Full text of Employment and Earnings : December 1988

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics




December 1988

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Ann McLauehlin, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of
Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of the
BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
cover.
Employment and Earnings may be ordered through the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Subscription price
per year $25 domestic and $31.25 foreign. Single copy
$8.50 domestic and $10.63 foreign. Annual supplement
$14 domestic and $17.50 foreign. Prices are subject to
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ordering information call (202) 783-3238.

Calendar of Features
In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Annual averages
Union affiliation
Revised seasonally adjusted series

Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Material in this publication is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without
permission.

Jan.

Industry detail (final)

Mar.

Women employees (final)

Mar.

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and new
seasonal adjustment factors

Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
additional mailing addresses.




Jan., Feb.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons
not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin,
Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans, family
relationship data, weekly earnings data, and metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and poverty-nonpoverty
area data
Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Communications on material in this publication should
be addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212, or
phone: Gloria P. Green (202) 523-1959 ; Send correspondence on circulation and subscription matters (including address changes) to the Superintendent of
Documents.

ISSN 0013-6840

Jan.
Jan.

June

Revised historical national data

Supplement1

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

State and area labor force data
Annual averages

1

The latest supplement was published in August 1988.

May

Employment and Earnings
Vol. 35

No. 12 December 1988

Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein

Editors' Note
In accordance with usual practice, the January issue of this publication will incorporate revisions in
seasonally adjusted unemployment and other labor force series derived from the household survey.
Seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years are subject to revision each year.

Contents

Page
List of statistical tables ..
Employment and unemployment developments, November 1988

2
4

Statistical tables:

HistoricalHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment . . . .
Hours and earnings ,

6
43
79

Not seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National..
State and area .
Hours and earnings:
National..
State and area
State and area labor force data

9

44
60

.

82
104
112

Seasonally adjustedHousehold data

.

Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings ,
Productivity data
Explanatory notes .




.

.

.
. .
..

.

..

36

.
...

56
101
109
117

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Employment Status

AAAAAAA-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

6
7
8
9
12
13

A- 8.
A- 9.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date . . . . . .
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1977 to date .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race . . . .
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin .
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age .
Employed and unemployed full-and part-time workers by sex, age, and race

A-10.

Employment status of persons in families by family relationship .

18

14
16
17

Characteristics of the Unemployed

A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-l5.
A-16.
A-17.
A-l8.
A-19.
A-20.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex.
persons by occupation and sex .
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment...
persons by duration of unemployment
persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of u n e m p l o y m e n t . . . .
jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used

19
20
21
22
23
23
24
25
26
26

Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.

Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex.,
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age .
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker.
Employed civilians by industry and occupation
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status.
.
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry ..
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status
.
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time
status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status .
...

27
28
29
30
31
31
32
32
33
34
35

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
A-36,
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.




Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed
in the United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age,
seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age,
and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted

36
37
38
39
40
40
41
41
42
42

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page

Employment—National
BBBB-

1.
2.
3.
4.

B- 5.
B- 6.
B- 7.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1936 to date .
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group ,
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted .
.
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted .
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
......
Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased, seasonally adjusted.

43
44
55
^
57
53
59

Employment—States and Areas
B- 8.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

59

Hours and Earnings—National
C- 1.
C- 2.
C- 2a.
C- 3.
C- 4.
C- 5.
C- 6.
C- 7.

Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date .
Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by detailed industry
Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars
Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted .
The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted .

70
g2
9g
QQ
\QQ
101
JQ2
JQ3

Hours and Earnings—States and Areas
C- 8.

Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas .

104

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
C- 9.
C-10.
C-ll.

Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,
seasonally adjusted .
.
...........
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted .
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates .

109
110
Ill

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
D- 1.




Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas .

112

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, November 1988

Employment rose sharply in November, and the unemployment rate was little changed. The overall unemployment rate
was 5.3 percent, and the civilian worker rate was 5.4 percent. Both have shown little movement since the spring.
Nonagricultural payroll jobs, as measured by the survey
of business establishments, increased by 465,000 to 107.4
million. Total civilian employment, as measured by the
household survey, rose by a similar amount to 116.0 million.

After remaining essentially unchanged from August to October, the civilian labor force jumped by 560,000 to 122.6
million in November. As a result, the labor force participation rate rose 0.3 percentage point to a record 66.5 percent.
Over the year, the labor force has expanded by 2.0 million,
1.4 million of whom were adult women. (See table A-33.)

Unemployment

Total nonagricultural employment rose by 465,000 in
November, seasonally adjusted, to a level of 107.4 million.
Increases were widespread, occurring in both goodsproducing and service-producing industries. (See table B-4.)
The service-producing sector added 345,000 jobs in
November, after seasonal adjustment. Following more
moderate growth in recent months, employment gains in the
services industry itself totaled 195,000, with increases spread
across most of its major industries. Elsewhere in the sector,
transportation and public utilities jobs increased by 40,000,
mostly in the transportation component. Job growth of 30,000
in wholesale trade occurred mainly in the distribution of durable goods. Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate rose by about 20,000 for the second month in a row.
Employment in retail trade and in government was little
changed after seasonal adjustment.
In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing employment
rose sharply for the second month in a row. The 70,000 increase reflected widespread gains among durable and nondurable goods industries, with particular strength in
machinery, electrical equipment, and lumber and wood
products. Construction employment rose by 55,000, after
seasonal adjustment, as seasonal cutbacks were smaller than
usual. In contrast, the number of mining jobs continued to
edge downward in November, having declined by nearly
20,000 in the past 4 months, all of it in the oil and gas extraction component.

The civilian worker unemployment rate and the number
of unemployed persons were essentially unchanged in
November at 5.4 percent and 6.6 million persons, respectively. These series have moved within relatively narrow
ranges for most of this year—5.3 to 5.6 percent for the jobless rate and 6.5 to 6.8 million persons for the level of unemployment. (See table A-33.)
Jobless rates for adult men (4.8 percent), adult women (4.8
percent), teenagers (13.9 percent), whites (4.6 percent),
blacks (11.2 percent), and Hispanics (8.1 percent) showed
little or no movement in November. Whereas all of these
groups have shown some improvement over the past year,
the largest drop occurred among teenagers—3 percentage
points. Most of this was among white teens, as the rate for
black teenagers continues to remain above 30 percent. (See
tables A-33 and A-34.)
The number of newly unemployed persons, those unemployed less than 5 weeks, has been between 3.0 and 3.2 million every month since mid-1987. In contrast, the number
of long-term unemployed, those jobless for more than half
a year, has declined over this period, from 1.1 million to
about 700,000. (See table A-40.)
Civilian employment and the labor force
Civilian employment expanded by 455,000 to 116.0 million in November, and the employment-population ratio
gained 0.2 percentage point to reach a record high of 62.6
percent. Most of November's employment gain occurred
among adult women, whose employment increased by
380,000. Over the year, total civilian employment has increased by 2.5 million. The number of persons voluntarily
working part-time schedules, at 15.5 million in November,
was 1.1 million more than a year earlier. (See tables A-33
and A-35.)




Industry payroll employment

Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls dropped by 0.2
hour in November, seasonally adjusted, to 34.7 hours, the
same level as in September. In manufacturing, both the workweek and overtime were unchanged at historically high levels of 41.2 and 4.0 hours, respectively. (See table C-5.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, at
127.0 (1977 = 100), was essentially unchanged in November, as the drop in the workweek about offset the gain in
employment. The index for manufacturing rose by 0.5 percent to 97.4. (See table C-6.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory workers were little changed in November on a
seasonally adjusted basis. Average weekly earnings declined
0.7 percent, reflecting the decrease in the workweek. Prior
to seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings remained
at $9.45, and average weekly earnings fell by $1.89 to




$327.92. (See tables C-l and C-7.)

The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 181.5 (1977 = 100)
in November, seasonally adjusted, unchanged from October.
For the 12 months ended in November, the increase was 3.3
percent. In dollars of constant purchasing power, the HEI
decreased 0.4 percent during the 12-month period ending in
October. The HEI is computed so as to exclude the effects
of two types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate
movements—fluctuations in manufacturing overtime and interindustry employment shifts. (Beginning in 1989, the Hourly
Earnings Index will no longer be published in this publication.) (See table C-7.)

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

December

January 6

March

April 7

January

February 3

April

May 5

February

March 10

May

June 2

Reference month

Release date

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month

Noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Civilian
Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
..
..
..
..
..
..

110,463
111,747
112,919
114,213
115,574
117,117

65,785
67,087
68,517
68,877
69,486
70,157

59.6
60.0
60.7
60.3
60.1
59.9

62,251
64,234
65,764
66,019
64,883
66,418

2,142
2,064
1,965
1,948
1,847
1,788

60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

6,205
6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565

53,904
55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065

3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

5.4
4.3
4.0
4.2
6.6
5.3

44,678
44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960

I9601 .
1961 ..
19621 .
1963 ..
1964 ..
1965 ..
1966 ..
1967 ..
1968 ..
1969 ..

119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573

71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972

60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8

67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140

1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4

47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970 ..
1971 ..
19721 .
19731 .
1974 ..
1975 ..
1976 ..
1977 ..
19781 .
1979 ..

139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460

84,889
86,355

106,559

61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0

80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421

2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980 ..
1981 ..
1982 ..
1983 ..
1984 ..
1985 ..
19861 .
1987 ..

169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912
182,293
184,490

108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167
119,540
121,602

64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1
65.6
65.9

100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106,702
108,856
111,303
114,177

1,604
1,645
1,668
1,676
1,697
1,706
1,706
1,737

99,303
100,397

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
103,971
106,434
109,232

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425

7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.1

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888

1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

88,847

91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826

100,665
103,882

99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440

101,685

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
November ..
December ..

185,225
185,370

122,349
122,472

66.1
66.1

115,259
115,494

1,755
1,750

113,504
113,744

3,172
3,215

110,332
110,529

7,090
6,978

5.8
5.7

62,876
62,898

1988:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September .
October
November ..

185,571
185,705
185,847
185,964
186,088
186,247
186,402
186,522
186,666
186,801
186,949

122,924
123,084
122,639
123,055
122,692
123,157
123,357
123,723
123,628
123,699
124,277

66.2
66.3
66.0
66.2
65.9
66.1
66.2
66.3
66.2
66.2
66.5

115,878
116,145
115,839
116,445
115,909
116,703
116,732
116,872
117,032
117,208
117,681

,749
,736
,736
,732
,714
,685
,673
,692
,704
1,687
,705

114,129
114,409
114,103
114,713
114,195
115,018
115,059
115,180
115,328
115,521
115,976

3,293
3,228
3,204
3,228
3,035
3,085
3,046
3,151
3,169
3,266
3,276

110,836
111,182
110,899
111,485
111,160
111,933
112,014
112,029
112,158
112,255
112,700

7,046
6,938
6,801
6,610
6,783
6,455
6,625
6,851
6,596
6,491
6,595

5.7
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.3

62,647
62,621
63,208
62,909
63,396
63,090
63,045
62,799
63,038
63,102
62,672

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for




seasonal variation.
NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data
(shown in tables A-1 through A-3 and A-32 through A-53) for the most
recent 5-year period are made at the end of each calendar year.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1977 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force

Sex, year,
and month

Noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Civilian
Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
1977
19781
1979

76,756
78,107
79,509

59,959
61,151
62,215

78.1
78.3
78.2

56,291
58,010
59,096

1,563
1,531
1,489

54,728
56,479
57,607

2,671
2,718
2,686

52,057
53,761
54,921

3,667
3,142
3,120

6.1
5.1
5.0

16,797
16,956
17,293

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987

80,877
82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025
87,349
88,476

62,932
63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967
66,973
67,784

77.8
77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.7
76.6

58,665
58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447
62,443
63,684

1,479
1,512
1,529
1,533
1,551
1,556
1,551
1,577

57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107

2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543

54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564

4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101

6.8
7.2
9.7
9.7
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.1

17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
November
December

88,849
88,924

68,019
68,030

76.6
76.5

64,174
64,245

1,593
1,589

62,581
62,656

2,491
2,523

60,090
60,133

3,845
3,785

5.7
5.6

20,830
20,894

1988:
January ....
February...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November

89,033
89,099
89,168
89,225
89,287
89,367
69,445
89,504
89,577
89,637
89,716

68,243
68,343
68,148
68,445
68,318
68,429
68,521
68,723
68,608
68,544
68,721

76.6
76.7
76.4
76.7
76.5
76.6
76.6
76.8
76.6
76.5
76.6

64,396
64,636
64,332
64,892
64,583
64,934
65,002
64,954
65,052
64,943
65,079

1,588
1,577
1,573
1,569
1,553
1,523
1,512
1,529
1,540
1,526
1,542

62,808
63,059
62,759
63,323
63,030
63,411
63,490
63,425
63,512
63,417
63,537

2,593
2,510
2,474
2,467
2,391
2,422
2,471
2,526
2,489
2,567
2,550

60,216
60,548
60,285
60,856
60,639
60,988
61,019
60,899
61,023
60,850
60,987

3,847
3,707
3,816
3,553
3,736
3,495
3,519
3,768
3,555
3,600
3,642

5.6
5.4
5.6
5.2
5.5
5.1
5.1
5.5
5.2
5.3
5.3

20,790
20,756
21,020
20,780
20,969
20,938
20,924
20,781
20,970
21,093
20,995

Annual averages
WOMEN
1977
19781
1979

83,932
85,434
86,951

40,705
42,731
44,343

48.5
50.0
51.0

37,381
39,669
41,325

92
100
108

37,289
39,569
41,217

612
669
661

36,677
38,900
40,556

3,324
3,061
3,018

8.2
7.2
6.8

43,227
42,703
42,608

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987

88,472
89,751
90,887
91,827
92,924
93,886
94,944
96,013

45,611
46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200
52,568
53,818

51.6
52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5
55.4
56.1

42,241
43,133
43,395
44,190
46,061
47,409
48,861
50,494

124
133
139
143
146
150
155
160

42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334

656
667
665
680
653
644
652

41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668

3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2

42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
November
December

96,376
96,446

54,330
54,442

56.4
56.4

51,085
51,249

162
161

50,923
51,088

681
692

50,242
50,396

3,245
3,193

6.0
5.9

42,046
42,004

1988:
January ....
February...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November

96,538
96,606
96,679
96,739
96,801
96,880
96,957
97,018
97,089
97,164
97,234

54,681
54,740
54,491
54,610
54,374
54,728
54,836
55,000
55,020
55,155
55,556

56.6
56.7
56.4
56.5
56.2
56.5
56.6
56.7
56.7
56.8
57.1

51,482
51,509
51,507
51,553
51,327
51,769
51,730
51,918
51,979
52,265
52,602

161
159
163
163
161
162
161
163
164
161
163

51,321
51,350
51,344
51,390
51,166
51,607
51,569
51,755
51,815
52,104
52,439

700
717
730
761
645
662
575
625
680
699
726

50,621
50,633
50,614
50,629
50,521
50,944
50,994
51,130
51,135
51,405
51,713

3,200
3,231
2,985
3,057
3,047
2,960
3,106
3,083
3,041
2,890
2,954

5.9
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.2
5.3

41,857
41,866
42,188
42,129
42,427
42,152
42,121
42,018
42,069
42,009
41,678

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.




The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Total

Percent of
population

Employed

Unemployment rates
Unemployed

Total

Men

Women

Annual averages
1954....
1955 ....
1956....
1957 ....
1958....
1959....

108,321
109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329

63,643
65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369

58.8
59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3

60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

5.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5

5.3
4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2

6.0
4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9

I960 1 .
1961 ....
19621 ..
1963....
1964....
1965....
1966....
1967 ....
1968 ....
1969 ....

117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7

1970....
1971 ....
19721 .
19731 ..
1974....
1975...,
1976...,
1977 ...
19781 .
1979 ...

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1

5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
S
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

1980 ...
1981 ...
1982 ...
1983 ...
1984...
1985...
19861 .
1987 ...

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2

6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
November,
December.

183,470
183,620

120,594
120,722

65.7
65.7

113,504
113,744

7,090
6,978

5.9
5.8

5.8
5.7

6.0
5.9

1988:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November

183,822
183,969
184,111
184,232
184,374
184,562
184,729
184,830
184,962
185,114
185,244

121,175
121,348
120,903
121,323
120,978
121,472
121,684
122,031
121,924
122,012
122,572

65.9
66.0
65.7
65.9
65.6
65.8
65.9
66.0
65.9
65.9
66.2

114,129
114,409
114,103
114,713
114,195
115,018
115,059
115,180
115,328
115,521
115,976

7,046
6,938
6,801
6,610
6,783
6,455
6,625
6,851
6,596
6,491
6,595

5.8
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.4

5.8
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.6
5.2
5.3
5.6
5.3
5.4
5.4

5.9
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.3

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the




Explanatory Notes.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race

(Numbers in thousands)
November 1988
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

185,244
14,433
7,138
7,295
18,267
102,163

42,699
21,225
21,474
35,180
19,000
16,180
24,284
13,110
11,174
21,585

10,767
10,818

28,797
9,875

122,639
7,542
3,078

4,464
14,197
85,501
35,809

17,820
17,989
30,180

16,320
13,860

19,513
10,923
8,590
11,925

7,166
4,759
3,473

11,224

2,108
911
455

88,174

66,906

7,249
3,629
3,620

3,910

7,697

66.2
52.3
43.1
61.2
77.7
83.7
83.9
84.0
83.8
85.8
85.9
85.7
80.4
83.3
76.9
55.2
66.6
44.0
12.1
21.3
11.8
4.1

116,314

75.9
53.9
43.6
64.3
83.6
93.7
94.5
93.9
95.1
94.8
95.0
94.5
90.8
92.7
88.6
66.7
79.0
54.1
16.7
26.2
16.2
6.7

63,442
3,341
1,299
2,043
6,791

57.4
50.6
42.6
58.1
72.1
74.1
73.6
74.4
72.8
77.2
77.1
77.3
70.5
74.4
65.9
45.1
55.2
35.2
8.8
17.3
8.5
2.5

52,872
3,151
1,281
1,871
6,232
37,006
15,118
7,572
7,546
13,360
7,174
6,185
8,528
4,855
3,673
5,037
3,054
1,983
1,446
901
367
178

6,492
2,579
3,913

13,023
81,830
33,911
16,797
17,114
15,693
13,406
18,819
10,540
8,280

11,592
6,968
4,623
3,377
2,033
890
454

6,325
1,050
499
551
1,174
3,672
1,898
1,023
875
1,081
627
454
693
382
311
333
197
136
96
74
20
1

5.2
13.9
16.2
12.3
8.3
4.3
5.3
5.7
4.9
3.6
3.8
3.3
3.6
3.5
3.6
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.8
3.5
2.2
.2

62,605
6,890
4,059
2,831
4,071
16,661
6,890
3,406
3,485
4,999
2,680
2,320
4,771
2,187
2,584
9,660
3,602
6,059
25,323
7,768
6,786
10,769

26,984
426
71
354
1,486
11,313
4,773
2,250
2,523
3,518
1,901
1,625
3,022
1,391
1,631
4,662
1,994
2,668
9,098
2,980
2,445
3,673

9,282
6,039
3,843
2,196
2,001
1,199
830
524
307
277
187
90
91
67
24
31
18
14
13
4
1
8

3,284
36
5
31
94
1,226
291
117
174
374
184
190
561
265
295
722
374
347
1,206
285
249
672

23,055
389
139
249
490
2,924
996
515
481
831
415
415
1,097
464
634
4,245
1,216
3,030
15,006
4,498
4,091
6,417

3,464
569
284
285
619
1,996
1,033
555
478
568
334
235
395
221
174
222
139
83
59
42
15

5.2
14.6
17.9
12.3
8.4
4.3
5.2
5.7
4.8
3.5
3.8
3.1
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.3
3.4
3.0
2.9
3.6
2.8
.4

21,267
3,339
2,047
1,292
1,450
3,133
1,152
635
517
902
468
434
1,080
464
616
3,388
1,078
2,310
9,957
3,305
2,789
3,863

593
19
3
16
18
223
90
36
54
78
45
33
55
27
28
96
37
59
237
83
61
93

4,668
3,101
1,974
1,128
1,083
468
352
239
113
87
65
22
29
18
11
12
8
4
4
3
1

1,840
24
1
23
68
803
191
81
110
268
134
134
344
159
184
483
256
226
462
141
114
207

14,167
195
70
125
281
1,640
519
279
240
468
223
245
652
260
393
2,797
776
2,021
9,254
3,077
2,613
3,564

2,860
481
215
266
555
1,676
865
468
397
512
293
219
298
161
137
111
58
53
37
32
5

5.1
13.2
14.4
12.4
8.2
4.3
5.4
5.8
5.0
3.7
3.9
3.4
3.4
3.2
3.6
2.2
1.9
2.6
2.5
3.4
1.3
.1

41,338
3,551
2,012
1,539
2,620
13,528
5,739
2,771
2,968
4,098
2,212
1,886
3,692
1,723
1,968
6,272
2,524
3,749
15,367
4,463
3,997
6,906

26,392
407
69
338
1,468
11,090
4,683
2,214
2,469
3,440
1,847
1,592
2,967
1,364
1,603
4,566
1,957
2,609
8,861
2,897
2,384
3,580

4,614
2,938
1,870
1,069
917
731
479
285
194
190
122
68
62
49
13
19
9
10
9
1

1,445
12
5
8
26
423
100
36
64
105
50
56
218
106
111
239
118
121
744
144
135
465

8,888
193
69
124
209
1,284
477
236
241
363
192
170
445
204
241
1,448
440
1,009
5,752
1,421
1,478
2,853

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

8,860

49,953
20,977

1,582
2,328
7,409
46,820
19,826

10,415

9,780

10,563

10,046
16,308
8,852
7,456
10,686

17,210
9,320
7,890
11,766
6,370

5,396
10,165
5,131
5,034
11,946

4,479
3,327
4,140

5,906
4,780
6,777
4,053
2,724
1,990
1,175
538
277

44,824

18,793
9,225
9,568
15,740
8,519
7,221
10,291
5,685
4,607
6,555
3,914
2,641
1,931
1,132
523
276

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

97,071
7,183
3,508
3,675
9,407
52,210

16,850

8,826
5,017
3,810
5,148
3,112
2,035
1,484

65 to 69 years

5,396
4,370

933
373

7,084

178

70 to 74 years
75 years and over




21,722
10,810
10,911

17,970
9,680
8,290
12,518
6,740
5,778
11,420

5,636
5,784

55,732
3,632
1,496
2,137
6,787
38,682
15,983
8,040
7,943
13,872
7,468

6,404

8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers In thousands)
November 1988
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstltutional
population

Total

158,603
11,749
5.755
5,994
15,098
86,957
35,914
17.805
18,109
30,139
16,151
13,988
20,903
11,301
9,602
18,892
9,359
9,533
25,908
8,812
6,959
10,137

Not In labor force
Unemployed

Percent
of
population

Employed

105,509
6,518
2,670
3,848
11,944
73,379
30,391
15,090
15,301
26,035
13,983
12,053
16,953
9,512
7,441
10,543
6,309
4,234
3,125
1,895
821
409

66.5
55.5
46.4
64.2
79.1
84.4
84.6
84.8
84.5
86.4
86.6
86.2
81.1
84.2
77.5
55.8
67.4
44.4
12.1
21.5
11.8
4.0

100,818
5,741
2,299
3,442
11,103
70,654
29,044
14,375
14,669
25,199
13,497
11,702
16,412
9,210
7,202
10,271
6,151
4,119
3,049
1,831
809
409

4,691
777
371
406
841
2,724
1,348
715
633
836
485
351
540
301
239
272
158
114
77
65
12

4.4
11.9
13.9
10.6
7.0
3.7
4.4
4.7
4.1
3.2
5.6
2.9
3.2
3.2
4.0
2.6
2.5
2.7
2.4
3.4
1.5

53.094
5,231
3,085
2,146
3,153
13,577
5,523
2,715
2,808
4,104
2,168
1,936
3,951
1,789
2,161
8,349
3,050
5,300
22,783
6,917
6,138
9,728

23,443
336
61
275
1,133
9,598
3,970
1,867
2,103
3,043
1,629
1,411
2,587
1,162
1,450
4,080
1,716
2,364
8,295
2,688
2,254
3,353

7,145
4,589
2,914
1,674
1,632
889
598
376
222
218
144
74
74
57
18
24
13
12
10
2
1
8

2,510
31
5
25
62
918
235
94
142
271
126
145
412
207
204
555
274
281
943
218
187
537

19,996
275
103
172
326
2,170
719
378
342
572
276
297
879
366
512
3,691
1,047
2,644
13,534
4,009
3,695
5,831

76,069
5,926
2.944
2,982
7,385
43,035
17,887
8,839
9,048
14,908
8,017
6,891
10,240
5,552
4,687
8,959
4,491
4,467
10,765
4,022
3,013
3,730

58,282
3,362
1,362
2,000
6,230
40,777
17,083
8,388
8,695
14,291
7,710
6,581
9,404
5,196
4,208
6,068
3,613
2,455
1,845
1,094
502
249

76.6
56.7
46.3
67.1
84.4
94.8
95.5
94.9
96.1
95.9
96.2
95.5
91.8
93.6
89.8
67.7
80.4
55.0
17.1
27.2
16.7
6.7

55,647
2,948
1,154
1,794
5,771
39,233
16,301
7,960
8,341
13,845
7,441
6,404
9,087
5,014
4,073
5,899
3,508
2,391
1,796
1,055
492
249

2,635
414
208
206
459
1,544
782
428
354
445
268
177
316
182
135
169
105
64
49
40
10

4.5
12.3
15.3
10.3
7.4
3.8
4.6
5.1
4.1
3.1
3.5
2.7
3.4
3.5
3.2
2.8
2.9
2.6
2.7
3.6
2.0

17,786
2,564
1,582
982
1,154
2,257
804
451
353
617
307
310
836
356
479
2,890
879
2,012
8,920
2,928
2,511
3,481

444
12
2
10
10
139
51
14
37
51
28
24
37
18
19
77
28
49
206
70
53
83

3,642
2,398
1,525
873
918
317
236
169
67
66
45
21
15

1,407
19
1
18
47
610
156
64
93
191

4
8
6
2
2
1
1

137
373
189
183
359
114
78
166

12,293
136
54
82
180
1,191
361
204
157
309
140
170
520
200
320
2,433
655
1,778
8,354
2,743
2,378
3,233

82,535
5,823
2,811
3,012
7,713
43,922
18,027
8,966
9,061
15,231
8,134
7,097
10,664
5,749
4,915
9,934
4,867
5,066
15,143
4,790
3,946
6,407

47,227
3,156
1,308
1,848
5,714
32,602
13,309
6,702
6,606
11,745
6,273
5,472
7,549
4,316
3,233
4,475
2,696
1,779
1,280
801
319
160

57.2
54.2
46.5
61.4
74.1
74.2
73.8
74.8
72.9
77.1
77.1
77.1
70.8
75.1
65.8
45.0
55.4
35.1
8.5
16.7
8.1
2.5

45,171
2,793
1,145
1,648
5,332
31,421
12,743
6,415
6,328
11,353
6,056
5,298
7,325
4,196
3,129
4,372
2,644
1,728
1,253
776
317
160

2,056
363
163
200
382
1,180

4.4
11.5
12.5
10.8
6.7
3.6
4.3
4.3
4.2
3.3
3.5
3.2
3.0
2.8
3.2
2.3
2.0
2.8
2.1
3.1
.6

35,308
2,667
1,503
1,164
1,999
11,320
4,718
2,264
2,455
3,487
1,861
1,626
3,115
1,433
1,682
5,459
2,171
3,288
13,863
3,989
3,627
6,247

22,999
324
60
265
1,123
9,459
3,919
1,853
2,066
2,991
1,595
1,396
2,550
1,141
1,408
4,003
1,688
2,315
8,089
2,618
2,201
3,270

3,503
2,191
1,389
802
714
572
362
207
155
152
99
53
58
45
14
17
7
10
9
1

1,102
12
5
8
15
308
79
30
49
81
31
49
149
81
67
182
85
97
584
104
109
371

7,704
140
50
90
146
979
359
174
185
263
136
127
358
166
192
1,257
392
866
5,181
1,266
1,317
2,598

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Qolng
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Men
18 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

12

95
96
263
126

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over ....

10




287
279
391
217
174
224
119
104
103
53
50
27
25
2

8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population by age, sex, and race—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

November 1988
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

20,811
2,180
1,120
1,061
2,507
11,588
5,262
2,673
2,590
3,778
2,149
1,629
2,548
1,356
1,192
2,114
1,101
1,013
2,422
888
1,534

13,350
849
338
511
1,825
9,304
4,271
2,143
2,127
3,121
1,781
1,340
1,911
1,044
867
1,087
675
411
286
163
124

64.1
38.9
30.1
48.2
72.8
80.3
81.2
80.2
82.1
82.6
82.9
82.3
75.0
77.0
72.7
51.4
61.4
40.6
11.8
18.4
8.1

11,923
597
219
378
1,540
8,477
3,766
1,862
1,904
2,923
1,668
1,255
1,789
973
816
1,040
647
394
268
153
115

1,427
252
119
134
285
825
505
282
223
198
114
85
123
72
51
46
29
18
18
10
9

10.7
29.7
35.1
26.1
15.6
8.9
11.8
13.2
10.5
6.4
6.4
6.3
6.4
6.9
5.9
4.3
4.3
4.3
6.4
6.1
7.3

7,462
1,331
782
549
682
2,285
992
530
463
656
368
288
637
312
325
1,027
425
602
2,136
726
1,410

2,673
79
8
71
284
1,202
572
304
268
332
187
145
298
159
138
436
198
238
672
242
430

1,543
1,156
747
409
229
154
116
77
38
30
17
13
8
6
3
2
2

9,344
1,076
565
512
1,141
5,196
2,380
1,209
1,172
1,684
958
725
1,132
603
529
953
498
455
978
388
590

6,599
469
199
270
926
4,534
2,131
1,078
1,053
1,468
841
627
934
510
424
548
335
214
123
69
55

70.6
43.6
35.3
52.7
81.1
87.3
89.5
89.2
89.9
87.2
87.8
86.5
82.5
84.6
80.2
57.5
67.2
46.9
12.6
17.7
9.2

5,878
321
125
196
791
4,141
1,905
962
943
1,371
788
583
866
479
388
509
310
198
115
66
49

721
148
74
74
135
390
226
116
110
98
54
44
68
32
36
40
24
15
8
3
6

10.9
31.5
37.1
27.4
14.6
8.6
10.6
10.7
10.5
6.6
6.4
7.0
7.2
6.2
8.5
7.2
7.3
7.1
6.7
(1)
(1)

2,746
608
365
242
215
663
250
131
119
215
117
98
198
93
105
405
163
241
855
320
535

113
7
1
6
7
60
31
17
14
16
11
4
13
6
6
14
7
7
25
10
15

705
548
353
195
99
56
46
29
17
6
6

11,467
1,104
555
549
1,366
6,392
2,882
1,464
1,418
2,094
1,191
904
1,416
753
663
1,161
602
558
1,444
500
944

6,751
380
139
242
899
4,770
2,140
1,065
1,074
1,653
940
713
977
534
443
538
341
198
163
94
69

58.9
34.4
24.9
44.1
65.8
74.6
74.2
72.8
75.8
78.9
78.9
78.9
69.0
70.9
66.8
46.4
56.6
35.4
11.3
18.8
7.3

6,045
276
94
182
749
4,336
1,861
900
961
1,552
880
672
922
494
428
532
336
195
153
87
66

706
104
45
60
150
435
279
166
113
101
60
41
55
40
15
7
4
2
10
7
3

10.5
27.5
32.3
24.7
16.7
9.1
13.0
15.5
10.5
6.1
6.3
5.8
5.6
7.5
3.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
6.1
7.2
(1)

4,716
724
417
307
467
1,622
742
399
344
441
251
190
439
219
220
622
262
361
1,281
406
875

2,561
72
7
65
277
1,142
541
287
254
316
176
141
285
153
132
422
191
231
647
232
415

837
608
394
214
130
98
70
48
21
24
11
13
4
4

2
2

700
5
6
25
280
55
23
32
88
51
37
137
57
80
154
89
64
236
64
172

2,545
91
27
64
144
650
249
125
124
207
114
93
194
89
104
435
136
300
1,225
418
808

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

...

4
2
3

2
2

380
5
6
19
167
34
17
17
64
32
32
69
32
37
99
58
40
90
26
64

1,547
47
11
36
90
382
139
68
71
130
68
62
113
53
59
291
98
194
737
282
456

Women
16 years and over ..
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years ...
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years ...
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

2
2

320
6
113
21
6
15
24
19
5
68
25
43
55
31
24
146
38
108

998
44
16
28
54
268
110
57
53
77
46
31
81
36
45
144
38
106
488
136
352

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of tht black-and-othtr civilian nonlnstltutlonal population by ags and sax
(Numbtrt in thousand!)
November 1988
Civilian labor force
Age and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years

25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

26,641
2,684
1,383
1,301
3,170
15,206
6,785
3,421
3,365
5,040
2,849
2,191
3,381
1,809
1,572
2,693
1,408
1,284
2,889
1,063

738
1,087

17,129
1,025

408
617
2,252
12,123
5,418
2,730
1,423
4,145
2,338
1,807
2,560
1,411
1,149
1,382

856
525
348
213
90
46

64.3
38.2
29.5
47.4
71.1
79.7
79.8
79.8
42.3
82.2
82.1
82.5
75.7
78.0
73.1
51.3
60.8
40.9
12.0
20.0
12.2

4.2

15,496

751
280
471
1,919
11,174
4,868
2,422
2,446
3,901
2,196
1,705
2,407
1,330
1,077
1,321

817
504
328
203
82
44

198
3
3
10
145
65
32
33
34
17
17
48
17
31
28
14
14
11
1
10

15,298
749
280
469
1,909
11,028
4,803
2,390
2,413
3,867
2,180
1,688
2,359
1,314
1,046
1,293
804
489
318
202
72
44

1,634
273
128
145
333
947
550
308
242
244
141
103
153
81
72
61
39
21
20
10
9
1

7,626
392
145
247
1,011
5,461
2,436
1,237
1,199
1,866
1,064
803
1,159
656
504
637
398
239
124
77
21
26

829
155
76
79
160
452
251
127
124
123
65
58
79
39
39
53
34
19
9
3
6

7,672
357
136
222
898
5,567
2,367
1,153
1,214
2,000
1,116
885
1,200
658
542
655
405
250
193
125
51
18

805
118
52
66
174
495
299
181
118
121
76
45
75
42
33
8
5
2
10
7
3

9.5
26.7
31.4
23.5
14.8
7.8
10.1
11.3
17.0
5.9
6.0
5.7
6.0
5.7
6.3
4.4
4.6
4.1
5.6
4.7
10.0

0)

9,512
1,659
975
684
917
3,084
1,368
691
677
895
511
384
821
398
424
1,311
552
759
2,540
851
648
1,041

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years ..,
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

12,105
1,324

8,624

686
638

548
220
328

1,475
6,918
3,090
1,576
1,515
2,301
1,303

1,179
6,043
2,743
1,392
1,351
2,017
1,143

998

875

1,527

1,282

818
709

710
572
709
440
269
145
81
36
28

1,206

640
567
1,181

457
314
410

71.2
41.4
32.1
51.4
79.9
87.4
88.8
88.4
89.2
87.7
87.7
87.6
84.0
86.8
80.7
58.8
68.9
47.4
12.2
17.6
11.5

6.8

7,795

394
145
249
1,020
5,590
2,492
1,265
1,227
1,894
1,077

817
1,204

671
533
656
407
249
135
78
31
26

169
2
2
9
128
56
28
28
28
14
14
44
15
29
19
9
10
11
1
10

9.6
28.3
34.4
24.1
13.5
7.5
9.1
9.1
9.2
6.1
5.7
6.6
6.1
5.5
6.8
7.4
7.6
7.1
6.5
3.5

0

3,481
775
465
310
296
876
347
184
164
284
160
124
244
108
137
497
199
298
1,037
376
278
382

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years ...
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years .....
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years ..-,
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

14,536
1,360

697
663




476
188
288

1,695
8,288
3,695
1,845
1,850
2,739
1,546
1,193
1,854

1,073
6,080
2,675
1,338
1,337
2,127
1,195

991
863

701
577
673
416
257
204
132
54
18

1,486

769
717
1,707

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

12

8,505

606
424
677

932
1,278

58.5
35.0
26.9
43.5
63.3
73.4
72.4
72.5
72.3
77.7
77.3
78.2
68.9
70.7
66.8
45.3
54.1
35.8
11.9
21.7
12.7

2.7

7,701

358
136
222
900
5,584
2,376
1,157
1,219
2,006
1,119

888
1,203

659
544
665
411
254
193
125
51
18

29
1
1
2
17
8
4
5
6
3
3
3
2
2
9
5
4

9.5
24.8
27.8
22.9
16.2
8.1
11.2
13.5
8.8
5.7
6.4
4.8
5.8
6.0
5.7
1.2
1.3
.9
5.0
5.4

O

6,031
884
509
375
621
2,208
1,020
507
513
611
351
260
577
290
287
813
353
461
1,504
475
370
659

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8.

Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers In thousands)

Employment status and
race

Men, 20 /ears and
over

tfll
IBI

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

183,470
120,611
65.7
113,809
3,020
110,789
6,802
5.6
62,859

185,244
122,639
66.2
116,314
3,111
113,203
6,325
5.2
62,605

79,885
62,288
78.0
59,289
2,234
57,056
2,999
4.8
17,597

80,924
62,996
77.8
60,101
2,268
57,833
2,895
4.6
17,928

88,923
50,690
57.0
48,166
624
47,542
2,525
5.0
38,233

89,887
52,100
58.0
49,721
642
49,078
2,379
4.6
37,788

14,663
7,633
52.1
6,354
162
6,192
1,279
16.8
7,029

14,433
7,542
52.3
6,492
200
6,292
1,050
13.9
6,890

157,449
103,729
65.9
98,698
2,815
95,883
5,031
4.9
53,720

158,603
105,509
66.5
100,818
2,913
97,906
4,691
4.4
53,094

69,424
54,349
78.3
52,050
2,059
49,991
2,298
4.2
15,075

70,143
54,921
78.3
52,700
2,101
50,599
2,221
4.0
15,222

76,092
42,850
56.3
41,058
595
40,463
1,792
4.2
33,242

76,711
44,071
57.4
42,378
614
41,764
1,693
3.8
32,641

11,933
6,531
54.7
5,590
161
5,429
941
14.4
5,403

11,749
6,518
55.5
5,741
198
5,543
111
11.9
5,231

20,482
13,178
64.3
11,632
152
11,480
1,545
11.7
7,304

20,811
13,350
64.1
11,923
158
11,765
1,427
10.7
7,462

8,116
6,053
74.6
5,454
131
5,324
599
9.9
2,062

8,268
6,130
74.2
5,557
135
5,421
574
9.4
2,138

10,192
6,252
61.3
5,594
21
5,572
659
10.5
3,939

10,363
6,370
61.5
5,769
22
5,748
601
9.4
3,993

2,174
872
40.1
585
1
584
287
32.9
1,302

2,180
849
38.9
597
2
595
252
29.7
1,331

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population.
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force




13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
November 1988
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

15,505
10,704
4,801

7,554
4,718
2,835

48.7
44.1
59.1

6,768
4,089
2,679

1,161
345
817

5,606
3,744
1,862

786
629
157

69
40
30

717
590
127

10.4
13.3
5.5

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

7,620
7,884
6,753
1,132

3,205
4,348
3,327
1,022

42,1
55.2
49.3
90.3

2,699
4,069
3,107
962

159
1,002
369
633

2,540
3,067
2,738
329

506
280
220
60

30
40
27
13

477
240
193
47

15.8
6.4
6.6
5.8

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,844
5,431
2,413

3,722
2,361
1,361

47.4
43.5
56.4

3,302
2,029
1,273

570
201
368

2,732
1,827
905

420
332
88

45
28
18

375
305
70

11.3
14.1
6.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,055
3,789
3,327
462

1,702
2,019
1,595
424

42.0
53.3
47.9
91.8

1,419
1,883
1,484
399

111
458
210
248

1,307
1,425
1,274
151

284
136
111
25

20
25
18
8

264
111
93
18

16.7
6.7
6.9
6.0

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,660
5,273
2,387

3,832
2,357
1,475

50.0
44.7
61.8

3,466
2,060
1,406

592
143
448

2,874
1,917
957

366
297
69

24
12
12

342
285
57

9.6
12.6
4.7

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

3,565
4,095
3,426
670

1,503
2,329
1,732
597

42.2
56.9
50.6
89.2

1,281
2,185
1,622
563

48
544
159
385

1,233
1,642
1,463
178

222
144
109
34

9
15
9
5

213
129
100
29

14.8
6.2
6.3
5.7

12,709
8,640
4,069

6,546
4,084
2,462

51.5
47.3
60.5

5,985
3,622
2,364

1,034
301
734

4,951
3,321
1,630

561
463
98

56
33
24

505
430
75

8.6
11.3
4.0

Men
Women

6,467
6,242

3,200
3,346

49.5
53.6

2,904
3,081

509
525

2,395
2,556

296
265

39
17

257
248

9.2
7.9

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

6,020
6,690
5,697
992

2,736
3,811
2,902
909

45.4
57.0
50.9
91.6

2,373
3,612
2,740
872

134
900
321
580

2,239
2,712
2,420
292

363
199
161
37

26
30
19
11

337
168
142
26

13.3
5.2
5.6
4.1

2,107
1,640
467

757
505
252

35.9
30.8
53.9

554
352
202

102
32
70

451
320
132

203
153
50

10
7
3

193
146
47

26.8
30.4
19.8

Men
Women

1,017
1,090

383
374

37.6
34.4

267
287

44
59

223
229

116
87

7
3

109
84

30.3
23.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,305
802
703
99

388
369
291
78

29.7
46.0
41.5
78.2

253
301
245
56

15
87
44
44

238
213
201
12

135
68
47
22

4
6
5
2

131
62
42
20

34.8
18.5
16.0
27.7

1,101
796
305

458
258
199

41.6
32.4
65.4

389
188
200

124
22
102

265
167
98

69
70

8
9

61
61

15.1
27.0

Men
Women

546
555

238
219

43.7
39.5

196
192

69
55

127
138

42
27

6
2

36
25

17.6
12.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

619
482
337
145

171
287
160
127

27.6
59.5
47.4
87.8

118
270
147
123

16
108
24
84

102
163
123
39

52
17
13
4

8

44
17
13
4

30.7
5.8
8.0
3.0

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.

14




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers In thousands)
November 1988
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
nonlnstltutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
17,195
3,728
13,467

14,185
2,824
11,361

82.5
75.7
84.4

12,747
2,403
10,344

11,090
1,852
9,238

1,657
551
1,106

1,438

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

4,102
8,930
2,708
1,455

2,714
7,561
2,507
1,403

66.2
84.7
92.6
96.5

2,161
6,885
2,353
1,349

1,801
5,911
2,099
1,279

360
973
254
70

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

8,265
1,819
6,446

7,598
1,549
6,049

91.9
85.2
93.8

6,830
1,312
5,518

6,256
1,086
5,170

2,203
4,271

84.2
93.9
96.7
96.5

1,516
3,674

1,180
611

1,855
4,012
1,142
590

8,930
1,910
7,020

6,588
1,275
5,312

73.8
66.8
75.7

1,899
1,528
843

860
3,549
1,365
813

14,137
3,109
11,029

1,017

1,282
363
919

156
58
99

10.1
14.9
9.0

553
676
154
54

496
593
140
52

57
83
14
2

20.4
8.9
6.1
3.9

574
226
347

768
237
531

718
211
508

49
26
24

10.1
15.3

173
306
80

339

15

21

318
311
68
22

21
27
1

568

1,342
3,368
992
553

18.3
8.4
6.1
3.6

5,917
1,091
4,626

4,834
766
4,068

1,084
325
758

670
184
486

563
152
411

107
32
75

10.2
14.4
9.2

45.3
76.2
89.3
96.4

645
3,210
1,281
781

458
2,543
1,106
726

187
667

215

174
55

85
33

178
283
72
30

36
56
13
2

24.9
9.5
6.2
4.0

11,916
2,434
9,482

84.3
78.3
86.0

10,859
2,119
8,740

9,480
1,642
7,838

1,379
477
902

1,057
314
742

942
266
676

115
48
67

8.9
12.9
7.8

6,843
7,294

6,392
5,524

93.4
75.7

5,814
5,045

5,347
4,133

468
911

577
479

545
396

32
83

9.0
8.7

3,315
7,334
2,200
1,288

2,282
6,324
2,060
1,250

68.9
86.2
93.6
97.0

1,852
5,846
1,954
1,207

1,544
5,038
1,754
1,145

308
808
201
62

431
478

380
424

105
43

97
40

51
54
8
2

18.9
7.6
5.1
3.4

2,580
541
2,040

1,917
344
1,573

74.3
63.6
77.1

1,583
245
1,338

1,328
178
1,150

255
68
188

334
99
235

304
91

213

30
8
22

17.4
28.7
14.9

Men
Women

1,201
1,380

1,012
905

84.3
65.6

845
737

751
577

95
160

167
167

156
147

10
20

16.5
18.5

Lea9 than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

664
1,382
436
99

356
1,082
385

245
908
340
89

203
753
287
84

43
155
53
5

111
173
45
5

104
157
38
5

6
17
7

94

53.7
78.3
88.3
95.2

31.1
16.0
11.6
5.3

2,175

75.4
68.4
77.9

1,427
317
1,110

1,229
234
995

198
83
115

214
70
144

187
54
134

27
17
10

13.1
18.2
11.5

87

111

112
102

109
78

4
23

10.6
17.6

103
79
30
2

84
73
28
2

19
6
2

14.1
11.7
15.8

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

4,659

1,072

421

338
70

339

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men

Women
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1,609

1,641
387
1,254

Men
Women

1,157
1,018

1,062
579

91.8
56.9

950
477

863
366

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,111
811
204
48

730
674
191
45

65.7
83.1
93.7

627
596
161
43

560
480

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and




146
42

67
115
15

college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Employed

Total

Veteran status
and age
Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Unemployed
Percent of
labor force

Number
Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

4.7
5.0
9.4
4.0
4.6
3.4

3.7
3.7
6.3
3.7
3.2
3.9

4.0
4.5
3.5
3.7

4.0
4.6
3.7
3.2

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,861
6,112
832
2,439
2,841
1,749

7,907
5,769
613
2,001
3,155
2,138

7,257
5,796
790
2,319
2,687
1,461

7,325
5,498
570
1,923
3,005
1,827

6,918
5,507
716
2,227
2,564
1,411

7,051
5,295
534
1,851
2,910
1,756

339

123
50

274
203
36
72
95
71

19,819
8,949
6,420
4,450

20,789
9,175
7,049
4,565

18,776
8,513
6,071
4,192

19,706
8,738
6,678
4,290

18,031
8,134
5,861
4,036

18,917
8,338
6,428
4,151

745
379
210
156

789
400
250
139

289
74
92

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data

16




are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
November 1988
Unemployed

Employed
Part time

Full time
Sex, age, and race

Total

Full-time
schedules1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time

Total

Voluntary1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

95,430
2,196
244
1,954
93,234
10,055
83,178
72,014
11,164

93,764
2,068
229
1,840
91,696
9,763
81,932
70,968
10,964

1,666
128
15
114
1,538
292
1,246
1,046
200

20,883
4,295
2,335
1,960
16,587
2,968
13,621
9,817
3,804

17,594
3,955
2,244
1,711
13,638
2,448
11,191
7,770
3,421

3,289
340
91
249
2,949
520
2,430
2,047
383

4,927
403
82
321
4,524
948
3,577
3,268
309

1,398
647
417
231
750
226
524
404
120

Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

56,731
1,288
55,443
5,539
49,904
42,900
7,004

55,695
1,202
54,493
5,364
49,129
42,249
6,880

1,036
86
950
175
775
651
124

6,711
2,054
4,657
1,252
3,406
1,924
1,482

5,416
1,897
3,519
1,024
2,495
1,164
1,331

1,295
157
1,138
228
911
760
151

2,910
239
2,671
525
2,146
1,934
212

554
330
224
94
131
62
69

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

38,700
910
37,791
4,516
33,274
29,115
4,160

38,070
867
37,203
4,399
32,803
28,720
4,084

630
43
588
117
471
395
76

•14,172
2,243
11,930
1,716
10,214
7,892
2,322

12,178
2,059
10,119
1,424
8,695
6,605
2,090

1,994
184
1,811
292
1,519
1,287
232

2,017
164
1,853
423
1,430
1,333
97

843
317
526
132
393
342
51

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over .

49,839
1,143
48,696
4,713
43,984
37,660
6,324

48,973
1,068
47,905
4,562
43,343
37,131
6,212

866
75
791
151
641
529
112

5,807
1,805
4,003
1,058
2,945
1,575
1,370

4,769
1,666
3,103
878
2,225
989
1,236

1,038
139
900
180
720
586
134

2,237
177
2,060
407
1,653
1,494
159

398
237
161
52
109
50
59

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

32,533
799
31,734
3,859
27,874
24,303
3,570

32,037
764
31,273
3,771
27,502
23,989
3,513

496
35
461
88
372
314
57

12,639
1,994
10,645
1,473
9,172
7,118
2,053

11,039
1,825
9,214
1,255
7,960
6,091
1,868

1,600
169
1,431
218
1,212
1,027
185

1,396
121
1,274
292
982
898
84

660
241
418
89
328
282
46

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,211
124
5,087
671
4,415
3,887
528

5,063
114
4,949
647
4,302
3,784
518

148
10
138
24
113
103
10

667
198
469
120
350
256
95

440
183
257
77
181
100
81

227
15
212
43
169
156
14

581
59
521
104
417
378
39

141
89
52
31
22
13

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,848
86
4,762
549
4,212
3,756
456

4,741
84
4,657
521
4,135
3,694
441

107
2
105
28
77
62
15

1,197
190
1,008
200
807
579
228

862
175
688
131
556
367
189

335
15
320
69
251
212
39

546
38
507
112
396
383
13

160
66
94
38
56
52
4

White

Black

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according




to whether they usually work full or part time.

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons In families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)

November 1988
Civilian labor force

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed

Percent
of
Number
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

Total, 16 years and over1

98,638

66.6

93,481

5,157

5.2

49,569

21,916

8,440

2,349

16,864

Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

39,706
26,181
945
12,581

78.1
91.9
90.2
59.1

38,494
25,490
806
12,196

1,212
691
137
385

3.1
2.6
14.5
3.1

11,120
2,322
103
8,695

239
88
2
149

242
125
4
114

949
363
24
562

9,689
1,746
73
7,870

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force

29,550
26,298
828
2,424

58.1
68.3
68.3
21.8

28,503
25,490
691
2,322

1,047
808
137
103

3.5
3.1
16.5
4.2

21,276
12,196
385
8,695

17,139
10,746
355
6,037

414
328
7
79

397
137
1
259

3,327
985
21
2,320

Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

12,921
4,850
4,469
3,602

62.5
51.9
74.5
67.6

11,632
4,225
4,109
3,298

1,289
625
360
304

10.0
12.9
8.1
8.4

7,753
4,495
1,531
1,727

670
94
115
461

5,524
4,192
1,205
127

323
25
35
263

1,237
184
176
877

Women who maintain families

6,887

62.7

6,365

522

7.6

4,092

2,789

215

207

882

Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,588
1,385
1,567
2,636

60.2
46.4
76.8
62.0

4,820
1,113
1,341
2,366

768
272
226
270

13.7
19.7
14.5
10.2

3,693
1,602
473
1,618

711
79
106
526

1,678
1,385
235
58

307
8
34
265

998
130
97
771

Men who maintain families

2,186

77.3

2,055

131

6.0

643

43

51

89

461

Relatives in families maintained by men ...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,798
341
476
981

64.4
56.9
78.9
61.8

1,611
289
438
884

187
52
38
97

10.4
15.3
7.9

992
258
127
607

325
11
48
266

316
225
56
35

77

275
22
21
232

Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatlves, persons in families
where the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women

18




2
75

who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates
shown in other tables in this publication because of differences in
definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men
Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

Unemployment
rates

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,669

3,464

1,424
498

1,329
482
1,654

White, 16 years and over . .
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,797

1,747

Women

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

5.5
3.4
7.6
10.1

Thousands of
persons
Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

5.2
3.2
7.0
9.1

3,133

2,860
1,135
663

4.9
3.1
7.0
8.6

4.5
2.9
6.3
8.0

Unemployment
rates
Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

1,062

5.8
4.1
6.4
8.8

5.1
3.7
6.0
7.6

2,234
1,020
488
726

2,056
938
457
660

4.8
3.9
5.7
6.6

4.4
3.5
5.2
5.8

799
158
193
448

706
150
193
363

12.0
6.5
10.0
19.4

10.5
6.2
9.5
15.7

1,227

691
1,215

1,169
382

2,635
1,072
358

1,247

1,205

Black, 16 years and over . .
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

746
203
103
440

721
215
102
404

11.5
6.2
11.1

19.2

10.9
6.8
11.0
16.2

Total, 25 years and over . ..
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,333
1,301
467
566

2,277
1,223
458

596

4.3
3.2
7.4
7.0

4.1
3.0
6.9
6.8

1,950
992
614
344

1,824
935
597
293

4.5
3.6
6.0
5.9

4.0
3.3
5.6
4.6

White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,818
1,068
355
396

1,762
986
343
433

3.8
3.0
6.7
6.0

3.6
2.7
6.2
6.1

1,436
828
432
176

1,311
760
404
146

3.9
3.4
5.3
3.9

3.4
3.0
4.8
3.0

Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

437
182
102
153

439
203

8.5
5.8
11.2
13.7

8.4
6.7
10.6

453
126
172
155

452
129
182
139

8.5
5.6
9.3
12.9

8.3
5.8
9.3
10.8




95
140

10.9

19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed ptrtont by occupation and atx
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Unemployment rates

Men

Total

Total

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

6,325

5.6

5.2

5.5

5.2

5.8

5.1

584
355
229

483
266
217

2.0
2.6
1.5

1.6
1.8
1.4

2.1
2.4
1.7

1.5
1.7
1.3

2.0
2.9
1.3

1.7
2.0
1.5

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,518
84
633
801

1,421

4.1
2.5
4.5
4.1

3.8
2.5
4.1
3.8

3.2
1.8
3.0
4.0

3.3
2.6
3.2
3.9

4.6
3.2
5.9
4.2

4.1
2.4
5.1
3.8

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,236
46
97

1,123
58

1,093

973

7.5
4.5
4.8
8.2

6.8
5.8
4.5
7.2

7.7
4.3
6.5
8.1

6.9
5.2
6.8
7.0

750
163
398
189

750
198
353
199

5.2
3.5
7.2
4.4

1,627
686
293
647
190
458

1,524
587
339
598
208
390

8.3
7.7
5.7
11.7
19.0
10.1

6.6
6.5
10.9
22.0
8.6

Farming, forestry, and fishing

296

269

8.4

7.5

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

753
539

710
442
142
127

Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
,
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

20




Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

6,802

Women

124
91

90
604
727

92

7.3

6.6

O

O

4.5
8.3

4.2
7.4

5.2
4.3
6.4
4.5

5.2
3.5
7.1
4.5

5.2
4.1
6.5
4.5

4.8
3.6
13.0
3.9

5.0
7.9
2.5
4.7

7.8

8.2
7.0

7.6
5.3

5.9
12.0

8.3
8.5
3.6
10.0

O

O

10.1

6.8
11.2
21.1
8.6

8.6
8.8
3.2
10.3

9.6

8.7

8.2

7.4

9.1

7.7

18.8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by Industry snd ssx

industry

Thousands of
persons
Total

tJnemployment rates
Men

Total

Women

Nov.

Nov.

Nov.

Nov.

Nov.

Nov.

Nov.

Nov.

