Full text of Employment and Earnings : December 1998

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
December 1998




In this issue:

New seasonal adjustment factors
for establishment-based series

; • : •

• • • . • • .

Alexis M. Herman, Secretary

December 1998
Vol. 45NO.12

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner

Calendar of Features

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

EE —Employment

and Earnings

(ISSN 00 1 3-6840;

USPS 485-010), is published monthly and prepared in the
Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics in
collaboration with the Office of Publications. The data are
collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of
Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The State
agencies are listed on the inside back cover.
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questions concerning the data in this publication, or their
availability, should be directed as follows:
Household data:
Telephone: (202) 606-6373 x 255 or 6378
E-mail: CPSInfo@bls.gov
Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/cpshome.htm
National establishment data:
Telephone: (202) 606-6555
E-mail: CESInfo@bls.gov
Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm
State and area establishment data:
Telephone: (202) 606-6559
E-mail: Data_SA @bls.gov
Internet: http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm
Region, State, and area labor force data:
Telephone: (202) 606-6392
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appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission.




In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Annual averages

Jan.

Union affiliation

Jan.

Earnings by detailed occupation

Jan.

Employee absences

Jan.

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Jan.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data,
persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veterans
and nonveterans, and weekly earnings data

Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Jan.

Industry detail

March, June

Women employees

March, June

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks
and new seasonal adjustment factors

June

State and area annual revisions

March

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

Region, State, and area labor force data
Annual revisions

March

Annual averages

May

Employment and Earnings
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Eugene H. Becker

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error
Employment and unemployment developments, November 1998
New seasonal adjustment factors for the establishment data series
Summary tables and charts
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables

ii
iv
1
3
10
143
180

Statistical tables
Not
Source

Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
Local area labor force data:
Region
State
Area




Historical

Seasonally
adjusted

seasonany
adjusted

12

14

25

50

54
59

71
84
84

51

67

102
125

129
131

136
136

Monthly Household Data
Page

Historical
A-l. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1964 to date

12

A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1986 to date

13

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
A-5. Employed status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age

14
15
17
18

Characteristics of the Employed
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex

19
20

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-9.
A-10.
A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.

Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

21
22
23
24
24

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment,
educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment,
sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race

25
28
29
31
32

Characteristics of the Employed
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status ..
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status

33
34
35
36
37
37
38
39
40

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

41
42
43
44
45
45
46
47

Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex

47

Multiple Jobholders
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics

48

Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age




49

Monthly Establishment Data
Page

Historical
B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1947 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date

50
51

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group

54
56

B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change

58

57

States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry

59

Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry

67
68
69
70

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-l2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

71

B-l3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group

83

States and Areas
B-l4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

84

Hours and Earnings
National
B-l5. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-l6. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
States and Areas
B-l8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas

102
122
123
124
125

Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-l. Labor force status by census region and division

129

C-2. Labor force status by State

131

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data




C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area

136

iii

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Page

Page

Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series

143
143
144

Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
CPS sample, 1947 to present
Estimating methods
Noninterview adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996)
Tables 1-B through 1-H

145
145
145
147
147
149
151
151
152
152
153
153
154
154
154
154
154
154
155
155
155
155
156

Establishment data
Collection
Concepts

163
163
163




Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methods table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas

144

IV

166
166
166
166
166
166
167
168
168
169
169
169
169
170
170
170
173
173

Region, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction

176
176
176
176
176
176
177

Seasonal adjustment

178

177
177
177
177

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, November 1998

Employment increased in November, and the unemployment rate edged down to 4.4 percent. Nonfarm payroll
employment grew by 267,000, with sizable job gains in
services, construction, and retail trade more than offsetting
another large decline in manufacturing.
Unemployment
Both the number of unemployed persons, 6.1 million, and
the unemployment rate, 4.4 percent, edged down in November. Over the last 12 months, the jobless rate has ranged
from 4.3 to 4.7 percent. Among the major worker groups,
the unemployment rates for adult men (3.5 percent) and
whites (3.8 percent) edged down, while the rates for adult
women (4.1 percent), teenagers (15.1 percent), blacks (8.7
percent), and Hispanics (7.0 percent) showed little change
in November. (See tables A-3 and A-4.)
The number of persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks
decreased by 389,000 to 2.5 million in November, following an increase in October. (See table A-13.)
Total employment and the labor force
Total employment rose by 477,000 in November to 132.2
million, seasonally adjusted. The employment-population
ratio—the proportion of the population age 16 and older
with jobs—was 64.1 percent, little changed from the previous month. Over the year, employment has risen by 1.9
million, after adjusting for the changes in the composite
estimation procedure introduced with the January 1998 data.
(See table A-3.)
About 8.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held
more than one job in November. These multiple jobholders
comprised 6.3 percent of total employed, about the same as
a year earlier. (See table A-37.)
The civilian labor force, 138.3 million (seasonally
adjusted), was about unchanged in November. Over the year,
the labor force has grown by 1.7 million, after adjusting for
the changes in the composite estimation procedure. In
November, the labor force participation rate was essentially
unchanged at 67.1 percent. (See table A-3.)
Persons not in the labor force
About 1.2 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were
marginally attached to the labor force in November. These
were people who wanted and were available for work and
had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but
were not counted as unemployed because they had not




searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
The number of discouraged workers—a subset of the
marginally attached who were not currently looking for work
specifically because they believed no jobs were available
for them—was 310,000 in November, about the same as a
year earlier. (See table A-36.)
Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 267,000 in
November to 126.8 million, seasonally adjusted. This gain
was comparable to the average increase in the first 5 months
of 1998 (255,000) and well above the average monthly rise
from June to October (189,000). Employment in services,
retail trade, and construction rose markedly in November,
while manufacturing lost an additional 47,000 jobs, and
mining continued its long-term downward trend. (See table
B-3.)
The services industry added 150,000 jobs in November,
its largest increase since May. Employment in business
services rose by 55,000. Within business services, computer
services rose by 14,000, continuing its growth trend, and
help supply services gained 22,000 jobs, well above its
average pace for this year. The November employment
increase in engineering and management services (30,000)
was the second largest monthly rise in a year of robust
growth. Private educational services added 15,000 jobs over
the month, for a total gain of 54,000 since August.
Employment in health services was up by 14,000, with the
largest increase in doctors' offices and clinics. The number
of jobs in home health care services was unchanged,
following 13 straight months of declines; employment in
nursing and personal care facilities also was unchanged in
November, following decreases in 4 of the prior 5 months.
The construction industry had another large employment
gain (47,000), after adding 32,000 jobs in October. Smallerthan-usual seasonal layoffs in special trade contractors and
heavy construction accounted for most of the November
increase (after seasonal adjustment). Over the past 12
months, employment in construction has risen by 310,000.
Retail trade gained 65,000 jobs in November, following
little growth in October. Over the year, employment in this
industry has risen by 457,000. Nearly half of November's
increase occurred in eating and drinking places. Employment in department stores rose by 19,000, as seasonal hiring was stronger than usual. In wholesale trade, employment was essentially flat for the second month in a row.

Employment in the finance industry rose by 10,000,
with most of the gain occurring in mortgage brokerages.
Insurance continued to add jobs, with a gain of 6,000
over the month, and employment in real estate increased by
7,000.
Employment in transportation and public utilities rose
by 7,000 in November, well below the average for the prior
year. Water transportation and transportation services
accounted for most of the increase. Employment was
unchanged in both trucking and communications. In
government, local education employment was up by 24,000.
Federal employment, except postal, declined by 4,000 in
November.
Manufacturing employment decreased by 47,000 in
November, following a decline of 61,000 in October. Since
its latest peak in March, the number of factory jobs has fallen
by 245,000. Industrial machinery lost 15,000 jobs in
November, and electronic equipment lost 8,000.
Employment in both industries has been trending downward
since March. Apparel continued its long-term decline, losing
10,000 jobs in November. In addition, primary metals,
aircraft, and instruments all have experienced accelerating
job losses in recent months. Employment in mining




decreased by 3,000 over the month and has fallen by 33,000
since its most recent peak in September 1997.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.6
hours in November, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 41.6 hours, while
factory overtime remained unchanged at 4.5 hours. (See
table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was
little changed at 145.8 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The
manufacturing index decreased by 0.6 percent to 107.2. (See
table B-9.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose 3 cents in
November to $12.93, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly
earnings increased by 0.2 percent to $447.38. Over the year,
average hourly and weekly earnings have risen by 3.7 and
3.4 percent, respectively. (See table B-11.)

In accordance with usual practice, the release of December data will incorporate
annual revisions in seasonally adjusted unemployment and other labor force series.
Seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years are subject to revision.

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data arc scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference

month

Release date

Reference

month

Release date

December

January 8

March

April 2

January

February 5

April

May 7

February

March 5

May

June 4

New Seasonal Adjustment Factors
for the Establishment Data Series

Angela Clinton
Twice a year, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) computes and publishes projected seasonal adjustment factors
used to seasonally adjust establishment-based employment,
hours, and earnings data. Tables 1 -6 present factors for all
published series during the 8-month period, September 1998
through April 1999. Revised factors from this update have
been used to seasonally adjust the September final, October
second preliminary estimates, and November first preliminary estimates. As is usual practice, the annual revision of
historical seasonally adjusted data will occur in June 1999,
concurrent with the release of the new benchmarks and the
next semi-annual update of seasonal adjustment factors (covering March-October 1999).
Seasonal factors in this issue of Employment and Earnings were derived using January 1988 through October 1998
data. The September and October factors replace those published in the June 1998 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for those series
with a small seasonal component relative to the trend cycle
or irregular components or both. However, these series,
shown in tables 1 -4, are used in aggregations of broader
seasonally adjusted levels.
For employment, seasonal adjustment factors are directly
applied to the 2-digit levels with various seasonally
adjusted totals up through total nonfarm employment
derived through aggregation of the appropriate component
series. Series below the 2-digit level are independently
adjusted and not used in aggregations. Seasonally adjusted
total private estimates for hours and earnings series are
weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data at the

2-digit level in manufacturing and division level for other
private industries.
BLS uses X-12 ARIMA (Auto-Regressive Integrated
Moving Average) software, developed by the Bureau of the
Census, to seasonally adjust the establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings series1. All series are
computed using multiplicative models. The X-12 ARIMA
process enables BLS to refine its seasonal adjustment
procedures to control for survey interval variations,
sometimes referred to as the 4- versus 5-week effect.
A further refinement—the calendar effect—is made in
the hours and earnings seasonal adjustment that corrects for
changes in the number of weekdays in a month. This
adjustment is made to all division-level hours' series in the
service-producing sector and division-level earnings' series
for wholesale trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and
services. The series to which the length-of-pay period
adjustment is applied are not subject to the 4- versus 5-week
adjustment, since modeling cannot support the number of
variables required in the regression equation to make both
adjustments.
Special adjustments for average weekly hours and average weekly overtime series also are made to account for the
presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference period and Labor Day in the September reference period. The annual November special adjustment made
for poll workers in the local government (except education)
series is also part of this process.
Current seasonal adjustment factors are available on the
Internet at: http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm.

Angela Clinton is a supervisory economist in the Division of Monthly
Industry Employment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1
For a more detailed discussion of the seasonal adjustment procedure, see
"BLS Establishment Estimates Revised to Incorporate March 1997 Benchmarks" in the June 1998 issue of Employment and Earnings. Additional
articles in this series appear in previous June issues.




Table 1. Seasonal adjustment factors for employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
1999

1998
Industry
Jan.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1.0086
1.0001
.0048
.0353

0.9983
1.0087
1.0275

0.9969
1.0014
1.0037
1.0147

0.9893
.9990
1.0060
.9773

0.9826
.9985
.9954
.9187

.0269
.0990
.0422

1.0236
1.0980
1.0379

1.0175
1.0409
1.0192

.9940
.9411
.9868

.9502
.8302
.9286

1.0135

1.0111
1.0029
1.0145

1.0044
1.0049
1.0058
1.0032
(2)
1.0036
.9977
.9978
1.0032
.9995
1.0023
1.0010
1.0048

1.0053
.9907
1.0043
(2)
1.0038
1.0009
.9999
1.0035
1.0010
1.0067
1.0111
1.0040

1.0110

.9986
.9927
1.0675
1.0006
.9983
1.0016
1.0060
.9985
.9809
1.0013
1.0025

.9787
1.0506
.9957
.9881

.9981
1.0334
1.0010

.9851
1.0209
.9761
.9522

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

0.9809
.9954
.9909
.9270

0.9838
.9973
.9866
.9585

0.9861

.9428
.8405
.9227

.9482
.8826
.9375

.9775
.9692
.9743

.9821
1.0002
.9787
1.0006
(2)
.9989
1.0034
.9985
.9990
1.0001
1.0020
1.0031
.9977
.9992
.9976

.9876

1.0019

.9772
.9867
.9968

.9755
.9604
1.0000

.9965
.9971
.9982
.9775
1.0006
1.0029

.9951

Total 1
Goods-producing1
Mining1
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Construction1
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

.9855
.9990

Manufacturing1
Durable goods1
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Transportation equipment3
Motor vehicles and equipment3
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

1.0178
(2)
1.0010
.9954
.9959
1.0003
.9976
.9997
1.0012
.9993
.9997
1.0054

.9993
1.0134

1.0377
1.0431
1.0038
1.0073
1.0026
.9964
.9994
1.0177
1.0012
1.0036

1.0186
1.0594
.9982
1.0093
.9986
.9986
1.0004
1.0159
1.0027
1.0078

1.0052
1.0481
1.0006
1.0049
1.0007
1.0029

1.0066
1.0243
1.0157
1.0228
.9950
1.0025
1.0006

1.0076
1.0364
1.0151
1.0128

1.0036
1.0322
1.0082
.9838
1.0139

(2)
1.0008
.9948
1.0010
.9994
.9982
.9972
.9978

.9815
1.0000
.9638
1.0015
(2)
.9984
1.0003
.9981
1.0001
1.0002
.9943
1.0004
.9987
.9853

.9663
1.0002
(2)
.9984
1.0018
.9970
.9997
1.0003
1.0002
1.0004
.9989
.9927

.9977
.9990
(2)
1.0026
.9973
.9977
1.0019
1.0020
.9982

1

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

1.0098
1.0014
1.0099

.9977
.9950
.9661
.9954
.9911

.9778
1.0268
.9960
.9951
.9967
.9978
.9963
.9680
.9991
.9943

.9967
.9917
1.0067

1

Transportation and public utilities1
Transportation1
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit3 .
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities1
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services

.9992
1.0049

1.0026
1.0005

.9987

1.0397
.9969
.9967

.9945
.9908

.9849
1.0247
.9778
.9572
.9917
.9906
.9968

1.0017
.9968

.9982
.9969

.9945
.9955

.9946
.9950

.9963
.9962

.9964

.9874
1.0312
.9795
.9911
.9894
1.0002

.9990
1.0218
.9859
.9882
.9930
.9871
1.0010

1

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

.9988
1.0055

1.0003
1.0087

.9995
1.0052

.9995
1.0008

.9943
.9877

.9948
.9878

.9969
.9906

.9993
.9951

Retail trade1
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations ...
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

1.0043
.9914
.9920
.9988
1.0062
1.0031
.9834
.9908
1.0164
.9903

1.0001
1.0167
1.0181
1.0021
1.0038
1.0033
.9961
1.0021
.9977
1.0069

.9920
1.0713
1.0755
1.0102
.9995
1.0002
1.0449
1.0237
.9913
1.0392

.9845
1.1101
1.1081
1.0180
.9954
.9965
1.0933
1.0462

.9439
.9997

.9408
.9635
.9633
.9903
.9868
.9954
.9679
.9959

.9648
.9607
.9611
.9866
.9904
.9971

1.0122
.9653
.9635

See footnotes at end of table.




1.0742

.9963
.9873
.9939
1.0053
1.0083
.9578
1.0051

.9915

.9901
.9822
.9783

.9980
.9746
.9878
.9804

Table 1. Seasonal adjustment factors for employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry—Continued
1999

1996
Industry
Sept.
Finance, insurance, and real estate1
Finance1
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices ....
Insurance1
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service.
Real estate
Services1
Agricultrual services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors ...
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services3
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations3
Engineering and management services ..
Engineering and architectural services ..
Management and public relations
Services, nee
Government1
Federal1
Postal Service
Federal, except Postal Service
State1
Education
Other State government
Local1
Education
Other local government

.9975
.9947
.9975
.9975
.9994
.9953

.9964
.9925
.9968

.9991
.9971
1.0106

1.0002
.9983
1.0010

1.0587
1.0290
.9716
1.0120
1.0018
1.0326
1.0343
.9975
1.0021
1.0055
.9855
1.0549

1.0475
.9978
.9750
1.0185
1.0027
1.0485
1.0499
.9983
1.0020
1.0053
.9807
.9650
1.0001

.9993
.9983
1.0020
.9922
.9779
.9964
1.0068
.9962

1.0004
.9993
1.0076
.9951
1.0662
1.0038
1.0267

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

0.9987
.9991

0.9961

0.9970

0.9970
.9966

1.0007
1.0001
.9960
1.0008

1.0000
1.0036
.9961
1.0036

.9975
.9999
.9767

.9987

0.9978
.9984
.9950
.9950
.9918

1.0003
1.0011
.9983
1.0005
.9962

1.0008

1.0002

1.0000
.9981
.9911

.9988
1.0003
.9864

.9970
.9980

.9963

.9168
.9568
.9829
1.0073
.9942
1.0166
1.0168
1.0014
.9959
.9987
1.0075
.8972
1.0020
1.0038
1.0024
1.0006
1.0036
.9997
1.0526
1.0018
1.0186

.8403
.9404
1.0327
.9741
.9830
.9410
.9388
.9997
.9881
.9847
.9971
.8552
.9976
.9978
.9965
.9987
.9949
.9951
.9786
1.0109
.9936

.8391
.9502
1.0565
.9777
.9867
.9483
.9457
1.0002
.9937
.9847
1.0033
.8785
.9974
.9970
.9964
.9987
.9935
.9943
1.0591
.9974
1.0161
.9946

.9128
.9834
.9906
.9892
.9860
(2)

.9132
.9902
.9979
.9863
.9933
(2)

.9379
.9939
1.0022
.9949
(2)

.9858
.9950
1.0047
.9913
1.0018
(2)

.9610
.9753
1.0138
1.0016
1.0343
1.0349
.9979
1.0001
.9905
.8966
1.0009
.9994
1.0019
1.0004
1.0082
1.0793
1.0038
1.0257
.9978

.9973
.9942
.9964

.9953
.9981
.9943

.8861
.9590
1.0503
.9850
.9928
.9664
.9643
1.0025
.9979
.9916
1.0044
.9107
.9985
.9974
.9980
.9975
.9959
1.0634
1.0028
1.0234
.9985

1.0098
.9748
1.0502
.9904
1.0001
.9793
.9775
1.0011
.9978
.9978
.9951
.9861
.9982
.9979
.9987
1.0000
.9948
1.0641
1.0056
1.0289

1.0163
.9905
.9964
1.0037
1.0015
(2)

1.0162

.9929
1.0030

.9912
.9939

1.0093
.9915

1.0556

.9979
.9875

.9963
.9936

.9952
.9961

.9937
1.0002

.9739
1.0035

1.0651

1.0827
.9916

1.0562
.9899

.9776
.9911

1.0574
.9926

1.0709

1.0675

.9793
.9987

1.0391
.9875

1.0527
.9938

1.0482
.9831

1.0197
.9753

1.0479
.9771

1.0538
.9808

1.0481
.9829

1
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
2
Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and
irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
J
No adjustment was made to control for the effects of a 4- vs.




Oct.

.9985
1.0022
1.0028
(2)

.9730
.9941
.9961

.9731
.9945
.9954

.9992
(2)

(2)

5-week interval between surveys.
NOTE: September-October factors replace those published
in the June 1998 issue of this publication.
All factors are
multiplicative. Seasonally adjusted series are computed by dividing
the original value by the corresponding seasonal factor.

Table 2. Seasonal adjustment factors for women employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
1998
Industry
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

1.0036

1.0074

0.9974

0.9938

0.9913

0.9892

0.9895

0.9950

1.0174

1.0132

1.0063

.9935

.9735

.9755

.9842

1.0101

1.0102
1.0012
1.0045
.9948
1.0039
.9943
1.0000

1.0016
1.0049
1.0019
.9975
1.0039
1.0016
1.0063
1.0082
(3)
.9970

.9850
1.0001
.9902

.9824
1.0019
.9911
.9951
.9972
1.0053
.9993
.9983
(3)
.9944

.9901
1.0019
.9954
.9960
.9975
1.0038
.9972

.9683
1.0891
.9918
.9874
.9902
.9965
.9921
.9806
.9957

.9626
.9781

.9595
.9338
.9992
.9982
.9882

Total 1
Goods-producing1
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

1

Durable goods 1
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment2
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

1.0078
1.0032
1.0016
.9904
.9999
.9980
(3)
1.0106

(3)
1.0193

1.0096
1.0055
1.0026
.9963
1.0066
.9980
1.0053
1.0069
(3)
1.0176

Nondurable goods1
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

1.0645
1.0786
1.0058
1.0077
1.0053
.9953
1.0004
1.0130
1.0016
1.0070

1.0328
1.0961
.9998
1.0112
1.0013
.9978
1.0024
1.0090
1.0036
1.0137

1.0141
1.1018
1.0016
1.0055
1.0031
1.0044
.9998
1.0093
1.0044
1.0104

.9935
1.0942
1.0011
.9998
.9987
1.0069
1.0000
.9813
1.0034
.9997

Transportation and public utilities

1.0057

1.0086

1.0101

1.0134

Wholesale trade

1.0020

1.0076

1.0078

1.0062

.9946

.9938

.9944

.9945

Retail trade

1.0026

1.0054

1.0248

1.0423

.9842

.9736

.9741

.9826

.9940

.9944

Service-producing

Government
Federal
State
Local

.9642
1.0405
.9935
.9952
.9910
.9954
.9755
.9992
.9921

.9976
.9905
.9975
.9963
.9785
.9994
.9997

(3)

.9941
.9860
1.0005

.9975

.9985

.9978

1.0007

1.0061

1.0027

1.0002

.9852

.9975
.9911
.9837

.9934
1.0255
1.0241

.9998
1.0320
1.0392

1.0076
1.0189
1.0292

.9920
.9879
1.0094

.9979
.9984

1.0025

1.0276
1.0322

1.0271
1.0289

1

1
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
2
No adjustment was made to control for the effects of a 4- vs.
5-week interval between surveys.
3
Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and




1.0045
1.0000
1.0007
(3)
.9874

1

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

.9983
1.0031
1.0014
.9985
(3)
.9781

.9828
.9985
.9885
.9965

.9948
1.0225
1.0274

irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: September-October factors replace those published
in the June 1998 issue of this publication. All factors are
multiplicative. Seasonally adjusted series are computed by dividing
the original value by the corresponding seasonal factor.

Table 3. Seasonal adjustment factors for production or nonsupervisory workers1 on nonfarm payrolls by
industry
1999

1998
Industry
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

1.0126

1.0110

1.0060

0.9958

0.9753

0.9741

0.9812

0.9884

1.0585

1.0549

1.0298

.9778

.9046

.8893

.9172

1.0158
.9992
1.0214
.9992
(3)
1.0017
.9933
.9977
.9965
.9974
(3)
1.0097

1.0128
1.0029
1.0188
.9982
(3)
1.0015
.9931
.9993
.9934
.9949
(3)
1.0168

1.0057
1.0041
1.0085
1.0032
(3)
1.0042
1.0048
1.0043
1.0099
(3)
1.0152

.9983
1.0046
.9901
1.0049
(3)
1.0045
1.0015
1.0059
1.0089
1.0148
(3)
.9959

.9795
1.0000
.9580
1.0032
(3)
.9984
1.0019
1.0027
.9955
.9953
(3)
.9817

.9783
1.0016
.9618
1.0012
(3)
.9995
1.0049
1.0030
1.0018
1.0026
(3)
.9916

.9798
1.0018
.9765
1.0016
(3)
1.0000
1.0072
1.0014
1.0055
1.0072
(3)
.9977

1.0487
1.0662
1.0039
1.0083
1.0037

1.0248
1.0827

.9913
1.0872
1.0005
.9981
1.0014
1.0098
.9985
.9682
1.0015
1.0022

.9747
1.0784
.9952
.9878
.9972
.9957
.9957
.9506
.9952
.9883

.9739
1.0348
.9962
.9947
.9961
.9964
.9978
.9535

.9729
.9813
.9979
.9981
.9955
.9984

Total private2
Goods-producing2
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

2

Durable goods2
Lumber and wood products
,
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
,
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment4
Motor vehicles and equipment4
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods2
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

nnee
.aoOO

1.0117
.9984
.9973

1.0006
1.0259
1.0022
1.0052

1.0220
1.0049
1.0113

1.0074
1.0759
1.0004
1.0066
1.0009
1.0042
.9990
1.0099
1.0025
1.0109

Transportation and public utilities

1.0075

1.0094

1.0086

1.0092

Wholesale trade

1.0030

1.0047

1.0025

Retail trade

1.0025

1.0024

Finance, insurance, and real estate

1.0001

Services

1.0032

Service-producing

.9700
.9405
1.0005

.9930

.9682
1.0005
1.0033

.9935
.9997
.9971
.9957
.9990
1.0046

.9893

.9892

.9909

.9932

.9997

.9900

.9900

.9925

.9962

1.0182

1.0335

.9609

.9740

.9770

.9872

.9972

.9955

.9954

.9895

.9921

.9962

1.0064

1.0001

.9955

.9758

2

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
2
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
3
Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and




1.0018
.9972
1.0002
(3)
1.0000
1.0055
.9981
1.0057
1.0063
(3)
1.0003

.9863

1.0010

irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
4
No adjustment was made to control for the effects of a 4- vs.
5-week interval between surveys.
NOTE: September-October factors replace those published
in the June 1998 issue of this publication. All factors are
multiplicative. Seasonally adjusted series are computed by dividing
the original value by the corresponding seasonal factor.

Table 4. Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry
1999

1998
Industry
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

1.0029

1.0083

1.0061

0.9919

0.9932

0.9871

0.9938

.9775

1.0240

.9924

.9863

.9529

.9652

.9806

.9997

.9970
.9888
1.0141
1.0026
1.0024
.9838
.9798

1.0062
1.0172
1.0052
1.0064
1.0011
1.0158
1.0063
1.0162
1.0109
1.0107
1.0112
1.0179

1.0029
1.0329
.9977
1.0203
1.0109
1.0276
1.0262
1.0282
1.0251
1.0346
1.0251
1.0200

.9744
.9905
.9647
1.0022
1.0034

.9820
.9874
.9718

.9905
.9923
.9863

1.0020
.9932
1.0016
1.0021

.9970
1.0004
.9879

.9970
.9932
1.0010
.9948
.9948
.9935
1.0015
.9960

.9995

.9904
.9895
.9891
.9927

1.0098
1.0102
1.0142
.9987
.9848
1.0068
.9919
1.0008
1.0110
1.0152
.9990
1.0103

1.0056
.9985
1.0051
1.0068
1.0036
1.0028

1.0046
.9987
1.0088
1.0117
.9943
1.0038

1.0201
.9919
1.0015
.9846
1.0109
1.0096
1.0043
(5)
.9927
.9950

1.0123
1.0159
.9990
1.0079
1.0020
1.0059
.9978
(5)
1.0008
1.0064

1.0161
1.0125
1.0116
1.0088
1.0097
1.0143
1.0080
(5)
1.0115
1.0112

1.0191
1.0313
1.0132
1.0156
1.0205
1.0159
1.0223
(5)
1.0230
1.0151

.9914
.9816
.9959
.9947
1.0014
.9854
.9998
(5)
1.0002
.9901

.9865
.9710
.9913
.9910
.9885
.9916
.9974
(5)
.9943
.9812

.9861
.9779
.9993
1.0006
.9927
1.0010
1.0010
(5)
.9985
.9969

.9823
.9821
.9979
.9994
.9970
.9984
(5)
1.0057
.9904

1.0011

.9993

1.0105

.9834

.9951

.9926

.9912

.9971

1.0006

1.0060

1.0010

.9905

.9946

.9939

.9978

1.0026

.9946

1.0096

.9677

.9788

.9849

.9890
(5)

Sept.

Oct.

0.9931

Total private2
Goods-producing2
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

2

Durable goods2
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products3
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods2
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products4
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products3
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

1.0015
.9981

Service-producing2
Transportation and public utilities6
Wholesale trade
Retail trade

6

36

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

6

(5)

(5)

.9928

.9979

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
2
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
3
No moving-holiday adjustment was done for April or September
because there was no evidence of significant effects associated with
the relative timing of Easter or Labor Day, respectively, and the
reference period of the payroll survey.
4
No moving-holiday adjustment was done for September
because there was no evidence of significant effects associated with
the relative timing of Labor Day and the reference period of the




(5)
1.0048

(5)

(5)

(5)

(5)

.9968

.9903

.9948

.9937

payroll survey.
5
Seasonal adjustment factors are not computed because the
seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and
irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
6
An adjustment was made to control for the distortions related to
the varying length of payroll periods across months. No adjustment
was made to control for the effects of a 4- vs. 5-week interval
between surveys.
NOTE: September-October factors replace those published
in the June 1998 issue of this publication. All factors are
multiplicative. Seasonally adjusted series are computed by dividing
the original value by the corresponding seasonal factor.

Table 5. Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly overtime hours of production workers on
manufacturing payrolls
1998

1999

Industry
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

0.9795
1.0915

1.0339
1.0522

1.0582
1.0567

1.1220
1.0585

0.9575
.9479

0.9572
.9182

0.9885
.9551

1.0426
.9820

Manufacturing1
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

1
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
NOTE: September-October factors replace those published

in the June 1998 issue of this publication. All factors are
multiplicative. Seasonally adjusted series are computed by dividing
the original value by the corresponding seasonal factor.

Table 6. Seasonal adjustment factors for average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry
1999

1998
Industry
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Mining

1.0008

0.9957

0.9980

1.0053

1.0112

1.0086

1.0027

1.0049

Construction

1.0114

1.0103

1.0025

1.0009

.9987

.9925

.9923

.9935

Manufacturing

1.0020

.9980

1.0015

1.0081

1.0025

1.0001

1.0006

1.0011

.9982

.9952

.9987

1.0040

1.0042

1.0020

1.0029

1.0047

1.0028

1.0008

1.0051

1.0009

1.0039

1.0026

.9975

.9955

1.0033

1.0007

1.0010

1.0022

.9952

1.0009

1.0044

1.0014

1.0019

.9992

1.0072

1.0029

1.0028

1.0011

.9952

.9974

1.0049

.9976

.9988

1.0036

1.0007

1.0007

.9986

1.0071

1.0070

1.0088

1.0075

1.0044

1.0017

Total private2
Goods-producing2

Excluding overtime
Service-producing

2

Transportation and public utilities ....
Wholesale trade

3

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

3

3

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
2
Seasonally adjusted data are derived by aggregation of the
component series.
3
An adjustment was made to control for the distortions related to




.9981

the varying length of payroll periods across months. No adjustment
was made to control for the effects of a 4- vs. 5-week interval
between surveys.
NOTE: September-October factors replace those published
in the June 1998 issue of this publication. All factors are
multiplicative. Seasonally adjusted series are computed by dividing
the original value by the corresponding seasonal factor.

Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

Category
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Nov.

Oct.

Labor force status

203,941 204,098 204,238 204,400 204,547 204,731 204,899 205,085 205,270 205,479 205,699 205,919 206,104
136,864 137,169 137,493 137,557 137,523 137,242 137,364 137,447 137,296 137,415 138,075 137,976 138,253
67.1
67.2
67.2
67.3
67.3
67.0
67.0
67.0
66.9
66.9
67.1
67.0
67.1
130,575 130,777 131,083 131,163 130,994 131,383 131,453 131,209 131,067 131,168 131,765 131,677 132,154
64.0
64.1
64.2
64.2
64.0
64.2
64.2
63.9
64.0
64.1
63.8
63.9
64.1
6,289
6,392
6,393
6,409
6,529
6,230
5,859
5,910
6,237
6,310
6,247
6,299
6,099
67,077 66,929 66,745 66,844 67,024 67,489 67,535 67,639 67,973 68,064 67,624 67,943 67,851

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population
Unemployed
Not in labor force

Unemployment rates
4.6
3.9
4.0
15.2
3.9
9.7
6.9

All workers
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin

NOTE:

4.7
4.1
4.0

4.7
3.8
4.4

4.6
3.8
4.3

4.7
3.9
4.3

4.3
3.4
4.1

4.3
3.5
3.9

4.5
3.7
4.1

4.5
3.9
4.0

4.5
3.7
4.1

4.6
3.8
4.0

4.6
3.7
4.0

14.3

14.1

14.7

15.0

13.1

14.2

14.6

13.8

15.0

15.4

16.0

3.9
9.9

4.0
9.3
6.9

3.9
9.7
6.8

4.1
9.2
6.9

3.6
8.9
6.5

3.7
9.0
6.8

4.0
8.2
7.6

3.8
9.7
7.2

4.0
9.0
7.5

3.9
9.2
7.4

4.0
8.6
7.2

7.5

Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation

4.4
3.5
4.1
15.1
3.8
8.7
7.0

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
Industry

1998

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance insurance and real estate
Services
Government

123,944
104,282
25,099
591
5,750
18,758
98,845
6,456
6,711
22,206
7,172
36,638
19,662

124,289
104,609
25,193
592
5,810
18,791
99,096
6,451
6,731
22,245
7,194
36,795
19,680

124,640
104,954
25,297
592
5,881
18,824
99,343
6,473
6,759
22,280
7,213
36,932
19,686

124,832
105,112
25,314
590
5,902
18,822
99,518
6,494
6,769
22,283
7,232
37,020
19,720

124.914
105,186
25,276
587
5,860
18,829
99,638
6,504
6,783
22,259
7,258
37,106
19,728

125,234
105,470
25,339
582
5,930
18,827
99,895
6,513
6,798
22,335
7,289
37,196
19,764

Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance insurance and real estate
Services
Government

376
360
67
-1
28
40
309
3
14
101
21
154
16

345
327
94
1
60
33
251
-5
20
39
22
157
18

351
345
104
0
71
33
247
22
28
35
19
137
6

192
158
17
-2
21
-2
175
21
10
3
19
88
34

82
74
-38
-3
-42
7
120
10
14
-24
26
86
8

320
284
63
-5
70
-2
257
9
15
76
31
90
36

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

NOV.P

125,751
105,938
25,304
578
5,946
18,780
100,447
6,538
6,821
22,448
7,333
37,494
19,813

125,869
106,043
25,135
571
5,970
18,594
100,734
6,550
6,827
22,547
7,370
37,614
19,826

126,191
106,269
25,253
571
5,989
18,693
100,938
6,570
6,838
22,545
7,372
37,691
19,922

126,363
106,435
25,241
568
5,981
18,692
101,122
6,579
6,862
22,592
7,393
37,768
19,928

126,508
106,567
25,208
564
6,013
18,631
101,300
6,593
6,861
22,598
7,415
37,892
19,941

126,775
106,816
25,205
561
6,060
18,584
101,570
6,600
6,868
22,663
7,438
38,042
19,959

189
204
3
-1
29
-25
186
4
6
25
22
144
-15

118
105
-169
-7
24
-186
287
12
6
99
37
120
13

322
226
118
0
19
99
204
20
11
-2
2
77
96

172
166
-12
-3
-8
-1
184
9
24
47
21
77
6

145
132
-33
-4
32
-61
178
14
-1
6
22
124
13

267
249
-3
-3
47
-47
270
7
7
65
23
150
18

34.6
41.8
4.6

34.6
41.7
4.6

34.6
41.7
4.6

34.4
41.6
4.5

34.6
41.7
4.5

34.6
41.6
4.5

145.3
108.0

144.9
108.0

145.7
107.8

145.8
107.2

Employment
125,562
105,734
25,301
579
5,917
18,805
100,261
6,534
6,815
22,423
7,311
37,350
19,828

Over-the-month change

... .

328
264
-38
-3
-13
-22
366
21
17
88
22
154
64
Hours of work1

Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime

34.7
42.1
4.9

34.7
42.2
4.9

34.8
42.1
4.9

34.7
42.0
4.8

34.6
41.8
4.8

34.5
41.4
4.5

34.7
41.8
4.6

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982-100) 1
Total private
Manufacturing

143.2
110.1

143.6
110.6

144.6
110.6

144.4
110.3

143.8
109.7

144.0
108.7

144.9
109.4

144.8
109.0

145.2
107.2

Earnings1
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars2
Average weekly earnings, total private

$12.47
762
432.71

$12.50
763
433.75

$12.54
7.66
436.39

$12.59
7.69
436.87

$12.63
7.72
437.00

1

Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used
to deflate these series.

$12.73
7.73
441.73

N.A. = not available.
- preliminary,

2




$12.70
7.74
438.15

p

10

$12.76
7.75
441.50

$12.79
7.75
442.53

$12.85
7.78
444.61

$12.87
7.79
442.73

$12.90
7.79
446.34

$12.93
N.A.
447.38

Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,
1994-98
Thousands
128,000

Thousands
128,000

1994

1995

1997

1996

1998

Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1994-98




Percent
8.0

- 5.0

4.0
1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

NOTE: Beginning in 1990, data reflect 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount. Beginning in 1994, data reflect the introduction of a major redesign of the Current
Population Survey. Beginning in 1997, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. Beginning in
1998, data incorporate new composite estimation procedures and updated population controls. These
changes affect comparability with data for prior periods.

II

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1964 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Unemployed

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages

1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.

124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

55.7
56.2
56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0

4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970.
1971 .
19721
19731
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
19781
1979.

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
19861
1987.
1988.
1989.

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523

189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133

125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297

66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1

118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558

62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
63.8

3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440
3,443
3,399

115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123,264
126,159

7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6,739

5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9

63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837

1

1990
1991 .
1992.
1993.
19941
1995.
1996.
19971

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1997:
November.
December.

203,941
204,098

136,864
137,169

67.1
67.2

130,575
130,777

64.0
64.1

3,384
3,385

127,191
127,392

6,289
6,392

4.6
4.7

67,077
66,929

204,238
204,400
204,547
204,731
204,899
205,085
205,270
205,479
205,699
205,919
206,104

137,493
137,557
137,523
137,242
137,364
137,447
137,296
137,415
138,075
137,976
138,253

67.3
67.3
67.2
67.0
67.0
67.0
66.9
66.9
67.1
67.0
67.1

131,083
131,163
130,994
131,383
131,453
131,209
131,067
131,168
131,765
131,677
132,154

64.2
64.2
64.0
64.2
64.2
64.0
63.9
63.8
64.1
63.9
64.1

3,319
3,335
3,132
3,350
3,335
3,343
3,441
3,529
3,518
3,603
3,344

127,764
127,829
127,862
128,033
128,118
127,867
127,626
127,640
128,247
128,075
128,810

6,409
6,393
6,529
5,859
5,910
6,237
6,230
6,247
6,310
6,299
6,099

4.7
4.6
4.7
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.4

66,745
66,844
67,024
67,489
67,535
67,639
67,973
68,064
67,624
67,943
67,851

1998:

January3 ...
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November.

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
2 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3
Beginning in January 1998, data are not strictly comparable with data




for 1997 and earlier years because of the introduction of new composite
estimation procedures and revisions in the population controls used in the
household survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 1998" in the February 1998 issue of
this publication.

12

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1986 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Sex, year,
and month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Percent
of
population

Number

Agriculture

Unemployed
Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
19861

1987
1988
1989
19901

1991
1992
1993
19941
1995

1996
19971

85,798
86,899
87,857
88,762

65,422
66,207
66,927
67,840

76.3
76.2
76.2
76.4

60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315

71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5

2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513

58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802

4,530
4,101
3,655
3,525

6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2

20,376
20,692
20,930
20,923

90,377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95,178
96,206
97,715

69,011
69,168
69,964
70,404
70,817
71,360
72,087
73,261

76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0

65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207
69,685

72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3

2,546
2,589
2,575
2,478
2,554
2,559
2,573
2,552

62,559
61,634
62371
63,896
64,818
65,634
67,133

3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983
3,880
3,577

5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9

21,367
22,110
22,306
22,927
23,538
23,818
24,119
24,454

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1997:
November..
December..

98,141
98,225

73,682
73,662

75.1
75.0

70,352
70,195

71.7
71.5

2,503
2,497

67,849
67,698

3,330
3,467

4.5
4.7

24,459
24,563

1998:
January3 ....
February ....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November..

98,241
98,331
98,405
98,503
98,591
98,691
98,785
98,892
99,006
99,121
99,217

73,852
73,780
73,695
73,799
73,783
73,818
74,027
73,695
74,165
74,091
74,404

75.2
75.0
74.9
74.9
74.8
74.8
74.9
74.5
74.9
74.7
75.0

70,518
70,459
70,297
70,831
70,685
70,570
70,605
70,441
70,751
70,797
71,266

71.8
71.7
71.4
71.9
71.7
71.5
71.5
71.2
71.5
71.4
71.8

2,463
2,458
2,356
2,584
2,492
2,535
2,596
2,654
2,685
2,773
2,584

68,056
68,001
67,941
68,246
68.193
68,035
68,009
67,787
68,066
68,023
68,683

3,333
3,320
3,399
2,969
3,098
3,249
3,422
3,253
3,414
3,294
3,138

4.5
4.5
4.6
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.4
4.6
4.4
4.2

24,389
24,551
24,710
24,704
24,808
24,873
24,759
25,198
24,841
25,030
24,813

Annual averages
WOMEN
19861
1987
1988

1989
19901

1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19971

94,789
95,853
96,756
97,630

52,413
53,658
54,742
56,030

55.3
56.0
56.6
57.4

48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027

51.4
52.5
53.4
54.3

652
666
676
687

48,054
49,668
51,020
52,341

3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003

7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4

42,376
42,195
42,014
41,601

98,787
99,646
100,535
101,506
102,460
103,406
104,385
105,418

56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
60,944
61,857
63,036

57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8

53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523
58,501
59,873

54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8

678
680
672
637
855
861
871
847

53,011
52,815
53,380
54,273
55,755
56,642
57,630
59,026

3,140
3,683
4,090
3,885
3,629
3,421
3,356
3,162

5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0

41,957
42,468
42,394
42,711
42,221
42,462
42,528
42,382

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted?

1997:
November ...
December...

105,799
105,873

63,182
63,507

59.7
60.0

60,223
60,582

56.9
57.2

881
888

59,342
59,694

2,959
2,925

4.7
4.6

42,617
42,366

105,997
106,070
106,141
106,228
106,308
106,394
106,484
106,587
106,693
106,798
106,887

63,641
63,777
63,827
63,443
63,581
63,628
63,270
63,721
63,910
63,885
63,849

60.0
60.1
60.1
59.7
59.8
59.8
59.4
59.8
59.9
59.8
59.7

60,565
60.704
60,697
60,553
60,768
60,640
60,462
60,727
61,014
60,881
60,888

57.1
57.2
57.2
57.0
57.2
57.0
56.8
57.0
57.2
57.0
57.0

856
876
776
766
844
808
845
874
833
829
760

59,709
59,827
59,921
59,787
59,924
59,832
59,617
59,853
60,181
60,051
60,127

3,076
3,073
3,130
2,890
2,813
2,989
2,808
2,994
2,896
3,004
2,961

4.8
4.8
4.9
4.6
4.4
4.7
4.4
4.7
4.5
4.7
4.6

42,356
42,293
42,314
42,785
42,727
42,766
43,215
42,866
42,783
42,913
43,038

1998:
January3
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September..
October
November...

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability11 under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3
Beginning in January 1998, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1997 and




earlier years because of the introduction of new composite estimation procedures and
revisions in the population controls used in the household survey. For additional
information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998" in
the February 1998 issue of this publication.

13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1998

1997
Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .. 203,941 204,098 204,238 204,400 204,547 204,731 204,899 205,085 205,270 205,479 205,699 205,919 206,104
136,864 137,169 137,493 137,557 137,523 137,242 137,364 137,447 137,296 137,415 138,075 137,976 138,253
Civilian labor force
67.3
67.2
67.0
67.2
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.1
67.1
66.9
66.9
67.3
Percent of population
67.0
130,575 130,777 131,083 131,163 130,994 131,383 131,453 131,209 131,067 131,168 131,765 131,677 132,154
Employed
64.2
64.1
64.2
64.0
64.0
64.0
64.2
64.1
64.1
63.8
63.9
64.2
Employment-population ratio
63.9
6,409
6,392
5,859
6,529
6,289
6,237
5,910
6,099
6,310
6,247
6,230
6,393
6,299
Unemployed
4.7
4.7
4.3
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.3
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.6
Unemployment rate
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .. 98,141
73,682
Civilian labor force
75.1
Percent of population
70,352
Employed
71.7
Employment-population ratio
2,503
Agriculture
67,849
Nonagricultural industries
3,330
Unemployed
4.5
Unemployment rate
24,459
Not in labor force

98,225
73,662
75.0
70,195
71.5
2,497
67,698
3,467
4.7
24,563

98,241
73,852
75.2
70,518
71.8
2,463
68,056
3,333
4.5
24,389

98,331
73,780
75.0
70,459
71.7
2,458
68,001
3,320
4.5
24,551

98,405
73,695
74.9
70,297
71.4
2,356
67,941
3,399
4.6
24,710

98,503
73,799
74.9
70,831
71.9
2,584
68,246
2,969
4.0
24,704

98,591
73,783
74.8
70,685
71.7
2,492
68,193
3,098
4.2
24,808

98,691
73,818
74.8
70,570
71.5
2,535
68,035
3,249
4.4
24,873

98,785
74,027
74.9
70,605
71.5
2,596
68,009
3,422
4.6
24,759

98,892
73,695
74.5
70,441
71.2
2,654
67,787
3,253
4.4
25,198

99,006
74,165
74.9
70,751
71.5
2,685
68,066
3,414
4.6
24,841

99,121
74,091
74.7
70,797
71.4
2,773
68,023
3,294
4.4
25,030

99,217
74,404
75.0
71,266
71.8
2,584
68,683
3,138
4.2
24,813

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .. 90,251
69,500
Civilian labor force
77.0
Percent of population
66,824
Employed
74.0
Employment-population ratio
2,323
Agriculture
64,501
Nonagricultural industries
2,676
Unemployed
3.9
Unemployment rate
20,751
Not in labor force

90,339
69,561
77.0
66,676
73.8
2,314
64,362
2,885
4.1
20,778

90,391
69,652
77.1
67,008
74.1
2,282
64,726
2,644
3.8
20,738

90,476
69,601
76.9
66,990
74.0
2,264
64,726
2,611
3.8
20,875

90,502
69,451
76.7
66,753
73.8
2,168
64,585
2,699
3.9
21,051

90,580
69,697
76.9
67,301
74.3
2,420
64,881
2,396
3.4
20,883

90,622
69,624
76.8
67,190
74.1
2,324
64,866
2,434
3.5
20,998

90,700
69,545
76.7
66,950
73.8
2,333
64,617
2,595
3.7
21,154

90,802
69,790
76.9
67,040
73.8
2,394
64,646
2,750
3.9
21,012

90,889
69,490
76.5
66,901
73.6
2,443
64,457
2,589
3.7
21,399

91,003
69,829
76.7
67,185
73.8
2,424
64,761
2,645
3.8
21,173

91,101
69,815
76.6
67,241
73.8
2,463
64,778
2,575
3.7
21,286

91,192
70,076
76.8
67,658
74.2
2,382
65,276
2,418
3.5
21,116

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .. 105,799 105,873 105,997 106,070 106,141 106,228 106,308 106,394 106,484 106,587 106,693 106,798 106,887
63,182 63,507 63,641 63,777 63,827 63,443 63,581 63,628 63,270 63,721 63,910 63,885 63,849
Civilian labor force
59.8
60.1
60.0
60.0
59.4
59.8
59.7
60.1
59.7
59.9
59.8
59.7
59.8
Percent of population
60,223 60,582 60,565 60,704 60,697 60,553 60,768 60,640 60,462 60,727 61,014 60,881 60,888
Employed
57.0
57.2
57.1
57.2
56.8
57.2
57.0
57.2
57.2
57.0
56.9
57.0
57.0
Employment-population ratio
808
844
888
874
845
766
776
876
856
829
833
881
760
Agriculture
59,342 59,694 59,709 59,827 59,921 59,787 59,924 59,832 59,617 59,853 60,181 60,051 60,127
Nonagricultural industries
2,989
2,994
2,808
2,813
2,890
3,130
3,076
2,925
3,004
2,896
3,073
2,959
2,961
Unemployed
4.7
4.4
4.4
4.6
4.7
4.6
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.5
4.6
Unemployment rate
42,617 42,366 42,356 42,293 42,314 42,785 42,727 42,766 43,215 42,866 42,783 42,913 43,038
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .,
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries

Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

98,212
59,348
60.4
56,953
58.0
833
56,120
2,395
4.0
38,864

98,300
59,624
60.7
57,255
58.2
845
56,410
2,369
4.0
38,676

98,420
59,652
60.6
57,040
58.0
811
56,229
2,612
4.4
38,768

98,471
59,721
60.6
57,146
58.0
801
56,345
2,575
4.3
38,750

98,534
59,771
60.7
57,186
58.0
717
56,470
2,585
4.3
38,762

98,583
59,486
60.3
57,075
57.9
705
56,370
2,411
4.1
39,097

98,668
59,573
60.4
57,253
58.0
755
56,499
2,320
3.9
39,095

98,735
59,599
60.4
57,172
57.9
747
56,424
2,427
4.1
39,136

98,778
59,359
60.1
57,000
57.7
793
56,207
2,359
4.0
39,419

98,901
59,712
60.4
57,286
57.9
819
56,468
2,426
4.1
39,189

98,994
59,804
60.4
57,435
58.0
773
56,663
2,368
4.0
39,190

99,037
59,810
60.4
57,422
58.0
778
56,643
2,388
4.0
39,227

99,135
59,907
60.4
57,473
58.0
726
56,747
2,434
4.1
39,228

15,478
8,016
51.8
6,798
43.9
228
6,570
1,218
15.2
7,462

15,459
7,984
51.6
6,846
44.3
226
6,620
1,138
14.3
7,475

15,427
8,189
53.1
7,035
45.6
227
6,809
1,154
14.1
7,238

15,453
8,235
53.3
7,028
45.5
270
6,758
1,207
14.7
7,218

15,511
8,300
53.5
7,055
45.5
247
6,808
1,245
15.0
7,210

15,569
8,059
51.8
7,007
45.0
225
6,782
1,052
13.1
7,510

15,609
8,166
52.3
7,010
44.9
256
6,754
1,156
14.2
7,442

15,651
8,302
53.0
7,088
45.3
262
6,826
1,215
14.6
7,349

15,690
8,147
51.9
7,027
44.8
254
6,773
1,120
13.8
7,542

15,689
8,213
52.4
6,981
44.5
267
6,715
1,232
15.0
7,476

15,702
8,442
53.8
7,145
45.5
322
6,823
1,297
15.4
7,260

15,781
8,351
52.9
7,015
44.5
361
6,653
1,336
16.0
7,430

15,777
8,270
52.4
7,023
44.5
237
6,786
1,248
15.1
7,507

1

adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 1998, data reflect n e w
composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the
household survey.

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
N O T E : Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3 through
A-13 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal




14

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1998

1997
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutionai population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

170,545 170,649 170,810 170,917 171,016 171,141 171,257 171,387 171,513 171,655 171,804 171,956 172,084
115,073 115,263 115,253 115,392 115,297 115,057 115,309 115,137 114,975 115,275 115,776 115,602 115,775
67.2
67.2
67.3
67.5
67.4
67.4
67.5
67.0
67.5
67.5
67.2
67.2
67.3
110,604 110,729 110,698 110,842 110,605 110,859 111,025 110,535 110,630 110,708 111,233 111,013 111,394
64.8
64.8
64.9
64.7
64.7
64.8
64.5
64.5
64.9
64.9
64.5
64.6
64.7
4,198
4,284
4,550
4,543
4,692
4,555
4,346
4,534
4,469
4,567
4,602
4,381
4,589
3.6
3.7
3.9
3.9
4.1
4.0
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.0
3.8
4.0
4.0

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

59,355
77.5
57,363
74.9
1,992
3.4

59,389
77.5
57,272
74.7
2,117
3.6

59,262
77.3
57,336
74.8
1,926
3.3

59,372
77.4
57,456
74.9
1,916
3.2

59,201
77.1
57,209
74.5
1,992
3.4

59,307
77.2
57,562
74.9
1,745
2.9

59,366
77.2
57,516
74.8
1,850
3.1

59,257
77.0
57,302
74.5
1,955
3.3

59,403
77.2
57,436
74.6
1,967
3.3

59,314
77.0
57,385
74.5
1,929
3.3

59,592
77.3
57,584
74.7
2,008
3.4

59,469
77.1
57,509
74.5
1,960
3.3

59,713
77.3
57,925
75.0
1,788
3.0

48,906
59.9
47,265
57.8
1,641
3.4

49,134
60.1
47,474
58.1
1,660
3.4

49,077
60.0
47,250
57.7
1,827
3.7

49,057
59.9
47,279
57.7
1,778
3.6

49,077
59.9
47,276
57.7
1,801
3.7

48,955
59.7
47,300
57.7
1,654
3.4

49,019
59.8
47,416
57.8
1,603
3.3

48,886
59.6
47,197
57.5
1,688
3.5

48,705
59.3
47,087
57.4
1,618
3.3

49,013
59.7
47,287
57.6
1,726
3.5

49,110
59.8
47,492
57.8
1,618
3.3

49,058
59.7
47,398
57.6
1,660
3.4

49,071
59.6
47,389
57.6
1,683
3.4

6,812
55.6
5,976
48.8
836
12.3
12.8
11.6

6,740
55.0
5,983
48.8
757
11.2
11.3
11.1

6,914
56.3
6,113
49.8
802
11.6
14.2
8.8

6,963
56.6
6,107
49.6
857
12.3
14.7
9.8

7,019
56.9
6,120
49.6
899
12.8
14.9
10.6

6,795
54.9
5,996
48.5
799
11.8
12.7
10.7

6,924
55.8
6,093
49.1
831
12.0
14.0
9.8

6,994
56.2
6,036
48.5
958
13.7
14.7
12.6

6,867
55.1
6,107
49.0
760
11.1
13.1
8.9

6,949
55.6
6,036
48.3
913
13.1
14.3
11.9

7,074
56.5
6,158
49.2
917
13.0
15.0
10.7

7,075
56.4
6,106
48.7
969
13.7
14.0
13.4

6,991
55.7
6,080
48.4
911
13.0
14.1
11.9

24,149
15,638
64.8
14,128
58.5
1,510
9.7

24,180
15,709
65.0
14,149
58.5
1,560
9.9

24,196
15,788
65.3
14,316
59.2
1,472
9.3

24,229
15,885
65.6
14,349
59.2
1,535
9.7

24,257
15,971
65.8
14,498
59.8
1,473
9.2

24,289
15,907
65.5
14,499
59.7
1,408
8.9

24,317
15,756
64.8
14,344
59.0
1,412
9.0

24,349
16,013
65.8
14,700
60.4
1,313
8.2

24,381
16,059
65.9
14,508
59.5
1,551
9.7

24,418
15,907
65.1
14,476
59.3
1,431
9.0

24,458
15,982
65.3
14,510
59.3
1,472
9.2

24,496
16,172
66.0
14,781
60.3
1,391
8.6

24,529
16,231
66.2
14,813
60.4
1,418
8.7

6,965
72.1
6,420
66.5
545
7.8

6,957
72.0
6,356
65.8
601
8.6

7,012
72.6
6,456
66.9
556
7.9

6,974
72.1
6,428
66.5
546
7.8

7,044
72.8
6,511
67.3
533
7.6

7,097
73.2
6,573
67.8
524
7.4

7,009
72.2
6,536
67.4
473
6.7

7,088
73.0
6,599
67.9
489
6.9

7,120
73.2
6,485
66.7
635
8.9

7,017
72.0
6,470
66.4
547
7.8

6,975
71.5
6,475
66.3
499
7.2

7,152
73.1
6,661
68.1
492
6.9

7,103
72.5
6,602
67.4
501
7.1

7,731
63.9
7,080
58.6
651
8.4

7,791
64.4
7,163
59.2
628
8.1

7,799
64.3
7,178
59.2
621
8.0

7,952
65.5
7,265
59.8
687
8.6

7,935
65.3
7,284
60.0
651
8.2

7,822
64.3
7,182
59.0
640
8.2

7,787
64.0
7,130
58.6
657
8.4

7,866
64.5
7,256
59.5
609
7.7

7,921
64.9
7,296
59.8
625
7.9

7,894
64.6
7,296
59.7
597
7.6

7,918
64.7
7,277
59.4
641
8.1

7,983
65.1
7,385
60.2
598
7.5

8,064
65.7
7,449
60.7
615
7.6

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutionai population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1997

Nov.

1998

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug. Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

942
39.2
628
26.1
314
33.3
35.0
31.9

961
39.8
630
26.1
331
34.4
36.2
33.1

977
40.5
683
28.3
294
30.1
31.8
28.5

959
39.6
656
27.1
302
31.5
34.7
28.4

992
40.9
703
29.0
289
29.1
27.8
30.3

988
40.6
744
30.6
244
24.7
23.9
25.3

960
39.4
678
27.8
283
29.4
30.2
28.8

1,060
43.4
846
34.6
214
20.2
20.4
20.1

1,018
41.6
727
29.7
291
28.6
30.6
26.4

996
40.6
709
28.9
287
28.8
29.7
28.1

1,089
44.3
758
30.8
332
30.4
34.1
26.8

1,037
42.2
735
29.9
302
29.1
35.1
23.8

1,063
43.2
762
31.0
302
28.4
34.4
22.1

20,575
13,880
67.5
12,921
62.8
959
6.9

20,629
13,973
67.7
12,921
62.6
1,052
7.5

20,741
13,954
67.3
12,988
62.6
966
6.9

20,798
14,149
68.0
13,181
63.4
968
6.8

20,851
14,298
68.6
13,305
63.8
993
6.9

20,915
14,369
68.7
13,434
64.2
935
6.5

20,975
14,458
68.9
13,480
64.3
978
6.8

21,036
14,420
68.5
13,328
63.4
1,092
7.6

21,097
14,240
67.5
13,219
62.7
1,022
7.2

21,159
14,277
67.5
13,203
62.4
1,074
7.5

21,224
14,484
68.2
13,413
63.2
1,071
7.4

21,286
14,418
67.7
13,381
62.9
1,036
7.2

21,349
14,326
67.1
13,318
62.4
1,008
7.0

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics




are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised
population controls used in the household survey.

16

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

Educational attainment
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

29,505 29,566 29,981 29,228 29,251 29,638 29,931 30,064 29,027 29,204 29,290 28,713 29,084
12,511 12,555 12,682 12,555 12,392 12,664 12,690 12,888 12,548 12,450 12,597 12,321 12,424
42.4
42.9
42.4
43.2
42.4
43.0
42.7
42.7
43.0
42.6
42.5
42.3
42.9
11,575 11,606 11,771 11,676 11,500 11,773 11,839 11,963 11,648 11,567 11,728 11,483 11,525
39.8
39.3
39.9
39.7
39.6
39.6
40.1
39.2
39.3
39.3
39.6
40.0
40.0
925
891
851
879
891
883
901
936
949
911
899
869
838
6.7
7.2
7.2
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.5
7.6
7.2
7.2
6.9
6.8

High school graduates, no college2
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

57,310 57,631 57,606 57,418 57,885 57,484 57,706 57,446 57,374 57,729 57,589 57,666 57,273
37,641 37,827 37,787 37,807 37,931 37,340 37,496 37,096 37,219 37,381 37,218 37,606 37,444
64.6
65.5
64.9
65.7
65.8
65.4
65.0
65.6
65.6
65.0
65.2
64.6
64.8
36,193 36,287 36,303 36,302 36,331 35,885 36,114 35,602 35,694 35,898 35,693 36,106 35,980
62.0
63.2
62.8
62.2
63.2
63.0
63.0
62.4
62.6
62.8
62.0
62.2
62.6
1,494
1,600
1,525
1,505
1,454
1,525
1,483
1,383
1,448
1,540
1,485
1,500
1,465
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.2
3.7
4.1
3.9
4.0
3.9
3.9
4.0
3.8

Less than a bachelor's degree3
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

,

42,417 42,085 41,718 42,527 42,313 42,303 42,024 41,880 42,293 41,842 41,769 42,573 42,863
31,544 31,506 31,440 31,505 31,515 31,517 31,408 31,227 31,174 30,863 31,152 31,221 31,901
73.7
74.4
74.6
74.6
73.8
74.5
74.7
74.4
74.1
74.5
73.3
74.9
75.4
30,574 30,484 30,429 30,538 30,471 30,669 30,437 30,333 30,224 29,987 30,216 30,280 31,001
71.7
72.4
72.0
72.4
71.8
72.5
72.4
71.1
72.3
72.3
71.5
72.1
72.9
894
971
967 1,043
937
876
950
848
940
900
1,011
970 1,022
2.9
2.7
2.8
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.0
2.8
3.0
3.1

College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
2
3

41,739 41,822 41,974 42,238 42,085 42,197 42,090 42,464 43,309 43,431 43,669 43,520 43,408
33,505 33,678 33,685 33,672 33,777 33,989 33,920 34,274 34,721 34,847 35,015 34,813 34,528
80.7
79.7
80.2
80.2
80.2
80.5
80.3
80.0
79.5
80.6
80.5
80.3
80.3
32,916 33,083 33,040 33,029 33,145 33,419 33,364 33,674 34,146 34,236 34,453 34,132 33,875
78.4
79.3
78.2
79.2
78.8
78.9
78.0
78.8
79.3
78.8
79.1
78.7
78.9
571
632
562
652
611
556
600
575
643
681
595
645
589
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.7
1.9
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.8

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.




17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age

1997

Nov.

1998

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

107,491 107,452 107,777 107,788 107,696 108,107 108,155 107,607 107,737 108,136 108,565 108,435 109,003
63,014 62,829 62,909 62,810 62,740 63,092 63,098 63,098 63,117 63,164 63,124 63,367 63,800
61,672 61,505 61,652 61,534 61,434 61,810 61,742 61,680 61,682 61,789 61,901 62,014 62,381
44,452 44,589 44,741 44,869 44,855 44,957 44,983 44,599 44,794 45,124 45,377 45,061 45,228
43,546 43,691 43,856 43,898 43,810 43,997 44,017 43,694 43,749 44,012 44,318 44,164 44,346
2,356
2,452
2,300
2,233
2,273
2,256
2,396
2,306
2,335
2,346
2,257
2,268
2,277

23,222
7,424
5,296
15,770
13,232
4,694

23,494
7,466
5,236
16,045
13,468
4,790

23,187
7,488
5,337
15,699
13,257
4,593

22,875
7,315

13,382
4,742

23,201
7,641
5,404
15,580
13,099
4,698

5,070
2,610
2,386
2,369
2,137
547

5,126
2,725
2,462
2,322
2,050
613

4,690
2,461
2,167
2,252
1,993
530

4,784
2,662
2,250
2,160
1,916
617

4,905
2,769
2,409
2,224
1,920
576

1,339
549
206
760
505
627

1,279
583
220
708
443
615

1,409
582
234
806
536
640

1,170
504
228
686
426
516

1,157
494
180
679
415
562

1,300
566
182
757
490
628

4.6
4.5
4.2
4.7
4.2
21.0

4.5
4.0
3.8
4.9
4.6
19.1

4.5
4.0
3.7
5.0
4.6
18.8

4.5
4.2
3.9
4.9
4.5
20.0

4.2
3.8
3.4
4.8
4.3
18.7

4.2
4.0
3.5
4.6
4.2
20.5

4.4
4.2
3.8
4.8
4.2
20.5

4.4
4.4
3.9
4.4
4.1
19.3

4.4
4.2
3.7
4.7
4.3
20.4

5.0
6.3
4.0
4.5
3.3
10.8

5.4
6.8
3.8
4.6
3.7
11.5

5.2
7.2
4.0
4.3
3.3
11.5

5.7
7.2
4.2
4.8
3.8
11.9

4.8
6.2
4.0
4.2
3.2
9.9

4.7
6.2
3.3
4.1
3.0
10.7

5.2
7.0
3.4
4.5
3.5
11.6

5.3
6.8
4.0
4.6
3.6
11.0

5.4
6.8
3.8
4.6
3.4
12.4

23,373
7,469
5,273
15,833
13,258
4,842

23,249
7,547
5,319
15,704
13,175
4,755

23,428
7,550
5,305
15,901

13,447
4,571

23,422
7,459
5,257
16,014
13,559
4,606

Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4,987
2,834
2,466
2,205
1,905
616

5,203
2,994
2,689
2,220
1,914
600

5,075
2,645
2,438
2,296
2,102
536

Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

1,329
551
226
779
499
604

1,238
502
220
753
462
556

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4.4
4.3
3.8
4.7
4.2
21.3

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5.4
6.9
4.1
4.7
3.6
11.7

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

23,244
7,432
5,226
15,802

5,139
15,594

23,327
7,708
5,397
15,637

13,227
4,509

13,128
4,802

23,299
7,471
5,291
15,840
13,219
4,789

4,957
2,876
2,515
2,041
1,892
550

4,941
2,752
2,368
2,219
1,976
597

4,963
2,849
2,413
2,151
1,926
624

4,903
2,724
2,336
2,229
1,951
616

4,714
2,584
2,197
2,208
1,934
583

1,285
545
224
751
494
568

1,301
530
202
748
461
638

1,305
577
214
697
416
675

1,399
611
238
769
438
723

1,357
581
221
111
471
665

4.4
4.3
3.8
4.5
4.2
21.0

4.3
4.1
3.6
4.7
4.2
21.4

4.1
3.9
3.4
4.7
4.2
20.4

5.3
7.0
3.8
4.3
3.1
12.3

5.7
7.6
4.3
4.6
3.2
13.1

5.5
7.1
4.0
4.7
3.5
12.2

23,240
7,568
5,341
15,676
13,117
4,783

UNEMPLOYED

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over

1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.




NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

18

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1997

1998

Category
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

130,575 130,777 131,083 131,163 130,994 131,383 131,453 131,209 131,067 131,168 131,765 131,677 132,154
42,967 42,952 42,977 42,915 42,779 42,865 42,471 42,539 42,837 42,833 43,255 43,081
43,310
32,840 32,975 32,793 32,821 32,872 32,973 32,805 32,805 32,658 32,597 32,870 33,087 32,902
7,784
7,884
7,848
7,726
7,822
7,813
7,922
7,776
7,932
8,002
7,846
7,928
7,948

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

37,986

38,205

38,099

38,164

38,454

38,643

38,641

38,732

39,011

38,916

39,607

39,732

39,459

38,540
17,827
14,191
18,467
3,512

38,562
17,890
14,299
18,394
3,472

38,382
18,162
14,285
18,622
3,355

38,491
17,950
14,456
18,632
3,436

38,693
17,752
14,656
18,179
3,269

38,585
17,478
14,673
18,447
3,495

38,401
17,749
14,853
18,322
3,479

38,567
17,873
14,509
18,120
3,503

38,500
17,584
14,312
18,145
3,503

38,889
17,727
14,079
17,866
3,618

38,485
17,961
13,963
18,047
3,621

38,441
17,630
14,115
18,154
3,683

38,452
18,083
14,551
18,022
3,589

1,855
1,493
49

1,844
1,496
54

1,949
1,348
44

1,928
1,324
41

1,866
1,242
32

1,987
1,324
28

1,871
1,395
51

1,841
1,470
48

2,018
1,383
30

2,165
1,345
28

2,213
1,280
43

2,309
1,265
32

2,017
1,305
41

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

118,083 118,403 118,529 118,961 119,131 118,774 119,013 118,654 118,543 118,676 118,978 118,990 119,702
99,913 100,155 100,108 100,583 101,058 100,571 100,979 100,157 100,179 100,419 100,563 100,441 101,064
1,015
1,035
1,022
1,014
961
974
975
985
946
900
940
910
853
99,003 99,209 99,123 99,547 100,037 99,557 99,964 99,195 99,205 99,566 99,663 99,502 100,089
18,364 18,257 18,415 18,549 18,637
18,170 18,248 18,421 18,378 18,072 18,202 18,034 18,497
9,023
8,784
8,969
8,942
8,964
8,761
9,069
9,094
9,064
9,004
8,886
8,947
9,159
97
102
100
114
131
117
124
91
97
99
83
85
91

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

3,890
2,221
1,386
18,083

3,855
2,230
1,323
18,386

4,082
2,282
1,400
18,515

3,882
2,123
1,455
18,407

3,902
2,188
1,445
18,448

3,735
2,074
1,300
18,084

3,772
2,104
1,344
18,662

3,837
2,230
1,246
18,665

3,783
2,372
1,192
18,584

3,463
1,989
1,175
18,648

3,365
1,897
1,152
18,857

3,362
2,042
1,099
18,641

3,281
1,874
1,147
18,604

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

3,689
2,100
1,346
17,486

3,654
2,113
1,291
17,791

3,865
2,162
1,373
17,898

3,743
2,025
1,433
17,786

3,726
2,057
1,416
17,929

3,608
1,998
1,276
17,470

3,630
2,024
1,315
18,067

3,676
2,151
1,199
18,019

3,632
2,261
1,162
17,972

3,307
1,900
1,143
18,001

3,152
1,779
1,113
18,305

3,216
1,933
1,081
18,082

3,131
1,789
1,120
18,093

1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full
time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as




holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1998

1997
Age and sex
Nov.
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

130,575 130,777 131,083 131,163 130,994 131,383 131,453 131,209 131,067 131,168 131,765 131,677 132,154
19,257 19,304 19,574 19,587 19,563 19,691 19,597 19,587 19,412 19,383 19,686 19,715 19,734
7,088
7,010
7,027
7,028
6,846
6,798
7,007
7,035
7,055
7,023
7,015
7,145
6,981
2,685
2,741
2,755
2,803
2,676
2,680
2,823
2,843
2,840
2,695
2,695
2,804
2,699
4,421
4,287
4,293
4,224
4,176
4,118
4,173
4,193
4,215
4,317
4,300
4,338
4,255
12,459 12,458 12,539 12,560 12,508 12,684 12,587 12,499 12,385 12,402 12,541 12,700 12,712
111,251 111,445 111,463 111,505 111,398 111,755 111,855 111,635 111,680 111,722 112,091 112,056 112,336
94,859 94,941 95,125 95,099 95,055 95,148 95,217 95,124 95,087 95,207 95,320 95,211 95,599
16,523 16,367 16,401 16,388 16,475 16,562 16,442 16,620 16,574 16,812 16,772 16,788
16,417
70,352

70,195

70,518

70,459

70,297

70,831

70,685

70,570

70,605

70,441

70,751

70,797

71,266

10,070
3,528

10,010

10,167
3,544
1,452
2,093
6,622
60,117

10,126
3,495

2,088

9,048

8,991

6,733
60,520
51,357
9,114

2,121
6,631
60,543
9,226

3,541
1,360
2,160
6,544
60,364
51,135
9,223

10,184
3,566
1,395

10,361

1,375

10,075
3,565
1,402
2,175
6,510
60,542
51,203
9,336

10,223
3,556

1,444

10,236
3,620
1,368
2,263
6,616
60,346
51,161
9,122

10,085

3,529

1,377
2,151
6,491
60,168
51,034
9,151

10,132
3,470
1,397
2,080
6,662
60,315
51,201
9,087

10,263

1,401
2,128
6,542
60,234
51,125
9,152

10,178
3,510
1,472
2,041
6,668
60,288
51,235

9,409

1,325
2,217
6,667
60,676
51,265
9,359

1,378
2,214
6,753
60,868
51,644
9,293

60,223

60,582

60,565

60,704

60,697

60,553

60,768

60,640

60,462

60,727

61,014

60,881

60,888

9,187
3,270
1,279
1,990
5,917

9,294
3,327
1,299
2,025
5,967
51,277
43,907
7,372

9,396
3,525
1,371

9,455

9,397
3,511

9,429
3,478
1,380
2,086

9,471

9,351
3,468
1,317
2,158
5,883

9,337
3,462
1,353
2,119
5,875
51,138
43,884
7,284

9,299
3,441
1,339
2,095
5,858
51,358
44,072
7,351

9,503
3,579
1,409
2,184
5,924
51,499
44,137
7,403

9,492

9,373
3,415

51,017
43,734
7,265

3,519

51,144

3,558

2,152

1,406
2,144

5,871
51,175
43,890
7,319

5,898

1,388
2,122
5,886

51,190
43,898
7,314

51,281
43,910
7,397

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Apr.

51,315

3,515
1,366

2,166
5,956

5,951
51,235

51,311

43,791
7,361

43,902
7,336

51,289
43,963
7,320

2,154

6,617
60,593
51,183

3,459
1,370
2,082
6,033
51,380

43,946
7,414

3,608

1,316

2,103
5,959
51,469
43,955

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

20

7,496

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1997

1998

Age and sex

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years

18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

6,289

6,392

6,409

6,393

6,529

5,859

5,910

6,237

6,230

6,247

6,310

6,299

6,099

2,360
1,218
574
646
1,142
3,923
3,461
472

2,300
1,138
576
555
1,162
4,149
3,659
480

2,371
1,154
596
549
1,218
4,019
3,588
459

2,378
1,207
638
538
1,171
4,018
3,571
450

2,335
1,245
579
670
1,090
4,184
3,712
486

2,063
1,052
506
546
1,011
3,751
3,293
426

2,184
1,156
514
650
1,028
3,758
3,372
407

2,318
1,215
597
618
1,103
3,901
3,480
427

2,230
1,120
494
637
1,109
3,940
3,460
479

2,417
1,232
557
678
1,185
3,853
3,391
450

2,438
1,297
611
696
1,141
3,888
3,421
471

2,324
1,336
623
710
988
3,970
3,520
456

2,165
1,248
606
650
917
3,898
3,374
529

3,330

3,467

3,333

3,320

3,399

2,969

3,098

3,249

3,422

3,253

3,414

3,294

3,138

1,325
654
312
349
671
2,005
1,727
278

1,250
582
310
268
668
2,213
1,896
325

1,278
689
330
357
588
2,050
1,785
289

1,348
709
371
313
639
1,975
1,718
268

1,282
700
330
374
582
2,102
1,828
285

1,105
573
253
320
532
1,854
1,602
244

1,250
664
300
370
586
1,875
1,639
225

1,246
653
363
303
592
1,991
1,762
231

1,293
672
294
371
621
2,104
1,816
283

1,301
664
311
357
637
1,979
1,729
241

1,403
769
365
401
634
2,002
1,715
296

1,259
720
369
347
539
2,036
1,764
271

1,190
720
348
379
470
1,926
1,620
300

2,959

2,925

3,076

3,073

3,130

2,890

2,813

2,989

2,808

2,994

2,896

3,004

2,961

1,035
564
262
297
471
1,918
1,734
194

1,050
556
266
287
494
1,936
1,763
155

1,094
464
266
191
629
1,969
1,802
170

1,030
498
267
225
532
2,043
1,853
181

1,053
545
249
296
508
2,082
1,884
201

958
479
253
226
479
1,897
1,692
182

935
493
214
280
442
1,883
1,733
182

1,073
562
235
315
511
1,910
1,718
196

937
448
200
266
489
1,836
1,644
196

1,116
568
246
322
548
1,874
1,663
209

1,036
528
246
295
508
1,886
1,706
175

1,066
617
254
363
449
1,934
1,756
185

975
528
257
271
447
1,972
1,754
229

N O T E : Beginning in January 1998, data reflect n e w composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1998

1997
Age and sex
Nov.

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

4.6

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.7

4.3

4.3

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.6

4.6

4.4

10.9
15.2
17.6
13.6
8.4
3.4
3.5
2.8

10.6
14.3
17.7
11.7
8.5
3.6
3.7
2.8

10.8
14.1
17.3
11.6
8.9
3.5
3.6
2.7

10.8
14.7
18.5
11.3
8.5
3.5
3.6
2.7

10.7
15.0
16.9
13.7
8.0
3.6
3.8
2.9

9.5
13.1
15.2
11.6
7.4
3.2
3.3
2.5

10.0
14.2
15.8
13.2
7.6
3.3
3.4
2.4

10.6
14.6
18.2
12.3
8.1
3.4
3.5
2.5

10.3
13.8
15.2
12.9
8.2
3.4
3.5
2.8

11.1
15.0
17.1
13.8
8.7
3.3
3.4
2.6

11.0
15.4
17.9
13.8
8.3
3.4
3.5
2.7

10.5
16.0
18.8
14.2
7.2
3.4
3.6
2.6

9.9
15.1
18.4
13.1
6.7
3.4
3.4
3.1

4.5

4.7

4.5

4.5

4.6

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.4

4.6

4.4

4.2

11.6
15.6
18.2
14.1
9.3
3.2
3.3
2.9

11.1
14.2
18.4
11.1
9.3
3.5
3.6
3.4

11.2
16.4
18.3
14.9
8.1
3.3
3.4
3.1

11.7
17.0
21.0
13.1
8.7
3.2
3.2
2.9

11.2
16.5
18.5
15.2
8.1
3.4
3.5
3.1

9.7
14.0
14.9
13.3
7.3
3.0
3.0
2.6

11.0
16.0
17.9
14.8
8.1
3.0
3.1
2.4

10.8
15.3
21.0
11.8
8.2
3.2
3.3
2.5

11.4
15.9
17.3
14.6
8.7
3.4
3.4
2.9

11.4
15.8
18.6
14.2
8.9
3.2
3.3
2.5

12.1
17.7
20.7
15.7
8.7
3.2
3.2
3.1

11.0
16.8
21.8
13.5
7.5
3.2
3.3
2.8

10.3
16.6
20.2
14.6
6.5
3.1
3.0
3.1

4.7

4.6

4.8

4.8

4.9

4.6

4.4

4.7

4.4

4.7

4.5

4.7

4.6

10.1
14.7
17.0
13.0
7.4
3.6
3.8
2.6

10.2
14.3
17.0
12.4
7.6
3.6
3.9
2.1

10.4
11.6
16.3
8.2
9.7
3.7
3.9
2.3

9.8
12.3
16.0
9.5
8.3
3.8
4.1
2.4

10.1
13.4
15.2
12.2
7.9
3.9
4.1
2.6

9.2
12.1
15.5
9.8
7.5
3.6
3.7
2.4

9.0
12.3
13.5
11.4
6.9
3.5
3.8
2.4

10.3
13.9
15.1
12.7
8.0
3.6
3.8
2.6

9.1
11.5
12.9
11.2
7.7
3.5
3.6
2.6

10.7
14.2
15.5
13.3
8.6
3.5
3.6
2.8

9.8
12.9
14.8
11.9
7.9
3.5
3.7
2.3

10.1
15.1
15.6
14.8
6.9
3.6
3.8
2.4

9.4
13.4
16.4
11.4
7.0
3.7
3.8
3.0

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Apr.

