Full text of Employment and Earnings : December 1978
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Employment and Earnings
December 1978
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Vol.25
No. 12
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Ray Marshall, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Acting Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared by the
Division of Industry Employment Statistics and the
Division of Employment and Unemployment Analysis in collaboration with the Division of Special
Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau
of the Census (Department of Commerce), State
Employment Security Agencies, and State Departments of Labor in cooperation with the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. A brief description of the cooperative statistical programs of the BLS with
these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside
back cover.
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CALENDAR OF SPECIAL FEATURES
Features
Apr.
May
Jul.
Oct.
Dec.
Household data
Annual averages
X
Revised seasonally adjusted series
Quarterly averages:
Seasonally adjusted data
Persons not in labor force
Persons of Hispanic origin
Vietnam-Era veterans and
nonveterans
Poverty-nonpoverty area data
Family relationship data
X
X
X
X
X
Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)
X
Industry detail (final)
X
National data adjusted to
new benchmarks
(1)
Revised seasonally adjusted series
(2)
State and area annual averages
X
Area definitions
X
The issue that introduces new benchmarks varies. The October 1978 issue marks
the introduction of March 1977 benchmarks and conversion to the 1972 SIC.
2
Library of Congress Catalog Number 70-11379
I
Jan. | Feb. Mar.
!
Revised data introduced October 1978.
Employment and Earnings
Vol. 25 No. 12 December 1978
Editors: Chester L. Green, Gloria P. Green, Marc Weinstein
CONTENTS
Page
List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, November 1978
Charts
3
5
7
Statistical tables:
Not seasonally adjusted —
Household data
19
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Labor turnover
State and area unemployment data
51
85
116
125
Seasonally adjusted s e r i e s Household data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity
69
106
108
Labor turnover
121
Explanatory notes
43
131
MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Employment Status
A- 1: Employment status of the noninstitutional population
A- 2: Employment status of the noninstitutional population
by sex, 1967 to date
A- 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population
A- 4: Labor force by sex, age, and race
A- 5: Employment status of black workers by sex and age
A- 6: Employment status of the noninstitutional population
A- 7: Employment status of the noninstitutional population
by race and sex
A- 8: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by
A- 9: Employment status of the noninstitutional population
16 years and over, 1947 to date
16 years and over
19
20
21
23
25
26
by sex, age, and race
by race, sex, and age
16-21 years of age
..........
27
28
29
sex, age, and race
by family relationship •
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-10:
A-11:
A-12:
A-13:
A-14:
A-15:
A-16:
Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex
Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age
Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race
Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason
for unemployment
A-17: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
A-18: Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status
A-19: Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job
29
30
30
31
31
32
32
33
33
34
Characteristics of the Employed
A-20;
A-21:
A-22:
A-23:
A-24:
A-25:
A-26:
A-27:
A-28:
A-29:
Employed persons by sex and age
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race
Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex
Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work
Persons at work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours ,
Nonagricultural workers«by industry and full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time
status, sex, age, race, and marital status
A-30: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex
.
,
34
35
36
37
37
38
38
39
39
40
41
Characteristics of 14 and 15 year-olds
A-31: Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race
42
A-32: Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation
42
Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-33: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age,
seasonally adjusted
A-34: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted
A-35: Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
A-36: Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
A-37: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-38: Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-39: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-40: Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-41: Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-42: Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
Characteristics of Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-43: Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans
20 to 39 years of age
43
44
44
45
45
46
46
47
47
48
49
MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page
Employment—National
B- 1: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1919 to date
51
BBBBBB-
52
61
69
70
71
72
2:
3:
4:
5:
6:
7:
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased
Employment—State and Area
B- 8: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division
74
Hours and Earnings—National
C- 1: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, 1957 to date
C- 2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
C- 3: Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the
Federal Government . . . . > .
C- 4: Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing
payrolls, by industry
C- 5: Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and 1967 dollars
C- 6: Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls
C- 7: Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing
group, seasonally adjusted
C- 8: , Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
O 9: Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
C-10: Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division
C-11: Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices, private business
sector, seasonally adjusted
C-12: Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted, at annual rate
Hours and Earnings—State and Area
85
86
..
102
102
103
104
106
107
108
108
109
110
C-13: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by
State and selected areas
111
Labor Turnover—National
D- 1: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date
D- 2: Labor turnover rates, by industry
116
117
D- 3: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date, seasonally adjusted
121
Labor Turnover—State and Area
D- 4: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas
122
MONTHLY STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E- 1: Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas
125
Employment and Unemployment
Developments, November 1978
Employment rose sharply in November and unemployment was unchanged. The Nation's overall unemployment rate was 5.8 percent, the same as in October but
down slightly from the rates prevailing early this year.
Total employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—advanced by 540,000 in November to
95.7 million. Over the past year, total employment has
grown by 3.3 million.
Nonfarm payroll employment—as measured by the
monthly survey of establishments—rose by 465,000 in
November to 87.0 million. Payroll jobs have increased by
3.5 million from the year-ago level.
Unemployment
Both the unemployment rate of 5.8 percent and the
number of unemployed persons, 5.9 million, were unchanged from October levels. The November rate was
almost a full percentage point lower than a year earlier and
0.4 point below the first quarter 1978 average.
Unemploytnent rates for adult men (4.0 percent), adult
women (5.8 percent), and teenagers (16.2 percent) were
also little changed from October. Likewise, joblessness
among black (11.8 percent) and white workers (5.0 percent) and most other groups showed little or no movement
in November. However, virtually all worker categories have
shared in the improvement over the past year. (See tables
A-33 and A-36.)
The median duration of unemployment declined from
6.1 weeks in October—where it had held for several
months—to 5.5 weeks in November. Median duration was
7 weeks in November 1977. (See table A-37.)
Total employment and the labor force
Total employment registered a strong gain November,
rising by 540,000 to 95.7 million. Nearly all of the overthe-month increase was among adult men, whose employment level had remained fairly steady since early
summer. Over the year, total employment has risen by
3.3 million, with adult women accounting for over half
of the increase.
The employment-population ratio—the proportion of
the total noninstitutional population that is employed—
reached a record high of 59.1 percent, continuing a
generally upward trend which has reflected to a great extent the increased jobholding among adult women and
teenagers. (See table A-33.)
There was substantial growth in the civilian labor force
in November, as it increased 580,000 to 101.6 million. The
labor force has risen by 2.6 million since last November,
with adult women accounting for about 60 percent of this
advance. The civilian labor force participation rate jumped
to an all-time high of 63.6 percent in November, after
holding at 63.3 percent during 4 of the prior 5 months.
This percentage was 0.7 percentage point above the yearearlier level.
Industry payroll employment
Nonagricultural payroll employment rose by 465,000 in
November to 87.0 million, the second consecutive month
of substantial growth. Employment increased in 80 percent
of the 172 industries that comprise the BLS diffusion index
of private nonagricultural payroll employment. Nonfarm
jobs have increased by 3.5 million over the past year. (See
tables B-4 and B-7.)
Over-the-month employment gains were recorded in
every major industry group. Manufacturing posted the
largest advance for the second straight month, following
5 months of sluggishness. The November gain in factory
employment (160,000) was split proportionately between
the durable and nondurable goods industries. Within
durable goods, employment rose in every industry, but
the strength was once again concentrated in the major
metals and metal-using industries, led by primary and
fabricated metals and transportation equipment. In nondurables, food processing and printing and publishing
registered the largest increases, but much of the latter
resulted from striking workers returning to their jobs.
Elsewhere in the goods sector, construction jobs increased by 40,000 in November, the second month of employment growth following a pause late in the summer, and
mining employment continued to expand with a pickup of
10,000.
In the service-producing sector, the largest employment
increases occurred in services (95,000) and trade (65,000).
The government increase (45,000) occurred entirely in the
State and local jurisdictions. There was also continued
growth in the other two industries in the sector—
transportation and public utilities and finance, insurance,
and real estate.
vate nonagricultural payrolls to jump a full percentage
point in November to 122.4 (1967=100). The index was
4.3 percent higher than the year-earlier level. (See table
C-8.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls edged up 0.1
hour to 35.9 hours in November. At 40.6 hours, the manufacturing workweek increased 0.2 hour, while factory overtime, at 3.7 hours, was up 0.1 hour over the month. Both the
total private and manufacturing workweeks were little
changed from year-earlier levels. (See table C-7.)
Substantial over-the-month employment growth coupled
with the small increase in hours, caused the index of aggregate hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on pri-
6
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls increased
0.7 percent in November and 8.7 percent from a year ago
(seasonally adjusted). Average weekly earnings were up
1.0 percent over the month; weekly earnings have risen by
8.4 percent since November 1977.
Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings edged up by 1 cent to $5.87, 47 cents above last
November; average weekly earnings were $210.15, 22 cents
below their October level but $16.29 higher than a year
earlier. (See tables C-1 and C-9.)
CHARTS
Page
1. Labor force and employment, 1959-78
7
2. Major unemployment indicators, 1959-78
8
3. Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age, 1959-78
8
4. Total employment by sex and age, 1959-78
9
5. Employment-population ratios by sex and age, 1959-78
10
6. Payroll employment in goods-and service-producing industries, 1959-78 .
10
7. Nonagricultural payroll employment by industry, 1959-78
11
8. Persons at work full and part time in nonagricultural industries, 1959-78
12
9. Employment in nonfarm occupations, 1959-78
13
10. Unemployment rates by sex and age, 1959-78
14
11. Unemployment rates by race, 1959-78
14
12. Unemployment rates by major occupational groups, 1959-78
15
13. Duration of unemployment, 1959-78
16
14. Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries, 1959-78
17
15. Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries, 1959-78
17
16. Total private gross and spendable weekly earnings, 1959-78
18
17. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1959-78
18
Chart 1. Labor force and employment
(Seasonally adjusted}
THOUSANDS
105000
THOUSANDS
105000
/
,
100000
95000
y
,'
'
j
/
T )tal la jor fo r c e
y
/
r
/
80000
y
:
* /
y \
y
Nc
• V v
^NT- • • • • "
/
-{•—Civilian labor force
/
-
•
•
'
•
nagric^ultura e m p oyme n t
r
75000
70000
"
y
65000
"^Tota e m p oyme nt s-
60000
60000
55000
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 19?7 1978
SOURCE: Table A-33.
Chart 2. Major unemplo ymen t indica tors
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
PERCENT
10.0
10.0
8.0
7.0
5.0
3.0
Unemployment rate
both sexes,
|
25 years and over
vVi
V
1.0
J.O U-i
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1 * 6 1977 1978
97
S O U R C E : Tables A-36, A-38, and A-39.
Chart 3. Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
,Ma
PERCENT
es. 2( year a n d over
80.0
80.0
70.0
70.0
Tota , all w orker
/ ^
^ ^
s^
/V
Botf sexe , 16-1 ) yeai s
50.0
/'
%*•>:
• ' "
/*•' •*.
50.0
A
v
"
\
40 0
emak s, 20 years and o ver
30.0
1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 19641965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 19741975 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE: Table A-33
8
30.0
Chart 4. Total employment by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)
THOUSANDS
cncnn
"^nnnn
47500
M a es, 2C)
/ ^
year s and over
s/
45000
45000
42500
4,500
"77trnn
•xnnnn
Fern ales, 2 0 yea rs and over
vVv-
, /
_
/
/
22500
22500
J "v
f -'v
,*-/*•
-pnnnn
*
17500
15000
15000
1 nnnn
1 nnnn
es 16
.-•—'
-
,
-
5000
5000
2500
2500
0
0
-959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE: Table A-33.
Chart 5. Employment—population ratios by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
85.0
80.0
PERCENT
85.0
s, 20 years
75.0
70.0
60.0
Total, all worke s
55.0
r\45.0
45.0
Both sexes, 16-19 years
40.0
Females, 20 years and over
35.0
30.0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 U N I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ll
1959 i960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 19?2 19?3 1974 19^5 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE: Table A-33.
Chart 6. Payroll employment in goods-and service-producing industries
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
(Seasonally
adjusted)
RAT|0
90000
90000
80000
80000
Tota nonaijricult ural p<Jyroll smplo ymen
70000
70000
^
^
s ^
, —
.
—
60000
^-^^
^
^
^
60000
^
^
50000
50000
Se rvice- arodu cing iridustr es
40000
- * "
. - -
-----
40000
-''""
30000
30000
C
ioods produ cing i ndustr ies
...^
20000
S\j
f
•
K
X—-
20000
i959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
YOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.
10
SCAL£_
THOUSANDS
SOURCE: Table B-4.
Chart 7. Nonagricultural payroll employment by industry
(Seasonally adjusted)
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
25000
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
25000
21000
21000
Manufacturing-.
1700C
17000
Wholesale and retail trad
13000
13000
Services
9000
9000
State and local gove
I I
5000 I I I l l I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I
I I i
i I I _J_J_
*
5000
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
5200
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
5200
4800
4800
Transportation and public utilite:
4400
4400
4000
3600
3600
Conis r u c t i o n .
3200
3200
iance, insurance, and real estate
2800
2400
A
Federal government -
2400
2000
2000
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
1000
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
1000
900
K
700
700
600
600
500
500
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969. 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.
SOURCE: Table B-4.
11
Chart 8. Persons at work full and part time in nonagricultural industries
{Seasonally adjusted)
Full-time schedules
ANDS
•7-}Cr\n
THOUSANDS
7nnnn
J
f
J
70000
67500
, J
65000
65000
A
/
cocnn
62500
/
Rnnnn
60000
57500
50000
V
1J
55000
50000
A
47500
<iqnnn
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
Part-time schedules
THOUSANDS
15000
THOUSANDS
12500
Wo
r
•r
f
• k
N
7500
/
rkers on vo untan/ part- time Jjcheck jles
7500
J
5000
5000
*x
2500 l/
\w"
f'W
2500
J
w
Workers on part time for economic reasons
i
11
i
1 1 1
1 1 1
i i i
i i i
i i i
1 1 1
1 1
1
i i i
• i i
i i i
1 1 1
111
1 11
1 1 1
1 1 1
I I I !
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE: Table A-42.
12
Chart 9. Employment in nonfarm occupations
(Seasonally adjusted)
RATIO S C A L E THOUSANDS
18000
RATIO S C A L E THOUSANDS
18000
White-collar workers
15000
Clerical workers.
12000
•r'f
1 T
"
^Professional and technii
9000
9000
M a n a g e r s a n d administrators,
except farm
6000
6000
3000 I » 1 I I I I I l l I I I I 1 I I I I I
M 1I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
3000
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 19?0 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 19?7 1978
RATIO S C A L E THOUSANDS
13000
RATIO S C A L E THOUSANDS
13000
Blue-collar workers
.......
10500
10500
craft arid
'
'•'**••,
kin dred vvorke s
Operative JS, exc ept tr ansport
. • - * " * '
8000
5500
5500
I*
\ f *^ N
3000
i i i
1 1 1
i i i
i i i
A/
/V
Transport equipment operatives —
111
111
*r
V
Nonfarm laborerss
i i i I i i i 1 i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i
1 1 1
\ A
^
i i i
^
i i i
1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 19^2 1973 1974 19^5 1976 1977 19?8
RATIO S C A L E THOUSANDS
14000
RATIO S C A L E THOUSANDS
14000
Service workers
13000
13000
V
12000
A
12000
11000
11000
10000
10000
\
9000
V
8000
7000
1 1 1
i 1 1
1 1 1
111
111
/
J
i i i
i i i
l I I
i
11
1 1 1
1 1 1
111
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
till
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
NOTE: Two breaks in series occurred in 1971 stemming from the ^classification of occupations
introduced in January and from a questionnaire change concerning "major activity" introduced in
December. See "Changes in occupational classification system" in the Explanatory Notes.
SOURCE: Table A-42.
13
Chart 10. Unemployment rates by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
22.5
PERCENT
22.5
17.5
12.5
12.5
10.0
Females, 20 years and overN
5.0
2.5
Males, 20 years and over
' I ' l» I • 0.0
1959 i960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE: Table A-36.
Chart 11. Unemployment rates by race
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
20.0
PERCENT
20.0
^ >
Vr
10.0
V,
jtherBlack and (
\v
V—-^
50
.
y
/
<J
hite
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
111
Ratio of black to white unemployment rate
RATIO
3.00
RATIO
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1 t
4
v Vw
1\
/
2.50
A
V
/
Aj
1.50
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE: Table A 35.
14
2.00
Chart 12. Unemployment rates by major occupational groups
(Seasonally adjusted)
White-collar workers
Managers and administrators
except farm I
I
I
I i i i I i i i
i i i
Professional and technical workers
i i i
1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 19 7 3 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
5.0
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
PERCENT
10.0
PERCENT
10.0
y
dfa rm itvoh cers
Se/v/c
7.5
Ml
5.0
V
v V
7.5
y
S(jrvice workt rs-~~_
IT
. /
V/ ^\
N t*
i
*
r
IK
A s\
w Vr
A. r
i
n
v
j»
.A..
1\
V
f,
1
5.0
A
'
-.
2.5
V
i
arm worker S
0.0
i i i
i i i 1 1 1 till
III
0.0
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
1 1 1
111
i i i
111
111
1 1 1
111
i i i
1 1 1
i i i
SOURCE: Table A 36.
15
Chart 13. Duration of unemployment
(Seasonally adjusted)
Number of workers unemployed
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
10200
7700
7700
y
5200
5200
w v
/
Tota\
-vVw
2700
Les s than 5 weeks^
V
V
A-,
30c:
5 to 14 weeks-^.
.A J
V
r
|'A'TV'*'
week s and over. J
\
\y
200
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
Percent of civilian labor force
PERCENT
10.0
PERCENT
10.0
\
/
5.0
V
/
/
5.0
Tofcil une mploy ed
\
/
Less
2.5
.
V
1
1
l
luv-
than 5 weeks
2.5
V
V'
/
"—..5 to 14 weeks
1 1 1
1 1
1
1 1 1
i
15 weeks and o V
i
i
i
i
i
t
i
i
i
i
fl 1
•
>
—
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
1111
0.0
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
Average duration of unemployment
WEEKS
20.0
WEEKS
20.0
17.5
17.5
15.0
\
12.5
P\
1
1
V
/
10.0
7.5
VV
I
V\
\
15.0
10.0
5.0
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
SOURCE: Table A-37.
16
Chart 14. Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries
(Seasonally adjusted)
HOURS
1 42 5
HOURS
Vlanu acturi n g
/V
40.0
J/
/v
if
^
1 ^^XJf^^f
*
N
tal pr vate € stabli shmer ns
—^
1
40.0
yv
\
1
37.5
37.5
35.0
35.0
1959 1960 1961 1962
1963
1964
1965
1967
1966
1968
1970 1971 1972
1969
1973
1977
1975 1976
1974
1978
Overtime hours in manufacturing
HOURS
r\
HOURS
5 0
y
V
s
/Xy/
r
\
2 5
i i i
0.0
1959
1960
1961 1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971 1972
1973
1974 1975 1976
i i i i
0.0
1977 1978
1
Annual averages prior to 1964.
NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary .
SOURCE: Table C-7.
Chart 15. Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries
(Seasonally adjusted)
DOLLARS
275 00
DOLLARS
j
250.00
250.00
/
225.00
225.00
/
/
200.00
/
/
175.00
200.00
175.00
/
150.00
,'~
150.00
M nufac turinc
r'~''
125.00
125.00
^
^
~^~Tc tal pr vate
100.00
stabl shme nts 1
100.00
y—-
75.00
75.00
i i i
SO 00
1959
1
1 1 1 i i i
1960
1961 1962 1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
i i t
i i i
1968 1969 1970
en
1971 1972
1973 1974
1975 1976
1977
r,n
1978
Annual averages prior to 1964.
NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.
SOURCE: Tables C-7 and C-9.
17
Chart 16. Total private gross and spendable weekly earnings
(Seasonally adjusted)
DOLLARS
225.00
DOLLARS
225.00
200.00
/
/
175.00
/
Gro ss
earnings n cur ent c ollars
/
125.00
y
y
150.00
i"
i
i
v-
Gro
s earnings n 1967 dolk rs
rf*—
100.00
— w
& * *
— • •
\
HI
•*
Jpend able € arninc s in 1567 d(Jllars 1
75.00
Sp
3ndab e ear lings n cur ent d ollars
50.00
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
Married worker with three dependents.
NOTE: Data prior to 1964 are annual averages. Data for current month are preliminary.
SOURCE: Table C-9.
Chart 17. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing
(Seasonally adjusted)
PER 100
EMPLOYEES
7.5
PER 100
EMPLOYEES
7.5
2.5
0.0 Lli1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
PER 100
EMPLOYEES
4.0
PER 100
EMPLOYEES
4.0
3.0
h
Quits
j
*
j
V
\»
k .JL/
•
Layoffs
/X
i
i
i
/ *
j\
•/
\A'
y
x
V t
r\ '"
t
A\/
i
A #
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
NOTE: Data for current month are preliminary.
18
SOURCE: Table D 3.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over,1947 to date
[Number! in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Total labor form
Total
Employed
Yaar and month
tutional
population
it
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
indus-
Not in
labor
force
of
labor
force
Annual averages
TOTAL
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
10 3,418
104,527
105,611
106,645
107,721
60,941
62,080
62,903
63,858
65, 117
58.9
59.4
59.6
59.9
60.4
59,350
60,621
61,286
62,208
62,017
57,038
58,343
57,651
58,918
59,961
7,890
7,629
7,658
7, 160
6,726
49, 148
50,714
49,993
51,758
53,235
2,,311
2,r 276
3 (,637
3 ,288
2,,055
3.9
3,8
5-9
5.3
3.3
42,477
42,447
42,708
42,787
42,604
1952
1953 *
1954
1955
1956
108, 82J
110,601
111,671
112*732
113,811
65,730
66,560
66,993
68,072
69,409
60.4
60.2
60.0
60.4
61.0
62,138
63,015
63,643
65,023
66,552
60,250
61,179
60,109
62,170
63,799
6,260
6,205
6,450
6,283
53,749
54,919
53,904
55,722
57,514
1,r 883
1 ,834
3,,532
2,r 852
,750
2<
3.0
2.S
5.5
4. 4
4. 1
43,093
44,041
44,678
44,660
1957..
1958..
1959
1960 1
1961
115,065
116,363
117,881
119,759
121,343
69,729
70,27 5
70,921
72, 142
73,031
60.6
60.
60,
60.
66,929
67,639
68,369
69,628
70,459
64,07 1
63,036
6 4,63 0
65,778
65,746
5,947
5,586
5,565
5,458
5,200
58, 123
57,450
59,065
60,318
60,546
2 , 859
4,r 602
3 ,,740
3,,852
4,,714
4.3
6.8
5. 5
5.5
6.7
45,336
46,088
46,960
47,617
48,312
1962 :
1963
1964
1965
1966
122,981
125,154
127,224
129,236
131,180
73,442
74,571
75,830
77, 178
78,893
59.7
59.6
59.6
59.7
60.1
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
6 1,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
3 , ,911
<*. 070
3.,786
3 , ,366
2 , 875
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
49,539
50,583
51, 394
52,0 58
52,288
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
133,319
135,562
137,841
140,182
142,596
80,793
82,272
84,240
85,90 3
86,92 9
60.6
60.
61.
61.
61.0
77,347
78,737
80,734
82,715
84,113
74,372
75,920
77,902
78,627
.79,120
3,844
3,817
3,606
3,462
3,387
70,527
72,103
74,296
75,165
75,732
2 , 975
2 . ,817
2 , ,832
4 , 088
4 , 993
3. 8
3.6
3.5
4.9
5.9
52,527
53,291
53,602
54,280
55,666
1972 ]
1973 l
1974
1975
1976
145,775
148,263
150,827
153,449
156,048
88,991
91,040
93,240
94,793
96,917
61.0
61.4
61 .8
61.8
62. 1
86,542
88,714
91,011
92,613
94,773
81,702
84,409
85,935
84,783
87,485
3,472
3,452
3,492
3,380
3,297
78,230
80,957
82,443
81,403
84, 188
4 , 840
4 , 304
5 , 076
7 , 83 0
7 , 288
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
56,785
57,222
57,587
58,655
59, 130
1977
158,559
99,53 4
62.8
97,401
90,546
3,244
87,302
6,855
7.0
59,0 25
Monthly data, laaionally adjusted2
1977:
November.
December.
159,522
159,736
101,009
101,048
63.3
63.3
98,877
98,919
92,^14
92,609
3,357
3,323
8 8 , 857
8 9 , 286
6,663
6,310
6.7
6.4
5b , 5 12
58,689
159,937
160,128
16 0, 313
160,504
160,713
160,928
16 1, 148
16 1,348
161,570
161,829
16 2,033
101,22 7
101,217
101,535
101,902
102,374
102,670
102,734
102,672
102,993
103, 184
103,764
63.3
63.2
63.3
63.5
63.7
63.8
63.8
63.6
63.7
63.8
64.0
99,106
99,093
99,413
99,784
92,880
93,003
93,266
93,801
94, 112
94, 818
94,425
94,582
94,868
95, 192
95,735
3,354
3,243
3,310
3,274
3,235
3,472
3,387
3,360
3,411
3,380
3,265
89,
89,
89,
90,
90,
91,
91,
91,
91,
91.
92,
6,226
6,090
6,147
5,983
6, 150
5,754
6,193
5,968
6,002
5,870
5,912
6.3
6.1
6.2
6.0
6. 1
5.7
6. 2
5.9
6.0
5.8
5.8
58,710
58,911
58,777
58,602
58,340
58,258
58,414
58,677
58,577
58,645
58,269
1978:
January..
February.
March
April
May
June .....
July
Auqust...
September
October ..
November.
100,261
100,572
100,618
100,550
100,870
10 1,062
101,647
Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation, see "Historic
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.
526
761
956
527
677^
346
03 8
221
457
811
470
2
Because seasonally, by definition, does not exist in population figures, data for
"total noninstitutional population" are not seasonally adjusted.
NOTE: "1978 seasonally-adjusted household data shown in tables A - 1 , A-2, and A-33-43 for periods prior
to November may differ slightly from those previously published. These estimates are derived with new computer procedures which maintain more precision in calculations than did the procedures previously used."
19
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1967 to date
[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Total labor force
Total
Employed
Year, month, and tex
tutional
population
Number
Percent
of
population
Total
Total
Agriculture
Unemployed
Nonagriculturai
industries
Number
Not in
labor
force
Percent
of
labor
force
Annual average*
MALES
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 x
1973 J
1974
1975
1976
1977
6 4,316
65,345
66,365
67,409
68,512
69,864
71,020
72, 253
73,494
74,73 9
7 5, 981
52,398
53,030
53,688
54,343
54,797
55,671
56,479
57,34 9
57,706
58 ,397
59,4 67
81 . 5
81.2
80.9
80.6
80.0
79.7
79.5
79. 4
78.5
78.1
78.3
4 8 , 9 87
49,533
50,221
51,195
52,021
53,265
54,203
55,186
55,615
56,359
57,449
47,479
4 8 , 1 14
48,818
48,960
49,245
50,630
51,963
52,518
51,230
5 2,39 1
53, 86 1
3, 164
3,157
2,963
2,861
2,790
2,839
2,833
2, 900
2,801
2,716
2,639
4 4,315
44,957
45,855
46,099
46,455
47,791
49,130
49,618
48,429
49,£75
51,222
1,508
1,419
1,403
3.1
1 1 , 9 19
2,235
2,776
2,635
2,240
2,668
4, 385
3,968
3,588
2.9
2.8
4.4
5.3
4.9
4. 1
4.8
7.9
7.0 .
6.2
12,315
12,677
13,066
13,715
14,193
14,541
14,904
15,788
16,341
16,514
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1977:
November.
December.
76,439
76,541
60, 112
60,236
78.6
78.7
58,097
58,225
54,745
55,012
2,685
2,702
52,060
52,310
3,352
3,213
5.8
5. 5
16,328
16,i06
76,63o
60,209
60,149
60,285
60,260
60,439
60,569
60,490
60,448
60,458
60,706
61,071
78.6
78.4
78. 5
78.4
78.5
78. 6
78.3
78.2
78.1
78.3
78.7
58,206
5 8 , 142
58,264
58,263
58,447
58,596
58,500
58,455
58,465
5 8 , 7 14
59,084
54,974
54,897
55,013
55,208
55,445
55, 868
55,534
55,529
55,504
55,702
56,134
2,748
2,566
2,614
2,575
2,638
2,777
2,736
2,705
2,752
2,711
2,597
52,226
52,331
52,400
52,632
52,808
53,091
52,798
52,824
52,752
52,991
53,537
3,232
3,245
3,271
3,056
3,001
2,728
2,965
2,926
2,961
3,013
2,950
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.2
5. 1
4.7
5. 1
5.0
5. 1
5. 1
5.0
16, 4271
16,577
16,526
16,641
16,561
16,532
16,7 17
16,854
16,949
16,840
16,571
26,212
2 7 , 147
28,441
29,066
29,277
30,439
3 1 , 82 7
32,825
32,973
34,513
36,080
1,468
1,397
1,429
1,853
2,217
2,205
2,06 4
2,408
3,445
3,320
3,267
5.2
4.8
4.7
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
4 0,6 08
40,976
40 , 9 24
4 1,214
41,952
42,591
42,681
42,683
42,868
42,789
42,510
1978:
January..
February.
March
April
Kay
July
August...
September
October..
Novemb e r .
76,725
76,811
76,901
77,000
77,102
7 7 , 206
7 7,*30 1
77,407
77,546
77,64 3
|
!
!
Annual av erages
FEMALES
19tj7
.96'^
19h9
1970
1971
197 2 1 . . 197 V
1 9~4
19-> 5
19 7 h
19 7 '
69,003
7 0,217
7 1,476
72,774
74,084
75,91 1
77,242
78,575
79,954
8 1,309
82,577
28,395
2y , 2 4 2
30, 55 1
31,560
32,132
3 3 , 3 20
34,561
35,892
37,087
38,520
40,067
41 . 2
41.6
42.7
43.4
4J.4
43.9
44.7
45.7
46.4
47. 4
48.5
28,360
29,204
30,513
31,520
32,09 1
33,277
34,510
35,825
36,998
38,414
39,952
26,893
27,bO7
29,084
29,667
29,875
31,072
32,446
33,417
33, 553
35,095
3 6,68 5
680
660
643
601
598
633
619
592
579
582
605
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1977:
November.
December.
83,082
8 3 , 195
40,898
40,812
49.2
49. 1
40,780
40,694
3.7,469
37,597
672
621
36,797
36,976
3,311
3,097
8. 1
7.6
42,185
42,383
8 3, 30 1
83,403
83,501
4 1 , 0 17
41,068
4 1 , 2 52
41,64 1
41,936
4 2 , 100
42,245
42,225
42,535
42,477
42,692
49.2
49.2
49.4
49.8
50. 1
50.2
50.3
50.2
50.5
50.4
50.b
40,900
40,951
41,130
41,520
41,815
41,975
4 2, 1 19
42,095
42,405
42,347
42,563
37,906
38,107
38,253
38,593
38,667
38,950
38,891
39,053
39,364
39,490
39,601
605
676
696
699
597
694
651
655
659
669
668
37,301
37,430
37,556
37,894
38,069
38,255
38,240
38,397
38,705
38,821
38,933
2,994
2,845
2,877
2,927
3,148
3, 026
3#228
3,042
3,041
2,857
2,962
7.3
6.9
7-0
7. 1
7.5
7.2
7.7
7.2
7.2
6. 7
7.0
42,284
42,335
42,250
41,962
41,778
41,726
41,696
41,823
41,628
41,806
41,698
1978:
January..
February.
March....
April
May
July
Auqust...
September
October..
Novembe r .
1
83,603
83,714
83,826
83,941
84,047
8 4 , 162
84,283
84,390
SM footnote 1, table A-1.
20
See footnote 2, table A-1
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-3.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race
[Numbers in thousandi]
November
Total labor force
1978
Civilian labor force
Sex,age, and race
Not in labor force
Unemployed
Number
Percent
of
population
Total
Employed
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Total
Keeping
house
Unable
to
work
Going
to
school
Other
reasons
MALES
60,7 10
78.2
8,608
5,091
2,019
3,072
67.5
60.2
47.9
72.3
20 to 64 years . . .
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
53,665
89.9
8,813
37,662
8,491
7,6 10
6 , 173
5,262
5,085
5,041
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
7 , 189
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
1,954
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
4,431
2,758
1,161
793
58,723
7,936
4,799
1,996
2,803
55,976
51,970
8,058
36,723
8 , 121
7,364
5,S79
5,172
5,053
5,034
50,055
86.6
94.6
95.1
96.4
96.3
95.8
93.1
89.5
74. 1
83. 2
63.0
4,509
1,760
28
12
5
7
10,382
330
234
112
122
1,258
36
675
47
71
62
73
138
263
3,275
257
1,093
179
132
130
133
214
306
547
29 5
252
1,924
576
1,348
490
172
31b
6,873
2,372
4,501
3,010
2,463
1,628
835
1,399
19
9
3
5
9,233
251
187
94
93
1 , 165
882
280
235
25
20
993
27
506
79
111
316
2,795
185
873
231
205
4 36
4
4
459
239
2^0
398
1,738
517
1,220
6,252
882
757
64"?
439
208
36 1
10
4
2
2
1 , 148
79
47
18
29
265
9
169
39
45
86
4 80
72
221
30
57
84
88
56
32
92
186
58
128
621
2,747
1,076
778
405
3 73
13.6
16.2
20.3
13.3
16,933
4 , 145
3,370
2,195
1,176
282
19
15
11
4
1,914
645
1,096
376
211
134
130
112
134
3.7
8.0
3.0
4.6
2.9
2.2
2.5
^.2
2.7
6,035
1,365
2 , 155
436
288
236
229
376
5 90
102
9
53
8
7
6
9
7
17
1,400
7,413
35,626
7,746
7, 153
5,845
5,042
4,942
4,900
7 , 188
4,430
2,758
7,016
4,345
2,671
172
85
87
2.4
1.9
3.2
2,515
893
1,622
40
18
22
4
4
20. 6
30.9
13.9
1,954
1 , 161
793
1 ,90C
1,118
782
55
44
11
2.8
3.7
1.4
7,528
2,596
4,932
165
51
113
78.8
69.6
62.7
51.2
74. 1
52,360
7,024
4,272
1,801
2,471
50,282
6,236
3,687
1,476
2,211
2,078
788
585
325
259
4.0
1 1.2
13.7
18.1
10.5
14,484
3,299
2,673
1,736
937
224
19
15
11
4
3,627
6,860
4,021
1,591
2,429
4.7
3,767
3 , 109
2,067
1,042
1,064
333
203
78
19
14
17
3
—
__
-—
White
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
53,957
7,553
4,502
1 ,820
2,682
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
47,695
7,664
33,489
14,236
10,184
9,070
90.5
87.4
95.2
96.3
96.7
92.0
46,329
7,074
32,715
13,735
9,944
9,035
44,883
6,618
31,869
13,294
9,743
8,831
1,447
456
845
441
201
204
3. 1
6.4
2.6
3.2
2.0
2.3
5,030
1,102
1,691
554
347
790
78
8
34
8
6
19
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,541
4,022
2,520
1,759
74.5
33.8
63.3
20.6
6,540
4,020
2,520
1,759
6,39 6
3,959
2,437
1,712
145
62
83
47
2.2
1.5
3.3
2.7
2,237
778
1,459
6,781
36
17
19
131
6,753
1 ,055
588
199
390
73.4
55.5
45. 8
30.2
62.0
6 ,362
9 12
527
195
332
5,69 4
624
333
116
218
6 69
288
193
79
114
10.5
31.6
36-7
40.7
34.4
2,4<iS
346
697
458
239
5,970
1,149
4,173
1,866
1,251
1 ,056
85.6
81.3
90.0
91.6
91.4
85.8
5,641
984
4,009
1,750
1,206
1,052
5,172
795
3,758
1,604
1,143
1,011
4 63
189
251
147
63
41
8.3
19.2
6.3
8.4
5.2
3.9
1,004
264
4 63
171
118
175
25
1
19
6
8
5
235
182
53
45
8
—
648
409
238
195
70.0
78.1
59.4
20.7
648
409
238
195
620
38 6
234
188
28
24
4
7
278
115
163
747
4
1
3
33
—
-——
-—
Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
...
•
4,3
5.8
1.7
3.8
58
—
-—
—
21
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-3.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
November 1978
Not in labor forot
Civilian labor force
Total labor force
Unemployed
Sex, age, and race
Number
Percent
of
population
Total
Employed
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Total
Keeping
Going
to
school
Unable
to
work
Other
1
FEMALES
43,065
7,229
4 ,4 14
1,834
2,580
51.0
57.9
53.3
44. 9
61.4
42,936
7 , 177
4,393
1,832
2,561
4 0,054
6,182
3,692
1,507
2,185
2,882
995
701
326
376
6:7
13.9
16.0
17.8
14.7
41,325
5,264
3,867
2,247
1,619
32,094
1,299
606
170
436
4,372
3,607
3,027
1,991
1,036
1,090
18
12
2
10
3,770
339
222
84
138
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
37,536
6,985
25,941
6,061
4,993
4,268
3 ,649
3,519
3,450
6J.0
68.7
62.4
66.6
61.6
63.3
62.8
61.0
56.8
37,428
6,917
25,899
6,033
4,986
4,265
3,648
3,519
3,450
35,286
6,283
24,561
5,612
4,713
4,034
3,483
3,374
3,345
2,142
6 35
1,339
421
2 73
231
165
145
105
5.7
9.2
5.2
7.0
5.5
5.4
4.5
4.1
3.0
25,054
3, 178
15,647
3,034
3,110
2, 474
2,162
2,245
2,622
21,567
2,028
14,160
2,697
2,846
2,248
1,979
2,038
2,352
1,338
905
427
175
116
67
37
16
17
524
22
257
24
18
39
45
45
87
1,627
224
804
138
130
121
102
146
166
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
4,6 11
2,9 17
1,694
42. 5
49. 9
33.9
4,611
2,917
1,6 94
4,443
2,809
1,633
169
108
61
3.7
3.7
3.6
6,229
2,932
3,297
5,379
2,569
2,809
6
3
3
245
116
129
599
243
356
1, 1 15
694
421
8.2
14.7
4.8
1,115
6 94
421
1,076
670
406
39
24
15
3.5
3.4
3.6
12,404
4,018
8,386
9,921
3,390
6,532
7
1
6
555
98
457
1,921
530
1,391
37,263
6,353
3,926
1,662
2,264
50.6
60.3
56.3
48.5
63.9
37,161
6,311
3,909
1,661
2,248
34,979
5,566
3,378
1,392
1,986
2, 182
745
531
269
262
5.9
11.8
13.6
16.2
11.7
36,326
4,185
3,043
1,762
1,281
28,835
1,063
485
142
343
3,480
2,886
2,404
1,554
850
838
8
6
1
5
3,173
227
148
65
83
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
32,377
5,999
22,256
9,383
6,783
6,090
59.6
69.7
61.8
63.6
62.5
58.6
32,292
5,946
22,223
9,355
6,780
6,089
30,671
5,497
21,185
8,830
6,4fa3
5,892
1,621
449
1,039
525
317
197
5.0
7.5
4.7
5.6
4.7
3.2
21,985
2,611
13,749
5,372
4,071
4,306
19, 184
1,698
12,568
4,901
3,764
3,902
1,071
727
337
229
80
28
383
14
184
30
52
102
1,349
172
661
211
175
274
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
4,122
2,608
1,515
960
42 .3
49.8
33. 6
7.8
4 , 122
2,608
1,515
96 0
3,988
2,523
1,466
930
134
85
49
30
3.2
3.3
3.2
3. 1
5,625
2,632
2,994
1 1,298
4,919
2,334
2,585
9, 166
6
3
3
6
164
87
97
450
517
207
309
1,676
5,802
876
488
171
~ 316
53.7
44.8
37. 2
26.1
48.3
5,775
866
484
171
313
5,075
616
314
115
199
700
250
1 70
56
114
12.1
28.9
35.1
33.0
36.3
4,999
1,079
823
485
339
3,259
236
120
28
93
891
721
623
437
186
252
10
5
5
597
112
74
19
55
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
5,159
986
3,68 5
1,672
1,133
880
62.7
63.5
66.0
68. 4
66.8
61.0
5,136
972
3,676
1,664
1,132
880
4,615
786
3,375
1,494
1,054
827
521
186
300
169
79
53
10.1
19. 1
8.2
10.2
7.0
6.0
3,068
567
1,898
772
564
561
2,382
330
1,592
642
462
488
267
177
90
61
24
5
141
7
73
12
31
30
278
52
143
57
47
39
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
489
3 09
180
155
489
309
180
155
454
287
167
146
35
23
13
9
7.2
7.3
7.0
5.7
604
300
304
1,107
460
235
225
756
62
29
32
105
83
36
47
245
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
White
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
22
44.8
50.8
37.2
12.3
—
—
1
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-4.
Labor force by sex, age, and race
Civilian labor force
Total labor force
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Participation rates
1977
Nov.
1978
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
59,725
5,144
2,074
3,070
60,710
5,091
2,019
3,072
78.1
60.6
48.9
72.3
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
8,5 39
36,994
15,662
11,067
10,265
8,813
37,662
16,101
11,435
10, 126
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
7,104
4,362
2,742
1,943
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
Thousands of persons
Participation rates
1977
Nov.
1978
78.2
60.2
47.9
72.3
57,710
4,820
2,041
2,779
58,723
4,799
1,996
2,803
77.5
59.0
48.5
70.2
77.6
58-7
47.6
70.4
85.3
94.6
95.6
96. 1
91.8
86.6
94.6
95.7
96. 1
91.3
7,791
36,054
15,046
10,782
10,226
8,058
36,723
15,485
11,151
10,087
84. 1
94.5
95.4
96.0
91.8
85.5
94.5
95-5
96.0
9U3
7, 189
4,431
2,758
1,954
74.2
83.2
63.3
20.9
74. 1
63.2
63.0
20.6
7,102
4,360
2,742
1,943
7,188
4,430
2,758
1, 954
74.2
83.2
63.3
20.9
74- 1
83.2
to3.0
20.6
53,276
4,562
1,886
2,675
53,957
4,502
1,820
2,682
78.9
63.2
52.5
73.8
78. 8
62.7
51.2
74. 1
51,628
4,298
1,859
2,439
52,360
4,272
1,801
2, 471
78.4
61.8
52. 1
71.9
78.3
t>1.5
5i>.9
72.5
7,467
32,987
13,902
9,839
9,245
7,664
33,489
14,236
10, 184
9,070
86.3
95.3
96.2
96.6
92.7
87.4
95.2
96. 3
96.7
92.0
6,872
32,198
13,390
9,598
9,210
7,074
32, 715
13,735
9,944
9,035
85.3
95.2
96.1
96.6
92.7
86.5
95. 1
96.1
96.6
92.0
55 to 64 years . .
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,491
3,975
2,515
1,770
6,541
4,022
2,520
1,759
74.9
84.0
63.9
21.2
74.5
83.8
63.3
20. 6
6,489
3,974
2,515
1,770
6,540
4,020
2,520
1,759
74.9
84.0
63.9
21.2
74.5
83.8
63.3
20.6
16 years and over . .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
6,449
582
188
395
6,753
588
199
390
72. 1
45.8
28.8
63.6
73. 4
45. 8
30.2
62.0
6,083
522
182
340
6,362
527
195
332
70.9
43.1
28.2
60. 1
72.2
43.0
29.8
58. 1
20 to 24 years .
25 to 54 years . .
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
1,072
4,008
1,761
1,227
1,020
1, 149
4,173
1,866
1,251
1,056
78.5
89.3
90.6
92. 1
84.0
81 .3
90.0
91.6
91.4
85.8
919
i r 855
1,655
1,184
1,016
984
4,009
1,750
1,2 06
1,052
75.8
88.9
90. 1
91 .8
o4.0
78.9
89.6
91.1
91.1
85.7
55 to 64 years . .
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
613
387
226
173
68.0
76.2
57.4
19.0
70.0
78.1
59.4
20. 7
613
386
226
173
648
409
238
195
68.0
76.2
57.4
19.0
70.0
7d. 1
59.4
20.7
NOV.
NOV.
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
MALES
.
648
409
238
195
23
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-4. Labor force by sex, age, and race—Continued
Total labor force
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
Civilian labor force
Participation rates
NOV.
Nov.
1977
1978
Thousands of persons
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
Participation rates
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
FEMALES
41,227
18 years and over
16 to 19 years
18 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
4,231
1,723
2,508
20 to 24 years
26 to 54 years
26 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
43,065
4,414
1,834
2,580
49.6
5C.9
41.9
59.7
51.0
53.3
44.9
61.4
4 1 , 109
4,213
1,722
2,490
42,936
4,J93
1,832
2,561
49.6
50.8
41.9
59.5
51.0
53.2
44.9
61.3
6,694
24,607
10,244
7,468
6,895
6,917
25,899
11,018
7,913
6, 968
67.4
60.3
61.2
61.5
57.7
68.5
62.3
64.2
63. 1
58.9
4,487
2,853
1,633
1,109
4,611
2,917
1,694
1,115
4 1.9
49.6
J3.0
8.4
42.5
49.9
33.9
8.2
35,660
3,777
37, 161
3,909
1,661
2,248
49. 2
54.0
45.9
61 .9
50.6
56.2
48.5
63.7
5,781
5,94b
21,128
8,683
6,389
22,223
9,355
6, 780
6,089
68.4
59.6
60.3
60.9
57.5
69.5
61.8
63.5
62.5
58.6
42.3
49.8
33.6
7.ti
6,759
67.6
25,941
11,055
7,916
6,969
60.3
61.3
61.5
57.7
68.7
62. 4
64.3
63.1
58.9
4,487
56 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,985
24,641
10,275
7,471
6,896
4,611
2,917
1,694
1 , 115
41.9
49.6
33.0
8. 4
42.5
49.9
33.9
8.2
37,263
3,926
1,662
2,264
49.3
54.1
45.9
62. 0
50.6
56.3
48. 5
63.9
68.6
59.6
60.3
60.9
69.7
61.8
63.6
62.5
58. 6
2,854
1,633
1, 109
White
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
35,755
3,793
1,587
2,206
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
21,157
8,707
6,392
6,058
5,999
22,256
9,383
6,783
6,090
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,997
2,528
1,468
976
4 , 122
2,608
1,515
960
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
5,472
438
136
30 2
5,802
488
171
316
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
926
3,485
1,567
1,080
838
986
3,685
1,672
1 , 133
880
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
85 years and over
490
325
165
132
489
309
180
155
5,832
57.5
41.5
1,586
2,191
6,057
42.3
49.8
33.6
7.8
3,997
2,528
1,468
976
4 , 122
1,515
960
41.5
48.9
32.9
8.2
33.7
20.8
46.8
53.7
37.2
26. 1
48.3
5,449
435
136
299
5,775
484
171
313
52. 1
33.6
20.8
46.6
53.6
37.0
26.1
48.0
61.6
64. 5
67.2
65.5
59.0
63. 5
66.0
68.4
66.8
61.0
913
3,479
1,561
1,079
838
972
3,676
1,664
1, 132
880
61.3
64.5
67. 1
65.5
59-0
63.2
65.9
68.3
66.7
61.0
46.1
55.4
34.6
10.9
44.8
50.8
37.2
12.3
490
325
165
132
489
309
180
155
46. 1
55.4
34.6
10.9
44.8
50.8
37.2
12.3
48.9
32.9
8.2
2,608
Black and other
24
52.2
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-5. Employment status of black workers by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
November 1978
Civilian labor force
Employed
Sex and age
Unemployed
Not in
labor
force
Total
Total
Nonagncultural
industries
Agriculture
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
10,338
till
309
569
9,091
542
183
359
238
7
-8
8,853
534
184
350
1,247
336
125
210
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
1,676
6,472
2,860
1,991
1,622
1,327
5,984
2,575
1,665
1,545
31
150
59
36
55
1,296
5,834
2,516
1,829
1,490
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
998
623
376
314
939
580
359
299
28
16
13
21
5,398
458
165
293
4,785
283
91
192
213
7
846
3,361
1,448
1,028
887
56 4
354
211
169
12. 1
38.3
40.6
37.0
6,457
1,354
850
50 4
349
488
285
126
77
20.8
7.5
10.0
6-3
4.7
713
1,973
742
579
652
910
564
346
278
60
43
16
15
6.0
6.9
4.4
4.8
787
37 0
417
1,629
7
4,572
275
91
18 4
613
176
74
101
11.4
38.4
44.8
34.5
2,140
622
415
207
668
3 , 135
1,316
968
851
30
132
50
32
50
638
3,003
1,267
936
801
178
226
131
60
35
21.0
6.7
9.0
5.8
3.9
215
412
144
103
165
539
332
2 07
162
26
14
13
17
511
318
194
144
26
22
3
7
4.6
6.2
1.4
4-1
250
10 5
144
640
25
4,281
259
93
166
634
160
51
109
12.8
38.2
35.8
39.4
4,317
732
43 5
297
658
1,249
893
689
171
262
154
66
42
20.6
8.4
10.9
6.9
5.6
49 8
1,56 1
598
47b
48 7
399
246
152
134
34
21
13
8
7.8
8.0
7.6
5.6
537
26 5
27 3
989
Males
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
,.
I
|
Females
16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
4,940
419
144
276
4,306
259
92
167
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
830
3 , 111
1 , 412
963
735
659
2 , 849
1,259
897
694
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
434
269
165
145
400
248
152
137
-__
1
1
18
9
4
5
2
2
—
4
2,831
NOTE: According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the
"black and other" population group.
25
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A 6. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Numbers in thousands]
Males, 20 years and over
Total
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 yean
Employment status and race
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1978
NOV.
1977
1977
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
67,948
54,581
80.3
52,890
50,578
2,283
48,295
2,312
69,182
55,619
80.4
53,924
51,955
2,277
49,678
1,96 9
74,768
36,996
49.5
36,896
34,405
76, 110
38,651
50.8
38,543
36,362
16,806
9,375
55.8
9,033
7,490
16,741
9,505
56.8
9,192
7,7 12
NOV.