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

1987

1988

6,802

6,325

5.6

5.2

5.5

5.2

5.8

5.1

5,054

4,875

5.6

5.3

5.6

5.4

5.6

5.3

51
613

55
622

5.8
9.8

7.4
9.9

5.9
9.8

8.0
10.2

5.5
9.2

4.6
6.8

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Funiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

1,144
599
61
28
35
42
59
97
89
129
81
48
27
32
545
150
49
107
22
81
60
42
32

1,076
590
55
35
21
28
11
101
92
131
72
59
27
22
486
151
50
91
28
72
38
30
26

5.3
4.7
8.5
4.6
5.6
4.8
4.4
3.7
4.2
4.9
6.6
3.4
3.8
6.0
6.2
8.2
6.5
8.5
3.0
4.6
4.8
5.4
8.1

5.0
4.6
7.1
5.2
3.4
3.3
5.6
3.9
4.3
4.8
5.5
4.2
3.9
4.2
5.5
7.9
7.0
8.0
3.8
4.1
2.9
3.5
7.5

4.6
4.4
8.2
5.3
5.1
4.4
4.4
3.0
3.0
4.8
6.1
3.5
4.3
6.4
5.0
7.2
4.1
4.4
3.1
3.6
4.5
6.5
4.9

4.3
4.1
7.2
5.3
2.7
3.7
5.2
3.2
3.2
4.2
4.7
3.7
3.4
4.1
4.7
7.0
5.7
8.4
3.4
3.7
2.7
2.3
8.7

6.6
5.5
10.1
3.3
7.7
8.3
4.3
5.7
5.8
5.2
8.3
3.0
3.2
5.5
7.7
9.9
8.8
9.7
2.6
5.7
5.4
3.2
13.0

6.3
5.8
6.7
5.2
6.2
.5
6.7
6.0
6.0
7.2
8.2
5.9
4.5
4.3
6.6
9.7
8.5
7.8
4.9
4.5
3.3
6.2
5.4

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

254
185
70
1,481
178
1,303
215
1,296
427
869

249
203
46
1,351
166
1,185
227
1,295
427
868

4.1
5.1
2.6
6.5
4.0
7.0
2.9
5.2
3.1
7.8

3.9
5.3
1.8
5.8
3.8
6.3
3.2
5.0
2.9
7.7

4.1
5.0
2.6
5.9
3.8
6.6
3.0
5.7
2.6
8.0

4.2
5.7
1.6
5.3
3.5
6.0
3.1
5.1
2.3
7.4

4.1
5.7
2.7
7.1
4.6
7.4
2.9
5.0
3.4
7.7

3.0
4.0
2.0
6.4
4.5
6.6
3.2
4.9
3.2
7.9

217
778
753

180
560
710

12.7
2.8
_

10.4
1.9

12.8
2.8
_

10.5
2.0
_

12.2
2.7
_

9.8
1.8

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience




21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over
Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

1,050
174
48
126
163
272
441

5,031
2,363
681
1,682
777
1,378
513

4,691
2,246
619
1,627
754
1,237
453

1,545
721
122
600
137
476
210

1,427
578
121
456
182
444
224

100.0
15.3
3.5
11.8
11.3
31.4
42.0

100.0
16.5
4.6
11.9
15.5
25.9
42.0

100.0
46.9
13.5
33.4
15.4
27.4
10.2

100.0
47.9
13.2
34.7
16.1
26.4
9.7

100.0
46.7
7.9
38.8
8.9
30.8
13.6

100.0
40.5
8.5
32.0
12.7
31.1
15.7

2.6
1.9
5.3
7.0

2.3
2.2
3.6
5.8

2.3
.7
1.3
.5

2.1
.7
1.2
.4

5.5
1.0
3.6
1.6

4.3
1.4
3.3
1.7

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

6,802
3,171
825
2,346
950
1,929
752

6,325
2,909
757
2,152
966
1,740
709

2,999
1,995
549
1,446
421
510
73

2,895
1,882
451
1,431
383
525
105

2,525
980
231
749
385
1,017
142

2,379
853
258
595
419
943
163

1,279
196
45
151
144
402
537

100.0
46.6
12.1
34.5
14.0
28.4
11.1

100.0
46.0
12.0
34.0
15.3
27.5
11.2

100.0
66.5
18.3
48.2
14.0
17.0
2.4

100.0
65.0
15.6
49.4
13.2
18.1
3.6

100.0
38.8
9.1
29.7
15.3
40.3
5.6

100.0
35.9
10.8
25.1
17.6
39.6
6.8

2.6
.8
1.6

2.4
.8
1.4
.6

3.2
.7
.8
.1

3.0
.6
.8
.2

2.0
.8
2.0
.3

1.6
.8
1.8
.3

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Black

White

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

22




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reaeon for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
fNovember 1986>
Duration of unemployment

Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Total 16 vears and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
N©w ©ntrants

Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women 20 years and over

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

100.0

48.7

30.2

21.1

10.8

10.3

2,909
757
.2,152
1,740
709

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

42.5
60.0
36.3
50.6
56.1
53.6

31.1
26.2
32.8
32.8
28.8
26.3

26.4
13.8
30.9
16.5
15.1
20.1

12.8
9.0
14.1
9.5
7.6
12.0

13.6
4.8
16.8
7.0
7.5
8.1

2,895

100.0

42.7

29.4

28.0

13.2

14.8

1,882
451
1,431
383
525
105

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

39.9
56.8
34.6
45.2
51.5
38.7

29.6
26.8
30.5
32.0
27.8
23.4

30.5
16.4
35.0
22.8
20.7
37.9

14.2
10.9
15.3
11.1
10.9
14.7

16.3
5.5
19.7
11.7
9.8
23.3

2,379

100.0

50.9

31.7

17.5

9.2

8.3

853
258
595
419
943
163

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

43.5
62.8
35.1
49.1
58.0
52.7

34.7
25.9
38.5
36.1
27.9
26.6

21.9
11.3
26.4
14.9
14.1
20.7

11.5
7.3
13.3
9.6
6.5
10.6

10.4
4.0
13.1
5.2

1,050

100.0

60.5

29.0

10.4

7.7

2.7

174
48
126
163
272
441

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

65.2

30.1

4.7

3.7

O

o

O

O

O

5.6
6.1
8.1
15.7

5.3
5.2
5.1
11.9

.9
3.0
3.7

Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Less than
5 weeks

6,325

nee

Men 20 vsars and over

Job losers
On layoff
Other lob losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1

Percent

61.3
67.4
58.3
57.5

33.1
26.5
33.7
26.8

7.5
10.1

1.0
.3

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-16. Unemployed persons by duration <Df unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks




Thousands of persons

Full-time workers
Percent distribution

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

6,802

6,325

100.0

3,131
2,039
1,523
516
1,633
770
863
319
544

3,080
1,909
1,439
470
1,335
682
653
213
440

46.0
30.0
22.4
7.6
24.0
11.3
12.7
4.7
8.0

14.0
5.9

12.5
5.3

•

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

100.0

5,287

4,927

100.0

100.0

48.7
30.2
22.8
7.4
21.1
10.8
10.3
3.4
7.0

2,185
1,645
1,227
417
1,457
677
780
295
485

2,184
1,515
1,152
364
1,228
625
603
203
400

41.3
31.1
23.2
7.9
27.6
12.8
14.8
5.6
9.2

44.3
30.7
23.4
7.4
24.9
12.7
12.2
4.1
8.1

15.6
7.0

14.0
6.2

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment

Sex, age, race, and
marital status

Total

Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks
weeks
5 weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Thousands of persons
27
weeks
and
over

Unemployed
less than
5 weeks

Unemployed
15 weeks
and over

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

5.3
4.1
4.6
5.7
6.0
6.8
9.2
5.8

46.0
59.3
51.3
44.0
38.7
37.0
34.0
47.3

48.7
60.5
54.4
46.2
45.8
41.9
30.2
45.6

24.0
12.0
17.6
24.4
32.8
33.0
38.0
27.9

21.1
10.4
18.1
20.9
23.8
29.7
37.9
29.7

13.7
19.2
22.6
22.4

6.1
4.5
4.8
6.2
7.0
9.1
9.4

44.8
55.8
51.8
43.1
41.5
33.9
31.1

26.8
11.5
19.0
24.7
40.7
42.6
38.4

25.4
12.0
18.1
26.0
29.6
38.0
40.2

O

O

42.9
57.7
50.0
42.1
33.8
28.9
32.7

9.7
5.9
9.1
10.1

4.7
3.8
4.4
5.0
5.0
4.8
8.9

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

November 1988
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,325
1,050
1,174
1,898
1,081

653
28
75
205
152
109
70
14

184
186
319
164
111
64
6

431
48
70
137
73
57
35
11

448
20
42
132
96
93
54
11

876
122
137
306
166
86
42
17

251
33
67
54
32
40
21
3

205
8
33
73
56
16
16
3

2,327
1,195
1,132

1,391

780
611

504
327
176

470
334
136

14.9
9.3

651
308
343

470
232
239

152
87
65

154
95
59

543
186
824

372
153
509

186
48
196

614
323
591

336
213
327

108
62
81

1,909

693
333
96

635
639
877
494
291
101
44

305
323
625
329
197
106
24

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,464

1,552

1,033

569
619
568
395
222
59

317
321
445
236
134
69
30

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,860

1,528

481
555
865
512
298
111
37

318
318
432
258
157
32
13

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,691
2,635
2,056

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,427

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

24




1,033

721
706
1,329

482
1,654

1,135

663
1,062

12.5
7.1
9.5

682
81
137
191
105
97
56
14

3,080

12.1
15.8
17.1
20.0
18.5

14.8
8.2
9.9

12.1

9.7
15.4

O

O

49.7
61.1
52.8
46.0
44.0
47.0
36.4

53.4
66.1
57.3
49.9
50.4
52.5
28.5

O
20.7
12.5
16.0
24.0
24.1
21.2
37.3

16.0
8.5
18.0
14.7
17.3
18.7
33.4

O

O

0

0

5.1
6.0
4.5

47.1
44.4
50.6

49.6
45.3
55.1

22.8
25.7
19.3

20.8
25.1
15.2

12.4
13.9
10.9

5.9
6.3
5.3

42.8
36.6
48.5

45.6
42.6
48.6

27.4
31.4
23.5

21.4
25.2
17.6

228
95
125

17.5
20.8
10.8

6.6
7.8
5.0

38.6
34.3
48.8

40.8
38.7
49.8

34.2
31.8
19.3

31.2
29.6
19.4

78
64
63

9.4
11.1

4.6
5.3
4.5

50.7
43.1
52.5

54.1
48.7
55.7

18.4
27.8
19.1

16.4
19.1
13.6

0
12.5

9.2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons

Occupation and industry

Total

Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks
weeks
5 weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

November 1988

Unemployed Unemployed
15 weeks
less than
and over
5 weeks
Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

483
1,421
1,123
750
1,524
269

193
713
587
341
715
137

161
450
348
238
424
84

72
145
99
71
171
28

57
112
89
93
213
20

13.6
10.5
10.4
14.4
14.8
10.4

7.1
5.0
4.8
6.0
5.7
4.9

39.4
46.0
47.2
47.1
43.0
45.9

39.9
50.2
52.2
45.5
46.9
50.9

26.2
25.3
20.4
23.4
29.0
17.5

26.8
18.1
16.8
22.7
25.2
17.9

180
637
1,076
590
486
283
1,355
1,724
163

91
341
458
257
201
100
697
854
66

57
166
356
165
191
87
410
547
48

14
69
117
71
46
45
128
175
29

17
61
145
96
49
50
119
147
21

11.9
11.6
14.7
16.1
12.9
17.7
11.4
10.8
16.0

4.9
4.7
6.4
6.4
6.4
9.6
4.9
5.1
7.5

45.4
48.8
40.4
39.2
41.9
45.8
43.9
48.4
35.2

50.7
53.5
42.6
43.5
41.4
35.4
51.5
49.5
40.4

16.2
22.4
31.9
34.6
28.9
23.9
24.5
20.6
35.0

17.6
20.4
24.4
28.4
19.4
33.7
18.2
18.7
30.3

710

381

186

85

57

11.9

4.7

55.2

53.6

17.4

20.1

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration .
No previous work experience
Includes wage and salary workers only.




25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
November 1988
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

Other

Average
number of
methods
used

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,325
1,050
1,174
1,898
1,081
693
333
96

5,459
990
1,047
1,640
871
567
264
79

20.6
12.5
18.4
23.3
29.6
19.4
19.7
8.9

7.4
3.0
8.2
7.1
12.4
6.7
7.6
5.1

73.8
82.9
73.7
73.5
68.2
75.1
58.3
75.9

34.5
24.2
36.1
37.0
40.2
34.7
36.0
22.8

17.5
12.5
19.0
17.6
19.6
18.3
21.2
13.9

5.0
3.6
5.0
5.0
5.5
5.8
6.4
6.3

1.59
1.39
1.60
1.63
1.76
1.60
1.49
1.33

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,464
569
619
1,033
568
395
222
59

2,917
526
550
844
443
332
178
46

22.6
14.6
20.7
25.4
33.6
20.2
20.2

7.7
1.7
9.5
8.2
14.2
4.2
7.9

31.6
23.6
30.9
34.1
36.8
32.8
38.2

19.2
15.0
19.8
19.9
19.9
23.8
19.1

5.6
3.4
4.4
6.0
5.0
8.1
9.6

O

O

o

O

1.61
1.40
1.63
1.68
1.77
1.64
1.51

O

O

74.6
82.1
77.3
74.8
67.9
74.4
56.2

O

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,860
481
555
865
512
298
111
37

2,542
464
497
796
428
235
87
34

18.3
10.1
15.9
21.1
25.7
18.3
18.4

7.0
4.3
6.8
6.0
10.5
10.6
5.7

37.8
25.0
41.9
39.9
43.7
37.4
31.0

15.5
9.7
18.1
15.2
19.4
10.6
25.3

4.4
4.1
5.6
3.9
6.1
2.6

0

73.0
83.8
69.8
72.0
68.5
75.7
62.1

1.56
1.37
1.58
1.58
1.74
1.55
1.43

O

O

O

O

O

O

White, 16 years and over...
Men
Women

4,691
2,635
2,056

3,977
2,176
1,801

19.6
21.9
16.9

8.3
8.1
8.6

73.7
74.4
72.8

36.1
33.6
39.1

18.0
19.5
16.2

5.2
6.1
4.1

1.61
1.64
1.58

Black, 16 years and over ...
Men
Women

1,427
721
706

1,299
644
655

22.8
24.4
21.2

5.0
6.4
3.7

74.4
75.0
73.9

29.8
26.7
32.8

16.2
18.9
13.6

4.2
3.3
5.0

1.52
1.55
1.50

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

A-20. Unemployed Jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
November 1988
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex and reason
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

Other

Average
number of
methods
used

Total, 16 years and over....
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

6,325
2,909
966
1,740
709

5,459
2,156
984
1,614
705

20.6
28.5
20.6
14.7
10.1

7.4
8.9
10.7
5.3
3.1

73.8
74.5
71.5
71.3
80.7

34.5
36.3
39.7
35.4
19.6

17.5
21.3
15.9
14.8
14.2

5.0
5.0
4.0
7.0
2.0

1.59
1.74
1.62
1.48
1.30

Men, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,464
2,001
463
661
340

2,917
1,512
472
597
337

22.6
28.6
21.4
16.6
7.4

7.7
8.3
9.1
7.5
2.7

74.6
76.3
70.8
68.2
83.7

31.6
33.5
37.7
30.5
16.9

19.2
20.8
19.3
17.8
14.8

5.6
4.5
5.5
9.7
3.3

1.61
1.72
1.64
1.50
1.29

Women, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,860
908
503
1,079
370

2,542
644
512
1,018
366

18.3
28.0
19.9
13.6
12.2

7.0
10.1
12.1
4.0
3.3

73.0
70.7
72.5
73,0
78.3

37.8
42.7
41.8
38.3
22.3

15.5
22.5
12.7
13.2
13.6

4.4
6.2
2.7
5.4
.8

1.56
1.80
1.62
1.47
1.30

1
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not Include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

26




30 days, groups for whom jobseeking Information Is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians In agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Men

Total
Industry and age

Women

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

113,809
6,354
2,489
3,865
13,383
79,294
33,641
27,854
17,798
11,659
7,030
4,629
3,120

116,314
6,492
2,579
3,913
13,023
81,830
33,911
29,099
18,819
11,592
6,968
4,623
3,377

62,491
3,202
1,221
1,981
6,911
43,726
18,674
15,177
9,875
6,742
4,044
2,699
1,910

63,442
3,341
1,299
2,043
6,791
44,824
18,793
15,740
10,291
6,555
3,914
2,641
1,931

51,318
3,152
1,268
1,884
6,472
35,567
14,967
12,677
7,923
4,917
2,987
1,930
1,210

52,872
3,151
1,281
1,871
6,232
37,006
15,118
13,360
8,528
5,037
3,054
1,983
1,446

Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,020
162
86
76
342
1,809
745
602
461
441
227
214
266

3,111
200
95
105
317
1,879
779
586
514
438
248
190
275

2,367
134
72
62
297
1,366
584
439
343
341
170
170
230

2,426
158
68
90
266
1,444
617
435
392
330
190
140
228

653
29
15
14
45
443
161
164
118
101
57
44
36

684
42
27
16
51
436
162
152
122
108
58
50
47

110,789
6,192
2,403
3,789
13,041
77,485
32,896
27,252
17,337
11,218
6,803
4,415
2,854

113,203
6,292
2,484
3,808
12,706
79,950
33,132
28,513
18,305
11,153
6,721
4,433
3,102

60,124
3,069
1,150
1,919
6,614
42,361
18,091
14,738
9,532
6,402
3,873
2,528
1,680

61,016
3,183
1,230
1,953
6,525
43,380
18,176
15,305
9,899
6,225
3,725
2,500
1,703

50,665
3,124
1,253
1,871
6,427
35,124
14,806
12,514
7,805
4,816
2,930
1,886
1,174

52,188
3,109
1,254
1,855
6,181
36,570
14,956
13,208
8,406
4,928
2,996
1,933
1,399

Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over




27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Men

Total

Occupation

16 years
and over
Nov.
1987

Total

Nov.
1988

16 years
and over
Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Women
20 years
and over

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

16 years
and over
Nov.
1987

20 years
and over

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

113,809 116,314 62,491 63,442 59,289 60,101 51,318 52,872 48,166 49,721

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

28,266 29,800 15,698 16,281 15,620 16,215 12,568 13,519 12,457 13,390
5,690
5,745 5,101
8,293 8,685 8,260 8,649 5,151
13,444 14,430
255
564
218
255
218
346
341
346
341
596
9,357 10,032 6,178 6,526 6,150 6,495 3,179 3,506 3,145 3,459
1,769
3,524
1,818
1,765
1,813 1,755 1,984 1,738 1,975
3,802
14,822 15,370
7,405 7,597 7,360 7,565 7,417 7,773 7,356 7,700
115
130
115
128
1,740 1,755 1,625 1,625 1,625 1,624
683
225
245
225
245
458
460
455
460
705
402
90
97
97
260
357
90
312
312
260
826
676
867
150
152
150
149
715
676
715
293
2,118 2,158
298
291
298 1,826 1,860 1,822 1,856
308
305
456
823
742
286
515
456
511
282
3,805 4,068 1,023 1,097 1,012 1,088 2,782 2,971 2,756 2,928
706
129
577
574
775
146
146
630
630
129
3,799 3,860 1,985 1,995 1,958 1,979 1,814 1,865 1,786 1,846

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

35,461 35,863 12,387 12,574 11,775 11,869 23,074 23,289 21,366 21,548
3,346 3,538
1,734
1,810
1,707
1,781 1,612 1,728 1,592 1,710
1,173
1,261
1,037
191
981
1,043
973
218
188
216
1,029
1,149
847
234
915
183
173
221
828
896
1,144
1,128
696
676
691
452
669
448
452
445
13,577 14,044
6,981 7,125 6,598 6,706 6,597 6,919 5,604 5,855
3,597 3,708 2,394
2,477
2,367 2,465 1,202
1,232
1,180 1,199
2,379
2,526
1,474
1,434
936 1,052
904 1,006
1,443
1,460
1,545
1,568
1,269 1,234 1,255 1,229
276
334
271
326
5,991
6,177
1,855 1,928 1,524 1,540 4,136 4,249 3,205 3,274
66
65
20
44
50
13
18
46
52
13
3,673 3,640 3,470 3,381 14,865 14,642 14,171 13,983
18,538 18,281
334
276
334
767
275
705
433
429
428
430
276
295
313
266
854
588
577
564
542
901
111
102
104 4,972 4,557 4,790 4,395
106
5,078 4,669
232
217
227 2,172 2,228 2,122 2,183
231
2,460
2,403
604
621
583
640
964
991
351
360
332
342
8,399 8,630 2,050 2,140 1,901 1,927 6,350 6,490 5,934 6,092

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

15,199
965

5,061
15
1,621
3,425
1,349
169
1,542365

9,290
931
276
8,083
3,263
1,719
1,197
1,904

9,538
918
280
8,340
3,228
1,773
1,332
2,007

8,236
786
255
7,195
2,638
1,617
1,141
1,799

8,528
111
263
7,488
2,636
1,703
1,266
1,884

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,712 13,779 12,541 12,607 12,227 12,278
4,456 4,425 4,312 4,280 4,208 4,176
5,108 5,172 5,003 5,068 4,846 4,912
4,148 4,182 3,225 3,259 3,173 3,190

1,171
144
104
923

1,171
145
104
923

1,139
143
102
894

1,130
132
98
900

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,936 18,057 13,244 13,251 12,127 12,115
8,172
8,279 4,759 4,880 4,565 4,660
6,694 6,836 3,843 3,986 3,693 3,854
2,399 2,488
3,678 3,792 2,493 2,563
3,016
3,044 1,350 1,423 1,294 1,366
1,478
1,444
894
872
806
916
4,867
4,903 4,441 4,435 4,289 4,299
3,613
3,630 3,236 3,215 3,109 3,096
1,254
1,273 1,205 1,220 1,180 1,203
4,897
4,874 4,044 3,936 3,273 3,155
809
739
775
714
640
700
4,088
4,135 3,269 3,222 2,572 2,516

4,693
3,413
2,851
1,185
1,666
562
426
378
49
854
34
820

4,806
3,399
2,849
1,228
1,621
550
469
416
53
938
26
912

4,471
3,312
2,773
1,170
1,603
539
410
364
46
749
27
723

4,614
3,306
2,775
1,197
1,579
531
464
412
52
844
22
822

522
191
330

549
225
324

496
189
307

511
221
291

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

28




15,489
941

1,939 1,929
12,296 12,619
5,156 5,223
1,922 1,954
2,892 3,027
2,325 2,415

3,235
1,278
1,957

3,326
1,311
2,015

5,909
34
1,663
4,213
1,893
203
1,695
421

2,713
1,087
1,626

5,952
23
1,649
4,280
1,995
181
1,695
408

2,776
1,086
1,690

5,012
22
1,613
3,377
1,277
187
1,538
376

2,527
1,086
1,441

2,563
1,077
1,486

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Men

Total
Occupation and race

Women

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

113,809
100.0

116,314
100.0

62,491
100.0

63,442
100.0

51,318
100.0

52,872
100.0

24.8
11.8
13.0
31.2

25.6
12.4
13.2
30.8
3.0
12.1
15.7

25.1
13.3
11.8
19.8
2.8

25.7
13.7
12.0
19.8

25.6
10.9
14.7
44.0
3.3

11.2

11.2
5.7

24.5
10.0
14.5
45.0
3.1
12.9
29.0

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) .
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

2.9
11.9

16.3
13.4
.8
1.7
10.8
12.0
15.8
7.2
4.3
4.3
2.8

13.3
.8
1.7

10.8
11.8
15.5
7.1
4.2
4.2

5.9
9.5
.1
2.7
6.7

20.1

2.9

6.2
4.4

18.1
1.8
.5
15.8
2.3
9.1
6.7
.8
1.7
1.0

13.1
27.7
18.0
1.7
.5
15.8
2.2
9.1
6.4
.9
1.8
1.0

9.4

O
2.6
6.7
19.9
20.9
7.7
7.0

2.9

21.2
7.6
7.1
6.5
4.3

98,698
100.0

100,818
100.0

54,856
100.0

55,647
100.0

43,842
100.0

45,171
100.0

25.9
12.4
13.4
31.5
3.0
12.4
16.1

26.8
13.1
13.7
31.1
3.0

26.2
14.0
12.2
20.1
2.9

26.9
14.5
12.4
20.0

26.7
11.4

12.6

15.4
12.2
.7
1.6
9.9
12.3
14.6
6.7
4.1

11.7
5.5
8.4
.1
2.6
5.8
20.7
20.0
7.2
6.8

11.8
5.3
8.5

25.5
10.5
15.0
45.8
3.1
13.3
29.4
16.7

3.8
3.0

11,632
100.0
15.4
6.8
8.6
27.5
2.3
7.4
17.7

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) .
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ,
Farming, forestry, and fishing

12.1
.7
1.7

9.7
12.5
14.9
6.7
4.1
4.1
3.0

2.9

15.3
44.8
3.3
13.6

6.0
4.5

19.6
7.3
6.7
5.6
4.5

1.6
.5
14.7
2.3
8.5
6.1
.8
1.6
1.1

27.9
16.7
1.6
.5
14.7
2.1
8.5
6.0
.8
1.7
1.2

11,923
100.0

5,764
100.0

5,878
100.0

5,868
100.0

6,045
100.0

14.8
6.7
8.1
28.7
2.3
7.8
18.6
22.3
1.7
2.7

13.2
6.4
6.8
16.1
1.5
5.6
9.0

12.5
6.3
6.2
17.4
1.9
5.8
9.7

17.6
7.2

17.0
7.1
10.0

0
2.5
6.0
20.5

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) .
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

23.4
1.8
2.4

19.1
8.6
23.5
10.7
6.2
6.7
1.6

17.9
8.5
23.8
10.2
6.2
7.5
1.9

18.3
.1
3.7
14.5
15.5
34.0
11.5
11.3
11.2
2.9

16.5

O
4.2
12.3
15.0
35.1
11.2
11.2
12.7
3.5

10.4

38.6
3.1
9.2
26.2
28.3
3.5
1.2
23.7
1.9
13.3

9.9
1.1
2.3
.3

39.7
2.7
9.8
27.2
28.0
3.4
1.2
23.4
2.1
12.9
9.2
1.3
2.3
.3

Less than 0.05 percent.




29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
November 1988
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers

Age and sex
Total

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

104,123
6,223
2,456

3,767
12,358
31,070
25,844

Private
household Government
workers
1,213
184
126
58
118

16,363

206
226
164

9,786

187

5,902
3,883
2,478

96
91

17,657

271
79
193
992
4,346

5,602
3,816

2,156
1,335

127

821
474

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

55,263
3,142
1,215
1,927
6,302
16,897
13,646
8,665
5,322
3,186
2,136
1,287

134

8,107

41

119
32
87
399
1,998
2,599

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

48,860
3,081
1,241
1,840
6,056
14,173
12,197
7,698
4,463
2,716
1,747
1,191

1,079
143
96
48
117
174
202
140
180
91
89

30




31
10
2
32
24
25
7
6
2
3

124

1,777
1,013
616
396
202
9,550

152
46
106
593
2,347
3,003
2,039
1,144

719
425
272

Other

85,252
5,768
2,251
3,516
11,248
26,519

20,016
12,383
7,442
4,471
2,971

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Wage and
salary
workers

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

288
17
7
11
7
75
81
73
23
13
10
11

1,559

1,437
25
14
12
46
279

115
17
9
7
7
19
22
22
20
12

1,218
126
52
74
220
378

1,656
1,226
901

40
9
4
5
4
10
3
8
2

8,793
52
21
30
340
1,987
2,588
1,869

1,345
805
540

1,877

612

47,022
2,981
1,151
1,830
5,902
14,868
11,023
6,863
4,302
2,564
1,738
1,083

5,713
32

538
362
412

2
4

38,230
2,786
1,100
1,686
5,346
11,651
8,992
5,519
3,140
1,906
1,233
795

3,080
20
10
10
121
718
933
643
445
267
178
200

248
8
2
6
4
65
78
66
20
13
7
7

11

21
219
1,268

158
72
86
265
482
251
210
134
79
54
60

190

313
282
284
157
127
208
1,176

21
10
11
41
233
242

149
107
68
40
47

239
222

341
33
20
12
44

261
4
4

104
61
60
26
12
15
13

121

9
8
33
11
7
5
5
7
2
4
1
1

100
178

5
46
71
43
62
35
27
30

82
6
3
3
2

12
20
18
20
11
8
4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Employed civilians by Industry and occupation
(In thousands)
November 1988
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services...
Public administration

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

Precision
Machine
Farming,
producoperHandlers, forestry,
tion,
Transporand
ators,
equipment
craft,
tation
assemcleaners, fishing
and
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
inspeclaborers
tors

Total
Executive,
AdminisTechniemadministrative Private
cians
Profesployed
Other
trative,
and
sional
Sales support, houseand
service1
specialty related
including hold
manaclerical
support
gerial

3,111
721
7,667
21,256
12,734
8,523

81
96
991
2,509
1,529
981

87
71
175
1,696
1,154
543

21
25
35
706
521
185

30
15
83
742
307
436

104
99
431
2,335
1,313
1,021

11
8
32
343
192
151

42
226
4,449
4,070
2,809
1,260

13
17
75
6,836
3,792
3,044

44
143
518
770
468
302

24
21
851
1,158
571
587

2,655

8,146
23,876
4,572
19,304

897
2,056
502
1,554

460
405
72
333

310
117
30
87

301
9,960
1,799
8,161

2,211
2,370
799
1,570

239
4,355
74
4,281

1,237
1,499
302
1,197

100
329
121
208

1,769
1,006
473
532

608
1,742
387
1,354

14
38
12
26

7,827
37,981
1,219
36,762
24,489
5,728

2,003
4,547
1
4,545
2,502
1,250

184
11,544
8
11,536
10,329
748

134
1,946
4
1,942
1,605
245

1,988
895

2,973
6,095
8
6,087
4,411
1,665

275
7,939
143
7,797
4,377
1,346

175
1,812
12
1,799
367
268

15
861
1
860
240
34

6
595
7
588
344
53

9
417
25
392
87
45

65
390
70
320
82
47

895
146
30

941
941

26
92
79
13

Includes protective service, not shown separately.

A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1

Total
Reason not working and sex
Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Paid absences
Nov.
1987

Nov.
1986

Unpaid absences

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988

1,700
1,011
509

1,583
236
743

1,606
294
677

Total, 16 years and over...,
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

3,905
1,418
1,362
53
35
1,037

3,845
1,473
1,291
57
32
991

3,790
1,381
1,328
37
35
1,008

3,720
1,429
1,264
50
32
945

1,759
1,003
480
()
276

180

604

635

Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,157
891
730
536

2,041
936
599
505

2,056
858
696
503

1,931
898
575
457

1,017
661
249
108

958
661
230
67

764
108
393
263

737
168
308
261

Women, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

1,749
528
633
589

1,804
536
692
576

1,733
523
632
578

1,789
531
689
569

742
342
231
169

745
351
260
114

818
128
350
340

870
126
369
374

' Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and Industrial
dispute; these categories are included In all other reasons.
3




3

Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27.

Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
November 1988
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Hours of work
All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

112,469

2,986

109,483

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

32,398
800
5,150
14,580
11,868

859
54
205
404
196

31,539
746
4,945
14,176
11,672

28.8
.7
4.6
13.0
10.6

28.8
1.8
6.9
13.5
6.6

28.8
.7
4.5
12.9
10.7

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

80,072
6,796
40,030
33,246
11,684
12,618
8,944

2,127
133
617
1,377
253
390
734

77,943
6,662
39,413
31,868
11,431
12,227
8,210

71.2
6.0
35.6
29.6
10.4
11.2
8.0

71.2
4.5
20.7
46.1
8.5
13.1
24.6

71.2
6.1
36.0
29.1
10.4
11.2
7.5

38.7
43.3

43.4
50.8

38.6
43.1

Total, 16 years and over

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules

A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
November 1988
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours
Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

32,398

12,388

20,010

4,955
2,322
45
245
108
2,237

1,666
1,269
45
245
108

3,289
1,053

27,443
13,923
1,250
1,529
253
21
6,325
1,770
2,371

10,722

1,501

21.7
22.7

1,516
10,352

Total
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

32




Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

31,539

12,070

19,470

4,699
2,138
44
231
108
2,180

1,528
1,146
44
231
108

3,171
992

10,542

1,770
870

26,840
13,606
1,241
1,479
217
21
6,308
1,735
2,235

1,417

1,735
818

23.9
28.3

20.6
19.1

21.8
22.8

24.0
28.4

20.7
19.1

722
7,409

794
2,943

1,449
10,223

672
7,329

777
2,894

2,237

1,250
1,372
253
21
6,325

16,721
13,923
157

Total

2,180

1,241
1,339
217
21
6,308

16,298
13,606
140

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
November 1988
Industry

Total
at
work

On part
time
for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or less
hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

109,483

4,699

16,298

88,486

56,618

11,431

20,437

38.6

43.1

100,774

4,079

14,745

81,950

53,681

10,777

17,492

38.4

42.7

669

20

14

635

357

94

184

44.2

45.5

5,943

419

240

5,284

3,622

587

1,075

39.8

42.1

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

20,096
12,088
8,008

442
177
265

741
349
393

18,913
11,562
7,350

11,713
7,103
4,609

3,170
1,919
1,252

4,030
2,540
1,489

42.1
42.6
41.5

43.4
43.5
43.3

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

7,484
21,396
6,932

191
1,258
142

515
5,412
638

6,778
14,726
6,152

4,397
8,693
4,295

835
2,292
684

1,546
3,741
1,173

41.1
36.7
39.0

43.2
44.1
41.3

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

32,781
1,178
31,603
5,474

1,537
228
1,309
69

6,662
500
6,162
525

24,582
450
24,132
4,880

16,784
274
16,510
3,820

2,740
62
2,678
375

5,058
114
4,944
685

36.4
26.0
36.8
36.6

42.2
44.9
42.2
38.9

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,421
288

607
14

1,414
139

6,400
135

2,866
70

638
16

2,896
49

40.9
33.5

48.0
46.2

Total, 16 years and over
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction




33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
November 1988

Sex, age, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

109,483
6,145
2,405
3,740
103,339
12,394
90,946
59,722
28,319
2,904

4,699
450
94
357
4,249
789
3,461
2,336
997
127

16,298
3,739
2,095
1,644
12,559
2,332
10,227
5,608
3,198
1,421

88,486
1,956
216
1,739
86,531
9,273
77,258
51,778
24,124
1,356

56,618
1,529
183
1,345
55,090
6,430
48,661
32,063
15,628
969

31,868
427
33
394
31,441
2,843
28,597
19,715
8,496
387

38.6
24.7
17.4
29.3
39.4
36.5
39.9
40.5
39.7
28.3

43.1
40.5
37.4
40.9
43.1
42.2
43.2
43.4
43.0
41.1

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

59,085
3,106
1,187
1,919
55,978
6,372
49,606
32,529
15,485
1,593

2,128
225
50
175
1,903
385
1,517
1,046
410
62

4,889
1,772
1,006
766
3,117
968
2,149
821
665
663

52,068
1,109
131
978
50,958
5,019
45,940
30,662
14,410
868

29,566
849
112
739
28,716
3,189
25,527
16,587
8,360
580

22,502
260
19
239
22,242
1,830
20,413
14,075
6,050
288

41.7
26.1
18.5
30.8
42.6
38.6
43.1
43.8
42.9
30.6

44.7
41.1
38.5
41.5
44.7
43.6
44.9
45.1
44.5
41.6

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

50,399
3,038
1,217
1,821
47,361
6,022
41,339
27,194
12,834
1,311

2,571
225
44
181
2,346
404
1,942
1,290
588
64

11,409
1,967
1,089
878
9,442
1,364
8,078
4,787
2,533
758

36,419
846
84
762
35,573
4,254
31,319
21,117
9,713
489

27,051
677
71
607
26,374
3,241
23,132
15,477
7,267
388

9,368
169
13
155
9,199
1,013
8,187
5,640
2,446
101

34.9
23.2
16.4
27.7
35.7
34.4
35.9
36.5
35.8
25.4

40.8
39.7
35.8
40.1
40.8
40.6
40.9
40.9
40.8
40.4

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

94,760
51,751
43,009

3,808
1,755
2,052

14,624
4,292
10,332

76,328
45,704
30,625

47,295
25,000
22,295

29,033
20,704
8,330

38.7
42.0
34.8

43.4
45.0
41.0

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

11,288
5,508
5,780

758
326
432

1,212
400
812

9,318
4,782
4,536

7,231
3,473
3,757

2,087
1,309
779

37.5
39.3
35.8

41.0
42.2
39.8

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

37,839
5,888
15,357

914
300
915

1,461
322
3,107

35,464
5,266
11,335

19,179
3,002
7,383

16,285
2,264
3,952

43.6
42.0
37.0

45.1
44.5
43.4

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

27,866
9,978
12,556

1,298
562
711

6,661
1,323
3,425

19,907
8,093
8,420

15,018
5,836
6,199

4,889
2,257
2,221

34.8
37.2
33.6

40.6
41.1
41.1

RACE

MARITAL STATUS

34




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
November 1988
Average
hours,
Average
workers
hours,
on full49
total
41 to 48
time
hours
at work
hours
schedor more
ules

O n full-time schedules
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
...
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.




Total
at
work

On
O n part
voluntime for
tary
economic
part
reasons
time

Total

40
hours
or less

109,287

4,672

16,278

88,338

56,428

11,432

20,478

38.6

43.1

28,958
14,003
14,955
34,783
3,421
13,640
17,723
14,937
914
1,841
12,182
13,271
17,337
7,966
4,687
4,684

497
170
327
1,239
73
613
553
1,336
185
33
1,119
632
968
320
235
413

2,950
767
2,183
6,803
461
3,037
3,304
4,339
407
164
3,768
511
1,675
395
405
876

25,512
13,067
12,445
26,741
2,886
9,989
13,866
9,262
323
1,644
7,295
12,128
14,694
7,251
4,047
3,396

14,280
6,898
7,382
18,385
2,070
5,095
11,221
6,646
203
955
5,488
7,750
9,366
4,793
2,115
2,459

3,131
1,607
1,524
3,115
361
1,382
1,372
1,008
52
260
696
1,765
2,412
1,304
588
519

8,101
4,562
3,539
5,241
455
3,513
1,273
1,608
68
430
1,111
2,612
2,916
1,154
1,344
418

41.3
43.4
39.4
36.9
38.1
38.9
35.1
33.6
24.3
42.3
33.0
41.3
39.8
40.8
42.3
35.7

44.3
45.0
43.5
42.1
41.3
45.9
39.5
42.4
42.8
45.3
41.7
43.2
43.2
42.6
45.7
41.4

58,757

2,104

4,812

51,840

29,326

7,245

15,269

41.8

44.7

15,843
8,436
7,407
12,261
1,764
6,963
3,535
5,751
23
1,566
4,162
12,159
12,742
4,710
4,243
3,789

229
94
135
282
34
139
109
341
14
30
297
577
676
134
195
347

812
283
530
1,389
150
740
498
1,174
6
89
1,078
361
1,076
163
251
662

14,802
8,060
6,743
10,591
1,580
6,084
2,927
4,236
3
1,447
2,787
11,221
10,990
4,414
3,797
2,780

7,159
3,682
3,477
5,570
1,049
2,473
2,048
2,830
808
2,022
7,129
6,639
2,728
1,927
1,984

1,777
960
817
1,495
216
898
381
515
235
280
1,625
1,833
837
560
437

5,867
3,418
2,449
3,526
315
2,713
498
892
3
404
485
2,466
2,518
849
1,310
359

44.5
45.5
43.2
41.7
39.6
44.4
37.6
37.2
(2)
43.9
34.8
41.6
40.7
42.2
43.4
35.9

46.2
46.7
45.7
45.3
42.1
48.0
41.5
43.7
(2)
45.9
42.5
43.3
43.9
43.5
46.1
41.5

50,530

2,568

11,465

36,497

27,101

4,187

5,209

34.9

40.8

13,115
5,567
7,548
22,522
1,657
6,676
14,188
9,186
892
274
8,020
1,113
4,595
3,256
444
895

268
76
192
957
39
474
444
995
171
2
822
55
292
187
39
66

2,137
484
1,653
5,414
311
2,297
2,806
3,165
400
75
2,690
150
599
232
154
213

10,710
5,008
5,702
16,151
1,307
3,905
10,939
5,026
320
197
4,508
908
3,704
2,837
251
616

7,121
3,216
3,905
12,815
1,021
2,622
9,173
3,816
203
147
3,466
621
2,728
2,065
189
474

1,354
647
707
1,620
146
484
991
493
53
24
417
140
579
468
29
82

2,234
1,144
1,090
1,715
140
799
776
716
65
26
626
146
397
305
34
59

37.6
40.1
35.7
34.2
36.5
33.1
34.5
31.4
24.4
33.3
32.1
38.2
37.3
38.8
31.3
34.7

41.6
42.3
41.0
39.9
40.3
42.6
39.0
41.3
42.6
40.3
41.3
42.1
41.1
41.2
39.9
41.1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1987

1988

Employment status and sex
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

185,225
122,349
66.1
115,259
62.2
1,755
113,504
3,172
110,332
7,090
5.8
62,876

185,370
122,472
66.1
115,494
62.3
1,750
113,744
3,215
110,529
6,978
5.7
62,898

185,571
122,924
66.2
115,878
62.4
1,749
114,129
3,293
110,836
7,046
5.7
62,647

185,705
123,084
66.3
116,145
62.5
1,736
114,409
3,228
111,182
6,938
5.6
62,621

185,847
122,639
66.0
115,839
62.3
1,736
114,103
3,204
110,899
6,801
5.5
63,208

185,964
123,055
66.2
116,445
62.6
1,732
114,713
3,228
111,485
6,610
5.4
62,909

186,088
122,692
65.9
115,909
62.3
1,714
114,195
3,035
111,160
6,783
5.5
63,396

186,247
123,157
66.1
116,703
62.7
1,685
115,018
3,085
111,933
6,455
5.2
63,090

186,402
123,357
66.2
116,732
62.6
1,673
115,059
3,046
112,014
6,625
5.4
63,045

186,522
123,723
66.3
116,872
62.7
1,692
115,180
3,151
112,029
6,851
5.5
62,799

186,666
123,628
66.2
117,032
62.7
1,704
115,328
3,169
112,158
6,596
5.3
63,038

186,801
123,699
66.2
117,208
62.7
1,687
115,521
3,266
112,255
6,491
5.2
63,102

186,949
124,277
66.5
117,681
62.9
1,705
115,976
3,276
112,700
6,595
5.3
62,672

88,849
68,019
76.6
64,174
72.2
1,593
62,581
3,845
5.7
20,830

88,924
68,030
76.5
64,245
72.2
1,589
62,656
3,785
5.6
20,894

89,033
68,243
76.6
64,396
72.3
1,588
62,808
3,847
5.6
20,790

89,099
68,343
76.7
64,636
72.5
1,577
63,059
3,707
5.4
20,756

89,168
68,148
76.4
64,332
72.1
1,573
62,759
3,816
5.6
21,020

89,225
68,445
76.7
64,892
72.7
1,569
63,323
3,553
5.2
20,780

89,287
68,318
76.5
64,583
72.3
1,553
63,030
3,736
5.5
20,969

89,367
68,429
76.6
64,934
72.7
1,523
63,411
3,495
5.1
20,938

89,445
68,521
76.6
65,002
72.7
1,512
63,490
3,519
5.1
20,924

89,504
68,723
76.8
64,954
72.6
1,529
63,425
3,768
5.5
20,781

89,577
68,608
76.6
65,052
72.6
1,540
63,512
3,555
5.2
20,970

89,637
68,544
76.5
64,943
72.5
1,526
63,417
3,600
5.3
21,093

89,716
68,721
76.6
65,079
72.5
1,542
63,537
3,642
5.3
20,995

96,376
54,330
56.4
51,085
53.0
162
50,923
3,245
6.0
42,046

96,446
54,442
56.4
51,249
53.1
161
51,088
3,193
5.9
42,004

96,538
54,681
56.6
51,482
53.3
161
51,321
3,200
5.9
41,857

96,606
54,740
56.7
51,509
53.3
159
51,350
3,231
5.9
41,866

96,679
54,491
56.4
51,507
53.3
163
51,344
2,985
5.5
42,188

96,739
54,610
56.5
51,553
53.3
163
51,390
3,057
5.6
42,129

96,801
54,374
56.2
51,327
53.0
161
51,166
3,047
5.6
42,427

96,880
54,728
56.5
51,769
53.4
162
51,607
2,960
5.4
42,152

96,957
54,836
56.6
51,730
53.4
161
51,569
3,106
5.7
42,121

97,018
55,000
56.7
51,918
53.5
163
51,755
3,083
5.6
42,018

97,089
55,020
56.7
51,979
53.5
164
51,815
3,041
5.5
42,069

97,164
55,155
56.8
52,265
53.8
161
52,104
2,890
5.2
42,009

97,234
55,556
57.1
52,602
54.1
163
52,439
2,954
5.3
41,678

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio^
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nona§ricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in-labor force
Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Peicent of population2
Total' employed1
Employment-population ratio:
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio:
ResidentArmed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labtiHorce

Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
1
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident

36




Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1987
Nov.

Dec.

1988
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov,

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

183,470 183,620 183,822 183,969 184,111 184,232 184,374 184,562 184,729 184,830 184,962 185,114 185,244
120,594 120,722 121,175 121,348 120,903 121,323 120,978 121,472 121,684 122,031 121,924 122,012 122,572
66.2
66.0
65.9
65.9
65.9
65.8
65.6
65.9
65.7
65.9
65.7
66.0
65.7
113,504 113,744 114,129 114,409 114,103 114,713 114,195 115,018 115,059 115,180 115,328 115,521 115,976
62.3
62.6
62.4
62.4
62.3
61.9
62.3
61.9
62.3
62.0
62.2
62.1
61.9
7,090 6,978 7,046 6,938 6,801 6,610 6,783 6,455 6,625 6,851 6,596 6,491 6,595
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.8
5.9

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
Not in labor force

80,526 80,608 80,669
62,667 62,769 62,925
78.0
77.9
77.8
59,797 59,954 59,834
74.4
74.3
74.2
2,208 2,247 2,311
57,588 57,706 57,523
3,090
2,870 2,815
4.5
4.6
4.9
17,859 17,839 17,744

80,751 80,851 80,924

89,110 89,178 89,261 89,307 89,382 89,502 89,588 89,670
50,558 50,640 50,542 50,612 50,441 50,642 50,775 50,934
56.4
56.7
56.7
56.6
56.7
56.6
56.8
56.8
47,977 48,005 48,132 48,170 47,960 48,169 48,199 48,466
53.7
53.8
53.8
53.8
53.9
53.9
53.8
54.0
587
542
646
616
692
656
654
586
47,331 47,351 47,476 47,478 47,373 47,553 47,657 47,881
2,635 2,411 2,442 2,481 2,473 2,576 2,468
2,581
4.9
4.8
5.1
4.9
4.8
4.8
5.2
5.1
38,552 38,538 38,719 38,695 38,941 38,860 38,813 38,736

89,735 89,807 89,887
50,912 51,172 51,611
57.4
57.0
56.7
48,452 48,771 49,153
54.7
54.3
54.0
657
647
633
47,818 48,124 48,496
2,461 2,401 2,458
4.8
4.7
4.8
38,823 38,635 38,276

79,885 80,002 80,120 80,203
62,299 62,248 62,440 62,696
78.2
77.9
77.8
78.0
59,164 59,185 59,287 59,625
74.0
74.3
74.0
74.1
2,297 2,298 2,323 2,280
56,867 56,887 56,964 57,344
3,135 3,063 3,154 3,071
4.9
5.1
4.9
5.0
17,586 17,754 17,680 17,507

80,260 80,326 80,402
62,497 62,791 62,662
77.9
77.9
78.2
59,407 59,883 59,590
74.1
74.0
74.5
2,253 2,255 2,181
57,154 57,627 57,409
3,089 2,909 3,072
4.9
4.6
4.9
17,763 17,535 17,740

62,881 62,892 63,019
77.9
77:8
77.9
60,024 59,989 59,981
74.1
74.2
74.3
2,236 2,330 2,321
57,788 57,659 57,660
2,857 2,902 3,038
4.6
4.5
4.8
17,870 17,959 17,905

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

88,923
50,254
56.5
47,634
53.6
636
46,998
2,620
5.2;
38,669

89,010
50,361
56.6
47,750
53.6
643
47,107
2,611
5.2
38,649

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

14,663 14,609
8,041
8,113
55.5
54.8
6,706 6,809
46.6
45.7
274
239
6,467 6,535
1,335
1,304
16.1
16.6
6,622 6,496

14,592 14,588 14,591 14,598 14,590 14,534 14,533 14,491 14,477 14,456 14,433
8,177 8,011 7,865 7,919 7,875 8,163 8,141 8,172 8,131 7,948 7,942
54.9
56.0
56.2
54.0
54.2
53.9
55.0
56.0
55.0
56.2
56.4
6,865 6,779 6,564 6,660 6,645 7,051 6,907 6,879 6,853 6,761 6,842
46.5
47.0
48.5
45.5
45.6
45.0
47.4
47.5
46.8
47.3
47.5
293
323
260
267
280
295
298
257
289
301
254
6,542 6,486 6,269 6,380 6,378 6,791 6,650 6,625 6,552 6,472 6,544
1,232
1,312
1,301 1,259 1,230 1,112 1,234 1,293 1,278 1,187 1,100
15.4
16.0
13.6
15.6
13.9
15.2
15.9
16.5
14.9
15.7
15.8
6,415 6,577 6,726 6,679 6,715 6,371 6,392 6,319 6,346 6,508 6,491

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional




population.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1987
Nov.

1988

Dec.

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

157,449 157,552 157,676 157,773 157,868 157,943 158,034 158,166 158,279 158,340 158,422 158,524 158,603
103,731 103,907 104,252 104,530 104,171 104,574 104,209 104,691 104,603 105,007 105,043 105,002 105,475
66.0
66.5
66.2
65.9
66.2
66.3
66.1
66.0
66.3
66.1
65.9
66.3
66.2
98,492 98,779 99,044 99,474 99,274 99,751 99,297 99,932 99,725 99,901 100,019 100,144 100,578
63.4
63.2
62.8
63.0
62.8
62.7
63.1
63.1
63.0
63.2
62.9
62.6
63.2
4,759 4,878
5,024 4,858 4,898
5,106
5,208 5,056 4,897 4,824 4,913
5,239 5,128
4.7
4.5
4.7
5.0
4.9
4.6
4.8
4.6
4.9
4.7
4.6
5.1
4.8

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

54,381 54,368 54,455 54,650 54,522 54,699 54,618 54,662 54,732 54,825 54,850 54,878 54,945
78.3
78.2
78.3
78.5
78.5
78.3
78.2
78.2
78.3
78.3
78.3
78.4
78.3
51,969 52,046 52,053 52,389 52,245 52,538 52,314 52,491 52,603 52,464 52,594 52,614 52,595
75.0
75.1
75.0
75.4
75.2
74.8
74.9
75.1
75.1
75.0
75.2
75.0
74.9
2,304 2,171
2,322 2,402 2,260 2,277 2,161
2,350
2,255 2,263
2,129
2,412
2,361
4.0
4.2
4.1
4.4
4.3
4.0
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.1
4.1
4.3
3.9

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .

42,464 42,569 42,710 42,915 42,841 42,986 42,827 42,921 42,887 43,177 43,170 43,258 43,662
56.4
56.1
56.4
56.9
56.2
56.3
56.2
56.3
56.1
55.9
55.8
56.4
56.1
40,606 40,712 40,896 40,985 41,183 41,297 41,104 41,183 41,040 41,399 41,371 41,553 41,917
53.5
53.4
53.7
54.6
53.9
53.8
54.1
54.0
53.8
53.7
54.0
54.1
54.2
1,857
1,745
1,738
1,723
1,689
1,658
1,930
1,813
1,706
1,858
1,778
1,847
1,799
4.4
4.4
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.9
4.5
4.2
3.9
4.2
4.1
4.3
3.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,886
57.7
5,917
49.6
969
14.1
14.8
13.3

6,970
58.6
6,021
50.6
949
13.6
14.9
12.3

7,087
59.6
6,095
51.2
992
14.0
14.4
13.6

6,965
58.6
6,100
51.3
865
12.4
12.2
12.7

6,807
57.2
5,845
49.1
962
14.1
15.7
12.4

6,889
58.0
5,916
49.8
973
14.1
14.5
13.7

6,764
57.0
5,879
49.5
885
13.1
13.8
12.4

7,108
59.9
6,258
52.7
850
12.0
12.8
11.1

6,983
58.9
6,081
51.3
902
12.9
14.6
11.1

7,005
59.2
6,038
51.0
967
13.8
13.8
13.8

7,023
59.5
6,054
51.3
969
13.8
15.0
12.5

6,866
58.3
5,977
50.8
889
12.9
14.8
11.0

6,868
58.5
6,066
51.6
802
11.7
12.2
11.2

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

20,482 20,508 20,539 20,569 20,596 20,622 20,650 20,683 20,715 20,736 20,762 20,786 20,811
13,193 13,215 13,222 13,168 13,098 13,078 13,069 12,989 13,293 13,262 13,191 13,290 13,348
64.1
63.9
62.8
63.3
64.4
63.5
64.0
64.2
63.4
63.6
64.0
64.4
64.4
11,589 11,605 11,608 11,504 11,420 11,482 11,452 11,489 11,774 11,764 11,771 11,829 11,850
56.9
56.9
56.7
56.7
56.8
55.5
55.5
55.7
55.4
55.9
56.5
56.6
56.6
1,497
1,419
1,500
1,617
1,597
1,678
1,663
1,461
1,498
1,519
1,614
1,610
1,604
11.2
11.0
10.8
11.3
11.4
11.5
12.4
12.2
12.8
12.6
12.2
12.2
12.2

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,045
74.5
5,430
66.9
615
10.2

6,043
74.3
5,430
66.8
613
10.1

6,115
75.0
5,497
67.5
618
10.1

6,166
75.6
5,472
67.1
694
11.3

6,127
75.0
5,429
66.4
699
11.4

6,163
75.3
5,511
67.3
652
10.6

6,107
74.5
5,449
66.5
658
10.8

6,064
73.8
5,458
66.5
606
10.0

6,070
73.8
5,492
66.8
578
9.5

6,154
74.7
5,566
67.6
588
9.6

6,123
74.2
5,581
67.7
542
8.8

6,158
74.6
5,576
67.5
582
9.4

6,133
74.2
5,535
66.9
599
9.8

6,207
60.9
5,537
54.3
670
10.8

6,224
61.0
5,544
54.3
680
10.9

6,244
61.1
5,550
54.3
694
11.1

6,131
59.9
5,495
53.7
636
10.4

6,136
59.9
5,465
53.3
671
10.9

6,093
59.4
5,407
52.7
686
11.3

6,059
59.0
5,414
52.7
645
10.6

6,074
59.0
5,421
52.7
652
10.7

6,307
61.2
5,650
54.8
657
10.4

6,182
59.9
5,572
54.0
610
9.9

6,147
59.5
5,564
53.8
583
9.5

6,238
60.3
5,630
54.4
607
9.7

6,300
60.8
5,689
54.9
611
9.7

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.

38




HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1987
Nov.

1988

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

948
43.7
631
29.1
317
33.4
33.5
33.4

941
43.3
622
28.6
319
33.9
32.2
35.8

863
39.8
561
25.8
302
35.0
35.1
34.9

870
40.0
537
24.7
333
38.3
42.0
34.7

834
38.3
526
24.2
308
36.9
39.0
35.0

822
37.7
564
25.9
258
31.4
27.6
35.5

903
41.4
589
27.0
314
34.8
33.3
36.6

852
39.0
610
28.0
242
28.4
30.4
25.9

917
42.0
632
28.9
285
31.1
30.4
31.8

926
42.4
626
28.7
300
32.4
32.2
32.7

921
42.2
627
28.7
294
31.9
31.7
32.2

894
41.0
622
28.5
272
30.4
33.5
26.5

914
41.9
626
28.7
288
31.5
32.4
30.4

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

13,043 13,082 13,115 13,153 13,192 13,230 13,268 13,306 13,344 13,381 13,419 13,458 13,495
8,763 8,772 8,879 9,017 8,803 8,828 8,859 9,027 8,984 8,935 9,063 9,058 9,172
66.7
68.6
67.7
67.2
66.7
67.1.
66.8
67.3
66.8
67.8
67.5
67.3
68.0
7,978 8,058 8,238 8,268 8,079 8,010
8,058 8,219 8,264 8,185 8,394 8,361
8,428
61.2
62.9
62.8
61.2
61.6)
60.7
60.5
61.9
61.2
61.8
62.6
62.1
62.5
724
785
714J
749
642
801
818
720
750
809
669
697
744
8.2
8.3
7.2
9.0
9.0
9.3
8.1;
8.0
8.4
9.0
7.4
7.7
8.1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
?

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988

1987
Category
Nov.

Dec,

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

113,504 113,744 114,129 114,409 114,103 114,713 114,195 115,018 115,059 115,180 115,328 115,521 115,976
40,645 40,711 40,404 40,475 40,481 40,459 40,267 40,485 40,535 40,505 40,531 40,483 40,318
28,175 28,249 28,441 28,707 28,805 28,859 28,567 28,713 28,654 28,832 28,801 28,851 28,975
6,367 6,410
6,237 6,227 6,168 6,157 6,160 6,055 5,957 6,085 6,145 6,282 6,251

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,595
1,407
155

1,599
1,450
156

1,666
1,454
138

1,677
1,414
114

1,648
1,423
142

1,678
1,385
155

1,526
1,346
159

1,562
1,359
167

1,539
1,346
148

1,580
1,416
163

1,593
1,438
134

1,709
1,414

183

1,678
1,463
123

101,943
17,118
84,825
1,286
83,539
8,222
235

101,997
17,064
84,933
1,200
83,733
8,280
248

102,507
17,197
85,310
1,147
84,163
8,150
237

102,683
16,948
85,735
1,170
84,565
8,312
228

102,279
16,908
85,371
1,175
84,196
8,366
248

102,538
17,015
85,523
1,092
84,431
8,637
281

101,927
16,887
85,040
1,156
83,884
8,917
307

103,000
17,064
85,935
1,150
84,786
8,577
301

103,133
16,959
86,174
1,123
85,051
8,528
255

103,097
17,112
85,984
1,108
84,877
8,491
243

103,415
17,103
86,312
1,085
85,227
8,575
228

103,781
17,231
86,550
1,142
85,408
8,366
227

103,751
17,430
86,320
1,252
85,069
8,629
298

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,534 5,262 5,367 5,566 5,343 5,194 4,844 5,317 5,382 5,181 5,053 4,893 5,025
2,408 2,284 2,396 2,478 2,520 2,236 2,227 2,364 2,490 2,318 2,190 2,166 2,241
2,696 2,638 2,640 2,598 2,535 2,502 2,315 2,637 2,581 2,491 2,356 2,382 2,347
14,523 14,711 14,571 14,572 14,603 15,016 14,790 14,507 15,070 15,021 15,314 15,078 15,540

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,241 5,004 5,145 5,254 5,106 4,924 4,623 5,076 5,185 4,959 4,814 4,662 4,761
2,209 2,111 2,260 2,327 2,325 2,121 2,120 2,199 2,351 2,178 2,031 2,043 2,072
2,597 2,552 2,566 2,457 2,475 2,397 2,236 2,566 2,545 2,429 2,284 2,298 2,264
14,064 14,222 14,096 14,123 14,141 14,592 14,338 14,083 14,669 14,585 14,861 14,596 15,063

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey




period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988

1987
Sex and age
Nov.
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Sept.

Aug.

Oct.

Nov.

113,504 113,744 114,129 114,409 114,103 114,713 114,195 115,018 115,059 115,180 115,328 115,521 115,976
20,065 20,112
6,706 6,809
2,734 2,826
3,985 3,994
13,359 13,303
93,424 93,625
78,731 78,916
14,663 14,716

20,312 20,271 19,916 19,990
6,865 6,779 6,564 6,660
2,776 2,752 2,657 2,682
4,045 3,906 3,967
4,061
13,447 13,491 13,353 13,330
93,778 94,118 94,239 94,686
79,170 79,351 79,588 79,946
14,581 14,673 14,566 14,712

19,773 20,404 20,159 20,153
6,645 7,051 6,907 6,879
2,649 2,820 2,691 2,645
3,995 4,227 4,210 4,170
13,128 13,353 13,253 13,273
94,359 94,592 95,016 95,119
79,920 80,088 80,481 80,657
14,438 14,542 14,469 14,553

20,060 19,913 19,862
6,842
6,853 6,761
2,810
2,650
2,683
4,213 4,084 4,032
13,208 13,151 13,020

95,263 95,574 96,125
80,647 80,975 81,265
14,651 14,693 14,836

62,581 62,656 62,808 63,059 62,759 63,323 63,030 63,411 63,490 63,425 63,512 63,417 63,537
10,370 10,369
3,471
3,417

1,390 1,451
2,040 2,035
6,953 6,898
52,210 52,299
43,592 43,690
8,605 8,629

10,456 10,444 10,349 10,427 10,351 10,591 10,446 10,508 10,414 10,277 10,399
3,521 3,434 3,352 3,440 3,439 3,614 3,537 3,591 3,489 3,428 3,556
1,444
1,406 1,376 1,397 1,369 1,418 1,388 1,392 1,396 1,406 1,461
2,046 1,982 2,042 2,068 2,184 2,150 2,149 2,099 2,026 2,098
2,053
6,935 7,010 6,998 6,987 6,912 6,977 6,910 6,917 6,925 6,849 6,843
52,338 52,623 52,469 52,862 52,654 52,793 53,064 52,972 53,078 53,116 53,146
43,848 43,992 43,975 44,336 44,175 44,278 44,541 44,463 44,595 44,697 44,710
8,470 8,567 8,467 8,530 8,466 8,542 8,534 8,529 8,495 8,474 8,422

50,923 51,088 51,321 51,350 51,344 51,390 51,166 51,607 51,569 51,755 51,815 52,104 52,439
9,695
3,289

9,743
3,338
1,375

1,344
1,945 1,959
6,406 6,405
41,214 41,326

35,139 35,226
6,058 6,087

9,713 9,645 9,647 9,636 9,463
3,370 3,288 3,364 3,333 3,286
1,303 1,253 1,254 1,277 1,349
1,280
1,285
2,060 2,021 2,114 2,058 1,934
1,927
1,925
6,343 6,357 6,283 6,303 6,177
6,343 6,216
41,440 41,495 41,770 41,824 41,705 41,798 41,953 42,147 42,185 42,458 42,979
35,322 35,359 35,613 35,610 35,745 35,809 35,939 36,194 36,052 36,279 36,555
6,111
6,106 6,099 6,182 5,972 5,999 5,935 6,024 6,156 6,219 6,414
9,857
3,344
1,332
2,008
6,513

9,826
3,345
1,346
1,999
6,481

9,567
3,212
1,281
1,924
6,355

9,563
3,220

9,422
3,206

9,814

3,438
1,402
2,043
6,376

A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987

1988

Sex and age
Total, 16 years and over .
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years

18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

40




Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

7,090

6,978

7,046

6,938

6,801

6,610

6,783

6,455

6,625

6,851

2,641
1,335
649
691
1,306
4,442
3,909
513

2,547
1,304
613
688
1,243
4,412
3,939
488

2,659
1,312
638
689
1,347
4,393
3,896
527

2,525
1,232
580
655
1,293
4,416
3,926
499

2,637
1,301
568
732
1,336
4,161
3,730
441

2,532
1,259
580
658
1,273
4,082
3,625
446

2,519
1,230
509
720
1,289
4,251
3,744
520

2,341
1,112
512
627
1,229
4,077
3,654
442

2,468
1,234
569
630
1,234
4,150
3,691
461

3,845

3,785

3,847

3,707

3,816

3,553

3,736

3,495

1,414
710
356
355
704
2,419
2,109
313

1,378
722
347
367
656
2,390
2,112
282

1,456
693
348
360
763
2,391
2,070
351

1,333
636
285
354
697
2,390
2,095
305

1,423
727
313
414
696
2,385
2,089
299

1,315
644
291
352
671
2,243
1,951
276

1,354
664
275
388
690
2,363
2,051
323

3,245

3,193

3,200

3,231

2,985

3,057

1,192
596
295
301
596
2,026
1,831
194

1,214
574
255
318
640
1,776
1,641
142

1,217
615
289
306
602
1,838
1,674
170

1,227
625
293
336
602
2,023
1,800
200

1,169
582
266
321
587
2,022
1,827
206

1,203
619
290
329
584
2,002
1,826
175

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

6,596

6,491

6,595

2,513
1,293
607
671
1,220
4,358
3,871
476

2,460
1,278
682
612
1,182
4,181
3,728
437

2,433
1,187
561
628
1,246
4,060
3,629
409

2,365
1,100
510
588
1,265
4,231
3,769
426

3,519

3,768

3,555

3,600

3,642

1,247
625
290
360
622
2,235
1,940
279

1,334
704
302
370
630
2,174
1,906
275

1,359
678
297
371
681
2,426
2,118
301

1,338
698
388
325
640
2,253
1,997
248

1,419
698
331
367
721
2,189
1,923
258

1,281
604
304
300
677
2,362
2,079
275

3,047

2,960

3,106

3,083

3,041

2,890

2,954

1,166
566
234
332
600
1,888
1,693
197

1,094
487
222
267
607
1,842
1,714
163

1,134
530
267
260
604
1,976
1,785
186

1,154
615
310
300
539
1,933
1,753
175

1,122
580
294
287
542
1,928
1,731
189

1,014
489
230
261
525
1,872
1,706
150

1,085
496
206
288
589
1,869
1,690
152

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1988

1987
Sex and age

Nov.