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

22

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)

1997

1998

Category
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

4.6
3.9
4.0
15.2

4.7
4.1
4.0
14.3

4.7
3.8
4.4
14.1

4.6
3.8
4.3
14.7

4.7
3.9
4.3

4.3
3.4
4.1

4.5
3.7
4.1

4.5
3.9
4.0

13.1

14.6

13.8

4.5
3.7
4.1
15.0

4.6
3.8
4.0
15.4

4.6
3.7
4.0
16.0

4.4
3.5
4.1

15.0

4.3
3.5
3.9
14.2

15.1

White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

3.9
8.4
9.7
6.9

3.9
8.6
9.9
7.5

4.0
8.3
9.3
6.9

3.9
8.3
9.7
6.8

4.1
8.2
9.2
6.9

3.6
7.5
8.9
6.5

3.7
7.6
9.0
6.8

4.0
7.3
8.2
7.6

3.8
8.3
9.7
7.2

4.0
7.6
9.0
7.5

3.9
8.0
9.2
7.4

4.0
7.6
8.6
7.2

3.8
7.6
8.7
7.0

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

2.4
2.8
8.1

2.6
2.8
7.7

2.6
3.1
7.6

2.5
3.1
7.6

2.5
3.3
7.6

2.2
2.8
7.6

2.4
2.8
7.7

2.2
2.9
6.9

2.3
2.8
6.8

2.4
3.2
6.8

2.3
2.6
7.6

2.3
2.8
6.9

2.2
3.0
7.0

1.7
3.9
4.5
7.1
6.6

1.9
4.0
4.7
7.0
7.2

2.0
4.2
4.6
5.9
6.8

2.0
4.0
4.1
6.5
6.3

1.8
4.1
4.5
6.9
7.1

1.9
3.7
3.7
6.1
5.8

1.7
3.9
4.4
6.5
6.4

1.7
3.9
4.3
6.9
6.5

1.7
3.8
4.4
6.9
7.0

1.9
3.7
4.6
6.7
5.5

1.8
3.9
4.3
7.2
7.5

2.0
3.9
4.0
6.8
5.1

1.7
3.7
4.0
6.7
6.1

4.7
4.6
3.3
7.9
3.6
3.1
4.4
4.7
3.1
6.2
2.4
4.4
2.3
8.6

4.8
5.0
3.3
8.9
3.8
3.1
4.9
4.7
3.3
5.8
2.8
4.5
2.1
9.7

4.7
4.8
4.0
7.9
3.9
3.4
4.5
4.7
3.8
5.9
2.6
4.3
2.4
10.6

4.7
4.7
2.6
7.8
3.7
2.9
5.0
4.7
3.2
5.8
2.6
4.7
2.3
8.6

4.7
5.0
3.7
8.6
3.8
3.6
4.2
4.6
3.3
5.4
2.6
4.7
2.9
9.7

4.3
4.4
2.3
6.3
3.9
3.5
4.4
4.3
3.1
5.2
2.2
4.3
2.0
8.0

4.5
4.6
1.3
8.0
3.6
3.0
4.6
4.5
3.0
5.1
2.0
4.8
2.4
7.9

4.7
4.7
3.9
8.0
3.6
2.9
4.6
4.7
3.6
5.7
2.1
4.7
2.0
8.1

4.6
4.9
3.7
6.7
4.4
4.3
4.5
4.5
3.4
5.6
2.0
4.5
2.5
8.2

4.7
4.8
3.9
7.4
3.9
3.7
4.4
4.7
3.7
5.6
2.7
4.7
2.2
7.0

4.8
5.3
3.0
9.0
4.1
3.8
4.6
4.6
3.6
5.8
2.3
4.4
2.3
7.9

4.7
4.6
2.2
6.5
4.0
3.1
5.3
4.7
3.5
5.7
2.5
4.8
2.2
6.3

4.5
4.6
2.1
7.4
3.7
3.0
4.7
4.5
3.1
5.2
2.9
4.7
2.0
7.4

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

Reason
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

2,886
815
2,071
655
2,229
560

2,991
961
2,030
692
2,170
552

2,807
860
1,947
808
2,229
518

2,795
821
1,975
786
2,266
543

2,980
980
2,000
744
2,215
549

2,631
696
1,935
625
2,096
511

2,772
786
1,986
748
2,033
493

2,819
841
1,978
766
2,096
532

2,908
966
1,941
799
2,042
463

2,852
978
1,874
740
2,132
503

2,902
939
1,963
724
2,195
487

2,815
831
1,984
734
2,170
589

2,743
844
1,900
654
2,156
545

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

45.6
12.9
32.7
10.3
35.2
8.8

46.7
15.0
31.7
10.8
33.9
8.6

44.1
13.5
30.6
12.7
35.0
8.1

43.7
12.8
30.9
12.3
35.5
8.5

45.9
15.1
30.8
11.5
34.1
8.5

44.9
11.9
33.0
10.7
35.7
8.7

45.8
13.0
32.8
12.4
33.6
8.2

45.4
13.5
31.8
12.3
33.7
8.6

46.8
15.6
31.3
12.9
32.9
7.5

45.8
15.7
30.1
11.9
34.2
8.1

46.0
14.9
31.1
11.5
34.8
7.7

44.6
13.2
31.5
11.6
34.4
9.3

45.0
13.8
31.2
10.7
35.4
8.9

2.1
.5
1.6
.4

2.2
.5
1.6
.4

2.0
.6
1.6
.4

2.0
.6
1.6
.4

2.2
.5
1.6
.4

1.9
.5
1.5
.4

2.0
.5
1.5
.4

2.1
.6
1.5
.4

2.1
.6
1.5
.3

2.1
.5
1.6
.4

2.1
.5
1.6
.4

2.0
.5
1.6
.4

2.0
.5
1.6
.4

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE:

Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

A-13. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1997
Duration
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov

2,423
2,048
1,865
899
966

2,531
1,922
1,964
936
1,028

2,488
1,971
1,811
773
1,038

2,622
1,909
1,830
855
974

2,858
1,979
1,731
841
891

2,632
1,901
1,417
584
833

2,634
1,954
1,462
656
806

2,519
2,084
1,621
852
769

2,625
1,983
1,600
793
807

2,675
1,960
1,647
820
827

2,639
1,999
1,651
733
918

2,857
1,841
1,589
699
890

2,468
2,038
1,630
742
888

15.6
7.8

16.3
7.7

15.6
7.4

15.6
7.2

14.3
6.8

14.3
6.4

14.6
5.9

13.8
6.6

14.3
6.6

13.5
6.9

14.3
6.6

14.3
5.8

14.6
6.7

100.0
38 2
32.3
29.4
14.2
15.2

100.0
39.4
30.0
30.6
14.6
16.0

100.0
39.7
31.4
28.9
12.3
16.6

100.0
41.2
30.0
28.8
13.4
15.3

100.0
43.5
30.1
26.4
12.8
13.6

100.0
44.2
31.9
23.8
9.8
14.0

100.0
43.5
32.3
24.2
10.8
13.3

100.0
40.5
33.5
26.0
13.7
12.4

100.0
42.3
31.9
25.8
12.8
13.0

100.0
42.6
31.2
26.2
13.0
13.2

100.0
42.0
31.8
26.2
11.7
14.6

100.0
45.4
29.3
25.3
11.1
14.2

100.0
40.2
33.2
26.6
12.1
14.5

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
NOTE:

Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




24

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
November 1998
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Unemployed
Not

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

labor
force

TOTAL
206,104

16 years and over

16 to 19 years

15,777
7,889
7,887

16 to 17 years

18 to 19years

17,699
117,731

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years

38,514

25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years

18,573
19,941
44,416
22,398

35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

22,017
34,801
19,004
15,797

45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

138,288
7,897
3,106
4,791
13,521
99,345
32,722
15,902
16,820
37,725

18,906
18,819
28,898
16,183
12,715

22,617
12,429

13,547

10,188
32,280
9,376
8,508
14,396

4,851
3,978
2,114
1,110
753

99,217
8,025
4,039
3,986
8,869
57,854
18,994
9,133
9,861
21,890
11,042
10,849
16,970
9.301
7,669
10,828
5.982
4,847
13,640
4,279
3,771
5,590

74,162
4,097

8,696

67.1
50.1
39.4
60.7
76.4
84.4
85.0
85.6
84.3
84.9
84.4
85.5
83.0
85.2
80.5
59.9
70.0
47.6
12.3
22.6
13.0
5.2

132,577
6,744

74.7
51.1
39.4
62.9
80.2
92.0
93.5
93.4
93.5
93.1
93.6
92.5
89.1
90.8
87.0
68.3
78.0
56.4
16.9
28.1
16.9
8.3

71,256
3,447

64.3
42.7
32.7
52.7
71.6
81.7
81.6
81.9
81.4
82.3
81.6
83.0
80.9
82.8
78.7
58.3
68.2
46.1
11.9
21.8
12.7
4.9

3,226
180
81
99
332
2,047
676
331
345
819
433
386
552
313
238
374
220
154
292
119
81
92

129,351
6,564
2,502
4,062
12,333
94,108
30,761
14,878
15,883
35,731
17,848
17,883
27,615
15,421
12,195
12,801
8,256
4,546
3,545
1,925
1.002
618

5,711
1,153
523
630
856
3,190
1,285
693
591
1,175
625
550
731
449
282
372
220
152
140
70
27
44

4.1
14.6
16.8
13.2
6.3
3.2
3.9
4.4
3.5
3.1
3.3
2.9
2.5
2.8
2.2
2.7
2.5
3.1
3.5
3.3
2.4
5.8

67,816
7,880
4.783
3,097
4,179
18.386
5.792
2.671
3.121
6.691
3.493
3.198
5,903
2.821
3,082
9.070
3,733
5,337
28,302
7,261
7,398
13.643

2,488
151
69
82
288
1,553
529
271
259
644
353
291
379
223
157
264
157
107
232
94
60
77

68,768
3,296
1,225
2,071
6,376
50,174
16,590
7,922
8,667
19,192

7,185
4,537
2,648
2,233
1,170
625
437

71.8
43.0
32.0
54.0
75.1
89.4
90.1
89.7
90.5
90.6
91.0
90.2
87.1
88.6
85.1
66.4
75.9
54.6
16.4
27.3
16.6
7.8

1,076
565
360

2,906
650
297
353
451
1,519
631
338
293
538
286
252
349
204
145
215
131
85
71
34
13
25

3.9
15.9
18.7
14.1
6.3
2.9
3.6
4.0
3.2
2.6
2.8
2.5
2.3
2.4
2.2
2.9
2.8
3.1
3.1
2.8
2.0
5.3

25,056
3,928
2,448
1,480
1,755
4,608
1,243
602
641
1,516
706
811
1,848
853
995
3,428
1,314
2,114
11,336
3,076
3,133
5.128

61,321
3,297
1,289
2,008
6,001
44,427
14,318
7,016
7,302
16,714
8,231
8,483
13,395
7,490
5,905
5,990
3,939
2,052
1,605
874
458
272

57.4
42.5
33.5
51.5
68.0
74.2
73.4
74.3
72.4
74.2
72.5
76.0
75.1
77.2
72.6
50.8
61.1
38.4
8.6
17.2
9.7
3.1

738
29
12
17
44
494
147
60
86
175
80
95
172
91
82
110
63
47
61
25
21
15

60,583
3,268
1,277
1,991
5,957
43,934
14,172
6,956
7,216
16,539
8,152
8,388
13,223
7,400
5.823
5,880
3,876
2,005
1,544
849
437
258

2,805
503
225
277
405
1,671
653
356
298
637
339
298
381
245
137
157
90
67
69
37
14
19

4.4
13.2
14.9
12.1
6.3
3.6
4.4
4.8
3.9
3.7
4.0
3.4
2.8
3.2
2.3
2.5
2.2
3.2
4.1
4.0
2.9
6.5

42,761
3,952
2,335
1,616
2,423
13,778
4,548
2,068
2,480
5,174
2,787
2,387
4,055
1,968
2,087
5,642
2,419
3,223
16,966
4.186
4,265
8.515

2,584
4,161
12,665

96,155
31,437
15,209
16,228
36,550
18,281

18,269
28,167

15,734
12,433
13,175
8,476

4,699
3,838
2,044
1,083
710

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years

25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

1,592
2,506
7,114

53,246
17,751
8,531
9,219
20,374
10,336
10,038
15,122
8,448
6,674
7,400
4,668
2,732
2,304

1.204
638
462

1,294
2,153
6,664
51,727

17,119
8,193
8,926
19,836
10,050

9,786
14,772
8,244
6,528

9,495
14,393
8,021
6,372
6,921
4.380
2,541

2,001

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years

18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years

55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years

70 to 74 years
75 years and over

106,887
7,752
3,850
3,902
8,830

59,876
19,520
9,440
10,080
22,525
11.357
11.169
17,831
9,703
8,128
11,789
6,447
5,341
18,640
5,097
4,737
8,806

64,126
3.800
1.515
2,285
6,406
46,099
14,972
7,371
7,600
17,351
8,570
8,781
13,776
7,735
6,042
6,147
4,028
2,119

1,674
911
472
291

60.0
49.0
39.3
58.6
72.6
77.0
76.7
78.1
75.4
77.0
75.5
78.6
77.3
79.7
74.3
52.1
62.5
39.7
9.0
17.9
10.0
3.3

See footnotes at end of table.




25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
November 1998
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Unemployed
Not

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

labor
force

WHITE
172,084

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

12,551
6,263

115,804
6,629
2,658

6,288

3,972

14,220
97,121

11,168
82,614
26,488

30,980
14,882
16,098
36,706

18,490

12,859
13,629

31,405
15,732

18,216

15,673

29,435

24,721
13,707

15,915
13,520
19,563

10,737
8,826
28,628
8,087
7,558

11,014
11,829
7,577
4,252
3,563
1,867

12,984

1,002
694

83,682
6,439
3,232
3,207
7,214
48,413
15,497
7,440
8,056

63,169
3,462
1,368
2,095
6,035
45,071
14,625
7,010
7,616

18,363
9,256
9,107

17,280
8,772
8,509

14,553
7,901
6,652
9,459
5,220
4,239
12,156
3,738
3,360
5,057

13,165
7,292
5.873
6,535

88,402
6,112
3,031
3,081
7,006
48,708

52,634
3,167
1,290
1,877
5,134
37,544
11,863
5,850
6,013
14,125
6,960
7,165

67.3
52.8
42.4
63.2
78.5
85.1
85.5
86.4
84.7
85.6
85.1
86.0
84.0
86.1
81.5
60.5
70.6
48.2
12.4
23.1
13.3
5.3

111,692
5,789

75.5
53.8
42.3
65.3
83.6
93.1
94.4
94.2
94.5
94.1
94.8
93.4
90.5
92.3
88.3
69.1
78.9
57.0
17.0
28.7
16.7
8.5

61,032
2,991
1,136
1,855
5,706

59.5
51.8
42.5
60.9
73.3
77.1
76.6
78.6
74.8
77.0
75.4
78.7
77.7
80.0
74.9
52.4
62.7
40.0
9.1
18.3
10.5
3.3

50,661
2,798
1,128
1,670
4,878
36.382

2,264
3,525
10,584
80,356
25,644
12,378

13,265
30,578

15,294
15,283

24,135
13,364
10,771
11,512
7,398
4,114
3,451
1,821
976
654

64.9
46.1
36.1
56.1
74.4
82.7
82.8
83.2
82.4
83.3
82.7
83.9
82.0
84.0
79.7
58.8
68.9
46.6
12.1
22.5
12.9
5.0

3,033
170
76
94
316
1,903
636
320
316
762
403
359
504
290
215
365
212
153
280
117
74
88

108,659
5,619
2,187
3,431
10,268
78,454
25,007
12,058
12,949
29,815
14,891
14,924
23,631
13,075
10,556
11,147
7,186
3,961
3,171
1,704
901
566

4,112
840
394
446
585
2,258
844
481
363
828
437
390
586
343
243
317
179
138
112
46
26
40

3.6
12.7
14.8
11.2
5.2
2.7
3.2
3.7
2.7
2.6
2.8
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.2
2.7
2.4
3.2
3.2
2.5
2.6
5.8

56,280
5,922
3,606
2,317
3,052
14,507
4,492
2,023
2,469
5,301
2,758
2,543
4,714
2,208
2,506
7,734
3.160
4,575
25,065
6,220
6,556
12,289

72.9
46.4
35.1
57.8
79.1
90.8
91.7
91.1
92.2
92.0
92.5
91.6
88.4
90.2
86.3
67.2
76.8
55.3
16.5
28.0
16.4
8.1

2,334
144
67
77
274
1,438
502
262
240
599
328
271
337
200
137
258
152
106
221
92
54
75

58,697
2,847
1,069
1,778
5,432
42,537

2,138
472
232
240
329
1,096
422
230
191
379
212
167
295
163
132
182
109
73
59
25
12
22

3.4
13.6
17.0
11.5
5.4
2.4
2.9
3.3
2.5
2.2
2.4
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.8
2.7
3.0
2.9
2.4
2.1
5.0

20,512
2,977
1,864
1,113
1,180
3,342
871
431
441
1,083
485
598
1,388
609
779
2,924
1,104
1,821
10,089
2,666
2,798
4.625

57.3
45.8
37.2
54.2
69.6
74.7
73.9
75.2
72.6
74.6
72.9
76.2
75.7
77.8
73.2
51.1
61.5
38.6
8.8
17.8
10.1
3.1

26
9
17
41
465
134
58
76
163
76
88
167
90
77
107
60
47
59
25
21
14

1,974
368
162
207
256
1,162
423
251
172
449
225
223
291
180
111
134
69
65
53
21
14
19

3.7
11.6
12.6
11.0
5.0
3.1
3.6
4.3
2.9
3.2
3.2
3.1
2.5
2.8
2.2
2.5
2.0
3.5
3.6
2.6
3.2
7.2

35,768
2,945
1,742
1,204
1,872
11,165
3,621
1,592
2,029
4,218
2,273
1,944
3,326
1,599
1,727
4,810
2,056
2,754
14,976
3,553
3,758
7.664

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

4,117

2,418
2,067
1,072
563
432

43,975
14,204
6,779
7,424
16,901
8,560
8,342
12,870
7,129
5,741
6,353
4,008
2,345
2,008

1.047
550
411

13,702
6,518
7,184
16,302
8,232
8,071

12,533
6,929
5,604
6,094
3,855
2,239
1,787
954

497
336

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

15,483
7,442
8,041
18,343
9,233
9,109
14,882
8,015
6,868
10,104
5,516
4,587
16,472
4,348
4,197
7,926

11,556
6,416
5,141
5.294
3,460

1.834
1.497
795
439
262

11,440
5,599
5,841
13.676
6,735
6,942
11,266
6,236
5,030
5,160
3,391
1,769
1,443
775
425
243

See footnotes at end of table.




26

49,962
2,772
1,119
1,653
4,836

35,917
11,305
5,541
5,765
13,513
6,659
6,854
11,099
6,146
4,952
5,053
3,331
1,722
1,384
750
405
229

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

November 1998
Civilian labor force
Age, sex. and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not
in
labor
force

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

24,529
2,459
1,237
1,223
2,565
14,541
5,199
2,544
2,655
5,547
2,845
2,703
3,795
2,216
1,579
2,221
1,223
999
2,741
938
716
1,087

16,214
1,010
359
652
1,790
11,923
4,412
2,154
2,258
4,613
2,336
2,276
2,899
1,747
1,152
1,200
795
405
291
174
75
42

66.1
41.1
29.0
53.3
69.8
82.0
84.9
84.7
85.0
83.1
82.1
84.2
76.4
78.8
73.0
54.0
65.0
40.5
10.6
18.6
10.4
3.9

14,900
737
243
494
1,548
11,189
4,069
1,989
2,080
4,325
2,165
2,160
2,795
1,676
1,120
1,163
767
396
263
150
74
39

60.7
30.0
19.6
40.4
60.3
76.9
78.3
78.2
78.3
78.0
76.1
79.9
73.7
75.6
70.9
52.3
62.7
39.7
9.6
16.0
10.3
3.6

133
9
5
4
12
107
26
5
21
46
21
25
35
17
18
3
3
_
2
_
_
2

14,766
727
238
490
1,536
11,082
4,043
1,984
2,059
4,279
2,145
2,134
2,760
1,658
1,102
1,160
763
396
261
150
74
37

1,315
274
116
157
243
734
343
165
178
287
171
117
103
71
32
37
28
9
28
24
1
3

8.1
27.1
32.4
24.2
13.5
6.2
7.8
7.7
7.9
6.2
7.3
5.1
3.6
4.1
2.8
3.1
3.5
2.2
9.6
13.8
1.1
(1)

8,315
1,449
878
571
775
2,618
787
390
398
935
508
426
896
469
427
1,022
428
594
2,450
764
642
1,045

11,002
1,208
621
587
1,175
6,573
2,326
1,125
1,201
2,538
1,296
1,242
1,708
1,008
700
956
532
425
1,089
395
304
390

7,633
501
173
327
785
5,633
2,094
1,036
1,058
2,203
1,117
1,086
1,337
811
526
555
358
197
160
92
44
24

69.4
41.4
27.9
55.7
66.8
85.7
90.0
92.0
88.1
86.8
86.2
87.4
78.3
80.4
75.1
58.0
67.3
46.3
14.7
23.4
14.3
6.1

7,002
340
113
227
678
5,303
1,938
954
984
2,067
1,051
1,016
1,298
783
515
533
345
188
148
84
43
21

63.6
28.2
18.2
38.6
57.7
80.7
83.3
84.8
81.9
81.4
81.1
81.8
76.0
77.7
73.5
55.7
64.9
44.3
13.6
21.4
14.1
5.3

109
6
2
4
8
89
18
3
15
39
21
18
32
17
39
3
3
_
2
_
_
2

6,893
334
111
223
670
5,214
1,920
951
969
2,028
1,030
998
1,266
766
500
530
342
188
146
84
43
19

632
161
60
100
107
331
156
81
74
136
66
70
39
28
11
22
13
9
12
8
1
3

8.3
32.1
34.7
30.6
13.6
5.9
7.4
7.9
7.0
6.2
5.9
6.4
2.9
3.4
2.1
3.9
3.7
4.5
7.5
8.7
1
()
(1)

3,368
707
447
260
391
939
233
90
143
335
179
156
371
197
174
402
174
228
929
302
261
366

13,527
1,251
616
635
1,390
7,969
2,873
1,419
1,454
3,009
1,549
1,461
2,086
1,208
879
1,265
691
574
1,652
543
412
697

8,581
510
185
324
1,005
6,290
2,318
1,119
1,200
2,410
1,219
1,190
1,562
936
626
645
437
208
131
82
31
18

63.4
40.7
30.1
51.1
72.3
78.9
80.7
78.9
82.5
80.1
78.7
81.5
74.9
77.5
71.2
51.0
63.2
36.3
7.9
15.0
7.5
2.7

7.898
397
130
267
869
5,887
2,131
1,035
1,096
2,258
1,114
1,144
1,498
893
605
630
422
208
115
66
31
18

58.4
31.7
21.0
42.1
62.5
73.9
74.2
72.9
75.4
75.0
72.0
78.3
71.8
73.9
68.8
49.8
61.0
36.3
7.0
12.1
7.5
2.7

25
3
3

7,873
393
126
267
866
5,868
2,123
1,033
1,090
2,251
1,114
1,137
1,494
893
602
630
422
208
115
66
31
18

683
113
56
57
136
403
187
84
104
151
105
47
64
43
21
15
15

8.0
22.2
30.1
17.6
13.5
6.4
8.1
7.5
8.6
6.3
8.6
3.9
4.1
4.6
3.4
2.3
3.4

4.946
741
431
311
385
1,679
555
300
255
600
329
270
525
272
253
620
254
366
1,521
461
381
679

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures




_
3
18
8
2
6
7
_
7
3
_
3
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

16
16
_
-

and revised population controls used in the household survey.

27

12.2
19.6
(1)
(1)

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

203,941
136,912
67.1
130,999
3,259
127,739
5,914
4.3

90,251
69,455
77.0
66,951
2,275
64,676
2,504
3.6
20,797

91,192
70,065
76.8
67,809
2,337
65,472
2,256
3.2
21,127

98,212

99,135
60,326
60.9
58,024

15,478
7,670
49.6
6,552
179
6,373
1,118
14.6
7,807

15,777
7,897
50.1
6,744
180
6,564
1,153
14.6

67,029

206,104
138,288
67.1
132,577
3,226
129,351
5,711
4.1
67,816

170,545
115,098
67.5
110,913
3,090
107,823
4,186
3.6
55,447

172,084
115,804
67.3
111,692
3,033
108,659
4,112
3.6
56,280

76,598

77,243
59,707
77.3

12,551
6,629
52.8
5,789
170
5,619
840

24,149
15,627
64.7
14,232
105
14,127

24,529
16,214
66.1
14,900
133
14,766
1,315
8.1
8,315

9,655
6,993
72.4
6,486
83
6,403
507
7.3
2,661

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

59,787

60.9
57,495
806
56,689
2,292
3.8
38,425

57,315
2,302
3.8
38,809

81,704
49,286
60.3
47,717
775
46,943
1,569
3.2
32,418

82,290
49,468
60.1
47,863
673
47,190
1,605
3.2
32,822

12,243
6,472

12,091
7,740
64.0

12,276
8,071
65.7
7,501
22
7,480
570

2,403
894
37.2
614
2
612
280
31.4
1,509

709

7,880

White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

59,340
77.5
57,490
2,141
55,350
1,849
3.1
17,258

58,041

2,191
55,850
1,666
2.8

17,536

52.9
5,705
174
5,531
767
11.9
5,770

12.7
5,922

Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
NOTE:

1,395

8.9
8,522

Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




9,794
7,133
72.8
6,662
103
6,559
471
6.6
2,661

7,132
20
7,112
608
7.8

4,351

7.1
4,205

2,459
1,010
41.1
737

9
727
274
27.1
1,449

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

28

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
November 1998
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Unemployed

Total

Full
time

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16to 19years
20 to 24 years

18,555
12,526
6,029

9,205
5,532
3,673

49.6
44.2
60.9

8,322
4,801
3,520

1,679
492
1,187

6,642
4,309
2,333

883
731
153

139
77
62

745
654
91

9.6
13.2
4.2

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

9,121
9,434
7,934
1,500

3,709
5,495
4,175
1,321

40.7
58.3
52.6
88.1

3,101
5,221
3,968
1,252

225
1,454
671
783

2,876
3,766
3,297
469

609
275
206
68

50
89
52
36

558
186
154
32

16.4
5.0
4.9
5.2

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

9,348
6,287
3,062

4,536
2,727
1,809

48.5
43.4
59.1

4,049
2,334
1,715

912
276
635

3,137
2,057
1,080

487
393
94

80
41
40

407
353
54

10.7
14.4
5.2

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,804
4,544
3,816
728

1,961
2,575
1,907
668

40.8
56.7
50.0
91.7

1,628
2,421
1,790
632

157
755
334
421

1,471
1,667
1,456
211

334
154
118
36

31
50
31
18

303
104
86
18

17.0
6.0
6.2
5.4

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

9,206
6,239
2,967

4,669
2,805
1,864

50.7
44.9
62.8

4,273
2,467
1,805

767
215
552

3,505
2,252
1,253

396
337
59

58
36
22

338
301
37

8.5
12.0
3.2

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,316
4,890
4,118
111

1,748
2,920
2,268
653

40.5
59.7
55.1
84.6

1,473
2,799
2,179
621

68
700
337
362

1,405
2,100
1,841
258

275
121
89
32

20
39
21
18

255
82
68
14

15.7
4.1
3.9
4.9

14,700
9,928
4,773

7,691
4,634
3,057

52.3
46.7
64.1

7,034
4,092
2,942

1,380
415
966

5,654
3,678
1,976

657
541
115

107
58
48

550
483
67

8.5
11.7
3.8

Men
Women

7,456
7,245

3,838
3,853

51.5
53.2

3,478
3,556

797
583

2,682
2,972

360
297

59
47

301
249

9.4
7.7

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

7,086
7,615
6,392
1,223

3,095
4,596
3,532
1,063

43.7
60.4
55.3
86.9

2,651
4,383
3,354
1,029

193
1,187
535
652

2,458
3,196
2,819
377

213
178
34

34
73
52
21

411
139
126
13

14.4
4.6
5.0
3.2

2,713
1,952
760

1,103
720
383

40.7
36.9
50.3

900
549
351

209
56
153

691
493
197

203
171
32

26
14
12

177
157
20

18.4
23.7
8.3

Men
Women

1,314
1.399

488
615

37.1
43.9

373
527

80
129

293
398

115
88

18
8

97
80

23.6
14.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,565
1,148

504
599
413
186

32.2
52.2
43.3
95.6

358
542
386
156

23
186
93
93

335
356
292
64

146
57
27
30

11
15

953
195

135
41
27
14

29.0
9.5
6.6
15.9

2,108
1,490
617

836
474
362

39.7
31.8
58.7

698
358
340

178
58
120

520
300
220

138
116
22

41
26
14

97
89
8

16.5
24.4
6.1

Men
Women

1,061
1,046

418
418

39.4
40.0

355
344

104
74

250
270

63
75

15
26

48
49

15.1
17.8

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,231
877
639
238

344
492
299
193

28.0
56.1
46.8
81.2

246
452
275
177

51
127
43
83

195
326
232
93

98
40
23
16

13
28
18
9

85
12
5
7

28.4
8.1
7.8
8.5

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16to 19years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.




29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
November 1998
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Unemployed

Full
time

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
14,922
3,251
11,671

12,213
2,365
9,847

81.8
72.8
84.4

11,088
1,943
9,144

9,381
1,398
7,984

1,706
545
1,161

1,125
422
703

1,032
382
650

93
40
53

9.2
17.8
7.1

Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college .
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

3,879
6,446
3.169
1,428

2,629
5,379
2,843
1.361

67.8
83.4
89.7
95.3

2,123
4,937
2,715
1,312

1,663
4,147
2,352
1,219

460
790
363

472
411
101
49

35
31
27

93

506
442
128
49

19.3
8.2
4.5
3.6

Men, 16 to 24 years .

7,546
1,739
5,808

6,675
1,370
5,305

88.5
78.8
91.4

6,062
1,113
4,948

5,451

20 to 24 years

611
216
394

614
257
357

579
235
343

35
21
14

9.2
18.7
6.7

Less than a high school diploma ...
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

2,176
3,380
1,408
583

1.705
3,070

1,391
2.843
1,284
544

1,215
2,551
1,177
508

175
291
107
36

314
227
53
19

299
215
45
19

15
12

1,337
564

78.3
90.8
95.0
96.7

18.4
7.4
4.0
3.5

7,375
1,512
5,863

5,537
995
4.542

75.1
65.8
77.5

5,026
830

4.196

3,930
501
3,429

1,096
329
767

512
166
346

453
147
307

58
19
39

9.2
16.6
7.6

1,702
3,066
1.761
845

925
2.309
1.506

732
2,094
1.431
768

448
1,595
1,175
712

284

193

499
256
56

215
75
30

172
196
56
30

20
19
19

798

54.3
75.3
85.5
94.4

20.8
9.3
5.0
3.7

12,071
2,624
9,447

10,106
1,995
8,111

83.7
76.1
85.9

9,338
1,697
7,642

7,874
1,226
6,648

1,464
471
993

768
299
469

267
431

70
32
38

7.6
15.0
5.8

Men
Women .

6,198
5,873

5,659
4,448

91.3
75.7

5,218
4,120

4,693
3,181

525

440
328

417
281

23
47

7.8
7.4

Less than a high school diploma ...
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

3,043
5,208
2,591
1.229

2,173
4,413
2,337
1.184

71.4
84.7
90.2
96.3

1,840
4,111
2,245
1,144

1,454
3,442
1,925
1,053

385
669
320
90

333
302
92
40

309
281
68
40

24
21
24

15.3
6.8
4.0
3.4

2,312
507
1,805

1,698
290
1,407

73.4
57.2
78.0

1,384

188
1,197

1,175
127
1,048

210
61
149

313
103
211

291
95
195

22
7
15

18.4
35.4
15.0

Men
Women

1,069
1,242

797
900

74.5
72.5

645
739

574
601

72
138

152
161

141
150

11
11

19.1
17.9

Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

736
1,016
462
98

405
792
412

55.0
78.0
89.1
90.1

250
663
386
86

185
554
351

65
109
35

155
129
26
3

146
119
23
3

10
10
3

38.4
16.3
6.3
2.9

2,301
533
1,768

78.1
71.5
80.3

2,016

20 to 24 years

2,948
745
2,203

418
1,598

1,685
299
1,387

331
119
211

284
115
170

261
105
156

23
10
14

12.4
21.5
9.6

Men
Women .

1,657
1,291

1,493
808

90.1
62.6

1,339
677

1,189
496

150
181

154
131

149
112

4
19

10.3
16.2

Less than a high school diploma ...
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

1,445
1,059
390
54

1,061
852
342
45

73.5
80.4
87.8

906
757
316
38

746
624
278
38

160
133
38

156
94
27
8

145
93

11

14.7
11.1
7.8

Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

16 to 19 years

Women, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college .
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

897
4,554

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

86

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years .

16 to 19 years

1

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups




16
8

1
11

will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised
population controls used in the household survey.

30

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic
origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Men

Total
Educational attainment

Women

White

Hispanic origin

Black

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

172,628
116,870
67.7
113,168
65.6
3,702
3.2

81,495
62,338
76.5
60,466
74.2
1,872
3.0

82,322
62,950
76.5
61,145
74.3
1,805
2.9

89,476
53,405
59.7
51,549
57.6
1,856
3.5

90,305
53,920
59.7
52,023
57.6
1,897
3.5

144,262
97,492
67.6
94,776
65.7
2,715
2.8

145,313
98,006
67.4
95,320
65.6
2,687
2.7

19,207
12,991
67.6
12,185
63.4
806
6.2

19,504
13,414
68.8
12,615
64.7
799
6.0

15,899
11,112
69.9
10,529
66.2
582
5.2

16,294
11,248
69.0
10,710
65.7
538
4.8

29,505
12,505
42.4
11,613
39.4
893
7.1

29,084
12,410
42.7
11,548
39.7
862
6.9

13,994
7,699
55.0
7,241
51.7
458
5.9

13,706
7,549
55.1
7,104
51.8
445
5.9

15,511
4,806
31.0
4,371
28.2
435
9.0

15,378
4,861
31.6
4,444
28.9
417
8.6

23,677
10,127
42.8
9,511
40.2
616
6.1

23,489
10,090
43.0
9,501
40.5
588
5.8

4,473
1,780
39.8
1,556
34.8
224
12.6

4,297
1,730
40.3
1,503
35.0
227
13.1

7,119
4,198
59.0
3,891
54.7
307
7.3

7,175
4,151
57.9
3,877
54.0
273
6.6

57,310
37,759
65.9
36,376
63.5
1,383
3.7

57,273
37,560
65.6
36,159
63.1
1,400
3.7

26,016
19,997
76.9
19,315
74.2
682
3.4

26,276
20,115
76.6
19,411
73.9
704
3.5

31,294
17,762
56.8
17,061
54.5
701
3.9

30,997
17,444
56.3
16,748
54.0
696
4.0

48,551
31,651
65.2
30,656
63.1
995
3.1

48,433
31,446
64.9
30,462
62.9
984
3.1

6,883
4,821
70.0
4,511
65.5
310
6.4

6,929
4,857
70.1
4,516
65.2
342
7.0

4,245
3,186
75.1
3,043
71.7
142
4.5

4,408
3,270
74.2
3,116
70.7
154
4.7

42,417
31,772
74.9
30,854
72.7
918
2.9

42,863
32,126
75.0
31,280
73.0
846
2.6

19,658
16,079
81.8
15,621
79.5
458
2.8

19,655
16,050
81.7
15,696
79.9
354
2.2

22,759
15,693
69.0
15,233
66.9
459
2.9

23,207
16,075
69.3
15,584
67.1
492
3.1

35,912
26,670
74.3
25,993
72.4
677
2.5

36,059
26,689
74.0
26,060
72.3
629
2.4

4,933
3,904
79.1
3,707
75.1
197
5.0

5,175
4,187
80.9
4,017
77.6
170
4.1

2,868
2,331
81.3
2,237
78.0
94
4.1

2,962
2,404
81.2
2,338
78.9
67
2.8

29,694
21,640
72.9
20,954
70.6
686
3.2

29,646
21,572
72.8
20,978
70.8
594
2.8

14,090
11,308
80.3
10,943
77.7
365
3.2

13,884
11,123
80.1
10,864
78.2
259
2.3

15,604
10,332
66.2
10,012
64.2
321
3.1

15,761
10,449
66.3
10,113
64.2
335
3.2

24,999
18,038
72.2
17,532
70.1
506
2.8

24,754
17,717
71.6
17,281
69.8
436
2.5

3,633
2,805
77.2
2,651
73.0
154
5.5

3,818
3,038
79.6
2,909
76.2
129
4.3

2,039
1,658
81.3
1,585
77.7
73
4.4

2,107
1,675
79.5
1,632
77.5
43
2.6

12,723
10,131
79.6
9,900
77.8
232
2.3

13,217
10,554
79.9
10,302
77.9
252
2.4

5,568
4,771
85.7
4,678
84.0
93
1.9

5,771
4,928
85.4
4,832
83.7
95
1.9

7,155
5,360
74.9
5,221
73.0
139
2.6

7,446
5,626
75.6
5,470
73.5
156
2.8

10,912
8,632
79.1
8,461
77.5
171
2.0

11,305
8,972
79.4
8,780
77.7
192
2.1

1,300
1,098
84.5
1,056
81.2
43
3.9

1,357
1,149
84.7
1,108
81.7
41
3.6

829
673
81.2
652
78.6
21
3.1

855
729
85.3
705
82.5
24
3.2

41,739
33,707
80.8
33,173
79.5
534
1.6

43,408
34,775
80.1
34,180
78.7
594
1.7

21,828
18,563
85.0
18,289
83.8
274
1.5

22,685
19,236
84.8
18,934
83.5
302
1.6

19,912
15,144
76.1
14,883
74.7
261
1.7

20,723
15,539
75.0
15,246
73.6
293
1.9

36,122
29,044
80.4
28,616
79.2
428
1.5

37,332
29,782
79.8
29,296
78.5
485
1.6

2,918
2,487
85.2
2,412
82.6
75
3.0

3,104
2,639
85.0
2,579
83.1
60
2.3

1,667
1,396
83.7
1,358
81.4
39
2.8

1,750
1,423
81.3
1,379
78.8
44
3.1

Nov.
1997

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population ... 170,971
115,743
Civilian labor force
67.7
Percent of population
112,015
Employed
65.5
Employment-population ratio
3,728
Unemployed
3.2
Unemployment rate
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
High school graduates, no college
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Less than a bachelor's degree1
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are




included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1998,
data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls
used in the household survey.

31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(In thousands)
November 1998
Employed
Part-time workers

At work

At work2

Age, sex, and race
Total

Unemployed

Full-time workers

35
hours
or
more

1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Total

Part time
Part time for
for
economic
noneconomic
reasons
reasons

Not
at
work

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

108,731
1,890
175
1,715
106,842
9,171
97,671
85,055
12,616

92,027
1,543
134
1,409
90,484
7,873
82,611
72,468
10,143

13,946
301
35
266
13,644
1,099
12,546
10,569
1,977

2,759
45
6
39
2,714
200
2,514
2,017
497

23,846
4,855
2,409
2,446
18,991
3,494
15,497
11,100
4,397

2,258
213
26
188
2,045
398
1,647
1,412
235

20,479
4,478
2,276
2,202
16,000
3,020
12,980
9,180
3,800

1,109
163
107
56
946
76
869
508
362

4,326
459
64
395
3,867
712
3,156
2,805
351

1,384
694
458
235
691
144
547
385
161

Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

63,492
1,173
62,318
5,189
57,129
49,547
7,582

55,306
983
54,323
4,603
49,720
43,458
6,262

6,771
169
6,602
499
6,103
5,089
1,014

1,415
21
1,393
88
1,306
1,000
305

7,764
2,274
5,490
1,474
4,016
2,180
1,836

969
101
869
198
671
569
102

6,472
2,095
4,377
1,251
3,126
1,514
1,612

324
78
245
25
220
98
122

2,319
276
2,043
383
1,660
1,430
230

587
374
213
68
145
88
56

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

45,240
716
44,523
3,981
40,542
35,507
5,035

36,721
560
36,161
3,270
32,891
29,010
3,881

7,174
132
7,042
599
6,443
5,480
962

1,344
24
1,320
112
1,209
1,017
192

16,081
2,581
13,501
2,020
11,481
8,920
2,561

1,289
113
1,176
199
977
844
133

14,007
2,383
11,624
1,769
9,855
7,667
2,188

785
85
700
51
649
410
239

2,007
183
1,824
329
1,495
1,375
121

798
320
478
76
402
297
105

Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

54,444
1,039
53,405
4,451
48,954
42,263
6,691

47,446
866
46,580
3,957
42,624
37,093
5,531

5,775
153
5,622
420
5,202
4,331
870

1,223
19
1,203
74
1,129
839
290

6,588
1,952
4,636
1,255
3,381
1,712
1,669

749
85
664
161
504
432
72

5,577
1,807
3,770
1,076
2,694
1,212
1,482

262
60
201
18
183
68
116

1,709
193
1,516
283
1,233
1,036
197

428
279
150
45
104
60
44

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years ana over
20 to 24 years
25 years ana over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

36,463
602
35,861
3,163
32,698
28,418
4,281

29,601
486
29,116
2,627
26,489
23,180
3,308

5,782
96
5,686
455
5,231
4,433
798

1,079
20
1,059
80
979
805
174

14,198
2,197
12,002
1,715
10,287
7,964
2,322

977
89
888
150
738
626
112

12,509
2,032
10,477
1,517
8,960
6,964
1,996

713
76
637
48
589
374
215

1,337
132
1,205
196
1,008
905
103

637
237
401
60
34;
256
84

Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

6,220
98
6,122
556
5,566
5,007
559

5,343
84
5,260
486
4,774
4,346
428

732
14
719
62
657
537
120

144

782
243
539
122
418
296
122

163
11
152
37
115
98
17

569
218
351
78
273
175
98

50
14
36
7
29
22
7

490
70
420
89
332
310
21

141
90
51
18
33
21
12

Women, 16 years ana over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

6,560
85
6,475
645
5,830
5,260
570

5,290
51
5,240
505
4,735
4,312
423

1,063
34
1,029
113
916
779
138

207

1,338
312
1,026
224
802
627
175

253
20
233
47
186
169
18

1,036
286
750
175
575
438
137

49
7
42
2
40
20
20

544
39
505
119
385
375
10

139
74
65
17
49
28
21

White

Black

144
8
136
125
11

207
28
179
169
10

2
Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason
for working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

1
Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their
usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work
during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified
according to their usual status.




32

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age

(In thousands)
Total
Occupation

16 years
and over

16 years
and over

20 years
and over

16 years
and over

20 years
and over

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

130,999 132,577

70,328

71,256

66,951

67,809

60,670

61,321

57,495

58,024

39,779
19,390
824
13,800
4,766
20,389
2,050
1,859
541
1,126
2,925
1,025
5,158
906

19,592
10,378
398
8,024

20,310
10,780
437
8,302
2,041
9,530
1,829
1,316
373
843
455
546
1,372
649
2,147

19,488

20,194
10,729
437
8,260
2,033
9,464
1,829
1,304
373
843
455
543
1,360
649
2,108

18,708
8,218
349
5,135
2,734
10,490
160
440
192
225
2,546
421
3,810
247
2,449

19,469
8,610
387
5,498
2,725
10,859
222
543
167
283
2,469
479
3,786
257
2,651

18,573
8,174
349
5,101
2,724
10,399
160
435
192
225
2,545
418
3,764
247
2,412

19,311
8,582
387
5,470
2,725
10,729
222
543
167
281
2,469
470
3,734
257
2,586

13,770
1,838
323
800
715
7,953
2,801
1,567
1,259
2,299
26
3,979
307
189
96
208
602
2,577

12,959

2,429

12,890
1,807
318
779
710
7,350
2,768
1,538
1,248
1,774
22
3,733
307
184
88
202
587
2,365

24,867
2,197
1,358
289
550
8,134
1,834
1,243
422
4,557
77
14,537
413
229
3,516
2,021
364
7,995

24,797
2,333
1,447
317
570
8,167
2,004
1,148
398
4,572
44
14,296
406
213
3,313
2,076
360
7,928

23,220
2,160
1,341
276
544
7,041
1,796
1,223
413
3,536
74
14,018
407
227
3,438
1,995
361
7,590

22,996
2,322
1,439
315
568
6,981
1,963
1,116
385
3,472
44
13,693
404
209
3,227
2,046
348
7,459

6,233
37
1,860
4,337
1,931
309
1,631
467

6,426
37
1,965
4,424
2,072
244
1,615
493

10,528
773
401
9,354
3,480
2,238
1,341
2,295

10,637
820
430
9,386
3,381
2,211
1,384
2,411

9,407
698
380
8,329
2,775
2,128
1,291
2,135

9,537
752
398
8,388
2,739
2,115
1,316
2,217

Nov.
1997
Total

Women

Men

Nov.
1998

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teacners, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers ana judges
Other professional specialty occupations

38,300
18,596
747

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

38,660
4,237
1,666
1,289
1,282
15,978
4,636
2,695
1,624
6,923
99
18,445
687
389
3,609
2,187
950
10,624

38,567
4,171
1,770
1,117
1,285
16,120
4,805
2,715
1,658
6,871
70

13,793
2,040
308
1,000
733
7,844
2,802

18,276
713
402

3,908
274
160
93
166
586
2,629

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

17,781
819
2,311
14,651
6,187
2,560
3,092
2,812

18,065
860
2,430
14,774
6,216
2,482
3,117
2,959

7,253
46
1,910
5,297
2,706
322
1,752
517

7,428
40
2,000
5,388
2,835
271
1,733
548

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

14,186
4,713
5,324
4,149

14,478
4,800
5,677
4,001

12,917
4,556
5,225
3,137

13,170
4,617
5,523
3,030

12,637
4,454
5,096
3,087

12,872
4,510
5,383
2,979

1,268
157
100
1,012

1,308
183
154
970

1,249
156
99
994

1.288
18C
152
956

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ....

18,723
8,022
5,542
4,278
1,264
5,159
863
4,296

18,276
7,702
5,473
4,217
1,257
5,100
841
4,259

14,074
4,924
5,005
3,797
1,208
4,146
836
3,310

13,780
4,864
4,944
3,762
1,182
3,972
807
3,165

13,107
4,764
4,896
3,710
1,186
3,448
784
2,664

12,838
4,696
4,828
3,666
1,161
3,314
722
2,592

4,649
3,098
538
481
56
1,013
27
986

4,496
2,839
529
455
74
1,128
34
1,094

4,433
3,018
526
469
57
890
25
864

4,307
2,773
522
448
74
1,011
34
977

3,349
1,333
2,016

3,413
1,126
2,287

2,699
1,019
1,680

2,797
872

2,526
1,016
1,510

2,589
860
1,729

650
314
336

615
254
361

613
314
299

584
253
331

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

13,158
4,690
19,704
2,008
1,525
520
1,071
2,950
947
5,029
987
4,668

4,798

3,409
2,284

963
10,505

N O T E : Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




1,956
9,214
1,847
1,085
328
846
404
525
1,219
740
2,219

1,453
1,202
2,366
22

1,926

10,331

398
7,979
1,954
9,157
1,845

1,080
328
844
404
520
1,206
739
2,190
2,011
303

991
718
7,284
2,781
1,441
1,197
1,842
23
3,664
273
157
85
157
562

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-20. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Total
Occupation and race

Men

Women

Nov.

Nov.

Nov.

Nov.

Nov.

Nov.

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998

130,999
100.0

132,577
100.0

70,328
100.0

71,256
100.0

60,670
100.0

61,321
100.0

29.2
14.2
15.0
29.5

30.0
14.6
15.4
29.1

27.9
14.8
13.1
19.6

28.5
15.1
13.4
19.3

30.8
13.5
17.3
41.0

31.7
14.0
17.7
40.4

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

3.2

3.1

2.9

2.6

3.6

3.8

12.2
14.1
13.6

12.2
13.8
13.6

11.2

11.2

5.6

5.6

10.3

10.4

13.4
24.0
17.4

13.3
23.3
17.3

.6
1.8

.6
1.8

1.3
.7

11.1
10.9
13.8

.1
2.8
7.6

1.3
.7

11.2
10.8
14.3

(1)
2.7
7.5

15.4

15.3

18.4
20.0

18.5
19.3

6.1
4.2
3.9
2.6

5.8
4.1
3.8
2.6

7.0
7.1
5.9
3.8

6.8
6.9
5.6
3.9

2.1
7.7
5.1
.9
1.7
1.1

2.1
7.3
4.6
.9
1.8
1.0

110,913
100.0

111,692
100.0

60,489
100.0

61,032
100.0

50,424
100.0

50,661
100.0

30.1
14.8
15.3
29.8

31.0
15.4
15.6
29.0

28.6
15.5
13.1
19.8

29.4
16.0
13.3
19.2

32.0
14.1
17.8
41.7

32.9
14.6
18.4
40.8

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

3.3

3.1

2.9

2.5

3.7

3.8

12.6
13.9
12.4

12.5
13.5
12.4

11.7

11.6

5.2
9.3
( )
2.6
6.7

5.2
9.3

13.8
24.3
16.2

13.6
23.5
16.3

1.3
.5

1.3
.6

14.4

14.3
2.1
6.8
4.2
.8
1.8
1.1

.6
1.7

.6
1.8

10.2
11.2
13.6

10.1
11.5
13.2

5.7
4.1
3.8
2.8

1

2.7
6.5

18.9
19.2

19.3
18.6

5.5
4.0
3.7
2.8

6.7
6.8
5.6
4.2

6.6
6.7
5.3
4.2

2.0
6.9
4.5
.8
1.6
1.2

14,232
100.0

14,900
100.0

6,761
100.0

7,002
100.0

7,471
100.0

7,898
100.0

20.6

20.9

18.0

18.1

9.6

9.8

11.0
28.4

11.1
30.0

8.9
9.0

9.1
9.0

17.4

19.4

23.0
10.2
12.8
38.3

23.5
10.5
13.1
39.4

2.7
9.0

3.4
9.9

16.6
21.7

16.8
22.2

2.3
6.8
8.3

2.7
7.8
8.8

17.5

.9
3.0

.8
2.8

.2
4.6

17.8

18.6

8.2

7.4

20.1

18.3

8.5
6.0
5.6
1.0

7.7
5.5
5.2
1.2

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1
Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




3.2

3.9

19.6

11.1
24.1
25.5

11.7
23.8
24.5

.1
4.4

1.5
1.6

1.5
1.4

12.8
14.9
30.5
10.0
11.1

15.1
13.4
27.6

22.4

21.7

9.0

9.4
1.7

8.6
2.0

10.0

2.1

2.0

10.7

10.1

7.2
1.3
2.2
.4

6.5
1.4
2.1
.4

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

34

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed persons by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
November 1998
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Total
Executive,
emAdminisTechniadminisployed
trative
cians
Private
ProfesOther
trative,
and
Sales support, housesional
and
service1
including
hold
specialty related
manaclerical
support
gerial

Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair

Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
inspectors

Transportation
and
material
moving

Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers

Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing

3,226
605
8,738
20,510
12,334
8,176

128
95
1,492
2,959
1,759
1,200

68
76
160
2,037
1,357
680

38
13
58
639
419
220

16
7
71
807
331
476

133
66
427
1,785
963
822

9
11
22
258
143
115

34
179
4,917
3,897
2,735
1,163

14
23
105
6,218
3,607
2,611

42
113
534
801
418
383

27
22
929
1,009
512
497

2,716
2
22
99
90

9,393
27,670
5,285
22,385

1,356
2,478
633
1,845

551
611
132
479

337
222
32
190

267
11576
2,158
9,417

2,385
2,239
781
1,458

298
5,326
64
5,261

1,319
1,585
376
1,209

94
381
152
229

2,306
1,084
505
580

459
2,087
392
1,695

21
81
59
22

8,799
47,525
977
46,548
31,686
6,110

2,596
6,820
4
6,815
4,207
1,465

374
15,509
12
15,497
13,455
1,003

175
2,435

2,202
1,145

2,859
7,109

1,145
213
30

7,109
5,086
1,272

167
2,202
6
2,196
480
178

7
826

2,435
2,065
255

324
9,167
58
9,108
5,571
1,790

10
557
3
554
312
25

31
501
12
489
102
34

53
394
20
374
76
26

1

860
860

826
118
34

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
November 1998
Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture

Wage and salary workers
Age and sex
Wage and

Self-

Unpaid

salary
workers

employed
workers

family
workers

Private industries
Total
Total

Private
household
workers

Other
private
industries

Government

Self-

Unpaid

employed
workers

family
workers

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,884
136
52
84
294
513
476
275
140
50

1,301
33
24
9
22
161
336
276
233
239

41
12
6
6
16
2
7
1
1
3

120,296
6,511
2,481
4,030
12,135
29,296
33,051
25,041
11,410
2,852

101,435
6,211
2,394
3,817
11,140
25,545
27,598
19,366
9,151
2,424

967
90
70
20
106
175
239
181
110
66

100,467
6,121
2,324
3,797
11,034
25,369
27,359
19,185
9,041
2,358

18,861
300
87
213
995
3,751
5,454
5,675
2,259
428

8,951
49
18
31
192
1,448
2,651
2,555
1,375
682

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,494
119
45
74
254
409
375
193
104
40

966
23
20
3
21
119
267
187
160
189

28
9
4
4
12
2
2

63,263
3,266
1,214
2,052
6,269
15,744
17,582
12,815
6,038
1,548

54,873
3,136
1,174
1,963
5,852
13,989
15,215
10,349
4,996
1,336

79
13
10
3
12
14
24
4
7
6

54,795
3,123
1,164
1,959
5,840
13,975
15,192
10,345
4,989
1,330

8,389
129
40
89
418
1,755
2,367
2,466
1,043
212

5,471
27
8
19
104
845
1,598
1,573
877
447

390
17
7
10
40
104
101
82
35
11

335
9
4
6
1
43
69
90
74
50

57,033
3,245
1,267
1,979
5,866
13,552
15,469
12,225
5,372
1,304

46,561
3,074
1,220
1,854
5,288
11,556
12,382
9,017
4,156
1,088

889
77
60
17
94
161
215
178
104
60

45,672
2,998
1,160
1,838
5,194
11,394
12,167
8,839
4,052
1,028

10,472
171
47
124
577
1,996
3,087
3,209
1,216
216

3,480
22
10
12
88
603
1,053
982
498
235

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3
13
3
1
2
3
5
1
1
-

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

36

104
4
4
6
17
29
20
16
12
35
4
4
_
2
1
12
5
6
6
70
_
_
_
4
17
17
15
11
6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
November 1998
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Hours of work
All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

128,710

3,061

125,648

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

35,841
1,279
5,231
16,391
12,939

875
70
220
385
200

34,965
1,209
5,011
16,006
12,739

27.8
1.0
4.1
12.7
10.1

28.6
2.3
7.2
12.6
6.5

27.8
1.0
4.0
12.7
10.1

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

92,869
8,643
43,565
40,660
14,895
15,024
10,742

2,186
174
810
1,202
298
391
513

90,683
8,469
42,755
39,459
14,597
14,632
10,230

72.2
6.7
33.8
31.6
11.6
11.7
8.3

71.4
5.7
26.5
39.3
9.7
12.8
16.7

72.2
6.7
34.0
31.4
11.6
11.6
8.1

39.1
43.1

40.7
46.3

39.0
43.0

Total, 16 years and over

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

A-24. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
November 1998
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

35,841

13,946

21,895

34,965

13,639

21,326

3,159
1,816
1,095
123
126

1,078
875

2,082
941
1,095
45

3,018
1,737
1,073
87
122

997
826

2,022
911
1,073
38

32,681
965
5,781
680
7,231
2,031
2,913
6,007
405
6,667

12,868
74
708

19,814
892
5,073
680
7,136
2,031

12,642
74
694

2,913
6,007
405
2,665

4,002

31,947
957
5,644
662
7,102
1,917
2,851
5,948
370
6,496

2,851
5,948
370
2,611

3,885

23.1
22.5

24.2
27.6

22.6
19.2

23.2
22.6

24.3
27.6

22.6
19.3

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




77
126

95

49
122

95

19,305
883
4,950
662
7,007
1,917

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
November 1998
Worked 1 to 34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

For
economic
reasons

Total, 16 years and over

125,648

34,965

Wage and salary workers

117,061

Industry and class of worker

Average hours
Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,018

12,642

19,305

90,683

39.0

43.0

32,203

2,676

11,971

17,556

84,858

39.0

42.8

561

76

10

43

23

485

46.1

47.5

7,018

1,392

290

798

304

5,626

41.2

42.6

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,562
11,769
7,793

2,406
1,393
1,013

217
100
117

1,422
922
499

767
370
397

17,156
10,376
6,780

42.5
42.9
41.9

43.5
43.7
43.3

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

8,640
25,319
7,922

1,748
8,681
2,018

134
936
72

1,009
1,221
1,144

605
6,524
802

6,892
16,638
5,904

41.8
37.0
39.6

43.6
43.8
41.9

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

42,110
937
41,174
5,929

13,627
549
13,078
2,255

985
82
903
31

4,404
47
4,357
1,930

8,238
419
7,818
293

28,483
388
28,095
3,674

37.5
28.7
37.7
38.2

42.5
43.2
42.4
39.2

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,483
104

2,695
67

337
5

663
8

1,694
54

5,788
37

39.9
32.3

46.4
(1)

Mining
Construction

1

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




38

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
November 1998
Worked 1 to 34 hours

Age, sex, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

Average hours

For noneconomic
reasons
Total

For
economic
reasons

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

12,642
252
28
223
12,390
916
11,474

19,305
4,329
2,191
2,138
14,975
2,888
12,087
8,612
3,475

90,683
1,539
144
1,395
89,144
7,764
81,380
71,432
9,948

39.0
23.4
16.8
27.3
39.9
35.9
40.3
40.9
36.8

43.0
38.9
34.6
39.3
43.1
41.6
43.2
43.4
42.4

5,981
1,989
1,056
933
3,992
1,183
2,810
1,371
1,438

53,780
958
90
868
52,822
4,457
48,365
42,341
6,024

42.0
25.3
17.5
29.7
42.8
38.1
43.4
44.1
39.4

44.6
39.9
37.0
40.2
44.7
42.8
44.8
45.0
43.8

36,903
580
53
527
36,322
3,307
33,015
29,092
3,924

35.6
21.5
16.2
24.8
36.5
33.5
36.8
37.3
33.7

40.9
37.3

890

13,324
2,341
1,135
1,206
10,983
1,705
9,278
7,241
2,037

(1)
37.9
41.0
40.1
41.1
41.1
40.4

TOTAL
125,648
6,358
2,391

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3,967
119,290
12,064
107,226

91,679
15,546
67,137
3,199
1,168
2,031

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

63,938
6,271
57,667
49,145
8,522

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

58,511
3,159
1,223
1,936
55,352
5,794
49,559
42,534
7,025

34,965
4,819
2,248
2,572
30,146
4,300
25,846
20,247
5,599
13,356
2,241
1,078
1,163
11,116
1,814
9,302
6,805
2,498
21,609
2,579
1,170
1,409
19,030
2,487

3,018

239
28
210
2,780
496
2,284
1,945
339

1,785

1,433

5,943

118
10
107
1,315
262
1,053
889
164

134
11
123
5,809
369
5,439
4,544

1,586

6,699
117
17

13,442
3,101

121
18
103
1,465
234
1,230
1,056
175

16,543

9,689

895

100
6,582
547
6,035
5,146

Race
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

105,530
57,303
48,227

29,841
11,343
18,498

2,371
1,141
1,229

10,449
5,067
5,382

17,021
5,134
11,887

75,689
45,960
29,729

39.1
42.2
35.3

43.2
44.8
41.0

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

14,329
6,711
7,618

3,677
1,388
2,288

498
209
289

1,655
648
1,007

1,524
531
993

10,652
5,323
5,329

38.8
40.9
37.1

41.7
43.2
40.2

41,024
7,823

554
253
625

3,954
740

18,289

6,361
1,424
5,571

1,248

1,853
431
3,697

34,663
6,399
12,718

43.8
42.6
37.8

45.1
44.5
43.2

31,509
11,793
15,209

11,702
3,497
6,409

646
386
554

3,779
1,525
1,395

7,278
1,586
4,460

19,807
8,296
8,799

35.6
38.1
33.8

40.7
41.4
41.0

Marital status
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
November 1998
Worked 1 to 34 hours

Occupation and sex

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

For
economic
reasons

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1
2

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

34,842

2,992

12,578

19,272

90,627

39.1

43.1

38,788
18,964
19,825
37,413
4,043
15,622
17,748
17,548
831
2,346
14,371
14,076
17,644
7,468
5,260
4,916

9,140
3,489
5,651
12,344
1,077
4,988
6,279
7,229
502
471
6,255
2,413
3,716
1,055
1,062
1,600

414
142
272
731
52
430
250
908
76
37
795
358
581
154
150
277

4,700
2,148
2,552
3,919
483
843
2,592
1,217
39
201
977
1,410
1,331
563
396
372

4,026
1,198
2,828
7,694
542
3,715
3,437
5,103
387
234
4,483
645
1,804
337
516
951

29,648
15,475
14,173
25,068
2,965
10,634
11,469
10,320
330
1,874
8,116
11,663
13,927
6,413
4,198
3,316

41.4
43.4
39.5
37.1
39.0
38.3
35.6
34.7
27.8
41.8
33.9
41.7
40.3
41.2
42.8
36.4

44.2
45.1
43.2
42.0
41.9
44.8
39.8
42.2
42.6
44.8
41.5
43.1
43.1
42.3
45.7
41.3

66,833

13,179

1,407

5,871

5,901

53,655

42.1

44.6

19,965
10,620
9,345
13,478
1,799
7,775
3,905
7,227
40
1,939
5,247
12,820
13,343
4,741
4,750
3,851

3,350
1,464
1,886
2,896
334
1,522
1,041
2,272
17
325
1,931
2,099
2,562
513
858
1,191

187
85
102
191
12
111
69
323
5
22
297
333
373
58
122
193

2,091
987
1,104
1,041
201
372
468
486
1
152
333
1,265
987
340
346
301

1,072
392
680
1,663
121
1,039
503
1,463
11
151
1,301
501
1,201
115
389
697

16,614
9,155
7,459
10,583
1,465
6,253
2,864
4,954
23
1,615
3,317
10,722
10,782
4,228
3,893
2,660

44.6
46.0
42.9
41.7
42.2
43.1
38.5
37.6
(2)
43.2
35.5
42.0
41.2
42.5
43.5
36.8

46.2
47.2
45.0
45.1
43.8
47.0
41.8
43.1
(2)
45.4
42.0
43.3
43.7
43.1
45.9
41.4

58,635

21,663

1,585

6,707

13,371

36,972

35.6

40.9

18,823
8,344
10,479
23,934
2,244
7,847
13,844
10,322
791
407
9,124
1,256
4,300
2,726
509
1,064

5,789
2,024
3,765
9,449
744
3,466
5,238
4,956
485
147
4,325
314
1,155
542
204
409

227
58
170
540
40
319
181
584
71
14
499
26
208
96
28
83

2,609
1,161
1,447
2,878
282
471
2,124
732
38
49
644
144
344
223
50
71

2,953
806
2,148
6,030
422
2,676
2,933
3,640
375
83
3,182
144
603
222
126
254

13,034
6,320
6,714
14,486
1,500
4,381
8,605
5,365
307
260
4,799
941
3,146
2,185
305
656

38.1
40.1
36.4
34.5
36.5
33.6
34.7
32.6
27.6
35.4
33.0
38.7
37.7
39.0
36.0
35.0

41.8
42.4
41.3
40.0
40.1
41.8
39.2
41.3
42.5
41.6
41.2
41.0
41.1
40.9
42.9
40.9

125,468

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




Average hours

40

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-28. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men

Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

Women
Unemployment
rates
Nov.
1997

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,098
981
377
1,740

2,906
918
364
1,624

4.2
2.2
4.4
8.4

White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,279
830
288
1,160

2,138
744
287

Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

Nov.
1998

Thousands of
persons

Unemployment
rates

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

3.9
2.1
4.1
7.8

2,816
926
566
1,323

2,805
973
599
1,232

4.4
2.7
4.4
8.0

4.4
2.8
4.6
7.3

1,108

3.6
2.1
4.1
6.9

3.4
1.9
4.0
6.6

1,907
755
393
759

1,974
795
432
747

3.6
2.5
3.9
6.2

3.7
2.7
4.3
6.0

630
89
71
470

632
113
69
450

8.5
2.7
6.0
16.1

8.3
3.3
5.7
14.8

765
106
155
503

683
112
137
434

9.3
4.3
6.8
14.4

8.0
4.3
5.9
11.9

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,872
919
353
600

1,805
882
344
579

3.0
2.1
4.2
5.4

2.9
2.0
4.0
5.2

1,856
847
531
477

1,897
883
577
437

3.5
2.6
4.3
5.7

3.5
2.7
4.6
5.1

White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,413
770
268
375

1,337
710
270
358

2.6
2.0
3.9
4.3

2.5
1.9
3.8
4.2

1,303
683
373
246

1,349
720
413
216

3.0
2.4
3.8
4.3

3.0
2.5
4.2
3.7

Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

346
87
68
191

365
111
65
189

5.6
2.7
5.8
10.7

5.7
3.4
5.5
10.1

460
103
141
216

434
104
134
196

6.7
4.3
6.3
9.9

6.1
4.1
5.9
8.6

NOTE:

Beginning in 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Unemployment rates

Total

Total
Nov.
1998

5,914

5,711

4.3

4.1

4.2

3.9

4.4

4.4

612
308
304

657
330
326

1.6
1.6
1.5

1.6
1.7
1.6

1.5
1.4
1.5

1.4
1.4
1.4

1.7
1.9
1.5

1.9
2.1
1.7

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,491
88

1,377

3.7
2.0
4.7
3.3

3.4
2.1
4.0
3.3

3.5
1.9
3.5
4.5

2.8
2.4
2.9
2.9

3.8
2.2
5.8
2.9

3.8
1.9
5.0
3.4

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,155
87
82
987

1,228
78
75

6.4
8.3
3.0
6.8

5.3

1,075

6.1
9.6
3.4
6.3

)
3.1
6.0

5.6
(2)
1.9
6.8

6.7
9.8
4.9
6.5

6.9
8.5
7.6
6.8

612
174
324
113

557
131
297
129

4.1
3.6
5.7
2.7

3.7
2.6
5.0
3.1

4.1
3.5
5.8
2.1

3.8
2.7
5.0
3.3

4.2
3.9
3.8
4.3

2.4
1.2
2.5
2.5

1,308
528
253
526
96
430

1,193
484
249
460
114
347

6.5
6.2
4.4
9.3
10.0
9.1

6.1
5.9
4.4
8.3
11.9
7.5

6.0
5.0
4.3
9.0
9.4
8.9

5.8
5.2
4.1
8.5
12.0
7.6

8.1
8.0
4.8

7.1
7.2
6.3
7.5

(2)
9.9

Farming, forestry, and fishing

255

241

7.1

6.6

7.2

6.3

6.6

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

456
319
66
71

446
317
56
73

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

781
622

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

1
Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




89
670
618

Nov.
1998

Women

Nov.
1997
Total, 16 years and over1

Nov.
1997

Men
Nov.
1997

2

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

10.3
2

)
7.4
7.7

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

42

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Unemployment rates

Total

Men

Total

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

5,914

5,711

4.3

4.1

4.2

3.9

4.4

4.4

4,659

4,560

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.7

4.6

Mining
Construction

21
465

12
448

3.1
6.7

2.0
6.2

3.5
6.6

2.3
6.3

.3
7.7

5.6

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries

765
377
39
16
11
18
36
63
71
59
36
23
19
43

771
366
40
22
14
29
36
67
41
58
29
29
23
37

3.6
3.0
5.4
2.7
1.7
2.4
2.8
2.4
3.6
2.5
2.7
2.2
2.6
6.1

3.7
3.0
4.8
3.2
2.4
4.0
2.6
2.9
1.9
2.5
2.2
2.9
2.9
6.1

3.0
3.0
5.5
2.1
2.0
2.4
3.3
2.1
3.6
2.6
3.1
2.1
3.4
5.6

3.1
2.7
4.6
4.0
.9
3.1
1.9
3.0
2.7
1.8
1.5
2.2
2.3
5.2

5.0
3.1
4.8
4.2
.4
2.5
1.3
3.8
3.5
1.8
1.3
2.7
1.6
6.8

5.1
3.6
6.0
1.4
7.6
8.4
4.7
2.5
.7
4.8
4.4
5.5
3.9
7.0

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

388
106
47
73
11
58
44
40

405
147
22
89
10
57
35
34
11

4.5
5.5
7.2
7.2
1.6
3.5
3.3
4.3
2.2

4.8
8.3
3.7
9.6
1.5
3.3
2.6
3.4
3.6

3.0
3.3
3.4
2.9
2.1
2.2
3.3
4.8
.2

3.7
6.9
3.4
4.7
1.2
2.9
1.7
3.8
3.7

6.8
10.0
12.2

6.5
10.8

8.8

.1
5.2
3.4
3.5
6.6

12.2
2.0
3.7
4.2
2.7
3.5

1,496
556
940

204
139
64
1,324
176
1,148
227
1,574
584
990

2.7
3.6
1.2
5.8
4.5
6.0
2.3
4.4
2.7
6.8

2.7
3.0
2.2
4.9
3.4
5.2
2.8
4.6
2.9
6.9

2.9
4.0
.9
5.1
4.0
5.5
2.1
4.4
2.5
6.0

2.5
2.9
1.8
4.6
3.4
5.0
2.9
4.5
2.2
6.4

2.1
2.4
1.7
6.4
5.8
6.5
2.4
4.3
2.8
7.6

3.2
3.2
3.0
5.2
3.4
5.4
2.7
4.6
3.2
7.6

183
616
456

170
535
446

9.5
2.1

8.3
1.8

9.6
2.3

8.0
1.5

9.2
1.8

9.2
2.1

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

8
202
166
36

1,534
214
1,320
176

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Nov.
1997

Women

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

4.1

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

43

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over

Total,
16 years
and over

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

White

Black

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

5,914
2,698
707
1,992
1,304
688
661
2,099
456

5,711
2,587
739
1,848
1,217
631
651
2,027
446

2,504
1,590
377
1,213
778
434
269
602
43

2,256
1,377
413
964
635
329
271
557
51

2,292
940
274
666
462
204
293
965
94

2,302
1,026
281
744
512
233
280
919
78

1,118
168
55
113
64
49
99
532
319

1,153 4,186 4,112 1,395 1,315
543
185 1,984 1,931
570
101
607
606
45
79
442
140 1,378 1,324
491
270
889
953
70
274
173
435
424
69
217
109
504
507
100
122
550 1,431 1,408
511
551
264
317
152
152
269

45.6
12.0
33.7
11.2
35.5
7.7

45.3
12.9
32.4
11.4
35.5
7.8

63.5
15.1
48.4
10.7
24.0
1.7

61.0
18.3
42.7
12.0
24.7
2.2

41.0
12.0
29.1
12.8
42.1
4.1

44.5
12.2
32.3
12.2
39.9
3.4

15.0
4.9
10.1
8.9
47.6
28.5

16.0
3.9
12.1
8.7
47.7
27.5

47.4
14.5
32.9
12.1
34.2
6.3

47.0
14.8
32.2
12.3
34.2
6.5

40.9
5.6
35.2
8.7
39.5
10.9

41.3
7.7
33.7
8.3
38.9
11.5

2.0
.5
1.5
.3

1.9
.5
1.5
.3

2.3
.4
.9
.1

2.0
.4
.8
.1

1.6
.5
1.6
.2

1.7
.5
1.5
.1

2.2
1.3
6.9
4.2

2.3
1.3
7.0
4.0

1.7
.4
1.2
.2

1.7
.4
1.2
.2

3.6
.8
3.5
1.0

3.4
.7
3.2
.9

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who comDleted temDorarv iobs
On temDorarv lavoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers ....
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temDorarv lavoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

44

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32.

Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment

(Percent distribution)
November 1998
Duration of unemployment

Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Percent

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

5,711
2,587
739
1,848
1,217
631
651
2,027
446

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

40.7
45.5
68.8
36.1
32.3
43.6
46.8
34.6
32.0

33.8
31.8
23.8
34.9
35.9
33.1
35.5
35.5
35.6

25.5
22.8
7.4
28.9
31.8
23.3
17.7
30.0
32.4

11.4
11.6
2.9
15.1
17.3
10.8
8.6
11.7
12.3

14.1
11.1
4.5
13.8
14.5
12.5
9.1
18.2
20.1

Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,256
1,377
413
964
635
329
271
557
51

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

39.5
46.1
67.2
37.1
33.3
44.4
43.0
24.4

33.0
32.9
27.1
35.4
36.6
33.2
41.3
30.0

27.4
20.9
5.7
27.5
30.1
22.4
15.7
45.6

10.2
8.1
2.0
10.8

17.2
12.8

Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,302
1,026
281
744
512
233
280
919
78

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

40.8
42.4
69.5
32.2
28.2
41.0
48.0
37.4
33.0

30.0
29.5
21.0
32.7
34.4
29.0
29.0
31.6
20.6

29.2
28.1
9.5
35.1
37.4
30.0
23.0
31.0
46.4

14.2
17.8
4.7
22.8
25.1
17.6
8.4
12.1
11.9

15.1
10.3
4.7
12.4
12.3
12.4
14.6
18.9
34.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers

1,153
185
45
140
70
69
100
550
317

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

42.9
57.6

43.0
35.7

(1)
50.6

(1)
43.7

14.2
6.6
(1)
5.7

8.0
3.1
(1)
4.1

6.2
3.5
(1)
1.6

(

()
38.0
47.4
41.0

8.2
12.4
23.5

8.2
6.1

Reentrants
N e w entrants

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation

A-33.

53.9
40.2
35.4

12.4
7.6
9.0
16.7

1

1

3.7
16.7
17.7
14.8
6.8
28.9
1

1

6.3
9.5

14.0

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

5,914
2,295

5,711
2,325

100.0
38.8

1,930

1,419
524
1,675

1,422
508
1,456

4,560
1,619
1,473
1,058

791
884
354
530

649
807
315
492

32.9
24.0
8.9
28.3
13.4

100.0
40.7
33.8
24.9
8.9
25.5

4,326
1,609

1,943

11.4
14.1
5.5
8.6

100.0
35.5
32.3
23.2
9.1
32.2
14.9
17.3
6.7
10.6

100.0
37.2
33.8
24.3
9.5
29.0
12.9

15.3
7.3

14.3
6.4

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Full-time workers

15.0
6.0
9.0

1,463
1,050

415

413

1,468

679
789
305
484

1,254
560
694
282
412

17.0
8.3

15.9
7.4

16.0
6.5

9.5

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

45

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
November 1998
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total

Weeks
15 weeks and over

Less
than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

2,325
494
379
482
468
289
146
66

1,930
495
253
473
357
217
105
30

1,456
163
224
330
350
224
120
44

649

1,039
294
152
234
184
106
58
11

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

17

807
71
118
179
201
134
76
27

14.3
9.2
14.2
14.2
16.2
17.2
17.4
19.7

6.4
5.5
6.1
7.3
6.3
7.4
6.9
5.6

702
83
112
164
134
104
78
27

283
53
55
71
42
33
21
9

419
30
58
92
92
71
57
18

14.8
9.0
15.2
14.8
15.5
18.0
21.2
(1)

6.4
5.5
6.6
7.8
5.8
7.7
8.7

C1)

754
80
112
166

388
41
61
87
109
62
19
9

13.9
9.5
13.2
13.8
16.7
16.4
12.2
(1)

6.3
5.5
5.3
6.6
7.1
7.1
5.8
(1)

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

5,711

Men, 16 years and over

2,906
650
451
631
538
349
215
71

1,165
273

2,805
503
405
653
637
381
157
69

1,160
221
192
247
248
150
67
33

891

172
110
48
19

216
121
17

366
39
51
79
107
58
23
8

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,112
2,138
1,974

1,831
937
894

1,353
733
620

927
467
460

442
220
221

486
247
239

12.7
13.0
12.3

5.5
5.6
5.4

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,315
632
683

378
171
206

461
251
210

475
209
266

192
52
140

284
157
126

19.4
20.8
18.1

10.3
10.0
10.5

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

918
364
1,624

388
162
614

322
83
634

207
119
376

78
47
159

130
72
217

14.0
17.5
14.5

5.8
6.2
6.9

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

973
599
1,232

446
224
490

254
216
421

273
159
321

127
94
144

146
65
177

14.2
13.3
14.0

5.6
6.9
6.4

16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women, 16 years and over

16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,153
856

1,285
1,175

731
372
140

186
234
220
139
79
33

201
101
240

41

92

106
150

149
91
44

Race

Marital status

1

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




46

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
November 1998
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry

15 weeks and over

Less
than
5 weeks

Total

Weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

7.0
6.3
6.5
5.2
6.4
5.3

OCCUPATION

657
1,377
1,228

Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

264
572
501
255
476
107

199
446
391
191
454
85

194
359
336
110
263
49

93
154
162
44
115
26

101
204
175

66
148
23

15.7
14.9
14.3
11.5
13.2
11.3

51
167
282
118
164
48
491

35
75
186
100
87
57

4,019
739
3,327
303

84
221
303
148
154
109
518
77
732
44

90
534
38

487
19

22
33
107
45
61
25
124
20
238
4

13
43
80
54
25
32
202
58
249
15

11.2
11.7
12.5
14.2
11.0
14.3
14.6
17.4
14.4
11.6

4.6
5.2
6.4
5.9
7.1
4.4
6.7
7.5
6.4
5.5

446

142

159

145

55

90

19.3

8.2

557
1,193
241

INDUSTRY1

170
464
771
366
405
642

Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
No previous work experience
1

Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation

326
77

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)

Total

Age

Category
Nov.
1997

Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now1
Want a job 1
Did not search for work in previous year
Searched for work in previous year2
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects3
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other4

Nov.
1998

16 to 24
years
Nov.
1997

25 to 54
years
Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

55 years
and over
Nov.
1997

Men

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Women

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

67,029 67,816 11,801 12,058 18,453 18,386 36,775 37,372 24,715 25,056 42,313 42,761
62,559 63,604 10,106 10,566 16,438 16,469 36,016 36,569 22,874 23,272 39,685 40,332
4,469 4,212 1,695 1,492 2,015 1,917
759
803 1,841 1,783 2,628 2,429
2,594 2,541
854 1,109
906
579
1,075
612 1,044 1,034 1,550 1,507
1,875
639
1,671
789
180
841
906
191
797
749 1,078
922
538
195
261
431
31
197
246
39
208
169
263
330
1,337 1,240
443
528
644
660
150
589
152
580
748
659
331
1,006
138
242
127
499

310
930
128
192
110
500

104
423
26
197
20
181

1

94
350

185
474

21
161
14
154

96
46
81
252

158
486
101
31
71
283

41

109
17
26
66

58
94
6
26
63

182
407
21
108

198
383
5

59
220

61
212

105

149
599
118
134
68
279

112
547

123
87
49
288

4
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3
Includes believes no work available, could not find work, iacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
2




Nov.
1998

Sex

47

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
Men

Both sexes
Characteristic

Number

Rate

1

Number

Women
Rate

1

Number

Rate1

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

8,156
277
7,878
858
7,020
6,237
784
651
133

8,307
278
8,029
850
7,179
6,322
857
741
117

6.2
4.2
6.3
6.9
6.3
6.5
4.7
5.1
3.4

6.3
4.1
6.4
6.7
6.3
6.6
5.0
5.6
3.0

4,311
131
4,181
368
3,813
3,328
485
399
85

4,331
110
4,221
421
3,800
3,327
473
395
78

6.1
3.9
6.2
5.7
6.3
6.5
5.2
5.7
3.7

6.1
3.2
6.2
6.3
6.2
6.4
5.0
5.5
3.5

3,844
147
3,698
490
3,208
2,908
299
251
48

3,975
168
3,808
429
3,379
2,995
384
345
39

6.3
4.6
6.4
8.2
6.2
6.6
4.1
4.3
3.0

6.5
5.1
6.6
7.1
6.5
6.7
5.1
5.8
2.4

7,020
807
492

7,101
920
530

6.3
5.7
3.8

6.4
6.2
3.9

3,752
400
312

3,746
447
305

6.2
5.9
3.9

6.1
6.4
3.7

3,268
407
180

3,355
473
225

6.5
5.4
3.6

6.6
6.0
4.3

4,629
1,390
2,136

4,522
1,440
2,345

6.1
6.8
6.2

5.9
6.9
6.7

2,775
470
1,066

2,677
476
1,179

6.4
5.7
5.6

6.2
5.6
6.1

1,854
920
1,070

1,845
964
1,166

5.6
7.5
7.0

5.5
7.8
7.4

4,609
1,849
194
1,468

4,609
1,794
308
1,563

2,741
512
132
906

2,651
544
211
906

1,868
1,337
62
562

1,959
1,250
97
657

AGE
Total, 16 years and over2
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time ...
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1
Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to




totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised
population controls used in the household survey.

48

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Total

Veteran status
and age
Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Unemployed

Employed

Percent of
labor force

Number
Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

Nov.
1997

Nov.
1998

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over

7,775
6,152
863
2,492
2,797
1,623

7,778
5,795
628
2,084
3,083
1,983

6,563
5,525
777
2,233
2,516
1,038

6,494
5,154
562
1,884
2,708
1,340

6,413
5,406
758
2,199
2,449
1,008

6,341
5,041
551
1,835
2,656
1,300

149
119
18
34
67
30

153
112
12
49
52
40

2.3
2.2
2.4
1.5
2.7
2.9

2.4
2.2
2.1
2.6
1.9
3.0

19,910
9,170
6,479
4,260

20,612
9,314
7,016
4,283

17,974
8,480
5,871
3,624

18,691
8,608
6,389
3,694

17,497
8,275
5,697
3,525

18,260
8,415
6,236
3,610

477
204
174
99

431
193
153
84

2.7
2.4
3.0
2.7

2.3
2.2
2.4
2.3

NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who
have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1998, data




reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls
used in the household survey.

49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1947 to date
(In thousands)
Service-producing

Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construc- Manufaction
turing

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Total

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
real
estate

Government
Services
Federal

State

Local

Annual averages
1947.
1948.
1949.

43,857
44,866
43,754

38,382
39,216
37,897

18,509
18,774
17,565

955
994
930

2,009
2,198
2,194

15,545
15,582
14,441

25,348
26,092
26,189

4,166
4,189
4,001

2,478
2,612
2,610

6,477
6,659
6,654

1,728
1,800
1,828

5,025
5,181
5,239

1,892
1,863
1,908

0)
(D
(D

(D
(D

1950.
1951 .
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
19592

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53,270

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,967
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092

6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,356
5,547

(1)

0)

(D
(D

(1)

5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

(1)

1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

3,558
3,819
4,071
4,230
4,366

1960.
1961.
1962.
1963.
1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,153
3,142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919

8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785

2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3.058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

1970.
1971 .
1972.
1973.
1974..
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.

70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,276
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221

11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

1980 .
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988.
1989.

90,406
91,152
89,544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,209
107,884

74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82,651
84,948
87,823
90,105

25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24,674
25,125
25,254

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
713

4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380
4,668
4,810
4,958
5,098
5,171

20,285
20,170
18,780
18,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
18,999
19,314
19,391

64,748
65,655
65,732
66,821
69,690
72,544
74,811
77,284
80,084
82,630

5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5,233
5,247
5.362
5,512
5,614

5,292
5,375
5,295
5,283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6,030
6,187

15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17,315
17,880
18.422
19,023
19,475

5,160
5,298
5,340
5,466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6,668

17,890
18,615
19,021
19,664
20,746
21,927
22,957
24,110
25,504
26,907

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,182

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10.100
10,339
10,609

1990.
1991 .
1992.
1993.
1994.
1995.
1996..
1997..

109,403
108,249
108,601
110,713
114,163
117,191
119,608
122,690

91,098
89,847
89,956
91,872
95,036
97,885
100,189
103,120

24,905
23,745
23,231
23,352
23,908
24,265
24,493
24,934

709
689
635
610
601
581
580
592

5,120
4,650
4,492
4,668
4,986
5,160
5,418
5,686

19,076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,321
18,524
18,495
18,657

84,497
84,504
85,370
87,361
90,256
92,925
95,115
97,756

5,777
5,755
5,718
5,811
5,984
6,132
6,253
6,395

6,173
6,081
5,997
5,981
6,162
6,378
6,482
6,648

19,601
19,284
19,356
19,773
20,507
21,187
21,597
22,011

6,709
6,646
6,602
6,757
6,896
6,806
6,911
7,091

27,934
28,336
29,052
30,197
31,579
33,117
34,454
36,040

3,085
2,966
2,969
2,915
2,870
2,822
2,757

4,305
4,355
4,408
4,488
4,576
4,635
4,606
4,594

10,914
11,081
11,267
11,438
11,682
11,849
12,056
12,276

(D
(D

(1)

(D
(D

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1997:
November
December
1998:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September...
OctoberP
November? ...