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
159,522
100,952
63.3
98,819
92,473
3 r 181
89,29^
6,346
162,033
103,775
64. 0
101,659
96,029
3 , 100
92,929
5,62S
548
534
33,857
2,491
35,827
2,181
6.4
5.5
4.4
3.7
6.8
5.7
58,570
58 # 258
13,367
13,563
37,772
37,458
140,095
89,031
63.6
87,267
82,451
2,941
79,510
4,836
142,031
91,220
64.2
89,521
85,261
2,814
82,447
4,26C
60,276
48,714
80.8
47,J30
45,538
2,086
43,451
1,792
65,583
31,962
48.7
31,882
30,008
66,620
33,337
33,620
33,283
9, 186
5,034
54.8
5,014
4,397
9,490
5,314
56.0
5,291
4,761
350
289
7,140
1,543
17. 1
7,431
7,424
1,479
16. 1
7,237
14,236
8,355
58.7
8,075
6,905
14,145
8,429
59.6
ti, 182
7,066
White
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonaqricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
5.5
4.8
3.8
51,064
50,811
11,562
61,266
49,454
80.7
48,088
46,595
2,C35
44,559
1,494
3. 1
11,811
19,427
11,921
61.4
11,532
10,022
20,002
12,555
62.8
12, 137
10,768
7,672
5,867
76.5
5,560
5,041
7,916
6,165
77.9
5,836
5,360
240
286
197
242
33
10,482
1,369
11.3
7,447
4,844
5,119
4,364
520
9.3
475
8.1
1,805
1,751
515
29,494
1,874
5.9
50.0
33,252
31,601
502
340
277
31,099
1,651
6,565
1, 170
14.5
5,881
6,788
1,116
13.6
5,716
2,570
1,020
39.7
2,597
1,076
41.4
1,010
5.0
Black and other
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
26
9,782
1,510
13. 1
7,506
617
12-3
4 , 152
530
957
585
10
575
373
10.0
4, 175
38.9
1,549
33
4,728
647
12
635
363
36.0
1,521
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-7. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age by race and sex
[Numbers in thousands]
November
197 8
White
Total
Black and other
Employment status
Both
sexes
Males
Females
Both
Males
Females
sexes
Both
Males
Females
sexes
TOTAL
25,245
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
.,
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
8,608
67.5
15,113
13,042
463
12,579
2,072
1, 163
7,936
6,860
366
6,493
1,076
596
909
13.7
9r 409
,
12,753
15,836
62-7
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
480
13.6
4,145
12,493
7,229
57.9
21,389
13,905
65.0
10,851
7,553
69.6
10,538
6,353
60-3
3,857
1,931
50. 1
1,901
1,055
55.5
1,955
876
44.8
7,177
6,182
97
6,065
995
566
429
13.9
5,264
13,335
11,802
434
11,369
1,533
829
704
11.5
7,483
7,024
6,236
337
5,899
788
437
351
11.2
3,289
6,311
5,566
97
5,469
745
392
353
11.8
4, 185
1,778
1,239
29
1,210
539
334
205
30.3
1,9 26
912
624
30
594
288
159
129
31.6
846
866
616
616
2 50
175
76
2 6.9
1,079
Major activity: going to school
4,804
3,954
156
3,798
850
108
743
17.7
7,374
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
2,482
2,003
125
1,878
479
60
419
19.3
3,767
2,322
1,951
31
1,920
371
47
324
16.0
3,607
4,277
3,642
158
3,484
635
57
578
14.9
o,896
2,214
1,865
126
1,738
349
33
317
15.8
3,010
2,063
1,777
32
1,745
286
25
261
13.9
2,886
527
312
—
314
215
50
165
40.8
1,478
10,309
9,088
307
8,781
1,221
1,055
167
11.8
2,035
5,454
4,857
242
4,615
597
536
62
11-0
378
4,855
4,231
65
4,166
624
519
105
12.9
1,657
9,058
8 , 160
276
7,885
8 98
771
127
9-9
1,587
4,810
4,371
210
4,161
439
404
35
9.1
289
4,248
3,789
65
3,724
459
367
92
10.8
1,298
1,251
927
32
896
3^4
284
40
25.9
448
268
136
140
130
28
102
48.4
757
259
174
- 174
85
23
62
33.0
721
644
485
31
454
159
132
27
2(4. b
89
607
442
- 442
165
152
13
^7.2
359
—
Major activity: other
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagriculatural industries
Unemployed
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Percent of 'abor force
Not in labor force
,
27
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-8.
Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race
[Numbers in thousands]
November 1978
Part-time labor force
Full-time labor force
Race, M X , and age
Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)
Employed
Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)
Total
Total
Fulltime
schedules 1
Part
time for
economic
reasons
Number
Percent of
full-time
labor force
Employed
on voluntary
part time 1
Number
Percent of
part-time
labor force
TOTAL
Both sexes 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Males, 16 years and over .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
85,488
8,954
78,201
7,097
3 , 117
365
2,752
75,085
11,045
64,040
52,854
11,185
3,173
695
414
102
312
2,759
619
2, 141
1,657
484
4,114
1,163
690
179
511
3,424
1,065
2,359
2,073
286
4,932
2,324
50,998
7, 130
43,868
35,934
7,934
49,828
4,000
1,777
48,051
6,270
41,781
34,228
7,554
1,376
336
199
1 , 177
295
882
666
216
2,119
596
348
1,771
566
1,206
1,042
164
32,166
28,374
4,022
1,896
30,269
5,598
24,671
20,650
4,020
3,097
1,340
27,034
4,776
22,259
18,628
3,631
1,797
359
215
1,582
324
1,259
991
267
1,995
566
342
1,653
499
1 , 153
1,031
122
47,590
44,844
3,630
1,623
43,221
5,606
37,616
30,695
6,921
1 , 139
284
175
964
241
722
545
177
1,607
437
269
1,339
399
939
a 03
136
20,956
17,371
3,584
24,468
2 , 763
1,222
23,246
4 , 177
19,069
15,791
3,278
1,467
309
192
1,274
267
1,006
799
208
1,458
392
238
1,220
340
881
781
99
5,732
4,983
370
154
4,829
664
4 , 165
3,533
632
238
52
24
213
54
159
120
39
511
159
79
432
167
266
238
27
3 , 9 06
334
118
3,789
599
3 , 191
2,837
354
330
50
22
308
57
252
1S2
60
537
175
104
433
159
274
250
24
4,220
645
3,575
81,268
1 ',729
6c,539
56,585
11,954
53,323
4.8
13.0
16.3
27.7
16,170
6, 159
4,971
3,183
14.3
4.2
8.4
3.4
3.7
2.4
1,78 8
11, 199
2,24 7
8,952
6,038
2,914
4.0
5,400
3,004
2,474
2,925
928
4,772
2,523
2,044
2,728
848
1,879
734
1,5 16
909
790
551
238
726
215
511
362
149
9. 4
14. 8
15.9
17.3
13.3
6.5
9.6
5.7
6.0
5.1
1,209
1,146
628
480
430
198
80
119
55
b3
10,770
12.1
15.0
3.5
7.9
2.7
2.9
2.1
9,883
2,726
2,138
7,745
1#183
6,562
4,942
1,620
888
429
359
528
136
3 93
307
86
8.2
13.6
14.4
6. 4
10.3
5.7
5.8
5.0
1,065
4,299
2,322
1,890
2,410
771
1,638
629
1,009
471
351
316
155
57
98
42
56
9-9
13. 1
3 4.3
6.0
6.9
5.6
6. 3
5.3
9,769
2,847
2,257
7,512
1,162
6,350
4,852
1,4S8
9,045
2,494
1,964
7 ,081
1,053
6,028
4,594
1,433
7 24
353
293
431
109
322
258
64
7.4
12. 4
13.0
5. 7
9. 4
5. 1
5.3
4.3
473
202
155
318
77
241
104
137
157
129
114
43
23
21
13
3
25.0
39. 0
42.5
11.9
22m 7
8*0
11.1
5.6
838
232
174
664
130
534
347
187
164
76
66
97
27
71
50
20
16.3
24.6
• 27.6
12.8
17.0
11.7
12.6
9.7
1,998
789
6.2
14.1
18.0
5.5
8.9
4.7
5.0
3.0
14,655
5,250
4,182
2,632
1,550
10,473
2,032
8,440
5,675
2,765
|
3, 155
2,497
8,274
1,319
6,955
5,250
1,705
11.6
16.0
17.4
6.8
8.6
6.0
7. 0
5.2
White
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
4,351
2,067
45,524
6,246
39,277
32,043
7,234
27,39 2
3,464
1,652
25,740
4,784
3.4
10.0
13.0
2.9
6.4
2.4
2.5
1.9
5.3
11.3
14. 4
4.7
7.1
4.2
4.5
2.8
4,770
2,673
2,205
2,565
829
1,736
672
Black and other
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
581
258
5,475
884
4,590
3,891
699
4,773
558
244
4,529
815
3,715
3,278
437
1
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the
full- and part-time employed categories.
28
8.9
27.4
30.7
7.9
18.8
5.8
6. 1
3.9
11.2
31.3
42.6
9.6
19.6
7.4
7.6
5.5
630
331
269
361
100
262
117
144
1,002
308
240
762
157
605
398
207
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-9. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship
[Numbers in thousands)
November 1978
Civilian labor force
Family relationship
Percent
of
Percent
of
labor
force
Keeping
house
Going
Other
reasons
Wives
With employed husband . .
With unemployed husband .
With husband not in labor foi
63.6
96,029 ! 5,629
5.5
58,258
32,375
! 8,881
2,850
14,151
40,824
20,739
1,166
17,303
23,724
21,455
451
1,818
Husbands'
With employed wife
With unemployed wife . . . .
With wife not in labor force
81.7
92.2
93.9
71.8
49.6
55.9
53.8
21.1
39,895
20,364
1,091
16,916
22,482
20,364
376
1,742
- 929
376
75
387
2.3
1.8
6.4
2.2
9,143
1,742
76
6,783
111
24
1
48
250
134
1,220
394
24
721
7,561
1,189
51
5,933
,242
,091
75
76
5.2
5.1
16.6
4.2
24,086
16,915
387
6,783
22,221
15,865
362
5,994
311
267
12
32
257
124
5
128
1,297
659
8
630
12,272
5,622
4,289
2,361
,570
900
428
242
11.3
13.8
9.1
9.3
9,020
5,218
1,613
2,189
1,308
167
148
993
6,094
4,771
1,217
106
369
14
37
318
1,248
266
212
770
3,449
3,251
1,394 !
499 !
1,358 |
2, 793
799
75
115
609
120
1 ,490
1 ,169
278
43
154
261
10
18
233
9,309
5, 143
616
589
383
700
141
88
471
2,962
13,843
6,522
4,717
,604
Relatives in husband wife familis
16-1 9 years
20-24 year,
....
Persons not living in families 2
1
Includes a :
families.
Employed
101,659
Total, 16 years and ov<
Women who head families
Relatives in female-headed families
16-19 years
20-24 years
25 years and over
Not in labor force
4 ,912
3 ,985
1 ,318
1 ,175
1 ,492
58.7
55.1
48.6
70.2
52.4
4 ,529
3 ,305
953
972
1 ,380
382
680
365
202
113
7.8
17.1
27.7
17.2
7.6
14 ,371
60.7
13 ,546
826
5.7
number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head
Individuals living alone or with unrelated persons plus a small number of persons i
secondary families.
A-10. Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race
Marital status, sex, age, and race
Unemployment
rates
Nov.
1977
Total, 16 years and over. . .
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
White, 18 years and over .
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black and other, 16 years and over .
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced or separated
Single (never married)
Total, 20 to 64 years of age .
Nov.
1978
7.8
6.7
6.3
8.0
1 1-3
5-5
6 .3
5.9
6-8
5.9
5.8
7.3
9.0
5.1
5.5
7.9
14.6
12. 1
10.8
10.9
24.5
8.3
9. 1
20.5
6.8
5.7
6.0
8. 1
8.2
5.3
6. 3
6.6
White, 20 to 64 years of age
5.9
5.0
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single {never married)
5.6
7.2
5.9
4.9
5.5
4.8
12.5
10.1
10.1
11-4
18.7
8.1
9.4
14.9
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black and other, 20 to 64 years of age .
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)
29
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-11. Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex
Unemployment rates
Thousands of persons
Total
Females
Males
Occupation
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1977
b,346
1,984
395
314
29 3
982
2,34U
604
284
320
996
192
552
136
416
1,049
63
986
135
834
60 9
144
82
Total, 16 years and over
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
3!ue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Carpenters and other construction craft
Al! other
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Construction laborers
All other ,
Service workers
Private household
All other
Farm workers
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years . . . .•
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1977
5,629
1,602
350
236
199
818
2,088
487
255
232
865
154
583
195
388
1,032
74
9 57
104
803
588
138
77
6.4
4. 1
2.7
3. 1
4. 8
5.6
7.1
4.8
7. 1
3.7
8.7
5.1
11.2
13.3
10.6
7.7
4.8
8.0
4.8
5.5
3.2
2,3
2^3
3. 1
4.5
6.1
3.7
6.3
2.5
7.2
4,0
11.3
18.3
9.5
7.4
5.9
7.5
3.9
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
5.4
2.8
1.9
2.4
4.0
4.4
6.4
4.6
7. 1
3.3
7.1
5.0
11-2
13.5
10.6
6.1
(1)
6.2
3.7
4.7
2. 1
1.8
2.0
2.2
3.2
5.5
3.7
6.2
2.5
5.5
3.9
11.6
18.4
9.6
6.1
(1)
6.1
2.5
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
7-8
5.3
3.7
5.2
5,8
5-9
10.4
7.9
(1)
8.2
10.9
7.2
10.9
(1)
11.2c
8.6
4.8
9.3
9,8
6.7
4.2
3.0
3.2
4.2
4.8
8.7
4.5
(D
3.4
9.6
4.8
8.5
(1)
8-2
8. 1
5.8
8.5
10.0
Percent not shown where base is less than 75.000.
A-12. Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex
Unemployment rates
Percent distribution
Total
Industry
Nov.
1977
Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mininq
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical equipment
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
Transportation and public utilities
Railroads and railway express
Other transportation
Communication and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finsnce insursnce snd redl estste
100.0
72.1
. 3
7.2
20.8
11.1
. 8
.7
.8
1.2
1.3
1
.4
8.1
19.9
10.7
.7
.8
.6
.9
1. 1
1.3
2.0
.7
-8
1.0
.6
.2
1.2
9.3
2.4
. 5
. 8
9.7
2.9
.9
1.6
1.0
2.2
.5
.9
.7
•
2. 1
.9
.6
3.4
1.0
. 5
.3
2.2
.9
20.4
2.6
7.6
9.8
.6
1.1
.5
2.9
.1
1.8
.9
20.3
J. 2
16.6
2.5
.
Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
30
100.0
7 1.5
1. 7
1. 9
1. 5
17.4
Professional services
Ail other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
All other classes of workers
No previous work experience
Nov.
1978
6.7
9.9
2.3
12.3
13. 1
12. 0
14.3
Nov.
1977
6.4
6.4
2.5
9.8
6. 1
5.5
7.6
8.4
6.5
Nov.
1978
5.5
5.4
2.5
9.3
4.9
4.5
5.8
6.0
7.6
4.8
4.0
4.3
2.9
4.9
3.9
4.2
3.6
6. 1
7.0
6.8
9.6
6.2
9.6
2.5
8.5
5.6
6.7
5.9
8.5
4.4
4.4
4.2
4.0
7.5
3. 4
6.8
5. 3
8. 9
4.5
2.4
6.9
4.5
3.0
1.3
4.0
2-4
6.2
3.5
5.5
3.8
7. 8
10.8
3. 1
2. 7
5.7
5.6
4.4
5.6
4.4
3.3
6.2
4.2
3.3
5.5
2.8
7.0
Females
Males
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1977
5.4
5.4
2.6
3.0
9.7
4.6
d)
9.5
3.7
11. 1
9.3
4.6
7.0
3.7
5.7
8.5
7.3
4.3
5.9
4.8
8.7
3.8
Nov.
1978
3.5
3.6
4.0
3. 1
5. 3
4.7
4.6
3.3
3.5
2.4
3.0
3.7
4.4
2. 9
7.8
7.7
(D
11.0
12.7
3.8
8-4
7.8
8.2
6.5
4.6
6.7
6.5
6.0
7.6
6.9
7.5
5.2
8.0
8.3
7.2
4.8
7.5
5.1
3.2
9.8
7.5
10.9
7.8
1.4
12.4
9.9
8.3
9.8
7.0
8.8
5.0
3.6
4.6
7.0
4.9
6.5
3.0
2.6
3.2
4.2
3.8
5.3
4.8
7.7
2.5
3.0
1.4
3.6
4.6
3.4
4.3
3.4
5.8
2.3
5.7
2.7
2. 0c
2.7
4.6
7.2
6. 1
2. 6
6.3
7.0
5. 5
10.0
18.5
4. 4
6.2
4.7
7.6
9.0
2.5
3.5
5. 1
1. 2
4.2
1.2
5.0
15.9
7.7
10.4
8.7
6.6
6.2
10.5
13.1
12.0
8.5
J.9
6.2
3.9
d)
6.7
5.1
4.0
(1)
3.2
3.8
8.6
4.5
7.4
4. 4
4.0
3.9
9.1
16.0
--
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-13. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Females, 20 years
and over
Males. 20 years
and over
Total
unemployed
Both sexes.
16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Reason for unemployment
NOV.
1977
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
NOV.
1977
Nov.
1978
1977
1978
1977
1978
Nov.
1978
1977
UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
. .
6,346
2,733
5,629
2,236
2,312
1,477
1,969
1, 162
2,491
963
2,181
779
1,543
293
1,479
294
4, 836
2,122
4,260
1,681
1,510
611
636
Total unemployed, in thousands. . . .
633
340
329
225
246
71
58
540
504
95
129
1,603
822
1,770
1 , 137
311
833
302
738
398
533
343
222
182
426
14 1
802
431
74
998
132
917
142
460
608
1,582
753
1,37 0
516
138
431
93
236
177
519
243
407
266
100-0
39.8
11.3
28.5
14.6
31.4
14.2
100.0
63.9
14.7
49.2
13.4
18.6
4.0
100.0
59. 1
16.7
42.4
15.3
21.9
3.7
100.0
38.6
9.0
29.6
16.0
40. 1
5.3
100.0
35.7
11.3
24.4
15.7
42.0
6.5
100.0
19.0
4.6
14.4
11.8
29.8
39.4
100.0
20.0
4.0
16.0
12.0
^8.5
39.6
100.0
43.9
11.2
32.7
15.6
28.3
12.2
100.0
39.4
11.8
27.6
16.0
32.0
12-6
100.0
40.4
6.3
34. 1
9. 1
34.3
16-1
100.0
40.5
9., 4
31. 1
10.3
2 9.8
19.4
5.5
2.2
.8
1. 7
.8
4-4
2.8
.6
.8
.2
3.7
2.1
.6
.8
.1
6.8
2.6
1. 1
2.7
.4
5-7
2.0
.9
2.4
.4
17.1
3.3
2.0
5.1
6.7
16.1
3.2
1.9
4.6
6.4
5.5
2. 4
.9
1.6
.7
4.8
1-9
-8
1.5
.6
13. 1
5.3
1.2
4.5
2. 1
11. 3
4-6
1.2
3.4
2. 2
2,097
890
1 ,889
833
422
586
590
1,177
68 1
1,362
53 6
1,369
555
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
100-0
43.1
10.0
33. 1
14.0
29.8
13. 1
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Total unemployment rate
Job loser rate1
Job leaver rate1
Reentrant rate1
New entrant rate1
6.4
2.7
.9
1.9
.8
Unemployment rates are calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force.
A 14
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age
[Percent distribution]
November 1978
Total unemployed
Duration of unemployment
Reason, sex, and age
Less than
5 weeks
Thousands
of persons
Total, 16 years and over . . .
Job losers
On layoff.
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
MBles, 20 years and over. . .
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Females, 20 years and over.
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
5 to 14
weeks
15 weeks
and over
5,629
100.0
49.0
32.0
2,236
633
1,603
822
1,770
802
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100. 0
46.6
65. 6
39.2
50.7
49.9
51.7
29.8
22.3
32.8
31.6
35.7
30.2
23.5
12.2
28.0
17.6
14.4
18.1
1,969
100.0
42.7
31.7
1, 162
329
833
302
431
74
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
43.9
63.5
36.1
39. 1
45. 1
30. 1
24.0
32.5
34. 1
32.8
(1)
2, 181
100. 0
49.9
779
246
533
343
917
142
100.0
100.0
100.0
100. 0
100. 0
1C0.C
1, 479
294
58
236
177
422
586
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
10.7
8.4
12-3
11-9
11.3
4.4
14.0
b. 1
6.7
6.2
25.6
12-1
13.6
2b. 1
12.5
31.3
26.8
22.1
d)
1 1.2
14.9
5.5
18.6
11.3
10.7
(1)
d)
31.9
18.3
1 1.4
6.8
44.7
60.7
37.2
51.7
53.5
50.0
30.6
25. 1
33. 1
31.1
33.3
32.4
24.8
14.2
29.7
17.2
13.2
17.6
16.3
10. 1
19.2
13.1
12.0
8.5
4.0
10.5
4.1
6.7
5.6
100. 0
56.1
32.5
11.4
7.7
3.8
100. 0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
62.7
26.8
10.5
5.8
(D
(D
54.7
68.9
46.9
55.5
(D
33. 1
28.2
43.6
28.3
7.7
14.0
11.6
7.7
7.0
12.7
15.6
11.4
6.5
(1)
(D
12.3
2.8
9.5
6.8
1.7
6.4
16.2
11.6
4.7
(D
5.5
1. 1
3. 1
4.6
Percent not ihown where bate It lew than 75,000.
31
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-16. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex. age, and race
November 1978
Thousands of persons
Methods used as a percent of total j o b m k e o
Sex, age, and race
ployed
Total, 16 years and over. .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
5,629
Males, 16 years and over. . .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
2,747
778
1,479
1,280
1, 28 1
660
495
Total
jobseekers
4,886
1,396
1 , 142
1,056
Public
employ-
23.9
14.6
26. 7
32.2
Employer
directly
5. 5
2. 0
6. 1
9 . .0
6.4
5. 7
4. 4
6. 3
72.5
78.4
72.9
67.7
13.3
69.3
64.5
62.0
29.5
22.7
33.7
34.9
29.7
29.5
26.6
24.1
12.6
10.0
10.0
17.1
13.9
11.1
16.9
20.3
6.2
6.0
6.0
4.7
6.2
6.4
14.9
3.8
1.50
1.34
1.56
1.66
1.54
1.50
1.50
1.35
562
404
248
79
24.7
28.0
645
587
264
245
172
55
2,324
732
557
443
207
203
131
51
24. 5
13.8
28.7
37.5
27.5
26. 1
1d. 3
5. 0
1. 6
b. 3
8. 1
8. 2
5. 4
2. 3
(1)
72.0
78.8
74.0
61.6
73.9
6 7.5
66.4
27.2
20. 1
29. 4
37.5
30.0
27.6
19.1
15.1
11.9
11.5
21.7
17.9
15.8
19.8
(1)
8.1
6.3
8.3
7.0
8.7
9.9
18.3
(D
1-52
3.33
1.58
1.7 3
1.66
1.52
1.44
(1)
Females, 16 years and otfer
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
2,882
701
635
694
396
249
169
39
2,56 2
664
58 5
614
355
201
117
27
23. 5
15.5
24.3
28.3
23. 1
29.4
20. 5
(D
5. 9
2. 4
6. 2
9. 4
5. 1
6.0
6. 8
(1)
73.0
77.9
72.0
72.0
73.2
71. 1
61.5
(1)
31.6
2 5.8
37.8
33.2
29.6
31.8
34.2
(1)
10.3
7.8
8.5
13.8
11.5
7.0
13.7
4.5
5.7
3.8
3. 1
4.8
3.0
11.1
1.49
1.35
1.53
1.60
1.47
1.48
1.54
White, 16 years and over •
Males
Females
4,260
2,078
2 , 162
3,t>56
1,752
1,904
21.7
22.5
21. J
4. 9
3. 9
5. 8
72.9
71.9
73.fi
30.0
27.7
32. 1
12.7
15.6
10.1
6.4
8.3
4.7
1.49
1.50
1.48
Black and other, 16 years
and over
Males
Females
1,369
669
700
1,230
572
658
30.7
30.6
30.5
7. 2
8. 4
b. 1
71.5
72.2
70.8
28.0
25.7
J0o 1
12.2
13.6
10-9
5.7
7.7
4.0
1.55
1. 58
1.52
1
341
93
22. 2
19.0
(D
Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
(D
d)
(D
(D
d)
waiting to begin a new wage and salary job within 30 days are not actually seeking jobs. It
should also be noted that the percent using each method will always total more than 100
because many jobseekers use more than one method.
NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed because persons on layoff or
A-16. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment
November
Thousands of persons
1978
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Sex and reason
Total
unemployed
Total
job
seekers
Public
employ
Private
employ-
ment
agency
ment
agency
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
5,629
2,236
822
1, 770
802
4,886
1,614
821
1 , 657
793
23.9
33. 1
24.7
1 8. 8
15.3
5.5
7.3
6. 1
5.3
1.6
72.5
72. 1
73.7
69 7
78.4
Males, 16 years and over
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
2,747
1,34 1
40 2
647
358
2,324
98 J
397
591
353
24. 5
33.9
1 5.7
14.2
5.0
7. 1
4.0
3.9
2.0
2,882
895
420
1,123
444
2,562
631
424
1 , 066
440
^3.5
3z. 0
25.7
20.5
16.4
5.9
7.6
8.0
5.9
1.4
Females, 1 6 years and over
....
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
N e w entrants
NOTE: Stenott, table A-1B.
32
Employer
directly
Placed
or answered
ads
Friends
or
relatives
72.0
71.9
72.8
70.6
73.4
29.5
31. 8
34. 1
28.1
23.0
27.2
28.2
33.8
22.3
25.5
12.6
14.9
11.7
12.7
8.8
15.1
15.6
13.6
19.0
73.0
72.3
74o3
69.0
82.5
31.6
37.6
34.4
31.3
20.9
10.3
13.8
9.3
9.9
9.2
8.2
Other
6.2
6. 1
4.6
7. 2
5.9
8. 1
Average
number of
methods
used
1.50
1.65
1.55
1. 42
1.33
6.8
7. 1
10. 3
9.3
1. 52
1»63
1 . 55
1. 42
1.34
4. 5
5. 1
2. 4
5.5
3.2
1. 49
1. 68
! • 55
1.41
1.32
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-17. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Full-time workers
Total
Thousand* of persons
Duration of unemployment
Nov.
1977
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
Nov.
1978
6,346
Nov.
1978
100.0
100.0
4,758
43.8
31.5
23.4
8. 1
24.7
12.1
12.6
6.0
6.6
49.0
32.0
23.9
8.0
19.0
10.7
fa.a
Percent distribution
Nov.
1978
1977
Nov.
1978
4,114
100.0
100. 0
1,914
1,474
1,118
357
1,370
649
72 1
339
381
1,871
1,319
973
347
924
506
417
178
239
40.2
31.0
23.5
7.5
28.8
13.6
15.2
7.1
8.0
45. 5
32. 1
23.7
8.4
22. 5
12. 3
10. 1
4.3
5.8
14.9
7.3
2,757
1,800
1,347
453
1,072
601
472
20 1
270
13.3
6.6
1977
Nov.
5,629
2,781
1,997
1,485
512
1,568
768
8C0
378
422
Thousands of persons
PwoBnt distribution
12.2
6.0
NOV.
1977
10.9
5.2
3.6
4.8
Nov.
A-18. Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status
Thousands of persons
Average
Total, 16 years and over
,
5 to 14
weeks
Nov.
1978
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Less than
5 weeks
NOV.
Sex, age, race, and marital status
1978
Nov.
1978
5,629
2,072
2,757
1,138
8 30
Total
1,479
1,280
1,281
646
591
15 to 26
weeks
Nov.
1978
1,800
668
480
416
41 1
216
149
86
42
601
187
114
137
165
869
340
245
213
192
76
66
51
26
27 weeks
and over
(mean)
duration,
in weeks
NOV.
NOV.
NOV.
Nov.
1978
1978
1978
1977
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1977
NOV.
1978
43.8
52.8
55.4
43.5
40.2
41.9
35.1
34.5
34.2
49.0
54.9
56.1
50.5
46.2
46.2
40.7
43.4
38.2
24.7
14.8
12.7
23.3
26.4
30.3
34.6
36.3
43.8
19.0
12.8
1 1.4
17. 1
21.7
21.1
29.2
31.4
17.0
39.7
49.6
51.8
40.6
33.9
35.8
30.5
30.4
33.4
46.9
56.4
57.7
48.9
40.6
44.9
J7.2
35. 1
(D
27.2
16.3
14.2
24.0
31.8
36.2
38.7
38.8
41.2
47.8
56.3
59.4
46.5
46.2
46.3
38.3
38.9
50.9
22.3
16.8
53.4
54.3
52. 1
50.9
47. 1
44. 1
51.9
(D
13. 2
1 1. i
22.5
21.3
25.*
31.8
33.7
13. 7
12.1
15.9
17-6
17.5
22.6
27.7
(1)
(D
51.2
49.3
53.1
^3.9
25.6
^2.2
17.3
19.1
15.5
10.9
7.9
5.2
4.6
4.5
472
78
56
82
113
62
61
72
6
17.7
10.9
296
88
58
65
89
31
27
16
9
293
12.3
41
26
53
67
39
61
44
3
7.6
10,2
13.9
14.3
21.7
21.6
11.6
8-4
3 05
179
9.5
4.9
99
55
72
75
46
37
19
1
37
30
29
46
23
20
28
3
8.3
8.0
9.2
9.3
9.5
4.7
4.6
4.8
4.9
5.6
6.9
4.8
4.9
77
Less than 5 weeks as a 15 weeks and over as a
percent of unemployed percent of unemployed
in group
in group
Median
duration
in weeks
7.7
9.7
11.4
11.4
16.6
5.0
5.8
5.9
7.7
7.2
6.8
660
495
341
93
3 05
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
2,747
1,076
1,289
778
645
587
264
245
172
55
607
449
315
238
119
91
60
16
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
2,882
1,468
995
701
635
396
249
169
39
531
381
330
353
186
110
88
20
930
328
235
203
219
140
83
34
15
White, 16 years and over.
Males
Females
4,260
2,078
2,182
2,183
1,024
1,158
1,342
657
685
409
200
209
326
197
130
10.2
1U5
4.9
9«0
4.7
44.7
41.7
47.7
Black and other, 16 years and over
Males . . . .
Females
1,369
669
700
574
264
310
458
212
246
192
96
96
145
96
49
12.9
15.1
10.8
7.3
8.1
6.6
40.9
33.1
47.9
42.0
39.5
44.3
27.4
32.7
22.6
24.6
28.8
20.7
886
382
269
102
132
14.2
6. 8
35. 8
43.2
30. 5
26 .4
309
1,552
146
760
89
511
35
159
40
121
15. 1
10.7
5.8
5.2
37.0
43.2
47. 2
4 9.0
34. 9
23-3
24. 1
18. 1
1,318
649
435
146
87
9.8
5.2
47.8
49.3
21.7
17.7
503
243
576
173
51
107
36
9.8
9.0
44« 4
49.5
48. 4
54.2
26. 4
20.9
17.3
56
5.4
4.6
Miles, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or
separated
Single (never married)
Females, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or
separated
Single (never married)
1
6 94
1,061
202
148
36
323
64
35
10
7.3
11.6
13.6
9.9
5.8
4.4
4.3
5.3
7. 1
6.4
8.9
9. 1
5.2
,
21.4
12-0
10.8
18.2
26.6
26.5
3 5.9
35.1
(1)
15.3
rVotnt not shown when bsne is Jess then 75,000.
33
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-19. Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job
Thousands of parsons
15 to 26
weeks
Lass than
5wMki
Occupation and industry
Nov.
1978
NOV.
1978
Average
(mean)
duration.
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1978
duration,
inwaaks
Last than 5 waaks
at a par cant of
unemployed in group
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1977
15 weeks and over
as a par cant of
unamployad in group
27 weeks
and over
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1978
NOV.
Nov.
1978
1977
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and managerial . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
1,60 2
586
199
818
701
223
92
386
519
175
74
270
211
103
19
89
172
85
14
73
12.5
15.1
9.6
11.3
6.4
7.9
5.6
5.7
40.7
33.7
46.7
44.0
43.7
38. 1
46.3
47.2
28.5
31.5
25.4
27.4
23.9
32, 1
16.4
19.8
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport . . .
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
2,088
487
865
154
583
1,061
247
427
71
316
655
153
274
48
180
196
43
80
21
51
176
43
84
14
36
10.5
11.2
10.4
11.6
9.9
4.9
4.9
5.2
5.7
4.6
44.2
42.3
46.1
40-3
44. 1
50.8
50.7
49.4
46.4
54.2
23.7
29.1
23.4
26.8
17.5
17.8
17.8
19.0
22.5
14.9
Service workers
1,032
356
88
72
10.0
5.0
45.7
50.0
21.1
15.5
79
275
531
255
276
79
584
688
54
36
151
354
199
155
51
372
508
56
13
25
134
85
49
25
1 16
163
25
3
34
109
65
44
29
82
128
27
6.3
9.3
11.3
12.4
9.9
16.8
9.9
11.2
15.8
4.1
4.4
5.7
7.0
4.7
6.2
4.9
5.7
9.4
63.0
43.4
43.9
42.3
45.7
40.8
44.8
42.1
38.6
60.6
56.6
47. 1
42.2
52.7
42.8
50.7
46.3
33.5
7.5
25.8
25.8
27.7
23.7
30.6
25.1
23.6
26.9
11.7
12.3
21.5
24.9
17.7
29.2
17.1
19.5
32.1
416
242
95
50
10.3
4.8
45.4
51.8
25.7
18.1
INDUSTRY
1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries . .
Public administration
No previous work experience .
1
130
486
1,128
605
524
184
1, 153
1 ,486
163
803
Includes wage and salary workers only.
A 2 0 . Employed persons by sex and age
Age and type of industry
1977
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
92,473
7,490
3,044
4,446
13,072
57,856
23,831
17,491
16,535
11, 157
6,953
4,204
2,898
96,029
7,712
3,098
4,6 14
13,696
60,187
25,223
18,404
16,561
11,458
7,154
4,304
2,976
54,590
4,012
1,664
2,348
7,077
34,781
14,330
10,465
9,986
6,877
4,229
2,647
1,845
55,976
4,021
1.591
2,429
7,413
35,626
1u.r 998
10,887
9,842
7,016
4,345
2,671
1,900
37,884
3,478
1,380
2,098
5,996
23,076
9,501
7,027
6,549
4,280
2,723
1,557
1,053
40,054
3,692
1,507
2,185
6,283
24,56 1
10,324
7,517
6,719
4,443
2,809
1,633
1,076
Nonagricurtural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
89,292
7,140
2,866
4,274
12,718
56,235
23,307
16,982
15,945
10,625
6,643
3,981
2,576
92,929
7,424
2,957
4,467
13,304
58,585
24,616
17,928
16,041
10,552
6,669
4,082
2,665
52,010
3,715
1,510
2,205
6,772
33,533
13,926
10,071
9,536
6,426
3,972
2,454
1,564
53,470
3,792
1,481
2.311
7,095
34,364
14,419
10,524
9,421
6,598
4,126
2,472
1,621
37,282
3,425
1,356
2,069
5,946
22,700
9,381
6.911
6,408
4,199
2,672
1,527
1,012
39,459
3,632
1,476
2,156
6,209
24,221
10,197
7,404
6,619
4,353
2,743
1,610
1,04 4
3,181
350
177
173
355
1,623
523
509
590
532
309
223
322
3,100
289
142
147
392
1,602
606
476
520
506
285
222
311
2,580
297
153
143
304
1,247
404
393
449
451
258
193
281
2,506
229
111
118
318
1,263
479
363
421
417
218
199
278
601
53
24
29
50
376
120
116
140
81
51
30
41
59 5
60
31
NOV.
Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
JK years andjwer
34
29
73
340
127
113
100
89
66
23
32
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-21.
Employed parsons by occupation, sax, end age
{In thousands]
Mates, 20 years and over
Femala*, 20 yaari and over
Mala*. 16-19 yaart
Famatas, 16-19 yaais
Occupation
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
92,473
96,029
50r578
51,955
34,405
36,362
4,012
4,021
3,478
3,692
White-cotlar workers
46,689
48 # 355
21,951
22,230
22,27 4
23,595
640
647
1,825
1,883
Professional and technical
14,224
2,555
3,241
8,428
14,642
2,663
3,217
8,762
8,097
895
936
6,266
8,223
S45
917
6,361
5,981
1,647
2,280
2,054
6,225
1,693
2,271
2,26 1
7f
2
9
60
106
76
10
17
49
88
22
19
47
Managers and administrators, except farm . .
Salaried workers
Self-employed workers in retail trade . . ...
Self-employed workers, except retail trade
9,995
8, 172
888
934
10,148
8,451
8 18
878
7,664
6,235
614
816
7,670
6,336
586
748
2,227
1,837
274
1 16
2,393
2,033
232
128
53
53
49
47
1
1
49
47
36
36
Sales workers
Retail trade
Other industries
5,786
3, 159
2,627
6,174
3,298
2,876
2,975
951
2,024
3 , 139
1,000
2, 138
2,165
1,631
534
2,380
1,691
689
247
20 3
44
227
195
32
399
374
25
428
41 1
17
16,684
4,654
12,0 30
17,392
4,833
12,559
3,214
69
3, 145
3,199
77
3, 122
11,901
4,210
7,691
12,597
4,392
8,205
269
6
263
265
4
261
1,300
369
931
1,331
36 0
97 1
5,086
5,526
2,195
2,269
403
47 0
430
98
91
124
35
472
73
99
167
38
45
2
53
1
7
5
TOTAL
Health workers
Teachers, except college
Other professional and technical
Clerical workers
Stenographers", typists, and secretaries
Other clerical workers
.. .
,
.. .
Blue-collar workers . .
30,554 I 3 2 , 110
22,870
23,845
Nov.
1978
NOV.
1977
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1977
3
10
93
Craft and kindred workers
Carpenters
Construction craft, except carpenters . . . .
Mechanics and repairers
Metal craft
Blue-collar worker supervisors, not elsewhei
classified
All other .
12,100
1,228
z,492
3,316
1, 172
12,650
1,263
2,501
3,36 6
1,270
11,060
1, 122
2,374
3,142
1,110
11,427
1, 185
2,365
3,151
1,200
565
6
28
52
24
698
4
30
43
1,612
2,280
1,705
2,546
1,452
1,860
1,510
2,016
146
309
179 I
4 09 |
10
73
13
82
4
3d
3
39
Operatives, except transport
Durable goods manufacturing
Nondurable goods manufacturing
Other industries
10,507
4,796
3,313
2,398
11,206
5,128
3,648
2,429
5,649
3,007
1,208
1,435
6, 122
3,176
1,460
1,486
3,940
1,476
1,868
595
4,114 !
1,59 4
1,916
60 3
654
217
126
310
6 80
256
138
286
264
96
111
57
29 0
10 2
134
54
Transport equipment operatives
Drivers, motor vehicles
All other
3,556
3,003
553
3,66S
3,167
501
3,108
2,622
436
3,167
2,708
458
238
217
21
304
285
20
202
158
45
174
152
21
8
6
1
24
22
2
Nonfarm laborers
Construction
Manufacturing
Other industries
4,391
882
1,004
2,505
4,585
87 1
1,067
2,647
3,053
716
747
1,590
3,129
717
780
344
14
107
223
410
1S
139
252
909
151
136
622
944
132
133
679
86
2
15
70
102
3
15
85
6,628
6,848
920
913
1,216
1,299
965
5,663
2, 116
102
3,445
917
5,931
2,249
132
3,550
22
898
562
13
323
10
904
556
21
327
223
992
682
5
305
235
1,06 4
72 8
4
332
4 17
393
257
191
J5
40
35
25
10
38
30
3 3
!
1 ,63 1
Service workers .
12,557
12,978
3,794
3, 918
Private household workers
Service workers, except private household .
Food service workers
Protective service workers
All other
1,240
11,317
4,099
1,321
5,897
1,178
1 1,8C0
4,292
1,413
6,095
30
3,763
738
1,201
1,824
16
2,674
2,586
1,964
3,902
758
1,256
1, 88 8
1,962
Farmers and farm managers . .
1,470
1,458
1,349
1,325
101
122
20
9
Farm laborers and supervisors
Paid workers
Unpaid family workers
1,204
923
280
1, 128
615
599
17
637
606
31
317
113
204
27 1
123
148
237
181
146
35
Farm workers . .
905
187
50
2
35
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-22.
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race
[Percent distribution]
Occupation and race
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
92,473
100.0
96,029
100.0
54,590
100.0
55,976
100.0
37,884
100. 0
40,054
100.0
50.5
15.4
10. 8
6.3
18. 0
50.4
15.2
10.6
6.4
18.1
41.4
15.0
14.1
5.9
6.4
40.9
14.9
13.8
6.0
6.2
63. 6
16. 0
6. 0
6. 8
34. 8
63.6
15.8
6.1
7.0
34.8
33.0
13. 1
11.4
3.8
. 4.7
33.4
13.2
11 .7
3.8
4.8
45.9
21.0
11.5
6. 1
7.3
46.7
21.3
12.2
6.0
14. 5
1.6
1. 1
15.0
1.9
11.0
.8
1.3
20. 7
3. 1
17.6
20.3
2.9
17.5
1.2
1.1
.3
.8
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
...
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Manager; and administrators, except farm .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
7.3
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers
13.6
1.3
12.2
13.5
1.2
12.3
8.6
. 1
8.5
2.7
1.5
1.2
4. 1
2.5
1.6
8.6
8.6
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors . . j,
2.9
1. 6
1. 3
3.8
2.4
1.5
11. 1
6
3
9
Whit*
82,451
100.0
85,261
100.0
49,220
100.0
50,282
100.0
33,231
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
52.2
15.8
11.6
6.7
18.2
52.1
15.7
11.3
6.8
18.3
42.9
15.5
15.0
6.3
6.1
42.5
15.4
14.6
6.4
6.0
66. 1
16.2
6.4
7.4
36. 1
65.9
16. 1
6-5
7.5
35.9
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
32.5
13.5
11.0
3.7
4.4
33.0
13.7
11.2
3.7
4.5
45.1
21.5
11.2
5.8
6.6
45.9
21.9
11.7
5.6
6.7
14.0
1.7
10.5
.7
14.5
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers . . .
12.2
1.0
11.2
12.1
.9
11.2
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers . .
Farm laborers and-supervisors .
3.0
1. 7
1. 3
2.8
1.7
1. 1
100.0
1.1
34,97 9
100.0
1.9
10. 4
.8
1.3
7.9
. 1
7.8
7.7
. 1
7.7
4.2
2.7
1.5
3.9
2.6
1.3
1.3
.3
1.0
1.2
5,370
100.0
5,694
100.0
4,652
100.0
5,075
100.0
18.7
2m3
16.3
18.5
2. 1
16.3
-3
.8
Black and other
Total, 16 years and over (thousands).
Percent
10,022
100.0
10.768
100.0
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
36. 1
12.2
4. 7
2.4
16. e
36.6
11.7
4.9
3. 1
16.9
27.7
10.2
6.0
2.5
9.0
26.6
10.0
6.3
2.7
7.6
45.9
14.5
3.2
2.4
25.8
47.8
13.5
3.3
3. 7
27. 3
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport . . .
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
37. 2
S.7
14.7
5.0
7.9
36.7
8.8
15.7
5.1
7. 1
53.7
16.9
14.3
8.9
13.6
53.0
15.4
16.5
8.9
12.3
18.1
1.3
15.2
.4
1.2
18.3
1.4
14.9
.8
1.3
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers . . .
24.7
4.2
20. 5
24.5
3.7
20.8
15.6
.2
15.4
16.6
35.3
8.8
26.5
33.3
7.9
25.5
1.9
. 4
1.6
2.2
.4
1.8
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers . .
Farm laborers and supervisors .
1
Ltw than 0.06 percent.
36
3. 1
.7
2.4
16.6
3.7
.7
3.0
.7
(D
.6
.5
. 1
.4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-23.
Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex
fin thousands]
November 1978
Nonagricultural industries
Age and sex
Agriculture
Wage and salary workers
Total
Government
Wage and
salary
workers
Self
employed
family
workers
419
18
13
4
29
70
112
106
58
43
15
26
1,298
226
113
113
273
311
160
149
117
70
47
62
1,561
241
20
4
16
98
253
271
43
25
18
20
42
45
11,214
7,470
4,742
2,728
1,598
6,341
111
48
63
345
1,431
1 , 490
1,J54
1,095
624
471
515
324
355
194
161
240
47
35
21
14
9
7,717
212
56
157
637
2 , 178
1,763
1,641
1,091
703
388
195
41,025
4,541
1,419
66
67
29
38
221
9 83
1,052
1,000
835
27
10
6
3
11
1,020
3,444
1,347
2,097
6,209
11,246
7,700
6,767
4,644
2,921
1,723
1,014
178
91
86
211
247
123
113
91
49
42
57
16
2
13
91
224
240
307
323
168
155
219
7,888
296
103
193
924
2,351
1,714
1,491
983
631
352
129
28,178
278
142
86, 168
7,295
2,895
4,400
12,929
23,115
16,326
14,580
9,798
6,202
3,596
2, 125
1,361
290
206
84
72
182
126
234
254
126
128
20 3
15,604
508
159
349
1,56 1
4,529
3,476
3 , 132
2,074
1,334
740
324
69,203
6,496
2,530
Males, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
48,902
3,715
1,445
2,270
6,862
13,436
9,472
8, 422
5,761
3,638
2,123
1,234
160
58
42
16
16
11
10
13
26
14
12
26
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
37,267
3,580
1 450
2, 130
6,067
9,680
6,854
6, 158
4,037
2, 564
1,473
890
1,202
232
164
68
57
171
116
220
228
113
116
177
A-24.
workers
Other
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
!
Unpaid
family
Self
employed
Private
household
workers
3,967
11,297
18,404
12,724
3,052
1, 182
1,870
I
—
--2
—
489
346
383
3
4
392
8
7
1
1,8C0
44
19
25
124
448
438
355
261
136
125
131
5,087
7,158
5,024
4,447
2,826
1,821
1,005
584
18
7C
112
107
56
43
13
22
35
17
18
17
8
—
1
3
—
2
2
48
22
26
63
64
37
35
26
21
5
5
175
8
8
—
3
34
45
46
32
20
4
1
3
7
29
31
18
32
25
6
21
12
6
Employed persons by industry and occupation
[in thousands]
November 1978
Blue-collar workers
White-collar workers
Service workers
Industry
Total
employed
Managers
and
adminisstrators,
except
farm
Professional and
technical
workers
Sales
workers
Clerical
workers
6
89
97
443
Craft
and
kindred
workers
Operatives,
except
transport
Transport
equipment
operatives
Nonfarm
laborers
Private
household
workers
Other
Farm
workers
service
workers
Total, 16 years and over:
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real
estate
Services . .
Private households
Other service industries
Public administration
3 , 10J
864
6 , 154
22,023
13,148
8,874
68
136
154
2,215
1,470
745
32
75
718
1,507
828
679
iy
478
201
276
6,373
19,535
3,727
15,808
511
40 2
135
2*7
567
3,654
773
2,881
50
4 , 174
876
3,298
5,520
27,516
1,402
26, 114
4,944
297
9,9 49
11
9,9?^
909
1,073
1,876
1,269
176
__
in
37
238
26
232
269
—
--
49
52
179
783
376
407
204
23
871
1,067
634
433
—
—
--
3
10
28
421
238
183
485
1,230
270
960
—
—
—
—
213
3,451
38
3,412
—
61
526
123
403
117
—
1,178
1,178
251
6,363
56
6,307
1,061
—
2,546
1,477
1,070
3,473
4,229
2,796
1,434
8,777
5, 128
3,648
1,480
3,417
721
1,328
1,484
345
168
987
193
2,696
1,139
794
1,572
737
376
361
2,471
5,050
9
5,041
1,797
88
1,459
10
1,449
314
7
710
3
707
32
4
228
12
216
65
2,586
—
—
--
-_
•
1,876
647
176
1
—
__
—
37
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-25.
Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex
[in thousands]
Nonagricultural industries
All
industries
Wage and salary workers1
Total
Reason not working
Paid abMnces2
Nov.
1977
Males, 16 year and over
..
Females, 16 years and over . . . .
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3
1
NOV.
1977
Nov.
1978
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
NOV.
1977
Nov.
1978
3,577
1, 182
1,388
68
144
795
Total, 16 years and over
Vacation
llness
Bad weather
ndustrial dispute
All other reasons
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3
Nov.
1978
Unpaid absences?
3, 918
1,502
1,411
101
61
843
3,470
1,15b
1,356
50
144
763
3,759
1,470
1,370
75
59
785
1,614
891
577
1,745
1,062
559
1,473
180
647
1,557
253
703
146
124
645
601
2,189
832
802
555
2,300
996
753
552
2,091
808
776
506
2, 172
968
722
482
1,098
662
354
82
1,113
723
316
74
74 7
85
33 8
324
781
144
341
29 5
1,388
350
58 6
452
1,618
506
b58
453
1 ,379
348
580
452
1,587
503
648
437
516
22 9
222
65
631
338
243
50
726
96
310
320
777
1 10
36 1
3 07
includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
Excludes private household.
2
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial dispute; these categories
are included in all other reasons.
A-26.
Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work
November 1978
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
Hours of work
All
industries
Nonagricultural
industries
Agr,culture
All
industries
Nonagricultural
industries
Agriculture
92,111
89, 170
2,941
100.0
100.0
100.0
1-34 hours
1-4 hours
5-14 hours
15-29 hours
30-34 hours
22,378
765
4,442
11,363
5,808
21,495
723
4,225
10,922
5,625
882
42
217
441
182
24.3
4.8
12.3
6.3
24.1
.8
4.7
12.2
6.3
30.0
1.4
7.4
15.0
6.2
35 hours and over
35-39 hours
40 hours
69,734
6,433
37,709
25,592
10,387
6,794
6,41 1
67,675
6,300
37,218
24,157
1C, 101
8,397
5,659
2,060
133
491
1,436
2 86
398
752
75.7
7.0
40.9
27.8
1U3
9.5
7.0
75.9
7.1
41.7
27.1
11.3
9.4
6.3
70.0
4.5
16.7
48.8
9.7
13.5
25.6
38.7
38.6
43.7
43.2
43.0
50.8
Total, 16 years and over . . .
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over
Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time
schedules
38
P8
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-27. Persons at work 1 - 34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours
[Numbers in thousands]
November 1978
Nohagricultural industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Usually
work
part time
Usually
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
22,378
6 r 362
15,131
1,801
490
2,977
1,241
822
79
225
115
1,736
454
5,360
13,396
11,384
672
28
476
1,318
2,155
1,585
21.3
20.6
871
4,937
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
21,495
672
28
476
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
15,646
1,373
945
81
227
120
19,206
11,749
858
1,948
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
6,730
3,174
1,435
81
227
120
1,311
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
1,276
79
225
1 # 311
115
1,282
13,846
11,749
18,518
11#384
5, 122
209
836
1,318
570
1,897
540
27
475
1,299
2,061
836
1,713
540
27
475
1,531
1,299
53 0
23. 1
26.2
20.0
18.4
21.4
20.6
23.3
26.3
20. 1
1b. 4
510
2,838
361
2,099
815
4,810
460
2 r 756
355
2,054
858
1,739
1,282
A-28. Nonagricultural workers by industry and full- or part-time status
[Numbers in thousands]
November 1978
Full- or part-time status
Average
hours,
total
at work
Industry
On full-time schedules
Total
at
On part time
for economic
reasons
On
voluntary
part time
Tout
40 hours
or less
41 to 48
hours
49 hours
or more
89,170
2,977
13,396
72,797
48,640
10,101
14,056
82,817
2,633
12,266
67,918
46,497
9,541
11,880
4,719
192
252
4,275
3,138
493
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
20,801
12,363
8,438
510
187
323
6 96
287
4 10
19,595
11,889
7,705
12,881
7,701
5,181
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
5,816
16,940
4,944
128
766
69
460
4,592
559
5,228
11,582
4,316
Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration
24,077
1,311
22,766
4,730
897
157
740
60
5,446
721
4,725
241
5,934
419
322
22
963
167
Total, 16 years and over'
Wage and salary workers
Construction
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1
Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules
38.6
43.0
644
38.8
40.7
3,504
2, 195
1,308
3,210
1,993
1,216
41.3
4 1.9
40.6
42.6
42.7
42.4
3,536
7,128
3,224
656
1,924
493
1,036
2,530
599
4 1.0
36.1
38-5
43.4
43.7
41.2
17,734
433
17,301
4,429
12,740
310
12,430
3,412
1,874
38
1,836
463
3, 120
85
3,03 5
554
36.0
23.5
36.7
39.9
42.4
42.8
42.4
41.3
4,649
230
2,008
134
543
17
2,098
79
42.1
35.4
48.9
46.2
42.5
Includes mining, not shown separately.
39
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-29.
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, sex, age, race, and marital status
[Numbers in thousands]
November 1978
Average
Sex, age, race, and marital status
at
work
On part
time for
economic
reasons
voluntary
part time
40 hours
or less
41 hours
or more
hours.
total
at work
workers
on full-time
schedules
TOTAL
Both sexes, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years . . . .
65 years and over . . .
89,170
12,232
7,235
2,885
4,351
81;935
12,871
69,064
40,980
25,589
2,495
2,977
Males, 16 years and o v e r . . .
16 to 21 years . .
16 to 19 years . . .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over .