Total 16 years and over

..

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 vears
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 vears
55 vGars snd ovGf
Men 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 vears
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 vears
55 years and over
Women 16 vears and over
16 to 24 vears
16 to 19 vears
16 to 17 vears
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 vears
25 vG3rs dnd ov©r
25 to 54 VGars
55 years and over

.
....

Dec.

Feb.

Jan.

Mar.

Apr.

June

May

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.
5.4
10.6
13.9
15.4
12.7
8.9
4.2
4.4
2.8

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.4

5.6

5.3

5.4

5.6

5.4

5.3

11.6
16.6
19.2
14.8
8.9
4.5
4.7
3.4

11.2
16.1
17.8
14.7
8.5
4.5
4.8
3.2

11.6
16.0
18.7
14.5
9.1
4.5
4.7
3.5

11.1
15.4
17.4
13.9
8.7
4.5
4.7
3.3

11.7
16.5
17.6
15.8
9.1
4.2
4.5
2.9

11.2
15.9
17.8
14.2
8.7
4.1
4.3
2.9

11.3
15.6
16.1
15.3
8.9
4.3
4.5
3.5

10.3
13.6
15.4
12.9
8.4
4.1
4.4
2.9

10.9
15.2
17.5
13.0
8.5
4.2
4.4
3.1

11.1
15.8
18.7
13.9
8.4
4.4
4.6
3.2

10.9
15.7
20.5
12.7
8.2
4.2
4.4
2.9

10.9
14.9
17.3
13.3
8.7
4.1
4.3
2.7

5.8

5.7

5.8

5.6

5.7

5.3

5.6

5.2

5.3

5.6

5.3

5.4

5.4

11.6
16.2
16.7
15.8
9.1
4.3
4.4
3.7

10.5
14.7
17.0
14.2
8.2
4.1
4.2
3.2

11.3
16.6
17.9
14.7
8.4
3.9
4.1
3.1

11.5
15.9
17.6
14.7
9.0
4.4
4.5
3.4

11.4
16.7
21.7
13.4
8.5
4.1
4.3
2.8

12.1
16.9
19.1
15.3
9.5
4.0
4.1
3.0

11.0
14.5
17.2
12.5
9.0
4.3
4.4
3.2

5.6

5.4

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.3

5.3

10.5
13.6
17.0
11.2
8.7
4.5
4.7
3.0

10.7
15.8
19.8
12.9
7.8
4.4
4.6
2.8

10.4
14.7
19.0
12.0
7.9
4.4
4.6
3.0

9.5
12.8
15.3
11.3
7.7
4.2
4.5
2.4

10.3
13.1
13.2
13.0
8.7
4.2
4.4
2.3

12.0
17.2
20.4
14.8
9.2
4.4
4.6
3.5

11.7
17.2
19.3
15.3
8.7
4.4
4.6
3.2

12.2
16.4
19.4
14.9
9.9
4.4
4.5
4.0

11.3
15.6
16.9
14.7
9.0
4.3
4.5
3.4

12.1
17.8
18.5
17.3
9.1
4.3
4.5
3.4

11.2
15.8
17.2
14.7
8.8
4.1
4.2
3.1

6.0

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.5

5.6

11.2
16.0
179
14.7
8.6
4.7
4.9
3.2

10.7
14.8
16.2
14.1
8.4
4.7
4.9
3.3

10.8
15.1
18.0
13.1
8.4
4.7
4.9
3.1

10.9
15.6
17.9
14.1
8.2
4.6
4.9
2.8

11.3
15.2
16.6
14.2
9.1
4.1
4.4
2.3

11.3
16.0
18.4
13.7
8.7
4.2
4.5
2.7

10.0
12.4
13.7
11.6
8.7
4.2
4.6
2.6

11.0
15.0
15.5
14.7
8.8
4.3
4.5
3.2

A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)
1987

1988

Category
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

5.9
5.0
5.2
16.6

5.8
4.9
5.2

5.8
5.1

5.6
4.9
4.8

15.4

16.5

5.4
4.6
4.8
15.9

5.6
4.9
4.9
15.6

5.3
4.6
4.9
13.6

5.4
4.5
5.1
15.2

5.6
4.9
4.8

16.1

5.1
16.0

5.7
4.9
5.2

15.8

5.4
4.5
4.8
15.7

5.3
4.6
4.7
14.9

5.4
4.8
4.8
13.9

5.1
11.0
12.2
9.0

4.9
10.9
12.2
8.1

5.0
10.9
12.2
7.2

4.8
11.3
12.6
8.3

4.7
11.5
12.8
8.2

4.6
10.7
12.2
9.3

4.7
11.3
12.4

4.5
10.3
11.5

9.0

9.0

4.7
10.0
11.4
8.0

4.9
10.0
11.3
8.4

4.8
9.4
10.8
7.4

4.6
9.6
11.0
7.7

4.6
10.0
11.2
8.1

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

3.5
4.2
8.5

3.4
4.3
8.4

3.6
4.2
8.9

3.4
4.1
8.3

3.4
4.0
7.5

3.0
3.8
8.7

3.3
3.9
8.4

3.1
3.7
7.8

3.0
4.1
8.6

3.4
4.1
7.4

3.1
3.8
8.1

3.1
3.7
7.9

3.4
3.8
7.6

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

5.5
8.2
1.5
6.8

5.4
8.0
1.5
6.6

5.4
8.3
1.4
6.6

5.3
7.9
1.4
6.6

5.3
7.7
1.4
6.5

5.1
7.4
1.3
6.2

5.2
7.7
1.3
6.4

4.9
7.8
1.2
6.3

5.0
8.1
1.3
6.4

5.3
7.4
1.4
6.5

5.1
7.5
1.3
6.4

4.9
7.4
1.3
6.1

5.1
7.1
1.2
6.2

5.8
6.5
7.0
10.6
5.3
4.8
5.9
5.5
4.5
6.8
4.8
3.4
11.1

5.7
6.4
8.0
10.6
5.1
4.8
5.6
5.3
4.6
6.2
4.8
3.2
10.9

5.8
7.1
7.7
12.2
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.3
3.6
6.1
4.9
3.0
11.5

5.7
6.9
7.8

5.6
6.5
7.9

5.7
6.6
10.4

10.7
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.2
4.2
6.8
4.2
2.8
11.0

5.4
6.4
9.0
9.9
5.3
5.0
5.7
5.0
3.3
5.9
4.6
2.5

13.9

5.4
6.3
5.3
10.2
5.2
5.0
5.6
5.0
3.5
6.2
4.5
3.1
10.8

5.4
6.5
8.6
9.2
5.6
5.5
5.9
4.9
3.7
6.1
4.3
2.7

10.6

5.4
6.0
6.7
10.2
4.8
4.4
5.4
5.1
4.1
5.9
4.6
2.8
9.7

5.6
6.8
6.8

11.0
5.6
5.9
5.3
5.1
3.6
6.4
4.5
2.8

5.3
6.5
8.4
10.6
5.3
4.8
6.0
4.7
3.8
5.9
4.1
3.0

11.3

10.0

5.5
6.4
8.9
10.9
5.0
4.7
5.3
5.1
4.2
6.1
4.6
2.4
9.2

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White...,
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
• Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time




10.2

10.5
5.4
4.9
6.0
5.2
4.4
6.3
4.6

2.9

11.0
5.6
5.0
6.4
5.1
3.8
6.5
4.4
3.1
11.4

for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.
4]

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1987

1988

Weeks of unemployment
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

3,218
2,029
1,834
899
935

3,229
1,968
1,791
892
899

3,089
2,263
1,733
839
894

3,084
2,145
1,740
841
899

3,009
2,101
1,722
887
835

3,125
1,956
1,540
725
816

3,075
2,110
1,609
784
825

3,066
1,890
1,512
727
785

2,965
2,078
1,629
838
791

3,197
1,957
1,676
859
817

3,139
1,823
1,596
789
807

3,062
1,814
1,551
778
773

3,153
1,924
1,487
776
711

14.0
6.1

14.2
6.0

14.4
6.4

14.4
6.4

13.7
6.6

13.4
5.6

13.8
5.9

12.9
6.0

13.6
6.3

13.7
5.9

13.7
5.5

13.5
5.6

12.5
5.5

100.0
45.4
28.7
25.9
12.7
13.2

100.0
46.2
28.2
25.6
12.8
12.9

100.0
43.6
31.9
24.5
11.8
12.6

100.0
44.3
30.8
25.0
12.1
12.9

100.0
44.0
30.8
25.2
13.0
12.2

100.0
47.2
29.5
23.3
10.9
12.3

100.0
45.3
31.1
23.7
11.5
12.1

100.0
47.4
29.2
23.4
11.2
12.1

100.0
44.4
31.1
24.4
12.6
11.9

100.0
46.8
28.7
24.5
12.6
12.0

100.0
47.9
27.8
24.3
12.0
12.3

100.0
47.6
28.2
24.1
12.1
12.0

100.0
48.0
29.3
22.6
11.8
10.8

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1987

1988

Reasons for unemployment
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

3,307
878
2,429
926
1,974
855

3,200
856
2,344
946
1,945
909

3,209
888
2,320
1,082
1,917
885

3,207
884
2,323
961
1,951
864

3,139
899
2,240
1,075
1,756
887

2,916
821
2,095
993
1,784
915

3,236
793
2,443
926
1,789
807

3,059
863
2,196
944
1,723
111

3,087
852
2,235
904
1,901
776

3,138
891
2,247
997
1,869
793

3,087
816
2,271
994
1,761
745

2,909
853
2,056
986
1,764
728

3,037
810
2,227
948
1,765
805

100.0
46 8
12.4
34.4
13.1
28 0
12.1

100.0
45.7
12.2
33.5
13.5
27 8
13.0

100.0
45 2
12.5
32.7
15.3
27.0
12.5

100.0
45.9
12.7
33.3
13.8
27.9
12.4

100.0
45.8
13.1
32.7
15.7
25.6
12.9

100.0
44.1
12.4
31.7
15.0
27.0
13.8

100.0
47.9
11.7
36.2
13.7
26.5
11.9

100.0
47.0
13.3
33.8
14.5
26.5
11.9

100.0
46.3
12.8
33.5
13.6
28.5
11.6

100.0
46.2
13.1
33.1
14.7
27.5
11.7

100.0
46.9
12.4
34.5
15.1
26.7
11.3

100.0
45.5
13.4
32.2
15.4
27.6
11.4

100.0
46.3
12.4
34.0
14.5
26.9
12.3

2.7
.8
1.6
.7

2.7
.8
1.6
.8

2.6
.9
1.6
.7

2.6
.8
1.6
.7

2.6
.9
1.5
.7

2.7
.8
1.5
.7

2.5
.8
1.4
.6

2.5
.7
1.6
.6

2.6
.8
1.5
.6

2.5
.8
1.4
.6

2.4
.8
1.4
.6

2.5
.8
1.4
.7

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
•
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

42




2.4
.8
1.5
.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1936 to date

(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construction

Service-producing

Manufacturing

Total

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
Services
real
estate

Government

Federal

State

(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

Local

Annual averages

1936
1937
1938
1939

1940
1941
1942
1943

1944
1945
1946
1947
1948 ..
1949
1950
1951
1952

1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
19592
1960
1961
1962
1963

1964 ..
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

1970
1971
1972

1973
1974
1975
1976

1977 ..
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987

29,068
31,011
29,194
30,603

25,400
27,255
25,311
26,608

11,933
12,936
11,401
12,297

946
1,015
891
854

1,160
1,127
1,070
1,165

32,361
36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754

28,159
31,877
34,624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897

13,221
15,963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565

925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930

1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194

9,440
10,278

17,135
18,075
17,793
18,306

2,973
3,134
2,863
2,936

(1)
(1)
(1)
1,762

10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441

19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189

3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001

1,835
1,960
1,906
1,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,602

9,827
10,794

(1)
(1)
4,664

1,373
1,417
1,410
1,447

3,312
3,503
3,458
3,502

O
(1)

4,914
5,251
5,212
5,160
5,214
5,365
6,084
6,485
6,667
6,662

1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828

3,665
3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240

996
1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908

(1)

1

0

905

O
(1)
01
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
()
(1)
()
01
(1)
()
O

0
0
(1)

0
0)1
()
0

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,635
2,727
2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082

6,751
7,015
7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7,840
7,858
7,770
8,045

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,357
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907

8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798

2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,969
5,204

11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,573
14,989

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

90,406
91,156
89,566
90,200
94,496
97,519
99,525
102,310

74,166
75,126
73,729
74,330
78,472
81,125
82,832
85,295

25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,727
24,859
24,558
24,784

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
111
721

4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,383
4,673
4,816
4,998

20,285
20,170
18,781
18,434
19,378
19,260
18,965
19,065

64,748
65,659
65,753
66,866
69,769
72,660
74,967
77,525

5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,159
5,238
5,255
5,385

5,275
5,358
5,278
5,268
5,555
5,717
5,753
5,872

15,035
15,189
15,179
15,613
16,545
17,356
17,930
18,509

5,160
5,298
5,341
5,468
5,689
5,955
6,283
6,549

17,890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,797
22,000
23,053
24,196

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,963

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,109

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1987:
November
December
1988:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
OctoberP
November?
1

103,678
104,001

86,520
86,794

25,123
25,201

736
735

5,090
5,118

19,297
19,348

78,555
78,800

5,466
5,481

5,958
5,984

18,761
18,784

6,608
6,619

24,604
24,725

2,974
2,980

3,988
4,001

10,196
10,226

104,262
104,729
105,020
105,281
105,489
106,057
106,271
106,425
106,737
106,975
107,438

87,044
87,475
87,700
87,973
88,139
88,678
88,941
89,066
89,205
89,459
89,877

25,180
25,271
25,330
25,435
25,466
25,592
25,663
25,639
25,648
25,741
25,860

728
731
733
737
739
740
740
739
734
729
722

5,083
5,150
5,192
5,238
5,237
5,308
5,330
5,340
5,365
5,364
5,419

19,369
19,390
19,405
19,460
19,490
19,544
19,593
19,560
19,549
19,648
19,719

79,082
79,458
79,690
79,846
80,023
80,465
80,608
80,786
81,089
81,234
81,578

5,499
5,513
5,530
5,543
5,556
5,582
5,598
5,605
5,618
5,623
5,662

6,010
6,035
6,061
6,089
6,115
6,148
6,174
6,192
6,219
6,242
6,270

18,927
19,045
19,050
19,093
19,130
19,205
19,261
19,279
19,291
19,329
19,348

6,633
6,636
6,651
6,650
6,656
6,679
6,684
6,689
6,692
6,710
6,729

24,795
24,975
25,078
25,163
25,216
25,472
25,561
25,662
25,737
25,814
26,008

2,973
2,972
2,970
2,963
2,957
2,951
2,951
2,956
2,989
2,990
2,991

4,006
4,014
4,031
4,041
4,050
4,049
4,059
4,070
4,086
4,071
4,097

10,239
10,268
10,319
10,304
10,343
10,379
10,320
10,333
10,457
10,455
10,473

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959
benchmark month.
p
= preliminary.
2




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1987
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1987) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1984) are subject to revision.

43

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Mining

746

745

740

736

Oct.
1988P

44.7
6.6

44.8
6.6

541

536

533

51.3
7.3
14.3

34.0
5.1

11.2

34.2
5.1
11.3

39.7
6.0
11.0

40.1
6.0
11.1

133.9
132.2

134.1
132.4

125.2
123.5

125.4
123.7

283.9
102.2
181.7

284.9
101.7
183.2

281.5
99.2
182.3

278.7
98.5
180.2

88.3
33.3

87.3
32.8

89.8
34.0

89.1
33.7

4,208

4,106

4,476

4,455

10
101
102

14.1

14.2

50.9
7.4
14.2

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

163.1
161.2

163.1
161.2

153.2
151.2

152.9
150.9

Oil and gas extraction
13
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids ... 131,2
Oil and gas field services
138

423.8
204.3
219.5

424.3
203.9
220.4

418.6
197.6
221.0

415.8
196.8
219.0

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

114.1
41.8
35.6
17.2

112.6
41.3
34.8
17.1

116.8
43.0
36.6
17.4

116.0
42.6
36.1
17.8

5,323

5,227

5,660

5,643

14
142
144
147

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172

173
174
175
176

Manufacturing
Durable goods




Sept.
1988

540

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

44

Nov.
1987

Nov.
1988P

86,855 87,034 89,939 90,104 90,408 70,369 70,523 72,799 72,938 73,172

Total private

See footnotes at end of table.

Oct.
1987

104,210 104,548 107,138 107,854 108,332

Total

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

Nov.
1988P

24
241
242

2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

731

412.4

5,565

528

4,374

1,400.8 1,385.1 1,460.5 1,455.9 1,442.5 1,035.0 1,018.2 1,080.9 1,075.5
571.7
742.7
736.4
792.3 788.2
526.9
576.4
533.5
23.5
55.1
26.7
25.3
24.1
54.0
53.0
52.6
466.0 480.4 480.3
603.0 594.7 615.2 615.1
474.8
844.6
315.7
528.9

806.4
294.0
512.4

856.1
326.1
530.0

849.0
319.2
529.8

718.0
268.9
449.1

3,077.7 3,035.0 3,343.2 3,338.5
655.4
653.5 698.3 702.7
183.2
179.3 194.6 192.2
557.3
559.2 600.6 603.1
508.3
499.6 572.9 563.6
191.9
188.3 197.2 195.2
227.2
220.2 231.6 234.2

680.0
246.9
433.1

726.3
275.6
450.7

2,454.6 2,408.2 2,668.8 2,660.0
525.4
485.3
522.5
489.3
154.8
150.9
165.7
162.9
436.1
437.8
471.5
472.3
438.2
428.4
495.3
486.2
149.0
144.7
151.0
153.6
185.1
188.5
185.6
178.5
13,523

13,563

7,753

7,782

7,828

645.6
77.0
181.3
148.3
30.1
222.1
85.1
56.9
21.4
35.1
37.3
58.0
42.3
69.9

643.5
80.5
180.3
147.2
30.1
217.6
82.7
56.0
21.6
34.3
37.5
57.5
42.4
70.1

639.7

19,335

19,379 19,726

19,762 19,804 13,226 13,256 13,498

11,360

11,400

11,606

11,642 11,688

7,578

7,609

755.5
88.1
204.8
166.8
34.6

751.0
89.3
203.9
165.8
34.7
260.7

773.6
92.7

769.0

632.3
73.7
181.0

627.8
74.7
180.2
146.5
30.5
215.1
80.5
57.2
21.2
34.1
35.0
54.4
38.7
68.4

263.9
101.9

71.0
24.3
37.9

42.1
72.7
48.3
83.9

100.0
70.9
24.1
37.5

41.4
72.0
47.8
83.7

206.5
169.0
34.1

269.4
105.0
70.8

24.6
38.9
44.0
75.6
51.6
85.4

771.9

95.9
205.5
167.8
34.2
265.2
102.8
70.2
24.8
38.1
44.3
75.3
51.8
85.7

719.5
269.2
450.3

147.4
30.5
218.2
82.6
57.4
21.3
34.5
35.6
55.2
39.3
68.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

1972
SIC
Code

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515

252
253
254
259
32

321
322
3221
3229
323

324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work

34

3312
3317

332
3321
3322
3325

333
3334

335
3351
3353
3357

336
3361

341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433

344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446

Production workers

Al employees
Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

532.9
316.2
142.1
101.9
26.6
29.3
68.8
29.5
77.4
41.0

536.7
319.2
143.1
102.7
27.8
28.9
69.2
29.7
77.2
41.4

539.8
317.0
144.2
103.4
24.2
30.8
68.3
31.0
79.4
44.1

544.9
321.1
144.6
104.4
26.5
30.4
68.2
31.2
79.7
44.7

546.0

427.7
267.9
124.5
85.6
21.7
22.3
52.0
22.5
56.5
28.8

430.2
270.2
125.2
86.4
22.7
21.9
52.4
22.7
56.1
28.8

432.0
268.4
126.1
86.9
19.3
24.1
51.6
24.2
58.1
29.7

437.0
272.2
126.5
87.8
21.4
23.7
51.6
24.6
58.2
30.4

438.0

591.8
14.6
87.5
44.5
43.0
51.4
20.6
38.7
36.7
218.0
20.3
72.8
105.6
111.4
21.6

597.9
15.1
86.4
43.1
43.3
52.6
20.3
39.0
38.4
218.0
21.2
73.5
104.3
114.3
22.1
8.7
24.6

597.3
15.1
85.9
43.2
42.7
52.6
20.2
39.1
38.5
217.3
20.9
73.9
103.5
114.7
22.1
8.6
24.8

594.6

460.0
11.3
75.4
40.2
35.2
37.0
15.8
30.4
29.3
169.9
13.5
55.9
85.6
80.7
14.9

457.7
11.5
74.6
39.4
35.2
37.3
15.6
30.3
29.4
167.5
13.4
55.6
83.4
81.5
14.9

466.7
11.8
74.4
39.1
35.3
40.0
15.5
30.6
30.5
168.8
13.7
56.1
84.3
84.3
15.3

6.7
-

6.7
-

6.5
-

466.6
12.0
74.4
39.3
35.1
39.9
15.4
30.7
30.7
167.9
13.6
56.3
83.2
84.7
15.5
6.4
-

464.3

24.6

589.3
14.8
86.6
43.7
42.9
51.6
20.4
38.5
37.0
215.5
20.3
72.5
103.3
112.2
21.7
8.7
24.9

762.6
276.0
209.1
24.2
132.4
82.4

766.4
277.3
209.9
24.2
133.7
83.2

789.5
280.6
211.3
25.3
143.7
87.3

790.6
279.7
210.6
25.1
144.5
87.7

796.6
282.7

578.0
210.6
161.0
17.8
104.6
66.9

582.6
212.2
161.9
18.2
106.1
67.7

605.9
217.6
165.4
19.0
115.8
71.6

606.2
216.1
164.1
19.1
116.7
72.2

611.9
219.1

8.7

-

9.0

8.9

9.5

9.5

6.6

6.6

7.2

7.2

27.1
40.0
21.2
183.5
23.7
28.0
79.1
87.8
54.3

27.6
40.7
21.6
183.4
23.7
27.9
79.3
88.2
54.4

32.5
42.5
23.0
186.1
24.4
28.0
81.2
91.6
56.1

32.6
42.5
23.0
186.8
24.5
28.0
81.8
92.1
56.0

20.4
28.7
15.3
131.7
18.4
20.0
56.4
70.8
44.5

20.9
29.6
15.9
131.8
18.4
19.7
56.9
71.0
44.6

25.7
31.5
17.5
134.1
18.7
19.3
59.2
73.8
46.0

25.7
31.6
17.5
134.4
18.8
19.2
59.7
74.0
45.7

-

1,430.0 1,437.1 1,470.0 1,477.5 1,479.5 1,063.9 1,070.1 1,098.1 1,105.1 1,107.8
47.1
53.8
54.4
55.5
55.5
46.0
46.9
47.2
44.7
38.5
42.8
43.5
44.6
36.9
37.8
38.4
99.5 100.4
134.6 135.4 132.5 132.9
98.6
98.3
45.9
45.6
33.4
33.1
34.4
34.2
46.8
46.5
111
77.2
57.4
75.6
75.6
57.3
58.6
57.9
64.9
64.8
62.7
62.4
45.1
44.9
47.5
47.0
25.9
25.9
25.3
25.1
19.0
18.9
18.5
18.3
26.9
26.7
25.6
18.7
17.9
17.5
26.0
19.1
312.6 312.9 324.2 325.4
436.0 436.4 448.8 449.8
58.7
80.6
78.7
78.4
58.4
56.5
56.0
80.5
69.3
69.7
70.6
94.3
94.1
94.7
68.6
93.3
64.9
63.8
57.1
87.4
57.8
95.3
94.2
88.0
86.0
84.7
84.7
112.1 112.1 114.4 115.1
86.8
22.7
23.9
22.9
32.5
32.2
31.0
31.1
24.3

See footnotes at end of table.




45

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment ....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
...
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ..
Machinery, except electrical, nee

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599

2,045.2 2,058.3 2,156.6 2,167.9 2,182.3 1,218.2 1,227.7 1,288.6 1,296.7 1,307.5
58.9
58.6
58.0
89.4
88.6
89.0
89.0
57.9
13.7
13.4
13.3
24.4
22.9
23.1
13.1
24.2
45.2
45.2
44.7
44.8
65.0
64.8
65.7
65.9
74.8
74.1
66.9
65.7
96.0
97.4 103.6 104.5
53.0
53.3
46.3
45.7
69.8
70.5
76.7
76.5
235.4 235.5
219.3 221.1
133.3 144.8 144.7
132.1
84.4
52.8
52.7
49.3
48.6
79.8
80.5
84.4
11.3
11.2
10.7
10.6
17.7
18.3
18.4
17.3
27.0
27.3
24.2
24.1
40.3
40.7
44.9
44.9
18.3
18.4
17.3
17.2
34.3
34.1
32.5
32.8
18.4
18.5
17.5
17.6
26.6
25.1
25.0
26.5
287.8 289.4 303.2 305.5
205.7 207.1
218.6 219.9
45.0
46.9
30.3
28.5
28.3
45.0
47.3
29.9
11.4
10.8
10.6
11.4
16.8
17.0
17.6
17.8
104.5 105.0 110.5 111.2
136.8 137.5 143.5 144.6
37.6
40.6
40.4
37.2
52.4
56.5
52.8
56.8
14.7
14.8
14.9
14.7
20.0
20.4
20.0
20.5
99.1
98.0
163.9 164.8 175.3 175.9
105.5 105.8
23.5
23.2
40.9
24.7
24.6
38.5
38.7
40.9
13.7
13.7
14.1
14.1
20.5
21.2
21.3
20.5
16.3
16.1
17.6
17.6
29.1
29.2
27.0
27.2
159.8 167.4 169.1
159.1
248.2 249.2 259.5 261.1
25.3
25.0
26.8
26.7
46.0
46.4
43.7
44.1
32.0
32.0
33.2
33.1
42.7
42.8
41.2
41.2
11.8
11.7
12.3
12.0
20.8
20.8
20.2
20.3
19.4
19.6
20.0
19.7
30.5
30.7
30.2
30.1
13.2
13.1
14.3
14.3
20.7
20.7
19.3
19.4
11.3
11.1
12.2
12.0
17.8
17.9
16.7
16.9
167.4 167.4 167.8
165.1
488.5 493.7 517.8 519.7
139.7 141.7 142.4 142.9
435.5 440.3 463.3 465.1
128.2 127.4 130.2 131.4
178.0 177.3 180.9 181.9
93.1
93.5
96.6
95.5
129.4 130.3
126.5 126.1
206.4 208.7 222.0 224.3
274.1
276.4 292.3 294.8
24.9
24.7
25.7
25.7
32.3
32.3
31.3
31.1
260.0 262.5
181.7 183.8 196.3 198.6
243.0 245.1

Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634

2,101.3 2,108.7 2,130.3 2,134.6 2,141.2 1,240.1 1,243.9 1,260.3 1,264.7 1,271.5
79.8
79.3
78.6
78.2
108.2 108.6 111.3 112.1
36.3
36.5
36.1
35.9
49.1
50.2
50.5
49.5
43.0
43.3
42.5
42.3
61.1
59.1
59.1
61.6
124.8 126.4 131.2 130.7
181.8 183.6 188.4 188.1
70.6
70.8
67.6
66.8
87.0
90.1
89.9
87.8
36.6
36.4
35.0
34.5
60.2
62.6
62.4
60.9
111.1
111.0 113.2 113.6
138.9 139.2 139.2 139.8
23.7
24.0
23.6
23.8
29.2
29.2
28.9
29.3
18.6
18.5
18.0
18.0
22.5
22.7
22.7
22.5
30.4
30.6
28.5
28.1
36.5
37.8
38.2
36.3

See footnotes at end of table.

46




93.6
47.2
46.4
234.5
29.6
96.1
97.6
114.7
74.2
40.5
78.1
43.7
220.6
81.5
53.5

94.3
47.6
46.7
236.8
29.7
97.8
98.0
115.9
75.2
40.7
78.3
43.8
221.8
80.9
54.4

98.5
50.9
47.6
238.9
30.4
95.5
101.7
119.5
78.0
41.5
78.0
42.6
234.6
89.0
55.6

98.6
50.9
47.7
241.7
30.6
97.9
101.8
122.1
79.7
42.4
77.5
42.4
236.2
89.1
56.1

71.8
38.7
33.1
187.3
22.7
81.9
74.7
92.2
60.0
32.2
47.4
23.8
161.0
55.0
40.9

72.3
39.1
33.2
189.3
22.8
83.5
74.8
93.2
60.9
32.3
All
23.9
162.1
54.8
41.5

75.8
41.9
33.9
189.9
23.4
80.6
77.5
95.6
62.8
32.8
49.5
24.2
170.9
60.3
42.5

75.7
41.7
34.0
192.7
23.4
83.0
77.9
98.1
64.3
33.8
48.9
23.7
172.2
60.4
43.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
uOQc

Durable goods—Continued
Electrical and electronic equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Production workers1

All employees
Oct.
1987

193.7
25.4
75.9
15.6
27.9
85.2
64.0
605.4
116.8
488.6
637.8
38.0
250.0
276.1
150.3
28.9
66.0

Nov.
1987

194.1
25.5
75.5
15.5
28.2
84.2
63.5
605.7
116.9
488.8
642.2
38.0
251.9
278.2
151.1
29.1
66.5

Sept.
1988

193.3
25.0
75.3
16.0
28.1
85.7
64.5
592.6
116.9
475.7
666.2
38.6
268.6
281.0
153.6
30.5
66.5

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

141.2
21.7
50.2
11.4
21.3
59.1
43.4
253.3
66.0
187.3
365.9
24.3
97.5
188.5
106.5
22.7
50.6

195.0
25.1
75.1
16.0
29.1
86.8
65.2
589.2
116.2
473.0
667.6
38.4
269.0
281.7
156.0
31.2
68.2

Nov.
1987

141.7
21.7
50.0
11.3
21.6
58.6
43.4
252.2
66.1
186.1
368.2
24.3
98.4
190.3
107.2
22.8
51.1

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

141.1
140.2
21.3
21.4
48.7
49.0
11.9
11.9
21.5
22.2
60.5
59.7
43.9
43.4
248.4 • 247.6
69.9
69.8
Mil
178.6
379.2 380.4
24.9
24.9
106.9
106.6
190.0
189.5
111.0
109.1
23.8
23.4
52.4
50.8

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

699.1
83.2
237.1
41.6
53.4
101.3
33.7
190.8
94.5
82.3
37.6
105.3
11.4

704.3
84.0
237.7
41.7
53.8
101.2
33.9
193.1
95.2
83.8
37.6
106.2
11.8

716.4
87.0
235.9
41.8
53.7
100.3
35.3
201.1
98.5
87.6
38.3
107.7
11.1

717.8
86.7
236.4
41.5
54.0
100.4
35.6
202.8
98.8
88.9
37.9
107.5
10.9

720.6
_

381.4
37.9
132.4
27.1
27.8
49.7
16.4
114.8
54.4
52.5
25.8
45.6
8.5

385.8
38.7
132.9
27.2
28.2
49.6
16.7
116.9
55.0
53.9
25.9
45.8
8.9

396.0
40.4
135.1
27.8
28.7
51.1
18.2
121.2
56.9
55.9
26.4
46.4
8.3

398.0
40.5
135.5
27.7
29.0
51.2
18.5
122.7
57.6
56.6
26.2
46.4
8.2

400.4
_

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles...
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

385.9
56.7
40.6
13.0
103.4
49.1
54.3
32.8
43.7
23.2
136.3
59.6

387.5
56.8
40.7
13.0
103.9
48.5
55.4
32.8
44.4
23.8
136.6
59.9

389.1
57.5
40.9
12.6
106.7
49.0
57.7
33.1
41.3
21.7
137.9
60.6

390.2
57.8
41.0
12.5
106.9
49.4
57.5
32.9
40.9
21.4
139.2
61.3

390.2
_

283.5
39.8
28.3
10.9
78.7
36.9
41.8
22.8
34.0
18.2
97.3
41.3

284.8
39.6
28.2
10.9
79.0
36.2
42.8
22.8
34.9
18.9
97.6
41.5

284.9
40.8
28.9
10.5
80.1
35.9
44.2
23.2
32.4
16.8
97.9
42.0

285.3
41.3
29.1
10.4
79.8
36.0
43.8
23.2
31.5
16.3
99.1
42.3

284.6

2,055.7 2,060.7 2,042.4 2,048.9 2,067.8 1,292.7 1,298.6 1,274.9 1,279.3 1,301.9
863.0 863.1 857.8 862.4 869.0 672.2 674.9 671.0 674.7 681.0
373.4 360.3
376.3
283.3 282.6 273.1 275.9
363.8
43.4
33.4
33.8
33.6
33.9
42.7
43.3
42.9
393.0 397.4 399.7 401.4
315.4 320.0 321.0 322.3
33.6
30.6
26.6
23.8
24.8
33.2
31.6
26.5
351.6 353.0 339.1
707.2 697.9 696.4
705.8
337.8
161.7
160.9
164.4
163.1
364.9 366.8 368.5 369.1
74.1
79.1
78.9
148.1
155.7
74.0
149.2
156.3
102.1
104.1
109.5
184.7
109.6
179.2
180.2
184.6
138.9
137.3
144.9
142.8
189.0
185.6
191.8
188.8
84.2
122.7
83.2
93.3
91.3
119.8
128.2
125.4
54.7
54.1
51.6
51.5
66.3
65.8
63.6
63.4
33.5
27.6
27.5
25.6
24.8
19.5
19.4
34.3
206.4 207.4 205.5 205.6
61.6
61.1
63.5
63.3
155.4
153.6
153.5
156.0
46.8
43.8
43.3
46.6
52.5
50.0
50.9
51.8
34.7
35.3
32.9
33.8
19.9
20.6
20.0
20.6
16.0
15.3
15.5
16.1

See footnotes at end of table.




47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

20
201
2011

2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205

2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

Production workers1

All employees
Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

8,116 5,648 5,647 5,745 5,741 5,735
7,975 7,979 8,120
8,120
1,671.2 1,650.6 1,714.1 1,697.0 1,675.5 1,192.4 1,173.9 1,231.4 1,214.8 1,195.1
394.3 398.3 400.7 404.5
334.8 338.3 339.4 342.8
138.4
116.6 118.6 120.1 120.7
140.7 143.4 144.1
80.7
60.4
59.5
60.0
81.8
59.6
81.1
80.7
139.7 140.9 141.7 143.3
155.4
154.1
157.9
156.2
98.1
162.4
162.6
98.3
99.4
98.1
165.3 163.3
32.2
42.2
33.0
32.9
32.5
43.2
43.1
42.4
39.9
80.5
40.1
40.0
40.0
80.8
81.0
80.5
213.7 195.2 248.0 222.6
238.1 294.1 267.9
256.8
19.2
19.4
17.7
26.1
26.5
24.5
17.3
25.3
78.5
101.9
69.6
92.6
73.4 116.9
60.1
83.1
46.8
47.3
47.0
52.6
53.0
41.0
46.8
52.8
95.6
94.0
89.5
89.7
128.9 129.4 134.2 135.4
17.0
16.9
15.9
24.2
24.4
16.1
23.4
23.2
28.6
28.3
27.1
44.7
44.4
27.1
42.8
42.7
130.1 130.4 128.3 129.2
211.5 211.5 208.8 210.1
91.5
90.9
92.0
92.3
163.9 163.6 160.6 161.6
37.7
37.4
38.1
48.5
48.2
38.1
47.9
47.6
88.7
80.8
85.6
85.4
106.8 106.8 101.3 110.3
22.0
16.2
22.3
21.6
26.6
20.5
27.0
27.7
53.2
51.1
49.7
50.4
63.9
60.9
60.1
59.2
26.0
25.0
26.0
25.8
35.2
34.3
36.3
34.7
84.1
87.3
85.4
84.2
201.8 200.1 202.2 198.2
23.4
23.7
24.7
24.7
39.7
39.3
39.5
39.6
38.3
39.9
38.1
37.6
117.1
118.3
115.8
117.8
169.3 173.2 172.1
172.2
129.2 126.8 129.2 127.5

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

56.3
38.2

55.2
38.6

54.9
38.1

55.2
38.2

54.2

42.8
28.1

41.9
28.7

41.1
28.0

41.3
27.9

40.5

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225

734.7
101.9
89.6
18.5
23.6

736.1
102.5
90.2
18.8
23.6

727.3
97.5
94.1
19.3
25.1

726.3

637.8
92.2
79.9
15.1
20.6

638.7
92.6
80.4
15.4
20.4

214.0
35.1
35.4
72.4
26.2
26.0
61.0
24.5
22.3
59.4
112.4
83.2
15.3
54.2

207.2
32.6
35.0
69.4
25.6
25.4
58.9
24.1
21.2
59.6
110.5
81.7
15.1
55.1

187.1
31.2
31.6
64.0
22.0
22.6
51.5
20.7
18.3
48.3
100.6
75.2
13.6
42.5

187.5
31.3
31.7
64.5
21.9
22.5
51.3
20.7
18.2
48.0
100.9
75.6
13.5
42.2

630.6
88.3
83.2
15.7
21.5
182.9
29.7
31.6
61.9
21.5
22.2
48.7
19.8
17.1
48.5
98.8
74.0
13.3
43.0

629.6
87.6
83.4
15.8
21.6
182.2
29.4
31.5
61.6
21.5
22.4
48.5
19.9
17.1
48.6
98.9
74.2
13.3
43.0

630.2

213.4
35.0
35.3
72.1
25.9
26.0
61.2
24.4
22.4
59.9
112.2
82.9
15.4
54.4

726.1
96.9
94.2
19.5
25.2
206.3
32.4
34.9
69.1
25.4
25.6
58.5
24.0
21.2
59.8
110.8
82.2
15.1
54.9

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
,
Women's and misses' outerwear
,
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
,
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233

940.5
49.9

940.3
50.1
271.3
73.9
44.2
85.5
297.3
38.5
68.9
35.3

923.0
51.1
266.9
71.1
43.0
82.8
285.1
36.6
66.8
36.2

926.7

154.6

145.5

925.4
50.6
265.1
70.8
43.2
80.6
287.8
36.7
67.6
35.4
148.1

See footnotes at end of table.

48




2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282

229

2331
2335
2337.
2339

1,118.4 1,117.8 1,095.7 1,098.3 1,099.1
58.8
58.4
58.1
57.9
307.8
309.7
313.3 314.6
83.0
83.3
86.4
86.4
49.7
49.5
50.6
50.0
92.7
94.8
97.9
97.6
357.6 355.9 341.9
344.2
46.2
46.2
44.5
44.5
82.3
84.4
81.6
80.6
42.6
43.5
42.9
43.6
183.5 184.8 173.2 175.2

270.2
74.1
43.8
85.1
298.8
38.6
71.0
36.0
153.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

2396

73.2
60.0
13.2
59.7
25.1
42.8
196.5
26.0
55.7
40.3

72.7
59.4
13.3
59.6
25.2
42.5
197.1
26.0
56.0
40.6

70.3
57.6
12.7
55.3
23.0
42.8
198.7
25.1
56.0
40.5

70.7
57.7
13.0
55.1
23.1
42.9
200.7
25.1
57.5
41.2

26
261,2,6
262
263
264

682.7
190.0
166.3
53.2
233.8

684.0
190.3
166.6
53.2
234.3
58.6
27.1

690.9

691.3

190.1

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238

239
2391
2392

2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752

276
278
279

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee ... 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

Production workers1

All employees

29
291
295

27.1
52.7
205.7
45.2

53.1
206.2
45.5

190.5
167.8
53.2
237.2
58.9
27.1
54.0
210.0
45.9

111.3
22.4

111.5
22.5

113.5
23.7

58.6

Nov.
1988P

693.8

167.3

52.9
237.9

27.9
80.2
540.5
167.4
344.3
50.6
73.8
54.2

173.7
355.3
51.5

28.8
82.7
562.3
174.2
358.4
51.6

79.8
56.6

80.9
57.6

29.0
82.1
558.3

216.2
171.3
157.0
44.5
41.7
70.8
62.1
151.3

28.9
122.4
51.0
97.8
167.1

127.0
27.8

218.1
173.1
158.2
45.2
41.9

71.1

231.8

184.0
167.6
45.2
43.7
78.7
61.8
157.7
30.1

43.9
77.6

122.9
50.6

127.6
51.4

61.7
158.4
30.5
127.9
51.8

98.3

98.7

98.7

166.1
127.1
26.6

169.8
128.8
27.8

128.9
27.8

61.8
152.0

29.1

169.8

169.7

Oct.
1988P

58.4
49.5
8.9
46.7
20.0
35.3
165.0
20.7
47.7
33.8

58.8
49.6
9.2
46.3
20.1
35.5
166.7
20.7
48.7
34.6

518.3
144.3
125.6
40.1

519.7
144.7
126.0
40.2
173.5
36.7
21.1
42.0

522.0
144.3

521.6

84.8

161.3
36.2
84.9

19.2

19.3

850.4
174.6

859.8
175.9
46.7

35.9

231.3
183.6
166.5
45.0

Sept.
1988

59.7
50.7
9.0
50.0
22.1
35.2
163.2
21.2
48.1
34.0

21.0
41.6
160.7

1,035.4 1,039.7 1,072.5 1,071.6 1,074.5
133.2 133.4 133.4 132.5
88.5
89.9
89.4
90.4
167.3 170.1 170.7
166.8
79.1
79.1
76.3
76.0
64.1
63.6
63.4
63.6

Nov.
1987

60.0
51.1
8.9
50.0
22.1
35.7
162.2
21.1
47.7
33.8

173.2
36.9

58.9
27.3
54.2
210.4
46.0
113.7
23.3

1,521.3 1,535.3 1,569.8 1,579.3 1,588.7
479.0 477.2 479.4
475.3
124.3 128.2 129.6
122.9
110.4
111.3
108.3
106.6
81.6
82.3
80.4
79.3

27.3
79.0
535.5
166.5
340.7
50.2
73.4
53.8

Oct.
1987

126.6
40.6
174.1
35.4
20.9
42.5
163.0
36.5
85.4
20.0

Nov.
1988P

526.3

143.5
125.7
40.3

174.2
35.0
21.1
42.6
163.6

36.7
85.6
19.6
881.7
171.9
46.0
56.8
33.8
23.0
41.5
410.3
125.1

886.9

41.4
389.2
119.0
247.5
34.5
58.6
40.2

42.1
393.6
119.8
250.7
34.8
58.9
40.5

876.1
170.9
45.6
58.1
34.8
23.3
41.3
406.8
124.7
258.7
35.4
63.1
41.8

580.9
67.0
48.3

604.0
67.3
48.6
112.2
46.9
45.5
103.6
80.2
108.4
27.9
24.9
55.6
30.7
91.3
18.6
72.7
32.6
57.9

602.5
66.4
47.7
112.4
46.9
45.7
103.8
80.6
107.1
28.0
25.0
54.1
30.6
91.4
18.6
72.8
32.8
58.0

603.9

109.2
44.8
44.3
98.6
76.7
101.0
27.8
23.6
49.6
30.5
86.4
18.4
68.0
32.0
56.2

583.2
67.0
48.3
109.2
44.5
44.3
99.8
77.8
101.8
28.5
23.6
49.7
30.3
86.9
18.5
68.4
31.7
56.5

109.6
81.3
21.4

108.7
81.4
20.3

111.1
82.1
21.7

111.9
83.2
21.5

110.5

46.5
54.7
33.3
21.4

56.6
34.7
21.9

261.6
35.3
64.1
42.7

See footnotes at end of table.




49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods-—Continued
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
.-.
Handbags and personal leather goods

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

30
301
302

840.8
85.6
12.2

846.3
85.7
12.3

877.1
84.9
11.9

884.5
87.4
12.0

303,4
306
307

23.0
105.0
615.0

23.2
105.7
619.4

24.9
109.3
646.1

25.3
109.8
650.0

31

147.1
14.3
86.3
38.0
30.3
11.4
17.2

147.8
14.4
86.8
38.4
30.3
11.5
17.0

147.4
14.3
85.9
38.5
29.2
12.4
16.3

146.6
14.2
85.4
38.6
28.7
12.3
16.1

5,499

5,498

5,665

3,267

3,265

311

314
3143
3144
316

317

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation

484.9

18.5
83.9
509.0

18.8
84.3
512.3

146.1

122.8
11.9
74.3
31.0
26.7
8.2
13.8

123.3
11.9
74.6
31.3
26.8
8.2
13.7

122.0
11.9
73.3
31.1
25.8
9.1
12.7

121.5
11.9
72.7
31.2
25.3
9.0
12.7

121.0

5,675

5,697

4,565

4,565

4,703

4,712

4,730

3,413

3,426

3,442

288.8
100.8

288.1
101.3

290.4
106.3

297.1
106.5

28.2

28.1

29.2

29.8

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

312.6

311.6
110.9
33.8
31.1
113.4

317.2

323.2
117.2
32.4
33.1
114.9

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

Water transportation
Local water transportation
Water transportation services

117.2
32.1
32.5
110.2

118.2

123.2

130.6

44
445
446

175.2
26.6
95.1

177.0
25.6
97.8

188.6

29.0
106.7

182.4
28.3
101.4

Transportation by air
Air transportation
Air transportation services

45
451,2
458

619.8
544.3
75.5

623.4
547.7
75.7

660.6
580.2
80.4

660.0
578.8
81.2

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

18.3

18.2

16.4

16.2

Transportation services
Freight forwarding

47
471

308.2
65.4

308.1
65.4

337.8
70.3

340.5
71.7

491

492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Automotive parts and supplies
See footnotes at end of table.

50




50
501
5012
5013

887.6

1,521.3 1,523.6 1,588.4 1,602.8
1,397.6 1,405.4 1,465.2 1,472.2
123.7

49

694.1

17.0
81.2
488.3

300.6
258.6

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

Nov.
1988P

16.8
80.5

303.7
261.6

48
481
483
4832
4833

Oct.
1988P

690.2
64.9
9.9

303.2
263.8

Communication and public utilities
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting
Television broadcasting

Sept.
1988

683.6
62.3
9.9

311.9
272.5

31.2

Nov.
1987
657.4
60.7
10.2

40
4011

114.1

Oct.
1987

652.7
60.4
10.1

Railroad transportation
Class I railroads2

110.7
33.4

Nov.
1988P

2,232 2,233 2,252 2,249
1,304.3 1,307.5 1,316.1 1,313.0
906.0
908.7
914.3
912.9
245.9
235.6 239.6 246.4
118.2
117.8
114.9
114.7
128.1
128.2
120.7
124.9

1,326.8 1,329.0 1,385.6 1,398.8
1,221.2 1,228.8 1,281.5 1,287.5
104.1
105.6
100.2
111.3

13.3

13.2

11.6

11.4

986.0
673.2
193.2

988.1
672.5
195.7

992.4
664.3
202.7

990.7
662.7
202.6

733.8
339.4
131.0
167.6
74.4

732.1
339.0
130.5
166.4
74.9

738.4
338.1
132.0
165.4
80.9

737.7
338.7
131.6
164.8
80.9

2,255

927.2
445.5
165.5
203.6
85.6

925.8
445.3
165.1
202.4
86.3

935.8
445.0
167.2
202.3
93.3

935.7
445.3
J66.9
202.1
93.6

5,964

5,975

6,241

6,272

6,287

4,780

4,793

5,031

5,056

3,505
437.9
113.7
293.5

3,518
438.7
114.2
293.9

3,718
456.3
120.1
304.8

3,742
456.5
120.8
304.3

3,759

2,778
350.9

2,791
352.0

2,973
367.0

2,993
367.2

5,065

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, TV and radios
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies ....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Commercial machines and equipment
Construction and mining machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
....
Professional equipment and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wines and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1972
SIC

502
5021
5023
503
5031

5039
504
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086

509
5093

Oct.
1987

145.7

63.2
82.5
246.4
112.3
134.1
87.3
138.2
505.1
277.4
69.5
158.2
266.9

Nov.
1987

147.6
63.7
83.9
247.4
112.2
135.2
88.8
138.2
506.9
279.1
68.9
158.9
266.0

551.5
78.7
116.4
305.6
130.9
177.8
204.1

554.4
78.9
115.3
307.1
131.9
178.6
205.3

92.5

93.2

2,459

2,457
206.7
171.3
202.2

145.7
65.1
80.6
285.8
129.1
156.7
89.1
147.9
532.3

297.0
69.2
166.1
274.0

581.6
83.2

122.7
328.1
139.6
194.4
216.9
101.3

56.8
468.7
151.6

94.6
58.3
468.1
148.6

2,523
213.3
177.5
204.4
814.2
259.3
64.7
109.8
133.6
206.1
89.0
117.1
156.7
98.8
57.9
486.1
162.8

18,777

19,050

19,387

756.0
418.5
158.7

752.9
415.7
159.8

770.0
421.6
165.5

248.5
65.4

251.6
66.2

5148

99.0

97.1

130.7

130.5
200.5
84.9
115.6

Retail trade

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

206.8
171.2

201.8
792.5

199.6
84.6
115.0
151.3

94.5

792.6

152.9

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

147.8
65.4
82.4

118.4

120.3

117.4

119.6

290.8

202.9

203.3

234.1

238.2

71.9
108.3
384.1

73.0
108.6
384.9

72.4
117.2
409.4

73.6
117.6
415.0

215.4

215.8

221.1

221.6

Nov.
1988P

131.8
159.0

90.9
148.2
538.9
300.7
70.6
167.6
274.5

92.3
93.2
92.0
93.3
109.8 109.9 113.3 114.3
1,473.3 1,479.0 1,570.4 1,573.2

51
511
512
513
514
5141
5147
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

Production workers1

All employees

1,161.7 1,167.6 1,260.0 1,261.6

582.5
83.7
121.9
330.1
140.3
194.3
221.0
103.2

2,530
214.0
179.4
206.9
810.6
259.5
64.5
105.9
133.5
205.7
88.8
116.9
155.2

2,528

164.5

165.8

174.6

178.1

2,002
168.2
142.3
153.7
668.9

2,002
167.7
142.7
154.6
669.7

2,058
172.4
148.8
158.1
687.7

2,063
173.3
150.8
160.2
683.5

96.4
155.5

96.7
156.6

98.2
161.4

97.6
161.0

123.9

125.1

128.7

127.2

380.2

380.8

394.6

394.5

97.5
57.7
486.9
161.7

19,406 19,638 16,679 16,938 17,163 17,182 17,380
625.0
350.7
133.0

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,516.9 2,665.7 2,489.5 2,549.1 2,690.4 2,349.7 2,496.0 2,292.2 2,350.3
2,106.3 2,235.2 2,069.3 2,115.1
1,981.3 2,108.4 1,916.1 1,961.0
244.6 251.0 242.4 249.5
224.2 230.2
221.6 228.3
166.0 179.5 177.8 184.5
144.2 157.4 154.5 161.0

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545

546

2,978.5 3,016.1 3,116.1 3,147.3 3,182.4 2,741.0 2,774.8 2,867.1 2,897.4
2,426.5 2,447.1 2,551.0 2,573.7
2,624.9 2,648.2 2,756.5 2,779.3
58.9
58.0
57.4
58.3
27.1
30.9
29.2
25.5
178.5 176.2 178.8
174.1
158.3 162.4 159.0 161.3

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

2,029.8 2,021.4 2,109.3 2,106.6 2,107.9 1,700.3 1,691.8 1,763.4 1,760.8
987.5 1,024.2 1,024.5
992.3
848.9
818.3
848.8
823.5
328.2 336.0 337.6
329.7
273.2
271.7
267.4
266.6
610.4 610.4 638.5 636.8
553.4
554.7
531.9
531.0

767.8
418.2
166.4

627.8
353.5
131.9

636.5
354.5
137.3

634.5
351.3
138.1

See footnotes at end of table.




51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings ..
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

1972
SIC
Code

56
561
562
565
566

Production workers

All employees
Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

1,109.5 1,150.7 1,092.7 1,106.1
105.6
102.3
101.1
110.1
378.7
387.2 394.4
384.9
257.6 275.2
258.4
254.9
224.0 227.8
220.5 223.2

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

940.6
86.8
329.1
224.4
184.4

979.2
91.4
335.5
241.5
188.1

920.6
81.6
318.2
220.9
183.8

930.2
82.6
322.8
224.3
184.6

677.5
373.0
_
78.1
226.4

688.3
379.9
_
77.6
230.8

670.7
373.6
_
73.6
223.5

679.3
378.1
_
75.0
226.2
_

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
Radio and television stores
Music stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5732
5733

Eating and drinking places

58

6,196.1 6,162.8 6,556.2 6,421.9 6,381.7 5,638.1 5,604.2 5,971.6 5,846.5

Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods ....
Nonstore retailers
Mail order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591
592
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599

2,372.4 2,448.4 2,432.5 2,477.2
586.3
584.9
584.0 592.2
124.1
125.3
123.8
125.2
815.7 840.8
794.5 845.3
146.4
147.7
141.1
150.0
78.0
83.7
78.7
82.9
75.9
76.9
77.9
77.0
154.4
156.7
150.3
156.5
159.4
169.0
168.1
164.9
61.4
60.7
62.7
63.3
290.0 293.5
275.9 278.5
140.7
144.8
133.2
130.8
89.9
89.3
88.8
90.3
109.3
113.5
111.9
117.4
384.5 393.3
437.0
427.1

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance

818.0
453.4
281.4
90.7
273.9
199.7
74.2

Oct.
1987

831.5
460.4
284.0
90.4
280.7
204.7
76.0

820.5
459.2
285.8
87.8
273.5
195.6
77.9

829.9
464.1
288.6
89.1
276.7
197.9
78.8

6,582

6,706

6,693

6,704

3,283

3,289

3,297

3,294

3,304

60
602
6022
6023,4
603

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Federal savings and loan associations .
State associations, insured
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
612
6122
6123
614
615
616

889.8
398.6
221.0
172.8
238.3
57.6
170.9

890.2
399.2
221.3
173.1
239.8
58.3
168.6

892.8
389.8
219.9
165.4
249.7
68.3
162.9

893.6
390.2
220.6
165.0
250.3
69.6
161.7

Security, commodity brokers, and services
Security brokers and dealers

62
621

461.1
361.1

463.5
362.4

453.7
348.4

452.4
347.1

Holding and other investment offices

67

206.5

208.4

218.4

218.6

2,039

2,039

2,079

2,086

Insurance
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

63
631
632
633
636

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64

See footnotes at end of table.

52




2,003.8 2,078.3 2,040.6 2,082.6
508.0
499.2
499.5
497.5
_
_
_
_
717.7
666.7
707.0
682.2
_
-

6,589

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
State banks, Federal Reserve
State banks, not Federal Reserve
Mutual savings banks

1,725.9 1,727.0 1,732.0 1,729.5
1,556.9 1,557.1 1,555.1 1,551.9
343.5
342.2
344.6 343.9
371.1
374.0
374.2
371.0
85.6
84.1
84.0
85.3

1,429.1 1,429.0 1,453.1 1,457.2
587.9
593.9
586.0
592.5
206.8
199.6 204.5
198.6
551.9
551.6
539.6
537.5
56.7
56.9
57.3
58.1
609.5

609.6

625.8

629.0

Nov.
1988P

263.3

266.0

_
90.7
312.2
4,806

_
249.0

_
93.1
319.8

246.3
_
93.7
345.3

_
97.3
352.3

4,796

4,857

4,843

1,238.8 1,241.0 1,235.9 1,232.8
1,113.6 1,115.3 1,106.4 1,102.9
-

664.4
302.8
_
183.9
-

664.0
303.4
_
185.3
-

664.2
295.2
_
193.2
-

665.0
295.4
_
193.9
-

955.0
355.8
159.8
359.4

955.2
355.0
160.8
360.6

967.6
353.2
165.3
370.1

972.1
356.1
167.0
369.8

2,091

4.85C

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1972
SIC
Code

Industry

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Real estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc

Oct.
1987

1,267

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers

65
651
653
655

Combined real estate, insurance, etc

66

Production workers1

All employees
Nov.
1987

1,254

Sept.
1988

1,330

Oct.
1988P

1,313

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

1,309

1,257.1 1,244.5 1,320.4 1,303.8
532.6
558.7
548.2
529.4
532.1
562.3
559.2
530.4
158.7
166.1
163.3
151.2

10.2

9.9

9.6

9.6

24,622 24,578 25,814 25,917 25,982 21,565 21,528 22,535 22,634 22,679

Services
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

70
701

1,491.8 1,460.0 1,653.4 1,606.0
1,450.9 1,422.6 1,604.2 1,561.5

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories

72
721
722
723
726

1,158.3 1,156.5 1,193.3 1,206.2
411.2
412.6 417.9
419.8
62.1
62.4
58.6
55.7
355.6 359.1
356.7
358.5
76.6
76.6
78.5
78.3

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Temporary help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming and software
Data processing services

73
731
7311
732
733
734
736
7361
Z.362.
737
7372
7374

5,334.4 5,322.3 5,588.0 5,601.4 5,615.7 4,576.2 4,567.2 4,779.0 4,784.4
216.7
214.7
160.4
215.1
159.9
160.2
159.3
215.0
159.7
158.3
158.0
158.7
95.1
98.6
95.4
97.0
221.9
247.2 252.1
224.7
726.3
715.7
735.6
645.3
642.9 664.5 655.8
711.5
1,282.4 1,268.7 1,339.9 1,341.8
200.5
190.1
197.1
188.3
1,010.8 9SL5
526.9 530.5
580.0
582.3
670.8 675.4 743.1 748.0
253.4 254.9 286.3 287.8
307.2 308.9 332.4 336.8

739

2,121.0 2,120.8 2,201.4 2,211.1
192.1 192.8 202.3 201.4
593.4 597.2 612.0 614.1
464.2 458.2 478.0 477.8
246.8 247.8 263.1 262.8
83.1
85.1
85.4
85.3

Miscellaneous business services
Research development laboratories, nee
Management and public relations
Detective and protective services
Equipment rental and leasing
Photofinishing laboratories

Nov.
1988P

,

7391
7392

7393
7394

7395

Auto repair, services, and garages
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Automotive repair shops

75
751
753

801.2
161.6
479.0

802.3
161.5
480.3

836.6
170.1
507.2

840.1
169.9
508.6

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

323.3
104.2

326.2
105.0

346.6
116.2

346.4
117.4

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters

78
781
783

230.5
116.4

230.4
116.5
99.4

244.3
120.9
107.7

Amusement and recreation services

79

859.0

802.2

994.2

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Outpatient care facilities

80
801
802
805
8051
8059
806
8062
8063

8069
807
808

6,927.9 6,954.4 7,322.9
1,072.2 1,078.2 1,158.1
473.4
476.6 496.5
1,295.8 1,298.7 1,339.1
869.2 870.8 896.7
426.6 427.9 442.4
3,202.3 3,215.4 3,375.0
2,985.5 2,997.7 3,144.4
76.6
77.1
82.5
140.2
148.1
140.6
151.1
138.3
139.5
268.6 269.2 299.2

1,293.2 1,263.6 1,433.5 1,392.5
366.6

367.8

371.2

373.2

320.0

319.9

320.3

319.4

667.9

690.0

692.8

397.3

418.3

419.4

267.3

270.7

283.4

283.4

230.4
116.3
98.5

193.1
93.9

193.9
94.6

204.6
95.9

190.9
90.7

899.3

745.8

696.1

849.6

770.0

667.2
396.4

7,364.9 7,413.5 6,158.0 6,182.1 6,509.0 6,541.3
1,166.2
949.6 954.7
886.1
881.3
434.6 436.9
499.3
417.2 420.5
1,340.2
897.4
442.8

1,169.8 1,172.2 1,209.9 1,209.4

3,390.9

2,921.0 2,933.8 3,087.1 3,100.4

3,158.4
83.0
149.5
155.1
304.1

See footnotes at end of table.