123,944
124,289

104,282
104,609

25,099
25,193

591
592

5,750
5,810

18,758
18,791

98,845
99,096

6,456
6,451

6,711
6,731

22,206
22,245

7,172
7,194

36,638
36,795

2,689
2,688

4,613
4,611

12,360
12,381

124,640
124,832
124,914
125,234
125,562
125,751
125,869
126,191
126,363
126,508
126,775

104,954
105,112
105,186
105,470
105,734
105,938
106,043
106,269
106,435
106,567
106,816

25,297
25,314
25,276
25,339
25,301
25,304
25,135
25,253
25,241
25,208
25,205

592
590
587
582
579
578
571
571
568
564
561

5,881
5,902
5,860
5,930
5,917
5,946
5,970
5,989
5,981
6,013
6,060

18,824
18,822
18,829
18,827
18,805
18,780
18,594
18,693
18,692
18,631
18,584

99,343
99,518
99,638
99,895
100,261
100,447
100,734
100.938
101,122
101,300
101,570

6,473
6,494
6,504
6,513
6,534
6,538
6,550
6,570
6,579
6,593
6,600

6,759
6,769
6,783
6,798
6,815
6,821
6,827

22,280
22,283
22,259
22,335
22,423
22,448
22,547
22,545
22,592
22,598
22,663

7,213
7,232
7,258
7,289
7,311
7,333
7,370
7,372
7,393
7,415
7,438

36,932
37,020
37,106
37,196
37,350
37,494
37,614
37,691
37,768
37,892
38,042

2,670
2,676
2,671
2,674
2,671
2,674
2,672
2,683
2,687
2,712
2,706

4,613
4,613
4,619
4,620
4,637
4,632
4,645
4,661
4.680
4,662
4,664

12,403
12,431
12,438
12,470
12,520
12,507
12,509
12,578
12,561
12,567
12,589

1

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
P « preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1997
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1997) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1994) are
subject to revision.

2




6,862
6,861
6,868

50

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Construction

Mining
Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Weekly
earnings

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6

7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.5
34.4
34.6

10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.12
11.43
11.82
12.28

345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64
385.86
394.34
406.61
424.89

44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.8
44.7
45.3
45.4

13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.88
15.30
15.62
16.17

603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78

38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
38.9
39.0
38.9

13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.73
15.09
15.47
16.03

526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
573.00
587.00
603.33
623.57

683.91
707.59
734.12

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1997:
November.
December.
1998:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
OctoberP ...
NovemberP

34.8
34.8

$12.53
12.53

$436.04
436.04

45.6
45.2

$16.41
16.52

$748.30
746.70

37.8
38.5

$16.28
16.37

$615.38
630.25

34.2
34.6
34.5
34.2
34.6
34.7
34.8
35.1
34.3
34.6
34.7

12.60
12.65
12.68
12.69
12.70
12.66
12.66
12.74
12.89
12.92
12.99

430.92
437.69
437.46
434.00
439.42
439.30
440.57
447.17
442.13
447.03
450.75

45.0
44.0
43.4
43.4
44.4
44.0
44.0
44.0
42.9
43.8
44.1

16.65
16.89
16.89
16.84
16.73
16.73
16.81
16.94
17.16
17.14
17.27

749.25
743.16
733.03
730.86
742.81
736.12
739.64
745.36
736.16
750.73
761.61

37.4
37.9
37.9
38.0
39.2
39.1
40.1
40.1
37.5
40.0
38.6

16.25
16.21
16.29
16.34
16.42
16.44
16.63
16.74
16.76
16.85
16.80

607.75
614.36
617.39
620.92
643.66
642.80
666.86
671.27
628.50
674.00
648.48

See footnotes at end of table.




51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23

$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39

136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.2
38.3

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.24
12.57

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
467.57
481.43

38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0

6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39

266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4
42.0
41.6
41.6
42.0

10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.07
12.37
12.77
13.17

10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.43
11.74
12.12
12.45

441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.94
514.59
531.23
553.14

38.4
38.1
38.3
39.3
39.7
39.4
39.6
39.7

12.92
13.20
13.43
13.55
13.78
14.13
14.45
14.93

496.13
502.92
514.37
532.52
547.07
556.72
572.22
592.72

38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.4

10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.06
12.43
12.87
13.44

411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
463.10
476.07
492.92
516.10

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1997:
November.
December .
1998:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
OctoberP ...
NovemberP

42.6
43.0

$13.36
13.47

$12.60
12.68

$569.14
579.21

40.4
39.8

$15.19
15.17

$613.68
603.77

38.7
38.4

$13.76
13.72

$532.51
526.85

41.9
41.7
41.7
40.8
41.8
41.8
41.1
41.7
41.5
41.9
42.1

13.40
13.41
13.47
13.46
13.47
13.44
13.37
13.44
13.60
13.54
13.61

12.70
12.72
12.76
12.83
12.78
12.74
12.70
12.73
12.88
12.83
12.88

561.46
559.20
561.70
549.17
563.05
561.79
549.51
560.45
564.40
567.33
572.98

39.3
39.9
39.4
39.1
39.5
39.6
39.7
39.9
39.3
39.4
39.7

15.27
15.29
15.24
15.27
15.21
15.22
15.31
15.33
15.46
15.38
15.48

600.11
610.07
600.46
597.06
600.80
602.71
607.81
611.67
607.58
605.97
614.56

38.1
38.5
38.4
38.1
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.7
38.1
38.3
38.7

13.77
13.85
13.86
13.90
13.96
13.89
13.99
14.13
14.10
14.13
14.25

524.64
533.23
532.22
529.59
536.06
531.99
535.82
546.83
537.21
541.18
551.48

See footnotes at end of table.




52

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Services

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
28.8
28.8
28.9

6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
7.69
7.99
8.34

194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
221.47
230.11
241.03

35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
35.9
36.1

9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
12.32
12.80
13.33

356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
442.29
459.52
481.21

32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.6

9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.04
11.39
11.79
12.28

319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
358.80
369.04
382.00
400.33

. .

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1997:
November
December
1998:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October P
NovemberP

28.8
29.2

$8.51
8.51

$245.09
248.49

36.7
35.9

$13.72
13.64

$503.52
489.68

32.8
32.6

$12.57
12.61

$412.30
411.09

28.1
28.7
28.7
28.7
29.0
29.3
29.8
29.9
29.1
28.9
28.9

8.63
8.62
8.67
8.70
8.71
8.70
8.71
8.74
8.90
8.85
8.87

242.50
247.39
248.83
249.69
252.59
254.91
259.56
261.33
258.99
255.77
256.34

36.1
37.1
36.8
36.1
36.1
36.0
36.1
36.9
35.9
36.0
36.8

13.70
13.95
13.97
13.98
13.99
13.93
13.94
14.11
14.10
14.21
14.44

494.57
517.55
514.10
504.68
505.04
501.48
503.23
520.66
506.19
511.56
531.39

32.4
32.8
32.7
32.4
32.5
32.7
32.9
33.2
32.3
32.6
32.9

12.66
12.75
12.77
12.77
12.75
12.70
12.67
12.75
12.97
13.01
13.15

410.18
418.20
417.58
413.75
414.38
415.29
416.84
423.30
418.93
424.13
432.64

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
p = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1997 forward are
subject to revision.

53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1998

1997
Industry
Nov.
Total
Total private

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

123,944 124,289 124,640 124,832 124,914 125,234 125,562 125,751

July

Aug

Sept.

Oct.P

Nov.P

125,869 126,191 126,363 126,508 126,775

104,282 104,609 104,954 105,112 105,186 105,470 105,734 105,938 106,043 106,269 106,435 106,567 106,816
25,099

25,193

25,297

25,314

25,276

25,339

25,301

25,304

25,135

25,253

25,241

25,208

25,205

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ...

591
53
94
337

592
52
94
338
108

592
52
94
338

590
52
93
338

587
51
93
336

571
50
89
325

107

107

107

571
50
90
323
108

568
50

107

579
51
92
329
107

578
51
90
330

108

582
51
92
332
107

321
108

564
50
89
317
108

561
50
90
313
108

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building .,
Special trade contractors

5,750
1,335

5,881
1,365

5,902

817
3,699

813
3,718

5,860
1,373
805
3,682

5,930

788
3,627

5,810
1,351
805
3,654

819
3,726

5,917
1,388
819
3,710

5,946
1,401
821
3,724

5,970
1,410
828
3,732

5,989
1,413
829
3,747

5,981
1,410
820
3,751

6,013
1,420
824
3,769

6,060
1,417
836
3,807

18,758

18,791

18,824

18,822

18,829

18,827

18,805

18,780

18,594

18,693

18,692

18,631

18,584

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
,
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment ....
Electronic and other electrical
equipment
,
Electronic components and
accessories
,
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products ....
Miscellaneous manufacturing

11,094
795
513
554

11,118
798

11,154
800

11,170
802
524

10,989
802
528

11,106

11,090
805
524
564

718
1,498
2,201
377

716

717

1,495
2,201
376

1,490
2,202
375

11,060
806
524
565
706
1,486

11,017

561

11,156
803
526
559

11,144

517
562

11,159
800
519

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
,
Rubber and misc. plastics products ,
Leather and leather products

7,664
1,696
42
611
810
686
1,560

Goods-producing

Manufacturing

Service-producing

107

1,371

715

515
555
716

1,488
2,191
379

1,491
2,196
381

719
1,496
2,200
381

718
1,497
2,202
381

11,166
801
520
558
719
1,497
2,205
381

1,707

1,712

1,719

1,720

1,722

1,720

1,716

672
1,878

676
1,878
1,001
519
869
388

680
1,882
1,002
521

680
1,886
1,004
523
866

681

678
1,890
1,004
525
867
389

7,673
1,702
41
611
808
686
1,561
1,036
139

7,670
1,702
40
608
805
688
1,564

7,657
1,708
42
605
787
686
1,565
1,035
137
1,008
84

1,005
516
867
386

1,035
138
QQQ

87
98,845

Transportation and public utilities ...
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities ..
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services ,

6,456
4,147
228
453
1,678
180
1,151
14
443
2,309
1,449
860

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

6,711
3,989
2,722

870
389

561

390
7,663
1,703
41
606
796
688

1,887
1,002
525
868
389
7,663
1,704
41
604
796
688
1,564

801
524
562

561
706
1,477

714

712

2,193
375

1,487
2,185
374

1,714

1,701

1,694

677
1,886
998
524
866
388

672
1,882
993
524
864
388

667
1,772
878
526
861
388

7,649

7,636
1,706
40
599
776
682
1,570
1,037

7,605
1,696
40
594
772
680

1,710
41
603
780
685

1,002

1,035
136
1,006

87

86

99,096

99,343

99,518

99,638

6,451

6,473
4,148
231

6,494
4,164
231

6,504
4,170
231

6,513
4,173
231

6,534
4,191
232

6.538
4,196
232

6,550
4,208

456
1,684
177

459
1,688
1,145

459
1,703
185
1,151

458
1,709
183

1,142

460
1,690
183
1,146
14

14

1,154
14

447
2,343
1,486
857

446
2,342
1,488
854

466
1,709
188
1,154
14
446
2,342
1,488
854

6,815
4,059
2,756

6,821
4,067
2,754

6,827
4,072
2,755

4,135
230
455
1,676
179
1,138
14
443
2,316
1,457
859
6,731
4,002
2,729

1,036
136
1,009
85

446
2,334
1,475

859

446
2,330
1,471
859

859

6,759
4,017
2,742

6,769
4,030
2,739

6,783
4,039
2,744

6,798
4,050
2,748

14
444
2,325
1,466

14

54

1,566

1,571

2,175
370

1,481
2,160
367

1,688

1,679

1,671

661
1,884
995
526
857
385

659
1,883
995
524
855
387

654
1,888
1,000
523
850

652
1,881
1,002
519
845
379

7,587
1,690
40
591
762
680
1,568

7,602
1,704

7,571
1,700
40

1,036
135
1,007
80

136

137

135

1,036
134

1,006
83

1,006
83

998
81

1,006
80

1,039

1,038

809
524
568
699

39
593

761
679
1,568

381

589
745
677
1,568

1,035
134
1,004
79

7,567
1,709
40
584
735
675

1,568
1,037

134
1,007
78

99,895 100,261 100,447 100,734 100,938 101,122 101,300 101,570

453
1,702
181
1,147
14
445
2,340
1,484
856

181

802
526
564
1,490
2,190
373

1,564
1,036
136
1,007
86

See footnotes at end of table.




1,385

231

6,570
4,235
232

6,579
4,237
234

6,593
4,244
233

6,600
4,249
234

469
1,719
192
1,161

468
1,721
190
1,165
14
453
2,349
1.499
850

468
1,721

448
2,335
1,483
852

466
1,716
191
1,166
14
450
2,342
1,490
852

193
1,163
14
456
2,351
1,499
852

6,838
4,084
2,754

6,862
4,094
2,768

6,861
4,095
2,766

6,868
4,099
2,769

14

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1998

1997
Industry
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

Nov.P

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

22,206
944

22,245
946

22,280
954

2,761
2,433
3,516

2,771
2,434

2,771
2,439
3,528

22,259
966
2,759
2,428
3,536

22,335
971
2,784
2,447
3,533

22,423
972
2,788
2,462
3,542

22,448
975
2,784
2,457
3,538

22,547
977
2,790
2,454
3,552

22,545
979
2,784
2,459

3,551

22,592
984
2,800
2,466
3,557

22,598
987
2,809
2,478
3,555

22,663
991
2.834
2,497

3,517

22,283
959
2,756
2,427
3,533

2,328
1,056
1,105
1,029
7,666
2,857

2,329
1,056
1,103
1,035
7,682
2,862

2,331
1,056
1,108
1,039
7,685
2,864

2,331
1,056
1,100
1,043
7,694
2,867

2,333
1,056
1,098
1,048
7,645
2,874

2,337
1,058
1,105
1,045
7,681
2,879

2,345
1,060
1,106
1,055
7,714
2,901

2,351
1,064
1,108
1,058
7,726
2,908

2,355
1,066
1,111
1,063
7,781
2,918

2,354
1,064
1,112
1,070
7,770
2,925

2,361
1,065
1,109
1,071
7,790
2,920

2,368
1,067
1,101
1,074
7,788
2,916

2,374
1,071
1,097
1,078
7,818
2,910

Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service
Real estate

7,172
3,463
2,035
1,464
261
582

7,194
3,478
2,040
1,466
263
586
262
620
232
2.291

7,232
3,496
2,039
1,464
262
593
270
629
235
2,297

7,311
3,536
2,044
1,463
264

7,372
3,572
2,042
1,457
264
628
294
657
245
2,339
1,595

7,415

1,599

639
304
665
249
2,350
1,601

7,438
3,606
2,043
1,456
264
649

1,579

7,370
3,565
2,042
1,459
265
624
289
655
244
2,337
1,594

3,596
2,043

1,574

7,333
3,547
2,042
1,459
264
616
284
648
241
2,328
1,586

7,393
3.578
2,038

1,560

7,258
3,512
2,041
1,465
262
602
276
633
236
2,302
1,566

7,289
3,521
2,041
1,463
263
605
278
636
239
2,312

1,558

7,213
3,485
2,037
1,463
262
589
264
625
234
2,293
1,558

731
1,428

733
1,425

735
1,435

737
1,439

736
1,444

738
1,456

741
1,455

742
1,458

743
1,468

744
1,461

747
1,469

749
1,469

752
1,476

36,638
694
1,754
1,185
8,226
947
3,074

36,795
694

36,932
696
1,176
8,351
960
3,139
2,804

1,178
8,412
966
3,149
2,819

37,350
700
1,769
1,190
8,491
975

37,614
713
1,781
1,184
8,565
980
3,151
2,815

37,691
718
1,786
1,185
8,619
978
3,178
2,850

37,768
719
1,781
1,179
8,605
986

37,892
720
1,782
1,178
8,674
987
3,158
2,825

38,042
732

1,178
8,294
955
3,111
2,783

37,196
706
1,767
1,186
8,422
965
3,140
2,806

37,494
706

1,762

37,020
696
1,756
1,177
8,384
961
3,152
2,820

37,106
695

1,754

1,493

1,507
1,147

1,522
1,144
382
569

1,538

1,561

1,146

382
565

383
563

1,622
1,162
385
564
1,694
9,902
1,817
1,756
3,960
673
984
2,205
2,657
583
749

1,632
1,167
386
566

1,643
1,168
388
568
1,717
9,937
1,835
1,758
3,971
667
991

758

1,659
1,168
389
567
1,718
9,945
1,842
1,755
3,977
662
995
2,237
2,658
583
762

1,673

1,145

1,601
1,159
387
554
1,670
9,905
1,813
1,761
3,953
683
980
2,200
2,627

391
558
1,729
9,959
1,848
1,755
3,979
662
995
2,252
2,673
587
763

92
2,276
3,280
926
1,066

92
2,280
3,292
928
1,074

93
2,281
3,322
931
1,092

19,928
2,687
1,813
4,680
1,960
2,720
12,561
7,088
5,473

19,941
2,712
1,833
4,662
1,943
2,719
12,567
7,088
5,479

19.959
2,706
1,829
4,664
1,938
2,726
12,589
7,112
5,477

Services1
Agricultrual services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing

services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services ....
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities....
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

261
616
230
2,281
1,550

2,741
1,475
1,138
379
557

1,755

641
240
2,320

3,156
2,818

1,773
1,186
8,556
975
3,189
2,853

1,641

1,647

1,660

9,852
1,788
1,761
3,920
702
967
2,179
2,577
574

9,867
1,796

9,873
1,801

1,761

1,760

741

3,925
698
970
2,189
2,587
575
744

3,938
687
972
2,192
2,595
577
746

1,578
1,153
385
567
1,662
9,887
1,806
1,762
3,945
684
977
2,195
2,609
575
749

92
2,263
3,164
904
1,012

92
2,265
3,178
910
1,011

91
2,266
3,212
913
1,029

91
2,270
3,234
921
1,037

91
2,272
3,259
925

1,004

92
2,261
3,148
899
1,007

1,052

92
2,273
3,264
927
1,055

19,686
2,670
1,822
4,613
1,924
2,689
12,403
6,980
5,423

19,720
2,676
1,819
4,613
1,924
2,689
12,431
6,999
5,432

19,728
2,671
1,815
4,619
1,928
2,691
12,438
7,003
5,435

19,764
2,674
1,814
4,620
1,925
2,695
12,470
7,023
5,447

19,828
2,671
1,810
4,637
1.932
2,705
12,520
7,053
5,467

19,813
2,674
1,813
4,632
1.933
2,699
12,507
7,045
5,462

19.826
2,672
1,810
4,645
1.938
2.707
12,509
7,078
5,431

19,922
2,683
1,816
4,661
1,949
2,712
12,578
7,128
5,450

1,610

1,143
380
564
1,625

9,807
1,772
1,760
3,901
714
959
2,155
2,552
571
730

9,827
1,779
1,761
3,908
713
963
2,160
2,561
572
736

91
2,247
3,089
885
975

91
2,255
3,111
892
988

3,137

19,662
2,689
1,826
4,613
1,923
2,690
12,360
6,959
5,401

19,680
2,688
1,819
4,611
1.924
2,687
12,381
6,965
5,416

381
563
1,633
9,837
1,784
1,759
3,916
706
964
2,169
2,570
575
736
91
2,260
897

1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1997




611
281

581
747

1,705
9,919

1,828
1,754
3,966
670
985
2,198
2,632
586
752

1,456
264
630
298
662
248
2,346

3,152
2,818

2,218
2,652
583

1.456
265

3,561

310
664
250
2,356
1,604

1,780
1,177
8,729
990
3,184
2,847

1,174

benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.

55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1997

1998

Industry
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec,

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

59,663 59,810 59,974 60,114 60,220 60,308 60,380 60,460 60,689 60,791 60,893 61,008 61,130

Total

48,763 48,884 49,026 49,142 49,239 49,306 49,369 49,446 49,626 49,725 49,854 49,893 49,975

Total private

6,717

6,732

6,741

6,759

6,766

6,767

6,770

6,759

6,762

6,763

6,703

6,722

6,724

82

82

82

83

83

83

83

82

82

82

81

82

82

639

643

645

648

650

654

655

656

662

672

677

676

5,996

6,007

6,014

6,028

6,033

6,030

6,032

6,021

6,018

6,012

5,950

5,963

5,966

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

2,932
138
160
105
103
329
478
702
394

2,945
138
161
105
103
330
481
706
397

2,952
139
161
106
104
330
482
708
399

2,962
139
162
105
104
331
484
712
401

0)
170

2,979
141
164
107
104
334
486
716
401
(1)
171

2,982
141
165
107
104
334
485
716
402
(1)
171

2,980
141
166
106
105
334
485
712
404
(1)
171

2,976
141
166
107
103
334
482
710
406

0)

2,973
140
163
107
104
333
485
714
400
(1)
171

171

2,976
142
167
107
105
334
482
708
406
(1)
170

2,938
143
168
107
102
334
478
702
380
(1)
169

2,954
143
167
107
104
336
475
697
402
(1)
169

2,951
144
166
106
104
336
474
695
404
(1)
169

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,064
554
13
285
602
167
703
330
24
340
46

3,066
558
13
283
594
168
705
331
25
343
46

3,060
559
13
281
589
168
706
330
24
345
45

3,051
559
13
280
582
168
705
331
24
344
45

3,050
559
13
278
583
168
706
330
24
344
45

3,041
560
14
279
575
167
705
330
24
343
44

3,042
562
13
279
571
167
707
332
24
343
44

3,036
560
13
277
567
167
710
331
24
343
44

3,012
548
12
276
565
165
710
333
23
338
42

3,009
554
12
274
557
165
707
332
23
343
42

3,015
559
12
275
555
165
708
333
23
343
42

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

,

0)

171

(D

171

3,062
555
13
284
598
167
704
330
24
341
46

169

3,062
557
13
283
594
168
705
330
24
342
46

0)

52,946 53,078 53,233 53,355 53,454 53,541 53,610 53,701 53,927 54,028 54,190 54,286 54,406

Transportation and public utilities

1,943

1,944

1,944

1,939

1,946

1,948

1,949

1,951

1,960

1,963

1,969

1,980

1,991

Wholesale trade

2,058

2,066

2,066

2,067

2,078

2,077

2,078

2,082

2,089

2,090

2,096

2,096

2,096

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

11,614 11,632 11,677 11,700 11,713 11,712 11,707 11,720 11,786 11,819 11,884 11,875 11,902
4,486

4,498

4,511

4,526

4,539

4,546

4,563

4,582

4,593

4,604

4,617

4,619

4,629

Services

21,945 22,012 22,087 22,151 22,197 22,256 22,302 22,352 22,436 22,486 22,585 22,601 22,633

Government
Federal
State
Local

10,900 10,926 10,948 10,972 10,981 11,002 11,011 11,014 11,063 11,066 11,039 11,115 11,155
1,135
1,144 1,154 1,141
1,140
1,137
1,136
1,142
1,136
1,142 1,127 1,133
1,137
2,351 2,360 2,365 2,363 2,365 2,367 2,371 2,369 2,375 2,377 2,385 2,397
2,405
7,414 7,424 7,439 7,455 7,475 7,495 7,503 7,509 7,552 7,547 7,527 7,585 7,613

1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.

56

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted
(In thousands)
1997

1998

Industry
Nov.

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

Nov.P

86,787 86,903 87,072 87,166 87,303

450

450

445

440

440

438

434

432

431

428

424

4,451

4,497

4,566

4,563

4,538

4,596

4,578

4,603

4,623

4,628

4,614

4,639

4,674

12,970 13,001

13,023 13,024 13,013 13,007 12,971

7,676
660
413

441
564
1,130
1,389

441
564

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,349
1,260
33
518
659
523
849
576
91
774
66

5,357
1,263
32
519
656
524
850
578
92
777
66

5,354
1,265

1,089
1,279
787
(2)
273

32
516
652
525
850
580
89
780
65

1,132
1,391
1,087
1,283
788
(2)
273
5,348
1,267
32
514
645
525
848
582
89
781
65

7,669
659
415
436
565
1,131
1,391
1,085

7,666
660
418
436
563

1,281
784
(2)
273
5,344
1,267
32
513
643
525
845
583
89
783
64

12,943 12,746 12,836 12,865 12,817 12,771
7,626
658
417
438
561
1,122
1,392
1,075
1,262
768
(2)
270

7,468
661
420
438
551
1,111
1,385
1,062
1,138
641
(2)
271

7,577
660
418
440
558
1,118
1,384
1,056
1,245
752
(2)
269

7,584
661
417
441
557

1,279
784
(2)
274

7,642
660
419
436
561
1,127
1,389
1,079
1,267
774
(2)
271

5,341
1,271
33
513
633
524
846
583
90
784
64

5,329
1,273
32
511
627
522
847
584
89
781
63

5,317
1,270

5,278
1,256
30
503
622
516
846
584
89
771
61

5,259
1,249
30
499
613
517
844
581
88
778
60

5,281
1,265
31
502

1,132
1,389

1,081

31
509
624
520
848
584
69
780
62

5,370

Wholesale trade

5,392

5,367

5,374

5,372

5,375

5,373

5,402

5,401

5,407

5,426

5,431

5,436

5,448

5,457

5,464

5,424
5,477

5,456
5,479

19,539 19,570 19,585 19,605 19,582 19,596 19,710 19,719 19,817 19,795
5,245

5,264

5,287

5,307

5,329

5,353

5,367

5,391

5,416

5,417

32,025 32,150 32,236 32,321 32,395 32,469 32,601 32,739 32,850 32,860

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,

1,120
1,380
1,059
1,251
757
(2)
269

612
517
844
582
89
780
59

67,571 67,758 67,908 68,036 68,117 68,239 68,537 68,714 68,984 69,007

Transportation and public utilities




July

449

7,669
660
412

Services

June

449

7,644
658
410
436
562
1,125
1,386
1,086
1,280
790
(2)
272

Finance, insurance, and real estate

May

17,870 17,947 18,039 18,037 17,996 18,043 17,989 17,984 17,803 17,896 17,910 17,884 17,869

7,621
655
408
434
560
1,122
1,382
1,080
1,283
791
(2)
270

Retail trade

Apr.

85,441 85,705 85,947 86,073 86,113 86,282 86,526

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

Service-producing

Mar.

69,162
5,457
5,497
19,828
5,426
32,954

7,566
662
417
441
552
1,119
1,376
1,051

1,257
762
(2)
264
5,251
1,262
31
498
596
515
843
581
89
777
59

7,527
664
417
444
546
1,115

1,366
1,042
1,247
756
(2)
262
5,244
1,271
31
494
587
514
838
581
89
781
58

69,282 69,434
5,470

5,470

5,495

5,497

19,830 19,855
5,446

5,464

33,041 33,148

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.

57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Jan.

Time span

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

Jun.

Jul.

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries
Over 1-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

59.3
62.5
50.8
58.0
63.8

60.5
60.0
64.6
61.4
58.7

67.0
54.9
59.6
59.8
59.6

64.5
55.6
56.6
63.6
56.9

58.6
47.8
62.8
60.1
56.6

63.3
55.6
61.0
54.6
59.0

63.8
54.8
57.3
61.1
55.1

61.7
59.0
61.5
59.1
53.9

61.5
58.0
56.0
60.0
53.5

60.4
55.8
62.5
64.3
P51.0

64.0
54.5
62.2
62.4
P56.0

61.7
58.8
60.7
64.9

Over 3-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

64.5
63.6
61.9
64.9
68.4

69.2
61.4
62.8
63.3
67.3

69.9
59.4
64.0
65.6
64.2

68.4
53.1
63.8
66.2
61.7

66.6
55.2
63.5
63.9
60.4

67.1
53.2
64.9
61.2
58.4

69.0
59.7
64.2
60.1
57.2

69.5
60.1
61.5
65.9
56.7

66.2
59.1
63.9
67.4
P55.9

65.6
58.0
64.2
68.1
P54.6

66.6
56.6
67.0
70.8

66.3
54.6
66.6
71.9

Over 6-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

70.9
66.4
62.8
67 6
72.1

69.9
60.1
65.4
67.0
70.9

69.7
59.1
64.7
65.3
69.4

71.2
57.3
65.7
64.9
63.5

70.2
59.0
66.2
65.6
64.5

69.8
60.1
65.0
67.3
61.8

69.8
57.6
66.4
68.0
P58.1

70.2
60.4
66.0
67.3
P58.0

68.7
59.7
66.2
70.6

67.4
59.3
67.6
72.3

66.7
61.1
66.9
73.3

65.4
63.2
66.3
72.6

Over 12-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

70.2
63.6
64.5
69.8
71.2

71.6
62.4
66.7
67.6
69.5

71.8
62.6
64.5
69.2
69.5

71.8
63.3
65.6
70.1
P65.9

72.1
61.7
68.5
69.8
P63.9

71.8
61.9
67.3
69.8

71.5
58.7
67.7
71.2

72.1
62.2
66.4
71.2

70.1
62.2
68.0
71.1

69.5
61.5
69.9
73.0

66.6
63.5
69.1
72.9

65.0
65.4
68.3
72.3

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

56.8
54.7
42.8
49 3
55 8

56.5
54.3
54.7
54.3
51 8

60.1
46.4
48.2
50.0
52 5

59.0
53.2
42.1
56.8
48.6

53.6
42.4
55.4
51.4
45.0

58.3
44.2
50.7
52.2
47.8

59.0
46.4
47.1
50.4
39.6

55.8
49.6
55.4
48.9
47.5

53.6
48.6
47.8
56.5
43.2

56.5
52.2
52.9
57.2
P38.5

58.3
45.3
54.3
56.1
P38.8

56.8
48.2
55.4
60.8

Over 3-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

60.4
56 8
43 9
54 3
60 1

63.7
50.0
46.8
49.3
59.0

63.7
47.8
46.0
54.3
50.7

60.4
42.1
47.5
54.0
46.4

57.6
43.2
46.4
55.4
43.2

59.7
38.8
49.3
50.4
38.8

61.9
40.6
51.4
47.5
36.7

56.8
43.5
50.0
52.2
34.2

54.3
48.2
53.6
57.9
P41.7

55.4
47.1
51.1
62.6
P33.5

60.8
45.3
57.6
64.7

59.0
39.9
54.7
65.5

Over 6-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

60.4
55 4
42.1
54.3
61.5

62.9
46 4
45.3
54.3
56.8

61.2
42.8
46.4
51.4
52.2

62.6
40.3
47.1
52.9
39.2

59.4
41.4
48.2
51.4
40.6

57.2
42.4
48.6
55.0
34.5

57.6
41.0
51.1
56.8
P31.3

58.6
41.0
50.4
57.6
P29.5

58.6
43.9
52.9
60.4

54.7
43.2
52.9
64.4

57.2
43.2
53.2
67.6

55.0
45.3
52.2
65.8

57.9
46.0
43.5
57.2
50.7

58.6
44.2
47.5
52.5
51.1

60.8
46.0
45.3
54.7
50.4

60.8
47.8
45.3
56.5
P41.4

60.8
41.0
50.4
57.9
P37.8

63.3
41.7
49.6
57.6

59.4
38.5
50.4
58.6

60.1
38.8
48.6
58.6

57.2
36.3
51.1
60.4

56.5
38.5
55.0
60.4

50.4
39.9
54.0
59.4

49.6
44.6
51.8
58.3

Over 12-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

. . .

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans
and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within
the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment,




where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment. Establishment survey
estimates are currently projected from March 1997 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1997) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning
January 1994) are subject to revision.

58

ESTABUSHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1997

1998

State
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug. I Sept.

Oct.P

Total1
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

1,870.7

268.1
2,000.5
1,107.2
13,318.5

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

2,001.8

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

3,664.2
533.4

1,627.2
392.5
612.9
6,508.8

1,871.0
268.8
2,011.8
1,110.6

13,367.0
2,003.3
1,634.6
393.6
610.8

1,871.9 1,876.0 1,877.2 1,879.4 1,878.2 1,882.3 1,884.4 1,881.5 1,886.3 1,886.1 1,883.9
274.1
273.7
274.1
273.9
276.1
274.1
273.8
273.1
270.2
268.3
274.3
2,021.9 2,031.5 2,037.9 2,045.6 2,048.3 2,060.0 2,073.8 2,064.2 2,072.9 2,092.9 2,092.0
1,111.6 1,110.5 1,113.1 1,118.9 1,124.0 1,125.8 1,125.5 1,125.7 1,130.1 1,125.5 1,125.8
13,398.3 13,401.2 13,439.9 13,485.6 13,512.4 13,556.0 13,582.6 13,586.2 13,619.7 13,656.0 13,688.8
2,009.5
1,642.6
395.5

2,017.8

2,019.9

1,639.6

1,641.2

394.6

396.6

2,023.9
1,639.6
398.0
610.9

2,022.0
1,641.9
398.3
609.7
6,610.3

2,038.1
1,641.8
400.3
610.3
6,645.5

2,045.3
1,644.9
399.7
610.6
6,667.0

2,054.9
1,643.8
399.0

2,054.2
1,649.9
401.1
611.9
6,708.3

2,062.0
1,640.7
403.1

2,068.8
1,649.4
404.0
611.2
6,745.9

6,534.1

610.4
609.4
613.1
6,551.6 6,566.0 6,577.9 6,604.1

512.9
5,816.0
2,868.9

3,674.8
532.8
513.5
5,823.5
2,873.9

3,690.0
530.5
514.0
5,833.8
2,884.0

3,690.7 3,707.4 3,714.9 3,718.2 3,729.2 3,727.7 3,724.9 3,740.4 3,752.8 3,751.1
526.3
526.6
531.0
522.6
525.6
527.7
527.8
529.0
528.4
528.6
519.1
5226
521.3
519.4
516.9
516.1
516.6
516.7
516.1
515.1
5,837.8
2,874.6

5,833.2
2,878.8

5,834.5
2,880.0

5,852.9
2,891.4

5,863.7
2,898.7

5,877.4
2,885.8

2,861.6 2,879.3

5,880.0
2,884.9

5,887.5
2,882.9

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

1,419.1
1,281.9
1,720.3
1,863.9
558.5

1,416.9
1,282.8
1,726.2
1,867.7
560.8

1,419.2
1,287.4
1,732.0
1,869.8
561.4

1,423.0
1,291.5
1,738.5
1,870.5
558.1

1,426.1
1,294.4
1,735.4
1,875.8
560.8

1,429.2
1,294.4
1,738.0
1,879.5
561.0

1,436.7
1,297.7
1,745.1
1,879.4
561.0

1,439.0
1,305.7
1,749.3
1,884.5
560.9

1,439.9
1,304.2
1,751.9
1,890.0
562.3

1,450.6
1,305.4
1,747.1
1,885.4
564.1

1,442.2
1,305.3
1,759.2
1,882.6
564.9

1,442.2
1,309.2
1,756.4
1,884.8
567.9

1,448.7
1,312.5
1,755.3
1,884.9
569.2

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

2,263.3
3,144.8
4,473.4
2,504.5
1,112.7

2,272.1
3,157.6
4,471.1
2,512.6
1,113.1

2,273.8
3,168.4
4,489.6
2,518.5
1,112.6

2,282.0
3,173.0
4,495.7
2,514.1
1,117.6

2,282.4
3,185.5
4,506.7
2,522.3
1,120.9

2,277.2
3,190.6
4,503.3
2,530.1
1,117.2

2,272.8
3,196.7
4,525.7
2,528.3
1,120.7

2,272.0
3,207.5
4,541.4
2,541.8
1,122.9

2,275.3
3,205.1
4,541.2
2,551.7
1,121.4

2,279.2
3,212.4
4,474.9
2,554.7
1,128.9

2,282.4
3,208.9
4,541.9
2,559.6
1,122.6

2,298.8
3,210.3
4,554.9
2,547.5
1,119.3

2,314.9
3,212.2
4,571.4
2,560.8
1,121.0

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

2,649.5
368.6
864.0
901.9
573.4

2,652.0
369.0
866.4
904.2
572.5

2,658.9
370.3
868.6
907.2
570.0

2,664.4
368.7
874.0
907.0
572.7

2,662.9
370.6
878.5
912.8
572.6

2,651.6
370.2
873.0
916.0
570.7

2,663.3
370.6
876.2
920.9
573.8

2,675.3
373.0
876.5
921.8
574.2

2,677.7
368.4
876.2
927.8
573.9

2,666.5
370.9
880.6
931.8
575.6

2,676.2

2,686.7
370.1
878.8
940.5
569.3

2,683.9
370.7
883.5
947.7
5727

New Jersey
New Mexico
NewYork
North Carolina
North Dakota

3,748.4
712.2
8,075.7
3,704.2

3,766.5
713.9
8,095.6

314.4

3,758.2
713.3
8,083.4
3,716.8
315.1

316.2

3,771.3
712.7
8,082.4
3,719.6
317.4

3,784.2 3,788.0 3,785.2 3,796.8 3,801.8 3,796.4 3,804.0 3,815.0 3,816.6
713.0
714.4
713.1
720.5
722.5
719.2
715.2
722.2
723.2
8,098.6 8,117.5 8,124.9 8,140.0 8,146.4 8,138.4 8,166.8 8,187.1 8,205.8
3,734.1 3,735.5 3,739.3 3,746.2 3,739.5 3,728.2 3,776.5 3,753.3 3,759.4
320.0
318.0
318.1
319.0
319.9
317.0
318.6
316.5
317.5

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

5,409.0
1,397.3
1,537.8
5,425.9
451.9

5,417.1
1,403.4
1,536.9
5,434.4
451.1

5,421.7
1,405.1
1,551.0
5,446.5
453.4

5,439.2
1,405.7
1,551.8
5,453.9
4527

5,436.3
1,410.7
1,557.3
5,448.0
454.1

5,445.3
1,415.9
1,561.9
5,447.2
453.7

5,448.6
1,418.4
1,563.9
5,455.7
455.3

5,460.4
1,427.8
1,564.6
5,457.8
456.8

5,459.1
1,423.5
1,563.6
5,444.0
455.0

5,431.7
1,421.9
1,564.5
5,464.2
454.6

5,470.7
1,430.3
1,563.8
5,460.8
453.4

5,475.6
1,436.7
1,566.7
5,491.8
455.2

5,484.4
1,436.3
1,569.7
5,486.5
454.4

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

1,730.6
356.3
2,595.9
8,703.4
1,003.7

1,735.0
355.7
2,603.0
8,732.1
1,010.6

1,749.1
356.1
2,605.3
8,760.7
1,014.3

1,763.5
354.9
2,618.6
8,755.4
1,015.6

1,767.8
357.0
2,620.7
8,801.2
1,018.2

1,775.6
357.3
2,623.6
8,824.5
1,024.3

1,784.8
358.0
2,623.5
8,855.0
1,024.4

1,788.2
360.3
2,621.3
8,873.9
1,026.3

1,804.1
358.5
2,623.5
8,877.8
1,024.1

1,794.9
360.0
2,620.9
8,888.3
1,022.0

1,797.3
360.5
2,616.2
8,915.1
1,024.4

1,804.3
361.0
2,625.9
8,938.6
1,027.8

1,805.9
361.7
2,629.1
8,955.5
1,030.4

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

279.5
3,259.8
2,529.9
716.9
2,674.5
223.4

279.7
3,267.2
2,534.5
717.7
2,679.4
223.2

281.4
3,278.7
2,543.6
717.1
2,684.9
223.0

279.3
3,280.0
2,546.0
715.3
2,691.4
222.8

280.0
3,291.1
2,558.5
715.6
2,694.1
222.4

280.1
3,303.6
2,566.4

3,715.4

See footnotes at end of table.




59

605.0

5,884.7

5,879.1

877.0
935.2
570.4

612.2
6,728.4

281.5
282.6
282.3
283.8
283.7
283.9
2825
3,306.9 3,314.1 3,322.2 3,331.8 3,337.7 3,340.1 3,344.1
2,576.5 2,587.9 2,593.4 2,606.1 2,615.1 2,603.4 2,610.9
715.2
715.1
724.2
713.3
714.2
721.7
717.2
725.5
2,696.5 2,702.6 2,709.6 2,713.1 2,709.5 2,724.8 2,717.0 2,717.5
224.3
223.9
225.8
224.4
227.9
226.2
229.0
225.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997

1998

State
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

96.6
12.4
131.8
480
570.2

96.5
12.7
131.4
480
573.1

96.2
12.8
131.6
48.1
577.9

97.1
128
134.5
47.5
583.4

97.9
12.8
133.5
47.5
582.3

97.0
12.8
134.5
47.7
591.9

98.7
13.0
133.3
48.8
591.6

100.2
13.0
135.2
49.4
593.1

100.8
13.2
136.7
49.3
604.6

101.2
13.2
137.7
49.6
613.1

101.9
13.2
137.0
49.3
616.2

100.0
12.9
139.5
49.9
615.3

99.0
129
139.8
49.9
624.2

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

121.6
57.7
21.9
8.8
337 6

118.0
58.1
22.2
8.4
339 3

122.1
58.9
22.5
8.8
3399

127.3
60.1
23.1
8.7
340 5

128.0
60.1
22.8
8.8
340.6

127.9
59.8
22.2
8.9
342.6

126.5
59.6
22.1
8.7
344.5

127.1
59.0
21.7
8.6
347.0

126.8
58.4
22.1
8.8
348.1

127.6
58.5
22.5
8.9
348.8

128.2
58.8
22.6
8.6
351.7

131.2
59.6
22.9
8.5
350.3

1324
59.7
229
8.4
3528

Georaia
Hawaii2
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

1722
220
32.6
238.2
140.6

1733
21 9
32.5
239.3
142.3

175.2
21.8
32.3
239.1
142.9

177.2
21.9
32.7
239.8
143.3

177.2
21.9
33.2
240.8
143.8

178.2
22.1
32.6
235.9
140.6

178.5
21.8
32.9
241.4
144.5

179.7
21.9
31.9
238.8
143.2

180.0
21.6
32.4
239.5
138.6

179.8
20.9
32.2
237.6
139.9

181.7
21.3
32.8
238.8
139.1

182.7
20.8
32.3
240.3
138.4

184.1
19.8
327
243.3
139.0

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

602
59.3
82.1
117.8
24 2

60.5
59.4
81.6
117.4
24 4

61.0
59.3
82.3
117.1
24.4

60.1
60.7
85.2
117.9
24.4

60.3
60.8
83.3
118.0
24.4

60.6
58.5
85.4
118.4
24.2

62.3
60.2
86.3
118.6
24.1

62.6
61.7
86.4
119.8
24.2

62.5
62.0
86.1
122.2
24.4

63.3
62.2
85.8
123.3
24.6

62.4
62.7
86.1
122.8
25.0

62.3
61.9
85.9
122.4
25.4

620
621
85.9
123.3
25.4

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

138.5
99.7
183.7
94.5
52.4

139.7
102.5
184.1
95.7
51.6

140.3
104.4
186.1
96.3
51.5

140.6
107.9
184.8
97.6
527

140.1
108.8
187.3
99.4
52.6

137.4
108.3
184.6
99.2
51.9

136.6
108.2
190.3
99.7
52.4

134.4
107.8
188.0
100.4
52.2

134.6
107.4
189.0
99.7
53.5

135.8
108.9
187.7
99.2
55.3

137.4
108.8
185.9
100.2
55.0

137.2
107.4
185.5
101.2
54.6

139.5
107.8
188.3
101.0
55.8

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

124 6
18.5
392
834
21.2

125 2
18.6
392
837
21.0

124.9
18.9
40.9
84.0
21.4

1231
18.9
428
85.1
21.8

124.8
18.7
42.4
85.2
22.0

118.5
18.2
40.8
86.1
22.2

123.6
18.0
40.9
87.0
22.4

124.0
18.2
40.7
87.6
22.4

122.8
17.8
39.9
89.6
21.9

127.8
18.3
40.3
90.5
22.0

126.8
18.0
41.0
91.3
21.8

127.3
17.3
40.6
90.6
21.8

128.7
17.9
40.8
89.9
21.7

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

131 2
42.3
267.9
207.2
14 7

131 8
42.2
267.8
207.9
14.8

131.9
42.2
268.1
208.7
14.9

135.6
421
265.6
211.7
15.1

137.1
42.1
268.5
208.7
15.2

136.4
42.2
270.6
209.5
15.1

136.2
42.6
271.8
210.3
15.3

135.4
42.9
273.5
210.6
15.5

135.8
43.2
275.8
210.6
16.2

136.7
43.4
280.5
210.0
16.1

137.3
43.5
280.0
210.2
15.6

138.5
43.0
280.7
210.3
15.1

138.1
43.0
283.3
2123
14.9

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

225.0
50.6
827
214.7
14 9

225.4
50.9
831
216.4
14 9

225.3
50.8
84.6
217.1
15.1

226.7
51.8
823
218.4
15.4

228.4
52.1
84.3
219.4
15.5

228.1
52.3
84.9
220.6
16.1

232.9
52.5
85.7
222.2
16.9

233.5
53.0
83.0
223.2
16.6

233.4
53.0
82.0
222.9
16.4

232.0
52.9
82.0
220.8
16.3

234.4
52.8
82.9
221.6
16.7

233.8
53.2
81.7
220.6
16.7

2328
528
84.6
220.2
17.1

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
...

101.1
15.6
117.4
462 4
64.7

101.6
15.7
117.8
464.5
65.8

103.3
15.9
118.1
467.0
66.5

104.9
15.9
117.0
468.1
65.7

106.0
16.0
117.7
476.7
66.5

106.7
15.6
119.2
477.8
67.3

107.9
15.9
120.3
480.3
67.7

108.8
15.9
120.7
484.7
68.6

109.7
15.8
119.4
484.6
67.9

109.4
15.7
121.0
487.6
68.3

110.4
15.5
121.3
488.7
68.3

111.1
15.6
121.9
485.8
67.1

111.5
15.7
1227
487.4
67.8

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12 9
187 3
136.1
35.4
108.9
14.9

12.8
1883
136.8
35.6
109.4
15.2

13.3
189.0
136.6
35.5
110.0
14.9

12.7
190.2
137.7
36.2
110.2
14.9

12.6
191.5
138.2
35.4
111.6
15.0

12.5
192.9
138.9
34.3
110.9
15.1

13.0
193.4
140.1
35.5
111.9
15.3

13.2
194.9
141.5
33.9
113.3
15.9

13.3
195.5
141.9
35.2
112.8
15.2

13.2
196.8
143.2
35.2
113.6
15.7

13.0
198.0
143.4
34.9
114.2
16.1

13.0
196.9
142.1
35.0
113.7
15.4

13.0
199.1
1426
35.8
114.0
15.1

See footnotes at end of table.




60

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997

1998

State
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

I

Mar.

|

Apr.

May

| June |

July

|

Aug. | Sept. | Oct.P

Manufacturing
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

378.7
15.0

210.1
253.5
1,935.0

3722
15.0
216.7

378.7
15.5
211.6
253.3
1,936.5

378.6
13.9
212.9
254.0
1,941.6

380.2
15.5
214.7
255.5
1,943.2

379.2
16.4
215.0
255.3
1,945.2

378.0
16.3
215.1
255.1
1,947.1

377.1
15.5
215.5
255.6
1,944.3

376.6
14.1
215.1
255.3
1,947.4

375.0
14.8
215.7
255.8
1,944.9

372.1
15.9
216.3
253.2
1,931.6

373.2
14.7
216.5
254.7
1,934.0

373.9
14.8
216.6
253.9
1,943.0

254.1
1,946.8

207.7
276.3
58.7
12.6
491.9

206.9
277.1
56.7
128
491.8

208.4
276.9
57.3
12.7
491.7

208.8
277.0
58.8
12.8
491.3

208.4
277.6
58.8
12.8
491.9

208.0
276.7
59.1
12.8
492.1

208.3
276.4
59.4
12.7
490.6

208.4
277.2
56.9
12.8
491.2

207.2
278.0
59.0
12.9
491.0

205.8
276.4
58.9
12.8
491.7

206.7
276.0
59.0
129
489.7
5928
16.0
75.4

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

491.7

206.6
276.0
58.4
12.6
491.5

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

588.1
16.4
75.2
983.3
678.0

589.3
16.5
75.5
979.5
678.4

590.0
16.5
75.8
980.9
679.6

589.1
16.5
76.4
981.3
678.6

587.1
16.4
76.7
980.2
680.1

589.9
16.4
76.3
980.5
682.9

590.4
16.3
76.3
981.8
681.4

591.4
16.2
76.2
980.1
682.0

591.3
16.1
75.7
980.2
681.8

587.5
16.0
75.7
978.0
666.8

594.0
15.9
75.4
976.7
682.0

590.9
16.1
74.9
978.2
680.0

981.2
681.3

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana

256.3
207.1
315.6
190.0
87.5

256.1
208.4
315.9
190.7
87.8

256.3
208.9
316.7
190.8
88.1

256.5
209.7
318.6
190.8
88.1

257.0
210.2
317.9
190.4
88.2

258.4
210.4
314.9
190.5
87.4

258.3
210.8
315.7
189.9
87.3

259.1
211.8
316.1
190.2
87.0

259.2
210.6
316.0
189.0
86.8

263.6
208.9
312.9
187.5
86.5

260.1
212.4
315.4
190.5
86.1

258.7
212.0
315.9
189.8
87.2

259.8
2126
315.9
189.0
86.6

173.6
450.2

176.6
451.6
970.7
439.3
241.2

176.7
452.9
969.3
440.4
241.1

176.6
455.8
970.9
440.7
241.8

177.1
456.9
973.2
438.7
242.6

176.8
456.3
973.8
442.4
241.5

176.1
454.5
981.3
441.6
241.8

175.8
453.3
978.8
442.5
242.2

175.8
452.3
972.8
444.8
240.6

173.1
455.2
916.1
442.0
240.2

172.0
450.2
977.7
443.1
238.2

175.0
448.0
977.5
440.8
239.1

174.1
446.8
977.1
441.9
239.3

420.2
24.3
117.0
41.4
108.1

426.7
24.4
117.7
41.7
108.8

420.0
24.6
118.7
41.9
108.5

421.6
24.5
118.2
42.4
108.7

421.4
24.7
119.8
42.3
108.2

421.7
24.9
119.8
42.5
108.0

421.7
24.3
119.6
42.9
106.7

410.6
24.1
120.5
42.9
106.1

421.8
24.0
118.6
42.8
105.3

423.7
24.1
118.5
43.0
104.9

420.8
23.9

Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Mississippi

205.8
276.5
58.3

12.6

437.5
240.3

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

420.8
24.4
116.5
40.9

107.7

419.8
24.5
116.8
41.2
107.7

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

481.6
47.1
922.3
834.2
23.6

483.5
47.3
923.3
834.7
23.7

484.4
47.3
925.1
833.5
23.6

486.0
46.9
923.0
833.1
24.0

485.5
46.3
920.3
833.7
23.9

485.2
45.6
920.4
833.1
23.9

483.3
45.2
918.2
831.2
23.8

482.0
45.1
916.9
830.8
24.1

481.7
45.2
917.2
827.1
23.6

477.4
44.8
901.8
823.4
23.6

477.1
45.3
917.6
823.8
23.8

476.0
44.8
917.6
822.1
23.6

474.1
44.6
916.6
820.4
23.3

1,090.5

1,090.8
183.2
246.2
938.6
78.8

1,093.8
183.7
246.7
938.6
80.1

1,095.3
184.2
247.0
943.0
79.4

1,096.9
184.4
247.5
941.6
79.4

1,097.8
184.4
247.7
939.7
79.3

1,094.9
183.7
246.7
938.5
78.8

1,091.2
185.1
247.4
937.3
79.1

1,088.9
185.3
246.0
935.0
78.9

1,054.1
184.3
246.8
937.9
79.5

1,090.1
185.7
243.8
937.9
78.1

1,090.0
185.5
241.9
932.2
78.3

1,093.4
186.0
240.3
928.8
78.1

362.2
49.9
517.7
1,093.9
134.0

362.2
49.0
517.8
1,093.3
135.1

361.4
49.6
518.2
1,093.4
135.3

362.5
49.6
518.5
1,095.9
135.4

364.2
49.2
516.4
1,097.2
135.4

364.2
49.0
514.2
1,098.0
135.7

364.1
48.9
514.2
1,098.0
135.0

367.5
49.7
511.1
1,095.6
134.3

361.8
50.1
509.5
1,098.5
134.4

364.2
50.1
507.9
1,097.6
134.5

363.0
50.1
507.2

133.6

362.1
49.7
517.5
1,091.8
134.0

1,097.7
134.3

46.9
405.3
373.8
82.2
614.4
10.9

46.9
405.3
375.1
82.4
615.8
10.9

47.2
405.8
376.0
82.7
617.4
10.9

47.3
406.4
376.5
83.0
620.8
10.9

47.4
406.6
377.4
83.1
619.4
10.8

47.3
407.6
377.8
82.9
620.0
11.0

47.9
407.5
376.9
83.1
620.1
11.0

48.0
405.7
378.2
83.0
619.3
11.0

48.1
405.5
379.5
82.9
621.3
11.1

48.1
404.3
379.8
81.8
613.8
11.0

48.3
404.8
377.7
82.3
621.1
11.1

48.4
406.0
375.7
82.5
617.0
11.1

47.7
404.4
373.2
825
615.4
11.0

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

182.2

245.6
939.3

79.3
361.8
49.7
516.0

1,089.0

See footnotes at end of table.




61

118.3
43.0
104.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted • - Continued
(In thousands)
1997

1998

State
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Ma,

Feb.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

Transportation and public utilities
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

91.4
24.3
96.0
66.6
672.7

90.7
24.0
97.0
66.9
675.4

91.0
24.4
97.8
67.2
675.1

91.6
24.4
98.2
67.1
675.6

91.7
24.7
97.0
67.5
676.5

91.8
24.6
97.5
67.7
679.0

91.5
25.0
97.7
67.7
680.1

91.7
25.7
98.5
68.0
680.1

91.3
25.2
98.8
67.8
680.2

91.9
25.3
98.9
67.8
679.7

92.1
25.6
99.6
68.0
677.9

91.7
25.1
100.5
67.7
681.8

91.4
25.1
100.1
68.0
680.8

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

1220
75.0
15.8
17.5
330.3

121 8
75.3
15.7
17.5
330.9

121.2
75.7
15.8
17.5
332.2

1225
75.3
15.5
17.7
335.6

122.5
75.8
15.6
17.3
336.2

122.0
76.1
15.6
17.2
338.1

122.7
76.0
15.6
17.1
336.6

123.3
76.7
15.7
17.0
338.9

124.7
76.4
15.6
16.8
339.9

126.4
76.3
15.9
16.9
340.2

126.7
76.3
16.0
16.9
341.7

126.9
70.5
15.8
16.7
343.7

126.4
76.1
16.1
16.6
343.7

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

234.8
41.4
23.9
3403
140.4

235.7
41.5
24.1
3408
140.7

236.4
41.0
24.2
342.0
141.5

236.3
41.1
24.7
3420
1423

237.5
41.2
24.4
341.3
142.6

238.4
40.9
25.8
342.1
142.8

238.4
40.2
24.4
343.7
142.9

238.6
40.4
24.3
345.7
142.5

239.7
40.6
24.4
344.5
140.7

241.1
40.5
24.3
344.7
141.1

241.3
40.5
24.8
345.0
140.7

243.0
40.8
24.8
343.3
140.8

243.6
40.5
24.8
341.6
141.1

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

66.2
73.0
98.5
111.8
23.4

66.5
73.0
98.6
111.8
23.4

66.7
72.9
99.4
112.1
23.5

66.9
72.9
99.5
111.7
23.5

67.0
73.0
99.7
112.5
23.9

67.2
73.3
100.0
112.8
23.8

68.1
73.5
101.5
113.4
23.8

68.2
73.9
101.7
113.8
24.0

68.4
74.1
102.4
114.2
24.1

68.8
73.6
102.1
114.1
24.1

68.6
74.6
103.0
114.2
23.7

68.6
74.5
102.7
113.9
24.0

69.2
75.1
1025
114.1
23.9

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

105.7
137.0
174.7
125 2
53.4

105.9
136.0
175.1
125 3
53.6

106.3
135.3
175.3
126.0
53.5

105.3
136.8
175.4
125.9
54.1

106.2
137.5
175.0
125.4
53.9

105.5
137.6
174.0
125.6
53.7

105.4
138.6
174.4
125.6
53.9

105.9
138.4
176.3
126.0
53.8

106.0
138.6
175.9
126.1
53.3

105.5
138.1
175.1
127.1
52.9

105.8
137.2
174.6
127.1
53.0

106.3
138.2
174.4
114.7
52.8

105.6
137.7
176.4
126.8
528

Missouri
..
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

164.0
21 2
54.2
46.6
19.3

163.6
21 4
54.4
46.7
19.4

164.3
21.3
54.6
46.7
19.4

165.9
21.5
54.9
46.7
19.7

165.4
21.6
55.0
46.9
19.4

165.6
21.5
54.8
46.9
19.3

166.4
21.6
55.1
47.0
19.8

166.0
21.5
54.9
47.3
19.3

165.5
21.3
55.6
47.5
19.0

164.8
21.2
56.1
47.6
19.2

164.8
21.0
56.2
47.6
19.3

164.8
21.1
56.8
48.0
19.2

164.9
21.3
56.7
48.1
19.1

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

259.9
327
411.3
170.8
18.0

259.4
32.6
410.6
171.0
18.0

260.4
32.5
410.7
170.9
18.0

260.4
325
411.7
171.0
18.3

261.9
32.5
410.6
171.3
18.2

261.9
32.7
411.1
170.7
18.3

262.0
33.0
409.8
169.8
18.4

263.0
33.3
409.8
169.2
18.6

263.8
33.3
410.2
169.8
18.5

263.9
33.5
409.5
170.5
18.5

264.3
33.4
409.7
171.3
18.3

265.9
33.2
411.9
170.6
18.0

264.3
33.7
413.5
170.3
18.2

234.6
803
74.5
279.3
15.5

233.8
807
74.6
278.4
15.7

233.3
80.9
74.4
278.2
15.9

235.4
80.7
74.5
281.0
15.4

235.4
81.1
74.6
280.8
15.9

235.2
81.6
74.7
280.4
16.0

234.9
81.7
75.6
281.5
15.8

234.9
82.3
75.7
280.7
15.8

234.4
82.4
75.5
280.3
15.8

233.4
82.9
75.3
281.5
15.9

234.1
83.3
75.0
280.6
15.9

234.0
83.0
76.0
282.7
16.0

234.8
83.4
75.5
2822
15.7

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

76.2
16.1
150.6
522.4
56.9

76.5
15.9
150.4
524.7
57.3

76.9
15.8
150.1
526.0
57.7

75.8
16.1
153.1
527.8
57.4

76.3
16.0
153.0
531.2
57.5

77.2
15.9
152.4
532.4
57.8

77.5
16.1
153.3
538.0
58.2

77.3
16.1
152.6
540.1
58.1

77.3
15.8
151.9
540.7
58.1

78.8
15.8
152.4
541.5
58.3

77.9
16.1
151.6
546.5
58.2

78.8
16.3
152.2
547.4
58.3

79.2
16.2
151.4
548.2
58.1

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12.3
170.4
133.7
39.0
123.1
13.9

12.3
170.7
133.9
39.2
123.0
14.0

12.3
171.3
133.9
38.8
122.5
13.9

124
170.9
135.6
39.2
124.0
13.7

12.5
171.6
136.3
38.7
124.4
13.8

12.5
172.0
136.7
38.5
123.8
13.9

12.6
173.1
136.9
38.6
124.1
13.9

12.4
172.3
137.5
38.6
123.6
14.0

12.4
172.0
137.0
38.7
124.1
13.9

12.3
172.5
137.3
38.8
123.9
13.9

12.2
172.7
138.6
38.5
124.2
13.9

12.3
173.2
138.9
39.5
124.3
14.0

124
174.7
138.4
39.2
123.6
13.9

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

...
....

....

See footnotes at end of table.




62

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997

1998

State
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan. |

Feb.

Mar. |

Apr. |

May | June |

July

| Aug. | Sept. | Oct.P

Trade

434.5
57.2
500.0
256.3

435.5
57.5
500.4
256.5

435.9
57.1

496.3
358.8

499.7
358.4

87.3

86.4

48.1

503.4
360.0
86.9
48.6

1,690.5

48.3
1,696.4

501.5
359.1
86.9
48.7

1,698.6

936.8
132.5
130.1
1,340.0
684.6

941.9
132.6
131.1
1,343.3
684.7

937.0
131.9
131.2
1,344.4
684.3

934.0
130.6
130.6
1,338.0
687.7

348.5
316.4
415.6
436.7
140.8

349.5
317.3
417.4
436.0
141.0

350.2
318.6
419.0
438.1
140.6

350.0
318.6
417.2
437.3
141.2

541.0
729.4
1,056.0
605.5
238.6

541.6
729.2
1,055.3
606.2
238.1

538.9
728.6
1,059.1
604.1
239.9

539.4
732.1
1,066.6
608.0
239.6

625.4
98.8
214.5
183.1
149.8

626.5
99.4
214.2
184.3
149.3

628.4
99.4
213.2
185.9
148.8

631.5
99.2
214.8
186.2
149.5

879.5
168.7

885.9
169.2
1,650.1
846.6
81.9

886.6

884.3
169.7

432.2
56.6

435.0
56.9

436.6
56.3

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

428.8
55.0
483.3
252.2
3,081.6

429.2
54.9
487.8
253.7
3,100.1

429.4
55.4
491.3
252.7
3,106.6

430.3
55.9
496.7
251.6
3,091.3

431.4
56.4
497.6
251.2
3,107.1

432.9
56.9
499.0
254.4
3,114.7

505.1
496.5
498.8
503.1
499.6
256.3
255.1
255.4
256.2
256.4
3,117.4 3,129.0 3,129.1 3,132.3 3,134.4 3,139.3 3,144.7

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

484.3
356.6
85.7
48.6
1,670.0

486.6

486.5

359.6
85.9
48.6
1,675.7

362.3
86.1
48.8
1,680.9

489.5
360.2
86.7
48.6

1,678.4

490.7
359.9
87.7
48.2
1,681.8

491.9
359.0
87.7
48.7
1,687.8

492.2
357.9
87.2
48.1
1,686.9

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

926.0
134.9
128.7
1,330.1
682.7

929.1
134.7
129.4
1,331.7
682.9

932.4
134.4
129.7
1,336.8
681.9

931.9
133.6
129.6
1,339.7
676.9

936.9
133.7
130.1
1,335.1
682.5

936.5
133.3
129.2
1,337.3
683.8

348.7
313.3
410.2
433.1
141.7

348.5
313.6
414.4
434.7
142.8

347.7
314.4
416.1
436.2
142.4

347.8
314.7
416.2
434.7
140.4

348.0
316.1
416.4
436.8
139.9

536.2
717.4
1,049.7
605.0
238.2

539.1
722.0
1,047.9
607.0
238.0

539.1
723.6
1,050.9
608.6
237.8

543.2
727.4
1,050.2
605.1
238.7

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

625.0
99.2
211.5
181.6
150.9

625.4
99.3
212.0
182.4
150.1

99.4
211.7
183.1
150.2

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

876.1

877.8
168.8
1,651.6
845.1
81.5

880.1
169.1
1,655.5
840.5
82.0

1,318.5
326.6
381.9
1,223.9
98.7

1,321.3 1,317.1 1,317.6 1,318.1 1,316.5 1,318.7 1,320.5
327.7
328.3
328.3
327.9
326.4
327.0
327.3
387.0
386.5
387.0
383.0
388.1
384.5
384.8

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

168.1
1,646.6
839.8
81.4
1,314.6
324.4
380.9

1,222.6
98.8

841.8

81.3

1,704.4
929.8
131.4
130.5
1,337.1
684.9

935.8
132.1
130.5
1,339.0
684.8

939.2
1325
130.3
1,337.7
683.1

349.9
319.8
416.7
437.6
141.6

349.6
321.3
419.8
437.5
142.1

350.1
321.3
418.8
436.9
142.6

3521
322.2
419.3
436.7
143.7

539.2
729.1
1,061.8
610.5
238.5

539.5
731.5
1,059.4
615.8
240.5

536.7
732.0
1,064.0
614.0
238.1

536.9
731.1
1,069.9
613.3
238.0

540.6
728.7
1,074.7
614.7
239.7

632.8
99.7
214.3
186.6
149.7

632.7
99.0
214.7
186.7
150.5

633.8
98.9
214.9
187.7
150.9

633.9
99.4
214.8
187.6
150.6

637.0
100.1
214.9
188.9
149.5

637.3
99.9
215.7
190.2
1524

890.7
170.8

891.1
171.0

891.3
171.9
1,665.4
850.0
81.0

891.4
171.9

894.1

1,666.3

892.0
173.7
1,671.8
850.8
80.8

1,320.9
328.7
385.2
1,236.7
98.7

1,236.7
99.1

1,322.0
331.5
389.2
1,240.1
98.2

441.8
89.4

443.2
89.9

443.9
89.6

80.8

80.6

1,228.0
98.6

1,216.7
98.5

1,221.3
99.2

1,224.1
99.0

1,227.9
98.6

1,230.4
99.1

1,229.9
98.8

430.0
87.2
618.1
2,084.5
242.7

431.0
87.5
619.5
2,086.0
243.9

433.2
87.3

436.2
87.9

437.7
89.3

439.8
89.5

440.8
89.3

64.8
730.9
615.4
163.4
608.6
52.5

65.0
735.3
618.1
163.6
611.7
51.9

426.5

610.7
2,063.2
240.2

614.8
2,071.0

241.2

427.6
88.1
618.4
2,081.5
242.7

65.0
730.0
610.1
164.1
607.8
52.5

65.1
732.3
611.9
164.3
608.5
52.3

65.3
734.4
612.8
164.5
609.5
52.3

See footnotes at end of table.




80.9

63

504.6

507.7
359.6
88.5
48.3
1,717.7

1,654.3 1,657.3 1,660.4 1,662.6
845.9
845.9
847.1
847.2
81.5

56.8

359.2
88.1
48.9
1,711.4

1,318.9
327.5
388.4
1,237.1
98.4

415.8
88.2

88.3

1,654.3

434.8

849.7
80.6

1,320.9
330.0
386.3

173.3
1,671.5
853.9
81.2

617.6
619.4
618.1
624.6
620.1
619.8
617.6
621.5
2,091.1 2,092.0 2,097.2 2,097.4 2,097.5 2,102.2 2,108.1 2,112.1
242.9
244.4
243.3
243.1
244.2
245.0
244.5
244.6
65.4
737.5
621.3
164.7
613.4
52.3

65.2
735.4
621.4
163.9
613.0
52.4

65.5
736.6
625.6
163.1
615.3
52.3

65.9
739.5
626.6
163.3
614.5
52.5

65.8
740.6
628.5
162.6
616.0
52.9

65.6
742.2
631.0
162.7
618.9
53.0

65.9
741.5
631.9
163.9
617.4
52.4

65.7
741.7
633.8
165.5
618.3
528

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997

1998

State
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona ..
Arkansas
California

84.9
12.2
129.2
44.3
763.5

84.9
12.2
130.0
44.4
764.7

85.1
12.2
130.3
44.5
765.1

85.1
12.1
130.5
44.3
765.8

85.3
12.1
131.4
44.4
769.9

85.6
12.2
132.4
44.8
772.7

85.8
12.3
132.9
44.8
776.1

86.2
12.4
133.4
44.8
780.0

86.4
12.5
134.7
44.7
782.2

86.5
12.6
135.1
44.5
786.0

87.0
12.6
135.4
44.0
786.3

86.8
12.6
135.2
44.1
788.2

87.3
12.5
136.1
44.1
789.4

Colorado
Connecticut
.
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

129.0
131.8
48.5
28.4
416.8

129.5
132.8
48.2
28.3
419.3

130.0
133.6
48.6
28.4
419.2

130.0
133.7
48.4
28.9
418.8

130.9
133.8
48.6
28.4
419.9

131.2
134.7
48.9
28.5
422.8

130.7
134.5
49.5
28.4
424.5

131.5
135.5
49.7
28.4
426.3

132.5
135.6
49.3
28.5
427.4

133.6
135.8
49.4
28.9
427.0

134.3
135.9
49.7
28.6
428.4

134.0
135.6
49.8
28.9
429.5

134.4
135.8
50.0
28.9
431.6

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

190.6
35.9
25.7
402 9
139.9

190.8
35.8
25.6
404.3
140.1

191.7
35.7
25.6
405.2
140.4

191.8
35.6
25.7
406.3
140.2

192.8
35.3
26.0
406.5
140.0

193.8
35.3
26.2
406.8
140.2

194.5
35.3
26.5
407.9
140.6

195.1
35.1
26.6
409.2
140.8

195.3
34.9
26.7
410.4
140.6

196.1
35.2
26.9
412.4
141.4

197.3
35.0
26.9
412.3
142.1

197.2
34.9
26.6
412.6
142.5

197.5
35.1
26.9
4121
1426

805
60.7
70.2
86.1
28.8

80.7
60.8
70.4
86.5
29.0

80.9
60.9
70.6
86.8
29.2

81.3
60.8
70.5
86.5
29.4

81.0
61.1
70.7
86.6
29.7

81.1
61.0
70.8
86.8
30.2

81.3
61.4
71.1
86.5
30.2

81.8
61.2
71.2
86.6
30.4

81.9
61.2
71.0
87.1
30.1

82.0
61.1
71.1
86.6
30.6

82.1
61.3
71.1
86.6
30.8

82.3
60.6
71.0
86.2
30.8

826
60.8
71.2
86.2
31.2

130.7
214.6
206.2
147.9
41.1

130.9
215.2
206.6
148.5
41.1

131.3
215.7
207.1
149.1
41.1

131.5
215.9
207.9
149.2
41.2

131.8
216.1
208.9
149.8
41.5

131.1
216.5
209.4
149.9
41.3

131.9
216.3
209.7
150.9
41.5

132.3
216.7
209.0
151.3
41.5

132.8
217.4
207.9
151.4
41.5

132.8
218.0
207.8
152.2
41.5

133.1
218.0
206.9
152.8
41.7

133.2
218.7
207.5
153.0
41.5

133.5
219.3
208.1
153.7
420

154.7
16 6
55.3
40.9
29.5

154.8
16 6
55.4
41.1
29.4

155.5
16.6
55.9
41.2
29.2

155.8
16.7
55.8
41.4
29.3

156.0
168
56.4
41.5
29.3

156.7
16.7
56.5
41.7
29.4

156.8
16.9
56.9
41.8
29.8

157.7
16.8
57.1
42.2
29.5

158.2
16.6
57.5
42.6
29.2

159.7
168
57.8
42.9
29.3

159.8
16.9
57.5
42.9
29.6

159.6
16.8
57.7
43.4
30.2

160.1
17.0
57.9
43.7
29.8

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

239 9
31 2
721.3
168.5
15.0

240.9
31.3
721.5
168.9
15.0

242.2
31.4
722.1
169.3
15.2

243.3
31.5
721.3
170.6
15.3

244.1
31.5
724.1
172.5
15.4

244.0
31.6
725.8
173.4
15.3

244.6
31.5
726.3
173.0
15.4

244.2
31.5
727.6
174.2
15.4

244.0
31.6
728.7
174.8
15.5

244.9
31.7
730.3
175.6
15.7

244.9
31.8
731.8
177.4
15.7

244.4
31.9
732.4
178.5
15.6

245.5
31.9
7328
180.4
15.7

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

288.4
69.9
95.7
314.4
26.6

288.7
70.2
96.1
315.3
26.7

288.9
70.2
96.0
317.6
26.6

290.0
70.3
96.4
317.5
26.9

289.8
70.5
96.0
318.5
27.0

290.5
70.7
96.7
318.5
26.8

291.9
70.9
96.5
319.3
27.0

292.1
71.1
97.0
320.2
27.2

292.0
71.0
97.4
320.6
27.7

292.6
71.3
97.3
321.4
27.7

293.2
70.8
97.4
321.4
27.9

293.4
71.0
98.1
321.5
27.9

294.0
71.2
97.9
321.6
28.0

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

75.3
21.4
122.0
469 0
53.6

75.3
21.6
121.7
469.7
54.0

75.8
21.7
121.7
471.2
53.9

76.0
21.7
123.4
473.5
53.7

76.6
21.6
123.5
475.6
53.8

76.9
21.6
123.2
477.4
53.7

77.6
21.7
122.7
478.5
53.7

78.1
22.0
122.8
479.8
53.5

78.5
22.3
122.8
481.8
54.1

79.0
22.2
122.9
482.8
54.4

79.1
22.5
122.9
484.0
54.4

79.3
22.7
122.8
484.7
54.4

79.4
228
1229
485.9
54.3

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12 3
168.6
130.3
28.5
141.1
8.2

12.3
169.1
130.4
28.5
141.8
8.2

12.2
169.5
131.0
28.6
141.9
8.2

122
170.6
131.5
28.4
141.8
8.2

12.1
170.7
132.0
28.3
142.2
8.3

12.1
170.7
132.5
28.4
142.3
8.3

12.2
170.6
133.7
28.4
142.6
8.3

12.3
171.1
134.5
28.2
143.0
8.2

12.2
170.9
134.4
28.1
144.2
8.2

12.3
172.5
135.6
28.5
145.0
8.4

12.3
172.5
136.4
28.6
145.3
8.4

12.3
172.9
136.3
28.5
145.2
6.5

122
174.3
136.4
28.9
145.7
8.4

Iowa .
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

..

.

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

.. .

...

See footnotes at end of table.




64

ESTABUSHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997

1998

State
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

|

July

| Aug. | Sept.

| Oct.P

Services

434.3
66.0

440.4
67.9
636.1
263.2

439.1
67.9

4,226.9

638.5
639.2
263.8
263.5
4,256.4 4,268.6 4,279.2

620.6
512.9
112.2
268.7
2,403.3

620.4
511.1
112.1
269.2
2,417.7

621.0
514.7
112.4
268.1
2,428.0

622.9
512.3
112.7
270.3
2,433.3

625.3
515.4
113.2
271.0
2,436.8

983.3
169.5
121.4
1,732.7
702.9

986.9
169.4
121.7
1,740.0
697.5

987.8
168.3
124.1
1,749.0
696.5

992.4

1,744.4
697.1

992.4
168.8
124.3
1,748.8
697.1

991.5
169.3
125.8
1,753.1
697.7

377.0
329.1
441.5
512.6
163.2

378.5
330.3
442.8
515.2
163.0

381.5
331.0
442.6
515.5
164.3

379.1
330.2
445.4
510.2
164.7

378.0
330.2
444.0
512.2
165.3

380.7
330.4
444.2
511.7
166.2

769.4
763.7
763.2
763.4
764.5
764.0
762.3
763.1
1,126.1 1,119.3 1,126.2 1,133.6 1,140.3 1,148.0 1,147.1 1,151.5
1,243.2 1,244.1 1,243.7 1,246.3 1,247.9 1,259.8 1,260.8 1,260.0
716.3
714.6
729.3
730.3
718.2
710.5
724.9
708.1
263.7
263.7
264.9
264.6
265.3
2627
261.3
263.8

772.5
1,152.5
1,268.1
728.9

773.4
1,153.1
1,270.5
730.6

607.4
506.9
110.7
266.0
2,347.9

609.8
505.4
111.0
267.5
2,363.5

609.0
509.3
110.9
265.7
2,370.1

617.0
509.0
111.9
266.2
2,389.7

973.2
169.5
123.9
1,714.0
700.7

9723
168.4
121.8
1,713.4
691.3

981.5
169.1
121.4
1,716.7
692.1

982.8
169.7
121.5
1,717.1
693.1

983.4

369.9
325.0
433.3
506.0
160.7

371.6
324.9
432.0
507.4
160.6

373.0
325.8
432.3
507.7
161.6

373.9
326.9
434.5
511.0
162.0

608.7
503.5
108.8
267.0
2,311.0

610.4
506.4
109.5
266.0
2,321.5

610.8
508.7
109.9
265.6
2,330.5

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

963.1
170.1
124.0
1,701.8
691.2

967.4
170.3
123.9
1,709.9
696.7

368.3
323.2
430.7
503.8
159.7

369.1
324.1
431.7
504.6
160.5

760.4
1,117.6
1,234.5
706.8

762.7
1,121.6

1,235.2

259.6

265.1

262.5

749.0
107.5
236.4
392.3
165.7

744.1
107.8
236.4
393.1
167.4

745.9
107.5
237.4
394.0
166.7

745.2
107.7
237.2
395.5
165.3

745.6
107.2
235.8
398.3
164.0

744.7
107.1
239.1
405.5
165.6

1,206.3
197.7
2,769.0
909.5

1,212.5
198.5
2,774.6
916.3
89.4

1,217.7
199.8
2,777.9
916.7
89.1

1,218.6
199.7
2,785.2
910.0
89.2

1,222.3
200.9

2,795.6

904.2
89.1

1,203.7
197.7
2,759.4
905.4
89.0

908.6
89.1

1,225.4
203.1
2,798.6
915.9
89.2

1,228.0
203.7
2,811.0
916.4
88.9

1,497.6
382.9
412.0
1,739.0
151.9

1,494.3
385.2
412.9
1,733.9
151.7

1,500.5
386.2
412.7
1,732.6
151.6

1,501.6
389.7
414.7
1,733.4
152.2

1,510.4
394.2
413.9

1,511.6
393.1
415.6
1,738.1
151.4

1,514.6
393.0
417.2
1,741.3
151.5

1,516.8
395.9
420.1
1,742.7
151.7

1,516.9
396.1
421.0
1,750.1
153.1

1,525.3
396.6
421.5
1,749.1
153.3

409.3
92.9
699.0
2,448.9
277.7

410.9
94.4
698.7
2,473.4
277.1

413.0

415.4
95.0

416.3

417.9
94.4

418.7
95.2
701.2
2,510.4
277.7

421.1
95.2
703.0
2,521.7
280.1

421.3
94.5

421.5

83.9
1,004.5
689.5
2025
693.5
48.8

84.2
1,007.8

85.7

86.7
1,035.7
716.9
205.3
704.8
49.4

744.3
106.0
233.4
386.7
166.0

746.5
106.6
233.3
387.2
165.7

746.2
106.1
234.3
386.5
165.2

747.0
107.1
236.8

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

1,187.1
197.2
2,722.0
891.3
87.2

1,192.9
197.4
2,729.4
896.2
87.5

1,195.1
197.2
2,736.5
899.5
87.8

1,194.6
196.8
2,734.3
899.8
88.4

1,198.2
197.7

2,750.1

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,481.9
381.7
404.5
1,721.6
152.5

1,485.0
382.6
404.2
1,728.8
152.3

1,484.7
383.0
408.7
1,732.9
152.1

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

398.6
92.7
690.6
2,436.5
273.6

400.2
92.2

401.4

692.6
2,447.2
275.6

691.1
2,457.1
276.4

84.3
991.9
686.6
202.9
690.7
48.9

84.7
999.2

84.0
683.3
202.8
688.8
48.9

202.5
692.3
49.0

165.3

203.4
691.0
48.5

See footnotes at end of table.