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years .
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
51,z98
6,319
3,698
1,442
2,256
47,601
6,861
40,740
24,053
15, 171
1,515
1,225
37,872
5,914
3,538
1,443
2,095
34,334
6,010
28,324
16,927
10,417
1,748
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years . .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years . . .
25 years and over . . .
25 to 44 years . . .
45 to 64 years . .
65 years and over . .
..
. . .
068
400
101
299
2,577
591
1,987
1 , 174
695
118
312
186
57
131
1,041
26S
772
472
239
61
356
213
44
169
1,535
32 1
1,214
980
701
456
56
79,130
46,056
33,074
2,445
1,018
1,427
13,396
4,935
3,933
2,463
1,469
9,463
1,905
7,558
3,852
2,480
1,226
72,797
6,629
2,902
48,640
4,998
2,222
24,157
1,631
680
58
621
321
263
2,583
69,895
10,375
59,519
35,954
22,414
1,151
1,962
46,418
7,388
39,029
23,230
15,036
764
387
4,200
2,329
1,875
1,190
45,869
3,678
1,635
27,297
2,553
1,175
18,572
1,125
195
157
686
1,439
44,236
5,8C1
38,434
2J,108
14,527
1,017
26,124
3,707
22,416
13,150
8,747
18,112
2,094
16,018
9,958
5,780
798
517
281
26,928
2,952
1,268
21,343
2,446
1, 048
5,585
2,324
791
1 ,534
473
405
656
9, 196
2,606
2,057
1,274
23,477
2,987
20,490
12,724
7,378
460
38
422
38. 6
30.1
26.4
18. 4
31.7
39.6
37. a
40. 1
40.6
40.3
28.9
43. 0
40.9
40.7
38.0
41.0
43. 1
41.8
43.3
43.4
43. 1
43.0
41.6
31.7
28.0
19.5
33.5
42.6
39.2
43.2
43.9
43.3
30.7
44.3
41.8
41.6
37.6
42.1
44.4
42.8
44.6
44.8
44.3
42.7
40.7
39.7
39.5
38. 5
39.6
40.8
40.5
40.8
40.8
40.8
43.6
570
354
248
106
34.5
28.3
24.7
17.3
29.8
35.5
35.4
35.4
35.8
35.8
26.1
12,166
3,770
8,396
64,519
41,268
23,251
42,004
23,827
18, 177
22,515
17,441
5,074
38.7
41.8
34.4
43.2
44.5
40.9
8,278
4,601
3,677
6,635
3,470
3,166
1,643
1,131
511
37.4
39.4
35.1
41. 1
42.1
39.9
784
7, 138
1, 114
6,024
3,380
2,074
125
1, 142
25,661
4,575
21,086
12,846
7,867
104
943
506
220
21
199
20,297
3,680
16,615
10,080
6,289
4,471
2,766
1,598
5,364
895
RACE
White
Males
Females
. . .
...
....
10,040
5,242
4,798
21 1
321
430
800
Males, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married) . . .
35,811
4,000
11,487
558
155
516
2,794
34,063
3,630
8,177
19,398
2,218
5,682
14,665
1,412
2,495
43.5
41.7
35.4
44.8
43. 9
42.3
Females, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
21 ,374
7,173
9,325
91 1
5,222
1,0b3
2,891
15,241
5,714
5,973
12,247
4,388
4,708
2,994
1,326
1,265
34.5
36.9
32.4
40.5
41.2
40.8
Black and other
Males .
Females .
•
532
1 ,230
MARITAL STATUS
40
376
46 1
1,190
215
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A 30 Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex
[Numbers in thousands]
November 1978
On full-time schedules
Occupations! Qroup snd tdx
Total at work
89,660
On part time
for economic
reasons
On valuntary
part time
40 hours
or less
41 to 48
hours
49 hours
or more
Average
hours, total
at work
Average hours,
workers on fulltime schedules
13,490
73,154
48,840
10,145
14,169
38.5
40.0
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
4b,666
14,204
9,780
5,896
16,786
9 69
231
85
215
436
6,958
1,707
420
1,578
3,254
38,739
12,266
9,275
4,103
13,094
25,385
7,870
4,261
2,415
10,837!
4,871
1,565
1,385
590
1,331
8,483
2,831
3,629
1,098
926
39.2
40- 1
46. 1
36.3
35.5
43.4
43.6
47.5
44.0
40.0
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
30,551
12,000
10,693
3,490
4,369
1,258
363
491
152
252
2,283
467
639
379
799
27,010
11, 170
9,563
2,959
3,318
4,453
1,832
1,714
451
455
4,bl7
2, 149
1,195
888
385
39.9
41.2
39.9
41.2
35.5
42.6
42.8
42.1
45.3
40.9
Service workers
Private household
Other service workers .
12,443
1, 13k
11,310
789
141
647
4,249
624
3,625
7,405
367
7,038
17,940 i
7,189 i
6,654 |
1,620 |
2,478 |
|
5,515 j
265 i
5,249 |
32.5
23.4
33.4
42.2
42.9
42.2
51,629
1,252
4,240
46,137
27,440
7,166
22,159
8,086
7,488
3,245
3,339
232
91
38
57
46
1,501
523
179
395
4 04
20,426
7,472
7,271
2,793
2,889
10,864
4,361
3,009
1,437
2,057
24,823
11,282
6,486
3, 173
3,880
878
341
194
124
217
1,599
355
341
220
684
22,346
10,586
5,953
2,829
2,979
14,303
6,776
3,768
1,526
2,233
2,927
6,635
950 2,161
1,114 3,148
434 | 922
429 j 403
I
3,773
4,270
1,734
2,076
1,200
985
444 | 859
395 I 351
4,647
23
4,624
142
4
138
1,140
9
1, 131
3,365
10
3,355
2,273
7!
2,266 I
466
2
464
38,032
1 ,764
9,250
27,018
21,400 I
2,979
5,457
1, 184
241
1, 182
2,850
18,314
4,794
2,004
1,311
10,204
14,520 I
3,509
1,252
979
8,780
1,944
615
270
157
902
Total, 16 years and over .
, 16 years and over.
/hite-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farr
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives . .
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Private household
Other service workers
Females, 16 years and over.
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
3,016
821
33
789
1,069 i
69 |
1,000 i
I
11,531 |
41.6
41. 4
43.7
42.9
47.6
41.8
38.6
45.8
44.9
48.5
45.4
41.7
40.6
41.5
41.3
42.5
35.6
43.0
42.9
43.2
45.4
40-9
36.4
25.2
36.5
43.6
43.3
43-6
2,639
34.4
37.6
1,850
670
482
175
522
35.2
36.5
41.2
29.5
34.8
40.7
41.5
44.2
41.1
39.5
6 26 !
1 !
625 I
24,508
6, 118
2,29 2
2,651
13,446
7 37
140
47
158
392
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
5,728
718
4,205
317
488
380
21
296
28
34
684
112
298
159
115
4,664
585
3,611
130
339
3,637
4 13
2,886
94
243
680
98
515
7
61
347
74
210
29
35
36.9
37.6
37.7
28.4
3k. 3
40.6
41.7
40.2
43.2
41.3
Service workers
Private household
Other service workers .
7,796
1, 109
6,687
647
138
508
3, 109
614
2,494
4,040
357
3,685
3,243
2 58
2,986
355
31
324
442
68
375
30.2
23.4
31.3
41.2
42.9
41.0
41
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-31.
Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race
[Numbers in thousands]
November 1978
Both sexes
Civilian noninstitutional population
8,081
Black and other
White
Total
Employment status
Males
4,114
3,967
Males
Females
Males
Females
0,768
3,454
3,314
1,313
660
47
34
1
33
13
Both sexes
Females
Both sexes
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagncultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1,432
1,238
102
1, 136
195
13.6
750
629
87
542
121
16.1
6 83
609
15
5 94
74
10.8
1,348
1,187
99
1,088
160
11.9
702
595
86
509
107
15.2
646
593
14
579
53
8.2
85
50
2
48
34
40.0
Not in labor force
Keeping house
Going to school
Unable to work
All other reasons
6,649
46
6,477
5
121
3,364
14
3,285
3
63
3,285
32
3,192
2
58
5,420
42
5,278
4
97
2,752
10
2,691
3
47
2,669
31
2,586
2
50
1,229
4
1,199
1
24
(D
653
37
16
1
16
21
H)
613
3
594
616
1
605
16
9
Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
A 3 2 . Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation
November
Characteristics
1978
Thousands of persons
Both sexes
Males
Percent distribution
Females
Both sexes
M*.
Females
CLASS OF WORKER
1,238
629
609
100.0
100.0
100.0
1,136
1,04 2
438
47
557
89
5
102
64
7
30
542
4 72
87
27
358
66
3
87
55
5
26
594
570
351
20
199
22
2
15
9
2
4
91.8
84.2
35.4
3.8
45.0
7.2
.4
8.2
5.2
.6
2.4
86.4
75.3
13.9
4.3
57. 1
10.5
.5
13.9
8.8
.8
4.1
97.5
93.6
57.6
3,3
32.7
3.6
.3
2.5
1.5
.3
.7
1,238
629
609
100.0
100.0
100.0
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
281
13
1
206
62
187
8
1
157
21
94
4
22.7
1. 1
. 1
16.6
5.0
29.8
1.3
.2
25.0
3.3
15.4
.7
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
182
12
46
4
120
173
11
45
4
113
9
1
1
27.5
1.8
7.2
.6
1.5
.2
.2
3
14.7
1.0
3.7
.3
97
18 0
1.3
Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers
682
395
286
189
42
147
493
353
139
55.1
31.9
23.1
30. 1
6.7
23.4
81.0
58.0
22.8
92
7
86
79
4
75
13
3
10
7.4
.6
6.9
12.6
.6
11.9
Total
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers
Private household workers
Government workers
Other wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Agriculture
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
OCCUPATION
Total
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors
42
49
41
8.0
6.7
2.1
•5
1.6
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1978
1977
—
—
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
June
flay
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population '
Armed Forces '
Civilian noninstitutional population l . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed . . .
Percent of total population . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
159,522 159,736 159,937 160,128 160,313 160,504 160,713 160,928 161,148 161,348 161,570
2 , 121
2 , 124
2 , 122
2,118
2,113
2,098
2,116
2,122
2,123
2, 132
2 , 129
157,389 157,608 157,816 158,004 158,190 158,386 158,601 158,830 159,032 159,226 159,447
99,784 100,261 100,572 100,618 100,550 100,870
99,106
99,413
98,919
99,093
98,877
63.3
63.3
63.3
63.1
62.8
62.7
62.8
63.0
62.8
63.2
62.8
93,003
93,266
93,801 94,112
94,868
92,880
94,818 94,425 94,582
92,214
92,609
58.7
58.4
58.6
58.1
58.6
58.2
58.6
58.9
58.0
58. 1
57.8
3,411
3,310
3,274
3,360
3,354
3,235
3,472
3,387
3,243
3,357
3,323
89,956
90,527 90,677
91,346 91,038 91,221 91,457
88,857
89,526
89,761
89,286
5,754
6,002
5,983
6,193
5,968
6,226
6 , 147
6,090
6,150
6,663
6,310
6.1
6.4
6.3
6.2
6.0
6.1
5.7
6.2
5.9
6.0
6.7
58,414 58,677
58,577
58,911
58,777
58,602 58,340 58,258
58,689
58,710
58,512
161,829 162,033
2,122
2,117
159,707 159,916
101,062 101,647
63.6
63-3
95,192 95,735
58. 8
59» 1
3,265
3,380
91,811 92,470
5,870
5,912
5.8
5.8
58,645
58,269
69,081
67,382
53,559
79.5
51,396
7*4.4
2,361
49,036
2, 163
69,182
67,486
53,993
60.0
51,853
75.0
2,323
49,529
2,140
Males, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population '
Civilian noninstitutional population ' . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population . . ,
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
4.7
4.6
4.7
4.5
13,286
13,242
13,315
13,415
68,327
66,645
53,241
79.9
50,833
7 4.5
2,289
4£,544
2,409
4. 5
13,404
74,768
74,669
36,451
4 8.8
33,923
45. 4
74,883
74,783
36,4 18
48.7
34,009
45.4
74,991
74,892
36,595
48.9
34,348
45.8
75,095
74,996
36,654
48.9
34,570
46.0
75,196
75,093
36,849
49. 1
34,722
46.2
67,948
66,257
52,971
79.9
50,459
74.3
2 r 330
4 8 , 129
2,512
68,052
66,364
53,122
80.0
50,688
74.5
2, 346
48,342
2,434
68,148
66,467
53,152
80.0
50,672
74.4
2,394
48,279
2,480
68,240
66,556
53,141
79.8
5 0,759
74. 4
2,283
•48,476
2,383
68,419
66,740
53,263
79.8
51,038
74.6
2,295
48,743
2,225
4.2
4.2
3.9
4.1
13,477
13,431
13,426
13,648
75,300
75,198
3 7 , 117
49.4
34,948
46.4
75,412
75,310
37,265
49.5
3 4 , 93 1
46.3
75,527
75,422
37,439
49.6
35,137
46.5
75,643
75,53 7
37,542
49.7
35,110
46.4
68,519
66,845
53,414
79.9
51,182
74.7
2,328
48,854
2,232
68,623
66,947
53,521
79.9
51,433
74.9
2,437
48,996
2,089
68,729
67,039
53,391
79.6
51,213
74.5
2,420
48,793
2,178
68,827
67,, 127
53,306
79.4
51,134
74.3
2,358
48,777
2 , 171
4. 1
13,821
68,937
67,236
53,387
79. 4
51,229
74.3
2,422
48,807
2,158
4-0
4.0
4.0
13,849
13,823
13,493
75,753
75,645
37,461
49.5
35,193
46.5
57 9
34,613
2,269
6. 1
3 8 , 184
75,873
75,764
37,9 53
50.1
35,688
47.0
75,998
75 r db9
37,880
49.9
35,742
47. 0
37,811
35,155
2 , 137
5. 6
38,009
76,110
7 6,00 1
38,049
50. 1
35,837
47. 1
57 4
35,263
2,212
5. 8
37,952
16,768
16,455
9,782
59.5
8,254
49.2
16,760
16,446
' 9,53U
57.3
7,951
47.4
16,750
16,436
9,623
58. 5
8,053
48. 1
16,741
16,429
9,605
58.5
8,045
48. 1
Females, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population '
Civilian noninstitutional population ' . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population.
Employed . .
Percent of total population . . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
604
628
623
527
623
587
33,831
2,247
6. 1
38,297
33,965
2,085
34,094
2 , 127
34,325
2,1b9
34,404
2,333
34,514
2,302
34,523
2,43 2
5.7
5.8
5.8
6.3
38,218
33,466
2, 409
6. 6
38,365
38,342
38,244
38,081
38,045
37,983
37,995
16,806
16,463
9,455
57.4
7,832
46.6
16,802
16,460
9,379
57.0
7,912
47. 1
16,798
16,457
9,359
56.9
7,860
46.8
16,794
16,45 3
9,297
5^6.5
7,675
45.7
16,790
16,452
9,323
56.7
7,711
45. S
>
16,785
16,449
9,4 04
57.2
7,815
46.6
16,78 2
16,446
9,583
58.3
7,99 9
47.7
16,779
16,461
9,611
58.4
8,248
49.2
16,776
16,455
9,685
58.9
8 , 102
48.3
38 0
7,722
1,583
16.3
6,770
589
33t33U
2, 528
6.9
543
517
6.1
6.5
592
35,096
2,265
6.0
588
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population '
Civilian noninstitutional population ' .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population . . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate • •
Not in labor force
variations.
438
434
443
7 , 394
1,623
17.2
7,008
7,478
1,467
15.6
7,081
7,417
1,499
16.0
7,096
355
7, J20
1,622
17.U
7 , 156
353
357
380
412
7,318
1,612
17.3
7, 129
7,458
1,589
16.9
7, 045
7,619
1,584
16.5
6, 863
7,836
1,363
14.2
6, 850
423
397
7,831
1,528
15-6
6,673
7,554
1,579
16.b
6,916
43^
7,62 1
1,570
1b.3
6,613
367
7,67 8
1,560
16.2
6,824
NOTE: Detail for the household data shown in tables A-33 through A-43 will not necessarily
arid to totals, because of the ndeDendent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
43
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1978
Full- and part-time employment
status
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Apr.
June
May
July
Aug.
Sept.
Nov.
FULLTIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
83,908 83,996 84,375 84,449 84,536 84,820 84,972 86,061 86,019 86,013 85,805 86,177 86,414
78,693 79,058 79,485 79,658 79,818 80,262 80,221 81,551 8 1, 112 81,287 81,071 81,595 81,882
5,215 4,938 4,891 4,791 4,718 4,558 4,750 4,511 4,907 4,726 4,734 4,582 4,532
5.9
6.2
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.7
5.3
5.6
5.5
5.2
PART TIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
14,900 14,870 14,761 14,706 14,824 14,974 15,152 14,396 14,650 14,637 15,030 14,989 15,180
13,470 13,541 13,442 13,447 13,402 13,536 13,754 13,130 13,362 13,382 13,712 13,617 13,819
1, 430 1,329
1,319
1,289 1,255
1,255 1,422 1,438
1,318
1,371 1,361
1,398 1,266
9.6
8.9
8.9
8.8
8.6
8.8
8.6
8.8
9.0
9.6
9.2
9.1
9.6
NOTE: Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included in the full-time
employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full- or part-time work.
A-35.
Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands]
1978
1977
Characteristics
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
flay
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
WHITE
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
87,292 87,193 87,425 87,360 87,532 87,945 88,209 88,624 88,521 88,672 88r813 89,120 89,460
82,181 8 2,39 1 fa2,650 82,697 82,880 83,386 83,590 84,270 83,862 84,042 84,141 84,569 84,957
5, 1 11 4,802 4,775 4,663 4,652 4,559 4,619 4,353 4,659 4,630 4,67 2 4,551 4,502
5.9
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.2
4.9
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.0
5. 1
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force . .
Employed . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
47,417 47,507 47,440 47,440 47,528 47,555 47,670 47,818 47,727 47,711 1*7,666 47,814 48, 140
45,452 45,592 45,546 45,599 45,643 45,859 45,942 46,175 46,009 45,994 45,925 46,088 46,502
1, 965 1,915
1,894
1,842
1,885 1,696
1,728
1,643
1,718 1,717
1,741 1,725 1,638
4.1
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
4.0
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.6
3.6
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.4
31,445 3 1,38 1 31,612 31,615 3 1,70 1 31,984 32,027 32,260 32,347 J2,204 32,624 32,703 32,785
29,536 29,545 z9,875 30,021 30, 149 30,345 30,307 30,540 30,536 30,486 30,908 31,094 31, 103
1, 909 1,836 1,737
1,5S4 1,552 1,640
1,720 1,720
1,812 1,7 19 1,716
1,609 1,68 1
6.1
5.9
5.5
5.0
5.4
4.9
5.1
5.3
5.6
5.3
4.9
5. 3
5. 1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
8, 430
7, 193
1,237
14.7
8,305
7,254
1,051
12.7
8,373
7,229
1, 144
13.7
8,304
7,C77
1,227
14.8
6,303
7,088
1,215
14.6
8,405
7,182
1,223
14.6
8,512
7,341
1,171
13.8
8,545
7,555
990
11.6
8,446
7,317
1,129
13.4
8,756
7,562
1,194
13.6
8,523
7, 308
1,215
14.3
8,603
7,386
1,217
14.1
8,535
7,352
1,183
13.9
BLACK AND OTHER
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
..
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . .
44
11,551 1 1,76 1 11,725 11,784 1 1,870 11,81b 11,934 11,980 11,998 11,976 12,057 12,078 12, 144
9,966 10,271 10,238 10,390 10,402 10,418 10,468 10,553 10,496 10,578 10,707 10,705 10,705
1,585
1,490
1,487 1,394 1,469 1,398 1,467
1,427
1,502 1,398
1,350
1,373 1,438
13.7
12.7
12.7
11.8
12.4
11.8
12.3
11.9
12.5
11.7
11.2
11.4
11.8
5,541
4,985
5,678
5,124
5,662
5,173
5,699
5,216
5,673
5,172
5,743
5,238
5,732
5,283
5,685
5,206
5,671
5, 161
5,745
5,271
5,794
5,306
5,810
5,302
556
10.0
512
9.1
554
9.8
489
8.6
483
6.5
501
8.8
505
8.8
448
7.8
478
8.4
509
9.0
474
8.2
488
8.4
508
8.7
4,988
4,358
5,065
4,485
5,051
4,503
5,087
4,576
5,144
4,560
5,128
4, 589
5,138
4,580
5,1£7
4,602
5,164
4,566
5,256
4,708
5,292
4,769
5,249
4,719
5,260
4,719
630
....
5,649
5, 137
580
548
512
585
539
558
585
598
548
523
530
12.6
11.5
10.9
1C.1
11.4
10-5
10.9
11.3
11.6
10.4
9. 9
10. 1
1,022
1,047
1,027
1,015
1,053
1,062
1,149
1,049
1,021
1,035
649
398
996
611
385
1,035
623
399
642
393
626
401
657
358
649
404
668
394
724
425
709
340
668
353
680
355
685
389
39.0
38.0
3ti.7
38.0
39.0
35.3
38.4
37.1
37.0
32.4
34.6
34.3
36.2
541
10.3
1,074
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36
Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
[Unemployment rates]
1977
1978
Selected categories
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
flay
June
July
Auq .
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
CHARACTERISTICS
6.7
4.7
6.9
Total (all civilian workers)
Males, 20 years and over
Females 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
17.2
b. 1
6.4
4.6
6.3
4.7
6. 6
15. 6
6. 1
16. 0
5.9
3.3
6.5
9.3
2.9
5.9
8.9
5.8
1 -8
7.0
1.7
6.8
4.2
2.9
3.0
4.9
5.7
7.6
5.2
9.3
5.3
4.C
2.8
2.5
4.7
5.5
7.2
5.2
8.5
5.6
11.9
7.8
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over
labor force time lost 2
3.2
6.2
7.3
...
12. 7
1 .8
....
5.5
1^.7
6.2
9.6
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who head families
5.5
13.7
White
Black and other
5. 6
7. 9
fi.1
8. 9
4.5
5.7
b.2
4.5
5.8
6.0
4.2
5.8
6.1
4.2
6.3
17.4
17.3
16.9
16.5
5. 3
5.3
1 1. 8 12.4
5.2
5.2
4.9
5.3
b.2
11.8
12.3
11.9
12.5
5. 1
2.8
5.0
2.7
5.6
8.8
2-7
5.6
5.2
8.8
2.9
5.2
7.6
3.0
8.6
10.0
2.9
5.9
9.3
5.7
8.6
1.6
5.6
9.6
1.5
6.6
5.4
9.6
1.4
6.3
5.6
9.2
1.4
6.6
b.6
5.7
3.9
6. 1
14.2
6.0
4.0
6-0
16.6
5., 8
4.0
5.,6
16.3
5.3
4. 0
5.8
16.2
11.7
5.3
1 1-2
5.1
11.4
5.0
11.8
10. 1
2.a
5-6
8.2
2.7
5-6
7.9
2-7
5-3
7.6
2»5
5.fa
7. 7
5.7
8.8
1.3
6.8
5-5
3.6
1.2
6.6
5.5
8-8
1.3
6.5
5..3
9. 1
1. 4
6.3
5.2
9.0
1. 2
6.3
3.7
2.5
2.2
4.4
5.4
6.9
4.0
8.5
6.1
3.5
2.6
1.8
4.2
5.0
7.0
4.4
9.0
5.9
9.5
7. 1
3.3
3.5
2.7
2.2
4.4
4.7
7.0
4.7
8.5
5.2
10.7
7. 4
4.0
3.3
2-9
1.8
4.2
4.2
6.9
5.0
7.7
4.9
11.3
7. 1
4.7
3.3
2.5
2.2
3.2
4. 6
6.6
4.0
7.7
4.2
12. 0
7. 4
3.3
5.9
9» 1
5.7
5.5
5.9
3.8
6-6
5.2
3.6
8.3
5-9
10-7
5.5
5.0
6; 3
3.6
6.8
5.1
3.8
8.6
5.7
11.5
5.3
5.7
10.6
5.3
4.8
5.9
3.4
6.. 5
5.0
3.9
7. 8
6.2
6.5
5.9
4.1
6.1
16.3
15.6
4. 1
1. 2
6.4
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
3^6
2.7
2.5
3.9
5.0
7.1
5.4
7.9
3.5
2.5
1.9
4.3
5.0
7.1
5.0
3.5
2.6
2.3
4.4
4.5
7.1
8. 1
5.0
8.0
5.2
10.6
5. 4
11.0
3.5
2.5
2.0
4.3
5.1
6.5
4.3
7.7
5.2
11.5
1 1.9
10.0
7.8
3.9
7.6
3.9
7.1
4.7
7.7
4.7
7.7
3. 1
2.0
4.4
5.3
6.6
4-3
8.4
5.9
8.7
7.6
3.6
6.0
11.3
5.9
9.5
5.3
4.4
6.5
3.8
7.2
5.2
3.8
7.7
5.9
9.2
5.6
5.0
6.4
3.8
6.8
5.3
4.1
7.7
4. 1
5. 1
3.6
2. 4
3.5
2.4
1.8
4.4
5.0
6.5
4.2
7.9
4.6
9.9
7.2
10.6
7.5
3.8
3..0
INDUSTRY
6.7
6.2
10.8
11.7
6. 1
11.5
6.5
6.0
7.2
4-7
7.4
6.0
4.3
9.3
•
6.3
11.2
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods . . .
Nondurable goods
i rflnsportcition
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
5.7
5.6
5.9
4.9
7.3
5.6
5.2
6.1
4.3
5.7
5.0
6.5
3.2
5. 5
7. 1
5. 4
7. 1
5. 1
4.3
9.6
4.2
9.0
5. 1
3.5
3.7
10.1
10.0
Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force.
5.6
9.3
5-6
4.8
6.7
3.7
6.3
4.7
4.0
8.0
6.0
9.5
5.6
5.1
6.4
4. 1
6.9
5.4
4.1
10. 1
4.b
6.0
3.6
b.8
4.6
4.0
9.6
as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
s for economic reason;
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on
A-37.
5.4
4.8
6.2
3.7
7.3
Includes mining, not shown separately.
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers In thousands!
1977
1978
Weeks of unemployment
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Auq.
2,851
2,037
1,829
936
893
2,628
1,937
1,797
941
856
2,700
1,861
1,688
865
824
2,586
1,820
1,568
6S7
671
2,820
1,877
1,463
766
697
2,790
1,784
1,384
716
668
2,932
1,803
1,358
680
678
2,727
1,916
1,231
651
580
3,025
1,854
1,292
665
627
2,822
1,988
1,215
631
584
13.7
7-0
13. 8
7.1
13. 1
6.6
12.5
7.0
12.3
6.2
12.3
5.8
12.1
5.2
12.0
5.8
11.8
5.9
100.0
42.4
30.3
27.2
13.9
13.3
100.0
41.3
30. 4
28.2
14.8
13.5
100.0
43. 3
3C.5
26.2
15.0
11.2
100.0
45.8
30.5
23.8
12.4
11.3
100.0
46.8
30.0
23.2
12.0
11.2
100.0
48.1
29.6
22\3
11.2
11.1
100.0
46.4
32.6
21.0
11.1
9.9
100.0
49.0
30.0
20.9
10.8
10.2
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
2,786
1,928
1,293
687
606
2,709
1.S24
1,370
763
607
2,825
1,837
1,251
724
527
11.2
6.0
11.6
5.9
11.8
6. 1
11.2
5.5
100.0
46.8
33.0
20-2
10.5
9.7
100.0
46.4
32. 1
21. 5
11.4
10. 1
100.0
45.9
30.9
23. 2
12.9
10.3
100.0
47.8
31. 1
21.2
12.2
8.9
DURATION
Both sexes, 16 years and over:
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over . , ,
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
,
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
,
100.0
43.2
29.8
27.0
13-8
13.2
45
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38.
Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
1978
19 77
Sex and age
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Peb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
July
June
Aug.
Sept. Oct.
Nov.
6.7
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years . . .
20 to 24 years .
25 years and over .
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
6.1
6.2
6.0
6. 1
5.7
6.2
5.9
6.0
5. a
5.8
16.0
18.2
14.5
1C.5
4. 2
4.3
3.5
17.4
20.8
15.0
10. 1
3.9
4. 1
3.3
17.3
20.4
15.2
10.3
16.9
19.9
14.4
10-0
16-5
19-3
14.5
14.2
16.7
12.9
16.3
20.1
13.6
15.6
18.9
13.3
16.6
19.2
14.3
16.3
19.0
14.2
9.2
3.9
4.1
3.0
9.9
4-2
4.4
3.2
9.0
4.2
4.4
3.0
9.3
4.0
4.2
3.3
8.7
4.0
4.2
16.2
19.0
14.3
9. 1
3. 1
3.0
5 ^
5.6
4.7
5.1
5.0
5,1
5.1
5.0
16.4
18.2
15.0
9.8
3.8
3.9
3.7
Males, 16 years and over
6.3
15.6
17.8
13.7
1C-2
4.4
4. 6
4.0
5.8
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years . . .
25 years and over
25 to 54 years . . .
55 years ana over
6.4
17.2
19.0
15.9
10. 4
4.7
4.8
4. 1
Total, 16 years and over
15.3
16.7
13.9
S. b
3.6
3.6
3.7
14. 9
17.2
13- 4
10. 5
3.5
3.6
3.2
12.6
16. 1
11.3
8. 1
15.4
18.8
13.0
14.7
17.7
12.4
15.8
19.1
12.6
16.5
20.2
13.5
15.9
19.9
12.9
J.1
3.2
3.0
8.9
3.3
3.3
3.4
8.7
3.4
3.5
2.9
8.6
3.4
3.4
3.0
8.6
3.4
3.5
3.0
7.6
16. 1
19. 2
1 3. 5
10.8
5.7
6.C
4.4
8. 1
Females, 16 years and over
18.1
20. 1
16.8
11.1
6-0
6.3
4.8
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years .
20 to 24 years .
25 years and over .
25 to 54 years . . .
55 years and over .
4.0
4.2
4. 1
3. 1
3.2
9.0
4.2
4.5
3.2
5.6
5.2
5. 1
17.2
21.1
14.3
10.3
3-4
J.4
3.2
17.1
21.0
14.3
10.1
16.6
19.9
13.4
15.3
18.4
12.9
3. 2
9.1
3.3
3.3
3.3
7.9
3.5
3.6
3.3
7.3
6.9
7.0
7- 1
7.5
7.2
7.7
7.2
17.4
19. 5
15.8
10.5
5.2
5.5
3.8
17.7
20. 4
15.7
9.8
4.7
5. 1
17.5
VJ.6
16.1
10.4
17.2
19.9
15.6
11.0
17.9
20.3
16.1
10-3
16.0
17.4
14.8
10.4
17.4
21.6
14.4
11.0
16.7
20.3
14.4
4.7
5.2
3.0
4.8
5.2
2.9
5.3
5.8
3.1
5.2
5.6
3.1
5.6
6-0
2.9
5. to
3.5
3.5
3.9
9.2
5.3
5.8
3.3
3.8
4. 1
8.6
3. 1
3.3
2.6
7.2
6.7
7.0
17.4
19.3
16.1
1C. 1
16.1
17.7
15.0
16.6
18.0
15.8
8.7
4.9
5.3
3.4
9.8
4.9
5.2
3.7
5.0
5.3
3.9
A 39 Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
1977
1978
Reason for unemployment
I
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Both sexes, 16 years and over:
Job iosers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers.
Reentrants,
New entrants
2,969
780
2, 189
- 881
1,891
901
2,748
687
2,061
877
1,886
820
2 r 698
768
1 f 930
856
1,821
914
2,540
709
1,631
898
1,796
868
2,493
660
1,833
862
1,911
923
2,475
5S3
1,882
872
1,734
925
2,577
683
1,894
819
1,772
901
2,340
6 06
1,733
849
1,760
810
2,552
714
1,839
869
1,883
880
2,553
770
1,783
841
1,733
893
2,397
719
1,677
852
1,927
805
2,538
640
1,898
799
1,710
793
2,42 8
777
1,65 3
814
1,772
100.0
44.7
11.7
33.0
13.3
28.5
13.6
100.0
43.4
10.9
32.6
13. 9
29.8
13.0
100.0
42.9
12.2
30.7
13.6
28.9
14.5
100.0
41.6
11.6
30.0
14.7
29.4
14.2
100.0
40.3
10.7
29.6
13.9
30.9
14.9
100.0
41.2
9.9
31.3
14.5
28.9
15.4
100.0
42.5
11.3
31.2
13.5
29.2
14.8
100.0
40.6
10.5
30.1
14.7
30.6
14.1
100.0
41.3
11.5
29.7
14.0
30.4
14.2
100.0
42. 4
12.8
29.6
14.0
28.8
14.8
100.0
40. 1
12.0
28.0
14.3
32. 2
13.5
100.0
43.5
11.0
32.5
13.7
29.3
13.6
100.0
41.3
2.8
.9
1.9
2.7
.9
2.6
.9
1.8
.9
2.5
.9
2.5
.9
1.7
.9
2.6
.8
1.8
.9
2.3
.8
1.7
.8
2.5
.9
1.9
2.5
.8
1.7
.9
2.5
.8
1.7
.8
2.4
.8
1.7
.9
87 0
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
13.2
28. 1
13.8
30. 1
14.8
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
46
3.0
.9
1.9
.9
1.8
.9
1.9
.9
2.4
1.9
.8
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A 40. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
1978
1977
Sex and age
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
Total, 16 years and
over
92,214
92,609
92,880
93,003
93,266
93,801
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
7,832
3,215
4,610
13,055
71,309
57,255
14,006
7,912
3,237
4,664
13,139
71,551
57,530
14,039
7,8 60
3,213
4,657
13,183
71,913
57,S09
14,003
7,675
3,133
4,585
13,200
72, 176
58,221
13,984
7,711
3,126
4,575
13,219
72,315
58,325
13,S84
Males, 16 years and
over
54,745
55,012
54,974
54,897
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
4,286
1,809
2,473
7, 142
43,320
34,617
8,698
4,324
1,825
2,492
7, 172
43,530
34,828
8,734
4,302
1,788
2,514
7,135
43,556
34,930
8,649
37,469
37,597
3,546
1,406
2,137
5,913
27,989
22,638
5,308
3,588
1,412
2, 172
5,967
28,021
22,702
5,305
Females, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
94,112
94,818
94,425
94,582
94,868
95,192
95,735
7,815
3,213
4,636
13,404
72,561
58,477
14,107
7,999
J,313
4,678
13,472
72,579
58,388
14, 100
8,248
3,380
4,832
13,597
72,953
58,723
14,268
6,102
3,277
4,749
13,485
72,855
58,742
14,1 16
8,254
3,405
4,839
13,597
72,637
58,649
14,068
7,951
3,280
4,723
13,651
73,250
59,156
14,088
8,053
3,300
4,755
13,758
73,446
59,343
14, 152
8,04 5
3,269
4,778
13,68 5
74,00 0
59,550
14,386
55,013
55,208
55,445
55,868
55,534
55,529
55,504
55,702
56,134
4,138
1,709
2,461
7,139
43,649
34,996
8,637
4,180
1,746
2,436
7,206
43,611
34,982
8,653
4,170
1,727
2,483
7,325
43,708
35,060
8,662
4,264
1,800
2,447
7,381
43,781
35,051
8,702
4,436
1,820
2,580
7,407
44,024
35,162
8,835
4,321
1,753
2,519
7,304
43,881
35, 159
8,724
4,394
1,834
2,567
7,355
43,718
35,011
8,709
4,275
1,766
2,544
7,34 8
43,872
35,193
8,675
4,305
1,747
2,555
7,427
43,997
35,243
8,767
4,281
1,736
2,554
7,486
44,363
35,462
8,89 1
37,906
38,107
38,253
38,593
38,667
38,950
38,891
39,053
39,364
39,490
39,601
3,558
1,425
2, 143
6,048
28,357
22,979
5,354
3,537
1,424
2, 124
6,061
28,527
23,226
5,347
3,531
1,380
2,139
6,012
28,7C4
23,343
5,331
3,645
3,735
1,486
1,513
2, 153
2,231
6,079
6,092
28,853 28,799
23,417 23,337
5,445
5,397
3,8 13
1,560
2,252
6,190
28,930
23,561
5,433
3,781
1,524
2,230
6,181
28,974
23,583
5,392
3,860
1,571
2,272
6,243
28,919
23,638
5,359
3,676
1,514
2,179
6,303
29,378
^3,963
5,413
3,748
1,553
2,200
6,332
29,449
24,100
5,384
3,764
1,533
2,224
6, 199
29,637
24,088
5,495
May
A-41. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands]
1977
Sex and age
Total, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years .
16 to 17 years .
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over .
25 to 54 years .
55 years and over .
Males, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years .
18 to 19 years .
20 to 24 years
25 years and over .
25 to 54 years
55 years and over . .
Females, 16 years and
over .
16 to 19 years . .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years .
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over . . .
Nov.
1978
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Ape.
Hay
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
6,663
6,310
6,22b
6,090
6, 147
5,983
6,150
5,754
6,193
5,966
6,002
5,870
5,912
1,623
1,467
1,499
1,622
1,6 12
1,589
1,584
1,363
1,583
1,528
756
871
701
740
717
791
821
806
795
617
798
782
792
793
678
718
826
750
795
744
1,519
3,493
2,909
1,499
3,319
2,772
1,547
3, 155
2,633
1,477
2,941
2,476
1,513
2,968
2,560
1,489
2,933
2,489
1,332
3, 195
2,744
1,374
2,998
2,539
1,476
3,200
2,692
1,338
3,156
2,723
605
585
503
471
449
462
448
467
44 1
1,579
779
785
1,401
3,062
2,572
487
1,570
776
78S
1,304
3,069
2,621
457
1,560
767
796
1,375
2,95 4
2,530
449
3,352
3,213
3,232
3,245
3,271
3,056
2,728
2,965
2,926
2,961
3,013
2,950
840
403
438
777
779
365
401
775
752
371
389
840
862
457
410
816
862
463
408
812
831
429
384
736
639
350
328
657
787
406
376
715
1,714
1,392
1,640
1,315
1,601
1,298
1,519
1,238
1,562
1,282
1,491
1, 196
1,424
1, 144
1,492
1,190
337
339
289
286
264
296
769
406
36 4
632
1,589
1,296
295
275
306
755
395
362
705
1,529
1,278
256
803
416
366
692
1,523
1,241
269
850
441
400
697
1,545
1,276
267
810
431
37 9
70 0
1 ,42 0
1,20 1
237
3,311
3,097
2,994
2,845
2,877
2,927
3,148
3,026
3,228
3,042
3,041
2 , 857
2,962
783
353
433
742
688
3^6
339
724
747
346
402
707
760
364
396
661
750
336
409
7C1
758
369
398
752
724
328
390
717
796
420
374
762
1,779
1, 517
1,679
1,457
1,554
1,335
1,422
1,238
1,425
1,278
1,442
1,293
268
246
214
185
165
165
773
400
382
633
1,627
1,445
185
776
363
417
708
1,558
1,331
218
720
335
389
607
1,523
1,345
190
750
336
417
67 5
1,535
1,329
2\2
467
3, 00 1
815
386
42 S
700
1,606
1,448
17^
1,573
1,394
174
1,709
1,50 2
16 1
47
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-42. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
1977
1978
Selected categories
Nov.
Dec
Jan.
Feb.
Har.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
CHARACTERISTICS
Total, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present . .
Married women, spouse present
92,214 92,609 92,880 93,003 93,266 9J,801 94,112 94,818 94,425 94,582 94,86 8 95,192 95,735
38,531 38,682 38,645 38,666 38,465 38,628 38,626 38,711 38,642 38,467 38,726 38,748 38,941
21,278 21,416 21,638 21,738 21,674 21,847 21,694 21,718 21,766 21,667 22, 175 22,132 22,266
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators,
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment
operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
46,251 46,316 46,548 46,555 46,834 46,789 46,895 47,209 47,192 47,236 47,456 47,777 47,907
13,918 13,981 14,057 14,C16 14,060 14,158 14,399 14,365 14,239 14,255 14, 105 14,333 14,327
9,894
5,804
16,635
30,603
12, 1 16
10,423
9,939 10,067 10,134 10.159 10,212
5,796
5,913
5,811
5,985 5,861
16,600 16,510 16,594 16,621 16,558
30,807 30,943 31,198 31,04 0 31,655
12,153 12,111 12,220 12,169 12,302
10,424 10,755 10,738 10,766 10,974
9,933
5,911
16,652
31,543
12,218
10,846
10,107
5,931
16,806
31,683
12,467
11,006
10, 182
6,017
16,754
31,225
12,229
10,841
10,174
5,872
16,935
31,483
12,559
10,702
10,056
5,872
17,422
31,738
12,640
10,823
9,948
5,959
17,536
31,864
12,502
11,120
10,048
6 , 193
17,340
32,157
12,663
11,117
3,525
3,404
3,555 3,432
3,643 3,541 3,560 3,534
3,577
3,583 3,636
3,512 3,452
4,539
4,644
4,597 4,563 4,819
4,675
4,741
4,946
4,817
4,698 4,658
4,698 4,703
12,590 12,617 12,704 12,703 12,572 12,830 12,883 12,992 12,838 12,884 12,800 12,920 13,018
2,809
2,896 2,803 2,809 2,875 2,833 2,713
2,872
2,769 2,786 2,687 2,697
2,805
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Seif-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1,4 05
1,590
368
1,405
1,605
346
1,387
1,604
342
1,345
1,587
314
1,389
1,527
389
1,408
1,539
283
1,434
1,573
255
1,482
1,669
336
1,364
1,652
348
1,423
1,617
317
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
82,281
15,415
66,866
1,403
65,463
6,082
467
82,692
15,422
67,270
1,436
65,834
6, 182
442
82,915
15,267
67,648
1,421
66,226
6,259
439
63,078
15,237
67,841
1,363
66,458
6,267
488
83,124
15,154
67,970
1,293
66,677
6,427
500
83,649
15,305
68,344
1,388
66,956
6,468
506
84,04 9
15,203
68,846
1,393
67,453
6,289
520
84,513
15,223
69,290
1,368
67,921
6,198
468
84,016
15,129
68,887
1,394
67,493
6,206
496
84,406
15,283
69,123
1,369
67,754
6,221
440
1,442
1,655
298
84,842
15,413
69,429
1,370
68,059
6, 20 0
471
1,421
1,666
323
85,252
15,421
69,831
1,297
68,534
,^71
441
1,422
1,56 3
28 6
85,665
15,450
70,215
1,356
68,860
6,360
442
PERSONS AT WORK 1
Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Part-time for economic reasons
Usually work full-time
Usually work part-time
Part-time for noneconomic
reasons
83,347 83,6b2 83,304 84,055 84,285 86,043 85,528 86,051 86,205 86,469 86,310 86,441 86,557
71,230
68,240 68,574 68,812 65,215 69,417 70,550 70,157 70,861 71,095 7 1,338 70,939 71,19
3,330
3,29 4 3,231 3,207 3,171
2,986 3,194 3,163 3,327 3,243 3,458
3, 285 3,220
1,385
1,391
1,31 1 1, 171 1,310
1,211
1,433
1 ,255 1,247
1, 128 1,226 1,224
1,043
1,945
1,861
1 ,920 2,036
1,938 2, 103 2,032 2,025
1,903
2,065
1,973
2,030
1,943
11,822 1 1,868 11,506 11,646 11,704 12,166 12,128 11,732 11,780 11,837
1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at v j r k " during the survey period for such reasons
vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.
48
12, 140 12,042 12,156
HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-43. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 3 9 years of age
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Employment status
Nov.
1977
Oct.
1978
Nov.
1977
Nov.
1978
July
1978
Aug.
1978
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978
SOT.
1978
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2 . .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,363
6,073
5,795
278
4. 6
6,821
664
59 3
1,028
919
6,821
6,467
6,065
4C2
6.2
6,391
6,077
5,823
254
4.2
1,028
916
797
119
13.0
676
596
546
50
8.4
2,894
2,720
2,566
154
5.7
2,203
2,089
1,976
113
5.4
2,899
2,831
2,702
129
4.6
3,512
3 # 392
3,301
91
2.7
739
719
695
24
3.3
1,263
1,230
1, 191
39
3.2
17,900
16,061
15,054
1,CC7
6.3
18,733
16,936
16,084
852
5.0
18,808
17,040
16,127
8,237
6,876
6,281
5S5
8.7
8,441
7,152
6, 654
498
7.0
8, 451
7, 182
6,641
54 1
7.5
8,237
7,011
6,361
650
5,491
5,206
4,941
265
5. 1
6,^95
5,980
5,737
243
4. 1
6,338
6,001
5,74 9
252
4.2
5,491
5,187
4,904
4, 172
3,979
3,832
147
3.7
3,997
3,804
3,693
11 1
2.9
4,019
3,857
3, 737
120
3. 1
3,554
3,413
3,295
118
3.5
3,645
3,508
3,414
94
2.7
3,654
3,495
6,464
6,026
438
6-8
6,482
6,147
5,834
314
5. 1
6,461
6,175
5,786
389
6.3
6,440
6,102
5,801
30 1
4.9
6,39 1
6,070
5,760
310
5. 1
6,363
6,066
5,762
30 3
5.0
20 to 24 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
529
64
10.8
751
686
608
78
11.4
736
671
578
93
13.9
722
622
557
65
10.5
676
593
534
58
9.8
2,337
2,185
2,045
140
6.4
2,297
2,172
2,014
158
7.3
2,256
2,157
2,000
157
7.3
2,203
2,090
1,945
145
6.9
2 , 175
2,076
2,694
135
4.8
3,394
3,277
3, 381
96
2.9
3,428
3,333
3, 194
138
4. 1
3,462
3,324
3,244
80
2.4
3,512
3,387
3,281
106
3. 1
3,524
3,39 5
3,300
95
2, a
7 39
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1, 135
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1# 167
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1, 199
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1,263
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1,299
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
18,518 18,583
16,752 16,770
15,77 1 15,805
981
965
5.9
5.8
18,654
16,885
15,909
976
5.8
18,733
16,936
15,945
992
5.9
18,808
17,159
16, 154
1,005
5.9
789
130
14. 1
664
594
524
70
11. 8
25 to 29 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
2,175
2,079
1,956
123
2,894
2,716
2,543
173
5.S
6.4
3,524
3,401
3,310
91
2.7
2,899
2,829
1,939
138
6.6
30 to 34 years.
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
35 to 39 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2 . . .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1,299
1,258
1,229
29
2.3
NONVETERANS
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
913
5. 4
17,900
16,192
15,081
1,111
6.9
20 to 24 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
8,413
7,111
6,512
599
8.4
8,417
7, 167
6,586
582
8. 1
8,426
7,200
6,608
592
8.2
8,441
7,259
6,667
59 1
8. 1
8,45 1
7,319
6,728
6, 116
5,833
5,579
255
4.4
6, 172
5,845
5,565
280
4.8
6,227
5,869
5,624
245
4.2
6,295
5,900
5,636
265
4.5
6,338
5,97 2
5,703
269
4.5
4, 172
3,994
3,816
178
4.5
3,989
3,808
3,681
127
3,994
3,758
3,655
103
2.7
4,001
3,816
3,677
139
3.6
3,997
3,777
3,642
135
3. 6
3,868
3,722
3,554
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3,623
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3,635
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3,645
N.A.
3,645
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
9.3
591
8. 1
25 to 29 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
283
5.5
30 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
4,019
145
3.8
35 to 39 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
2
Vietnam-Era veterans are those who served between August 5, 1964, and May 7, 1975.
Since seasonal variations are not present in the population figures, identical numbers
3,406
89
2.5
N.A.
N.A.
3,654
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
N.A. = not available.
49
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division 1919 to date
Goods-producing
Year
and
month
Service-producing
Transpor-
Wholesale and retail trade
and
public
utilities
Wholesale
trade
Total
Mining
Construction
Manufac-
Total
Total
27, 078
27,340
28,766
29, 806
29, 962
29, 986
3 1 , 324
29, 409
12,
12
12
12
12
12
13
11
82 8
760
489
911
738
618
301
958
1, 133
1 239
1, 089
1, 185
1, 114
1, 050
087
1, 009
1, 036
863
1, 461
1, 570
1, 623
1, 621
1, 512
1, 387
10,
10
9
10
10
9,
10,
9'
659
658
939
156
001
947
702
562
14
14
16
16
17
17
18
17
2 50
580
277
895
224
368
02 3
451
3 711
3 998
3 , 826
3, 9 4 2
3 , 895
3 , 828
3, 9 1 6
3 68 5
4
4
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
26, 635
23, 615
23, 699
25, 940
27,039
29, 068
31, O i l
2 9, 194
30,603
32, 361
10
8
8
10
10
11
12
11,
12
13
272
647
965
261
893
933
936
401
297
221
873
731
744
883
897
946
1, 015
891
8 54
92 5
1, 229
98 5
824
877
927
1, 160
1, 127
1, 070
1, 165
1, 311
8, 170
6, 931
7, 397
8, 501
9, 069
9 827
10, 794
9, 440
10, 278
10, 98 5
16
14
14
15
16
17
18
17,
18,
19
363
968
734
679
146
135
075
793
306
140
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
254
816
672
750
786
973
134
863
936
038
5
4
4
5
5
5
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
36,
40,
42,
41,
40,
41,
43,
44,
43,
45,
15,
18,
20,
19
17,
17,
18,
18,
17,
18,
963
470
114
328
507
248
509
774
565
506
957
992
92 5
8 92
836
862
955
994
930
901
1,814
2, 198
1, 587
1, 108
1, 147
1, 683
2, 009
2, 198
2, 194
2, 364
1 3, 1 92
15, 280
17, 602
17, 328
15, 524
14, 7 03
15, 545
15, 582
14, 441
15, 241
Z0,
21,
22
22,
22,
24,
25.
26,
26,
26,
574
636
320
53 6
867
404
348
092
189
691
3
3
3
3
2 74
460
647
829
906
061
166
189
001
034
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959'
1960
47, 819
48,793
50, 2 02
48,990
50, 641
52, 369
52, 853
51, 324
53, 268
54, 189
19, 959
20, 198
2 1 , 074
19, 751
20, 513
2 1 , 104
20, 964
19, 513
2 0, 411
20, 434
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732
712
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
3,
2,
2,
3,
2,
637
668
659
646
839
039
962
817
004
926
16,
16,
17,
16,
16,
17,
17,
15,
16,
16,
393
632
549
314
882
243
174
945
675
796
27,
28,
29,
29,
30,
31,
31,
31,
32,
33,
860
595
128
2 39
128
265
889
811
857
755
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
Nov
Dec
1978:
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sept
53, 999
55, 549
56, 653
58,283
60, 765
63, 901
65, 803
67,892
70, 384
70,880
71,214
73, 675
76, 790
78, 265
7 6, 94 5
79, 382
82, 256
84, 276
84, 464
8 57
451
640
005
926
158
308
732
361
578
2 2 , 93 5
2 3, 668
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619
623
609
628
642
697
752
779
809
841
682
2,
2,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
4,
4,
3,
3.
3,
4,
3,
859
948
010
097
232
317
248
350
575
588
704
889
097
020
52 5
576
833
062
896
16,
16,
16,
17,
18,
19,
19,
19,
20,
19,
19,
20,
20,
18.
18,
19,
19,
19,
326
8 53
995
274
062
214
447
776
167
367
62 3
151
154
077
323
997
647
977
990
34, 142
35, 098
3 6, 013
37, 278
38, 839
40, 743
42, 495
44, 160
46, 023
47, 3 02
48, 278
50, 007
51, 897
53, 471
54, 345
56, 030
57, 968
59, 396
59, 896
669
668
686
858
870
8 95
900
902
8 94
898
905
3,
3,
3,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
507
464
675
014
183
462
572
633
586
598
529
19,
19,
19,
20,
20,
2 0,
20,
2 0,
20,
2 0,
2 0,
842
864
995
101
209
482
240
462
651
660
728
58,
58,
59,
60,
60,
60,
60,
60,
60,
61,
61,
1919
1920
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
p
Oct.