53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Legal services

1972
SIC
Code

81

Production workers1

All employees
Oct.
1987

803.6

Nov.
1987

805.6

Sept.
1988

830.0

Oct.
1988P

836.6

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Correspondence and vocational schools

82
821
822
824

1,537.9 1,566.2 1,471.0 1,613.9
376.4 380.6
373.9
386.1
996.5 1,018.3 922.0 1,047.2
78.5
78.7
79.8
81.3

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Residential care

83
832
833
836

1,520.3 1,533.0 1,593.2 1,616.5
299.0 302.1
306.4
309.1
220.1 221.5
213.3
215.8
354.5 357.2
377.9 379.6

Museums, botanical and zoological gardens

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
863
864

1,581.3 1,579.7 1,598.2 1,607.8
91.2
91.3
94.4
93.4
135.5 132.5
135.5
136.5
363.5 366.1
371.2 379.8

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services
Noncommercial research organizations
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

89
891
892
893

1,332.1 1,337.7 1,404.1 1,410.2
727.7
730.8
772.7 775.5
122.2
123.1
125.0
126.7
456.3 457.1 476.5 478.2

Government
Federal Government4

State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions




50.1

17,199

2,956

2,968

Oct.
1987

672.9

Nov.
1987

675.6

Sept.
1988

691.4

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

696.6

50.7

1,078.8 1,082.7 1,126.6 1,131.4
612.5
615.3 643.0 643.9
349.7

349.6

361.8

364.8

17,750 17,924
2,969

2,973

2,886.1 2,898.3 2,909.1
990.8
994.2
951.0
803.2 810.6
828.3
1,092.1 1,093.5 1,129.8
37.9
37.9
37.5
20.0
20.1
21.3

3731

125.0
76.4

125.4
76.4

121.2
73.8

121.3
74.1

806

44.1
429.6
250.0

44.1
428.1
250.5

39.4
432.9
248.0

39.4
436.5
247.2

806
82

4,081
4,105 4,004
4,169
439.5 440.0 444.8
446.1
1,704.1 1,735.6 1,552.9 1,732.4

4,216

1,400.7 1,394.4 1,456.4 1,444.3

806
82

10,331 10,452 10,227 10,612 10,735
492.7 492.4 495.6 494.8
616.8 618.3
639.4
640.7
5,867.0 5,974.5 5,585.3 6,007.5
3,027.6 3,037.3 '3,137.4 3,101.1

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the
nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to

54

49.1

17,356 17,513
2,944

Executive, by agency4
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
Federal government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals

50.4

Nov.
1988P

civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Aug.
1987

Sept.
1987

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

46,803

47,637

48,574

48,673

49,586

38,951

39,120

40,434

40,599

40,778

6,957

7,006

7,072

7,166

7,195

96

96

99

100

98

543

543

585

589

588

6,318

6,367

6,388

6,477

6,509

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products .,.
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,005
121
163
115
103
318
451
868
392
301
173

3,035
121
164
115
103
322
453
877
400
302
176

3,080
125
163
119
105
327
479
883
395
311
174

3,102
126
165
119
107
331
479
890
392
314
180

3,119
125
168
119
108
333
480
894
397
314
182

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,313
559
16
355
875
166
648
298
24
284
88

3,332
559
18
356
886
166
649
299
24
288
87

3,308
535
16
345
842
170
678
314
26
300
83

3,375
560
17
349
867
170
681
315
26
302
87

3,390
562
19
350
873
170
681
315
26
305
88

39,846

40,631

41,502

41,507

42,391

Transportation and public utilities ...

1,531

1,569

1,607

1,611

1,640

Wholesale trade

1,749

1,761

1,846

1,854

1,870

Retail trade

9,888

9,922

10,208

10,249

10,273

Finance, insurance, and real estate

4,138

4,103

4,205

4,206

4,176

14,688

14,759

15,496

15,513

15,624

7,853
1,058
1,805
4,990

8,517
1,049
1,885
5,583

8,140
1,069
1,860
5,211

8,074
1,065
1,863
5,146

8,808
1,061
1,963
5,784

Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.

55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987

1988

Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Construction
General building contractors

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

103,678

104,001

104,262

104,729

105,020

105,281

105,489

106,057

106,271

106,425

106,737

86,520

86,794

87,044

87,475

87,700

87,973

88,139

88,678

88,941

89,066

89,205

89,459

89,877

25,123

25,201

25,180

25,271

25,330

25,435

25,466

25,592

25,663

25,639

25,648

25,741

25,860

736
418

735
417

728
414

731
415

733
419

737
421

739
425

740
425

740
424

739
423

734
419

729
413

722
406

5,090
1,348

5,118
1,352

5,083
1,365

5,150
1,377

5,192
1,383

5,238
1,400

5,237
1,394

5,308
1,412

5,330
1,400

5,340
1,401

5,365
1,404

5,364
1,393

5,419
1,403

19,297

19,348

19,369

19,390

19,405

19,460

19,490

19,544

19,593

19,560

19,549

19,648

19,719

11,355
750

11,390
754
533
588

11,393
754
536
583
768
279

11,404

11,411
755
534
585
772
281
1,439

11,459
758
535
587
773
281
1,444
2,111
2,117
2,045
848
706
383

11,477
757
537
585
776
281
1,448
2,121
2,115
2,048
851
709
381

11,515
757
537
587
781
281
1,457
2,134
2,120
2,047
850

11,566
756
541
589
789
282
1,464
2,151

11,547
753
537
586
785

11,537
753
538

11,595
760
541
588
794
282

11,642
768
540

2,122
2,052
857

713

715
387

2,126
2,044
855
718
384

8,001
1,648
54
727
1,100
687

8,013
1,643
52
728
1,100

8,027
1,631
52

8,013
1,630
52

1,554
1,056
165
864
146

1,559
1,060
166
870
146

8,029
1,645
53
727
1,097
691
1,565

1,065

1,067
167

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

531
585

768
279

769

2,100
2,047
854
704

279
1,433
2,074
2,110
2,046
851
704

379

379

7,942
1,636
54
733
1,110
683
1,528
1,041
167
845

7,958
1,638
54
733

1,429
2,062

1,106

1,435
2,085
2,112
2,036
839
704
380

7,976
1,647
55
732
1,105
685
1,538

756
535
584
770
280
1,438
2,091
2,112
2,031
837
705
382
7,986
1,649
54
732
1,104
686
1,544
1,049

2,099
2,115
2,025
835
705
382

7,994
1,647
54
729

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

382

726
1,096

281
1,458

2,156

719

585
787
280
1,460
2,159
2,124
2,032

849
716

Oct.

106,975 107,438

1,469
2,172
2,126
2,045
859

719

383

381

8,012

8,053
1,656

1,632
51
722
1,087
688
1,575
1,069

NOV.P

51
722
1,086
690

590
798
284
1,471

2,187
2,133
2,053
860
720
382

8,077
1,661
53
723
1,091
692
1,581

147

856
147

1,106
687
1,548
1,052
164
860
147

144

170
886
144

79,082

79,458

79,690

79,846

80,023

80,465

80,608

80,786

81,089

81,234

81,578

5,481
3,244
2,237

5,499
3,261
2,238

5,513
3,272
2,241

5,530
3,285
2,245

5,543
3,298
2,245

5,556
3,308
2,248

5,582
3,332
2,250

5,598
3,345
2,253

5,605
3,351
2,254

5,618
3,366
2,252

5,623
3,372
2,251

5,662
3,405
2,257

5,958
3,514
2,444

5,984
3,536
2,448

6,010
3,555
2,455

6,035
3,573
2,462

6,061
3,591
2,470

6,089
3,610
2,479

6,115
3,635
2,480

6,148
3,660
2,488

6,174
3,681
2,493

6,192
3,696
2,496

6,219
3,714
2,505

6,242
3,735
2,507

6,270
3,755
2,515

18,761
2,495
2,979
2,026
6,216

18,784
2,494
2,988
2,033
6,232

18,927
2,526
3,014
2,038
6,260

19,045
2,561
3,029
2,047
6,291

19,050
2,543
3,044
2,055
6,319

19,093
2,546
3,049
2,064
6,326

19,130
2,541
3,053
2,070
6,336

19,205
2,549
3,080
2,076
6,352

19,261
2,545
3,097
2,088
6,369

19,279
2,539
3,106
2,095
6,377

19,291
2,533
3,110
2,095
6,384

19,329
2,519
3,141
2,102
6,415

19,348
2,517
3,145
2,114
6,440

6,608
3,299
2,042
1,267

6,619
3,301
2,049
1,269

6,633
3,308
2,052
1,273

6,636
3,305
2,053
1,278

6,651
3,306
2,060
1,285

6,650
3,302
2,065
1,283

6,656
3,299
2,067
1,290

6,679
3,304
2,074
1,301

6,684
3,300
2,077
1,307

6,689
3,298
2,081
1,310

6,692
3,300
2,083
1,309

6,710
3,307
2,090
1,313

6,729
3,314
2,093
1,322

Services
Business services
Health services

24,604
5,287
6,962

24,725
5,306
6,995

24,795
5,321
7,019

24,975
5,385
7,056

25,078
5,405
7,088

25,163
5,420
7,126

25,216
5,443
7,153

25,472
5,480
7,203

25,561
5,500
7,238

25,662
5,512
7,271

25,737
5,538
7,323

25,814
5,546
7,365

26,008
5,577
7,421

Government
Federal
State
Local

17,158
2,974
3,988
10,196

17,207
2,980
4,001

17,218
2,973
4,006
10,239

17,254
2,972
4,014
10,268

17,320
2,970
4,031
10,319

17,308
2,963
4,041
10,304

17,350
2,957
4,050
10,343

17,379
2,951
4,049
10,379

17,330
2,951
4,059

17,359
2,956
4,070

10,320

10,333

17,532
2,989
4,086
10,457

17,516
2,990
4,071
10,455

17,561
2,991
4,097
10,473

684

1,532

1,047
166

145

1,047
167
851
146

78,555

78,800

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

5,466
3,231
2,235

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

Service-producing

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

p

10,226

854

165

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1987

56




689

167
873
146

692
1,567

1,089
691

1,572
1,070

882
147

167
878
145

874
146

168

1,581
1,072
169
882

1,076

benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally
adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987

1988

Industry
Sept.

Total
Total private
Goods-producing

Oct.

Nov.

Jan.

Dec

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

47,700 47,941 48,072 48,240 48,396 48,615 48,772 48,865 48,999 49,306 49,371 49,491 49,658
38,985 39,170 39,295 39,425 39,573 39,767 39,881 39,969 40,075 40,357 40,459 40,549 40,646
6,931

6,963

6,990

7,007

7,022

7,028

7,040

7,058

7,082

7,103

7,125

7,112

7,116

96

96

96

96

96

96

96

97

97

99

97

100

98

536

538

542

543

546

549

552

558

566

569

574

578

581

6,299

6,329

6,352

6,368

6,380

6,383

6,392

6,403

6,419

6,435

6,454

6,434

6,437

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,024
119
165
114
103
321
456
873
398
303
172

3,038
120
166
115
104
322
458
877
398
304
174

3,045
120
166
115
104
323
460
878
398
306
175

3,056
121
166
116
105
324
463
881
399
306
175

3,059
122
167
116
104
325
466
882
396
306
175

3,062
122
166
116
105
325
467
882
393
308
178

3,067
122
166
116
104
326
469
885
393
308
178

3,077
123
166
117
105
327
471
886
396
308
178

3,085
123
167
118
106
329
473
885
397
309
178

3,096
123
166
117
108
331
476
890
397
311
177

3,112
123
168
119
107
333
480
891
398
313
180

3,107
123
166
118
107
332
482
891
396
314
178

3,106
123
168
117
108
331
483
890
394
314
178

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,275
515
17
353
880
165
651
297

3,291
518
17
353
883
165
654
299

3,307
521
17
354
886
166
658
301

3,312
521
18
354
883
167
660
303

3,321
528
18
353
881
167
664
303

3,321
528
18
353
879
167
666
304

3,325
526
17
352
880
167
669
305

3,326
528
17
350
875
167
672
307

3,334
526
17
351
877
167
673
309

3,339
526
17
351
874
168
677
311

3,342
521
18
351
874
169
679
311

3,327
514
18
347
868
169
683
313

3,331
519
17
347
867
169
683
313

O

0

O

O

0

0

0

O

O

0

O

O

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

287
86

291
87

293
87

296
86

296
87

296
86

O

298
87

300

303
86

304
86

307
87

304
85

304
86

86
Service-producing

40,769 40,978 41,082 41,233 41,374 41,587 41,732

41,917 42,203 42,246 42,379 42,542
41,807

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

1,559
1,756
9,876
4,108

1,568
1,762
9,925
4,120

1,572
1,774
9,955
4,126

1,785
9,972
4,131

1,580

1,588

1,599

8,715
1,056
1,927
5,732

8,771
1,057
1,935
5,779

8,777
1,060
1,937
5,780

8,815
1,062
1,945
5,808

1,610

1,625

1,625

1,632

1,630

1,826

1,838

1,848

1,854

1,864

1,602
1,795

1,802

1,813
1,813

10,161 10,192 10,198 10,218 10,232

10,056 10,127 10,123
10,130
4,139

4,139

8,823
1,060
1,947
5,816

8,848
1,061
1,952
5,835

4,147

4,147

14,755 14,832 14,878 14,954 14,981 15,083 15,159

This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




1,576

4,164

4,167

4,173

4,180

4,141

15,225
8,891
8,896
1,061
1,057
1,960 1,968
5,870
5,871

15,249 15,435 15,496 15,560 15,624
8,924
1,054
1,971
5,899

8,949
1,050
1,978
5,921

8,912
1,050
1,987
5,875

8,942
1,057
1,990
5,895

9,012
1,067
2,007
5,938

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.

57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers
seasonally adjusted

1

on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,

(In thousands)
1987

1988

Industry
Nov.

Total private

Dec

Jan.

17,743

531

530

524

3,972

3,998

13,175

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.p

Nov.1

69,988 70,234 70,405 70,787 70,961 71,170 71,260 71,736 71,948 72,063 72,109 72,302 72,618
17,678

Goods-producing

Feb.

17,698 17,798

17,839

17,909

17,925

18,025

18,085

527

529

533

535

535

535

3,949

4,022

4,059

4,096

4,088

4,149

4,168

13,215

13,225

13,249

13,251 13,280

13,302

13,341

7,564
627
425
453
584
213
1,063
1,230
1,235
1,285
665
385
277

7,590
630
427
457
584
213
1,068
1,238
1,241
1,283
661
385
277

7,582
629
428
453
583
214
1,068
1,244
1,240
1,273
651
387
277

7,599
631
427
454
586
216
1,071
1,250
1,241
1,271
649
388
280

7,598
631
426
455
588
217
1,071
1,256
1,242
1,261
648
388
280

7,632
633
427
457
591
219
1,073
1,262
1,244
1,276
658
389
280

7,649
632
429
455
594
218
1,079
1,269
1,244
1,278
660
391
278

7,676
634
429
457
599
219
1,085
1,273
1,250
1,276
660
394
279

7,720
630
432
460
605
220
1,091
1,287
1,254
1,284
671
395
282

7,705
628
428
457
601
218
1,087
1,289
1,256
1,284
674
396
279

7,689
626
430
455
603
216
1,088
1,289
1,254
1,269
664
396
279

7,734
632
433
458
609
218
1,096
1,299
1,257
1,275
671
399
276

7,780
638
432
460
613
220
1,100
1,310
1,263
1,288
671
400
276

5,611
1,159
40
636
932
518
856
585
109
655
121

5,625
1,161
41
636
930
519
858
589
109
661
121

5,643
1,169
42
636
929
520
863
589
109
664
122

5,650
1,172
41
636
928
521
867
589
108
666
122

5,653
1,168
41
634
930
521
870
592
107
669
121

5,648
1,169
40
632
926
520
871
593
107
670
120

5,653
1,164
39
632
925
521
872
596
108
676
120

5,665
1,168
40
630
923
523
875
599
108
679
120

5,662
1,153
39
632
922
524
876
600
108
687
121

5,647
1,151
38
622
916
524
879
603
109
685
120

5,643
1,153
37
626
915
520
880
601
109
682
120

5,678
1,175
38
626
914
521
883
604
111
687
119

5,698
1,180
39
627
918
525
882
606
111
691
119

18,058

18,049 18,122

18,226

536

530

527

518

4,170

4,187

4,183

4,230

13,382 13,352 13,332 13,412 13,478

52,310 52,491 52,707 52,989 53,122 53,261 53,335 53,711 53,863 54,005 54,060 54,180 54,392

Transportation and public utilities

4,533

4,545

4,560

4,574

4,587

4,600

4,611

4,632

4,648

4,661

4,656

4,661

4,697

Wholesale trade

4,777

4,802

4,825

4,848

4,881

4,902

4,924

4,956

4,975

4,990

5,011

5,026

5,050

16,651

16,671

16,795

16,902

16,897

16,949

16,949

17,028

17,070

17,087

17,078

17,114

17,089

4,818

4,824

4,831

4,827

4,825

4,823

4,828

4,842

4,844

4,851

4,847

4,858

4,877

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

21,531 21,649 21,696 21,838 21,932 21,987 22,023 22,253 22,326 22,416 22,468 22,521 22,679

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.

58




p
= preliminary.
J^OTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
INDEXES OF DIFFUSION
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased, seasonally adjusted
Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Over
1 -month
span

1986
1987
1988

57.0
50.8
61.6

47.3
59.2
61.6

49.5
61.1
62.2

50.8
62.4
63.8

51.9
62.4
58.1

46.8
61.6
68.9

51.9
70.8
61.4

54.1
62.2
51.9

51.4
68.1
49.5

Over
3-month
span

1986
1987
1988

50.0
57.6
71.6

47.6
57.0
66.8

45.7
65.1
67.0

46.2
69.2
66.8

46.2
68.1
71.4

46.2
71.9
69.7

48.1
73.8
68.4

51.9
76.8
57.3

Over
6-month
span

1986
1987
1988

48.1
64.6
73.5

47.3
64.3
70.3

43.8
63.0
70.3

42.7
70.3
73.8

43.2
72.4
70.5

47.0
77.3
68.4

Over
12-month
span

1986
1987
1988

42.2
63.8
77.6

41.6
67.3
77.6

43.8
69.5
73.5

45.7
76.8
75.7

48.6
76.8

Time
span

P

44.9
73.5
73.8

Based on the number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1,
3, and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural
industries. Data for the 12-month span are unadjusted.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.)
Data are centered within the spans. Beginning with the publication




P

P

46.5
78.4
65.7
46.8
78.9

P

P

50.5
74.1
58.6

Nov.

Dec.

58.9
67.8
68.9

58.9
68.4

55.9
76.5
66.8

59.7
78.1

59.2
73.0

Oct.

P

P

53.0
67.3
64.9

P

50.0
79.7
71.9

55.9
82.7

53.2
77.8

55.9
77.0

58.4
76.5

48.6
78.9

51.6
79.7

53.8
78.4

56.5
77.8

57.8
81.9

of January 1989 data, a broader-based diffusion index covering
349 private nonagricultural industries will replace the 185-industry
index shown in this table. A new manufacturing index, comprised of
143 industries, will also be published. Establishment survey
estimates are currently projected from March 1987 benchmark
levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to
revision.

59

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

1,524.3
398.1
125.4
161.6
126.1
58.9

1,528.5
406.6
129.2
161.6
125.8
60.2

1,536.3
408.8
129.9
162.2
126.2
61.1

11.8
5.7
.1
.5
.2
2.5

11.2
5.7
.1
.5
.2
2.1

11.5
5.6
.1
.5
.2
2.5

76.5
24.6
5.7
9.6
8.1
3.1

74.7
27.6
5.9
8.9
7.6
3.2

74.5
27.5
5.9
9.0
7.5
3.2

Oct.
1988?

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

211.7

218.6

211.8

8.8

9.1

8.8

11.9

11.0

10.0

1,407.0
927.6
246.5

1,406.4
924.2
247.7

1,418.9
931.3
250.1

11.6
.6
1.6

12.2
.6
1.8

12.1
.6
1.8

101.2
68.1
19.3

96.0
64.1
18.6

95.5
63.8
18.5

854.4
49.3
77.8
233.5
32.8

869.2
51.3
77.3
239.7
32.8

871.4
51.2
76.6
240.7
33.1

4.2

35.4
2.0
2.9
11.6
1.6

35.9
1.9
2.9
12.2
1.5

35.6
1.9
2.9
12.2
1.6

11,851.4
1,100.7
159.2
208.2
4,058.4
107.4
822.8
207.2
617.8
563.0
878.2
942.1
792.7
147.1
127.6
144.7
127.8

12,179.5
1,119.6
161.4
212.1
4,111.4
114.3
843.1
213.4
638.3
585.3
915.6
952.1
803.3
146.4
131.1
150.5
132.0

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,402.3
106.4
797.1

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

Alaska
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

4.1
(1)

4.2
(1)

.9
.4

(1)
.9
.4

1.0
.4

(1)

(1)

(1)

12,265.5
1,125.6
159.8
211.9
4,146.6
112.7
847.6
213.7
645.8
587.8
921.6
958.4
806.8
149.1
131.3
149.7
131.7

41.0
1.7
13.1
.6
9.4
1
()
3.2
2.6
1.2
.9
.8
.9
.2
1.3
.7
.1
.3

40.7
1.3
13.3
.6
9.4
1
()
3.3
2.7
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.2
1.3
.8
.1
.3

40.3
1.3
13.0
.5
9.5
1
()
3.3
2.7
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.2
1.3
.8
.1
.3

614.1
63.2
9.5
12.4
153.6
7.5
50.2
13.3
53.5
35.8
57.9
36.6
33.6
6.7
8.9
8.6
9.5

663.0
67.4
8.8
13.1
159.4
6.7
53.1
14.0
58.1
38.6
62.4
"37.4
33.3
6.9
9.6
8.6
10.6

666.2
66.5
8.7
13.2
160.6
6.8
53.0
14.0
58.3
38.6
63.2
37.5
33.1
6.9
9.2
8.4
10.6

1,399.6
106.8
791.1

1,407.2
108.1
794.2

20.9
.3
13.9

20.8
.3
13.5

20.9
.3
13.4

69.4
3.7
38.3

61.3
3.2
34.2

60.6
3.1
33.9

1,655.3
200.7
482.4
253.1
127.8
87.3

1,668.5
202.4
489.8
258.2
129.3
90.0

1,682.3
203.6
492.8
260.7
129.4
90.2

1.7

79.8
9.4
21.1
13.7
5.8
4.6

81.9
9.9
22.1
14.6
5.9
5.1

82.0
9.9
22.3
14.6
5.8
5.1

326.8
278.4

333.9
283.2

337.0
287.8

.1
.2

.1
.1

.1
.1

21.2
17.6

22.5
18.1

22.5
17.9

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

655.8
2,095.2

671.2
2,154.6

674.8
2,171.1

.1
1.3

.1
1.3

.1
1.3

16.0
133.7

15.1
138.7

15.0
138.7

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

4,916.8
111.9
466.8
108.1
400.4
145.1
830.5
480.6
125.6
105.2
110.5
806.2
330.7

5,072.2
115.8
483.9
114.8
418.7
152.5
837.6
502.2
126.9
108.1
113.1
818.5
342.9

5,114.0
116.3
486.2
116.5
421.0
153.6
840.4
504.1
127.0
109.3
114.2
823.0
349.5

8.9

347.8
8.5
35.5
12.2
27.7
8.3
41.5
34.3
9.5
10.7
6.0
59.7
29.1

355.8
8.7
35.7
13.2
28.4
8.4
40.6
36.4
8.9
10.6
6.0
59.0
29.6

357.0
8.8
35.8
13.3
28.6
8.5
40.8
36.6
9.0
10.7
6.1
59.2
29.7

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco ..,
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

60




1.7

1.6
(1)

(1)
.3
.3
.5
(1)

.4
.4
.5

0

8.7
(1)

8.9
.4

.4
(1)

.4

.5
(1)

(1)
.9
(1)

.9
(1)

.3
(1)
(1)
.7
(1)

0
0)
V)
0)

.3

0)
0)

o

.4
.4
.5

0)

(1)

(1)

0

.6

0)
0)
(1)

.4
.4
.9
.3

.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Oct.
1987
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

374.3
55.2
31.7
26.1
19.1
9.5

Sept.
1988
375.3
56.4
32.0
25.7
19.2
9.9

Oct.
1988P
375.6
56.9
32.4
25.7
19.2
10.0

Oct.
1987
72.6
27.9
2.9
9.0
5.0
1.9

Sept.
1988
72.8
28.2
3.0
9.3
5.0
1.9

Oct.
1988?
73.0
28.1
3.0
9.1
5.0
1.9

Oct.
1987
337.0
99.4
23.7
43.5
28.4
12.2

Sept.
1988
341.0
101.6
24.4
44.3
29.0
12.6

Oct.
1988?
342.2
102.2
24.5
44.1
29.3
12.6

13.0

15.8

13.3

17.8

18.6

17.8

41.8

43.4

42.0

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

187.9
136.5
30.8

189.8
138.7
30.1

189.4
138.2
30.0

73.7
50.7
9.6

72.7
50.1
9.5

73.0
50.4
9.5

341.0
231.4
55.6

342.9
231.4
57.1

346.3
233.3
57.4

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

225.3
12.3
27.0
32.9
6.4

229.6
12.6
26.7
34.5
6.4

230.0
12.6
26.1
34.7
6.4

53.3
4.5
3.9
17.0
2.6

52.7
5.3
4.2
17.2
2.4

53.5
5.3
4.1
17.2
2.5

192.9
11.1
15.7
55.8
6.8

197.3
11.7
15.6
56.9
7.0

196.1
11.7
15.4
57.2
7.0

2,127.9
251.5
11.1
24.1
911.6
23.7
104.5
30.3
83.2
41.4
122.8
80.5
262.2
22.5
18.9
22.9
11.9

2,171.6
257.6
11.1
24.5
906.6
29.2
107.3
31.0
84.8
45.0
124.8
79.6
270.0
22.2
19.3
26.2
13.4

2,165.5
258.5
11.1
24.6
912.3
26.2
106.4
30.9
85.2
43.5
125.0
80.5
268.8
22.3
19.0
24.7
12.4

588.1
34.4
7.9
11.5
207.6
4.5
56.4
10.2
31.4
25.4
33.9
77.2
21.9
5.1
6.4
8.6
4.6

591.5
34.5
8.4
11.5
211.6
4.4
57.5
10.1
32.0
26.8
34.2
76.4
21.6
5.1
6.2
9.5
4.7

590.7
34.4
8.5
11.5
212.1
4.3
57.8
10.0
31.8
26.7
34.0
76.6
21.7
5.1
6.2
9.4
4.7

2,799.8
276.1
37.7
53.5
926.8
27.5
202.8
50.7
155.1
139.1
211.0
213.9
153.5
35.6
32.7
34.5
30.6

2,908.2
281.8
38.5
53.6
936.3
29.1
206.2
52.6
159.7
142.5
222.6
215.2
154.1
35.9
34.6
34.9
31.9

2,924.3
282.2
38.4
53.4
941.7
29.2
207.0
52.6
161.6
142.9
224.5
217.0
155.0
36.0
34.6
35.5
32.1

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

185.2
28.7
94.7

188.9
29.1
95.8

189.4
29.1
95.8

84.5
2.3
61.5

82.8
2.3
60.1

83.0
2.3
60.0

348.4
23.0
199.2

350.5
23.2
198.8

351.0
23.4
199.0

Connecticut

383.2
58.9
93.5
46.5
23.7
23.8

373.1
57.1
94.0
46.0
23.3
23.8

373.1
56.9
93.8
45.9
23.3
23.8

73.9
9.1
18.0
18.2
5.2
3.2

74.0
9.6
18.4
18.5
5.4
3.1

74.3
9.6
18.4
18.5
5.4
3.1

372.1
46.0
102.1
58.6
30.9
17.8

385.4
46.7
103.4
60.0
30.9
17.9

389.6
47.1
104.6
61.2
31.1
18.3

Delaware
Wilmington

70.1
59.7

68.4
56.7

69.3
58.0

13.9
15.0

14.3
15.2

14.4
15.4

72.6
58.6

72.6
59.8

72.4
60.7

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

16.4
87.1

16.2
86.9

16.5
87.3

24.5
102.4

24.9
108.3

24.8
108.9

63.7
418.4

64.0
426.3

66.4
431.1

533.2
11.8
46.1
5.4
38.6
28.2
95.6
54.4
11.4
9.0
4.7
92.8
36.1

537.0
11.8
46.7
5.6
40.2
30.1
96.1
54.7
11.3
8.9
4.9
94.9
35.6

539.3
11.8
46.8
5.7
40.4
30.2
96.1
54.9
11.5
8.8
4.8
95.2
35.8

259.7
3.4
22.3
4.9
28.1
5.9
68.9
24.9
5.9
3.6
3.1
38.6
12.0

260.5
3.5
23.4
5.1
28.2
6.0
67.6
25.9
6.2
3.5
3.2
39.3
12.4

261.9
3.5
23.3
5.1
28.7
6.0
67.8
26.0
6.2
3.5
3.1
39.4
12.5

1,325.6
32.6
138.6
31.1
108.0
33.9
222.2
125.6
32.5
30.8
23.2
223.3
88.1

1,378.4
34.5
144.2
33.3
112.6
35.1
223.4
132.0
33.8
31.2
23.5
226.1
92.0

1,390.9
34.2
144.3
34.1
112.9
35.5
223.8
132.7
33.3
31.8
23.5
227.7
94.9

Alaska

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
,

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral

Jacksonville
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
See footnotes at end of table.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Oct.
1987
70.4
29.2
3.6
8.1
7.5
2.1

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Sept.
1988
70.9
29.7
3.8
7.9
7.6
2.2

Oct.
1988*
70.9
29.5
3.8
8.0
7.7
2.2

Oct.
1987
279.4
94.3
27.9
36.6
26.2
8.3

Sept.
1988
285.3
95.9
30.3
37.3
26.0
8.6

Oct.
1988P
285.7
96.6
30.4
37.4
26.1
8.6

Oct.
1987
302.3
61.8
29.8
28.2
31.6
19.3

Sept.
1988
297.3
61.5
29.7
27.7
31.2
19.7

Oct.
1988P
302.9
62.4
29.8
28.4
31.2
20.1

Alaska

10.9

10.8

10.6

40.8

42.7

41.5

66.7

67.2

67.8

Arizona
Phoenix

95.3
75.6
12.6

91.5
72.8
12.1

91.3
72.7
12.0

350.2
235.8
65.9

355.2
239.6
66.2

357.3
240.8
67.1

246.1
128.9
51.1

246.1
126.9
52.3

254.0
131.5
53.8

37.7
1.6
2.7
15.8
1.5

38.0
1.5
2.6
16.3
1.5

38.0
1.4
2.6
16.3
1.5

155.9
7.2
17.0
53.4
6.2

161.8
7.5
16.6
55.8
6.3

162.1
7.5
16.7
56.0
6.3

149.8
10.6
7.7
46.6
7.7

149.7
10.8
7.7
46.4
7.7

151.9
10.8
7.9
46.7
7.8

812.7
91.3
6.3
13.5
287.6
4.6
54.7
10.2
26.7
33.7
61.1
112.8
34.6
8.7
8.4
8.7
4.5

826.0
90.5
6.2
12.6
295.2
4.6
56.3
11.1
28.0
35.4
63.0
113.6
35.0
8.7
8.7
8.5
4.5

827.1
90.4
6.2
12.6
296.2
4.6
56.3
11.0
27.9
35.3
63.1
113.6
34.8
8.7
8.7
8.4
4.5

2,941.7
266.7
32.8
47.9
1,059.3
21.8
189.8
49.4
144.9
120.3
232.2
285.3
199.6
40.0
28.8
30.4
29.0

3,038.2
271.9
32.4
50.7
1,086.7
22.6
195.7
51.6
147.9
127.5
244.5
294.4
203.1
40.7
29.5
31.0
29.5

3,053.0
273.3
32.3
50.4
1,092.6
22.6
197.2
51.7
149.7
128.0
244.5
295.8
206.2
40.8
29.5
30.7
29.6

1,926.1
115.8
40.8
44.7
502.5
17.8
161.2
40.5
121.8
166.4
158.5
134.9
87.1
27.2
22.8
30.9
37.4

1,940.3
114.6
42.7
45.5
506.2
17.7
163.7
40.3
126.5
168.8
163.3
134.6
86.0
25.6
22.4
31.7
37.1

1,998.4
119.0
41.6
45.7
521.6
19.0
166.6
40.8
130.0
172.1
166.5
136.5
87.0
28.0
23.3
32.5
37.5

97.9
4.1
66.8

96.8
4.0
65.9

96.1
4.0
65.6

326.5
21.6
195.7

332.3
22.0
197.7

331.6
22.2
198.1

269.5
22.7
127.0

266.2
22.7
125.1

274.6
23.7
128.4

150.6
11.9
78.1
15.3
13.2
4.5

151.8
12.6
79.8
15.8
13.8
4.5

152.1
12.6
80.0
15.8
13.8
4.5

389.4
45.4
108.0
68.8
37.6
20.7

400.6
46.7
110.5
71.5
38.6
22.5

402.8
47.0
111.5
72.2
38.7
22.2

204.7
20.0
61.3
31.7
10.9
12.7

200.0
19.8
61.2
31.4
10.8
13.1

206.7
20.5
61.8
32.1
10.8
13.2

26.9
24.0

29.0
25.6

29.4
26.0

74.9
66.0

80.4
70.0

80.7
70.7

47.1
37.3

46.6
37.7

48.2
39.0

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

37.2
125.9

37.6
130.3

37.6
130.2

235.4
670.9

244.1
701.9

246.7
704.3

262.5
555.6

269.1
561.0

267.7
569.4

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

365.2
6.6
40.0
8.2
37.9
5.5
68.0
34.0
5.7
8.5
5.0
66.4
29.1

370.8
6.6
41.6
8.3
39.6
5.8
68.4
36.2
5.7
8.7
5.0
67.3
28.5

370.9
6.6
41.6
8.3
39.5
5.8
68.5
36.3
5.8

1,320.3
30.9
125.0
30.6
102.0
42.0
223.6
151.5
30.9
30.2
22.2
221.2
96.3

1,393.7
31.6
131.0
32.9
110.0
44.9
228.3
158.7
31.8
32.3
23.0
226.3
102.6

1,399.4
31.5
132.1
33.3
110.8
45.4
228.3
158.6
31.5
32.8
23.0
228.8
105.0

756.3
18.1
58.9
15.6
57.6
21.2
109.8
55.8
29.4
12.3
46.0
103.5
39.9

767.1
19.1
60.9
16.3
59.3
22.1
112.3
58.2
28.9
12.8
47.2
105.0
42.1

785.7
19.9
61.9
16.6
59.7
22.1
114.2
58.9
29.4
13.0
48.4
105.4
42.6

Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

62




,

£.7
5.0
66.7
28.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

(Construction

State and area
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

2,798.4
63.9
1,383.0
157.6
93.3
118.9
102.8

2,802.7
61.6
1,391.4
157.6
92.0
119.2
102.4

2,814.8
64.5
1,398.8
157.6
92.1
119.0
101.9

O

(1)

(1)

Hawaii
Honolulu

463.1
369.0

463.1
367.2

470.5
373.7

(1)
0)

(1)
(1)

(1)

Idaho
Boise City

345.1
87.9

354.0
91.4

356.4
92.8

(2)

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

4,957.3
137.0
56.7
86.8
3,047.5
155.7
50.4
97.6
189.7
134.5
124.9
98.2

5,066.4
142.2
58.0
85.0
3,121.4
155.9
50.6
97.8
199.3
137.6
127.1
99.1

5,075.7
143.0
58.5
87.7
3,120.8
155.5
50.7
98.0
198.9
138.0
127.4
99.3

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,356.0
49.1
53.3
99.7
127.0
189.5
225.2
614.5
66.2
51.8
114.3
54.6

2,439.0
49.3
56.0
104.6
131.3
198.2
233.1
636.8
67.8
52.8
115.1
54.5

2,446.6
49.4
57.0
104.8
131.3
199.4
233.6
638.8
67.9
53.4
116.9
55.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,135.2
88.9
212.2
43.7
51.8
62.5

1,148.3
91.4
217.7
44.1
53.4
64.3

1,164.1
92.3
220.9
44.5
53.7
64.4

0
0)
V)
(1)

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

1,017.1
86.1
230.7

1,025.1
88.3
233.4

1,031.6
88.2
235.2

12.0
(1)
2.5

2.3

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,339.5
177.7
445.5
34.3

1,365.2
179.0
458.7
34.6

1,371.0
181.2
460.0
34.5

38.7
.7
.5
.8

35.7
.5
.4
.7

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,501.9
46.2
214.0
53.0
82.4
54.0
510.7
133.9

1,503.6
45.8
215.7
53.1
83.2
54.2
509.8
132.4

1,513.2
46.1
216.6
54.0
84.2
54.4
510.8
132.8

54.9
.2
.8
5.7
10.6
.4
14.6
3.3

54.8
.2
.8
5.9
10.6
.3
15.1
2.9

514.5
40.1
127.5

535.1
40.9
130.1

533.0
41.6
130.8

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta

Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Maine
.:
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988
8.6
.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1

8.3
.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988?
8.5
.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1

0

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

156.0
2.5
74.4
9.8
5.4
4.9
6.9

146.9
2.3
71.0
9.7
5.2
4.9
6.7

143.8
2.3
69.9
9.9
5.1
4.8
6.5

20.8
16.4

21.0
16.8

21.1
16.6

3.4

(2)

(2)

15.1
4.6

16.6
4.8

16.1
4.8

23.5
(1)
1
()
(1)
2.5

(1)
(1)

24.0
(1)
1
()
(1)
2.5
(1)
1
()

O
(11)
()
(11)
()

01
()
0
0)
0

207.0
6.7
1.8
2.5
127.7
4.9
2.0
5.6
9.5
5.5
4.9
3.5

223.3
7.4
1.8
2.5
136.3
4.8
1.9
5.6
10.4
5.7
4.7
3.4

324.2
7.4
1.8
2.5
136.4
4.7
1.9
5.6
10.5
5.6
4.7
3.4

110.1
1.5
2.3
2.9
7.7
10.3
12.5
32.6
3.1
2.2
5.4
2.1

120.2
1.5
2.7
3.1
7.6
11.6
14.4
34.7
3.7
2.3
6.2
2.5

121.5
1.5
2.7
3.0
7.6
11.6
14.8
35.0
3.7
2.3
6.1
2.6

2.8

24.3

O
(11)
()
2.6

3.3

8.9
(2)
(2)
(2)

8.4
(2)
(2)
(2)

2.2
(2)
(2)

2.1

.8

2.1
(2)
(2)
.8

.8
(2)
(2)
(2)

.3
2.4
.2

(2)
(2)
(2)
.3

.3

2.4
.1

2.3
.1

39.3
3.4
9.1
1.5
2.0
2.0

39.9
3.5
8.3
1.4
1.9
2.4

39.8
3.5
8.5
1.1
1.9
2.3

11.1
2.4

46.7
3.7
10.5

44.3
3.4
10.3

43.2
3.3
10.1

35.3
.5
.4
.7

63.5
10.5
24.6
2.3

65.9
9.6
25.6
2.2

65.6
9.4
25.8
2.0

54.3
.2
.8
5.9
10.5
.3
15.3
2.9

80.9
2.5
19.8
1.4
3.2
2.6
22.1
7.5

83.6
2.5
21.4
1.8
3.2
2.6
21.9
7.8

83.5
2.4
21.7
1.8
3.4
2.5
21.7
7.7

.1

33.0
2.4
10.0

37.1
2.5
9.7

37.1
2.4
9.8

0)
(11)
(1)
()

1

()
(1)
(1)

0)
11.4

0

(1)

.1

0)
(1)

8.3
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)

O
(11)
()
(11)
(1)
(1)
()

.1
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

See footnotes at end of table.




63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

573.5
15.6
187.7
36.2
20.2
18.5
17.4

563.5
15.4
179.3
36.8
20.3
18.6
16.8

565.2
15.5
181.9
36.7
20.4
18.2
16.7

177.5
1.7
117.5
5.3
3.6
4.9
9.1

179.2
1.7
121.1
5.2
3.5
4.9
9.2

179.3
1.7
121.3
5.0
3.4
4.8
9.0

699.5
13.1
381.2
34.2
20.6
26.8
24.9

702.0
12.9
382.5
33.3
20.0
27.0
25.3

707.2
13.1
385.4
33.3
19.9
27.1
25.2

Hawaii
Honolulu

22.2
16.5

21.9
16.1

22.0
16.2

37.2
30.6

36.8
30.5

36.7
30.5

124.8
98.0

125.1
98.2

125.0
98.1

Idaho
Boise City

56.4
11.4

59.1
12.9

59.6
12.9

18.4
5.2

19.2
5.3

19.1
5.3

86.4
22.9

87.4
23.3

88.3
24.3

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

935.9
36.6
5.0
7.8
552.1
33.0
12.9
19.7
42.5
32.1
42.2
3.8

950.5
37.4
6.2
8.2
554.4
32.9
13.3
20.0
44.5
34.7
45.0
3.9

948.0
37.6
6.3
8.2
551.0
32.4
13.1
19.9
44.1
34.8
44.8
3.9

300.5
3.1
2.6
2.3
195.6
8.2
4.9
8.4
6.9
6.8
4.3
4.9

305.2
3.1
2.6
2.3
197.4
8.2
4.8
8.3
7.3
6.6
4.4
5.0

303.3
3.1
2.6
2.3
195.8
8.2
4.8
8.3
7.4
6.7
4.4
5.0

1,237.5
38.2
12.8
19.3
764.7
42.4
11.8
22.8
51.1
33.2
29.0
22.1

1,273.2
39.7
12.8
19.3
787.5
42.5
11.6
22.9
53.2
33.1
28.9
22.1

1,279.6
39.8
12.8
19.3
785.4
42.5
11.7
22.8
54.1
33.2
29.0
22.1

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

625.0
17.3
9.2
53.8
30.6
51.1
56.3
107.3
11.9
10.4
24.3
10.4

638.1
17.0
9.8
57.0
31.2
52.6
57.2
106.1
12.6
10.9
22.0
10.0

639.8
16.9
10.1
56.9
31.0
52.7
57.1
106.4
12.6
10.8
23.2
9.9

122.3
1.5
1.7
2.8
6.7
12.1
15.0
37.5
2.0
2.5
5.0
2.8

131.3
1.6
1.8
2.9
6.7
12.8
15.3
38.9
2.0
2.5
5.2
2.9

131.4
1.6
1.8
2.9
6.8
12.8
15.3
38.7
2.0
2.5
5.3
2.9

555.2
11.4
12.0
18.4
33.3
46.4
53.0
159.5
13.2
12.8
30.1
14.6

578.3
11.5
12.6
19.1
34.8
49.1
55.6
165.5
13.2
13.0
31.1
15.3

578.1
11.5
12.7
19.0
35.0
49.3
55.2
166.6
13.3
13.2
31.3
15.2

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

219.1
22.9
24.9
12.7
10.2
13.9

227.0
24.1
25.4
13.1
10.6
15.4

228.6
24.2
26.5
13.2
11.0
15.5

54.0
6.0
12.2
1.7
3.1
1.7

55.3
6.6
12.6
1.9
3.2
1.8

55.4
6.7
12.6
1.9
3.2
1.8

286.6
21.5
55.7
9.8
13.6
14.9

293.4
22.0
58.5
10.0
14.2
15.5

294.6
22.1
58.7
10.0
14.2
15.4

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

177.3
8.5
60.5

181.2
8.6
60.7

181.6
8.3
61.3

61.9
6.6
10.7

61.5
6.4
10.7

61.5
6.3
10.5

256.1
19.6
53.1

258.0
20.6
53.9

259.4
20.7
54.2

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

263.6
27.8
86.9
6.0

274.1
30.0
88.0
6.2

273.5
30.1
87.4
6.1

67.9
7.8
28.6
2.1

67.8
8.0
30.4
2.2

67.9
8.0
30.8
2.1

321.1
42.8
110.4
8.6

332.2
44.7
116.0
8.6

334.8
45.4
116.5
8.8

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

167.2
3.4
18.7
4.9
5.8
7.1
42.2
17.5

170.2
3.3
18.9
4.3
5.9
7.4
42.9
17.4

171.0
3.3
18.9
4.7
6.1
7.4
43.1
17.4

104.7
2.2
10.2
5.6
5.7
2.7
43.4
8.2

106.1
2.2
10.5
6.2
5.9
2.6
44.3
8.1

105.9
2.2
10.4
6.2
5.9
2.6
43.7
8.1

366.2
10.9
51.7
13.7
22.0
14.3
135.0
32.7

364.4
11.1
52.1
13.6
23.1
13.8
131.5
31.7

367.6
11.1
52.5
13.5
23.2
14.1
132.1
32.0

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

105.2
10.5
16.3

108.5
10.3
16.7

109.2
10.3
16.9

20.7
1.4
6.0

22.0
1.5
5.8

21.7
1.4
5.6

127.5
9.7
37.2

133.7
10.0
38.7

131.2
10.6
39.0

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.

64




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Oct.
1987

Georgia

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988^

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

156.5
1.9
99.0
6.2
6.2
7.6
4.5

157.6
2.0
100.3
6.0
6.1
7.8
4.3

158.1
2.0
100.2
6.0
6.0
7.8
4.3

545.5
9.5
324.6
32.0
16.3
22.8
23.8

561.6
9.8
336.2
32.7
16.5
22.4
23.9

560.7
10.2
334.3
32.6
16.7
22.6
23.9

481.5
19.2
197.0
33.4
20.8
33.3
16.2

483.3
17.3
199.7
33.4
20.3
33.5
16.1

492.2
19.5
204.5
33.6
20.5
33.6
16.3

34.3
28.7

34.7
29.0

34.5
28.9

128.9
99.2

131.7
100.4

133.1
101.3

94.9
79.6

91.9
76.2

98.1
82.1

19.3
7.6

19.4
7.7

19.4
7.7

69.7
19.1

72.4
20.2

72.2
20.4

77.0
17.1

76.6
17.2

78.3
17.4

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

359.3
6.4
9.4
3.3
259.5
8.0
2.7
3.8
6.7
7.0
5.3
7.8

364.6
6.6
9.6
3.4
264.6
8.2
2.7
3.8
6.7
7.0
5.3
8.0

363.7
6.6
9.6
3.4
264.5
8.2
2.7
3.8
6.8
7.0
5.3
8.0

1,163.7
30.5
11.7
16.2
789.6
31.4
10.5
20.0
41.9
33.7
26.7
23.9

1,197.9
32.8
11.9
16.4
817.4
31.8
10.6
19.9
45.2
34.3
26.8
23.8

1,204.0
32.9
12.0
16.5
820.2
31.7
10.7
20.0
43.6
34.2
26.9
23.8

729.1
15.4
13.4
35.4
355.7
27.8
5.6
17.0
30.5
16.2
12.5
32.1

727.7
15.1
13.1
32.9
361.3
27.5
5.7
17.0
31.4
16.2
12.0
32.8

729.4
15.5
13.4
35.5
365.0
27.8
5.8
17.3
31.8
16.5
12.3
33.0

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

116.2
1.6
1.8
2.6
5.2
12.1
8.4
46.3
3.0
1.7
6.3
2.0

120.3
1.7
2.0
2.7
5.4
12.0
8.5
48.9
3.2
1.7
6.4
2.1

120.2
1.7
1.9
2.7
5.4
12.0
8.5
48.7
3.2
1.7
6.4
2.1

461.6
9.9
8.0
13.4
29.3
39.3
48.4
139.1
11.6
10.7
31.5
11.2

481.5
10.0
8.6
14.2
31.1
41.6
50.4
147.7
11.7
11.1
32.9
10.8

480.9
10.0
8.6
14.2
30.9
42.0
50.6
148.2
11.7
11.0
33.1
10.9

356.7
5.9
18.3
5.8
12.0
18.2
31.7
91.5
21.3
11.6
11.7
11.1

361.0
6.0
18.6
5.8
12.4
18.4
31.7
94.2
21.3
11.4
11.3
10.5

366.5
6.2
19.1
5.9
12.6
19.0
32.1
94.4
21.4
11.9
11.5
11.2

65.2
4.9
27.7
1.4
2.7
2.9

67.0
4.9
29.9
1.5
2.6
2.8

67.1
4.9
30.2
1.5
2.6
2.7

251.5
19.5
52.9
12.8
13.9
14.4

253.9
20.2
54.5
12.7
14.4
14.2

256.7
20.5
54.3
12.9
14.3
14.1

217.1
10.5
29.5
3.7
6.3
12.6

209.4
10.0
28.3
3.4
6.5
12.1

219.6
10.3
29.9
3.6
6.5
12.5

56.4
6.2
11.5

57.3
6.6
11.4

57.1
6.6
11.4

203.4
20.7
54.4

210.8
21.3
57.0

211.6
21.3
57.4

203.3
20.7
27.5

200.6
21.3
27.1

206.1
21.6
27.9

61.1
9.2
28.9
1.5

61.8
9.4
29.7
1.5

61.2
9.4
29.3
1.5

279.5
42.8
104.0
7.8

287.7
41.5
107.4
8.1

289.8
41.7
107.7
8.1

244.1
36.1
61.6
5.2

240.0
35.3
61.2
5.1

242.9
36.7
62.1
5.2

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

84.7
2.6
13.4
2.3
3.8
4.7
34.1
7.2

84.1
2.6
13.5
2.1
3.5
4.6
33.4
6.9

84.0
2.6
13.6
2.1
3.5
4.5
33.4
6.9

327.7
11.5
43.7
8.7
18.3
11.6
134.3
32.4

332.1
11.6
44.2
9.2
18.7
12.0
136.4
32.9

333.9
11.7
43.9
9.2
18.7
11.9
137.3
32.7

315.6
12.9
55.7
10.7
13.0
10.6
85.0
25.1

308.3
12.3
54.3
10.0
12.3
10.9
84.3
24.7

313.0
12.6
54.8
10.6
12.9
11.1
84.2
25.1

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

25.1
2.2
12.7

25.4
2.5
12.8

25.5
2.4
12.7

110.5
10.1
29.3

117.7
10.2
30.7

114.3
10.4
30.5

92.4
3.8
16.0

90.6
3.9
15.7

93.9
4.1
16.3

Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins

Savannah
Hawaii

Honolulu
Idaho
Boise City

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque

Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
Kansas

Topeka
Wichita

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville

Owensboro

See footnotes at end of table.




65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Constructior

State and area
Oct.
1987

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,043.2
1,096.3
459.3
721.6

2,057.5
1,093.2
459.7
730.0

2,069.1
1,101.8
461.1
737.0

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester

3,080.2
1,734.2
73.2
56.1
40.3
163.1
106.5
67.4
240.4
202.7

3,129.3
1,743.6
75.3
57.5
40.4
164.6
106.4
68.8
240.0
208.2

3,152.0
1,762.9
75.3
57.2
40.6
164.5
107.7
69.1
242.5
211.1

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

3,768.9
169.7
57.7
65.0
1,873.8
173.0
318.9
106.6
207.8
56.9
158.4

3,761.5
170.4
58.8
65.2
1,874.2
168.0
328.0
107.8
204.2
57.4
160.2

3,814.9
176.5
59.2
66.1
1,895.4
168.7
331.6
109.5
212.1
57.9
162.2

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,007.3
91.1
1,312.2
57.6
71.5

2,052.2
90.7
1,323.1
59.8
72.6

2,068.3
91.4
1,331.8
59.7
73.8

882.8
179.9

892.0
182.7

895.7
183.4

6.3
1.1

2,221.5
737.7
1,136.8
110.7

2,236.1
740.4
1,146.1
114.5

2,242.4
742.7
1,148.7
115.2

Montana

279.5

280.2

280.4

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

669.4
112.6
302.5

672.4
113.8
307.4

675.7
114.7
309.2

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

510.0
291.6
135.9

541.2
306.8
141.5

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

523.4
94.7
111.5

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton

3,637.9
160.6
679.9
430.7
246.2
523.4
323.6
964.9
197.9

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

See footnotes at end of table.

66




1.9
.3

0)

Oct.
1987

1.9
.3

1.9
.3

Oct.
1988P

157.4
75.7
20.3
63.9

158.9
76.0
20.3
64.4

147.0
73.3
4.0
2.6
2.7
8.4
5.8
3.3
10.5
10.1

162.0
78.6
4.6
3.0
3.0
8.9
6.6
3.8
11.1
11.1

162.2
77.9
4.4
3.0
3.0
8.6
6.6
3.7
11.2
11.1

134.3
5.7
2.2
1.6
64.8
4.6
15.1
3.3
5.7
2.3
7.1

146.0
7.0
2.4
1.6
68.9
4.7
16.2
3.5
6.5
2.4
7.6

146.5
7.3
2.3
1.6
69.3
4.9
16.3
3.5
6.4
2.3
7.8

7.5
4.8

92.5
5.2
59.1
2.1
4.3

89.9
3.9
59.9
2.1
4.2

87.7
3.8
59.1
2.1
4.1

6.3
1.1

6.2
1.1

35.6
9.1

34.7
8.8

34.4
8.7

5.6
.5
3.6
.1

5.7
.5
3.6
.1

5.6
.5
3.6
.1

104.7
38.5
58.3
5.5

105.5
38.5
59.0
6.2

104.7
39.0
58.1
6.1

6.1

6.2

6.2

10.4

10.3

10.0

1.6

.7

.2

(1)

0

()
.7

.7

2.0
1.1

2.0
1.2

1

()

()

01
()
(1)

0)
(11)
()

1

.1

(1)

.1

(1)

.1
.1

.1
.2

.1
.2

10.1
(1)
1
()

10.3
(1)
1
()
(1)
.9

10.2
(1)

0)
(1)

0)

0)

Sept.
1988

157.0
75.2
20.2
64.1

1

1.9
.9

0
01
(1)
()

Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1988

.9

(1)
(1)

0
01
(1)
()

0
0)
(1)
6.9
4.4

(1)
(1)
(1)

7.5
4.8
(1)

(1)
(2)
(2)

/2\

1.7

.8

o

(1)

V)

0)
(1)

l2\

/Z\

1.7

.2

.2

.2

25.3
4.4
12.6

25.3
4.4
12.6

25.1
4.4
12.7

543.6
309.1
141.8

8.7
.3
1.0

11.0
.3
1.2

11.0
.3
1.2

30.8
18.6
7.4

35.4
21.0
8.8

35.6
21.0
9.0

546.5
96.2
118.1

547.0
96.3
117.9

.7
.1
.1

.7
.1
.1

.7
.1
.1

39.8
5.4
6.4

42.3
5.8
6.7

41.3
5.6
6.5

3,687.2
175.5
685.9
440.0
249.1
534.7
337.9
971.1
199.1

3,715.8
167.3
694.9
446.2
250.1
543.3
33S.7
981.8
202.0

2.5

180.0
10.7
32.9
26.9
7.7
23.9
21.9
40.8
5.7

191.3
10.6
33.9
29.3
8.3
25.7
25.6
44.7
5.9

192.3
10.5
34.1
29.6
8.6
25.7
25.5
45.2
6.0

(1)

(1)

(1)

2.4
(1)

2.5
(1)

.1
.1

.2
.1
1

1

()
.7

.6
(1)

(1)

.2
.1
1

()

()
.7
(1)

(1)

.7
(1)

.7
(1)

.7
(1)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Whole;sale and retail trade

State and area
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988^

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

207.6
131.5
44.2
35.3

207.6
130.9
44.2
35.8

207.2
130.8
44.2
36.0

93.7
54.0
28.0
27.7

94.1
53.3
27.8
27.7

94.0
53.2
27.7
28.1

522.7
270.3
98.3
193.4

525.6
269.3
97.9
194.2

525.5
271.7
98.0
195.8

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester

595.3
281.6
11.5
17.0
11.6
50.8
36.1
19.2
51.3
46.6

579.1
273.2
11.4
16.1
11.4
49.5
35.3
18.5
50.6
46.0

578.8
272.7
11.6
15.9
11.5
49.2
35.3
18.6
51.3
46.2

131.4
75.6
5.2
1.8
1.6
7.0
3.7
3.0
9.6
8.9

132.4
76.3
5.3
1.9
1.6
6.7
3.3
3.0
10.1
8.6

132.4
76.2
5.3
1.9
1.7
6.7
3.3
3.1
10.1
8.6

722.7
385.2
22.1
14.9
10.2
36.6
22.4
16.3
57.0
47.7

735.1
385.8
23.5
16.1
10.2
38.2
22.6
17.2
58.1
48.4

733.3
388.5
23.4
15.7
10.4
38.3
23.2
16.9
58.1
48.7

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

960.3
39.1
15.2
21.4
464.5
53.9
96.8
29.6
34.9
17.4
44.5

938.9
38.6
15.6
21.1
451.1
48.6
99.6
30.1
33.3
17.5
43.8

943.3
38.9
15.6
21.0
453.8
48.6
99.7
30.3
33.3
17.3
44.7

149.6
4.1
1.8
2.3
84.8
4.5
11.1
3.3
5.7
2.3
6.7

151.8
4.4
1.9
2.5
87.0
4.5
11.3
3.4
5.6
1.9
7.0

153.2
4.4
1.8
2.4
86.7
4.6
11.2
3.4
5.6
2.4
7.1

872.0
29.6
11.5
13.5
444.5
46.2
82.4
23.9
42.4
12.6
37.4

882.8
30.9
12.2
14.0
448.6
47.3
85.7
24.2
43.7
12.9
37.8

888.0
31.5
12.3
14.0
450.2
47.4
86.8
24.8
44.6
12.9
38.1

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

381.1
7.7
257.3
10.7
12.0

396.4
7.8
263.0
11.5
12.7

393.0
7.9
261.6
11.2
12.8

102.5
5.9
71.5
1.7
3.4

104.1
6.2
72.1
1.7
3.7

104.4
6.1
72.5
1.7
3.7

494.6
22.1
322.2
11.5
21.5

515.0
21.9
325.9
11.7
22.8

514.4
22.0
326.2
11.8
22.8

Mississippi
Jackson

232.3
21.1

234.2
21.2

234.5
21.3

43.1
12.7

43.6
13.1

44.2
13.1

187.9
42.4

191.4
43.3

191.9
43.5

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

422.9
109.8
220.2
20.8

424.3
109.1
224.5
21.7

420.7
108.8
221.5
21.5

144.0
56.6
74.0
7.2

144.1
56.0
75.3
7.4

144.3
56.2
75.2
7.6

546.4
192.9
276.5
30.6

556.9
193.7
276.8
31.9

556.5
193.6
278.8
32.1

Montana

21.6

21.3

21.3

19.6

19.3

19.5

73.2

74.0

73.8

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

90.9
13.4
34.8

93.4
14.2
36.4

94.0
14.2
36.3

43.8
5.9
23.2

44.2
5.9
24.0

45.0
6.0
24.6

172.2
26.0
77.2

171.7
25.5
77.4

172.3
25.7
78.0

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

23.7
8.9
8.1

24.3
9.0
7.9

24.4
9.0
8.0

28.2
16.0
9.2

28.8
16.3
9.3

28.8
16.3
9.5

103.8
61.3
30.3

109.4
64.5
31.6

110.0
65.2
31.7

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

120.0
37.3
20.6

122.1
37.1
21.1

122.5
37.1
21.1

17.2
2.0
2.9

17.8
2.1
3.4

17.7
2.2
3.3

131.4
21.2
28.8

136.3
21.3
31.9

137.9
21.2
31.7

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton

677.6
8.7
161.5
71.7
50.2
114.4
30.2
181.8
31.2

671.5
8.3
160.4
72.5
48.6
117.3
30.0
178.1
30.9

672.4
8.1
160.7
72.8
48.7
117.9
29.9
178.2
30.9

242.9
6.1
29.3
18.5
31.6
43.9
16.6
82.0
6.7

247.0
6.3
28.5
19.1
31.3
44.9
17.2
79.4
6.8

248.5
6.2
28.9
19.4
31.1
45.0
17.3
80.2
6.8

872.9
33.4
196.2
117.0
61.2
127.6
87.7
199.1
32.2

877.7
41.4
195.4
118.7
61.6
129.1
90.9
198.0
32.4

884.9
34.9
198.8
121.3
62.0
132.0
89.9
201.1
33.0

See footnotes at end of table.