376.6
329.5
437.5
511.6
162.4

742.1
107.1
236.1
392.2
164.2

740.3
105.9
232.8
386.1
166.1

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

1,722.6

125.0

740.7
107.0
235.6
390.0
164.0

708.9
261.5

92.5

170.3
121.2

781.7
1,157.7
1,279.6
731.8
259.4

261.1

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

67.4
633.0
262.4

609.5
506.6
110.2
266.3
2,337.5

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

439.6

67.8

4,168.6

4,110.9

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

439.2
68.4

439.7
67.9
632.6
260.8
4,241.8

438.4
630.9
263.2
4,217.7

435.1
66.5
617.3
257.2
4,154.9

256.3

438.0
67.1

437.8
67.4
624.3
263.0
4,198.7

616.3
257.7
4,142.0

433.2
66.1
608.8

435.6
67.0
619.9

621.1
260.9
4,180.9

433.9
66.1
612.5
257.3
4,124.2

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

65

94.5
700.4

2,479.6 2,492.8
279.1

278.7

84.4
1,014.7
203.7

84.8
1,018.1
704.6
202.7

48.8

696.0
48.7

1,733.4
152.6
95.6
700.0
2,498.8
279.5
85.9
1,024.6
709.5
203.5
700.9

49.6

2,506.9
279.8
85.9
1,028.3
710.2
204.4
703.0
48.8

1,034.1
712.8

205.6
702.4
49.2

2,524.7
281.7

95.3
7025
2,532.8
283.6

85.7
1,034.1

1,036.6

715.0
206.6
704.1

85.3
719.3
208.9
704.9
49.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997

1998

State
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

Government
347.0
72.9
327.0
1828
2,155.2

347.1
73.3
327.3
183.5
2,163.6

347.3
73.5
327.5
183.9
2,160.5

346.7
73.1
325.4
183.7
2,157.5

346.2
73.3
329.5
184.0
2,161.0

346.3
73.2
332.6
184.7
2,170.2

345.2
73.6
332.3
185.3
2,175.6

344.9
73.4
333.5
185.1
2,180.2

346.3
73.1
341.2
185.5
2,186.0

344.9
73.6
333.9
189.9
2,173.3

346.9
72.7
335.5
190.9
2,186.2

350.1
73.1
346.3
186.4
2,191.8

348.6
73.5
341.8
187.3
2,195.7

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

316.2
225 3
53.4
229.9
944.8

316.2
225.6
53.6
229.3
949.3

317.0
226.3
53.8
228.6
950.5

318.2
225.8
53.9
230.0
956.9

317.8
227.0
53.8
227.9
953.2

318.0
226.8
53.7
227.2
951.3

318.3
226.2
54.1
228.8
949.1

320.7
225.3
54.8
229.1
954.2

318.9
226.0
54.6
226.7
954.6

323.3
225.0
55.2
219.5
962.6

319.9
225.5
54.4
228.1
956.2

323.0
226.3
54.8
226.0
961.6

322.2
226.0
54.2
225.0
966.6

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

581 3
112.7
997
807.5
389 4

581.1
112.1
996
806.2
3861

582.9
111.6
994
804.1
390.4

584.0
111.3
101 1
803.8
395 2

586.2
110.8
101.4
801.2
391.0

587.1
111.3
102.1
803.4
389.9

588.0
111.4
102.1
804.1
391.4

590.8
112.0
101.4
802.4
396.1

588.9
111.1
101.5
806.8
395.8

590.0
111.1
102.4
813.2
379.7

595.3
112.9
102.8
813.5
386.8

602.1
117.5
102.6
806.5
394.8

593.7
113.1
103.5
807.3
391.7

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana .
Maine

236.8
237.0
290 2
365.9
93.1

233.4
235.2
291.0
366.5
92.8

234.6
237.8
291.1
365.2
93.0

236.8
239.4
294.1
365.4
91.6

237.8
239.0
292.5
367.7
93.0

237.5
239.7
294.3
367.0
92.5

238.6
236.8
293.1
367.4
92.1

238.0
241.2
291.1
367.9
91.4

237.4
239.3
294.1
369.3
92.6

239.5
240.5
293.4
365.5
92.3

238.2
234.7
295.9
365.8
92.4

240.1
240.7
296.0
369.7
92.5

240.2
241.4
294.2
370.7
921

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

416.9
406.9
647.3
379.8
220.3

416.0
407.3
643.9
380.1
220.3

414.8
409.0
650.0
379.9
220.3

420.4
408.5
654.7
379.7
220.2

420.4
409.3
655.1
381.1
221.7

419.8
407.7
652.3
382.6
220.7

420.3
408.8
655.5
380.2
221.3

419.5
409.8
655.5
380.9
222.2

422.4
411.8
665.3
382.0
223.1

421.9
407.7
661.3
380.4
227.9

423.6
408.7
657.3
385.8
225.4

435.5
412.4
662.1
386.2
225.1

438.6
4128
659.6
383.2
226.2

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

415 4
77.3
1533
1080
78.2

414 1
77.3
1539
1080
78.4

416.4
77.9
154.0
1092
75.6

416.4
77.0
1528
1084
77.8

418.3
77.0
153.6
1095
78.4

415.3
77.6
152.7
109.3
77.9

416.5
77.8
153.3
110.5
79.5

419.1
79.0
152.0
109.5
79.1

427.9
76.3
151.2
111.6
78.7

419.1
78.9
152.2
112.4
80.9

419.1
77.7
150.4
113.7
78.0

423.7
78.2
153.2
114.6
79.2

4225
78.2
153.7
113.7
79.0

570 7
178 0
1,379.8
588.4
70 3

570.0
178 2
1,374.7
589.0
70.4

570.5
178.6
1,373.3
589.0
70.5

570.0
178.7
1,368.3
587.5
70.9

569.6
178.3
1,370.6
593.0
71.1

568.4
179.1
1,371.4
592.3
70.9

566.6
177.6
1,368.0
594.5
70.9

567.2
177.4
1,372.8
595.2
70.7

565.9
179.4
1,369.6
590.7
72.4

561.8
180.1
1,361.2
584.7
71.8

564.8
180.5
1,361.4
631.5
70.0

570.9
177.5
1,369.5
601.0
71.3

570.7
178.1
1,372.6
601.7
70.4

760.5
276.8
2521
713 7
64.1

761.4
277.6
248 9
712.7
63.8

760.9
277.3
253 9
713.8
64.8

763.4
277.6
254 7
717.8
65.1

760.6
278.7
255 6
712.2
65.3

761.7
280.4
256.3
711.2
64.7

762.7
280.1
256.3
712.6
65.8

766.3
282.0
257.7
712.4
66.2

765.0
279.3
258.2
697.2
65.8

773.0
278.1
255.7
704.0
65.1

768.0
281.4
257.6
699.9
64.2

773.5
285.9
259.9
728.3
63.9

769.1
283.1
258.9
724.9
63.8

299 9
70.4
384 0
1,493.9
1727

290.9
70.1
383.9
1,495.8
174.3

300.0
70.1
383.6
1,496.7
174.8

303.4
69.9
385.6
1,490.8
175.0

303.7
69.8
385.6
1,495.1
175.7

304.2
70.7
385.4
1,502.0
177.5

304.1
70.5
385.1
1,507.7
178.2

303.9
70.7
385.0
1,507.2
178.1

314.9
70.1
394.5
1,500.3
178.1

298.8
70.3
389.8
1,505.5
177.9

303.3
70.0
385.8
1,507.0
177.,7

304.5
70.2
397.4
1,524.6
179.5

305.5
70.3
398.1
1,527.5
179.8

455
597 8
459.0
140.5
387.9
57.0

45.4
598.6
456.3
140.9
387.7
56.9

45.7
598.5
460.3
140.8
388.7
57.1

45.4
595.7
456.3
139.3
390.0
56.9

45.6
596.7
457.5
140.2
391.3
57.0

45.4
597.2
457.0
139.9
390.0
57.3

45.4
597.8
459.5
139.8
392.5
57.5

44.8
597.9
457.7
150.8
391.8
57.8

45.5
599.7
460.3
138.5
391.1
57.4

44.5
600.2
465.5
137.7
392.5
59.5

45.3
600.8
467.7
141.8
394.0
59.7

45.5
604.5
460.1
142.6
393.1
57.9

45.7
602.2
463.7
141.6
393.3
57.4

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas.
California

. .

...

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
1

NOTE: All data have been adjusted to March 1997 benchmarks and incorporate
updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Includes mining, not shown separately.
Mining is combined with construction.
P • preliminary.
2




66

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1997

1998

Industry
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

Nov.P

34.7

34.7

34.8

34.7

34.6

34.5

34.7

34.6

34.6

34.6

34.4

34.6

34.6

41.2

41.4

41.6

41.4

41.0

40.8

41.1

41.0

41.1

41.1

40.8

41.1

41.0

Mining

45.2

44.9

45.4

44.4

43.8

44.1

44.6

43.8

44.8

43.8

43.2

43.7

43.7

Construction

38.2

39.0

39.8

39.2

38.5

38.7

38.6

38.4

39.2

39.1

38.4

39.1

38.9

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

42.1
4.9

42.2
4.9

42.1
4.9

42.0
4.8

41.8
4.8

41.4
4.5

41.8
4.6

41.8
4.6

41.7
4.6

41.7
4.6

41.6
4.5

41.7
4.5

41.6
4.5

Durable goods
Overtime hours
,
Lumber and wood products
,
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
,
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

42.9
5.2
41.1
40.6
42.9
45.2
45.3
42.7
43.7
42.0
44.1
44.5
42.2
40.5

43.0
5.2
41.0
40.7
43.6
45.2
45.4
42.9
43.7
42.0
44.5
44.9
41.9
40.6

42.8
5.2
41.2
41.0
43.7
45.2
46.0
42.7
43.6
41.8
43.9
43.9
41.9
40.4

42.8
5.1
41.1
41.0
43.6
44.8
45.4
42.7
43.4
41.9
43.8
43.8
42.0
40.4

42.5
5.0
41.2
40.7
43.2
44.6
45.3
42.4
43.3
41.4
43.4
43.5
41.5
40.5

41.9
4.6
41.2
40.7
43.3
43.9
44.9
41.8
42.6
41.1
42.1
42.0
41.3
40.1

42.4
4.8
41.2
40.7
43.5
44.5
45.6
42.6
43.0
41.4
43.3
43.3
41.4
40.0

42.3
4.8
41.3
41.0
43.2
44.4
45.1
42.5
43.2
41.4
42.7
42.4
41.3
40.0

42.2
4.8
41.2
40.7
43.5
43.6
43.8
42.4
43.0
41.3
42.6
41.7
41.3
40.0

42.3
4.8
41.2
40.7
43.6
44.1
44.5
42.3
43.1
41.7
42.6
42.3
41.4
40.1

42.2
4.7
40.6
40.1
43.3
43.7
44.2
42.3
42.7
41.5
43.7
44.3
41.0
39.6

42.3
4.6
41.1
40.5
43.5
43.6
43.7
42.2
42.7
41.5
43.6
43.8
41.1
39.8

42.2
4.6
41.3
40.2
43.3
43.7
43.0
42.1
42.1
41.5
43.8
44.3
41.0
39.5

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

41.0
4.5
41.5
39.0
41.5
37.2
44.0
38.8
43.4
(2)
42.0
38.2

41.0
4.4
41.6
38.8
41.7
37.5
43.7
38.6
43.2
(2)
42.1
38.4

41.1
4.4
41.8
38.3
41.8
37.4
43.6
38.5
43.5
(2)
42.0
38.3

40.9
4.4
41.5
38.5
41.5
37.4
43.4
38.5
43.4
(2)
41.8
38.8

40.8
4.4
41.5
37.7
41.2
37.2
43.4
38.4
43.4
(2)
41.5
37.9

40.7
4.2
41.3
38.2
41.0
37.7
43.0
38.2
43.1
(2)
41.7
37.3

41.0
4.4
41.8
39.3
41.3
37.4
43.5
38.4
43.1
(2)
42.1
37.3

40.9
4.4
41.7
39.0
41.1
37.4
43.6
38.2
43.2
(2)
42.0
37.6

41.0
4.4
42.0
40.6
41.0
37.4
43.5
38.4
43.0
(2)
42.1
37.0

40.9
4.3
41.5
39.6
41.0
37.5
43.3
38.5
43.3
(2)
41.6
38.1

40.8
4.3
41.7
37.7
40.4
37.3
43.6
38.1
43.2
(2)
41.7
37.4

40.9
4.3
41.5
38.5
41.1
37.3
43.6
38.2
43.3
(2)
41.8
37.4

40.9
4.4
41.8
38.0
40.8
37.4
43.6
38.1
43.1
(2)
41.6
37.4

32.9

32.9

33.0

33.0

32.8

32.9

33.0

32.9

32.9

32.9

32.8

32.9

32.9

Transportation and public utilities

39.9

39.9

40.0

39.9

39.8

39.6

39.8

39.5

39.6

39.3

39.3

39.4

39.3

Wholesale trade

38.5

38.3

38.5

38.5

38.3

38.3

38.5

38.2

38.3

38.4

38.2

38.3

38.5

Retail trade

29.0

28.9

29.0

29.0

28.9

29.0

29.1

29.0

29.1

29.0

29.0

29.1

29.0

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.7

32.7

32.8

32.7

32.6

32.6

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.5

32.7

32.7

Total private
Goods-producing

Service-producing

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular




components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.

67

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)
1997

1998

Industry
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

Nov.P

143.2

143.6

144.6

144.4

143.8

144.0

144.9

144.8

145.2

145.3

144.9

145.7

145.8

114.9

116.0

117.1

116.4

115.1

114.9

115.3

114.9

114.2

114.7

114.1

114.6

114.2

57.9

57.5

58.3

57.0

55.6

55.4

56.0

54.7

55.5

54.0

53.1

53.4

52.9

154.4

159.3

165.0

162.4

158.7

161.5

160.5

160.5

164.6

164.3

160.9

164.7

165.1

110.1

110.6

110.6

110.3

109.7

108.7

109.4

109.0

107.2

108.0

108.0

107.8

107.2

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
,
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

113.9

114.6
142.6
131.1
114.9
96.3
73.8
119.9
111.7
113.0
131.8
171.2
76.9
103.9

114.6
143.8
132.8
116.5
96.6
75.6
119.8
111.7
112.8

114.5

113.7

112.2

110.7
145.0

132.7

133.7
114.1

132.7
116.0

131.7
116.2

92.3

91.2
69.4

90.4
67.2

117.3
108.4

116.6

108.1
126.8

166.8
77.4
103.8

113.9
95.5
74.4
119.1
111.1
111.3
128.7
164.6
76.8
104.1

141.9
131.4
115.4

143.9

116.2
95.8
74.6
120.1
111.3
112.8
130.1
166.6
77.6
103.8

111.8
143.8
133.7
116.0
93.3
71.9

111.6

143.8

112.7
143.7

111.7

143.6

113.1
143.8
134.0
114.7
94.6
74.5
119.2
110.1
110.7
127.0
161.8
76.6
102.0

109.9

143.4
133.1

107.1
126.4
161.6
74.3

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

104.9
117.8
63.7
89.3
72.0
112.2
127.2
102.1
74.4
147.2

105.2
119.2
60.7
89.6
71.6
111.6
126.3
103.1
75.0
148.4

104.6

104.3
118.5
59.7
87.8
70.2
111.1
125.3
103.4
73.6

104.0
118.3
62.5
87.4
70.0
109.9
124.7
102.7

104.4
119.9
62.3
87.7
68.8
110.7
125.6

102.6

118.5
61.0
88.6
70.8
111.1
126.0
103.2
71.9
147.9

73.1

147.2

148.1

73.9
148.9

125.0
103.1
73.1
148.4

36.7

36.1

157.0

158.2

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction

,

Manufacturing

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

142.3
130.2
112.6
95.9
74.0
119.0
111.4
112.4
131.0
169.9
77.0
102.9

105.1
118.4

61.5
89.9
72.2

111.6
126.7

102.0
74.2
148.2

130.0

38.7

38.9

38.3

38.7

37.3

155.9

156.0

156.9

157.0

156.7

102.8

114.4
94.4
73.7
118.4
110.9
110.3

115.2
91.1
71.2
117.0
109.8

108.7

117.5
110.0
109.1

71.0
117.7
108.7

112.2
129.0
76.1
102.0

122.8
153.5
75.9
101.5

108.9
126.5
161.9
75.2
100.3

103.5

102.8
116.8
58.8
85.0
67.5
109.1

103.0
118.9
57.9
84.3
67.0
109.9

125.4
102.8

124.1
102.7

147.0

73.8
146.6

35.8

34.7

158.2

159.1

124.7
157.2
76.1
101.6
104.0
119.3
59.9
86.9
68.5
110.5

118.9
60.3
85.7
68.3
109.4
125.4
102.6
75.5

161.1
75.0

106.1

97.4
118.0
59.1
85.0
65.2
109.5

102.4
119.7
58.3
83.7
64.4
109.3

123.2
102.3
75.0

147.3

124.3
102.8
73.6
147.1

35.1

33.9

33.9

33.3

159.0

158.7

159.7

160.0

131.2

131.2

131.9

131.5

73.9

147.2

131.1

131.0

131.5

131.1

130.9

130.2

131.5

130.5

131.4

127.2

126.9

128.0

128.2

127.6

127.9

128.8

127.9

128.6

129.0

128.7

129.0

129.7

139.4

139.2

139.8

139.9

139.3

139.8

141.1

140.7

141.9

141.3

141.5

142.0

141.7

131.5

130.9

132.5

133.4

133.6

134.2

134.9

134.8

136.1

136.2

135.6

136.1

137.0

190.3

191.0

192.1

192.0

191.9

192.3

193.7

194.5

195.2

195.2

194.6

196.3

196.9

1

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.




93.7
73.4
117.5
109.1
110.1
124.6
158.9
76.6
103.4

134.4

144.0
134.3

68

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ALL-EMPLOYEE HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate) 1

Percent change

Industry

Total

Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ..
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

Sept.
1998 r

Oct.
1998 r

Nov.

Nov. 1997

Sept. 1998

Oct. 1998

1998 P

to

to

Nov. 1998 P

Oct. 1998 r

To
Nov. 1998 P

230,338

231,350

232,184

2.1

193,711

194,592

194,913

2.2

1,280
11,943
40,502
24,319
16,183
13,510
13,631
34,069
13,958
64,820

1,277
12,226
40,411
24,275
16,136
13,557
13,664
34,195
14,007
65,255

1,277
12,258
40,267
24,137
16,130
13,554
13,750
34,176
14,061
65,571

-8.2

36,627

36,759

37,271

1.6

1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p

-1.7
-1.8
-1.5
.9
2.3
2.1
3.9
4.0

0.4

-.2
2.4
-.2
-.2
-.3
.3
.2
.4
.4
.7

.0
.3
-.4
-.6
.0
.0
.6
-.1
.4
.5
1.4

largely on establishment data.
S e e BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS
Bulletin 2490, chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and
Major Subsectors".

= preliminary.

r

= revised.
NOTE:
Data
refer
to
hours of
all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based




7.3

0.4

SOURCE:
Office of Productivity and Technology (202—606-5606).
Historical data for this series also are available on the Internet at the
following address: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/opt/tableb10

69

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
1997

1998

Industry
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

NOV.P

Average hourly earnings

Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime2
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

$12.47 $12.50 $12.54 $12.59 $12.63 $12.70 $12.73 $12.76 $12.79 $12.85 $12.87 $12.90 $12.93
14.10

14.15

14.16

14.21

14.25

14.25

14.27

14.28

14.31

14.39

14.39

14.43

14.47

16.48
16.24
13.34
12.61

16.46
16.34
13.37
12.63

16.47
16.27
13.38
12.66

16.76
16.34
13.42
12.69

16.82
16.40
13.46
12.73

16.72
16.45
13.44
12.76

16.77
16.46
13.47
12.78

16.73
16.51
13.47
12.76

16.88
16.64
13.42
12.71

17.10
16.67
13.52
12.81

17.15
16.57
13.57
12.90

17.21
16.68
13.57
12.89

17.30
16.76
13.59
12.90

11.93

11.95

12.00

12.06

12.10

12.19

12.23

12.26

12.30

12.35

12.38

12.40

12.44

15.10
13.72
8.49
13.65
12.48

15.16
13.71
8.51
13.66
12.50

15.21
13.75
8.56
13.72
12.54

15.25
13.81
8.59
13.83
12.60

15.27
13.84
8.64
13.85
12.65

15.32
13.88
8.70
14.00
12.76

15.31
14.00
8.72
14.03
12.81

15.29
13.98
8.73
14.07
12.87

15.33
14.07
8.78
14.10
12.90

15.35
14.16
8.83
14.16
12.95

15.42
14.14
8.86
14.17
12.99

15.37
14.19
8.84
14.25
13.03

15.40
14.20
8.85
14.37
13.06

7.62
8.61
7.29

7.63
8.64
7.30

7.66
8.64
7.33

7.69
8.68
7.36

7.72
8.70
7.39

7.74
8.68
7.43

7.73
8.67
7.43

7.75
8.67
7.44

7.75
8.67
7.45

7.78
8.72
7.48

7.79
8.71
7.49

7.79
8.71
7.48

(4)
(4)
(4)

Average weekly earnings

Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction

432.71 433.75 436.39 436.87 437.00 438.15 441.73 441.50 442.53 444.61 442.73 446.34 447.38
580.92 585.81 589.06 588.29 584.25 581.40 586.50 585.48 588.14 591.43 587.11 593.07 593.27
744.90 739.05 747.74 744.14 736.72 737.35 747.94 732.77 756.22 748.98 740.88 752.08 756.01
620.37 637.26 647.55 640.53 631.40 636.62 635.36 633.98 652.29 651.80 636.29 652.19 651.96
561.61 564.21 563.30 563.64 562.63 556.42 563.05 563.05 559.61 563.78 564.51 565.87 565.34

Manufacturing
392.50 393.16 396.00 397.98 396.88 401.05 403.59 403.35 404.67 406.32 406.06 407.96 409.28
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

602.49
528.22
246.21
(5)
408.10

604.88
525.09
245.94
(5)
408.75

608.40
529.38
248.24
(5)
411.31

608.48
531.69
249.11
(5)
412.02

606.67
531.60
252.30
(5)
415.98

609.34
539.00
253.75
(5)
418.89

603.96
534.04
253.17
(5)
420.85

607.07
538.88
255.50
(5)
421.83

603.26
543.74
256.07
(5)
423.47

606.01
540.15
256.94
(5)
422.18

605.58
543.48
257.24
(5)
426.08

264.33 264.80 266.42 266.71 266.95 267.00 268.37 268.06 268.20 269.30 268.00 269.37
354.87 357.64 359.62 359.15 356.90 354.30 356.32 355.48 356.45 358.23 355.39 357.92
239.77 240.02 241.76 242.97 242.44 244.39 245.19 244.90 245.25 246.11 245.80 246.20
4

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and
one-half.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wager Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.




607.75
530.07
249.70
(5)
412.39

605.22
546.70
256.65
(5)
427.06
(4)
(4)
(4)

Not available.
This series is not computed because the average weekly hours'
component is not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.
5

70

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)
1987
SIC

Industry

r>/vJQ

uooe

Production workers1

All employees
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

Total

124,568 124,965 126,798 127,485 127,818

-

-

-

-

-

Total private

104,627 104,869 107,068 107,239 107,388

85,834

86,024

87,641

87,794

87,897
427

Mining

599

594

574

570

564

454

450

436

433

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

53.0
8.4
15.9

52.9
8.4
16.0

50.6
8.2
14.7

50.4
8.2
14.6

50.2
_
-

40.6
6.9
12.0

40.4
7.0
12.0

38.2
6.8
11.0

38.3
6.8
11.0

_
-

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

95.0
89.4

94.3
88.7

89.0
83.3

89.1
83.3

89.9
-

77.6
72.8

77.3
72.6

73.2
68.3

73.1
68.1

_

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

340.7
141.0
194.8

338.6
140.6
193.1

323.0
133.5
184.5

319.3
133.1
181.8

314.3
-

251.6
81.3
166.2

249.7
81.1
164.5

239.1
80.0
155.0

236.6
80.2
152.6

_
-

N on metal lie minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

14
142
144
147

110.2
42.5
37.4
11.5

108.2
41.9
36.2
11.5

111.8
43.1
38.4
11.5

111.1
42.9
38.1
11.5

109.2
_
_
-

83.8
33.3
_
-

82.1
32.7
_
-

85.0
33.6
_
-

84.7
33.5
_
-

_

5,984

5,879

6,259

6,270

6,192

4,686

4,580

4,884

4,894

966.5
482.6
11.1
472.8

959.5
479.9
10.8
468.8

1,020.2
518.8
11.3
490.1

1,024.5
520.1
11.4
493.0

_
-

Construction

-

_
4,813
_

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

1,361.1
704.3
27.2
629.6

1,355.8
703.1
26.9
625.8

1,448.4
762.6
28.8
657.0

1,453.1
763.4
29.2
660.5

1,442.2
-

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

871.1
281.4
589.7

823.4
250.7
572.7

901.4
294.7
606.7

905.1
288.0
617.1

869.7
-

736.4
235.4
501.0

688.2
204.8
483.4

765.2
247.7
517.5

769.1
241.7
527.4

-

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

3,751.4
805.9
214.1
706.2
493.6
259.0
259.4

3,699.8
802.7
206.8
709.2
487.3
257.2
250.0

3,909.6
835.4
218.1
743.5
530.1
284.4
265.4

3,912.0
838.8
216.0
746.9
531.3
283.8
264.4

3,880.2
-

2,982.7
598.0
179.4
560.1
427.1
200.2
208.4

2,932.2
593.5
172.2
565.2
420.7
197.4
199.4

3,098.9
617.9
182.4
589.0
460.8
216.4
213.0

3,100.3
620.2
179.7
592.0
461.8
215.6
212.1

_
_
_
-

18,784

18,814

18,777

18,681

18,633

13,008

13,023

12,946

12,864

12,823

11,077

11,126

11,103

11,066

11,043

7,613

7,649

7,592

7,570

7,556

662.7
69.0
159.3
125.3
32.4
238.3
90.4
66.7
24.3
26.7
46.3
76.3
60.4
73.5

659.2
67.3
158.5
124.7
32.2
238.5
90.5
67.2
24.3
26.6
46.1
75.4
59.9
73.4

671.2
65.2
157.8
122.5
33.5
250.8
95.4
70.9
24.8
26.4
44.4
79.0
63.3
74.0

670.4
64.7
157.2
122.1
33.2
251.2
95.5
72.0
24.7
26.1
44.9
78.7
63.1
73.7

668.2
_

408.3
233.9
107.7
73.9
15.5
26.9

410.1
235.1
108.2
74.5
16.1
26.7

416.8
236.7
109.0
76.1
13.8
27.6

417.8
238.0
109.5
76.1
14.9
27.0

419.2

Manufacturing
Durable goods

-

_
-

Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
,
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
MiIIwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

803.5
85.8
182.8
144.2
36.7
296.1
117.0
82.3
28.6
29.0
54.1
94.7
71.7
90.0

799.3
83.8
181.8
143.4
36.5
296.1
117.0
82.7
28.6
28.9
54.0
93.8
71.3
89.8

815.9
82.3
160.9
140.9
37.7
311.7
123.2
87.4
29.1
29.1
52.2
98.2
75.3
90.6

815.1
81.9
180.4
140.6
37.5
311.7
123.0
88.4
29.1
28.8
52.7
97.9
75.2
90.5

812.5
-

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515

513.1
277.3
124.4
87.6
18.9
34.6

515.6
278.7
124.8
88.4
19.4
34.6

523.9
280.1
125.6
89.7
17.0
35.9

525.4
281.6
126.3
89.5
18.2
35.3

526.7
-

,

See footnotes at end of table.




71

_
_

-

-

_
_
_
_
-

_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
OUU6

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

Production workers'

All employees
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

252
253
254
259

63.6
43.7
88.3
40.2

64.7
43.6
88.6
40.0

65.7
45.6
90.8
41.7

65.5
45.9
90.6
41.8

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

562.4
16.8
72.9
26.0
46.9
64.6
17.3
33.7
39.0
224.3
18.7
74.5
113.2
78.8
20.1
2.6
24.1

557.4
17.0
72.7
25.8
46.9
64.2
17.3
33.6
38.9
219.9
18.4
73.6
110.0
78.7
20.0
2.5
24.2

574.0
16.6
71.7
25.9
45.8
64.8
17.7
33.0
37.8
232.4
18.8
77.9
117.6
80.7
20.4
2.6
24.7

572.9
16.5
71.4
25.7
45.7
64.6
17.5
33.1
38.2
231.8
18.6
78.1
117.0
80.4
20.2
2.5
24.6

570.9
_
_

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

713.6
235.4
163.1
28.2
132.0
81.4
4.6
27.5
39.1
22.0
167.8
22.2
21.1
71.9
92.4
25.6

718.0
236.3
163.6
28.5
133.0
81.5
4.7
27.9
39.4
22.2
168.6
22.3
21.3
72.1
93.1
25.9

711.5
231.8
159.5
28.8
131.7
80.1
4.6
28.6
38.8
22.6
170.1
22.2
20.9
72.6
91.6
26.1

705.3
229.4
158.2
28.3
130.9
79.7
4.6
28.5
37.8
21.7
168.1
22.2
19.9
72.4
91.6
26.3

701.1
226.3
_
-

1,486.7
37.5
30.1
125.9
43.0
69.6
58.8
23.2
21.4
455.0
79.1
79.5
100.6
121.7
31.0
106.0
55.4
50.6
257.5
32.5
114.7
97.3

1,493.9
37.2
29.8
126.5
43.2
70.1
60.0
23.8
21.8
456.4
79.4
79.6
101.2
121.6
31.2
106.8
55.8
51.0
258.9
32.8
115.7
97.2

1,488.7
36.8
29.6
125.4
42.9
69.3
58.9
23.9
20.7
458.1
80.7
80.4
98.2
123.0
32.3
106.9
55.6
51.3
259.5
33.4
114.8
97.9

1,487.4
36.4
29.3
124.7
42.4
69.2
59.3
23.9
21.1
459.5
80.7
80.8
98.7
123.4
32.4
107.1
55.8
51.3
259.2
33.3
114.9
97.6

1,486.3
_
_
-

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws ... 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgingsand stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee

See footnotes at end of table.




72

_
-

-

_
_
_
-

_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

46.9
34.6
66.3
26.6

48.0
34.3
66.1
26.6

47.8
35.4
68.1
28.8

47.6
35.5
68.1
28.6

441.4
13.6
60.9
23.4
37.5
51.5
13.2
26.2
30.8
173.6
12.2
56.9
90.4
60.5
16.0
2.1
-

436.9
13.8
60.4
23.1
37.3
51.0
13.2
26.3
30.6
169.8
11.9
56.5
87.3
60.6
15.9
2.1
-

450.2
13.2
59.0
22.8
36.2
49.9
13.3
25.3
29.7
181.2
12.1
60.5
94.3
63.4
16.1
2.2
-

449.6
13.0
58.8
22.5
36.3
50.1
13.1
25.4
30.0
180.8
12.0
60.5
94.0
63.3
16.0
2.2
-

448.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

558.8
181.5
126.8
21.2
108.4
67.6
3.5
22.5
30.2
17.8
129.1
17.6
15.7
55.1
75.0
21.0

563.0
182.3
127.4
21.4
109.3
67.8
3.6
22.8
30.5
18.0
129.7
17.7
15.8
55.2
75.9
21.3

556.9
179.1
124.4
21.8
107.8
66.3
3.4
23.5
30.3
18.5
130.3
18.1
15.6
54.3
74.4
21.4

551.4
176.5
122.8
21.4
107.3
66.0
3.5
23.4
29.3
17.6
128.8
18.1
14.6
54.5
74.5
21.7

548.0
174.5
_
_
_
-

1,123.0
32.0
26.0
96.3
33.3
53.1
42.0
16.6
14.7
333.7
58.0
58.9
72.5
93.5
22.5
83.3
45.0
38.3
204.6
24.9
94.3
75.6

1,127.9
31.7
25.7
97.0
33.4
53.6
43.1
17.2
15.0
334.3
58.2
58.9
73.0
93.1
22.7
84.0
45.4
38.6
205.8
25.1
95.3
75.5

1,122.1
31.2
25.6
96.2
33.2
52.9
41.6
17.3
13.5
336.3
59.2
59.9
70.8
94.6
23.8
83.4
45.1
38.3
204.6
25.4
93.7
75.2

1,120.3
30.7
25.2
95.9
32.8
53.0
42.1
17.3
13.9
336.9
59.4
60.1
70.8
94.6
23.9
83.8
45.5
38.3
204.2
25.2
93.6
75.1

1,120.0
_
_
_
_
_

-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

SIC

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

139.9
86.1
53.8
42.3
22.4
263.8
25.8
56.7

140.7
86.4
54.3
41.8
22.2
265.6
26.2
57.0

138.6
84.5
54.1
39.9
21.2
264.6
24.9
56.9

138.5
84.7
53.8
39.8
21.1
262.9
24.7
57.2

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

2,175.4
83.4
24.4
59.0
101.1
78.1
248.0
89.8
17.2
49.6
40.6
31.6
350.3
42.1
17.9
167.9
53.6
21.2
182.9
15.0
22.8
25.3
263.4
30.3
40.3
26.4
35.3
18.0
21.9
380.6
198.6

2,186.5
82.8
24.3
58.5
102.9
78.0
249.6
90.3
17.1
50.7
40.9
31.6
352.1
42.2
18.0
169.4
53.8
20.9
184.6
15.2
23.0
25.3
264.9
30.4
40.5
26.4
35.3
18.1
22.2
378.7
198.5

2,174.5
82.7
23.5
59.2
98.2
77.1
252.7
92.1
16.8
49.7
42.0
32.7
346.9
42.3
17.8
166.4
53.6
20.2
179.7
15.0
23.1
24.6
264.7
30.3
41.2
26.6
35.8
18.4
21.9
372.8
195.0

2,163.8
82.9
23.3
59.6
98.8
75.3
251.5
91.6
16.8
49.3
41.9
32.5
345.1
41.9
17.8
166.2
53.3
20.0
178.3
14.9
23.0
24.6
263.1
29.9
41.0
26.5
35.5
18.2
21.7
370.7
191.9

61.7
197.9
135.7
367.8
22.7
298.1

61.0
200.8
138.2
370.1
22.7
300.2

62.2
201.5
137.6
375.3
23.4
303.2

62.8
199.4
135.8
374.0
23.5
301.8

1,703.6
82.2
39.1
43.1
153.3
76.5
56.7
114.5
22.2
17.1
27.6

1,714.9
83.3
40.2
43.1
153.5
76.1
57.0
115.3
23.2
17.3
27.1

1,688.7
83.6
39.0
44.6
151.6
75.4
55.5
115.5
24.3
17.7
25.7

1,678.4
83.0
38.8
44.2
151.0
74.8
55.5
115.0
23.4
18.0
25.5

uooe
Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee....

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634

See footnotes at end of table.




Production workers1

All employees

1987

73

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

_
_
_
2,155.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
366.6
_
1,676.1
_
_
—

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

113.1
70.5
42.6
23.6
10.3
194.4
19.2
43.0

113.5
70.4
43.1
23.3
10.3
195.2
19.4
42.9

111.8
68.9
42.9
23.3
9.8
193.7
18.1
42.6

111.6
69.1
42.5
23.4
9.8
191.7
17.7
43.0

1,369.8
53.6
13.8
39.8
73.0
56.5
161.8
61.1
10.3
33.8
22.7
21.8
250.5
26.6
11.3
128.6
38.1
14.7
100.5
9.9
12.9
15.0
168.7
17.6
31.5
15.4
23.8
13.0
15.3
144.0
67.1

1,377.9
52.3
13.7
38.6
74.9
56.6
163.4
61.7
10.3
34.6
22.8
22.0
251.1
26.6
11.3
129.7
38.2
14.4
101.0
9.9
13.0
15.1
169.5
17.6
31.6
15.3
23.8
13.2
15.4
143.2
67.5

1,371.2
53.6
13.4
40.2
70.1
55.2
163.7
62.6
10.0
33.3
22.7
22.7
247.1
26.6
11.2
126.8
38.2
14.4
97.8
9.7
12.9
14.6
168.4
17.7
31.8
14.8
24.7
13.4
15.4
144.0
71.6

1,366.5
54.0
13.1
40.9
71.0
53.6
162.8
61.9
9.9
33.2
22.6
22.6
245.6
26.4
11.2
126.3
38.0
14.3
98.1
9.7
13.0
14.7
167.5
17.5
31.6
14.8
24.6
13.3
15.3
143.5
70.4

25.1
140.8
102.0
276.9
18.1
229.6

24.3
143.2
104.0
279.3
18.1
231.8

23.8
145.0
104.3
281.5
18.8
232.2

24.3
143.3
102.8
280.7
18.8
231.3

1,079.0
55.6
26.9
28.7
107.1
59.7
32.8
89.6
16.9
13.5
21.1

1,086.5
56.5
27.6
28.9
107.1
59.2
33.1
90.9
17.9
13.7
20.7

1,056.1
55.2
25.2
30.0
105.2
58.2
32.1
92.4
19.6
14.5
19.2

1,049.9
54.7
25.0
29.7
104.2
57.6
31.9
92.4
18.8
14.9
19.4

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

_
_
1,362.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
1,047.3
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC

Production workers1

All employees
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

_
651.6
_
-

129.8
16.8
41.0
13.6
16.4
50.7
31.4
132.0
59.9
406.5
16.5
131.7
101.5
107.7
20.9
51.6

130.8
16.9
41.5
13.6
16.5
51.2
31.6
133.2
60.2
408.4
16.8
131.2
102.5
108.4
20.8
52.3

130.3
16.2
41.2
13.9
16.0
50.7
31.5
126.7
58.1
392.1
15.9
125.8
99.0
103.5
20.0
50.0

130.3
16.4
40.8
14.0
16.4
50.0
30.7
125.8
57.8
389.3
15.8
124.2
98.5
103.2
20.0
49.7

1,882.5
998.0
357.0
42.3
539.0
38.7
522.4
271.8
103.6
147.0
162.5
100.5
62.0
34.7
86.7
60.3
55.4
24.0

1,885.5
1,002.7
521.5
_
_
_
_
-

1,266.5
782.7
272.2
32.7
433.4
28.0
261.8
115.4
54.7
91.7
117.3
70.0
47.3
24.8
24.4
15.4
38.6
18.6

1,285.5
798.0
280.5
32.7
439.9
28.4
264.6
117.0
54.8
92.8
117.8
70.1
47.7
25.1
24.5
15.4
38.5
18.5

1,246.6
754.9
255.2
33.3
418.2
30.8
262.7
115.3
53.0
94.4
123.4
72.0
51.4
25.5
23.0
14.5
41.2
20.2

1,249.1
758.6
256.2
33.4
420.5
31.1
261.7
114.6
52.2
94.9
123.5
72.3
51.2
25.4
22.6
14.4
41.3
20.3

1,252.7
763.5
_
—
_

854.4
159.1
298.1
39.3
65.4
76.8
277.7
108.4
96.6
36.7
75.6
7.2

849.1
157.9
295.3
38.9
64.8
75.9
277.7
108.3
96.6
36.2
74.6
7.4

844.4
_
_
_
_
-

426.6
42.6
153.5
27.6
33.4
32.2
160.7
67.9
58.8
23.5
39.8
6.5

427.4
42.9
153.6
27.4
33.6
31.9
161.6
68.0
59.5
23.3
39.5
6.5

428.8
44.3
152.3
27.3
33.2
31.4
165.3
70.3
60.1
25.7
35.2
6.0

426.4
44.2
150.3
26.6
32.5
30.6
165.6
70.2
60.0
25.4
34.9
6.0

423.9
_
-

388.8
50.8
38.0
16.9
99.7
34.1
65.6
30.1
23.5
13.4
167.8
74.9

385.9
51.4
38.5
16.8
97.9
33.3
64.6
29.9
23.4
13.6
166.5
74.9

383.5
-

276.8
34.5
25.6
12.9
75.1
25.2
49.9
20.6
16.9
9.9
116.8
46.3

274.1
34.4
25.5
12.8
73.6
24.7
48.9
20.5
17.1
10.2
115.7
45.9

271.7
35.1
25.8
13.5
67.0
21.7
45.3
20.8
17.0
10.0
118.3
49.1

268.7
35.3
26.0
13.4
65.3
21.0
44.3
20.7
17.0
10.2
117.0
49.2

266.3
_
_

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

181.5
21.8
62.2
18.0
22.0
78.7
53.1
275.7
121.0
668.8
22.6
287.3
148.2
148.9
26.7
65.4

182.5
21.8
62.8
18.0
22.2
79.5
53.7
278.1
122.5
672.8
22.8
288.7
148.8
149.9
26.6
66.5

183.3
20.6
63.7
18.6
21.2
78.5
52.9
274.1
126.8
657.2
22.0
283.0
144.8
144.9
25.6
65.1

181.5
20.5
62.0
18.4
21.5
78.3
52.6
271.8
125.8
652.8
21.8
279.4
145.1
145.0
25.6
65.3

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

1,858.1
989.6
352.3
40.8
542.3
34.4
513.3
270.0
100.6
142.7
155.1
98.3
56.8
33.1
90.9
62.8
53.0
22.1

1,882.1
1,006.6
361.5
41.0
549.1
34.9
518.7
272.9
101.3
144.5
156.3
99.0
57.3
33.4
91.1
62.9
52.9
22.0

1,882.2
996.3
358.2
42.1
536.8
38.2
523.5
272.6
104.3
146.6
162.5
100.2
62.3
34.5
87.4
60.8
55.3
23.8

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

866.4
161.3
300.1
40.9
65.8
76.4
277.2
108.0
95.2
36.0
84.0
7.8

867.3
161.3
300.4
40.6
66.0
76.2
277.9
108.4
95.8
35.9
83.9
7.9

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

394.0
49.8
37.5
16.3
109.2
38.1
71.1
30.3
24.4
14.4
164.0
70.3

390.9
49.3
37.1
16.3
107.5
37.4
70.1
30.4
23.9
13.9
163.5
70.4

O006

Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential ing fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

See footnotes at end of table.




74

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

-

-

_
_
_
—

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
oooe

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
,
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
,
Frozen fruits and vegetables
,
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

Production workers'

All employees
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

7,707
1,723.9
491.5
152.1
96.8
242.6
140.7
39.8
62.1
242.6
19.7
75.5
52.6
126.0
19.0
39.9
210.5
150.4

7,688
1,704.9
496.4
153.0
97.8
245.6
140.5
39.9
62.0
225.3
18.6
65.8
48.3
125.7
19.1
39.5
211.4
151.3

7,674
1,768.4
503.8
154.1
101.0
248.7
142.4
40.1
62.3
281.2
19.9
106.9
58.4
125.1
19.4
39.9
209.3
151.5

7,615
1,731.9
506.2
155.4
100.8
250.0
142.4
40.2
62.4
240.7
19.4
72.1
55.2
124.9
19.5
40.1
208.6
151.4

7,590
1,717.9

5,395
1,288.0
418.0
127.3
75.4
215.3
92.9
32.5
35.0
205.8
15.9
63.7
46.2
90.5
11.7
26.0
142.2
91.5

5,374
1,269.8
422.5
128.6
75.8
218.1
93.2
32.5
35.3
189.3
14.7
54.6
42.2
90.5
11.7
26.0
142.4
91.6

5,354
1,326 1
428.1
128.4
79.5
220.2
97.0
32.5
36.7
243.9
16.1
95.0
51.7
88.2
11.7
25.7
141.4
92.1

5,294
1,293.1
431.3
129.9
79.6
221.8
97.2
32.6
37.1
203.7
15.6
60.5
48.5
87.9
11.7
25.8
141.4
92.5

5,267
1,280.6

60.1
111.8
5.9
4.2
14.2
59.8
34.5
181.8
33.5
93.5
184.5

60.1
109.9
7.9
4.2
11.1
59.6
33.7
181.0
33.4
93.8
181.0

57.8
101.3
5.5
4.1
9.2
55.9
35.7
186.9
33.3
97.8
182.7

57.2
107.8
6.5
4.0
12.8
57.0
36.0
186.4
32.8
97.3
178.9

50.7
90.7
4.5
3.1
13.2
48.8
24.0
89.1
21.2
38.7
134.8

50.8
88.0
6.0
3.1
10.2
48.3
23.8
88.6
21.2
38.6
131.5

49.3
79.5
4.0
3.2
8.1
44.1
24.3
91.4
20.8
40.4
132.3

48.9
86.4
5.0
3.1
11.7
45.3
25.0
91.1
20.3
39.7
129.1

_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
-

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

43.7
27.6

43.6
27.7

41.2
25.9

41.9
25.6

41.9
-

34.7
20.6

34.5
20.6

32.7
19.4

33.1
19.0

33.0
-

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

611.3
71.8
65.1
13.9
21.5
169.0
19.4
37.5
50.6
14.7
24.9
65.8
30.7
20.6
64.0
85.7
62.5
16.3
54.5

611.2
71.9
65.2
13.9
21.2
168.6
19.2
37.5
50.5
14.3
25.2
66.0
30.9
20.7
65.0
85.4
62.2
16.2
54.0

594.9
68.3
64.7
12.4
21.0
159.8
17.1
36.9
48.4
12.4
23.8
62.5
28.4
19.7
67.1
84.1
61.3
16.4
55.0

588.4
68.3
64.0
11.8
20.9
156.8
16.9
36.5
47.5
12.2
22.5
61.9
28.4
19.3
67.0
82.9
60.2
16.3
54.8

584.8

518.9
64.2
54.8
11.8
17.9
144.9
17.0
32.8
43.7
12.9
20.8
53.8
25.2
16.5
53.2
75.7
55.6
13.9
42.6

518.2
64.4
54.8
11.7
17.7
144.0
16.9
32.7
43.3
12.5
21.0
53.9
25.3
16.6
54.3
75.4
55.4
13.8
42.0

503.7
61.4
55.1
10.4
17.1
135.8
14.7
32.1
41.6
11.0
19.9
51.4
23.2
16.0
55.7
74.0
54.3
14.0
42.8

497.1
61.2
54.5
9.9
17.1
132.9
14.6
31.8
40.5
10.9
18.7
51.1
23.3
15.8
55.6
73.0
53.4
14.0
41.8

493.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

821.8
28.9
203.2
41.1
68.7
29.9
252.7
22.6
40.3
26.4
163.4

814.1
29.1
200.8
40.6
68.3
29.7
249.8
22.2
39.7
25.8
162.1

766.2
27.6
184.7
36.5
65.2
28.3
228.9
20.2
36.1
23.7
148.9

752.0
26.6
181.2
35.2
64.2
27.8
222.8
19.7
35.7
22.9
144.5

739.0
_

670.9
23.3
172.3
35.4
59.4
25.7
205.0
17.5
31.6
20.9
135.0

663.1
23.6
169.9
35.0
59.1
25.4
202.4
17.1
30.9
20.2
134.2

616.9
22.2
155.9
31.6
56.4
24.4
180.5
15.3
27.7
17.7
119.8

603.3
21.2
152.8
30.5
55.4
24.0
175.2
14.7
27.3
17.3
115.9

591.3
_
_
_
_
_

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

See footnotes at end of table.




75

_
_
-

_

-

_
_
_
—

_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC

All employees

Production workers'
Nov.
1998P

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

34.2
24.8
9.4
30.4
12.2
34.1
221.1
18.8
56.7
61.7

34.0
24.7
9.3
29.3
11.7
33.9
220.0
18.6
56.6
61.2

31.3
22.7
8.6
26.1
9.6
32.0
218.5
18.4
57.2
61.1

30.9
22.4
8.5
24.6
9.4
31.2
217.7
17.8
57.6
61.5

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

684.9
157.0
49.8
220.5
133.1
17.1
47.6
245.9
47.2
40.7
25.5

686.6
157.2
49.6
220.9
133.7
17.1
47.5
247.3
47.4
40.8
25.8

680.9
154.0
50.0
218.3
132.0
16.9
46.8
246.9
48.2
39.9
25.0

676.1
152.1
49.4
216.9
131.4
16.5
46.5
246.1
47.9
39.9
24.9

675.1
_
_

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

1,556.1
442.7
136.3
124.9
87.1
37.8
88.8
574.5
373.7
180.9
42.9
66.4
49.7

1,564.6
445.1
136.4
127.3
89.0
38.3
89.6
577.0
375.6
181.3
42.9
66.7
49.6

1,562.2
442.3
139.1
126.8
88.2
38.6
91.2
576.2
376.2
180.8
42.6
65.7
49.4

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

1,034.8
116.3
70.1
157.0
80.1
45.1
268.3
211.5
159.7
42.4
40.1
77.2
51.6
137.4
23.1
111.8
50.5
94.0

1,034 0
116.5
70.4
157.0
80.2
45.1
268.4
212.5
158.4
42.5
40.3
75.6
51.7
137.2
23.2
111.5
50.6
94.2

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

140.7
95.9
30.5

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

1,001.1
77.3

PnHo

ouoe
Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

Oct.
1998P

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

27.0
20.1
6.9
25.2
10.6
27.4
177.2
14.6
48.0
48.9

26.7
19.9
6.8
24.1
10.1
26.9
176.0
14.5
47.9
48.3

24.7
18.0
6.7
21.3
8.3
25.7
173.0
14.3
48.2
47.2

24.5
17.8
6.7
19.8
8.0
24.2
172.2
14.0
48.7
47.6

523.5
122.2
38.5
171.1
100.2
15.3
38.2
182.4
24.5
32.1
20.1

519.1
121.0
38.6
169.5
98.7
15.2
38.0
180.7
24.1
31.3
19.3

514.0
119.2
37.9
167.9
97.9
14.8
37.7
179.8
23.6
31.2
19.2

514.2
_

_
_
_
_
-

522.2
122.2
38.4
171.0
99.8
15.3
38.4
181.2
23.7
32.0
20.0

1,566.2
443.2
139.3
125.7
87.3
38.4
91.9
579.1
378.5
181.5
42.7
65.5
49.3

1,572.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

847.0
148.1
46.8
63.4
33.7
29.7
41.9
410.6
266.2
128.5
30.2
50.4
33.5

853.3
149.3
47.1
65.5
35.1
30.4
42.3
413.0
268.2
128.8
30.4
50.5
33.4

840.8
147.0
44.3
60.8
30.7
30.1
43.3
410.6
268.3
127.2
29.2
50.0
33.3

841.1
146.6
44.4
58.6
28.6
30.0
43.8
413.0
270.4
127.7
29.3
49.8
32.9

841.3

1,035.0
115.2
69.6
153.3
80.7
42.9
274.1
217.5
158.1
41.6
41.7
74.8
52.6
136.4
23.3
110.7
50.6
94.7

1,035.2
114.2
68.9
153.3
80.1
42.7
275.3
218.4
157.9
41.4
41.5
75.0
52.4
137.0
23.0
111.6
50.9
94.2

1,035.4

575.0
58.8
35.3
104.1
49.5
35.3
119.9
96.4
98.5
22.5
22.3
53.7
27.6
78.5
13.9
62.8
30.6
57.0

576.1
59.2
35.4
104.6
49.7
35.5
120.8
97.1
97.5
22.5
22.7
52.3
27.4
78.9
14.0
63.1
30.7
57.0

582.4
63.0
36.2
100.6
48.7
33.8
123.9
100.9
99.3
23.5
23.6
52.2
27.6
80.0
14.1
64.1
30.2
57.8

580.7
63.5
35.9
99.4
48.1
33.6
124.5
101.1
98.2
23.4
23.4
51.4
27.5
79.5
13.9
63.8
30.6
57.5

580.7

139.4
95.8
29.2

137.0
91.9
30.5

136.4
91.8
30.2

135.3

91.8
62.5
21.6

91.3
60.2
23.1

90.8
60.1
22.8

90.0

-

93.2
62.6
22.9

1,000.8
76.3

1,008.4
80.4
6.1
71.5
29.7
111.3
739.1

1,006.6
111
6.0
71.3
29.8
110.8
740.8

1,008.8
_
_
_
_
—

777.1
57.4
5.9
53.9
22.0
85.6
574.3

776.5
56.3
5.8
54.2
22.1
85.8
574.4

781.6
59.6
4.5
54.8
23.1
85.1
577.6

780.8
56.9
4.4
54.7
23.3
84.8
580.0

7.3

7.3

70.0
28.1
111.6
734.9

70.5
28.4
112.3
734.4

See footnotes at end of table.




Sept.
1998

76

_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_

_
-

_
_
_
—
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
-

783.2
_
_

_
—

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

SIC

Industry

uoae
Nondurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Class I railroads plus Amtrak2

40
4011

Production workers1

All employees

1987
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

79.0
-

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

68.0
10.5
31.8
17.0
8.1
7.8
5.7

67.0
10.6
31.1
16.7
8.0
7.7
5.6

59.5
9.7
27.4
14.3
6.9
6.4
4.9

59.8
9.7
27.1
14.1
6.9
6.8
5.1

59.1
_
_
-

5,424

5,416

5,498

5,521

5,517

88.4
12.8
39.0
21.2
10.4
10.4
9.4

79.9
11.8
34.0
18.3
8.7
9.7

8.9

80.1
11.9
34.0
18.6
8.6
9.7
8.8

6,501

6,498

6,623

6,643

6,644

4,194

4,188

4,277

4,293

4,293

-

-

-

-

228.8
202.8

229.1
203.0

235.8
208.4

235.2
207.9

234.6
-

_
-

-

-

-

_
-

20.5
-

1,486 0
1,346.7
134.4

1,530.5
1,391.1
134.8

1,532.8
1,391.0
137.4

_
_
-

_
105.7

_
117.2

_
115.6

_
-

467.5
232.3
30.9
21.1
149.1

477.3
238.5
31.0
23.0
151.3

485.4
239.1
31.0
23.1
158.3

483.4
_
-

428.9
209.8
_
19.7
-

428.1
210.9
_
19.0
-

435.9
216.0

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air ..
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

1,705.0
1,538.2
161.3

1,692.1
1,526.0
160.6

1,743.2
1,576.8
161.3

1,746.7
1,577.2
164.6

1,735.6

1,500.0
1,359.8
135.3

Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nee
Water transportation services

44
444
449

182.8
14.4
123.0

177.5
14.5
119.6

195.2
15.1
132.4

192.8
15.3
130.6

190.2
-

_
109.1

Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services

45
451
4512
458

1,151.0
985.9
516.8
121

1,165.8
999.6
516.5
123

1,160.3
980.6
530.9
133

1,163.7
984.6
530.5
133

1,179.0
_
-

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

14.2

14.2

14.3

14.2

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

444.2
216.1
171.4
179.0

442.1
213.9
170.4
179.2

450.7
218.0
173.1
183.2

2,307

2,310

1,446.6
995.8
835.7
244.0
115.7
128.3
176.1

48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings

50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

14.3

11.6

11.5

11.6

11.5

-

454.9
219.4
174.3
185.4

455.9
-

361.8
181.2
143.9
139.3

361.6
178.5
142.5
141.9

368.8
183.7
145.7
143.9

372.8
185.0
147.1
146.0

_

2,346

2,350

2,351

1,452.6
1,000.0
837.6
245.2
117.1
128.1
176.6

1,493.8
1,023.7
862.7
247.8
118.0
129.8
188.7

1,500.7
1,030.3
868.0
247.6
118.5
129.1
189.0

1,501.7
_

860.6
365.2
140.0
159.2
163.4

857.3
364.0
139.8
159.0
162.1

852.2
361.5
138.0
155.8
164.2

848.9
360.5
137.1
155.4
163.2

849.3

6,722

6,724

6,872

6,886

3,978
514.4
145.4
290.6
159.7
76.0
83.7

3,987
512.7
145.2
289.7
160.6
77.1
83.5

4,089
521.0
149.6
290.8
166.4
81.2
85.2

4,096
521.1
150.8
289.4
167.4
82.0
85.4

See footnotes at end of table.




-

444.9
216.7
_
20.6
-

468.4
230.9
30.7
21.6
150.3

-

-

_
_
-

41
411
412
413
415

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services ....

Nov.
1998P

89.1
12.8
39.5
21.4
10.5
10.4
9.5

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses

Communications and public utilities

Oct.
1998P

77

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,091.2
727.7
601.0
203.1
_

1,089.4
718.7
597.3
202.5
_

1,096.9
727.0
603.4
202.0
_

_
_
_
_
_

146.5

1,089.5
724.5
597.2
204.2
_
_
146.8

153.5

153.4

-

684.1
291.8
108.2
123.2
135.2

681.3
290.9
107.8
122.8
134.2

684.0
293.0
107.1
122.2
135.6

682.0
292.3
106.4
122.4
135.0

_
_
_
_
-

6,880

5,409

5,406

5,513

5,521

4,097
-

3.153
416.7

3,158
414.7
_

3,226
412.7

127.1
_
—

128.4

3,230
413.5
_
_
133.7

-

-

_
_
-

-

_
132.4
-

-

5,511
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1987
SIC

Industry

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093

261.2
133.0
39.0
872.4
202.6
348.2
182.3
147.2
546.0
227.5
49.7
268.8
300.9
107.2
118.8
825.1
89.8
121.2
334.4
154.4
350.7
133.4

260.1
132.7
38.7
877.7
203.0
349.7
183.6
148.4
548.6
228.9
49.7
270.0
300.4
107.0
118.5
825.0
90.1
120.4
334.6
154.7
353.8
134.0

273.1
139.4
40.6
918.7
214.5
367.3
190.9
152.1
556.7
233.6
50.9
272.2
304.1
110.0
118.2
838.4
92.3
123.7
337.0
158.9
358.9
131.7

274.2
139.6
40.5
923.3
215.5
369.2
193.0
152.6
557.1
234.0
50.5
272.6
303.2
109.3
118.0
836.4
92.9
122.5
337.1
157.4
360.2
130.7

51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

2,744
264.8
154.0
214.9
225.5
913.6
289.7
55.2
106.5
113.8
150.2
156.7
64.2
92.5
153.0
98.5
54.5
551.9
168.7

2,737
264.5
153.8
215.6
227.9
906.8
289.6
55.6
100.1
110.5
150.3
156.7
64.3
92.4
153.9
98.5
55.4
551.1
164.4

2,783
271.0
158.5
216.3
232.1
916.7
287.4
55.9
104.0
113.5
150.0
158.5
67.1
91.4
156.7
100.7
56.0
568.3
172.2

2.790
269.8
156.8
217.3
231.0
917.9
287.8
56.2
101.2
116.6
150.8
157.9
67.0
90.9
156.2
100.1
56.1
572.7
171.8
22,661

r>nrio

ooue
Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies

Production workers1

All employees
Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

_
_
-

215.6
_
681.1
_
147.3
119.3
404.0

215.6
_
685.5
_
148.4
120.1
403.8

226.4
719.2
154.4
122.7
404.8

_
_
-

_
245.0
_
_
660.0
_
284.0
-

_
244.1
_
_
659.7
_
286.5
-

_
247.9
_
668.8
_
290.8
-

227.6
_
719.7
_
155.5
123.0
404.7
_
247.2
_
667.4
_
292.7
-

2,783
_
_
_
-

2,256
222.0
_
178.9
182.3
769.0
92.7
109.2
129.7
_
124.2
447.5
-

2,248
220.9
_
179.2
184.4
764.3
_
89.0
109.7
129.7
_
124.2
446.2
-

2,287
226.0
_
181.1
189.9
771.3
92.7
109.1
130.6
_
127.1
458.9
-

2,291
226.1
_
181.6
188.6
770.5
95.8
109.6
130.0
_
126.4
462.6
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

23,014

19,512

19,891

19,878

19,878

20,216

778.9
479.8
53.7
135.4
75.2

821.2
510.2
54.5
136.5
80.7

819.3
508.4
53.6
136.9
80.8

_
_
_
-

Nov.
1998P

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

-

22,562

22,654

52
521
523
525
526

941.0
572.6
68.8
162.6
92.5

938.6
568.8
69.3
164.3
91.6

988.3
603.7
71.0
165.7
98.0

986.8
602.2
70.3
165.9
98.1

983.2
-

782.8
484.6
53.3
133.7
76.2

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,783.7
2,452.3
141.0
190.4

2,972.3
2,624.1
147.5
200.7

2,776.2
2,446.3
137.9
192.0

2,856.1
2,523.2
141.3
191.6

3.036.3
2,685.2
-

2,587.7
2,302.4
120.1
165.2

2,772.9
2,471.9
125.8
175.2

2,582.1
2,299.0
117.6
165.5

2,662.0
2,376.4
120.6
165.0

-

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,518.7
3,087.8
47.5
14.4
215.1

3,551.7
3,108.9
51.1
14.3
217.6

3,553.1
3,101.8
48.1
13.9
227.6

3,562.4
3,104.2
49.1
13.8
229.7

3,597.7

3,196.9
2,828.1
_
_
188.0

3 229.3
2,847.0
_
_
190.5

3,214.7
2,829.5

_
-

_
197.3

3,223.9
2,831.4
_
_
199.5

_
_
-

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers

55
551

2,333.6
1,057.6

2,325.9
1,055.5

2,375.3
1,068.6

2,376.8
1,070.4

2,372.9
1,071.1

1,947.0
888.1

1,940.3
886.4

1,968.6
896.7

1,968.7
897.2

22,169

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

,

See footnotes at end of table.




78

_
—

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1998

Nov.
1997

317.6

315.6
582.4
8.1

315.4

584.3
8.0

8.1

317.2
587.3
7.9

1,146.3

917.8
62.2
234.0
311.4
159.0

970.1
66.0
240.8
345.7
160.1

909.7
62.8
219.5
315.3
158.8

915.1
62.4
222.1
318.7
158.5

1,076.7
549.4
324.1
68.7
458.6
202.5
87.1

1,103.6

843.9
430.5

870.7
438.9

871.2
441.8

886.5
448.0

56.9
356.5
157.6
65.4

57.9
373.9
166.2
70.7

55.2
374.2
163.7
71.6

55.8
382.7
169.1
73.6

Nov.
1997

553
554
559

405.2
673.1
9.6

403.7
670.7
9.7

418.0
679.4
9.8

419.2
678.4
9.7

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

1,101.1
78.8
281.8
350.6
201.3

1,155.2
82.3
289.7
385.3
201.9

1,091.0
77.6
265.9
353.7
201.3

1,096.7
111
268.1
357.6
200.6

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
5712
572
573

1,026.0 1,052.9
536.0
526.7
310.7
307.0

Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Bookstores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

,
,

70.4
428.9
189.6
78.6

71.3
445.6
197.9
84.3

58

7,609.3

7,596.0

7,917.5

7,770.2

7,749.9

6,847.8

6,828.8

7,106.3

6,957.9

59
591
592
593
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962

2,855.8
631.0
112.4
117.8
1,007.4
194.0
133.0
89.9
144.1
228.9

2,891.5
646.5
113.8
121.5
1,011.7
198.5
140.5
95.0
142.6
234.8
50.2
356.4
236.2
68.2
95.5
546.1
153.3
75.4
317.4

2,935.7
651.2
112.9
123.2
1,026.3
201.8
133.8
94.8
146.2
237.5
50.8
376.4
255.0
68.7
97.2
548.5
155.8
76.4
316.3

3,024.4

2,388.3
525.9

2,500.1
534.8

2,403.8
538.4

2,444.2
540.5

98.5
846.8

98.9
927.8

100.5
844.2

102.8
859.1

311.1

328.3

302.3

320.7

67.8
98.6
522.4
150.3
69.6
302.5

2,969.7
639.6
113.3
118.5
1,088.9
205.8
138.2
91.1
151.5
239.3
53.2
384.7
260.0
68.2
99.9
524.8
152.2
69.6
303.0

81.6
432.5

83.0
434.7

78.5
447.7

80.1
449.7

58.1
246.6

57.5
247.3

60.3
258.4

61.0
257.5

7,140

7,151

7,399

7,405

7,415

5,212

5,223

5,427

5,431

3,439

3,456

3,572

3,584

3,598

2,023.9
1,456.9
590.5
866.4
259.0
144.2
114.8
173.8

2,030.6
1,461.9
592.4

2,034.4
1,450.6
602.4
848.2
262.5
144.8
117.7
180.0

2,038.7
1,453.5

1,456.6
1,030.2 1,034.0
421.4
423.2
608.8
610.8

1,458.9
1,026.0
432.0
594.0

1,458.6

259.6
144.3
115.3
174.0

2,034.5
1,451.9
602.8
849.1
262.7
145.1
117.6
179.5

61
614
615
616

578.0
182.9
116.5
257.9

579.6
183.3
116.7
258.6

628.7
186.1
123.5
297.1

636.6
187.1
124.9
302.4

645.4

62
621

610.4
454.0

615.0
456.9

661.2
484.3

664.8
487.2

622,3
628

25.4
131.0

25.5
132.6

25.2
151.7

25.4
152.2

67
671

227.0
106.9

230.3
107.3

247.2
114.0

248.5
114.3

5992,3,4
5995
5999

Finance, insurance, and real estate3

Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

60
602
6022
6021,9
603
6035
6036
606

,
,

Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exhanges
Security and commodity services

,

Holding and other investment offices
Holding offices

,

51.5
366.2
242.1

See footnotes at end of table.




589.1

Oct.
1998P

1,060.8
543.6
321.5
68.0
449.2
196.7
85.0

5731
5735

,

Nov.
1998P

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1997

Oct.
1998P

Oct.
1997

79

1,451.7

1,025.4
431.7
593.7

263.0

137.8

138.2

142.9

143.3

403.5
120.4

404.8
119.6

427.6
106.3

433.8
106.6

87.2

88.3

102.3

102.2

307.5
663.2

250.4

Nov.
1998P

5,439

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

2,343

2,350

2,354

1,549.9
521.3
343.0
280.9
541.3
73.9

1,597.6
530.1
356.5
292.7
551.8
84.6

1,601.5
530.1
359.2
295.1
551.4
86.1

1,603.5
_
_
-

729.1

745.1

748.2

750.3

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

63,64

2,273

2,279

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

63
631
632
6324
633
636

1,545.7
519.8
341.3
279.5
541.6
73.1

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64

727.3

uooe
Finance, insurance, and reai estate—Continued
Insurance

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdivides and developers

65
651
653
655

Services

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1998

Nov.
1998P

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

__

_

__

_

1,133.5
339.8
277.6
231.1
401.2
-

1,142.8
341.1
278.2
231.5
407.6
-

1,213.3
354.9
286.7
239.7
442.2
-

1,217.3
354.0
288.9
241.7
443.7
-

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

-

—
-

1,428
578.6
697.1
118.0

1,416
575.1
692.3
114.3

1,484
588.5
732.2
123.8

1,471
585.7
722.8
122.0

1,463
-

-

_
-

36,728

36,647

37,910

38,123

38,046

32,129

32,035

33,059

33,252

33,151

Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

07
074
078

723.5
182.3
490.8

693.0
183.6
459.0

760.9
191.4
517.8

754.6
191.9
511.2

731.9
_
-

614.7
153.3
419.5

585.1
154.6
388.7

646.7
161.5
442.3

639.6
161.8
435.0

_
_
-

Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels

70
701

1,753.1
1,708.0

1,687.2
1,645.8

1,833.1
1,778.9

1,778.2
1,731.0

1,710.9
-

_
1,504.3

_
1,445.9

__
1,562.8

_
1,518.8

-

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services

72
721
722
723
726
729

1,153.0
442.4
79.9
395.3
97.5
122.2

1,155.5
444.5
79.8
395.7
97.8
121.8

1,145.3
438.8
56.0
402.8
100.9
132.0

1,148.7
439.5
55.0
404.2
100.8
134.1

1 147.8
389.3
_
352.0

391.2
_
352.2
_
100.6

386.5
355.3
_
109.4

386.6
_
355.9

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photofi ni shi ng laboratories

73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
736
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384

8,314.9 8,342.3
259.0
257.8
170.5
170.1
136.8
136.4
313.2
311.8
77.4
77.5
948.1
949.3
89.0
90.7
859.1
858.6
255.1
256.8
41.7
41.1
45.2
45.3
168.2
170.4
3,179.1 3,180.7
332.4
335.1
2,846.7 2,845.6
1,460.5 1,475.7
339.0
336.0
241.5
239.9
169.1
168.0
257.5
253.3
84.8
83.5
57.4
58.1
1,763.2 1,773.7
591.3
584.8
61.2
59.6
82.5
81.3

8,708.1 8,834.3
271.7
270.3
177.3
175.6
138.9
136.6
318.3
316.0
79.1
79.6
989.5
987.3
97.0
97.6
889.7
892.5
267.0
265.8
40.2
40.3
48.5
47.8
178.3
177.7
3,254.4 3,311.6
339.6
345.6
2,914.8 2,966.0
1,639.2 1,656.0
377.3
382.3
276.4
276.5
189.7
187.7
274.5
277.8
94.9
96.5
58.8
58.3
1,838.5 1,881.3
616.5
622.5
59.5
59.0
85.5
83.5

8,849.4
_
—
991.9
_
_
-

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538

1,136.0
201.7
134.2
73.4
624.1
217.8
265.5

1,170.4
211.0
140.7
76.9
642.6
224.8
270.9

1,171.7

1,135.8
200.0
133.0
73.7
626.7
218.8
266.5

See footnotes at end of table.




80

1,170.5
210.7
140.4
77.5
641.4
224.8
271.5

_
-

3,293.2
_
2,946.0
1,672.4
_
_
-

_
—
-

101.0

111.2

7,424.4 7,713.2 7,824.0
195.6
194.0
188.3
_
_
67.4
67.1
65.4
65.3
885.2
883.5
845.3
845.4
71.1
78.8
79.6
72.6
806.4
803.9
774.2
772.8
212.3
211.4
203.9
205.4
29.8
29.6
31.3
30.8
38.4
40.7
38.5
41.2
141.3
141.1
134.2
136.1
_
_
_
_
2,775.0 2,776.4 2,823.6 2,868.0
1,164.3 1,175.1 1,312.1 1,327.0
327.1
287.1
323.7
288.9
_
_
_
_
134.1
137.0
118.3
117.8
_
—
71.7
60.6
59.8
70.2
43.1
39.9
39.4
42.3
1,536.6 1,545.0 1,599.8 1,637.7
572.7
545.8
566.5
540.1
48.5
48.4
52.3
50.8
-

7,398.5
186.3
-

931.4
165.7
111.4
64.0
499.0
178.1
210.7

929.8
164.1
110.2
64.2
501.0
178.9
211.4

947.5
172.3
115.8
67.0
503.3
183.0
204.6

946.3
172.5
115.9
67.6
500.5
183.0
203.7

_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
-

-

ESTABUSHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1987
SIC

Industry

Production workers1

All employees

Nov.
1997

202.7
110.0

200.5
106.9

204.9
110.9

205.7
111.8

391.4
-

311.6
-

311.1
-

319.6
-

320.4
-

_

555.6
243.5
124.8
169.1

552.8
_
-

456.6
202.0
_
131.7

462.2
201.2
_
135.7

462.8
199.0
—
136.0

461.9
202.6
_
136.8

_
_
-

1,810.9
79.9
1,330.4
181.5
399.5

1,657.8
82.9
1,201.5
184.4
355.5

1,550.2
-

1,348.9
74.7
976.6
149.8
285.8

1,247.3
75.3
883.1
151.9
261.7

1,587.2
70.9
1,165.6
160.4
354.2

1,443.9
73.8
1,045.5
162.8
311.5

_
-

9,815.9
1,770.2
631.1
450.7
168.3
1,763 6
1,338.0
208.1
217.5
3,902.2
3,596.6
84.0
221.6
199.2
719.3

9,924.9
1,833.2
645.5
465.4
170.0
1,757.1
1,333.8
208.0
215.3
3,964.7
3,652.2
85.2
227.3
203.8
668.0

9,946.3
1,841.4
648.8
468.0
169.9
1,755.2
1,332.5
207.3
215.4
3,974.5
3,661.6
86.0
226.9
202.3
667.4

9,968.1
1,846.6
—
1,758.1

8,674.4
1,446.6
551.1
374.1
_
1,580.7

8,699.1
1,453.1
551.1
374.9
—
1,585 1

8,789.2
1,508.9
561.9
387.3
_
1,580.2

8,806.9
1,514.5
565.0
389.4
_
1,577.6

_
_
3,980.6
_
667.3

185.6
3,566.6
—
_
664.4

186.5
_
3,578.7
—
—

186.5
—
3,641.1
-

662.9

186.8
_
3,632.0
_
_
_
615.2

_
615.5

-

957.2

982.8

989.8

994.2

756.8

763.0

784.9

789.7

-

_
—

_
—

_
_

-

-

-

Nov.
1997

754
7542

236.8
124.3

235.4
121.1

239.9
125.1

240.9
126.2

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

380.3
116.2

379.5
115.6

390.6
119.7

391.3
119.4

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental

78
781
783
784

546.4
240.7
123.2
163.1

553.4
239.5
125.4
169.0

559.9
239.3
129.6
172.7

1,545.1
83.8
1,119.0
168.4
326.1

1,444.6
84.3
1,023.1
170.6
301.0

9,790.8
1,763.2
630.6
450.3
168.8
1,759.6
1,335.0
207.4
217.2
3,890.3
3,586.4
83.4
220.5
197.9
720.9
950.5

Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

, 79
793
799
7991
7997

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services

80
801
802
804
8041,2
805
8051
8052
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

Legal services

81

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

-

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools

82
821
822
824

2,288.1
648.7
1,372.4
84.2

2,325.5
653.9
1,400.8
86.7

2,169.0
658.0
1,240.6
86.5

2,385.3
681.5
1,420.4
88.7

2,430.5
_
-

_
_
-

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

2,555.2
683.3
355.1
586.6
725.4
204.8

2,562.5
688.5
355.3
585.7
728.5
204.5

2,642.3
711.5
376.8
586.6
755.5
211.9

2,667.6
718.3
377.0
598.2
759.0
215.1

2,682.9
_
602.4
761.2
-

2,216.0
592.5
304.8
520.6
629.7
168.4

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens

84

92.0

88.4

93.6

93.0

90.8

-

_
_
_

_
_
_

2,287.2
616.9
327.5
516.8
654.3
171.7

2,312.3
624.2
327.6
528.7
657.5
174.3

_
_
_
_
-

-

-

-

-

-

_
_
44.8
_
-

45.2

2,494.3
764.3
590.3
124.6
49.4
451.0

86
861
862
863
864

2,239.5
109.6
59.3
144.1
433.7

2,233.8
108.0
59.8
142.0
432.2

2,254.1
110.3
62.1
138.4
440.7

2,266.3
110.8
62.4
141.6
448.2

2,267.9
—
-

42.7
_
-

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872

3,065.4
884.5
679.4
148.3
56.8
605.5

3,077.4
885.5
680.2
148.6
56.7
610.3

3,267.8
929.5
709.9
159.2
60.4
637.9

3,286.9
929.7
709.0
160.6
60.1
644.1

3,308.8
930.4
—

2,340.8
727.1
564.8
116.1
46.2
423.4

2,343.2
727.8
565.3
116.1
46.4
425.3

81

Oct.
1998P

2,221.6
596.6
305.4
520.1
631.8
167.7

Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

See footnotes at end of table.

Sept.
1998

_
-

_
_
43.1
_
-




Nov.
1998P

Oct.
1997

Oct.
1997

L/Ooe

2,502.3
764.0
589.7
125.6
48.7
452.6

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

607.3
229.5
140.1
143.4
974.3
324.0
348.4
40.6

632.7
238.0
146.6
150.1
1,067.7
355.9
391.6

45.1

636.3
238.6
149.3
150.2
1,076.8
363.3
395.1
44.7

50.7

51.3

52.9

53.4

53.3

19,941

20,096

19,730

20,246

20,430

2,667

2,679

2,685

2,693

2,699

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial

2,605.9
683.7
848.9
1,073.3
31.2
30.0

2,617.5
681.8
867.7
1,068.0
31.1
30.0

2,623.4
660.5
867.3
1,095.6
30.5

Federal Government, except Postal Service

1,818.2

1,810.9

1,818.0

1,821.8

1,813.7

3731

48.6
21.8

48.5
21.8

47.9
22.3

47.2
22.0

806

12.9
360.5
221.7

12.9
359.0
221.6

12.2
358.7
219.0

12.1
352.1
218.0

4,722
86.6
52.3
2,763.6
365.0
2,047.0
206.2

4,749
86.4
52.2
2,797.9
366.3

4,638
4,778
86.8
87.5
52.1
52.0
2,636.4 2,791.4
365.4
364.5

4,801

2,082.1

1.909.3
209.0

2.069.9
208.7

2,097.9

205.9

145.4

143.6

152.7

148.3

1,819.0
2,674.5

1,812.0
2,666.4

1,862.4
2,729.1

1,847.5
2,707.8

12,552
453.5

12,407 12,775
454.8
453.5
8,106.6 8,529.5
654.8
656.7

12,930

8,362.7
640.9
7,221.5
139.4

12,668
453.7
8,468.1
643.0
7,330.2
139.8

6,941.2
142.1

7,364.9
142.2

7,486.8

360.9

355.1

368.5

365.7

3,735.6
5,330.3

3,746.0
5,337.6

3,845.3
5,465.5

3,792.1
5,410.2

Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

Services, nee
Government
Federal Government

4

4

Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Construction
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
State government, except education
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government, except education

806
82

806
82

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

602.5
228.6
137.6
141.8
972.9
323.1
346.4
40.2

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million
or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
3
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian




Nov.
1998P

1,091.0

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

461.4
158.5
114.5
111.3
728.9
237.8
261.7
27.3

463.9
159.0
115.9
112.3
726.2
237.4
261.3
27.4

483.7
163.7
122.5
117.4
795.3
266.0
289.5
30.3

486.6
164.3
124.5
117.5
799.1
270.8
290.8
29.6

40.2

40.6

41.4

41.9

Nov.
1998P

31.4

2,702.8

5,442.9

employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and the National
Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
" Data not available.
P > preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1997 forward are subject to revision.

82

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Aug.
1997

Sept.
1997

July
1998

Aug.
1998

Sept.
1998

58,703

59,623

60,065

60,128

61,093

48,755

48,873

49,921

50,015

50,086

6,771

6,769

6,706

6,786

6,780

84

82

83

83

82

650

650

688

692

688

6,037

6,037

5,935

6,011

6,010

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
,
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
,
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
,

2.926
140
160
106
104
328
475
696
394
352
173

2,932
139
160
106
103
329
475
703
394
352
173

2.918
144
165
106
102
330
477
697
374
354
168

2,956
145
166
108
105
336
473
695
403
354
170

2,952
146
166
107
105
337
469
695
404
353
171

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3.111
591
13
286
609
168
701
331
25
339
48

3,105
588
14
286
607
168
700
330
25
341
47

3.017
569
11
275
551
167
709
335
24
335
41

3,055
590
13
275
559
167
708
335
24
342
43

3,058
595
13
277
560
166
705
333
24
344
42

51,932

52,854

53.359

53,342

54,313

Transportation and public utilities

1,875

1,953

1,946

1,953

2,002

Wholesale trade

2,059

2,064

2,098

2,094

2,100

11,660

11,637

11,895

11,934

11,933

4,515

4.482

4,659

4.654

4,622

21,875

21,968

22,617

22,594

22,649

9,948
1,149
2,219
6,580

10,750
1,136
2,323
7,291

10,144
1,133
2,260
6.751

10,113
1,136
2,256
6.721

11,007
1,134
2,384
7,489

Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1997 forward are subject to
revision.

83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

1,880.5
467.3
175.3
221.3
156.7
80.3

1,884.2
474.1
175.0
225.0
157.0
82.8

1,893.4
477.5
175.3
224.1
157.6
82.8

269.5
125.0

285.7
129.9

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

2,010.5
1,412.0
315.8

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

Alabama
Birmingham ..
Huntsville . . . .
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa ...

October
1997

September
1998
9.7
3.0

10.1
3.2

(M

(])

(1)

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

98.8
28.1
6.0
16.6
8.2
5.8

101.2
29.6
6.3
17.0
8.3
6.5

101.2
29.6
6.3
17.1
8.2
6.4

14.2
7.0

16.0
8.2

14.7
7.6

134.0
96.2
19.8

141.0
102.2
21.2

142.2
103.5
21.1

49.5
5.8
4.2
14.6
1.0

51.8
5.6
4.4
15.0
1.0

51.4
5.6
4.5
15.0
1.0

588.3
8.6
13.8
1125
7.3
53.6
61.6
54.4
35.1
4.8
55.4
37.0
40.7
6.7
9.9
8.3
10.8
11.8

637.4
8.4
15.2
117.2
7.8
59.8
66.8
60.5
37.8
5.4
57.3
39.2
43.8
7.1
9.8
8.8
11.3
12.1

6423
8.4
15.2
117.3
7.7
59.7
67.4
60.9
37.7
5.5
57.3
39.5
44.2
7.1
9.7
8.6
11.2
121

125.0
6.6
12.9
65.0

135.3
6.9
13.2
70.6

135.8
7.0
13.2
71.2

.8

60.6
6.9
3.6
20.6
9.6
4.7
6.1
3.5

63.4
7.0
3.9
20.1
9.9
4.9
5.9
3.7

62.7
7.1
4.0
19.9
9.5
4.9
6.1
3.9

9.6
3.0

(])

2.7

26

2.6

275.4
129.0

10.7
2.5

11.2
27

11.1

2,085.5
1,474.0
320.2

2,102.0
1,482.1
326.6

14.2
6.6
2.4

13.2
6.0
23

13.1

1,117.9
141.0
96.6
306.5
36.1

1,136.1
141.4
96.5
307.6
36.0

1,136.6
1425
97.0
308.2
36.1

3.6

3.6

.9

.8

13,371.2
181.6
280.4
3,913.7
135.4
965.5
1,248.3
855.0
628.6
119.3
1,063.9
996.9
945.5
1528
168.8
171.5
154.2
246.4

13,687.2
179.9
285.3
3,987.6
145.3
965.6
1,289.5
889.6
643.8
122.3
1,0828
1,0129
953.4
153.7
171.6
179.0
159.5
253.7

13,743.7
182.4
284.2
4,005.6
140.1
991.4
1,297.2
896.5
643.0
122.3
1,090.7
1,015.7
959.1
156.4
171.9
175.6
159.7
253.8

29.5
10.8
.5
5.7

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

2,0023
163.5
219.6
1,069.6

2,059.5
163.6
222.8
1,102.1

2,068.8
166.4
225.8
1,104.9

14.3

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

1,642.1
185.3
87.1
6025
253.4
137.7
206.8
88.2

1,649.9
182.8
87.3
600.2
247.2
139.6
208.4
88.6

1,664.7
185.2
88.5
603.7
252.9
139.6
210.3
89.2

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

394.9
52.7
306.9

404.0
55.3
314.1

406.2
55.9
316.8

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

23.0
23
17.3

23.6
26
17.6

24.0
25
18.2

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

615.5
2,506.3

612.9
2,563.8

613.5
2,571.1

.1
1.0

.1
1.1

.1
1.1

8.9
128.9

8.7
137.3

8.5
137.6

6,496.2
151.1
6327
149.9
113.8
529.1
168.6
178.4
964.7
808.7
1526
255.6
148.3
1,077.8
440.3

6,686.5
154.2
649.3
1520
115.9
544.7
172.6
181.8
978.0
843.1
157.4
271.2
149.7
1,120.2
455.2

6,732.3
154.4
651.7
153.0
116.8
547.8
173.9
182.7
984.2
845.8
157.8
274.4
151.1
1.125.6
459.4

6.6

6.9

7.0

.1

.1

29

3.1

3.1

.3

.3

340.3
7.7
33.9
128
4.3
29.0
8.3
9.2
34.3
44.7
10.8
13.2
6.0
52.1
26.0

352.2
8.0
34.7
13.0
4.6
28.7
8.2
9.8
34.9
46.4
11.2
13.5
5.7
54.7
27.2

355.6
7.8
34.9
129
4.5
28.8
8.3
9.8
35.0
47.5
11.3
13.5

Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

.

. ..
. ...

. .

See footnotes at end of table.




84

(M

(M
(M

I1)

5.9
2.3
3.6

(M

.8

I1)

28.3
10.6
.5
5.5

28.1
10.3
.5
5.5

23
.9
1.1
.2
.1
.4
.5
.2
.9
.5
.1
.5
1.4

23
.9
1.1
.2
.1
.4
.5
.2
.9
.5
.1
.6
1.4

2.3
.9
1.2
.2
.1
.4
.6
.1
1.1
.5
.1
.5
1.6

(M

27

13.8

(])

6.4

6.8

13.8
1

( )
6.4

.8

.8

( )

<;>

(1 )
(1 )
(!)