Nov P
,
539
106
434
864
374
652
857
866
754
197
82, 724
82, 962
83, 897
8 5, 07 5
85,796
86, 799
8 5, 92 5
86, 134
86, 688
87, 298
87, 798
19,
20,
20,
21,
2 1,
23,
2 3,
23,
24,
23,
24,
24,
22,
23,
24,
24.
24,
893
794
600
352
288
880
568
24, 018
2 3, 996
2 4 , 356
2 4 , 973
2 5, 262
2 5 , 839
2 5, 712
2 5 , 997
26, 131
26, 156
26, 162
18,
706
966
541
102
534
960
213
137
557
142
636
5
trace
-
_
-
_
-
1
1
1
i
1
4
4
664
914
7
7
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
9
210
118
982
058
314
376
95 5
272
264
386
1
1
1
1
1
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
960
906
822
845 .
949
291
471
605
602
635
5
6
6
6
6
6
250
212
160
213
365
08 5
484
667
662
751
1
1
1
1
1
52 5
509
481
461
481
675
728
800
828
888
226
248
290
084
141
244
241
976
011
004
9 742
004
247
2 35
53 5
858
88 6
750
127
1 1 , 391
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
3,
3,
2,
3,
3,
727
812
8 54
867
926
018
028
980
082
143
7
7
7,
7,
7,
7,
7,
7,
8,
8,
015
192
393
368
609
840
8 58
770
045
248
1,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
11
11
H
16,
16,
17,
17,
18:
19,
19,
204
368
530
323
250
648
917
1 0 , 320
1 0 , 7 98
1 1 , 047
1 1, 351
1 1 , 836
1 2 , 329
1 2 , 5 54
12, 645
1 3 , 209
1 3 , 795
1 4 , 308
1 4 , 771
2,
2,
2,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
903
906
903
951
036
158
268
318
442
515
476
541
656
725
542
582
696
760
773
4,
4,
4, 165
4, 271
4, 452
4 , 52 1
4, 533
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
7 06
720
759
8 08
842
920
856
870
908
950
971
18, 8 06
18, 615
18, 801
19.- 053
19, 267
19, 499
19, 469
19, 519
19, 634
19, 7 09
19, 975
038
835
986
210
397
565
539
58 9
702
738
977
4, 526
4, 5 50
4, 577
4 , 609
4 . 642
4 , 712
4 , 746
4 , 754
4 , 724
4 , 732
4 , 745
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
3
3
3
3
4
4
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
337
566
778
160
716
245
606
099
12,
12,
13,
13.
14,
14, 7 0 5
15, 0 4 0
15, 352
1 5, 949
607
987
060
755
492
088
568
3, 133
3, 198
248
3, 337
3, 466
3, 597
3, 689
3, 779
3, 907
3, 993
-j
4, 0 0 1
4 , 113
4, 277
4, 433
4, 415
4 , 546
4 , 697
4 , 78 0
4 , 797
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
768
780
815
843
870
934
930
930
932
971
998
8,
8,
8,
8,
9,
9,
9,
14,
13,
13,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
14,
169
918
861
04 5
128
312
503
458
502
665
392
326
280
304
32 0
373
417
410
447
48 5
1 762
1 835
5
5
5
5
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
6
6
6
-
2
-)
3
253
352
8 57
033
154
251
42 5
361
2
2
-
_
Total
096
160
218
290
3 52
420
4 94
460
_
_
-
-
Services
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
284
68 3
755
281
431
809
265
179
42 6
750
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959. This inclusion has resulted in an increase of
212,000(0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959 benchmark month.
5
5
5
5
p
insurance,
and real
•state
_
514
467
576
784
908
874
12 3
797
GON ernmen t
F nance,
Total
2,
2,
-j
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
3,
2
3
3
3
3
905
066
130
145
222
697
02 5
181
5, 240
5, 357
956
035
111
200
2 98
389
438
481
549
62 9
5,
5,
5,
5,
6,
6,
6.
6,
7,
7,
547
699
835
969
240
497
708
765
087
378
688
7 54
8 30
911
977
058
185
3 37
512
64 5
772
908
046
148
7,
7,
8,
8,
9,
9,
620
982
277
660
03 6
498
045
567
169
548
797
276
857
441
892
10,
10,
11,
11,
11,
.2,
2,
13,
13,
14, 5 5 1
. 5, 2 4 9
5, 5 3 7
5, 5 4 0
5. 3 1 6
5, 4 8 2
5, 678
5, 866
5, 97 5
6,
6,
6,
6.
6,
6,
138
213
235
159
181
213
_
_
_
_
-
_
-
3
676
603
800
846
915
995
065
148
533
52 6
2
2
, 53 2
622
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
264
225
166
299
481
668
756
883
995
202
560
559
565
652
7 53
826
8 33
82 9
905
996
2.
2
7 04
666
6 01
647
728
842
92 3
054
090
2 06
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
4
4,
4,
4,
5,
5,
State
and
ocal
Federal
1
340
2 13
905
928
8 08
2 54
892
863
908
928
6,
5,
5,
5,
5,
5,
6,
660
483
080
04 3
944
595
474
650
856
02 6
2
1
1
1
1
^
6,
6.
6,
6,
7,
7,
7,
8,
8,
389
609
645
751
914
277
616
839
08 3
353
302
42 0
305
188
187
2 09
217
191
233
2,
2 , 270
5
6
594
890
22 5
596
1 0 , 074
10, 784
1 1 , 391
1 1 , 839
1 2 , 195
1 2 , 554
12, 88 1
1 3> 334
13, 732
14, 170
1 4 , 686
1 4 , 871
1 5 , 079
15, 490
1 5 , 482
8,
8,
9,
9,
15,
15,
15,
15.
15,
15,
14,
14,
15,
15,
15,
3 52
599
726
766
808
691
929
7 59
132
570
732
2
2
2
2
2
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2!
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2
2.
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
2,
279
340
3 58
348
37S
564
719
737
7 58
731
696
684
663
724
748
7 33
72 7
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
_,
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
320
270
174
116
137
341
582
787
948
098
087
188
340
563
72 7
069
399
5, 648
5, 8 50
6, 08 3
4
4.
4
4
4,
5,
5,
6, 315
6. 5 50
6, 8 68
7, 248
7, 696
8 - 220
8, 6 7 2
9, 102
9, 4 3 7
9 82 3
10. 18 5
1 0,
11,
11,
11,
12,
12,
649
068
446
937
138
352
2, 7 1 b
2, 7 2 4
1Z, 7 7 4
12, 7 58
2,
2,
2,
2.
2.
2,
2,
2,
2,
2.
2,
12,
12.
13,
13,
13,
12.
12.
11,
12,
12,
12,
711
720
72 5
739
756
802
815
793
744
753
7 56
641
8 79
001
027
052
889
114
966
388
817
976
p = preliminary.
51
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
[In thousands]
Production workers1
All employees
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Nov.
1977
Oct.
1977
Oct.
1978 P
Sept.
1978
Nov.
197 8 P
83, 891
TOTAL
P R I V A T E SECTOR
...
84, 276
86, 688
87, 298
68, 786
71, 556
71, 728
72, 066
905
5 8, 745
56, 449
58, 637
638
640
676
679
894
898
81. 7
9. 7
3 5. 6
82. 8
9. 3
36. 4
96. 9
25. 6
34. 3
96. 6
25. 3
34. 2
_
59. 2
5. 4
26. 7
60. 3
5. 1
27. 6
75. 1
20. 9
26. 2
74. 6
20. 6
26. 2
-
210. 8
207. 7
212. 6
209. 6
201. 7
198. 9
270. 9
272. 1
297. 4
87. 2
183. 7
88. 0
209. 4
95. 2
34. 7
102. 2
3 7. 9
101. 8
37. 6
3, 285
3, 212
3, 699
3, 715
924.
474.
53.
395.
7
9
9
9
900. 7
463. 2
53. 3
3 84. 2
698. 8
252. 6
446. 2
670. 2
231. 2
439. 0
COALMINING
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING
246. 3
242. 8
248. 0
244. 6
242. 9
239. 7
246. 4
243. 3
13
131,2
387. 6
390. 2
427. 7
42 8. 0
138
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas
liquids
Oil and gas fieid services
170. 9
216. 7
171. 6
218. 6
180. 5
247. 2
180. 0
248. 0
14
142
144
147
NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals
121.
42.
36.
23.
120.
41.
36.
23.
0
8
1
5
126. 8
44. 8
3 8. 6
23. 5
127.
44.
38.
23.
4, 062
4, 586
4, 598
GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
16
161
162
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
17
171
172
173
SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
175
176
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
6
7
5
6
4, 139
1, 179.
616.
7 8.
483.
1
7
6
8
878. 9
292. 8
586. 1
2, 081. 3
496. 3
135. 9
355. 2
332. 0
128] 8
M8. 9
1, 156.
605.
7 8.
471.
0 1, 289.4 1, 296. 2
690. 9
607. 0
6
83. 0
84. 6
9
5
513. 9
516. 2
844. 0
271. 1
572. 9
2, 062.
497.
132.
352.
330.
125!
149.
1
6
9
7
996. 0
345. 0
651. 0
986. 9
343. 1
643. 8
0 2, 300. 8 2, 315. 2
544. 4
7
544. 9
154. 0
9
155. 3
386. 7
7
388. 8
370. 1
377. 7
4
2
137! 3
139! 3
173. 8
2
169. 5
19, 992
19, 977
20, 651
11, 794
11, 816
12,345
-
-
-
4, 529
-
-
1, 6 6 1 . 2 1, 6 4 1 . 3
377. 5
377. 0
112. 0
114. 8
274. 1
276. 7
283. 9
286. 8
101. 5
97. 8
121. 8
121. 1
-
20, 660
20, 728
12, 408
12, 473
8, 198
8, 161
8, 306
8, 252
8, 255
748.
89.
235.
195.
32.
213.
77.
47.
25.
47.
41.
87.
60.
81.
8
1
5
9
8
5
7
5
9
1
7
9
2
1
741. 3
86. 4
233. 8
194. 4
32. 8
212. 1
77. 0
47. 3
26. 2
46.9
42. 0
85. 7
58. 6
81. 3
764. 5
93. 9
241. 2
200. 9
33. 6
2 17. 4
78. 3
48. 5
26. 2
48. 0
42. 5
84. 7
57. 8
84. 8
760.
92.
240.
200.
33.
214.
77.
47.
26.
47.
42.
83.
57.
86.
7
9
6
1
8
9
5
7
2
5
9
4
3
0
755.4
249
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
478.
325.
145.
101.
29.
32.
42.
23.
61.
25.
0
3
1
1
4
2
0
9
0
8
480. 9
327. 1
146.4
101. 3
30. 3
32. 1
42. 7
24. 0
60. 7
26.4
488.
329.
145.
104.
29.
33.
45.
25.
63.
26.
491. 4
331. 4
146. 3
104. 9
30. 0
33.4
45. 4
25.0
63. 7
25. 9
491. 8
NONDURABLE GOODS
685
86. 8
210.4
96. 6
35. 6
59, 055
297. 2
87. 2
184. 9
11, 12
12
CONSTRUCTION
Nov.
1978 P
205. 1
202. 4
METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores
32-39
20-23,
26-31
56, 241
841
10
101
102
24, 25,
Oct.
1978 P
Sept.
1978
837
MINING
15
152
153
154
Nov.
1977
87, 798
68, 560
Oct.
1977
14, 396
14, 387
8, 476
8, 503
1, 016.
536.
56.
423.
8 1, 027. 1
8
545. 6
2
55. 7
425. 8
8
824. 2
301. 8
522. 4
1, 858.
420.
131.
305.
322.
10 8.
140.
3, 641
-
818. 0
299. 7
518. 3
2 1, 869. 8
1
420. 0
2
131. 9
1
306. 5
9
329. 8
4
110. 2
3
144. 2
-
14, 877
14, 880
14, 950
8, 871
8, 928
•8, 993
5, 920
5, 884
6, 006
5, 952
5, 957
641.
73.
210.
175.
29.
181.
64.
40.
23.
41.
36.
71.
50.
67.
1
5
2
1
1
7
3
2
0
7
8
3
0
6
635.
70.
209.
174.
29.
180.
63.
40.
23.
41.
37.
69.
48.
67.
0
9
2
2
1
8
8
1
4
5
1
1
3
9
655. 5
77. 4
216. 1
180. 7
2 9. 5
184. 0
64. 7
40. 5
23. 5
42. 0
37. 7
69. 1
49. 2
71. 2
652. 1
77. 1
215. 1
179. 4
29. 7
181. 7
64. 0
39. 5
23.4
41. 8
38. 0
67. 7
48. 7
72. 5
644. 4
393.4
276. 7
128. 2
84. 6
23. 5
25. 1
33. 9
18. 2
46. 8
17. 8
396.
279.
129.
84.
24.
25.
34.
18.
46.
18.
7
0
2
9
4
1
6
3
3
5
402.
280.
129.
86.
23.
26.
36.
19.
48.
18.
404.
281.
129.
87.
24.
26.
36.
18.
48.
18.
405. 3
DURABLE GOODS
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
See footnotes at end of table.
52
7
4
8
3
3
3
1
0
2
0
-
-
-
1
0
0
4
4
2
8
0
2
1
3
8
3
3
1
0
9
9
7
0
_
-
-
-
_
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry — Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1
All employees
1972
SIC
Code
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
Industry
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum .
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
Oct.
1977
685.4
21.9
134. 7
75.4
59.3
44.4
30.9
52.4
47.5
206.3
23. 6
71.2
91. 0
134. 6
26. 6
21.8
28.2
Nov.
Sept.
1977
1978
687. 9
21.9
137. 9
78. 1
59.8
44.8
31.2
52.0
47. 7
204.3
23. 3
70.2
90.2
135.3
26.6
21. 7
30. 0
708.8
18.9
139. 0
78.4
60.6
47. 9
32. 1
52.2
47.8
216.2
24. 9
73.2
96.7
142. 0
28.5
22.4
3 0. 9
Oct.
1978 P
712. 0
21.4
138. 9
77. 8
61. 1
48.7
32. 1
52.2
48.5
214.9
24. 9
73.2
95. 7
142. 7
28.9
22. 7
30. 7
Nov.
Oct.
1978 P
Nov.
Sept.
1977
1977
1978
712. 7
_
_
_
—
—
_
546. 9
17.6
116.6
67.4
49.2
33.4
24.6
42. 1
40. 1
161.9
16.3
56.2
72. 8
100.5
18.6
16.9
_
923.4
424.5
1, 1 8 1 . 7
545. 3
462.5
29.4
236. 6
150o0
22.9
53.8
65.8
32.3
197.9
29.2
33. 1
81.7
93. 1
51. 7
1,174.0 1 , 2 2 3 . 3
561.4
537.5
477. 7
455.8
28.7
29.8
235.4
242. 3
150.4
153. 0
20.8
22.9
54.2
55.6
67. 0
68.6
33. 1
34.7
197. 1
209. 5
28.2
33.2
37.3
32.9
82.5
82. 1
93.8
95.3
52.2
52. 0
l , 2 2 0 o 1 1,233.6
558.6
474.8
29.8
241. 1
_
_
151. 1
23.2
55.7
68.3
34.5
210. 1
33.4
37.6
83.3
95.8
—
52.6
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
1, 614.9
77.5
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
64.3
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
181. 1
Hand and edge tools,and hand saws and blades . . .
58. 7
Hardware, nee
106.6
Plumbing and heating, except electric
70. 1
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
25.5
Heating equipment, except electric
33. 6
Fabricated structural metal products
490.2
Fabricated structural metal
99.8
Metal doors, sash, and trim
85.2
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
141.7
Sheet metal work
98. 0
Architectural metal work
32. 1
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
101. 9
48. 1
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
53.8
296.8
Metal forgings and stampings
50.6
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
116. 1
Metal stampings, nee
119.3
Metal services, nee
94. 5
Plating and polishing
66. 1
Metal coating and allied services
28.4
Ordnance and acessories nee
57.2
Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee
23.9
Misc. fabricated metal products
245.6
Valves and pipe fittings
..
96. 9
Misc fabricated wire products
48.8
1,617. 9 1,674.7
75.2
79. 7
62.2
65.8
182.5
187.5
59.2
63.9
1,684.3 1,691.4 1 , 2 2 7 . 3
—
77. 1
65.3
63.2
54.6
189.2
140.9
64.3
45. 6
83.7
108.5
52.4
71.4
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
2,234.5 2,365.3
123. 9
135.4
44. 7
45.4
90. 0
79. 2
162. 1
164^9
148.2
146.4
2,212.2
128. 0
44. 5
83. 5
165.2
149.4
359.3
159.7
107.4
70. 7
25.7
33.9
488. 9
100.3
84. 1
141. 9
98. 1
32. 0
103.0
48.6
54.4
298. 0
51.2
116.8
119.2
95.2
67. 0
28.2
57. 6
24.3
246.8
97. 8
49. 0
363 8
163.2
107.4
71.2
26.5
34. 1
510.9
102. 6
86. 7
147.5
103. 6
33. 6
108.6
52.2
56.4
302.8
54.7
116.5
120.5
97.5
69.2
28.3
59.2
24.5
257.3
100.2
52. 5
394. 0
175.' 1
26.5
34. 5
513.5
103.6
87. 0
148. 0
104. 3
33.8
109.8
52.9
56.9
305.2
55. 1
118.2
121. 1
98.8
70. 3
28.5
59.2
24.5
260. 1
100.2
53. 2
—
—
—
—
—
-
2,382.0 2,401.7
—
136. 1
45. 1
91. 0
163.9
148.2
397. 2
176!2
361. 7
22. 6
194. 6
125.2
19.0
42. 9
51.2
26.0
143. 8
22.4
24. 1
60.4
77.2
43.6
551.4
17. 7
119. 7
70. 1
49. 6
33. 7
24.8
41. 7
40. 3
159.9
15.9
55.2
72.2
103.5
18.5
16.8
_
564.4
14.4
119. 7
69. 5
50.2
34.7
25.5
41. 1
40.4
170. 9
17.7
57. 6
78. 1
107.5
19.5
17.4
—
Oct.
1978 P
566.8
16.7
119.2
68. 7
50.5
35.8
25.5
41.3
40.7
169.5
17.7
57.4
11.1
107.8
19.9
17. 7
_
916. 3
963.0
961. 9
417.5
355.5
22. 1
193. 1
125. 7
16.7
43.2
52. 0
26.7
444.3
380.0
442. 1
377.4
23.3
197. 6
125. 9
19.0
44. 8
53.4
28. 0
154. 0
25.8
28.2
61.9
79.5
44. 3
143.5
21.4
24. 3
60.9
77.9
44. 1
23. 1
197. 7
126. 8
18.7
44. 6
53.6
28.2
153.5
25.8
27.9
61.2
78.6
43.5
Nov.
1978 P
567.4
_
_
—
—
—
975. 9
—
_
-
20.8
23. 9
348.8
71.3
66.1
93. 1
72. 7
22.8
80. 1
39.7
40.4
241. 3
40. 7
98.4
93. 9
77.9
55. 0
22.9
39. 9
16.9
180.7
65. 1
37. 6
1 , 2 3 0 . 7 1 , 2 7 2 . 0 1,281. 9
63. 0
67. 0
64. 8
55. 7
52.6
53.4
147.6
142.5
145.9
50.6
46.1
50. 1
84. 9
84.7
83.8
53.0
53.5
52.9
21. 0
21.5
21.6
24.3
24.4
23.9
348. 1
365.6
363. 9
72. 1
73.9
74.9
65.0
65.5
65.7
93.2
96.4
96.9
72. 7
77. 6
78. 1
24.5
24.4
22. 9
85.3
86.4
80.9
40.0
43.2
43.7
42. 1
42. 7
40.9
247.8
242. 8
245. 0
41. 3
44. 0
43. 6
99.6
98. 1
99.9
93.6
94.8
95.5
78.5
80. 1
81.4
55.8
57.6
58.6
22.7
22.5
22.8
41. 6
40.4
41.4
17.4
17. 1
17. 1
193.2
181.5
190.5
68. 0
65. 8
68. 1
40. 6
41. 3
37.8
1,288.3
_
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
-
1,448.8
82. 1
23. 5
58. 6
113! 6
103.2
238 8
109.2
1,468.9 1, 555. 7 1, 570. 7
88. 1
89. 3
79. 3
23. 6
24. 1
24. 0
55. 7
64. 0
65. 3
113.4
113.4
115.0
102.6
104.3
102.0
263 6
266.4
243. 0
112.4
120l 9
119! 9
1,587.1
—
-
See footnotes at end of table.
53
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Production workers1
All employees
1972
SIC
Code
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
Industry
Oct.
1977
34. 7
68. 1
30. 2
3 5. 0
327. 0
64. 8
23*. 1
124. 9
60. 5
32. 3
191. 6
44. 4
29. 5
32. 7
297. 3
61. 1
56. 4
28. 0
35. 1
24. 4
22. 5
322. 8
250. 5
172. 6
119. 6
248.4
3 7. 0
211.4
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyers and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Nov.
1977
32. 9
69. 9
30. 4
3 5. 7
331. 3
65. 5
23.' 0
127. 8
60. 6
32. 9
194. 1
44. 5
30. 9
33. 2
301. 0
61. 3
57. 8
2 8. 2
36. 2
24. 7
22. 4
327. 5
253. 9
176. 3
122. 6
251. 7
37. 8
213. 9
Sept.
1978
Oct.
3 5. 7
77. 8
32.4
39.4
344. 8
70. 7
24*. 2
12 8. 1
64. 3
33. 4
200. 4
46. 0
31. 2
36. 7
313. 8
61. 5
58. 6
29. 7
3 7. 3
2 5. 8
22. 4
359. 8
281. 3
185. 7
128. 5
269. 3
39. 8
229. 5
36. 0
7 8. 4
32. 7
39. 8
347. 6
71. 2
24^2
129. 7
64. 8
33. 5
200. 3
45.9
30. 6
36. 8
315. 3
61. 3
59. 1
30. 3
3 7. 6
25. 9
22. 7
361. 9
283. 7
188. 0
130. 3
271. 7
40. 1
231. 6
1978F
Nov.
197 8 P
- —
I
-
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
22. 0
46. 3
18. 3
24. 1
237. 0
41.7
15! 2
99. 7
43. 0
24. 0
120. 4 '
27. 6
21. 0
19. 3
199. 0
38. 3
42. 9
16. 7
22.5
16. 9
16. 3
146. 6
103. 3
120. 9
84.4
190.4
29.3
161. 1
21. 1
47. 4
18. 3
24. 7
241. 4
42. 6
15! 1
102. 6
43. 1
24. 5
122. 3
27. 8
22. 0
19. 5
202. 3
38. 4
44. 3
16. 8
23. 4
17. 1
16. 3
Sept.
1978
149. 7
105.4
124. 2
87.
193.
30.
163.
1
3
0
3
Oct.
1978 P
22. 9
54. 2
19. 1
27. 3
252. 2
46. 0
16] 0
102. 9
45. 9
25. 0
125. 5
2 8. 3
22. 0
21. 7
209. 7
38. 0
45. 1
17. 2
23. 9
17. 7
16. 3
165. 0
117. 3
130. 9
90. 9
207. 3
31. 4
175. 9
23. 1
55. 0
19. 3
27. 6
254. 1
46. 2
15! 9
104. 2
46. 0
25. 2
125. 7
2 8. 3
21. 6
21. 7
210. 9
3 8. 0
45. 5
17. 8
23. 8
17. 8
16. 6
167. 1
119. 6
132. 7
92. 3
209. 5
31. 7
177. 8
Nov.
1978 P
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
1, 909. 8 1, 922. 3 1, 994, 0
120. 8
121. 0
121. 2
55. 1
55. 4
57. 1
65. 7
65. 8
63. 9
234.4
236.4
244. 9
126. 8
12 8. 1
131. 3
65. 0
65. 4
6 8. 4
184. 7
186.2
183. 3
43. 6
44. 7
43. 7
21. 3
21. 8
22. 4
55. 8
55. 7
53. 4
210. 5
220. 0
208. 7
3 8. 1
38. 6
38. 7
83. 5
84. 4
91. 5
23. 9
24. 0
22. 9
24. 2
24. 1
25. 3
124. 8
130. 6
130. 9
100. 7
101. 5
99. 1
496. 7
468. 9
472. 8
150. 9
151. 6
151. 2
318. 0
321. 2
345. 5
444. 7
407. 3
408. 6
41. 0
41. 4
43. 3
167. 2
150. 8
150. 4
172. 6
158. 6
157. 9
155. 7
158.6
154.4
28.2
27. 8
29. 0
76. 3
77. 6
79. 5
2, 006. 0 2, 018. 0
121. 4
57. 2
—
64. 2
245. 7
132. 2
68. 4
182O 1
42. 1
22. 1
—
54. 0
—
220. 3
38. 9
—
91. 7
23. 2
25. 1
—
126. 2
99. 8
500. 6
152. 9
347. 7
449. 4
43. 5
170. 2
173. 7
160. 3
29.5
80. 5
1, 260.4 1, 2 7 1 . 1 1, 309. 6
86. 3
86. 8
86. 8
38. 7
39. 1
40. 7
47.6
47. 7 •
46. 1
168. 5
169. 5
175. 7
96. 1
98. 6
96. 5
42. 0
42. 3
44. 6
144. 6
146. 2
144. 4
34. 0
3 5. 1
34. 0
16. 3
16. 8
17. 4
44. 1
43. 8
43. 2
160. 9
166. 8
159. 3
33.4
34. 0
33. 9
64. 9
59. 4
59.9
17. 7
17. 9
16. 6
19. 5
19. 0
19. 0
97. 3
98. 0
93. 1
73. 6
73. 3
72. 7
242. 7
232. 0
229. 3
102. 8
103. 5
104. 7
128. 5
138. 0
126. 5
256. 1
257. 1
279. 5
26.4
26. 8
28. 6
71. 9
78. 6
71.9
111.4
122. 8
112.2
119. 0
120.4
120. 6
22. 4
22. 9
22. 9
61. 1
62. 3
63. 0
1, 3 1 8. 0 1, 3 3 1 . 2
87. 1
40. 8
46. 3
176. 2
99. 4
44. 3
144. 0
32. 7
17. 3
43. 6
167. 4
34. 1
65. 0
16. 9
—
19. 5
94. 5
73. 3
244. 8
105. 7
139. 1
282. 2
28. 3
80. 5
123. 4
121. 8
23. 6
63. 0
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
1, 885.4 1, 878. 8 1, 993. 1
977. 3
982. 6
996. 9
465.4
461, 4
457. 3
49.4
53. 6
49. 0
450. 3
440. 6
443. 8
2 7. 2
2 7. 2
31. 6
546. 1
464. 1
461. 9
2 54. 1
316. 1
249. 5
133. 6
124. 5
122. 3
87. 7
87. 9
96.4
215.2
226. 1
226. 9
180. 4
167. 6
179. 5
46. 6
46. 5
47. 6
50. 0
50. 0
58. 8
83. 3
76. 1
77. 5
57. 7
63. 3
59. 1
2, 0 1 1 . 7 2, 026. 3
1, 006. 4
464. 1
53. 5
457. 3
31. 5
—
552. 6
320. 5
134. 5
—
97. 6
—
216. 9
168. 6
48.3
60.4
83. 0
63. 0
1, 306. 3 1, 303. 2 1, 3 80. 8
767. 9
765. 2
778. 6
351. 0
344. 8
344. 5
39.2
43. 6
39. 0
365. 5
360. 3
356. 5
21.2
21. 1
25. 0
231. 0
229. 1 287. 2
108. 6
104.3
150. 9
74. 8
68.0
70.2
54.4
54. 6
61. 5
180.4
182.6
172. 3
142. 3
144. 6
133. 3
38. 1
3 8. 0
39. 0
36. 6
36. 4
45. 1
26. 0
24. 3
23. 9
16. 1
16. 5
17. 7
1, 399. 6 1, 416. 1
~
789. 9
348. 7
43. 3
373. 0
24. 9
292. 5
154.3
75. 7
62. 5
174. 3
134. 5
39. 8
46.4
25. 3
17. 0
See footnotes at end of table.
54
..
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry — Continued
[In thousands]
All employees
1972
SIC
1 ndustry
Code
Nov.
1977
Oct.
1977
379
3792
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT—Continued
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and rnedical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
39
391
3911
393
394
3942, 4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packinq plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products
21
211
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
68. 4
46. 3
621.
64.
201.
48.
46.
7
4
9
1
7
73. 2
26. 2
129. 4
50. 6
61. 8
Sept.
1978
67. 6
45. 5
625.
65.
204.
48.
46.
6
2
0
4
9
73. 3
26. 4
131. 5
51. 6
62. 6
41. 7
41. 1
128. 4
• 29. 7
128. 5
28. 9
455. 7
62. 6
452. 9
63. 6
40. 4
23. 5
127. 4
41. 2
23. 7
122. 0
57. 8
64. 2
35. 1
66. 2
63. 9
63. 5
35. 3
63. 8
34. 3
36. 4
143. 1
50. 6
142. 3
50. 5
76. 3
51.0
Production workers
Oct.
197 8 P
75. 7
50. 1
Nov.
1978 P
_
662. 9
68. 3
219. 1
48. 6
48. 4
85. 8
28. 4
143. 4
58.4
66. 8
42.0
132. 0
29. 7
665.
69.
218.
48.
49.
85.
28.
144.
58.
67.
41.
133.
29.
1
6
3
9
1
1
7
3
8
2
5
3
4
672. 0
469. 4
63. 3
40. 3
25. 9
124. 1
63. 3
60. 8
34. 9
71. 0
40. 0
150.2
53. 7
474.
63.
40.
26.
125.
64.
60.
35.
73.
42!
150.
53.
2
6
1
0
0
4
6
2
5
0
9
9
469. 9
—
-
_
-
Nov.
1977
Oct.
1977
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978 P
51. 8
36. 4
51. 4
36. 1
58. 8
41. 1
379. 2
382. 6
407. 2
33.9
139. 4
33. 5
25. 2
54. 9
16. 1
95. 5
38. 8
44. 9
30. 9
68. 3
23. 1
407.
34.
139.
33.
26.
54.
95.
38.
45.
30.
68.
22.
7
7
2
7
6
7
360. 6
46. 8
29- 3
21. 3
96. 6
48. 7
47. 9
25. 3
57. 6
32*. 8
113. 0
38. 9
364.
47.
29.
21.
98.
50.
48.
25.
59
34.
113.
38.
6
3
2
2
0
0
0
4
5
3
2
8
30. 7
31. 2
127. 6
129. 3
33. 4
24. 7
45. 4
15. 1
86. 5
33. 7
41. 7
30. 9
65. 3
23. 1
33. 7
24. 9
45. 5
15. 5
88. 3
34. 7
42. 2
30. 5
65. 5
22. 3
349.
46. 2
346. 9
29. 1
18. 8
29. 8
19. 1
93. 7
98. 8
48.
50.
25.
51.
7
1
4
7
28]
3
108. 3
36. 2
47. 0
43.
50.
25.
53.
30.
0
7
4
0
107. 8
36. 1
58. 2
40. 2
9
7
2
6
3
4
16. 3
Nov.
197 8 P
_
417. 6
_
_
_
_
-
359. 9
—
-
NONDURABLE GOODS
1, 750. 6 1, 709. 4
357. 2
357. 9
172. 3
172. 2
69. 9
69. 7
101. 1
101. 9
2
188. 9
189.
31. 3
7
122.
257.
2 8.
107.
9
1
7
47. 0
145. 5
24. 4
31. 2
122. 9
228. 8
28. 4
84. 0
44. 8
144. 6
24. 6
61. 2
235. 0
194. 7
40. 3
233. 8
194. 4
122. 7
116. 8
41. 8
61. 2
42. 5
231. 4
51. 2
134. 6
169. 2
36. 5
60. 6
43. 2
229. 3
50. 4
133. 8
166. 1
79. 5
49. 5
49. 5
917. 5
159. 5
124. 4
920. 6
159. 7
124. 7
20. 1
25. 6
240. 1
28. 4
35. 0
79. 0
35. 1
20. 3
26. 0
240. 4
28. 7
35. 2
78. 5
35. 5
61. 1
39
4
77. 4
1, 790. 4 1 , 734. 9 1, 707. 0
362. 0
361. 5
171. 7
170. 8
68. 6
69. 1
—
107. 2
107. 7
190. 0
191. 8
32. 0
31. 7
—
122. 7
121. 8
301. 1
242. 4
28. 8
29. 9
150. 9
93. 6
42. 3
42. 8
—
146. 3
146. 8
24. 7
24. 8
62. 1
62. 3
228. 8
229. 3
188. 5
188. 4
40 8
40 4
117. 6
109. 5
31. 5
38. 1
57. 4
58.9
40. 4
39. 7
232. 9
230. 1
50. 2
49. 4
140. 3
13 8. 3
177. 8
177. 3
78. 0
49. 0
913. 6
152. 0
121. 1
20. 7
26. 1
245. 4
30. 2
35. 4
78. 6
37.9
78. 7
49. 2
911.
152.
121.
20.
26.
242.
30.
35.
76.
37.
9
6
3
8
1
9
7
2
6
7
77. 3
-
912. 5
-
-
1, 197. 6 1, 159. 5 1. 2 4 1 . 0
295. 2
295. 9
299. 6
139. 2
1 38. 6
1 39. 2
2
5l!
51. 0
50. 7
92. 4
93. 1
.97. 9
98. 5
98. 2
101. 0
24. 3
24. 1
25. 1
52. 9
52. 7
53. 1
212. 7
184. 5
257. 5
21. 3
20. 0
19. 8
90. 6
67. 7
134. 3
40. 8
38. 9
37. 2
98. 2
99. 0
99. 4
2
16.
16. 2
15. 6
37. 7
37. 9
39. 5
136. 4
135. 5
133. 6
104. 3
104. 3
101. 0
32 ^
31 ^
32. 6
97. 1
92.' 4
84. 1
33. 5
23. 0
29. 1
7
5
46. 0
49.
49.
30. 6
28. 3
31. 3
108. 5
107. 1
109. 6
34. 4
33. 8
33. 6
48. 6
47. 8
50. 7
116. 4
127. 9
119. 6
64. 4
38. 8
62. 4
38. 7
798. 5
143. 4
111. 3
801. 5
143. 8
111. 6
16. 9
16. 7
22. 3
207. 3
25. 1
31. 7
67. 6
30. 3
22. 7
207. 3
25. 4
32. 0
67. 0
30. 5
62. 9
38. 1
795.
136.
108.
17.
22.
212.
26.
32.
67.
32.
6
4
3
3
8
1
9
2
2
4
1,
188. 1 1, 161. 7
300. 0
—
138. 3
50.'4
—
98. 5
99. 4
24. 9
—
52. 4
199. 7
—
20. 4
78. 0
37. 5
—
100. 0
15. 6
39.
133.
101.
32.
92.
29.
47.
29.
107.
33.
49.
126.
7
3
1
2
1
3
7
1
8
2
1
7
63. 9
38. 4
794.
137.
108.
17.
22.
209.
27.
32.
65.
32.
3
3
4
4
8
7
4
0
0
4
—
-
62. 8
795. 7
—
—
—
—
-
See footnotes at end of table.
55
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Production workers1
Ail employees
1972
SIC
Code
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
Industry
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS—Continued
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills.
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Oct.
1977
36. 8
80. 1
32.7
30. 1
61.4
134.2
87.8
22.2
72. 1
Nov.
1977
36.7
81.3
33. 5
30.4
61.4
134.2
88.2
22.5
72.6
Sept.
1978
36. 9
79.7
33.2
29.9
63. 0
134.2
89.4
21.8
71.4
1,333.8 1,333.7 1,325.8
91.0
89.2
89.9
379.8
378.6
370. 0
106. 1
104. 5
105.3
88. 1
88.5
84.5
100. 5
93. 7
100.5
426. 0
426.5
424.8
57.4
59.0
56.9
159.2
159.3
159. 1
66.4
67.5
67. 9
140. 7
143.0
140.9
97.2
97.2
94. 7
76.5
76.3
75.3
20. 7
20. 9
19.4
68.2
67. 8
68. 6
26.4
26. 6
25. 2
63!4
63] 0
6l! 7
189. 9
191. 8
195. 1
31.0
31.7
30.9
51.5
52. 6
52. 6
36.4
35. 7
37. 5
698.5
206.8
178.4
66.2
212.0
54.9
24. 0
48.4
213.5
42. 0
105. 9
32. 8
697. 0
205.4
177. 1
66. 1
211. 7
55.0
24.2
48.0
213. 8
41. 8
106.4
32. 7
7 02. 9
200 o 4
174. 0
67. 1
216.9
57. 6
24. 0
49.5
218.5
43. 1
109.3
33. 0
Oct.
1978 P
37. 0
78.3
33.4
28.5
63.5
135. 1
90.0
21.9
71.3
1,327.4
88.6
376.4
105.8
84.2
92.5
431.0
59.7
160.7
66. 9
143. 7
93. 9
74.8
19. 1
68.4
25. 5
6L4
196.6
30.9
52.8
38. 1
697. 1
192.2
165. 9
67.3
217.2
57. 1
24.4
49.9
220.4
43.4
110.2
33. 3
Nov
1978 P
—
_
1, 3 2 7 . 9
—
—
-
705. 8
-
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commerical printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services-
1 , 1 5 0 . 9 1, 155.4 1 , 1 7 9 . 5
398.8
401. 1
399.6
76. 0
76.3
79. 5
97. 6
98. 8
100.2
67. 5
68.2
70. 1
30. 1
30.6
30. 1
44. 3
44.3
46. 7
371. 0
370. 0
383.2
161.3
167.3
161. 1
195. 1
186. 7
186.9
42.5
45.4
42.6
62. 0
58.8
59. 1
39.2
39.2
39. 1
1, 184. 1 1 , 2 0 2 . 6
401. 6
79. 9
_
100. 0
70.0
30 o 0
46.4
386. 1
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations. . .
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
1,075.9 1,073.9 1 , 0 9 3 . 8
163.4
163.7
165.3
106.4
106.4
109. 5
211. 7
214.2
211.9
82.8
84. 1
83.0
94. 8
94.4
94.9
181. 7
184. 3
181. 5
144. 8
145. 1
147.2
132.7
130.8
139.0
40.5
40.6
41. 0
36.6
36.5
37.8
55. 6
5 3. 7
60.2
66. 6
66.2
70. 7
165.5
165. 7
163. 9
1, 0 9 2 . 7 1,095.2
165. 0
—
109.2
213. 8
84. 1
94.9
—
184. 7
147. 3
138. 7
41. 1
38.2
59.4
—
69.8
163. 6
See footnotes at end of table.
56
167. 7
197.4
-
45. 7
62.4
39.5
-
Oct.
1977
30. 7
67.7
27.2
25.8
49. 7
122.4
81.3
19.8
57. 7
Nov.
1977
30.6
68.'9
28.0
26.0
49.9
122.3
81.6
20. 1
58. 0
Sept.
1978
31. 1
bl'.l
27.8
25.6
51.3
122.3
82.7
19.4
57.4
1,142.7 1, 143.4 1 , 1 4 2 . 1
79.7
78.7
78.3
328.0
320.6
327.3
90.7
92.1
91.8
77. 3
77.8
74.3
85. 1
85.3
79. 7
366.7
369.5
365.0
49.8
50.2
52.0
140.2
140. 1
140.9
57.8
56. 7
58.2
117.2
118.4
119. 7
83.4
83.3
80.8
66. 7
66.5
65.4
16.7
16.8
15.4
57. 7
57.2
58.6
22. 6
23.5
23. 8
54. 3
54. 9
53*. 3
157. 1
163.6
159, 1
27.0
27. 7
27. 1
42.4
43.4
44. 0
31.4
30.2
29.8
Oct.
1978 P
Nov.
1978 P
31.1
66.3
28. 1
24.2
52.0
123.0
83.2
19.5
57.4
1,142.4
77. 6
318.0
91.9
74. 0
78. 5
373. 0
52. 5
142.3
57. 7
120.5
80. 1
65.0
15. 1
58.3
22. 7
52. 9
164. 9
27. 1
44.2
.31. 9
1,142.5
534.9
—
—
_
—
—
-
524.0
158. 1
135. 7
52. 0
149.4
2 6. 6
18.9
38. 6
164.5
33. 3
77. 9
27. 1
522.8
156.3
134. 0
51.9
149.5
26.8
19.3
38.3
165. 1
33. 1
78.5
27. 1
528.2
150.2
129. 6
52. 7
156.3
32. 6
524.5
142. 6
121. 9
52. 9
157. 6
33.2
18.9
38. 9
169.0
19.3
38. 9
171.4
34. 3
81. 0
27.3
34. 7
82. 1
27. 7
652. 3
168.6
14. 9
48. 1
22.8
25.3
23. 9
275. 3
120o3
136.8
30.3
48.3
29. 1
653. 7
169. 3
15. 0
49. 4
23.4
26.0
24. 3
2 74. 6
120.4
135.7
30.4
48.2
29.0
658.6
156.9
13. 9
49.4
24. 1
25.3
28.4
283.4
124.4
141. 9
32.8
51.1
28. 6
662.5
157.8
14. 0
49.4
24.2
25.2
28.3
286. 0
124.8
143. 8
33. 0
51.4
28. 7
678.2
_
_
—
-
615.3
94.4
58. 9
140.8
51.3
66.2
88. 9
68.2
81. 1
26. 0
20. 1
35. 0
34. 9
84.5
613. 0
94.3
58. 7
140. 6
51.2
65. 8
89. 0
68.5
79.5
26. 0
20.1
33.4
34.4
84.7
626.9
92. 6
60.4
145.7
51.7
68.0
87. 0
66.3
86. 0
26.2
21.3
38.5
37. 3
85.3
624.8
91. 7
60. 1
145. 5
51. 9
68. 0
87. 7
67.2
86. 0
26.4
21. 7
37. 9
36.5
84. 7
625.6
—
_
—
-
—
—
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1
All employees
1972
SIC
Industry
Nov.
1977
Oct.
1977
Code
Sept.
1978
Nov.
197 8 p
Oct.
1978 p
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978 p
Nov.
197 8P
35. 6
35. 7
35. 8
35. 8
21. 6
21.7
22. 2
22. 3
287
289
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Cont'd
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals,
nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
129. 9
67. 2
87. 1
130. 0
67. 2
86. 9
128. 1
68. 3
88. 1
127. 8
68. 7
88. 4
62. 9
40. 8
49. 9
63. 0
40. 8
49. 7
63. 1
42. 6 .
50. 4
62. 4
42. 1
50. 6
29
291
295
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
206. 0
160. 2
34. 3
205. 4
160. 9
33. 1
211. 8
163. 2
36. 9
212. 2
163. 5
37. 0
211. 6
135. 8
101. 3
26. 7
134. 8
101. 5
25. 6
139.2
102. 7
29. 1
139. 1
103. 1
28. 7
139. 8
30
301
302
303,4
RUBBER A N D MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS
730. 8
128. 9
2 3. 0
733.0
129. 0
23. 1
758. 2
126. 2
23. 8
763. 1
126. 4
24. 1
767. 5
574. 3
94. 3
20. 1
594. 8
91. 7
23. 8
599. 2
91. 5
21. 1
605. 0
-
572. 4
94. 1
20. 0
24. 2
112. 8
441. 9
24. 1
112. 7
444. 1
22. 1
113. 1
47 3. 0
22. 4
113. 1
477. 1
-_
18. 6
87. 7
352. 0
18. 3
88. 2
35 3. 4
16. 4
88. 9
377. 0
16. 7
89. 0
380. 9
254.
22.
156.
64.
60.
17.
33.
255.
22.
157.
65.
60.
17.
33.
252.
21.
156.
63.
62.
18.
31.
250.
21.
154.
62.
61.
17.
31.
217.
19.
135.
57.
51.
13.
27.
1
2
3
1
3
8
8
219. 0
19. 3
137. 1
5 7.5
52. 1
13. 5
27. 4
216.
18.
136.
55.
54.
13.
26.
213.
18.
133.
54.
52.
13.
26.
4, 033
4, 035
4, 117
2865
2861,9
306
307
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
...
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
40
4011
411
412
413
415
TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
44
WATER TRANSPORTATION
. ..
247. 5
4, 971
-
4, 760
4, 908
4, 950
546. 7
504. 9
527. 7
490. 7
551. 4
508. 5
-
264. 2
72. 9
68. 2
36. 2
75. 0
263. 0
72. 7
66. 3
3 8. 6
71. 2
266.
72.
67.
37.
75.
_
-
0
1
2
0
4
1, 290. 2 1, 299. 0
1, 204. 8 1, 2 1 1 . 0
85. 4
88. 0
195. 1
208. 5
386. 8
345. 2
396. 4
352. 0
396. 1
351. 3
18. 8
18. 8
19. 0
159. 3
171. 6
1, 188. 8
960. 1
169. 9
1, 193. 8
964. 4
170. 9
..
747.
340.
154.
188.
41.
752.
341.
157.
188.
41.
...
18, 799
4, 769
2, 745
402. 8
95. 8
169. 1
62. 6
131. 5
377. 7
222. 8
TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
48
481
483
COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
49
491
492
493
495
ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
Air transportation
.
WHOLESALE TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE - DURABLE GOODS
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishing
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Flprtrirjal nnnrR
Hardware, plumbing, and heating tquipment
244. 5
66. 7
-
33. 7
_
-
242. 9
66. 8
32. 9
-
-
-
6
0
6
8
6
9
4
210. 3
4, 152
4, 172
-
-
-
243. 0
67. 4
35. 5
-
246. 3
66. 9
33. 9
-
1, 098. 4 1, 101. 1 1, 143.2
1, 024. 1 1, 023. 9 1, 069. 6
74. 3
77. 2
73. 6
1, 152. 0
1, 075. 6
76. 4
17 3. 2
PIPE LiNES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS
47
-
-
18. 9
158. 5
46
-
3
1
7
6
5
9
3
-
208. 1
388. 3
346. 3
T R A N S P O R T A T I O N BY AiR
50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
1
3
3
2
4
9
4
195. 8
. . .
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
-
547. 9
505. 9
1, 240. 1 1, 242. 0
1, 154. 0 1, 153. 1
86. 1
88. 9
45
451,2
50,51
2
5
6
0
7
0
3
-
265. 1
72.6
68. 4
37. 0
74. 9
LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses
42
421,3
422
3
6
1
0
7
6
0
_
4, 749
RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION
Class I railroads2. * *
41
6
5
2
7
5
8
5
-
. ..
0
0
8
4
0
2
7
5
9
3
1, 250. 4 1, 254. 8
1, 006. 6 1, 010. 3
178. 9
179. 8
781.
359.
161.
190.
44.
1
4
6
3
7
782. 2
362. 4
160. 4
190.2
44. 3
_
-
-
-
-
-
13. 7
13. 6
13. 8
13. 6
-
905. 8
720. 5
133. 7
908. 6
722. 6
135. 0
945. 6
747. 4
141. 6
948. 6
749. 2
142. 8
_
-
615. 7
276. 8
126. 5
15 6. 9
36. 6
619. 8
278. 0
129.3
156. 7
36.9
638.
290.
132.
155.
39.
637.
292.
131.
154.
39.
16, 569
16, 851
17, 310
3, 931
3, 941
2, 262
330. 6
78. 3
140. 9
52. 1
106. 8
312. 6
185. 7
2, 273
332. 5
79. 1
141. 0
52. 4
106. 8
315. 8
186. 6
19, 088
19, 634
19. 709
19, 975
4, 7 80
4, 932
4, 971
4, 998
2, 757
404. 3
97. 1
169. 2
63. 1
132. 1
381. 6
223. 5
2, 885
423. 4
100. 0
177. 4
61. 7
139. 9
401. 3
234.2
2, 902
426. 0
100. 6
178. 1
62. 7
140. 7
403. 8
236. 8
-
—
0
2
4
1
6
9
5
1
7
1
-
17, 364
17, 622
4, 069
4, 093
4, 119
2, 374
347. 7
80. 8
148. 7
51.3
113. 8
330. 4
194. 6
2, 383
349. 2
81. 7
149. 0
52. 0
114. 3
333. 3
196. 4
-
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
57
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1
All employees
1972
SIC
Code
508
509
51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519
Industry
WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS—
Continued
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemical and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
RETAIL TRADE
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
1,093.8 1, 099. 1 1, 153.6
188.4
186. 5
193. 6
Oct.
1978P
Nov.
1978P
1, 158.5
194.3
2,024
128.2
133. 1
158.2
620.4
115. 1
226.4
125.7
354.3
2, 023
128.8
132.9
158.6
618.8
115.3
226.7
126.5
352.4
2,047
132. 6
137.7
160. 0
622.7
116.5
224. 9
133.7
357. 6
14,030
14,308
14,702
14,738
574. 1
309.4
138.9
577.6
310.2
141.5
596.0
322.4
141.4
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
1978^
898. 0
157.2
944. 1
163. 1
1,668
105.7
113.5
125.6
533.2
81
176.9
107. 3
291. 1
1, 695
107.7
117.6
127. 6
544. 0
83.5
171. 1
113.5
2 95.4
1,710
108.6
118.5
128.2
544. 7
83.6
168.9
113.3
301.6
12,638
12,910
13,241
13,271
489.2
265.2
119.7
597.8
321.5
142.8
14,977
944.3
162.5
1,669
104.7
113.7
125. 1
534.9
80.8
177. 1
106.4
292.6
2, 069
134. 1
138. 6
161. 0
624.4
116.6
222.4
133.3
364. 1
902.9
155. 9
492.6
266.0
122. 1
509. 9
278.2
120.8
512. 0
277.4
122.3
521
525
BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN
SUPPLIES
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores
53
531
533
539
GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
2.245.6 2,418.7 2,311.3
1,828. 1 1,971.4 1,869.5
282.3
304.3
296.6
135.2
145.2
143.0
2,357.0
1,903.2
302.4
151.4
2,076.8 2 , 2 4 4 . 9 2,157.5
1,699.6 1,840.2 1, 756. 7
262.5
282.6
276.8
114.7
122. 1
124.0
2, 197. 7
1,788.7
279. 1
54
541
542
546
FOOD STORES
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners
Retail bakeries
2, 140.6 2, 161.9 2,206.2
1, 875.8 1,891.0 1, 943.8
45.4
49.3
51.0
118. 1
115.8
116.6
2,236.2
1,967.7
47. 7
118.7
1,974.7 1,995.8 2,035.4
1,734.4 1, 749.4 1, 796.4
2,061.5
1,817.0
108.4
109. 1
55
AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE
STATIONS
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
1,817. 1 1,818.8 1,875.0
859.3
891.9
860.9
244.8
255.8
246.5
638. 0
649.0
637. 7
1,876.7
895.9
253.6
649.8
1,569.0 1,570. 1 1, 610.6
719. 1
720.3
745. 0
216.0
217.0
223.2
571.4
571.5
575.8
13,503
1,612.3
749. 0
220.6
576.6
551,2
553
554
106.3
107. 1
129. 9
565
566
APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
870.8
137. 1
323.7
155. 1
167.3
899. 1
142.3
335.3
160.9
170. 9
870. 7
135.9
322. 0
157.7
170. 9
891.
140.
331. 5
159.6
173. 6
755.3
116.7
282.2
137. 7
141.4
782.7
121.9
293.2
143.5
144.8
751.7
115. 9
279.4
139.8
142.9
768. 7
119.2
288.5
140.5
145.2
FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS
STORES
Furniture and home furnishings
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
575. 6
352. 7
85.2
137.7
589. 0
593.2
358.2
88. 7
599. 1
360.0
481. 9
571
572
573
495.4
302.7
75.6
497.4
3 03.3
146.3
149.5
491.