67

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

125.5
75.4
44.0
41.4

128.6
75.6
44.8
43.1

128.0
75.5
44.8
43.0

543.0
287.3
140.9
209.7

551.4
291.2
141.0
212.4

553.1
290.8
142.1
212.6

391.8
202.3
83.7
149.5

390.9
196.9
83.6
152.2

400.5
203.5
83.9
156.4

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester

219.0
151.5
3.1
3.0
1.8
6.4
4.3
2.5
16.3
14.2

230.2
155.9
3.2
3.2
2.0
6.6
4.3
2.7
16.7
15.1

229.1
155.9
3.1
3.3
1.9
6.5
4.3
2.8
16.3
14.9

862.7
561.3
15.3
10.2
8.1
33.2
20.6
13.0
57.5
50.0

892.8
565.9
15.8
10.8
8.2
34.6
20.7
13.7
57.8
53.5

906.9
580.4
15.5
10.8
8.1
34.4
20.9
13.7
58.4
55.6

400.2
204.8
12.0
6.6
4.3
20.7
13.4
10.1
38.1
25.1

395.7
206.8
11.5
6.4
4.0
20.1
13.5
9.9
35.5
25.3

407.3
210.1
12.0
6.6
4.0
20.8
14.0
10.3
37.0
25.8

MichiQan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

177.9
4.6
3.3
2.6
102.6
5.9
13.8
4.8
11.8
1.3
6.2

184.4
4.7
3.3
2.7
107.5
5.9
14.1
5.1
12.4
1.3
6.3

184.1
4.7
3.4
2.7
107.3
6.0
14.2
5.1
12.5
1.3
6.3

825.0
33.4
12.2
14.8
464.7
31.6
67.2
23.4
38.0
12.0
34.4

842.6
35.2
12.0
14.8
475.8
31.3
69.0
23.4
39.6
12.2
35.7

848.3
35.4
12.1
15.4
478.8
30.8
70.3
23.6
40.4
12.4
36.0

639.7
53.0
11.5
8.6
247.0
26.3
32.1
18.2
69.0
9.1
22.1

604.8
49.4
11.4
8.5
234.5
25.5
31.9
17.9
62.9
9.1
21.8

641.3
54.3
11.6
8.8
248.4
26.5
32.9
18.7
69.2
9.1
22.0

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

121.0
3.1
94.4
1.5
2.4

124.2
3.3
96.5
1.7
2.4

123.8
3.2
96.4
1.7
2.4

485.6
20.6
330.2
24.0
14.6

506.7
21.7
337.9
25.1
14.9

507.5
21.4
336.1
25.1
15.0

323.1
22.1
177.0
6.1
13.2

308.4
21.1
167.1
6.0
11.9

330.0
22.3
179.1
6.2
13.0

38.7
14.4

39.2
14.4

39.0
14.4

140.9
39.6

143.1
40.7

144.1
41.1

197.9
39.5

199.5
40.1

201.3
40.4

134.3
57.8
73.8
4.8

135.5
58.2
73.3
4.6

134.9
58.0
73.2
4.7

513.2
170.9
287.9
27.7

518.8
173.9
295.0
28.9

521.3
173.8
295.8
29.0

350.4
110.7
142.5
14.0

345.3
110.5
138.6
13.7

354.4
112.8
142.5
14.1

Montana

13.1

12.6

12.4

65.0

66.7

66.3

70.5

69.8

70.9

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

47.5
8.3
28.4

48.1
8.9
28.7

48.2
8.9
28.7

150.2
23.8
80.3

150.1
23.8
82.9

149.1
23.9
82.4

137.8
30.8
45.8

137.9
31.1
45.2

140.4
31.6
46.3

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

23.9
14.5
7.0

25.2
15.5
7.1

25.3
15.7
7.0

224.5
138.1
56.2

239.4
145.9
58.6

239.6
146.4
58.2

66.4
33.9
16.7

67.7
34.3
17.0

68.9
35.2
17.2

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

32.6
4.0
6.7

33.8
4.1
6.8

33.7
4.1
6.8

115.9
17.9
20.5

124.0
18.6
23.1

122.7
18.9
22.3

65.8
6.8
25.5

69.5
7.1
25.0

70.5
7.1
26.1

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton

229.8
7.2
38.2
25.3
13.0
35.6
18.0
77.3
9.6

237.3
7.4
40.2
26.4
13.7
36.5
18.3
79.8
9.6

237.8
7.5
40.4
26.4
13.7
36.4
18.2
79.7
9.6

888.6
70.5
153.9
99.6
42.4
105.9
88.6
249.9
57.5

918.6
77.0
160.1
102.5
44.1
112.0
94.3
258.8
58.1

920.0
75.6
162.0
103.2
44.2
112.7
91.8
261.0
60.1

543.7
23.9
67.8
71.6
40.1
71.5
60.4
133.3
55.0

541.3
24.4
67.2
71.4
41.5
68.5
61.4
131.6
55.4

557.4
24.4
69.8
73.4
41.8
72.9
62.9
135.7
55.6

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

See footnotes at end of table.

68




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

536.8
234.6
41.1
53.9

547.4
240.0
41.4
56.2

548.8
239.6
42.4
56.0

8,165.8
411.6
122.4
445.7
39.6
1,143.2
4,146.0
3,612.5
83.2
103.7
118.8
474.1
98.3
307.3
124.2
416.6

8,236.7
414.5
123.1
450.6
40.9
1,146.4
4,159.1
3,624.7
83.6
105.5
120.6
474.1
98.2
306.8
126.2
417.3

8,305.4
418.6
124.2
453.5
41.6
1,158.6
4,188.5
3,650.9
84.2
106.9
122.5
481.4
99.6
310.3
126.4
419.1

2,915.9
78.5
590.3
469.9
388.8

2,967.4
80.3
603.7
471.4
393.7

2,994.2
80.5
607.3
475.2
397.6

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks

257.9
37.2
72.9
30.7

259.5
37.8
73.5
30.0

261.8
37.7
75.6
31.3

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield

4,658.8
271.0
158.6
688.8
904.5
670.3
434.2
285.8
191.8

4,745.2
275.9
161.6
710.6
918.9
686.7
443.8
294.7
198.3

4,772.2
275.8
162.5
712.4
924.8
695.2
445.5
297.0
198.5

20.7
.6
1.0
.5
1.2
1.0
.4
.2
.7

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

1,111.4
22.1
33.6
402.9
289.4

1,106.8
21.6
33.2
401.5
292.4

1,110.0
21.6
32.7
401.6
291.6

Oregon

1,121.1
107.7
565.6
100.5

1,161.3
108.7
580.6
102.7

5,006.2
274.5
51.4
51.3
112.4
298.7
79.2
182.4
2,182.5
786.8
866.7

5,080.2
278.4
52.8
52.1
114.0
302.8
80.2
186.4
2,180.3
774.4
869.7

New Mexico ..
Albuquerque.
Las Cruces...
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy.
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County

Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham

Toledo
Youngstown-Warren....

Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988P

15.6
.2
.1
.1

15.4
.1
.1
.1

6.3
.4

6.3
.4

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

15.3
.1
.1
.1

32.5
16.0
2.2
2.6

30.7
15.8
2.2
2.6

30.6
15.7
2.2
2.6

6.3
.5

371.5
22.0
5.6
19.7
1.9
65.1
165.6
129.8
3.9
6.9
7.1
21.1
5.5
18.2
4.7
28.4

369.4
21.6
5.7
19.5
1.9
65.0
164.8
129.5
3.8
7.2
7.1
20.8
5.4
18.2
4.3
28.0

.3
.2
.3

.3
.2
.3

.2
.2
.3

356.0
21.8
5.7
19.5
1.8
63.9
159.1
123.0
3.9
6.1
6.4
20.9
5.6
17.6
4.6
28.7

5.0
.1
.4
.3
.4

5.1
.1
.4
.3
.4

5.1
.1
.4
.3
.4

163.0
4.2
35.4
24.9
21.7

170.9
4.3
39.2
25.6
22.5

170.4
4.4
39.0
25.7
22.6

4.3
.2

12.9
1.8
4.0
1.9

12.1
1.8
4.2
1.5

11.7
1.7
4.1
1.5

20.5
.6
1.1
.6
1.0
1.0
.4
.3
.7

20.5
.6
1.1
.6
1.1
1.0
.4
.2
.7

198.6
10.0
7.2
32.7
31.4
29.8
18.1
12.0
8.5

211.6
10.6
8.2
35.1
32.0
32.3
20.0
13.6
9.2

212.1
10.7
8.1
35.5
31.9
32.5
20.0
13.7
9.3

46.2
1.0
.2
11.3
15.3

43.1
.9
.2
10.8
14.9

43.3
.9
.2
10.5
15.0

34.1
.6
1.1
13.0
9.5

32.1
.6
1.1
12.2
9.8

31.5
.6
1.1
12.4
9.3

1,176.3
111.7
585.5
102.7

1.5
.2
.5
.1

1.5
.2
.5
.1

1.5
.2
.5
.1

37.4
3.7
21.1
3.5

41.3
3.7
21.9
3.7

40.8
3.6
21.9
3.7

5,111.9
279.5
52.7
52.5
114.6
303.5
80.0
187.9
2,208.8
783.9
875.3

31.1
.6
()
(2)
.2
.3
3.7
.4
1.1
2
()
5.8

30.1
.6
()
(2)
.2
.3
3.6
.4
1.1
(2)
5.6

30.1
.6
()
(2)
.2
.3
3.6
.4
1.1
(2)
5.5

241.5
14.4
2.9
4.2
3.9
13.0
3.2
10.9
111.2
18.9
44.4

256.6
15.2
2.8
4.7
4.1
13.6
3.3
11.9
116.5
18.0
43.9

256.2
15.3
2.9
4.9
4.0
13.5
3.1
11.9
117.4
18.8
42.9

1

()
.4

0)

.2
1.2
.6

(1)

O
(2)

.8

0)

()
(1)
.2
1.2
.6

0
(12)
()

.7

0)
(12)
()

1

()
(1)

()
(1)

2

.8

(2)

1

()
(1)

.2
1.2
.6

4.3
.2

4.6
.2
1

.4

.4

0

(2)

(2)

2

1

2

See footnotes at end of table.




69

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Oct.
1987

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester

Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City

Tulsa
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland

Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona

Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.

70




Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988p

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988p

40.0
20.2
4.4
1.7

41.6
20.5
4.3
1.8

41.8
20.6
4.3
1.8

29.1
12.5
1.3
1.2

28.7
12.5
1.2
1.3

29.0
12.5
1.2
1.3

130.1
60.4
8.3
10.7

134.8
62.9
9.2
11.3

134.5
62.7
9.1
11.2

1,232.7
49.2
38.0
77.5
8.2
176.3
467.5
383.9
24.3
14.8
29.7
133.5
14.7
52.4
24.6
67.0

1,226.0
47.4
38.2
78.1
9.0
170.1
461.0
377.6
24.1
15.0
30.1
136.8
14.9
52.7
24.8
66.6

1,226.4
47.7
38.0
77.8
8.9
170.3
461.6
378.5
24.0
15.0
30.1
136.9
14.8
52.4
25.0
66.4

409.4
16.7
4.5
22.1
1.4
49.2
241.9
215.7
3.9
6.1
3.3
14.6
4.1
18.1
4.5
21.4

411.1
16.9
4.6
21.8
1.5
49.9
242.2
216.1
3.9
6.1
3.3
14.7
4.1
18.1
4.7
21.3

411.5
17.0
4.6
21.8
1.5
49.9
241.9
215.9
3.9
6.2
3.4
14.8
4.1
18.3
4.7
21.3

1,716.1
88.1
26.8
110.5
10.6
307.8
769.4
642.6
19.1
27.6
24.2
101.2
23.5
71.9
27.5
99.1

1,724.5
89.4
27.4
112.4
10.7
312.6
765.6
639.4
19.9
28.6
24.6
101.1
23.6
73.8
27.7
98.3

1,734.4
91.2
27.5
113.0
10.7
312.9
772.4
645.2
20.0
28.7
25.1
102.0
23.8
73.6
27.4
99.0

866.5
19.4
155.1
152.4
58.1

864.8
19.4
153.7
150.8
58.4

867.5
19.3
154.4
150.9
59.4

144.9
3.8
49.6
27.6
17.0

150.7
3.7
49.6
27.6
16.5

152.7
3.7
49.7
27.9
16.6

656.0
18.7
141.9
105.9
83.4

672.5
19.1
145.9
106.1
83.2

677.8
18.9
147.2
106.5
83.7

16.6
2.0
4.8
1.6

17.0
2.1
5.0
1.8

17.2
2.2
5.0
1.7

16.3
2.7
4.7
1.6

17.2
2.6
5.2
1.6

17.2
2.6
5.2
1.6

68.2
9.8
21.3
8.5

69.1
9.8
21.8
8.5

69.0
9.7
21.9
8.6

1,099.8
66.7
43.7
144.1
202.4
102.9
103.6
61.6
49.8

1,109.4
66.3
43.8
145.4
204.3
104.2
104.0
63.6
51.4

1,109.5
66.3
43.8
144.5
205.2
104.0
103.5
62.9
51.2

210.0
13.1
5.8
36.2
41.5
28.5
15.6
14.1
7.7

212.5
13.1
6.1
37.8
41.4
29.2
15.9
14.1
7.8

212.7
13.1
6.2
38.1
41.6
29.2
15.9
14.1
7.8

1,114.7
66.4
39.9
173.4
217.2
170.9
98.4
70.3
49.0

1,144.0
67.8
40.5
178.3
222.5
176.8
101.6
72.8
51.6

1,148.2
68.1
40.6
180.5
223.7
178.3
102.1
73.3
51.9

154.7
1.7
3.4
47.0
47.0

158.5
1.7
3.6
48.0
48.8

158.8
1.6
3.6
47.9
48.7

62.2
2.2
1.2
19.4
23.3

61.3
2.2
1.2
19.2
24.0

61.2
2.2
1.2
19.4
23.8

268.7
6.3
8.5
100.5
70.6

266.9
6.2
8.7
99.9
69.2

266.5
6.2
8.4
99.3
68.4

210.0
19.7
96.3
16.1

219.4
20.6
99.3
18.1

219.0
20.7
98.6
16.9

59.1
4.2
35.1
2.9

60.2
4.4
35.7
3.1

60.7
4.4
36.0
3.1

282.5
26.9
146.9
22.2

302.7
27.5
153.3
22.7

304.7
28.0
154.0
22.4

1,052.4
77.0
11.4
9.7
34.6
53.0
13.2
59.9
377.8
96.3
124.8

1,056.6
76.6
11.3
9.5
35.1
53.0
13.3
59.2
370.9
94.8
125.0

1,056.0
76.5
11.3
9.4
34.9
53.0
13.2
59.2
371.7
94.5
124.9

249.7
14.2
4.6
5.3
4.0
18.4
5.3
7.2
99.3
45.7
45.7

247.3
13.9
4.6
5.3
3.7
17.9
5.3
7.4
97.7
44.5
43.0

249.3
14.1
4.6
5.3
3.7
18.2
5.3
7.4
97.9
44.5
43.3

1,140.9
60.2
13.0
11.0
24.0
68.0
16.4
43.5
508.7
151.5
216.4

1,149.5
61.0
13.7
11.0
23.9
67.9
16.9
45.7
508.0
153.3
218.6

1,155.7
61.6
13.6
10.9
24.1
68.8
16.8
45.8
520.6
156.2
218.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988^

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988*

27.4
14.9
1.7
2.0

27.7
15.1
1.8
1.9

27.8
15.1
1.8
1.9

122.2
64.1
6.5
14.4

127.2
65.4
6.8
15.1

126.8
65.3
7.1
14.8

139.9
46.3
16.6
21.2

141.3
47.7
15.8
22.1

143.0
47.6
16.6
22.3

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

799.4
22.8
4.0
26.9
1.4
76.2
587.2
553.7
1.9
4.0
4.5
21.9
5.2
19.3
6.8
27.6

800.0
23.4
4.1
27.7
1.4
78.4
577.0
542.1
2.0
4.0
4.9
22.4
5.4
19.5
7.1
28.7

799.5
23.3
4.1
27.9
1.4
78.4
575.7
540.8
2.0
4.1
4.9
22.3
5.4
19.5
7.1
28.7

2,237.0
101.8
22.0
114.7
9.8
289.0
1,262.1
1,116.7
16.8
22.1
25.9
115.2
24.0
76.0
26.9
116.2

2,306.4
105.4
22.6
117.3
10.1
297.0
1,289.6
1,142.6
17.2
22.7
26.7
115.3
24.4
75.4
27.7
117.3

2,321.5
105.2
22.7
117.8
10.3
298.5
1,300.6
1,153.1
17.6
22.6
27.1
117.9
24.7
76.7
27.8
117.6

1,409.0
111.0
21.2
74.2
6.5
180.8
657.4
576.1
13.0
23.0
24.9
66.0
21.2
51.7
29.1
56.4

1,390.7
109.7
20.5
73.2
6.4
173.1
656.8
576.5
12.4
22.0
23.8
61.9
20.2
48.9
29.4
56.5

1,436.3
112.0
21.5
75.3
6.9
183.4
670.2
587.4
12.8
23.0
24.8
66.0
21.3
51.5
29.8
57.8

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point ..
Raleigh-Durham

128.8
2.7
36.5
23.0
23.1

133.6
2.7
36.9
23.7
23.6

133.3
2.7
36.8
23.7
23.6

498.0
17.7
108.8
82.2
96.9

521.0
18.5
113.5
84.6
100.7

526.8
18.7
114.6
85.2
101.3

453.7
11.9
62.7
53.5
88.3

448.8
12.5
64.5
52.7
88.4

460.6
12.7
65.2
55.0
90.0

12.3
1.7
4.5
1.1

12.3
1.6
4.6
1.2

12.3
1.6
4.6
1.2

61.5
10.6
19.2
6.8

64.5
11.1
19.0
6.9

64.4
11.1
20.1
7.0

65.5
8.4
14.4
9.2

63.0
8.6
13.7
8.5

65.7
8.6
14.7
9.7

245.7
10.6
6.5
40.8
55.0
57.9
17.9
11.5
8.2

252.9
10.8
6.4
42.7
57.3
59.9
18.3
11.3
8.4

253.1
10.8
6.4
42.6
57.4
59.7
18.3
11.4
8.3

1,070.4
59.1
35.8
172.2
238.8
158.4
107.0
111
44.4

1,115.2
62.5
36.8
182.8
246.1
166.2
111.2
76.4
46.4

1,112.3
61.4
37.1
180.4
247.2
166.9
111.5
76.8
45.7

698.9
44.5
18.6
88.8
117.0
120.8
73.3
43.3
23.6

679.0
44.1
18.7
87.9
114.2
117.1
72.3
42.6
22.8

703.8
44.6
19.2
90.4
116.7
123.6
73.7
44.5
23.6

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

58.0
1.0
1.5
24.3
17.5

56.7
1.0
1.5
23.8
17.4

56.5
1.0
1.5
23.7
17.3

233.4
5.7
5.9
90.2
70.6

240.9
5.5
5.9
91.5
72.3

239.0
5.6
5.7
90.8
72.5

254.1
3.6
11.8
97.2
35.6

247.3
3.5
11.0
96.1
36.0

253.2
3.5
11.0
97.6
36.6

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

71.9
4.9
47.2
5.5

75.0
4.9
49.2
5.8

74.0
4.8
48.6
5.8

247.1
24.3
138.8
19.7

259.5
25.7
143.7
20.3

260.5
25.8
145.1
20.6

211.6
23.8
79.7
30.5

201.7
21.7
77.0
28.9

215.1
24.2
80.8
30.1

293.0
11.5
1.6
1.8
5.4
17.4
4.7
6.8
163.8
74.1
53.8

298.8
11.8
1.8
1.9
5.4
18.6
4.8
7.2
164.7
72.5
54.1

298.4
11.7
1.8
1.9
5.4
18.7
4.7
7.2
163.7
71.4
53.9

1,300.9
66.7
10.7
11.5
26.5
61.8
19.7
37.7
620.7
257.0
270.5

1,359.0
70.5
11.1
11.9
28.0
65.2
20.2
39.2
624.7
248.7
276.1

1,366.2
69.5
11.2
11.9
27.9
63.7
20.4
39.8
635.4
255.5
278.7

696.7
29.9
7.2
7.8
13.8
66.8
13.0
16.0
299.9
143.3
105.3

682.3
28.8
7.5
7.8
13.6
66.3
12.8
15.4
296.7
142.6
103.4

700.0
30.2
7.3
8.2
14.4
67.3
12.9
16.2
301.0
143.0
107.6

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland

Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.




71

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Constructor

State and area
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988p

(*)

(2)

(2)

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

151.1
294.7
52.1
172.9

155.3
298.2
54.0
177.8

157.8
302.7
54.2
179.1

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

459.7
134.6
323.7

460.6
135.0
325.3

463.3
136.1
327.2

1,416.9
189.1
227.3
311.0

1,452.5
195.4
232.9
319.8

1,458.5
196.5
234.4
321.4

259.3
35.1
65.6

262.2
36.0
67.6

263.3
35.9
67.7

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,056.3
190.3
163.1
255.5
430.7
474.9

2,069.9
193.3
165.0
253.3
434.9
460.9

2,076.5
195.3
165.2
253.5
435.9
460.9

6.6
.8
.3
1.9
.1
.7

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo ...
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison

6,559.6
49.1
78.5
354.1
129.2
57.1
65.7
48.5
124.3
1,339.2
186.7
519.5
70.4
1,395.2
69.8
35.6
64.7
92.2
89.6
43.6
42.9
36.5
504.8
38.0
45.9
61.3
27.3
79.0
50.0

6,620.2
50.2
77.5
350.6
128.8
58.5
67.4
47.6
125.4
1,337.2
191.3
518.6
69.8
1,422.1
71.2
37.5
66.0
93.6
89.6
44.9
43.0
36.4
511.0
37.8
45.2
61.0
27.5
78.7
51.2

6,655.3
50.5
77.4
351.5
129.8
59.0
67.6
50.2
125.7
1,336.9
191.8
518.1
69.3
1,430.2
70.9
37.8
66.1
93.5
93.0
44.8
43.1
36.5
514.2
37.4
45.7
61.6
27.5
79.7
51.3

183.4
2.1
1.3
.8
1.5
1.9
.1
.7
3.9
18.4
.1
3.5
.6
63.1
.1
2.1
3.6
.4
.9
9.8
6.2
.5
2.5
.1
.1
1.8
1.6
.1
1.9

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

647.7
78.1
449.4

670.2
83.1
462.0

669.9
83.5
460.5

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

249.4
34.2
76.1

255.3
35.9
79.0

258.8
36.1
80.4

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

Waco
Wichita Falls

See footnotes at end of table.

72




Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

7.7
14.2
2.1
11.6

7.9
14.4
2.1
11.8

.4

.5

.5

7.3
12.9
2.1
10.4

.2
.1
.1

.2
.1
.1

.2
.1
.1

20.7
5.3
15.4

21.5
5.4
15.8

21.7
5.5
15.9

1.6

87.4
13.6
13.4
21.8

91.4
14.2
14.9
22.2

92.0
14.4
15.0
22.5

2.6
.3

11.6
2.4
3.2

12.0
2.5
3.6

11.7
2.4
3.3

6.5
.8
.3
1.8
.1
.6

6.4
.8
.3
1.8
.1
.6

102.2
8.6
7.3
12.1
20.6
27.6

102.0
9.5
6.7
11.4
20.4
25.6

101.8
9.6
6.7
11.5
20.4
25.6

179.4
2.0
1.2
.7
1.5
1.6
.1
.7
4.2
18.1
.1
3.6
.5
64.6
.1
1.9
3.6
.4
.9
9.6
5.8
.4
2.5
.1
.1
1.8
1.4
.1
1.9

178.6
2.0
1.2
.7
1.5
1.6
.1
.6
4.4
17.8
.1
3.6
.5
64.6
.1
1.9
3.6
.4
.9
9.6
5.7
.4
2.5
.1
.1
1.8
1.3
.1
1.9

343.9
2.1
3.8
16.5
7.4
5.7
2.1
2.1
6.3
60.2
9.5
24.0
3.5
83.8
3.6
1.2
2.9
3.4
3.9
1.2
2.1
1.6
29.6
1.6
2.1
2.2
1.7
3.5
1.7

321.5
2.2
3.8
15.3
8.2
6.9
2.1
2.2
6.1
48.6
9.2
19.3
2.9
86.1
3.6
1.2
3.4
3.6
4.1
1.2
2.0
1.5
25.3
1.8
1.7
2.3
1.7
3.9
2.1

319.2
2.3
3.8
15.3
8.3
6.9
2.0
2.4
6.2
47.9
9.2
19.2
2.9
85.2
3.7
1.2
3.4
3.4
4.1
1.2
2.1
1.5
25.2
1.7
1.8
2.3
1.7
3.9
2.1

8.0

27.2
2.6
19.4

27.5
2.9
18.6

26.9
3.0
18.0

17.7
2.2
4.9

19.4
2.7
5.5

19.7
2.7
5.5

0.7
2

0.6
2

()

1.6

()

1.6
(1)
(1)
(1)

2.5
.3

(1)
(1)
(1)
2.6
.3

1

1

1

()

()

8.3
(1)

0.6
2

()

(1)
(1)
(1)

O

Oct.
1987

()

8.2
(1)

(1)
2.7

2.9

.6
.2

.8
.2

0)

2.7
.7
.2
1

()

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
Dublic utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Oct.
1987
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988p

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

49.1
71.8
16.9
59.4

49.7
71.3
16.6
60.8

50.1
71.8
16.5
61.3

6.8
15.9
1.9
7.7

7.3
16.1
1.9
8.2

7.4
16.3
1.9
8.3

33.3
67.4
11.9
41.5

33.8
67.9
12.7
41.9

34.0
68.5
12.7
42.4

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

117.8
54.4
73.6

116.1
53.4
72.3

117.0
54.0
72.9

15.8
3.5
12.2

15.9
3.5
12.4

15.8
3.5
12.3

105.2
32.6
70.7

106.8
33.4
72.8

106.6
33.3
72.7

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

378.2
19.6
29.0
101.2

378.2
20.7
30.0
101.4

379.0
20.6
30.1
101.4

59.9
9.9
10.3
11.3

61.2
10.4
10.6
11.9

61.7
10.5
10.8
11.9

318.1
47.0
50.0
71.7

334.4
46.4
50.1
74.0

332.8
46.4
50.3
74.5

29.8
3.2
8.7

30.5
3.2
8.9

30.8
3.1
8.7

12.5
1.8
4.6

13.0
1.9
4.7

13.1
1.9
4.8

67.0
9.8
17.4

69.1
10.4
17.9

68.1
10.0
17.9

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

503.6
46.0
53.7
52.0
53.1
89.9

499.8
46.5
55.2
51.8
54.2
87.6

499.6
47.1
55.1
51.2
53.9
87.6

105.5
8.5
6.0
10.3
39.4
24.1

108.1
8.5
6.2
10.2
39.9
24.1

108.5
8.5
6.3
10.2
40.6
24.0

481.7
44.7
36.5
65.4
119.4
115.8

486.1
44.7
36.0
65.1
120.2
109.9

489.1
44.9
35.8
65.9
120.4
110.2

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

942.1
4.5
9.8
39.7
24.8
15.4
9.9
3.1
11.5
221.9
37.5
117.3
8.6
149.0
8.0
1.7
15.7
7.1
12.0
2.9
3.7
5.7
46.6
11.1
7.5
10.9
3.0
15.1
8.2

951.8
4.8
9.5
40.0
25.1
15.6
10.4
3.1
11.2
222.2
38.7
119.1
8.4
152.3
8.3
1.8
15.8
7.6
11.5
2.8
3.7
5.5
47.1
11.1
7.3
10.3
3.0
15.0
8.3

954.4
4.8
9.4
40.2
25.2
15.7
10.4
3.1
11.2
221.8
38.2
119.2
8.5
153.0
8.3,
1.9
15.7
7.6
12.4
2.8
3.7
5.4
46.9
10.9
7.3
10.5
3.0
15.0
8.3

388.7
2.5
5.9
10.8
9.8
2.3
3.1
1.5
7.0
89.8
10.2
29.9
5.1
98.0
2.7
4.5
3.1
4.8
2.8
2.0
2.1
3.0
18.3
2.0
1.8
2.8
1.4
3.3
2.6

393.3
2.4
5.8
10.7
9.7
2.3
3.3
1.6
6.8
93.2
10.8
31.3
4.5
99.6
2.8
5.0
3.1
5.1
2.9
2.2
2.1
3.0
17.9
1.8
1.9
2.7
1.6
3.3
2.6

394.3
2.4
5.8
10.7
9.6
2.2
3.2
1.7
6.8
92.8
10.9
31.3
4.6
99.6
2.8
5.0
3.1
5.1
2.9
2.2
2.2
3.0
18.0
1.9
1.9
2.7
1.6
3.4
2.6

1,650.0
13.5
22.9
79.2
32.1
11.0
17.4
9.9
31.8
347.8
46.5
138.2
14.0
351.4
15.9
10.2
16.6
27.5
26.4
10.3
12.4
9.4
131.7
8.4
10.7
16.5
7.8
19.2
12.2

1,659.9
13.9
23.2
77.4
31.2
10.8
17.9
9.6
32.1
351.5
47.7
134.1
14.7
359.0
16.4
10.7
17.0
27.8
26.4
10.6
12.8
9.5
135.2
8.3
10.8
16.8
7.9
19.1
12.2

1,662.2
14.1
23.1
77.2
31.5
11.0
18.0
9.9
32.3
352.8
47.1
133.9
14.1
359.4
16.3
10.8
17.0
27.7
27.9
10.4
12.9
9.6
134.6
8.2
10.8
16.7
7.8
19.0
12.4

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

94.5
11.5
62.6

99.3
14.0
64.0

98.9
14.4
63.9

38.7
3.0
29.5

40.3
2.9
29.7

40.3
2.7
29.7

152.6
16.4
111.9

158.1
17.1
114.7

156.6
17.2
114.5

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

49.7
4.9
16.7

49.8
4.8
16.9

49.9
4.8
16.8

10.3
.9
3.0

10.7
.9
3.0

10.7
.9
3.0

58.2
7.3
17.4

58.7
7.4
18.0

60.3
7.6
18.6

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Waco
Wichita Falls

'....

See footnotes at end of table.




73

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988^

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

7.5
12.8
2.3
4.9

8.2
12.9
2.4
5.2

8.2
12.9
2.4
5.2

30.1
71.3
9.9
30.3

31.8
75.1
11.1
31.7

32.7
75.8
11.1
31.3

17.0
41.9
7.1
18.3

16.8
40.1
7.2
17.9

17.5
42.4
7.5
18.3

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

25.6
3.6
21.3

26.7
3.8
22.3

26.5
3.7
22.2

115.8
25.0
85.7

116.4
25.4
86.3

117.0
25.8
86.7

58.6
10.1
44.7

57.0
10.0
43.3

58.5
10.2
44.4

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

64.4
8.6
18.3
11.9

67.2
8.8
19.0
12.1

66.7
8.7
18.9
12.1

247.2
40.5
44.4
53.6

261.5
41.7
45.2
56.9

261.4
42.1
45.6
57.0

260.1
49.8
61.5
39.2

257.0
53.1
62.7
41.0

263.3
53.7
63.3
41.7

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

14.3
1.7
6.1

14.7
1.7
6.6

14.6
1.7
6.5

62.1
9.1
18.2

63.4
9.4
18.7

62.8
9.4
19.3

59.4
6.8
7.3

57.0
6.7
7.2

59.6
7.0
7.3

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

103.8
11.9
5.3
9.6
24.7
33.6

103.5
11.8
5.6
9.6
25.1
32.9

103.6
11.9
5.5
9.6
25.1
33.0

418.8
36.4
29.6
53.2
99.9
115.8

427.1
38.0
31.2
52.9
101.9
111.8

428.4
38.2
31.3
53.3
102.0
110.0

334.0
33.5
24.4
51.1
73.5
67.6

336.8
33.5
23.8
50.5
73.1
68.4

339.1
34.3
24.2
50.0
73.4
69.9

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission ..,
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

440.0
2.7
4.3
24.9
5.3
2.0
3.5
1.8
6.9
132.2
9.6
27.8
4.1
98.8
3.0
1.6
2.7
5.4
3.8
2.5
1.7
1.8
39.7
1.7
1.9
3.7
1.5
4.8
2.3

440.3
2.6
4.3
24.6
5.3
1.9
3.5
1.6
7.0
127.7
9.1
26.6
4.1
97.1
3.0
1.6
2.7
5.5
3.7
2.5
1.7
1.8
40.6
1.7
1.9
3.7
1.5
4.7
2.4

439.6
2.6
4.3
24.6
5.2
2.0
3.5
1.6
7.0
126.8
9.1
26.5
4.1
96.9
3.0
1.6
2.7
5.5
3.8
2.5
1.7
1.8
40.8
1.8
1.9
3.7
1.5
4.7
2.3

1,448.5
13.2
16.3
84.6
28.1
7.9
13.8
8.3
28.9
318.0
34.6
112.0
13.8
363.2
15.2
5.9
11.6
21.8
14.4
8.6
7.0
7.8
120.8
8.7
9.4
14.4
5.7
20.4
11.5

1,504.0
13.3
16.6
83.8
27.7
8.2
14.1
8.6
29.5
324.9
36.7
116.9
14.8
374.4
15.8
6.1
12.0
22.6
14.4
8.7
7.3
7.9
126.4
8.7
9.6
14.6
5.8
20.5
11.6

1,510.2
13.2
16.4
83.7
28.0
8.3
14.2
8.9
29.5
326.1
37.3
116.0
14.5
377.2
15.5
6.1
12.0
22.4
14.8
8.7
7.3
7.9
127.1
8.6
9.6
14.7
5.9
21.0
11.6

1,163.0
8.5
14.2
97.6
20.2
10.9
15.9
21.1
28.0
150.9
38.8
66.8
20.7
187.9
21.3
8.4
8.5
21.8
25.4
6.3
7.7
6.7
115.6
4.4
12.4
9.0
4.6
12.6
9.6

1,170.0
9.0
13.1
98.1
20.1
11.2
16.1
20.2
28.5
151.0
39.0
67.7
19.9
189.0
21.2
9.2
8.4
21.0
25.7
7.3
7.6
6.8
116.0
4.3
11.9
8.8
4.6
12.1
10.1

1,196.8
9.1
13.4
99.1
20.5
11.3
16.3
22.0
28.3
150.9
39.9
68.4
20.1
194.3
21.2
9.3
8.6
21.4
26.2
7.4
7.5
6.9
119.1
4.2
12.3
9.2
4.7
12.6
10.1

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

33.9
2.3
28.0

33.3
2.3
28.0

33.0
2.3
27.5

151.1
28.8
102.1

162.2
30.0
111.2

162.4
30.1
110.6

141.5
13.5
93.1

141.3
13.9
92.9

143.8
13.8
93.6

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.0
3.0
3.6

12.5
2.9
3.8

12.5
3.0
3.8

60.2
7.4
18.6

62.8
8.2
20.3

63.3
8.2
20.5

40.7
8.3
11.9

40.6
8.8
11.5

41.7
8.7
12.2

See footnotes at end of table.

74




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988p

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,718.9
31.4
67.4
40.8
72.7
558.9
717.8
442.1
120.8

2,822.9
33.6
68.4
42.1
73.1
575.5
753.1
457.1
119.5

2,841.3
33.9
69.2
42.3
73.5
575.8
759.4
460.6
120.0

15.8
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.5
.2

14.9
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.6
.2

15.0
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.6
.2

186.0
1.0
3.7
1.8
3.6
39.8
53.5
30.3
7.9

203.2
1.0
3.9
2.1
3.6
40.9
59.7
32.0
8.0

202.2
1.0
3.9
2.1
3.5
40.7
59.3
32.1
8.0

Washington
Seattle

1,885.6
951.1

1,962.8
995.3

1,974.0
1,002.6

3.1
.6

3.4
.7

3.5
.7

94.2
49.5

108.8
56.7

108.4
56.3

607.3
106.8
103.3
60.1
58.7

606.9
107.8
104.8
60.2
59.1

610.9
108.3
105.6
60.6
59.4

36.4
2.1
1.3
.6
2.2

34.1
2.0
1.3
.6
2.4

34.1
2.0
1.3
.6
2.4

24.8
4.3
4.4
2.9
2.2

27.1
4.7
4.9
3.1
2.4

27.4
5.0
4.9
3.2
2.4

2,123.2
146.7
55.3
96.6
55.1
43.4
53.0
204.1
709.1
70.4
46.4

2,183.5
153.6
58.6
99.8
57.1
42.6
54.5
206.9
722.4
72.2
48.6

2,188.9
153.8
59.5
101.2
57.6
41.9
54.9
208.5
729.6
72.2
48.7

2.4

73.2
6.6
1.5
3.5
1.4
1.1
1.5
8.1
23.0
2.1
1.5

77.2
6.9
1.6
3.5
1.4
1.0
1.9
7.1
23.0
2.1
1.7

78.0
6.9
1.7
3.8
1.5
.9
1.9
7.1
23.2
2.0
1.6

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

2.3
(1)
()
(1)

Oct.
1988P

2.5

0)

(1)

0)
(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

1

( )

1

( )

(1)

1

( )

1

( )

(1)

(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)

(1)

01
()

Oct.
1987

0)

(1)

(1)

1

( )

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988p

Wyoming

181.3

180.2

179.3

18.4

18.2

18.0

10.3

9.3

9.0

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan

774.0
50.3
55.6
49.8
471.0

796.8
50.3
55.0
51.1
489.1

804.7
50.5
57.0
50.8
494.1

.8

.8

.8

35.2

39.2

3.0
26.2

39.0
(1)
1
()
3.8
28.4

38.8

39.0

39.1

1.9

1.8

Virgin Islands

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
.2
.4

r>

(1)

(1)

(1)

0

.2
.4

0

.2
.4

r>

(1)
(1)

3.6
28.4
1.8

See footnotes at end of table.




75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
[public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

432.3
10.2
8.8
17.1
23.7
68.5
35.5
62.5
19.9

429.2
11.5
8.5
17.7
23.0
69.6
35.0
62.5
19.6

428.9
11.7
8.7
17.7
23.1
69.1
34.7
62.7
19.5

143.8
1.1
2.3
1.0
2.8
26.0
50.2
23.1
8.9

150.0
1.1
2.4
1.0
2.8
26.2
55.6
23.9
8.5

151.0
1.1
2.4
1.0
2.7
26.0
56.1
24.1
8.4

621.4
8.0
13.7
8.6
14.8
138.0
161.3
105.7
32.4

648.0
8.4
14.4
9.4
15.6
140.6
168.0
111.8
32.1

651.3
8.4
14.7
9.5
15.7
140.9
168.7
112.2
32.5

Washington
Seattle

326.5
187.3

340.7
198.3

341.6
199.7

100.4
60.0

106.8
61.2

105.7
61.3

462.7
232.4

485.9
241.9

484.6
241.9

86.7
11.0
19.2
13.9
7.0

87.5
11.0
19.7
14.2
7.0

87.6
11.0
19.7
14.2
7.0

36.6
8.5
7.8
2.1
3.3

37.1
8.5
7.8
2.1
3.3

36.8
8.5
7.7
2.1
3.2

141.9
28.1
26.8
14.6
16.1

144.2
28.5
27.0
14.8
15.9

143.1
28.5
27.3
14.9
16.0

535.6
50.9
10.1
25.2
17.9
15.5
11.0
23.2
171.3
24.4
12.9

558.8
54.0
10.9
26.2
18.2
14.4
11.3
23.9
175.7
25.0
14.0

556.2
53.7
10.9
26.1
18.0
14.1
11.2
24.2
177.7
25.1
13.9

97.0
5.4
3.6
6.5
2.2
1.4
2.6
7.3
35.4
2.4
2.8

99.9
5.6
3.8
6.4
2.2
1.3
2.6
7.5
35.8
2.2
2.9

100.3
5.6
3.9
6.6
2.2
1.3
2.6
7.6
36.3
2.3
3.1

508.3
32.1
16.1
25.5
13.6
9.0
14.4
46.4
163.5
16.9
11.4

524.6
34.1
16.9
26.0
14.0
9.6
14.8
47.5
169.0
17.6
11.8

524.0
34.2
17.1
26.3
13.9
9.3
14.9
48.2
169.2
17.6
11.8

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.

76




8.7

8.5

8.7

12.9

12.8

12.5

40.4

40.3

40.1

154.9
15.8
20.5
9.8
65.9

153.2
15.0
18.6
8.9
66.7

154.4
14.8
20.3
9.2
67.2

16.1
(1)
1
()
(1)
14.4

15.0
(1)
1
()
(1)
12.4

14.7
(1)
12.1

136.2
9.3
7.6
7.6
95.2

139.2
9.9
7.8
8.0
98.5

139.9
9.9
7.7
8.0
98.9

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.6

2.5

2.5

9.0

9.0

9.0

0
(1)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

145.6
1.2
3.6
1.2
3.8
27.0
47.3
36.0
8.2

150.4
1.4
3.7
1.2
4.1
28.3
49.4
37.0
8.5

150.3
1.4
3.7
1.2
4.2
28.1
49.6
37.1
8.4

636.7
4.8
12.0
5.8
14.3
132.3
225.8
93.8
27.9

690.5
5.1
12.0
5.6
14.4
143.0
245.3
98.4
111

690.8
5.1
12.0
5.6
14.5
142.6
245.1
98.5
27.7

537.3
5.0
23.2
5.1
9.6
127.3
143.7
90.2
15.4

536.7
5.0
23.4
5.0
9.5
126.8
139.6
90.9
14.9

551.8
5.1
23.7

Washington
Seattle

107.1
67.8

109.4
69.6

108.9
69.4

430.4
224.3

454.7
237.7

454.6
238.8

361.2
129.2

353.1
129.2

366.7
134.5

24.4
6.0
3.9
2.3
2.7

24.3
5.9
3.9
2.3
2.7

24.4
6.0
3.9
2.3
2.6

127.1
25.8
20.2
13.9
15.8

126.4
25.4
22.0
13.3
15.8

127.4
25.5
21.8
13.3
16.0

129.4
21.0
19.7
9.8
9.4

126.2
21.8
18.2
9.8
9.6

130.1
21.8
19.0
10.0
9.8

112.8
7.1
1.9
3.5
1.6
1.3
1.5
17.9
49.2
2.1
3.4

114.9
7.6
2.0
3.6
1.7
1.4
1.5
18.4
49.7
2.3
3.5

114.8
7.6
2.0
3.6
1.7
1.5
1.5
18.5
49.5
2.3
3.5

462.5
27.8
12.0
21.5
11.6
8.4
14.2
43.4
184.8
14.3
8.1

477.3
28.9
12.5
23.1
12.4
8.5
14.6
45.0
188.6
14.7
8.5

475.6
28.7
12.5
23.4
12.9
8.4
14.8
44.9
189.9
14.4
8.5

331.4
16.5
10.0
10.9
6.7
6.6
7.9
57.7
81.7
8.2
6.2

328.3
16.1
10.9
10.9
7.1
6.4
7.8
57.3
80.3
8.2
6.2

337.6
16.8
11.4
11.3
7.3
6.4
8.0
57.8
83.5
8.4
6.3

7.4

7.2

7.2

31.7

33.5

31.4

51.5

50.4

52.4

35.5
(1)
1
()
(1)
29.0

35.9

36.1
(1)
29.3

112.1
(1)
(1)
9.6
79.4

115.1
(1)
(1)
9.3
82.5

117.3
(1)
(1)
9.3
84.7

283.2
15.6
18.3
16.7
160.9

298.7
15.6
19.2
17.7
171.2

302.3
15.9
19.4
17.3
173.0

1.7

8.9

8.8

8.9

12.6

12.9

12.9

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin islands
Not available.
Combined with construction.
= preliminary.




1.6

0
V)
(1)

29.1
1.7

O
(1)

5.1

9.7
128.3
145.4
93.3
15.3

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State «nd area data have been adjusted to March 1987 benchmarks except
Colorado. Data for Colorado have been adjusted to December 1986 benchmarks.

77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Construction

Mining

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.52

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
530.85

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.69

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
479.68

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1987:
November.
December.
1988:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October" ...
November*5

34.8
34.8

$9.13
9.13

$317.72
317.72

42.6
43.1

$12.54
12.60

$534.20
543.06

37.1
37.6

$12.83
12.81

$475.99
481.66

34.4
34.5
34.4
34.7
34.6
34.9
35.1
35.0
34.8
34.9
34.7

9.18
9.17
9.18
9.23
9.26
9.23
9.25
9.24
9.40
9.45
9.45

315.79
316.37
315.79
320.28
320.40
322.13
324.68
323.40
327.12
329.81
327.92

42.1
41.8
41.9
42.8
42.2
42.5
42.3
42.0
42.2
42.7
42.2

12.77
12.71
12.59
12.60
12.54
12.55
12.66
12.62
12.75
12.73
12.70

537.62
531.28
527.52
539.28
529.19
533.38
535.52
530.04
538.05
543.57
535.94

35.9
36.1
37.4
37.9
38.2
38.7
38.5
38.6
38.4
39.0
37.6

12.99
12.82
12.87
12.88
12.87
12.85
12.91
12.95
13.13
13.14
13.07

466.34
462.80
481.34
488.15
491.63
497.30
497.04
499.87
504.19
512.46
491.43

See footnotes at end of table.




79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964..
1965..
1966..
1967.,
1968.
1969.

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

1970.
1971 ..
1972.
1973.
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.,
1978.
1979.
1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.61
2.73
2.88
3.05
3.23

$102.56
106.49
111.11
116.06
122.31
129.85

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.5
39.4
39.3
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.44
3.65
3.85
4.08
4.39
4.73
5.03
5.39
5.88
6.39

137.26
144.18
151.69
160.34
170.33
183.05
194.66
209.13
228.14
247.93

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58

38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1

6.96
7.56
8.09
8.55
8.89
9.16
9.35
9.59

267.96
291.06
309.85
329.18
342.27
351.74
358.11
365.38

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1987:
November.
December.
1988:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
Octoberp ...
November*3

41.4
41.8

$10.01
10.07

$9.54
9.59

$414.41
420.93

39.3
39.2

$12.21
12.24

$479.85
479.81

38.2
38.2

$9.72
9.73

$371.30
371.69

41.0
40.7
40.9
41.0
40.9
41.2
40.7
40.8
41.3
41.3
41.5

10.07
10.05
10.07
10.12
10.14
10.16
10.16
10.12
10.25
10.24
10.30

9.62
9.63
9.64
9.68
9.70
9.70
9.72
9.66
9.75
9.76
9.81

412.87
409.04
411.86
414.92
414.73
418.59
413.51
412.90
423.33
422.91
427.45

39.0
38.9
38.6
39.2
39.2
39.5
39.8
39.7
39.5
39.7
39.4

12.16
12.23
12.19
12.27
12.28
12.27
12.33
12.35
12.41
12.41
12.47

474.24
475.75
470.53
480.98
481.38
484.67
490.73
490.30
490.20
492.68
491.32

37.9
37.9
37.9
38.2
38.0
38.1
38.3
38.0
38.1
38.2
38.0

9.78
9.78
9.78
9.88
9.87

370.66
370.66
370.66
377.42
375.06
375.29
380.32
375.44
381.38
385.06
380.76

See footnotes at end of table.

80




9.85

9.93
9.88
10.01

10.08
10.02

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.48

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.60

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987

30.2
30.1
29 9
29.8
29.8
29 4
29.2
29.2

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.11

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.41

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

fMonthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1987:
November . .
December
1988:
January
February
March
April
May .
June
July
August
September
October*
November^

29.0
29.3

$6.18
6.19

$179.22
181.37

36.3
36.0

$8.89
8.81

$322.71
317.16

32.5
32.4

$8.71
8.73

$283.08
282.85

28.3
28.5
28.6
28.9
28.9
29.4
30.0
29.8
29.0
29.1
28.8

6.24
6.23
6.24
6.26
6.28
6.26
6.28
6.26
6.37
6.39
6.44

176.59
177.56
178.46
180.91
181.49
184.04
188.40
186.55
184.73
185.95
185.47

36.2
36.4
35.8
36.2
35.8
35.8
36.2
35.7
35.8
36.0
35.6

8.96
9.02
8.97
9.03
9.09
8.98
9.03
9.04
9.14
9.29
9.26

324.35
328.33
321.13
326.89
325.42
321.48
326.89
322.73
327.21
334.44
329.66

32.4
32.6
32.3
32.6
32.4
32.7
33.0
32.8
32.5
32.7
32.4

8.81
8.81
8.80
8.82
8.84
8.78
8.79
8.79
8.98
9.07
9.08

285.44
287.21
284.24
287.53
286.42
287.11
290.07
288.31
291.85
296.59
294.19

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.




p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently
projected from March 1987 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
from April 1987 forward are subject to revision.

81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private
Mining

Average weekly hours
Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Average overtime hours
Nov.
1988P

34.9

34.7

42.2

42.7

42.2

42.2
42.0
43.5

41.5
42.3
43.5

34.9

34.8

34.8

42.9

42.6
42.1
41.6
43.0

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

42.1
41.6
43.0

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

42.8
42.8

42.1
42.1

43.1
43.2

43.1
43.2

Oil and gas extraction
13
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

41.8
40.6
42.5

42.0
40.9
42.7

40.6
41.7
40.0

41.6
41.0
41.8

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

46.9
48.9

45.6
47.1

46.1
47.7

46.4
48.0

38.8

37.1

38.4

39.0

15
152
153
154

38.0
37.1
38.1
39.0

36.8
36.1
37.7
37.5

37.7
36.7
38.5
38.9

38.3
37.3
39.1
39.6

16
161
162

43.5
44.6
42.8

40.3
39.9
40.5

42.6
44.3
41.6

44.1
46.0
42.9

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

37.8
38.4
37.0
39.1
35.8
36.2
35.8

36.3
37.6
35.5
38.3
34.0
35.4
32.6

37.5
38.7
36.8
38.7
35.2
35.0
34.9

38.0
39.1
36.4
38.8
35.9
35.3
35.6

41.3

41.4

41.3

41.3

41.5

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.1

41.8

42.0

42.0

42.0

42.2

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.3

14
142

Nov.
1988P

Crushed and broken stone
37.6

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

40.6
38.4
41.8
42.0
41.2
40.8
40.7
40.5
41.5
41.3
39.0
39.4
39.0
40.8

40.4
40.0
41.3
41.3
41.5
40.6
40.2
40.1
41.6
41.8
38.3
38.4
37.7
40.7

40.2
37.1
41.4
41.7
40.3
40.4
40.3
39.3
40.6
42.8
38.9
40.2
39.8
40.5

40.9
41.8
41.8
42.1
40.7
40.4
40.0
39.2
41.3
42.8
39.3
39.8
39.5
40.5

40.2

3.9
4.2
4.6
4.8
3.6
3.5
2.9
3.3
4.0
4.5
3.1
3.1
2.7
3.6

3.8
4.8
4.4
4.6
4.0
3.3
2.5
3.1
4.0
4.7
2.8
2.5
2.1
3.6

3.8
4.1
4.2
4.4
3.3
3.6
3.1
3.4
3.4
4.8
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.2

3.9
5.6
4.3
4.6
3.4
3.5
2.7
3.0
3.8
5.4
3.5
2.9
2.7
3.4

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

40.8
40.5
41.3
39.5
41.2
38.8
41.5
41.1
41.4
40.4

40.6
40.3
41.0
39.3
41.8
38.2
42.1
40.5
40.5
40.6

40.1
39.5
39.7
38.5
40.5
41.1
40.9
41.4
41.4
40.0

40.1
39.7
39.9
39.1
40.4
39.3
40.7
40.8
41.3
40.0

39.8

3.3
3.1
3.3
2.6
3.4
2.9
3.2
4.3
4.2
3.0

3.1
2.9
3.2
2.5
3.5
2.5
3.0
3.6
3.8
3.0

3.3
2.9
2.9
2.2
3.1
4.6
3.4
4.6
4.5
3.3

3.1
2.8
2.9
2.5
3.0
3.4
3.0
3.7
4.2
2.8

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass

32
321
322

43.0
45.4
41.1

42.4
45.6
41.3

42.8
46.5
41.7

42.9
46.1
41.2

42.7

5.7
6.8
4.8

5.1
7.4
4.7

5.4
8.8
4.6

5.5
8.4
4.4

Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
See footnotes at end of table.

82




4.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private
Mining

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

$9.08

$9.13

$9.40

$9.45

$9.45 $316.89 $317.72 $327.12 $329.81 $327.92

12.42

12.54

12.75

12.73

12.70 532.82

534.20

538.05

543.57

535.94

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

12.90
13.71
11.38

12.84
13.49
11.39

13.24
13.64
11.75

13.30
13.63
11.60

543.09
570.34
489.34

540.56
561.18
489.77

558.73
572.88
511.13

551.95
576.55
504.60

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

15.79
15.84

16.17
16.23

16.03
16.08

15.95
16.00

675.81
677.95

680.76
683.28

690.89
694.66

687.45
691.20

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids
Oil and gas field services

13
131,2
138

11.32
14.00
9.88

11.39
14.07
9.97

11.74
14.49
10.17

11.73
14.59
10.20

473.18
568.40
419.90

478.38
575.46
425.72

476.64
604.23
406.80

487.97
598.19
426.36

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

10.73
10.22

10.73
10.15

11.10
10.51

11.10
10.57

503.24
499.76

489.29
478.07

511.71
501.33

515.04
507.36

12.82

12.83

13.13

13.14

497.42

475.99

504.19

512.46

15
152
153
154

11.89
11.12
10.77
12.79

11.88
11.13
10.69
12.76

12.28
11.65
11.36
13.05

12.34
11.68
11.54
13.13

451.82
412.55
410.34
498.81

437.18
401.79
403.01
478.50

462.96
427.56
437.36
507.65

472.62
435.66
451.21
519.95

16
161
162

12.26
12.22
12.29

12.22
12.14
12.26

12.73
12.86
12.65

12.70
12.80
12.63

533.31
545.01
526.01

492.47
484.39
496.53

542.30
569.70
526.24

560.07
588.80
541.83

17
171
172
173
174
175

13.40
13.63
12.68
14.72
13.51
12.84
11.86

13.44
13.57
12.70
14.80
13.49
12.86
11.90

13.59
13.86
12.82
14.76
13.81
13.05
12.11

13.60
13.94
12.92
14.69
13.76
13.18
12.07

506.52
523.39
469.16
575.55
483.66
464.81
424.59

487.87
510.23
450.85
566.84
458.66
455.24
387.94

509.63
536.38
471.78
571.21
486.11
456.75
422.64

516.80
545.05
470.29
569.97
493.98
465.25
429.69

9.95

10.01

10.25

10.24

10.30

410.94

414.41

423.33

422.91

427.45

10.48

10.54

10.78

10.78

10.84

438.06

442.68

452.76

452.76

457.45

8.42
10.67
8.58
8.93
6.84
8.36
8.69
7.69
6.89
9.78
6.23
8.04
8.10
7.27

8.47
10.90
8.61
8.96
6.91
8.36
8.60
7.74
6.85
9.87
6.20
7.97
8.04
7.29

8.67
10.94
8.80
9.12
7.16
8.69
8.93
8.06
7.00
10.21
6.47
8.19
8.29
7.49

8.76
11.44
8.81
9.14
7.13
8.61
8.74
8.09
7.09
10.19
6.47
8.20
8.31
7.52

8.71

341.85
409.73
358.64
375.06
281.81
341.09
353.68
311.45
285.94
403.91
242.97
316.78
315.90
296.62

342.19
436.00
355.59
370.05
286.77
339.42
345.72
310.37
284.96
412.57
237.46
306.05
303.11
296.70

348.53
405.87
364.32
380.30
288.55
351.08
359.88
316.76
284.20
436.99
251.68
329.24
329.94
303.35

358.28
478.19
368.26
384.79
290.19
347.84
349.60
317.13
292.82
436.13
254.27
326.36
328.25
304.56

350.14

7.71
7.13
6.62
7.82
7.16
7.67
8.72
8.03
9.17
8.09

7.71
7.13
6.64
7.88
6.99
7.64
8.58
7.99
9.27
8.19

8.07
7.43
6.95
8.08
7.48
7.92
9.14
8.47
9.58
8.47

8.04
7.41
6.94
8.07
7.38
7.92
9.15
8.38
9.58
8.33

8.00

314.57
288.77
273.41
308.89
294.99
297.60
361.88
330.03
379.64
326.84

313.03
287.34
272.24
309.68
292.18
291.85
361.22
323.60
375.44
332.51

323.61
293.49
275.92
311.08
302.94
325.51
373.83
350.66
396.61
338.80

322.40
294.18
276.91
315.54
298.15
311.26
372.41
341.90
395.65
333.20

318.40

10.27
14£5
11.34

10.30
14.90
11.36

10.55
15.20
11.66

10.57
15.24
11.73

10.56

441.61
665.11
466.07

436.72
679.44
469.17

451.54
706.80
486.22

453.45
702.56
483.28

450.91

Crushed and broken stone
13.07

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

176

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245

2451
249
25

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown

32
321
322

491.43

See footnotes at end of table.




83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.

1988

Oct.
1988P

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

3221

3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers

34
341

3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335

3351
3353
3357
336
3361

3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
343
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3432
Heating equipment, except electric
3433
Fabricated structural metal products
344
Fabricated structural metal
3441
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3442
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3443
Sheet metal work
3444
Architectural metal work
3446
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
345
Screw machine products
3451
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
3452
Metal forgings and stampings
346
Iron and steel forgings
3462
Automotive stampings
,
3465
Metal stampings, nee
3469
Metal services, nee
347
Plating and polishing
3471
Metal coating and allied services
3479
Ordnance and accessories, nee
348
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
3483
Misc. fabricated metal products
349
Valves and pipe fittings
3494
Misc. fabricated wire products
3496
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
See footnotes at end of table.