(1)

(M

/1 \

1

1

j;>

(M

2

( )

/2\
#2\
/2\

2

( )
(2)
/2\
.4

.3
2

( )
/2\
.4

.4

5.7
55.6
27.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

379.5
50.8
404
27.7
17.5
11.8

374.2
50.0
39.8
28.1
17.8
12.6

373.0
49.7
39.3
28.0
17.8
12.5

91.9
30.1
3.7
13.4
6.4
2.5

92.2
30.7
3.3
13.5
6.7
2.6

91.9
30.7
3.3
13.7
6.7
2.6

429.9
112.5
34.8
58.2
36.8
18.5

435.0
116.3
35.4
59.5
36.7
18.7

437.5
117.0
35.7
59.3
36.9
18.9

13.3
1.9

16.2
2.0

13.1
2.0

24.5
12.3

26.7
12.9

25.3
12.9

55.1
30.5

59.0
31.6

56.3
31.2

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

210.3
163.8
28.4

217.2
169.5
29.4

216.8
169.3
29.6

96.9
71.9
13.2

100.5
76.0
13.5

101.0
76.3
13.4

481.8
340.8
68.3

497.6
352.8
69.7

503.4
356.3
70.9

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

253.4
33.9
27.4
33.5
8.2

254.4
33.5
26.9
33.4
8.4

254.1
33.5
27.0
33.3
8.4

67.3
9.5
6.7
21.5
1.9

68.5
9.7
6.5
21.5
1.8

68.6
9.8
6.5
21.6
1.8

253.4
40.0
20.0
70.5
7.2

257.6
40.3
19.8
71.0
7.1

256.7
40.6
19.7
71.1
7.1

1,935.7
10.1
31 2
670.8
26.3
120.1
225.3
107.2
46.6
8.9
123.2
77.2
259.5
17.0
26.1
23.9
18.5
33.0

1,967.1
10.6
33.9
680.4
34.1
121.3
234.1
113.8
46.6
9.2
124.6
76.6
255.5
17.1
26.5
29.4
20.0
34.2

1,948.0
10.6
31.8
681.8
27.1
120.9
234.5
114.5
46.5
8.8
124.4
76.4
253.8
17.0
26.4
25.4
19.3
34.2

680.0
10.2
14.5
214.1
5.8
61.7
46.2
44.3
25.6
6.0
42.1
80.4
28.3
5.9
6.3
11.1
6.2
9.8

688.6
10.6
14.8
219.3
5.9
61.7
48.4
46.0
26.0
5.8
41.7
80.0
28.8
6.0
6.5
11.9
6.6
10.1

688.3
10.7
14.7
219.5
6.0
62.0
48.7
46.4
26.0
5.9
41.8
79.8
29.0
6.0
6.5
11.4
6.5
10.1

3,084.6
42.8
67.9
862.2
34.5
215.4
309.3
218.3
137.4
31.4
242.9
209.3
187.4
36.4
41.9
40.9
39.9
60.1

3,1429
42.4
68.5
879.6
35.0
218.9
320.2
226.9
140.0
32.5
248.1
209.4
189.6
36.9
43.4
41.2
40.2
61.4

3,147.0
42.6
68.4
880.1
35.1
219.4
321.0
227.9
139.1
32.5
248.7
209.2
190.5
37.1
43.6
41.7
40.5
61.1

Colorado
Boulder-Long mont
Colorado Springs
Denver

206.7
32.4
27.0
93.8

206.6
33.0
27.1
93.5

207.5
32.8
27.3
93.9

122.2
3.9
11.9
85.4

126.5
4.0
12.0
88.3

126.6
4.0
12.0
88.7

482.3
35.6
48.8
257.0

503.3
35.8
50.8
268.8

505.6
36.1
51.1
269.6

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

277.3
40.0
18.9
932
39.5
24.3
28.1
19.1

276.7
39.5
18.3
946
38.8
24.2
26.6
18.9

276.8
39.5
18.4
94.4
38.9
24.0
26.7
18.8

75.8
7.2
2.5
27.3
16.3
6.5
10.2
3.6

71.4
6.5
27
26.7
13.5
6.3
9.8
3.3

76.9
7.1
2.8
27.6
16.6
6.6
10.1
3.6

359.5
41.4
22.4
125.2
53.4
28.4
46.4
18.7

360.5
41.4
21.9
123.7
52.6
28.7
46.5
19.1

362.4
41.9
22.2
123.7
53.3
28.6
47.2
19.0

58.5
6.1
44.2

59.0
6.2
45.3

59.2
6.3
45.1

16.0
1.9
13.9

15.8
21
14.0

16.3
2.1
14.2

85.9
12.6
62.0

89.3
13.0
63.1

88.7
13.3
63.7

12.6
99.7

12.8
102.7

12.9
102.0

17.6
113.0

16.9
113.6

16.7
114.0

48.9
472.6

48.7
474.9

48.6
476.8

491.6
14.3
40.2
6.9
5.4
37.7
20.7
28.0
74.7
52.8
10.9
20.8
5.0
88.1
30.6

490.5
14.7
40.5
6.9
5.2
39.1
20.4
28.5
72.7
53.3
10.7
21.8
5.0
87.3
31.3

489.4
14.7
40.3
7.0
5.1
39.1
20.4
28.5
72.6
53.7
10.7
21.9
5.0
87.1
31.3

329.2
4.2
30.7
6.9
2.4
36.6
8.6
5.2
83.5
41.5
7.1
5.3
4.3
49.2
16.5

341.3
4.6
31.4
7.0
2.7
37.1
9.1
5.7
85.6
43.2
7.8
5.5
4.3
50.9
17.0

342.7
4.6
31.3
7.0
2.7
37.5
9.1
5.7
86.2
43.2
7.7
5.5
4.3
51.4
16.9

1,6528
42.5
177.4
42.0
24.2
130.1
48.0
41.4
254.6
201.5
38.6
59.0
29.8
259.8
111.5

1,684.0
43.2
181.1
42.6
25.0
133.3
50.1
42.8
258.7
208.2
41.2
60.1
30.2
262.3
114.4

1,699.4
43.3
1826
43.1
25.2
133.9
50.5
42.8
259.6
208.9
40.9
61.7
30.2
264.5
116.6

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

. .

Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
.
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

. ..

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
.
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
.
.
Tampa-St Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

.

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate>

Services

Government

State and area
October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

84.7
34.6
4.7
10.1
9.2
2.5

87.0
36.2
4.7
10.2
9.4
2.6

87.0
36.2
4.7
10.1
9.4
2.7

435.4
139.3
47.0
60.5
41.8
13.7

440.9
141.7
47.6
61.5
42.1
14.6

441.4
141.8
48.0
60.5
42.2
14.5

350.2
68.7
38.7
34.8
36.8
22.8

344.0
66.6
37.9
35.2
36.0
22.6

351.8
69.7
38.0
35.4
36.4
22.6

12.2
7.2

12.8
7.3

12.5
7.3

65.4
35.2

70.6
36.9

67.7
36.5

74.1
28.4

73.2
28.3

74.7
28.8

129.4
109.0
12.1

135.2
116.6
12.7

136.4
117.7
12.9

607.5
442.5
98.8

634.7
4624
101.2

637.9
465.4
102.3

336.4
181.2
72.8

346.1
188.5
70.2

351.2
187.7
74.1

44.3
4.9
3.1
17.5
1.3

44.1
5.0
3.1
17.1
1.3

44.1
5.0
3.1
17.0
1.3

259.2
27.2
24.4
90.0
8.5

267.2
27.6
25.4
90.1
8.5

266.4
27.8
25.6
90.4
8.5

187.2
19.7
9.9
58.9
8.0

188.9
19.7
9.6
59.5
7.9

191.7
20.2
9.8
59.8
8.0

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

762.1
6.9
13.7
220.5
4.5
55.3
92.2
30.4
41.9
5.8
61.6
102.7
30.9
7.3
9.5
8.6
6.2
13.2

787.8
7.5
13.3
224.7
4.5
55.8
96.6
31.7
43.7
5.9
62.9
106.2
31.4
7.5
9.9
8.7
6.4
14.4

788.0
7.6
13.4
224.5
4.5
55.9
96.7
31.7
43.8
5.9
62.7
106.1
31.5
7.5
9.9
8.7
6.4
14.6

4,121.8
43.1
72.6
1,286.1
32.3
285.8
376.9
224.6
172.4
33.6
343.3
364.8
309.1
47.1
48.3
43.2
41.0
72.7

4,277.1
43.7
73.6
1,317.2
33.5
294.4
387.9
233.9
179.5
34.2
357.7
378.0
316.5
48.1
49.1
44.0
42.9
77.0

4,292.0
43.5
72.3
1,323.8
33.9
296.2
388.6
235.8
178.9
34.3
358.6
378.6
318.7
48.9
49.3
44.1
43.3
76.3

2,169.2
49.1
66.2
541.8
24.7
171.3
135.9
174.6
169.4
28.7
195.0
124.9
89.5
31.3
26.3
35.4
31.1
44.2

2,158.0
46.1
65.5
543.7
24.5
171.4
134.6
175.7
170.0
29.2
190.1
123.0
87.6
30.1
25.9
34.9
31.6
43.1

2,210.0
48.7
67.9
553.1
25.8
175.0
139.4
178.2
170.8
29.3
196.8
125.6
91.2
31.9
26.0
35.6
31.9
44.0

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs

128.2
5.6
11.6
85.3

133.4
5.5
12.2
89.2

133.5
5.6
12.2
89.4

600.0
51.7
72.3
328.7

619.2
52.0
73.6
338.1

616.5
52.9
74.9
337.1

323.6
27.7
35.1
147.6

321.4
26.4
33.9
147.2

329.5
28.0
35.1
148.6

131.6
10.4
4.7
68.6
13.0
3.7
24.4
4.3

135.7
10.3
5.0
68.6
12.8
3.9
26.4
4.2

135.7
10.3
5.1
68.8
12.9
3.9
26.6
4.2

507.4
58.0
24.7
172.6
90.2
34.4
73.6
26.8

515.4
57.5
25.5
173.3
89.2
35.1
75.5
27.1

519.5
58.3
25.6
173.7
90.3
35.0
75.9
27.2

229.1
21.4
10.3
95.0
31.4
35.7
18.0
12.2

226.0
20.6
10.0
93.2
30.4
36.5
17.7
12.3

229.9
21.0
10.4
95.6
31.4
36.6
17.7
12.5

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

48.2
2.4
42.1

49.7
2.7
43.2

49.6
2.7
43.1

109.5
12.2
88.8

113.4
12.9
93.3

113.9
12.9
93.5

53.7
15.2
38.4

53.1
15.8
37.4

54.4
16.1
38.8

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

28.4
133.4

29.0
135.5

28.8
135.6

270.1
964.7

271.4
1,004.7

274.0
1,005.7

228.9
593.0

225.3
594.0

223.9
598.3

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Mebourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater...
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

416.7
6.4
45.4
8.9
5.1
52.5
7.7
5.9
67.5
47.1
6.2
11.5
5.6
77.3
30.6

428.7
6.6
46.6
9.1
5.4
54.8
8.2
5.9
67.5
48.9
6.5
11.9
5.9
81.2
31.5

431.6
6.6
46.7
9.2
5.3
55.5
8.3
6.0
67.6
49.0
6.6
11.9
5.9
81.3
31.4

2,298.7
52.3
220.6
47.2
33.0
174.8
46.8
63.7
313.9
334.7
49.6
121.9
38.7
417.9
170.7

2,416.3
53.4
229.5
47.5
34.6
183.6
48.1
64.0
323.7
354.3
51.3
135.5
39.8
448.3
178.9

2,424.6
53.2
229.9
47.7
34.8
183.6
48.4
64.3
324.1
354.2
51.4
136.3
40.0
449.3
180.8

960.3
23.7
84.4
25.1
39.4
68.0
25.6
25.0
135.9
86.0
29.1
23.8
58.7
133.0
54.4

966.6
23.7
85.4
25.8
36.4
67.7
25.4
25.1
134.6
88.4
28.4
22.8
58.6
135.1
54.9

982.0
24.2
85.9
26.0
39.2
69.0
25.8
25.6
138.8
88.9
28.9
23.5
59.8
136.0
55.0

Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

See footnotes at end of table.




86

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
October
1997

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

3,683.2
60.8
73.0
1,998.9
193.0
115.3
150.0
1322

September
1998

3,754.2
59.8
74.7
2,041.6
196.0
117.6
151.8
134.3

October
1998P

3,770.9
60.4
75.0
2,051.9
196.1
117.5
152.4
134.5

Hawaii
Honolulu

530.0
402.2

519.5
392.2

522.9
395.4

Idaho
Boise City

519.4
198.5

528.7
200.6

529.0
201.1

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

5,859.5
81.3
100.2
4,085.2
182.4
57.1
43.9
174.0
179.8
114.1

5,906.4
82.5
97.5
4,130.5
183.1
57.4
43.5
174.5
178.3
113.1

5,932.4
83.8
100.2
4,140.3
182.2
57.7
43.3
174.8
178.6
113.6

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

2,9028
67.2
116.3
154.6
271.1
265.1
839.3
51.9
94.4
60.7
134.3
69.3

2,906.3
65.8
117.4
155.1
270.5
267.2
855.9
54.3
96.6
59.8
136.1
68.9

2,917.0
67.0
117.7
155.2
271.7
268.2
860.9
54.3
97.3
60.8
136.8
69.7

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,430.1
114.5
2724
51.9
67.6
66.3
73.4

1,445.8
113.4
272.0
51.9
65.5
66.3
73.5

1,459.7
115.1
273.9
52.3
67.4
66.6
74.3

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,290.5
47.8
99.8
279.4

1,309.8
47.2
100.4
283.8

1,321.2
48.5
100.4
285.7

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,735.6
276.3
557.3
43.4

1,767.6
280.5
578.9
44.8

1,770.6
284.1
576.2
44.6

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

1,873.8
53.8
286.5
75.8
163.3
86.2
68.8
619.6
172.4

1,890.5
55.3
291.0
77.2
165.8
86.1
68.9
620.7
175.3

1,894.4
55.3
295.8
77.4
166.8
85.7
68.8
623.1
176.5

569.5
43.0
142.8

579.7
42.9
140.3

579.8
43.3
142.4

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

See footnotes at end of table.




87

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

8.7

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

(1)

(1

(1)

174.3
3.8
2.7
97.8
11.3
5.4
6.2
7.5

(1)

1

(1)
(1)

22.8
17.6

21.1
16.1

20.6
15.8

3.1

34.3
13.8

34.7
13.5

34.4
13.5

256.1
2.8
3.4
169.7
10.3
3.8
2.2
8.8
7.2
5.6

260.4
2.8
3.5
173.2
10.3
4.1
2.2
8.5
7.2
5.1

261.1
2.9
3.4
173.9
10.3
4.1
2.2
8.6
7.1
5.3

147.6
3.3
4.8
10.1
13.6
17.6
48.6
2.3
4.0
2.3
7.7
3.4

146.3
3.3
5.0
10.3
14.6
17.6
51.0
2.7
4.3
2.4
7.1
3.6

145.8
3.3
5.0
10.3
14.6
17.3
51.2
2.7
4.2
2.3
7.1
3.8

65.0
5.9
12.8
2.0
2.2
4.3
2.9

67.3
6.3
12.9
2.1
2.7
4.2
2.9

66.8
6.2
12.9
2.1
2.7
4.2
2.9

64.5
2.2
5.0
14.8

64.3
2.2
5.0
14.7

8.1
(2)
(1)

(2)
(1)

1.7
.4

1.6
.4
(1

(1)

1.3

1.2

(
(1

(M
3.0
(1)

8.7
(2)

(M 1.7
.4

(M1.3

3.2

0

(1)

12.0

11.6

11.3

(M
(1) 1.7

(M
(1) 1.8
0)
(M
(M
(J)
0)
0)

0)
(M1.8
0)
(11)
()
(M
(11)
()

(1)
(1)

(M
(M
(11)
()

6.7

6.9
(1)

(M 1.4

(J)
(M
(M

(J)
(1) .2

1.3

(M '

8

(M
( )
(1)

(M 1.3

(J)
(1)

(M "8

(M
(11)
()

2.2

2.2
(1)
(1)

(M
(M
(1)
(!)
(1)
(M

6.6
(1)

(J)
0)
8

(M

(1)
(1)

(M
(M
(M
(!)
(M
(1)

(M
(!)
(M
(M
8.0

8.3

.3

2.2

7.9

184.6
3.9
2.6
103.2
11.0
5.6
6.7
7.7

186.2
3.9
2.6
104.1
11.1
5.5
6.8
7.7

1.4

1.4

61.5
2.1
4.7
14.5

22.7
.3
.5
.3

22.2
.3
.6
.3

22.1
.3
.6
.3

86.7
13.4
30.6
3.4

90.2
14.2
31.8
3.7

90.4
13.9
31.7
3.7

55.6
.1
.9
7.7
15.7
1.3
.2
15.3
2.5

53.8
.1
1.0
6.9
15.6
1.3
.2
15.5
2.7

53.4
.1
1.0
6.8
15.4
1.3
.2
15.5
2.7

119.7
3.3
32.0
3.6
9.9
10.5
3.6
30.8
9.9

124.0
3.5
34.2
4.0
10.4
10.4
3.6
30.9
10.7

125.2
3.5
35.3
3.9
10.7
10.3
3.5
31.9
10.9

.1

26.8
1.9
7.0

28.0
1.8
7.5

28.0
1.7
8.2

(1)

(M 1.4

(1)
(1)

.1
(2)
(2)

(1)
(1>

.1
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry • - Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

588.7
9.2
11.4
219.9
41.1
21.2
20.8
17.9

592.3
8.5
11.6
220.9
41.7
20.8
20.1
18.9

593.5
8.6
11.7
221.7
41.7
20.9
20.3
18.9

236.4
3.0
1.8
168.0
6.7
4.0
5.3
9.7

243.7
3.2
1.8
173.0
6.5
4.1
5.4
9.6

245.3
3.2
1.8
174.3
6.6
4.1
5.4
9.6

928.6
14.3
18.4
529.2
42.1
26.8
34.2
33.3

934.9
14.3
18.5
532.9
43.2
27.3
33.5
34.2

942.3
14.3
18.5
536.5
43.2
27.3
33.5
34.2

Hawaii
Honolulu

16.3
12.6

16.0
123

15.9
12.1

41.3
33.2

40.6
32.5

40.4
32.3

133.5
99.2

131.2
96.9

131.1
96.9

Idaho
Boise City

761
35.6

76 2
36.6

76.3
36.4

24.4
9.7

25.1
10.1

25.3
10.0

130.3
47.0

131.9
46.9

131.9
46.8

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin ..
Rockford
Springfield

980.0
8.7
11.9
661.5
31.2
13.5
8.4
32.5
533
4.4

980.3
8.8
11.5
663.2
31.7
135
79
33.1
535
4.5

977.9
8.8
11.4
662.3
30.5
13.4
7.9
32.9
53.3
4.5

343.8
3.0
2.8
253.3
9.8
5.0
2.0
9.7
9.8
4.9

344.6
29
28
253.4
9.9
5.0
21
9.8
9.3
4.8

345.1
2.9
2.7
254.0
10.0
5.0
2.1
9.8
9.6
4.8

1,334.5
17.5
22.0
922.4
47.7
12.5
11.1
41.4
37.6
24.2

1,339.7
17.6
21.3
929.1
47.9
12.4
11.0
42.1
37.4
24.4

1,342.6
17.8
21.8
930.8
47.9
12.5
11.0
42.4
37.4
24.4

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis .
Kokomo
Lafayette
. . . .
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

678.4
10.4
58.7
31.7
75.2
49.8
128.1
20.0
22.0
10.6
22.4
11.9

683.1
10.6
59.3
31.8
73.4
49.4
126.6
21.3
22.2
94
22.8
12.2

681.7
10.7
59.4
31.7
73.0
49.4
126.9
21.2
22.1
9.7
22.9
12.2

141.5
1.9
2.9
7.0
13.0
15.5
51.3
1.2
2.3
3.5
5.6
2.8

1421
1.8
28
7.1
12.8
15.4
52.7
1.2
2.3
3.5
5.8
27

142.1
1.9
2.8
7.1
12.7
15.6
52.4
1.2
2.3
3.5
5.8
2.7

686.1
15.3
22.2
38.2
64.6
63.2
217.3
11.4
19.4
13.9
34.1
19.5

685.8
15.4
22.2
38.3
64.3
64.8
219.3
11.5
19.4
13.6
34.0
19.4

686.4
15.4
22.1
38.3
65.5
64.8
220.4
11.5
19.4
14.0
34.2
19.8

256 5
22.0
25.2
12.0
4.9
13.1
15 0

259 5
22.5
25.2
11.9
5.0
13.3
14 9

260.0
22.3
25.4
11.9
4.9
13.2
14.6

66.6
7.9
13.7
2.1
2.2
3.8
2.4

68.8
7.6
13.6
21
22
3.8
2.5

69.6
7.7
14.0
2.1
2.2
3.8
2.4

348.7
25.6
71.0
12.3
13.5
15.9
16.7

352.4
24.8
70.2
12.4
12.8
15.9
16.9

352.0
25.2
69.9
12.4
12.7
15.8
17.1

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

207.2
5.3
9.5
71.2

211.8
5.5
9.8
73.9

212.7
5.3
9.7
74.3

73.0
1.4
6.3
11.0

74.5
1.3
6.2
11.2

75.1
1.3
6.2
11.2

314.2
11.9
21.3
61.9

320.9
12.0
21.4
63.1

323.1
12.2
21.4
63.1

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

316.2
47.2
87.9
7.0

315.8
48.9
89.7
7.3

316.5
50.0
89.4
7.2

99.5
11.1
42.9
2.2

1026
10.8
44.1
23

103.5
11.0
45.5
2.4

412.7
62.5
136.4
10.9

420.9
64.0
141.8
11.1

421.7
64.6
141.4
11.1

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouae
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles .
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

191.8
3.4
25.0
7.6
14.7
11.8
7.9
49.0
19.2

191.3
3.6
24.6
7.8
14.7
11.8
7.9
49.5
19.4

190.6
3.5
24.8
7.8
14.8
11.7
7.9
49.3
19.4

112.3
2.6
12.3
8.0
10.2
4.6
3.7
42.6
8.4

114.4
27
12.6
8.7
10.3
4.4
3.5
42.3
8.6

114.6
2.7
13.1
8.8
10.3
4.5
3.5
42.1
8.6

434.5
12.3
67.0
17.3
42.1
18.4
17.1
151.4
39.9

437.1
13.1
68.0
17.6
42.3
18.5
17.5
151.0
40.3

438.1
13.0
69.9
17.6
42.9
18.4
17.4
151.8
40.5

88.0
7.9
15.2

88.1
8.0
15.2

87.0
8.0
15.1

23.8
1.8
6.5

24.5
1.8
6.5

24.3
1.8
6.6

144.3
11.2
42.7

147.5
11.1
41.0

146.3
11.2
41.4

Georgia
...
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
.

.
.

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

.

.

See footnotes at end of table.




88

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
<and real estate

Services

Government

State and i
October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

190.6
2.1
2.2
130.1
6.0
8.1
8.7
4.3

197.8
2.1
2.2
133.2
5.9
8.6
9.8
4.3

197.5
2.2
2.2
133.1
5.9
8.7
9.8
4.3

970.1
15.9
15.8
595.9
45.5
29.8
40.2
38.8

1,000.3
15.4
15.7
617.6
47.1
30.8
41.1
38.9

998.4
15.6
15.3
616.1
46.8
30.8
41.2
39.0

586.4
12.5
20.7
256.4
39.9
20.0
33.4
20.7

591.9
12.4
22.3
259.1
40.2
20.4
33.9
20.7

599.0
12.6
22.9
264.4
40.4
20.2
34.1
20.8

Hawaii
Honolulu

35.8
28.7

34.9
27.9

35.0
28.0

169.4
122.0

168.0
120.2

168.6
121.0

110.9
88.9

107.7
86.3

111.3
89.3

Idaho
Boise City

25.5
11.5

26.9
12.1

26.7
12.1

123.8
50.3

127.3
50.6

125.5
50.7

102.0
30.6

103.4
30.8

105.8
31.6

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Oavenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

401.4
14.1
3.7
3122
8.2
2.0
1.7
7.9
7.6
7.9

412.1
15.4
3.7
322.6
8.4
2.1
1.8
8.0
7.5
7.8

410.6
15.6
3.7
321.6
8.4
2.1
1.7
8.0
7.5
7.8

1,711.6
20.4
21.3
1,274.8
47.5
13.5
11.5
54.0
46.9
33.1

1,759.3
20.5
21.7
1,310.9
48.2
14.0
11.8
53.8
46.2
33.2

1,763.6
20.8
21.7
1,310.6
48.2
13.9
11.7
53.6
46.3
33.2

820.1
14.8
35.1
489.6
27.7
6.8
7.0
19.7
17.4
34.0

798.4
14.5
33.0
476.3
26.7
6.3
6.7
19.2
17.2
33.3

820.2
15.0
35.5
485.3
26.9
6.7
6.7
19.5
17.4
33.6

Indiana
Bioomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

139.2
2.2
3.0
7.4
14.9
9.4
63.2
1.6
3.9
1.8
6.4
2.3

142.5
2.1
3.3
7.6
14.4
9.4
66.4
1.5
4.3
1.9
6.3
2.3

141.9
2.1
3.3
7.6
14.4
9.5
66.3
1.5
4.4
1.9
6.3
2.3

697.9
12.3
17.8
43.9
62.5
72.6
226.4
8.5
18.7
16.4
44.1
16.8

699.9
12.1
17.9
43.5
62.8
73.2
234.0
9.1
19.5
17.3
46.3
16.5

704.7
12.3
18.1
43.9
62.9
73.6
235.4
9.0
19.1
17.3
46.5
16.5

405.2
21.8
6.9
14.9
27.3
37.0
103.6
6.9
24.1
12.2
14.0
12.4

399.9
20.5
6.9
15.2
28.2
37.4
105.1
7.0
24.6
11.7
13.8
11.9

407.8
21.3
7.0
15.0
28.6
38.0
107.5
7.2
25.8
12.1
14.0
12.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

80.0
6.1
37.7
1.7
1.9
2.6
3.3

82.1
6.4
38.8
1.9
2.1
2.6
3.2

82.1
6.5
38.8
1.9
2.1
2.6
3.2

370.6
35.5
77.8
18.0
14.1
18.9
19.7

378.2
34.8
79.2
17.8
14.0
19.0
20.4

383.0
35.5
79.8
18.0
13.9
19.4
20.7

240.5
11.5
34.2
3.8
28.8
7.7
13.4

235.3
11.0
32.1
3.7
26.7
7.5
12.7

244.0
11.7
33.1
3.9
28.9
7.6
13.4

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

60.8
2.0
6.9
11.0

60.8
2.0
6.8
11.3

60.9
2.0
6.8
11.3

324.3
11.3
28.9
74.3

331.7
11.5
28.7
75.2

331.5
11.6
29.1
75.3

241.2
13.8
22.2
34.1

237.6
12.7
22.5
32.9

245.7
13.9
22.2
34.4

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

70.4
10.3
29.0
1.7

71.1
10.1
30.0
1.8

71.3
10.3
29.6
1.8

433.1
74.1
160.8
10.7

448.9
76.1
170.8
11.0

446.9
76.7
167.3
10.8

294.3
57.4
69.2
7.2

295.9
56.1
70.1
7.3

298.2
57.3
70.7
7.3

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

86.2
2.2
17.7
2.3
6.3
2.6
4.9
31.7
6.6

86.3
2.3
17.7
2.3
6.2
2.6
5.0
31.3
6.6

86.3
2.3
17.7
2.3
6.2
2.5
5.0
31.3
6.6

504.9
16.7
73.2
15.9
40.7
24.0
18.2
191.5
53.0

513.2
16.7
74.3
16.2
41.9
23.8
18.2
191.9
54.5

512.7
16.8
74.2
16.2
41.8
23.6
18.2
192.6
54.7

368.8
13.2
58.4
13.4
23.7
13.0
13.2
107.3
32.9

370.4
13.3
58.6
13.7
24.4
13.3
13.0
108.3
32.5

373.5
13.4
59.8
14.0
24.7
13.4
13.1
108.6
33.1

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

28.7
2.1
12.5

31.0
2.3
12.6

31.0
2.3
12.7

161.7
13.2
40.5

169.1
13.2
40.2

168.1
13.4
40.7

96.1
4.9
18.4

91.4
4.7
17.3

95.0
4.9
17.7

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

143.3
67.8
13.8
63.1

1.4

107.6
2.6
60.2
3.6
1.9
6.3
5.2
2.4
1.8
8.2
7.7

116.6
2.7
67.3
3.8
2.1
6.5
5.2
2.4
1.9
8.1
7.7

116.3
2.7
66.7
3.7
2.0
6.5
5.2
2.4
1.8
8.2
7.8

196.1
10.9
2.8
86.7
7.6
26.3
2.6
9.0
9.3
10.4

198.7
11.6
2.8
91.4
8.5
28.1
2.8
9.4
9.8
9.6

200.6
11.6
2.9
92.5
8.6
27.7
2.7
9.4
9.6
9.8

8.1
4.8

104.3
4.7
64.9
3.2
4.3

114.0
5.2
69.7
3.5
4.8

111.4
5.2
68.6
3.4
4.7

5.9

5.8

53.3
11.6

56.1
12.4

56.7
12.4

5.1

5.0

128.7
49.6
69.7
6.6

132.2
52.3
71.5
6.8

132.9
52.5
72.1
6.7

5.6

5.5

5.5

21.0

20.1

20.4

1.3

1.4

1.4

41.5
7.0
19.6

43.1
7.5
21.2

43.2
7.5
21.3

13.7
2.2
.5

84.8
65.8
12.8

92.4
71.3
14.7

91.4
70.9
14.3

.4

22.5
4.5
3.1
3.4

22.9
4.6
3.3
3.2

23.0
4.7
3.4
3.2

1.9

139.2
7.9
23.6
22.8
4.7
20.1
18.8
34.0
4.6
2.2

145.1
7.0
24.9
23.8
5.0
21.1
19.6
35.2
5.1
2.4

145.2
7.4
24.9
24.1
4.7
20.7
19.4
35.0
5.0
2.3

43.2
21.8
3.1
3.7

44.0
22.0
3.3
3.9

43.8
21.7
3.2
3.8

1.3
.2

1.3
.2

3,176.4
58.1
1,938.4
97 1
53.4
151.6
119.2
65.2
42.6
256.6
227.5

3,225.8
61.7
1,972.3
98.2
53.9
150.3
119.9
65.4
43.3
258.2
227.8

3,244.1
59.6
1,983.0
99.1
53.8
150.4
121.0
65.9
43.5
260.5
229.0

1.4

1.5

4,516.9
2722
72.9
2,111.3
182.8
563.3
61.7
214.0
237.1
183.2

4,576.0
274.6
72.9
2,136.6
181.6
580.8
63.0
215.6
236.4
184.6

4,615.5
279.4
73.8
2,156.7
183.6
581.5
63.1
216.4
239.5
186.4

2,530.1
112.2
1,641.9
74.8
86.4

2,558.4
113.5
1,652.9
77.5
86.1

2,586.6
114.4
1,682.2
77.2
87.9

Mississippi
Jackson

1,121.6
222.1

1,126.0
228.2

1,129.9
229.2

Missouri
Kansas City
St Louis
Springfield

2,674.5
931.3
1,302.8
162.3

2,698.9
955.7
1,313.2
163.3

2,709.0
957.4
1,317.5
165.2

Montana

374.6

377.6

376.8

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

871.9
147.5
407.3

880.2
150.0
414.0

891.7
150.3
421.8

Nevada
Las Veaas
Reno

905.2
640.5
180.4

943.4
672.7
184.5

951.1
681.0
184.5

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

578.8
97.4
93.9
114.9

573.8
94.0
92.4
112.7

578.3
95.4
93.8
113.9

3,772.6
180.9
650.6
476.3
243.5
617.4
363.1
960.2
198.1
60.1

3,823.0
192.0
653.7
485.0
245.5
628.8
370.7
967.9
196.5
60.1

3,841.3
182.4
659.3
489.6
246.3
633.0
367.7
975.3
198.5
60.3

715.8
336.3
52.3
71.5

725.4
341.2
52.8
73.8

726.5
341.3
53.3
73.0

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St Paul
Rochester
St Cloud

Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
.
Middlesex-Some rset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

.

See footnotes at end of table.




90

(1)
.5

( 2)

(2)
(2)
(1 )

(2)

/ 1 v

/1 \

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

7.6

7.7
/1 \

( )
.8

(M
(1)

.1
.1
.2

7.7

(M

1

.4

.5

/2\

.8

.8

(M

|Jj
(J)

8.2
5.0

ji j

(J)

8.1
4.9
/1 \

(1)

(1)

5.9

4.8

(M

(1)
!
(1)

/1 \

(M

(M

14.5
2.2
.7

(J)

.5

(M

13.8
22
.5
/1 \
/1 \
/1 \

2.0

.5

(M
2.0

(J)

(!)

(J)1

1

.5

(M

I)

.8
.3

15.7

(J)

October
1998P

141.7
67.1
13.5
63.0

2,327.3
1,197.9
420.2
858.3

.

September
1998

142.4
66.9
13.2
60.7

2,308.1
1,192.4
418.0
854.4

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth .
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

October
1997

1.3
.2

2,275.7
1,180.9
409.0
843.4

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D C

October
1998P

.5
.9

(M

I!
(M

.4
.9

.3

.2

15.1

15.0

!;!

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

173.6
98.9
29.4
38.3

175.5
99.2
30.9
38.9

174.1
97.7
30.4
38.9

105.9
59.4
20.4
34.1

106.9
61.3
22.0
34.2

105.8
61.6
22.1
34.5

537.2
271.1
64.7
198.5

540.0
273.7
64.6
196.3

541.5
274.2
64.9
196.8

Massachusetts
Barnstable- Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

450.8
2.1
224.1
10.7
13.7
38.9
29.0
13.7
7.4
39.3
41.9

449.9
2.2
223.7
10.4
13.7
37.2
30.1
13.4
7.5
39.3
41.9

447.4
2.2
221.8
10.6
13.3
36.7
30.1
13.3
7.5
39.2
41.9

138.5
2.9
84.7
5.1
2.2
4.9
7.4
3.7
1.3
10.3
9.8

139.5
2.9
85.4
5.0
2.0
4.9
7.1
3.8
1.3
10.6
9.0

139.3
2.9
85.4
4.9
2.0
4.9
7.2
3.9
1.3
10.6
9.0

723.8
19.8
419.6
31.7
12.3
34.7
25.0
16.4
10.5
58.9
51.1

734.4
21.8
424.6
31.7
12.4
34.6
24.9
16.4
10.4
58.8
51.2

734.9
20.4
427.4
31.8
12.6
34.8
25.2
16.4
10.6
59.2
51.3

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland ..
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

968.9
52.4
20.0
443.9
41.3
154.9
12.8
49.7
30.1
40.7

980.4
53.7
20.1
444.3
39.6
159.3
13.0
50.0
29.4
40.1

976.3
54.0
20.1
443.9
39.5
158.5
13.0
49.6
29.0
40.9

175.6
6.4
3.0
95.8
5.5
19.1
3.5
7.1
6.1
7.4

176.7
6.6
3.0
95.3
5.5
19.3
3.5
7.2
6.0
7.1

177.3
6.7
3.0
95.0
5.6
19.4
3.5
7.3
6.1
7.2

1,057.3
54.5
16.2
492.8
45.6
138.6
15.6
47.2
52.5
46.3

1,070.1
55.0
16.6
500.4
46.1
143.6
16.1
47.8
53.1
47.3

1,082.7
55.3
16.4
509.2
46.2
144.3
16.1
48.1
53.2
47.4

Minnesota

439.5
8.4
274.7
12.7
15.4

447.5
8.7
278.1
14.0
15.6

443.9
8.7
277.3
13.6
15.7

126.4
7.2
90.0
2.1
3.0

115.6
7.7
81.4
21
3.1

127.9
7.5
93.5
2.1
3.1

606.8
28.1
391.2
14.7
25.8

614.6
28.4
394.9
14.9
26.0

616.5
28.5
396.8
15.0
26.3

Mississippi
Jackson

241.1
20.5

239.5
21.1

240.1
21.1

54.2
15.7

53.2
15.6

53.6
15.7

238.6
53.7

238.9
53.4

240.0
54.0

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

421.0
107.4
196.9
23.8

423.2
109.6
196.8
23.8

421.3
109.4
196.2
23.7

165.1
76.4
83.0
10.5

165.5
79.5
83.3
10.3

166.0
79.9
83.3
10.4

630.3
228.3
307.9
45.7

639.4
231.9
311.3
45.7

642.7
232.7
313.1
46.4

Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Montana

24.9

24.6

24.4

21.4

21.4

21.5

99.6

102.0

100.3

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

116.7
17.4
39.6

118.6
17.9
42.1

118.5
17.8
42.3

54.3
9.6
28.6

56.4
10.3
29.3

56.8
10.3
29.9

213.5
31.1
98.5

214.6
31.0
98.5

217.9
31.3
101.4

41.0
22.1
13.5

43.1
23.3
14.2

43.1
23.0
14.5

46.7
33.3
11.7

48.0
34.2
11.6

48.1
34.2
11.8

181.9
130.0
41.1

189.1
136.7
41.2

190.5
137.7
41.6

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

107.7
13.9
27.9
19.8

104.9
13.5
27.2
19.2

104.7
13.5
27.3
19.2

19.8
5.5
2.3
4.2

19.6
6.0
2.2
3.9

19.6
6.0
2.3
3.9

150.8
23.6
22.9
30.5

150.1
23.0
22.6
30.0

152.4
23.5
22.5
30.6

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

486.6
6.5
108.8
55.1
29.5
92.7
20.8
136.2
19.6
13.3

481.1
6.3
106.8
54.9
29.6
92.8
20.0
136.1
18.1
13.1

479.1
6.3
106.1
54.9
28.6
92.4
19.7
136.0
17.3
12.4

261.3
7.5
36.0
22.2
28.8
50.8
21.0
81.4
7.4
3.1

267.4
7.3
37.5
22.5
29.2
52.0
21.3
84.3
7.5
3.1

266.6
7.2
37.8
23.0
29.1
51.9
22.0
83.7
7.7
3.0

880.4
36.6
178.1
126.0
56.6
144.3
99.2
190.9
33.1
11.6

896.6
42.3
180.0
128.3
56.1
146.8
103.5
191.7
32.8
11.7

898.3
38.2
180.7
129.2
56.8
147.1
100.6
192.3
32.9
11.9

48.2
30.3
2.8
2.0

46.1
28.7
3.0
2.0

45.6
28.7
2.8
2.0

33.1
16.0
1.8
1.2

33.5
16.3
1.9
1.3

34.1
16.6
1.9
1.3

168.2
80.9
11.4
15.4

174.1
83.5
11.5
15.6

173.3
83.9
11.5
15.4

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

Government

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

130.6
72.8
33.2
49.2

133.3
73.7
34.6
50.8

133.4
73.8
34.7
50.9

762.4
397.3
159.4
290.0

779.6
405.8
159.9
295.7

784.0
406.8
160.9
295.8

422.3
214.3
88.7
172.6

429.8
211.4
92.5
175.5

443.9
215.8
93.4
178.3

214.0
3.4
159.2
3.2
1.6
4.4
3.9
1.7
1.9
12.6
150

218.9
3.5
163.3
3.4
1.7
4.2
38
1.8
2.0
13.2
14 8

218.6
3.4
163.4
3.3
1.7
4.2
3.8
1.8
2.0
13.1
14.7

1,127.9
19.9
760.1
26.3
13.7
44.4
33.1
17.0
14.3
80.7
66.7

1,157.0
20.9
779.0
27.3
13.7
45.2
33.7
17.9
14.5
81.8
67.3

1,168.0
20.4
785.3
27.6
13.7
45.0
33.7
17.9
14.5
82.5
68.0

412.4
7.4
230.0
16.5
8.0
18.0
15.6
10.3
5.3
46.5
35.1

408.0
7.7
228.5
16.6
8.3
17.7
15.1
9.7
5.6
46.3
35.7

418.2
7.6
232.6
17.2
8.5
18.3
15.8
10.2
5.7
47.6
36.1

Mi phi gun
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
.
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

205.5
9.8
2.6
1121
6.5
22.4
1.9
10.9
13.7
6.9

207.3
10.4
2.4
113.2
6.6
23.2
1.9
10.8
14.2
7.0

207.5
10.2
2.4
112.9
6.6
23.1
1.9
10.8
14.2
6.9

1,238.5
65.9
19.7
647.0
51.1
146.0
14.9
54.2
57.3
49.3

1,275.6
67.8
19.4
661.2
51.4
151.1
15.2
55.0
58.6
50.8

1,283.4
67.8
20.0
665.2
52.5
150.1
15.2
54.8
58.7
51.1

667.4
72.3
8.8
232.1
25.1
56.1
10.5
35.9
68.0
22.3

659.5
69.5
8.6
230.0
23.9
56.2
10.5
35.4
65.3
22.7

680.0
73.8
9.0
237.2
24.6
58.4
10.7
36.4
68.7
23.1

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St Paul
Rochester
St Cloud

147.6
3.5
115.7
2.3
3.0

153.6
3.6
118.4
2.3
3.1

153.4
3.6
118.3
2.4
3.2

711.7
31.9
479.4
32.8
21.8

735.8
33.2
492.9
33.7
21.6

736.5
33.0
494.4
33.7
22.2

385.6
23.4
225.4
7.0
13.1

369.2
21.8
216.9
7.0
11.9

388.9
23.1
232.7
7.0
12.7

40.8
15.6

41.5
16.5

41.7
16.6

264.4
59.2

263.6
61.6

262.8
61.7

223.3
44.8

227.3
46.7

229.2
46.8

154.8
65.4
79 7
6.9

159 8
68.7
81 7
7.2

160.2
69.0
81.5
7.2

748.0
270.6
410.3
48.6

753.8
276.7
417.0
49.8

752.1
276.6
416.5
49.9

421.8
133.6
155.3
20.2

419.9
137.0
151.6
19.7

428.8
137.3
154.8
20.9

Montana

16.6

16.9

17.0

105.8

109.0

107.0

79.7

78.1

80.7

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

55.5
9.4
35.5

57.6
10.2
36.5

58.1
10.2
36.7

234.8
37.5
133.7

236.5
37.0
137.6

241.1
37.5
139.2

154.3
35.5
51.8

152.0
36.1
48.8

154.7
35.7
51.0

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

40.9
30.8
8.2

43.4
32.7
8.6

43.7
32.9
8.7

385.8
287.9
69.1

399.3
299.7
69.8

405.2
306.9
68.8

109.6
68.4
23.3

114.3
72.6
23.9

115.4
73.2
24.3

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

29.5
7.4
4.3
6.2

30.0
7.1
4.7
6.5

29.8
7.1
4.6
6.4

167.7
31.2
24.8
29.1

166.0
29.3
23.6
29.4

167.3
29.9
24.9
29.1

80.3
11.3
8.6
21.7

79.8
10.5
8.8
20.5

81.1
10.7
8.8
21.5

240.2
6.4
34.5
22.8
25.8
45.1
17.9
72.4
11.2
3.2

246.5
6.5
35.4
24.4
27.0
45.8
18.1
73.3
11.5
3.1

246.3
6.4
35.3
24.9
26.7
46.4
18.0
73.5
11.4
3.1

1,190.1
87.1
196.9
148.2
59.1
186.1
122.0
302.5
70.2
13.0

1,231.7
92.1
2027
154.3
61.9
195.3
126.9
307.7
72.0
13.0

1,230.9
87.7
203.1
154.1
61.5
194.9
125.4
309.6
73.9
13.5

572.8
28.9
72.7
79.2
39.0
77.8
63.4
142.0
52.0
13.4

552.6
30.5
66.4
76.8
36.7
74.5
61.3
138.7
49.5
13.4

573.0
29.2
71.4
794
38.9
79.2

31.2
16.5
2.0
3.2

31.9
17.0
2.0
3.4

31.9
16.8
2.0
3.4

195.8
105.7
11.0
20.9

202.8
108.1
11.8
22.1

202.3
108.0
12.0
21.5

180.4
65.1
20.2
25.1

177.9
65.6
19.3
25.5

1805
65.6
199
25.6

Maryland.
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence .
...
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

Mississippi
Jackson

... .

.

...

.

.

Missouri
Kansas City
St Louis
Springfield

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton .
Vineland-Millville-Bridaeton

.

New Mexico
AlbllQ UBTQ U0

Las Cruces
Santa Fe

. .
.

See footnotes at end of table.




92

626
144 3
50.3
13.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8,136.7
436.5
115.4
551.8
107.7
42.9
50.4
1,137.8
3,965.4
3,450.6
121.6
534.8
101.7
340.4
129.0
392.6

8,192.5
434.9
116.2
548.0
109.4
42.8
51.2
1,148.5
4,023.7
3,501.6
122.5
528.9
106.2
340.9
131.6
394.7

6,266.9
438.9
116.9
550.8
111.1
43.3
50.6
1,161.0
4,063.5
3,537.5
121.9
535.4
106.9
343.9
132.2
397.6

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

3,738.4
110.4
765.7
637.9
629.3

3,765.1
110.4
766.7
635.1
639.0

3,794.1
111.0
769.4
638.1
643.2

319.6
49.4
99.9
49.2

319.9
49.8
98.8
47.9

321.7
50.1
99.4
48.3

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,444.2
325.9
183.7
853.9
1,148.7
823.9
480.4
119.0
78.2
80.3
50.9
320.8
249.9

5,501.5
330.4
186.7
878.7
1,171.9
837.7
476.9
119.3
79.5
79.6
50.5
318.9
252.3

5,518.6
331.7
188.0
878.5
1,175.0
840.1
481.2
119.3
79.6
79.4
51.1
320.1
253.1

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,408.7
24.9
37.1
506.2
378.8

1,440.8
25.3
37.8
514.9
390.2

1,447.8
25.5
38.0
518.0
392.1

31.3
1.2
.1
7.3
7.6

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,557.3
140.6
70.7
938.5
135.7

1,582.2
140.7
72.0
952.3
138.7

1,589.5
141.9
73.1
958.3
137.5

1.9
.2
.1
1.1
.3

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harris burg-Lebanon-Car lisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,478.8
268.6
58.7
131.1
354.2
88.2
217.2
2,285.8
678.5
1,084.0
168.2
278.4
48.5
70.8
53.8
165.6

5,501.2
264.7
59.4
131.2
356.1
88.2
218.1
2,299.0
677.0
1,074.9
165.7
279.6
48.7
70.8
54.2
164.7

5,539.9
267.6
60.2
131.9
357.5
89.0
220.3
2,318.1
683.7
1,081.8
167.1
282.3
49.0
71.5
54.7
165.1

20.8
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
.4
(1)
1
( )
4.7
(1)
.4

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

See footnotes at end of table.




93

September
1998

(J)
(11)
( ) .3

(1)

.5

(1)
(')

209.1
6.0
47.4
31.8
35.3

213.2
5.9
47.3
32.6
36.5

214.2
5.9
47.4
32.7
36.4

16.3
2.7
5.7
3.1

17.3
2.7
6.2
3.1

16.5
2.6
5.6
3.0

.4
.1
.5

240.0
14.0
9.1
41.2
48.0
37.0
18.2
7.4
3.8
2.6
1.7
15.8
10.7

249.7
14.3
9.4
43.4
50.6
39.6
18.8
7.5
3.8
2.5
1.9
15.7
10.7

247.8
14.3
9.6
43.1
50.4
39.1
18.5
7.4
3.7
2.5
1.8
15.7
10.7

31.9
1.2
.1
7.3
7.5

31.6
1.2
.1
7.2
7.5

51.1
1.0
1.0
18.6
15.4

53.9
1.2
1.0
19.1
17.0

53.3
1.2
1.0
18.8
17.1

1.9

1.9
.2
.1
1.2
.3

85.8
7.9
3.4
58.2
8.1

87.7
8.3
3.7
57.3
8.6

87.7
8.2
3.6
57.3
8.4

20.1
(1)

227.4
10.8
2.6
4.6
13.7
4.7
12.6
93.0
12.4
53.0
7.8
11.0
1.8
2.6
2.4
8.7

234.3
10.9
2.7
5.0
13.8
4.6
12.9
97.9
11.8
53.1
7.7
12.2
1.7
2.4
2.5
9.0

232.9
11.0
2.6
4.9
13.8
4.6
12.9
97.8
11.9
52.9
7.4
12.2
1.6
2.4
2.5
8.9

(M
(M
(1
(M

.3

(1)

(M
(M
(M
(1)
(J)
(M
(1) .3
(1)
.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

4.0

(M
(11)
()
(M

4.8
.5

.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(M
(1)

4.1

(M
<;>
(1)
(1)

4.4

4.0

(M

(J)
(11)
()

4.1

4.1

(M
(M
(M

(1
(1
(1

(M
(11)
()

13.6
.5
.5
.7
.9
.7
.4
1
( )
(1)

13.3
.5
.5
.8
.8
.7
.4
1
( )
(1)

13.1
.5
.5
.8
.8
.6
.4
1
( )

(M

(M
( )
(1)

.4
.2
.5

.4

October
1998P

300.0
17.1
4.4
22.6
4.9
1.8
2.2
55.4
132.0
105.0
4.5
18.7
4.2
14.8
4.3
20.4

( )
(1)
(1)

(M
(1)

September
1998

302.8
17.2
4.5
23.0
4.9
1.8
2.1
55.5
132.2
105.4
4.6
18.7
4.2
14.4
4.3
20.3

4.9
.5
1

( )
(1)

October
1997

284.4
16.3
4.2
22.2
4.5
1.8
2.1
52.3
124.0
98.5
4.5
18.2
3.8
14.1
4.0
19.7

4.8
.5
1

October
1998P

(M

.4
.1
.5

(J)
(M

.2
.1
1.2
.3
20.2

(1
(1
(1)

(M
(M

.4

(1)
(1)

(M
1
(M
0)

.4

(1)
(1)
4.8

(1)
.4

(M
(1)
(M

.4

4.4

(M
(11)
(1)
()

.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

927.8
39.2
25.3
89.8
17.9
9.6
8.4
114.2
320.7
268.0
11.8
127.9
12.3
48.4
19.7
38.5

925.5
38.9
25.5
89.8
18.9
9.6
8.3
113.6
323.4
270.7
11.8
121.6
12.4
49.3
19.5
38.3

922.0
38.5
25.4
89.3
18.9
9.7
8.3
114.0
321.1
268.4
11.7
121.3
12.4
49.4
19.5
38.3

416.8
17.3
4.9
25.9
3.6
1.5
1.7
53.5
236.1
209.5
6.9
17.1
6.4
19.6
3.7
19.6

414.9
17.1
4.8
26.5
3.6
1.5
1.7
54.3
237.2
210.6
6.9
17.0
6.3
20.0
3.7
19.6

419.1
17.3
4.9
26.8
3.7
1.5
1.7
54.9
238.5
211.7
6.9
17.3
6.3
20.3
3.8
19.8

1,654.8
93.2
23.8
131.6
20.2
10.3
11.6
290.8
701.2
589.4
33.7
112.0
22.5
79.1
26.7
85.1

1,675.8
93.6
23.9
129.8
21.0
10.4
12.1
295.2
716.3
599.1
34.1
113.5
26.3
80.2
27.7
86.6

1,679.7
93.8
24.2
129.7
21.0
10.3
11.8
294.6
720.7
603.7
33.7
112.7
26.3
80.0
27.5
86.4

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem-High Point..
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

837.9
20.0
144.7
165.1
84.9

825.2
19.4
141.3
164.4
85.6

824.2
19.3
141.7
164.3
85.7

171.7
4.7
52.7
32.0
27.2

171.5
4.6
53.3
31.3
28.2

171.2
4.6
53.1
31.4
28.3

842.0
27.6
184.4
142.7
1322

850.9
27.8
185.3
1421
134.2

855.9
27.8
185.4
142.4
135.2

24.3
2.8
8.5
4.3

23.8
2.9
8.3
3.8

24.0
2.8
8.6
3.9

18.2
3.2
5.3
2.3

18.0
3.2
5.4
2.2

18.4
3.3
5.4
2.2

81.6
12.2
28.1
12.7

80.9
12.4
28.0
12.5

81.4
124
28.4
12.9

1,088.7
63.4
46.4
140.6
220.0
92.9
100.0
21.0
19.4
22.6
13.8
61.4
59.9

1,094.8
64.2
47.5
142.9
223.5
94.7
98.2
20.8
19.9
22.5
13.8
60.6
59.8

1,091.6
63.9
47.5
142.6
223.4
94.1
98.5
20.6
19.8
22.5
13.8
60.1
59.0

236.2
14.6
5.1
44.7
46.3
36.7
20.8
4.8
3.1
3.4
2.8
14.3
10.6

236.0
15.0
4.9
44.9
45.9
36.6
21.2
5.1
3.2
3.2
2.5
14.7
10.7

236.4
14.9
5.1
45.1
46.0
36.4
21.5
5.1
3.2
3.2
2.5
14.9
10.7

1,314.3
80.4
46.4
218.3
273.7
213.8
111.2
31.5
18.5
18.6
10.7
79.6
62.6

1,323.8
82.2
46.4
222.2
277.6
215.7
112.0
31.3
19.0
18.6
10.7
77.8
63.7

1,321.6
82.8
46.4
221.6
276.9
215.9
112.6
31.1
19.1
18.5
10.9
77.5
64.0

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

182.7
2.3
3.6
55.1
56.8

186.2
2.4

186.5
2.4

3.5

56.7
57.2

57.1
57.4

80.6
2.0
1.8
24.7
30.1

83.2
2.1

3.6

25.5
31.5

83.7
2.1
1.8
25.6
31.6

324.8
6.2
8.9
119.0
87.5

331.0
6.2
9.1
122.0
88.4

331.8
6.3
9.1
122.7
88.7

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

249.6
21.8
9.5
150.4
19.4

249.8
22.0
9.1
149.2
21.0

244.3
21.8
8.8
147.8
19.2

75.2
4.6
3.3
53.0
3.5

76.6
4.3
3.5
55.2
3.5

76.2
4.3
3.5
55.2
3.5

383.1
35.2
21.4
230.6
28.2

390.6
35.9
21.4
237.9
29.0

391.5
36.1
22.6
237.0
28.5

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Car lisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

942.8
57.0
10.0
34.2
45.9
12.7
56.8
306.4
58.7
138.9
44.0
54.6
11.2
8.6
13.2
47.8

936.1
55.0
10.0
34.1
45.0
12.8
56.0
302.1
57.5
138.8
42.1
55.3
10.9
8.9
13.4
46.4

932.2
54.9
10.1
34.1
44.7
12.9
56.0
300.7
57.2
138.4
41.8
55.4
11.0
8.9
13.5
46.4

283.4
15.7
4.4
4.9
23.4
5.3
8.7
108.8
33.9
66.2
8.1
15.5
2.0
2.0
2.0

284.7
15.7
4.4
4.9
23.4
5.2
8.8
111.4
34.4
64.2
8.4
15.7
1.9
20
20
7.5

286.4
15.8
4.5
4.8
23.6
5.4
9.0
112.1
34.8
65.6
8.3
16.0
1.9
2.0
1.9
7.6

1,226.3
57.1
15.8
29.0
78.4
20.5
53.8
502.6
109.9
257.3
39.0
66.6
124
13.4
13.2
40.2

1,232.1
56.2
16.2
29.5
79.8
20.9
54.7
506.2
111.9
256.9
38.8
66.6
12.3
13.9
13.2
40.4

1,243.9
56.8
16.5
29.7
80.3
20.6
55.2
508.1
111.5
258.8
39.6
67.3
12.4
13.8
13.5
40.8

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

See footnotes at end of table.




94

7.7

1.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
i and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

721.0
25.4
3.8
29.2
4.5
1.3
2.1
78.4
505.7
472.9
5.4
21.1
4.9
18.0
7.7
26.4

734.6
25.6
3.8
29.7
4.9
1.3
2.1
80.6
516.5
483.0
5.7
21.3
5.1
17.9
7.7
26.9

732.5
25.4
3.8
29.3
4.8
1.2
2.1
79.7
515.0
481.7
5.4
21.1
5.0
17.8
7.7
26.8

2,744.3
134.8
31.3
164.9
33.9
10.8
14.5
368.5
1,473.0
1,290.1
31.7
159.7
32.3
100.6
39.6
144.4

2,804.2
134.7
31.3
163.8
34.1
10.9
15.4
375.9
1,512.4
1,326.7
32.5
162.7
32.5
99.8
41.3
146.8

2,833.5
136.5
31.5
164.9
34.5
11.1
14.4
380.5
1,536.9
1,349.8
32.1
164.6
33.0
100.1
41.3
147.5

1,382.8
109.8
22.1
88.1
23.0
7.5
10.0
180.0
604.7
521.8
27.6
78.4
19.5
60.7
27.6
58.9

1,329.8
107.3
22.4
85.4
22.0
7.4
9.5
173.3
585.7
505.7
27.0
73.7
19.4
59.3
27.4
56.3

1,375.3
109.8
22.6
88.1
23.3
7.7
10.3
181.9
599.3
517.0
27.5
79.3
19.6
61.6
28.1
58.4

168.9
3.2
53.9
33.0
29.9

179.0
3.0
56.1
33.2
30.7

180.8
3.0
56.3
33.5
30.7

902.8
32.8
189.2
165.3
194.6

919.6
33.6
189.4
167.6
196.9

928.3
34.0
190.3
168.4
198.1

602.0
16.1
93.4
68.0
125.2

601.6
16.1
94.0
63.9
126.9

615.5
16.4
95.2
65.4
128.8

15.0
2.3
6.1
1.6

15.6
2.4
6.6
1.5

15.7
2.4
6.7
1.5

87.6
15.5
30.3
12.1

89.2
15.7
29.7
11.4

89.3
15.8
29.8
11.0

72.2
10.7
15.9
13.1

71.0
10.5
14.6
13.4

72.3
10.8
14.9
13.8.

287.5
12.9
6.1
53.2
73.9
71.5
18.3
6.4
2.1
2.6
1.4
10.9
9.4

293.6
13.3
6.2
55.6
75.9
73.5
18.3
6.7
2.2
2.4
1.5
11.0
9.4

293.1
13.3
6.2
55.4
75.6
73.3
18.4
6.8
2.2
2.4
1.5
11.2
9.5

1,493.3
90.7
50.1
253.9
340.1
234.0
139.3
27.0
20.7
20.0
13.7
90.8
64.5

1,531.5
92.5
52.1
266.2
351.5
241.4
138.8
27.7
21.0
19.6
13.4
91.4
65.9

1,536.7
92.2
52.4
265.8
353.0
242.9
139.9
27.5
21.1
19.6
13.8
91.5
65.6

770.6
49.4
20.0
101.3
145.8
137.3
72.2
20.9
10.6
10.5
6.4
47.8
31.7

758.8
48.4
19.7
102.7
146.1
135.5
69.2
20.2
10.4
10.8
6.3
47.6
31.6

778.3
49.8
20.3
104.1
148.9
137.8
71.4
20.8
10.5
10.7
6.4
49.1
33.1

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

69.8
1.0
1.7
29.5
20.0

70.8
1.0
1.7
30.1
20.8

71.1
1.0
1.7
30.4
20.8

385.1
7.1
8.1
148.8
118.4

399.3
7.1
8.4
151.8
124.9

400.0
7.2
8.4
152.1
125.2

283.3
4.1
11.9
103.2
43.0

284.5
4.1
12.1
102.4
42.9

289.8
4.1
12.4
104.1
43.6

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

95.5
7.4
3.1
66.6
6.6

98.4
7.6
3.2
67.8
6.7

97.7
7.6
3.2
67.2
6.7

409.5
38.0
19.1
259.4
32.5

426.9
38.9
20.4
268.0
33.0

426.6
38.7
20.1
269.9
33.1

256.7
25.5
10.8
119.2
37.1

250.3
23.5
10.6
115.7
36.6

263.6
25.0
11.2
122.7
37.8

314.0
13.2
1.9
5.4
25.6
4.2
9.5
158.5
54.8
62.0
8.4
14.0
1.5
1.9
2.1
5.1

321.8
13.5
1.9
5.4
25.8
4.1
9.9
160.7
54.9
62.5
8.8
14.3
1.6
1.9
2.2
5.5

321.3
13.4
1.9
5.4
25.7
4.1
10.0
160.8
55.2
62.3
8.8
14.1
1.7
1.9
2.2
5.5

1,738.8
83.6
15.9
36.8
99.9
26.9
56.3
819.9
290.0
374.3
41.1
81.1
14.0
14.2
14.8
39.2

1,755.4
83.3
16.5
36.3
101.9
27.0
56.8
827.1
287.1
369.6
41.0
80.9
14.7
14.4
14.8
40.0

1.766.6
84.0
16.5
36.8
101.9
27.5
57.6
836.6
294.1
370.9
41.2
82.0
14.6
14.2
14.9
39.5

725.3
31.2
8.1
16.2
67.3
13.9
19.1
296.6
118.8
127.6
19.8
35.2
5.6
28.1
6.1
16.5

716.6
30.1
7.7
16.0
66.4
13.6
18.6
293.6
119.4
125.0
18.9
34.2
5.6
27.3
6.1
15.5

736.5
31.7
8.1
16.2
67.5
13.9
19.2
302.0
119.0
128.5
20.0
34.9
5.8
28.3
6.2
16.0

Now York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
NewYorkCity
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Saiem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

,

See footnotes at end of table.




95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

September
1998

October
1997

459.3
516.0

459.7
510.6

461.7
516.1

1,738.7
225.3
284.4
463.7

1,812.1
235.9
293.7
474.7

1,813.7
236.7
295.0
475.6

357.8
46.6
104.1

361.6
47.3
108.0

363.3
47.1
108.8

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,616.4
224.1
2020
320.9
560.9
634.5

2,646.1
224.9
200.6
320.1
567.7
640.4

2,649.5
225.9
200.8
320.5
572.7
641.9

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo .
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
.
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
.
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
.
Waco
Wichita Falls

8,736.5
56.0
93.9
578.2
158.6
74.7
98.7
70.4
155.6
1,799.2
248.3
715.3
88.9
1,923.9
98.1
61.6
89.3
1153
137.5
105.6
43.8
673.2
44.2
51.7
76 0
36.0
97.0
59.5

8,943.0
57.9
95.7
596.5
160.9
75.6
99.7
70.2
157.2
1,855.1
254.9
738.9
90.4
1,977.7
101.6
62.1
90.4
117.7
139.5
106.9
44.1
693.9
44.7
52.4
80.8
37.1
98.6
61.0

8,989.0
58.0
96.0
599.6
161.1
75.7
100.7
71.5
157.2
1,861.9
255.6
740.5
90.2
1,979.5
102.0
62.3
90.9
118.8
141.9
107.6
44.1
696.9
44.8
52.6
81.2
37.3
99.4
61.1

1,010.2
139.1
679.7

1,037.8
142.7
695.5

1,036.4
141.6
696.9

8.6

2851
30.6
101.2

286.0
31.7
101.4

288.2
31.4
102.2

.7

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,276.5
37.3
81.8
46.1
98.0
672.8
1,013.6
529.2
140.8

3,345.5
36.9
84.1
46.6
97.8
679.9
1,051.3
536.1
139.9

3,361.0
37.3
86.5
47.0
98.8
682.1
1,054.4
537.7
140.9

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

2,556.3
1,317.5
190.5
229.3

2,632.8
1,364.3
187.4
238.3

2,638.2
1,362.3
186.6
239.2

Rhode island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

.

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake Citv-Oaden

..

..

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

.

See footnotes at end of table.




96

.2
.2
1.9

(J)
(J)

(J)

1.9

(J)

1.7

(*)
(1)

.6

1

i)
(M

167.8
1.7
.6
1.2
.8
1.4

(M
.9
2.4
11.6
4.3
.7
69.4

(M

3.2
3.4
.1
1.2
13.9
.7
1.9

(M
(M

165.7
1.7
.6
1.3
.9
1.3

(M

1.6
3.3
.1
1.2
12.5
.7
20

16.9
3.2
5.7

16.4
3.1
5.5

4.5
/1 \
/1 j
.6

120.2
10.0
11.1
15.5
24.9
32.1

125.5
10.7
11.4
15.8
25.0
34.8

125.5
10.6
11.4
15.4
25.0
35.0

164.7
1.7
.6
1.3
.9
1.3
1
( )

466.3
2.3
4.9
30.7
15.2
9.3
3.5
3.0
11.6
84.7
11.9
35.1
4.6
130.6
4.2
2.2
4.5
4.3
7.1
5.9
1.9
35.2
2.2
2.2
3.0
23
4.4
22

489.2
25
5.1
33.9
14.8
8.7
3.5
3.4
10.3
88.6
125
37.5
4.2
136.8
4.3
23
4.7
4.7
7.3
7.2
1.9
37.7
2.3
2.3
3.2
2.6
5.0
2.4

491.3
25
5.1
34.2
14.5
6.9
3.5
3.3
10.3
88.8
126
37.3
4.3
137.8
4.3
23
4.7
4.8
7.4
7.2
1.9
37.8
23
23
3.2
25
5.0
2.4

67.6
9.5
45.2

71.6
9.5
47.2

70.6
9.4
46.7

14.5
1.4
5.4

14.5
1.6
4.7

14.6
1.5
4.8

190.4
1.5
4.4
2.4
5.9
40.5
57.7
33.8
8.4

201.2
1.4
4.4
2.4
6.1
41.3
61.2
34.8
8.6

2021
1.4
4.3
24
6.1
41.7
61.5
34.3
8.6

143.1
69.3
123
13.2

152.0
72.8
10.7
15.9

149.6
71.9
10.3
15.6

1.5
3.3
.1
1.2
12.6
.7
2.0

I1)

28

1.6
1.7

(M 1.1
8.2

8.1

(M

(M

2.8

.6

11.0

3.6
.7

/I (

/1 {
(M

3.6
.7

(M

(M
11.1

.7

8

.6

(J)

ij)

.2

16.3
3.2
5.1

.7
69.6

(M

(M

1.7

(M4.3

(1 )

(1)

1123
18.5
16.5
32.2

.7
70.1

(M 1.1

( )
(1)

111.7
18.4
16.5
32.2

(M4.3

1.1

11.1

101.8
16.6
15.5
30.6

24
11.5

1.6
1.8

1

1.9

(J)
(])

.8
2.4
11.4

1.6
1.8

3.0

17.6
20.0

I1)

(M

i1!

.2

October
1998P

17.7
19.9

(M
4.5

September
1998

15.4
17.2

(!)

(M
4.6

October
1997

.2
.2

.2
.2

I1)
2.2

October
1998P

.8

(M "7

(M

3.5
.7
.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
October
1997

September
1998

1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

81.0
103.8

79.6
102.7

79.8
102.9

15.9
17.6

16.1
17.6

16.0
17.9

100.4
116.9

100.0
114.7

99.8
114.9

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg- Anderson

3620
21.3
25.9

363.0
21.7
26.5
122.5

76.4
12.3
12.6
20.7

79.1
13.1
13.0
21.1

79.4
12.9
13.0
21.2

417.8
55.4
66.4

447.1
58.4

445.8
57.8

122.4

363.4
21.9
26.5
122.7

118.1

122.6

122.9

49.7
4.7
14.2

49.9
4.6
14.8

50.2
4.8
15.0

16.3
1.9
6.5

16.2
1.8
6.4

16.4
1.8
6.6

88.2
13.4
26.0

14.7
27.0

14.2
27'.1

516.5
42.8
51.7
48.9
63.6
96.1

508.6
43.2
50.5
47.2
61.3
95.2

507.7
43.3
50.1
47.2
62.7
94.9

151.7
12.0
7.9
14.3
61.2
31.4

153.0
12.1
7.5
14.2
63.5
31.5

152.5
12.1
7.5
14.2
63.6
31.7

615.0
53.9
45.7
84.9
141.5
153.0

622.6
53.6
45.7
85.1
143.3
155.6

624.0
53.8
45.7
85.0
144.4
156.7

1,090.4
3.2
9.3
77.0
24.9
16.6

1,099.7
3.5
9.3
76.1
25.8
16.8
12.2
4.5

1,099.1
3.4
9.4
76.1
25.8
16.6
12.4
4.5
13.4
251.8
41.5
111.2
8.0

524.5
2.4
5.4
18.8
8.1
2.6
4.5
1.5
6.4
123.3
13.7

547.4
25
5.7
20.0
8.0
27
4.7
1.5
6.5

2,064.5
14.4
26.3

216.3

135.7
3.5
10.4
4.1
5.6
4.8
4.3
2.3
30.9
1.6
2.2
3.8
1.5
3.9
2.9

130.7
14.6
69.8
4.5
139.7
3.8
11.2
4.2
5.7
4.9
4.1
23
31.3
1.7
23
4.0
1.6
3.9
28

550.4
2.5
5.7
19.9
8.1
2.7
4.7
1.5
6.4
131.1
14.7
70.0
4.5
139.9
3.8
11.3
4.3
5.7
4.9
4.2
2.3
31.4
1.7
2.3
4.1
1.7
3.9
2.8

2,106.8
14.9
26.7
129.0
37.0
15.2
23.7
15.3
36.6
443.1
59.4
187.9
20.0
449.2
23.3
17.0
23.0
33.0
38.6
27.5
10.4
166.3

13.7

13.5
20.9
9.7
22.8
13.8

2,113.2
14.9
26.8
129.3
36.9
15.2
24.0
15.5
36.4
443.9
59.3
189.1
19.9
449.7
23.4
17.0
23.0
33.0
39.5
27.8
10.4
166.1
9.8
13.5
20.9

58.4
2.2

240.4
30.9
164.3

245.5
31.4
168.7

244.6
31.3
168.5

66.4
6.8
22.3

66.3
6.8
22.4

740.2
10.3

743.5
10.4

16.8
10.0
20.2
159.9
218.6

17.0
10.2
20.6

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristo!
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

12.0
4.2
13.2
247.6
43.9
110.6
7.9
212.5
9.0

13.4
251.9
41.7
111.4
8.1
217.2

9.3

66.9
4.4

123.4
35.9
14.8
23.8
15.2
36.0
433.6
57.8
180.5
19.2
440.6
22.9
16.5
22.3
32.2
38.1
27.7
10.0
162.2
9.8

9.5
3.2
16.4
8.4

10.5
5.8
10.8
3.3
16.6
8.5

9.3
1.6
19.1
8.1
13.3
7.4
4.6
50.9
10.5
5.8
10.7
3.3
16.8
8.5

134.6
20.0
83.3

135.5
20.4
83.4

135.3
20.0
83.2

57.3
2.2
45.2

58.4
23
46.0

46.4

47.3
3.5
18.4

48.6
3.7
19.1

48.1
3.7
18.9

12.5
1.1
4.8

12.5
1.1
4.7

12.6
1.1
4.6

65.6
7.0

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

406.4

407.0
8.8
8.2

171.7
1.3
2.3
1.0
3.7
32.4
61.3
27.6
8.6

173.3

176.1
1.3
2.4

24.9
68.5
45.7
61.1
18.6

405.4
8.8
8.2
15.7
24.8
68.7
45.6
60.5
18.5

8.5

1.0
3.7
33.6
62.5
28.4
8.5

731.7
10.2
16.4
9.9
20.9
159.0
215.6
124.7
36.2

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

378.9
223.2
23.1

382.1
227.8
22.6
25.1

378.3
226.9
20.1
24.7

135.4
78.4
7.9
9.4

140.8
83.4
8.2
10.4

140.2
81.7
8.2
10.3

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

1.6
19.1
7.8
13.4

7.6
5.3
50.1
10.6
6.0

9.6
8.2

15.6
25.3
68.8
44.4

61.7
19.2

25.9

1.6
19.0
8.0

13.0
7.3
4.7
50.7

15.6

See footnotes at end of table.




97

1.3
24
1.0
3.7
33.2

62.1
28.0

13.4
19.7
9.5

22.1

21.9

615.5
306.3
48.5
56.8

9.8

9.8
22.9
13.9

160.5

219.7

126.0
35.7

127.4

640.6
317.0
47.5
62.2

639.4
317.2
47.3
62.1

36.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

State and area
October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

26.6
28.9

27.9
29.4

28.0
29.1

154.6
164.9

154.9
1626

155.4
165.5

65.2
66.5

63.3
63.5

64.9
65.6

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

75.1
8.5
20.1
15.5

79.6
8.6
20.9
16.0

79.2
8.6
20.9
15.9

400.8
61.2
70.2
98.4

425.5
65.5
71.7
101.8

423.6
65.9
72.1
101.9

302.9
50.0
73.7
58.0

303.8
50.0
75.5
58.3

308.5
51.3
76.2
59.0

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

21.4
1.8
12.0

22.7
1.9
12.9

22.8
1.9
13.1

92.5
14.3
30.4

95.4
14.1
31.1

95.1
14.0
31.4

71.2
7.3
9.9

69.0
7.0
10.1

71.1
7.3
10.1

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

1221
15.4
6.1
14.0
27.9
39.2

123.5
15.5
6.2
14.3
28.2
39.6

123.0
15.6
6.3
14.3
28.2
39.4

696.9
56.1
50.2
87.4
161.4
198.8

707.5
56.1
50.7
89.0
163.0
199.4

708.9
56.7
50.7
88.6
164.0
199.0

389.4
33.9
29.3
55.3
80.4
83.9

400.9
33.7
28.6
53.9
83.4
84.3

403.4
33.8
29.1
55.2
84.8
85.2

Texas

469.0
2.4
4.9
30.0
5.2
1.8
3.7
2.3
6.5
141.4
9.8
32.0
5.5
101.8
4.0
2.3
3.2
5.5
4.9
3.6
1.6
44.8
2.1
1.7
4.0
1.6
5.6
2.1

485.3
2.5
5.1
30.8
5.4
1.8
3.7
2.3
6.5
146.4
10.3
33.3
5.6
105.4
4.3
2.5
3.3
5.7
4.9
3.5
1.6
45.6
2.1
1.8
4.2
1.3
5.9
2.2

485.9
2.5
5.1
30.9
5.4
1.8
3.7
2.3
6.5
146.4
10.5
33.2
5.6
105.4
4.3
2.5
3.3
5.7
5.0
3.5
1.6
45.6
2.1
1.8
4.1
1.3
6.0
2.2

2,445.3
19.4
25.8
166.6
41.7
14.0
27.8
15.1
48.1
555.7
56.1
193.9
19.0
582.0
27.0
11.0
20.9
34.7
31.1
24.4
13.0
213.3
12.3
14.4
23.4

2,541.8
20.2
26.5
174.5
42.5
14.3
28.8
15.5
49.9
580.9
59.2
203.0
19.5
602.9
28.2
11.6
21.4
36.1
32.4
25.3
13.4
226.7
12.7
15.0
25.3
10.0
29.6
17.0

1,508.7
10.2
16.7
130.5
26.8
14.2
23.4
28.2
31.4
201.3
55.1
92.0
27.6
251.3
27.5
14.4
11.8
25.1
36.9
18.2
9.0
134.8
5.6
11.8
11.0
15.0
12.7

1,515.3
10.2
16.4
131.6
26.7
14.8
23.2
26.9
31.5
205.9
57.3
91.5
27.7
256.0
28.3
14.4
11.6
24.4
37.3
19.2
9.2
135.3
5.6
11.7
11.0
6.8
15.1
13.1

1,542.6
10.3
16.8
133.4
27.0
14.9
23.6
28.1
31.9
207.5
57.8
92.4
27.7
257.9
28.7
14.5
11.8
25.3
38.2
19.6
9.2
136.4

29.6
16.4

2,533.6
20.1
26.8
173.8
42.3
14.3
28.7
15.5
50.0
577.1
59.1
203.2
19.6
603.3
28.3
11.5
21.3
36.1
32.3
25.6
13.3
225.0
12.7
15.0
25.1
10.0
29.3
17.1

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

53.6
4.1
44.2

54.5
4.3
44.4

54.3
4.2
44.6

273.8
52.9
183.1

286.5
54.3
1925

283.6
53.8
191.6

174.3
19.5
111.4

177.7
20.5
110.5

181.4
20.7
113.1

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.3
2.5
5.1

12.3
2.5
5.1

12.2
2.4
5.0

84.6
8.0
29.4

85.2
8.7
30.1

85.9
8.8
29.8

47.6
7.1
16.2

45.9
7.3
15.4

47.9
7.1
16.7

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

167.9
1.3
4.1
1.4
4.3
31.0
55.1
43.8
9.3

173.4
1.3
4.3
1.5
4.2
32.9
56.8
44.4
9.3

173.6
1.3
4.4
1.5
4.2
32.9
56.7
44.3
9.3

993.1
7.9
20.0
9.9
25.3
196.2
398.7
140.6
41.5

1,043.4
8.3
20.2
10.3
26.4
200.9
426.2
147.2
41.8

1,040.4
8.5
20.3
10.3
26.8
198.7
426.8
144.9
42.0

604.2
5.5
26.4
5.9
12.6
144.9
180.1
96.2
17.6

596.0
5.5
27.8
5.8
12.3
143.2
179.9
93.9
17.4

608.8
5.6
29.9
5.9
12.6
146.0
180.8
97.2
17.8

Washington

130.1
79.3
10.8
11.8

136.9
83.7
11.0
12.4

136.2
83.7
10.9
12.3

687.1
380.9
56.6
64.7

726.4
398.7
57.0
65.5

723.6
396.9
57.1
65.2

462.6
179.4
31.3
47.3

450.4
180.2
30.4
46.6

467.4
183.3
32.7
48.8

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

,

Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

See footnotes at end of table.




98

9.8

6.3

5.7
11.9
11.3
7.0
15.2
13.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

721.8
1320
121.9
70.5
67.0

722.7
134.5
120.8
70.4
67.1

730.3
134.2
122.0
70.7
67.9

2,704.9
196.9
74.3
136.1
70.3
51.2
70.0
271.3
840.1
82.8
58.7
65.4

2,742.2
199.9
75.3
136.1
69.1
53.0
69.3
276.0
852.1
84.1
58.8
66.5

2,748.3
200.3
76.2
137.0
69.8
53.3
70.4
279.0
855.3
84.2
58.5
66.7

Wyoming]
Casper

228.7
30.4

234.9
31.4

231.2
31.4

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

969.0
67.2
66.7
76.3
606.2

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(M
(M
(1)

40.5

(2)

(2)

(1)

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta

Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janes ville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Virgin Islands

See footnotes at end of table.




99

24.4
2.0
1.4
.3
1.6

September
1998

23.1
1.8
1.2
.3
1.5

2.7
(1)
(1)

(M
(1)
(11)
()
(M
(11)
()
(11)
()

(M
(1)
(11)
()
(M
(11)
()
(11)
()

1.1

.6

17.9
24
(2)
(1)
(1)

(M
(2)
(M

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

23.1
1.8
1.1
.3
1.5

38.1
7.6
6.5
4.6
2.8

38.3
7.8
5.4
4.3
2.9

38.6
7.7
5.4
4.1
3.0

2.5

117.1
11.1
3.4
7.1
2.9
2.3
3.0
13.2
32.4
3.5
2.5
3.0

122.8
11.9
3.7
7.2
2.9
2.2
3.2
13.8
33.7
3.9
2.6
3.2

122.2
11.7
3.6
7.0
3.0
2.2
3.2
14.0
33.5
3.8
2.5
3.2

16.8
1.8

17.6
2.1

17.0
2.1

25

(1)
(1)

17.4
2.2

October
1998P

0)
(M
(11)
()
(M
(1)
(M
(M
(11)
(1)
()
17.8
2.3
(2)
(1)
(1)

(M
(2)
(1)

56.1
3.2
4.4
4.5
38.2

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

2.0

(2)

(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
October
1997

West Virginia.

..

Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Par kersburg-M arietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau ...
.
.
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

. . .

...

September
1998

October
1998P

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

82.7
10.2
16.9
13.3
6.1

83.0
10.2
16.2
13.1
6.2

83.0
10.2
16.1
13.2
6.2

39.0
9.5
6.7
2.6
2.9

39.4
9.3
6.9
26
29

39.2
9.3
6.9
26
3.0

164.2
30.9
31.8
17.4
17.2

164.7
32.2
31.8
17.9
16.8

165.5
32.0
31.9
17.9
16.8

616.2
59.1
12.5
28.3
22.0
11.4
11 8
29.8
177.6
25.6
24.1
18.7

623.0
59.0
13.4
29.1
22.0
11.7
11 7
29 9
178.5
25.9
23.8
19.2

617.0
58.6
13.4
29.0
22.0
11.6
11.7
30.1
177.5
26.0
23.8
19.1

124.8
7.4
3.6
9.9
26
21
29
9.6
40.0
2.4
1.8
3.6

125.9
7.6
3.5
9.9
25
24
28
9.9
41.0
23
1.8
3.4

125.3
7.6
3.5
9.8
2.6
2.4
2.9
10.1
41.1
2.4
1.9
3.4

6125
42.4
20.1
32.1
16.0
123
18.4
58.4
180.1
16.4
10.9
16.0

621.1
43.4
20.4
31.7
15.6
125
18.5
57.3
183.6
16.7
10.9
16.4

622.8
43.8
20.7
31.8
15.6
12.5
18.7
58.1
183.9
16.6
10.8
16.6

11.5
1.5

11.3
1.6

11.6
1.6

13.9
1.7

14.1
1.7

13.9
1.7

52.8
8.4

54.5
8.5

53.1
8.5

147.6
16.0
16.5
10.5
68.1

(2)

2.2

(2)

/2\

/ 2\

(2)

(2)

26.1
.6
.6
22
20.7
2.3

See footnotes at end of table.