301.
75.
114.9
EATING AND DRINKING PLACES
4 , 0 5 3 . 2 4 , 0 3 3 . 2 4,474.4
4,371.0
3,752.5 3 , 7 3 5 . 2 4, 121.3
4,027.7
MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fue! and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
1,752.9
486.4
112. 6
494.8
278. 1
101.2
226.7
1,809. 0
502. 6
122.2
511.0
289.5
100.5
229.9
1,538.4 1,593.6 1,563.4
441.3
447.3
45J. 9
1,593.4
457.4
56
561
562
59
591
592
594
596
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE ?
BANKING
Commercial and stock savings banks.
356.4
87.5
145. 1
,809.3 1,775.2
503. 0
492.3
120. 7
115.7
497.4
514.9
278.8
297.5
97.2
104.8
225. 0
232.3
4,724
4,732
1,367.6 1,372.7 1,430.3
1,247.3 1,252.0 1,305.5
1,434.2
1,309.1
4,503
4,521
299.2
73.2
89.6
61
612
614
CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions
478.7
201.0
191.4
479.2
202.5
191.2
504.2
216.8
198.7
5 05.8
218.3
198.5
62
621
SECURITY, COMMODITY BROKERS, AND
SERVICES
Security brokers and dealers
181.2
148.3
181.3
148.4
191.6
157.2
INSURANCE CARRIERS
Life insurance
1, 157.7 1,164.1 1,200.5
520.4
521.5
520.3
1,203.5
520.5
117. 1
424.8
256. 7
85. 1
192.0
4,745
444. 9
275.9
196.7
81. 9
189.2
3,422
3,435
3,595
427. 6
260.0
1,072.6 1,077.2 1, 115.9
975.6
979.9 1,014.3
76.3
117.8
438.6
271.0
85.0
194.3
3,599
1, 118. 1
1,061. 1
367.2
157.8
143.7
367.4
159.1
143.4
387.8
169.4
150.8
389.7
170.7
151.2
806.8
310.2
811.3
310.9
839.0
310.7
842.8
312.2
193.0
158.3
63
631
109.5
See footnotes at end of table.
58
3,617
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry — Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1
All employee
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Nov.
1977
Oct.
1977
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978 P
INSURANCE CARRIERS—Continued
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
133. 5
436. 8
1.34. 9
440. 3
139. 6
468. 1
INSURANCE AGENTS, BROKERS, AND
SERVICE
REAL ESTATE
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers .
Subdivides and developers
376. 0
816. 0
415. 3
273.3
104. 5
376. 9
820. 2
417. 6
275. 9
103. 8
398- 4
868. 1
433. 9
2 95. 1
114. 5
COMBINED REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE, ETC
29. 0
29- 6
30.4
HOLDING AND OTHER INVESTMENT OFFICES. .
96.4
96.8
100. 5
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978 P
109- Q
3 3 5. 4
112. 4
356. 4
112.9
3 57. 7
3, 889
14, 363
14, 3 56
Nov
Nov,
1978 P
29. 8
67
197' 7
401. 2
864. 7
431. 4
296. 0
112. 2
66
Oct.
1977
108.8
3 3 0. 0
140. 0
470. 0
65
651
653
655
Nov.
1978 P
100. 0
632
633
64
15, 541
15, 537
16. 159
16, 181
70
701
HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES
Hoteis, motels, and tourist courts
949. 9
911. 5
920. 0
885. 1
991. 3
951. 3
942. 3
909. 6
72
721
723
726
PERSONAL SERVICES
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
891. 5
3 5 5. 9
2 7 9,4
68.4
895. 1
3 56. 4
280. 0
68. 6
8 95. 6
3 52. 4
281. 7
70. 5
900. 7
355. 3
282. 2
70.2
73
731
732
733
734
736
737
BUSINESS SERVICES
Advertising
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Computer and data processing services
7b
753
AUTO REPAIR, SERVtCES, AND GARAGES
Automotive repair shops
500. 1
307. 6
503. 9
307. 9
520.9
320. 6
76
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES
243. 1
242.3
78
781
783
MOTION PICTURES
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
224. 1
89. 9
123. 9
221.2
90. 6
120. 3
79
AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES
65 5. 0
618. 6
SERVICES
80
802
805
806
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
LEGAL SERVICES
82
821
822
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
83
SOCIAL SERVICES
86
MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATIONS
89
.
4, 6 2 6 . 8 4 , 639- 9
656 7
660 1
284. 5
28 3. 1
86 9. 7
868.4
2, 48 7. 9 2 , 492. 1
HEALTH SERVICES
81
2, 429. 0 ^ , 436. 7
133. 1
134. 0
84. 3
84. 1
96.2
96. 0
43 0. 5
43 3. 3
397. 2
381. 3
193. 2
191.6
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
40 1. 5
1, 095. 8 1 , 113. 9
2 3 3. 6
236. 8
774. 4
7 61.3
860. 5
.
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
GOVERNMENT
4
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. .
Executive
Department of Defense
Postal Service
Other executive agencies
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding
873. 3
1, 502. 7 1 , 5 1 2 . 4
13, 898
838. 1
812.
317. 7
2 5 5. 7
317. 7
2 56. 6
5
2, 115.2 2 121. 9
98. 4
99. 0
1 2 , 633. 7
145. 6
7
8 7. 6
9
8
104. 7
457. 5
2
6
428. 1
6
2 17. 3
874. 8
837. 2
314. 6
2 60. 5
3 1 6. 6
259- 7
2. 275. 4 2, 293. 6
106. 3
107. 2
-
-
14, 368
_
-
-
-
38 6. 3
390. 2
411. 9
156. 5
157. 9
175. 3
179- 5
524. 2
322. 2
430. 5
2 62. 1
433. 8
262. 0
448. 3
274. 6
450. 1
274-7
243. 3
246. 4
209- 6
209. 2
207. 8
210. 5
228. 5
85. 7
132. 6
221. 1
86. 7
124. 1
197.2
77. 2
196. 0
,2 00. 8
73. 1
195. 6
75. 7
733.8
664. 3
591. 8
5 55. 8
669. 8
597. 9
4 4 145. 6
548. 8
6
252, 2
9
3
786. 8
5 2 265. 3
7
275. 7
567 3
2 50. 5
~~
4. 136.
54 5
251.
787.
2, 260.
4, 8 0 4 . 8 4 , 817. 8
L0q 7
688 2
DO7- 1
288. 1
288. 1
917. 7
918. 2
2, 562. 5 ? , 570. 2
42 6. 7
410. 8
-
429. 2
349- 3
-
978. 6 1 , 068. 3
226. 5
232. 9
6 51.3
731. 3
79.
_
350. 7
-
4,
4, 279.
564
251. 0
828. 5
2, 3 38. 1 2,
368. 7
82 7 . 6
3 3 0. 0
370. 2
-
-
956. 6
949. 2
1, 520. 3 1 , 532.8
665. 0
366. 1
204. 9
802. 3
866. 2
870. 1
253. 3
43 5. 0
2 54. 5
469.0
271. 9
470. 2
275. 0
15, 331
15, 490
15, 132
15, 570
15, 732
2, 7 53
2, 7 56
797.8
A i
893
402. 8
2, 613.
144.
86.
102.
458.
427.
213.
16. 213
?
Q
2, 714
2, 716
2, 744
2, 662.
907.
649.
1, 105.
140.
70.
5 2 , 664. 3
8
909.8
650.2
2
5 1 , 104. 3
0
139- 9
3
70. 7
2, 6 9 1 . 9
, 700. 8
905.4
905. 8
651. 9
6 53. 2
1, 134. 6 1 , 141. 8
140.2
139.8
71.5
72. 4
2
669- 3
367. 9
206. 6
-
717. 3
718. 9
396.
7
2 15.
39 5. 9
218. 3
-
-
-
See footnotes at end of table.
59
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
All employees
1972
SIC
Industry
Code
Executive—Continued
Transportation and public utilities, except
Postal Service
Services
Hospitals
Legislative
Judicial
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
_
State government
Hospitals
State education
General administration inciuc'ng executive,
legislative, and judicial func; ons
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Local education
General administration including executive.
legislative, and judicial functions
_
_
1
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
37.3
374.3
228.6
38.9
12.5
37.6
373. 9
229.8
39. 1
12.5
37.7
386.7
236.6
39.3
13.0
12,617
12, 774
12,388
12,817
3 ,435.1 3 ,460.0 3 349.8
3 ,475. 9
555. 2
1 ,438! 6
878.5
38. 9
13. 0-
548.6
553. 7
571.5
494. 5
494. 9
515.5
5 , 184. 1 5 ,289.0 4 837. 0
2 ,633. 1 2 ,646.4 2 761.4
2 ,711. 4
910.9
Nov.
1977
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
—
-
—
-
—
-
—
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978P
Nov.
1978P
12,976
898. 0
9 ,340. 8
5 72. 1
515. 8
5 ,212. 0
878.9
9 , 182.0 9 ,313.5 9 038.0
Oct.
1977
—
-
37. 6
379. 5
232. 7
3
—
-
-
-
-
r
Data for nonoffice sales agents excluded from noMSupe<-viso y count for all saries in this division.
4
Prepared by the U.S. Civil Se-vice Commission. Data relate to civilian employment only and
exclude Central intelligence and National Security Agencies.
p= preliminary.
* Not available.
**
Nov^
1978
Oct.
1978P
546. 3
548. 4
553. 2
1 ,440.6 1 ,466.2 1 298.2
Data relate to production and related workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction
workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Beginning January 1978, data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of $50,000,000
or more.
60
Production worker *
Revised data for Class I railroads (SIC 4011) July and August 1978 all employees are: 486.3 and
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code
Aug.
1978
Sept.
1978
TOTAL. .
34, 351
34, 468
3 5, 2 51
PRIVATE SECTOR
27, 817
28, 083
28, 302
78
78
Sept.
1977
July
1978
32, 716
Industry
33, 552
26, 464
2 6, 776
Aug.
1977
78
67
67
METAL MINING
6. 0
5.8
7. 5
7. 5
7. 3
11. 12
COALMINING
6. 6
7. 0
8. 1
8. 1
8. 2
13
131, 2
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
4 6. 6
46. 3
53.8
54. 5
54. 5
31. 0
15. 6
3 0. 5
15.8
35. 1
18. 7
3 5. 3
19. 2
3 5. 0
19. 5
7.8
2. 4
2. 4
7. 6
2. 4
2. 3
3. 3
2. 7
2. 6
8. 3
2. 7
2. 6
8.4
2. 7
2. 6
313
313
341
343
MINING
10
14
142
144
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural
gas liquids
Oil and gas field services
NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and grave!
CONSTRUCTION
0
3
8
9
55.4
16. 0
39. 4
56. 1
16. 6
3 9. 5
55. 6
16. 5
39. 1
162. 1
45.8
10. 5
28. 9
18.7
12. 4
11. 1
163.2
45. 9
10. 5
29.2
18. 5
12. 7
11. 2
162. 6
45. 7
10. 3
2 9. 0
18. 4
12. 5
11. 3
111. 4
65.9
15. 3
30.2
113. 0
67. 0
15. 8
30.2
123.8
7 5. 0
16. 6
32.2
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
50. 7
13. 4
37. 3
51. 4
13. 3
38. 1
SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbinq, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
150.8
42.2
9. 0
27. 0
17. 7
12.2
9.8
148. 5
41. 9
9. 3
2 6. 9
17.2
11. 7
10. 0
15
152
153
154
GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidentiai building construction
16
161
162
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
MANUFACTURING
341
122. 6
7 3. 7
17. 0
31. 9
124.
7 5.
16.
31.
5, 958
6, 043
6, 088
6, 250
6, 333
2, 715
2, 840
2, 880
2, 937
24, 25,
32-39
DURABLE GOODS
2, 664
20-23,
26-31
NONDURABLE GOODS
3, 294
3, 328
3, 248
3, 370
3, 396
24
241
242
2421
243
244
245
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
99.2
4. 7
2 0. 5
14. 7
38. 7
7. 2
9. 6
18. 5
100. 6
4. 9
2 0. 6
14.6
39. 5
7. 1
9. 8
18.7
107. 1
5. 3
21. 7
15. 4
42. 5
7. 3
10. 2
20. 1
108. 6
5. 4
22. 2
15. 6
42. 6
7. 3
10. 4
20. 7
108.8
5. 2
22.4
15. 6
43. 2
7. 1
10. 4
2 0. 5
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
130. 0
99. 1
41.9
34. 5
8.2
9. 1
4. 6
8. 4
8. 8
134. 0
102. 6
43. 1
3 5.2
8.2
9.2
4. 7
8. 7
136.2
102. 1
43. 4
3 5. 3
8. 7
9.8
4.8
9. 5
10. 0
139. 9
105. 0
44. 0
37.4
8. 7
10. 1
4. 8
9. 9
10. 1
143.4
108. 3
44. 8
37. 9
8. 8
10. 3
4.8
10.2
9.8
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass contaniers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
12 6. 4
46. 9
28.4
18.5
10.9
1. 5
127. 5
47.6
28. 1
19. 5
10. 9
1.4
130.4
47. 5
28.3
19.2
11.4
1. 7
131. 8
48. 0
28.2
19.8
11. 6
1. 7
132.2
47. 3
27.4
19. 9
11. 9
1. 7
DURABLE GOODS
249
25
251
2511
2512
2515
252
253
254
259
32
322
3221
3229
323
324
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
61
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry — Continued
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code
325
326
327
329
33
331
3312
332
3321
3?22
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
34
341
3411
342
3423, 5
3429
343
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
349
3494
3496
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3533
354
3541
3544
3545
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
357
3573
Aug
1977
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS—Contir
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Sept.
1977
July
1978
Aug.
1978
Sept.
1978
6.5
16. 7
13. 2
27. 8
6.4
17. 3
13. 2
27.8
6. 2
16.7
14.5
29.4
6.4
17. 0
14. 6
29.5
6.4
17.6
14. 6
29. 8
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products . . . .
Blast furnaces and steel mills . . ,
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating .
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
110. 0
34. 8
26.9
15. 3
8. 5
1. 4
3. 6
4. 2
1.4
36. 3
3. 3
4. 0
ZZ. 5
14. 6
6. 8
112
34 9
27 0
17. 1
9.0
1. 5
3. 8
4. 5
1. 4
36. 8
3. 3
4. 1
22. 3
14. 7
6. 5
121. 0
39. 6
31. 3
18.4
9. 7
1. 6
4.4
4. 6
1. 7
38. 3
3.8
4. 3
ZZ. 2
15.2
7. 1
121. 6
39. 8
31. 5
17. 5
9. 3
1. 5
4. 3
4. 6
1. 7
39. 1
3.7
4.6
ZZ. 6
15. 5
7. 2
124. 1
39. 2
30. 8
19.4
10. 0
1. 6
4. 5
4. 5
1. 6
40. 0
3. 7
4. 6
23. 3
16. 1
7. 2
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades.
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products
317. 4
13.2
11. 7
58. 5
15. 7
36. 0
15.2
64. 5
6. 8
23. 2
13. 8
12.2
20. 6
10. 4
10. 2
54. 0
3.7
13.9
34. 1
22. 5
16.9
5. 6
15. 5
53. 4
20. 0
11. 4
322. 6
13. 1
11. 5
59. 8
16. 0
36.9
15. 3
65.9
7. 0
24. 2
13. 8
12.4
21. 0
10. 7
10. 3
55. 7
3. 7
15. 0
34. 7
23. 0
17. 3
5. 7
15. 5
53. 3
19. 5
11. 4
333. 1
13. 3
11. 7
61.5
16.8
37. 7
16. 1
68. 4
7. 0
23.2
15. 1
13. 7
22.2
11.4
10. 8
54.8
3. 8
14. 5
34. 3
23. 6
17. 1
6.5
16.2
57. 0
20. 7
12.4
337. 3
13. 3
11. 6
61.9
16. 8
38. 0
16. 7
69.2
7. 1
23. 3
15. 3
13. 9
22. 3
11. 5
10. 8
55.7
4. 2
14.3
35. 0
24.2
17. 7
6. 5
16. 3
57. 7
20. 8
12.9
343.4
13.2
11.5
62. 8
16.9
38.7
17. 4
69. 6
7.2
23. 4
15.2
14. 1
23. 1
12. 0
11. 1
57.9
4. 2
15.8
35.8
24. 2
17. 6
6. 6
16. 1
59. 1
21.2
13. 0
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Oil field machinery
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures. . . .
Machine tool accessories
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pump» and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
387. 9
19. 2
5.8
13.4
22. 0
18. 0
37. 5
13. 5
8. 2
46. 9
7. 3
12. 5
11. 5
27. 0
5.8
5. 9
5. 2
52. 6
10. 5
12. 7
104. 5
78. 6
391. 6
20. 2
5. 7
14. 5
21. 8
17. 9
37. 4
13. 4
8. 3
47. 5
7. 4
12. 7
11. 7
27. 2
5. 8
5.9
5. 3
52.8
10. 3
12. 7
105. 9
79. 8
433. 9
22. 2
6. 2
16. 0
22. 4
18. 0
41. 7
14. 7
9. 2
51.8
8. 3
14. 1
12.9
29.4
5.9
5. 7
6.9
56.9
10.7
13.4
125.4
96.9
434. 0
22.2
6.
16.
21.9
17. 6
41. 9
14. 6
9. 2
51. 8
8.4
14. 3
12.9
29. 8
6. 0
5.8
7. 0
57. 0
10. 8
13. 2
125. 9
97.4
441. 9
22.8
6.2
16. 6
23. 3
18.4
41. 9
14.4
9. 2
52. 5
8. 3
14. 5
13. 1
29.9
6.2
5.9
6.9
58.4
10. 9
13. 7
128. 6
99. 3
62
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Aug.
1977
Sept.
1977
July
1978
Aug.
1978
Sept.
1978
33. 5
22.3
44.7
35.8
33.4
21.9
45.4
36.5
37.2
24. 6
46.9
37. 7
36.5
23. 7
47. 0
37. 6
36.7
23. 6
47.8
37.5
775. 4
43. 1
19. 5
23.6
85.0
46.7
27.2
60.0
10.7
4.8
27.2
92.7
24. 1
40. 1
68. 1
53.2
164.9
68.4
96.5
210.8
15.4
71.8
83. 5
50.8
25.0
788.3
43.2
19.4
23.8
86.4
47. 5
27.6
62. 3
11.3
4. 5
28.4
93.9
24.4
40.3
71. 3
54.8
166.7
69.8
96. 9
212.4
15.6
72.4
84.8
52. 1
2 6. 0
810. 3
42. 5
19. 9
22.6
91. 9
50. 7
29.0
63. 0
13.8
5.4
25.9
96.2
2 3. 7
42.8
62. 0
47. 3
175. 0
71.8
103.2
226. 3
16. 7
78. 0
90. 6
53.4
27.0
823. I
42.9
19.9
23. 0
92.2
50.8
29. 3
62.2
11.9
4.9
27. 1
98.8
23.9
43.9
64.2
49.2
177.0
71.9
105. 1
231. 1
16. 5
79.4
93.4
54.7
27.6
836. 3
43.0
20.2
22.8
93.7
52. 0
29.4
62. 7
11.2
4.7
28. 5
101.6
24. 5
45. 3
67.2
50. 9
179. 3
72.7
106. 6
233.2
16. 6
80. 1
94. 5
55.6
28.2
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued
358
3585
359
3599
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Machinery, except electrical, nee
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3694
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Engine electrical equipment
37
371
3711
3713
3714
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
374
376
3761
379
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
256. 5
114.7
41.8
4.9
66. 3
81. 1
48. 3
17.5
15.3
22.9
15.2
5.0
15.2
12. 5
11.9
269.4
12 5.8
49.4
5.4
69. 3
82. 0
48.5
18.0
15. 5
22. 7
14.9
5.0
15. 1
12.4
12.9
286. 9
129. 5
50. 5
5. 4
71. 7
93.6
56. 3
20.2
17. 1
21. 5
14. 1
5. 1
16. 1
12.9
15.3
285.0
125.8
46.7
5. 7
71. 3
94. 7
57. 6
19. 9
17.2
'21. 7
14.2
5. 1
16.3
13.0
15.6
299.8
138.2
55.2
5.8
75. 1
96.9
58.7
20.6
17.6
22.3
14.6
5. 1
16.2
12.9
15. 7
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
255. 0
17.8
82.8
23.7
14. 4
31.9
8.7
68.8
29. 1
31.6
2 3.0
35. 3
18.6
2 57. 5
18. 1
84.2
24.0
14.8
32. 1
8.9
69. 0
29.6
31.8
22.9
35. 1
19.3
276.3
19.8
92.5
24.8
15.8
38. 1
9. 5
75. 1
32. 5
34. 0
23. 1
37. 7
18. 6
280. 5
20. 8
93. 0
23.7
15.7
39. 5
9. 7
77. 0
33.4
34.7
23.4
37. 7
18. 9
282. 5
21. 1
93.7
24. 3
15.8
39.2
9.8
77. 7
33. 5
35.2
23.8
37.2
19.2
391
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
399
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Miscellaneous manufactures
206. 1
2 6. 5
10.4
68. 3
37. 5
30.8
18.4
34.6
47.9
210. 5
27.2
11. 1
69. 9
38.3
31.6
18.5
3 5. 1
48.7
204. 7
26. 6
11. 5
62. 3
32. 1
30.2
18. 6
34. 3
51.4
217.9
30. 0
12. 0
64.6
35. 5
29. 1
18. 9
39. 7
52. 7
224.9
30.2
12. 3
68.2
38.4
29.8
18.9
42. 1
53.2
63
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Sept.
1977
July
1978
Aug.
1978
Sept.
1978
527. 7
106. 1
26. 2
19. 8
53. 4
37. 9
2 0. 1
148. 2
9. 7
83. 1
20. 5
27. 6
62. 3
42. 3
2 0. 0
36. 2
4. 9
35. 1
5. 7
15. 5
69. 4
541. 6
107. 3
489. 7
110. 5
52 6. 7
111. 1
26. 3
2 0. 5
53. 7
37. 9
2 0. 1
155. 0
10. 0
86. 7
22. 9
28. 2
63. 3
42. 9
20. 4
39. 2
4. 9
35. 4
5. 5
15. 5
70. 4
27. 4
2 0. 4
55. 7
39. 8
2 0. 5
98. 9
8. 9
38. 5
17. 3
28. 4
60. 8
42. 0
18. 8
35. 4
5. 1
5. 8
16. 8
74. 9
5
4
3
7
2 0. 5
130. 2
9. 8
67. 4
17. 5
2 9. 0
60. 8
41. 8
19. 0
37. 7
5. 1
36. 2
5. 8
17. 0
76. 9
536. 9
111. 5
27. 6
20. 5
56. 3
39. 1
2 0. 0
138. 8
10. 7
70. 3
21. 1
28. 8
61. 5
42. 0
19. 5
41. 8
4. 8
35. 5
5.8
16. 8
75. 1
28. 5
15. 4
30. 0
15. 6
23. 3
15. 4
27. 1
15. 1
2 9. 2
15. 0
421. 2
430. 9
63.
58.
7.
14.
7
3
7
65.
48.
7.
15.
54.
27.
14.
23.
10.
6.
24.
63.
40.
11.
8
6
1
1
0
4
8
1
4
432. 9
65. 1
48. 9
8. 0
15. 4
159. 6
23. 3
2 6. 0
56. 9
28. 1
14. 9
2 3. 6
10. 2
6. 5
2 5. 5
65. 6
41. 3
12. 4
21. 2
Aug.
1977
NONDURABLE GOODS
209
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Fluid milk
.-.Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products
21
211
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes
22
221
222
223
224
225
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetic
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
428. 8
67. 7
50. 6
7. 8
14. 7
153. 0
2 1. 4
2 5. 1
55. 7
24. 8
15. 3
24. 2
9. 9
6. 6
24. 1
65. 6
40. 2
12. 9
21. 1
430. 0
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
064. 9
70. 1
318. 6
94. 6
72. 7
82. 3
362. 3
49. 8
140.,8
55., 9
115.8
8 3., 1
66., 6
16., 5
57., 3
22., 2
47., 5
113.,2
,
2 3. 5
30., 4
16., 3
,
1, 075. 7
70., 1
319.. 8
93, , 7
72., 7
8 3 .. 6
363., 1
49.. 5
140.. 3
56.. 3
117.. 0
8 3..9
67.. 0
16.. 9
58,. 5
2 3.. 5
154.. 5
2 5. 7
,
154,. 6
2 5.4
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
205
2051
2052
206
207
208
2082
2086
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
26
261,2,6
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
64
1
5
7
8
153. 2
21. 5
2 5. 1
56. 1
24. 7
15. 2
24. 4
9. 9
6. 8
2 4 ., 4
65. 5
4 0 ., 4
12., 0
2 1 ., 4
68.
50.
7.
14.
48, . 8
118.. 7
24,. 3
32,. 6
18 . 2
3 5. 9
27.
20.
56.
39.
9
2 0. 7
0
1
8
2
160. 1
22. 9
26. 3
57. 7
27. 8
14. 8
23. 2
10. 2
6. 1
2 5. 4
64. 9
40. 8
12. 2
21. 2
1, 020. 0
1, 067. 9
9
154. 9
21. 9
2 5. 9
67. 0
69. 8
296. 1
311. 8
88. 1
67. 8
70. 9
346. 4
48. 9
130. 7
51. 4
115.. 4
78. 2
62. 7
15. 5
58., 5
2 2 .. 8
4 5 . ,2
115,, 4
2 1 .,8
3 1 ., 5
16., 0
92. 5
69. 7
78. 0
362. 5
50. 8
137. 4
55. 4
158., 7
160., 6
2 6 ., 3
2 7 ,, 4
118. 9
81.
65.
15.
58.
21.
48.
1
5
6
9
9
0
123. 1
24. 7
3 3 ., 3
17.,7
1, 076. 6
69. 2
312. 6
92. 4
69. 6
79. 1
366. 0
52. 1
138. 9
55. 7
119. 3
82. 2
66. 4
15. 8
58. 9
22. 5
48. 3
126. 2
24.7
33. 5
19. 4
160. 5
2 5. 6
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry — Continued
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code
262
263
264
265
27
271
272
273
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2844
285
286
2861,9
287
289
Aug.
1977
Industry
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Continued
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc converted paper products
Paperboard containers and boxes
Sept.
1977
July
1978
Aug.
1978
Sept.
1978
2 3. 2
5. 3
72. 5
51. 0
22.9
5.2
72. 7
51. 3
2 4. 8
6. 1
74. 3
50. 9
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
427. 0
134. 0
43.2
51.8
2 5. 3
108. 0
50.4
52. 5
13. 0
30.4
7.6
429.8
134. 6
43.7
51. 1
2 5. 5
110. 0
51.4
53. 5
13. 3
30. 3
7.6
451. 3
143. 6
47. 3
54. 2
24.4
113. 5
52. 1
56. 6
13.8
32.2
8.2
455. 4
144. 6
47. 9
53. 4
2 5. 1
115. 6
53. 3
57. 5
13. 9
32. 5
8.2
454. 2
141. 9
47.9
52. 1
25. 7
118.2
54. 7
58.6
14.2
32. 3
8.2
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Gum, wood, and industrial organic
chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
248. 5
2 1. 1
14. 5
43.8
9. 5
26.4
72.4
61.9
50.8
8.8
30.6
11. 2
23. 3
248.6
2 0. 9
14. 4
42. 9
9. 3
2 5.9
72.2
61. 7
52.4
8.7
32.2
11. 3
2 3. 2
2 59. 4
22. 7
15. 7
44. 5
10.4
2 5. 9
73.9
62. 9
54. 4
9. 1
33. 2
12. 3
24. 1
260.8
22. 8
15. 7
44.8
10. 4
2 6. 0
73. 9
62. 9
56. 0
9. 3
34. 5
12. 6
23.8
260. 9
2 2. 6
15. 5
44. 3
10. 3
25. 7
7 3. 5
62.4
57. 2
9. 5
35. 3
12. 6
2 3. 5
19. 0
8. 7
17.2
18.7
8.6
17. 1
19. 7
9. 3
18.2
19. 3
9.0
17. 9
19. 0
9. 3
17. 9
24. 4
19.6
23. 9
19. 1
2 5. 5
20. 5
2 5. 3
2 0. 3
2 5. 0
20. 0
,
23.
6.
76.
52.
7
0
0
3
2 3. 0
5. 9
76. 0
53. 0
29
291
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
30
301
302
303,4
236. 5
12. 6
13. 0
243. 3
12. 5
14. 0
253. 7
11. 9
11.8
260. 1
12. 1
13. 5
2 65. 7
12. 2
13. 3
306
307
RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
6. 0
38. 6
166.3
6. 1
38.5
172.2
5.9
38. 3
185.8
5. 9
39. 0
189. 6
6. 0
39. 1
195. 1
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage .
Handbags and personal leather goods
152. 7
3. 0
102.4
39.4
42. 9
9.2
24. 3
150. 3
3. 1
100.6
39. 3
41. 1
9.2
23.8
144. 7
3. 0
99.4
37. 3
41. 7
8.8
2 0. 5
155. 1
3. 2
106. 0
39. 7
44. 4
9.9
22. 1
1 54. 1
3. 1
104. 6
40. 0
43. 6
10, 0
22. 2
1, 043
1, 060
1, 111
1, 118
1, 137
50. 3
7. 7
6.9
5. 0
28. 5
3 3. 2
9. 3
7. 1
4. 9
9. 7
33.4
9. 3
7. 1
4. 9
9. 9
53. 6
9. 6
7. 3
4.8
29. 4
128. 6
115.2
13.4
130. 1
115.2
14.9
137. 7
123. 3
14. 4
139.4
124. 2
15.2
139. 3
123.8
15. 5
17. 6
17.2
18. 1
18.2
18. 0
Petroleum refining
TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES
411
412
413
415
LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses
,
42
421,3
422
TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
WATER TRANSPORTATION
3 1. 0
7. 5
6.6
5.2
9. 9
65
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry — Continued
1972
SIC
Code
45
451,2
Aug.
1977
TRANSPORTATION BY AIR
Air transportation
Sept.
1977
115. 9
109. 6
113. 1
106.9
July
1978
Aug.
1978
Sept.
1978
123. 5
116. 3
122. 1
114. 8
1.9
122. 0
115. 0
2. 0
2. 1
67. 7
68. 1
74. 5
76. 0
75.9
COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
534. 0
472. 2
47. 5
567. 9
500. 8
52. 3
572.4
504. 7
52. 8
572. 7
505. 0
52. 8
ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
126.6
56. 2
31. 7
30. 5
3.8
535. 5
473. 6
48. 0
124. 6
55. 7
30. 8
29. 9
3. 8
134.
59.
33.
31.
4.
134.
59.
33.
31.
4.
132.
59.
33.
30.
4.
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
7, 757
7, 871
8, 184
8, 239
8, 348
WHOLESALE TRADE
1, 151
1, 159
1, 211
1, 216
1, 227
46
PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS
47
TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
48
481
483
49
491
492
493
495
50,51
8
9
7
8
5
8
9
7
7
6
2. 0
8
6
0
9
5
50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS . . . .
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment . . .
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment .
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
616
82. 8
32.2
26. 2
20.9
23. 4
97.6
57. 1
230. 0
45. 8
618
82.2
32.4
26.3
21. 3
23.2
99.1
57.4
229. 7
46. 1
662
88.4
34. 3
28. 1
22. 1
24.9
107. 7
62.2
248. 1
45. 9
667
88. 5
34. 6
28.8
21. 3
25.2
109.8
62.9
249. 6
46. 0
669
89. 5
34. 8
28. 8
21. 3
25.5
110. 9
63. 2
248. 5
46.8
51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519
WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
535
36.8
54. 8
73. 6
145. 2
27. 1
44. 5
18. 5
98. 7
541
37. 7
55.8
74. 0
147. 9
26.8
44. 3
18. 5
99. 3
549
38. 1
57. 3
75. 1
146. 6
29. 5
47. 1
19. 4
102. 5
549
38. 0
57.5
77. 3
142. 1
29.2
47. 7
19. 6
103. 0
558
38.4
58.9
77. 6
143. 5
29. 3
47. 4
19.6
102. 6
6, 606
6, 712
6, 973
7, 023
7, 121
137. 8
52. 7
46. 4
137.9
54. 4
46. 1
141. 3
57.9
48. 7
142. 9
59. 0
48. 7
143. 5
58. 6
48. 8
1, 5 3 0 . 8
1, 212. 5
222. 7
95. 6
1, 565. 9
1, 240.4
230. 3
95. 2
RETAIL TRADE .
BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN
521
525
SUPPLIES
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores
53
531
533
539
GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES . .
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
54
541
542
546
FOOD STORES
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners . .
Retail bakeries
845.
704.
14.
69.
1
1
1
8
864.4
717.9
14. 1
74.2
887.
748.
13.
68.
9
3
2
0
892. 0
754. 4
13. 5
67. 3
902. 9
759. 3
13.4
70. 9
55
AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE
STATIONS
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
278. 1
110.7
40. 0
113. 6
277. 5
111.4
39.2
113. 1
301. 5
120-. 1
45.2
121. 5
301.5
120. 7
44.7
122. 2
302. 2
120.9
45. 3
122. 0
APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES . . .
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
562. 5
56.4
267. 7
112. 5
61.9
575. 1
56. 1
275. 3
113. 1
64.3
576.
58.
274.
113.
66.
582.2
59. 0
275.2
116.9
66.5
593. 9
58. 0
284. 2
117. 0
69.2
551,2
553
554
56
561
562
565
66
1, 452. 3
1, 146. 0
216. 6
89. 7
1, 485. 7
1, 178.4
218. 2
89. 1
1, 528. 1
1, 213. 2
220. 4
94. 5
9
6
1
6
0
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code
57
Aug.
1977
571
572
573
FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHING
STORES Furniture and home furnishings
Household appliance stores
Radio television and music stores
58
59
591
592
594
596
598
599
60
602
BANKING
Commercial and stock savings banks
61
612
CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS
Savings and loan associations
62
621
SECURITY, COMMODITY BROKERS.
AND SERVICES
Security brokers and dealers
63
631
632
633
64
.
.
...
17 5. 7
119.2
22.6
33. 9
181.8
123. 1
23. 6
35. 1
181. 7
122.9
2 3. 1
35. 7
184. 2
124. 0
23.9
36. 3
2, 326. 0
2, 4 6 1 . 9
2, 487. 3
2, 500. 1
869.4
275. 5
22. 1
284. 4
144. 8
2 1. 0
103. 0
893.9
291. 7
2 5. 2
282.4
150. 3
21. 0
103. 7
904. 3
295. 3
2 5.9
286. 5
152.4
2 0.8
103. 3
928. 6
298.8
26. 6
298. 3
156. 5
21.2
105. 7
2, 538
2, 713
2, 731
2, 723
933. 9
858. 1
930. 3
8 55. 4
991.2
911.7
996.8
917.4
993. 4
914. 4
300. 6
143. 1
105 0
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
Sept.
1978
860. 5
274. 3
22.4
282. 0
142. 5
2 1. 1
99. 8
....
Aug.
1978
2, 538
MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
July
1978
2, 296. 4
EATING AND DRINKING PLACES
..
Sept.
1977
173. 0
118. 2
22. 2
32.6
Industry
301. 4
143. 5
1 05. 5
323. 5
156. 9
111.8
32 5. 5
157.6
112. 8
326. 1
157. 7
113. 3
68. 0
54. 7
67. 7
54. 3
72. 6
58. 3
73. 4
59. 1
73. 5
59. 1
INSURANCE CARRIERS
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
664. 4
267. 6
96.0
2 56. 7
663.8
266. 2
95. 9
2 57. 9
711. 3
273.7
100. 7
286. 7
713. 1
273. 5
100.8
289. 0
711. 9
2 71. 5
100. 8
290. 3
INSURANCE AGENTS, BROKERS,
AND SERVICE
2 2 5. 5
22 5. 8
240. 6
242. 3
242.2
65
651
653
655
REAL ESTATE
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers .
Subdividers and developers
281.
120.
118.
27.
6
0
3
3
285. 1
12 3.8
117.9
27. 5
310.
134.
130.
28.
3
7
0
3
311. 1
134. 3
131. 0
28.4
307. 9
133.2
129. 1
28. 4
66
COMBINED REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE, ETC
16. 8
16. 8
19. 0
19.1
18. 9
67
HOLDING AND OTHER INVESTMENT OFFICES
46. 7
46. 8
49. 4
50, 0
49. 3
9, 297
9, 324
9, 342
8, 788
8, 884
70
701
HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts
569.2
528.4
531. 0
508. 2
584. 0
545. 1
588. 3
546. 1
542. 6
521. 7
72
721
723
726
PERSONAL SERVICES
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
581.
221.
242.
17.
1
0
4
3
588. 1
221. 1
246. 2
17. 3
591. 7
220. 7
245. 5
18.2
58 9. 5
218.4
246. 5
18. 3
599.4
220. 1
2 50. 0
18.2
73
731
732
733
734
736
737
BUSINESS SERVICES
Advertising
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Computer and data processing services
973.8
57.2
61.4
42. 7
14 5. 3
217. 3
87. 1
98 9. 5
57. 5
61.9
4 5. 0
146. 0
2 2 3. 6
88.4
1, 071. 0
65.3
64.9
46. 9
161. 0
2 30.8
99. 2
1, 08 7. 5
65. 5
64. 9
47.8
164. 0
236.8
99. 2
75
753
AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES. AND GARAGES
Automotiv6 r6pair shops
76. 8
36. 5
77. 7
3 5. 9
84.4
38. 1
84.7
38. 0
8 5.8
38. 8
76
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES
43. 0
43. 5
45.8
46. 0
46.8
SERVICES
.
.. •
1, 099.
t>5.
65.
50.
163.
242.
100.
3
9
2
1
7
3
4
67
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code
78
781
783
Aug.
1977
MOTION PICTURES
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES
801
802
805
806
HEALTH SERVICES
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
88. 4
27.2
55. 5
293.7
3, 739. 1
514.8
245.2
769. 3
1. 990. 6
Sept.
1977
84. 3
2 5.4
53. 3
282. 2
3, 743. 3
513. 7
245. 9
770. 0
1, 992. 6
July
1978
87. 0
23. 3
58.4
309. 5
3,889-2
538.8
246.3
810. 0
2, 059. 5
Aug.
1978
88.9
24.4
59. 0
309.8
3, 896.9
540.6
245. 1
816.9
2, 059. 9
Sept.
1978
84.8
24. 3
55. 0
285. 3
3, 900. 8
538. 5
247. 3
816. 1
2, 063. 1
LEGAL SERVICES
282. 3
306.2
307.2
302. 9
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
390. 7
83. 1
2 56. 3
495.8
132. 9
309. 0
429.6
122. 0
2 54. 0
423.8
120.2
250. 0
495.8
142. 1
298. 1
SOCIAL SERVICES
620.7
626.6
704.2
706.2
703. 0
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
82
821
822
284. 7
231.4
80. 6
102.8
232. 1
80. 6
257. 6
91. 5
113.2
259. 5
104. 3
92. 1
113. 9
2 56.7
90.4
114. 5
6, 252
6, 776
6, 534
6, 385
6, 949
897
6, 084
GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
State government
Hospitals
State education
General administration including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Local education
General administration including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
68
871
841
5, 381
5, 935
5, 637
5,499
1, 410. 0
1, 473. 6
319. 5
574.2
1, 416.9
312.7
48 5. 7
1, 401. 6
1,469.8
310. 8
570.8
395.4
421. 5
4, 220.4
76.8
414. 6
77. 1
396. 7
2, 426.2
400. 3
4, 614. 0
77.9
396.4
3, 052. 1
994.3
896. 0
318. 7
505. 6
396. 5
3,. 970. 6
65.3
380. 1
2, 403. 7
924.2
4, 461. 0
66. 1
380, 7
2, 996. 1
825. 9
397.8
2, 537.0
1, 004. 1
865
311. 0
479.8
4, 097.8
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1978
1977
Industry division and group
Nov.
TOTAL
Dec.
83, 549
24, 617
GOODS-PRODUCING
83, 719
24, 626
840
MINING
3, 928
CONSTRUCTION
687
3, 955
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.?
Nov. P
83, 871 84, 188
84, 726 85, 418
85, 618
85, 996 86, 033
86, 149 86, 163
86, 567 87, 034
24, 648 24, 724
24, 927 25, 313
25, 341
25, 473 25, 501
25, 463 25, 471
25, 664 25, 878
678
3, 905
684
3, 901
698
3, 999
867
869
4, 164
4, 175
879
4, 278
882
4, 317
887
4. 298
887
4, 298
894
4, 338
904
4, 380
19, 849
19, 984
20, 065 20, 139
20, 230 20, 282
20, 297
20, 316 20, 302
20, 278 20, 286
20, 432 20, 594
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furn ture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries .
Fabr cated metal products
Machinery, except electrical •
Electric and electronic equipment
TransDortation eauiDment
Instr
Mis« llaneous manufacturing ind
11, 746
745
475
680
1, 180
1, 608
2, 232
1, 903
1, 860
11, 851
756
481
685
1, 180
1, 617
2,251
1, 912
1, 895
11, 917 11, 986
756
754
487
484
691
689
1, 193
1, 186
1, 638
1, 625
2, 259 2, 271
1, 935
1, 923
1, 928
1, 917
12, 041 12, 076
752
751
491
491
692
699
1, 189
1, 192
1, 639
1, 646
2, 289 2, 309
1, 951 1, 951
1, 944
1, 936
12, 093
745
489
700
1, 197
1, 652
2, 311
1, 952
1, 942
12, 109 12, 138
743
747
485
486
698
701
1, 199
1, 197
1, 643
1, 645
2, 345
2, 332
1, 977
1, 962
1, 93 7
1, 929
12, 146 12, 166
743
744
481
480
692
692
1, 205
1, 214
1, 646
1, 650
2, 351 2, 358
1, 975
1, 972
1, 941 1, 943
12, 302 12, 398
759
748
486
484
704
699
1, 240
1, 220
1, 681
1, 666
2, 389 2, 399
1, 998
1, 986
1, 992 2, 006
663
669
455
456
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Toba ceo manufactures
Text le mill products
Appa rel and other textile products
Pape and allied products
Print ng and publishing
Cherrlicals and allied products
Petro leum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastic products
Leatr er and leather products
MANUFACTURING
....
SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . .
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
628
446
632
448
8, 103
1, 693
71
918
1, 318
693
1, 152
1, 073
205
726
254
8, 133
1, 700
74
917
1, 320
697
1, 156
1, 076
206
734
253
8. 148
1, 706
74
917
1, 318
699
1, 159
1, 079
207
737
252
58, 932
59, 093
4, 736
4, 749
18, 830
18,911
4, 761
4, 783
14, 069
14, 128
623
440
635
452
8. 153
1, 705
74
917
1, 315
699
1, 163
1, 081
208
738
253
59, 223 59, 464
4, 758
4, 782
18, 991 19, 071
4, 802
4, 82 8
14, 189 14, 243
639
455
644
457
649
456
8, 206
1, 715
74
911
1, 330
706
1, 174
1, 085
210
748
253
8, 2 04
1, 701
75
913
1, 326
59, 799 60, 105
60, 277
4, 847
4, 847
19, 169 19, 252
19, 335
8, 189
1, 718
76
916
1, 319
703
1, 171
1, 081
209
744
252
4, 817
709
1, 180
1, 093
207
747
253
4, 872
4, 885
14, 315 14, 380
14, 450
4, 854
4, 605
654
456
8, 207
1, 702
76
908
1, 325
709
1, 186
1, 091
209
749
252
660
451
8, 164
1, 688
73
909
1, 307
710
1, 187
1. 091
207
749
243
60, 523 60, 532
4, 881
4, 827
19, 412 19, 469
4, 905
4, 901
14, 507 14, 568
4, 690
661
451
662
451
8, 132
1, 670
69
903
1, 309
698
1, 188
1, 089
209
746
251
8, 120
1, 665
70
907
1, 309
697
1, 178
1, 088
209
744
253
60, 686 60, 692
4, 846
4, 855
19, 523 19, 546
4, 905
4, 917
14, 618 14, 629
4, 707
8, 130
1, 667
71
908
1, 308
693
1, 181
1, 089
210
752
251
8, 196
1, 690
71
910
1, 312
702
1, 199
1, 094
211
760
247
60, 903 61, 156
4, 920
4, 946
19, 640 19, 705
4, 946
4, 978
14, 694 14, 727
4, 737
4, 759
4, 535
4, 547
4, 623
4, 637
SERVICES
15, 568
15, 6 1 8
15, 597 15, 670
15, 773 15, 866
15, 896
15, 963 15, 989
16, 074 16, 127
16, 149 16, 245
GOVERNMENT
15, 263
15, 268
15, 314 15, 350
15, 435 15, 517
15, 562
15, 597 15, 557
15, 536 15, 445
15, 457 15, 501
2, 727
12, 536
12, 545
FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL
2, 723
4, 563
2, 736
4, 591
2, 736
12, 578 12, 614
2, 745
2, 753
12, 696 12, 772
12, 809
2, 739
4, 670
2, 772
2, 765
12, 825 12, 792
2, 765
4, 719
2, 752
12, 771 12, 693
2, 767
2, 767
12, 690 12, 734
69
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
1977
1978
Industry division and group
Sept.
33, 558
TOTAL
Oct.
Nov.
33, 658 33, 842
Dec.
Jan.
34, 013 34, 167
Feb.
34, 313
Mar.
Apr.
34, 531 34, 755
35, 256
6, 592
6. 584
6, 587
6, 594
73
75
77
77
78
328
329
334
337
338
337
6, 116
6, 144
6, 166
6, 183
6, 170
6, 172
6, 179
2, 84 8
106
142
130
117
339
429
815
2 84
273
213
2, 862
107
141
129
120
339
433
818
285
277
213
2, 870
106
142
2, 875
106
141
130
122
337
437
823
286
281
212
2. 887
106
141
130
124
338
441
82 1
3, 3 18
'480
28
430
1, 076
161
451
256
25
258
153
3 321
'485
27
429
1, 0 74
160
452
256
25
260
153
3, 300
482
27
430
3, 297
3, 2 92
467
25
42 9
1, 064
158
455
2 57
25
28, 353 2 8, 485
28, 515
28, 58 3
6, 388
6, 432
6, 458
6, 510
6, 545
67
68
66
68
68
68
73
320
326
309
311
313
316
5, 922
5, 965
6, 006
6, 044
6, 070
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furnitures and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries '
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind
2, 669
98
132
125
113
318
390
774
262
257
200
2, 692
100
134
125
113
321
397
7 82
262
257
201
2, 716
102
135
127
113
323
402
789
264
257
204
2, 746
103
137
127
113
327
407
795
269
261
207
2, 773
104
139
129
114
329
412
800
274
264
208
2, 794
105
140
130
114
332
414
807
276
266
210
2, 819
105
141
130
115
334
419
813
281
268
213
2, 831
105
141
130
115
336
426
813
2 80
271
214
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3, 223
471
26
426
1, 063
3, 230
466
26
428
1, 062
3, 249
474
26
430
1, 065
3, 260
478
28
428
1, 067
3, 271
482
27
430
1, 066
3 276
482
27
430
1, 065
3, 297
'484
28
431
3, 313
*4 85
27
1, 069
429
1, 078
152
430
245
24
236
150
153
432
245
24
240
154
153
434
246
24
244
153
154
434
247
24
248
152
155
438
248
24
249
152
156
440
249
24
251
152
157
446
252
24
254
152
159
447
253
25
257
153
27, 625 27, 735
27, 855
....
SERVICE-PRODUCING
27, 290
27, 35 8 27, 496
Sept.
6, 568
6, 346
5, 892
MANUFACTURING
Aug.
35, 170
320
CONSTRUCTION
July
35, 099
6, 300
67
MINING
June
34, 921 35, 077
6, 268
GOODS-PRODUCING
May
2 8, 021 2 8, 210
v
129
c121
C
336
437
823
286
279
211
1, 059
159
452
2 58
25
260
148
469
24
428
1, 064
159
456
2 57
25
2 62
153
291
282
213
2 58
154
28, 662
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
1, 055
1, 059
1, 064
1. 071
1, 075
1, 086
1, 094
1, 104
1, 102
1, 115
1, 117
1, 127
1, 131
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . .
7, 846
7, 856
7, 903
7, 947
8, 006
8, 050
8, 098
8, 13 8
8, 188
8,225
8, 258
8, 303
8, 322
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
1, 154
6, 692
1, 155
6, 701
1, 162
6, 741
1, 170
6, 777
1, 176
6, 830
1, 184
6, 866
1, 196
6, 902
1, 207
6, 931
1, 210
1, 217
7, 008
1, 215
6, 978
7, 043
1, 216
7, 087
1, 222
7, 100
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
2, 536
2, 556
2, 576
2, 589
2, 602
2, 618
2, 631
2, 646
2, 658
2, 679
2, 696
2, 709
2, 720
SERVICES
8, 875
8, 897
8, 938
8, 986
9. 003
9, 035
9, 109
9. 144
9, 176
9, 220
9, 260
9, 315
9, 33 3
GOVERNMENT
6, 978
6, 990
7,015
7, 032
7, 049
7, 066
7, 089
7. 178
7, 229
7, 246
7, 184
7, 129
7, 156
853
856
856
847
855
856
858
863
882
874
6, 125
6, 134
6, 159
6, 185
6, 194
6, 210
6, 231
6, 315
6, 347
6, 3 72
879
6, 305
880
6, 249
877
6,279
FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL
The unadjusted data are shown because the seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle
and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
70
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]
1978
1977
Industry division and group
Nov.
TOTAL PRIVATE
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
Dec.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.p
Nov.
P
56,
114 56, 348
56, 744
57, 263 57, 428
57, 653 57, 704
57, 771
57, 861 58,
125
58, 542
17, 985 17, 976
17, 954 18, 016
18, 198
18, 541 18, 565
18, 660 18, 675
18, 619
18, 629 18, 795
18, 999
3, 099
14, 263 14, 375
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
5, 834
1, 142
57
800
1, 130
519
651
614
134
569
218
5, 860
1, 151
59
798
1, 131
523
653
617
135
575
218
1,
1,
1,
1,
37, 984 38
4, 015
549
922
228477
258
312
384
342
119
4, 024
494
493
502
639
3, 083
8, 515
646
397
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
Feb.
55, 969 56, 095
8, 429
639
391
544
921
1, 221
1, 462
1, 252
1, 284
380
335
SERVICE-PRODUCING
Jan.
509
655
3, 288
659
3, 023
3, 122
14, 440 14, 499
14, 567
8, 569
8, 620
650
650
399
553
929
234
483
267
326
386
342
401
551
937
247
493
276
332
388
345
8, 661
647
405
552
933
1, 247
1, 507
1, 288
1, 342
391
349
8, 676
646
405
558
934
1, 251
1, 517
1, 284
1, 337
394
350
8, 685
639
404
557
939
1, 257
1, 516
1, 283
1, 344
397
349
5, 879
1, 158
59
798
1, 131
525
658
620
136
578
216
5, 906
1, 168
60
798
1, 134
527
663
620
137
583
216
5, 922
1, 167
59
794
1, 144
530
664
624
137
586
217
5, 918
1, 154
60
795
1, 140
535
668
628
135
586
217
160 38, 332
38, 546
4, 044
4, 067
3, 021
1,
1,
1,
1,
5, 871
1, 156
59
799
1, 132
523
656
618
136
576
216
38
4, 028
1,
1,
1,
1,
3, 303
14, 598 14, 603
38 722 38 863
4, 094
4, 086
668
667
663
3, 401
3, 439
3, 419
14, 596 14, 569
14, 532
8, 683
641
400
558
939
1, 250
1, 533
1, 284
1, 327
402
349
8, 694
8, 693
636
394
5, 913
1, 152
61
792
1, 137
535
668
628
136
587
217
5, 875
1, 142
58
791
1, 121
535
669
628
135
587
209
637
1,
1,
1,
1,
398
554
942
245
547
293
328
407
343
38 993 39 035
4, 109
1,
1,
1,
1,
549
947
245
544
293
336
405
344
5, 839
1, 124
54
785
1, 127
523
667
623
136
584
216
39
152
4, 051
4, 066
684
676
671
3, 462
3, 494
14, 536 14, 657
14, 82 1
8, 706
8, 818
8, 916
636
395
548
953
248
550
290
337
406
343
641
648
400
560
981
278
579
312
395
415
348
3, 422
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
398
554
960
264
577
300
372
406
346
1,
1,
1,
1,
5, 839
1, 122
57
791
1, 124
521
660
623
137
589
2 15
5, 905
1, 145
57
794
1, 12?