84




35
351

3511
3519
352
3523

5.6
3.8
4.1
3.6
4.7
3.6
7.6
8.4
7.0
7.5
5.1
3.9
5.4

5.5
3.9
3.7
3.0
4.3
3.6
6.2
7.3
5.9
5.8
4.9
4.1
5.5

5.1
4.0
4.2
3.8
4.5
3.7
6.9
7.5
6.1
7.0
4.9
4.3
3.6

5.3
3.4
4.2
3.2
4.5
3.7
7.4
7.4
6.5
7.8
4.9
4.5
5.1

43.9
44.3

5.3
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.8
4.0
4.3
4.6
4.8
5.9
6.1
7.9
5.4
4.1
4.5

5.4
5.6
5.7
6.2
5.4
5.8
3.9
4.6
5.1
4.8
5.9
6.2
7.1
5.5
4.1
4.4

5.9
6.3
6.6
4.9
6.0
6.5
4.2
5.8
5.0
4.9
6.6
6.6
8.5
6.0
4.2
4.5

5.8
6.0
6.3
4.7
6.1
6.5
4.3
5.8
4.8
4.6
6.3
6.4
7.7
6.1
4.3
4.4

41.9
44.7
45.0
41.3
41.0
41.1
40.8
40.7
40.7
41.2
41.9
40.1
42.4
40.2
40.7
42.9
41.6
44.6
43.2
43.1
45.2
41.3
41.2
40.9
41.8
41.4
41.0
41.8
41.9
40.9

42.3

4.3
5.9
5.9
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.4
4.0
4.2
3.9
4.3
3.0
4.2
3.7
3.6
5.2
4.3
6.3
4.9
4.5
5.7
4.2
3.9
4.0
3.7
3.3
2.5
4.3
4.7
3.8

4.4
5.9
6.0
4.2
4.3
4.1
4.2
4.0
4.5
3.8
4.0
3.0
4.3
3.7
3.4
5.5
4.6
6.6
5.1
4.9
5.8
4.5
4.1
4.1
4.2
3.1
2.8
4.1
4.5
3.8

4.4
6.5
6.7
3.6
3.2
3.7
3.9
2.6
4.8
4.1
5.2
3.0
4.8
3.3
4.9
5.7
4.9
6.8
5.4
4.9
6.7
4.1
3.8
3.6
4.2
3.6
3.1
4.1
4.3
4.0

4.3
6.3
6.4
3.6
3.0
3.7
3.6
2.8
4.3
4.0
4.8
2.9
4.2
3.5
4.5
5.6
4.6
6.7
5.5
5.1
7.0
4.1
3.8
3.6
4.3
3.1
2.7
4.0
3.7
4.0

42.5
44.2
44.7
44.1
41.3
41.4

42.8

4.3
5.8
5.3
6.0
3.7
4.6

4.6
6.9
6.1
7.1
3.9
4.6

4.6
5.0
6.2
4.6
3.9
4.7

4.4
5.1
8.1
4.2
3.5
4.1

40.9
41.4
42.3
42.4
42.4
40.3
44.9
46.7
44.1
44.5
42.3
42.1
42.5

40.8
41.9
41.8
42.5
42.3
40.5
42.9
44.9
42.6
41.8
43.1
43.9
43.3

41.4
42.1
43.0
42.3
42.0
40.6
43.9
46.4
42.9
43.5
42.6
43.5
42.7

40.8
41.6
42.6
41.6
41.9
40.7
44.6
45.9
43.4
44.7
42.4
43.6
43.0

43.4
43.5
43.6
42.6
43.5
43.4
42.3
43.2
44.0
45.1
43.5
43.7
45.6
42.8
42.3
43.0

43.7
43.8
43.8
43.7
43.6
43.9
42.2
42.4
44.2
44.7
44.1
44.5
45.0
43.7
42.5
43.3

44.0
44.7
45.3
42.4
43.9
44.1
42.1
43.6
43.8
43.8
44.2
44.0
45.8
43.7
42.0
42.3

43.6
43.8
44.3
41.9
43.9
44.1
41.9
43.8
43.1
42.9
43.9
43.3
45.3
43.6
42.0
42.6

42.0
43.9
43.9
41.7
42.1
41.2
42.3
42.2
42.1
41.3
42.3
40.0
42.5
40.6
40.9
43.1
41.9
44.4
42.8
42.4
44.4
41.2
41.4
41.2
41.7
41.3
40.1
42.1
43.1
40.3

42.4
44.1
44.5
42.4
42.6
42.0
42.1
42.4
42.4
41.5
42.0
40.4
42.9
40.6
40.9
43.5
42.4
44.8
43.2
43.3
44.6
41.7
41.9
41.6
42.5
42.9
42.8
42.2
43.1
40.8

42.0
45.1
45.7
41.4
41.1
41.0
41.3
40.8
41.4
41.2
42.2
39.8
43.0
40.1
41.3
43.2
42.0
44.8
43.3
43.1
45.4
41.2
40.9
40.6
41.5
41.9
41.2
41.9
42.4
40.6

42.5
43.7
41.1
44.5
42.0
42.8

43.0
45.2
42.5
46.0
42.6
43.3

42.7
44.2
43.2
44.5
41.3
41.6

Nov.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products ..„
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
*•.

1972
SIC
Code

3221

3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

33
331
3312

3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
343
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
3469
347
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
3471
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment..„

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

$11.73
10.89
8.74
13.40
8.59
8.94
10.12

$11.78
10.91

9.06
9.03

Sept.
1988

$12.10
11.17
8.76
9.19
13.68 13.48
8.6;

8.99
10.08
9.04

Oct.
1988P

10.06

10.32
13.60
14.46

10.01
9.29
10.36

10.10
13.23
13.99
10.07
9.28
10.45

9.34

9.31

8.90
9.28
9.33

8.96
9.21
9.39

10.61
9.36
9.02

10.31
13.47
14.37
10.29
9.34
10.73
9.39
8.97

9.22

9.33

9.66

9.92
7.70
10.36
9.69

9.95

9.67
10.37
8.06

8.73
9.89

9.22
10.63

11.94
12.55
13.96

9.35
8.04
7.98
8.14
11.15
10.83

9.40
10.14

9.70
8.83

9.96
9.25
10.75
12.03
12.75
14.02
9.40
8.01

7.96
8.11

11.05
10.60
9.39

8.52

10.16
8.51

10.79
13.47
13.65
13.42
10.13
10.80

10.83
13.51
13.75
13.45
10.12
10.79

531.92
614.08
653.87
459.22
484.66
510.68
496.93
450.26
577.54
586.44
516.70
479.33
631.94
526.69
405.30
420.89

$538.65
625.96

10.37

422.52
580.36
615.48
417.42
391.11
426.83
395.08
375.58
390.69
385.33
419.62
308.00
440.30
393.41
357.06
426.26
386.32
471.97
511.03
532.12
619.82
385.22
332.86
328.78
339.44
460.50
434.28
395.74
437.03
343.36

428.24
583.44
622.56
426.97
395.33
438.90
391.95
379.90
390.50
389.69
417.90
315.12
444.44
393.82
361.15
433.26
392.20
481.60
519.70
552.08
625.29
391.98
335.62
331.14
344.68
474.05
453.68
396.26
437.90
347.21

433.44
613.36
660.82
422.28
384.29
435.01
386.57
368.02
381.71
397.99
437.19
323.18
443.76
397.79
378.31
435.02
396.06
484.74
529.99
556.42
652.40
391.81
339.06
334.95
346.94
479.76
453.20
401.82
439.69
350.38

431.99
602.11
646.65
424.98
382.94
441.00
383.11
365.08
379.73
398.40
434.50
323.21
438.84
400.79
375.66
433.29
394.78
481.23
529.20
552.54
653.14
391.52
339.90
337.43
344.43
470.30
452.64
400.03
430.31
351.33

438.65

11.14

458.58
588.64
561.02
597.19
425.46
462.24

465.69
610.65
584.38
618.70
431.11
467.21

471.84
605.98
605.66
606.09
424.98
455.10

470.48
608.63
624.01
604.61
424.56
455.81

476.79

10.88
12.20
14.02
14.76
10.96
11.04
11.58
11.86
10.28
13.40
13.67
11.77
11.07
13.95
12.08
9.65
9.88

7.80

539.00
629.38
672.25
459.19
484.22
511.12
493.41
448.64
584.29
600.94
522.89
485.32
648.99
526.59
406.98
419.19

10.74
12.25
14.08
14.84
10.83
11.03
11.59
11.72
10.29
13.34
13.72
11.83
11.03
14.17
12.05
9.69
9.91

10.36

526.15
608.38
639.92
479.83
473.50
498.27
495.43
426.97
579.46
598.09
508.91
471.70
632.70
509.54
405.88
423.91

398.22
487.28

10.17

9.35
11.14
10.60
10.07

12.04
13.89
14.61
10.98
10.86
11.35
11.74
10.07
13.11
13.38
11.54
10.60
14.06
11.66
9.55
9.79

10.20
9.35

10.36
8.12
10.32

9.92
9.16
10.07
9.43
10.82
12.24
12.91
14.37
9.51
8.29
8.25
8.36
11.45
11.00

369.70

454.39
423.10

10.35
9.97
9.23
10.10

9.49
10.79
12.25
12.82
14.45
9.48
8.25
8.25
8.24

11.36
11.04

9.59
10.37

9.57
10.27

8.63

8.59

11.05
13.71
14.02
13.62
10.29
10.94

11.07
13.77
13.96
13.71
10.28
11.01

Nov.
1988P

520.80
603.78
636.56
467.32
470.24
488.68
500.41
434.59
571.56
597.58
498.51
465.41
641.14
493.91
400.58
416.24

568.16
364.22
360.28

12.00
13.88
14.60
10.97
10.81
11.26
11.83
10.06
12.99
13.25
11.46
10.65
14.06
11.54
9.47
9.68

Oct.
1988P

$12.27
14.13

13.38
9.03
9.41
10.35
9.38

10.34
9.37
9.32
11.14
10.63

Sept.
1988

439.92
411.32
442.00

450.85

8.95
9.4

Nov.
1987

$480.62 $500.94 $501.02
457.13 470.26 463.01
366.17 395.17 396.18
581.40 570.20 556.61
364.63 375.90 378.36
364.10 382.45 382.99
432.43 453.93 461.61
405.90 434.77 430.54
385.10 399.83 405.79
455.20 484.59 497.96
450.40 452.84 449.44
433.73 442.40 439.05
452.92 458.60 467.84

11.13
9.30

10.40
9.77
10.40

13.22
14.02

Oct.
1987

$479.76

$12.28

9.04
10.89
10.45
9.88
10.46

10.95

Nov.
1988P

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ...
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ....
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
See footnotes at end of table.

86




1972
SIC
Code

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545

3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592

3599
36
361
3612

3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369

3691
3694

Average weekly hours
Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

43.1
44.1
42.6
43.6
42.3
41.3
42.8
42.0
43.9
43.5
41.9
41.0
42.1
42.1
42.4
39.7
42.4
43.8
43.4
41.7
41.1
42.3
41.5
42.7
42.6
41.9
42.2
42.0
41.9
42.0

44.0
44.6
43.1
45.0
43.3
42.2
43.1
42.4
44.9
43.7
42.6
40.5
42.2
42.5
42.5
40.3
43.4
44.1
44.3
43.7
41.6
42.8
42.3
42.8
42.9
42.7
43.3
42.1
42.5
42.0

43.3
44.6
42.6
41.5
43.4
41.9
43.9
43.5
45.3
44.7
42.0
43.2
42.4
42.5
42.6
39.5
43.2
43.6
44.3
42.8
41.9
43.4
42.2
41.9
41.9
41.8
42.2
42.1
42.2
42.1

42.9
43.8
42.4
42.6
43.0
41.2
43.6
43.3
45.1
44.2
41.8
43.5
42.4
42.5
42.7
39.7
42.9
43.2
44.5
42.0
41.5
43.3
41.3
41.8
41.8
41.7
42.1
42.0
42.8
41.9

41.0
41.5
42.1
41.1
41.7
41.3
41.1
40.1
39.9
40.0
41.8
40.3
40.1
39.8
41.1
39.7
40.9
40.3
41.0
42.2
40.6
40.7
41.1
40.4
41.0
43.0
44.4
43.7

41.4
41.9
42.5
41'.4
42.3
41.9
42.3
40.6
40.4
39.6
43.4
40.7
41.0
40.8
41.8
39.7
41.2
41.1
41.2
42.1
40.9
41.2
42.6
40.8
41.5
42.7
43.2
43.1

41.0
42.4
42.5
42.3
42.1
41.9
41.1
40.5
41.1
40.6
41.6
40.1
40.6
39.3
41.1
39.2
41.9
41.8
40.7
41.4
40.4
40.3
42.1
39.9
40.7
43.0
43.5
43.8

40.9
42.5
42.3
42.6
42.0
41.9
41.0
40.7
40.9
40.2
41.6
39.9
40.3
38.9
40.9
39.3
42.2
41.5
40.2
41.0
39.9
40.2
42.3
39.7
40.6
43.6
44.8
43.6

Average overtime hours
Nov.
1988P

41.4

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

4.3
3.9
4.6
6.1
4.0
3.5
4.9
4.1
6.0
5.7
4.3
2.6
4.4
3.9
3.6
4.9
4.3
4.6
5.1
4.6
3.4
4.6
4.2
3.6
3.5
3.7
4.0
4.3
4.0
4.3

4.7
3.9
4.7
6.7
4.6
4.5
5.2
4.6
6.3
5.8
4.6
2.7
4.6
4.6
4.1
4.6
4.6
4.6
5.6
5.6
2.9
4.5
4.9
3.9
3.8
4.0
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.5

4.2
3.9
4.5
4.2
5.0
3.6
5.6
5.1
7.1
6.3
4.5
4.4
5.3
4.4
4.0
5.5
5.1
4.6
6.3
4.8
4.3
5.8
5.5
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.7
4.7
4.9
4.6

4.0
3.9
4.4
4.1
4.8
3.4
5.5
5.0
6.7
6.2
4.4
4.2
4.8
4.3
4.2
5.1
4.9
4.2
6.6
4.1
3.6
5.2
4.8
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.5
4.8
4.8
4.8

3.2
3.5
3.7
3.4
3.6
3.5
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.2
3.7
3.1
3.6
2.8
2.9
2.4
3.1
2.5
2.8
2.9
2.8
3.3
1.9
3.6
3.5
4.1
5.7
4.2

3.5
3.6
3.8
3.4
4.2
4.2
3.5
3.3
4.5
1.9
4.6
3.5
4.3
3.5
3.6
2.3
3.3
2.9
3.0
3.4
2.9
3.6
2.7
3.8
3.8
4.1
4.4
4.5

3.5
4.0
3.9
4.2
3.9
4.2
2.8
3.6
4.4
2.7
4.2
3.3
2.9
2.8
3.5
2.7
4.2
3.9
2.7
2.8
2.6
3.5
4.5
3.7
3.5
4.6
4.0
5.8

3.4
4.0
3.8
4.1
3.9
4.3
2.6
3.9
5.2
2.0
4.1
3.1
2.6
2.6
3.6
2.6
4.6
3.9
2.4
2.3
2.4
3.2
4.3
3.4
3.3
4.9
5.1
5.6

Nov.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ...
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ....
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1972
SIC
Code

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

$11.05 $11.04 $11.08 $11.07
12.34
12.38
12.21
12.31
11.32
11.44
11.38
11.51
10.56
10.43
10.86
10.71
10.07
10.14
9.74
9.79
9.89
9.96
9.82
9.90
11.52
11.51
11.21
11.16
11.41
11.38
11.13
11.13
11.95
12.05
11.76
11.60
12.36
12.33
11.93
11.93
10.26
10.28
10.12
9.97
9.07
9.07
8.81
8.69
11.25
11.26
10.88
10.80
11.17
11.09
10.99
10.85
9.36
9.30
8.94
8.86
12.29
12.42
11.69
11.60
10.64
10.62
10.47
10.41
11.20
11.20
10.99
11.02
11.07
11.01
11.01
10.91
10.55
10.51
10.55
10.38
9.52
9.21
9.58
9.22
10.68
10.33
10.80
10.29
10.61
10.70
10.64
10.54
10.90
10.39
10.80
10.41
10.85
10.40
10.75
10.39
10.69
10.58
10.64
10.49
10.89
10.82
10.81
10.67
10.71
10.48
10.71
10.42
12.78
12.87
12.91
12.66
10.44
10.15
10.42
10.12
9.92
9.37
9.29
9.45
9.87
9.75
9.76
9.86
11.40
11.66
7.37
9.21
10.56
8.86
9.25
6.71
9.25
9.51
11.83
11.27
12.03
8.93
11.33
10.84
8.07
10.61
11.58
11.06

9.98
9.40
9.21
9.57
9.95
9.85
9.88
9.93
11.70
11.80
7.37
9.27
10.49
8.93
9.38
6.73
9.39
9.71
11.90
11.44
12.06
8.98
11.32
10.92
8.09
10.70
11.49
11.24

10.19
9.53
9.35
9.68
10.09
10.05
10.07
10.04
11.84
11.98
7.39
9.61
10.87
9.43
9.32
7.02
9.73
10.19
12.18
11.76
12.35
9.19
11.39
11.19
8.22
10.89
11.35
11.63

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

$476.26
542.87
490.33
466.96
412.00
405.57
477.65
467.46
509.24
518.96
417.74
356.29
454.68
456.79
375.66
460.52
441.38
482.68
473.49
432.85
378.94
435.27
437.41
444.51
442.61
439.53
450.27
437.64
530.45
425.04

$485.76
544.57
490.48
488.70
423.91
417.78
483.15
471.91
528.02
521.34
431.11
356.81
459.14
467.08
379.95
471.11
454.40
484.66
487.74
461.04
383.14
442.12
452.61
444.69
446.16
451.77
468.51
441.21
546.98
426.30

$479.76
552.15
487.34
432.85
440.08
417.32
505.29
495.03
545.87
551.15
431.76
391.82
477.42
471.33
396.18
490.59
458.78
488.32
487.74
449.83
401.40
468.72
449.01
452.52
450.43
444.75
456.18
450.89
544.80
438.68

$474.90
540.49
479.97
449.86
433.01
407.47
502.27
494.05
538.95
546.31
428.87
394.55
477.00
474.73
399.67
487.91
456.46
483.84
492.62
443.10
395.08
462.44
438.19
455.62
453.53
445.77
458.47
449.82
546.98
437.44

413.17
393.86
391.43
396.20
420.89
412.72
417.92
403.16
472.68
467.28
319.86
377.29
430.09
364.34
392.08
267.18
386.87
399.08
490.28
481.62
493.25
369.98
482.23
445.54
335.74
456.89
496.37
484.44

417.79
404.07
397.38
409.46
424.79
421.10
413.88
406.62
486.62
486.39
307.42
385.36
441.32
370.60
383.05
275.18
407.69
425.94
495.73
486.86
498.94
370.36
479.52
446.48
334.55
468.27
493.73
509.39

415.54
403.33
391.70
412.37
423.78
424.03
405.49
409.44
487.53
478.38
306.59
383.44
436.45
369.16
380.78
269.21
409.34
424.13
486.42
474.37
491.17
368.23
479.26
443.85
333.33
472.62
518.34
497.04

10.16 $10.21 406.72
9.49
388.86
391.11
9.26
388.40
9.68
411.58
10.09
402.68
10.12
401.14
9.89
395.39
10.06
454.86
11.92
466.40
11.90
308.07
7.37
371.16
9.61
423.46
10.83
352.63
9.49
380.18
9.31
266.39
6.85
378.33
9.70
383.25
10.22
485.03
12.10
475.59
11.57
488.42
12.31
363.45
9.16
465.66
11.33
437.94
11.18
330.87
8.21
456.23
10.84
514.15
11.57
483.32
11.40

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

$422.69

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714

3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374

376
3761
379
3792

Average weekly hours

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Average overtime hours
Nov.
1988 P

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

42.2
42.6
42.2
41.5
43.3
40.5
42.4
42.3
42.0
42.7
40.5
40.7
40.3
40.8
42.4
42.5
40.3
39.3

42.5
42.9
42.2
41.4
44.0
40.4
42.9
42.7
42.6
43.5
40.2
40.7
39.4
42.0
42.8
42.7
39.2
37.4

43.0
44.1
44.7
42.5
44.1
40.7
42.5
42.3
42.4
42.8
39.8
40.1
39.5
42.4
43.6
43.6
40.5
38.3

43.1
44.0
44.4
42.4
44.2
40.4
42.6
42.4
42.3
43.3
40.9
41.7
39.6
43.1
43.1
43.1
40.5
38.5

43.3
44.2

4.5
4.7
4.3
3.5
5.3
3.0
5.0
4.5
5.1
5.7
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.6
4.3
4.2
3.7
2.8

4.5
4.5
4.0
3.4
5.4
2.3
5.4
4.9
5.5
5.9
3.1
3.3
2.6
3.2
4.8
4.7
2.6
1.1

5.0
5.6
5.8
4.5
5.8
3.2
4.8
4.7
4.5
5.2
3.3
3.6
2.9
4.4
4.7
4.7
2.9
2.0

5.1
5.7
5.8
4.3
6.1
2.6
5.1
4.8
5.3
5.6
3.0
3.4
2.5
4.7
4.5
4.6
2.7
1.9

41.8
42.5
41.8
40.9
43.5
41.4
42.7
41.5
41.4
41.6
40.0
42.8
40.2

41.6
41.9
41.7
40.1
43.4
41.0
44.2
40.8
40.6
40.8
39.8
43.2
41.6

41.9
41.9
41.5
39.6
43.2
41.2
44.3
40.7
40.1
41.1
39.9
46.3
41.2

42.5

3.3
3.6
2.7
2.9
3.4
2.2
3.5
3.5
3.1
3.8
2.6
4.5
2.8

3.4
3.9
3.0
3.8
3.8
2.6
3.8
3.7
3.4
4.0
2.5
4.1
2.4

3.2
3.1
3.0
2.4
4.0
2.5
3.8
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.1
4.1
3.7

3.3
3.3
3.0
2.2
4.0
2.7
3.7
2.8
2.5
3.1
3.1
5.9
2.7

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38

3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

41.7
41.8
41.1
39.6
42.6
40.6
43.0
41.2
41.1
41.2
40.4
44.9
40.9

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

40.0
40.0
39.6
41.6
39.8
39.8
39.8
40.9
38.1
35.4
40.5
40.3

39.7
39.3
39.2
40.6
40.1
39.4
40.7
41.2
36.7
32.9
40.2
40.0

39.3
38.6
37.3
40.3
39.0
38.9
39.1
39.4
38.3
35.8
40.1
40.2

39.6
39.6
38.7
39.7
39.0
38.8
39.2
39.7
38.6
36.4
40.3
41.1

39.9

3.3
3.8
3.7
3.1
3.1
3.6
2.6
2.4
3.6
3.0
3.5
3.3

3.1
3.5
3.6
2.7
3.0
2.8
3.2
2.9
2.8
1.8
3.1
2.9

2.7
2.5
1.9
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.1
3.2
3.4

3.0
3.7
3.5
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.7
2.8
2.5
3.5
4.0

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

40.5
40.6
40.7
43.2
40.4
39.0
40.7
38.9
41.9
39.6
39.7
38.9
38.6
44.3
48.1
43.7
40.1
38.9
42.7

40.6
40.7
41.1
43.2
41.3
39.2
41.2
39.3
42.6
39.0
39.9
37.9
37.3
44.7
47.8
43.9
40.3
39.1
43.1

40.5
40.9
41.4
43.1
41.8
39.8
41.4
40.1
42.8
39.8
43.4
38.6
39.3
45.7
49.0
43.7
40.6
39.4
43.4

40.3
40.7
41.0
42.7
40.7
39.7
40.7
39.4
42.0
40.2
40.6
39.2
40.2
45.0
47.5
43.6
40.2
39.3
42.6

40.5
41.1

3.9
4.4
4.5
5.9
4.1
3.5
4.1
3.7
4.7
4.0
4.3
4.0
3.9
6.3
8.1
6.1
4.1
4.2
3.8

3.9
4.4
4.7
5.7
4.3
4.0
4.4
3.7
5.1
3.6
6.4
3.2
2.6
6.4
7.6
6.3
4.4
4.3
4.6

4.1
5.0
5.1
6.4
5.4
3.6
4.7
4.3
5.4
5.4
7.7
5.8
5.1
7.6
8.7
6.9
4.6
4.5
4.7

3.9
4.6
4.8
6.2
4.5
3.6
4.0
3.4
4.8
4.8
6.0
5.1
4.9
6.9
8.0
6.9
4.2
4.2
4.3

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
See footnotes at end of table.




381
382
3822

Nov.
1988P

3.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

$13.07 $13.18 $13.49 $13.50 $13.55 $551.55
14.17
13.79
14.23 583.19
14.17
13.69
654.94
16.14
15.66
16.09
15.52
471.03
12.11
11.56
11.82
11.35
558.14
13.34
12.96
13.39
12.89
375.44
9.19
9.19
9.17
9.27
563.92
13.75
13.43
13.78
13.30
(2)
(2)
$567.42
$13.51 $13.71 $13.99 $13.91
12.47
529.05
12.67
12.39
12.63
10.44
10.41
418.37
10.33
10.44
11.70
11.59
471.31
11.58
11.64
8.09
8.50
326.43
8.10
8.56
12.18
12.35
490.01
12.01
12.24
12.95
13.39
543.57
12.82
13.19
(2)
(2)
$419.52
$10.41 $10.40 $10.30 $10.33
337.98
8.73
8.49
8.60
8.67
9.78
10.78
9.59
9.00
9.45
9.82
10.45
8.69
8.82
8.53
7.45
13.41
7.16

9.83
10.74
9.75
9.11
9.54
10.11
10.61
8.69
8.79
8.57
7.47
13.56
7.07

9.97
11.11
9.70
9.14
9.44
9.84
11.04
8.98
9.24
8.68
7.59
13.45
7.34

10.05
11.19
9.67
9.14
9.44
9.73
11.01
9.03
9.37
8.67
7.64
13.76
7.42

7.79
8.47
8.56
7.64
7.14
6.89
7.35
7.67
6.28
5.72
8.57
9.02

7.80
8.47
8.59
7.66
7.12
6.87
7.33
7.78
6.40
5.87
8.57
8.97

7.99
8.55
8.62
8.06
7.16
6.93
7.34
7.95
6.87
6.51
8.77
9.20

8.08
8.79
8.91
7.95
7.19
6.96
7.38
7.99
6.96
6.61
8.86
9.36

9.20
8.88
7.50
8.52
8.85
6.13
9.67
8.97
10.17
8.04
10.02
7.84
7.41
10.80
10.63
8.43
10.04
10.03
10.05

9.26
8.98
7.51
8.47
8.87
6.17
9.77
9.10
10.22
8.25
10.44
8.06
7.58
10.98
10.72
8.63
10.17
10.13
10.25

9.50
9.12
7.67
8.56
9.03
6.38
10.02
9.31
10.48
8.26
10.27
8.29
7.35
11.14
11.01
8.67
10.37
10.28
10.57

9.48
9.04
7.60
8.47
8.93
6.36
9.99
9.20
10.39
8.14
10.21
7.95
7.45
11.13
10.94
8.69
10.25
10.19
10.39

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

$560.15
591.59
660.85
478.58
570.24
371.28
576.15

$580.07
624.90
721.46
514.68
588.29
374.03
584.38

$581.85 $586.72
623.48 628.97
714.40
501.17
591.84
370.47
587.03

$584.05
542.45
419.69
476.19
318.75
511.56
554.26

$593.18
540.56
415.51
466.76
338.12
518.98
575.08

$588.39
548.61
425.77
483.30
336.60
532.29
577.11

$407.68 $417.15 $418.37
317.53 332.06 336.11

10.05 407.83
450.60
394.15
356.40
402.57
398.69
449.35
358.03
362.50
351.44
300.98
602.11
292.84

410.89
456.45
407.55
372.60
414.99
418.55
453.05
360.64
363.91
356.51
298.80
580.37
284.21

414.75
465.51
404.49
366.51
409.70
403.44
487.97
366.38
375.14
354.14
302.08
581.04
305.34

421.10
468.86
401.31
361.94
407.81
400.88
487.74
367.52
375.74
356.34
304.84
637.09
305.70

427.13

311.60
338.80
338.98
317.82
284.17
274.22
292.53
313.70
239.27
202.49
347.09
363.51

309.66
332.87
336.73
311.00
285.51
270.68
298.33
320.54
234.88
193.12
344.51
358.80

314.01
330.03
321.53
324.82
279.24
269.58
286.99
313.23
263.12
233.06
351.68
369.84

319.97
348.08
344.82
315.62
280.41
270.05
289.30
317.20
268.66
240.60
357.06
384.70

322.79

9.54 372.60
9.13 360.53
305.25
368.06
357.54
239.07
393.57
348.93
426.12
318.38
397.79
304.98
286.03
478.44
511.30
368.39
402.60
390.17
429.14

375.96
365.49
308.66
365.90
366.33
241.86
402.52
357.63
435.37
321.75
416.56
305.47
282.73
490.81
512.42
378.86
409.85
396.08
441.78

384.75
373.01
317.54
368.94
377.45
253.92
414.83
373.33
448.54
328.75
445.72
319.99
288.86
509.10
539.49
378.88
421.02
405.03
458.74

382.04
367.93
311.60
361.67
363.45
252.49
406.59
362.48
436.38
327.23
414.53
311.64
299.49
500.85
519.65
378.88
412.05
400.47
442.61

386.37
375.24

8.09

See footnotes at end of table.




89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

4.1
6.4
3.3
5.8
3.5
5.6
2.7
4.2

4.3
7.5
3.2
5.7
3.7
6.4
2.7
3.8

4.4
6.0
3.9
5.8
4.0
5.6
2.8
4.0

4.5
6.8
3.7
5.8
3.2
5.3
2.1
3.6

2082
2086
209

41.0
43.0
39.7
43.6
40.3
43.0
39.0
39.5

41.4
45.3
39.6
44.0
40.6
42.8
39.4
38.6

40.9
40.9
40.3
43.1
40.3
42.6
38.8
37.9

41.3
41.9
40.8
43.7
39.9
42.3
38.1
37.8

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

41.4
40.6

40.9
41.1

41.2
41.3

41.2
40.8

40.3

3.5
3.4

3.7
4.1

2.6
2.7

2.6
2.5

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yam and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

42.0
43.0
42.5
41.9
41.3
40.2
39.0
40.0
39.4
40.0
42.4
42.5
43.4
42.6
44.7
42.3
43.2
37.6
43.1

42.0
43.2
42.7
41.4
40.9
40.1
39.9
40.8
38.4
39.8
42.8
42.7
43.3
43.0
43.4
42.5
43.4
37.9
43.4

41.4
41.4
42.4
42.7
42.5
39.9
38.1
38.8
40.1
39.7
40.8
42.6
43.5
42.9
44.0
40.6
41.1
38.1
42.6

41.2
41.6
42.1
42.7
41.9
39.7
38.5
39.1
39.2
39.5
41.2
42.3
43.6
42.0
43.1
40.3
40.9
37.8
42.4

41.3

4.5
5.7
4.8
1.9
3.7
3.6
2.9
3.1
3.7
2.4
4.9
5.4
5.8
5.2
4.4
5.1
5.5
2.7
4.8

4.6
5.8
4.9
3.1
3.8
3.6
3.7
3.4
3.4
2.3
5.2
5.5
5.7
5.6
4.1
5.0
5.4
2.7
5.2

4.3
4.6
4.7
3.5
4.2
3.6
2.8
2.6
4.4
2.2
4.6
5.1
5.2
5.5
4.9
4.1
4.3
2.9
4.8

4.2
4.4
4.7
3.6
4.2
3.9
3.0
2.8
4.6
2.0
5.1
4.7
5.3
4.4
4.7
4.0
4.3
2.4
4.4

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232

37.4
36.7
37.7
37.7
37.0
37.2
35.5
35.9
35.0
35.1
35.7
38.5
38.7
37.3
37.8
36.9
39.3
39.9
37.2
40.5
42.4

37.0
36.8
36.6
37.2
36.4
34.9
35.5
35.9
35.0
36.1
35.4
37.9
38.5
34.4
37.1
36.9
38.9
39.7
37.5
40.2
42.8

37.1
36.6
36.8
37.3
36.3
35.2
35.5
36.3
34.9
36.1
35.4
38.6
39.2
35.6
36.6
36.2
39.1
39.6
36.3
40.7
42.8

37.2

2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

37.5
36.1
37.8
37.6
37.8
37.6
35.3
35.9
34.8
34.9
35.5
38.9
39.2
37.2
38.1
37.1
39.5
40.4
38.7
41.0
42.2

2.1
1.2
1.9
1.5
1.9
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.5
2.1
2.0
2.6
2.1
2.2
2.7
3.7
2.4
4.4
5.8

2.0
1.5
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.8
1.7
2.6
2.0
1.8
2.9
3.2
1.6
3.7
5.9

1.9
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.1
1.4
1.5
1.2
1.5
2.2
1.5
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.8
1.7
2.6
3.3
1.5
3.6
6.0

1.9
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.6
1.3
1.6
2.1
1.5
2.2
2.2
2.0
1.7
1.3
2.8
3.4
1.7
3.7
6.3

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

43.7
45.9
46.0
44.5
42.2
43.9
41.3
41.6
43.2
42.9
43.9
41.7

43.8
45.7
46.0
44.9
42.5
44.4
41.8
42.3
43.3
43.6
43.7
42.3

43.7
45.8
45.9
44.4
42.1
43.7
41.3
42.3
43.4
42.9
44.2
43.0

43.3
45.1
45.2
44.8
41.7
43.1
40.9
41.9
43.1
42.9
43.9
41.6

43.5

5.5
7.0
7.0
7.5
4.2
4.4
3.3
4.1
5.0
4.7
5.4
4.1

5.4
6.6
6.8
8.1
4.1
4.6
3.2
4.4
5.0
5.2
5.4
4.2

5.6
6.7
6.8
7.4
4.7
4.8
3.8
5.0
5.3
5.1
5.8
4.6

5.3
6.2
6.2
7.6
4.2
4.3
3.5
4.6
5.0
4.9
5.5
3.6

See footnotes at end of table.

90




206
2061-3
2065
207
208

2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337

Nov.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

$368.18
419.68
317.60
402.86
486.82
715.09
370.11
332.20

$375.08
459.34
314.42
406.12
492.48
722.04
371.94
325.40

$387.32
463.40
335.30
403.85
493.68
731.87
377.14
327.84

$382.44
438.27
333.74
400.73
487.18
717.83
369.57
322.43

Nov.
1988P

206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

$8.98
9.76
8.00
9.24
12.08
16.63
9.49
8.41

$9.06
10.14
7.94
9.23
12.13
16.87
9.44
8.43

$9.47
11.33
8.32
9.37
12.25
17.18
9.72
8.65

$9.26
10.46
8.18
9.17
12.21
16.97
9.70
8.53

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

13.18
16.92

13.75
17.03

13.98
17.40

13.98 $14.65 545.65
686.95
17.65

562.38
699.93

575.98
718.62

575.98
720.12

$590.40

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

7.24
7.60
7.79
7.69
6.69
6.62
6.46
6.32
6.64
6.16
7.20
7.58
7.56
7.82
7.52
6.91
6.89
6.96
8.11

7.29
7.71
7.87
7.86
6.74
6.64
6.53
6.35
6.60
6.24
7.26
7.66
7.69
7.87
7.50
6.95
6.94
7.05
8.16

7.43
7.73
8.02
8.03
6.86
6.70
6.64
6.48
6.37
6.51
7.47
7.86
7.85
8.14
7.77
7.14
7.12
7.34
8.44

7.44
7.72
8.02
7.98
6.86
6.71
6.64
6.48
6.33
6.51
7.58
7.88
7.88
8.15
7.87
7.15
7.13
7.31
8.47

7.49 304.08
326.80
331.08
322.21
276.30
266.12
251.94
252.80
261.62
246.40
305.28
322.15
328.10
333.13
336.14
292.29
297.65
261.70
349.54

306.18
333.07
336.05
325.40
275.67
266.26
260.55
259.08
253.44
248.35
310.73
327.08
332.98
338.41
325.50
295.38
301.20
267.20
354.14

307.60
32Q.02
340.05
342.88
291.55
267.33
252.98
251.42
255.44
258.45
304.78
334.84
341.48
349.21
341.88
289.88
292.63
279.65
359.54

306.53
321.15
337.64
340.75
287.43
266.39
255.64
253.37
248.14
257.15
312.30
333.32
343.57
342.30
339.20
288.15
291.62
276.32
359.13

309.34

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

5.97
6.79
5.48
5.28
5.37
5.49
5.76
5.07
6.17
6.61
5.55
5.55
5.38
6.60
5.33
5.20
5.85
7.18
5.87
6.10
11.04

5.98
6.82
5.48
5.31
5.37
5.48
5.75
5.10
6.09
6.54
5.58
5.57
5.38
6.67
5.37
5.27
5.80
7.22
5.79
6.08
11.14

6.19
6.86
5.66
5.54
5.46
5.68
5.98
5.18
6.38
6.65
5.82
5.70
5.58
6.46
5.59
5.57
6.02
7.42
6.04
6.35
11.40

6.20
6.96
5.62
5.54
5.48
5.59
6.02
5.16
6.47
6.63
5.89
5.78
5.65
6.53
5.49
5.53
6.10
7.42
6.10
6.32
11.39

223.88
245.12
207.14
198.53
202.99
206.42
203.33
182.01
214.72
230.69
197.03
215.90
210.90
245.52
203.07
192.92
231.08
290.07
227.17
250.10
465.89

223.65
250.29
206.60
200.19
198.69
203.86
204.13
183.09
213.15
229.55
199.21
214.45
208.21
248.79
202.99
194.46
227.94
288.08
215.39
246.24
472.34

229.03
252.45
207.16
206.09
198.74
198.23
212.29
185.96
223.30
240.07
206.03
216.03
214.83
222.22
207.39
205.53
234.18
294.57
226.50
255.27
487.92

230.02
254.74
206.82
206.64
198.92
196.77
213.71
187.31
225.80
239.34
208.51
223.11
221.48
232.47
200.93
200.19
238.51
293.83
221.43
257.22
487.49

231.01

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

11.46
14.15
14.17
14.43
9.90
11.13
9.37
9.20
9.77
10.10
9.97
9.43

11.49
14.17
14.24
14.59
9.90
11.16
9.37
9.17
9.82
10.21
10.03
9.50

11.70
14.47
14-50
14.53
10.11
11.40
9.66
9.40
10.06
10.42
10.26
9.81

11.65
14.41
14.41
14.62
10.07
11.38
9.60
9.36
10.00
10.42
10.21
9.75

11.69 500.80
649.49
651.82
642.14
417.78
488.61
386.98
382.72
422.06
433.29
437.68
393.23

503.26
647.57
655.04
655.09
420.75
495.50
391.67
387.89
425.21
445.16
438.31
401.85

511.29
662.73
665.55
645.13
425.63
498.18
398.96
397.62
436.60
447.02
453.49
421.83

504.45
649.89
651.33
654.98
419.92
490.48
392.64
392.18
431.00
447.02
448.22
405.60

508.52

6.21

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricuitural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee . 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

38.2
33.8
38.5
38.5
37.5
40.1
36.4
39.9
39.7
39.7
41.7
39.0
38.5

38.3
34.1
38.6
38.6
37.8
39.9
37.5
39.8
39.8
39.6
42.1
39.2
38.3

38.5
33.6
39.3
38.9
37.8
40.7
36.4
40.2
40.0
40.3
40.8
39.8
38.9

38.0
33.5
38.2
38.0
36.9
39.7
36.6
39.6
39.4
39.6
41.2
39.4
38.9

38.1

3.4
1.7
3.7
3.4
2.9
4.3
2.8
4.0
3.3
4.1
4.4
3.4
4.5

3.4
1.8
3.4
3.4
3.0
4.2
3.2
3.9
3.4
3.9
4.5
3.4
4.1

3.6
1.6
4.2
3.8
2.4
5.9
2.6
4.3
3.8
4.5
3.8
4.0
5.1

3.3
1.5
3.3
3.6
2.7
5.0
2.4
3.9
3.3
4.2
3.7
3.8
4.5

42.3
42.4
42.7
42.8
43.2
42.6
41.3
41.0
41.0
43.8
41.4
39.2
41.7
44.8
43.5
45.2
43.0
41.4

42.7
43.1
43.5
43.5
44.3
42.7
41.7
41.5
41.6
44.6
41.6
39.8
41.3
44.6
43.7
44.9
42.8
42.0

42.3
42.8
43.0
43.6
43.9
43.6
40.9
40.5
40.4
44.3
40.6
38.4
41.8
44.5
42.4
45.0
43.2
42.0

42.3
43.1
43.1
43.4
44.0
42.8
40.8
40.5
39.9
43.5
40.9
37.6
41.5
44.4
42.5
44.9
43.9
42.1

42.6

4.1
4.2
4.1
4.3
4.6
3.8
3.2
3.2
3.4
5.5
3.3
2.3
3.6
5.6
6.1
5.5
4.7
3.7

4.1
4.3
4.1
4.5
5.0
3.8
3.3
3.3
3.4
5.6
3.0
2.3
3.2
5.5
6.2
5.3
4.7
3.8

4.3
4.3
4.5
5.1
5.3
5.0
3.1
3.2
3.7
5.6
3.1
3.0
3.9
5.7
5.3
5.8
5.0
4.0

4.2
4.8
4.7
5.0
5.5
4.6
3.1
3.2
2.9
5.3
3.3
1.4
3.5
5.5
5.0
5.6
5.5
3.9

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

44.0
43.4
47.4

44.1
44.2
44.6

44.7
44.6
46.4

44.8
44.9
45.6

44.5

5.4
4.7
9.2

5.2
4.9
7.1

5.8
5.3
8.6

6.1
5.8
8.1

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

41.9
45.6
42.0

42.0
45.8
42.9

41.6
44.7
40.2

41.7
44.9
41.4

42.0

4.4
6.3
2.3

4.4
6.3
3.3

4.4
6.4
2.1

4.3
6.6
2.3

303,4
306
307

45.3
42.2
41.3

44.6
41.8
41.4

43.8
41.5
41.2

43.9
41.5
41.2

5.7
4.0
4.2

5.1
4.0
4.2

4.2
3.8
4.3

4.4
3.6
4.2

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

38.8
41.8
38.4
38.1
39.1
41.0
37.8

38.4
41.2
38.0
37.1
39.2
40.9
37.4

37.5
40.5
37.1
38.0
35.6
38.7
36.8

37.9
40.7
37.5
37.2
37.4
38.9
37.2

37.8

2.5
4.4
2.0
1.7
2.5
4.8
3.4

2.4
4.0
1.9
1.4
2.7
4.8
3.4

2.2
3.5
1.9
1.5
2.2
3.8
2.1

2.0
3.4
1.6
1.1
2.0
3.0
2.8

39.4

39.3

39.5

39.7

39.4

4011

44.5

45.2

45.3

45.1

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411

413

33.7
38.6
40.8

33.2
38.3
40.4

34.2
38.4
40.4

34.5
38.7
39.9

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

38.6
38.4
40.5

38.2
38.1
39.4

38.5
38.5
38.7

38.9
38.7
41.0

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

41.9

41.9

42.8

41.6

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

See footnotes at end of table.

92




Nov.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

Average hourly earnings
Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

$10.41 $10.39 $10.70 $10.69 $10.68 $397.66
10.24
10.57
10.64
10.24
346.11
10.80
10.79
11.25
11.21
415.80
9.87
368.83
9.73
9.51
9.58
9.69
9.44
9.11
9.16
343.50
10.12
10.20
10.11
10.12
409.02
359.27
10.01
10.06
9.87
9.87
10.67
10.69
426.53
10.97
11.00
10.23
10.31
409.31
10.45
10.44
10.79
10.79
11.15
428.36
11.20
10.83
10.79
449.94
10.99
11.02
8.52
8.37
8.29
323.31
8.50
12.64
12.73
490.11
13.10
13.13

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

$397.94
349.18
416.49
367.09
344.36
403.79
370.13
424.67
407.15
427.28
455.94
328.10
484.11

$411.95
357.50
440.55
378.50
356.83
411.88
366.18
442.20
417.60
451.36
449.62
338.30
510.76

$406.22 $406.91
354.10
429.75
375.06
357.56
401.37
366.37
434.41
411.73
441.54
452.79
335.69
509.59

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2861,9
287
289

12.50
13.69
13.74
12.66
13.62
12.15
11.82
11.47
10.87
14.19
9.99
9.23
10.91
15.13
15.07
15.15
12.18
11.44

12.55
13.73
13.77
12.79
13.67
12.35
11.83
11.48
10.98
14.15
10.18
9.35
10.92
15.09
15.07
15.10
12.21
11.53

12.76
14.03
14.10
13.13
14.11
12.45
12.09
11.88
10.98
14.76
10.26
9.13
11.35
15.23
14.80
15.33
12.55
11.58

12.78
13.97
13.96
13.15
14.22
12.34
12.20
11.92
11.03
14.75
10.42
9.10
11.32
15.16
14.63
15.29
12.58
11.60

12.87 528.75
580.46
586.70
541.85
588.38
517.59
488.17
470.27
445.67
621.52
413.59
361.82
454.95
677.82
655.55
684.78
523.74
473.62

535.89
591.76
599.00
556.37
605.58
527.35
493.31
476.42
456.77
631.09
423.49
372.13
451.00
673.01
658.56
677.99
522.59
484.26

539.75
600.48
606.30
572.47
619.43
542.82
494.48
481.14
443.59
653.87
416.56
350.59
474.43
677.74
627.52
689.85
542.16
486.36

540.59
602.11
601.68
570.71
625.68
528.15
497.76
482.76
440.10
641.63
426.18
342.16
469.78
673.10
621.78
686.52
552.26
488.36

548.26

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

14.66
15.85
11.64

14.77
15.90
11.52

15.08
16.27
11.90

15.27
16.49
11.83

15.34 645.04
687.89
551.74

651.36
702.78
513.79

674.08
725.64
552.16

684.10
740.40
539.45

682.63

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

8.93
14.16
6.09

8.98
14.10
6.20

9.18
14.39
6.37

9.20
14.47
6.40

9.26 374.17
645.70
255.78

377.16
645.78
265.98

381.89
643.23
256.07

383.64
649.70
264.96

388.92

303,4
306
307

8.98
8.74
8.31

8.96
8.83
8.36

9.16
8.79
8.61

9.15
8.76
8.60

406.79
368.83
343.20

399.62
369.09
346.10

401.21
364.79
354.73

401.69
363.54
354.32

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

6.12
8.27
5.80
6.18
5.51
6.44
5.86

6.15
8.24
5.85
6.22
5.57
6.58
5.79

6.31
8.45
6.03
6.37
5.77
6.32
5.91

6.34
8.41
6.07
6.39
5.83
6.18
5.91

6.36 237.46
345.69
222.72
235.46
215.44
264.04
221.51

236.16
339.49
222.30
230.76
218.34
269.12
216.55

236.63
342.23
223.71
242.06
205.41
244.58
217.49

240.29
342.29
227.63
237.71
218.04
240.40
219.85

240.41

12.12

12.21

12.41

12.41

12.47 477.53

479.85

490.20

492.68

491.32

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

14.23

14.39

15.03

14.98

633.24

650.43

680.86

675.60

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

8.33
8.97
11.69

8.38
9.02
11.62

8.60
9.06
11.35

8.61
9.09
11.28

280.72
346.24
476.95

278.22
345.47
469.45

294.12
347.90
458.54

297.05
351.78
450.07

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

10.83
11.09
8.03

10.93
11.13
8.58

11.00
11.18
8.79

11.03
11.26
8.52

418.04
425.86
325.22

417.53
424.05
338.05

423.50
430.43
340.17

429.07
435.76
349.32

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

15.48

15.54

15.66

15.86

648.61

651.13

670.25

659.78

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

48
481
483

40.2
41.7
35.7

40.3
41.8
36.1

40.1
41.8
36.0

39.8
41.3
36.0

49

42.1
41.5
42.0
43.4
42.9

42.1
41.8
41.4
43.4
42.5

41.6
41.6
41.4
41.7
42.3

42.0
41.6
42.1
42.7
42.6

38.3

38.2

38.1

38.2

38.7
38.3
37.2
39.5
36.4
40.8
38.2
38.7
39.0
37.7

38.7
38.3
37.3
39.2
36.5
40.8
38.3
38.6
39.0
38.0

38.6
38.0
37.5
39.6
36.3
40.7
38.0
38.8
38.9
38.3

38.6
38.0
37.5
39.9
36.1
40.5
38.1
39.0
38.9
38.3

37.7
37.2
37.6
37.2
37^
39.0
38.8
35.7
37.1

37.5
37.1
37.0
37.5
38.1
38.8
38.7
35.8
36.6

37.4
37.0
37.3
37.0
38.0
40.0
38.3
36.4
36.4

37.6
37.0
37.1
37.2
38.0
40.1
38.7
36.1
36.6

29.1

29.0

29.0

29.1

491

492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
<
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

Average weekly hours

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508

509
51
511
512
513

514
516

517
518

519

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

36.7
38.7
33.0

36.4
38.4
32.8

36.8
38.8
32.8

36.7
38.7
32.8

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

27.7
27.5
28.9
29.7

27.4
27.0
29.3
29.0

27.8
27.5
28.8
29.9

27.6
27.2
28.9
29.5

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

29.9
30.2
27.8

30.0
30.2
27.5

30.2
30.4
29.2

30.0
30.1
29.0

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

36.5
37.2
39.1
34.3

36.5
37.3
39.0
34.1

36.3
37.0
38.7
34.2

36.4
37.1
38.9
34.1

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

26.7
29.3
25.2
27.2
27.3

26.5
28.5
25.0
27.0
27.5

27.0
28.6
25.2
26.9
28.7

27.0
28.7
25.2
27.0
28.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

32.9
33.2
33.8
32.0

33.0
33.2
34.1
32.3

32.9
33.6
33.2
31.7

32.9
33.6
33.7
31.6

Eating and drinking places4

58

25.8

25.6

25.6

25.7

See footnotes at end of table.

94




Average overtime hours
Nov.
1988P

38.0

28.8

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Averagei hourly «sarnings

1972
Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

SIC
Code

48
481
483
49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

$12.52 $12.58 $12.91 $12.90
13.28 13.36 13.67 13.61
10.84 10.93 11.56 11.79

Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

$503.30 $506.97 $517.69 $513.42
553.78 558.45 571.41 562.09
386.99 394.57 416.16 424.44

13.96
13.94
13.20
16.55
10.29

14.07
14.10
13.31
16.60
10.39

14.40
14.50
13.37
17.04
11.11

14.53
14.59
13.65
17.09
11.25

587.72
578.51
554.40
718.27
441.44

592.35
589.38
551.03
720.44
441.58

599.04
603.20
553.52
710.57
469.95

610.26
606.94
574.67
729.74
479.25

9.65

9.72

10.01

10.08 $10.02 369.60

371.30

381.38

385.06 $380.76

Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

9.86
8.89
8.95
9.41
9.74
10.43
10.27
9.26
10.53
7.83

9.92
8.93
8.93
9.43
9.73
10.53
10.38
9.36
10.58
7.89

10.24
9.25
9.46
9.82
9.61
10.60
10.66
9.54
10.96
8.04

10.34
9.30
9.55
9.87
9.60
10.76
10.73
9.66
11.11
8.09

381.58
340.49
332.94
371.70
354.54
425.54
392.31
358.36
410.67
295.19

383.90
342.02'
333.09
369.66
355.15
429.62
397.55
361.30
412.62
299.82

395.26
351.50
354.75
388.87
348.84
431.42
405.08
370.15
426.34
307.93

399.12
353.40
358.13
393.81
346.56
435.78
408.81
376.74
432.18
309.85

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

9.35
10.15
10.75
9.12
9.52
12.08
9.49
11.00
7.68

9.44
10.30
11.01
9.15
9.60
12.23
9.56
11.01
7.69

9.67
10.64
11.10
9.44
9.85
12.21
9.69
11.17
7.96

9.70
10.67
11.23
9.40
9.87
12.30
9.80
11.32
8.01

352.50
377.58
404.20
339.26
360.81
471.12
368.21
392.70
284.93

354.00
382.13
407.37
343.13
365.76
474.52
369.97
394.16
281.45

361.66
393.68
414.03
349.28
374.30
488.40
371.13
406.59
289.74

364.72
394.79
416.63
349.68
375.06
493.23
379.26
408.65
293.17

6.16

6.18

6.37

6.39

6.44 179.26

179.22

184.73

185.95

Retail trade

Nov.
1988P

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

7.14
7.47
6.02

7.18
7.51
6.03

7.50
7.87
6.28

7.49
7.88
6.24

262.04
289.09
198.66

261.35
288.38
197.78

276.00
305.36
205.98

274.88
304.96
204.67

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

6.56
6.88
4.84
5.06

6.50
6.81
4.82
5.04

6.65
6.96
5.03
5.38

6.68
7.00
5.06
5.37

181.71
189.20
139.88
150.28

178.10
183.87
141.23
146.16

184.87
191.40
144.86
160.86

184.37
190.40
146.23
158.42

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

6.92
7.05
5.69

7.04
7.19
5.74

7.04
7.14
6.05

7.04
7.14
6.08

206.91
212.91
158.18

211.20
217.14
157.85

212.61
217.06
176.66

211.20
214.91
176.32

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

7.83
9.47
6.72
5.62

7.82
9.44
6.81
5.60

8.36
10.24
7.15
5.83

8.34
10.15
7.21
5.87

285.80
352.28
262.75
192.77

285.43
352.11
265.59
190.96

303.47
378.88
276.71
199.39

303.58
376.57
280.47
200.17

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

5.63
6.69
5.27
5.49
5.74

5.62
6.64
5.45
5.85

5.83
6.98
5.54
5.67
5.98

5.85
7.01
5.55
5.69
6.04

150.32
196.02
132.80
149.33
156.70

148.93
189.24
131.25
147.15
160.88

157.41
199.63
139.61
152.52
171.63

157.95
201.19
139.86
153.63
170.93

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

7.55
7.66
7.43
7.40

7.59
7.72
7.66
7.35

7.91
8.07
7.87
7.63

7.95
8.12
7.98
7.65

248.40
254.31
251.13
236.80

250.47
256.30
261.21
237.41

260.24
271.15
261.28
241.87

261.56
272.83
268.93
241.74

Eating and drinking places4

58

4.46

4.48

4.62

4.64

115.07

114.69

118.27

119.25

5.2£

185.47

See footnotes at end of table.




95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591
594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average weekly hours
Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

30.2
28.1
28.5
33.3
39.3
32.0

30.0
28.2
27.9
33.5
39.6
31.7

29.9
27.3
28.7
32.6
38.3
31.3

30.0
27.5
28.6
32.6
39.7
31.7

36.2

36.3

35.8

36.0

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

60
602

36.1
36.1

36.3
36.3

35.7
35.7

35.7
35.6

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

36.4
35.7
36.7

36.7
36.1
36.4

36.3
35.7
36.2

36.7
36.0
36.1

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

37.1
36.8
37.9
37.0

37.3
37.0
37.8
37.3

37.1
36.8
38.0
36.8

37.3
37.1
37.6
36.9

32.5

32.5

32.5

32.7

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

701

31.1

31.2

31.2

32.0

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4

721
723

34.5
29.5

34.1
29.5

34.1
30.1

34.5
30.1

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

33.5
36.6
28.7
37.3

33.6
36.8
28.8
37.4

33.5
36.7
29.4
37.7

33.8
37.3
29.8
38.1

Auto repair, services, and garages

75
753

36.7
38.4

36.4
38.0

36.9
38.3

37.0
38.0

76

37.9

37.5

38.0

38.0

78
781

29.8
37.5

29.0
37.1

27.9
35.7

28.1
36.0

79

28.0

28.2

27.9

27.8

80
801
802
805
806

32.3
30.9
28.5
31.4
34.0

32.4
31.0
28.7
31.7
34.1

32.4
31.1
28.4
31.7
34.0

32.4
31.3
28.5
31.7
33.9

81

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.8

89

38.3
39.6
36.8

38.2
39.4
36.5

38.0
39.3
36.4

38.1
39.2
36.6

Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
See footnotes at end of table.

96




891
893

Average overtime hours
Nov.
1988P

35.6

32.4

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591
594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average hourly earnings
Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Average weekly earnings
Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

$192.68
166.63
169.01
238.43
358.81
210.56

$190.80
167.51
164.05
239.53
365.51
207.00

$198.54
172.26
178.80
242.54
349.68
212.84

$199.50
172.98
177.32
242.87
369.61
217.15

$6.38
5.93
5.93
7.16
9.13
6.58

$6.36
5.94
5.88
7.15
9.23
6.53

$6.64
6.31
6.23
7.44
9.13
6.80

$6.65
6.29
6.20
7.45
9.31
6.85

8.76

8.89

9.14

9.29

$9.26 317.11

322.71

327.21

334.44 $329.66

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

60
602

7.56
7.32

7.66
7.41

7.83
7.55

7.94
7.66

272.92
264.25

278.06
268.98

279.53
269.54

283.46
272.70

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

7.98
7.54
7.45

8.08
7.63
7.58

8.37
7.84
7.81

8.51
8.01
7.93

290.47
269.18
273.42

296.54
275.44
275.91

303.83
279.89
282.72

312.32
288.36
286.27

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

9.63
9.01
9.47
10.11

9.74
9.13
9.56
10.21

10.28
9.75
9.92
10.83

10.42
9.84
10.16
10.97

357.27
331.57
358.91
374.07

363.30
337.81
361.37
380.83

381.39
358.80
376.96
398.54

388.67
365.06
382.02
404.79

8.61

8.71

8.98

9.07

9.08 279.83

283.08

291.85

296.59

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

701

6.26

6.35

6.44

6.44

194.69

198.12

200.93

206.08

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4

721
723

6.21
6.38

6.22
6.44

6.34
6.80

6.35
6.76

214.25
188.21

212.10
189.98

216.19
204.68

219.08
203.48

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

8.81
12.09
6.73
12.42

8.93
12.44
6.75
12.53

9.20
12.56
6.86
12.89

9.24
12.51
6.89
12.99

295.14
442.49
193.15
463.27

300.05
457.79
194.40
468.62

308.20
460.95
201.68
485.95

312.31
466.62
205.32
494.92

Auto repair, services, and garages

75
753

7.89
8.52

7.94
8.56

8.30
8.95

8.30
8.96

289.56
327.17

289.02
325.28

306.27
342.79

307.10
340.48

76

9.33

9.36

9.63

9.61

354.54

351.94

365.94

365.18

78
781

12.43
16.74

12.62
16.68

11.80
15.67

12.37
16.36

370.41
627.75

365.98
618.83

329.22
559.42

347.60
588.96

79

7.22

7.42

7.39

7.66

202.16

209.24

206.18

212.95

80
801
802
805
806

8.84
8.50
8.53
6.08
10.04

8.89
8.59
8.57
6.09
10.10

9.37
8.90
8.94
6.45
10.69

9.43
9.00
9.04
6.48
10.74

285.53
262.65
243.11
190.91
341.36

288.04
266.29
245.96
193.05
344.41

303.59
276.79
253.90
204.47
363.46

305.53
281.70
257.64
205.42
364.09

81

12.07

12.38

12.75

13.12

416.42

427.11

439.88

456.58

89
891
893

12.23
13.05
10.49

12.41
13.21
10.70

12.73
13.41
11.09

12.93
13.60
11.31

468.41
516.78
386.03

474.06
520.47
390.55

483.74
527.01
403.68

492.63
533.12
413.95

Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals

Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
4
Money payments only; tips, not included.




Nov.
1988P

294.19

5
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this
division.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.

97

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' average hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft manufacturing (sic 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles manufacturing (sic 3761) have
been used to escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not capture
"lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases"
which were negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry, BLS
has calculated average hourly earnings series for sic 3721 and sic
3761 which include lump-sum payments. These series, beginning
in October 1983, the effective date of the first aerospace bargain-

ing agreement using lump-sum payments, were published in the
June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table C-2a along with the average hourly
earnings series produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
Lump-sum payments are but one of several recent changes in the
way that employees are compensated. The changes are widespread
and they differ by industry. Because of these developments, the
Bureau is conducting a broad-based review of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings and wage programs to determine the
proper treatment of lump-sum payments and other new compensation practices.

C-2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Sept.
1987

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$13.77

$13.81

$14.36

$14.44

$13.15

$13.09

$13.51

$13.77

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

14.43

14.13

14.82

13.46

13.32

13.87

- Data not available.

98




preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Industry

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
"" = preliminary.




Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

$9.48

$9.54

$9.75

$9.76

$9.81

9.99
8.04
7.41
9.63

10.25
8.28
7.75
9.92
11.48
9.80
10.48
9.77
12.75
9.60
7.72

10.26
8.35
7.74
9.93
11.44
9.81
10.52
9.75
12.75
9.67
7.79

10.30

11.30
9.57
10.27
9.55
12.41
9.41
7.48

10.04
8.09
7.43
9.72
11.34
9.60
10.28
9.58
12.51
9.44
7.51

8.78
8.43
12.65
6.87
5.81
10.78
9.96
11.92

8.84
8.52
13.17
6.91
5.83
10.82
9.96
11.97

9.04

9.05
8.55

$9.10

13.81
8.49
5.92

13.94
8.54
5.96

8.59

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

6.03

13.55
7.08
6.04

11.00

10.99

10.22

10.24
12.17

13.56
7.07

12.13
14.16
8.72
6.13

14.30
8.74
6.17

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are
subject to revision.