October
1997

100

(2)

(2)

2

( )
(2)

(2)

197.0
15.0
11.6
13.4
130.0
8.9

/2\
# 2\
(2)
I 2)
<2)

(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

28.4
7.5
3.8
2.6
2.9

28.5
7.9
3.9
2.6
2.9

28.8
7.9
4.2
2.6
2.9

203.5
40.7
34.2
20.1
23.2

207.0
41.7
35.2
20.2
23.7

209.5
41.7
35.2
20.4
24.2

141.5

145.5
10.0
2.7
9.4

145.4
10.1
2.7

1.8
2.7
22.2
59.7
2.2
2.3
4.9

1.8
2.8
22.2
59.7
2.3
2.2

Wausau

140.8
9.7
2.5
9.1
1.9
1.7
2.5
21.3
58.0
2.3
2.1
4.8

4.9

695.2
44.5
19.6
33.8
16.2
13.4
20.7
68.3
262.2
23.2
11.0
12.1

711.8
45.0
19.7
33.4
15.7
14.1
21.0
71.0
267.0
23.4
11.3
12.2

Wyoming
Casper

8.2
1.2

8.5
1.2

8.4
1.1

49.0
8.2

52.3
8.5

West Virginis
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta

Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine

Sheboygan

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
1

9.3
1.9

1.9

142.6
23.6

10.3

711.9
44.9
19.6
33.8
16.0
14.4
21.0
71.3
268.7
23.3
11.1
12.1

395.7
22.8
12.6

389.6
22.9
12.0

401.2
23.5
12.6

15.9
8.6
8.1
10.6

15.4
8.5
8.4
9.4

16.2

70.8
89.8
9.5

88.6
9.7

6.3
7.3

6.1
7.3

8.8
8.5
10.2
73.2
90.8
9.8
6.3
7.4

49.9
8.6

59.1
5.4

58.7
5.4

59.5
5.5

192.0
12.1
10.8
17.1
128.6

302.8
18.6
20.8
26.3
183.5

1.9

9.8

13.4

71.9

21.2
9.6
10.3

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1997 benchmarks.

2

Not available.
P -preliminary.




October
1998P

138.7
23.6
20.2
9.4
10.2

23.6
20.6
9.6

46.3
1.7
2.0
2.3
36.5

Combined with construction.

September
1998

lOl

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Average weekly hours
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

34.7

34.8

34.3

34.6

34.7

41.6

41.4

40.4

41.4

41.2

45.3

45.6

42.9

43.8

44.1

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

43.6
46.1
45.2

44.4
46.1
45.4

45.4
45.4
49.4

43.4
44.7
46.3

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

45.0
45.0

45.2
45.3

44.1
44.1

44.8
44.8

13
131
138

44.6
41.2
46.3

45.6
43.0
46.9

41.2
41.0
41.2

42.5
41.1
43.2

14
142

48.6
50.5

46.8
48.5

46.1
48.4

47.1
49.4

39.8

37.8

37.5

40.0

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

,

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

4.8
4.9

Crushed and broken stone

38.6

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

15
152
153
154

38.7
37.6
38.3
39.8

37.6
36.5
37.3
38.7

36.7
36.2
37.5
37.3

38.6
37.2
37.3
40.1

16
161
162

44.2
45.4
43.7

39.4
37.4
40.2

40.4
42.1
39.6

44.5
45.4
44.1

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

39.0
39.6
37.8
40.1
36.6
36.5
36.3

37.6
39.2
36.5
39.6
35.0
35.7
32.7

37.0
38.1
36.4
37.4
34.4
35.5
34.6

39.3
39.7
37.7
40.2
36.9
37.1
36.6

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

42.2
43.0
41.5
41.4
42.3
42.8
40.5
42.0
41.7
40.9
42.6
44.6
39.6
39.8
40.2
40.7

42.6
43.3
41.4
40.3
42.3
42.7
41.2
42.2
41.9
41.8
42.3
44.9
39.7
39.6
39.6
40.9

41.5
41.8
40.5
39.9
41.6
42.1
39.8
41.1
40.8
40.9
41.2
42.9
38.6
38.6
38.5
40.1

41.9
42.5
41.5
42.2
42.5
42.9
41.4
41.7
41.4
40.7
42.6
43.1
39.1
40.2
40.4
40.7

42.1
42.6
41.6

5.0
5.3
4.5
5.7
5.1
5.6
3.2
4.7
4.1
4.5
4.8
5.6
3.7
3.2
3.1
3.6

5.2
5.5
4.5
5.1
5.1
5.5
3.7
4.9
4.3
5.3
4.7
6.1
3.7
2.9
2.7
3.9

4.7
4.6
4.1
5.1
4.3
4.7
2.8
4.6
3.8
5.1
5.2
6.2
3.2
2.5
2.5
3.4

4.7
4.8
4.6
6.0
5.0
5.5
3.5
4.9
4.2
4.5
5.4
6.1
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.7

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

40.7
39.9
40.1
39.6
41.0
39.3
42.4
40.3
42.6
41.5

41.2
40.1
40.4
39.7
41.8
38.7
44.0
40.8
42.9
42.8

39.7
38.4
38.4
38.0
36.6
40.7
41.0
40.9
43.3
38.6

40.9
39.9
40.3
39.4
39.7
38.9
43.8
42.0
42.7
39.0

40.9

3.8
3.3
3.2
3.0
4.6
4.0
4.6
3.8
4.7
4.2

3.9
3.2
3.1
3.0
5.0
3.2
5.5
3.9
4.7
5.2

3.6
2.8
2.7
2.3
2.4
5.0
4.0
5.3
5.5
3.3

3.8
3.1
3.3
2.8
3.3
2.8
4.3
5.4
5.0
3.4

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
,
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

See footnotes at end of table.




102

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

$12.45

$12.53

$12.89

$12.92

$12.99

$432.02

$436.04

$442.13

$447.03

$450.75

14.11

14.12

14.47

14.49

14.50

586.98

584.57

584.59

599.89

597.40

16.23

16.41

17.16

17.14

17.27

735.22

748.30

736.16

750.73

761.61

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

17.94
18.94
16.47

18.28
19.74
16.51

18.52
21.52
16.78

18.39
20.78
17.02

782.18
873.13
744.44

811.63
910.01
749.55

840.81
977.01
828.93

798.13
928.87
788.03

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

18.93
19.20

19.10
19.36

19.22
19.46

19.17
19.43

851.85
864.00

863.32
877.01

847.60
858.19

858.82
870.46

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

15.79
21.40
13.30

16.00
21.74
13.35

17.17
22.97
14.14

17.15
23.10
14.14

704.23
881.68
615.79

729.60
934.82
626.12

707.40
941.77
582.57

728.88
949.41
610.85

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

14.35
13.65

14.32
13.69

14.83
14.05

14.95
14.24

697.41
689.33

670.18
663.97

683.66
680.02

704.15
703.46

16.33

16.28

16.76

16.85

649.93

615.38

628.50

674.00

15
152
153
154

15.53
14.55
15.43
16.47

15.55
14.46
15.21
16.62

16.03
14.97
15.16
17.14

16.15
15.06
15.34
17.23

601.01
547.08
590.97
655.51

584.68
527.79
567.33
643.19

588.30
541.91
568.50
639.32

623.39
560.23
572.18
690.92

16
161
162

16.13
16.34
16.02

15.74
15.74
15.73

16.54
16.82
16.40

16.70
16.87
16.62

712.95
741.84
700.07

620.16
588.68
632.35

668.22
708.12
649.44

743.15
765.90
732.94

17
171
172
173

16.64
16.92
14.97
18.00
16.48
16.34
14.50

16.65
16.80
15.00
18.08
16.44
16.35
14.57

17.06
17.26
15.47
18.51
17.00
16.79
14.98

17.13
17.40
15.65
18.69
16.88
16.54
14.97

648.96
670.03
565.87
721.80
603.17
596.41
526.35

626.04
658.56
547.50
715.97
575.40
583.70
476.44

631.22
657.61
563.11
692.27
584.80
596.05
518.31

673.21
690.78
590.01
751.34
622.87
613.63
547.90

13.28
13.88
10.87
12.35
10.91
11.35
9.15
10.97
11.16
10.59
9.53
13.15
8.54
11.14
11.33
10.22

13.36
13.95
10.91
12.38
10.95
11.40
9.20
11.04
11.16
10.80
9.62
13.24
8.55
11.11
11.31
10.28

13.60
14.08
11.19
12.73
11.13
11.58
9.49
11.39
11.45
11.25
10.21
13.56
8.95
11.15
11.27
10.60

13.54
14.03
11.23
12.85
11.18
11.63
9.52
11.36
11.46
11.18
10.13
13.59
9.02
11.47
11.63
10.50

13.61
14.10
11.27

560.42
596.84
451.11
511.29
461.49
485.78
370.58
460.74
465.37
433.13
405.98
586.49
338.18
443.37
455.47
415.95

569.14
604.04
451.67
498.91
463.19
486.78
379.04
465.89
467.60
451.44
406.93
594.48
339.44
439.96
447.88
420.45

564.40
588.54
453.20
507.93
463.01
487.52
377.70
468.13
467.16
460.13
420.65
581.72
345.47
430.39
433.90
425.06

567.33
596.28
466.05
542.27
475.15
498.93
394.13
473.71
474.44
455.03
431.54
585.73
352.68
461.09
469.85
427.35

572.98
600.66
468.83

10.67
10.08

10.69
10.10
9.60
10.76
9.82
10.70
11.79
11.63
11.39
10.76

10.98
10.41
9.99
10.96
10.11
11.05
11.53
12.43
11.71
10.94

10.98
10.37
10.00
11.11
9.80
10.71
11.77
12.27
11.77
11.02

10.96

434.27
402.19
385.76
425.70
400.98
414.22
499.05
465.06
488.62
436.58

440.43
405.01
387.84
427.17
410.48
414.09
518.76
474.50
488.63
460.53

435.91
399.74
383.62
416.48
370.03
449.74
472.73
508.39
507.04
422.28

449.08
413.76
403.00
437.73
389.06
416.62
515.53
515.34
502.58
429.78

448.26

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

174
175
176

Manufacturing
,
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
,
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
,
Softwood veneer and plywood
,
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

24
241
242

2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

,

25
251
2511

,

2512

,
,
,

2514
2515
252
253
254
259

9.62
10.75
9.78
10.54
11.77
11.54
11.47
10.52

See footnotes at end of table.




103

16.80

648.48

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
,
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
,
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327

3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
33
331
3312
3317
332

3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345

3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347

3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Average weekly hours
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

43.9
46.6
42.2
44.3
40.8
43.0
44.5
42.3
41.3
45.7
47.2
44.4
45.9
42.6
42.5
46.5

43.1
45.9
43.0
44.9
41.9
42.7
46.1
42.5
42.2
43.1
45.3
43.1
41.8
43.4
43.9
47.6

43.9
43.8
45.0
48.6
42.8
43.2
45.8
41.9
40.9
45.0
47.4
43.2
45.0
43.1
41.3
49.1

44.1
42.8
42.2
44.1
41.1
43.7
44.3
41.7
41.4
46.6
48.5
45.4
46.6
42.3
41.8
48.5

45.1
45.0
45.6
44.9
46.4
46.7
54.0
45.3
44.4
44.4
45.5
44.1
47.0
45.6
43.9
43.9

45.5
45.5
45.9
45.3
46.6
47.4
54.6
44.2
45.0
44.6
46.0
44.8
47.3
46.2
44.0
44.1

43.8
44.3
45.0
44.3
43.5
44.8
42.9
41.9
43.7
44.1
44.3
42.9
44.8
44.8
42.4
43.6

42.8
42.9
43.3
43.4
43.3
43.6
42.7
43.1
42.3
42.4
43.0
41.8
43.3
41.4
42.0
44.1
42.6
45.9
43.9
45.1
44.6
42.3
41.7
41.1
42.7
39.9
40.6
42.6
42.8
40.5

43.3
43.3
43.7
44.1
44.2
44.1
41.9
41.6
42.7
42.8
43.5
41.8
44.3
41.5
42.3
44.6
43.3
46.1
44.6
46.4
45.3
42.6
41.8
41.3
42.7
41.0
41.5
43.4
43.3
41.0

41.6
42.9
42.9
41.4
42.5
40.7
42.2
40.7
41.7
41.6
42.7
40.6
41.9
40.5
41.5
42.1
40.8
43.7
42.3
42.1
43.6
40.2
40.7
40.8
40.6
39.4
42.2
41.2
39.9
40.5

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

104

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

43.5

6.4
8.0
4.7
6.4
3.6
5.6
5.5
4.6
5.1
8.2
9.3
6.9
8.7
5.2
3.8
5.4

5.8
7.2
5.0
6.4
4.1
5.5
6.1
4.8
5.7
6.3
7.7
6.0
5.9
5.6
4.2
8.4

6.5
7.9
7.6
9.0
6.7
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.6
7.3
8.8
6.1
7.4
5.3
2.5
11.2

6.9
7.2
5.2
6.6
4.3
5.7
5.7
5.1
5.1
9.1
10.3
8.1
9.6
5.5
2.8
12.4

43.5
43.0
43.0
43.9
44.2
45.0
46.2
43.2
42.3
43.5
43.7
42.9
43.2
44.2
43.8
44.6

44.0
43.0

7.0
7.0
7.5
6.8
7.4
8.3
10.0
5.9
6.2
6.2
8.0
7.4
10.0
7.8
5.5
5.7

7.0
6.6
6.8
7.1
7.6
8.6
10.7
5.6
6.7
6.6
8.2
7.9
10.8
7.9
5.6
5.6

6.5
6.2
6.7
5.8
5.9
6.9
6.4
4.3
9.4
11.4
7.7
7.9
12.7
6.8
4.9
5.2

6.1
5.2
5.3
5.5
6.3
7.2
7.8
5.1
6.4
7.3
7.2
7.2
9.0
7.1
5.6
6.1

42.5
43.8
43.9
42.9
43.9
42.3
43.3
41.6
42.7
42.5
44.3
42.0
42.5
41.6
42.2
43.0
41.7
44.6
43.5
43.3
44.7
41.4
41.8
41.5
42.2
40.0
42.6
41.5
41.6
40.3

42.8

5.3
6.2
6.1
5.0
5.2
5.0
5.2
4.9
4.6
5.0
6.0
4.0
5.5
4.3
4.4
6.2
5.4
7.1
6.4
7.1
7.2
4.9
5.1
4.8
5.7
3.4
3.3
4.7
4.9
3.4

5.5
5.8
5.7
5.3
5.2
5.4
4.8
4.4
5.1
5.2
6.5
3.9
6.0
4.4
4.5
6.4
5.8
7.2
6.7
7.7
7.3
5.1
5.1
4.8
5.6
3.7
3.8
5.1
5.1
3.5

4.6
7.2
7.1
4.1
4.2
4.1
3.8
3.6
3.7
4.8
6.6
4.1
4.6
4.0
4.5
4.6
3.9
5.4
5.4
5.5
6.3
3.7
4.5
4.6
4.3
3.4
3.8
3.7
3.4
3.6

5.0
6.6
6.6
4.6
5.2
4.2
4.4
3.3
5.6
5.2
7.3
4.3
5.1
4.3
4.9
5.3
4.6
6.2
5.7
5.6
6.3
4.3
5.2
5.1
5.3
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.2
3.6

Nov.
1998P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. non metal lie mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

32
321
322

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
33
331
3312

3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
, 335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
,
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
,
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
,
Metal doors, sash, and trim
,
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
,
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
,
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
,
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
,
Misc. fabricated metal products
,
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
,

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345

3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347

3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.

Oct.
1998P

Nov.

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

$13.32
19.17
15.03
15.82
14.49
11.86
17.59
11.40
11.53
12.90
12.45
11.47
13.71
13.66
12.16
15.55

$13.36
18.90
15.15
15.82
14.70
12.10
18.32
11.48
11.63
12.74
12.34
11.39
13.52
13.75
12.27
15.90

$13.82
18.99
16.02
16.92
15.37
12.13
18.93
12.06
12.22
13.27
12.50
11.82
14.10
13.95
12.48
15.47

$13.68
17.95
15.62
16.58
14.98
12.21
18.81
12.13
11.77
13.36
12.64
11.98
14.23
13.68
12.50
15.64

$13.68

$584.75
893.32
634.27
700.83
591.19
509.98
782.76
482.22
476.19
589.53
587.64
509.27
629.29
581.92
516.80
723.08

$575.82
867.51
651.45
710.32
615.93
516.67
844.55
487.90
490.79
549.09
559.00
490.91
565.14
596.75
538.65
756.84

$606.70
831.76
720.90
822.31
657.84
524.02
866.99
505.31
499.80
597.15
592.50
510.62
634.50
601.25
515.42
759.58

$603.29
768.26
659.16
731.18
615.68
533.58
833.28
505.82
487.28
622.58
613.04
543.89
663.12
578.66
522.50
758.54

$595.08

15.33
18.26
19.95
14.15
13.96
14.94
15.07
12.74
16.74
16.80
14.56
14.60
17.22
14.62
12.02
11.62

15.38
18.28
19.95
14.27
14.06
15.05
15.13
12.86
16.89
17.02
14.58
14.78
16.90
14.59
12.03
11.54

15.61
18.75
20.50
14.07
13.96
14.59
15.12
13.61
17.11
17.09
14.58
15.48
16.97
14.43
12.43
11.84

15.28
18.09
19.77
13.78
13.93
14.52
14.79
13.64
17.19
17.10
14.40
15.35
16.49
14.32
12.36
11.84

15.35
18.20

691.38
821.70
909.72
635.34
647.74
697.70
813.78
577.12
743.26
745.92
662.48
643.86
809.34
666.67
527.68
510.12

699.79
831.74
915.71
646.43
655.20
713.37
826.10
568.41
760.05
759.09
670.68
662.14
799.37
674.06
529.32
508.91

683.72
830.63
922.50
623.30
607.26
653.63
648.65
570.26
747.71
753.67
645.89
664.09
760.26
646.46
527.03
516.22

664.68
777.87
850.11
604.94
615.71
653.40
683.30
589.25
727.14
743.85
629.28
658.52
712.37
632.94
541.37
528.06

675.40
782.60

12.86
16.17
17.14
12.37
12.13
12.52
11.90
11.67
11.91
12.21
12.41
10.38
13.54
12.48
11.63
12.91
12.33
13.53
15.09
14.43
17.38
12.30
10.87
10.71
11.13
15.26
16.00
12.29
12.57
10.87

12.93
16.24
17.26
12.34
12.11
12.51
11.94
11.71
11.82
12.31
12.50
10.49
13.66
12.54
11.69
13.05
12.46
13.70
15.20
14.52
17.45
12.41
10.84
10.73
11.02
15.50
16.50
12.35
12.53
10.92

13.18
16.75
17.85
12.29
12.37
12.41
11.83
11.58
12.22
12.61
12.99
10.63
13.86
13.00
11.88
13.33
12.71
14.02
15.47
14.70
17.80
12.75
11.24
11.07
11.51
15.61
16.65
12.61
12.83
11.30

13.19
16.62
17.73
12.21
12.41
12.23
11.90
11.47
12.41
12.64
13.12
10.67
13.94
12.94
11.87
13.43
12.73
14.21
15.50
14.72
17.88
12.67
11.27
11.13
11.49
15.37
16.34
12.62
12.91
11.27

13.23

550.41
693.69
742.16
536.86
525.23
545.87
508.13
502.98
503.79
517.70
533.63
433.88
586.28
516.67
488.46
569.33
525.26
621.03
662.45
650.79
775.15
520.29
453.28
440.18
475.25
608.87
649.60
523.55
538.00
440.24

559.87
703.19
754.26
544.19
535.26
551.69
500.29
487.14
504.71
526.87
543.75
438.48
605.14
520.41
494.49
582.03
539.52
631.57
677.92
673.73
790.49
528.67
453.11
443.15
470.55
635.50
684.75
535.99
542.55
447.72

548.29
718.58
765.77
508.81
525.73
505.09
499.23
471.31
509.57
524.58
554.67
431.58
580.73
526.50
493.02
561.19
518.57
612.67
654.38
618.87
776.08
512.55
457.47
451.66
467.31
615.03
702.63
519.53
511.92
457.65

560.58
727.96
778.35
523.81
544.80
517.33
515.27
477.15
529.91
537.20
581.22
448.14
592.45
538.30
500.91
577.49
530.84
633.77
674.25
637.38
799.24
524.54
471.09
461.90
484.88
614.80
696.08
523.73
537.06
454.18

566.24

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

43.4
44.6
42.3
45.4
41.9
42.6
45.0
44.2
42.0
49.9
42.6
42.2
44.0
43.8
44.7
44.1
43.0
42.2
43.2
41.3
41.6
42.1
43.1
41.7
43.8
42.5
43.4
44.5
42.7
41.8
41.7

44.0
45.4
43.2
46.2
42.9
43.6
45.1
44.1
42.7
49.9
43.4
42.2
44.5
44.4
45.9
44.4
43.7
43.8
43.7
41.7
43.0
42.2
43.8
42.9
43.9
44.1
44.3
44.5
43.1
42.8
42.8

41.8
44.9
43.6
45.3
40.9
42.2
41.9
40.7
40.1
44.6
41.7
40.5
41.6
42.1
42.5
42.0
40.8
41.9
40.8
39.1
40.6
41.0
41.1
40.1
41.0
42.0
42.9
40.1
41.3
42.8
43.0

42.4
43.2
43.3
43.2
40.8
41.4
43.4
42.6
41.3
46.4
42.0
42.6
43.0
42.8
44.0
43.6
41.6
41.6
41.8
39.6
40.8
42.4
41.8
40.5
42.4
42.2
43.0
41.6
41.5
42.3
42.7

42.4

5.5
6.5
4.4
7.2
4.4
5.0
6.2
5.2
4.5
10.2
4.9
4.6
6.4
6.4
6.2
7.0
4.9
4.3
5.5
3.9
4.5
4.7
5.3
4.4
6.7
4.7
4.5
6.2
5.6
3.9
3.1

5.9
6.7
5.8
7.1
5.0
5.5
6.4
5.3
4.8
10.5
5.5
4.5
6.6
6.6
7.0
7.1
5.2
5.3
5.7
4.2
5.4
4.8
5.6
5.1
6.8
5.5
5.0
6.4
5.8
4.4
4.1

4.5
6.2
4.5
6.8
3.0
3.2
4.3
3.9
3.5
5.5
4.1
3.6
4.8
4.1
5.1
5.3
3.6
3.7
3.9
2.3
4.2
4.0
4.1
3.8
5.1
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.0
4.7
5.4

4.7
5.9
4.6
6.3
2.9
3.0
5.1
4.4
3.5
7.7
4.5
4.5
5.4
5.0
5.7
6.2
3.9
3.7
4.5
3.3
4.4
5.0
4.4
4.2
5.2
4.5
3.7
5.0
3.9
4.3
4.7

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

42.0
43.7
43.9
42.9
40.6
42.8

42.6
44.8
45.4
43.5
41.4
43.3

41.3
42.7
43.3
41.1
40.4
41.1

42.3
42.8
43.3
42.1
41.1
42.2

4.9
4.7
4.9
5.9
4.7
5.9

5.1
5.4
5.8
6.2
4.9
6.3

3.9
5.2
5.7
4.4
5.1
4.5

4.5
4.1
4.5
5.0
4.9
5.1

36
361

41.9
41.6
42.4
40.9
41.5
41.5
40.6
41.1
40.0
41.6
42.2
42.3
42.8
41.0
42.3
40.6
42.5
41.8
42.8
44.6
41.7
40.1
42.1
41.1
42.4
43.4
42.7

42.7
42.5
43.4
41.6
42.5
42.1
42.3
41.1
39.9
41.3
42.1
42.2
42.4
41.9
42.7
39.4
43.5
41.8
43.6
45.6
42.7
41.0
43.5
42.4
43.2
43.6
43.2

41.0
40.0
41.5
38.7
40.8
41.3
39.8
39.5
41.1
38.9
40.7
40.5
39.3
40.5
40.7
37.9
40.8
39.7
42.8
45.1
40.9
42.4
42.5
39.7
41.6
44.0
41.4

41.5
40.3
41.4
39.3
41.3
41.6
40.6
40.2
42.5
39.1
40.2
41.9
41.0
42.0
42.4
39.7
40.7
40.7
42.9
44.3
41.2
42.3
42.0
41.1
42.8
44.2
43.3

4.4
4.4
3.8
4.9
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.4
2.9
3.6
4.1
4.8
5.3
4.5
3.6
3.3
5.7
3.7
4.2
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.6
3.8
5.0
5.7
5.6

4.7
4.9
4.5
5.2
4.1
3.7
4.4
3.1
2.1
2.2
3.7
4.7
4.9
4.8
3.7
3.4
5.8
3.9
4.6
4.8
4.9
4.6
5.1
4.7
5.2
5.1
5.7

3.9
4.0
3.5
4.5
3.2
3.3
2.8
2.4
2.7
2.2
2.9
3.8
3.8
4.0
3.5
2.5
4.9
3.2
4.0
5.2
3.9
5.5
5.1
3.0
4.9
5.5
5.8

3.9
3.7
3.3
4.0
3.3
3.3
3.1
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.1
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.2
3.2
5.1
3.9
3.5
3.7
3.9
2.6
4.7
3.5
5.1
5.1
6.1

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356

3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357

3571

3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364

3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

106

42.2

Nov.
1998P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

$14.23
16.66
19.47
15.75
14.03
14.68
13.52
13.81
14.55
13.40
13.54
12.64
15.04
14.80
15.32
15.82
13.16
12.21
14.76
12.91
15.19
14.56
13.88
14.55
15.13
14.60
11.63
14.92
13.30
14.63
16.15

$14.30
16.96
20.02
15.95
14.03
14.80
13.60
14.04
14.36
13.42
13.66
12.61
15.06
14.78
15.50
15.80
13.20
12.40
14.86
12.90
15.97
14.54
13.93
14.63
15.21
14.84
11.67
14.92
13.34
14.74
16.27

$14.53
17.41
19.29
16.81
13.83
14.32
13.72
14.10
14.73
13.57
13.76
12.70
15.47
15.16
15.76
16.24
13.48
12.56
15.12
13.10
16.41
14.83
14.06
14.89
15.03
14.89
11.71
15.06
13.53
15.41
16.95

$14.54
17.60
19.33
17.04
13.58
14.23
13.75
13.90
14.71
13.86
13.96
12.77
15.43
14.96
15.90
16.13
13.51
12.65
15.13
13.26
16.06
15.06
14.13
14.99
15.08
14.86
11.57
15.18
13.67
15.68
17.35

$14.63

$617.58
743.04
823.58
715.05
587.86
625.37
608.40
610.40
611.10
668.66
576.80
533.41
661.76
648.24
684.80
697.66
565.88
515.26
637.63
533.18
631.90
612.98
598.23
606.74
662.69
620.50
504.74
663.94
567.91
611.53
673.46

$629.20
769.98
864.86
736.89
601.89
645.28
613.36
619.16
613.17
669.66
592.84
532.14
670.17
656.23
711.45
701.52
576.84
543.12
649.38
537.93
686.71
613.59
610.13
627.63
667.72
654.44
516.98
663.94
574.95
630.87
696.36

$607.35
781.71
841.04
761.49
565.65
604.30
574.87
573.87
590.67
605.22
573.79
514.35
643.55
638.24
669.80
682.08
549.98
526.26
616.90
512.21
666.25
608.03
577.87
597.09
616.23
625.38
502.36
603.91
558.79
659.55
728.85

$616.50
760.32
836.99
736.13
554.06
589.12
596.75
592.14
607.52
643.10
586.32
544.00
663.49
640.29
699.60
703.27
562.02
526.24
632.43
525.10
655.25
638.54
590.63
607.10
639.39
627.09
497.51
631.49
567.31
663.26
740.85

$620.31

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

13.46
13.13
13.58
13.84
14.49
13.67

13.55
13.30
13.74
13.89
14.56
13.75

14.03
12.96
13.26
14.19
14.69
14.06

13.94
12.94
13.26
14.15
14.35
14.05

565.32
573.78
596.16
593.74
588.29
585.08

577.23
595.84
623.80
604.22
602.78
595.38

579.44
553.39
574.16
583.21
593.48
577.87

589.66
553.83
574.16
595.72
589.79
592.91

36
361
3612

12.91
12.72
11.88
13.53
12.29
11.45
13.92
12.34
13.48
14.57
10.63
12.75
16.10
13.01
11.40
8.86
11.53
10.93
13.90
14.91
12.87
15.00
17.01
10.49
13.83
15.28
13.94

13.00
12.90
11.90
13.90
12.38
11.47
14.10
12.28
13.30
14.09
10.57
12.80
16.02
13.10
11.43
8.99
11.68
11.11
13.97
15.13
13.00
15.12
17.31
10.64
13.88
15.06
14.13

13.26
13.11
12.17
13.96
12.53
11.58
14.35
12.64
14.02
13.91
11.19
12.75
17.16
13.29
11.84
9.28
12.16
11.75
14.42
15.63
13.40
15.36
17.71
10.78
13.71
15.13
13.84

13.15
13.20
12.11
14.17
12.50
11.64
14.21
12.62
14.06
13.51
11.11
12.61
17.17
13.13
11.73
9.12
12.18
11.77
14.25
15.22
13.28
14.70
17.76
10.76
13.54
15.22
13.43

540.93
529.15
503.71
553.38
510.04
475.18
565.15
507.17
539.20
606.11
448.59
539.33
689.08
533.41
482.22
359.72
490.03
456.87
594.92
664.99
536.68
601.50
716.12
431.14
586.39
663.15
595.24

555.10
548.25
516.46
578.24
526.15
482.89
596.43
504.71
530.67
581.92
445.00
540.16
679.25
548.89
488.06
354.21
508.08
464.40
609.09
689.93
555.10
619.92
752.99
451.14
599.62
656.62
610.42

543.66
524.40
505.06
540.25
511.22
478.25
571.13
499.28
576.22
541.10
455.43
516.38
674.39
538.25
481.89
351.71
496.13
466.48
617.18
704.91
548.06
651.26
752.68
427.97
570.34
665.72
572.98

545.73
531.96
501.35
556.88
516.25
484.22
576.93
507.32
597.55
528.24
446.62
528.36
703.97
551.46
497.35
362.06
495.73
479.04
611.33
674.25
547.14
621.81
745.92
442.24
579.51
672.72
581.52

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691

3694

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

107

13.30

561.26

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

379
3792

44.5
45.0
45.7
41.6
45.3
41.7
44.9
44.7
44.9
45.3
42.1
43.5
39.9
44.3
42.9
42.9
40.9
40.2

44.5
44.8
44.1
44.2
45.7
42.1
45.6
45.2
45.5
46.1
41.7
43.2
39.6
45.2
42.6
41.8
40.9
39.6

43.3
43.8
43.4
42.5
44.6
41.3
43.7
44.4
43.8
42.9
40.9
42.1
39.2
41.3
41.7
41.2
39.0
37.4

44.1
44.5
44.3
43.2
45.0
41.8
44.5
44.9
44.7
43.8
43.1
44.6
40.9
43.2
41.8
41.1
41.0
40.0

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

41.9
43.8
41.6
39.8
42.1
41.6
41.7
41.7
41.0
40.8
42.8
41.7

42.6
44.0
42.7
41.9
42.9
42.7
42.3
42.2
41.7
41.6
42.7
39.7

40.6
41.3
40.8
40.7
40.0
41.1
40.1
39.9
39.8
39.3
42.4
40.7

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

40.8
41.9
41.9
40.9
39.9
40.2
39.7
39.8
40.0
39.9
41.4
42.4

41.2
42.1
42.1
41.7
40.8
40.6
40.9
40.8
39.7
38.8
41.5
42.7

41.1
41.8
41.4
43.3
43.2
39.7
41.9
41.4
42.6
41.6
44.7
41.5
40.1
45.6
45.7
44.4

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and pan's .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713

3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373

3731
3732
374
376
3761

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204

2041
2048

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

44.3
44.8

6.7
7.2
7.7
5.0
7.5
3.6
7.1
7.1
6.7
7.4
4.2
5.1
2.8
4.5
4.3
4.1
3.5
2.3

6.7
7.0
6.7
6.6
7.7
3.7
7.6
7.3
8.0
7.8
4.6
5.7
2.9
5.3
4.4
3.8
3.6
2.5

5.3
5.7
5.5
3.8
6.4
3.5
5.6
5.7
5.9
5.4
3.9
4.5
3.1
3.9
3.0
2.7
2.1
1.0

5.4
5.4
5.2
4.3
5.9
3.3
6.1
6.1
6.2
5.9
5.3
6.5
3.5
4.6
3.7
3.3
3.2
2.4

41.1
42.0
41.0
40.2
40.6
41.7
40.8
40.7
40.6
40.2
42.1
41.3

41.5

3.9
4.2
3.5
2.8
3.3
3.2
3.7
3.7
3.6
2.8
7.1
3.2

4.2
4.6
4.0
4.1
3.9
3.4
4.0
3.6
4.0
2.7
6.4
2.2

3.1
2.9
3.1
4.8
2.5
1.6
3.1
3.1
3.5
1.9
4.1
1.8

3.1
3.6
3.1
4.3
2.8
2.2
3.0
3.0
3.5
2.4
3.8
2.3

39.3
38.8
37.7
41.1
39.0
39.6
38.7
38.1
38.0
36.8
39.8
40.5

40.2
39.8
39.0
41.6
39.5
39.3
39.7
38.4
39.5
39.6
41.0
41.5

40.2

3.7
4.1
4.2
3.0
2.5
2.9
2.3
3.6
4.1
4.9
4.5
5.2

3.8
4.2
4.2
3.2
2.8
3.1
2.7
3.5
3.4
3.2
4.4
4.6

2.8
3.1
3.0
3.2
1.7
2.3
1.5
2.8
1.7
1.1
3.4
4.1

3.3
3.9
4.0
2.6
2.1
2.0
2.2
3.1
3.5
4.2
3.9
4.5

41.5

41.0

41.1

41.4

4.6

4.7

4.7

4.5

42.2
41.8
44.6
43.4
39.7
42.6
41.9
43.6
41.7
45.2
41.5
40.8
46.0
48.6
43.5

42.5
41.7
43.9
41.9
40.4
43.8
43.4
44.3
43.7
44.4
45.6
43.0
46.4
47.5
44.6

42.0
41.5
44.3
41.8
39.7
41.9
42.0
41.9
42.0
45.9
39.9
41.5
46.6
47.0
45.2

42.5

5.5
5.1
6.0
6.3
4.1
4.8
4.5
5.2
5.7
8.5
6.5
4.3
7.8
7.6
6.7

5.5
5.3
6.6
6.9
4.0
5.2
4.8
5.7
5.3
8.2
5.2
4.4
7.7
9.3
6.3

6.1
4.9
5.7
5.9
4.2
6.3
5.2
7.0
8.5
10.5
11.2
7.8
8.9
9.8
7.3

5.6
5.0
6.6
5.7
3.9
5.0
4.8
4.9
6.2
11.1
5.3
5.9
8.2
8.5
7.3

See footnotes at end of table.




108

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

4.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

$17.94
18.53
22.26
15.98
17.07
11.09
19.10
(2)
19.27
16.76
13.14
14.43
11.08
16.96
19.76
(2)
11.64
11.57

$17.53
17.85
21.66
15.10
16.44
11.48
19.21
(2)
19.05
16.74
13.30
14.41
11.63
16.90
19.92
(2)
11.87
11.84

$17.49
17.70
21.25
14.94
16.40
11.59
19.39
(2)
19.21
16.89
13.54
14.78
11.63
16.86
20.22
(2)
11.95
11.97

$17.57
17.78

$795.66
831.15
1,020.02
637.73
765.57
474.96
854.45

$798.33
830.14
981.67
706.32
780.10
466.89
870.96

$759.05
781.83
940.04
641.75
733.22
474.12
839.48

$771.31
787.65
941.38
645.41
738.00
484.46
862.86

$778.35
796.54

842.32
759.68
553.62
629.45
439.70
747.78
842.13

876.79
772.64
547.94
623.38
438.77
766.59
841.78

834.39
718.15
543.97
606.66
455.90
697.97
830.66

858.69
739.78
583.57
659.19
475.67
728.35
845.20

3761
379
3792

$17.88
18.47
22.32
15.33
16.90
11.39
19.03
(2)
18.76
16.77
13.15
14.47
11.02
16.88
19.63
(2)
11.60
11.52

474.44
463.10

476.08
458.17

462.93
442.82

489.95
478.80

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

13.59
16.94
13.67
11.62
13.42
15.65
12.65
12.01
11.73
10.11
15.91
9.92

13.66
17.04
13.76
11.75
13.46
16.04
12.72
11.99
11.89
10.17
15.86
10.02

13.84
17.33
14.02
12.14
14.10
16.22
12.80
12.01
12.03
10.12
16.58
10.26

13.81
17.37
13.99
12.10
14.13
15.97
12.75
11.84
12.12
10.26
16.49
10.40

13.87

569.42
741.97
568.67
462.48
564.98
651.04
527.51
500.82
480.93
412.49
680.95
413.66

581.92
749.76
587.55
492.33
577.43
684.91
538.06
505.98
495.81
423.07
677.22
397.79

561.90
715.73
572.02
494.10
564.00
666.64
513.28
479.20
478.79
397.72
702.99
417.58

567.59
729.54
573.59
486.42
573.68
665.95
520.20
481.89
492.07
412.45
694.23
429.52

575.61

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Cosiume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

10.64

10.96
11.56
11.67
11.01
10.57
10.33
10.68
11.22
9.63
8.68
11.13
11.85

11.01
11.61
11.72
11.25
10.58
10.35
10.69
11.46
9.57
8.58
11.16
11.96

11.00

434.11
462.16
467.60
435.99
398.20
379.09
407.32
444.17
378.40
341.94
455.81
496.93

441.25
469.42
474.47
446.19
414.53
389.76
426.59
452.47
379.53
337.17
457.75
499.16

430.73
448.53
439.96
452.51
412.23
409.07
413.32
427.48
365.94
319.42
442.97
479.93

442.60
462.08
457.08
468.00
417.91
406.76
424.39
440.06
378.02
339.77
457.56
496.34

442.20

11.16
9.46
8.57
11.01
11.72

10.71
11.15
11.27
10.70
10.16
9.60
10.43
11.09
9.56
8.69
11.03
11.69

12.39

12.48

12.91

12.83

12.89

509.23

517.92

529.31

527.31

533.65

11.45
9.43
10.06
10.71
8.54
13.32
12.08
14.07
10.81
14.06
11.20
10.18
14.56
12.89
11.46

11.60
9.45
10.08
10.84
8.51
13.40
12.17
14.11
11.09
14.87
11.72
10.34
14.62
13.11
11.61

11.95
9.83
10.50
11.16
8.90
13.98
12.79
14.59
11.47
14.88
12.11
10.63
15.10
13.49
11.75

11.82
9.75
10.52
10.92
8.81
13.70
12.55
14.25
11.31
15.37
11.93
10.47
14.88
13.18
11.70

11.94

478.61
390.40
435.60
462.67
339.04
558.11
500.11
599.38
449.70
628.48
464.80
408.22
663.94
589.07
508.82

489.52
395.01
449.57
470.46
337.85
570.84
509.92
615.20
462.45
672.12
486.38
421.87
672.52
637.15
505.04

507.88
409.91
460.95
467.60
359.56
612.32
555.09
646.34
501.24
660.67
552.22
457.09
700.64
640.78
524.05

496.44
404.63
466.04
456.46
349.76
574.03
527.10
597.08
475.02
705.48
476.01
434.51
693.41
619.46
528.84

507.45

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713

3714
3715
372

3721
3724
3728
373

3731
3732
374
376

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

20
201
2011

2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204

2041
2048

11.03
11.16
10.66
9.98
9.43

10.26

See footnotes at end of table.




109

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Average weekly hours
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

205
2051

40.6
40.0

41.3
41.0

40.9
40.3

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

41.7
41.4
47.7
49.1
40.7
40.4
42.7
43.0
45.7
41.9
41.5

42.0
42.8
63.3
53.9
40.4
40.8
44.0
43.2
49.2
40.8
40.3

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

39.6
38.4

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

40.7
40.9

4.9
4.9

5.2
5.2

5.6
5.3

4.9
4.9

41.9
40.9
46.6
52.4
42.2
39.7
44.3
44.5
46.9
44.9
40.0

40.3
42.4
52.0
50.8
42.1
41.0
43.1
44.3
47.2
43.4
39.8

4.9
5.1
9.7
12.1
5.7
4.1
6.7
5.2
7.3
4.5
6.0

5.1
5.8
18.7
15.9
4.2
4.4
7.3
5.0
9.3
3.6
5.0

6.0
4.7
7.3
12.0
6.6
3.9
6.5
6.0
8.5
5.4
5.3

4.9
5.7
13.1
10.7
6.6
4.5
6.6
6.0
7.8
5.2
5.1

39.5
37.9

37.4
37.7

39.1
37.7

38.5

3.2
3.2

2.8
2.4

1.9
2.2

2.6
3.0

41.4
42.2
42.3
39.8
39.8
40.3
38.7
38.0
41.3
39.6
40.7
42.1
42.4
42.5
41.4
41.7
42.4
39.0
42.7

41.9
42.3
42.8
40.5
40.8
40.5
39.9
38.8
41.0
41.3
39.4
42.9
43.4
43.4
43.1
42.1
42.8
39.3
42.4

40.5
42.4
41.4
37.3
40.4
39.7
38.4
36.3
42.7
37.9
39.1
40.4
40.8
41.2
40.6
39.9
40.6
36.9
41.4

41.1
42.4
41.9
37.8
40.6
39.7
39.6
37.5
40.8
38.4
38.9
41.9
43.5
42.0
42.6
40.7
41.4
37.1
41.7

41.3

4.7
6.0
5.7
4.1
2.6
3.6
2.4
2.7
3.8
3.2
4.7
5.3
5.4
5.1
5.0
4.7
5.1
3.4
4.9

4.8
5.5
5.8
4.6
3.2
3.6
2.8
3.2
3.5
2.7
4.4
5.6
5.8
5.8
6.0
4.9
5.3
3.3
4.9

4.5
6.6
5.3
2.3
3.1
3.5
3.2
2.5
4.4
0.9
3.6
4.3
4.9
3.8
4.8
4.4
4.6
3.6
5.0

4.5
5.8
5.2
2.9
3.1
3.4
3.1
2.4
3.6
1.6
3.8
5.3
6.4
4.6
5.4
4.2
4.4
2.9
4.9

37.6
37.6
37.3
36.9
36.7
38.2
35.9
35.0
37.5
36.8
35.6
37.3
38.2
34.8
37.5
38.5
38.8
39.6
36.4
40.4
39.9

36.7
36.4
36.0
34.9
35.0
35.3
35.4
34.0
34.8
36.3
35.6
35.9
35.7
36.4
36.2
39.0
35.4
39.0
34.1
40.9
40.2

37.6
37.0
36.5
35.0
34.9
37.2
36.9
35.2
36.4
38.3
37.0
37.6
37.6
37.8
37.1
38.1
36.4
39.5
35.1
40.8
40.6

37.7

239
2391
2392
2396

37.6
37.9
37.0
35.9
35.8
38.1
36.1
36.2
37.2
37.8
35.6
37.6
37.9
36.8
37.1
37.3
38.5
39.6
36.6
40.1
40.2

2.3
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.7
1.6
1.9
2.3
1.8
1.4
2.4
2.6
1.8
2.8
2.7
1.9
3.8
1.0
4.1
4.3

2.3
1.4
1.7
2.1
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.3
1.9
1.8
1.7
2.3
2.3
2.2
3.2
4.0
2.0
3.7
1.5
4.1
3.8

2.0
0.6
1.4
1.3
1.0
1.8
1.3
1.5
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.1
2.7
3.0
3.6
0.8
3.5
1.0
4.6
3.7

2.1
1.0
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.9
1.6
1.9
2.0
1.8
1.4
2.1
1.9
2.7
3.2
3.9
1.2
3.6
1.4
4.4
3.5

26
262
263

43.8
45.3
44.5

44.4
45.3
44.6

44.1
47.0
46.0

43.7
45.1
44.1

44.0

6.0
6.8
7.7

6.2
6.6
7.3

6.4
8.4
8.8

5.8
6.9
7.6

2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337

2339
234
2341
2342
236

2361
238
,
,

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

110

Nov.
1998P

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.

$12.75
12.73

$503.03
506.40

$515.42
518.65

$530.88
524.30

$518.93
520.66

12.93
13.19
11.04
17.85
15.11
12.23
12.82
15.96
22.79
13.23
10.88

12.80
12.74
10.61
18.21
13.18
12.01
12.94
16.02
23.17
13.17
10.75

496.65
514.19
528.52
896.08
500.61
469.04
539.30
684.56
1,005.40
564.39
424.55

511.98
538.00
736.81
990.68
519.54
477.77
563.20
706.75
1,128.16
545.50
419.93

541.77
539.47
514.46
935.34
637.64
485.53
567.93
710.22
1,068.85
594.03
435.20

515.84
540.18
551.72
925.07
554.88
492.41
557.71
709.69
1,093.62
571.58
427.85

17.88
24.66

18.03
24.20

17.08
24.01

$17.49

714.78
958.85

706.26
934.61

674.32
912.34

667.83
905.18

$673.37

10.11
10.60
11.07
10.56

10.16

10.48
11.15
11.33
10.76

10.44

10.50

9.57
9.58
8.95
9.65
8.88

9.61
9.50
8.99
9.50
8.81
9.64
10.32

425.70
447.96
475.08
431.73
377.81
372.60
342.34
357.35
352.19
386.16
395.18
448.31
450.93
475.23
440.05
415.95
424.15
391.43
497.35

424.44
472.76
469.06
401.35
386.63
380.33
343.68
350.30
379.18
381.27
405.08
433.09
435.74
457.32
415.74
405.38
414.12
368.26
496.39

429.08
468.10
472.63
405.22
390.17
377.15
356.00
356.25
359.45
370.18
401.45
449.59
463.28
468.72
437.50
411.48
421.04
368.40
499.15

433.65

9.14
9.12
8.56
9.10
8.45
9.60
9.78
10.42

418.55
447.32
468.26
420.29
363.77
367.54
331.27
345.80
348.99
380.16
398.05
438.68
435.45
467.50
420.21
410.75
418.91
388.83
495.32

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

$12.39
12.66

$12.48
12.65

$12.98
13.01

2082
2086
209

11.91
12.42
11.08
18.25
12.30
11.61
12.63
15.92
22.00
13.47
10.23

12.19
12.57
11.64
18.38
12.86
11.71
12.80
16.36
22.93
13.37
10.42

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

18.05
24.97

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

205
2051

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208

10.59

11.10
10.66

2281
2282

11.00
10.15
9.85
9.88
9.97

229

11.60

9.26
9.20
8.58
9.21
8.59
9.35
10.03
10.45
10.39
10.95
10.21
9.88
9.91
9.96
11.73

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234

2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

8.32
8.46
7.78
7.67
7.89
7.68
8.04
7.09
9.12
8.04
7.91
7.92
7.75
8.42
7.66
7.34
7.92
9.24
8.32
8.89
10.90

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills

26
262
263

15.17
19.37
19.02

See footnotes at end of table.




2261
2262
227
228

2341
2342
236

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

10.27

10.06
10.36
10.72
10.68
11.10
10.24
10.16

Nov.
1998P

11.04
11.28

10.72

10.73
10.65

11.16

Nov.
1998P

9.98
11.99

10.27
10.11
10.17
9.93
11.97

8.32
8.56
7.85
7.70
8.03
7.74
7.98
7.15
9.01
7.86
7.86
8.00
7.76
8.78
7.75
7.40
7.98
9.20
8.25
8.91
10.87

8.62
8.69
7.96
7.89
8.16
7.64
8.33
7.42
9.56
8.20
8.18
8.19
7.91
8.93
8.28
8.06
8.23
9.51
8.19
9.14
11.22

8.65
8.88
8.02
7.88
8.28
7.76
8.31
7.41
9.53
8.33
8.14
8.03
7.96
8.23
8.30
8.28
8.28
9.56
8.29
9.21
11.08

8.65

312.83
320.63
287.86
275.35
282.46
292.61
290.24
256.66
339.26
303.91
281.60
297.79
293.73
309.86
284.19
273.78
304.92
365.90
304.51
356.49
438.18

312.83
321.86
292.81
284.13
294.70
295.67
286.48
250.25
337.88
289.25
279.82
298.40
296.43
305.54
290.63
284.90
309.62
364.32
300.30
359.96
433.71

316.35
316.32
286.56
275.36
285.60
269.69
294.88
252.28
332.69
297.66
291.21
294.02
282.39
325.05
299.74
314.34
291.34
370.89
279.28
373.83
451.04

325.24
328.56
292.73
275.80
288.97
288.67
306.64
260.83
346.89
319.04
301.18
301.93
299.30
311.09
307.93
315.47
301.39
377.62
290.98
375.77
449.85

326.11

15.22
19.44
19.04

15.83
20.29
20.03

15.58
20.00
19.90

15.63

664.45
877.46
846.39

675.77
880.63
849.18

698.10
953.63
921.38

680.85
902.00
877.59

687.72

10.20

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Average weekly hours
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

43.8
44.3
42.4
44.2
42.5
42.7
42.3
41.9

44.6
45.2
43.1
44.3
43.3
44.2
43.3
42.7

42.7
43.7
41.2
41.3
42.9
43.0
44.2
42.0

43.5
44.1
42.2
43.1
42.8
41.9
43.0
42.0

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752

38.9
33.2
37.5
40.6
37.6
43.9
36.4
40.6
40.4
40.6
42.4
39.9
39.5

39.3
33.8
38.0
40.2
38.7
42.0
36.7
41.0
40.8
40.9
43.7
39.8
40.2

38.5
33.9
35.9
40.1
36.6
43.6
36.5
40.1
40.5
39.6
41.3
39.4
39.2

38.4
33.0
36.4
39.3
37.0
41.5
36.6
40.1
40.1
40.3
41.7
39.7
39.7

2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

43.3
47.3
46.6
43.5
44.2
42.8
41.5
41.7
41.4
42.1
41.4
41.0
43.3
44.4
42.4
44.8
45.9
43.4

43.7
47.3
46.8
44.0
44.8
43.4
42.0
42.2
42.0
43.8
41.9
41.2
42.7
44.9
43.4
45.2
44.9
44.3

43.4
45.0
45.1
43.9
44.0
43.4
42.5
43.0
41.0
44.9
39.9
39.7
41.3
45.4
45.7
45.3
46.6
43.7

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

43.3
42.9
44.9

43.4
44.1
41.5

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

41.9
43.9
43.6
42.5
43.1
42.7
41.6

31

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

2759
276
278
279

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities

,

28
281
2819
282

2821
2824
283
2834
284

2841

311
314
3143
3144
316

317

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

6.0
6.4
4.5
6.4
5.2
4.3
5.0
4.4

6.4
7.0
4.7
6.3
5.5
4.7
5.5
4.7

5.8
6.4
4.7
5.1
5.2
3.3
5.8
4.7

5.7
6.2
4.8
5.6
4.8
3.6
5.0
4.3

38.6

3.7
1.5
2.9
3.9
2.3
5.7
2.9
4.6
4.4
4.5
4.5
3.3
4.3

3.8
1.8
3.1
4.1
2.6
5.9
2.9
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.8
3.0
4.8

3.6
1.8
2.7
4.1
2.4
5.9
3.0
4.3
4.5
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.6

3.5
1.6
2.8
4.1
2.3
5.8
3.4
4.2
4.1
4.2
4.1
3.2
3.7

43.2
44.1
44.2
42.5
43.2
41.5
43.1
43.4
41.3
44.6
41.2
39.8
42.2
45.1
45.9
45.0
45.8
43.5

43.4

5.3
6.5
6.5
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.0
4.9
3.6
4.1
3.5
3.5
5.0
6.2
4.4
6.5
7.0
5.3

5.5
6.5
6.3
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.7
5.4
3.9
5.0
3.5
3.5
4.5
6.3
4.6
6.6
6.7
5.6

5.4
6.3
6.7
5.2
5.3
4.3
5.1
4.8
4.2
6.3
4.0
3.4
3.8
6.9
5.7
7.2
7.3
5.1

5.2
5.9
5.9
4.9
5.0
4.2
4.6
4.2
4.3
6.2
3.9
3.6
4.1
6.6
5.6
6.9
7.5
4.5

43.2
42.3
45.2

43.9
43.1
46.1

44.4

6.7
5.8
9.6

6.0
5.7
6.9

6.8
5.9
9.6

7.4
6.5
10.3

42.5
44.6
41.6
43.0
44.2
43.7
42.1

41.4
43.2
38.4
42.6
44.6
41.5
41.1

41.8
42.8
40.5
42.9
45.4
42.3
41.6

42.1

4.7
6.5
4.4
4.9
5.4
4.7
4.5

4.9
6.7
3.3
5.2
5.7
5.4
4.6

4.4
5.9
5.3
4.1
5.3
4.3
4.2

4.4
5.5
5.5
4.2
5.5
4.5
4.4

38.6
40.5
37.9
38.8
36.4
38.5
40.4

38.5
42.1
36.5
35.8
38.2
40.3
41.1

37.2
37.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
37.7
40.4

37.6
39.6
36.8
36.5
36.8
36.8
38.8

37.8

2.5
4.5
1.9
2.6
0.5
2.6
3.7

2.4
4.5
1.5
1.6
1.0
3.2
3.2

2.2
3.4
2.0
2.4
1.5
1.6
2.2

2.5
4.0
2.1
2.3
1.9
2.1
2.4

32.8

33.0

32.7

32.8

33.1

39.8

40.4

39.3

39.4

39.7

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

[12

Nov.
1998P

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1987
SIC
Code

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

$565.02
571.91
548.23
603.77
561.00
659.29
497.87
501.96

$577.57
586.24
553.84
609.57
576.76
681.12
521.33
514.54

$565.35
578.15
543.84
580.27
587.73
665.21
551.17
531.30

$572.03
580.36
555.77
597.80
581.65
659.09
522.02
525.84

$13.56

513.09
430.27
549.38
500.19
437.29
569.82
472.11
546.48
551.86
520.49
593.60
410.17
653.33

520.33
439.74
562.78
502.50
461.30
550.62
470.86
553.09
557.33
528.43
625.78
411.53
656.47

525.14
454.94
544.24
524.11
449.45
599.06
471.95
558.59
573.48
522.32
599.68
418.82
659.74

523.01
438.24
540.54
514.83
454.73
572.29
481.66
557.39
567.82
530.35
610.07
425.58
668.15

$523.42

17.23
18.90
19.48
17.96
20.14
15.00
17.17
16.90
14.07
17.45
13.48
12.62
14.50
20.79
20.57
20.98
17.41
15.47

17.30

720.95
891.61
893.32
766.04
869.86
639.00
680.60
675.54
540.68
704.33
535.72
472.73
611.83
887.11
841.22
901.38
781.22
655.77

736.35
894.44
894.82
782.32
892.42
656.21
701.82
696.30
564.90
759.49
542.61
489.87
605.49
904.29
869.30
916.66
765.55
672.03

751.25
855.00
889.37
792.40
888.36
654.47
737.38
738.31
574.82
813.59
537.05
483.94
593.07
945.68
943.71
951.75
820.16
674.73

744.34
833.49
861.02
763.30
870.05
622.50
740.03
733.46
581.09
778.27
555.38
502.28
611.90
937.63
944.16
944.10
797.38
672.95

750.82

878.56
970.83
707.18

884.93
997.54
637.44

898.56
993.63
722.75

922.34

929.74

1,022.33

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

$12.90
12.91
12.93
13.66
13.20
15.44
11.77
11.98

$12.95
12.97
12.85
13.76
13.32
15.41
12.04
12.05

$13.24
13.23
13.20
14.05
13.70
15.47
12.47
12.65

$13.15
13.16
13.17
13.87
13.59
15.73
12.14
12.52

27
271
272
273

13.19
12.96
14.65
12.32
11.63
12.98
12.97
13.46
13.66
12.82
14.00
10.28
16.54

13.24
13.01
14.81
12.50
11.92
13.11
12.83
13.49
13.66
12.92
14.32
10.34
16.33

13.64
13.42
15.16
13.07
12.28
13.74
12.93
13.93
14.16
13.19
14.52
10.63
16.83

13.62
13.28
14.85
13.10
12.29
13.79
13.16
13.90
14.16
13.16
14.63
10.72
16.83

16.65
18.85
19.17
17.61
19.68
14.93
16.40
16.20
13.06
16.73
12.94
11.53
14.13
19.98
19.84
20.12
17.02
15.11

16.85
18.91
19.12
17.78
19.92
15.12
16.71
16.50
13.45
17.34
12.95
11.89
14.18
20.14
20.03
20.28
17.05
15.17

17.31
19.00
19.72
18.05
20.19
15.08
17.35
17.17
14.02
18.12
13.46
12.19
14.36
20.83
20.65
21.01
17.60
15.44

2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
, 282
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
, 284
2841
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations . 2842,3
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
2869
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Nov.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

20.29
22.63
15.75

20.39
22.62
15.36

20.80
23.49
15.99

21.01
23.72
16.03

20.94

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306

11.63
18.71
9.73
11.67
11.79
11.36
10.95

11.64
18.61
9.90
11.66
11.79
11.39
10.97

11.98
18.67
9.85
11.84
11.86
11.70
11.32

11.90
18.61
10.09
11.74
11.66
11.70
11.28

11.98

487.30
821.37
424.23
495.98
508.15
485.07
455.52

494.70
830.01
411.84
501.38
521.12
497.74
461.84

495.97
806.54
378.24
504.38
528.96
485.55
465.25

497.42
796.51
408.65
503.65
529.36
494.91
469.25

504.36

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314

9.16
11.76
8.83
9.51
7.69
8.97
8.06

9.14
12.05
8.61
9.13
7.59
8.84
8.29

9.37
12.08
9.01
9.81
7.78
9.30
8.14

9.44
12.36
9.03
9.79
7.84
9.16
8.29

9.42

353.58
476.28
334.66
368.99
279.92
345.35
325.62

351.89
507.31
314.27
326.85
289.94
356.25
340.72

348.56
454.21
329.77
359.05
283.97
350.61
328.86

354.94
489.46
332.30
357.34
288.51
337.09
321.65

356.08

11.88

12.00

12.37

12.40

12.50

389.66

396.00

404.50

406.72

413.75

15.09

15.19

15.46

15.38

15.48

600.58

613.68

607.58

605.97

614.56

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities

308

3143
3144
316
317

See footnotes at end of table.




113

738.98

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

4011

49.6

51.7

46.0

45.9

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

34.5
38.3
38.9

34.3
38.8
38.7

34.4
39.3
37.6

34.3
38.2
39.7

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

40.5
40.4
41.2

40.4
40.3
41.5

40.1
40.1
40.0

40.7
40.6
41.6

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

38.5

39.1

36.7

37.6

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

43.3

45.0

44.2

45.3

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

37.2
36.8
36.9
37.0

37.9
38.0
38.3
37.1

38.2
38.8
39.6
37.4

38.5
38.7
39.5
37.8

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

39.9
41.4
41.9
35.2
39.2

40.6
42.1
42.3
36.0
39.9

41.0
43.0
43.7
35.5
39.2

40.7
42.4
43.0
35.3
39.8

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

42.2
41.7
43.1
42.9
42.0

42.7
42.1
44.1
43.2
42.5

42.7
42.1
42.6
43.8
43.6

42.6
41.9
43.4
42.4
44.1

38.4

38.7

38.1

38.3

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

39.1
37.8
37.8
40.5
39.7
39.7
41.6
39.0
39.1
39.4
37.8

39.5
38.0
37.9
39.9
40.4
40.1
42.0
39.6
39.5
39.7
38.0

38.6
37.2
37.1
39.6
39.4
38.9
40.3
38.9
38.3
39.2
36.7

38.9
37.3
37.1
40.5
39.4
39.0
41.2
39.3
38.8
39.4
36.6

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51

37.4
36.3
35.5
37.7
38.4
37.8
40.1
37.7
37.4
36.2

37.7
37.1
36.6
38.3
38.6
35.4
40.1
38.1
37.8
36.2

37.4
37.1
36.4
36.6
38.7
35.2
39.8
37.6
38.1
35.7

37.6
37.1
36.4
36.9
38.6
37.9
40.0
38.0
37.5
36.0

28.8

28.8

29.1

28.9

34.7
36.1
35.7
30.9
31.2

34.4
35.9
35.9
31.0
30.2

35.0
36.7
35.0
30.6
31.5

35.2
37.0
34.7
30.3
32.0

511
512

513
514
515
516
517
518
519

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

See footnotes at end of table.




114

Average overtime hours
Nov.
1998P

38.7

28.9

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

$17.96

$899.74

$936.80

$819.26

$824.36

11.20
11.74
12.84

11.18
11.76
12.88

376.40
435.47
530.99

376.61
445.04
529.80

385.28
461.38
482.78

383.47
449.23
511.34

13.41
13.68
10.80

13.66
13.89
11.17

13.68
13.93
11.19

541.49
550.65
441.66

541.76
551.30
448.20

547.77
556.99
446.80

556.78
565.56
465.50

20.15

21.22

20.88

20.60

775.78

829.70

766.30

774.56

46

20.62

20.94

20.63

20.92

892.85

942.30

911.85

947.68

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

13.37
13.67
13.91
13.44

13.56
13.89
14.12
13.66

13.75
14.07
14.38
13.67

13.66
13.96
14.24
13.66

497.36
503.06
513.28
497.28

513.92
527.82
540.80
506.79

525.25
545.92
569.45
511.26

525.91
540.25
562.48
516.35

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

17.16
17.71
18.23
17.47
13.73

17.21
17.76
18.27
17.55
13.80

17.45
17.90
18.42
17.97
14.35

17.46
17.90
18.45
18.15
14.33

684.68
733.19
763.84
614.94
538.22

698.73
747.70
772.82
631.80
550.62

715.45
769.70
804.95
637.94
562.52

710.62
758.96
793.35
640.70
570.33

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

19.30
20.40
18.14
23.36
14.89

19.59
20.73
18.64
23.38
15.15

20.23
21.32
18.65
24.60
16.02

20.10
21.19
18.60
24.66
15.80

814.46
850.68
781.83
1,002.14
625.38

836.49
872.73
822.02
1,010.02
643.88

863.82
897.57
794.49
1,077.48
698.47

856.26
887.86
807.24
1,045.58
696.78

13.57

13.76

14.10

14.13

521.09

532.51

537.21

541.18

554.44
466.45
479.68
520.83
664.98
653.46
559.94
605.67
528.24
560.66
413.91

566.43
475.00
480.95
518.70
682.36
657.64
577.08
620.93
538.78
572.47
420.28

568.58
480.62
487.87
527.08
687.92
669.08
561.38
613.84
529.31
580.55
419.11

574.55
482.29
489.35
542.30
688.71
683.28
572.68
617.40
538.93
590.21
420.53

473.86
475.53
582.91
463.71
498.43
360.61
578.24
442.60
551.65
379.74

485.95
502.33
622.93
471.86
506.05
344.80
591.07
454.53
567.00
381.91

492.93
506.04
642.46
462.62
517.42
348.13
606.55
450.07
585.22
388.42

495.94
515.32
637.00
481.18
512.61
379.00
608.00
456.76
573.75
394.20

243.94

245.09

258.99

255.77

347.00
374.36
380.21
259.56
284.23

346.06
374.80
387.72
257.61
275.42

368.55
402.23
381.50
266.22
297.99

370.66
406.63
374.76
262.40
302.08

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

4011

$18.14

$18.12

$17.81

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

10.91
11.37
13.65

10.98
11.47
13.69

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

13.37
13.63
10.72

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

Pipelines, except natural gas

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

14.18
12.34
12.69
12.86
16.75
16.46
13.46
15.53
13.51
14.23
10.95

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519

12.67
13.10
16.42
12.30
12.98
9.54
14.42
11.74
14.75
10.49

12.89
13.54
17.02
12.32
13.11
9.74
14.74
11.93
15.00
10.55

13.18
13.64
17.65
12.64
13.37
9.89
15.24
11.97
15.36
10.88

13.19
13.89
17.50
13.04
13.28
10.00
15.20
12.02
15.30
10.95

8.47

8.51

8.90

8.85

10.00
10.37
10.65
8.40
9.11

10.06
10.44
10.80
8.31
9.12

10.53
10.96
10.90
8.70
9.46

10.53
10.99
10.80
8.66
9.44

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

14.34
12.50
12.69
13.00
16.89
16.40
13.74
15.68
13.64
14.42
11.06

14.73
12.92
13.15
13.31
17.46
17.20
13.93
15.78
13.82
14.81
11.42

14.77
12.93
13.19
13.39
17.48
17.52
13.90
15.71
13.89
14.98
11.49

See footnotes at end of table.




I15

Nov.
1998P

$14.25

8.87

Nov.
1998P

$551.48

256.34

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

53
531
533
539

29.7
29.8
27.3
30.3

29.8
29.8
27.7
30.0

30.3
30.4
28.1
30.4

29.5
29.5
27.7
30.1

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

29.5
29.6
29.0

29.7
29.8
28.9

30.9
31.2
28.6

29.7
29.8
29.0

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

35.4
36.8
37.9
31.9
35.3

35.6
37.0
38.2
31.9
35.1

35.2
36.5
37.4
32.0
35.1

35.5
37.0
37.9
31.9
35.4

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

26.7
28.9
25.2
27.4
25.9

26.6
28.9
24.9
27.4
26.0

26.9
28.3
24.5
27.8
26.7

26.5
28.6
24.1
27.3
26.4

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

32.9
32.8
34.5
32.7
32.8
25.6

33.2
33.1
34.8
33.0
33.1
25.0

33.1
32.9
34.1
33.1
32.7
26.5

32.9
32.9
34.4
32.6
32.1
25.9

Eating and drinking places4

58

25.2

25.1

25.3

25.4

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

29.2
28.5
30.7
27.3
32.5
37.8
30.1
32.9
30.1

29.3
28.7
30.8
27.2
33.0
39.0
30.0
33.0
30.2

29.4
28.6
30.1
28.0
32.4
36.7
30.3
33.3
30.6

29.4
28.5
30.5
27.5
32.5
37.6
30.6
34.2
30.8

35.9

36.7

35.9

36.0

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

34.8
34.5
34.9
34.2
35.7

36.1
36.0
36.1
35.8
36.3

35.2
35.1
34.9
35.2
35.5

35.2
35.1
35.1
35.0
35.5

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

37.6
38.5

38.6
39.4

38.3
38.7

38.2
38.5

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

37.8

38.9

37.9

38.3

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

38.5
37.7
38.8
39.1
39.1

39.1
38.4
39.0
39.3
39.9

38.4
38.4
38.3
38.8
38.5

38.6
38.5
38.6
39.1
38.9

32.6

32.8

32.3

32.6

34.8

33.5

34.5

35.6

Services
Agricultural services

07

See footnotes at end of table.




116

Average overtime hours
Nov.
1998P

36.8

32.9

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

$8.61
8.66
7.79
8.39

$246.51
248.83
205.84
247.55

$246.45
247.64
208.86
243.90

$264.52
267.22
220.02
258.40

$254.00
255.47
215.78
252.54

9.42
9.53
8.30

9.17
9.26
8.29

259.01
263.14
223.30

261.36
265.82
221.09

291.08
297.34
237.38

272.35
275.95
240.41

12.57

11.67
14.66
9.72
7.63
12.46

12.21
15.44
10.04
7.88
13.46

12.17
15.24
10.15
7.95
13.06

406.39
528.82
364.22
242.44
443.72

415.45
542.42
371.30
243.40
437.35

429.79
563.56
375.50
252.16
472.45

432.04
563.88
384.69
253.61
462.32

56
561
562
565
566

8.19
9.89
8.13
7.86
8.10

8.20
9.97
8.10
7.93
8.07

8.54
10.36
8.48
8.33
8.24

8.57
10.22
8.49
8.39
8.26

218.67
285.82
204.88
215.36
209.79

218.12
288.13
201.69
217.28
209.82

229.73
293.19
207.76
231.57
220.01

227.11
292.29
204.61
229.05
218.06

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573

11.44
10.75
10.68
12.39
11.12
7.18

11.57
10.97
11.04
12.36
11.21
7.07

12.06
11.49
11.51
12.82
11.90
7.14

11.95
11.34
11.15
12.79
11.66
7.28

376.38
352.60
368.46
405.15
364.74
183.81

384.12
363.11
384.19
407.88
371.05
176.75

399.19
378.02
392.49
424.34
389.13
189.21

393.16
373.09
383.56
416.95
374.29
188.55

Eating and drinking places4

58

6.22

6.21

6.43

6.45

156.74

155.87

162.68

163.83

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995

9.17
9.85
7.64
8.46
9.58
12.51
9.24
11.03
9.59

9.16
9.83
7.72
8.43
9.53
12.75
9.24
11.17
9.55

9.55
10.20
7.95

8.83
10.04
12.70

9.53
10.13
7.98
8.78
9.98
12.88
9.75
11.43

267.76
280.73
234.55
230.96
311.35
472.88
278.12
362.89
288.66

268.39
282.12
237.78
229.30
314.49
497.25
277.20
368.61
288.41

280.77
291.72
239.30
247.24
325.30
466.09
293.91
379.95
305.69

280.18
288.71
243.39
241.45
324.35
484.29
298.35
390.91
309.85

13.56

13.72

14.10

14.21

486.80

503.52

506.19

511.56

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

53
531
533
539

$8.30
8.35
7.54
8.17

$8.27
8.31
7.54
8.13

$8.73
8.79
7.83
8.50

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

8.78
8.89
7.70

8.80
8.92
7.65

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554

11.48
14.37
9.61
7.60

559

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

Finance, insurance, and real estate

5731
5735

5

Sept.
1998

9.70
11.41
9.99

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

10.06
$14.44

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

10.37
9.87
9.79
9.93
10.24

10.53
10.04
9.86
10.16
10.36

10.88
10.48
10.22
10.67
10.61

10.95
10.57
10.30
10.77
10.66

360.88
340.52
341.67
339.61
365.57

380.13
361.44
355.95
363.73
376.07

382.98
367.85
356.68
375.58
376.66

385.44
371.01
361.53
376.95
378.43

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

13.97
11.84

14.16
11.96

14.51
12.15

14.57
12.14

525.27
455.84

546.58
471.22

555.73
470.21

556.57
467.39

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

19.46

20.02

21.08

21.16

735.59

778.78

798.93

810.43

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

16.19
14.89
14.87
15.17
17.79

16.43
14.98
15.20
15.54
18.03

16.70
15.08
15.96
16.33
18.12

16.85
15.33
16.13
16.56
18.12

623.32
561.35
576.96
593.15
695.59

642.41
575.23
592.80
610.72
719.40

641.28
579.07
611.27
633.60
697.62

650.41
590.21
622.62
647.50
704.87

12.41

12.57

12.97

13.01

404.57

412.30

418.93

424.13

9.66

9.74

10.00

10.10

336.17

326.29

345.00

359.56

Services
Agricultural services

07

See footnotes at end of table.




117

13.15

Nov.
1998P

$531.39

432.64

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

074
078

28.8
37.3

29.0
35.4

28.4
36.9

28.9
38.3

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

31.2

31.2

31.7

31.6

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

34.3
27.7
27.7

34.4
28.2
27.7

33.8
27.5
26.9

34.5
28.1
27.3

73
731

33.5
36.5

33.7
37.2

32.4
36.4

33.7
36.6

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

36.7
28.4
36.0
27.7
39.3
36.9
40.7
39.4

37.5
28.5
36.9
27.7
38.8
37.0
40.3
38.8

35.9
28.2
38.3
27.2
39.0
37.2
40.3
38.9

35.7
28.4
37.7
27.5
39.3
36.6
41.3
39.2

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

32.5
38.3
38.2
38.7
38.4
38.7
33.1
34.4
35.5

32.5
39.0
38.7
39.8
38.3
38.8
33.2
34.4
35.5

29.8
38.4
38.1
39.5
38.5
39.9
32.8
34.6
36.3

32.8
38.5
38.2
39.6
39.3
40.3
33.3
34.8
36.8

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

36.2
35.8
36.0
33.5
38.4
38.3
38.0
31.6
28.7

35.9
36.2
36.4
33.6
38.2
38.4
37.7
30.6
26.4

35.7
37.1
37.0
32.8
37.6
37.6
37.3
31.0
28.5

36.0
36.6
36.4
32.5
38.1
38.3
37.9
31.4
28.9

Miscellaneous repair services

76

38.3

38.3

37.9

38.4

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

29.7
39.0
23.1

30.3
39.6
24.5

29.5
39.1
23.0

30.0
40.0
22.5

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

26.4
24.5
25.9
19.8
28.0

26.8
25.0
26.0
19.6
27.7

25.8
24.5
25.7
19.2
28.0

26.2
25.2
25.7
19.6
27.6

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

33.0
33.1
28.4
30.0
32.3
32.0
34.9

33.3
33.6
28.7
30.3
32.7
32.2
35.2

33.0
32.7
28.0
29.8
33.0
32.0
34.8

32.9
32.7
28.0
30.1
32.4
31.5
34.8

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

S e e footnotes at end of table.




II8

Average overtime hours
Nov.
1998P

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.

Oct.
1998P

074
078

$9.74
9.69

$9.74
9.81

$10.08
10.03

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

8.66

8.81

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

8.14
9.13
8.63

73
731
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1998P

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

$10.04
10.16

$280.51
361.44

$282.46
347.27

$286.27
370.11

$290.16
389.13

8.96

9.07

270.19

274.87

284.03

286.61

8.18
9.15
8.76

8.49
9.32
9.28

8.50
9.27
9.37

279.20
252.90
239.05

281.39
258.03
242.65

286.96
256.30
249.63

293.25
260.49
255.80

11.89
16.90

12.08
17.18

12.75
17.75

12.64
17.62

398.32
616.85

407.10
639.10

413.10
646.10

425.97
644.89

11.08
8.04
10.92
7.69
12.11
11.51
16.16
11.06

11.24
8.11
11.18
7.73
12.19
11.65
15.87

11.42
8.34

11.57
8.31
11.43

421.50
231.14
412.54
214.12
472.97
431.05
639.56
435.34

409.98
235.19
437.77
215.15
504.66
476.90
678.25
459.02

413.05
236.00
430.91
216.98
509.72
472.87
692.60
463.34

20.39
23.47
20.66

15.66
15.23
9.82
7.95
12.38

7.89
12.97
12.92
16.77

11.22

7.91
12.94
12.82
16.83
11.80

11.82

406.64
228.34
393.12
213.01
475.92
424.72
657.71
435.76

9.77
20.64
23.77
20.75
15.39
15.54
9.95
8.03
12.65

10.23
21.35
24.67
20.76
15.76
16.85
10.25
8.42
13.75

10.18
21.45
24.79
20.91
15.86
16.98
10.21
8.38
13.80

313.95
780.94
896.55
799.54
601.34
589.40
325.04
273.48
439.49

317.53
804.96
919.90
825.85
589.44
602.95
330.34
276.23
449.08

304.85
819.84
939.93
820.02
606.76
672.32
336.20
291.33
499.13

333.90
825.83
946.98
828.04
623.30
684.29
339.99
291.62
507.84

10.85
10.28
9.30
8.19

11.12
10.59
9.59
8.24
12.53

11.18

388.79
367.67
333.00
275.04
460.80
482.58
454.10
261.65
204.92

389.52
372.14
338.52
275.18
462.22
486.53
454.29
257.65
192.19

396.98
392.89
354.83
270.27
471.13
494.44
465.50
262.88
213.47

402.48
388.33
347.26
267.48
479.30
506.71
471.48
269.73
218.20

492.54

494.07

505.97

515.71

439.85
793.73
167.90

453.90
815.60
162.45

11.43

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

10.74
10.27

11.95
8.28
7.14

12.67
12.05
8.42
7.28

13.15
12.48
8.48
7.49

9.54
8.23
12.58
13.23
12.44
8.59
7.55

Miscellaneous repair services

76

12.86

12.90

13.35

13.43

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

14.64
19.94

14.71
20.32

14.91
20.30
7.30

15.13

6.79

20.39
7.22

434.81
777.66
154.54

445.71
804.67
166.36

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

9.49
7.47
8.84
8.46
9.19

9.85
7.45
9.06
8.59
9.35

9.73
7.68
8.94
8.81
9.41

9.88
7.56
9.04
8.90
9.60

250.54
183.02
228.96
167.51
257.32

263.98
186.25
235.56
168.36
259.00

251.03
188.16
229.76
169.15
263.48

258.86
190.51
232.33
174.44
264.96

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

13.42
13.94

13.45
14.01
13.88
12.88
9.50
8.99
15.21

13.86
14.33

13.87

442.86
461.41
390.22
382.50
306.85
287.36
530.13

447.89
470.74
398.36
390.26
310.65
289.48
535.39

457.38
468.59
399.56
391.27
327.03
303.36
544.97

456.32
471.53
399.00
398.22
320.11
297.36
543.58

9.25
8.21

12.00
12.60

13.74
12.75
9.50
8.98
15.19

12.10

See footnotes at end of table.




I 19

14.27
13.13
9.91
9.48

15.66

10.61

14.42
14.25
13.23
9.88
9.44

15.62

Nov.
1998P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

808

29.1

29.1

28.9

28.9

Legal services

81

34.7

35.6

34.5

34.7

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

31.2
31.2
31.2
30.1
31.9
32.0

31.6
31.7
31.2
30.4
32.6
32.8

31.2
31.5
30.6
29.3
32.4
32.2

31.2
31.3
30.8
29.9
32.2
32.4

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

35.0

35.7

35.0

35.3

Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

37.0
39.3
39.5
38.2
38.4
35.7
36.8
40.1
31.0
36.2
35.7
34.9
35.5
34.4

37.5
39.6
39.9
38.7
37.8
36.5
36.9
40.5
30.6
36.5
36.5
35.3
36.9
36.3

36.9
39.1
39.4
38.0
38.1
35.8
36.2
39.8
29.9
35.8
35.9
34.8
36.2
33.5

37.0
39.3
39.7
38.1
38.5
36.1
36.3
39.5
30.8
35.6
35.7
34.4
36.0
34.3

34.4

35.2

35.0

35.4

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

Services, nee

See footnotes at end of table.




120

Average overtime hours
Nov.
1998P

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

808

$11.37

$11.39

$11.59

Legal services

81

17.41

17.75

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

8.92
9.42
8.62
7.68
9.04
10.86

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862
87

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

$11.53

$330.87

$331.45

$334.95

$333.22

18.05

18.20

604.13

631.90

622.73

631.54

8.98
9.51
8.70
7.73
9.06
10.95

9.33
9.81
9.02
8.07
9.44
11.19

9.32
9.82
9.03
8.05
9.44
11.21

278.30
293.90
268.94
231.17
288.38
347.52

283.77
301.47
271.44
234.99
295.36
359.16

291.10
309.02
276.01
236.45
305.86
360.32

290.78
307.37
278.12
240.70
303.97
363.20

17.99

18.22

18.34

18.46

629.65

650.45

641.90

651.64

17.64
19.38
20.24
17.37
13.46
15.30
18.23
20.37
14.18
21.53
16.74
15.36
18.65
15.43

18.00
19.66
20.53
17.62
14.02
15.53
18.56
20.31
15.49
21.72
17.33
15.72
19.68
15.75

18.11
19.80
20.69
17.71
14.05
15.65
18.40
20.37
15.11
21.58
17.57
15.87
20.03
16.11

640.84
751.81
790.40
647.49
517.63
535.14
653.57
793.98
425.94
760.56
585.84
520.71
650.36
514.28

661.50
767.45
807.58
672.22
508.79
558.45
672.69
824.99
433.91
785.85
611.01
542.21
688.19
560.11

664.20
768.71
808.88
669.56
534.16
555.97
671.87
808.34
463.15
777.58
622.15
547.06
712.42
527.63

670.07
778.14
821.39
674.75
540.93
564.97
667.92
804.62
465.39
768.25
627.25
545.93
721.08
552.57

17.03

17.78

17.50

581.70

599.46

622.30

619.50

Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

17.32
19.13
20.01
16.95
13.48
14.99
17.76
19.80
13.74
21.01
16.41
14.92
18.32
14.95

Services, nee

89

16.91

871
8711

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction
workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
2
See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided
missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million or
more in 1993 and to Amtrak.




Average weekly earnings

4

Nov.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

Money payments only; tips, not included.
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1997
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1997 forward are subject to revision.
5

121

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to escalate
labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and
their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition
take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not
capture "lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general
wage increases" which were negotiated in aerospace
manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in
late 1983.

Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry,
BLS has calculated average hourly earnings series for SIC
3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sum payments. These
series, beginning in October 1983, the effective date of the
first aerospace bargaining agreement using lump-sum
payments, were published in the June 1988 issue of Employment
and Earnings. Current and year earlier data are presented in
table B-15a along with the average hourly earnings series
produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics
program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.

B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing
Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Sept.
1997

Oct.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Sept.
1997

Oct.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$20.78

$20.97

$21.24

$21.49

$20.70

$20.81

$21.28

$21.55

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

21.08

21.28

21.33

21.58

20.70

20.81

21.50

21.78

preliminary.




122

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime1, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

12.53

$12.60

$12.88

$12.83

$12.88

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
,
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

13.07
10.31
10.19
12.41
14.23
12.10
13.38
12.27
16.64
12.98
10.17

13.12
10.34
10.21
12.52
14.27
12.16
13.40
12.32
16.68
13.02
10.25

13.34
10.65
10.50
12.87
14.53
12.49
13.78
12.66
16.51
13.34
10.59

13.28
10.65
10.50
12.69
14.29
12.46
13.77
12.57
16.47
13.30
10.57

13.33
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

11.73
10.75
17.36
9.57
8.08
14.19
12.59
15.68
18.82
11.01
8.87

11.81
10.89
17.28
9.61
8.08
14.23
12.63
15.85
19.07
11.01
8.87

12.21
11.15
17.58
9.93
8.39
14.75
13.03
16.30
19.27
11.38
9.10

12.16
11.09
16.52
9.90
8.41
14.61
13.03
16.26
19.38
11.30
9.14

$12.22
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Industry

Manufacturing

1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1997 forward are subject to
revision.