531
675
626
139
599
210
39 232 39 330
39 543
4, 127
4, 151
5, 830
1, 122
56
790
1, 124
522
657
624
137
581
217
4, 064
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . .
16, 607 16, 676
16, 737 16, 812
16, 894
16, 952 17, 079
17, 106 17, 165
17, 214
17, 228 17, 287
17, 367
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
3, 925 3, 943
12 682 12 733
3, 958 3, 982
12 779 12 830
4, 007
12 887
4, 020 4, 026
12 932 13 053
4, 043 4, 040
13 063 13 125
4, 042
13 172
4, 053 4, 069
13 175 13 218
4, 103
13 2 64
3, 603
3, 628
14, 349 14, 313
14, 397
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
1
3, 445
13, 917
3, 453
13, 966
3, 494
3, 500
13, 923 13, 982
14, 085
3, 472
3, 516
3, 523
14, 160 14, 175
3, 565
3, 579
14, 232 14, 254
14, 293
3, 546
3, 591
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
71
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased
Year and month
Over 1 -month span
Over 3-month span
Over 6-month span
Over 12-month span
1975
January
February
March
18.0
21.2
26. 5
13. 1
12.8
20. 1
11.9
12.8
18. 6
15 . 7
16 .9
18 . 3
April
May
June
41.0
51.5
43.0
36. 6
43.0
53.2
29. 4
48. 3
57.3
20 .9
27 .0
41 .0
July
Augus t
Sep tember
56. 1
73.3
67. 4
61. 6
73. 5
77. 3
67.2
69. 2
75. 9
54. 1
64. 5
74. 1
Oc tober
November
December
68. 3
60. 5
71 . 5
70. 6
74. 4
78. 2
80. 5
84.0
83.7
79.
82.
86.3
Janua ry
February
March
78. 2
72. 4
69.5
85. 8
84. 9
81.4
87. 2
85. 8
82.0
85. 2
84. 0
85. 2
Ap r i 1
May
Jun e
70. 1
58. 1
57.8
72. 4
67. 2
65. 1
75.
68.
71 . 2
78.8
82.6
79.9
July
Augus t
Sep tember
58. 4
49. 1
64.8
57. 8
64.0
53.8
63. 1
65. 1
66.3
78. 5
77.6
8 0.2
October
November
December
47. 1
67. 4
66. 6
65.
64.
81.4
73. 3
78. 8
81.4
80.8
80. 8
82. 6
January
February
March
76. 2
66. 0
74. 7
83. 1
86. 3
81 . 1
88. 1
87. 8
85. 2
78.8
80.5
80. 2
Ap r i 1
May
June
68. 0
64. 8
71 . 2
79. 4
76. 2
68.0
79.4
75. 9
72.1
84. 6
84. 0
83. 1
July
August
Sep tember
59. 3
5 1.7
60. 8
63.
58.
62.
69. 8
74. 1
72. 1
82. 6
83. 7
82. 6
October
November
December
60. 5
73. 8
72. 1
73. 8
75.3
79. 7
77. 9
82.0
83. 1
81 . 1
81 . 1
80 . 8
January
February
March
69. 8
70.3
70. 1
80. 2
80. 2
75.9
85. 5
79. 9
77.9
80 . 5
79 . 1
77 .6
April
May
June
62. 8
56.4
67. 2
67.
63.
62.
68.
67.
59.
77 .6 P
79 .4p
July
Augus t
Sep tember
54.9
51.7
57.6
57. 0
49. 7
58. 7p
59. 9p
70. 9p
Oc tober
November
December
7 0 . 3p
7 9 . 9p
76. 5p
1976
1977
1978
1
Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries,
p = preliminary.
72
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE A N D AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricuttural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division
(In thousands)
Constructio
Mining
Total
Manufacturing
i
Stats and area
SEPT
1978
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
1977
SEPT, OCT.
1978 1978P
1,277.9 1 # 2 9 8 . 9 1,302.3
345.4
343.7
333.0
113.5
113.3
111.2
141.9
143.1
140.7
98.8
98.6
97.1
48.1
48.0
49.8
14.2
8.5
(1)
16,2
(D
(D
(1)
.9
(1)
1.0
OCT.
1977
1 ALABAMA
OCT.
1977
SEPT, OCT.
1978 1978P
OCT.
1977
SEPT
1978
OCT.
1978P
80.3
23.8
358.5
67.8
33.8
29.6
15.5
78.4
16.3
9 . 5 - 22.4
4.4
(1)
11.0
(D
6.6
(1)
1.0
3.6
81.1
24.1
4.2
4.2
11.8
6.4
3.8
11.1
6.2
3.7
357.3
65.1
32.5
29.7
15.2
10.2
8.7
357.5
68.1
34.0
29.2
15.6
8.7
7 ALASKA
161.6
165.1
161.2
4.4
5.2
5.1
18.9
16.6
15.3
10.0
12.3
10.7
8 ARIZONA
Phoenix
g
Tucson
10
814.4
495.0
151.8
856.1
524.0
158.8
871.1
533.9
162.4
18.9
20*0
.6
5.7
20.1
.6
5.8
52.8
32.2
9.7
66.2
41.7
12.6
67.7
42.7
12.9
114.7
85.8
12.9
123.3
90.7
15.5
124.7
91.7
15.8
f I ARKANSAS
Fayetteville-Springdale
12
Fort Smith
13
Little R o c k - N o r t h Little Rock . . . .
14
710.8
57.4
62.5
167.3
29.2
737.3
58.8
66.1
169.2
29.7
734.2
59.0
65.4
169.2
29.8
4.6
(1)
5.1
41.1
41.7
.8
3.1
3.1
10. 1
10.2
214.4
17.8
22.7
31.4
218.0
17.9
24.5
30.4
217.1
18.1
24.0
30.4
O)
3.0
2.8
9.3
1.1
3.1
3.1
(D
(D
5.2
(1)
-.8
(1)
40.2
.7
(1)
1.2
1.3
6.3
6.1
6.1
8,650.0 9 , 1 7 5 . 9 9,224.0
738.5
727.1
687.3
116.4
112.9
117.3
167.6
173.6
173.2
3,249.0 3,392.3 3,412.6
82.7
91.2
85.2
131.7
131.9
126.2
395.7
388.3
372.2
358.7
373.4
374.9
85.1
84.1
82.9
581.5
585.3
551.0
1,411.8 1,438.9 1,442.4
584.4
583.5
541.4
107*2
106.3
105.2
76.8
79.8
79.2
117.7
110.8
114.3
91.1
94.6
95.2
35.5
36.1
2,2
9.2
.8
2.4
9.7
.8
2.2
2.5
.4
.7
.8
2.0
.1
1.0
.3
.1
.2
2.2
2.3
1,090.4 1,138.3 1,147.0
691.5
723.5
717.8
25.3
12.9
1,301.7 1,342.3 1,345.8
158.6
155.9
155.0
364.7
361.9
354.5
58.6
58.1
57.6
181.1
181.5
175.5
102.6
102.7
98.9
86.0
86.8
84.5
2
3
Birmingham
Huntsville
4
5
Mobile
6
Tuscaloosa
15
Montgomery
Pine Bluff
16 C A L I F O R N I A
Anaheim—Santa Ana—Garden Grove
17
Bakersfield
18
Fresno
19
Los Angeles—Long Beach
20
21
Modesto
22
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventra . . . .
Riverside—San Bernardino—Ontario .
23
24
25
^Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
26
27
28
San Diego
San Francisco—Oakland
San Jose
29
Santa Barbara—Santa Maria—Lompoc
30
31
Santa Rosa
Stockton
32
Vallejo —Fairfield—Napa . . .
2
33 COLORADO
Denver-Boulder
34
2
35 CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport
36
Hartford
37
38
39
40
41
New Britain
New Haven-West Haven
Stamford
Wateroury
.6
5.3
11*4
•1
54 GEORGIA
Albany
55
..
56
57
Atlanta . .
58
Columbus . .
59
60
Macon . . .
Savannah
Augusta . .
See footnotes at end of table.
74
5*2
5.7
5.9
6*0
5.9
6.0
18.3
18.9
21. 1
22.0
21.1
21.9
9.4
.1
2*2
2.2
.4
.2
4.5
4.8
5.2
4.6
26.9
14.7
26.9
14.7
68.6
41.7
75.0
.45.4
75.2
45.2
158.9
107.5
165.1
113.8
168.9
114.6
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
47.4
49.0
11.4
48.9
5.3
11.0
1.9
6.2
4.6
2.9
1.9
6.7
4.8
2.9
1.9
6.6
4.8
2.9
406.1
61.3
83.8
28.1
44.1
28.9
32.8
415.7
63.0
87.9
28. 1
44.0
29.2
32.9
417.7
63.6
88.2
28.3
44.4
29.2
32.9
243.8
215.7
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(1)
16.1
15.1
15.9
14.8
16.0
14.8
70.0
65.4
7C.2
66.0
69.9
66.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
CD
(D
(D
14.9
76.0
15.6
78.0
15.5
78.6
15.0
50.3
15.0
51.6
14.9
51.2
8.9
8.9
(1)
178.8 209.5 207.8
20.6
19.9
21.1
15.0
14.8
14.8
33.1 32.6
26.7
12.7
14.3
14.2
405.5
33.4
33.7
92.4
30.9
12.9
64.8
22.3
409.4
33.7
33.8
93.G
31.3
12.8
65.5
22.7
507.2
10.1
134*1
36.4
20.5
16.3
16.8
507.0
10.4
134.3
36.5
20.7
15.9
16.4
7.0
53
Pensacola
T a m p a - S t . Petersburg
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
9.5
23.8
867.1
19.8
20.7
62.4
25.6
10.7
87.5
193.7
198.1
14.6
12.5
20.4
10.4
4.5
5.0
5.3
4.6
1,920.8 1,947.2 1,955.3
40.4
40.2
38.3
807.0
802.8
799.5
121.0
120.1
115.2
80.4
80.5
79.7
95.7
95.9
94.3
78.7
80.2
79.7
52
9.7
24.1
861.1
26.7
21.2
62.0
30.2
10.2
86.9
199.1
201.8
14.3
12.2
24.8
10.6
4*1
4.7
4.8
4.3
8.6
(1)
. . . .
9.3
22.9
815.3
20.7
19.7
57.5
25.0
10.0
79.9
192.8
173.3
13.9
11.5
20.0
38.2
67. 1
24.8
2,871.9 2,987.5 3,014.7
265.6
254.6
268.2
270.7
265.2
271.2
633.9
630.3
613.5
232.7
232.5
223.8
91.6
91.8
89.4
460.3
457.6
441.5
161.4
158.8
154.3
. . . .
6*0
10.2
111.3
5.2
3w4
FLORIDA
Fort Lauderdah -Hollywood
48
Jacksonville .
M i a m i
6.0
.8
10.4
9.0
11.6 103*3 111.6
37*5
66.6
25.1
577.4
577.1
576.3
1,397.7 1,422.2 1,426.9
Orlando . .
.4
.7
.8
1.9
.1
1.1
.3
.1
.2
9.8
1,719.6 1,865.0 1,845.8
176.4
191.8
191.1
3.3
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington SMSA
49
50
51
.1
3 6 . 1 379.7 434.7 434.7
2.4
43.3
46.2
46.5
34*7
63.3
23.1
44
45
46
47
11.6
<D
.7
DELAWARE
Wilmington
243.5
215.3
(D
48
42
43
241.9
214.0
9.4
(1)
(D
d)
(D
(1)
(D
ID
(D
(1)
(D
d)
(1)
(1)
1.9
.1
1.1
.3
.1
4.5
3.5
5.2
11.0
(1)
6.2
7.1
7.4
(D
(D
27.9
11.4
32.4
13.0
33.2
13.2
376.9
31.0
31.7
88.6
27.8
13.3
61.3
21.1
7.5
(1)
(1)
7.4
92.4
99.5
99.1
497.2
(D
3.2
3.9
3.9
9.6
34.9
(D
(D
(D
d)
J3.7
7.5
35.1
(D
(D
d)
(D
6.7
5.3
4.5
5.1
6.7
5.1
4.7
5.0
132.7
36.3
20.7
16.1
16.3
(D
(D
(D
CD
(D
(D
(1)
(D
(D
(D
(1)
5.0
4.4
5.5
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE A N D AREA EMPLOYMENT
B 8
Employees on nonagricuttural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(In thousands}
Transportation and
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Wholasala and retail trade
public utilitias
OCT.
1977
SEPT. OCT.
1978 1978P
66.3
24,9
69.6
26.8
69.5
26.8
Government
Services
OCT.
1977
SEPT
1978
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
1977
SEPT OCT.
1978 1978P
OCT.
1977
261.0
81.3
21.1
34.4
24.1
266.8
83.2
21.8
35.2
24.6
267.3
83.5
21.8
35.0
24.3
56.5
22.7
57.9
23.7
57.9
23.7
9.2
9.3
9.4
3.1
6.6
5.6
1.6
3.2
6.6
5.8
1.6
3.2
6.7
5.7
1.7
180.1
58.4
16.2
26.1
17.2
SEPT.
1978
SEPT,
1978
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
1977
182.8
59.0
16.4
26.3
17.8
182.3
59.4
16.2
26.1
17.7
5.6
5.4
5.4
264.1
49.7
31.4
22.3
23.9
16.9
266.0
49.7
31.3
22.6
23.7
16.4
271.2
50.6
31.5
22.8
24.5
16.5
1
2
2,5
2.6
2.6
10.6
11.0
11.0
4.5
1.8
4.8
1.8
4.8
1.7
15,4
15.9
14.8
27.3
28.4
28.1
7.9
8.0
7.8
25.4
26.4
26.0
52.3
52.3
53.4
7
41.5
25.3
44.9
27. 6
195.8
128.6
34.5
206.2
134.8
36.3
209.2
137.5
36.8
45.7
35.0
48.5
36.9
7.3
156.4
94.7
30.7
159.5
98.2
32.0
161.7
100.8
32.1
188.6
92.8
44. 1
187.8
93.6
41.5
194.0
95.9
43.6
8
6.8
48.2
36.8
7.2
152.6
13.6
13.2
39.1
162.2
14.5
13.8
39.7
161.4
14.5
13.7
39.7
29.8
30.7
30.5
99.0
102.5
101.7
2.C
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.2
2.3
7.C
7.7
7.7
131.6
11.1
135.9
10.4
135.2
10.4
7.4
12.2
10.9
30.8
7.3
12.2
11.0
30.9
7.4
12.1
10.6
29.9
34.1
34.2
34.0
5.9
5.8
5.8
1.2
1.3
1.3
4.5
4.8
4.7
6.6
7.0
7.0
7.8
8.0
45.2
27.8
8. 1
38.6
41.8
41.4
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.0
3.2
11.4
11.7
1 1.9
3.6
3.5
3.6
3
4
5
6
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
481.4 509.8 507.1 2,005.6 2,160.5 2 , 1 7 6 . 0 504.8 533.4 533.3 1,766.2 1,900.8 1,906.1 1,757.2 1,735.6 1,784.9
103.7
20.8
43.9
44.3
23.1 23.4
180.4
182.4 40.3
134.6
166.0
92.1
99.7
148.0
147.9
7.4
7.3
6.9
4.1
4.3
4.3
31.1
30.2
29.9
29.9
18.3
28.8
31.2
19.3
19.2
9.7
9.4
9.7
9.4
48.3
47.7
45.2
8.9
9.3
41.0
39.1
30.4
40.6
31.4
31.5
490.0
492.1
178.9 189.8 189.9
785.2
788.3 197.8 204.8 204.7
699.4
752.9
501.3
738-4
736.1
3.7
3.6
2.7
3.8
2.7
21.8
20.3
2.6
21.1
15.9
15.7
14.3
15.9
15.3
15.2
5.2
5.5
32.3
5.5
5.1
29.0
5.1
5.1
32.5
37.1
22.2
37.2
37.5
22.4
22.2
93.4
20.4
14.8
15.4
21.5
15.5
94.2
94.7
21.8
89.3
93.7
76.0
98.5
79.5
78.1
18.7
19.7
19.6
18.7
136.4
17.0
18.8
84.2
85.0
61.1
81.2
135.1
137.3
64.8
64.6
4.9
3.8
5.0
3.8
22.4
5.0
22. 1
3.6
21.3
23.0
21.5
16.1
22.4
16.9
17.1
24.7
25.9
25.9
32.6 32.8
137.1
137,0 30.6
114.1
127.C
136.3
139.2
138.5
120.8
128.2
120.4 124.4 124.4
330.9
332.6 122.0 127.0 127.4
324.4
290.7
281.7
296.2
287.8
307.5
307.3
79.4
18.8
22.5 22.6
19.6
111.4
111,8 21.7
19.4
104.4
116.7
83.3
82.9
124.7
123.6
3.8
3.8
4.5
3.8
4.5
4.5
26.2
26. 1
26.5
25.4
24.2
26.0
25.0
27.6
27.7
4.4
4.2
4.4
4.2
18.7
4.0
4. 1
19. 1
19.2
17.8
19.8
14.6
19.2
15.2
15.3
7.9
7.9
4.7
4.7
4.5
8.2
27.4
25.8
26.6
27.4
26.8
20.3
27.3
21.3
21.2
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.1
3.0
3.1
36.5
36.2
17.5
19.4
19.3
16.4
36.5
17.2
16.5
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
64.0
44.2
70.2
48.3
70.8
48.7
2 74. 1
174.7
282.7
177.2
282.0
177.3
62.9
45.1
67.0
47.5
67.1
47.5
211.6
140.4
229.9
149. 1
228.2
149.0
224.8
124.9
221.3
122.0
227.9
126.5
33
34
57.0
58.2
58.4
283.9
32.8
76.0
94.9
5.7
282.4
32.9
75.1
94.9
5.7
274.71
31.9]
74.6
9.*6
37.4
23.0
15.4
91.1
5.6
6.4
6.4
6.4
52.6
55.5
55.2
246.1
28.6
65.7
262.1
28.2
68.5
260.7
28.3
69.0
179.4
16.7
51.9
180.2
14.4
48.8
181.2
16.5
50.3
36
37
1.5
9.6
6.6
2.9
1.6
9.9
7.0
3.1
1.6
9.9
6.9
3.1
8.4
8.8
9.0
6.6
6.5
6.4
40.3
22.3
16.3
44.0
23.8
17.9
43.5
23.4
16.9
23.3
10.2
11.1
23.6
11.1
11.0
23.6
11.4
11.5
15.1
1.4
1.4
14.8
14.9
3.4
3.0
I
15.2
1.4
14.7
I
i
3,5
3.1
3.5
12.4
12.5
1 1 . 4 11.5
12.4
11.5
25.5
63.5
14.5
35
9.9
9.9
38.4
23.4
15.9
38.3
23.4
15.7
52.2
42.9
52.3
43.0
52.9
43.4
11.2
11.2
10.0
11.1
9.9
9.9
39.0
34.7
41.3
36.8
41.0
36.5
40.9
34.6
40.2
33.2
40.5
33.6
42
43
25.8
64.6
64.9
271.3
65.8
278.2
66. 1
279.9
33.1
81.2
33.1
83.5
32.7
82.6
151.5
334.3
152.4
343.7
152.9
343.9
271.4
521.1
269.3
522.6
269.5
526.1
44
45
182. 3 183. 1 183. 9
13.3
13.4
13.6
21.4
22.0
22. 0
59.6
62. 1 62.2
11.3
11.3
11.5
742.8
71.9|
69.6
161.7
61.5
20.3
124.0
39.8
765.6
76.0
69.9
160.9
61.1
21.0
126.8
40.3
7 7 1 . 1 200.5 210.9 212.2
22.3
76.9 21.6
22.5
27.7
28.9 28.7
69.8
46.7
46.2
162.2 45.0
15.3
16.5
16.8
61.1
3.7
3.6
3.6
20.7
34.6 34.8
126.8 32.6
12. 1 12.9
13. 1
40.7
621.1
57.4
48.3
143.9
57.5
16.5
95.7
37.1
645.4
58.2
49.0
146.3
60.5
17.2
97.2
37.4
651.3
58.6
48.8
148.0
60. 1
17.0
97.8
38.2
560.9
39.5
51.7
88.0
37.7
25.1
74.1
26.0
558.6
41.7
52.7
89.3
37.9
25.4
75.9
26.0
570.1
41.8
52.8
89.2
37.7
25.7
76.3
26.6
46
47
48
49
284.0
286.8
286.8
382.0
373.2
381.5
54
4.8
4.8
4.8
8.5
8.9
8.9
55
146.0
15.2
11.0
15.5
12.8
146.0
15.2
10.7
15.6
12.8
134.3
28.3
18.3
30.1
15.3
130.0
28.4
18,2
30.4
14.9
3. 1
25.9
64.6
4.4
4.5
4.4
25.9
25.9
25.9
6.8
6.9
6.9
125.1
438.5
445.5
446.5
99.9
1.7
1.9
1.9
8.7
8.8
8.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
71.8
75.1
75.3
57.5
57.7
3.9
3.2
4.4
8.0
3.9
3.2
4.4
7.2
223.8
20.6
16.8
18.7
18.5
56.6
3.8
3.1
4.4
7.3
4.2
4.8
5.6
3.8
4.3
5.0
5.6
3.9
4.3
5.0
5.6
3.9
1 19.9 125.5
225.0
25.2
17.3
19. 1
18.7
225.8
25.3
17.2
19. 1
18.6
102.0 101.8
146.6
14.5
10.9
15. 1
13.1
133.1
29.1
18.4
30.3
14.7
38
39
40
41
50
51
52
53
56
57
58
59
B0
75
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining
Total
State and area
1 HAWAII
Honolulu . . .
2
3 IDAHO
Boise City
4
OCT.
1977
10
11
12
13
14
17.2
14.0
20.4
17.3
20.6
17.6
21.6
15.7
23.0
16.8
22.5
16.4
318.4
73.3
341.1
83.7
341.7
84.5
3.7
21.0
23.1
22.6
55.6
6C.1
59.6
d)
3.9
(1)
3.8
....
d)
6.0
7.0
7.1
8.1
9.5
9.5
4 , 7 5 0 . 7 4,778.4
52.2
52.0
68.9
66.6
3,450.5
(*)
3,205.1 3,219.2
159.8
158.9
57.5
56.0
154.5
153.8
122.7
122.2
84.6
84.9
27.7
26.6
26.7
(3)
(3)
4.7
4.6
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
4.5
4.4
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(*)
4.4
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
2,128.2 2,205.3 2,207.4
53.7
53.0
53.2
120.6
118.2
121.2
171.3
165.1
171.6
255.0
248.7
254.5
504.3
491.4
502.4
58.1
55.9
58.5
50.1
49.4
50.3
108.7
105.7
108.8
63.2
62.0
63.3
9.0
9.6
9.5
Gary—Hammond —East Chicago 4 . . .
22
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
23
24
South Bend
Terre Haute
....
25 IOWA
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
37
Owensboro . . . .
38 LOUISIANA
Alexandria
39
Baton Rouge
40
Lafayette
41
Lake Charles
42
Monroe
43
New Orleans
44
Shreveport
45
4,659.2
50.6
66.9
3,391.0
3,142.3
157.C
56.4
149.2
114.4
85.4
....
188.2 196.9
1.4
2.9
1.5
3.4
138.3 156.6
123.1 139.4
7.3
4.3
9.1
3.8
5.0
7.3
4.4
9.9
4.0
5.0
193. 3 1*242.5 1,246.5 1,250.7
1.4
3.2
(*)
137.9
7.2
4.3
9.9
3.9
5.0
97.0 107. 1 107.7
1.2
6.9
6.8
1.3
7.4
7.5
1.3
7.5
7.3
15.2
20.6
16*4
20.9
15*7
20.4
1.3
CD
(D
d)
1.4
2.0
2*1
4.5
2,7
2.2
2.3
5.0
2.6
2.2
2.2
5.0
2.6
2.6
(1)
2.5
(1)
2.4
59.7
60.6
(1)
d)
(D
4. 1
4. 1
(1)
(D
(D
(D
(D
d)
4.2
7.6
2.0
60.0
4. 1
(D
d)
d)
3.9
8.2
1.8
4.7
3.0
2.5
2.5
902.4
84.2
190.8
12.4
13.4
13.3
46.5
47. 1
47.1
.2
1.9
.2
2.1
.2
2.1
3.8
1,194.8 1,251.3 1,258.8
142.8
134.0
144.1
400.1
380.2
403.3
30.3
29.2
30.5
56.4
1,343.9 1,365.1 1,368.7
48.1
48.1
48.2
182.0
177.7
182.2
58.9
57.6
59.3
54.4
53.1
54.6
47.9
46.3
48.5
460.6
445.9
459.0
139.2
133.6
139.6
65.7
d)
(D
d)
2.4
2.4
d)
(D
(D
(D
2.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
1.2
1,087.8 1,101.5 1,110.2
82.9
80.7
82*9
171.2
170.9
173.2
43.7
43.6
44.3
52.0
53.8
52.6
63.8
64.8
63.8
18
34 KENTUCKY
Lexington-Fayette . . . .
35
Louisville . . . .
36
OCT.
1978P
(D
19
31 KANSAS. .
Topeka .
32
Wichita
33
SEPT.
1978
d)
Peona
Rockford
Springfield . . . .
30
OCT.
1977
(1)
Chicago SMSA 4
Davenport—Rock Island—Moline . . .
Decatur
28
SEPT, OCT.
1978 1978P
d)
(D
Champaign-Urbana -Rantoul . . . .
Chicago—Gary
29
OCT.
1977
362.8
301.6
20
26
27
SEPT, OCT.
1978 1978P
359.4
297.6
Evansville
Fort Wayne
21
OCT.
1977
352.1
292*0
15 INDIANA
Anderson
16
17
OCT.
1978P
Manufacturing
...
5 ILLINOIS
Bloomington—Normal
6
7
8
9
SEPT,
1978
Construction
874.7
82.3
177.5
901.2
84.6
189.0
O)
(1)
(1)
.6
(1)
(D
58.9
(D
d)
•8
57.4
d)
68.1
67.7
(1)
.9
(1)
.8
7.6
2.1
8.3
6.5
8.8
6.6
946.0
846.5
47.8
18.2
50.8
49.4
956.2
857.2
48.3
18.6
53.2
56.2
8.8
6.7
<*)
860.1
48.8
18.8
53.2
56.6
9.7
8.4
8.3
718.8
26.5
36.6
60.4
99.5
127.3
12.0
14.8
32.4
16.8
744.4
26.2
37.3
62.3
102.6
129.0
12.9
14.5
33.6
17.1
741.9
25.9
37.9
62.4
103.6
129.0
13.1
14.5
33.6
16.9
243.6
28.1
24.8
16.8
11.1
22.4
247.5
29.7
23.9
16.5
248.6
29.7
24.7
16.8
9.9
9.9
21.7
21.3
170.8
11.0
49.4
186.3
11.3
60.9
187.7
11.3
61.8
296.0
32.4
110.0
296.7
32.7
111.9
3.9
9.8
3.7
9.8
71.6
7.0
18.9
79.3
76.9
9.2
8.6
22.2
22.0
286.8
29.8
110.0
2.0
2.4
2.6
7.5
7*2
7.1
104.2 107.1 106.5
207.7
10.2
206.7
205.6
3.1
3.2
3.0
6.4
6.0
6.0
22.6
23.8
23.9
24.3
24.4
24.3
4.8
5.4
4.1
5.3
6.1
5.6
5.4
6.0
5.6
3.4
3.7
3.7
11.7
12.0
12.1
7.8
8.C
8.1
51.8
28.5
52.6
28.7
52.9
28.8
44
1.5
.3
(1)
.9
9.9
1.6
.3
14.2
14.3
14.3
26.2
26.8
4.6
4.8
4.8
8.6
9.9
26.4
10.1
410.5
34.7
87.6
(1)
d)
(D
(D
23.2
22.6
22.3
(1)
(D
(1)
(D
1.3
4.6
1.6
4.2
1.4
4.2
108.7
12.4
15.8
111,9
12.5
16.3
113.2
12.6
16.2
49 M A R Y L A N D
Baltimore
50
1,549.5 1,580.0 1,581.7
896.6
902.2
874*7
1.5
(D
1.6
1.5
(D
95.9
45.2
98.8
48.1
96.8
46.7
238.2
163.2
244.9
167.3
246.1
168.4
51 MASSACHUSETTS
Boston
2,442*0 2,531.5 2,549.0
1,319.1 1,371.2 1,378.1
58.5
57.2
55.4
57.6
57.8
55.0
106.7
107.4
103.8
69.5
69.7
67,7
64.0
63.2
60.9
227.8
229.5
224.0
160.2
157.9
155.0
(1)
d)
d)
(D
d)
di
(1)
(1)
d)
d)
77.5
43.5
1.?
1.4
2.6
2.7
84.4
45.8
2. 1
1.5
2.7
2.9
2.0
63.1
45*4
2.1
1.5
2.7
2.7
630.4
269*8
11.9
20.7
38.8
22.7
24.7
65.5
45.1
654,1
284.0
12*1
21.6
39*5
23*5
25.7
67.1
46.8
657.3
265.6
12.3
21.5
39.5
3,496.2 3,580.7 3,603.3
129.9
133.9
129.0
67.7
68.0
65.4
10.4
(D
46 MAINE
Lewiston—Auburn
47
Portland
48
52
53
54
Brockton
Fali River
55
Lawrence—Haver hill
56
57
58
59
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield—Chicopee—Hoi yoke
Worcester .
60 MICHIGAN
Ann Arbor
61
Battle Creek . .
62
76
398.4
33.4
84.4
411.6
34.6
87.2
.9
9.4
1.4
(D
(1)
(1)
(1)
(D
d)
(1)
10.0
d)
13.8
(1)
d)
(1)
(D
d)
(1)
(1)
1.8
(D
(D
5.6
13.3
(D
4.5
5.8
4.3
141.2 164.3
3.1
1.8
3.8
2.0
2.1
5.6
4.2
?3.3
25.9
67.4
46.9
165.0 1,134.0 1,158.8 1,166.5
44.1
3.8
42.8
41.8
2.0
23.8
24.4
23.4
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Wholesale and retail trade
Government
Services
OCT.
1977
SEPT. OCT.
1978 1978P
OCT.
1977
SEPT.
1978
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
1977
SEPT. OCT.
1978 1978F
OCT.
1977
SEPT.
1978
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
1977
SEPT.
1978
OCT.
1978P
28.1
23.2
28.8
23.8
28.5
23.5
90.6
•75.9
91.4
76.2
90.9
75.9
24.8
22.0
25.4
22.7
25.5
22.7
85.9
69.8
88.2
71.7
88.7
72.4
83.9
71.4
82.2
69.1
86.1
73.1
2
18.5
19.8
19.8
84.2
21.7
22.3
57.9
5.8
9.1
9.3
53.7
12.2
58.2
4.7
83.2
21.4
22.2
4.8
79.1
19.5
16.8
4.3
13.8
13.8
70.0
17.4
70.6
18.4
71.5
18.4
4
854.8
885.0
886.5
7.7
9.9
7.8
7.8
9.9
728.7
11.6
28.0
456.4
426.2
25.1
758.9
11.3
26.8
473.4
447.7
25.2
779.0
11.6
29.0
278.3 2 8 3 . 8 285.6 1,068.2 1,072.8 1,077.3 270.7 2 8 0 . 2 279.3
7.4
7.1
7.3
3.0
12.2
12. 1
11.6
3.C
3.0
2.3
14.9
2.3
14.9
15.2
2.2
2.5
2.5
2.5
769.4
778.6
205.5 2 1 0 . 9
(*)
<*)
( * ) 21C.7 218.3
724.8 202.0 2 0 9 . 6 2 0 9 . 0
721.2
730.3
190.8 196.7 196.8
6.7
6.6
39.9
6.5
38.8
7.6
7.6
40.0
7.6
2.5
2.5
2.4
11.9
4.7
12.1
11.8
4.7
3.5
7.1
7.2
6.9
34.9
35.4
34.7
7.9
8.2
8.2
3.8
3.8
3.7
24.6
4.7
24.7
4.7
4.7
24.2
6.8
6.5
6.9
18.5
18.3
18. 1
4.9
4.9
4.9
9.6
9.8
9.8
5.4
5.4
5.4
26.2
16.6
16.6
27.4
16.8
16.5
27.5
16.8
16.5
13.6
12.0
24.6
13.1
12.0
24.6
13.2
12.1
24.8
302.1
11
12
13
14
293.8
304.5
348.4
356.9
362.9
15
1.6
6.5
6.6
6.7
5.9
5.8
5.7
4. 1
4. 1
9.6
8.9
33.9
34.6
34.4
22.0
26.1
33.2
78.9
21.8
25.9
32.9
78.5
2.7
1.5
4.9
2.0
2.8
1.5
4.9
2.0
2.8
1.5
7.8
7.0
8.2
7.5
8.2
7^3
12.1
15.4
30.2
84.8
19.3
11.2
11.6
11.9
12.0
15.7
29.4
88.4
19.2
12.2
15.6
29.7
87.2
19.4
11.0
11.7
12.0
16
17
9.6
8.9
21.6
24.9
32.1
75.8
279.9
17.3
46.5
52.5
3.9
9.6
9.7
13.6
13.6
13.6
13.7
10.3
14.7
29.7
10.7
14.7
30.2
10.7
14.6
30.2
1.5
2.0
5.1
3.9
1.6
2.1
5.2
3.8
5.2
3.8
28.2
38.1
48.3
119.3
10.6
11.5
25.1
14.7
478.1
10.5
28.8
40.1
49.1
122.7
11.2
11.7
25.5
15.6
54.8
54.8
54.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
10.9
10.8
1G.8
273.8
17.1
45.4
278.9
17.3
46.0
1.7
3.5
2.5
1.7
1.6
3.8
2.5
9.3
3.8
2.5
13.7
13.6
58.5
59.6
59.4
7.6
7.7
7.6
10.1
10.0
10.1
212.1
18.1
40.3
217.7
18.7
41.3
65.6
68.7
69.2
6.2
6.8
6.8
23.6
25.2
2. 1
25.4
255.0
30.5
83.8
2.1
6.9
323.1
11.0
37.0
15.4
12.4
12.0
1 19.0
34.1
9
10
95.7
10.6
28.9
39.4
49.8
122.3
11.2
11.7
25.8
15.5
96.8 105.6 105.6
8
(*)
456.3
25.5
1.6
9.9
2.C
6
7
95.9
479.6
1.5
6.5
1.6
5
1.6
4.0
9.2
8.7
461.8
1.6
6.5
2. 1
(•)
629.8
24.0
3
92.9
109.5
1.4
6.4
106.5 107.4
651.0
618.9
23.9
10.1
661.4
6 29.0
23.9
1
9.8
11.4
11.8
5.0
22.1
22.8
22.8
2.0
8.8
9.1
9.0
53.4
53.4
9.9
19.1
19.1
198.3
14.0
35.2
9.7
18.8
199.0
14.0
35.1
204.8
4.0
190.8
14.2
34.8
210.0
4.1
28.2
28.7
1.2
2.7
1.8
1.2
2.7
1.9
1.2
2.7
1.9
8.8
9.0
9.0
11.0
10.4
11.0
tO.3
11.1
10.3
4.0
7.1
3.8
6.9
11.0
11.2
11.5
217.7
18.5
41.5
4 2.7
44.3
44.2
5.7
9.0
5.7
9.1
5.7
9.1
152.1
15.1
34.3
157.7
15.7
34.3
157.4
15.8
34.1
179.6
21.0
22.5
175.1
21.4
21.5
175.6
21.4
22.3
270.3
32.6
90.0
269.9
33.0
90.6
47.8
51.0
51.5
6.2
6.5
6.7
21.0
22.3
22.2
188.4
24.2
69^7
193.2
24.9
73.8
194.9
24.8
74.6
223.2
30.1
53.0
233.9
30*4
56.6
242.3
31.5
56.6
7.1
7.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
4-8
5.3
5.4
4.2
4.2
4.2
326.0
10.7
36.9
15.8
12.5
11.8
119.9
35.1
326.1
11.0
36.9
15.7
12.6
12,0
120.1
35.3
65.2
67.8
2.7
68.1
2.7
225.4
230.2
231.6
2.7
9.0
9.3
9.3
10.4
10.8
10.8
26.2
25.8
26.0
256.8
13.6
47.9
254.7
13.8
50.4
255.4
13.8
50.4
1.9
2.2
3.1
2.0
2.3
3.2
2.0
9.5
8.3
6.9
9.6
8.2
7.2
9.6
8.3
7.5
9.0
8.9
9.7
8,5
8.7
9.5
' 8.6
27.3
27.5
27.6
6.1
6.2
6.2
95.0
21.8
99.5
22.9
97.4
23.1
72.6
20.7
72.7
21.8
72.8
21.4
.
212.6
10.0
29.3
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
3.8
7.3
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
2.3
8.4
4.2
2.8
2.3
2.4
9.0
4.0
3.1
2.3
39.8
47.3
47.5
9.2
9.8
9.9
18.0
18.2
1. 1
18.0
1. 1
86.2
92.3
90.3
15.2
15.6
15.7
67.4
72.0
69.7
79.7
79.0
81.3
7.7
8.1
8.0
7.1
3.1
3.0
3.1
46
47
21.6
23.5
23.8
1.4
6.8
6.9
5.0
1.4
6.9
6.4
5.0
1.4
6.4
17.4
18.2
17.8
13.6
13.1
13.8
48
82.3
56.9
82.8
376.2
382.1
206.8
82.3
51.3
83.5
51.7
299.2
201.7
379.9
204.9
84.1
57.2
167.1
313.9
174.3
311.8
174.3
378.8
194.3
374.5
193.5
377.1
197.1
49
50
114.5 117.2 116.7
69.3
68.6 6 8.4
4.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
4.1
4.2
4.2
3.1
3.1
3.1
2.6
2.7
2.5
9.7
9.7
9.5
6.9
7.0
6.7
545.0
300.6
14.8
11.9
21.4
14.8
572.1 138.4 144.2 143.0
306.2 9 4 . 8 98.8 98.4
2.2
2.0
2.2
15.6
2.7
2.8
2.5
12.6
3.6
3.6
3.5
23.3
2.1
2.1
2.1
15.2
1.9
1.8
1.8
11.9
45.4 1 1 . 2 11.6 11.6
8.4
8.4
8.3
34.5
546.5
343.6
574.0
368.5*
583.6
371.7
389.7
197.5
12.2
386.4
199.8
13,0
393.2
202.4
13.5
52
11.8
45.3
33.7
571.2
305.7
15.4
12.9
23.0
15.3
12.2
45.9
34.2
148.5 152.6 153.0
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.3
2. 1
2.2
712.1
18.2
10.8
720.4
18.0
11.2
719.1 140.2 145.7 145.4
3.9
3.6
3*. 9
17.7
3.6
3.6
3.5
11.2
1.1
5.0
77.4
51.9
2.4
9.0
4.2
3. 1
2.3
51.6
2.3
3.2
8.8
9.5
8.6
a.9
8.5
9.4
8.8
9.3
15.2
10.3
15.3
10.4
15.2
10.3
18.2
12.0
18.4
12.4
41.7
29.6
43.8
29.9
42.4
31.0
45.2
26.8
45.6
27.6
18.9
12.8
10.2
45.7
28.3
580.3
18.1
11.4
609.7
17.6
11.8
612.1
17.4
11.9
629.4
42.9
12.4
615.3
40.1
12.8
628.9
44.7
12.9
8.4
8.9
9.4
7.7
9.9
7.7
9.8
7.9
42
43
44
45
51
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
77
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8 Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining
Total
Manufacturing
Construction
Stats and araa
OCT.
1977
2
37.8
(1)
1.2
1.2
1.2
3
4
207.5
254.2
53.5
109.3
192.8
62.4
93.6
(D
(D
(D
(D
(1)
(D
d)
(D
(D
(1)
(D
(D
d)
(D
5
6
7
8
9
(1)
1 ,729.2
60.1
60.3
1 ,016.3
1 ,034.4
5.9
(D
(D
SEPT.
1977
1
1978
MICHIGAN—Continued
35.9
37.1
Bay City
1 # 719.6 1 , 7 6 2 . 7
Detroit
Flint
204.5
198.9
250.7
244.0
Grand Rapids
Jackson
...
53.7
51.4
Kalamazoo—Portage
109.3
106.0
Lansing—East Lansing
183.6
185.2
Muskegon-Noi ton Shores-Musk. Hgts
62.2
60.3
Saginaw
92.9
89.1
10
11
12
MINNESOTA
13
14
MISSISSIPPI
Jackson
Duluth-Supenor
M i n n e a p o l i s - S t . Paul . . . .
SEPI OCT.
1978 1978P
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
1,766.9
1 ,707.8
1 ,635.0
59.1
985.8
(D
(D
OCT.
1977
SEPT.
1978
OCT.
1978P
SEPT. OCT.
1978 1978P
OCT.
1977
1.9
11.6
590.2
88.4
89.0
17.1
36.7
45.0
23.0
37.8
12.0
592.8
91.5
89.9
17.4
36.8
45.3
23.2
38.1
367.1
6.9
8.1
8.1
11.3
12.8
12.8
(D
(D
1.9
4.3
5.5
2.7
2.8
1.4
4.7
6.1
3.2
3.3
1.5
4.6
6.0
3.3
3.4
11.2
579.4
88.5
84.2
15.7
35.3
43.2
22.4
37.0
18.9
18.3
81.7
92.6
93.2
344.9
372.7
(D
(D
(D
O)
2.Q
2.6
2.6
7.8
7.9
7.8
42.6
50.5
50.7
223.9
237.5
237.1
(D
(1)
(D
1.7
68.0
2.0
77. 1
76.5
778.7
129.9
802.4
134,3
806.6
134.7
7.8
8.2
1.1
8. 1
42*5
43.6
43.8
1. 1
1.1
7.4
7.8
7.9
235.5
18.4
235.3
18.8
235.5
18.9
15
MISSOURI
Kansas City
St. Joseph . .
18
St. Louis
19
Springfield
1 ,879.6
1,905.5
1 ,908.2
16
17
598.2
35.9
938.5
78.6
607.8
35.7
953.2
80.6
605.9
35.6
958.9
81.0
8.9
.5
(3)
2.7
(3)
7.3
.6
(3)
2.7
(3)
7.5
.6
(3)
2.7
(3)
82.4
25.8
85.6
28.8
84.5
28.0
445*0
123.1
451.2
125.9
451.3
126.2
MONTANA S
Billings 5
21
Great Falls s
22
270.1
44.5
29.7
287.4
46.6
31.4
282.2
46.0
30.8
6.2
7.1
7.0
(D
d)
d)
(D
(D
2.6
2.1
23
24
NEBRASKA
Lincoln.
25
Omaha . . .
590.7
94.6
255.2
606.4
98.1
257.3
604.7
96.9
257.6
1.6
(3)
1.6
(3)
1.7
- '
26
27
NEVADA
Las Vegas
Reno
319.9
173.2
93.7
352.6
188.2
108.0
352.5
189.2
107.3
4.4
.2
.6
3.3
.2
•7
29
30
31
NEW HAMPSHIRE
351.8
68.6
51.9
371.6
72.7
54.6
372.4
73.4
54.9
.5
(3)
(3)
32
,977.0
71.8
318.9
387.6
233. 1
150.5
271.9
939.9
190.7
163.2
58.0
3.0
-
42
NEW JERSEY
2 ,891.8 2 ,962.4
Atlantic City
75.3
66.6
6
Camden
317.5
307.3
Hackensack
378.0
382.9
Jersey City -7
231.8
233.3
Long Branch—Asbury Park
151.1
148.3
7
New Bruns.-Perth Amboy-Sayreville .
269.7
263.7
Newark
905.6
923.3
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic . .
190.6
184.8
Trenton
161.8
159.0
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
58.6
55.1
43
44
NEW MEXICO
Albuquerque
45
NEW YORK
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Monroe County. 8
Nassau-Suffolk 9 .New York—Northeastern New Jersey .
New York and Nassau-Suffolk 7. . . . .
New York SMSA 9
New York City
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland Country 10
Syracuse
Utica— Rome
Westchester County 1 0
20
28
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
Manchester
Nashua . . . .
2.2
2.0
41.9
42.2
3.7
4.0
17.4
9.2
9.1
3.9
251.1
17.9
254.2
18.2
255.C
18.0
19.6
18.5
26.1
27.2
26.9
3.0
2.1
2.6
2.0
4.5
1.8
4.2
1.9
4.2
1.9
33.6
36.0
35.6
4.5
4.7
4.7
13.2
13.1
12.9
91.7
14.3
35.3
94.3
14.3
35.7
95.2
14.4
35.9
3.3
.2
.7
21.5
10.7
25.5
12.9
25.4
13.1
15.6
9.2
9.0
5.8
6.9
17.2
6.0 !
7.6 |
17.4
8.1
.4
(3)
(3)
.4
(3)
(3)
21.6
24.3
24.3
3.4
2.4
3.6
2.7
3.5
2.7
104.7
19.4
23.4
107.1
19.4
24.1 |
107.4
19.5
24.3
2.8
.1
2.8
.1
785.0
794.6
8.5
7.6
68.7
(D
(D
—
(D
(D
—
1.0
(1)
(1)
1.0
(1)
(D
d)
(1)
(1)
(D
(D
70.2
113.9
71.9
23.6
90.8
251.4
68.8 i
37.6
2C.5
796.4
7.7
71.2
113.7
71.7
23.8
91.0
253.9
67.4
37.7
19.6
455.6
181.4
24.1
24.8
25.0
(V
d)
(D
34.6
18.1
7 ,008.1
325.0
324.1
114.6
114.2
509.3
505.7
37.8
37.7
329.5
325.2
861.6
859.8
6 ,459.6
<*)
4 , 4 5 6 . 2 4 ,474.7
3 ,596.4 3 , 6 1 3 . 1
3 , 1 8 3 . 1 3 ,198.6
92.3
91.4
436.9
402.1
76.6
76.8
259.5
255.5
115.8
115.3
326.6
325.1
425.6
169.2
7.6
(1)
7.3
7.2
d)
d)
d)
454.8
181.3
6 ,902.5 6 ,973.6
321.7
113.0
504.8
37.2
324.7
838.6
6 ,391.0
4 ,425.6
3 ,587.0
3 ,180.7
88.6
400.3
75.7
253.1
113.5
319.3
i
78
1.7
38.5
.1
—
(D
(D
(1)
O)
(1)
3.5
1.9
1.7
1.5
(1)
(1)
(D
d)
O)
3.5
1.9
1.7
1.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(D
(D
(D
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1.0
(1)
107.1 118.2 121.0
3.8
3.9
3.7
12.6
12.6
11.8
14.8
15.9
16.5
9.3
111.6
4.2
6.3
9.4
4.5
6.7
9.3
4.3
6.5
9.6
33.2
35.6
37.7
5.8
2.9
1.8
6.1
3.2
2.0
6.2
3.0
1.9
75. 1
24.4
87.8
247.8
66.1
38.3
19.1
32.5
12.8
35.7
15.4
35.5
15.2
32.7
17.0
6.1
7.8
34.4
18.0
208.6 223.6 222.7 1 ,483.7 1,490.2 1 , 4 9 4 . 3
62.C
11.8
64.1
11.3
62.1
11.8
4.7
4.6
5.0
41.6
41.9
40.6
(1)
19.9
20.0
20,3
143.8
144.4
145.8
(D
1.9
1.9
11.7
11.6
1.9
11.7
(1)
10.0
10.2
10.1
130.9
128.6
130.0
(D
156.9
156.1
154.2
36.5 36.0
33.8
(D
( • ) 185.6 193.4
( * ) 1 ,375.8 1,381.0
(•)
1 . 9 116.2 123.8 123.8
786.7
784.2
787.4
1.7
84.3
87.9
87.3
628.1
629.9
633.2
1.5
70.9
68.2
71.2
549.1
543.8
542.2
3.1
3. 1
3.0
30.9
30.6
28.8
O)
12.4
12.6
12.6
152.1!
153.3
150.3
2.4
2.8
2.7
15.0
15.4
15.1
d)
60.4 i
11.7
11.6
60.9
58.9
11.6
(D
3.4
3.3
3.5
31.6
31.4
30.8
(D
13.0
69.8
12.9
13.3
67.8
69.2
(D
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE A N D AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
WholtMlt and retail trade
public utilities
OCT.
1977
2. 1
81.2
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
SEPT. OCT.
1978 1978P
OCT.
1977
SEPT,
1978
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
1977
SEPT. OCT.
1978 1978P
OCT.
1977
8.8
1.1
1.1
1.2
6.2
343.2
39.8
57.5
10.3
20.4
34.9
11.6
18.0
81.5
84.0
83.9
5.5
8.5
1.5
3.5
8.4
1.7
3.8
5.6
8.8
1.6
3.7
9.0
1.8
3.9
5.6
8.8
1.6
3.8
9.0
1.8
3.9
312.7
26.4
43.8
19.7
33.9
11.2
17.5
345.0
40.0
56.6
10.6
20.3
34. 1
11.9
18. 1
414.8
16.3
246.5
430.3
17.0
252.2
432.1
16.8
254.4
84.2
89.0
89.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
61.9
65.2
8.2
152.5
31.0
157.6
33.5
158.1
33.6
30.4
10.0
131.2 132.5 133.0
5.1.2
50.9
52.3
448.2
152.7
457. 8
153.4
458.0
153.8
8.7
8.3
209.7
22.0
67.7
14.5
2.0
2.0
83.8
83.2
6.0
9.8
4.5
3.5
4.4
3.0
6.0
9.8
4.5
3.4
4.5
3.1
4. 1
4. 1
4.1
94.8
95.3
97.0
6.5
7.4
7.4
61. 1
60.3
61.8
37.3
37.8
38.8
8.1
8.2
6.1
9.6
4. 4
3. 4
4.6
3. 1
2.5
2.4
2.4
66. 1
68. 1
69. 1
5.7
5.7
20.5
22.9
22.7
3.8
1.8
4.4
2.0
4.3
2.0
42. 4
6.6
22. 2
44.7
44.6
6.9
6.8
22.9
23. 1
19.0
10.6
20.5
11.4
20.5
11.4
6.0
6.6
6.5
12.6
4. 1
13.0
13.0
4.2
1.8
4.2
1.8
5 6
I -
!
1.7
18C.2 191.5 194.1
3.3
3.5
3.5
14.6
18. 1
28. 8
14.8
18. 3
29.0
6.0
6.2
16.9
65.C
18.6
68.5
14.9
18. 1
29.2
6. 1
18.0
70.0
6.5
5.2
3.0
6.8
5.4
3.0
6.8
5.4
3.0
27.4
10.5
27.5
10.7
! 25.5
9.5
8.6
341.5
37.3
56.5
9.9
9.0
Government
Services
SEPT.
1978
6.3
330.2
28.1
43.5
OCT.
1-97 8P
OCT.
1977
SEPT,
1978
OCT.