99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workerson private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars.
Average hourly earnings
Industry

Average weekly earnings

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

$9.08
4.85

$9.13
4.87

$9.40
4.83

$9.45
4.84

$9.45

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.42
6.63

12.54
6.69

12.75
6.55

12.73
6.52

$12.70

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.82
6.84

12.83
6.84

13.13
6.75

13.14
6.73

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.95
5.31

10.01
5.34

10.25
5.27

12.12
6.47

12.21
6.51

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.65
5.15

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Nov.
1988P

$316.89 $317.72 $327.12 $329.81 $327.92
169.19 169.45 168.10 168.96
532.82
284.47

534.20
284.91

538.05
276.49

543.57
278.47

$535.94

$13.07

497.42
265.57

475.99
253.86

504.19
259.09

512.46
262.53

$491.43

10.24
5.25

$10.30

410.94
219.40

414.41
221.02

423.33
217.54

422.91
216.65

$427.45

12.41
6.38

12.41
6.36

$12.47

477.53
254.95

479.85
255.92

490.20
251.90

492.68
252.40

$491.32

9.72
5.18

10.01
5.14

10.08
5.16

$10.02

369.60
197.33

371.30
198.03

381.38
195.98

385.06
197.26

$380.76

6.16
3.29

6.18
3.30

6.37
3.27

6.39
3.27

$6.44

179.26
95.71

179.22
95.58

184.73
94.93

185.95
95.26

$185.47

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

8.76
4.68

8.89
4.74

9.14
4.70

9.29
4.76

$9.26

317.11
169.31

322.71
172.11

327.21
168.14

334.44
171.33

$329.66

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

8.61
4.60

8.71
4.65

8.98
4.61

9.07
4.65

$9.08

279.83
149.40

283.08
150.98

291.85
149.97

296.59
151.94

$294.19

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
" = preliminary.

100




f)

0

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1987

1988

Industry
Nov.
Total private

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.p

Nov.1

34.8

34.6

34.7

34.8

34.6

34.9

34.7

34.7

34.9

34.6

34.7

34.9

34.7

41.2
3.9
41.8
4.0
40.7
40.2
42.4
43.5
43.8
42.1
42.7
41.0
42.3
42.9
41.4
39.2

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
40.4
39.8
42.5
43.4
44.0
41.7
42.6
40.9
41.5
41.4
41.2
39.2

41.1
3.9
41.6
4.0
40.2
39.6
42.0
43.4
44.0
41.8
42.7
41.1
42.0
42.1
41.8
39.1

41.0
3.7
41.5
3.8
40.3
39.5
42.3
43.1
43.8
41.6
42.6
40.9
42.0
42.3
41.3
39.3

40.9
3.7
41.5
3.8
40.1
39.3
42.3
43.3
43.7
41.6
42.5
40.9
42.1
42.3
41.4
39.2

41.2
3.9
42.0
4.2
40.6
39.5
42.5
43.5
43.8
42.0
42.8
41.2
43.0
44.1
41.8
39.4

41.0
3.9
41.8
4.2
40.1
39.5
42.3
43.6
43.9
41.9
42.6
41.0
43.0
44.0
41.4
39.2

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
40.2
39.4
42.4
43.6
44.3
42.0
42.5
41.1
43.0
44.2
41.3
39.3

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.0
40.5
39.7
42.1
43.4
44.0
41.7
43.0
41.0
42.6
42.5
41.8
39.2

41.0
3.9
41.6
4.1
40.0
39.0
42.1
43.5
44.0
41.8
42.4
40.8
42.7
43.6
41.5
39.2

41.2
3.9
41.9
4.0
39.9
39.6
42.3
44.0
44.6
42.0
42.7
41.0
43.3
44.5
41.6
39.2

41.2
4.0
41.9
4.2
40.7
39.4
42.4
43.8
44.2
41.8
42.6
40.9
43.3
44.2
42.1
39.1

41.2
4.0
41.9
4.2
40.5
39.4
42.7
43.7
44.3
42.0
42.5
41.0
43.0
44.2
42.1
39.4

40.3
3.7
40.4
(2)
41.6
37.1
43.5
38.0
42.5

40.3
3.8
40.6
(2)
41.5
36.8
43.4
38.1
42.5

40.3
3.6
40.1
(2)

40.0
3.6
40.1

40.1
3.6
40.3
(2)

40.2
3.7
40.5
(2)
41.1
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.3

40.1
3.6
40.4
(2)

40.2
3.7
40.3
(2)
41.1
37.1
43.3
38.1
42.1
(2)

40.2
3.8
40.5
(2)
41.0

40.2
3.7
40.8
(2)
40.9
36.9
43.2
37.8
42.4

(2)
41.7

40.2
3.6
40.3
(2)
41.6
37.0
43.3
38.1
42.4
(2)
41.6

40.1
3.6

41.8

40.3
3.7
40.5
(2)
41.5
37.1
43.3
38.0
42.5
(2)
41.6

38.3

38.0

38.0

37.8

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

O

40.1

(2)
41.2
37.0
43.2
(2)
41.7

41.6
37.4
43.3
38.2
42.1
(2)
42.0

(2)
40.8
36.8
43.3
37.7
42.0
(2)
41.7

37.9

37.3

37.3

38.1
42.5

Transportation and public utilities
39.2

39.1

39.5

39.1

38.8

39.5

39.4

Wholesale trade
38.2
Retail trade

38.0

38.1

38.2

38.1

38.3

38.0

29.2

28.8

29.0

29.1

29.0

29.2

29.0

32.6

32.5

32.6

32.7

32.4

32.7

32.5

40.7
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.4
(2)
41.6
36.9

(2)
41.6

41.1
36.8
43.2
38.0
42.1
(2)
41.5

37.0

37.6

39.3
39.5

39.3

41.6
37.5

36.9
43.2
37.9
42.5

(2)
41.6

(2)
41.7

37.9

37.7

39.6

39.3

38.1

38.0

29.2

29.0

32.8

32.5

39.4
38.1

37.9
38.2

37.8
28.9

29.1
29.3

29.0

32.7

32.4

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular




32.5

32.6

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are
subject to revision.

101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major Industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
1987

1988

Industry
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.p

Total private

122.8

122.5

123.0

123.9

123.6

125.1

124.4

125.4

126.4

125.5

126.0

127.1

127.0

Goods-producing

101.2

101.3

100.5

101.1

101.6

102.7

102.1

103.2

103.3

102.8

103.1

103.9

104.5

84.1

84.0

81.7

82.5

83.2

85.9

84.4

85.0

85.6

83.5

82.8

83.5

81.3

136.4

137.7

132.1

136.0

139.1

141.1

139.3

144.0

142.4

142.5

143.4

145.2

147.2

95.1

95.0

95.2

95.2

95.2

96.1

95.7

96.1

96.5

96.0

96.3

96.9

97.4

94.3
103.8

94.8

94.2

103.9
115.1
88.0
69.0
55.3
92.7

102.3
112.0
87.5
68.7
54.8

94.6
101.7
114.2
87.5

95.2
104.8
114.5
88.3

69.7
55.0

70.1
55.0

95.7
105.2
114.2
89.3
70.4

92.6
92.6

93.1

93.3

93.2

93.7

94.3

102.8

103.1
100.2

103.1

91.4

91.8
110.1
83.1

103.9
101.0
91.8
110.3
83.8

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

92.9
103.9
114.6
87.3
66.8
54.1
91.2

89.0
101.5
99.1
88.7
104.4

83.6
98.5
100.9
73.8
82.7

92.5

92.7

92.7

92.7

94.0

93.9

103.7
114.0
88.3
66.6

103.0
113.7
86.5

103.1
112.3
87.5

104.7
113.2
88.3
67.6
54.8
91.8

103.2

90.9

103.6
113.2
87.3
66.4
53.9
90.8

90.0

90.2

91.5

91.6

102.2

101.8

97.5
84.7

97.3
85.7

102.8
100.0

102.3
100.2

88.1
68.6
55.4
92.8
91.6
103.0
100.0

89.8

89.9

90.3

106.0
83.4

105.0
84.8

106.5
85.0

106.1
83.9

106.6
84.5

99.1

98.4
100.5
71.0
80.6
84.7
101.5

98.9
101.4

54.1
90.7
89.3
101.8
97.1
84.6
103.9
83.6
98.7
101.3

76.4
82.5

66.5
53.9

99.0
102.2
77.2
82.5
85.1
101.6
134.9

99.0




101.9
96.8
84.8
105.2
84.5

81.7
85.7
101.3
136.0
97.9
83.5
121.8

85.9
101.2

133.4

96.7
85.3

133.7
97.4
86.3

119.6

120.1

120.9

57.5

57.0

57.5

57.2

134.7

134.2

135.5

111.0

111.0

121.3

121.3

101.0
73.8
82.2
86.2
101.4
136.5
97.1

68.1
54.6
92.1

113.4

93.7
103.1
99.7
88.2
108.2
85.1

99.9
90.9
107.7
84.2

71.4
80.2
84.8

99.1
100.6
73.7
81.2
84.7

98.7
100.2
72.0
79.9

101.7

101.9
136.6
98.7
86.6

101.9
137.0

83.9

107.9
84.2

100.6

98.7

99.4

100.1
69.1
80.4
84.5
101.4

102.5

69.6
80.2
84.0

55.6
94.1

99.8
103.7

70.9
80.2
84.3
102.1
136.8

137.5

101.3
137.3

124.8

86.6
124.2

98.4
86.1
123.9

88.3
124.8

99.9
87.6
125.8

84.9

134.9
97.4
85.3

122.9

123.1

136.4
98.8
86.8
123.4

56.9

55.5

55.5

54.9

55.5

56.0

55.8

55.9

55.6

136.4

135.8

137.4

136.8

137.8

139.1

138.1

138.7

139.9

139.4

112.6

111.8

111.2

113.5

113.5

113.8

114.7

114.5

114.6

115.3

115.3

122.2

123.1

123.6

124.8

124.4

124.9

126.3

125.4

126.9

127.3

127.6

125.1

126.2

127.3

126.2

125.7

127.2

126.2

142.1

140.0

140.6

141.3

140.3

161.5

160.7

162.0

163.4

163.0

97.4
86.3

124.0

125.2

124.8

126.0

141.3

139.6

141.3

141.6

139.6

141.1

140.1

140.1

155.3

155.6

156.5

158.0

157.2

159.0

158.3

160.0

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.

102

90.8
90.4

75.8

86.1
101.4

122.2

54.1

98.8
100.9
74.8

101.7
82.7
85.5
101.5
135.5
97.1
84.5
121.0

123.8

66.9

113.7
87.5

Nov.1

98.7

99.8

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-7. The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1987

1988

Industry
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.p

Nov.1

Hourly Earnings lndex2(1977=100)
Total private (in current dollars)

175.7

176.6

176.7

177.0

184.9

(3)
155.4
176.6
178.2
(3)
162.7
(3)
185.2

(3)
157.6
176.8
178.3
(3)
163.4
(3)
186.5

(3)
156.8
177.0
179.1
(3)
163.4
(3)
186.3

(3)
157.5
177.3
179.4
(3)
163.8
(3)
186.9

93.8

93.7

93.8

93.7

93.5

175.6

Mining

Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant dollars)4

156.5
176.4
177.6
(3)
162.4

0

178.0

178.7

178.6

179.3

179.5

180.3

181.5

181.5

()

164.8
(3)
188.3

(3)
157.5
178.4
181.6
(3)
165.4
(3)
189.9

(3)
157.8
178.8
181.0
(3)
165.7
(3)
189.4

(3)
158.8
178.8
181.5
(3)
166.8
(3)
190.8

(3)
158.6
179.3
181.9
(3)
166.7
(3)
190.9

(3)
159.3
180.0
182.0
(3)
167.1
(3)
191.9

(3)
159.2
180.5
182.9
(3)
168.6
(3)
194.1

(3)
160.7
180.8
182.5
(3)
168.2
(3)
193.2

93.6

93.6

93.2

93.2

92.9

93.0

93.1

157.8
177.9
180.6

0

Average hourly earnings
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

$9.14 $9.13
$9.11
$9.16 $9.23
$9.27
$9.27 $9.32 $9.32 $9.37 $9.43 $9.42
$9.10
(3)
(3)
(3)
0
$12.81 $12.74 $12.91 $12.82 $12.90 $12.93 $12.91 $12.93 $13.03 $12.99 $13.04 $13.04 $13.04
10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.05 10.11 10.15 10.18 10.17 10.20 10.26 10.28 10.29
12.19
12.29 12.35 12.33 12.37 12.39 12.37 12.41 12.38
12.16
12.21
12.13
12.14
9.72
9.69
9.88
9.88
9.86
9.97
9.76
9.93 10.01 10.13 10.01
9.71
9.75
6.20
6.34
6.38
6.28
6.29
6.19
6.22
6.25
6.33
6.32
6.17
6.43
6.20
8.91
8.84
9.18
9.08
8.90
9.36
8.99
9.00
9.10
9.09
8.89
9.25
8.92
8.72
8.67
8.99
9.06
8.88
8.75
8.81
8.86
8.92
8.93
8.65
9.02
8.72
Average weekly earnings

Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1977) dollars 4 .

316.68 315.21 317.16 317.72 316.94 322.13 321.67 321.67 325.27 322.47 325.14 329.11 326.87
169.08 168.02 168.43 168.46 167.43 169.36 168.41 167.89 169.06 166.82 167.68 168.86

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Excludes the effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to
underlying wage rate movements: Fluctuations in overtime in manufacturing
and interindustry employment shifts.
3
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
4
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical




Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
5
Not available.
p
== preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to
revision. Beginning in 1989, the Hourly Earnings Index series will no longer
be published in Employment and Earnings. For further information, see
"Employment Cost Index Series to Replace Hourly Earnings Index," Monthly
Labor Review, July 1988, pp. 32-35.

103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Oct.
1987

Sept.

Oct.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

41.8
40.9
41.2

41.6
41.6
40.6

41.6
41.8
40.8

Alaska

39.2

38.3

43.7

Arizona

40.6

41.1

40.7

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

41.3
42.5
40.0
41.6
43.1

41.6
43.1
40.8
41.2
42.7

41.4
42.4
40.8
41.6
43.1

9.99
7.87
7.17
8.59
8.50
10.41

California

40.6

V)

10.77

Colorado
Denver

40.2
40.4

40.0
40.0

40.6
39.7

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

42.1
41.9
41.9
40.2
40.3
42.9

42.0
41.8
42.6
41.6
39.2
44.2

Delaware
Wilmington

40.1
41.3

39.9
41.0

$8.77
9.00

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

$9.09
9.17
10.69

$9.08
9.10
10.49

$366.59
368.10
414.88

$378.14
381.47
434.01

$377.73
380.38
427.99

12.48

12.96

506.46

477.98

566.35

9.96

9.91

405.59

409.36

403.34

8.06
7.18
8.64
8.54
10.54

8.11
7.24
8.71
8.53
10.56

325.03
304.73
343.60
353.60
448.67

335.30
309.46
352.51
351.85
450.06

335.75
306.98
355.37
354.85
455.14

10.07
10.42

10.51
11.20

10.13
10.65

404.81
420.97

420.40
448.00

411.28
422.81

41.8
41.3
42.3
41.8
39.3
43.8

10.58
10.99
10.69
10.14
11.41
9.05

10.73
11.20
11.45
10.30
12.19
10.00

10.78
11.21
11.46
10.35
12.16
10.02

445.42
460.48
447.91
407.63
459.82
388.25

450.66
468.16
487.77
428.48
477.85
442.00

450.60
462.97
484.76
432.63
477.89
438.88

39.6
40.6

11.35
12.97

10.32
13.20

10.84
13.54

455.14
535.66

411.77
541.20

429.26
549.72

10.07
12.92

437.26

District of Columbia:
Washington MSA

39.1

39.9

39.9

10.88

11.42

11.40

425.41

455.66

454.86

Florida
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Jacksonville
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

40.4
41.3
41.4
38.2
39.7
41.5
39.9
40.4

40.6
41.5
41.3
39.3
39.9
42.2
40.1
40.4

40.9
40.3
40.8
39.3
40.1
42.1
41.4
40.2

8.17
8.09
8.76
7.08
8.75
10.41
7.64
9.08

8.54
8.51
9.14
7.38
9.01
10.86
8.34
9.14

8.58
8.51
9.14
7.40
8.99
10.73
8.41
9.45

330.07
334.12
362.66
270.46
347.38
432.02
304.84
366.83

346.72
353.17
377.48
290.03
359.50
458.29
334.43
369.26

350.92
342.95
372.91
290.82
360.50
451.73
348.17
379.89

Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

42.5
42.2
45.9

41.3
41.4
47.3

41.4
41.0
48.5

8.57
10.13
10.98

8.66
10.13
11.32

8.67
10.14
11.45

364.23
427.49
503.98

357.66
419.38
535.44

358.94
415.74
555.33

Hawaii

40.2
39.4

39.8
39.5

40.3
39.9

9.47
9.68

9.80
9.96

9.91
10.15

380.69
381.39

390.04
393.42

399.37
404.99

38.1

36.1

37.7

9.68

10.07

9.97

368.81

363.53

375.87

41.7
42.9
41.6
40.0
42.4
40.4
41.9
41.4
40.7
46.0
41.5
43.1

41.6
42.8
38.7
40.4
42.4
39.4
42.7
40.9
41.0
46.6
43.0
43.5

41.2
42.9
39.0
39.3
42.0
38.8
42.6
41.7
41.0
47.5
42.3
43.5

10.84
10.76
10.98
9.11
10.63
12.68
14.13
11.79
11.16
13.27
11.32
12.06

11.10
10.78
11.28
9.33
10.82
12.80
14.30
11.96
11.65
13.43
11.39
12.14

11.08
10.79
11.46
9.23
10.79
12.91
14.46
12.02
11.67
13.55
11.36
12.14

452.03
461.60
456.77
364.40
450.71
512.27
592.05
488.11
454.21
610.42
469.78
519.79

461.76
461.38
436.54
376.93
458.77
504.32
610.61
489.16
477.65
625.84
489.77
528.09

456.50
462.89
446.94
362.74
453.18
500.91
616.00
501.23
478.47
643.63
480.53
528.09

42.3

42.3

42.1

11.10

11.48

11.47

469.53

485.60

482.89

Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
Indiana
See footnotes at end of table.

104




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988*

41.3
40.3
40.9
40.6
43.4
40.0
39.3
41.0
40.7
42.7
41.0
39.4
41.0
42.5

$10.06
10.51
8.51
11.18
10.31

$10.38
10.41
8.79
10.85
10.64
9.76
8.36
10.28

9.47

$10.38
10.45
8.94
10.91
10.54
9.79
8.45
10.21
11.41
11.42
10.92
9.06
9.11
9.96

39.7
39.7
39.6

39.6
39.3
39.6

8.31
7.82
8.30

41.8
41.7
40.9
41.5

41.7
41.4
41.5
41.8

41.4
41.3
41.3
41.3

South Dakota
Sioux Falls

41.4
44.2

42.9
44.4

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

41.9
43.1
42.9
40.5
42.2
42.5

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

9.11
9.84

$412.46
421.45
331.04
463.97
434.05
370.14
331.85
394.47
444.00
477.14
435.12
342.32
357.01
402.48

$429.73
422.18
362.96
461.49
457.44
394.54
332.93
421.67
463.25
489.92
453.18
359.68
377.15
426.29

$428.69
419.52
359.51
440.51
461.78
390.40
328.55
421.48
463.98
484.65
447.31
356.18
373.51
418.20

8.55
8.16
8.47

8.59
8.16
8.52

332.40
315.15
332.00

339.44
323.95
335.41

340.16
320.69
337.39

8.13
9.05
7.97
8.04

8.38
9.23
8.49
8.29

8.36
9.20
8.48
8.28

339.83
377.38
325.97
333.66

349.45
382.12
352.34
346.52

346.10
379.96
350.22
341.96

41.2
43.7

7.87
7.80

8.08
8.16

8.09
8.22

325.82
344.76

346.63
362.30

333.31
359.21

41.5
42.4
43.5
40.3
43.1
41.4

41.3
42.4
43.6
40.4
42.3
41.9

8.84
7.88
9.21
9.25
8.78
10.45

8.95
8.32
9.48
8.88
8.94
10.35

9.00
8.19
9.35
8.86
9.01
10.31

370.40
339.63
395.11
374.63
370.52
444.13

371.43
352.77
412.38
357.86
385.31
428.49

371.70
347.26
407.66
357.94
381.12
431.99

42.0
41.6
41.0
43.9
39.1

41.7
41.9
42.1
42.6
39.1

41.9
41.6
42.3
43.6
40.1

9.85
9.77
10.08
11.17
7.53

10.00
9.95
10.78
11.38
7.57

9.99
9.96
10.92
11.33
7.57

413.70
406.43
413.28
490.36
294.42

417.00
416.91
453.84
484.79
295.99

418.58
414.34
461.92
493.99
303.56

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

39.7
40.0

41.0
41.1

40.8
40.5

10.00
9.99

10.07
9.93

10.21
9.99

397.00
399.60

412.87
408.12

416.57
404.60

Vermont
Burlington

40.6
40.2

42.2
41.3

42.3
42.2

9.26
10.25

9.70
10.40

9.75
10.47

375.96
412.05

409.34
429.52

412.43
441.83

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

41.5
41.7
42.8
42.1
41.7
40.1
41.6
41.9

41.5
43.2
41.2
41.6
41.9
40.0
43.1
42.6

41.4
44.4
42.2
41.0
41.8
40.0
43.0
41.5

9.22
7.83
7.51
8.37
8.77
10.20
11.84
8.86

9.40
7.69
7.83
8.51
8.82
10.76
12.01
9.44

9.39
7.57
7.75
8.47
8.83
10.82
11.74
9.32

382.63
326.51
321.43
352.38
365.71
409.02
492.54
371.23

390.10
332.21
322.60
354.02
369.56
430.40
517.63
402.14

388.75
336.11
327.05
347.27
369.09
432.80
504.82
386.78

Washington

39.9

39.8

40.2

11.59

11.78

11.77

462.44

468.84

473.15

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

41.0
40.1
38.9
41.5
42.1
39.8
39.6
40.5
40.4
42.3
42.0
38.9
42.2
42.5

41.4
40.4
40.6
42.3
43.4
40.3
39.4
41.3
40.6
42.9
41.5
39.7
41.4
42.8

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

40.0
40.3
40.0

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

9.30
8.38

9.74
10.99
11.28
10.36
8.80
8.46

11.40
11.35
10.91

9.04

See footnotes at end of table.




107

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland..
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

41.1
43.7
40.4
42.1
43.1

41.2
44.1
40.4
41.6
40.5

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh....
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

42.0
42.8
41.0
42.2
40.3
41.6
40.6
41.2
42.1
41.1
43.3

Wyoming

39.8

Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
1

39.1
41.3

Not available.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

p

108




Average hourly earnings
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

41.3
44.4
40.4
40.4
39.0

$10.57
13.45
12.14
11.81
12.75

$10.98
13.67
12.22
12.74
12.09

41.9
43.3
41.3
42.8
40.1
40.0
40.8
44.3
42.2
39.8
43.0

42.0
42.7
39.8
42.0
43.4
40.8
39.6
42.0
41.9
40.2
42.9

10.60
10.92
10.84
11.20
11.96
12.73
9.09
9.77
11.73
11.16
10.10

10.60
11.27
10.61
11.53
12.34
12.60
8.90
9.86
11.58
10.85
10.04

38.3

43.1

9.80

10.06

39.1
41.2

39.2
40.9

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

$11.05
13.96
12.37
12.76
12.20

$434.43
587.77
490.46
497.20
549.53

$452.38
602.85
493.69
529.98
489.65

$456.37
619.82
499.75
515.50
475.80

10.66

445.20
467.38
444.44
472.64
481.99
529.57
369.05
402.52
493.83
458.68
437.33

444.14
487.99
438.19
493.48
494.83
504.00
363.12
436.80
488.68
431.83
431.72

447.72
479.09
417.50
482.16
572.88
521.42
354.42
409.92
483.53
438.98
428.14

390.04

385.30

437.90

212.31

218.57

219.52

386.15

397.58

404.09

11.22

10.49
11.48
13.20
12.78
8.95

9.76
11.54
10.92

9.98
5.43
9.35

5.59
9.65

10.16
5.60
9.88

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1987
benchmarks.except Colorado. Data for Colorado have been adjusted to December
1986 benchmarks.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

New Jersey

41.4

41.0

New Mexico
Albuquerque

40.1
41.1

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
'.
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

Average hourly earnings
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

41.1

$10.52

$10.89

39.8
39.0

39.9
39.8

8.85
9.09

39.9
40.3
40.6
42.0
40.9
39.6
37.2
36.8
40.7
38.1
40.2
42.5
38.2
42.2
41.9
40.2

40.0
40.8
40.5
43.6
41.8
39.9
36.7
36.5
42.2
38.6
41.6
43.9
34.9
42.1
42.2
39.5

40.0
41.6
40.9
43.7
41.2
40.0
37.3
37.0
42.2
37.7
41.1
43.8
35.2
41.7
41.5
40.2

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

41.6
42.5
42.4
41.1
42.1

40.8
41.3
40.8
40.1
42.1

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

38.8
39.3

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati ..,
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

$10.90

$435.53

$446.49

$447.99

8.74
9.62

8.65
9.54

354.89
373.60

347.85
375.18

345.14
379.69

10.15
10.60
9.27
11.93
9.60
10.84
9.70
9.52
13.32
8.08
9.71
12.00
10.31
11.33
9.37
10.90

10.52
11.11
9.90
12.29
9.59
11.29
9.91
9.68
13.54
8.35
10.06
12.42
10.93
12.16
9.76
11.37

10.52
11.20
9.76
12.25
9.68
11.37
9.92
9.70
13.77
8.49
10.12
12.26
10.87
12.14
9.67
11.34

404.99
427.18
376.36
501.06
392.64
429.26
360.84
350.34
542.12
307.85
390.34
510.00
393.84
478.13
392.60
438.18

420.80
453.29
400.95
535.84
400.86
450.47
363.70
353.32
571.39
322.31
418.50
545.24
381.46
511.94
411.87
449.12

420.80
465.92
399.18
535.33
398.82
454.80
370.02
358.90
581.09
320.07
415.93
536.99
382.62
506.24
401.31
455.87

40.8
41.8
40.8
40.2
41.3

7.86
7.96
8.17
8.62

8.18
8.28
8.58
8.91
9.29

8.20
8.32
8.54
8.97
9.14

326.98
338.30
346.41
354.28
378.06

333.74
341.96
350.06
357.29
391.11

334.56
347.78
348.43
360.59
377.48

38.7
41.1

39.6
40.5

8.44
8.66

8.40
8.50

8.37
8.60

327.47
340.34

325.08
349.35

331.45
348.30

42.9
43.2
41.8
43.0
43.3
42.3
42.6
42.1
42.8

43.3
43.2
42.6
43.0
43.2
41.4
43.6
44.6
43.4

43.3
42.9
43.0
43.1
43.*4
41.7
44.1
44.4
43.1

11.76
11.29
11.40
10.87
11.59
11.44
11.91
12.75
13.24

12.05
11.34
11.44
11.25
11.91
11.63
12.67
13.15
13.59

12.08
11.43
11.50
11.29
11.93
11.65
12.90
12.84
13.63

504.50
487.73
476.52
467.41
501.85
483.91
507.37
536.78
566.67

521.77
489.89
487.34
483.75
514.51
481.48
552.41
586.49
589.81

523.06
490.35
494.50
486.60
517.76
485.81
568.89
570.10
587.45

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

40.7
40.0
41.6

41.0
42.0
41.8

41.5
43.0
42.1

10.11
11.07
10.67

10.45
11.61
10.78

10.57
11.87
10.69

411.48
442.80
443.87

428.45
487.62
450.60

438.66
510.41
450.05

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

38.8
37.8
39.4
37.7

39.6
37.7
39.9
37.1

40.4
39.9
40.3
39.8

10.45
10.63
10.76
8.73

10.54
10.50
10.94
8.08

10.68
10.70
10.83
8.31

405.46
401.81
423.94
329.12

417.38
395.85
436.51
299.77

431.47
426.93
436.45
330.74

See footnotes at end of table.

106




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

42.2
41.0
42.4
43.5
42.5

41.8
41.4
41.1
42.1
32.0

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

41.0
42.7
40.7

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville

Average hourly earnings
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

41.8
41.4
41.9
43.2
32.2

$10.61
11.87
11.85
12.10
8.46

$10.67
12.35
11.59
11.62
8.85

41.1
41.9
40.9

41.2
41.4
41.9

9.98
11.99
10.76

41.3
40.4
42.8

40.6
39.3
41.8

40.3
39.2
41.6

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport

42.3
44.1
40.3
40.8

42.4
42.7
40.5
41.7

Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland

42.1
39.9
42.0

Maryland
Baltimore MSA

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

$10.59
12.33
11.59
11.88
8.14

$447.74
486.67
502.44
526.35
359.55

$446.01
511.29
476.35
489.20
283.20

$442.66
510.46
485.62
513.22
262.11

10.34
11.92
10.78

10.37
11.55
10.95

409.18
511.97
437.93

424.97
499.45
440.90

427.24
478.17
458.81

10.14
10.44
11.55

10.23
10.24
11.73

10.19
10.32
11.65

418.78
421.78
494.34

415.34
402.43
490.31

410.66
404.54
484.64

42.6
42.0
41.6
41.2

10.84
12.28
10.70
11.42

11.05
13.15
10.75
11.47

11.00
12.88
10.72
11.68

458.53
541.55
431.21
465.94

468.52
561.51
435.38
478.30

468.60
540.96
445.95
481.22

40.8
39.1
42.1

40.3
39.5
41.9

8.78
7.43
9.18

9.16
8.23
9.48

9.19
8.26
9.43

369.64
296.46
385.56

373.73
321.79
399.11

370.36
326.27
395.12

41.2
42.2

41.3
42.5

41.3
41.8

10.17
11.07

10.51
11.31

10.51
11.22

419.00
467.15

434.06
480.68

434.06
469.00

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

41.1
40.9
41.9
40.7

41.6
41.5
42.9
40.9

41.0
41.3
42.7
40.8

10.00
10.81
9.39
10.10

10.38
11.08
9.84
10.61

10.46
11.10
9.88
10.64

411.00
442.13
393.44
411.07

431.81
459.82
422.14
433.95

428.86
458.43
421.88
434.11

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

42.7
45.5
43.1
43.6
40.9
41.0
43.9
41.9
41.6
43.1

43.9
46.8
42.9
45.0
44.6
42.1
42.8
43.9
41.0
44.2

43.5
46.9
44.2
44.3
45.0
41.1
42.9
42.8
40.7
43.5

13.01
14.10
13.47
14.05
15.60
11.16
12.59
13.44
11.78
14.38

13.45
14.62
14.93
14.50
16.86
11.43
12.85
14.74
12.03
15.34

13.37
14.58
14.84
14.37
16.86
11.62
12.59
14.32
11.97
15.06

555.53
641.55
580.56
612.58
638.04
457.56
552.70
563.14
490.05
619.78

590.45
684.22
640.50
652.50
751.96
481.20
549.98
647.09
493.23
678.03

581.59
683.80
655.93
636.59
758.70
477.58
540.11
612.90
487.18
655.11

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

41.3
38.8
41.2
39.2

41.3
38.9
41.5
39.2

41.0
38.9
40.8
38.2

10.42
10.83
11.17
9.65

10.62
11.02
11.29
10.18

10.65
11.11
11.34
9.98

430.35
420.20
460.20
378.28

438.61
428.68
468.54
399.06

436.65
432.18
462.67
381.24

40.7
40.9

40.1
41.8

40.8
40.9

7.58
8.60

7.89
8.80

7.91
8.71

308.51
351.74

316.39
367.84

322.73
356.24

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

41.2
41.1
41.4
39.7

41.2
41.4
41.5
40.9

41.4
41.8
41.5
40.9

9.98
11.11
11.72
8.44

10.25
11.48
11.89
8.50

10.17
11.61
11.78
8.41

411.18
456.62
485.21
335.07

422.30
475.27
493.44
347.65

421.04
485.30
488.87
343.97

Montana

39.1

38.1

37.7

10.28

10.69

10.70

401.95

407.29

403.39

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

41.0
40.8
40.7

40.7
40.5
41.5

40.8
40.2
41.9

9.38
10.08
10.04

9.65
10.02
10.39

9.57
9.98
10.28

384.58
411.26
408.63

392.76
405.81
431.19

390.46
401.20
430.73

Nevada
Las Vegas

40.2
39.5

39.2
40.5

38.9
40.2

9.92
12.80

10.19
12.66

10.37
13.12

398.78
505.60

399.45
512.73

403.39
527.42

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester...

41.0
40.9
40.4

40.2
40.2
40.7

39.7
39.5
41.4

9.45
11.57
9.03

9.77
12.04
9.19

9.92
12.60
9.27

387.45
473.21
364.81

392.75
484.01
374.03

393.82
497.70
383.78

Jackson

See footnotes at end of table.




105

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

Nov. 1987
to
Nov. 1988P

Sept. 1988
to
Oct. 1988r

Oct. 1988
to
Nov. 1988P

3.1

0.9

-0.5

164,544

3.5

1.0

-.1

1,628
10,745
41,994
25,112
16,882
11,593
12,386
29,393
12,578
44,375

1,581
10,828
42,158
25,219
16,938
11,623
12,371
29,153
12,493
44,338

-2.9
7.9
2.2
2.7
1.6
3.8
4.7
2.4
.1
5.3

.7
2.9
.6
.7
.5
.9
.6
1.3
.7

-2.8
.8
.4
.4
.3
.3
-.1
-.8
-.7
-.1

35,278

34,387

1.1

Sept.
1988r

Oct.
1988r

Nov.
1988P

198,208

199,970

198,931

163,049

164,692

1,616
10,446
41,743
24,945
16,797
11,487
12,307
29,007
12,490
43,952
35,159

Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
=revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,




Percent change

1.0

-2.5

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2285,
chapter 10, Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

109

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
Quarterly index

Annual average
1986

Item
1986

1987

1988

1987
IV

IV

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

110.1
128.6
116.8
183.1
101.2
166.3
165.0
165.8

111.0
133.3
120.1
190.4
101.5
171.5
168.7
170.5

110.5
128.4
116.2
180.4
100.0
163.3
164.5
163.7

110.4
128.2
116.1
182.0
101.2
164.9
165.2
165.0

110.0
128.5
116.8
184.0
101.7
167.3
166.6
167.0

109.8
129.3
117.8
186.2
102.2
169.6
163.7
167.5

109.9
130.5
118.8
187.3
101.5
170.5
165.6
168.7

110.6
132.2
119.5
189.0
101.2
170.8
168.7
170.1

111.7
134.3
120.3
191.1
101.4
171.1
171.5
171.2

111.8
136.2
121.8
194.0
102.0
173.5
168.9
171.9

112.8
138.0
122.3
195.8
102.1
173.5
170.0
172.3

111.8
138.8
124.1
198.1
102.1
177.1
170.4
174.7

112.2
139.7
124.5
201.0
102.4
179.1
172.4
176.7

108.2
128.2
118.5
182.3
100.8
168.6
166.4
167.8

109.0
133.0
122.1
189.4
101.0
173.8
170.2
172.5

108.6
128.1
117.9
179.8
99.6
165.5
166.1
165.7

108.4
127.8
117.9
181.2
100.7
167.1
166.6
167.0

108.0
128.1
118.6
183.1
101.2
169.5
168.1
169.0

107.8
128.8
119.5
185.4
101.8
172.1
164.9
169.5

107.8
130.1
120.7
186.4
101.0
172.9
167.2
170.9

108.6
131.9
121.5
187.9
100.6
173.0
169.8
171.9

109.6
134.1
122.3
190.0
100.8
173.3
173.0
173.2

109.9
136.0
123.8
192.9
101.4
175.6
170.9
174.0

110.8
137.9
124.4
194.6
101.5
175.7
171.6
174.2

110.1
139.2
126.4
196.6
101.3
178.6
171.8
176.2

110.6
140.4
126.9
199.4
101.5
180.2
173.6
177.9

127.7
124.7
97.7
183.0
101.2
143.3

132.0
130.1
98.6
186.9

126.6
124.2
98.1
181.1
100.3
143.0

127.2
124.1
97.6
182.0
101.2
143.2

128.0
124.8
97.4
183.6
101.5
143.4

128.8
125.9
97.7
185.3
101.7
143.8

130.0
127.2
97.8
185.9
100.8
143.1

131.7
128.7

132.8
131.1
98.8
187.2
99.3
141.0

133.2
133.5
100.2
188.2
99.0
141.3

134.3
135.0
100.6
190.7
99.4
142.1

135.5
136.9
101.1
192.1
99.0
141.8

137.2
139.3
101.5
194.4
99.0
141.6

133.5
130.8
98.0
181.9
100.6
136.3

138.5
136.0
98.2
185.2
98.8
133.7

132.2
130.5

133.9
130.7
97.6
182.2
100.7
136.0

135.1
131.8
97.6
184.2
101.2
136.4

136.6
133.3
97.6
184.9
100.2
135.3

138.1
134.2
97.2
184.4
98.8
133.5

139.1
136.5

98.7
180.3
99.9
136.4

132.6
130.0
98.0
180.8
100.5
136.3

98.3
133.2

140.0
139.9
99.9
186.2
97.9
133.0

141.3
141.3
100.0
189.5
98.8
134.1

142.7
144.0
100.9
190.1
98.0
133.3

144.2
146.4
101.6
192.3
98.0
133.4

118.9
115.8
97.3
184.8
102.2
155.4

122.3
121.4
99.3
190.1
101.4
155.4

118.1
114.7
97.1
182.1
100.9
154.3

118.9
115.4
97.0
184.0
102.3
154.7

119.2
115.9
97.2
186.0
102.8
156.0

119.6
117.0
97.9
187.2
102.8
156.5

120.1
118.0
98.2
188.0
101.9
156.4

122.4
120.5
98.4
189.7
101.6
155.0

123.5
123.1
99.7
190.8
101.2
154.5

123.2
124.0
100.7
191.9
100.9
155.8

123.9
125.6
101.4
193.2
100.8
156.0

124.8
126.4
101.3
195.7
100.9
156.8

126.9
128.8
101.5
197.9
100.8
156.0

109.7
129.1
117.7
179.5
99.2
167.3
163.6
178.4
132.4
163.2

111.3
134.6
120.9
185.5
98.9
170.6
166.6
182.5
130.8
165.8

109.5
128.8
117.6
177.1
98.1
165.5
161.7
176.7
133.7
161.7

109.3
128.3
117.3
178.5
99.2
166.7
163.3
176.9
132.7
162.6

109.6
128.9
117.6
180.2
99.6
168.4
164.3
180.3
133.6
164.2

110.3
130.4
118.1
182.2
100.1
168.8
165.1
179.6
129.7
164.1

110.1
131.3
119.3
182.9
99.1
169.9
166.2
180.8
128.5
164.9

110.9
133.3
120.2
184.3
98.7
170.3
166.1
182.6
129.8
165.4

112.2
136.1
121.3
186.1
98.7
170.2
165.9
183.0
136.4
166.1

112.2
137.7
122.8
188.5
99.1
172.0
168.1
183.6
128.3
166.7

113.3
140.1
123.6
189.9
99.0
171.5
167.5
183.4
132.5
166.9

112.9
141.2
125.0
191.9
98.9
173.8
170.0
185.1
132.6
168.8

112.6
141.9
126.1
194.4
99.0
176.4
172.7
187.6
129.5
170.8

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

99.7
141.7

97.7
186.3
99.7
141.4

Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

98.2
185.3

Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
=revised.

110




,

SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates
Percent change from
Previous quarter

Item

Same quarter, previous year

III
1987

IV
1987

I
1988

1988

1988r

1987

III
1987

IV
1987

I
1988

1988

1988r

7.9
3.2

3.9
6.6
2.6
4.6
.8
.7
6.7
2.8

0.6
5.7
5.1
6.2
2.4
5.6
-5.8
1.4

3.5
5.5
1.9
3.7
.3
.2
2.5
1.0

-3.4
2.4
6.0
4.8
.0
8.5
1.0
5.8

1.5
2.6
1.1
6.1
1.3
4.5
4.6
4.5

0.2
3.1
2.9
3.8
.0
3.6
2.1
3.1

1.5
4.5
3.0
3.9
-.3
2.3
2.9
2.5

1.9
5.3
3.4
4.2
-.2
2.3
3.2
2.6

2.7
5.8
3.0
4.5
.5
1.8
2.7
2.1

1.1
5.0
3.9
4.8
.9
3.7
1.0
2.7

0.5
4.0
3.5
5.2
1.0
4.7
.5
3.2

3.2
5.7
2.5
3.4
-1.4
.2
6.5
2.3

3.7
6.8
2.9
4.5
.6
.7
7.7
3.1

5.9
4.9
6.4
2.6
5.4
-4.8
1.8

3.4
5.6
2.1
3.5
.1
.1
1.6
.6

-2.4
4.0
6.6
4.2
-.5
6.8
.7
4.7

1.9
3.4
1.5
5.6
.8
3.7
4.1
3.8

.2
3.2
3.0
3.7
-.1
3.5
1.9
3.0

1.5
4.7
3.2
3.7
-.4
2.2
2.9
2.5

1.9
5.6
3.6
4.1
-.4
2.1
3.6
2.6

2.8
6.0
3.1
4.4
.5
1.6
2.6
1.9

1.4
5.6
4.1
4.6
.7
3.2
1.2
2.5

4.7
3.8
4.9
.8
4.0
.3
2.7

5.5
4.9
-.6
.7
-4.0
-4.6

3.2
7.8
4.4
2.1
-1.7

5.2
7.2
1.8
4.7
.0
-.5

3.7
5.1

.1
2.3
-1.4
-1.2

1.4
2.0

-1.5
.8

3.7
5.8
2.0
3.0
-1.7
-.7

3.6
3.7

-1.1

3.2
4.6
1.3
5.4
2.0
2.2

-2.1
-1.7

3.4
6.0
2.6
1.6
-2.7
-1.8

3.3
6.2
2.8
2.6
-1.3
-.7

2.8
6.4
3.4
3.2
-.7
.3

3.3
6.2
2.8
3.8
-.3
.4

4.4
2.8
-1.5
-1.0
-5.6
-5.1

2.9
7.0
4.0
2.0
-1.7
-.9

2.6
10.2
7.3
1.9
-1.7
-.7

3.8
4.3
.4
7.1
3.6
3.2

3.8
7.7
3.8
1.4
-3.2
-2.3

4.3
6.9
2.5
4.7
.0
.4

3.8
4.5
.6
1.7
-2.4
-2.1

3.7
6.1
2.3
1.1
-3.2
-2.5

3.4
6.0
2.5
2.5
-1.4

3.3
7.3
3.8
3.1
-.8
-.2

3.6
7.2
3.5
3.8
-.4
.1

7.6
8.5
.8
3.8
-1.0
-3.6

3.8

9.0
5.1
2.4

-1.1
3.1
4.2
2.2

3.6
6.2
2.5
2.6

-1.4
3.4

3.2
2.7
-.5
5.2
.4
2.0

6.7
7.6

-1.4
-1.3

2.3
5.1
2.7
2.9
-.5
.6

3.0
6.0
2.9
2.5
-1.9
-.5

3.1
6.4
3.2
2.8
-1.1
-.3

2.0
4.9
2.9
3.2
-.7
1.1

2.7
4.6
1.8
3.7
-.4
1.0

3.1
6.1
2.9
2.9
-1.8
1.0
-.2
4.1
3.9
1.2

4.7
8.8
4.0
4.1
.3
-.2
-.6
.8
21.9
1.7

-.1
4.7
4.8
5.2
1.5
4.2
5.3
1.3
-21.5
1.5

4.3
7.2
2.8
3.0
-.4
-1.0
-1.2
-.3
13.8
.3

-1.6
3.0
4.7
4.2
-.6
5.3
5.9
3.7
.3
4.8

1.6
5.6
3.9
3.4

3.0
6.7
3.6
3.8
-.1
1.0
.8
1.5
3.1
1.2

1.8
5.9
4.1
4.1
.2
2.1
2.3
1.4
2.2
2.1

.3
4.2
3.9
4.5
.3
3.7

1987
Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

2.7
5.3
2.5
3.6
-1.2
.8

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

1.3
7.5
6.1

2.1

Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

4.1
3.3
-.8
2.0

-1.7
-2.0

Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

-.1
-1.9

2.9
4.4
1.5
3.1
-.7
.2

-1.5
-1.0

-1.1
2.1
3.3
5.4
.7
6.3
6.6
5.5
-9.1
4.8

1.5
3.9
2.4
3.2
-.6
2.1
1.7
3.2
-2.2
1.7

2.3
5.6
3.2
3.3
-.9
1.1
.9
1.5
2.0
1.2

.9
4.6

Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
=revised.




-1.0
1.9
1.8
2.2
-1.1
1.6

4.1
2.5
-5.0
2.8

SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

Ill

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montaomerv
Tuscaloosa

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

1,903.7
449.6
132.5
212.5
138.0
70.6

1,880.6
449.7
134.5
206.8
134.8
70.1

Oct.
1988?

Oct.
1987

1,915.5
457.5
136.1
210.3
137.0
71.8

130.6
26.5
6.2
19.7
8.3
3.7

Sept.
1988

126.2
25.3
6.5
17.9
8.1
3.7

Oct.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

127.7
25.1
6.3
17.6
7.8
3.5

6.9
5.9
4.7
9.3
6.0
5.2

6.7
5.6
4.9
8.7
6.0
5.3

6.7
5.5
4.6
8.4
5.7
4.9

248.7

241.8

238.8

22.8

17.6

20.1

9.2

7.3

8.4

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

1,631.8
1,012.6
309.5

1,675.1
1,036.6
317.9

1,715.7
1,059.8
325.8

93.1
49.0
14.6

113.0
57.3
17.2

117.7
60.9
18.5

5.7
4.8
4.7

6.7
5.5
5.4

6.9
5.7
5.7

Arkansas
Favetteville-SDrinadale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,112.0
60.1
92.8
260.8
37.4

1,115.1
61.6
92.4
263.8
37.1

1,114.8
61.5
92.1
264.0
37.4

76.4
2.2
5.1
16.3
2.9

80.1
2.7
6.5
16.3
3.1

74.6
2.5
6.7
15.0
2.8

6.9
3.6
5.5
6.2
7.7

7.2
4.3
7.1
6.2
8.4

6.7
4.0
7.2
5.7
7.4

13,824.7
1,286.6
229.3
285.5
4,293.0
150.2
1,029.8
336.6
913.2
683.1
1,068.4
868.4
797.2
177.2
190.1
187.3
185.9

14,116.5
1,335.3
232.1
341.9
4,097.7
164.3
1,068.2
355.8
957.7
721.2
1,125.4
889.4
826.5
180.1
199.1
204.0
196.1

14,200.3
1,353.3
232.2
300.9
4,155.2
160.5
1,081.6
354.8
973.5
727.0
1,140.8
901.0
834.2
184.5
199.3
199.2
195.6

770.0
42.7
23.7
30.0
254.0
15.7
48.8
19.0
53.7
36.1
49.5
31.0
33.4
7.4
8.0
17.0
10.6

707.0
40.9
21.9
27.7
195.4
15.1
47.5
19.9
58.1
35.5
48.9
30.8
31.2
7.6
8.4
15.9
10.1

675.9
40.0
23.1
29.1
179.5
15.8
45.1
18.1
53.8
34.6
45.8
28.6
30.4
7.3
8.1
16.8
9.8

5.6
3.3
10.3
10.5
5.9
10.5
4.7
5.6
5.9
5.3
4.6
3.6
4.2
4.2
4.2
9.1
5.7

5.0
3.1
9.5
8.1
4.8
9.2
4.4
5.6
6.1
49
4.3
3.5
3.8
4.2
4.2
7.8
5.1

4.8
3.0
10.0
9.7
4.3
9.9
4.2
5.1
5.5
48
4.0
3.2
3.6
4.0
4.0
8.4
5.0

Colorado
Boulder—Lonomont
Denver

1,693.5
131.9
889.1

1,709.0
133.9
893.6

1,728.4
136.3
903.0

112.5
6.4
56.1

90.9
5.6
45.5

99.5
6.3
49.1

6.6
4.8
6.3

5.3
4.2
5.1

5.8
4.6
5.4

Connecticut
BridaGDort-Milford
Hartford
New Haven—Meriden
Stamford
Waterburv

1,767.5
232.5
428.9
273.5
119.5
102.1

1,788.4
234.4
434.0
278.0
120.1
104.5

1,791.1
235.7
436.5
281.0
120.1
104.9

50.4
7.9
10.9
7.5
2.5
3.8

51.1
8.7
11.5
7.9
2.3
3.6

53.7
8.9
12.1
8.4
2.4
3.8

2.9
3.4
2.5
2.7
2.1
3.7

2.9
3.7
2.6
2.8
1.9
3.4

3.0
3.8
2.8
3.0
2.0
3.6

337.0
292.6

348.9
301.3

352.4
306.2

8.8
8.4

10.0
10.5

10.0
10.2

2.6
2.9

2.9
3.5

2.9
3.3

District of Columbia
Washington

331.4
2,136.6

340.0
2,226.0

340.1
2,235.7

19.3
62.6

16.6
64.8

16.5
67.1

5.8
2.9

4.9
2.9

4.8
3.0

Florida1
.;
Davtona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollvwood-PomDano Beach
Fort Mvers-CaDe Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne Titusville-Palm Bav
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota

5,966.1
147.7
622.5
134.5
453.8
179.0
925.2
563.5
151.7
118.9
126.4
973.6
402.2

6,119.4
152.5
645.7
142.4
476.4
185.7
930.8
586.8
154.7
122.5
128.6
984.4
416.5

6,173.8
153.2
649.0
144.6
477.2
188.5
932.6
592.8
154.2
123.5
130.8
993.5
426.5

296.1
6.4
24.7
5.0
22.5
8.3
50.5
23.6
8.4
3.9
4.7
43.3
20.6

309.7
6.6
25.6
5.7
25.1
8.1
50.1
26.6
9.9
4.2
4.5
43.3
22.9

303.0
6.8
25.1
5.6
23.7
9.0
48.3
26.4
9.5
4.0
4.4
44.8
21.3

5.0
4.3
4.0
3.7
5.0
4.6
5.5
4.2
5.6
3.2
3.7
4.5
5.1

5.1
4.3
4.0
4.0
5.3
4.3
5.4
4.5
6.4
3.4
35
4.4
5.5

4.9
4.4
3.9
3.9
5.0
4.8
5.2
4.4
6.1
3.2
33
4.5
5.0

Alaska

California1
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Anaeles-Lona Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riv©rsid©—San Bernardino
San Diego
San Francisco
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-LomDOC
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Valleio-Fairfield NaDa

Dataware
Wilmington

TamDa-St Petersbura-Clearwater
u/aef Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delrav Beach
See footnotes at end of table.

I12




••

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Georgia
Athens
.
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins ..
Savannah

...
.

Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
B o i s e City ..

....

...

Illinois1
Aurora-Elgin
....
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ..
Chicago
.
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County . . . . . . . .
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield.. ..
Indiana
Anderson
..
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen ..
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis ..
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

.. .

.

.

.

. ...

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

....

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette...
Louisville
Owensboro

......

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland ..

...

. . . .

... .

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

...

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

162.9
2.9
70.0
10.1
7.2
5.9
6.4

5.0
3.9
4.4
5.3
5.5
4.6
5.5

5.8
4.3
5.5
6.0
6.4
4.7
6.1

5.1
3.8
4.6
5.5
6.9
4.4
5.7

14.9
9.9

15.8
10.4

3.6
3.3

2.9
2.6

3.0
2.7

28.4
5.0

20.9
3.1

20.7
3.2

5.9
4.7

4.3
2.9

4.3
2.9

5,848.8
179.8
68.1
90.1
3,215.3
182.0
58.5
193.5
278.4
155.0
145.8
109.5

371.2
8.9
2.6
3.3
189.1
12.0
5.5
13.3
10.6
10.3
12.2
5.1

312.8
7.4
2.7
2.7
164.3
11.0
3.9
10.6
9.3
8.3
8.0
4.6

353.4
8.2
2.8
3.3
182.3
13.4
5.3
12.2
10.4
9.7
9.1
5.2

6.3
5.0
3.8
3.6
5.8
6.6
9.1
6.7
3.8
6.6
8.1
4.6

5.4
4.1
4.0
3.0
5.1
6.1
6.8
5.5
3.3
5.4
5.5
4.2

6.0
4.5
4.1
3.7
5.7
7.4
9.0
6.3
3.7
6.2
6.3
4.8

2,862.0
59.9
63.3
98.0
145.6
204.7
259.0
685.9
69.1
61.9
132.5
60.0

2,854.8
59.5
63.6
98.8
144.9
206.2
257.4
683.6
69.5
61.7
132.1
60.0

151.9
3.4
1.9
4.1
8.8
9.3
18.8
32.1
2.1
4.0
6.8
3.3

131.7
3.1
1.7
3.0
7.4
8.1
14.0
29.1
1.7
3.5
6.3
3.1

135.2
3.0
1.7
4.8
7.2
9.7
14.0
29.1
1.7
3.1
6.3
2.8

5.4
5.6
3.1
4.4
6.1
4.7
7.4
4.8
3.1
6.5
5.2
5.5

4.6
5.2
2.8
3.1
5.1
4.0
5.4
4.2
2.4
5.7
4.8
5.1

4.7
5.1
2.7
4.9
5.0
4.7
5.4
4.3
2.5
5.0
4.7
4.7

1,469.5
94.4
226.0
45.2
59.6
68.8

1,497.4
96.9
233.4
45.4
61.5
69.9

1,512.6
97.8
237.0
45.9
61.6
70.5

59.1
3.6
7.9
1.9
3.0
4.0

54.0
2.8
8.0
1.8
2.5
3.0

52.6
2.8
7.4
1.8
2.2
2.9

4.0
3.8
3.5
4.3
5.0
5.8

3.6
2.9
3.4
4.0
4.1
4.3

3.5
2.8
3.1
4.0
3.6
4.1

1,282.3
90.6
253.9

1,282.7
90.6
251.3

1,298.0
90.7
255.2

52.6
3.9
10.6

52.7
4.0
11.1

55.5
4.2
11.6

4.1
4.3
4.2

4.1
4.4
4.4

4.3
4.7
4.6

1,705.3
185.1
504.1
45.2

1,708.8
186.6
515.1
44.8

1,727.8
190.2
517.5
45.1

129.2
7.9
30.4
3.8

107.9
7.1
25.9
3.0

111.7
7.9
26.8
2.9

7.6
4.3
6.0
8.5

6.3
3.8
5.0
6.8

6.5
4.1
5.2
6.5

1,933.1
61.5
264.0
71.4
99.3
68.6
598.5
167.3

1,925.1
61.0
267.2
68.8
98.2
68.7
595.6
165.1

1,930.4
61.2
267.9
69.9
99.0
69.0
593.9
165.6

190.1
4.9
22.0
8.3
10.0
5.8
52.8
15.3

188.4
5.4
23.7
6.5
8.8
6.4
53.1
15.5

183.4
5.2
23.1
6.2
8.6
6.3
51.3
15.4

9.8
8.0
8.3
11.6
10.1
8.5
8.8
9.2

9.8
8.9
8.9
9.5
8.9
9.3
8.9
9.4

9.5
8.6
8.6
8.9
8.7
9.1
8.6
9.3

601.5
41.9
129.1

604.6
41.1
127.8

603.0
42.1
128.7

17.9
1.5
2.4

13.0
1.1
1.6

14.1
1.3
1.7

3.0
3.6
1.8

2.2
2.6
1.3

2.3
3.0
1.3

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

3,073.4
73.4
1,450.2
178.5
100.4
128.1
110.3

3,194.2
73.0
1,522.9
183.3
101.7
132.1
114.0

3,212.9
77.1
1,523.1
184.4
103.5
133.1
113.4

152.5
2.9
63.7
9.5
5.5
5.9
6.1

183.7
3.1
83.6
11.1
6.5
6.2
7.0

522.3
389.3

509.4
378.1

518.5
385.0

18.8
12.8

478.4
104.9

487.7
105.6

483.3
109.5

5,895.8
179.3
67.7
90.3
3,241.7
182.5
59.9
199.6
275.4
156.1
149.9
111.1

5,818.5
180.2
68.0
87.6
3,215.8
180.3
57.3
192.9
280.0
154.3
144.9
109.3

2,796.4
59.9
60.2
94.4
142.4
198.1
254.7
665.5
67.5
61.1
130.3
60.2

Oct.
1988P

See footnotes at end of table.




113

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988^

Maryland
Baltimore

2,413.1
1,165.4

2,461.9
1,179.3

2,479.2
1,189.5

91.9
49.0

103.1
54.3

Massachusetts1
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester

3,109.3
1,544.3
97.6
76.3
45.5
184.9
150.2
85.0
252.7
217.2

3,130.0
1,537.1
99.9
76.7
44.7
184.1
149.0
86.1
251.1
220.2

3,148.7
1,547.9

83.9
36.2
3.0
3.2
1.6
7.5
4.6
3.1
6.9
5.3

Michigan1
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,522.7
160.4
64.2
77.6
2,177.7
200.1
349.2
116.0
240.5
67.6
186.9

4,587.5
163.6
65.3
78.9
2,194.6
198.5
360.7
118.3
239.4
68.9
189.7

4,596.2

310.4
5.6
4.6
4.5
154.4

12.4

12.2
5.5
11.7

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester

St. Cloud

2,293.5
106.5
1,364.8
58.6
94.1

2,346.6
107.2
1,389.7
60.4
95.6

2,357.6
107.4
1,398.9
60.1
97.0

98.6
7.5
52.2
2.2
4.2

80.7
5.4
44.0
1.4
3.7

Mississippi
Jackson ..

1,146.8
199.6

1,136.3
200.8

1,144.8
201.5

95.5
11.7

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

2,627.5
842.1
1,288.6
125.0

2,622.0
829.0
1,276.4
126.5

2,629.7
828.4
1,280.2
128.0

150.3
42.5

Montana

402.7

391.2

391.9

23.1

18.7

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

823.6
123.8
322.4

817.8
123.8
327.4

828.4
125.9
329.3

33.2
3.7
14.4

26.3
3.1
11.9

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

564.6
328.6
139.4

589.6
342.0
143.7

592.4
344.2
144.2

31.4
19.7
6.6

26.9
17.3
5.4

25.9

New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester...,

601.9
99.6
133.6

607.0
100.2
137.4

611.2
101.0
137.7

12.6
2.3
2.1

New Jersey1
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton

3,962.5
170.7
722.5
269.7
555.1
467.1
960.8
172.4

3,942.9
178.1
714.5
266.9
556.8
479.0
946.0
169.8

3,909.9
170.0
712.1
264.0
555.8
468.2
941.3
169.6

696.5
264.1
58.1
66.1

698.4
270.1
57.7
67.8

704.6
270.6
60.0
67.8

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.