123

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
Average hourly earnings
Industry

Average weekly earnings

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

$12.45
7.61

$12.53
7.66

$12.89
7.80

$12.92
7.80

$12.99 $432.02 $436.04 $442.13 $447.03 $450.75
264.07
266.53 267.47
269.78
(2)
(2)

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

16.23
9.92

16.41
10.03

17.16
10.38

17.14
10.34

$17.27
(2)

735.22
449.40

748.30
457.40

736.16
445.35

750.73 $761.61
453.07
(2)

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

16.33
9.98

16.28
9.95

16.76
10.14

16.85
10.17

$16.80
(2)

649.93
397.27

615.38
376.15

628.50
380.22

674.00 $648.48
406.76
(2)

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.28
8.12

13.36
8.17

13.60
8.23

13.54
8.17

$13.61
(2)

560.42
342.56

569.14
347.89

564.40
341.44

567.33 $572.98
342.38
(2)

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

15.09
9.22

15.19
9.28

15.46
9.35

15.38
9.28

$15.48
(2)

600.58
367.10

613.68
375.11

607.58
367.56

605.97 $614.56
365.70
(2)

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.57
8.29

13.76
8.41

14.10
8.53

14.13
8.53

$14.25
(2)

521.09
318.51

532.51
325.50

537.21
324.99

541.18 $551.48
326.60
(2)

Retail trade
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

8.47
5.18

8.51
5.20

8.90
5.38

8.85
5.34

$8.87
(2)

243.94
149.11

245.09
149.81

258.99
156.68

255.77 $256.34
154.36
(2)

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.56
8.29

13.72
8.39

14.10
8.53

14.21
8.58

$14.44
(2)

486.80
297.56

503.52
307.78

506.19
306.23

511.56 $531.39
308.73
(2)

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

12.41
7.59

12.57
7.68

12.97
7.85

13.01
7.85

$13.15
(2)

404.57
247.29

412.30
252.02

418.93
253.44

424.13 $432.64
255.96
(2)

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.




Oct.
1997

Nov.
1997

Sept.
1998

Oct.
1998P

Nov.
1998P

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series. Establishment
survey estimates are currently projected from March 1997 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from
April 1997 forward are subject to revision.

124

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area

Birmingham

September
1998

Average weekly earnings

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

42.1
44.1
43.2

42.1
41.9
45.1

42.4
42.2
45.5

$11.95
12.78
14.18

$12.22
12.98
13.79

$1211
1269
13.64

$503.10
563.60
612.58

$514.46
543.86
621.93

$513.46
535.52
620.62

55.3

57.6

51.6

11.76

10.86

11.27

650.33

625.54

581.53

October
1998P

Mobile
Alaska

41.4

39.4

39.5

11.66

12.48

12.38

482.72

491.71

489.01

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale- Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

41.7
40.5
42.4
42.0
42.8

41.3
42.6
42.1
41.9
41.1

41.4
41.3
42.7
41.5
40.3

10.89
10.48
10.94
11.79
12.99

11.19
10.72
11.12
11.80
13.53

11.23
10.89
11.35
11.75
13.51

454.11
424.44
463.86
495.18
555.97

462.15
456.67
468.15
494.42
556.08

464.92
449.76
484.65
487.63
544.45

42.2
40.7
41.2
42.6
40.9
41.6
42.7
42.2
41.0
36.7
40.7
40.9
42.1
41.6
40.3
43.2
42.4
42.6

41.3
41.4
41.7
41.5
45.4
41.5
42.6
41.7
40.7
38.2
39.8
41.3
42.2
40.7
39.1
44.2
42.7
42.3

41.8
41.5
41.8
42.1
41.0
41.8
43.3
42.7
40.6
41.6
40.1
41.5
42.3
41.4
39.6
43.2
42.3
42.9

13.25
13.70
11.72
12.53
13.26
15.58
12.80
11.86
14.37
14.02
13.39
14.47
16.54
13.75
14.60
13.14
15.27
12.44

13.76
14.11
11.94
12.89
13.60
15.67
13.05
12.10
14.74
13.99
13.66
14.68
16.72
14.30
15.32
13.69
15.57
12.42

13.70
14.04
12.02
12.88
13.73
15.76
13.13
1207
14.79
14.17
13.67
14.73
16.78
14.19
15.39
13.57
15.69
1242

559.15
557.59
482.86
533.78
542.33
648.13
546.56
500.49
589.17
514.53
544.97
591.82
696.33
572.00
588.38
567.65
647.45
529.94

568.29
584.15
497.90
534.94
617.44
650.31
555.93
504.57
599.92
534.42
543.67
606.28
705.58
58201
599.01
605.10
664.84
525.37

572.66
582.66
502.44
542.25
562.93
658.77
568.53
515.39
600.47
589.47
548.17
611.30
709.79
587.47
609.44
586.22

Colorado
Denver

42.0
41.9

41.2
42.0

41.2
41.9

13.37
13.19

13.99
13.05

13.99
13.08

561.54
552.66

576.39
548.10

576.39
548.05

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

42.8
42.7
44.0
43.7
42.3
42.9
41.0
43.4

42.3
41.4
41.3
42.6
41.5
42.0
38.4
42.3

43.1
42.4
41.9
43.7
42.1
42.5
39.8
43.7

14.61
14.74
14.84
15.40
14.61
15.11
13.82
13.62

14.92
15.52
15.13
15.76
14.80
15.64
13.80
14.06

14.84
15.14
14.87
15.72
14.92
15.67
13.76
14.07

625.31
629.40
65296
672.98
618.00
648.22
566.62
591.11

631.12
64253
624.87
671.38
614.20
656.88
529.92
594.74

639.60
641.94
623.05
686.96
628.13
665.98
547.65
614.86

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

42.1
39.9
42.4

41.5
39.8
42.8

42.8
39.7
44.7

14.96
13.53
17.81

15.48
13.80
18.51

15.50
13.84
18.53

629.82
539.85
755.14

64242
549.24
79223

663.40
549.45
828.29

40.0

41.0

39.7

14.13

14.48

14.38

565.20

593.68

570.89

41.9

41.3

41.9

11.02

11.59

11.47

461.74

478.67

480.59

42.2
43.0
48.7

41.3
40.5
48.5

41.9
40.8
49.8

11.86
12.84
14.49

12.13
13.00
15.18

1215
1289
15.13

500.49
55212
705.66

500.97
526.50
736.23

509.09
525.91
753.47

37.3
39.9

37.4
38.5

37.8
38.6

13.04
12.94

12.97
12.93

1262
1275

486.39
516.31

485.08
497.81

477.04
492.15

Arizona

532.82

District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA

Florida
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

41.1

39.4

39.3

12.80

12.99

13.10

526.08

511.81

514.83

42.3
41.0
41.5
42.1
43.0
42.6
41.3
42.4
42.5
41.1

41.7
43.7
40.7
41.4
42.9
41.2
40.7
41.3
42.8
40.2

42.0
39.6
41.0
41.7
43.2
41.3
42.0
41.7
43.7
40.4

13.41
17.49
11.12
13.32
15.44
16.71
14.82
16.56
15.16
12.09

13.85
18.77
11.51
13.60
15.61
16.83
14.64
16.51
16.43
12.57

13.83
17.67
11.50
13.58
15.45
16.82
14.71
16.49
16.20
12.66

567.24
717.09
461.48
560.77
663.92
711.85
612.07
702.14
644.30
496.90

577.55
820.25
468.46
563.04
669.67
693.40
595.85
681.86
703.20
505.31

580.86
699.73
471.50
566.29
667.44
694.67
617.82
687.63
707.94
511.46

See footnotes at end of table.




125

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

October
1998P

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

43.4
41.8
39.4
43.3
42.0
43.0
44.0
50.2
42.9
45.3
42.3
44.1

41.1
40.3
38.3
43.5
41.3
39.8
43.3
52.6
43.3
44.9
40.7
47.0

42.5
40.2
39.2
44.0
41.9
41.4
43.3
51.8
43.9
45 0
41.4
47.0

$14.89
12.06
12.15
14.99
14.85
18.85
15.68
21.02
15.55
14.95
12.58
14.49

$15.02
12.04
13.09
14.14
14.66
18.76
15.11
21.05
15.99
14 37
12.77
14.56

$14.72
12.07
12.79
14.18
14.30
18.43
15.11
20.67
15.68
14.48
12.58
14.34

$646.23
504.11
478.71
649 07
623.70
810.55
689.92
1,055.20
667.10
677.24
532.13
639.01

$617.32
485.21
501.35
615.09
605.46
746.65
654.26
1,107.23
692.37
645.21
519.74
684.32

$625.60
485.21
501.37
623.92
599.17
763.00
654.26
1,070.71
688.35
651.60
520.81
673.98

43.2
42.0
43.8
41.6
39.4

40.6
41.5
40.7
40.2
37.7

41.7
40 2
41.8
38.6
40.6

13.68
16.96
13.76
15.44
11.38

14.35
18.66
14.54
15.71
12.47

13.75
17.17
14.13
16.06
11.71

590.98
712.32
602.69
642.30
448.37

58261
774.39
591.78
631.54
470.12

573.38
690.23
590.63
619.92
475.43

42.7
39.7
43.5

41.5
42.4
42.5

41.6
43.1
42.6

13.74
15.48
16.05

14.03
16.88
15.96

14.00
17.07
16.05

586.70
614.56
698.18

582.25
715.71
678.30

582.40
735.72
683.73

42.2
43.3
42 5

41.5
41.8
41 9

41.2
41.6
41 7

13.38
14.16
15.07

13.87
14.00
15.17

13.76
13.92
15.07

564.64
613.13
640.48

575.61
585.20
635.62

566.91
579.07
628.42

44.4
43.5
44.3
42.3

43.7
43.0
43.6
41.3

44.8
43.3
44.0
42.6

14.27
16.51
14.25
13.77

14.67
16.91
14.52
14.18

14.55
17.09
14.61
13.64

633.59
718.19
631.28
582.47

641.08
727.13
633.07
585.63

651.84
740.00
642.84
581.06

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

40.7
41.9
38.8

40.0
422
43.7

41.2
41.3
42.5

13.07
11.50
11.08

13.84
12.34
11.42

13.31
11.95
11.69

531.95
481.85
429.90

553.60
520.75
499.05

548.37
493.54
496.83

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA

41.3
41.3

41 7
42.2

42.0
41.8

13.97
14.57

14.44
15.03

14.39
15.30

576.96
601.74

602.15
634.27

604.38
639.54

42.0
41.5
42.4
43.3

41.6
40.9
40.9
41.9

41.5
40.9
41.3
41.8

13.55
14.66
13.07
13.72

13.82
15.17
13.71
13.97

13.80
15.20
13.73
13.96

569.10
608.39
554.17
594.08

574.91
620.45
560.74
585.34

572.70
621.68
567.05
583.53

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansina East Lansino
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

44.8
45.8
45.8
46 7
42.2
41.8
46.1
42.9
46.8

42.8
44.5
43.5
432
41.2
39.6
44.0
43.3
46.7

43.6
44.8
44.4
443
42.0
41.0
43.5
42.9
46.1

17.55
18.48
19.17
24.12
14.38
13.35
15.36
18.90
21.11

18.23
19.70
20.37
27 22
15.04
12.70
16.44
19.73
22.16

18.06
19.50
20.19
25.99
14.90
12.70
15.94
19.64
21.57

786.24
846.38
877.99
1,126.40
606.84
558.03
708.10
810.81
987.95

780.24
876.65
886.10
1,175.90
619.65
502.92
723.36
854.31
1,034.87

787.42
873.60
896.44
1,151.36
625.80
520.70
693.39
842.56
994.38

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St Paul
St Cloud

42.1
41.1
42.3
43.0

41.7
40.9
41.8
439

41.9
40.7
42.4
44.9

13.82
12.65
14.61
12.71

13.99
12.73
15.09
13.76

13.84
12.62
14.92
12.99

581.82
519.92
618.00
546.53

583.38
520.66
630.76
604.06

579.90
513.63
632.61
583.25

Mississippi
Jackson

41.9
42.0

40.8
41 0

41.9
41.6

10.44
12.18

10.74
12.00

10.76
11.87

437.44
511.56

438.19
492.00

450.84
493.79

Missouri
Kansas City
St Louis
.
Springfield

42.0
43.9
43.0
40.5

41.3
42.8
42.6
42.3

41.1
43.1
42.1
39.6

13.10
14.37
15.30
10.95

13.70
14.66
15.92
11.71

13.58
14.52
15.88
11.44

550.20
630.84
657.90
443.48

565.81
627.45
678.19
495.33

558.14
625.81
668.55
453.02

Montana

41.2

38.3

39.5

13.27

13.87

13.95

546.72

531.22

551.03

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

42.1
46.6
41.8

41.5
43.3
42.8

44.1
45.1
42.9

12.23
13.80
13.76

12.33
14.23
13.12

12.11
14.28
12.63

514.88
643.08
575.17

511.70
616.16
561.54

534.05
644.03
541.83

43.2
40.7

42.5
41.1

41.9
38.9

14.01
14.97

14.35
15.49

14.01
15.70

605.23
609.28

609.88
636.64

587.02
610.73

Indiana
Btoomington
...
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
..
Terre Haute

...

.

.

. . . .

.
.

.

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

..

..

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

.

.

Boston
Springfield
Worcester

Nevada
Las Vegas

.

.

See footnotes at end of table.




126

September
1998

October
1997

September
1998

October
1998P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area

Average weekly earnings

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

41.6
40.7
39.3
41.3

40.3
39.5
41.0
38.0

41.3
41.6
41.5
39.2

$12.57
13.57
15.14
11.69

$12.92
13.11
14.75
12.68

$12.79
13.29
14.76
1230

New Jersey

42.1

41.7

42.1

14.20

14.60

14.60

597.82

608.82

614.66

New Mexico
Albuquerque

38.3
37.6

37.9
37.2

38.5
38.3

12.36
14.43

12.31
14.08

1208
13.15

473.39
542.57

466.55
523.78

465.08
503.65

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

41.3
42.0
39.8
43.0
39.5
42.1
40.9
39.2
39.0
40.6
43.1
41.6
42.4
40.4
40.4

40.7
41.9
40.7
43.3
38.8
41.9
39.6
38.7
38.4
42.0
43.0
42.5
40.8
39.1
40.2

41.1
42.6
40.8
43.0
40.4
41.2
40.1
38.8
38.5
39.9
43.7
42.6
41.8
39.2
40.4

13.31
14.82
10.58
17.20
12.40
12.44
12.08
12.10
11.87
11.29
14.90
15.87
14.11
11.31
12.52

13.66
14.72
11.06
17.06
12.09
12.87
12.62
12.28
12.02
11.35
15.33
16.03
14.44
11.94
12.94

13.53
14.52
10.80
16.99
12.29
1279
1262
1227
1200
11.42
15.22
16.00
14.53
11.98
13.04

549.70
622.44
421.08
739.60
469.80
523.72
494.07
474.32
462.93
458.37
642.19
660.19
598.26
456.92
505.81

555.96
616.77
450.14
738.70
469.09
539.25
499.75
475.24
461.57
476.70
659.19
681.28
589.15
466.85
520.19

556.08
618.55
440.64
730.57
496.52
526.95
506.06
476.08
462.00
455.66
665.11
681.60
607.35
469.62
526.62

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

41.4
42.5
41.2
40.7
42.0

40.6
40.1
40.7
39.7
42.1

41.1
41.4
41.4
40.5
42.1

11.51
11.14
12.47
11.87
12.58

11.97
11.43
13.03
12.18
13.00

11.94
11.44
1295
1220
1294

476.51
473.45
513.76
483.11
528.36

485.98
458.34
530.32
483.55
547.30

490.73
473.62
536.13
494.10
544.77

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

40.1
40.5

40.2
41.7

40.2
39.1

11.41
11.36

11.71
11.49

11.56
11.23

457.54
460.08

470.74
479.13

464.71
439.09

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

43.7
43.4
42.2
44.1
43.7
42.4
44.5
45.5
43.7
43.2
41.5
44.4
42.7

43.2
41.3
41.1
43.5
42.9
42.7
44.3
46.2
43.1
42.4
40.2
43.1
42.7

43.2
42.1
41.1
43.7
43.0
42.3
43.7
45.5
43.4
43.2
40.5
43.5
41.9

15.60
12.80
13.75
14.89
15.01
14.56
16.82
17.07
16.78
16.27
16.30
16.75
18.03

16.09
13.27
14.14
15.44
15.52
15.41
17.49
18.01
16.22
17.10
18.83
17.30
18.22

15.95
13.17
14.04
15.43
15.50
15.19
17.36
17.38
16.50
17.05
18.59
17.36
17.81

681.72
555.52
580.25
656.65
655.94
617.34
748.49
776.69
733.29
702.86
676.45
743.70
769.88

695.09
548.05
581.15
671.64
665.81
658.01
774.81
83206
725.04
756.97
745.63
777.99

689.04
554.46
577.04
674.29
666.50
642.54
758.63
790.79
716.10
736.56
752.90
755.16
746.24

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

43.0
44.7
43.1

40.4
41.8
41.7

41.2
43.0
41.2

12.52
13.99
12.94

12.81
14.09
13.21

12.52
13.69
13.27

538.36
625.35
557.71

517.52
588.96
550.86

515.82
588.67
546.72

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

40.8
39.5
39.4
41.8
39.2

40.3
40.8
38.1
39.9
39.4

40.8
41.2
39.0
40.9
39.5

13.40
12.65
12.59
13.70
11.38

14.17
13.38
13.20
14.74
11.67

14.17
13.28
13.10
14.58
11.92

546.72
499.68
496.05
572.66
446.10

571.05
545.90
50292
588.13
459.80

578.14
547.14
510.90
596.32
470.84

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

42.0
42.4
40.0
44.3
39.9
39.6
40.7
41.8
43.0
41.7
41.8
43.2
42.7
40.3
42.6

41.6
41.4
40.0
42.8
39.4
38.6
40.7
40.9
42.6
41.8
41.1
42.9
43.1
39.7
43.2

41.8
42.3
41.0
44.0
39.5
39.7
40.7
40.9
43.1
42.3
41.1
42.7
41.5
40.6
43.1

13.84
14.08
11.75
14.20
13.29
10.27
13.03
15.00
14.82
15.19
12.50
14.80
12.03
10.76
14.22

14.15
14.69
12.35
14.06
13.72
10.42
13.00
15.51
15.19
15.05
13.09
15.53
12.20
11.47
14.60

14.10
14.63
12.20
13.99
13.86
10.45
13.01
15.47
15.12
15.01
13.05
15.26
1200
11.47
14.71

581.28
596.99
470.00
629.06
530.27
406.69
530.32
627.00
637.26
633.42
522.50
639.36
513.68
433.63
605.77

588.64
608.17
494.00
601.77
540.57
40221
529.10
634.36
647.09
629.09
538.00
666.24
525.82
455.36
630.72

589.38
618.85
500.20
615.56
547.47
414.87
529.51
632.72
651.67
634.92
536.36
651.60
498.00
465.68
634.00

See footnotes at end of table.




127

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

October
1997

$522.91
552.30
595.00
482.80

September

$520.68
517.85
604.75
481.84

October
1998P

$528.23
552.86
612.54
482.16

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area

Average weekly earnings

September
1998

October
1998P

October
1997

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

40.5
41.5

40.3
40.0

39.7
40.6

$11.38
11.60

$11.66
11.90

$11.65
11.91

$460.89
481.40

$469.90
476.00

$462.51
483.55

South Carolina

42.5

42.6

42.7

10.39

10.54

10.55

441.58

449.00

450.49

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

41.9
40.9
42.4

42.7
42.2
44.3

42.6
40.5
44.1

10.00
9.94
10.44

10.29
10.48
10.76

10.30
10.50
10.81

419.00
406.55
442.66

439.38
44226
476.67

438.78
425.25
476.72

41 3
42.0
39.8
41.1
41.7
41.3

388
39.4
37.8
39.7
39.5
39.1

406
41.1
38.9
406
40.1
40.9

11.85
10.71
12.66
11.50
12.23
12.93

12.33
11.74
13.30
12.14
13.32
13.14

1207
11.46
1297
12.15
13.02
1282

489.41
449.82
503.87
472.65
509.99
534.01

478.40
46256
50274
481.96
526.14
513.77

490.04
471.01
504.53
493.29
522.10
524.34

Texas
Dallas
Ft Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

43 9
43.5
43.9
46.3
41.5

430
42.7
43.7
43.3
41.9

436
43.0
44.4
45.1
41.8

12.06
12.13
12.85
14.34
9.74

12.23
12.39
13.04
14.43
9.74

1219
1239
13.06
14.40
9.75

529.43
527.66
564.12
663.94
404.21

525.89
529.05
569.85
624.82
408.11

531.48
532.77
579.86
649.44
407.55

Utah
.
Salt Lake City-Ogden

40.4
40.2

40.6
40.3

40.6
40.1

13.00
12.76

13.23
13.01

13.19
13.03

525.20
512.95

537.14
524.30

535.51
522.50

Vermont
Burlington

41 0
44.5

397
44.9

40.1
43.5

12.77
13.30

13.25
14.32

1299
13.91

523.57
591.85

526.03
64297

520.90
605.09

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

42.0
37.0
43.4
43.8
44.1
42.8
40.7
42.1
40 6

42.1
36.3
42.1
437
44.2
43.7
42.2
41.5
39.9

42.4
43.6
44.0
41.5
43.9
42.0
41.4
42.1
40.8

12.66
10.86
10.14
12.78
12.18
14.94
12.79
15.83
14.29

13.02
10.76
10.64
12.73
12.57
15.02
13.31
16.62
14.04

1284
10.75
10.74
1248
1262
14.81
13.22
16.27
13.97

531.72
401.82
440.08
559.76
537.14
639.43
520.55
666.44
580.17

548.14
390.59
447.94
556.30
555.59
656.37
561.68
689.73
560.20

544.42
468.70
472.56
517.92
554.02
622.02
547.31
684.97
569.98

Washington

41.4

40.7

41.4

15.27

15.95

15.94

632.18

649.17

659.92

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

42.1
49.8
43.7
43.4
40.7

41.6
48.3
43.7
42.5
40.7

41.8
49.8
43.9
42.3
40.2

13.21
15.20
14.65
16.97
16.32

14.19
16.28
15.66
17.53
17.00

14.03
16.26
16.01
17.73
17.08

556.14
756.96
640.21
736.50
664.22

590.30
786.32
684.34
745.03
691.90

586.45
809.75
702.84
749.98
686.62

42.7
44.1
41 2
42 7
45.7
40.5
42.7
41.9
42 3
42.8
43 2
44.4

42.2
44.2
435
42.1
44.5
37.5
42.2
42.8
41.1
42.3
44.4
43.4

42.0
44.0
41 4
42.7
44.4
38.6
41.2
40.4
41.8
41.3
44.1
42.0

13.77
14.97
12.65
14.90
17.41
15.45
11.63
12.73
14.95
14.26
13.05
13.45

14.19
15.67
12.30
15.68
19.18
16.44
12.76
13.48
15.05
14.83
14.14
13.89

14.15
15.37
12.72
15.44
19.05
16.04
1235
13.35
15.11
14.68
14.07
13.73

587.98
660.18
521.18
636.23
795.64
625.73
496.60
533.39
632.39
610.33
563.76
597.18

598.82
692.61
535.05
660.13
853.51
616.50
538.47
576.94
618.56
627.31
627.82
60283

594.30
676.28
526.61
659.29
845.82
619.14
508.82
539.34
631.60
606.28
620.49
576.66

Wyoming

40.7

40.1

40.6

14.35

Puerto Rico

39.8

1

( )

(1)

42.3

1

1

Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
.
Nashville

Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janes ville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
M ilwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Virgin Islands

( )

( )

1
Not available.
P -preliminary.




September
1998

October
1997

October
1997

October
1998P

September
1998

October
1998P

15.66

15.78

584.05

627.97

640.67

8.27

(M

(M

329.15

(M

18.39

(M

(M

777.90

(M
(1)

(M

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1997 benchmarks.

128

LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1
(Numbers in thousands)

1997

1998

Census region and division
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Mar.

Feb.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

NORTHEAST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

26,140.0 26,114.2 26,078.5 26,077.0 26,097.5 26,105.9 26,045.2 26,062.1 26,044.0 26,044.0 26,028.2 26,057.1 26,056.9
24,771.1 24,769.1 24,758.5 24,799.0 24,806.3 24,797.5 24,826.0 24,832.4 24,848.1 24,851.0 24,860.5 24,853.6 24,856.0
1,368.8 1,345.1 1,320.0 1,278.0 1,291.1 1,308.4 1,219.2 1,229.7 1,196.0 1,192.9 1,167.7 1,203.5 1,200.9
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.6
5.0
4.7
4.9
5.1
5.2
4.9
5.2

New England
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

7,140.9
6,837.6
303.3
4.2

7,137.9
6,839.4
298.5
4.2

7,132.8
6,840.1

7,130.7
6,861.1

292.7
4.1

269.7
3.8

7,123.0
6,864.6
258.4
3.6

7,139.0
6,862.8
276.2
3.9

7,103.1
6,860.0
243.1
3.4

7,125.0
6,860.7
264.3
3.7

7,106.9
6,854.4
252.4
3.6

7,103.2
6,863.4

7,101.8

239.8
3.4

232.9
3.3

6,868.9

7,119.4
6,865.7
253.7
3.6

7,140.6
6,881.8
258.8
3.6

Middle Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

18,999.1 18,976.3 18,945.7 18,946.3 18,974.5 18,966.9 18,942.1 18,937.2 18,937.2 18,940.8 18,926.4 18,937.8 18,916.3
17,933.5 17,929.8 17,918.4 17,937.9 17,941.7 17,934.7 17,966.0 17,971.7 17,993.6 17,987.6 17,991.6 17,987.9 17,974.1
934.8
965.5
976.1
949.9
953.1
942.1
943.5
1,065.5 1,046.5 1,027.3 1,008.3 1,032.7 1,032.2
5.4
5.4
5.1
5.2
5.4
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.3
5.5
5.6

SOUTH
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

47,490.8 47,600.5 47,694.8 47,816.2 47,818.3 47,879.6 47,935.3 47,977.2 47,985.4 48,070.4 48,129.5 48,247.0 48,312.6
45,245.0 45,387.7 45,523.3 45,689.9 45,752.0 45,761.0 45,865.9 45,924.5 45,916.9 45,983.1 46,001.2 46,139.8 46,216.9
2,245.9 2,212.8 2,171.5 2,126.3 2,066.4 2,118.6 2,069.5 2,052.7 2,068.5 2,087.3 2,128.4 2,107.2 2,095.8
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.3
4.3
4.3

South Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

24,569.1 24,635.4 24,677.1 24,738.2 24,765.7 24,763.1 24,800.5 24,788.8 24,783.2 24,836.0 24,863.9 24,918.9 24,971.4
23,503.8 23,575.5 23,630.4 23,695.5 23,724.7 23,720.6 23,786.9 23,785.3 23,784.1 23,831.0 23,842.1 23,939.4 23,971.1
999.0 1,005.1 1,021.8
979.5 1,000.3
1,065.2 1,060.0 1,046.7 1,042.6 1,041.0 1,042.5 1,013.6 1,003.4
4.1
4.1
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.0
4.0
4.2
4.2
4.3

East South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,118.6
7,700.9
417.7
5.1

8,135.3
7,725.7
409.7
5.0

8,145.8
7,748.2
397.5
4.9

8,144.8
7,775.6
369.1
4.5

8,136.3
7,785.3
351.0
4.3

8,167.0
7,784.1
382.8
4.7

8,148.8
7,791.0
357.7
4.4

8,146.5

8,127.4

7,791.4
355.0
4.4

7,794.2
333.2
4.1

8,135.7
7,806.2

329.6
4.1

8,150.9
7,805.5
345.4
4.2

8,162.3
7,809.0
353.3
4.3

8,171.2
7,817.6
353.6
4.3

West South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

14,803.2 14,829.8 14,871.9 14,933.3 14,916.3 14,949.5 14,986.1 15,041.9 15,074.9 15,098.6 15,114.7 15,165.8 15,170.0
14,040.3 14,086.6 14,144.7 14,218.8 14,241.9 14,256.2 14,288.0 14,347.7 14,338.6 14,345.9 14,353.5 14,391.4 14,428.2
674.4
698.1
762.9
743.2
694.2
736.3
714.5
693.3
727.2
752.7
774.4
761.2
741.9
4.7
5.2
4.6
4.8
4.6
4.9
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.1
4.9
4.5

See footnotes at end of table.




129

LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1 — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

Census region and division
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Mar.

Feb.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

MIDWEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

33,106.2 33,170.2 33,246.3 33,363.0 33,376.7 33,383.1 33,299.7 33,302.6 33,302.1 33,332.3 33,300.0 33,372.4 33,416.2
31,803.8 31,877.5 31,959.7 32,117.0 32,147.6 32,126.5 32,167.9 32,129.1 32,090.8 32,077.3 32,122.4 32,163.9 32,222.9
1,302.5 1,292.6 1,286.6 1,246.0 1,229.1 1,256.6 1,131.8 1,173.4 1,211.3 1,255.0 1,177.6 1,208.5 1,193.3
3.5
3.7
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.6
3.8
3.6

East North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

22,949.1 22,987.8 23,027.2 23,113.2 23,114.8 23,134.0 23,025.2 23,014.4 23,031.4 23,060.8 23,028.3 23,082.2 23,144.0
21,982.3 22,024.9 22,068.0 22,182.4 22,197.5 22,209.7 22,214.2 22,170.8 22,135.9 22,120.1 22,156.4 22,177.7 22,253.0
843.6
811.1
872.0
904.5
940.7
895.4
917.3
924.3
959.3
962.9
891.0
930.8
966.8
4.1
3.7
4.2
4.2
3.8
3.9
3.5
4.0
4.0
4.2
3.8
3.9
4.0

West North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

10,157.1 10,182.3 10,219.1 10,249.8 10,262.0 10,249.1 10,274.4 10,288.1 10,270.8 10,271.5 10,271.7 10,290.2 10,272.2
9,821.4 9,852.6 9,891.7 9,934.6 9,950.1 9,916.8 9,953.7 9,958.4 9,954.9 9,957.1 9,966.0 9,986.2 9,969.9
320.7
305.6
304.0
314.4
315.9
329.8
327.4
329.7
335.7
302.3
315.2
311.8
332.3
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.2
2.9
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.0
3.3
3.2

WEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

30,265.7 30,323.8 30,425.5 30,478.9 30,513.8 30,617.8 30,604.4 30,693.6 30,674.8 30,772.6 30,786.6 30,935.6 30,941.7
28,634.1 28,713.7 28,819.0 28,893.5 28,944.5 29,004.2 29,000.4 29,091.3 29,072.9 29,192.7 29,172.0 29,261.3 29,314.6
1,610.2 1,606.5 1,585.4 1,569.3 1,613.7 1,604.0 1,602.3 1,601.9 1,579.9 1,614.7 1,674.3 1,627.1
1,631.6
5.2
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.1
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.4

Mountain
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,507.1

8,159.7
347.5
4.1

8,550.2
8,201.2

349.0
4.1

8,599.7
8,250.1
349.7
4.1

8,633.8
8,298.2
335.6

3.9

8,672.2
8,323.7
348.5
4.0

8,685.1
8,317.0
368.1
4.2

8,711.3
8,336.5
374.8
4.3

8,714.1
8,351.7
362.3
4.2

8,717.9
8,350.0
367.9
4.2

8,747.2
8,386.7
360.5

4.1

8,770.9
8,404.8
366.2
4.2

8,809.9
8,437.5
372.5
4.2

8,832.2
8,470.0
362.2
4.1

Pacific
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

21,758.6 21,773.6 21,825.8 21,845.1 21,841.6 21,932.8 21,893.1 21,979.6 21,956.9 22,025.4 22,015.7 22,125.7 22,109.5
20,474.5 20,512.5 20,569.0 20,595.3 20,620.8 20,687.2 20,663.9 20,739.6 20,722.9 20,806.0 20,767.2 20,823.8 20,844.6
1,284.2 1,261.1 1,256.8 1,249.8 1,220.8 1,245.6 1,229.2 1,240.0 1,234.0 1,219.4 1,248.5 1,301.9 1,264.9
5.7
5.7
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.9
5.8

P = preliminary.
1
These estimates are obtained from summing offical State estimates produced
and published through the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various
census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York,
and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,




Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South
Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona,
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific:
Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

130

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

State
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

2,142.5
2,060.7
81.8
3.8

2,146.1
2,067.8
78.3
3.7

2,145.6
2,065.5
80.1
3.7

2,152.1
2,061.6
90.5
4.2

2,156.8
2,062.8
94.0
4.4

318.5
299.6
18.9
5.9

319.6
299.3
20.3
6.4

317.8
298.0
19.8
6.2

318.9
300.1
18.9
5.9

318.9
300.1
18.8
5.9

321.0
301.5
19.5
6.1

2,269.5
2,169.8
99.6
4.4

2,262.2
2,169.8
92.5
4.1

2,254.4
2,164.1
90.3
4.0

2,268.3
2,181.9
86.4
3.8

2,284.6
2,189.9
94.8
4.1

2,297.7
2,201.7
96.1
4.2

2,282.7
2,201.7
81.1
3.6

1,248.9
1,178.8
70.1
5.6

1,249.5
1,184.4
65.1
5.2

1,247.1
1,182.3
64.8
5.2

1,243.1
1,182.9
60.2
4.8

1,241.1
1,183.1
58.0
4.7

1,240.7
1,184.3
56.3
4.5

1,241.8
1,179.7
62.2
5.0

1,248.0
1,180.5
67.5
5.4

16,147.0
15,189.0
958.0
5.9

16,218.2
15,238.2
980.0
6.0

16,215.1
15,251.1
964.0
5.9

16,247.1
15,286.6
960.4
5.9

16,262.2
15,319.7
942.5
5.8

16,321.6
15,395.2
926.4
5.7

16,310.3
15,358.1
952.2
5.8

16,351.0
15,363.9
987.1
6.0

16,298.3
15,340.2
958.1
5.9

2,216.2
2,153.1
63.1
2.8

2,232.9
2,165.7
67.2
3.0

2,231.4
2,161.5
69.9
3.1

2,240.5
2,165.1
75.3
3.4

2,245.3
2,173.9
71.4
3.2

2,246.9
2,170.4
76.5
3.4

2,250.8
2,175.6
75.1
3.3

2,252.6
2,178.0
74.6
3.3

2,263.4
2,182.8
80.6
3.6

2,280.5
2,196.3
84.2
3.7

1,728.2
1,650.7
77.5
4.5

1,720.0
1,654.7
65.3
3.8

1,716.8
1,651.8
65.0
3.8

1,722.4
1,653.0
69.4
4.0

1,714.9
1,647.7
67.1
3.9

1,721.1
1,655.8
65.3
3.8

1,718.0
1,652.7
65.3
3.8

1,709.3
1,650.3
59.0
3.5

1,715.8
1,656.0
59.8
3.5

1,722.3
1,655.5
66.9
3.9

1,720.6
1,655.6
65.0
3.8

383.9
371.2
12.7
3.3

387.0
374.0
13.0
3.4

387.9
374.6
13.3
3.4

388.7
375.0
13.6
3.5

393.2
379.6
13.6
3.5

393.2
378.3
14.9
3.8

393.9
377.7
16.2
4.1

394.4
378.5
15.9
4.0

395.5
379.3
16.1
4.1

393.2
379.1
14.1
3.6

394.0
380.6
13.4
3.4

397.5
383.4
14.1
3.5

255.7
234.6
21.1
8.3

255.6
234.8
20.8
8.1

255.7
234.9
20.8
8.1

258.5
236.7
21.8
8.4

260.6
237.0
23.6
9.1

260.6
236.3
24.2
9.3

268.4
244.6
23.8
8.9

267.1
245.3
21.8
8.2

265.3
243.6
21.7
8.2

261.5
239.8
21.7
8.3

264.3
241.0
23.3
8.8

261.0
237.9
23.2
8.9

260.5
237.1
23.4
9.0

7,189.9
6,856.0
333.9
4.6

7,221.2
6,884.3
337.0
4.7

7,253.6
6,916.0
337.7
4.7

7,265.1
6,927.2
337.8
4.7

7,258.3
6,922.1
336.1
4.6

7,269.7
6,923.3
346.4
4.8

7,302.6
6,959.8
342.9
4.7

7,299.6
6,970.9
328.7
4.5

7,316.7
6,985.5
331.1
4.5

7,327.3
7,010.9
316.3
4.3

7,340.2
7,020.5
319.6
4.4

7,345.5
7,038.4
307.1
4.2

7,354.0
7,037.9
316.2
4.3

Apr.

May

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

2,172.7
2,067.0
105.7
4.9

2,164.6
2,061.9
102.7
4.7

2,154.1
2,055.0
99.1
4.6

2,146.3
2,057.3
89.1
4.1

2,141.6
2,059.8
81.8
3.8

2,149.9
2,060.0
89.9
4.2

2,137.4
2,058.8
78.7
3.7

2,144.7
2,057.9
86.7
4.0

317.0
293.0
24.0
7.6

317.4
294.4
23.1
7.3

318.5
295.9
22.6
7.1

317.6
297.8
19.8
6.2

318.0
297.9
20.1
6.3

317.4
298.5
19.0
6.0

316.3
298.3
18.1
5.7

2,188.9
2,095.7
93.3
4.3

2,211.5
2,116.8
94.7
4.3

2,237.7
2,144.7
93.0
4.2

2,243.0
2,159.2
83.8
3.7

2,252.4
2,163.0
89.3
4.0

2,263.3
2,164.4
99.0
4.4

1,219.8
1,158.2
61.6
5.0

1,229.7
1,167.9
61.7
5.0

1,240.6
1,178.5
62.1
5.0

1,245.8
1,180.2
65.6
5.3

1,243.9
1,178.5
65.4
5.3

16,073.4
15,084.1
989.3
6.2

16,086.1
15,112.5
973.6
6.1

16,122.8
15,151.8
971.0
6.0

16,114.0
15,145.7
968.3
6.0

2,189.1
2,122.6
66.5
3.0

2,196.4
2,129.0
67.4
3.1

2,199.7
2,132.8
66.9
3.0

1,725.7
1,643.1
82.6
4.8

1,726.6
1,646.6
80.0
4.6

381.9
368.7
13.3
3.5

Oct.

June

Alabama
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Alaska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arizona
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
California
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

State
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

3,932.2
3,765.3
166.9
4.2

3,928.5
3,764.4
164.2
4.2

3,918.0
3,759.1
158.9
4.1

3,928.7
3,771.7
157.0
4.0

3,950.0
3,786.3
163.6
4.1

3,931.6
3,772.5
159.1
4.0

592.4
556.3
36.1
6.1

592.5
557.1
35.4
6.0

593.1
557.7
35.4
6.0

593.4
560.4
33.0
5.6

592.8
558.7
34.1
5.7

638.0
604.2
33.7
5.3

638.4
605.8
32.6
5.1

641.0
607.4
33.6
5.2

640.1
608.1
32.0
5.0

6,149.5
5,862.0
287.6
4.7

6,156.7
5,861.9
294.8
4.8

6,162.1
5,867.0
295.1
4.8

3,111.2
2,997.7
113.5
3.6

3,113.8
3,004.6
109.2
3.5

1,574.0
1,528.4
45.7
2.9

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

3,960.4
3,802.7
157.7
4.0

3,951.7
3,791.2
160.5
4.1

3,963.4
3,801.1
162.2
4.1

3,967.1
3,807.0
160.1
4.0

3,972.7
3,811.0
161.7
4.1

4,003.6
3,848.2
155.4
3.9

3,999.0
3,843.9
155.1
3.9

592.9
558.6
34.4
5.8

592.3
561.0
31.3
5.3

593.4
559.0
34.5
5.8

592.4
556.9
35.5
6.0

596.2
561.4
34.8
5.8

596.9
563.1
33.8
5.7

600.8
564.2
36.6
6.1

599.0
563.9
35.0
5.8

641.7
609.5
32.2
5.0

644.8
611.2
33.5
5.2

646.7
613.5
33.2
5.1

647.2
616.4
30.9
4.8

645.1
612.8
32.3
5.0

646.9
615.5
31.4
4.9

653.4
621.4
32.0
4.9

663.2
630.2
33.0
5.0

662.5
629.2
33.3
5.0

6,190.5
5,887.8
302.7
4.9

6,186.3
5,902.8
283.6
4.6

6,189.1
5,909.1
280.0
4.5

6,142.1
5,886.2
255.9
4.2

6,131.4
5,889.7
241.8
3.9

6,156.8
5,878.7
278.1
4.5

6,177.7
5,902.1
275.7
4.5

6,137.4
5,877.9
259.5
4.2

6,163.5
5,885.0
278.6
4.5

6,184.3
5,914.9
269.4
4.4

3,113.0
3,003.9
109.1
3.5

3,115.4
3,013.6
101.8
3.3

3,111.1
3,010.6
100.5
3.2

3,133.9
3,027.0
106.9
3.4

3,117.3
3,030.1
87.2
2.8

3,092.6
3,003.7
88.9
2.9

3,081.6
2,993.9
87.7
2.8

3,079.9
3,000.3
79.5
2.6

3,089.9
3,006.2
83.8
2.7

3,095.0
2,999.1
95.9
3.1

3,103.0
3,017.2
85.8
2.8

1,573.9
1,528.6
45.3
2.9

1,581.7
1,535.7
46.0
2.9

1,589.9
1,545.4
44.5
2.8

1,594.3
1,552.9
41.4
2.6

1,588.6
1,547.1
41.5
2.6

1,582.9
1,544.7
38.2
2.4

1,581.9
1,545.3
36.7
2.3

1,574.5
1,534.7
39.8
2.5

1,566.7
1,527.0
39.7
2.5

1,571.0
1,531.0
40.0
2.5

1,581.1
1,539.3
41.8
2.6

1,567.2
1,525.9
41.3
2.6

1,386.2
1,335.9
50.4
3.6

1,394.0
1,343.4
50.6
3.6

1,404.4
1,351.6
52.7
3.8

1,407.7
1,358.9
48.8
3.5

1,409.7
1,362.0
47.7
3.4

1,409.8
1,360.3
49.5
3.5

1,414.6
1,366.9
47.7
3.4

1,418.9
1,368.6
50.3
3.5

1,413.2
1,363.2
50.0
3.5

1,419.3
1,366.5
52.8
3.7

1,422.5
1,371.7
50.9
3.6

1,424.7
1,371.8
52.9
3.7

1,429.0
1,377.5
51.5
3.6

1,936.8
1,839.8
97.0
5.0

1,938.7
1,843.8
94.9
4.9

1,937.2
1,844.9
92.3
4.8

1,931.3
1,842.9
88.4
4.6

1,936.3
1,856.5
79.9
4.1

1,945.8
1,858.9
86.9
4.5

1,938.9
1,861.0
77.8
4.0

1,938.9
1,857.3
81.6
4.2

1,944.6
1,858.7
85.8
4.4

1,936.9
1,855.4
81.5
4.2

1,950.9
1,864.5
86.3
4.4

1,943.5
1,863.5
80.0
4.1

1,945.7
1,863.1
82.6
4.2

2,034.1
1,914.4
119.7
5.9

2,037.2
1,917.8
119.4
5.9

2,043.8
1,926.5
117.3
5.7

2,067.6
1,962.3
105.3
5.1

2,038.0
1,949.8
88.2
4.3

2,033.2
1,937.4
95.8
4.7

2,054.4
1.940.7
113.8
5.5

2,080.2
1,970.5
109.7
5.3

2,083.7
1,975.0
108.7
5.2

2,073.4
1,950.8
122.6
5.9

2,083.5
1,956.6
126.9
6.1

2,073.4
1,946.2
127.2
6.1

2,069.5
1,966.5
103.0
5.0

657.8
622.5
35.3
5.4

659.0
624.0
35.0
5.3

661.1
626.3
34.9
5.3

660.9
627.7
33.1
5.0

657.9
627.6
30.3
4.6

655.0
626.6
28.4
4.3

653.3
627.1
26.2
4.0

654.1
629.0
25.1
3.8

650.6
624.4
26.1
4.0

652.2
622.1
30.2
4.6

654.1
625.3
28.8
4.4

649.6
621.5
28.1
4.3

660.7
631.2
29.4
4.5

Apr.

Georgia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Hawaii
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Indiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Iowa
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




132

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1997
State
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

2,784.1
2,644.5
139.6
5.0

2,789.1
2,651.8
137.4
4.9

2,790.8
2,657.1
133.7
4.8

2,803.7
2,668.8
134.9
4.8

2,802.1
2,667.2
134.9
4.8

2,796.9
2,666.5
130.4
4.7

2,793.0
2,668.0
125.0
4.5

2,783.7
2,657.0
126.7
4.6

2,776.5
2,652.8
123.7
4.5

2,789.0
2,656.3
132.7
4.8

2,788.3
2,654.3
134.0
4.8

2,779.1
2,659.1
119.9
4.3

2,795.9
2,681.2
114.7
4.1

3,268.5
3,141.2
127.3
3.9

3,263.2
3,136.8
126.4
3.9

3,254.5
3,130.3
124.3
3.8

3,258.8
3,141.8
116.9
3.6

3,258.3
3,149.4
108.9
3.3

3,268.4
3,146.5
121.9
3.7

3,244.7
3,148.8
95.8
3.0

3,263.7
3,144.1
119.6
3.7

3,255.7
3,144.5
111.2
3.4

3,255.0
3,153.7
101.3
3.1

3,251.6
3,154.8
96.7
3.0

3,265.2
3,157.3
107.9
3.3

3,272.0
3,162.9
109.1
3.3

4,999.9
4,798.9
200.9
4.0

5,003.4
4,804.4
199.0
4.0

5,013.0
4,815.7
197.3
3.9

5,047.2
4,849.4
197.7
3.9

5,051.1
4,846.1
205.0
4.1

5,047.6
4,848.8
198.8
3.9

5,033.7
4,857.2
176.6
3.5

5,038.8
4,850.9
187.9
3.7

5,033.4
4,852.3
181.2
3.6

5,016.7
4,807.0
209.7
4.2

5,032.8
4,852.1
180.7
3.6

5,055.4
4,871.7
183.7
3.6

5,083.4
4,897.3
186.1
3.7

2,650.1
2,568.8
81.3
3.1

2,660.8
2,581.2
79.6
3.0

2,670.8
2,593.5
77.3
2.9

2,672.5
2,600.0
72.6
2.7

2,675.4
2,606.3
69.1
2.6

2,684.1
2,607.0
77.1
2.9

2,693.6
2,624.2
69.4
2.6

2,698.3
2,623.8
74.5
2.8

2,699.5
2,630.0
69.5
2.6

2,698.3
2,636.5
61.9
2.3

2,693.5
2,636.5
57.0
2.1

2,698.6
2,634.4
64.3
2.4

2,689.0
2,630.6
58.3
2.2

1,277.6
1,204.4
73.2
5.7

1,278.4
1,208.8
69.6
5.4

1,279.3
1,213.7
65.6
5.1

1,284.8
1,214.9
69.8
5.4

1,281.5
1,212.4
69.1
5.4

1,289.9
1,214.5
75.4
5.8

1,282.4
1,214.1
68.3
5.3

1,283.5
1,217.4
66.0
5.1

1,273.6
1,215.0
58.7
4.6

1,280.3
1,217.5
62.9
4.9

1,279.1
1,214.4
64.7
5.1

1,284.6
1,216.4
68.2
5.3

1,284.8
1,220.1
64.6
5.0

2,892.3
2,772.5
119.9
4.1

2,892.5
2,775.6
116.9
4.0

2,895.0
2,779.2
115.7
4.0

2,911.3
2,796.3
115.0
4.0

2,911.7
2,793.0
118.7
4.1

2,894.8
2,770.2
124.7
4.3

2,911.4
2,781.9
129.6
4.4

2,915.7
2,783.9
131.8
4.5

2,908.5
2,786.0
122.5
4.2

2,906.6
2,785.5
121.2
4.2

2,907.7
2,788.6
119.1
4.1

2,909.7
2,802.3
107.4
3.7

2,905.7
2,795.1
110.6
3.8

458.0
433.3
24.7
5.4

459.0
434.2
24.8
5.4

460.6
435.9
24.7
5.4

462.2
437.1
25.1
5.4

462.5
438.2
24.3
5.3

461.8
436.8
25.0
5.4

462.6
437.2
25.4
5.5

464.4
438.5
25.8
5.6

464.4
439.5
24.9
5.4

464.9
441.1
23.7
5.1

463.8
440.6
23.2
5.0

464.3
440.2
24.0
5.2

466.1
440.6
25.5
5.5

913.9
893.4
20.5
2.2

919.0
899.9
19.1
2.1

923.6
905.9
17.7
1.9

924.2
907.6
16.6
1.8

926.2
908.4
17.9
1.9

926.8
906.3
20.5
2.2

928.7
910.5
18.2
2.0

927.2
908.8
18.4
2.0

927.2
911.6
15.6
1.7

932.3
912.3
20.0
2.1

931.6
910.3
21.3
2.3

930.0
910.7
19.3
2.1

932.7
911.5
21.1
2.3

895.1
859.7
35.4
4.0

897.1
861.7
35.4
3.9

900.6
864.8
35.8
4.0

905.7
866.7
39.0
4.3

911.4
869.7
41.8
4.6

909.6
867.2
42.4
4.7

914.5
870.4
44.1
4.8

915.8
872.9
42.9
4.7

920.6
880.4
40.2
4.4

924.9
885.7
39.3
4.2

926.6
887.4
39.2
4.2

931.4
896.1
35.3
3.8

942.8
907.3
35.5
3.8

652.8
633.3
19.5
3.0

653.2
633.7
19.5
3.0

651.2
632.1
19.1
2.9

653.3
635.4
17.9
2.7

652.7
634.6
18.1
2.8

652.0
632.7
19.3
3.0

653.5
634.9
18.6
2.8

655.2
635.5
19.6
3.0

653.8
636.0
17.8
2.7

653.3
638.0
15.4
2.4

647.8
634.1
13.7
2.1

648.7
633.0
15.7
2.4

655.0
636.3
18.7
2.9

Maryland
Civilian labor force
EmployGd
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nebraska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




133

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

State
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

4,194.1
3,983.9
210.1
5.0

4,186.2
3,979.3
206.9
4.9

4,178.1
3,971.6
206.6
4.9

4,181.8
3,977.1
204.7
4.9

4,185.9
3,975.3
210.6
5.0

4,192.5
3,978.5
214.0
5.1

4,188.9
3,974.9
214.1
5.1

4,185.0
3,975.7
209.3
5.0

4,193.9
3,991.8
202.1
4.8

829.8
779.8
50.0
6.0

832.8
781.3
51.5
6.2

835.5
782.2
53.3
6.4

836.1
784.9
51.2
6.1

837.7
785.1
52.5
6.3

841.7
787.7
54.0
6.4

842.7
790.7
52.1
6.2

842.7
788.1
54.5
6.5

8,818.5
8,261.5
557.0
6.3

8,799.5
8,252.7
546.7
6.2

8,775.9
8,241.8
534.0
6.1

8,786.7
8,259.4
527.2
6.0

8,810.2
8,267.9
542.3
6.2

8,795.3
8,261.8
533.5
6.1

8,773.0
8,267.5
505.4
5.8

3,842.4
3,705.7
136.7
3.6

3,843.3
3,704.0
139.4
3.6

3,828.0
3,688.2
139.8
3.7

3,842.0
3,703.7
138.4
3.6

3,847.8
3,706.5
141.3
3.7

3,846.9
3,698.0
148.8
3.9

346.1
339.5
6.6
1.9

346.3
339.2
7.1
2.0

346.1
339.1
7.0
2.0

346.2
339.8
6.4
1.8

346.0
339.4
6.6
1.9

5,746.7
5,487.0
259.7
4.5

5,767.0
5,510.9
256.1
4.4

5,786.2
5,531.5
254.6
4.4

5,796.7
5,561.9
234.7
4.0

1,605.0
1,542.2
62.8
3.9

1,607.7
1,546.9
60.8
3.8

1,607.5
1,550.2
57.3
3.6

1,764.7
1,665.7
99.0
5.6

1,767.3
1,670.8
96.5
5.5

5,986.5
5,688.1
298.4
5.0

507.7
481.6
26.0
5.1

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

4,187.6
3,983.9
203.7
4.9

4,184.2
3,982.1
202.1
4.8

4,190.0
3,993.1
196.9
4.7

4,183.0
3,992.8
190.1
4.5

846.9
790.2
56.7
6.7

847.6
793.8
53.8
6.3

846.7
792.2
54.5
6.4

847.5
792.3
55.2
6.5

849.2
793.9
55.3
6.5

8,788.3
8,287.8
500.5
5.7

8,781.1
8,301.5
479.7
5.5

8,769.1
8,289.5
479.6
5.5

8,769.7
8,302.4
467.3
5.3

8,794.5
8,310.6
483.8
5.5

8,794.6
8,320.6
474.0
5.4

3,823.1
3,683.1
140.1
3.7

3,807.1
3,680.8
126.3
3.3

3,776.3
3,661.0
115.3
3.1

3,792.0
3,668.1
123.9
3.3

3,803.9
3,668.1
135.9
3.6

3,819.9
3,685.9
133.9
3.5

3,826.2
3,688.8
137.4
3.6

346.4
338.0
8.4
2.4

344.9
338.2
6.7
1.9

346.4
339.1
7.3
2.1

347.3
339.5
7.8
2.2

347.0
339.5
7.5
2.2

346.8
338.5
8.3
2.4

346.7
338.0
8.7
2.5

346.4
337.5
9.0
2.6

5,803.6
5,562.7
240.9
4.2

5,805.8
5,558.4
247.5
4.3

5,784.3
5,562.3
222.0
3.8

5,802.3
5,555.7
246.7
4.3

5,805.1
5,544.0
261.1
4.5

5,816.0
5,541.3
274.7
4.7

5,803.3
5,551.7
251.5
4.3

5,804.7
5,554.4
250.3
4.3

5,804.5
5,556.8
247.6
4.3

1,608.2
1,555.4
52.7
3.3

1,612.4
1,555.6
56.9
3.5

1,616.2
1,558.7
57.5
3.6

1,611.6
1,551.0
60.5
3.8

1,614.2
1,554.8
59.5
3.7

1,614.8
1,550.0
64.8
4.0

1,622.5
1,550.9
71.5
4.4

1,620.8
1,551.7
69.1
4.3

1,635.3
1,564.3
71.1
4.3

1,637.6
1,567.6
69.9
4.3

1,775.4
1,681.2
94.2
5.3

1,807.9
1,713.8
94.1
5.2

1,774.4
1,690.5
83.9
4.7

1,778.5
1,691.3
87.2
4.9

1,769.2
1,679.3
89.9
5.1

1,775.0
1,682.7
92.2
5.2

1,755.1
1,660.2
94.9
5.4

1,765.8
1,669.9
95.9
5.4

1,766.9
1,665.9
101.0
5.7

1,789.1
1,687.4
101.7
5.7

1,804.2
1,701.0
103.2
5.7

5,990.7
5,697.7
292.9
4.9

5,991.7
5,705.0
286.7
4.8

5,977.8
5,701.4
276.4
4.6

5,978.3
5,698.5
279.8
4.7

5,979.1
5,694.3
284.8
4.8

5,980.2
5,723.6
256.6
4.3

5,963.8
5,708.3
255.6
4.3

5,962.1
5,700.4
261.7
4.4

5,984.1
5,714.2
269.9
4.5

5,972.5
5,707.1
265.4
4.4

5,953.3
5,684.2
269.1
4.5

5,938.7
5,660.8
278.0
4.7

506.7
481.4
25.2
5.0

507.5
482.9
24.6
4.9

508.6
484.1
24.5
4.8

506.5
481.9
24.6
4.9

509.5
483.7
25.8
5.1

506.6
481.9
24.7
4.9

501.8
478.4
23.4
4.7

498.4
477.9
20.5
4.1

500.1
477.8
22.2
4.4

499.6
475.5
24.0
4.8

502.6
478.0
24.6
4.9

501.8
475.7
26.1
5.2

July

New Jersey
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




134

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

State
Oct.

NOV.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.P

1,912.2
1,839.4
72.8
3.8

1,907.7
1,836.9
70.8
3.7

1,902.9
1,832.9
70.0
3.7

1,908.4
1,834.5
73.8
3.9

1,910.4
1,844.5
65.8
3.4

1,902.6
1,856.3
46.2
2.4

1,913.3
1,856.8
56.6
3.0

1,919.4
1,854.3
65.0
3.4

1,929.2
1,867.3
61.9
3.2

1,941.5
1,868.0
73.4
3.8

1,930.3
1,863.5
66.9
3.5

1,932.6
1,869.2
63.3
3.3

1,949.7
1,875.5
74.2
3.8

394.4
383.0
11.3
2.9

395.9
384.8
11.2
2.8

397.5
386.7
10.8
2.7

398.0
386.7
11.3
2.8

398.7
388.2
10.5
2.6

398.6
387.8
10.8
2.7

398.4
387.4
11.0
2.8

399.8
388.9
10.9
2.7

400.6
390.0
10.7
2.7

401.2
389.9
11.3
2.8

398.5
389.5
9.0
2.3

399.4
389.8
9.7
2.4

402.3
391.9
10.4
2.6

2,731.5
2,589.6
141.9
5.2

2,753.6
2,611.2
142.5
5.2

2,775.2
2,634.7
140.6
5.1

2,782.4
2,660.5
121.9
4.4

2,776.9
2,656.6
120.3
4.3

2,781.4
2,650.8
130.7
4.7

2,790.0
2,657.2
132.9
4.8

2,779.4
2,658.8
120.7
4.3

2,766.6
2,659.7
106.9
3.9

2,772.3
2,665.5
106.9
3.9

2,775.4
2,661.1
114.2
4.1

2,782.1
2,667.4
114.7
4.1

2,783.9
2,671.5
112.4
4.0

9,944.2
9,425.5
518.8
5.2

9,955.2
9,454.0
501.3
5.0

9,979.9
9,489.4
490.5
4.9

10,011.7
9,520.9
490.9
4.9

10,022.0
9,558.1
463.9
4.6

10,051.2
9,581.3
469.9
4.7

10,070.5
9,611.9
458.7
4.6

10,100.4
9,640.1
460.3
4.6

10,133.4
9,630.8
502.6
5.0

10,161.7
9,661.1
500.6
4.9

10,169.7
9,660.9
508.9
5.0

10,215.3
9,701.3
514.0
5.0

10,215.0
9,713.6
501.3
4.9

1,056.1
1,024.2
31.9
3.0

1,061.9
1,030.9
31.1
2.9

1,069.7
1,038.8
30.9
2.9

1,076.5
1,045.6
30.9
2.9

1,079.5
1,048.4
31.1
2.9

1,077.5
1,043.9
33.6
3.1

1,080.1
1,045.5
34.6
3.2

1,080.2
1,047.2
33.0
3.1

1,081.4
1,046.6
34.8
3.2

1,085.1
1,046.1
39.0
3.6

1,084.6
1,048.7
35.9
3.3

1,084.5
1,048.2
36.3
3.3

1,090.2
1,055.2
35.0
3.2

328.5
315.9
12.6
3.8

329.3
316.9
12.4
3.8

330.3
318.0
12.3
3.7

329.2
317.2
12.0
3.6

330.8
319.3
11.5
3.5

331.8
320.4
11.4
3.4

330.2
319.6
10.6
3.2

329.1
317.9
11.2
3.4

330.4
318.9
11.5
3.5

333.3
321.5
11.8
3.5

332.9
323.2
9.8
2.9

330.9
320.5
10.4
3.2

330.6
320.1
10.5
3.2

3,465.9
3,338.8
127.1
3.7

3,500.9
3,376.1
124.8
3.6

3,538.4
3,417.2
121.2
3.4

3,541.0
3,424.7
116.4
3.3

3,547.6
3,431.8
115.8
3.3

3,554.8
3,436.2
118.6
3.3

3,540.2
3,440.8
99.4
2.8

3,555.0
3,448.8
106.2
3.0

3,554.9
3,443.8
111.2
3.1

3,554.6
3,449.1
105.5
3.0

3,567.5
3,456.0
111.5
3.1

3,580.5
3,468.7
111.8
3.1

3,579.0
3,467.1
111.9
3.1

3,011.2
2,875.3
135.8
4.5

3,010.2
2,877.7
132.6
4.4

3,016.0
2,882.4
133.6
4.4

3,012.2
2,877.6
134.6
4.5

3,009.4
2,884.7
124.6
4.1

3,025.7
2,900.7
125.0
4.1

3,000.0
2,874.2
125.9
4.2

3,045.6
2,911.6
134.0
4.4

3,027.6
2,886.8
140.8
4.7

3,024.0
2,881.5
142.5
4.7

3,022.7
2,880.0
142.7
4.7

3,065.9
2,908.3
157.6
5.1

3,087.1
2,938.0
149.1
4.8

804.6
750.8
53.8
6.7

805.0
752.1
52.9
6.6

802.7
751.0
51.6
6.4

802.9
753.7
49.2
6.1

800.4
754.2
46.2
5.8

807.0
752.0
55.1
6.8

806.2
752.9
53.4
6.6

811.3
759.3
52.0
6.4

806.4
750.5
55.9
6.9

807.6
752.3
55.3
6.8

803.5
748.7
54.8
6.8

802.8
751.4
51.5
6.4

809.5
756.2
53.4
6.6

2,941.9
2,836.7
105.1
3.6

2,947.0
2,843.1
103.8
3.5

2,953.0
2,849.8
103.2
3.5

2,963.4
2,869.6
93.8
3.2

2,962.7
2,875.3
87.3
2.9

2,957.6
2,866.5
91.1
3.1

2,947.9
2,878.4
69.4
2.4

2,949.3
2,870.9
78.4
2.7

2,954.5
2,867.2
87.3
3.0

2,970.5
2,869.4
101.1
3.4

2,964.9
2,868.4
96.4
3.3

2,963.6
2,867.5
96.1
3.2

2,968.9
2,866.7
102.2
3.4

252.1
240.1
12.1
4.8

253.0
241.4
11.6
4.6

254.9
243.5
11.4
4.5

254.0
243.5
10.6
4.2

254.2
244.0
10.2
4.0

255.0
244.3
10.7
4.2

254.8
244.2
10.5
4.1

256.3
245.0
11.3
4.4

258.1
245.9
12.1
4.7

258.8
247.0
11.9
4.6

258.6
246.6
11.9
4.6

257.9
246.0
11.9
4.6

258.2
245.8
12.4
4.8

South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian labor force .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1 Itah
uian
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wisconsin
Civilian labor force .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be




revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

135

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
September

September

October

October
1997

1998

1997

1998P

97.4
2.7
15.1
3.2
2.4
4.5
3.5
5.4
11.5
5.4
2.3

5.0
6.3
3.5
5.0
4.8
6.4
4.9
2.8
4.9
4.3
33

4.2
4.5
2.9
4.0
3.4
5.8
4.9
3.0
3.9
3.4
25

5.0
6.3
3.5
4.7
4.8
6.3
4.8
2.7
4.7
4.3
32

4.5
5.0
3.2
4.5
3.6
6.3
6.8
3.1
4.2
3.4
27

22.5
7.7

18.7
6.0

62
5.2

48
3.8

7 1
5.5

58
4.2

109.6
3.6
49.3
11.2
24.3

100.6
4.3
43.6
12.4
18.1

87.8
3.2
40.9
9.1
16.6

5.0
7.0
3.2
3.6
34.4

4.7
6.2
3.2
3.0
33.0

4.6
7.2
3.0
3.4
27.9

3.8
5.2
2.7
2.4
25.0

58.7
3.9
4.6
1 7
11.4
2.8

58.0
4.1
4.3
1.6
10.4
2.7

52.3
3.6
4.9
1.3
10.2
2.4

57.2
3.8
4.3
1.4
10.1
2.5

4.8
2.8
4.8
4.0
3.9
7.7

4.7
2.9
4.5
3.7
3.4
7.2

4.3
2.6
5.1
3.2
3.4
6.6

4.6
2.6
4.5
33
3.3
6.9

16,364.9
272.1
88.0
428.1
4,644.8
82.7
207.8
1,204.3
1,433.0
74.9
1,408.4
747.3
183.3
1,305.4
946.4
966.1
110.2
195.7
147.5
244.8
249.9
248.3
389.7
165.0
87.5
56.3

968.5
30.1
6.2
45.8
303.2
8.9
20 3
52.3
48.0
5.9
102.6
39.3
11.5
56.7
33.0
29 0
4.8
8.6
7.5
8.6
21.1
13.4
29.1
21.9
3.6
6.2

954.9
29.2
5.8
49.3
310.5
9.3
19.0
49.8
45.6
5.5
95.7
35.9
11.7
51.6
30.5
36.5
4.7
8.2
7.2
7.9
21.5
11.9
26.2
22.4
3.4
5.7

951.7
35.2
5.8
57.6
285.0
11.0
24.1
48.3
44.3
5.7
94.4
37.5
12.8
51.9
30.2
26.6
4.7
9.2
8.7
8.1
24.0
13.8
26.2
25.9
4.4
6.7

918.2
29.9
5.5
55.7
296.3
10.0
22.8
45.1
41.7
5.2
86.8
33.9
12.2
47.2
27.2
34.4
4.3
7.5
7.6
6.8
22.6
11.1
22.6
24.2
3.7
6.2

6.0
10.5
7.2
10.2
6.6
10.6
98
4.4
3.5
7.9
7.6
5.3
6.3
4.4
3.5
3.1
4.6
4.4
5.2
3.6
8.4
5.5
7.6
13.7
4.2
10.8

5.8
10.4
6.5
10.9
6.6
11.1
9.0
4.2
3.2
7.4
6.8
4.8
6.4
4.0
3.2
3.8
4.3
4.3
4.9
3.2
8.5
4.8
6.7
13.7
3.9
9.7

5.9
12.5
6.7
13.5
6.3
13.3
11 8
4.1
3.2
7.7
6.9
5.1
7.0
4.0
3.2
2.8
4.3
4.7
6.0
3.3
9.6
5.6
6.8
15.8
5.0
12.0

5.6
11.0
6.3
13.0
6.4
12.1
11 0
3.7
2.9
7.0
6.2
4.5
6.7
3.6
2.9
3.6
3.9
3.8
5.1
2.8
9.0
4.5
5.8
14.7
4.3
11.0

2,207.1
174.4
251.0
1,112.0
138.5
57.9
83.5
60.7

2,297.6
179.1
260.9
1,159.4
143.1
60.7
87.6
65.1

63.9
4.5
8.3
28.9
3.9
2.1
2.8
2.4

76.2
5.4
10.5
32.8
4.9
2.4
3.5
4.0

59.9
4.1
7.8
26.2
3.5
2.2
2.5
2.2

77.5
5.5
10.4
32.3
5.0
2.4
3.6
4.0

2.9
2.6
3.3
2.6
2.8
3.6
3.4
4.0

3.3
3.1
4.1
2.8
3.4
3.9
4.1
6.2

2.7
2.4
3.1
2.4
2.5
3.7
3.0
3.6

3.4
3.1
4.0
2.8
3.5
4.0
4.1
6.2

1,708.0
214.8
109.0
579.0
267.8
154.7
196.0
119.0

1,723.6
218.9
108.9
585.6
273.3
154.2
195.5
119.0

1,718.9
217.4
110.4
581.3
270.3
154.6
198.0
119.3

72.5
11.0
3.0
25.7
11.7
7.5
5.3
5.4

55.8
8.5
2.3
19.6
9.0
5.7
4.2
4.4

73.5
11.1
3.0
25.8
11.7
7.8
5.4
5.7

56.7
9.0
2.5
19.8
8.8
5.8
4.5
4.3

4.2
5.1
2.8
4.4
4.3
4.9
2.8
4.6

3.3
4.0
2.1
3.4
3.4
3.7
2.2
3.7

4.3
5.1
2.7
4.4
4.3
5.1
2.8
4.7

3.3
4.2
2.2
3.4
3.3
3.8
2.3
3.6

390.3
69 1
290.0

379.4
66.6
286.0

394.9
71.3
293.1

13.9
2.7
12.0

13.5
2.6
11.0

12.2
2.3
10.4

13.0
3.3
9.3

3.7
4.2
4.2

3.5
3.8
3.8

3.2
3.5
3.6

3.3
4.6
3.2

1998

1998

1997

1998P

2,167.5
55.9
471.6
72.3
67.2
71.6
50.4
170.9
268.6
160.6
84 1

2,141.7
53.6
471.7
71.3
66.7
70.7
50.7
169.8
268.8
158.2
85 3

2,178.6
55.6
474.3
72.5
67.6
71.9
50.9
171.9
270.3
161.7
84.5

2,162.6
54.2
478.1
72.0
67.3
71.0
51.8
171.1
269.9
159.5
85.8

109.4
3.5
16.5
3.6
3.2
4.6
2.5
4.9
13.1
7.0
28

89.6
2.4
13.8
2.9
2.2
4.1
2.5
5.1
10.6
5.3
2.2

108.7
3.5
16.5
3.4
3.2
4.6
2.5
4.6
12.7
7.0
27

316.5
136.4

320 3
139.6

315.7
139.6

320.5
143.1

197
7.1

15.4
5.3

Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson .
.
Yuma

2,187.0
58.3
1,437.0
358.2
67.1

2,311.3
58.1
1,532.8
368.3
73.8

2,207.5
59.7
1,453.5
361.8
64.9

2,300.5
61.1
1,526.2
371.7
66.2

108.4
4.1
45.7
12.7
23.1

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Jonesboro
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,216.4
137.9
95.1
41.1
296.1
36.1

1,244.7
142.5
96.3
42.1
302.2
36.8

1,216.8
139.5
95.6
41.2
296.0
35.9

1,244.5
142.7
96.7
42.2
301.4
36.7

16,102.6
287.3
86.5
447.0
4,561.4
83.5
206 9
1,181.6
1,383.5
75.3
1,358.2
741.5
182.9
1,282.1
934.8
944 4
106.2
192.5
142.7
241.5
251.1
243.5
381.6
160.1
86.5
57.2

16,398.8
281.9
88.5
453.1
4,694.1
83.7
2108
1,195.8
1,420.5
74.6
1,400.1
746.4
182.4
1,293.4
943.7
957 6
108.1
192.8
145.9
245.9
253 3
249.1
390.5
163.3
87.4
58.7

16,141.9
281.1
86.8
428.3
4,548.7
83.0
205.0
1,189.4
1,396.6
74.8
1,367.3
741.7
184.6
1,294.0
940.4
954.0
109.5
197.1
145.8
243.5
249.1
244.6
387.6
163.2
87.2
55.6

2,203.2
171.9
248.6
1,114.4
138.4
57.3
82.2
60.4

2,288.1
176.1
257.8
1,159.9
142.8
60.3
86.4
64.7

1,709.2
216.7
107.7
581.2
269.4
154 4
193.6
118.2
377.2
65 7
283.7

Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Chico-Paradise
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Merced
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Redding
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville
Yolo
YubaCity
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Fort Collins-Loveland
Grand Junction
Greeley
Pueblo
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
.
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

..
...

...

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

See footnotes at end of table.




1998P

October

1997

1997

1997
Alabama
Anniston
Birmingham
Decatur
Dothan
FlorencG
Gadsden
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

September

136

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor torce

Number

State and area
September

September

October

Percent of labor force i

October

October

1997

1998

1997

1998P

22.6
78.9

7.9
3.7

8.5
3.3

8.0
3.6

8.7
3.0

336.0
7.1
36.8
5.8
11.6
2.8
2.6
18.1
12.5
9.1
72.3
5.1
4.1
27.0
4.2
6.4
1.7
7.5
4.3
38.8
32.1

317.4
6.4
34.1
5.2
12.3
2.4
2.5
15.6
11.7
9.8
67.5
4.6
4.1
24.6
5.4
6.4
1.6
6.9
4.5
33.9
30.0

5.1
4.0
5.1
3.7
12.1
3.4
2.6
3.6
7.9
4.7
7.3
7.4
4.4
3.5
5.3
3.7
4.4
3.2
3.2
3.6
7.5

4.5
3.2
4.4
3.3
11.6
2.9
2.4
2.9
7.3
4.3
6.5
6.2
4.4
3.1
6.6
3.7
3.9
2.7
3.1
3.1
6.5

4.7
3.7
4.8
3.4
9.5
3.5
2.5
3.3
6.4
4.4
6.9
5.9
4.2
3.2
6.4
3.7
3.7
2.8
3.0
3.4
6.5

4.3
3.3
4.4
3.0
9.9
2.9
2.3
2.8
5.9
4.7
6.4
5.0
4.2
2.9
8.0
3.6
3.5
2.4
3.0
2.9
6.0

163.3
5.0
2.1
69.5
10.6
6.1
7.7
5.7

175.9
4.1
2.2
76.3
12.3
6.5
7.5
6.1

163.7
4.9
2.0
68.1
11.0
6.0
7.9
7.0

4.6
7.0
3.1
3.8
6.7
5.2
5.0
4.8

4.1
8.6
2.8
3.3
5.2
4.9
5.0
4.3

4.5
6.9
3.0
3.7
6.0
5.3
4.9
4.6

4.1
8.3
2.6
3.2
5.4
4.9
5.1
5.2

37.4
22.9

36.6
23.6

35.0
21.4

34.1
21.9

6.4
5.4

6.2
5.5

5.9
5.0

5.7
5.1

661.1
223.0
40.8

27.6
7.1
1.9

26.9
7.2
1.6

27.4
7.3
2.0

26.9
7.2
1.7

4.3
3.4
4.7

4.1
3.2
3.8

4.3
3.4
5.0

4.1
3.2
4.1

6,151.6
82.7
95.0
4,102.6
184.4
58.1
52.0
183.0
195.6
106.7

6,185.0
84.8
95.0
4,134.4
183.7
57.6
51.8
182.5
194.2
105.6

260.4
1.8
2.3
170.0
5.6
3.6
2.5
6.8
7.2
4.1

256.3
1.6
2.2
169.6
5.2
2.9
3.3
6.0
7.4
3.7

261.1
1.8
2.3
170.9
5.2
3.6
2.5
7.0
7.2
4.0

246.5
1.5
2.1
162.5
5.1
2.8
3.0
6.0
7.3
3.8

4.3
2.2
2.6
4.2
3.1
6.3
4.9
3.8
3.7
3.9

4.2
2.0
2.4
4.1
2.8
5.1
6.4
3.3
3.8
3.5

4.2
2.2
2.4
4.2
2.8
6.2
4.8
3.8
3.7
3.8

4.0
1.8
2.2
3.9
2.8
4.8
5.8
3.3
3.8
3.6

3,098.1
62.1
92.4
155.8
264.2
300.8
838.0
52.6
91.6
61.9
135.6
70.7

3,122.2
64.3
94.6
158.8
268.4
304.4
839.8
51.6
91.7
63.8
137.6
73.8

3,113.5
63.2
92.9
155.9
264.3
301.9
845.0
52.8
92.6
62.9
136.6
71.6

102.8
1.2
3.1
6.2
7.6
11.6
22.7
1.7
2.2
2.0
4.5
4.0

87.0
1.5
2.0
5.4
8.4
10.7
19.4
1.3
1.7
2.3
3.3
2.6

104.1
1.3
3.4
6.2
7.3
12.0
22.7
1.7
2.2
2.2
4.6
4.1

77.5
1.2
1.9
4.4
6.0
9.8
17.6
1.1
1.6
1.9
3.0
2.5

3.3
1.9
3.3
3.9
2.8
3.8
2.7
3.3
2.5
3.3
3.3
5.5

2.8
2.4
2.2
3.5
3.2
3.5
2.3
2.4
1.9
3.7
2.4
3.7

3.3
2.1
3.6
3.9
2.7
3.9
2.7
3.2
2.4
3.4
3.3
5.5

2.5
1.9
2.0
2.8
2.3
3.3
2.1
2.2
1.7
3.1
2.2
3.5

1,577.4
108.5
250.8
49.2
64.3
65.2
69.6

1,579.5
108.9
249.8
49.6
65.6
65.2
68.9

1,571.1
108.4
249.2
49.1
65.1
65.0
69.4

42.7
2.2
5.7
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.3

37.3
1.8
5.0
1.3
1.6
1.6
2.1

37.0
2.0
4.9
1.3
1.4
1.7
2.0

33.5
1.6
4.4
1.2
1.3
1.5
2.0

2.7
2.1
2.3
3.3
2.6
3.0
3.3

2.4
1.7
2.0
2.6
2.4
2.5
3.1

2.3
1.8
2.0
2.7
2.1
2.5
2.9

2.1
1.5
1.8
2.4
2.0
2.2
2.9

1997

1998

1997

1997

1998

1997

1998P

District of Columbia
Washington

255.2
2,520.5

260.1
2,598.1

255.4
2,529.4

260.0
2,595.8

20.2
93.2

22.2
84.7

20.4
90.5

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Naples
Ocala
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Punta Gorda
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

7,188.1
189.1
760.1
169.0
122.4
79.4
103.6
540.7
196.4
204.3
1,047.4
86.2
94.5
831.0
66.1
172.5
45.7
268.5
143.4
1,144.2
488.3

7,380.5
192.0
775.6
171.7
125.1
81.9
105.6
555.9
200.4
208.2
1,055.6
89.1
97.2
861.5
68.5
177..7
45.7
286.2
145.7
1,185.3
503.4

7,216.3
190.2
762.1
170.2
122.0
78.1
104.2
544.2
196.6
205.4
1,049.4
86.8
95.9
832.0
65.0
173.1
45.9
271.1
145.4
1,150.6
490.3

7,383.5
191.6
774.5
171.5
124.5
80.7
105.9
555.6
199.2
209.3
1,057.7
90.5
97.8
858.4
67.4
177.0
46.0
288.1
146.9
1,184.5
503.9

366.0
7.6
38.7
6.2
14.8
2.7
2.7
19.3
15.6
9.5
75.9
6.4
4.2
29.4
3.5
6.5
2.0
8.6
4.6
41.2
36.7

335.0
6.2
34.5
5.6
14.5
2.4
2.5
16.3
14.6
8.9
68.2
5.5
4.2
26.9
4.5
6.5
1.8
7.7
4.5
36.7
32.9

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

3,917.3
58.1
69.4
2,066.8
206.0
122.8
152.5
132.7

3,992.2
58.6
75.0
2,110.7
204.1
123.6
154.5
133.7

3,949.2
58.7
73.5
2,089.1
203.4
122.8
153.6
133.2

4,015.2
59.0
75.1
2,125.0
204.7
124.0
155.3
135.4

180.5
4.1
2.2
78.1
13.8
6.4
7.5
6.3

Hawaii
Honolulu

585.0
421.1

592.9
425.9

589.0
424.7

595.7
429.2

Idaho
Boise City
Pocatello

636.4
210.6
39.4

663.3
223.2
41.1

636.6
210.8
39.4

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

6,111.6
81.9
90.4
4,081.3
184.0
57.7
51.6
181.7
194.1
105.4

6,141.2
83.1
91.9
4,111.5
185.2
57.2
51.6
181.0
193.0
104.5

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

3,106.2
62.3
94.8
157.9
267.4
303.6
832.5
51.3
90.6
62.7
135.9
72.4

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,569.2
106.7
248.5
49.1
63.6
64.6
68.2

See footnotes at end of table.