1978P
5.0
5.1
5.4
254.1
28.2
30.1
251.1
28.3
30.2
255.7
28.2
30.7
2
3
4
9.1
9.7
9.6
8.9
8.8
8.6
5
17.9
24.4
18.5
25.0
18.2
25.0
22.0
59.9
10.2
12.5
22.1
68.0
10.7
12.9
6
7
8.7
9.0
8.7
11.9
13.2
13.2
21.8
65.4
10.6
12.0
334.0
12.2
210.8
338.8
12.1
214.1
289.2
11.7
147.8
275.1
11.2
139.8
293.6
11.2
150.8
10
11
65.5
319.4
11.9
202.0
31.4
10.3
31.5
10.3
109.6
25.5
115.3
25.9
117.7
26.1
163.2
28.4
173. 1
28.6
173.1
28.5
13
96.0
38.7
97.9
39.8
97.5
39.9
341.4
115.8
348.9
120.4
346.0
118.6
326.5
89.3
324.3
88.0
330.4
87.6
15
8.4
1.8
1.9
1.9
6.3
6.2
6.2
5.6
5.5
5.6
209.6
22.9
210.4
22.9
49.8
50.9
50.9
3.1
3.1
184.0
15.7
189.4
15.9
190.2
16.2
136.6
10.7
136.4
10.8
138.4
11.2
18
3.0
72.0
15.6
10.2
11.4
12.4
2. 1
12.3
49.2
54.9
52.4
71.6
68.4
70.4
20
2.0
2.1
2.0
8.9
6.1
9.5
6.7
9.4
6.6
8.1
6.3
7.8
6.2
7.8
6.1
21
9.7
75.0
15.6
10.5
155.4
20.7
64.6
157.3
21.7
65.4
158.1
21.8
65.8
3 8.3
39.2
39.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
22.8
22.8
106.8
15.3
53.7
105.5
15.4
53.6
125.2
26.9
44.7
126.5
28.4
43.7
124.4
26.9
43.5
23
24
22.2
102.5
15.0
53.1
63.1
35.2
19.5
70.9
40.0
21.6
70.2
39.6
21.4
13.3
14.4
14.5
7.0
5.0
7»5
5.4
7.5
5.4
132. 1
81.0
33.4
148.7
86.6
42.6
148.0
87.0
42.C
50.9
22.7
14.2
52.1
23.6
14.3
53.2
24.3
14.5
26
27
76.4
17.2
10.0
84.2
18.9
10.9
82.6
19.3
11.0
16.5
18.0
18h0
69.9
12.8
56.8
5.5
1.8
69.7
12.7
54.9
5.5
1.8
65.5
11.7
54.0
4.8
1.7
29
30
8.3
8.3
8.4
5.0
8.6
7.7
8.0
5.0
5.0
31
494.2
14.0
59.2
39.8
43.0
32.5
43.3
146.0
28.2
46.3
12.5
508.4
14.5
58.9
42.6
43.4
32.9
45.5
152.5
29.3
46.5
12.8
32
116.8
40.2
1 18.7
40.9
43
44
2.1
1.9
8.7
9.2
9.4
3.1
3.2
3.2
8.1
8.2
8.1
497.6
14.0
58.0
42.0
42.3
33.1
46.9
149.6
27.0
43.9
11.4
97.7
43.4
106.0
47.0
105.5
46.7
18.6
19.9
10. 1
20.0
10.1
81.9
38.0
89.6
40.0
89.0
39.8
112.6
39.0
644.0
17.7
80.6
110.8
45.4
36.6
58.9
174.1
42.1
23.7
660.8
20.3
83.6
112.1
46.0
39.2
61.5
174.9
42.1
24.2
659.1 144.6 151.1 150.8
4.5
4.5
18.6
4.3
15.5
15.6
14.7
84.8
14.5
14. 1 14.4
113.1
8.9
8.9
47.0
8.8
7*0
7.0
6.9
39.1
8.5
8.5
62.4
8.4
177.2
61.2 64.1 64.2
9.4
9.4
9. 1
42.6
6.7
6.7
6.4
25.2
9.5
530.3
15.1
58.8
66.5
28.6
35.1
35.3
173.8
28.2
38.5
549.2
21.5
61.4
68.5
28.5
35.9
37.7
181.8
29.2
38.4
544.4
19.2
60.9
69.1
28.6
35.1
36.9
183.4
29.0
38.7
4 2 7 . 7 426.0 426.3 1,4 38.5 1,460.4 1,462.6 577.8 584.6 584.4 1,497.3 1#51<l.7 1,523.1 1,261.3 1,266.7 1,287.5
93.4
92.6
89.8
62.4
62.6
62.4
14.6
14.7
65.8
66. 1 14.4
64.5
14.6
! 1 5 . 1 14.8
22.6
21.8
22.6
15.6
15.5
15.4
3.7
3.7
3.6
21.9
21.9
4.6
4.7
21.0
I
4.7
89.1
86.6
85.6
93.7
92.2
91.7
22.0
21.5 22.C
112.3
112.8
112.9
27.9
27.5
| 27.6
6.9
6.7
6.4
6.1
6.3
1.0
1.0
7. 1
1.C
8.6
8.6
8.2
1.4
1.4
!
1.4
39.3
37.4
38.5
61.3
62.7
61.9
14.7
14.7
14.3
61.4
62.0
61.0
10. 1 10. C
j 10.2
179.1
176.4
172.8
17^.6
179.7
173.3
223.7
229.4
229.2 45.6 46.6 46.3
35.5
35. 1 35.3
j 4 4 9 . 2 453.0
(*)
( * ) 1,049.2 1,055.9
( * ) 1,376.6 1,404.2
( * ) 580.0 587.9
( * ) 1,371.0 1,380.7
754.8
747.9
741.1
942.8
946.9 478.4 482.9 482.6 1,044.7 1,060.6 1,066.5
939.9
! 3 1 4 . 0 312.0 311.6
575.7
571.6
568.4
881. 1
888.0
871.6
717.6 432.8 436.3 436.2
716.2
713.5
; 2 7 8 . 9 276.7 276. 1
499.5
497. 1
493.3
791.4
783.8
776.1
620.0 413.9 416.9 416.9
621.6
615.8
257. 1 254.8 254.3
22.3
21.3
21.0
16.0
15.6
15.4
2.5
2.5
2.4
15.3
15.4
15.1
2.8
2.8
!
2.9
59.5
57.3
58.7
73.3
72.0
72.3
16.3
16.3
15.8
78.8
78.5
13. 1
77.5
! 1 3 . 2 13.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
20.3
20.1
20.3
16.5
16.5
16.0
16.0
16.3
16.4
3.5
3.5
j
3.6
48.3
47.3
47.0
51.6
49.0
49.8
15.0
15.0
57.7
14.8
56.7
57.9
14.4
I 14.3 14.3
5.4
5.5
29.2
28.9
29w2
20.2
20.3
19.8
5.3
21.9
21.8
4.0
21.2
4.0
4.0
53.1
51.5
52.0
78.0
78.8
77.3
16.7
16.8
78. 1 16.3
75.5
17.6
78.2
17.8
17.5
1
6.5
330.5
28.3
44.7
8
9
12
14
16
17
19
22
25
28
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
79
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricuttural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Constructori
Total
Stats and area
W a U
w s B VIIU
WOO
OCT.
2,168,9 2 , 2 2 5 . 6 2 , 2 3 7 . 1
58.6
65.9
68.1
302.9
301.4
294,8
366.6
357,8
363.6
243.3
232.7
240.4
4.7
(1)
(1)
5.1
(1)
(1)
(D
(D
(D
(D
237.3
62.8
3.4
(3)
4.1
(3)
4,295.4 4,374.2 4,406.6
268.0
262,8
264.3
151,6
154. 1
155.2
593.2
592.2
573.3
911.3
889, 5
900.0
490.4
485.2
479.7
360.1
349.7
356.3
300.1
310.8
304.5
215.7
212.9
215.1
30.3
31.1
.4
1.0
.5
OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
992.4 1,041.5 1,041.7
374.4
342.9
374.3
267.2
259,7
267.3
50.4
OREGON
Eugene—Springfield
, Jackson County
Portland
Salem
958.6 1,009.8 1,014.5
99.0
100.6
(*)
1.9
1977
NORTH CAROLINA
Asheville
Charlotte—Gastonia
3
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Pt
4
Raleigh—Durham
5
1
2'
6 NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo—Moorhead
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
228.1
60,8
OHIO
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Toledo
Youngstown—Warren
496.5
85.2
SEPT,
1978
235.1
61.4
525.9
88. 1
528.6
87.0
38
39
40
41
PENNSYLVANIA
4 # 610.7 4 , 6 4 7 . 1 4 , 6 6 8 . 1
Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton . . . .
265.8
262. 1
264.8
Altoona
5 2. 1
52. 1
52. 6
Delaware Valley i}
1 # 530.9 1,538.8 1,554.8
Erie
116.1
112.6
114.0
Harrisburg
211.7
211.2
207.3
Johnstown
87.5
86.5
87.3
Lancaster
145 .6
143.0
144« 3
Northeast Pennsylvania
232.0
23c!7
232i3
Philadelphia SMSA
1,833.1 1,856.4 1,873.6
Philadelphia City }}
807.8
797.6
806.8
Pittsburgh
929.7
918.7
931.1
Reading
138.5
134.8
138.0
Scranton \ 3 .
82.2
82.8
82.3
Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton !?
120.9
122.0
122.8
Williamsport
48.5
48.6
46.3
York
149.8
148.5
143.8
42
43
RHODE ISLAND
Providence—Warwick—Pawtucket . . .
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
SEPT. OCT.
1977 1978 1978P
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
46
Greenville-Spartanburg
47
44
45
48
49
50
SOUTH DAKOTA
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
TENNESSEE
Chattanooga
Knoxville
54
Memphis
Nashville—Davidson
55
51
52
53
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
TEXAS
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont—Port Arthur—Orange
Corpus Christi
Dallas-Fort Worth
El Paso
Galveston—Texas City
See footnotes at end of table.
80
.3
.9
.5
1.5
.8
.4
.6
.3
11.7
16. 1
(1)
\ •/
(1)
49.2
(D
m
i *i
di
(1)
(D
9.0
(D
1.4
(D
(D
12.0
(D
(1)
5.2
(D
(1)
(1)
d)
4.0
(3)
Manufacturing)
OCT.
1978P
SEPT. OCT.
1978 1978P
OCT.
1977
105.9 112.8 113.2
3.4
3.2
3. 4
14.8
14.4
14.7
15.4
15.6
15.6
12. 1 12.4
11.3
793.2
21.5
84.4
143.0
37.1
804 • 3
21.7
85.0
143.4
38.3
807. 5
21.8
85.5
143.8
38.6
15.9
5.5
16.0
16.4
5.1
5.1
OCT.
1977
19.2
5.0
20.4
5.3
20.6
5.3
30.9 178.5 193. 1 191.4
9.1
6. 9
28.7
34.3
22.4
16.0
12.9
9.2
1,360.4
85.7
56.3
7. 0
2Q.2
164.7
33.7
274. 2
22.2
101.2
15.8
110.2
13.0
90.C
9.2
83.2
SEPT.
1978
1,385.3 1,381.5
83.8
83.7
56.7
56.8
169.6
170.3
280 • 4
279 • 5
101.1
101.3
110.0
110.7
91.8
91.7
81.1
81.0
1.6
.9
.4
.4
1.0
.5
1.6
.9
.4
.7
.3
.7
.3
8.5
6.3
26.4
32.3
20.9
14.2
12.2
8.2
54.6
13.9
16.7
54.4
13.9
16.6
51.6
18.7
14.2
58.0
25.6
15.5
57.5
24.8
15.2
165.3
44.8
54.5
169.9
47.9
55.3
170.9
48.3
55.6
2.2
(1)
2.0
(*)
* 9
45.5
5.5
52.2
5.6
52.7
213.3
20.3
227.6
21.4
224.4
(*)
8.2
8.0
(*)
7.9
(1)
(D
(1)
(1)
23.3
5.3
28. 4
5.3
28. 8
5.6
101.7
16.3
109.0
17.5
108.0
15.7
47.7
47.1
(D
(D
11)
V •#
*
• #
(D
(D
9.2
(D
1.4
d)
(D
11.6
(1)
(1)
9.1
199.9 204.9 202.4 1,346.5 1,371.7 1,370.3
10.7
108.2
9.9
10.0
108.2
107.5
12.7
2. 4
2.7
2. 5
12.9
13.1
(D
382.6
382.3
57. 1 57.3
(1)
382. 5
55.6
i */
3.6
4. 1
43.6
4.2
45.2
43.7
d)
41.3
10.3
10.5
8.8
41.6
40.0
(D
2.7
19.2
2.7
3.8
9.4
19.6
18.8
59.0
7.8
7.2
7.9
58.8
57.7
d)
69.4
1.4
70.6
10.1
1o!3
70.3
13.2
453.7
69.8 69.9
66.5
452.6
449.9
d)
17.9
155.5
18.4
17.0
155.4
156.2
(D
248.4
51.7 50.6
4&.8
11.6
250.3
244.8
5.5
52.9
53.5
52.4
5.6
5.2
(D
27.C
2.2
2.2
2.8
26.9
26.1
<D
(1)
6.4
2. 1
6.9
7.0
2.1
6.8
38.8
17.9
60.9
38.8
18.4
63.7
38.6
d)
9. 1
1i.9
7.1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(D
d)
d)
d)
13.2
13.4
14.7
14.9
14.9
15.1
131.7
148.9
138.3
155.0
139.0
155.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
(D
(D
(D
69.2
10.6
<1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
8.3
d)
14.9
72.9
9.7
8. 3
16.9
72.5
9.6
8.5
16.9
384.0
18.4
25.0
100.8
387.5
18.7
25.4
102.4
387.9
18.8
25.5
102.5
235.3
26.4
51.4
2.7
(3)
C3)
2.7
(3)
(3)
2.6
(3)
(3)
13.4
14.2
2.7
3.6
14.3
2.6
3.4
24.1
24.1
2.7
2.9
2.6
7.4
2.6
7.3
24.6
2.7
7.3
1,673.4 1,709.0 1,713.6
163.6
163,7
162.5
188^4
187.2
185.9
347*2
346.0
342.6
333.1
343.5
345.0
9.4
1.1
1.6
.2
(1)
8.7
1.2
1.6
.2
6.4
1.2
1.6
.2
(D
90.3
5.9
11.4
13.3
20.7
90.8
5.8
11*6
13.2
21.3
520.4
56.0
(D
82.3
5.9
12.0
14.9
17.5
4 , 9 4 3 . 1 5,158,4 5,180*0 159.6 172.9 172.6 347.9 362,6 364.4
4.8
5.6
5.6
72.2
71.9
69.9
(D
(D
(D
13.2
13.2
11.6
216*0
213.2
203.2
(D
(D
(1)
.. .
15.0
14.7
16.4
144.0
142.9
144. 1
(D
(D
(D
11.5
11.2
9.4
4.3
4.3
107.4
4.1
107.6
103.7
61.1 61.2
16.4
56.8
16.3
14.2
1 , 2 0 5 . 1 1,256.3 1,261*0
8.6
141.1
8.3
8.5
144.7
144.6
(D
(D
M)
5.9
5.6
5.0
72.5
72.7
69.3
(U
(D
(1)
909.0
8.6
23.2
41.6
12.9
270. 1
28.1
11.9
389.5
400.2
405.6
417.9
406.4
419.0
1,097.4 1 , 118.6 1,129.6
133.1
134.3
131.6
171.7
170.5
166.3
250.8
251.0
245.0
230.1
27.3
50.5
235.3
27.0
51.5
1.3
(1)
(1)
(D
1.2
1.2
52.3
61.7
82.1
18.2
64.8
530.1
55.1
53.2
63.9
83.0
526.4
54.8
52.2
63.7
83.0
955.6
959.1
9.1
26.3
41.6
13.2
285.4
29.4
11.9
9.1
26.1
41.5
13.2
284.3
29.3
11.7
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B 8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
-inance, insurance,
and real estate
Wholesale and retail trade
public utilities
OCT.
1977
SEPT. OCT.
1978 1978P
OCT.
1977
SEPT
1978
OCT.
1978P
0C3
1C5.2
1C9.5 109. 9
432.*
435. 3
4
7
2
7
418.3
13.3
70.1
71.1
46.6
84.
2.
18.
16.
13.
15. 2
3. 9
63.7
19.1
65.7
19.9
221.3 223.2 230. 8
14. 6
13.8
14.2
932.9
58.1
32.4
132.8
204. 1
114.9
72.6
67.3
45.0
962.5
61.3
33.8
135.3
209.2
117.2
74*8
69.6
46.3
3.3
3.4
27.2
20.2
10.7
27.6
21.2
11.7
14.0
15.2
3.7
4.C
3,
27.
21.
11,
13.9
71.7
72.7
47.7
14.
72.
73.
47.
2
3
6
9
65. 9
20. 2
1977
SEPT. OCT.
1978 1978P
1
4
6
2
7
84.5
10. 1
3. 4
10.7
2.4
18.7
16.4
13.8
84.
2.
18.
16.
14.
3
4
7
7
0
3.6
10. 7
3. 7
962. 0 185. 3 193.8
193. 0
61. 2
33. 6
135. 8
209. 1
118. 2
75. 2
70. 1
46. 1
9.
5.
29.
45.
31.
12.
9.
6.
0
6
9
3
7
0
9
9
9.4
5.9
9.
5.
30.
45.
33.
12.
10.
6.
Government
Services
3
9
2
8
7
6
5
9
OCT.
1977
297 . 8
11 . 0
44 . 0
50 . 1
48 . 7
43 . 0
12 . 3
742
45
25
106
168
91
63
54
34
.3
.7
.4
.5
.2
.6
.9
SEPT.
1978
312 .7
11 .4
46 .5
52 . 7
50 . 0
OCT.
1977
SEPT
1978
313.4
11.3
46.3
52.7
51.4
359.7
11.3
36. 1
41.6
64.6
364.3
11.9
37.2
41.6
66.8
368.3
12.1
37.6
43.2
67.3
OCT.
1978P
1
2
3
4
5
44.9
12.7
58.8
11.8
58.3
11.6
59.6
12.0
6
7
.9
.9
.1
.3
.7
.5
.1
.5
.5
771.9
47.7
26.2
112.5
177.4
94.8
67.2
57.7
35.6
644.4
41.2
17.5
79.9
118.0
95.2
63.9
45.8
25.2
610.3
38.7
8
16.7
80.4
104.6
90.7
62.2
4C.9
24.7
645.2
42.0
17.0
81.6
114.8
94.5
65.4
45.6
25.9
44 . 7
12 . 0
774
47
26
113
176
94
66
57
36
OCT.
1978P
7.2
7.1
32.6
46.0
23.5
12.6
20.0
9.9
34.2
47.8
24.6
13.4
20.7
10.1
7. 7
3 4. 2
48. 5
25. 1
13. 4
21. 3
10. 4
59.6
20.5
19.6
61.3
21.4
19.9
61. 0
21. 4
19. 9
235.7
85.6
63.4
246.6
90.1
64. 4
244. 9
89. 7
64. 0
49, 6
21. 7
13. 3
51.6
23.2
13.7
51. 3
23. 1
13. 8
162 . 7
57 . 1
50 . 8
175 . 7
63 . 0
53 . 6
174.0
63.3
53.8
217.5
82.8
27.8
223.8
89.2
28.2
227.7
89.9
28.3
55.0
58.3
229.4
24.3
244.4
24.5
58. 5
62.8
4. 8
4.9
165 . 3
17 . 4
174 . 5
17 . 7
189.7
21.8
187.8
21.4
196.1
)
62. 9
(*)
174.4
5.1
58. 6
(*)
243. 4
4.9
32.7
34.7
3.2
34. 8
3. 3
126.4
17.1
135.0
17.7
135. 2
17. 7
38. 0
4. 9
40.1
3.0
40. 1
5. 1
96 . 6
12 . 8
101 . 9
13 . 0
102.4
13.0
77.8
25.8
76.8
26.3
79.3
26.6
936.7
45.6
11.4
325.4
21.5
40.6
16.5
31. 1
49.0
406.2
156.5
199.5
25.1
18.8
25.5
9.0 i
29.9
937.1
46. 8 i
11.6
323.1
22.1
40.9
16.1
30.4
48.7
406.8
157.3
205.0
25. 1
18. 1
25.9
10.1
31.3
950. 4 219. 3 226.8 227. 8
8. 1
1. 4
101. 2
4. 7
12. 0
3. 8
4. 6
9. 2
1 16.8
66. 9
43. 1
5. 6
3. 4
5. 0
2. 0
3. 8
879 .5
40 . 2
7 .9
351 . 1
19 . 8
36 . 6
15 . 2
22 . 0
40 . 6
407 . 2
200 . 9
188 . 1
21 .6
16 . 3
17 . 7
7 .7
19 .4
890 . 8
40 . 8
8 .2
362 . 4
19 . 8
36 . 6
15 . 3
22 . 2
40 . 4
423 . 8
205 . 4
187 . 1
22 . 2
16 . 4
17 . 0
7 .7
19 . 3
904.6
41.0
720.0
37.6
7 08.6
37.5
704.6
38.3
73 . 5
70 . 6
77 . 3
9
259.6 259.5 260. 9
13.4
13. 5
12.6
8.
82.
5.
14.
5.
6.
12.
97.
55.
56.
6.
4.
8.2
8.2
82.2
5.2
5.3
15. 1
15.0
5.6
6.4
5.7
6.7
12.5
97.0
55.3
57.8
12.8
96.9
54.8
56.1
6.4
4.3
6.2
2.3
6.6
6.4
4.4
6.5
2.4
6.8
13.7
13.5
13.6
13. 7
78.9
13.5
13. 6
78.5
81.2
81.8
81. 2
81. 7
44.9
49.4
8.6
8.9
9*8
49.
8.
9.
9.
7
4
0
8
201.8
28.4
35.2
46.3
210.8
28.5
35.9
47.5
208. 8
7.2
8.4
9.5
28. 5
35. 9
47. 4
41.
5.
12.
8.
12. 1
12.8
63.0
64.3
1.8
3.9
1.9
4.0
12. 7
1. 8
4. 1
7.7
7.7
63. 5
7. 6
15. 6
79. 1
81.8
6.3
7.6
6.3
7.7
23.9
17.7
25.C
18.6
62.
6.
7.
25.
18.
1
2
7
1
6
15.6
355.9
29.7 |
37.9
90.5
74.4
15.7
367.7
29.9
38.1
91.4
77.3
7.0
5.1
8.1
7. 9
46* 8
1.4
11. 4
1. 4
330. 7 9 9 . 6 10U0
22. 0
4. 5
4.6
41. 5
11.9
11. 5
3.8
16. 2
3. 6
31. 0
4.6
4. 4
49. 0
9.2
8. 8
415. 5 113. 8 116.5
160, 6 6 5 . 7 67.0
204. 6 4 1 . 9 43.1
25. 2
5.7
5. 2
3.4
18. 3
3. 3
4.9
25. 8
4. 7
2.0
1. 8
10. 2
31. 1
3.9
3. 6
81.8
2
8
4
8
6
9
7
7
1
4
5
4
6 •5
2. 4
6. 6
30.3
46.2
33.6
12.6
10.5
369. 8
29.
38.
91.
77.
8
3
6
8
19. 5
19. 4
20.2
20.5
20. 1
20. 6
6
6
2
7
44.3
44.
5.
13.
9.
10. 1
1. 2
2. 8
10.6
4
4
9
71.5
7
19.0
19.8
70.
8.
6.
18.
19.
8
6.0
13.2
9.2
1.2
2.9
8.6
7.0
2
9
2
1
10. 4
1. 2
2. 9
71.
8.
7.
18.
20.
0
6
0
8
1
312.9 330.0 330. 9 1 ,213.4 1 . 256.8 1 , 2 5 9 . 8 275. 9 289.4 290. 4
6.8
6.9
6. 9
21.1
3. 6
21. 2
3.6
3. 5
20.9
6.4
6.8
6. 8
44. 3
12.7
42.4
12. 7
44.0
11. 6
11. 2
5. 4
29. 4
5.4
29.5
29.5
10.5
11.0
5. 1
6.4
6.1
6. 2
5. 6
25. 6
5.7
25.6
5. 3
25.4
85. 0
333. 1 9 0 . 3 95.2 3 5 . 2
333.3
322.4
84.6
79.4
9. 2
9.2
9.2
7. 2
36. 0
7.2
36.3
6. 8
35.9
7. 3
7.4
7.0
12.7
13. 3
4. 9
4.9
1 3 . 5l
4. 6
.1
.2
(*)
8.0
368.1
19.9
35.8
15.2
22.1
40.4
429.0
209.4
188.0
22.6
16.1
17.5
7.4
234.9
14.4
54.7
14.0
14.2
37.4
292.5
146.0
125.8
18.9
11.2
19.5
7.8
230.7
14.3
55.2
14.9
13.7
37.6
290.0
148.5
126.2
19.5
10.9
19.5
W
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
(*)
8.0
232.1
14.8
55.5
15.4
14.2
38.6
291.0
142.4
127.0
20.2
10.8
20.4
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
7.7
5.7
5.9
5.9
19.5
17.0
16.6
17.2
40
41
74 . 8
77.6
75.2
59.0
55.9
60.3
57.4
59.9
56.9
42
43
138 . 6
20 . 6
25 . 5
33 . 0
141.1
20.4
25.8
33.0
218.0
41.6
52.1
32.2
213.2
41.0
53.3
32.2
223.5
42.7
53.8
32.1
44
45
46
47
51 . 7
5 .8
11 . 3
51.6
55.9
54.9
55.6
5.4
5.4
6.4
5.1
6.7
5.1
6.7
48
49
50
.1
.7
.7
.9
.2
257 . 3
25 . 7
27 . 8
67 . 7
61 . 0
257.4
25.9
27.9
68.1
60.8
298.8
29.4
39.9
65.8
60.4
301.6
31.0
40.4
65.5
63.1
307.7
31.3
42.1
66.5
63.4
850 . 7
13 .3
33 . 9
22 .2
17 . 1
208 .9
24 . 9
10 . 2
887 . 4
13 . 4
35 . 1
22 . 0
17 . 5
219 . 9
24 . 9
11 . 1
885.7
13.3
35.3
22.5
17.5
219.8
24.9
10.9
873.7
12.0
74.1
18.8
23.4
163.0
27,9
17.9
903.7
12.2
75.3
18.8
23.7
161.6
29.2
18.5
917.1
12.5
77.4
18.9
23.5
164.9
29.4
18.3
136
19
25
32
.0
.8
.1
.6
48 . 8 !
5 .9
11 . 5
257
25
27
66
61
11.4
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
81
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8.
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division —Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Total
State and area
TEXAS—Continued
Houston
Lubbock
San Antonio
Waco
SEPT OCT.
1978 1978P
OCT.
1977
53.2 130.3 140.3 140.6
5.6
5.1
(1)
5.3
24.5
1.8 21.8
24.3
3.9
3.3
3.9
d)
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.5
191.4
14.3
43.1
15.9
8.5
204.7
13.4
45.2
16.1
9.2
204.9
13.2
45.4
16.0
9.0
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
1977
SEPT, OCT.
1978 1978P
1,186.9 1 , 2 4 9 . 3 1 , 2 5 5 . 1
87.5
86.6
85.4
356.7
357.1
344.6
66.5
66.4
65.0
49.2
49.6
48.3
51.1
(1)
1.8
52.3
OCT.
1977
SEPT.
1978
(D
1.8
OCT.
1977
(D
2.5
16.0
7.0
2.6
16.9
7.4
16.6
7.3
35.5
24.4
38.7
26.6
38.1
26.5
77.0
51.3
81.5
54.4
82.C
54.2
9.7
9.6
9.5
44.3
11.0
5.5
48.3
12.6
6.0
48.5
12.6
6.0
119.2 128.2 128.9
1.2
1.0
1.3
3.3
3.6
3.2
7.0
5.9
6.9
18.2
16.0
16.3
.4
27.5
26.1
27.6
2.2
2.3
2.2
(D
18.8
18.5
18.8
.4
5.9
5.9
6.0
.2
408.0
8.5
28.5
35.2
28.5
14.4
12.4
52.9
21.4
412.4
9.2
28.7
33.1
29.1
15.2
12.2
54.4
21.5
413.1
9.3
28.7
32.8
29.1
15.2
12.3
54.6
21.6
296.9
15C.4 |
16.8
21.5 j
j
126.8 j
19.4 !
28.6 |
501.5
358.0
530.1
377.9
534.3
380.2
VERMONT
Burlington .1.s.
Springfield .\ 5 .
181.4
47.8
13.4
188.5
50.3
14.1
188.8
51.1
14.1
.7
.7
.7
1,947.6 2,016.6 2,037.2
26.2
24.9
26.0
66.0
65.9
64.3
140.6
135.8
140.3
269.6
269.3
260.1
398.5
397.6
379.8
44.9
44.5
44.5
312.4
312.2
302.1
102.1
99.5
99.7
22.6
16.2
23.0
Bristol
Lynchburg
Newport News—Hampton
Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth
Northern Virginia f ?
Petersburg-Colonial Heights-Hopewell
Richmond
Roanoke
WASHINGTON . . .
Seattle-Everett .
Spokane
Tacoma
WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston
Huntington—Ashland ,
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
29 WISCONSIN. .
Appleton—Oshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Casper . . .
Cheyenne
1
(D
d)
(1)
(D
.4
(1)
.4
(D
(D
.3
.2
.4
.2
2.5
(1)
(D
(D
(D
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
81.9
35.0
6.4
7.1
93.5
43.4
8.1
8. 1
*•)
<*)
(*)
(•)
261.3
117.3
15.9
21.0
74*6
6.6
1.0
.5
7.3
65.8
6.7
.6
.5
7.2
73.6
6.7
1.0
.5
7.1
40.1
7.8
6.6
3.1
3.6
39.9
7.6
6.1
3.1
3.8
40. 1
7.7
6.2
3.3
3.8
126.2
19.5
28.2
15.9
14.5
1,834.5 1,915.0 1,926.2
119.1
117.7
113.5
41.9
41.8
41.7
74.0
73.1
71.6
43.2
42.5
40.9
42.0
41.6
40.3
158.0
156.6
154.4
646.8
641.1
626.8
68.9
69.0
67.0
2.6
2.7
(1)
2.7
(1)
(D
(D
83.9
5.1
1.8
3.6
1.2
2.0
8.1
23.7
2.6
99.8 101.2
5.9
5.7
1.6
1.6
3.8
3.8
1.4
1.3
2.2
2. 1
7.8
8.0
26.5
26.4
2.9
2.9
540.1
44.7
8.7
21.0
16.3
10.1
18.4
2C2.1
28.4
189.2
35.1
28.0
26.1
5.9
30.0
6.9
d)
18.7
3.2
1.8
20.4
4.0
2.0
20.3
4.1
2.1
9.7
1.7
1.6
(*)
(•)
(•)
(*)
2.2
620.0
108.0
99.3
54.0
65.6
628.4
108.6
100.4
54.3
66.4
174.1
31.3
24.6
190,6
35.1
27.4
d)
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
d)
<U
(D
d)
(D
(1)
(1)
(1)
(D
(D
d)
(D
(1)
(D
(D
(D
Combined with services.
Based on 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual and adjusted to 1977
benchmark; not strictly comparable with previously published data.
3
Combined with construction.
4
Area included in Chicago-Gary Standard Consolidated Statistical Area.
5
Revised to 1978 benchmark; not strictly comparable with previously published data.
6
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey.
7
Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey.
8
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
9
Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.
°
(D
(1)
2
I
(D
(D
d)
(D
(D
(1)
1,372.5 1,478.2
633.1
701.2
114.1
119.9
125.7
130.8
625.8
108.7
99.6
53.0
65.8
Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
29.9
7. 1
(D
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania.
(*)
(*)
(•)
(•)
13.9 |
125.8
19.3
28.4
16.9
13.9
567.8 |
47.4 I
8.5 j
21.6
18.1 j
10.5
18.7
209.0
29.6
563.0
47.2
8.6
21.2
18.1
10.5
18.2
209.9
29.7
16.9 I
9.2
1.8
1.6
9.9
1.8
1.6
12
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Philadelphia County.
13
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lackawanna County.
14
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Luzerne County.
15
Total includes data for industry divisions not shown separately.
16
Subarea of Washington, D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Alexandria,
Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun,
and Prince William Counties, Virginia.
p=preliminary.
Not available.
I I
82
OCT.
1978P
(D
UTAH
Salt Lake City-Ogden
VIRGINIA
SEPT.
1978
SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE A N D AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division-Continued
Transportation and
OCT.
1977
SEPT. OCT.
1978 1978P
OCT.
1977
87.2
92.5
92.7
SEPT.
1978
OCT.
1977
SEPT. OCT.
1978 1978P
308.2
26.5
87.5
15.4
12.5
310.3
26.9
87.7
15.6
12.4
70.0
76.1
89.8
63.1
89.6
63.1
114.0
83.5
1 16.0
84.3
120.2
86.3
6
7
7.5
-
7.3
-
40.8
10.3
41.6
10.8
41.6
10.9
32.6
32.2
32.7
8
2.6
2.6
2.6
-
-
91.0
94.2
93.8
.8
2.8
4.3
.9
2.9
4.6
.9
2.9
4.5
330.5
3. 1
12.9
24.0
13.2
25.6
1.1
1.1
23.1
23.5
5.5
5.8
77.2
45.5
83.7
48.9
7.4
6.2
123.6
24.4
21. 1
11.6
15.3
11.2
34.8
139.4
12.7
443.2
24.3
11.0
18.0
8. 1
11.5
35.2
142.6
12.8
43.2
43.0
9.7
6.5
9.8
6.9
32.8
25.7
122.4
90.2
129.7
96.0
8.4
8.7
2.2
.8
8.8
2.2
.8
38.0
10.1
106.9 104.0
.8
.9
2.4
2.5
3.8
2.3
3.8
2.3
130.0
96.7
22.6
18.8
24.8
20.3
40.0
10.9
39.8
10.8
2.2
2.3
2.3
7.1
-
110. 2
406.6
419.9
424.7
6.1
5.9
6.0
4.8
.8
2.4
4.8
16.5
27.6
17.3
27.5
10.5
24.4
63.7
90.8
1.3
1.4
1.3
8.2
18.2
10.0
18.6
18.6
6.8
9.5
69.3
23.5
78.5
44.8
85.6
48.0
7.5
5.9
7.9
6.3
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
3 39.7
159.6
31.5
29.8
368.7
172.9
33.5
32.7
41.2
39.0
41. 1
9.0
9.5
2.4
3.7
9.1
9.1
2.5
3.7
123.3
24.3
20.6
11.4
14.3
123.5
24.1
20.7
11.6
14.9
87.9
89.8
4.2
2.4
4.4
1.5
2.1
5.4
4.0
2.4
4.5
1.4
2.2
5.4
436.3
23.8
10.8
17.4
32.5
33.2
33.5
2.7
2.6
2.5
417. 1
23.0
10.4
17.0
7.9
10.7
33.3
136.2
12.3
13.3
2. 1
3.4
5.4
14.3
14.2
38.4
2.3
3.7
2.3
3.7
8.1
5.9
2
3
4
83.7
58.5
32.8
25,8
3.7
2.2
2. 1
137.1
18.4
89.8
10.8
10.4
24.8
20.3
30.3
24.2
4.2
24.5
2.4
4.5
1.6
136.0
18.1
90.8
10.9
10.4
7.5
3.2
2.5
4.2
24.5
90.9
4. 1
239.6
14.4
66.9
13.2
7.5
3.2
2.5
76.7
3.9
23.2
9.2
9.3
2.5
3.7
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
1977
7.3
3.2
2.4
293.4
26.1
86.2
15.0
12.4
17. 1
26.4
SEPT,
1978
OCT.
1978P
133.9
17.5
88.7
10.9
10.5
4.8
16. 1
4.5
SEPT.
1978
239.2
14.3
66.9
13.1
4.8
16.1
.7
OCT.
1977
229.6
13.9
64.7
13.0
4.6
2. 1
Government
Services
OCT.
1978P
15.1
I
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Wholesale and retail trade
public utilities
10.7
26.0
65.3
95.6
8. 1
70.2
24.5
8.0
10.9
26.2
65.4
96.4
8. 1
70.4
24.8
(*)
I*)
(*)
(•)
349.3
3. 1
347.2
3. 1
-
1
5
9
10
462.8
492.4
496.3
4.5
8.3
4.8
9.0
4.9
9.0
38.0
79.5
111.8
14.3
74.2
16.6
11
12
13
8.5
8.6
8.8
24.3
45.1
88.0
26.9
47.4
93.8
26.3
46.2
93.6
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.8
51.5
17.7
52.1
18. 1
52.0
18.2
37.2
76.8
109.7
14.0
68.3
15.5
8.2
6.5
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
251.2
121.4
25.8
25.8
277.6
133.5
26.4
29.7
(*)
(*)
(•)
{*)
28C.5
109.5
19.6
29.9
269.7
104.1
19.0
26.0
19.8
20.1
20.1
4.6
3.6
1.8
2.4
4.7
3.6
1.9
2.4
4.7
3.6
1.9
2.4
87.3
18.2
13.2
8. 1
12.5
89.2
18.2
13.9
89.0
18.3
13.9
113.3
18.7
16.9
115.9
18.1
16.5
8.0
8.1
12.4
12.5
9.7
7.6
80.3
84.4
84.6
4.4
1.3
2.4
.8
.9
4.5
1.4
2.6
.9
.9
4.6
1.3
2.6
.9
.9
326.7
17.4
343.5
18.1
342.6
18.1
295.9
14.8
290.7
14.2
298.1
14.9
8.8
9.8
8.8
31
10.1
32
33
34
10.3
32.2
11.2
33.3
11.3
33.3
2.0
2.3
2.2
6.2
1.3
1.4
6.2
1.3
1.4
5.7
1.3
1.4
13. 1
25.3
1. 1
23.4
9.7
7.3
39.0
80.3
112.6
14.6
74.2
16.1
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
115.0
18.4
16.9
9.6
7.6
8.0
8.2
8.2
9.1
13.2
13.4
13.7
10.1
7.2
8.3
7.3
8.6
7.2
8.6
5.9
6.3
5.5
5.9
6.1
25.9
129.5
10.4
53.5
75.6
52.9
71.0
8.9
8.4
6.2
54.3
71.6
8.4
24.6
39.1
40.6
4.5
4.3
4.5
6.6
4.4
8.0
25.4
124.4
10.2
23.1
4.5
3.9
25.6
128.7
10.6
26.8
4.5 !
4.2 i
41.0
4.4
8.0
83
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
35
36
37
38
39
40
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1957 to date
Average
Year and
month
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Total private1
1957. . .
1958...
1959?..
1960. . .
1961. . .
1962...
1963. . .
1964. . .
1965. . .
1966. . .
1967. . .
1968...
1969. • •
1970. . .
1971. . .
197 2...
1973. . .
1974. . .
1975. . .
1976. . .
1977. . .
Nov .
Dec .
1978:
Jan .
Feb .
Mar .
Apr .
May .
June .
July .
Aug .
Sept .
Oct p .
§#:
Nov P .
$73. 33
7 5. 08
78. 78
80. 67
82. 60
8 5. 91
88.46
91. 33
95. 45
98.82
101. 84
107. 73
114. 61
119.83
127. 31
13 6. 90
145. 39
154. 76
163. 53
175. 45
188. 64
193. 86
195. 48
38. 8
38. 5
39. 0
38. 6
38. 6
38. 7
38.8
38. 7
38.8
38. 6
38. 0
37.8
37. 7
37. 1
36.9
37. 0
36. 9
36. 5
36. 1
36. 1
36. 0
35. 9
36. 2
$1.89
1.95
2. 02
2. 09
2. 14
2.22
2.28
2. 36
2.46
2. 56
2. 68
2.85
3. 04
3.23
3.45
3. 70
3. 94
4. 24
4. 53
4. 8 6
5.24
5. 40
5. 40
& 98. 25
96. 08
103. 68
:
l05. 04
,106.92
"110. 70
114.40
117. 74
123. 52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80
164.40
172. 14
189. 14
200. 98
219. 14
249. 31
273.90
301.20
317. 80
289. 08
192. 00
193. 80
197. 62
200. 12
200. 63
204. 53
206. 55
206. 70
209. 52
210. 37
210. 15
35. 1
35. 3
35. 8
35. 8
35. 7
36. 2
36. 3
36.2
36. 0
3 5. 9
35. 8
5. 47
5. 49
5. 52
5. 59
5. 62
5. 65
5.69
5. 71
5. 82
5. 86
5. 87
289. 53
297. 30
301. 63
332. 23
331. 58
336. 05
337. 82
338. 09
345. 39
349. 09
349. 43
1
$ 118. 78
125. 14
128. 13
130.82
C
138.85
147. 74
155. 93
168.82
187.86
203. 31
217. 48
233.44
256. 71
278.90
291. 45
293, 06
41. 1
41. 3
41. 2
40. 5
C
40. 6
40. 7
40. 5
40. 1
40. 4
40. 5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39. 9
40. 2
40. 2
$2.89
3. 03
3. 11
3.23
3.42
3. 63
3.85
4.21
4. 65
5. 02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6. 99
7. 2 5
7. 29
289. 20
294. 80
294. 33
296. 51
297. 26
301. 04
301. 20
307. 49
309. 94
309. 97
309. 57
39.4
40. 0
40. 1
39. 8
39. 9
40. 3
40. 0
40. 3
40. 2
40. 1
40. 1
7. 34
7. 37
7. 34
7.45
7. 45
7. 47
7. 53
7. 63
7. 71
7. 73
7. 72
146. 19
146. 64
149. 11
150. 42
150. 75
153. 38
157. 04
156. 45
155. 47
156. 31
156. 15
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
40. 1 $°2.45
2.47
38.9
40. 5 2. 56
40. 4 = 2. 60
40. 5 2. 64
C
41. 0 2. 70
41. 6 2. 75
41. 9 2.81
42. 3 2.92
42. 7 3. 05
42. 6 3. 19
42. 6 3. 35
43. 0 3. 60
42. 7 3.85
42. 4 4. 06
42. 6 4. 44
42. 4 4. 74
41. 9 5. 23
41. 9 5.95
42. 4 6. 46
43. 4 6. 94
44. 2 7. 19
42. 7 6. 77
41.
42.
43.
43.
43.
43.
43.
43.
43.
43.
43.
3
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Hourly
arnings excl.
overtime
Manufacturing
9
9
4
6
4
7
2
4
5
8
3
6.
6.
6.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
8.
91
93
95
62
64
69
82
79
94
97
07
Wholesale and
retail trade
$59. 60
61. 76
64. 41
66.01
67.41
69. 91
72.01
C
74. 66
76. 91
79. 39
82. 35
87. 00
91. 39
96. 02
101. 09
106.45
111. 76
119. 02
126.45
133. 79
142.19
144. 10
146. 29
2Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959.
Weekly
earnings
Mining
Transportation and
public utilities
1957. . .
1958. . .
1959? . .
1960. . .
1961. . .
1962. . .
1963. . .
1964...
1965. . .
1966. . .
1967. . .
1968- . .
1969- • •
197 0. . .
1971. . .
1972. . .
1973. . .
1974. . .
1975. . .
1976. . .
1977...
Nov .
Dec .
1978:
Jan .
Feb .
Mar .
Apr ,
May .
June .
July .
Aug .
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
hours
37. 0
36. 8
37. 0
36. 7
36.9
37. 0
37. 3
37.2
37.4
C
37. 6
37. 7
37. 3
37. 9
37. 3
37.2
36. 5
36. 8
36. 6
36.4
36. 8
36. 5
36. 1
36. 1
275. 22
287. 87
304. 92
310. 43
312.68
324.42
329. 67
330. 49
332. 63
336. 93
324. 85
33. 0
34. 6
36. 3
37. 0
36. 7
3 7. 9
3 8. 2
37. 9
37. 5
3 7. 9
36. 5
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
8.
$c2.04
C
2.10
2. 19
2.26
2. 32
2.39
C
2.45
2. 53
2. 61
2. 71
2.82
3. 01
3. 19
3. 35
3. 57
3.82
4. 09
4. 43
4.83
5.22
5. 67
5. 85
5.92
$1. 98
2. 05
2. 12
2. 19
2.25
2. 31
2. 37
2.43
2. 50
2. 59
2. 71
2.88
3. 05
3.23
3.45
3. 66
3. 91
4.25
4. 67
5. 02
5.44
5. 60
5. 67
2
6
4
4
4
8
3
4
7
6
8
5.97
5. 98
6. 00
6. 03
6. 07
6. 11
6. 17
6. 16
6. 28
6. 33
6. 37
5. 73
5. 73
5. 75
5. 79
5. 82
5. 85
5. 92
5. 90
5. 99
6. 04
6. 09
39.8
39.2
40. 3
39.7
39.8
40.4
40. 5
40.7
41. 2
41. 4
40. 6
40. 7
40. 6
39.8
39. 9
40. 5
40. 7
40. 0
39. 5
40. 1
40. 3
40. 7
41. 1
34
32
40
39
52
56
63
72
87
89
90
234. 02
236. 81
242. 40
243.61
245. 23
249. 29
248. 65
248. 86
255. 60
257. 00
259. 90
39.
39.
40.
40.
40.
40.
40.
40.
40.
40.
40.
$2. 71
2.82
2.93
C
3.07
3.20
3. 31
3. 41
3. 55
3. 70
3.89
4. 11
4. 41
4. 79
5. 24
5. 69
6. 06
6.41
6. 81
7. 31
7. 70
8. 09
8. 26
8. 29
$ 81.19
C
82.32
88.26
89. 72
92. 34
96. 56
C
99. 23
102.97
107. 53
112. 19
114.49
122. 51
129. 51
133. 33
142.44
154. 71
166.46
177. 20
190. 79
209. 32
228.50
2 3 8. 10
243.31
Finance, insurance, 1
real estate
38. 7 $ 1. 54
38. 6 1. 60
38. 8 1. 66
38. 6 1. 71
38. 3 1. 76
1.83
38.2
38. 1 1.89
C
37.9
1. 97
37. 7 2. 04
37. 1 2. 14
36. 6 2. 25
36. 1 2. 41
35. 7 2. 56
35. 3 2. 72
35. 1 2.88
34. 9 3. 05
34. 6 3.23
34. 2 3.48
33. 9 3. 73
33. 7 3. 97
33. 3 4.27
32. 9 4. 3 8
33. 4 4. 38
32. 2
32.3
32. 7
32. 7
32. 7
33. 2
33. 7
33. 5
32. 8
32. 7
32. 6
$100. 27
103. 78
108.41
C
112.67
118. 08
122.47
127. 19
132.06
138. 38
C
146.26
154. 95
164. 49
181. 54
195.45
211. 67
221. 19
235.89
249. 25
266. 08
283.36
295. 29
298. 19
299. 27
C
4. 54
4. 54
4. 56
4. 60
4.61
4.62
4. 66
4. 67
4. 74
4. 78
4. 79
$67.53
70. 12
72. 74
75. 14
77. 12
80. 94
84.3 8
85. 79
88. 91
92. 13
95. 72
101. 75
108. 70
112. 67
117. 85
122.98
129.20
137. 61
148. 19
155. 43
165.26
168. 53
169. 99
36. 7
37. 1
37. 3
37.2
36. 9
37. 3
37. 5
37. 3
37.2
37. 3
37. 1
37. 0
37. 1
36. 7
36. 6
36. 6
36. 6
36. 5
36. 5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.4
$ 1.84
1.89
1.95
2. 02
2. 09
2. 17
2.25
2. 30
2.39
2. 47
2. 58
2. 75
2.93
3. 07
3. 22
3. 36
3. 53
3. 77
4. 06
4.27
4. 54
4. 63
4 67
$70. 03
73. 60
77. 04
8 0. 38
83. 97
90. 57
96. 66
103. 06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134. 67
143. 52
153.45
157. 26
158. 40
36. 1
35. 9
35. 5
35. 1
34. 7
34. 7
34.4
33. 9
33. 9
33.8
33. 6
33. 5
33. 3
33. 0
32. 9
33.0
$1. 94
2. 05
2. 17
2.29
2.42
2. 61
2.81
3. 04
3. 27
3.47
3. 75
4. 02
4. 31
4.65
4. 78
4. 80
173. 26
173. 26
172. 79
177. 14
176. 06
178. 49
180. 93
179. 71
180. 91
184. 10
182. 23
36, 4
36.4
36. 3
36.6
36. 3
36. 5
36. 7
36. 6
36. 4
36. 6
36. 3
4. 76
4. 76
4. 76
4. 84
4. 85
4. 89
4.93
4. 91
4. 97
5. 03
5. 02
160. 39
160. 56
161. 05
162. 36
161. 37
162. 69
164. 84
164. 01
165.46
167. 10
167. 24
32. 8
32. 7
32. 8
32. 8
32. 6
33.0
33. 3
33. 2
32. 7
32. 7
32. 6
4. 89
4. 91
4.91
4.95
4. 95
4.93
4. 95
4. 94
5. 06
5. 11
5. 13
Prior to January 1956, data were based on the application of adjustment factors to gross average
hourly earnings. (See Explanatory Note.)
p = preliminary.
c= corrected.
85
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Industry
Oct.
1977
Code
Sept.
1978
$194.58 $193.86 $209.52
TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING
Nov.
1977
317.02
.
317.80
345.39
Oct
1978P
Nov
1978 P
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
Oct
1978 P
Nov.
1978 P
$210.37 $210.15
$5.39
$5.40
$5.82
$5.86
$5.87
349. 09
349.43
7. 14
7.19
7. 94
7.97
8. 07
-
7.57
7.55
7. 90
7. 67
7.47
7.88
8.59
8.84
8.72
8. 63
8.80
8.86
8.49
8.51
9. 87
9.90
q.84
9.87
305.83
326.16
297.04
309»10
331.67
296.29
359.06
373.05
362.75
359.87
366.08
367.69
371.76
372.65
374.41
375.29
394.80
396.00
400.49
401.71
8.43
8.45
2 94.45
293.40
325.06
327.67
6. 50
6.52
7. 16
7. 17
138
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and
natural gas liquids
Oil and gas field services
300.66
291.22
299.21
2 90.78
345.24
317.04
339. 02
323.27
7.28
6. 17
7.28
6.20
8.22
6. 76
8. 13
6.82
14
142
NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS . . .
Crushed and broken stone
272.40
269.56
269.25
262.48
299.10
301.11
302.61
302.73
6. 00
5.86
6.01
5.82
6.46
6.26
6.55
6.32
308.39
298.19
332.63
336.93
324.85
8.29
8.26
8.87
8.89
_
7.73
7.30
6.91
8.36
7.75
7. 31
6.87
8.40
8.26
7.86
7. 09
8. 91
8.30
7.89
7.24
8. 94
10
101
102
METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores
11, 12
12
COALMINING
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING
13
131,2
.. .