114




100.2
76.6
45.5
184.0
151.0
86.5
253.4
225.1

167.0
65.7
79.3
2,195.2

195.1
362.8

119.3
245.1
69.0
191.7

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988^

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

115.0
62.0

3.8
4.2

4.2
4.6

4.6
5.2

94.1
41.1
3.4
3.3
1.8
7.8
5.2
3.5
7.6
5.8

89.0
38.6
3.5
3.2
1.8
7.2
4.9
3.3
7.2
5.5

2.7
2.3
3.1
4.2
3.5
4.1
3.1
3.6
2.7
2.4

3.0
2.7
3.5
4.3
4.0
4.2
3.5
4.0
3.0
2.6

2.8
2.5
3.4
4.2
3.8
3.9
3.3
3.8
2.8
2.4

304.6
5.9
4.0

305.2
5.8
4.3
5.1
149.8
22.9

11.6

6.9
3.5
7.2
5.8
7.1
12.0
5.0
4.7
5.6
8.5
6.6

6.6
3.6
6.1
6.2
6.9
12.9
4.6
4.7
5.1
8.0
6.2

6.6
3.4
6.5
6.4
6.8
11.7
4.8
4.7
5.0
8.7
6.1

86.0
5.5
47.5
1.6
3.7

4.3
7.1
3.8
3.7
4.5

3.4
5.0
3.2
2.4
3.9

3.6
5.1
3.4.
2.6
3.8

85.0
10.5

91.5
11.4

8.3
5.9

7.5
5.2

8.0
5.7

143.8
41.6
76.6
5.4

141.7
40.4
78.1
5.3

5.7
5.1
6.3
4.6

5.5
5.0
6.0
4.3

5.4
4.9
6.1
4.1

19.4

5.7

4.8

5.0

26.1
4.0
11.2

4.0
3.0
4.5

3.2
2.5
3.6

3.2
3.2
3.4

16.3
5.3

5.6
6.0
4.7

4.6
5.1
3.7

4.4
4.7
3.6

14.5
3.2
2.1

14.1
3.1
2.1

2.1
2.4
1.5

2.4
3.2
1.5

2.3
3.1
1.5

144.5
10.1
22.4
15.9
14.3
14.0
38.1
4.9

133.8

138.2
8.6

13.4
14.2
34.0
4.4

35.0
4.5

3.6
5.9
3.1
5.9
2.6
3.0
4.0
2.9

3.4
4.0
3.0
5.8
2.4
3.0
3.6
2.6

3.5
5.1
3.1
5.9
2.5
3.2
3.7
2.7

54.3
16.2
4.2
3.4

51.1
15.7
4.1
3.1

49.2
15.0
4.1
3.2

7.8
6.1
7.2
5.2

7.3
5.8
7.1
4.6

7.0
5.5
6.8
4.7

24.1
17.3
5.4
13.4
5.7

80.8
5.7

Sept.
1988

4.9
150.5
25.5

16.4
5.5

7.1
21.3
15.4

17.4
5.7
12.3
6.0

21.9
15.6
13.7
14.9

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988p

New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy .
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk ..
New York
New York City . ..
Orange County
.. .
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,521.4
419.7
125.5
448.9
42.0
1,422.7
3,908.9
3,232.0
131.6
127.1
500.2
324.8
136.8

8,493.8
418.1
125.9
446.8
42.6
1,413.4
3,890.7
3,218.3
132.4
129.4
493.5
315.0
137.4

8,544.1
422.2
127.1
450.3
43.3
1,432.6
3,900.2
3,222.5
134.9
130.2
500.8
318.1
137.7

415.5
16.7
4.9
25.0
1.8
50.1
208.4
188.0
4.8
3.7
21.7
21.0
6.8

353.2
14.0
4.2
20.7
1.5
47.4
181.2
161.2
4.7
3.4
16.8
12.2
5.5

North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point ..
Raleigh-Durham

3,335.6
87.9
641.7
521.8
403.8

3,329.2
87.8
646.7
515.0
401.4

3,376.7
88.9
656.9
522.0
408.9

128.5
3.2
21.6
17.0
11.4

334.1
44.6
86.8
37.5

332.9
45.0
86.9
36.6

337.8
44.8
89.0
37.4

Ohio1
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland ..
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield .......
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren ...

5,242.6
321.3
188.7
751.5
925.6
699.9
462.2
311.2
218.8

5,251.4
321.4
187.5
758.0
922.0
701.7
465.3
312.7
221.2

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

1,551.1
30.0
49.6
507.7
344.0

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield .
Portland
Salem...
Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
.. .
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .
Johnstown ..
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre ..
Williamsport
York

North Dakota ... .
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead ..
Grand Forks

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro ..
Providence
South Carolina ..
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg ..
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988?

359.2
14.5
4.5
21.4
1.6
48.1
178.1
158.9
4.9
3.5
17.6
12.7
6.2

4.9
4.0
3.9
5.6
4.2
3.5
5.3
5.8
3.6
2.9
4.3
6.5
5.0

4.2
3.4
3.4
4.6
3.6
3.4
4.7
5.0
3.5
2.6
3.4
3.9
4.0

4.2
3.4
3.5
4.7
3.8
3.4
4.6
4.9
3.7
2.7
3.5
4.0
4.5

103.2
2.1
19.4
14.0
9.3

127.9
3.1
22.5
17.6
11.2

3.9
3.7
3.4
3.3
2.8

3.1
2.4
3.0
2.7
2.3

3.8
3.4
3.4
3.4
2.7

11.4
1.5
2.3
1.1

13.0
1.8
2.1
1.2

13.5
2.0
2.1
1.1

3.4
3.4
2.7
2.8

3.9
4.0
2.4
3.4

4.0
4.4
2.3
3.1

5,327.5
324.3
189.7
767.4
936.7
718.6
471.8
317.5
222.1

302.4
18.8
12.5
41.6
48.2
33.1
21.8
19.5
15.5

299.7
17.7
11.5
36.0
47.7
32.7
23.9
17.7
15.4

275.7
16.3
10.3
34.5
44.8
32.2
22.7
16.2
13.4

5.8
5.8
6.6
5.5
5.2
4.7
4.7
6.3
7.1

5.7
5.5
6.1
4.7
5.2
4.7
5.1
5.6
7.0

5.2
5.0
5.4
4.5
4.8
4.5
4.8
5.1
6.0

1,494.9
28.6
48.1
490.3
334.9

1,505.4
28.8
47.7
489.7
337.0

98.7
1.7
2.3
27.9
24.9

91.1
1.4
2.6
25.3
22.3

93.5
1.5
2.8
25.7
22.4

6.4
5.5
4.6
5.5
7.2

6.1
4.8
5.4
5.2
6.6

6.2
5.3
5.8
5.3
6.6

1,410.7
141.2
640.3
130.9

1,421.7
140.6
642.1
133.6

1,415.8
142.3
644.7
133.0

74.0
7.7
29.8
6.5

76.3
8.4
27.6
6.2

70.0
7.1
27.9
6.0

5.2
5.4
4.6
5.0

5.4
6.0
4.3
4.7

4.9
5.0
4.3
4.5

5,796.9
323.8
59.7
63.8
130.5
319.2
95.4
217.7
2,440.3
965.9
175.6
356.9
60.9
214.9

5,844.5
326.7
61.3
64.2
130.9
326.6
95.7
222.3
2,433.3
969.1
180.4
358.8
62.8
221.7

5,770.1
321.2
60.3
63.3
129.5
319.6
94.1
220.2
2,411.0
953.1
179.0
357.4
61.8
218.7

307.6
14.9
4.1
6.4
8.5
12.1
7.1
9.0
103.0
58.7
7.2
22.9
3.0
9.5

295.5
13.4
3.9
5.6
7.5
13.9
6.2
7.6
103.9
54.6
7.2
20.4
3.1
9.4

291.9
13.5
4.1
5.4
7.8
13.4
6.5
8.9
100.1
53.0
6.5
20.8
3.0
9.6

5.3
4.6
6.8
10.0
6.5
3.8
7.5
4.1
4.2
6.1
4.1
6.4
5.0
4.4

5.1
4.1
6,3
8.7
5.7
4.2
6.5
3.4
4.3
5.6
4.0
5.7
4.9
4.2

5.1
4.2
6.8
8.5
6.0
4.2
6.9
4.1
4.2
5.6
3.7
5.8
4.9
4.4

526.3
168.9
342.7

523.8
166.3
341.7

527.9
169.9
344.5

16.0
5.8
10.2

12.8
5.2
8.2

13.4
5.4
8.3

3.0
3.4
3.0

2.4
3.1
2.4

2.5
3.2
2.4

1,649.2
221.Q
228.7
323.0

1,667.0
230.8
237.5
331.9

1,697.4
233.3
238.3
338.4

82.6
9.3
8.4
12.6

72.2
9.1
7.7
11.3

78.0
9.3
8.0
11.8

5.0
4.2
3.7
3.9

4.3
4.0
3.2
3.4

4.6
4.0
3.3
3.5

358.6
40.2
72.3

355.1
39.7
71.7

356.9
39.5
71.3

11.8
1.6
1.9

12.7
1.8
2.7

14.7
2.1
2.8

3.3
4.1
2.6

3.6
4.6
3.8

4.1
5.3
4.0

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

See footnotes at end of table.




115

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis LMA
Nashville

2,362.7
208.2
218.5
285.8
451.5
525.3

2,320.2
211.3
216.5
277.7
445.9
501.5

2,328.2
212.8
215.9
277.9
448.7
502.0

134.4
10.2
13.1
14.1
23.5
22.3

130.7
12.0
11.0
13.8
22.5
22.4

Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

8,244.5
54.0
100.9
429.6
160.8
81.0

8,387.6
55.4
101.9
430.6
161.7
83.6
97.8
57.8

8,375.4
55.4
101.3
430.1
161.6
83.5

606.1
3.9
5.8
25.7

12.4
2.7

160.9
1,476.2
247.4

97.9
60.3
160.7
1,473.7
244.6

594.4
3.2
6.0
25.0
16.3
6.4
12.1
2.5
14.3

1,600.6

687.4
107.4
1,635.1

684.5
105.6
1,635.3

93.2
44.7

97.2
47.1

97.0
47.2

78.7

80.0
115.8
148.2
50.3
54.0
46.2

Waco
Wichita Falls

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

95.2
57.8
158.9
1,457.5
233.8

679.2
107.7

113.0
146.7
49.5
53.3
45.4
611.3
49.6
58.2
76.2
36.5
94.0
57.1

80.2

58.6

115.7
153.3
50.2
53.7
46.3
632.3
49.8
58.4
76.8
36.7
94.3
58.4

631.7
50.4
58.4
76.6
36.9
94.3

Oct.
1987

16.7
6.8

15.9
84.3

23.1
41.1

10.3
121.2
7.0
5.6
7.1
6.0
24.7
3.6
4.3
2.5
44.3
3.4
4.3
5.7
2.8
7.0
3.8

Sept.
1988

83.4
28.3

42.1
9.2
107.0
7.6
5.7
6.7
5.8
26.6
2.8
4.1
2.8

49.0
3.5
4.5
5.7
2.5
6.1
3.5

Oct.
1988P

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988P

130.9
11.8
10.4
14.6
22.9
21.4

5.7
4.9
6.0
4.9
5.2
4.3

5.6
5.7
5.1
5.0
5.0
4.5

5.6
5.6
4.8
5.2
5.1
4.3

571.2
3.1
6.1
24.2
15.2
5.9
11.5
2.7

7.4
7.1
5.8
6.0
10.4
8.4
13.0
4.7

13.9
82.7

10.0
5.8
9.9
6.0
9.5
7.6
7.5
12.6
9.1
5.3
16.8
7.2
8.1
5.6
7.3
7.0
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.5
6.7

7.1
5.8
5.9
5.8
10.1
7.6
12.4
4.4
8.9
5.7
11.4
6.1
8.5
6.5
7.8

18.0
5.6
7.6
6.1
7.8
7.0
7.8
7.4
6.7
6.4
6.0

6.8
5.6
6.1
5.6
9.4
7.1
11.8
4.5
8.6
5.6
10.6
5.9
8.0
6.2
8.0
11.7
8.5
4.9
16.5
5.5
7.4
6.0
7.4
6.4
7.4
7.1
6.3
6.1
5.5

25.9
40.5
8.4
101.1
7.8
5.5
6.8
5.7
25.3
2.7
4.0
2.8

46.8
3.2
4.3
5.4
2.3
5.7
3.2

12.2
8.3
5.0

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

756.8
100.8
499.6

757.4
103.4
496.5

763.6
104.0
501.6

40.0
5.2
24.9

31.7
3.8
20.4

32.8

3.9
21.0

5.3
5.1
5.0

4.2
3.6
4.1

4.3
3.8
4.2

Vermont
Burlington

304.6
75.5

300.0
78.0

305.0
79.0

10.0
2.0

5.6
1.2

7.1
1.3

3.3
2.6

1.9
1.6

2.3
1.7

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,015.5
66.8
51.2
72.0
600.0
433.2

3,137.8

119.6

120.5

3,157.3
70.6
54.0
73.5
635.4
459.4
121.4

118.9
1.5
3.4
3.6
27.4
16.1
5.0

118.1
2.0
3.4
3.0
29.1
16.0
4.9

126.4
2.1
3.7
3.9
31.4
15.5
5.5

3.9
2.3
6.6
4.9
4.6
3.7
4.2

3.8
2.8
6.3
4.2
4.6
3.5
4.0

4.0
3.0
6.9
5.3
4.9
3.4
4.5

Washington
Seattle

2,307.3
1,016.2

2,296.2
1,025.5

2,304.1
1,035.8

159.0
58.8

128.6
45.5

123.9
46.3

6.9
5.8

5.6
4.4

5.4
4.5

742.3
116.1
126.0
71.2
71.0

723.4
114.5
124.4
69.2
69.2

724.6
114.3

62.6
9.0

124.7
69.9

10.7
4.7
5.2

61.7
8.8
9.0
4.4
5.0

63.9
8.8
8.5
4.4
4.8

8.4
7.7
8.5
6.7
7.3

8.5
7.7
7.2
6.4
7.2

8.8
7.7
6.8
6.3
6.8

2,519.6
165.6
70.6
107.0
71.5
57.2
54.8
219.3
744.5

2,591.6

2,590.9

174.7
74.8
111.2
73.6
56.5
57.2
226.1

174.2
75.3
112.0

88.4
5.7
2.3
3.9
2.6
2.0
1.8
5.5

61.3

118.8
7.5
3.2
5.2
4.3
2.8
2.1
6.6
32.0
4.4
2.7

25.9
3.3
2.0

88.7
5.7
2.3
4.1
2.6
1.9
1.7
5.0
24.5
3.3
2.1

4.7
4.5
4.5
4.9
6.0
5.0
3.7
3.0
4.3
5.1
4.6

3.4
3.3
3.1
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.1
2.4
3.4
3.8
3.3

3.4
3.3
3.1
3.6
3.5
3.5
2.9
2.2
3.2
3.8
3.4

232.6

15.3

11.4

13.5

6.5

4.9

5.8

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming

70.1
53.8
72.3
631.3
455.7

58.8

770.8
89.0
61.7

235.0

231.1

85.9

1
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the
Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1987 have been

116




70.1

73.9
55.4
57.3
226.6
775.5
88.8

benchmarked to 1987 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the
11 States designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1988 are provisional and will be
revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Area definitions are
published annually in the May issue of this publication.

Explanatory Notes

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over.
The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the
unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race,
family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor
force. The information is collected by trained interviewers
from a sample of over about 55,800 households, representing 729 areas in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on
nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based
on payroll reports from a sample of over 300,000 establishments employing over 38 million nonagricultural wage and
salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part
time, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th day of the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are readily obtained only from the household
survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of differences in definitions and coverage, sources
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which




have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons,
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the
survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. Civilian
employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once and are
classified according to the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not
at work during the survey week—that is, were not working
but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
disputes, or because they were taking time off for various
other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers
for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Green's article, "Comparing Employment Estimates From Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly
Labor Review, December 1969.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by
117

employers. In the household survey data, all persons with
a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll
survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during
the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures median earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the household
survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the
Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work
or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they
had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance
claims, prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who
have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have
not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons
losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems
(some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family
workers). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended
to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000
or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in
20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with
a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than

118




unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment"
by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of
Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the
inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who
are counted more than once if they work on more than one
farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating
methods which cannot be readily measured in terms of their
impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from
employment counts derived by the Bureau of Census from
its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts
of an establishment, such as central administrative offices
and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional
services, public utilities, and financial establishments,
whereas these are included in the BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics
in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP
excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage
is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads,
parochial schools, and churches, are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in the BLS
establishment statistics.

Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force,
and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of
the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed
description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods
Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current
Population Survey, BLS Report 463. Historical national data
are published in Labor Force Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey: A Databook, BLS Bulletin 2096.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent
the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
Inmates of institutions and persons under 16 years of age
are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and
are excluded from the population and labor force statistics
shown in this publication. Data on the members of the Armed
Forces stationed in the United States, who are included as
part of the categories ''noninstitutional population," "labor
force," and "total employment." are obtained from the
Department of Defense.
Each month about 55,800 occupied units are eligible for
interview. About 2,600 of these households are visited but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not
at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of
between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 55,800 occupied
units, there are 11,500 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The
rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be
common from one month to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month a year earlier.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those used since 1967 are
as follows:
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the survey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their
own business, profession, or on their own farm, or who
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise
operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who




were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which
they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor- management disputes, or personal reasons,
whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States are also included in the employed total.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around the house (painting,
repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for
religious, charitable, and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no employment during the survey week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to
find employment some time during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which
they had been laid off or were waiting to report to a new
job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for
work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment
represents the number of full weeks since the termination
of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or
more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of the
present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
median duration are computed from a distribution of single
weeks of unemployment.
Unemployment is also categorized according to the status
of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The
reasons for unemployment are divided into four major
groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work,
and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit
or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and
immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at afiill-timejob lasting 2 weeks
or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never
worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Each
of these four categories of the unemployed may be expressed
as an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian
labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made
119

specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week
period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include
those persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to
be called back to a job from which they had been laid off
or (b) were waiting to report to a new job within 30 days.
Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work,
including going to a public or private employment agency
or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other
method. Examples of the "other" category include being
on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from
a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor
pickup point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified
as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The labor force also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers represents
the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident
Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian
labor force participation rate is the ratio of the civilian labor
force to the civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor
force participation rates are usually published for sexage groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of
the noninstitutional population that is employed. The total
employment-population ratio is total employment, including
the resident Armed Forces, as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civilian employment-population ratio is the percentage of all employed civilians in the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as engaged in own home housework, in
school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The "other" group includes
individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work,
the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey
week fell in an off season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because they believed that no jobs were available in the area
or that no jobs were available for which they could qualify—
discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) are
also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a job at the
120




time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
published on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the
detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked
only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth
months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those
which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and
would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967
and 1969, these questions were asked in those households
entering the sample for the first time and those returning for
the second 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"
groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two
or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are classified according to their last full-time
job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications of occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS are
defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed
categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary
workers subdivided into private and government workers;
self-employed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips,
or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for
profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or
operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or
in a business operated by a member of the household to whom
they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, persons who
normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working
in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey
week are designated as working full time. Persons who
worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working
part time. Part-time workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full or part time) and by their
reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or noneconomic reasons). Economic reasons include:
Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of a job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. Noneconomic reasons include:
Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands
of home or school, no desire for full-time work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time
schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or
more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for noneconomic
reasons and usually work full time.
Data on employment "at work" differ from data on total
employment because they exclude persons in the zero-hours-

worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are
persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week
for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute.
Employed persons are also categorized into full- and parttime groupings based primarily on their usual status. In this
context, full-time workers are those who (a) worked 35 hours
or more during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours
for economic or noneconomic reasons, but usually work full
time, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work full time. Similarly, part-time workers are those who
(a) voluntarily worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week,
(b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually
work part time, i.e., persons who could only find part-time
work; and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work part time.
Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are
calculated using the concepts of tht fall- and part-time labor
force which are based on the type of job—full or part-time—
that persons—whether working or unemployed—report that
they want. The "full-time labor force" includes all persons
working part time but who desire full-time work, that is,
working part time for economic reasons. Thus, this category
consists of persons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarily working part time regardless of their usual status; and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The
"part-time labor force" consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work.
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost
to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming that;
(1) unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an
average of 37.5 hours, (2) those looking for part-time work
lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference
between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race
of workers. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
All tables in this publication which contain racial data, with
the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data
for the black population group. Because of their relatively
small sample size, data for "other" races are not published.
In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living
on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of
other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic ori-




gin may be of any race; thus they are included in both the
white and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and
May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women
are excluded. Nonveterans are men who never served in the
Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from responses
to the question ''How much does.. .USUALLY earn per week
at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime
pay, commissions, or tips usually received. The term
"usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked
during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary
workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who
usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values
above the median and the other having values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within
which each median falls.
Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status are terms used to define the marital status of
individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present,
applies to husband and wife if both were reported as members of the same household even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital,
etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married,
spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent, includes persons who are separated because of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart because
either the husband or the wife was employed and living away
from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had a different
place of residence for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing unit.
A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room
is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for
occupancy as separate living quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term
is never applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple
families but relates only to persons in families maintained
by either men or women without a spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons residing
together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all
such persons are considered as members of one family even
though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child group related by birth or marriage to the householder and sharing the living quarters. The

121

count of families used in this publication excludes unrelated
subfamilies such as lodgers, guests, or resident employees
living in a household but not related to the householder. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the
householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married,
spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all
those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which
the husband, wife, or other persons maintaining the family
is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in tracted
areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD's) in untracted
areas, in which 20 percent or more of the noninstitutional
residents were poor according to the 1980 decennial census.
Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by comparing
money income to a series of poverty income thresholds which
vary by family size and number of children. While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents, many poor persons live outside these areas, and conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total
of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA'S) as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 30,
1983. These definitions differ from those used in the 1980
decennial census. A detailed discussion of the MSA definitions as well as changes in terminology can be found in "The
New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 1980
Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas, PC-S1-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of the total territory outside MSA's.
The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,
comprises all jpersons living in urbanized areas and in places
of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas. More
specifically, the urban population consists of all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated
as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New
York), and towns (except in the New England States, New
York, and Wisconsin), but excluding those persons living
in the rural portions of extended cities; and (2) other territories, incorporated and unincorporated, included in urbanized
areas. The population not classified as urban constitutes the
rural population.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit
The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment was raised from 14 to 16
years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a detailed
discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced
at that time, including estimates of their effect on the various series, see "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment," Employment and Earnings and Monthly
122




Report on the Labor Force, February 1967.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there are
several other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (l)Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by about
350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and men;
other categories were relatively unaffected. (2) Beginning in
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000
in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3) Beginning in 1962, the introduction of
data from the 1960 census reduced the population by about
50,000 and labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4) Beginning
in 1972, information from the 1970 census was introduced
into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by
about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were
raised by a little more than 300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent
population adjustment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment, which affected
the white and black-and-other groups but had little effect on
totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the
black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white
labor force was reduced by 150,000, and the black-and-other
labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the methodology
used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an inflation-deflation
approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had
little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and
over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from InflationDeflation Method of Estimation", in the February 1974
issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons
16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
men and 46,000 women. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in
the other population.
Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures
resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the civilian labor

force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates
were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural
changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978"
in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was
determined by the household respondent for the incoming
rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October
1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the
sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that the entire sample had race determined by the household respondent. The
new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio estimation
method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the
total United States. The reasoning behind the change and an
indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect
on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear
in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of Employment
and Earnings. In addition, current population estimates used
in the second-stage estimation procedure were derived
from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases
in total population and estimates of persons in all labor force
categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however,
remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used is also described in the
February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not,
however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between
1972 and 1979 that are described above, and data users
should make allowances for them in making certain data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment
methodology was updated to account for results obtained
from the 1980 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February
1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only
slight differences between the old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics
and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.
Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS
estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the first
and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite




estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in
the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes
and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation
Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most
estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons
of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were revised back to
January 1980.
Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and
an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreign-born residents for the same time period. As a
result, the total civilian population and labor force estimates
were raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000
and 305,000, respectively, and civilian employment by
270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data have been revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on estimates of
labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this
publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were
introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected
in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire
in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisions of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
tfte Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment and
Earnings.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from those
developed for the 1970 census, which were used in the CPS
from January 1971 through December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved
123

from the Standard Occuptional Classification system (SOC).
While the CPS occupational data are now comparable with
other data sources, the new system is so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers". Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification
system (SIC), as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new
system had a much less adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm
equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal
service from "public administration" to "transportation",
and some interchange between "professional and related
services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational
and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in the sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these
changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the
sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is
to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of sample areas
and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation plan was introduced, in
which a sample unit is interviewed for 4 months, leaves the
sample for 8 months, and then returns to the sample for
another 4 months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to account for
the population in these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from census address
lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous
cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster
of four housing units. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable
annual average estimates for States, was incorporated into
the design. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample, composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and
600,000 new construction housing units, was included in
computing the estimates in order to provide coverage of mo124




bile homes and new construction units that previously had
no chance for selection in the CPS sample selected from the
1970 census frame. In January 1980, another supplemental
sample of 9,000 households selected in 32 States and the District of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. Beginning in January 1982, the sample was expanded
by 100 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information rather than 1970 census
information. The selection of new sample areas provided an
opportunity to improve the efficiency of the sample design.
Sample areas chosen to replace incoming sample areas account
for only 10 percent of the national estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted in increased reliability for State estimates with
a slightly reduced sample size. Sample households are chosen
from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973 geographic areas
in the United States. This current number of sample areas is
not completely comparable to the old number of sample areas
since many of the sample areas have been redefined. (See pp.
7-10 of the May 1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for
an overview of these new definitions and the introduction of
the new sample.) A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was implemented in April 1988.
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS
sample design in use during the different data collection
periods. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in the Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey,
Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons
within the same State have the same probability of selection.
These estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations
of similar sample areas that are not necessarily contained
within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within

Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period

Number of sample
areas

Households eligible
Interviewed

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 .
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 .
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 .
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966 .
Jan. 1967 to July 1971 .
Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977 .
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 .
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984 .
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988 .
Apr. 1988 to present.

68
230
330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
1

21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200

Households visited but
not eligible

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage
in each State and the District of Columbia

2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and
Hawaii after statehood.

each combination of sample areas there is a further breakdown by residence. MSA sample areas are categorized by
"central city" and "balance of the MSA". Residence
categories of non-MSA areas are "urban" and "rural". The
proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from
4 to 5 percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.

further reduce variability of the estimates and to correct to some
extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial census, is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the sample
estimates are adjusted within each State and the District of
Columbia to an independent control for the population 16
years and over. The second step involves an adjustment by
Hispanic origin to a national estimate for eight age-sex
categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the third step,
a national adjustment is made by the race categories of white,
black, and other races to independent estimates by age and
sex. The white and black categories contain 32 age-sex
groups each; the other races category has 6 age-sex cells.
The entire second-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six
times, each time beginning at the weights developed the
previous time. This ensures that the sample estimates of the
population for both State and national age-sex-race-origin
categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure
incorporates changes instituted in January 1985. The nature
and effect of these changes are discussed in detail in
"Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February
1985 issue of Employment and Earnings.
The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of
the trend in the growth of this segment of the population using the two most recent July 1 estimates, adjusted as a last
step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this group.
State estimates by age for July 1 are published annually in
Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description
of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 957 of that series. A description of the age estimates
methodology is available in Report 1010 of that series.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control for
Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimated Hispanic births
and immigrants and subtracting estimated Hispanic deaths

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that
of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age,
race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey
estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of
ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the
729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas not in
the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only
themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was
designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from
requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas which
represent only themselves. The adjustment is made at the
State level for each of the 43 States which contain nonsample areas by race cells of black and non-black. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell at the
time of the 1980 census between the race distribution of the
population in sample areas and the known race distribution
of the State.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample
proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to
the distribution of independent current estimates of the
civilian noninstitutional population in the same categories.
The second-stage ratio adjustment, which is performed to




125

and emigrants to yield an estimate of the Hispanic population
by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December 1984,
the "inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued
in the preparation of the independent national controls used for
the age-sex-race groups in the third step of the second-stage
ratio estimation procedure. These controls were prepared by
carrying forward the 1980 census data after taking account of
subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and net
migration and then subtracting the estimate for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1985,
the ' 'inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent population controls was reintroduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the "inflation-deflation" method, the independent
controls are prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to
include estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, aging this
population forward to each subsequent month and later age by
adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These
post-censal population estimates are then deflated to census level
to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. Because an estimate of undercount
is first added and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex
group is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method. Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age structure
of the undercount, but not the level. This feature of the method
is important since the exact amount of undercount in the 1980
census remains unknown.
Data on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and the
estimate date are based on tabulations of vital statistics for the
resident population made by the National Center for Health
Statistics and data on deaths of military personnel overseas from
the Department of Defense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are based on data provided by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service, the Department of Defense, the Office
of Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board.
The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the
estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas.
The institutional population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived from the 1980 census to the total
population, including Armed Forces overseas for the estimate
date. All computations described above are performed in cells
defined by single year of age, race, and sex. The independent
national control totals are then obtained by collapsing these cells
into broader age groups for the population 16 years and older.
Beginning in January 1986, two changes were introduced
into the estimation of the independent population controls. For
the first time, an explicit allowance for net undocumented immigration since April 1, 1980 (the census date) was added to
the estimated level of legal immigration. In addition, an increase in the estimate of emigration of legal foreign-born residents has been incorporated into the postcensal population
estimates since 1980. The nature and effect of these changes
are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January
1986" in the February 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings.
126




3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a
given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which
takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent), as well as the sample
results for the current month. Also included is an additional
term which is an estimate of the net difference between incoming and continuing parts of the current month's sample. Almost
all estimates of month-to-month change are improved by this
procedure, and most estimates of level are also improved, but
to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding
of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly,
sums of percent distributions may not always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
measure any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify
some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS , as discussed
below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by
the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases
in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall
information, errors made in collection such as in recording or
coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made
in estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent
all sample households and all persons within sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate,
among other things, that the data published from the CPS are
subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS
reinterview program and some of the other results may be found
in the Current Population Survey Reinterview Program,

January 1961 Through December 1966, Technical Paper No.
19, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies
by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in
"The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From
Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March
1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage
is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage
varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally,
undercoverage is larger for men than for women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races combined than for
whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-raceHispanic origin population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-Hispanic origin group. Further, the independent population controls used
have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and
Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of error and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure
of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs
by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, ranges
that would include the average of all possible samples with
a known probability. For example, if all possible samples
were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the
same general conditions and using the same sample design,
and an estimate and its estimated error were calculated from *
each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6




standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average of all possible
samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2
standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be prepared
at a moderate cost, a number of approximations are required.
First, the standard errors in this volume reflect the sample
design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may
slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present
design. Second, instead of computing an individual standard
error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors
are computed for various types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard errors.
Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided give an
indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error
of an estimate rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for
major employment status characteristics for monthly estimates and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors
for monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated
totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and
month-to-month change for percentages. Standard errors for
intermediate values not shown in the table may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely
related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the
size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-tomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it
is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard errors
for month-to-month change apply only to estimates of change
between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with tables D, F, H, and I to
compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor force
participation rates, and percentages as pertaining to the yearto-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes in
quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive
quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample
size. For years prior to 1956, the standard errors should be
multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66 period they should
be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard
127

Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(in thousands)
Standard error of—

Employment status, sex,
age, and race

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed .

Monthly
level

Month-tomonth
change
(consecutive
months only)

275
293
136

212
224
140

173
186
93

151
163
95

211
212
83

155
160
87

88
92
59

94
102
66

94
104
68

73
79
71

59
64
44

51
57
47

76
76
45

50
54
48

36
33
30

40
38
33

errors for quarterly estimates of persons and families for use
with the CPS earnings data.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for
month-to-month change. The figures given in these tables
are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000,
an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table D shows that the
standard error on an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 174,000.
The 68-percent confidence interval as shown by these data
is from 11,826,000 to 12,174,000. Therefore, a conclusion
that the average estimate derived from all possible samples
lies within a range computed in this way would be correct
for roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is primarily
dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using
linear interpolation in the first column of table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000, when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000, is about 129,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability
of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and
denominator, depends upon both the size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage is
based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more

Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—
Characteristic

Characteristic
Monthly level

Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and over.
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
White workers.
Black workers
Married men, spouse present...
Married women, spouse present.
Full-time workers .
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over .

0.11
.15
.16
.67
.11
.51
.15
.19
.12
.34
.06

Consecutivemonth change
0.12
.15
.17
.81
.12
.54
.17
.21
.12
.42
.07

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial . .
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support.
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical . .
Private household .
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective.

128




Standard error of—

.22
.19
.47
.29
.23
1.18
.76

.24
.21
.52
.33
.26
1.33
.85

.39

.43

Monthly level

Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair.
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing .

Consecutivemonth change

0.32

0.36

.49
.59

.55
.66

.72
.68

.82
.76

.12
1.63
.65
.26
.33
.42

.13
1.86
.75
.29
.37
.47

.42
.27
.20
.23
1.16

.48
.30
.22
.25
1.32

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers .
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing . . .
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade .
Finance and services.
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers.

reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator
of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than
75,000, the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or
the annual average base is less than 35,000.
Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for unemployment
rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained through the use of the standard errors
in table H and the factors in table I. First, obtain the standard error from table H for the specific percentage and base.
The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table H by the appropriate
factor from table I. When the numerator and denominator
of the percentage are in different categories, use the factor
indicated by the numerator of the percentage.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month 2.9 percent of a
total of 112,440,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 2.9 percent with
a base of 112,440,000 is obtained from table H (0.08 percent).
The appropriate factor from table I for the numerator of the
percentage, agricultural employment, is 1.26. The generalized
standard error on the estimated 2.9 percent is then approximately 0.08 x 1.26 = 0.10 percentage point.

Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages, and changes in yearly averages. The approximate
standard errors of levels, rates, and percentages involving
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using table
J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for
estimates of change are more closely related to the level of
the estimate than to the size of the specific change. Thus,
to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an average level,
rate, or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate,
or percentage, it is first necessary to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate,
or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate, or percentage, find the
standard error of the average of the two estimates affecting
the change. Then, after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from
table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.
Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the year-to-year
change of a monthly unemployment rate. Assume that for
a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.2 percent, based
on a total of 119,865,000 in the civilian labor force, and that

Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(in thousands)
(Characteristic1
Unemployment

Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment

Estimated monthly level
Agricultural
employment

50 ..
100 .
500 ..
1,000.
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000
100,000.
120,000.
140,000.

15
21
47
66
93
131
159
182
202

Total or
white

Black

Total or
white

Black

11
16
36
51
72
101
123
141
156
188
213
_

12
17
38
53
73
97
110
116
-

12
17
37
52
74
104
126
145
161
193
219
259
286
306
319
326
327
314
274
195

12
17
37
51
70
92
104
109
108
74

1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error




Totril or
Total or
white men Black men
Black,
16
to
white, 16 to
only, or
only, or
19 years
19 years
women only women only
12
17
36
50
68
86
92
88
72

12
16
32
35

11
15
34
49
68
95
115
132
145
172
191
215
225
222
206
172
107

10
14
31
43
58
73
76
69
47

of the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.

129

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment

Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Total or white

50..
100.
500. .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 . .
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
1
2

13
18
40
56
78
108
129
144
157
177
184

Both sexes 16
to 19 years,
or part-time
labor force2
14
20
45
63
89
124
150
-

Black

13
19
41
57
76
95
99
89
58
_

See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentering

a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 7.0 percent,
based on a total of 117,834,000 in the civilian labor force
for the month. First, the standard error on the average of
the two estimates, 6.6 percent with a base of 118,850,000,
is obtained from table F (0.11 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate
standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given
by 0.11 x 1.40 = 0.15 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving yearto-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using
table K in conjunction with the following formula:
Standard
error of
year-to-year
change =

//Stand-\
/standA
/ [ ard I
I ard I
f I error I + \ error #-2(P)
\
x/
\
y /

Black, 16 to
Total or white
19 years

14
20
38
41

130




Total or white, Black, 16 to
19 years
16 to 19 years

14
20
43
59
80
100
104
94
65

9
12
27
38
52
68
78
82
81
59
-

_

14
19
37
39
_

•

the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of
unemployment.

lation between the estimates X and Y resulting from the
presence of some of the same respondents in the sample for
each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, the values of P are 0.30 for persons (total,
white, and black) and 0.35 for families (total, white, and
black). The respective values for estimates of Hispanics are
0.45 and 0.55.
Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number of
women employed as full-time wage and salary workers was
27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year later, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Using linear interpolation
in the eighth column of table K, the standard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000; for 29,000,000 it is
221,000. Using the above formula, the standard error of the
2,000,000 year-to-year change is:

(216,000)2

X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the estimate for
another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a measure of the corre-

9
12
27
39
55
77
93
107
119
143
163
192
213
228
238
244
245
237
212
160

Black

+

or about 259,000.

(221,000)2

-2(.30)

(216,000)

(221,000),

Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50 ..
100.
500 . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000
140,000

2.28
1.61
.72
.51
.36
.25
.21
.16
.11
.07
.05
.05
.04

2

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

50

3.20
2.26
1.01
.72
.51
.36
.29
.23
.16
.09
.07
.07
.06

4.98
3.52
1.58
1.11
.79
.56
.45
.35
.25
.14
.11
.10
.09

6.85
4.84
2.16
1.53
1.08
.11
.62
.48
.34
.20
.15
.14
.13

8.13
5.75
2.57
1.82
1.29
.91
.74
.58
.41
.24
.18
.17
.15

9.09
6.43
2.88
2.03
1.44
1.02
.83
.64
.45
.26
.20
.19
.17

9.82
6.94
3.11
2.20
1.55
1.10
.90
.69
.49
.28
.22
.20
.19

10.36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16
.95
.73
.52
.30
.23
.21
.20

10.75
7.60
3.40
2.40
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.31
.24
.22
.21

11.12
7.87
3.52
2.49
1.76
1.24
1.02
.79
.56
.32
.25
.23
.21

35

50

Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
2.53
1.79
.80
.57
.40
.28
.23
.18
.13
.07
.06
.05
.05

50. .
100.
500 ..
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000
140,000

2

5

10

15

20

25

30

3.57
2.52
1.13
.80
.56
.40
.33
.25
.18
.10
.08
.07
.07

5.60
3.96
1.77
1.25
.88
.63
.51
.39
.28
.16
.12
.11
.10

7.83
5.53
2.47
1.75
1.23
.87
.71
.55
.38
.21
.15
.14

9.47
6.69
2.99
2.11
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.46
.24
.17
.15

10.79
7.63
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.97
.75
.51
.27
.18

11.91
8.42
3.76
2.65
1.87
1.32
1.07
.82
.56
.28
-

12.87
9.10
4.06
2.87
2.02
1.42
1.15
.88
.60

13.71
9.69
4.33
3.05
2.15
1.51
1.22
.93
.62

15.67
11.08
4.94
3.48
2.44
1.70
1.37
1.03

Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor force data
Percentage of monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(in thousands)
50 ..
100.
500 . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
10,000 .
20,000 .
40,000 .
60,000 .
80,000 .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
160,000

,

1 or 99

2 or 98

5 or 95

10 or 90

15 or 85

20 or 80

2.34
1.65
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.17
.12
.08
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04
.04

3.29
2.33
1.04
.74
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.12
.10
.08
.07
.07
.06
.06

5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.26
.18
.15
.13
.11
.10
.10
.09

7.05
4.99
2.23
1.58
1.12
.79
.64
.50
.35
.25
.20
.18
.16
.14
.13
.12

8.39
5.94
2.65
1.88
1.33
.94
.11
.59
.42
.30
.24
.21
.19
.17
.16
.15

9.40
6.65
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.47
.33
.27
.24
.21
.19
.18
.17

25 or 75
10.18
7.20
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.72
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.21
.19
.18

30 or 70 35 or 65
10.77
7.62
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.38
.31
.27
.24
.22
.20
.19

11.21
7.93
3.55
2.51
1.77
1.25
1.02
.79
.56
.40
.32
.28
.25
.23
.21
.20

50
11.75
8.31
3.72
2.63
1.86
1.31
1.07
.83
.59
.42
.34
.29
.26
.24
.22
.21

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in
table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific characteristic.




131

Table I. Factors to be used with table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change in percentages
Factor

Factor
Characteristic

Characteristic

Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force.
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total
Men only.
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Part-time labor force.

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.26
1.26

1.05
1.50
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18

1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.01

1.21

.97
.97

1.08
1.21

1.04
1.04

1.13
1.24

Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

Table J. Factors to be used with tables D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages,
and change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.40

0.89
.83
.74

0.80
.80
.80

0.72
.58
.46

0.70
.70
.70

1.30
1.30
1.40

.88
.82
.74

.88
.88
.88

.67
.57
.46

.70
.70
.60

1.40
1.40

.76
.69

.88
.88

.50
.39

.65
.54

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time.
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time.
Unemployment:
Total . . . .
Part time .

132




Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly levels, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Women

Men

Total
Estimated quarterly level

Total or full-time workers

Total or full-time workers
Part-time
workers

10 .
50 .
75 .
100 .
150 .
200 .
250 .
300 .
500 .
750 ..
1,000 .
1,500 .
2,000 .
2,500 .
3,000 .
5,000 .
7,500 . .
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
25,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
75,000
100,000




5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
76
83
107
130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343

Total or
white
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85
93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255

Part-time
workers
Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102
102

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
233
-

Total

White

Black

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201
160
160
-

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174
100

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50
59
65
69
71
64
64

Total, full-time, or
part-time workers
Total or
white
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242
249
-

Black
5
11
13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85
88

133

Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment and hours and earnings in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Historical statistics are published in Employment, Hours, and
Earnings, United States, 1909-84, and Employment, Hours,
and Earnings, States and Areas, 1939-82 and their supplements.

industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation and for States and areas are classified in accordance with
the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SICM),
Office of Management and Budget. The BLS tabulates and
estimates statistics which distinguish between private and
public establishments, thus maintaining continuity with previously published statistics for the private and government
sector.

Federal-State cooperation

Industry employment

Under cooperative arrangements, responding establishments report employment, hours, and earnings data to State
agencies. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments
and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the reported data to prepare State
and area series and also send the reported data to the BLS
(Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series. This avoids a duplicate reporting burden on establishments, and, together with the use of similar estimating
techniques at the national and State levels, promotes increased
comparability between estimates.

Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received
pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month.
Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency also
are excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is ^received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave
without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were
hired but have not yet reported during the period.
Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees
on nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure the percent of industries which posted increases in employment over
the specified time span. The indexes are calculated from 185
seasonally adjusted employment series (two-digit nonmanufacturing industries and three-digit manufacturing industries) covering all nonagricultural payroll employment in
the private sector. A more detailed discussion of these indexes appears in "Introduction of Diffusion Indexes," in the
December 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings.

Shuttle schedules
Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each
month so that the next month's data can be entered on the
space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting,
since the respondent can see the figures that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, employment, payroll, and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
Since January 1980, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports
filed by employers. For an establishment making more than
one product or engaging in more than one activity* the entire employment of the establishment is included under the
134




Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.

ent from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled
hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further
reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.

Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing,
assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance,
repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant),
recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the
above production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in
the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified
craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers,
etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair,
maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting
and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the
construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services are
closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union
dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation,
and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless
earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not
earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips;
and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in
kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and
other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,
paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month for production, construction,
or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received
directly from the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because
the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either
the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay
period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and
holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were
paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable
factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They
also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers'
earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups
and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly
earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.

Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is differ-

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage
payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft




Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate
weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's
aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1977.
For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product
of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry
aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component
aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month to month; for example, overtime
premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time
workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse
trends at the industry group level also may be caused by a
marked change in hours for a component industry where little
or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current
months. In addition, such factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence
on overtime hours as on average hours.

135

(sic 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (sic 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods
apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments
are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to
calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in sic 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and
cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the
payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the
payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated
portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum
amount to account for persons who received the payment but
left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly
earnings, excluding overtime premium pay, are computed
by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are
based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC
group I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly
earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total
hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly
basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also
by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not
paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-time trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force. For
example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of
part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries
and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
136




Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the establishment statistics are (1) the use
of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio
estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels
to new benchmarks; and (3) the use of size and regional
stratification.
The "link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of currentmonth employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and
nonproduction workers together) for the current month are
obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month
by these link relatives. In addition, bias correction factors
are applied to selected employment estimates each month.
The size of the bias correction factors is determined from
past benchmark comparisons. Beginning with data for April
1983, these factors are modified by changes in the sample
link relatives for the most recent quarter. Other features of
the general procedures are described in table L.
Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and
earnings for aggregation into broader industry groupings.
Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment,
hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a whole
industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with
benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the
various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1987 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State
unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover about
98 percent of employees on nonagricultural payrolls in the
United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained

Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)

Monthly data
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by
ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments
which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by
(1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to
all employees in sample establishments for current
month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates,
or estimates of women employees, for component cells.

Average weekly hours .

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by
number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours.

Production worker overtime hours divided by number
of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of
the average weekly overtime hours for component cells.

Average hourly earnings .

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

All employees.

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees.

Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers .

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Average weekly hours .

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average
weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment

Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Average weekly overtime hours.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production
worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production
workers divided by annual sum of employment for
these workers.

Average hourly earnings .

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly
hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annua
aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Average weekly earnings.

• The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed
enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by




a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and,
at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

137

from the records of the Social Security Administration, the
Interstate Commerce Commmission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with
new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are
necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new benchmark and
the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month
by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the
benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the
sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in
the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions
made at the time of the March 1987 benchmark adjustment
is shown in table M.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been adjusted are subject to revision. Revised data
are published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is
known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional
to the average size of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty.
The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost
considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high
proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively
few establishments, a larger percent of total employment is
included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large
establishments, with only a few chosen from among the
smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is

in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources,
it is necessary to design samples for these industries with
a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case
for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show
less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than
do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller
samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS establishment survey program,
with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost,
a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of
a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to
produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after the reference period, and, at a somewhat later date,
statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table N shows the approximate proportion of
total employment in each industry division covered by the
group of establishments furnishing monthly employment
data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions shown.
Table N. Approximate size andI coverage of BLS employment
and payrolls sample, March 19871

Industry

Total .

Table M. Comparison of nonagricultural employment
benchmarks and estimates for March 1987
Industry

Total.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services . . .
Government .
1

Less than 0.05 percent.

138




Benchmark

Estimate

Percent
difference

100,427

100,462

(1)

696
4,531
18,810

718
4,599
18,897

-3.2
-1.5
-.5

5,274
5,763
17,902

5,275
5,725
17,737

(1)
.7
.9

6,443
23,754
17,254

6,478
23,723
17,310

-.5
.1
-.3

Mining
Construction .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services....
Government:
Federal
State .
Local.

Number
of establishments
in sample

Employees
Number
reported

246,256 37,530,000

Percent of
total
37

3,434
22,567
49,214
11,820
21,802
44,982

265,000
808,000
9,522,000
2,377,000
956,000
3,509,000

38
18
51
45
17
20

17,699
54,782

2,140,000
5,495,000

33
23

(2)
4,795
15,161

2,916,000
3,298,000
6,244,000

100
81
61

1
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Since not all establishments
report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based
on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
Total Federal employment counts for use in national estimates are provided
to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for
the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a sample of 4,600 reports covering about 55 percent of employment in Federal establishments.

Reliability
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the
same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the
previous section, a link relative technique is used to estimate
employment. This requires the use of the previous month's
estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated
error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new
benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates
for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which
are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are
adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed
industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes
in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presents
the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of
individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau
upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating cells
are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however,
are subject to sampling errors, which may be expressed as
Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)

Industry

Average
Relative
benchmark
revision in
estimates Average
of employ- weekly
ment1
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

0.2

Total
Total private.
Mining . . . .
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services . . .
Government3

error2

. .

.2
2.9
1.4
.8
.9
.8
.3
.8
.9
.3
.2
.5

0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.2
.2
.4
-

0.2
1.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.6
.4
.4
.4
.6
-

• The average percent revision in employment for the 1983-87 benchmarks.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a sample of State
and local government reports.
2

relative errors of the estimate. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative
errors for major industries are presented in table O and for
individual industries with the specified number of employees
in table P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours
and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a
smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages
that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error
(RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for
the bias in estimates:
RMSE =

\ / (standard deviation)2

+

(bias)2

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark
by less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are
about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice
the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between
final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in
the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have
been received. Table Q presents root-mean-square errors of
the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the
preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary
and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary
hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than
0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly
earnings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, and earnings data are
collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas.
Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings

Size of employment estimate

50,000 .
100,000 .
200,000 .
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000

Relative error2
(in percent)

Rootmeansquare
error of
employment
estimates1

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

2,100
3,900
5,600
14,000
15,000
26,000

2.2
1.3
1.1
.9
.8
.5

4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9

3




1
2

Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.

139

Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue
of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may
be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same

establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may
differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification.

Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error
of—

Root-mean-square error
of—
Industry

Monthly
level

Total .

89,600

89,100

Total private .

62,700

60,000

Goods-producing industries.

22,400

20,800

Mining
Oil and gas extraction .

4,700
4,000

4,400
3,400

Construction
General building contractors.

14,800
5,000

15,700
5,200

Manufacturing .

19,200

19,300

14,400
2,300
1,700
1,600
4,700

12,700
2,100
1,700
1,600
4,700

3,600
2,500
6,000
5,100
8,100
7,000
2,000
1,900

3,400
2,300
7,300
5,100
7,400
7,000
2,200
1,800

8,900
5,600
1,600
1,800

8,500
5,700
1,500
1,700

4,700
1,600
2,200

4,100
1,400
2,100

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic
steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical . . . .
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment.
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing . . .
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products.
Tobacco manufactures .
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile
products
Paper and allied products .
Printing and publishing .

Industry

Month-to-month
change

Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products . .
Petroleum and coal products . .
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products . .




Month-to-month
change

2,700
1,200

2,900
1,100

1,600
1,800

1,700
1,700

86,300

85,700

15,500
17,800

13,900
17,300

6,800

6,400

9,400
6,100
5,400

8,200
5,500
4,600

40,700
23,900
6,900

36,100
21,400
6,200

3,300
10,900

3,200
10,300

8,400
4,000
3,800
4,800

7,500
3,900
3,100
3,800

Services
Business services.
Health services.

34,700
11,000
10,300

31,700
10,500
10,100

Government.
Federal.
State.
Local .

62,800
16,900
22,600
34,900

54,500
11,700
20,600
32,400

Service-producing industries.
Transportation and public utilities . .
Transportation
Communication and public
utilities.
Wholesale trade.
Durable g o o d s . . . .
Nondurable goods.
Retail trade
General merchandise stores .
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
Eating and drinking places .
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance . .
Insurance . .
Real estate.

NOTE: Data are based on differences from December 1982 through December 1987.

140

Monthly
level

Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION
Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of compensation and gross national product supplied by the U.S.
Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board.
CONCEPTS
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employeesproduction workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried
workers.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final goods
and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output
per hour of all persons measure changes in the volume of
goods and services produced per paid hour of labor input.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance
and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate
of wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which
there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer
Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlaborpayments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are com-

puted by subtracting compensation of all persons from the
current-dollar gross national product and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the constant-dollar
estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index for
gross product of the sector reported.
NOTES ON THE DATA
For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the gross domestic product less households and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and the
statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic product of nonfinancial corporate business.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the
Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates
of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hours data are from the
Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81, BLS
Bulletin 2178. Additional information may be obtained from
the Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523-9261).

State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment
security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program.
The local unemployment estimates which are derived from
standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis of
determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal
programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act and the
Public Works and Economic Development Act.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown in table D are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the
May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas,
and central cities, annual average data classified by selected
demographic, social, and economic characteristics are




published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force and unemployment estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and
may be ordered from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. The
report ''Employment and Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly through GPO and is available on microfiche only on a subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
The civilian labor force and unemployment estimates in
11 large States: New York, California, Illinois, Ohio, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Texas, Massachusetts,
141

North Carolina, and Florida are sufficiently reliable to be
used directly from the CPS. For a description of the CPS concepts, see "Household Data," above.
Monthly labor force and unemployment estimates in the
remaining 39 States, the District of Columbia, and over 2,600
labor market areas are prepared in several stages. The civilian
labor force is the sum of the employment and unemployment
levels, which are estimated in accordance with the BLS
Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment Statistics.
1. Preliminary estimate—employment: The total civilian employment estimate is based on data from the survey of establishments which produces an estimate of payroll
employment. This place-of-work estimate must be adjusted
to refer to place of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for
adjusting from place of work to place of residence have been
developed for the several categories of employment on the
basis of employment relationships which existed at the time
of the 1980 decennial census. These factors are applied to
the payroll employment estimates for the current period to
obtain adjusted employment estimates to which are added
estimates for employment not covered by unemployment insurance (ui).
2. Preliminary estimate—unemployment: In the current
month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the
estimates for each of three categories: (1) Persons who were
previously employed in industries covered by State ui laws;
(2) those previously employed in industries not covered by
these laws; and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor
force for the first time or reentering after a period of separation. This is referred to below as the ui-based estimate.
An estimate for those previously employed in covered industries is derived from a count of current employment insurance claimants, plus estimates of claimants whose benefits
have been exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving benefits for nonmonetary reasons (because they quit, were
discharged for cause, etc., but would otherwise have been
eligible), and persons who either filed claims late or not at all.
The estimate of those previously employed in industries
not covered by ui is derived by applying to the employment
estimate for each noncovered industry or class of worker subgroup in the State, the ratio of covered unemployment to covered employment weighted by factors reflecting national
historical relationships.
For the third category, new entrants and reentrants into
the labor force, a composite estimate is developed from equations that relate the total entrants into the labor force to the
experienced unemployed and the experienced labor force.
For each month, the estimate of entrants into the labor force

142




is a function of: (a) the month of the year; (b) the level of
the experienced unemployed; (c) the level of the experienced
labor force; and (d) the proportion of the working age population that is considered "youth."
3. Monthly reconciliation with the CPS. Each month correction factors for employment and unemployment are applied
at the State level to the ui-based estimates obtained above
for each of the 39 States and the District of Columbia. These
correction factors are based on the ratio of the CPS to the
ui-based estimates for the 6-month period ending in the current month (e.g., a 6-month moving average). The adjustment is necessary because the State-prepared estimates are
not as reliable as the CPS data due to differences in the State
UI laws, the structural limitations of the Ui-based estimating method, and errors in the UI data.
4. Substate adjustment for additivity. Independent estimates
of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State
(obtained directly from the CPS in the 11 large States or by
the ui-based method in the remaining States), and labor market areas (LMA's) within the State. The total of the geographic areas in the LMA's exhausts the geographic boundaries of
the State. A proportional adjustment is applied to all substate LMA estimates to ensure that the sub-State estimates of
employment and unemployment add to the independent State
totals.
5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year,
monthly estimates prepared by the State employment security agencies using Ui-based estimating procedures are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average CPS
estimates for the 39 States and the District of Columbia for
which monthly CPS estimates are not used directly. This adjustment is made because the State-prepared monthly estimates are not as reliable as the CPS annual averages due to
the limitations of the 6-month moving averge adjustment
procedure. Revisions to the inputs used in the Ui-based estimates are also made at the time of the annual benchmark.
The State wide benchmarked estimates are produced in
three stages. First the monthly ui-based estimates are adjusted by the ratio of the CPS to the ui-based annual averages.
Second, the difference between the ratio of annual averages
for two consecutive years is wedged into the monthly estimates in order to minimize the disturbance to the original
series. Finally, the third-stage estimates are forced into agreement with CPS annual averages. In the 11 States for which
CPS estimates are used monthly, no benchmark correction
is required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates will equal CPS annual averages.

Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these
seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated
by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other
nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes
in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that
seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which they
are based, since they are subject not only to sampling and
other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the
seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data are
published regularly in Employment and Earnings.
The seasonal adjustment program used for these series is
an adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving-average
method. It provides for ''moving" adjustment factors to take
account of changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the method is given in The X-ll Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal Adjustment Program, Technical
Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Census (1967).
Beginning in January 1980, BLS introduced two major
modifications in the seasonal adjustment methodology for
data from the household survey. First, the data are being
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA,
which was developed at Statistics Canada as an extension
of the existing standard X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears in The X-II ARIMA Seasonal
Adjustment Method, by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E, January 1983. The X-ll procedure was originally developed at the Bureau of the Census
and had been used by the BLS to seasonally adjust labor force
series since 1973. Tests have shown that use of the X-ll
ARIMA procedure, which places more emphasis on recent
data, provides better seasonal adjustments than does the X-ll
method alone.
The second change is that seasonal adjustment factors are
calculated for use during the first 6 months of the year rather
than for the entire year. In July of each year, BLS calculates
and publishes in Employment and Earnings a set of seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are made at the beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census population counts,
revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982 were
carried back to 1970.




All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force
components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are
separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is the sum of eight
seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus
the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components;
the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment
by the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will
not necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force
series based on the experience through December, new
seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian
unemployment rate for the first 6 months of the following
year, and a description of the current seasonal adjustment
methodology are published in each January issue of Employment and Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the revision period for a broader range of labor force
series are published in the February issue of this publication.
Beginning in July 1980, the BLS also uses the X-l 1 ARIMA
methodology in seasonally adjusting the establishment data,
which previously had been computed using the BLS Seasonal
Factor Method. All series are seasonally adjusted using the
multiplicative models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors used in calculating the current year's estimates
are based on actual data through March 1988 and projected
data through March 1989. The ARIMA model options for
projecting the data series for 1 year ahead have been used
in seasonally adjusting the establishment series since June
1981.
Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted totals for most of these
series are then obtained by taking a weighted average of the
seasonally adjusted data for the component series. Seasonally
adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted
average weekly hours.
Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by dividing average weekly earnings,
seasonally adjusted, by the seasonally adjusted Consumer
Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
(CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying
average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production
143

or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1977 base. For total private, total goodsproducing, total private service-producing, wholesale trade,
retail trade, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable
goods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate
weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1977 base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series are used
in the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted series, however.
Beginning in June 1983, seasonal adjustment factors for
Federal Government employment are derived from unadjust-

144




ed data which include Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. In earlier years the number
of these workers was substantial, and at times varied greatly from year to year, based on administrative decisions of
the Postal Service. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude this group from the unadjusted data upon which the
seasonal adjustment factors were based. In the past several
years, the number of these workers has decreased to the point
where their presence has no impact on seasonal adjustment.
Temporary census takers for the 1980 decennial census are
removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government employment.
The revised seasonally adjusted series for the establishment data reflect experience through March 1988. Seasonal
adjustment factors to be used for current adjustment appear
in the June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings.

U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
REGION I - BOSTON
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Building
Suite 1603
Boston, MA 02203

REGION V - CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604

REGION II - NEW YORK
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014

REGION VI - DALLAS
Room 221
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202

REGION III - PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101

REGIONS VII and VIII - KANSAS CITY
15th Floor
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, MO 64106

REGION IV - ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE.
Atlanta, GA 30367

REGIONS IX and X - SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 3766
San Francisco, CA 94119

COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES

Current Employment Statistics Program (CES), and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program
(LA US)
BLS
Region
IV
X
IX
VI
IX
VIII
I
III
III

ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DIST. OF COL.

IV FLORIDA
IV
IX
X
V
V
VII
VII
IV
VI
I
III
I
V
V
IV
VII
VIII
VII
IX
I
II
VI
II
IV
VIII
V
VI

GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA

X OREGON
III PENNSYLVANIA
II PUERTO RICO
I
IV
VIII
IV
VI
VIII
I
III
II
X
III

RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
VIRGIN ISLANDS
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA

V WISCONSIN
VIII WYOMING




-Research and Statistics Div., Depart, of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Room 427, Montgomery 36130
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-Employment Data and Research Div., Employment Development Depart., P.O. Box 1679, Sacramento 95808.
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-Employment Security Division, 10 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 46204
-Department of Job Service, 1000 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
-Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka Avenue, Topeka 66603
-Department for Employment Services, Cabinet for Human Resources, 275 E. Main Street, Frankfort 40621
-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 44094, Capitol Station, Baton Rouge 70804
-Division of Research and Analysis, Department of Labor, 20 Union Street, Augusta 04330
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-Division of Employment Security, Charles F. Hurley Building, Government Center, Boston 02114
-Research and Statistics Division, Employment Security Commission, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
-Department of Jobs and Training, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101
-Labor Market Information Department, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 39215-1699
-Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson City 65104
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-Division of Planning and Research, Department of Labor, P O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
-Employment Services Division, Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 1928, Albuquerque 87103
-Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor, State Campus, Building 12, Albany 12240
-Labor Market Information Division, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 25903, Raleigh 27611
-Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
-Labor Market Information Division, Bureau of Employment Services, P.O. Box 1618, Columbus 43216
-Research and Planning Division, Employment Security Commission, 310 Will Rogers Memorial Office Building,
Oklahoma City 73105
-Employment Division, Department of Human Resources, 875 Union Street N.E., Salem 97311
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-Department of Labor and Human Resources, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 17th Fl.,
Hato Rey 00918 (CES). Bureau of Employment Security, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 15th Fl., Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
-Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903
-Employment Security Commission, P. O. Box 995, Columbia 29202
-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 1730, Aberdeen 57401
-Department of Employment Security, Cordell Hull Office Building, Room 519, Nashville 37219
-Employment Commission, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778
-Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84147
-Department of Employment and Training, P.O. Box 488, Montpelier 05602
-Division of Research and Analysis, Employment Commission, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
-Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 818, St. Thomas 00801
-Employment Security Department, 212 Maple Park, Olympia 98504
-Division of Labor and Economic Security, Depart, of Employment Security, 112 California Avenue,
Charleston 25305
-Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 7944, Madison 53707
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 2760, Casper 82602