September

137

1998P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian laoor torce

Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
September

September

October

October
1997

September

October

1997

1998

1997

1998P

50.8
2.3
4.3
9.5

3.4
3.8
4.8
3.3

3.5
4.2
4.5
3.3

3.6
3.9
5.2
3.2

3.6
4.1
4.7
3.3

91.7
6.1
19.6
2.4

78.5
5.0
16.4
2.0

4.9
2.8
3.8
5.6

3.9
1.9
2.9
4.0

4.7
2.4
3.6
4.8

4.0
1.9
2.9
4.0

123.6
3.4
14.9
3.6
10.4
5.4
4.0
32.7
11.4

116.1
3.3
14.5
2.7
10.3
5.2
4.3
33.2
11.7

100.9
2.7
11.5
3.1
8.8
4.6
3.2
26.1
9.3

5.7
5.8
5.1
3.2
4.9
5.8
5.9
5.4
6.3

6.0
5.7
5.0
3.8
5.7
5.9
5.7
5.2
6.0

5.7
5.7
4.9
3.0
5.8
5.7
6.1
5.3
6.3

4.9
4.5
3.8
3.3
4.8
5.1
4.6
4.2
4.9

28.8
1.7
2.5
3.4

22.0
1.1
1.8
2.4

29.9
1.8
2.6
3.5

24.5
1.2
2.0
2.7

4.4
3.4
4.8
2.6

3.4
2.3
3.6
1.9

4.5
3.6
4.9
2.6

3.7
2.4
3.7
2.0

2,795.4
1,321.2
46.6
72.0

147.1
83.0
3.4
3.2

120.8
65.4
4.1
2.6

137.6
72.8
3.4
3.1

112.4
61.1
3.4
2.5

5.3
6.3
7.5
4.4

4.3
5.0
8.7
3.6

4.9
5.5
7.3
4.3

4.0
4.6
7.3
3.4

3,263.1
72.5
1,809.2
132.7
70.4
198.1
165.5
81.5
40.2
284.8
250.7

3,266.5
72.7
1,819.8
132.6
69.6
196.3
166.3
80.7
40.1
284.7
249.1

129.9
2.8
64.4
6.3
3.5
10.5
6.7
5.6
2.0
11.6
9.3

108.5
2.2
52.8
4.9
2.8
9.9
5.8
4.9
1.5
10.0
8.2

111.3
2.5
54.5
5.2
3.0
9.3
5.5
4.9
1.7
10.2
7.8

94.1
2.0
44.6
4.2
2.5
9.3
5.1
4.4
1.3
9.0
7.3

4.0
3.7
3.6
4.7
4.9
5.3
4.1
6.8
4.9
4.1
3.7

3.3
3.0
2.9
3.7
4.0
5.1
3.5
6.0
3.8
3.5
3.3

3.4
3.4
3.0
3.9
4.3
4.7
3.4
6.1
4.2
3.6
3.1

2.9
2.8
2.5
3.1
3.6
4.7
3.1
5.5
3.3
3.1
2.9

5,043.8
295.2
83.2
2,254.6
202.6
602.4
77.5
232.2
242.3
202.4

5,003.6
293.6
84.2
2,234.8
204.3
589.4
76.9
232.7
245.1
201.9

5,086.3
300.5
84.4
2,277.6
204.5
604.0
77.6
233.9
246.3
205.0

183.2
6.5
3.7
81.0
10.3
17.9
3.4
7.9
6.6
7.4

162.4
6.1
3.1
75.1
9.3
15.6
2.4
6.4
5.2
6.7

169.9
5.8
3.7
73.3
9.5
16.6
3.1
7.5
6.3
7.0

154.7
5.3
3.0
68.8
8.8
14.9
2.3
6.4
5.1
6.6

3.7
2.2
4.4
3.7
5.1
3.1
4.4
3.4
2.8
3.7

3.2
2.1
3.8
3.3
4.6
2.6
3.1
2.8
2.1
3.3

3.4
2.0
4.4
3.3
4.7
2.8
4.1
3.2
2.6
3.5

3.0
1.8
3.6
3.0
4.3
2.5
2.9
2.7
2.1
3.2

2,645.5
123.0
1,642.4
67.2
92.4

2,703.9
125.9
1,695.9
70.1
92.6

2,670.8
124.2
1,663.4
67.5
94.0

2,710.2
125.4
1,699.2
69.4
93.8

85.5
5.6
45.7
1.4
3.4

66.7
4.4
41.2
1.0
2.0

72.4
5.2
38.4
1.2
2.8

49.6
3.5
26.5
0.8
1.9

3.2
4.6
2.8
2.2
3.6

2.5
3.5
2.4
1.4
2.2

2.7
4.2
2.3
1.8
2.9

1.8
2.8
1.6
1.2
2.0

Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula
Hattiesburg
Jackson

1,266.4
160.1
51.9
223.5

1,277.6
163.0
51.6
230.6

1,274.7
161.8
52.4
225.8

1,281.4
164.5
51.9
232.2

74.6
8.0
1.7
8.5

65.7
6.6
1.9
7.8

69.6
7.6
1.6
8.0

60.5
6.5
1.6
7.7

5.9
5.0
3.3
3.8

5.1
4.0
3.7
3.4

5.5
4.7
3.1
3.6

4.7
4.0
3.1
3.3

Missouri
Columbia
Joplin
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

2,866.5
80.0
78.8
959.1
47.2
1,337.3
165.6

2,890.2
78.4
78.4
993.9
48.1
1,351.2
171.1

2,888.0
80.3
79.6
967.3
48.9
1,343.4
169.0

2,900.9
78.5
79.6
999.1
49.5
1,356.1
169.1

110.9
1.1
3.5
35.3
2.2
53.3
4.6

95.9
1.0
3.2
31.8
1.9
50.3
4.2

103.7
1.0
3.0
32.6
2.4
49.8
4.6

92.9
1.0
3.3
31.0
1.9
47.7
3.9

3.9
1.4
4.4
3.7
4.6
4.0
2.7

3.3
1.3
4.1
3.2
4.0
3.7
2.5

3.6
1.3
3.7
3.4
4.8
3.7
2.7

3.2
1.2
4.2
3.1
3.9
3.5
2.3

454.8
68.0
37.3

463.4
69.6
36.9

455.4
68.6
37.8

463.6
70.2
37.3

20.1
2.8
1.7

19.8
2.4
1.7

21.8
2.7
1.8

22.6
2.5
1.9

4.4
4.2
4.5

4.3
3.5
4.5

4.8
4.0
4.7

4.9
3.5
5.1

1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998P

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,366.6
52.3
88.5
275.9

1,413.0
54.3
90.2
286.0

1,388.0
54.2
89.7
279.6

1,431.1
56.4
91.2
290.3

46.9
2.0
4.3
9.1

49.5
2.3
4.1
9.3

49.3
2.1
4.7
9.0

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,930.5
255.5
552.3
49.8

1,940.0
259.3
563.8
50.1

1,932.1
258.1
551.5
49.4

1,941.6
262.2
560.9
49.9

94.7
7.2
20.8
2.8

76.2
4.8
16.4
2.0

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Laiayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

2,023.8
58.1
290.3
90.2
176.4
89.9
70.0
618.4
184.6

2,074.3
60.5
299.8
93.6
182.1
91.4
70.6
625.4
190.2

2,042.1
58.8
294.6
91.1
178.7
91.3
70.8
623.2
187.0

2,078.9
60.5
303.3
94.1
182.7
91.1
70.4
626.4
190.8

115.1
3.3
14.9
2.8
8.7
5.2
4.1
33.4
11.7

657.7
49.4
51.3
130.0

650.9
50.3
51.2
127.1

657.1
50.7
52.6
132.2

660.1
51.3
52.6
131.7

Maryland
Baltimore
Cumberland
Hagerstown

2,798.1
1,326.4
45.5
71.7

2,791.9
1,317.7
46.9
71.3

2,784.1
1,316.7
45.8
71.8

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,253.1
74.8
1,799.5
132.3
70.7
196.9
163.0
81.6
40.1
283.1
248.2

3,250.0
74.6
1,806.8
131.0
69.8
195.2
164.2
80.4
39.8
281.5
247.3

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,972.9
291.6
83.3
2,215.7
202.6
585.4
76.8
231.4
241.2
200.2

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Maine
Bangor
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland

Montana
Billings
Great Falls

See footnotes at end of table.




138

1998P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
September

1997

1998

September

October

1997

1998P

1997

1998

September

October

1997

1998P

October

1997

1998

1997

1998P

Nebraska ..
Lincoln ...
Omaha ...

904.8
140.0
384.2

924.1
144.7
397.4

916.1
142.2
389.7

935.4
145.3
404.4

20.0
2.7
9.3

16.9
1.9
7.4

19.1
2.6
8.4

19.5
2.2
8.3

2.2
1.9
2.4

1.8
1.3
1.9

2.1
1.8
2.2

2.1
1.5
2.0

Nevada
Las Vegas .
Reno

898.6
676.7
174.0

937.9
713.3
177.9

897.2
677.2
172.9

945.0
720.7
177.8

36.5
28.9
5.5

35.9
27.9
5.6

33.7
26.7
5.1

33.1
25.5
5.2

4.1
4.3
3.2

3.8
3.9
3.2

3.8
3.9
2.9

3.5
3.5
2.9

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

643.5
100.3
102.1
121.4

643.7
98.1
102.2
120.1

650.0
101.2
103.6
122.5

652.3
100.1
104.6
122.2

18.0
2.6
2.7
2.9

14.4
2.2
2.4
2.2

16.3
2.3
2.5
2.6

15.5
2.2
2.6
2.4

2.8
2.6
2.7
2.4

2.2
2.3
2.3
1.8

2.5
2.2
2.4
2.1

2.4
2.2
2.5
1.9

4,176.0
180.5
674.9
284.7
635.1
521.6
1,015.6
168.8
65.3

4,169.0
180.0
672.1
283.5
642.2
517.4
1,012.2
165.4
65.9

4,192.1
173.6
681.7
285.0
641.7
516.9
1,023.1
169.5
66.1

4,179.6
172.6
677.7
283.6
646.1
513.6
1,019.7
166.8
65.9

205.2
11.8
33.6
21.7
22.7
23.4
52.2
7.7
4.6

189.1
12.5
29.2
20.7
20.6
21.4
45.9
7.1
5.4

198.5
13.0
32.1
20.7
22.1
22.7
49.9
7.2
4.7

178.0
13.0
27.3
19.5
18.8
20.3
43.4
6.4
5.2

4.9
6.6
5.0
7.6
3.6
4.5
5.1
4.5
7.1

4.5
6.9
4.3
7.3
3.2
4.1
4.5
4.3
8.2

4.7
7.5
4.7
7.3
3.4
4.4
4.9
4.3
7.1

4.3
7.5
4.0
6.9
2.9
3.9
4.3
3.8
7.8

819.9
357.2
67.4
74.3

841.9
367.7
69.6
76.4

830.9
361.3
69.2
74.4

850.7
372.0
71.2
76.3

46.4
15.4
4.8
2.6

52.2
18.6
5.4
2.6

46.4
15.1
4.9
2.6

52.0
18.6
5.5
2.6

5.7
4.3
7.1
3.5

6.2
5.0
7.7
3.4

5.6
4.2
7.1
3.5

6.1
5.0
7.7
3.4

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy .
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,762.6
449.3
125.6
579.0
118.3
44.0
61.8
67.8
1,391.9
3,978.3
3,341.8
172.5
574.0
368.8
143.5

8,730.7
446.7
125.8
574.3
119.3
43.8
61.1
66.9
1,395.0
3,973.8
3,329.6
171.7
564.9
363.6
143.4

8,806.7
453.9
125.6
583.1
118.7
44.4
61.5
68.2
1,401.9
4,006.5
3,364.9
173.0
574.3
367.9
142.9

8,780.3
448.0
125.8
572.4
120.2
44.0
60.4
67.3
1,402.1
4,017.8
3,371.8
170.0
567.3
363.5
143.2

538.5
18.9
5.0
30.4
5.0
1.9
2.9
3.8
57.6
320.7
295.0
7.3
23.5
16.8
6.8

456.6
16.1
4.8
28.2
4.3
1.8
2.4
3.1
45.6
268.0
246.4
5.8
22.0
14.5
5.5

533.9
18.4
4.7
29.1
4.6
2.0
3.4
3.7
54.1
323.7
299.8
6.8
22.3
16.1
6.7

448.4
14.1
4.3
24.0
3.6
1.6
2.6
3.1
38.9
281.7
262.7
5.1
19.1
12.2
5.0

6.1
4.2
3.9
5.3
4.2
4.4
4.7
5.6
4.1
8.1
8.8
4.3
4.1
4.6
4.7

5.2
3.6
3.8
4.9
3.6
4.2
3.9
4.7
3.3
6.7
7.4
3.4
3.9
4.0
3.8

6.1
4.1
3.7
5.0
3.9
4.5
5.5
5.4
3.9
8.1
8.9
3.9
3.9
4.4
4.7

5.1
3.1
3.4
4.2
3.0
3.7
4.3
4.5
2.8
7.0
7.8
3.0
3.4
3.3
3.5

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point .
Greenville
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington

3,841.8
111.4
751.1
114.0
48.3
638.9
65.5
174.1
44.5
612.2
73.0
109.8

3,812.4
110.9
740.3
113.5
48.9
625.1
65.6
172.3
45.9
615.6
68.0
108.2

3,852.0
112.5
752.6
115.2
48.4
639.5
65.3
174.1
45.3
617.0
71.9
110.0

3,830.0
111.5
742.5
114.9
49.2
628.2
65.9
172.6
45.9
619.9
68.5
106.9

124.3
2.5
21.6
4.6
1.8
16.7
2.9
6.3
1.4
11.0
4.5
4.1

119.1
2.6
19.0
4.7
2.0
14.9
2.5
4.6
1.5
10.3
4.0
4.0

126.6
2.6
21.6
4.6
1.9
16.7
2.9
6.3
1.5
11.1
4.6
4.2

126.5
2.7
18.9
4.7
2.3
15.4
2.7
4.4
1.7
10.8
4.6
4.2

3.2
2.2
2.9
4.0
3.7
2.6
4.4
3.6
3.2
1.8
6.2
3.7

3.1
2.3
2.6
4.1
4.1
2.4
3.8
2.7
3.2
1.7
5.9
3.7

3.3
2.3
2.9
4.0
3.9
2.6
4.4
3.6
3.3
1.8
6.3
3.8

3.3
2.4
2.5
4.1
4.7
2.4
4.0
2.6
3.6
1.7
6.7
3.9

349.6
53.7
102.7
54.3

349.5
54.4
103.9
53.5

346.6
53.0
103.6
54.3

346.0
53.9
103.0
53.1

6.2
0.9
1.4
1.7

7.0
1.0
1.1
0.9

4.7
0.7
1.0
1.1

6.1
0.9
0.9
0.8

1.8
1.7
1.4
3.2

2.0
1.9
1.1
1.8

1.4
1.3
1.0
2.0

1.8
1.6
0.9
1.5

5,731.9
366.2
203.8
844.0
1,121.8
808.7
478.1
174.4
75.2
84.4
57.6
317.1
288.0

5,802.9
370.1
207.4
865.5
1,140.5
825.5
477.3
176.3
76.9
83.3
56.5
318.4
290.9

5,772.2
367.4
205.2
849.0
1,126.5
817.6
484.4
176.6
76.1
84.7
58.6
321.4
289.6

5,830.3
371.5
208.6
866.5
1,144.7
830.0
482.8
176.5
77.2
83.3
57.4
320.0
292.5

244.2
14.4
8.9
30.1
51.1
23.0
18.6
5.8
3.7
5.3
5.1
14.3
15.9

237.3
13.7

239.0
14.2
8.4
30.4
49.3
22.2
18.7
5.8
3.4
5.0
4.8
14.6
15.1

229.0
12.9
7.8
29.0
47.2
22.0
17.7
5.9
3.6
4.5
3.3
14.4
14.3

4.3
3.9
4.4
3.6
4.6
2.8
3.9
3.3
4.9
6.2
8.8
4.5
5.5

4.1
3.7
3.9
3.4
4.3
2.8
3.8
3.5
4.6
5.7
5.6
4.8
5.0

4.1
3.9
4.1
3.6
4.4
2.7
3.9
3.3
4.4
5.9
8.2
4.5
5.2

3.9
3.5
3.8
3.3
4.1
2.7
3.7
3.3
4.7
5.4
5.7
4.5
4.9

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ...
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque .
Las Cruces ...
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

See footnotes at end of table.




139

8.1
29.7
49.6
23.0
18.1
6.2
3.6
4.7
3.2
15.2
14.6

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian laoor torce

Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
September

September

October

1997

October

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998P

69.4
1.0
1.9
18.3
14.0

3.9
3.3
4.9
3.2
3.3

4.2
3.5
4.8
3.5
3.2

3.8
3.1
5.0
3.2
3.2

4.2
3.5
4.7
3.4
3.3

85.3
7.9
5.0
39.6
7.8

89.7
8.0
5.2
44.6
8.1

5.0
5.0
6.0
4.0
4.7

5.0
5.0
5.7
4.3
4.6

4.8
4.9
5.6
3.8
4.7

5.0
4.9
5.7
4.2
4.8

255.0
14.0
2.9
6.3
9.5
5.5
6.8
108.7
46.5
7.6
16.5
2.2
1.6
2.9
6.9

269.2
14.1
3.1
6.7
10.3
6.6
6.9
112.9
46.6
7.0
19.6
2.0
1.6
3.6
6.6

248.3
13.7
2.7
6.0
9.4
5.3
6.5
101.8
46.3
7.3
16.5
2.0
1.6
2.6
6.5

4.9
4.8
5.1
5.2
3.1
6.4
3.1
5.0
4.5
4.1
6.6
4.2
2.5
5.8
3.7

4.3
4.6
4.6
4.6
2.7
5.3
2.7
4.4
4.1
4.1
5.3
3.8
2.4
5.0
3.6

4.5
4.5
4.8
4.8
2.9
6.3
2.8
4.5
4.0
3.7
6.2
3.6
2.3
6.2
3.3

4.2
4.5
4.2
4.3
2.7
5.2
2.6
4.1
4.1
3.9
5.3
3.6
2.4
4.6
3.4

26.0
30.8

24.2
27.5

25.9
29.8

25.8
28.2

5.1
5.3

4.8
4.8

5.1
5.1

5.1
4.9

1,944.9
265.6
279.3
62.9
495.9
100.3
47.1

81.7
9.2
7.1
3.5
14.1
3.0
2.4

66.6
7.2
5.4
2.6
12.9
2.5
2.0

73.0
8.2
6.2
2.9
12.5
3.4
2.2

74.4
7.7
5.7
2.9
14.4
3.3
2.3

4.2
3.6
2.6
5.5
2.9
3.0
5.2

3.4
2.7
1.9
4.1
2.6
2.5
4.3

3.8
3.2
2.3
4.6
2.6
3.5
4.7

3.8
2.9
2.0
4.6
2.9
3.3
4.9

394.5
46.0
98.8

402.6
47.1
104.4

9.7
1.1
1.6

7.8
0.8
1.3

9.0
1.2
1.4

8.0
0.9
1.3

2.5
2.4
1.7

1.9
1.8
1.3

2.3
2.5
1.5

2.0
1.9
1.2

2,805.1
227.8
84.3
57.2
232.8
348.1
555.3
648.5

2,759.4
226.6
82.2
56.4
231.3
342.1
543.2
634.0

2,812.0
228.8
84.1
57.5
232.8
348.9
557.4
651.6

141.4
10.6
3.9
2.4
11.1
11.9
25.6
23.0

109.4
8.1
3.1
1.9
8.8
11.6
22.2
16.8

135.3
10.5
4.0
2.2
10.7
12.3
25.8
21.6

106.5
7.8
3.0
1.8
9.0
11.5
18.4
17.8

5.2
4.7
4.9
4.2
4.9
3.5
4.8
3.7

3.9
3.5
3.7
3.2
3.8
3.3
4.0
2.6

4.9
4.6
4.9
4.0
4.6
3.6
4.7
3.4

3.8
3.4
3.6
3.2
3.9
3.3
3.3
2.7

10,198.9
62.3
113.1
680.2
184.4
107.4
128.2
72.6
178.8
1,890.7
301.0
878.3
125.8
2,119.6
117.3
71.3
106.1
125.3
192.1
129.0
52.7
773.6
51.5

9,960.4
60.4
110.6
660.8
181.4
105.8
125.7
73.0
176.4
1,841.5
294.7
853.4
125.2
2,069.9
114.3
70.1
104.1
124.1
187.7
124.8
51.4
751.1
50.2

10,239.7
62.6
113.3
684.5
184.1
106.7
128.3
74.3
178.3
1,901.9
301.1
881.8
125.6
2,121.3
117.7
71.9
106.4
126.7
193.4
129.6
53.1
775.5
51.9

514.1
2.2
4.2
20.1
14.0
7.5
14.7
1.4
13.0
68.5
32.6
30.6
9.8
100.4
5.9
6.7
7.5
4.4
32.2
5.9
1.7
30.8
2.2

507.3
2.4
4.4
19.3
14.3
6.9
16.2
1.2
13.1
62.2
32.0
29.7
8.4
87.8
5.2
7.0
8.4
3.8
34.5
8.0
2.8
29.4
3.0

479.9
2.0
3.7
18.5
13.4
6.7
14.5
1.3
11.6
62.7
32.0
27.6
9.0
91.5
5.5
6.1
7.1
4.2
30.2
5.3
1.6
28.2
1.9

467.8
2.2
3.6
17.4
13.1
5.9
14.8
1.3
12.0
57.8
30.0
27.1
7.7
81.7
4.7
6.6
7.7
3.3
31.5
7.6
2.8
25.9
2.8

5.2
3.7
3.8
3.1
7.7
7.1
11.8
2.0
7.4
3.7
11.1
3.6
7.9
4.9
5.1
9.6
7.2
3.6
17.3
4.7
3.4
4.1
4.4

5.0
3.8
3.9
2.8
7.8
6.4
12.6
1.7
7.4
3.3
10.6
3.4
6.7
4.1
4.4
9.8
7.9
3.0
18.0
6.2
5.3
3.8
5.8

4.8
3.4
3.3
2.8
7.4
6.4
11.6
1.7
6.6
3.4
10.9
3.2
7.2
4.4
4.8
8.8
6.8
3.4
16.1
4.3
3.0
3.8
3.8

4.6
3.5
3.2
2.5
7.1
5.6
11.5
1.7
6.7
3.0
10.0
3.1
6.1
3.9
4.0
9.2
7.2
2.6
16.3
5.9
5.3
3.3
5.4

1998

1997

1998P

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,599.4
28.1
40.3
529.0
402.0

1,630.1
28.4
41.0
538.0
413.4

1,614.9
28.5
40.7
534.0
406.3

1,648.0
29.0
41.2
544.6
419.2

62.8
0.9
2.0
17.1
13.3

68.9
1.0
2.0
18.9
13.4

62.0
0.9
2.0
17.1
13.1

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,758.0
158.1
89.1
1,034.2
169.4

1,793.9
161.4
90.9
1,059.0
172.0

1,764.7
161.4
88.5
1,042.1
167.9

1,803.8
163.1
91.5
1,070.0
170.1

87.8
7.8
5.4
41.4
8.0

89.7
8.1
5.2
45.7
8.0

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,980.9
309.5
63.4
140.6
350.9
105.0
246.8
2,489.3
1,150.5
186.0
312.3
57.0
67.7
58.1
195.8

5,944.4
303.4
63.3
138.8
350.4
103.3
247.0
2,489.0
1,136.8
184.1
310.2
56.6
68.6
57.5
193.6

6,006.1
311.3
63.3
140.9
352.1
105.1
247.9
2,502.8
1,155.5
187.5
314.4
56.7
69.1
58.8
195.8

5,958.3
306.0
63.7
139.1
350.4
103.6
247.2
2,498.6
1,140.9
184.5
312.2
56.6
69.0
57.6
192.9

293.4
14.9
3.3
7.4
10.9
6.7
7.6
124.0
52.2
7.6
20.7
2.4
1.7
3.3
7.3

510.1
580.5

505.5
572.9

511.5
583.3

505.7
575.6

1,924.0
255.5
271.7
63.9
485.1
99.9
47.1

1,938.7
264.8
278.2
62.5
494.5
100.8
46.8

1,908.2
253.9
270.6
63.0
483.2
97.3
46.7

392.9
45.9
97.4

399.9
46.6
102.4

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,736.0
224.1
81.0
56.0
229.0
339.8
538.4
628.7

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison

9,907.1
59.9
110.1
657.1
181.4
105.8
124.9
71.9
176.9
1,829.2
292.8
851.6
124.7
2,062.9
113.8
69.8
103.4
122.1
185.8
123.8
51.3
745.6
49.9

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Florence
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
Myrtle Beach
Sumter
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

See footnotes at end of table.




1998P

October

1997

1997

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

September

140

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
September

1997
Texas—Continued
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

1998

September

October
1997

1998P

1997

September

October

1998

1997

1998P

October

1997

1998

1997

1998P

56.8
88.4
43.3
101.0
65.1

58.1
91.4
44.7
102.5
67.0

56.7
89.9
43.4
101.6
65.4

58.1
92.2
44.9
103.2
66.9

4.0
5.4
1.9
4.8
2.7

4.1
4.7
2.1
4.2
3.2

3.6
7.8
1.8
4.3
2.6

3.7
4.5
1.9
3.8
2.8

7.0
6.2
4.5
4.7
4.2

7.1
5.1
4.6
4.0
4.8

6.3
8.6
4.0
4.2
3.9

6.4
4.9
4.2
3.6
4.2

1,059.1
158.5
680.4

1,093.6
163.6
703.1

1,065.0
159.4
685.8

1,099.5
163.8
708.3

30.7
3.7
19.6

34.9
4.2
22.1

31.7
3.9
20.3

34.8
4.6
21.8

2.9
2.3
2.9

3.2
2.6
3.1

3.0
2.4
3.0

3.2
2.8
3.1

329.5
99.5

334.2
101.6

331.9
100.4

334.4
102.2

11.0
2.4

9.2
2.2

11.2
2.4

9.4
2.1

3.3
2.4

2.8
2.1

3.4
2.4

2.8
2.0

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,428.5
71.7
56.9
101.1
729.8
498.2
126.5

3,571.9
76.8
58.8
103.2
751.2
519.0
127.8

3,446.8
73.4
56.8
101.8
729.4
501.9
126.4

3,561.0
78.4
59.0
103.6
747.5
517.3
127.8

133.8
1.5
3.6
3.8
35.7
18.4
4.4

113.7
1.2
3.3
2.7
29.3
15.9
3.2

118.5
1.3
3.1
3.1
30.7
16.2
3.5

104.3
1.1
3.1
2.4
26.3
15.0
2.7

3.9
2.1
6.3
3.7
4.9
3.7
3.4

3.2
1.5
5.7
2.6
3.9
3.1
2.5

3.4
1.8
5.4
3.1
4.2
3.2
2.7

2.9
1.4
5.3
2.3
3.5
2.9
2.1

Washington
Bellingham
Bremerton
Olympia
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima

2,984.2
77.4
91.1
95.4
93.6
1,335.5
204.9
323.6
122.2

3,039.2
78.2
90.0
97.5
95.2
1,374.0
202.1
332.3
122.2

3,024.9
79.7
92.8
97.3
93.3
1,352.8
209.1
325.7
125.2

3,100.0
81.4
92.4
100.1
95.9
1,396.8
209.1
336.2
126.2

114.7
3.9
4.4
4.4
5.3
38.7
7.3
12.7
7.7

132.1
4.2
4.7
4.6
5.9
42.8
8.5
14.7
9.0

124.6
4.2
5.1
5.0
5.5
41.3
7.9
14.4
8.0

139.0
4.4
4.8
5.0
6.2
43.6
11.3
15.5
8.9

3.8
5.1
4.8
4.6
5.7
2.9
3.6
3.9
6.3

4.3
5.3
5.2
4.7
6.2
3.1
4.2
4.4
7.4

4.1
5.3
5.5
5.1
5.9
3.1
3.8
4.4
6.4

4.5
5.3
5.2
5.0
6.5
3.1
5.4
4.6
7.1

800.9
130.8
137.2
77.3
73.1

802.2
133.5
135.8
78.2
73.9

800.6
130.1
138.5
77.2
73.7

805.7
133.1
136.3
78.0
74.4

47.1
5.8
8.9
3.8
3.6

45.0
5.2
7.8
4.5
3.1

47.3
5.6
9.5
3.7
3.4

47.2
5.7
7.5
4.2
3.1

5.9
4.4
6.5
4.9
4.9

5.6
3.9
5.8
5.7
4.2

5.9
4.3
6.9
4.8
4.7

5.9
4.3
5.5
5.3
4.1

2,932.9
221.7
82.1
131.2
79.6
77.4
70.5
256.4
805.2
94.2
60.8
72.7

2,961.8
225.5
83.4
131.2
78.5
80.5
70.5
262.8
819.7
95.9
60.3
72.8

2,937.3
223.5
83.1
131.8
80.1
77.6
71.7
258.8
806.1
94.5
60.4
72.8

2,965.8
225.4
84.3
131.7
79.3
80.5
71.6
264.8
820.3
95.8
59.8
73.0

89.5
5.6
2.2
3.7
2.8
2.4
1.6
3.8
27.6
3.6
1.4
1.9

79.9
4.9
1.9
3.0
2.6
2.2
1.5
3.4
25.3
3.3
1.3
1.8

85.7
5.7
2.0
3.5
2.7
2.3
1.6
3.6
25.9
3.3
1.3
2.0

84.7
5.2
2.0
3.1
2.7
2.3
1.7
3.5
26.3
3.4
1.3
1.9

3.1
2.5
2.7
2.9
3.6
3.1
2.3
1.5
3.4
3.8
2.3
2.6

2.7
2.2
2.3
2.3
3.3
2.7
2.1
1.3
3.1
3.4
2.1
2.5

2.9
2.6
2.4
2.7
3.4
3.0
2.2
1.4
3.2
3.5
2.2
2.7

2.9
2.3
2.4
2.4
3.4
2.8
2.3
1.3
3.2
3.6
2.1
2.6

250.8
31.7
37.2

258.3
33.4
39.1

253.1
32.4
38.1

259.5
34.0
39.6

9.8
1.6
1.1

9.4
1.5
1.1

10.0
1.6
1.2

10.4
1.7
1.2

3.9
4.9
3.1

3.6
4.4
2.7

4.0
4.9
3.2

4.0
5.0
2.9

1,320.0
51.8
53.9
117.4
93.7
112.6
712.7

1,305.8
50.7
52.6
116.7
92.4
110.8
712.4

1,314.7
52.0
53.5
118.1
93.7
112.0
711.2

1,268.6
49.3
51.1
114.0
89.2
107.8
693.9

178.3
9.9
8.2
14.3
14.8
19.4
78.4

180.6
9.8
8.2
15.0
14.9
18.4
81.2

179.1
10.2
8.1
14.2
17.6
19.6
77.4

179.3
9.6
8.3
16.0
14.3
18.4
81.9

13.5
19.1
15.2
12.2
15.8
17.2
11.0

13.8
19.4
15.5
12.9
16.1
16.6
11.4

13.6
19.5
15.1
12.0
18.8
17.5
10.9

14.1
19.4
16.2
14.1
16.0
17.1
11.8

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Burlington

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Cheyenne
Puerto Rico
Aguadilla
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be revised




when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

141




Need information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics?
You can get it now on the WEB.
Here are the Bureau's addresses.
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Division of Information Services
BLS Regional Offices

http://stats.bls.gov
http://stats.bls.gov/opbinfo.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/regnhome.htm

Employment and Unemployment:
National establishment data
State and area establsihment data
National labor force data
Region, State, and metropolitan area
labor force data
Longitudinal research
Covered employment and wages
Occupational employment statistics
Mass layoff statistics

http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/nlshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cewhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/oeshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm

Prices and Living Conditions:
Consumer price indexes
Producer price indexes
Consumer Expenditure Survey

http://stats.bls.gov/cpihome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ppihome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/csxhome.htm

Compensation and Working Conditions:
National Compensation Survey
Collective bargaining
Employment cost trends
Employee Benefits Survey
Occupational Compensation Survey
Occupational injuries and illnesses

http://stats.bls.gov/comhome.htm
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http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ebshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ocshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/oshhome.htm

Productivity:
Quarterly labor productivity
Industry productivity
Federal Government productivity
Multifactor productivity

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http://stats.bls.gov/iprhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/gprhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/mprhome.htm

Employment Projections

http://stats.bls.gov/emphome.htm

International data:
Foreign labor statistics
U.S. import and export price indexes
Foreign direct investment

http://stats.bls.gov/flshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ipphome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/fdihome.htm

http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cpshome.htm

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Introduction
information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the
two data series are as follows.

The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample of
about 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996 data)
located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to represent all counties and independent cities in the U.S., with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment,
hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports from
a sample of about 390,000 establishments employing about
48 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who receive pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month.

Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once. In the figures
based on establishment reports, persons who worked in more
than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are obtained only from the household survey,
whereas detailed industrial classifications are much more
reliably derived from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other because of variations in definitions and coverage, source of




Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all
workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the pay143

roll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.

ment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the
Monthly Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.

Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business. Bureau of the
Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the
Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial classification of establishments; and different reporting patterns
by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the
scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and
financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA WITH
OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemploy-




County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and churches, are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.

144

Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)

Each employed person is counted only once, even if he
or she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.

COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of the Census
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference
week." Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week, referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not at
home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons.
This represents a noninterview rate for the survey that ranges
between 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000 occupied
units, there are about 9,000 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample is changed each
month. The rotation plan, as will be explained later, provides
for three-fourths of the sample to be common from one month
to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month
a year earlier.

Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: (\)Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs,
who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the
labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New
entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a proportion
of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four rates
thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
(For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers" and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined into a
single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed
for the separate categories.)

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions
(e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and
who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers
in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b)
all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of
vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity
or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training,
or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they
were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.




145

Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.

The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the
following categories: Private and government wage and
salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class
of worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond
that their businesses are incorporated are included among
wage and salary workers, because technically, they are
paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers
are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week
or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member
of the household to whom they are related by birth or
marriage.
Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held
a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. Excluded are self-employed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.

Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.

Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off
on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even though they were paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the published
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each
job and for usual hours.

Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons
in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither
employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on their
desire for and availability to take a job at the time of the
CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and reason for not looking in the 4-week period prior to the survey
week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined as
persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.

At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, this category refers to
individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to
34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand.
Those who usually work part time must also indicate that
they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons.
At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.

Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information for the employed applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours.
The unemployed are classified according to their last job.
The occupational and industrial classification of CPS data
is based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.




146

half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding all selfemployed persons regardless of whether or not their
business's were incorporated) who usually work full time
on their sole or primary job.

Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context, full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work
less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the
number of hours worked in the reference week. This may
include some individuals who actually worked more than
34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who are
temporarily absent from work. The full-time labor force includes all employed persons who usually work full time and
unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time
work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time
labor force consists of employed persons who usually work
part time and unemployed persons who are seeking or are
on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for fulland part-time workers are calculated using the concepts of
the/w//-and part-time labor force.

Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living
apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on
duty with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in
families maintained by either men or women without a
spouse.

White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data
for "other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic
origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black
population groups.

Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is
one in which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent.

Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons who
never served in the Armed Forces.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY

Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than




Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:
• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with

147

the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization.

d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.

• In 1953, the current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The
new system provided some year-to-year overlap in the
sample, thereby improving measurement over time.

e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.
f) New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.

• In 1955, the survey reference week was changed to the
calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.

• In 1994, major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major
changes to the survey were:

• In 1957, the employment definition was modified slightly
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they
were waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30
days of interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the
unemployed classification. The only exception was the small
subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to
start new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.

a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant
information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.

• In 1967, more substantive changes were made as a
result of the recommendations of the President's Committee to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics
(the Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were
as follows:

b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the
definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currently looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none
for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a
job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
during the reference week (a direct question on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definition of discouraged workers was too subjective,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior testing of the labor market.

a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job search
methods.
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until June or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.

c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part
time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually
work part time: They must want and be available for fulltime work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Per-

c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.




148

which affected the white and black-and-other groups but
had little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a
lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,
and the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000.
Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.

sons who usually work full time but worked part time for an
economic reason during the reference week are assumed to
meet these criteria.)
d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff.
To be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must expect to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.

• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional
population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but
had little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years
and over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February
1974 issue of this publication.

e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the
refugees increased the black-and-other population by less
than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes
being confined to the "other" component of the population.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions,
and methods made over the years, other changes have also
affected the comparability of the labor force data.

• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in
January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.
• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.

• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by
interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that
the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.

• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000; unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.

• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind

• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,




149

the change and an indication of the differences appear in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.

force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,
respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes
and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used also is described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.

• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.
• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, were
introduced into the second stage estimation procedure. This
change resulted in substantial increases in total population
and in all major labor force categories. Effective February
1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for
1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1
million, employment by about 880,000, and unemployment
by approximately 175,000. The overall unemployment rate
rose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March
1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.

• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.
• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue
of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight
effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were
revised back to January 1980.

• Beginning in January 1997, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect updated information on the demographic characteristics of immigrants to, and emigrants from, the United
States. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was raised by about 470,000. The labor
force and employment levels were increased by about
320,000, and 290,000, respectively. The Hispanic-origin
population and labor force estimates were raised by about
450,000 and 250,000 respectively, and Hispanic employment by 325,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation were
not affected. An explanation of the changes and their effect
on national labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in
the February 1997 issue of this publication.
Effective with data for January 1998, new composite estimation procedures and minor revisions in the population
controls were introduced into the household survey. The
new composite estimation procedures simplify processing
of the monthly labor force data at BLS, allow users of the

• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the
total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised
by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by
about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor




150

comparability than did the new occupational system. The
most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale"
trade, postal service from "public administration" to "transportation," and some interchange between "professional and
related services" and "public administration." Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and industrial
classification systems appears in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based
on the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between
the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within
the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.
The most notable changes in industry classification were the
shift of several industries from "business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into
smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titles
were changed as well, with no change in content.

survey microdata to replicate more easily the official estimates released by BLS, and increase the reliability of the
employment and labor force estimates. The new procedures
also produce somewhat lower estimates of the civilian labor
force and employment and slightly higher estimates of
unemployment. For example, based on 1997 annual average data, using old and new composite weights, the differences were as follows: Civilian labor force (-229,000),
total employed (-256,000), and total unemployed (+27,000).
Unemployment rates were not significantly affected.
The population controls used in the survey were revised
to reflect new estimates of legal immigration to the U.S.
and a change in the method for projecting the emigration of
foreign-born legal residents. As a result, the Hispanic-origin population was raised by about 57,000; however, the
total civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over
was essentially unchanged. More detailed information on
these changes and their effect on the estimates of labor force
change and composition appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998," in the February 1998 issue of this publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational
employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to major
activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational
classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the
new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical




Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made in order to improve the efficiency
of the sample design, increase the reliability of the sample
estimates, or control cost.
Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: When
Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,
respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing
sample to account for the population of these States. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's),
which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new Statebased CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was
implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the
8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned CPS
sample based on the 1990 decennial census was selected for
use during the 1990's. Households from this new sample
151

were phased into the CPS between April 1994 and July 1995.
The July 1995 sample was the first monthly sample based
entirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the
1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the Sample for the
Current Population Survey" in the May 1994 issue of this
publication.
The original 1990 census-based sample design included
about 66,000 housing units per month located in 792
selected geographic areas called primary sampling units
(PSU's). The sample was initially selected to meet specific
reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of
New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability criteria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,
given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)
of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the
standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate,
expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a
6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
The current sample design, introduced in January 1996,
includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areas and
maintains a 1.9-percent CV on national monthly estimates of
unemployment level. This translates into a change of 0.2 percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant at a
90-percent confidence level. For each of the fifty States and
for the District of Columbia, the design maintains a CV of at
most 8-percent on the annual average estimate of unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate. Due to
the national reliability criterion, estimates for several large
States are substantially more reliable than the State design
criterion requires. Annual average unemployment estimates
for California, Florida, New York, and Texas, for example,
carry a CV of less than 4 percent.
In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters
composed of about four housing units each are selected. Each
month, about 59,000 housing units are assigned for data
collection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing
persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere, or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units, about
6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted
to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to
cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is
obtained each month for about 94,000 persons 16 years of
age or older.

ties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSU's. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an
individual county is too large. Combining counties to form
PSU's provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes
urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed
without undue travel cost.
The 2,007 PSU's are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSU's in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally
the most populous PSU's in each State. The 326 remaining
strata are formed by combining PSU's that are similar in
such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons employed in various industries, and average monthly wages
for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected
from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it
represents not only itself but the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a population of 50,000 would be selected for the sample is twice
that for a PSU having a population of 25,000.
Selection of sample households. Because the sample design is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and
depends on State population size as well as both national
and State reliability requirements. The State sampling ratios range roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in
every 3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is
modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively
constant given the overall growth of the population. The
sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the
probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio
for the State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in 10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,000, a withinPSU sampling ratio of 1 in 300 achieves the desired ratio of
1 in 3,000 for the stratum.
The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed using block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 census was the first decennial census that produced data at the
block level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocks
are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, Minor Civil
Division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and be
quite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be several
square miles in size.

Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSU's). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous coun-




152

in the CPS to represent housing units built after the decennial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sample
up-to-date and representative of the population. It also helps
to keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,
the addition of newly built housing units compensates for
the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use.

For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks were
grouped into three strata: Unit, group quarters, and area.
(Occasionally, units within a block were split between the
unit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum contained
regular housing units with addresses that were easy to locate (e.g. most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobil homes). The group
quarters stratum contained housing units where residents
shared common facilities or received formal or authorized
care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks
with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks
exist primarily in rural areas.
To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to
ensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blocks
within the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sorted
using geographic and block-level data from the census.
Examples of the census variables used for sorting include
proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sorting variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)
and stratum.
Within each block, housing units were sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.
A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected
independently from each stratum using the appropriate withinPSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sample
units reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate the particular sample addresses in the group quarters and area blocks.
Units in the three strata described above all existed at the
time of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of additional procedures, a sample of building permits is included

Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group
is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,
one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month,
and so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is
common from month to month and 50 percent from year to
year for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of change
and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without
burdening any specific group of households with an unduly
long period of inquiry.
CPS sample, 1947 to present.
Table 1-A provides a
description of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in
use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of
the CPS sample design appears in The Current Population
Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40,
Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in
Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the 1990 census-based sample design appears in
"Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May 1994 issue of this publication.

Table 1-A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present
Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
April 1989toOct. 19943
Nov. 1994 to Aug. 1995 4
Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995
Jan. 1996 to present

Households eligible

Number of sample
areas

Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400
54,500
52,900
46,800

68
230
1
330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
792
792
754

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.




Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600
3,500
3,400
3,200

Households visited
but not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800
10,000
9,700
9,000

3
The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
4
Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia
that were gradually phased in during the 10-month period, October 1994August 1995.

153

ESTIMATING METHODS

that are not self-representing and for those States that have
a substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1990 census between 1) the race distribution
of the population in sample PSU's and 2) the race distribution of all PSU's (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing
PSU's).

Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the same
State have had the same probability of selection. Some selection probabilities may differ within a State due to the
sample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,
for example, which is carried out when areas selected for
the sample are found to contain many more households than
expected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ for
some sample areas within a State. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities
are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;
data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.

b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1)51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,
2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.

1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to account for occupied sample
households for which no information was obtained because
of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas
that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.
Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is
split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each
non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence
categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,
vacation, etc.

The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident
population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates of net census undercount, determined from the Post
Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on
earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census
undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to
make population projections is given in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the
sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of
these population characteristics. This is accomplished
through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:

3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to
account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample
estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by
unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth
months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates
obtained for the other months.

a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSU's rather
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSU's




154

varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates
From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census population (adjusted for census undercount). It is known that
the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men
than for women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other
races than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent agesex-race-origin population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy
and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of errors and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.

The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the
totals shown in the same tables because of independent
rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand.
Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation
plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates




Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a
given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample
estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that
include the true population value with known probabilities.
If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard
error calculated for each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the true population value.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two
155

Table 1-B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)

standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors
for all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. It is important to
keep in mind that standard errors computed from these methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some
kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise
value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errors
for years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated by
adjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.

Consecutivemonth change

293
312
145

216
235
161

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

194
206
97

164
174
113

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

219
224
91

165
171
105

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

97
96
62

95
95
81

138
140
66

101
105
76

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

78
71
43

69
72
50

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed

98
97
44

73
74
51

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed

40
35
32

42
37
37

130
134
63

91
107
73

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standard
errors by 0.96.
2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standard
errors by 1.17.
3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errors
by 1.44.
More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPS
data may be found in previous issues of this publication.
Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are
calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of
the monthly estimates.
Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1 -F and 1 -G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.




Monthly
level

Category

156

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian laborforce
Employed
Unemployed

Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard
errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quarterly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes
of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1 -E, 1 -G, and 1 -H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.

Table 1-C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 219,000 is given in table 1-B in the
row, "Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, as
shown by these data, would then be the interval from
53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true labor
force level lies within this interval would be correct for
roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.

Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level
0.11
.15
.14
.16
.16
.74
.11
.45
.50
.15
.18
.54

0.13
.18
.17
.19
.19
.97
.13
.53
.59
.18
.22
.64

.20
.20
.45
.30
.25
1.75
.67

.24
.23
.54
.36
.30
2.08
.80

.38
.34

.45
.40

.49
.55

.58
.66

.73
.73

.87
.87

.13
.25
1.39
.68
.26
.32
.42
.15

.15
.30
1.65
.81
.31
.38
.50
.18

.42
.27
.19
.21
1.18

.50
.32
.23
.25
1.40

Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1 -F and 1 -G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support

Sales
Administrative support, including clerical..
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective service
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months
the estimated number of employed persons changed from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level of
the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the table
1 -E column titled "Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment, Total," it is necessary to
find the standard errors corresponding to the two monthly
level entries between which the value 116,150,000 lies. The
standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given as
274,000, and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolation
to find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

246,000

}

Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
698,000 to 1,502,000.

Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These table provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in
levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1E or tables 1-Fand 1-G.




-116,150,000
K
[\ 20,000,000-100,000,000

Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.

157

Table 1-D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000...
2,000 ...
4,000 ...
6,000 ...
8,000 ...
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000

12
18
41
62
96
157
216
273
330

Black

13
18
39
55
76

Total or
white

12
17
38
54
76
107
131
150
167
201
228

Black

Hispanic
origin

Total

White

13
18
39
54
74
96
106
108
101

13
19
42
59
82
113

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
151
168
202
229
271
302
324
340
350
354
349
322
267

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
150
167
201
227
267
296
315
327
333
333
313
264
159

Black

13
18
39
55
76
103
120
131
137
137
113

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000....
2,000 ....
4,000 ....
6,000 ....
8,000 ....
10,000 ..
15,000 ..
20,000 ..
30,000 ..
40,000 ..
50,000 ..
60,000 ..
70,000 ..
80,000 ..
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000




14
19
43
59
78
95
94
73

Black

12
17
37
52
72

Total or
white

14
20
46
64
89
124
148
166
180
204
215

Black

Hispanic
origin

16
22
50
69
95
127

15
21
46
63
84
104
106
92
47

158

Total

White

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

Black

10
15
33
45
62
84
97
104
108
100
58

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
12
17
37
51
70
93
105
110
110
79

10
14
31
43
59
78
89
94
95
76

Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed full
time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however,
are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in table
1 -G, the parameters in table 1 -G should be selected from
the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows not
specifying correlation.
Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, s x , of an estimated monthly level, x, can be obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the parameters from table 1-F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate
the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change
in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive
months and use the parameters from table 1 -G.

Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor force
(x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters
from table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white"). Use the
formula to compute an approximate standard error on the
estimate of 6,000,000.

2529.99
(32X100-32) = 1.0 percent
>,600,000

b = 2957.13
Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b = 2690.59 from table 1-G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Total or white, Women: Low
correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as follows.

2

Sx = 7(-0.000017962)(6,000,000) + (2957.13 )(6,000,000) =131,000

Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-G ("Unemployment: Total or white, Total, men, women"). Use the formula
to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated
change of 200,000.
a = -0.000093662
Sx

=> /-(0.000093662X6,100,000)

b = 4191.84
2

s

+(4191.84)(6,100,000) = 149,000

»

It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.

An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from




Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons,
or the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1 -F or \ -G relevant to the
numerator. The approximate standard error, s p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the following formula, where y is the estimated number of persons in the base.

Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2529.99 from table 1 -F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:

s x = V ax 2 + bx

a = -0.000017962

-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result can
also be expressed by saying that the apparent change of
200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence level.

159

Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels

or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly or
yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in
monthly estimates. Table l-H gives factors that can be used
to convert standard errors for monthly levels into standard
errors for other time periods and changes over time. Follow these three basic steps:

Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total1
Meni
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-0.000017682
-.000032770
-.000029553
-.000171805

2985.26
2764.05
2529.99
2544.62

White1
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ..

-.000020028
-.000036840
-.000033710
-.000204195

2984.72
2766.67
2526.82
2549.88

Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ..

-.000125300
-.000302096
-.000182509
-.001294516

3139.26
2930.79
2637.41
2949.48

Hispanic origin

-.000206380

3895.71

Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding women and 16-to19 year olds

.000005931

828.79

Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.
Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1D or 1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.
Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or
on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2
by the appropriate factor from table 1 -H.

Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19years

.000782035
.000858136

3048.57
2825.09

-.000024885

2582.39

Black

-.000134884

3154.76

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19years

Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired for a
quarterly average of black employment levels and for the
change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For each
successive month of the first quarter, suppose the levels are
observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and 11,700,000.
Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.

.011857446

2894.85

.015736341

1702.50

-.000017962
-.000212109
-.000101820

2957.13
3149.77
3576.47

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use the
formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.

Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin

a = -0.000125300
1

b = 3139.26

Excludes not-in-labor-force data.

S x = ^(-0.000125300 )(l l,6OO,OOO)2 +(3139.26 )(11,600,000) = 140,000

If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed women;
thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would
have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have been
applied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Both
sexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it is
not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to
choose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives a
more conservative estimate of standard error.

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1 -H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.
Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.

Use of table l-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, or
1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly




Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.

160

Table 1-G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics1
Low correlation characteristics1

-0.000012482
-.000009288
-.000016162

2001.12
1564.84
2550.56

Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000022599
-.000016814
-.000058387

1921.13
1500.99
2668.56

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000021229
-.000059785

1689.99
2690.59

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000186555

2616.54

Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000098960
-.001928030

2147.36
6513.82

Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000234427
-.002881467

2280.03
5829.60

-.000156363
-.002311407
-.001288452

1860.78
5420.13
3131.77

-.000157201
-.000102898
-.002624078
-.000248038

2774.53
1930.51
8620.43
2347.42

-.000398909
-.000338741

3615.62
2569.69

Total or white:
Total
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000395757
-.000672985
.000130289

3838.04
3959.25
2367.00

Black:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000122355
-.019110769

2861.72
5876.77

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

.002872129
.002884390

4640.81
4028.10

-.000245791

2091.57

Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics...

-.000093662
-.000071624

4191.84
5121.75

Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics

-.000414217
.000048170

4361.16
3088.91

Hispanic origin:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics...

-.000252897
-.000996431

5054.25
7037.75

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Hispanic origin:
Total
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over; 20 years and over; and both sexes,
16to 19 years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:

Self-employed
2

Unemployment:

1
High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics
include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid
family workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.




2
High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers;
manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.

1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.

The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate
for a single month.

The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.

S x = ^/(-O.OOO 125300 )(11,400,000)2 +(3139.26)(11,400,000) = 140,000

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table

Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

0.92
.82
.78
.80

0.70
.84
.88
.80

0.79
.57
.49
.59

0.70
.70
.70
.70

1.40
1.40

.74
.67

.88
.88

.46
.42

.65
.54

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

.87
.87
.87
.79
.82

.85
.84
.80
.88
.90

.65
.65
.65
.54
.51

.70
.70
.70
.70
.60

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Parttime
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Parttime




162

Establishment Data
(" B" tables)
graphic stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments.

COLLECTION
BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). This sample includes about
390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large number
of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable
industry and geographic detail are prepared and published
each month. Historical statistics are available on the Internet
at: http:Wstats.bls.gov
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates
from selected respondents through computer-assisted
interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition
technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their
payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of
tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well
as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the
respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to
the respondent for use again the following month.
The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle
design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data
covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the
relationship of the current data to the data for the previous
months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved
by entering the identification codes and the address of the
reporter only once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information
provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited
again by computer to detect processing and reporting errors
which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the
edited data are used to prepare national estimates.
It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geo-




CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product
or activity determined from information on annual sales
volume. Since January 1980, this information is collected
on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance
tax reports filed by employers. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one
activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the
Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States
and areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Clas-

sification Manual (SIC), Office of Management and
Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of
persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff,
on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or
who were hired but have not yet reported during the
period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span.
163

Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on
whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or
an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average
value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing
employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had
decreasing employment. The margin between the percent
that increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the
difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100
minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment (65-( 100-65) = 30). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged
components when computing the index.)

by members of the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants,
line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and
other employees at similar occupational levels whose services are closely associated with those of the employees
listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time
production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before
deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses
(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other
pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive
pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other
payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.

Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in
construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries.

Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during
the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid
are excluded.

Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations.

Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is
different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.

Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the
site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs
(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed




Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig164

covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread
the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of
the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.

ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates
are the product of average weekly hours and production
worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher
levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular
rates, receiving as total compensation his or her holiday
pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no
overtime hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month to month. Such
factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover
may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on
average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level
also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in
both the previous and current months.

Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for
the industry group by the sum of total production worker
hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments
are made for other premium payment provisions, such as
holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than
time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the
M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff
assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total
compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours
are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,
reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a
"gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive
items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes
paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not
covered under production worker, construction worker, or
nonsupervisory employee definitions.

Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings
but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work
force. For example, persistent long-term increases in the
proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of
the services industries have reduced average workweeks in
these industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series.

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this
series include lump-sum payments made to production
workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls
used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761




Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price
Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). The reference year for these series is 1982.
165

ESTIMATING METHODS

sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates,
all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated and all data series, usually for the previous 5 years, are reseasonally adjusted, prior
to full publication of all revised data in June of each year.

The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey estimates of employment are generated through
an annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,698 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.

Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nationwide. A current
month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous
month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month.

Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks
in order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts
for March. These population counts are much less timely
than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an
annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative
file of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by
UI laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 98 percent of in-scope
private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the
remaining 2 percent is constructed from alternate sources,
primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based
estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based
estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge
is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added
to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark
accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based
monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and
the recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month.
Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly




Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,698 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a
majority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within the
construction division, geographic stratification is also used.
Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary
significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level
estimates.
Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is
called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative
is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus
a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March
benchmark through application of monthly link relatives.
Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic
estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic
cell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures.
The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firm births. There is a several month lag between an
166

Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size or region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division
and, where stratified, industry)
Monthly data

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month
to all employees in previous month, for sample
establishments which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component
cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory
workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of
women to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.

Average weekly hours

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory
workers.2

Average, weighted by production or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours

Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours
for component cells.

Average hourly earnings

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

All employees

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees

Annual average data
All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
workers

Average weekly hours

Average weekly overtime hours

Average hourly earnings

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.

Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Average weekly earnings
1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
bias adjustments factors, which compensate for the
underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources
of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earn-




ings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage
of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same
time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

167

mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent
for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-based
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in and
of themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1987-97
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average amount of bias which was added each month over the
course of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias
added for 1997 is listed as 130,000; this represents the average of bias adjustments made each month over the period April 1996 through March 1997. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given
year is known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the difference between a March estimate derived purely
from the sample (i.e. a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure
by 12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The
bias required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment which would have achieved a zero benchmark error.
The difference between the total bias required and the total
bias added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in
the table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes.
As discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required figures.

establishment opening for business and its appearing on
the UI universe frame and being available for sampling.
Because new firms generate a portion of employment
growth each month of the year, nonsampling methods must
be used to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under
estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment survey since the late 1960's. Prior to the 1983
benchmark, bias adjustments were derived from a simple
mean error model, which averaged undercount errors for
the previous 3 years to arrive at bias projections for the
coming year. The undercount errors were measured as the
difference between sample-based estimate results and
benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this research, a revised method was developed
which incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for the production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to
react to changing economic conditions or changing error
structure relationships between the sample-based estimates
and the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the
inability to incorporate UI universe counts as they become
available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag
from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis,
and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is done
primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e. abnormally
high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and
bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of
UI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models utilizing a Kalman filter technique,
which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling
error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among
these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.
When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simply
does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents
may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is
often received too late to incorporate into monthly esti-




THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary
goal of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment
of the universe to provide reliable estimates that can be
published both promptly and regularly. The present sample
allows BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period,
and data in considerably more detail with an additional 1month lag.
The CES survey, which began over 50 years age, predates the introduction of probability sampling methods and
has operated as a quota sample since its inception.
The sampling plan used is a form of sampling with probability proportionate to size, known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments.
The universe of establishment employment is highly
skewed, with a large percentage of total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because vari168

Reliability
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is
subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error. The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly
related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment
survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with
sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.

ance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate than
smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unit
is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the survey design, large establishments fall into a
certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the sample
for the various industries is determined empirically on the
basis of experience and cost considerations. For example,
in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total
employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in
the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from among the
smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large
proportion of total employment is concentrated in small establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion of
all large establishments but also for a more substantial number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to
a size which can be handled by available resources, it is
necessary to have a sample design for these industries with
a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the
case for most manufacturing industries.

Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The sum
of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered total
survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish
sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES can
derive an annual approximation of total error, on a lagged
basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is used as a
measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate survey processes
(i.e., the CES sample process and the UI universe process)
and thus reflects the errors present in each program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very small for
total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade, percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.3 percent, with a range
from zero to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most current
benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions
and mean absolute revisions for major industries. Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates; unbiased
estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as over and
under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy of the

Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C
shows the latest benchmark employment levels and the
approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown.

Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1987-97
(In thousands)

Employment1

Revision2

Added3

Required4

Over-the-year
employment
change5

1987
1988
1989

83,173
86,180
89,015

21
-310
-93

98
114
131

99
88
123

1,969
3,007
2,835

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

90,546
88,790
88,347
89,790
92,730
96,175
98,158
101,040

-261
-583
-130
288
688
511
72
518

85
61
33
83
115
144
129
130

63
12
22
107
171
187
135
173

1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443
2,940
3,445
1,983
2,882

Benchmark
Year

Average monthly bias

1
Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2
Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3
The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the




course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
4
The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5
March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because there is no bias adjustment for this sector.

169

estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was
from the final benchmark level.

of selecting a sample from the population were repeated
many times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 68 percent of
the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to
one standard error above the estimate would include the
true population value.

Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic
estimating cells do not have universe data sources available and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions,
although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. Like the employment
estimates, the hours and earnings estimates are also
subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of
the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings
were computed using the method of random groups and
are expressed as relative standard errors (standard error
divided by the estimate). Relative standard errors for
individual industries with the specified number of employees are presented in table 2-E and for major industries
in table 2-F. Multiplying the relative standard error by its
estimated value gives the estimate of the standard error.
The errors presented here are based on averages observed
from sample data over the March 1994 through March 1995
period.

Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SIC and ownership
codes are made through this process. The refiling cycle is
such that every third year entire division(s) are subject to
refiling. The volume of these adjustments is generally quite
large and has a substantial impact on universe employment
counts at the industry levels, although the total nonfarm
employment level remains unaffected. For example, in a
year when the services division is refiled, a substantial

Standard errors for differences between industries and times.
The standard error of a difference is required to test for
significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries
are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each
estimate, Sj 2 and S 2 2 .
S difference

Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1997
Sample coverage1
Industry

The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The
covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates
over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows.
=

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade..
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate...
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local

Sf + S2 " 2 P S l S 2

If Si = S2, then:

Number of
establishments

Number
(thousands)

Percent
of
benchmarks

120,903

316,992

44,036

36

580
5,260
18,519

3,057
25,915
56,104

225
1,010
8,654

39
19
47

16,398
25,215
60,605

2,263
1,148
5,086

36
17
24

6,988
35,328

21,824
75,482

2,005
8,333

29
24

2,700
4,692
12,471

3

2,700
3,848
8,764

100
82
70

6,331
6,567
21,467

2

5,145
6,880
20,367

Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all
establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment
estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. A small sample is
used to estimate hours and earnings data.
3
Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well
as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a
sample of reports covering about 51 percent of employment in Federal establishments.

S change =

Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for
average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals or range of
values that include the true population value. If the process




Employees

=
Total

S change

Benchmarks
(thousands)

170

Table 2-D. Current (March 1997) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1997
benchmark revision

Industry

10-year average
mean percent revision1

Level

Percent

431

0.4

0.1

0.3

518

.5

.1

.4

196

.8

.1

.8

Mining
Metal mining
Coalmining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

18
-1
4
14
0

3.1
-1.9
4.2
4.3
0

-.6
-1.7
-1.0
-.4
-.4

1.7
3.3
2.6
2.4
1.6

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

56
10
24
22

1.1
.8
3.4
.7

-.4
-.6
.6
-.6

1.3
2.3
2.1
1.2

122

.7

.2

.7

Total
Total private
Goods-producing

Manufacturing

Actual

Absolute

,

73

.7

.3

.8

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ....
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

-4
2
10
0
-1
3
9
-4
30
22
14
14
-5
6
3

-.5
.4
1.9
0
-.4
.2
.4
-1.1
1.8
3.5
.8
1.4
-1.0
.7
.8

.2
.3
.5
-.1
.6
.2
(2)
-.6
-.2
.1
.9
1.3
.8
.3
.3

1.7
1.1
.9
.8
1.2
.7
1.2
2.0
.9
1.9
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.9
1.4

49

.6

.2

.7

-2
0
8
12
9
9
6
0
6
0

-.1
0
1.3
1.4
1.3
.6
.6
0
.6
0

.2
.4
.1
.3
.5
-.2
(2)
-.5
.5
-.1

.9
4.0
.9
1.3
.7
.8
.9
1.7
1.5
2.1

Durable goods

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

235

.2

.1

.3

-22
-61
-1
-7
-13
3
-46
0
2
39
42
-3

-.3
-1.5
-.4
-1.5
-.8
1.7
-4.1
0
.5
1.7
3.0
-.3

-.3
-.6
-1.1
-.5
-1.7
.4
2.0
.6
-1.3
.1
.2
-.1

1
1.4
1.1
2.1
2.9
3.5
5.3
5.2
3.0
1.2
1.9
.7

-4
5
-9

-.1
1
-.3

-.5
-.5
-.5

1.2
1.5
1.0

See footnotes at end of table.




171

Table 2-D. Current (March 1997) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1997
benchmark revision

Industry

10-year average
mean percent revision1

Level

Percent

Actual

Absolute

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

-27
6
-76
-65
2
-9
-6
-7
-32
118
-27

-.1
.7
-2.9
-2.8
.1
-.4
-.6
-.7
-3.3
1.6
-1.0

.4
.1
1.8
2.4
-.2
-1.1
-.7
1.1
-.7
.8
.1

.6
1.5
2.9
3.7
.7
1.1
1.0
1.6
1.4
1.2
.9

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions3
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate

37
9
-15
-24
8
20
6
4
1
27
23
4
1

.5
.3
-.7
-1.7
3.1
3.6
2.4
.7
.5
1.2
1.5
.6
.1

-.3
-.7
-1.1
-.6
-3.6
1.2
1.1
.1
-3.7
.4
.3
.5
-.4

1.2
1.3
1.4
.9
6.1
2.5
5.0
1.2
5.0
1.3
1.6
1.2
1.5

Services4
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services3
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services 3
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens.
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services3
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations3
Services, nee

338
8
-4
-13
218
31
118
130
64
-12
-9
7
33
29
-1
-5
-6
29
-8
31
31
-15
16
3
53
-7
-9
-12
0

1.0
1.4
-.2
-1.0
2.8
3.4
4.2
5.2
4.7
-1.1
-2.4
1.3
2.3
.3
-.1
-.3
-.2
4.1
-.9
1.4
1.2
-2.6
2.3
3.6
2.4
-.2
-1.1
-1.3
0

.2
2.0
.5
.5
.7
1.3
1.7
2.0
(2)
-1.2
-.8
-1.8
.8
-.7
-.9
-.6
-.8
1.5
-.5
1.2
-.3
-2.8
.1
1.9
2.6
.1
-.8
.9
.3

.6
2.2
1.3
1.5
2.0
1.7
3.8
3.1
3.3
1.5
4.8
4.0
2.8
.8
1.6
.8
.8
2.8
1.2
2.8
1.6
4.8
1.6
2.5
3.3
1.4
1.3
3.3
.7

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

-87
0
0
-56
-41
-15
-31
1
-33

-.4
0
0
-1.2
-2.0
-.6
-.2
0
-.6

(2)
0
0
.2
.3
.2
(2)
-.1
0

.2
0
0
.6
1.2
.5
.3
.3
.4

3

1
Data relate to the 1988-97 benchmarks, as originally published,
unless otherwise noted.
2
Less than 0.05 percent.




4

172

Data relate to 1989-97.
Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Table 2-E. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings
(In percent)
Size of employment
estimate

50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

1.4
1.1
.8
.6
.4
.3

1.9
1.5
1.2
.9
.7
.6

3.2
2.6
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.1

based estimates are published 2 months later when nearly
all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G
presents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and
the mean absolute percent revision that may be expected
between the preliminary and final employment estimates.
Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates
are normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly
hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private
nonfarm level, and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry groupings.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.

(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)
As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with
BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,
and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the
full CES sample to produce monthly national employment
estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the
sample to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail
may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.

Table 2-F. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings by industry
(In percent)
Industry

Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

0.1
.8
.4
.1
.1
.1

0.1
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1

0.2
1.1
.3
.4
.5
.5

.3
.2
.1

.5
.2
.1

1.0
.4
.3

.2
.2

.2
.2

.7
.4

Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate national data by detailed industry; correspondingly
the State estimation procedures are designed to produce
accurate data for each individual State. State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because
each State series is subject to larger sampling and
nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them
cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particular
problem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when the
majority of the individual State errors tend to be in the
same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the
Bureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such
a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error
structure, particularly at turning points.

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.

amount of employment is usually reclassified out of services to other major divisions, thus, lowering the benchmark level for services, and potentially causing a significant downward revision in the services employment totals
previously published.
Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings,
based on less than the total sample, are published immediately following the reference month. Final revised sample-




173

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Industry

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

Total

57,900

Total private

49,000

0

13,200

0

1,800
300
800

.2
.4
.6
.4
.2

Goods-producing
Mining
Metal mining
Coalmining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

1,800
300

0
-.1
.1
0
0

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

8,000
4,000
3,500
4,800

.1
.1
0
.1

.1
.3
.4
.1

Manufacturing

9,000

.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
0
0
0
.1
0
0
.1

.1
.2
.2
.2
.4
.1
.1
.3
.1
.2
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ....
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

6,400

1,300
1,200
1,100
1,700
1,400
2,000
2,500
1,500
2,400
1,400
4,200
3,700
1,600
1,600
1,100
4,700

2,800
500
1,100
2,500
1,200
1,600
1,700
900

1,500
600
53,500

10,000
9,000
2,200
3,700
5,800
1,500
4,700
200
1,200
4,300
3,800
1,700

.1
.2
.7
.6
.2
.8
.4
.7
.2
.1
.2
.1

7,300
4,200
4,800

.1
.1
.1

See footnotes at end of table.




.1
.9
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.4
.1
.4

174

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued

Industry

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

33,100
2,500
18,700
17,300
6,100
2,900
1,200
5,900
3,500
11,700
8,600

.1
0
.1
.1
.1
-.1
-.1
.2
.1
.1
.2

.1
.2
.5
.5
.1
.1
.1
.4
.3
.1
.3

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate

5,900
3,400
2,400
1,800
1,200
1,400
1,000
1,000
1,600
2,800
2,600
1,100
2,600

0
0
0
0
-.1
.1
0
0
0
0
0
.1
0

.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.3
.2
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2

0

.2
0
.2
0
0
0
.1
0

.1
.4
.3
.4
.1
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.7
.5
0
.1
.1
.1
.3
.1
.6
.3
.6
.2
.6
.1
.1
.2
.3
.7

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
0

.1
.2
.3
.2
.4
.2
.1
.1
.1

Services 2
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee

29,600
2,800
6,200
7,900
12,600
2,600
11,100
10,700
2,500
2,100
1,100
5,700
9,000
5,300
2,600
1,700
3,100
2,000
1,400
13,200
8,300
4,600

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

19,700
9,400
8,500

1,400
700
3,400
4,900
2,300
3,300
400

11,200
10,100
5,200
16,200
13,600
11,000

1
The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean
squared error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between the final and preliminary estimates averaged across
a series of monthly observations.




2

.1
.1
-.1
.1
0

.1
.1
.1
0
0
0
.2
0
0
0
0
.1
0
.1
.1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1993
through December 1997.

175

Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM

Estimates for States

signal is a time series model of the true labor force which
consists of three components: A variable coefficient
regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and
current relationships found within each State's economy as
reflected in the different sources of data that are available
for each State—the Current Population Survey (CPS), the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (UI) system. The noise component
of the models explicitly accounts for auto correlation in the
CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude
of the error. In addition, the models can identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.
While all the State models have important components in
common, they differ somewhat from one another to better
reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for the employment-to-population ratio
and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each State.
The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from
the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and
seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS
not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component
accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the
CES, while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically
to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of
the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate
that changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once
the estimates are developed from the models, levels are calculated for employment, unemployment, and labor force.

Current monthly estimates. Effective January 1996, civilian labor force and unemployment estimates for all States
and the District of Columbia are produced using models
based on a "signal-plus-noise" approach. The model of the

Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for all States and the District of Columbia are
adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average
CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a pro-

Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative
program. The local unemployment estimates which derive
from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the
basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act.
Annual average data for the States and 334 areas shown
in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data classified
by selected demographic, social, and economic characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile
of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a
subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400
LMA's, counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or
more. Regional aggregations are derived by summing the
State estimates. The estimation methods are described
below for States (and the District of Columbia) and for subState areas. At the sub-LMA (county and city) level, estimates are prepared using disaggregation techniques based
on decennial and annual population estimates and current
unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description
of the estimation procedure is contained in the BLS document, Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment
Statistics.




176

cedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the original
monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.

Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each of two categories: (1) Persons who were previously employed in industries covered by State UI laws;
and (2) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.

Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates for two large sub-State areas —New York City
and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are
obtained using the same modeling approach as for states.
Estimates for the nearly 2,400 remaining LMA's, are prepared through indirect estimation techniques, described
below.

Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and all
LMA's within the State. The LMA estimates geographically
exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment is
applied to all sub-State preliminary LMA estimates to ensure that they add to the independently estimated State totals for employment and unemployment. For California and
New York, the proportional adjustment is applied to all
LMA's other than the two modeled areas, to ensure that the
LMA estimates sum to an independent model-based estimate for the balance of State.

Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based largely on CES data. These
"place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place
of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed on
the basis of employment relationships at the time of the
1990 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CES
estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees,
nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers,
and private household workers.




Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in UI claims counts, and updated
historical relationships. The updated estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates
of employment and unemployment.

177

Seasonal Adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by
adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes in
a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which they
are based, because they are subject not only to sampling and
other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the
seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted
series for selected labor force and establishment-based data
are published monthly in Employment and Earnings.

1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount, introduced into the Current Population Survey. In 1996, 1990-93 data also were revised to
incorporate these 1990 census-based population controls and
seasonally adjusted series were revised back to 1990. Subsequent revisions are only carried back to 1994.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to
derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally
adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components. The total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily add
to totals.
In each January issue (March issue in 1996), Employment and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted
data for selected labor force series based on the experience
through December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be
used to calculate the civilian unemployment estimate for
the first 6 months of the following year, and a description of
the current seasonal adjustment procedure.

Household data
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-l 1 method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method
by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E, January 1983.
BLS uses an extension of X-l 1 ARIMA to allow it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data, usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census
population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in
early 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994, data were
revised only for that year because of the major redesign and




Establishment data
Effective in June 1997, with the release of the March 1996
benchmark revisions, BLS began using an updated version
of the X-12 ARIMA software developed by the Bureau of
the Census to seasonally adjust national establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings series. The X-l2 ARIMA
(first introduced in June 1996) replaces the X-l 1 ARIMA,
which had been used to adjust these series since the early
1980's. All national establishment-based series were revised back to 1988.
The conversion to X-l2 ARIMA allows BLS to refine its
seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometime referred to as the 4-vs. 5-week effect. While the CES survey is referenced to a consistent concept, the pay period including the 12th day of the month,
inconsistencies arise because there are variations of 4 or 5
weeks between the week of the 12th in any given pair of
months. In highly seasonal months and industries, this varia178

BLS also makes special adjustments for floating holidays
for the establishment-based series on average weekly hours
and manufacturing overtime hours. From 1988 forward, these
adjustments are now accomplished as part of the X-12
ARIMA/REGARIMA modeling process rather than through
the previously used moving-holiday extension of X-ll
ARIMA. The special adjustment made in November each
year to adjust for the effect of poll workers in the local government employment series also is incorporated into the X12 process from 1988 forward; this replaces the X-ll
ARIMA-based procedure previously used to account for this
effect.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based
series based on the experience through March 1997, new
seasonal adjustment factors for March-October 1997, and a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
appear in the June 1997 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised factors for the September 1997-April 1998 period
will appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by major industry for all States and the District of Columbia (table
B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly to the
employment estimates at the division level (component
series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to
the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and
historical revisions are made coincident with the annual
benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are
designed to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted) data for each individual State. BLS independently
develops a national employment series; State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals. Because each State
series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors
than the national series, summing them cumulates individual
State level errors and can cause significant distortions at an
aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS
does not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and
cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively
large and volatile error structure.

tion can be an important determinant of the magnitude of
seasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the
survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal adjustment.
The interval effect adjustment is accomplished through the
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) option
in the X-12 software. This process combines standard regression analysis, which measures correlations between two
or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes
and predicts the behavior of a data series based on its own
past history. In this application, the correlations of interest
are those between employment levels in individual calendar
months and the length of the survey intervals for those
months. The REGARIMA models estimate and remove the
variation in employment levels attributable to 11 separate
survey intervals, one specified for each month, except March.
March is excluded because there are always 4 weeks
between the February and March surveys.
Projected seasonal factors for the establishment-based
series are calculated and published twice a year, paralleling
the procedure used for the household series. Revisions to
historical data are made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions. All series are seasonally adjusted using
multiplicative models in X-12; additive models are not considered. Seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied at component levels. For employment series, these are
generally the 2-digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals
are arithmetic aggregations for employment series and
weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for hours
and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant
dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing the
average weekly earnings series by the seasonally adjusted
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of
aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by multiplying average weekly hours by production or
nonsupervisory workers and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours for the
appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1982
annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
series, however, are used in the aggregation to broader level
seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.




Region and State labor force data
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and
divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tables
C-l and C-2). Beginning in 1998, regional aggregations are
derived by summing the State estimates. Using the X-l 1
ARIMA procedure, seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied independently to the component employment and unemployment levels and then aggregated to regional or State totals. Current seasonal adjustment factors
are produced for 6-month periods twice a year. Historical
revisions usually are made at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the separate processing procedures,
totals for the Nation, as a whole, differ from the results
obtained by aggregating regional or State data.

179

INDEX TO STATISTICAL TABLES
TABLE KEY: A: Monthly household data; B: Monthly national and State and area establishment data; C: Monthly regional. State, and
area labor force data; D: Quarterly, household data only, in the January, April, July, and October issues. Annual averages: Household data in the January issue; national establishment data in the January, March, and June issues; State and area establishment
and labor force data in the May issue. For additional information see the listing on the inside front cover of this publication.
Quarterly averages

Monthly
Topic
Seasonally
adjusted

Absences from work
Aggregate weekly hours (Index).
Agricultural industries

Not
seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally
adjusted

Annual
averages

Not
seasonally
adjusted

44-45

B-9
A-1-3,7, 11

A-15, 21-22,
30,35

D-1,5, 9

D-12-15

A-23-27
A-22

D-5
D-5

D-14-15

A-1-2; 1-2,5-6.
12-13,15,17-18,
26,32
19-23
12-13, 15-16

At work
Class of worker
Diffusion index
Discouraged workers
Earnings, hourly
Earnings, weekly

A-7
A-7
B-6
B-11
B-11

A-36
B-2,15-18
B-2,15,17-18

Educational attainment
Employment by:
Age
Hispanic origin
Industry
Occupation
Race

A-5

A-16-17

D-3

A-3-4. 6, 8
A-4
B-3-5, 7
A-7
A-4

A-14-16, 18-19,22
A-16-17
A-21;B-12-14
A-19-21
A-14-18, 20

D-1-2, 4, 6
D-2

D-12-13,16
D-12-16

3-6. 8-9.14-15

D-5
D-2

D-14-15
D-12, 14, 16

9-13, 17

A-2-4, 6-8; B-4

A-14-20. 22:B-13

D-1-2, 4-6

D-12-16

A-6

A-18. 33

D-4

D-14-15

B-8-10

A-23-27; B-2,
15. 18

A-7, 11
A-1-3,7

A-26. 28, 34
A-37
A-15, 22

A-6

A-36
A-18

Sex
Full-time workers
Historical data
Hours of work
Jobsearch methods
Marital status
Multiple jobholders
Nonagricultural industries
'Not in the labor force
Part-time workers
Production or nonsupervisory
workers
School enrollment
State, region, and area data
Unemployment by:
Age

B-1,12-13: 16-18,48: 1

D-5, 9
D-1,5
D-4

D-14-15

3,5,7-8,10-12,14,
17-18
B-13;2-18
8.12-13,30
A-1-2; B-1-2; 1-2
B-15;19-23, 50:2
33-34
24,31
36
A-1-2; 1-2,5-6,
12-13, 15
35
8, 12-13

B-12, 15-18

B-12,15-17, 49-50

B-7:C-1-2

A-16
B-14, 18;C-3

1-3

A-3-4, 6, 9-10
A-13
A-4
A-11
A-11
A-4

Reason
Sex

A-12
A-2-4, 6, 9-10




4-7.11-13.18

B-5, 8-9, 11

Duration
Hispanic origin
Industry of last job
Occupation of last job
Race

Union affiliation
Veterans, Vietnam-era

D-20-22

35
B-2,15-17;50;2
B-2,15,17;
37-39, 50; 2
7

A-14-16,18, 28,
31-32,34
A-32-35
A-16-17
A-30, 35
A-29, 35
A-14-18, 28,
31,34
A-31-32
A-14-18, 28-32,
34
A-38

D-1-2, 7-8

D-12-13, 17

D-11
D-2
D-9
D-9
D-2

D-19
D-12-13,17-19
D-12, 17-21

D-10
D-1-2, 7-8

D-18
D-12-13, 17
D-23-24

180

3-6, 8, 24, 27. 29.
33
29-32
4-7, 28
26,32
25,32
3,5, 7-8, 24, 28,

31,33
27-29
2-8,24, 25-27, 29,
31,33-35
40-43
46-47

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics

Regional Office

HEGION |--BOSTON
J^"K Federal Buncsinc.
r?m F310
Boston MA 02203
Phone «617) 565-232?

REGION II—NEW YORK
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York. NY 10014
Phone. (212) 337-2400
REGION Ill-PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154
REGION IV ATLANTA
Room 7T50
61 Forsyth Street. SW.
Atlanta. GA 30303
Phone: (404) 331-3415
REGION V-CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880
REGION VI-DALLAS
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone. (214) 767-6970
REGIONS VII and VIMKANSAS CITY
City Center Square
1100 Main, Suite 600
Kansas C ity, MO 64105-2112
Phone:(816)426-2481
REGIONS IX and X—
SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P O Box 193766
San Francisco, CA 94119
Phone :4"»5) 975-4384




Cooperating State Agencies
Current Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
BLS
Region

BLS
Region

Department of Industrial Relations, Room 427,
Industrial Relations Bldg., Montgomery 36130
Department of Labor, Research and Analysis
X ALASKA
Section, 1111 West 8th St., Juneau 99802-5501
Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
IX ARIZONA
Washington St., Phoenix 85005
VI ARKANSAS
Employment Security Department •
P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203-2981
IX CALIFORNIA
Employment Development Department, Employment Data and Research Division, 7000
Franklin Blvd., Bldg 1100. Sacramento 95823
Department of Labor and Employment. Suite
VIII COLORADO
801, 1120 Lincoln Street. Denver 80203
Labor Department, Employment Security
CONNECTICUT
I
Division. 200 Folly Brook Blvd.
Wethersfield 06109
III DELAWARE
Department of Labor, Office of Occupational
and Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 9029.
Newark 19714-9029
Department of Employment Services, Division
III DIST. OF COL.
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201, 500 C St.. NW.. Washington,
DC 20001
IV FLORIDA
Florida Department of Labor and Employment
Security, Bureau of Labor Market Information,
Suite 203. 2574 Seagate Dr., Tallahassee
32399-0674
Department of Labor, Labor Information
IV GEORGIA
Systems, 148 International Blvd., NE .
Atlanta 30303
IX HAWAII
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations.
Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813
Department of Employment, 317 Main St.,
X IDAHO
Boise 83735
V ILLINOIS
Department of Employment Security, (2 South),
401 South State St., Chicago 60605
Department of Employment and Training
V INDIANA
Services, Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Avenue,
Indianapolis 46204
IOWA
VII
Department of Employment Services, 1000 East
Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka
VII KANSAS
Avenue, Topeka 66603
IV KENTUCKY
Department for Employment Services, Labor
Market Research and Analysis Branch,
275 East Main St., Frankfort 40621
VI LOUISIANA
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
Section, 1001 North 23rd St., Baton Rouge
70804-9094
Department of Labor, Division of Economic
MAINE
I
Analysis and Research, 20 Union St.,
Augusta 04330
Department of Employment and Training,
III MARYLAND
Research and Analysis Division, 1100 North
Eutaw St., Baltimore 21201
I
MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training,
Government Center, Charles F. Hurley Bldg ,
Boston 02114
V MICHIGAN
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 516, 7310
Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
V MINNESOTA
Department of Jobs and Training, Research
and Statistics Division. 5th F l , 390 North
Robert St., St. Paul 55101
IV MISSISSIPPI
Employment Security Commission, Labor
Market Information Division, P.O. Box 1699,
Jackson 39215-1699
VII MISSOURI
Division of Employment Security, P O Box 59,
Jefferson City 65104

VIII MONTANA

IV

ALABAMA

Department of Labor and Industry, P O. Box
1728, Helena 59624
VII NEBRASKA
Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln
68509-4600
IX NEVADA
Employment Security Department, 500 East
3 r d S t , Carson City 89713
I
NEW HAMPSHIRE Department of Employment Security, 32 South
Mam St., Concord 03301
II
NEW JERSEY
Department of Labor, Division of Planning and
Research. P.O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
Employment Security Commission, 401 BroadVI NEW MEXICO
way. TIWA Bldg , Albuquerque 87103
Department of Labor, Division of Research and
II
NEW YORK
Statistics, State Campus. Room 400, Bldg 12.
Albany 12240-0020
IV NORTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 25903,
Raleigh 27611
VIII NORTH DAKOTA Job Service, P O Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
Bureau of Employment Services, Labor Market
V OHIO
Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd ,
Columbus 43215
VI OKLAHOMA
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division. 2401 North Lincoln.
Oklahoma City 73105
X OREGON
Employment Division, 875 Union St . NE .
Salem 97311
III PENNSYLVANIA
Bureau of Research a n d Statistics
300 Capitol A s s o c i a t e s Building
Harrisburg, PA 17120-0034
Department of Labor and Human Resources,
II
PUERTO RICO
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 17th Fl., 505 Munoz
Rivera Avenue, Hato Rey 00918 (CES), Bureau
of Employment Security, Research and Analysis
Section, 15th Fl., 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue,
Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
I
RHODE ISLAND
Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason
St.. Providence 02903
IV SOUTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 995,
Columbia 29202
VIII SOUTH DAKOTA Department of Labor, Labor Market Information
Center, P.O. Box 4730, Aberdeen 57401
IV TENNESSEE
Department of Employment Security, Research
and Statistics Division, 519 Cordell Hull Office
Bldg., Nashville 37219
VI TEXAS
Employment Commission, Room 208-T, 1117
Trinity St., Austin 78778
Department of Employment Security, Labor
VIII UTAH
Market Information Services, P.O. Box 11249,
Salt Lake City 84147
Department of Employment and Training, Office
I
VERMONT
of Policy and Public Information, P.O. Box 488,
Montpelier 05602
Employment Commission, Economic Information
III VIRGINIA
Services, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
53-A, 54-A&B Kronprindsens Gade Charlotte
II
VIRGIN ISLANDS
Amalie. St Thomas 00801-3359 (CES)
Employment Security Department, Labor Market
and Economic Analysis Branch, 605 Woodview
X WASHINGTON
Dr., Olympia 98503
Department of Employment Security, Division
of Labor and Economic Security, 112 California
III WEST VIRGINIA
Avenue, Charleston 25305
Department of Industry, Labor, and Human
Relations, Labor Market Information Bureau,
V WISCONSIN
201 East Washington Avenue, Madison 53707
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Analysis Section, P.O. Box 2760,
VIII WYOMING
Casper 82602