CONSTRUCTION
8.90
15
152
153
154
GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
284.46
269.37
247.38
306.81
279.00
2 62.43
243.89
304.08
295.71
278.24
258.79
322.54
299.63
282.46
259.19
327.20
16
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
309.25
310.67
308.44
286.48
271 32
294^57
346.51
340.63
349^00
351.54
346.81
355.06
7.77
7.45
7.97
7. 66
7 14
' • irt
7.94
8.39
7. 94
8*. 66
8.37
7 90
8,66
320.89
336.55
282.20
371.95
292.03
2 77.64
263.09
314. 16
328. 19
275.22
365.02
292.56
2 74.92
247.62
347.39
367.67
312.21
401.57
317.38
304.07
277.05
350. 02
368.05
311.66
401.19
324.05
305.95
276.76
8.84
8.88
8. 30
9.84
8.64
7.91
7.83
8.80
8.87
8.24
9. 76
8. 63
7. 90
7.69
9.44
9.65
8. 77
10.54
9.12
8.47
8.27
9.46
9.66
8.73
10. 53
9. 18
8.57
8. 14
236.29
238.10
255.60
257.00
259. 90
5. 82
5.85
6.28
6.33
DURABLE GOODS
256.89
258.75
277.79
279. 19
282.62
6.22
6.25
6. 71
6. 76
6.81
NONDURABLE GOODS
206.32
208.03
223.68
222.78
225.50
5.21
5.24
5. 62
5.64
5.68
228.85
5.26
7.04
5.46
5. 74
3. 72
5. 15
4.92
4 . 66
4.23
6.50
3.87
4.73
4.76
4.31
5.25
6.88
5.46
5.73
3. 74
5.19
4 . 94
4.73
4.23
6.57
3.85
4.81
4.83
4.36
5. 75
7.56
5.92
6.23
4. 04
5. 61
5.41
5. 06
4. 53
7. 13
4.23
5.34
5.32
4 . 70
5.76
7.56
5.92
6.24
4.04
5.64
5.43
5. 12
4.55
7. 13
4.22
5.39
5.38
4 . 70
5.75
4.44
4. 15
3.80
4.49
4.34
4.80
4.97
5.03
5.41
4.79
4.47
4 . 17
3.82
4.54
4.28
4.83
5. 06
5. 11
5.40
4.82
4.76
4.47
4 . 14
4.78
4.57
5. 10
5.24
5. 18
5.67
5.23
4 . 77
4.48
4 . 17
4.78
4.57
5.07
5.22
5. 16
5.76
5.24
4.79
Heavy construction, except highway
162
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
MANUFACTURING
24, 25,
32-39
20-23,
26-31
...
-
6.37
DURABLE GOODS
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members . . . .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
212.50
275.26
226.04
238.21
151.03
207.03
195.82
181.27
175. 12
271.05
149. 00
189.67
188.97
174.99
2 08.95
258.00
222.77
234.36
1 5 1 . 10
207.08
196.12
180.69
171.74
273.97
146.69
188.07
187.89
176.14
230.00
307.69
241.54
254.81
163.22
223.28
213.70
202.91
177.58
286.63
159.05
207.19
202.69
187.53
232.13
319.03
242.72
255.84
165.64
223.91
210.68
203.78
182.00
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
178.04
165.59
154.66
173.76
171.00
191.52
206.75
203.21
217.48
195.43
177.91
164.30
154.33
172.97
167.35
185.96
209. 99
205.42
216.00
198.58
187.54
174.33
161.87
184.99
175.95
201.96
212.22
217.04
229.64
206.06
188.42
175.62
166.38
184.99
175.03
196.72
211.41
214.14
228.67
205.41
See footnotes at end of table.
86
290. 90
161.20
211.29
207.67
188.47
—
-
-
188.73
—
—
—
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry —Continued
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Industry
1972
SIC
Code
Nov.
1978P
35. 9
3 6. 0
35.9
44.2
43.5
43.8
41.8
42.2
41.6
40. 0
40.0
40.7
40.7
45.4
45.7
42. 0
46. 9
41.7
47.4
46.3
48. 1
46.2
47.9
10
101
102
METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores
40.4
43.2
37.6
11, 12
12
COALMINING
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING .
44. 1
44. 1
13
131,2
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural
gas liquids
Oil and gas field services
45. 3
NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS .
Crushed and broken stone
45.4
46.0
41. 1
46. 9
44.8
45. 1
37.2
36. 1
CONSTRUCTION .
Sept.
1978
41. 7
41. 6
41. 5
44. 1
Nov.
1977
43. 3
40. 3
44.4
37. 6
Oct.
1977
35.8
44.4
MINING
Nov.
1977
36. 1
TOTAL PRIVATE
14
142
Oct
1978P
Oct.
1977
41. 3
47.2
Sept.
1978
1978 F
1978^
44. 1
45. 0
37. 5
37.9
36.5
15
152
153
154
GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS . . .
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
36.8
36.9
35.8
36.7
36. 0
35.9
35.5
36.2
35.8
35.4
36.5
36.2
36. 1
35.8
35.8
36.6
16
161
162
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
39.8
41. 7
38.7
37.4
38.0
37. 1
41.3
42. 9
40.3
42. 0
43.9
41. 0
17
17!
172
173
174
175
176
SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
36.3
37.9
34. 0
37.8
33.8
35. 1
33.6
35.7
37.0
33.4
37.4
33.9
34.8
32. 2
36.8
38. 1
35.6
38.1
34.8
35.9
33.5
37. 0
38. 1
35.7
38. 1
35.3
35.7
34. 0
40. 6
40 o 7
40.7
40. 6
40.8
3.7
3.6
3.9
3.8
3.8
41. 3
41.4
41.3
41. 5
4.0
3.9
4.2
4. 1
4. 1
39.6
39.7
39.£
39.5
39.7
3.3
3. 3
3.6
3.4
3.3
MANUFACTURING
24, 25,
32-39
20-23,
26-31
DURABLE GOODS
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Logging camps and logging contractors . .
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural member
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
40.4
39. 1
41.4
41.5
40. 6
40.2
39.8
38.9
41.4
41. 7
38.5
40. 1
39.7
40. 6
39.8
37.5
40.8
40. 9
40.4
39. 9
39.7
38.2
40.6
41.7
38. 1
39. 1
38. 9
40.4
40.0
40. 7
40.8
40. 9
40.4
39.8
39.5
40. 1
39.2
40.2
37.6
38.8
38. 1
39.9
40. 3
42.2
41. 0
41.0
41.0
39.7
38.8
39.8
40. 0
40.8
38.2
39.2
38.6
40. 1
39- e
4.0
4.5
4.7
4. 9
3. 9
3.6
2. 7
2.9
4.4
5.3
3. 1
2. 9
2.8
3. 7
3. 6
3.4
4.4
4. 5
3.8
3. 3
2. 6
2.3
4. 0
4.9
2.8
2.5
2.5
3.6
3.9
4. 9
4.6
4.8
3.9
3.4
2.6
2. 6
3.8
4.9
3. 1
2. 7
2. 0
3.8
4. 0
5.6
4.8
5. 0
3.9
3. 3
2.2
2.5
3.7
5.0
3.2
2. 7
2.2
3.6
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metai household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
40. 1
39.9
40. 7
38.7
39.4
39.9
41.6
40.4
40.2
40.8
39. 8
39.4
40.4
38. 1
39. 1
38.5
41.5
40.2
40. 0
41.2
39.4
39. 0
39.
38.
38.
39.
40.
41.
40.
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.9
38.7
38.3
38.8
40.5
41.5
39.7
39.2
39.4
3.0
3. 0
3.6
2.3
1.8
3.5
3.2
3.6
3.3
2.3
2.9
2.8
3.4
2. 1
1.7
2.8
3.6
3.3
2.9
2.8
2.9
2.8
3. 3
2. 1
1.6
4.2
2.7
3. 1
3.7
2.7
2.8
2.8
3.4
2. 1
1.9
3.2
2.7
2.6
3.3
2.3
NONDURABLE GOODS
.
DURABLE GOODS
See footnotes at end of table.
87
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry—Continued
Avera ge weekly earn ngs
1972
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Oct.
1977
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
34
341
3411
342
3423, 5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
r
$ 2 4 6 . 51
327. 38
235. 07
238.88
229- 37
2 6 1 . 14
341.82
196. 52
194. 13
2 6 1 . 16
239- 32
226. 80
292. 16
242.36
229. 31
259. 95
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978P
$ 2 4 9 - 37 $ 2 7 1 . 97 $ 2 7 3 . 6 8
327. 82
352.29
357. 52
2 7 1 . 22
272.57
250.88
261.39 2 8 4 . 7 2 286. 01
236.34 2 5 2 . 0 0 255. 27
243. 79 2 7 4 . 3 3 2 6 5 . 4 2
345. 56 380. 80 3 7 6 . 9 8
214. 32
198.65
213. 15
195. 42
203. 71
208.43
256. 71
284.68
286.86
236.03
264.74
263.87
2 3 1 . 63
247. 66
245. 23
277.02
32 3. 55
315.86
247.87
273. 07
268. 81
2 52. 72
255. 19
239.78
2 7 1 . 06
294.36
289.29
Nov.
1978 P
Oct.
1977
$5. 94
7. 39
6. 09
$ 2 7 4 . 07
6.
5.
6.
8.
4.
4.89
5. 99
5. 39
5. 40
6. 64
5. 84
5. 69
6. 16
315. 95
349. 74
357. 50
303. 05
290. 49
302. 18
299. 71
264.55
342. 98
366. 96
291.98
274. 13
344. 29
319. 19
3 52. 15
359. 00
313. 34
294. 68
306.16
305. 14
267.07
343. 48
365.44
296.34
259- 79
358-09
355. 32
410. 18
422.84
327.83
3 1 1 . 33
319- 07
317. 16
297.22
363. 58
383. 16
3 2 1 . 41
304.10
388.37
354.48
402.97
413.83
327. 47
315. 78
322.48
334.43
299. 34
370. 86
398. 14
322.93
300. 91
391.62
2 7 5. 70
244.78
252. 47
279-97
247. 70
257. 46
300. 18
258.95
270. 19
300. 48
262.67
273.16
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades. .
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products
249- 26
325. 30
337. 57
240. 85
224.13
256. 06
2 1 1 . 07
197. 34
207. 43
232.70
236. 40
179. 29
2 6 1 . 12
2 4 1 . 40
222.80
243. 53
227.38
259- 46
300. 04
326. 04
367. 14
220. 17
2 02.37
191. 29
229- 34
237. 05
219- 64
232.40
255. 25
200. 59
2 5 1 . 10
304.38
311.88
248.53
225. 50
267. 13
210. 94
199-68
208.24
235.48
244.22
184.00
263. 49
239- 99
228.83
246. 67
230.37
262.74
300. 04
329-22
362.90
222.73
204.50
192.78
232.41
236. 34
218.44
237.31
2 6 1 . 01
207. 36
265. 74
3 6 1 . 88
373.64
2 50. 31
2 37. 58
263.22
223. 68
269- 69
222.24
249.69
264.27
194.93
274.73
2 5 1 . 14
243. 00
259. 80
239-82
280. 99
315. 33
340. 85
3 8 1 . 87
2 3 5. 34
209. 56
202.61
228. 17
2 58. 08
225.81
249. 90
269. 19
216. 40
265. 68
354.71
365. 07
248.65
237.20
260. 25
226.46
222.56
22 1. 43
248.44
265. 20
195. 92
273. 38
250. 43
238.58
262.73
242.92
283. 36
318. 02
350. 67
382. 12
2 37. 15
2 1 1 . 41
203. 52
2 3 1 . 65
2 56. 54
2 3 1 . 00
2 5 1 . 94
2 7 1 . 05
220. 30
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
270. 26
329- 95
285. 71
348.10
291.81
298.70
290. 09
272.61
330. 17
288.23
348.33
279. 30
284.57
290. 37
289. 65
346.01
318.78
356. 16
309. 55
318.89
311.75
292. 32
347. 33
322.41
355. 74
308.74
316. 37
317.67
297.93
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
216. 86
357.43
-
7.
8.
8.
7.
6.
7.
7.
6.
8.
8.
6.
6.
8.
88
$ 5.
7.
6.
6.
5.
5.
8.
4.
4.
5.
5.
5.
6.
5.
5.
6.
98
40
21
47
85
99
15
81
91
97
34
45
58
93
75
26
Sept.
1978
$6. 46
8. 08
6. 73
7. 03
6. 30
6. 47
8. 96
5. 24
5.21
6. 47
5. 8 7
5. 80
7. 13
6. 37
6. 24
6. 62
Oct.
1978 P
Nov.
1978 P
$ 6 . 47
8. 20
6. 73
7. 01
6. 35
6. 26
8. 87
5.25
5. 2 5
6. 49
5. 89
5. 77
7. 19
6. 41
6. 27
6. 60
$6. 51
-
-
_.
-
6.6 5
5. 94
6. 13
7. 03
6. 27
6. 59
7. 07
6. 36
6. 63
6. 08
7. 37
7, 57
5. 96
5. 50
6. 3 3
5.30
5. 12
5. 18
5. 80
6. 03
4. 60
6. 38
5. 97
5. 65
5. 71
5. 37
6. 04
7. 11
7. 82
8. 42
5. 38
5. 00
4. 76
5. 56
5. 8 5
5. 53
5. 76
6. 07
5. 12
6. 45
8.3 0
8.5 5
6. 15
•5. 91
6. 42
5.62
5. 49
5. 57
6. 15
6. 43
4. 91
6. 7 5
6. 31
6. 00
6. 07
5. 71
6. 43
7. 49
8- 02
8. 86
5. 74
5. 20
5. 04
5. 62
6. 31
5. 85
6. 11
6. 44
5. 41
6. 48
8. 2 3
8.49
6. 17
5. 93
6. 41
5. 69
5. 55
5. 62
6. 18
6. 50
4. 96
6. 75
6. 34
6. 04
6. 11
5. 77
6. 44
7. 59
8. 29
8- 97
5. 77
5. 22
5. 05
5. 65
6. 35
6. 00
6. 16
6. 50
5. 48
6.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
6.
—
-
7.39
6. 95
7. 17
7. 30
6. 42
8. 12
8. 87
6. 94
6. 23
8. 27
6. 05
7. 41
7. 62
5. 86
5. 44
6. 20
5. 29
5. 06
5. 16
5. 76
6. 00
4. 46
6. 40
5. 99
5. 57
5. 69
5. 35
6. 02
7. 11
7. 80
8. 44
5. 37
4. 96
4. 70
5. 58
5.81
5. 45
5. 71
6. 02
5. 04
-
65
70
96
25
90
11
31
39
07
80
87
39
12
6. 58
5. 87
6. 04
I
See footnotes at end of table.
37
72
13
10
77
Nov.
1977
6.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
6.
6.
8.
7.
8.
7.
7.
7.
6. 96
8. 25
7. 64
8- 47
7. 68
7. 87
7.51
45
62
02
84
10
25
94
7. 71
8. 76
9. 02
46
59
03
81
00
15
93
8.
9.
10.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
8.
9.
7.
6.
8.
42
72
02
75
36
49
87
01
74
30
44
88
99
88
18
59
40
55
74
37
8.
9.
10.
7.
7.
7.
8.
7.
8.
9.
7.
6.
9.
44
71
02
76
43
57
02
06
83
39
51
87
15
8. 49
-
6. 53
!
7. 0 1
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry —Continued
Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Oct.
1977
Code
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
34
341
3411
342
3423, 5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
Nov.
1.977
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978 P
Nov.
1978 P
Oct.
1977
5.0
7. 7
3. 9
4. 2
3. 4
6. 6
4. 0
4. 3
2. 9
6. 7
7. 3
5. 2
7. 4
3. 9
3. 2
4. 2
41. 5
4 4. 3
38. 6
37. 5
40. 1
42. 6
42. 2
41.2
39. 7
43. 6
44. 4
42. 0
44. 0
41. 5
40. 3
42. 2
41. 7
44, 3
40. 4
40. 4
40. 4
40. 7
42.4
41. 3
39- 8
43. 0
44, 2
42. 5
42. 1
41. 8
41. 7
43. 3
42.
43.
40.
40.
40.
42.
42.
40.
39.
44.
45.
42.
44.
42.
40.
43.
1
6
3
5
0
4
5
9
1
0
1
7
3
2
5
7
42.
43.
40.
40.
40.
42.
42.
40.
39.
44.
44.
42.
45.
42.
40.
44.
3
6
5
8
2
4
5
6
7
2
8
5
0
6
7
6
42. 1
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
iron and steel foundries
,
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
41. 3
40. 2
39. 9
41. 8
42. 1
42. 5
41. 0
41.4
42. 5
41. 7
42, 5
42. 9
42. 4
41. 9
4J. 7
41. 8
41. 4
40. 2
39. 8
42. 4
42. 4
42. 7
41. 8
41. 6
42. 3
41. 2
42. 7
41. 7
43. 3
42. 1
41. 7
42. 0
42.
42.
42.
42.
42.
42.
40.
42.
41.
41.
43.
44.
43.
42.
41.
41.
2
2
2
3
3
6
3
4
6
2
2
2
2
7
3
0
42. 0
41. 5
41. 3
42. 2
42. 5
42. 6
41. 7
42. 4
42. 0
42. 4
43. 0
43.8
42.8
42. 5
41. 3
41. 2
42. 1
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades . ,
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
.
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings ,
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings .
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products
41. 2
43. 9
44. 3
41. 1
41. 2
41. 3
39. 9
3 9. 0
40. 2
40. 4
39. 4
4 0.2
40.8
40. 3
40. 0
42. 8
42. 5
43. 1
42. 2
41. 8
43. 5
41. 0
40. 8
40. 7
41. 1
4 0. 8
40. 3
40. 7
42. 4
39- 8
41. 3
41. 3
41. 2
41. 7
41. 0
42.2
39. 8
39. 0
40. 2
40. 6
40. 5
40. 0
41. 3
40. 2
40. 5
43. 2
42. 9
43. 5
42. 2
42. 1
43. 1
41. 4
40. 9
40. 5
41. 8
40. 4
39. 5
41. 2
43. 0
40. 5
41. 2
43. 6
43. 7
40. 7
40. 2
41. 0
39. 8
39. 5
39. 9
40. 6
41. 1
39. 7
40. 7
39. 8
40. 5
42. 8
42. 0
43. 7
42. 1
42. 5
43. 1
41. 0
40. 3
40. 2
40. 6
40. 9
38. 6
40. 9
41. 8
40. 0
41. 0
43. 1
43. 0
40. 3
40. 0
40. 6
39.8
40. 1
39. 4
40. 2
40. 8
39- 5
40. 5
39. 5
39- 5
43. 0
42. 1
44. 0
41. 9
42. 3
42. 6
41. 1
40. 5
40. 3
41. 0
40. 4
38. 5
40. 9
41. 7
40. 2
41. 3
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines npc
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
41.
43.
40.
44.
41.
41.
41.
42.
43.
41.
44.
39.
39.
41.
42.
42.
42.
42.
41.
41.
42.
42.
42.
42.
42.
40.
40.
42.
42. 5
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Fiat glass . .
.
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers .
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
C
r)
I
H
Concrete block and brick
Concrete p r o d u c t s , nee
R e a d y - m i x e d concrete
Misc. n o n m e t a l l i c mineral products
3291
3292
Average overtime hours
Industry
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
9
3
7
4
1
2
8
2
5
0
6
9
8
9
1
3
0
4
0
2
3
0
1
2
0
2
2
3
-
-
_
_
-^
3.
2.
2.
4.
5.
7
4
2
4
2
5.8
4.
4.
3.
4.
5.
4.
6.
4.
3.
3.
3
2
7
7
0
7
1
3
9
9
~
—
-
Sept.
1978
4.6
7. 2
5.2
4.1
4. 3
4. 9
3. 5
5. 0
4. 7
4. 4
2. 5
7. 2
7. 7
4. 5
3. 6
3. 7
4.2
4. 3
2.8
6. 0
6. 5
5. 2
6, 1
5.8
3. 9
3. 5
4. 2
6.
7.
4.
3.
5.
3.8
4. 5
2. 4
2. 2
4. 4
5. 4
5. 9
4. 9
4. 2
3.9
3. 9
4. 7
5. 2
5. 7
3.8
4.
5.
4.
7.
4.
6
2
0
5
4
3.8
5
2
7
5
5
4.2
4. 5
3. 6
3. 9
5. 7
6. 3
7. 3
5. 1
3.8
4. 0
3. 9
3.8
3.4
3.
3.
2.
4.
3.
4. 1
4.8
2.8
2. 7
1. 7
3. 4
3. 4
3. 2
3. 2
3. 8
3. 5
2. 6
5. 1
5. 2
5. 0
4. 9
5. 1
6. 2
3. 4
3. 9
4. 0
3. 8
2. 5
2. 0
3. 2
4. 1
2. 7
4.
5.
5.
3.
3.
3,
3.
2.
3.
3.
4.
1
5
3
5
3
8
0
9
0
7
2
3.
3.
3.
3.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
3.
4.
3.
4.
3.
1.
3.
3.
3.
0
4
7
0
6
5
8
0
8
9
7
0
8
5
7
5
6
7
3
3. 9
4.8
4. 7
1. 6
3. 3
3.4
3. 2
3. 0
3. 8
3. 6
~~
-'
Nov.
1977
2. 5
5. 1
5. 3
4. 9
5. 1
5. 1
6. 9
3. 3
4. 1
4. 1
4. 1
2. 6
2. 0
3. 2
3. 8
2. 7
4.
4.
3.
4.
5.
5.
4
4
8
7
1
5
3. 9
8
2
9
2
3
4. 2
4. 5
4. 1
4. 6
2.8
2. 9
3. 5
4. 5
4. 2
4.8
4. 0
4. 5
4. 8
3. 9
Oct.
1978 P
Nov.
1978 P
5. 2
6. 5
4.2
4. 7
3. 4
4. 7
4. 4
4. 4
2. 9
7. 2
7. 7
6. 0
7. 6
4. 6
3. 6
5. 4
4. 4
3. 8
3. 7
4. 4
5. 3
5. 7
5. 2
4. 3
3. 6
3. 8
5. 7
6. 2
7. 2
4. 9
3. 8
3. 9
3. 9
4.2
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
8
4
3
6
1
2
2.8
3. 2
3. 9
2. 7
3. 0
3. 4
2. 1
5. 7
5. 7
5. 7
4. 9
5. 6
5. 8
3. 7
3. 9
3. 6
4. 5
3. 1
1. 6
3. 6
3. 8
3. 4
4.
4.
5.
3.
4.
4.
4.
4
2
4
8
2
4
0
See footnotes at end of table.
89
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry —Continued
Average weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Code
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Oct.
1977
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyers and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
$320.
268.
272.
242.
258.
291.
306.
287.
322.
253.
214.
250.
261.
200.
2 64.
264.
266.
267.
276.
237.
285.
250.
220.
224.
240.
248.
257.
306.
248.
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
224.11
224.78
207.55
238. 91
228. 17
237.80
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Shipbuilding and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
324.22
363. 04
387.21
261.79
358.75
216.41
296. 10
300.00
303.16
278.80
244.11
256.49
See footnotes at end of table.
90
202. 15
221.27
243.07
249. 74
189. 07
205.49
223.16
192.16
216.40
159. 52
203. 91
201.45
2 6 1 . 62
268. 09
256.25
182.74
248.26
203.41
167.84
277.97
305. 55
307. 76
195.13
303.06
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
$317.95 $341.07
306. 59
269. 1
2
298.08
277.93
254.56
249. 95
272.28
255.22
311. 58
296. 59
326.03
311.21
32 1.00
293.78
328. 19
338. 90
261. 97
274.56
221.08
233.38
256.43
269. 75
266. 80
283.45
210. 63
220.58
269. 24
279.47
268.36
284.81
275.18
278. 80
268. 55
287.85
286. 89
307.30
237. 86
244.42
284.50
317.99
252.56
281. 96
225. 06
235.00
227.94
235.41
245. 86
256.44
253.98
262.63
260.18
283.57
309. 64
322.27
250. 92
276.49
226.44
229.45
210.71
245.55
231.24
238. 79
208. 15
220.70
237.80
245.36
189. 54
209. 56
226.32
198. 13
221. 81
161. 83
204.53
202.27
264. 13
268.51
260. 19
185.78
248. 67
208. 69
169.49
282.32
305.27
313.83
323.24
359. 86
381.33
260.00
357.58
214. 52
302.60
305. 11
309.33
288.61
245.07
257.68
198.29
309.37
240.57
242.60
228. 63
254.64
244. 61251. 53
225. 84
233.60
249. 60
267.42
201. 87
222.71
246.60
207.03
223.91
170.31
219.35
221.76
283.86
2 84. 01
283.41
199. 90
260. 00
228.33
181.89
294.24
311.53
324.66
343.31
378.43
395.95
273.32
384.06
232.64
325.46
328.67
339. 10
299.81
266. 11
282.27
212. 65
321.60
Oct.
1978 P
Nov.
1978 P
$346. 94
317. 69
303.72
256. 85
2 8 1 . 52
316. 24
332.57
323.88
346.30
275. 14
232. 15
271. 83
288. 15
2 19. 65
277. 72
285. 79
282. 22
287. 73
306. 87
247. 02
323.68
285. 53
235. 66
234.68
258.45
265. 85
286. 57
326. 14
279.28
$7. 73
6. 57
6.30
5.74
6.25
6. 65
6. 84
Sept.
1978
£8. 14
7. 13
6.79
6. 09
6. 69
7. 13
7.31
7. 50
7. 65
6.43
5. 61
6. 50
6. 83
5.38
6. 67
6. 83
6. 80
6. 87
7. 13
6. 08
7.26
6. 65
5. 69
5. 70
6.27
6.39
6. 61
7.46
6.46
5. 55
5. 61
5. 19
5. 96
5. 64
5. 81
5. 23
5.49
5. 80
6.44
4. 68
5. 20
5. 52
4. 88
5.41
4. 27
5. 05
5. 16
6. 38
6.47
6. 30
4. 61
5. 81
5. 09
4.28
6. 69
6. 86
7.49
5. 94
5. 99
5. 59
6.35
6. 01
6. 18
5. 59
5. 84
4. 68
5. 15
5. 51
4. 78
5.33
4.22
5. 01
5. 10
6.35
6.46
6.25
4. 58
5.76
5.06
4.26
6. 65
6. 76
7.47
266. 81
203.91
223. 51
248.2 1
206. 52
225. 36
169. 93
216. 78
220. 02
2 80. 44
278. 30
282. 24
2 0 1 . 39
263.08
227. 70
185. 65
293. 25
3 1 1 . 96
3 2 1 . 19
()
*
Nov.
1977
$7. 68
6. 58
6.36
5. 84
6.24
6. 68
6. 87
6. 88
7. 15
6. 05
5.34
6. 12
6.46
5. 10
6.38
6. 42
6.49
6. 44
6. 58
5. 83
6.79
6. 16
5.41
5.44
5. 91
5. 99
6. 18
7.39
5. 96
7. 54
8. 14
8. 51
6.48
8. 08
5.37
7. 05
7. 16
7.27
6.56
6. 18
6.51
4. 94
7. 52
7. 57
8. 16
8. 55
6. 50
8. 09
5.39
7. 12
7.23
7.33
6. 65
6.22
6. 54
5. 02
7. 62
6. 85
7. 11
6. 04
5. 26
6. 07
6.37
5. 04
6.34
6.3 8
6.40
6.38
6. 54
5. 81
6. 80
6. 13
5.37
5.42
5. 88
5.96
6. 14
7.24
5. 94
240. 99 $243_. 39
242.80
228. 73
255. 67
244. 02
248. 84
23 1. 74
236.38
255. 10
349.32
388. 51
413.27
278.40
390. 73
222.66
329. 02
337.45
332.83
301.70
(*)
(*)
2 12. 12
Oct.
1977
353. 53
5. 52
5. 55
5. 15
5. 87
5. 62
5. 80
5. 17
5.45
5. 76
6.47
6. 24
6.91
4. 96
5. 54
6. 00
5. 15
5. 57
4.47
5. 47
5. 60
6. 84
7. 03
6. 70
5. 01
6.25
5. 61
4. 64
7. 09
7. 33
7. 88
8. 04
8. 64
9.04
6. 85
8. 65
5. 73
7. 64
7.77
7.96
6. 94
6. 72
7. 11
5. 37
8. 04
Oct.
1978 P
Nov.
1978 P
$8.30
7. 32
6.95
6. 13
6. 80
7. 22
7.44
7.48
7. 73
6. 52
5.69
6. 55
6.91
5.41
6. 66
6. 87
6. 85
6. 90
7. 12
6. 16
7.39
6. 75
5. 72
5. 71
6. 3 5
6. 50
6. 68
7. 62
6. 5 1
5. 98 $5.<
6. 01
5. 62
6. 3 6
6.04
6. 19
5. 68
5. 88
6.33
6.93
5. 01
5. 56
6. 01
5. 15
5. 62
4.46
5. 53
5. 70
6. 84
7. 01
6. 72
5. 06
6.37
5. 65
4. 70
7. 17
7.41
7.97
8.20
8. 87
9.35
6. 96
8. 82
5. 68
7. 76
7. 94
8. 02
7. 00
(*)
(*)
5.37
(*)
8.26
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C 2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry-Continued
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
1972
Industry
Oct.
1977
SiC
Code
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyers and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine too's, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery ,
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Bali and roller bearings .
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978 P
Nov.
1978 P
Oct.
1977
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories . ,
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
....
•.
41. 5
40. 9
4 3.2
42. 3
41. 3
43. 8
44. 8
42. 0
45. 4
42. 0
40. 7
41. 3
41. 1
39- 8
41. 7
41. 5
41. 6
42. 0
42. 3
40. 9
42. 0
40. 8
41. 0
41. 4
40. 9
41. 7
42. 0
42. 3
41. 9
41. 4
40. 9
43. 7
42. 8
40. 9
44. 4
45. 3
42.7
45.9
43. 3
41. 4
41. 9
41. 3
41. 3
42. 2
41. 8
42. 4
41. 7
43. 6
40. 8
41. 9
41.0
41. 6
41. 9
41. 6
42. 4
42. 1
41. 9
42. 1
41. 9
43. 0
43. 9
41. 8
40. 7
43. 7
44. 6
42. 8
44. 3
42. 7
41. 6
41. 5
41. 5
41. 0
41. 9
41. 7
41. 0
41. 9
43. 1
40. 2
43. 8
42.4
41. 3
41. 3
40. 9
41. 1
42. 9
43. 2
42, 8
41. 8
43. 4
43. 7
41. 9
41. 4
43. 8
44. 7
43. 3
44. 8
42. 2
40. 8
41. 5
41. 7
40. 6
41.7
41. 6
41. 2
41. 7
43. 1
40. 1
43. 8
42. 3
41. 2
41. 1
40. 7
40. 9
42.9
42. 8
42. 9
40. 6
40. 5
40. 3
40. 7
40. 6
41. 0
39. 1
40. 6
42. 2
38. 6
40. 4
39. 9
40. 5
40. 2
40. 6
37.8
40. 7
39- 5
41. 2
41. 5
41. 0
39. 9
43. 1
40. 2
39- 4
41. 8
45. 2
41. 2
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric Sighting and wiring equipment
Electric iamps
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Nov.
1977
40. 8
40. 9
40. 6
41. 2
41. 0
41. 1
39. 8
40. 2
41. 0
38. 1
40. 5
40. 3
41. 0
40. 6
41. 0
37. 9
40. 5
39- 2
41. 4
41. 5
41. 3
40. 3
42.8
41. 0
39- 6
42. 2
44. 5
41. 9
40. 5
40. 5
40. 9
40. 1
40. 7
40. 7
40. 4
40. 0
40. 0
38. 7
40. 7
40. 2
41. 1
40. 2
40. 2
38. 1
40. 1
39- 6
41. 5
40. 4
42. 3
39. 9
41. 6
40. 7
39.2
41. 5
42. 5
41. 2
40. 3
40. 4
40. 7
40. 2
40. 4
40. 2
40. 8
40. 2
40. 3
38- 5
40. 7
40.2
41. 3
40. 1
40. 1
38- 1
39- 2
38. 6
41. 0
39- 7
42. 0
39- 8
41. 3
40. 3
39. 5
40. 9
42. 1
40. 3
40. 7
2.8
-
43.
44.
45.
40.
44.
40.
42.
41.
41.
42.
39.
39.
39.
40.
42. 7
44. 1
44. 6
40. 0
44.2
39. 8
42. 5
42.2
42. 2
43. 4
39. 4
39. 4
39. 5
40. 6
42. 7
43.8
43.8
39. 9
44. 4
40. 6
42. 6
42. 3
42. 6
43. 2
39.6
39. 7
39-6
40. 0
42. 6
43. 8
44. 2
40. 0
44. 3
39-2
42. 4
42. 5
41. 5
43. 1
42.8
—
-
0
6
5
4
4
3
0
9
7
5
5
4
5
3
(*)
(*)
39- 5
(*)
3.
3.
5.
4.
3.
5.
-
3
6
3
7
9
8
3.
3.
5.
3.
3.
5.
6.
6.
6.
5.
4.
4.
3.
3.
4.
4.
2. 5
1.9
3. 0
3. 1
3. 5
2. 2
2. 5
1. 5
1. 3
3. 0
2. 5
2. 0
2. 7
2. 4
1.9
2. 6
1. 5
2. 9
3. 0
2. 9
2. 5
2. 4
3. 1
2. 3
4. 3
5. 7
4. 7
2.9
2. 7
2. 3
3. 0
3. 1
3. 4
2. 2
2. 4
1. 1
1. 3
2. 9
2. 6
2. 3
2. 8
2. 5
1. 9
2. 7
1. 5
3. 1
3. 1
3. 0
2. 6
2. 7
3. 6
2. 3
4. 3
5. 2
4. 7
3. 1
2. 9
3. 0
5. 5
6. 9
7. 7
3. 6
6.8
2. 9
4. 0
3. 1
4. 7
4. 9
3. 1
3. 3
2. 6
3. 5
5. 3
6. 5
7. 2
3. 2
6. 5
2. 7
4. 4
3.4
5. 0
5. 5
2. 7
2. 8
2. 5
3. 7
5. 5
6.8
6.8
3. 5
7. 4
3. 7
4. 6
3.8
5. 4
5. 6
2. 5
2. 3
3. 0
4. 0
5.8
4.2
3.
3.
3.
2.
4.
3.
4.
4.
4.
5
9
3
7
5
9
2
3
7
2.8
i
4. 0
3.8
3. 0
3.2
3.7
3.
4.
3.
5.
"
—
—
—
~
~
._
-
|
Sept.
1978
3. 0
3. 1
4.8
4. 8
3. 1
6. 2
6. 4
5.2
7. 8
4. 6
3. 9
3. 8
3. 4
2. 8
4. 3
3. 9
4. 4
4. 6
4. 6
3. 0
3. 5
3. 7
3. 4
3. 7
3. 6
4. 0
4,8
3. 4
5.1
5. 3
7. 4
-
Nov.
1977
9
9
6
1
4
4
5
9
2
9
3
2
7
1
1
2
7
4
9
5
3,8
5.
4.
3.
5.
5.
4
6
5
1
3
3.4
3.
3.
3.
5.
5
5
7
1
4.2
5. 2
2.8
3.2
3. 3
2. 4
2. 5
1. 6
.9
3. 4
3. 1
2. 9
3. 1
3. 3
1. 9
2. 8
2. 2
3. 3
3. 2
3. 3
2. 9
2. 4
4. 1
2. 6
4. 4
5. 5
4. 6
Oct.
1978 P
Nov.
1978 P
3. 2
3. 9
5. 6
3. 8
3. 9
5. 9
6.6
6. 0
6.8
4. 9
3. 4
4. 1
3. 6
3. 0
4. 5
4. 3
4. 0
5. 1
3. 8
3. 4
5. 1
4.8
3. 1
3. 0
3. 3
3.4
5. 1
4. 1
5. 3
2.9
2. 9
2. 9
3, 0
3. 1
3. 1
2. 7
2. 3
1. 6
.8
3. 5
3. 0
2. 9
3. 0
3. 0
2. 0
2. 4
1.8
3. 0
2. 9
3. 1
2.8
2. 1
3. 5
2. 7
3. 9
5. 3
3.8
5. 5
6. 9
7.4
3. 7
7. 1
2. 7
4. 7
4. 1
5.2
5. 7
(*)
(*)
2.8
(*)
-
See footnotes at end of table.
91
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry—Continued
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Code
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
$6.99
7. 04
5.45
5. 01
1978^
$7. 09
7. 19
5. 52
4.97
$7. 58
7. 76
5.69
5. 10
$7. 73
7. 98
5. 61
5. 03
Oct.
1978 P
Nov.
1978 P
376
3761
379
3792
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT—Continued
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts t
Guided missiles and space vehicles^
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control" instruments
Instruments to measure e!ectricity
Optical instrument? and lenb
Medical instruments, and suppi ;
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
220. 04
241. 68
222.49
206. 40
231.84
232.80
256. 77
184. 21
180. 37
187. 11
168.27
287. 98
165. 95
222.63
242.76
224. 81
208.43
234. 92
234. 60
,'56. 36
186.80
179. 45
192. 06
168.60
291.21
170.83
236.74
256.20
241. 43
226.44
258. 26
245. 63
268.14
201. 50
199.26
205. 25
181. 35
304.98
179. 25
237.80 $239.85
261. 69
241. 54
225.43
254.89
250. 70
273. 42
201. 10
197.41
205. 37
178. 10
307.40
177.41
5.38
5. 70
5.48
5. 16
5. 60
5. 72
5. 77
4.64
4. 41
4.81
4.26
6. 76
4. 18
5.43
5. 78
5. 51
5. 2 5
5. 62
5. 75
5. 80
4. 67
4. 42
4.85
4.29
6. 82
4. 26
5. 76
6. 10
5. 86
5. 55
6. 02
6. 05
6. 15
5. 00
4. 79
5. 17
4. 65
7.21
4. 47
5.80
6. 10
5. 92
5. 58
6. 04
6. 19
6. 20
4. 99
4. 78
5. 16
4. 65
7. 25
4. 48
5.85
39
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
173. 26
188. 33
190. 07
169.22
153.23
142. 13
164. 69
180. 50
147. 05
137.26
196. 42
211.38
176. 12
192. 98
196.88
172.32
154.31
142.09
164. 58
186. 05
149- 77
139.43
198.69
216.46
185.81
188.76
179. 17
183.28
167. 57
160. 61
174.47
198.53
156.21
145. 47
212.27
221. 26
186. 51 189.82
191. 59
184. 68
184.61
168.96
161. 20
177. 17
197.15
156. 11
144. 97
212.93
222.05
4. 42
4.65
4. 67
4.22
3. 98
3. 77
4. 18
4. 49
3.88
3.67
4.96
5.42
4. 47
4.65
4. 71
4.29
4. 05
3.83
4.22
4. 56
3.89
3. 65
5. 03
5.48
4. 74
4. 84
4. 74
.
4, 64
,
4. 33
4. 15
4. 52
4.89
4. 10
3. 90
5. 32
5. 63
4. 77
4. 90
4. 86
4. 65
4. 40
4.22
4. 59
4.88
4. 13
3. 95
5. 35
5. 65
4.8 3
391
3911
393
394
3942, 4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
,
222. 31
228. 10
286. 62
261. 23
134.23
231. 26
215. 97
241. 79
181. 16
218.51
174. 19
176. 79
264. 72
305.28
206. 35
228. 10
225. 98
235.89
201. 50
230.88
176.87
251. 43
269. 99
380. 61
189-47
184. 99
236. 56
243. 01
307. 70
271. 55
146.29
249-55
221. 76
262.73
204. 73
248.64
208.40
195. 61
285. 74
330. 39
229- 62
239. 29
240. 24
236.40
227. 66
274.11
198.69
273.68
282. 1
393. 76
211. 01
194.05
234.61 237.80
238. 20
298.91
267.44
147.43
246. 79
225.27
258.07
197. 46
241. 90
193. 05
192. 08
287.27
333. 93
228.51
237.00
236. 31
240. 98
224. 31
255. 57
198.90
268.06
282.00
396.89
204. 23
191. 25
5.44
5. 61
6. 68
6. 38
3. 53
5.42
5. 87
6. 03
7.24
6. 84
3.87
5. 97
5. 60
6. 11
5. 17
5. 92
5. 21
4. 99
6.45
7. 09
5. 16
6. 12
6. 16
6. 00
5. 72
6.87
5. 03
6.22
6.95
9. 42
5.21
5. 12
226. 69
279- 10
234. 85 225. 07 234. 24
289. 94 273.40
5.20
4. 75
4. 50
5.88
6. 21
4. 71
5. 70
5. 70
5. 70
5. 13
5. 8 0
4. 59
5.60
6. 58
8. 67
4.87
4. 73
5.48
6.80
5. 53
5. 66
6. 76
6. 45
3. 57
5.48
5. 13
5. 61
4. 73
5. 24
4. 67
4. 58
6. 03
6.40
4. 81
5. 76
5. 75
5. 81
5. 18
5. 86
4. 63
5. 65
6. 65
8. 79
4. 96
4.83
5. 71
6. 96
6. 10
7.59
00
7. 22
6. 84
3. 89
5. 99
5. 66
6. 13
5. 05
5. 90
4. 95
4. 90
6. 47
7. 03
5. 17
6. 14
6. 17
6. 07
5. 65
6. 57
4. 96
6. 12
7. 05
9.61
5.21
5. 10
5.97
7.47
168. 51
177. 57
181. 38
172.03
153. 95
150. 11
179188.09
196.98
188.52
163.61
157. 1
178.57
190.81
196.14
184.42
162.77
156. 72
4. 10
4. 30
4. 33
4.28
3.79
3. 78
4. 12
4. 31
4. 36
4. 29
3. 82
3.81
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4. 42
4. 62
4.67
4. 52
4. 10
4. 06
$282.40 $286.44
282.30 284.01
218.55 217. 49
197.90 188.86
$326.70 $337.03
322.82 331. 97
226. 46 222. 16
195. 33 194.66
NONDURABLE GOODS
21
211
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes
216. 51
223. 84
278.56
259. 03
130.26
227. 64
204. 72
239.45
180. 39
214. 24
178. 13
169. 65
254. 60
291. 87
202. 53
224. 58
222.87
229. 71
200. 07
222. 72
178. 55
247. 52
263. 86
362.41
185. 06
179. 27
213. 17
260. 44
22
221
222
223
224
225
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
166.46
175. 44
177. 53
172.06
150. 84
148. 18
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products
See footnotes at end of table.
92
181. 12
42
61
69
51
08
06
5. 96
6. 10
4.45
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry—Continued
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code
376
3761
379
3792
Industry
Oct.
1977
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT—Continued
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
Oct.
197 8 p
40. 4
40. 1
40. 1
40. 4
39. 5
43. 1
41. 6
39. 8
39.6
39. 5
38. 0
38. 3
38. 7
9
4
6
0
41. 0
42. 0
40. 8
41. 1
42. 0
41. 2
40. 8
41. 0
40.
42.
40.
40.
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, artd watchcases
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
,
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products
21
211
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes
38. 9
38. 3
22
221
222
223
224
225
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
40. 6
40. 8
41. 4
40. 7
44. 5
39. 7
41. 8
8
2
0
6
6
3
7
42.
40.
43.
40.
9
6
6
3
42. 6
40.
44.
40.
40.
39.
39.
42.
39. 7
40. 1
40. 1
39. 2
39. 4
41. 5
41. 8
40. 4
3 8. 1
37. 1
39.
39.
37.
39.
39. 7
40. 9
38. 9
39.5
40. 5
40. 7
40. 1
38. 5
3 7.7
39.
40.
37.
37.
39.
39.
4
2
9
4
6
0
39. 0
40. 8
38. 5
38.2
39. 5
39.5
41. 6
39. 7
39. 0
42. 3
42. 9
40. 8
40. 4
42.2
40. 5
44. 1
40. 3
41. 3
39. 8
38. 3
39.6
39. 1
39. 1
38. 0
38. 7
38. 7
38. 6
39. 3
38. 4
38. 2
39.7
38. 1
37. 3
38. 6
40. 4
37. 8
36. 7
39. 9
39. 3
39. 8
39. 3
3
3
5
7
39. 9
40. 6
3.
3.
2.
2.
3
0
3
0
4. 7
3.6
2. 9
2. 5
2. 6
3.2
2. 4
2. 8
3. 5
2. 6
2.2
3. 8
1.9
3. 8
2. 6
3. 1
2. 4
2. 0
3. 5
2. 5
2. 8
3. 7
2. 5
1. 7
3. 7
2. 1
3.6
2. 5
2. 8
2. 4
1.9
3. 5
2.2
2. 6
2. 9
2. 5
2. 1
2. 1
2. 5
1. 7
2. 8
2. 7
Nov.
197 8?
5. 5
4. 1
2. 2
2. 1
2. 7
3.2
2. 7
2. 1
2. 4
Oct.
1977
2. 0
1. 8
2.2
1.4
3. 6
2.2
42. 4
2
0
8
5
Sept.
1978
2.6
3. 1
2. 6
1. 9
3. 3
2. 4
43. 6
41. 6
39.4
Oct.
1978P
Nov.
1977
3. 3
3. 1
2.5
2. 3
Nov.
197 8 p
2. 1
3. 8
2. 1
1.9
2. 5
1. 4
3. 4
2. 3
2. 5
3. 6
3. 8
2. 0
2.0
1. 9
2. 1
2. 6
2. 5
2. 7
2. 6
2. 8
2.7
4. 1
4.0
4. 6
3.9
3. 1
4. 2
4. 1
4. 5
3.5
4. 3
3.5
3. 5
6. 3
7. 5
6. 3
3. 6
4. 1
4. 4
5. 1
3. 3
3. 0
3. 2
2.6
2. 9
2. 6
3. 0
2. 4
2. 9
1. 8
?.. 6
3. 1
3. 1
2. 9
2. 6
NONDURABLE GOODS
39. 8
39. 9
41.
40.
36.
42.
40.
43.
38. 3
41. 2
37. 5
37. 7
43. 3
47. 0
43. 0
40.
40.
42.
40.
37.
42.
2
3
4
5
6
2
42. 1
43. 1
38. 3
41. 7
37. 3
38. 6
37. 9
41. 0
40. 2
39. 8
39.2
39.6
0
0
2
3
6
5
1
0
4
8
9
5
0
41. 2
39. 8
42. 1
39. 1
41. 0
39. 0
39. 2
44. 4
47. 5
44. 2
38. 6
38. 3
40. 6
43. 3
38. 2
38. 3
40. 6
41. 8
40. 5
37.9
40. 1
43. 8
40. 0
41. 3
39.2
37. 5
39. 7
38. 5
38.2
37. 7
36. 6
40. 7
40. 8
42. 0
41. 8
40. 1
38.7
40. 4
39.6
39. 3
40. 6
40. 1
41. 8
38. 0
43. 0
41. 4
39. 1
37. 9
39. 4
38. 2
44. 5
43. 9
47. 7
42. 9
39. 4
0
4
9
2
37. 8
41. 8
39.6
39. 9
39.7
42.
40.
39.
44.
46.
44.
39.
39.
39.
39.
39.
39.
44.
39. 1
40. 3
39.
38.
38.
44.
40.
40.
42.
39.
38.9
40. 1
40. 9
41. 2
41.6
40. 1
40. 3
39. 4
39. 7
39. 7
38. 9
41. 3
42. 0
40. 8
39. 7
38. 6
4. 3
5. 7
3. 6
3. 6
3.9
4. 0
4. 8
4. 2
3. 1
4. 3
3. 3
2.
6.
7.
6.
3.
3.
2.
3.
5.
2.
9
4
8
3
6
8
8
7
5
7
4. 7
4. 5
5. 7
3. 6
3. 5
4. 5
3. 5
5.2
5. 2
6.4
6. 2
4. 1
7. 1
8. 1
7. 4
3. 6
4. 1
2. 3
3. 3
4. 3
4. 9
3.2
3. 2
4.0
3. 9
4.2
3. 9
5. 0
4. 7
3. 7
6. 9
8. 7
6. 6
3. 3
3. 6
2.4
3. 3
4. 4
2. 8
6.2
3. 8
3. 1
3. 7
2.
6.
4.
5.
4.
3.
2. 2
1.9
2. 8
2. 9
2. 2
2. 4
1. 5
1. 3
3.6
4. 0
3. 6
3. 6
3. 3
2. 9
3. 7
4.2
3. 8
3. 6
3. 4
2.9
3. 8
3. 7
4. 1
4. 3
4. 0
3. 1
2. 7
6. 5
4. 2
5.9
3 8.4
6
1
5
4
4
8
4. 1
4. 0
3. 9
4. 3
4. 1
3. 0
2. 9
4. 1
5. 1
3. 5
3.2
See footnotes at end of table.
93
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry—Continued
Average weekly earr ings
1972
SIC
Code
Average hourly ear nings
Industry
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
Sept,
1978
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS—Continued
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn miUs except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
. . . .
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers ?\5'' .
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishing nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
132. 84
160. 74
120. 52
115. 84
121.79
119. 73
126.41
120. 75
124. 03
136. 37
127.45
124. 92
123. 00
131. 01
119. 88
120. 52
133,43
167.42
125, 30
145. 30
272. 80
133.93
161. 82
122. 28
118. 13
123. 53
121. 32
126. 79
121. 09
124. 69
135. 96
126. 73
123.50
121. 60
131. 01
121. 66
122.64
134. 25
167.42
126. 44
145. 36
274. 03
143.
171.
129.
129.
131.
12 7.
136.
128.
135.
149.
133.
133.
130.
147.
129.
125.
143.
182.
131.
156.
311.
26
261,2.6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
,
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
264. 02
313. 54
312.20
320. 50
226. 18
269. 66
206. 76
214. 61
231. 55
242.10
246. 96
213. 27
265,
315.
315.
327,
226.
269.
208.
221.
232.
245.
246.
216.
31
06
58
52
87
24
79
01
94
10
96
83
287. 91
348. 53
349. 61
350. 95
244. 13
292.07
218. 90
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commerical printing
Commercial printing letterpress
Commerical printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
237. 12
230. 78
222.90
217. 01
217. 31
217. 25
217.62
251. 66
237. 73
259. 50
236. 93
188. 07
305. 69
237. 88
232.49
214. 70
220. 09
218. 59
221. 05
217. 40
251.41
236. 90
259. 23
244.08
189. 21
308. 32
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
. . .
Pharmaceutical preparations
276. 05
304. 50
296. 73
269. 38
306.40
240. 76
2 5 1 . 74
2 4 1 . 20
279. 05
308. 13
305.41
273. 84
307. 98
246. 22
254. 61
246. 04
See footnotes at end of table.
94
$135. 68 $ 1 4 2 . 9 1 $152.46
140. 85
141. 02
143. 24
145. 16
144, 02
148. 37
134. 59
142. 12
139. 32
163. 12
170. 05
185. 89
182.65
199. 08
184.29
190. 00
191. 56 203.34
194. 44
191.27 210. 15
175. 98
194.68
177.66
155. 86
159. 01 170. 56
159. 26
170. 56
162. 39
147. 73
166. 30
146. 55
185. 51 187. 65
199. 96
24
23
96
15
67
08
06
00
79
21
70
92
63
84
60
67
56
44
95
78
88
Oct.
1978P
Nov.
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
$3.47
3. 53
3. 80
3. 57
4. 14
4. 3 8
4. 46
4. 60
4. 18
3. 82
3. 81
3. 71
4. 47
$3.
3.
3.
3.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
3.
3.
3.
4.
52
57
80
60
23
43
55
62
21
85
83
74
50
142. 71 $145.48
174. 80
_
_
129. 23
_
128. 13
133. 86
_
125. 32
_
133. 67
128. 00
131. 20
139. 63
135. 49
132. 49
129. 95
143. 63
126. 73
_
126. 73
141. 66
183. 61
_
129. 85
_
158. 77
317.41
-
3. 69
4. 49
3. 32
3. 20
3.45
3. 21
3. 74
3. 49
3. 84
4. 12
3. 57
3. 34
3. 28
3. 56
3. 33
3. 32
3. 53
4.26
3. 28
3. 66
6. 82
3.
4.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
4.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
4.
3.
3.
6.
71
52
35
21
47
27
74
52
79
12
59
32
26
56
37
36
58
26
31
68
92
286.
349.
350.
3 57.
241.
296.
220.
234.
255.
266.
272.
226.
6.
7.
7.
7.
5.
6.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
14
03
00
17
45
33
08
26
50
71
73
24
$153. 98
146. 29
147. 17
143.25
183. 60
192. 04
196. 99
201. 96
188. 00
168. 90
168. 90
162.77
198. 77
1978
P
_
_
_
57
40
81
25
54
92
80
06
00
41
16
55
2 9 1 . 84
250. 70
234. 92
232.25
236. 41
226. 55
245.35
209. 66
208. 91
252. 07
279. 66
258.75
201. 45
338. 52
248. 35
232. 20
2 3 1 . 81
233. 64
222. 90
244. 19
209. 20
266. 85
247.42
2 5 1 . 46
298. 75
329. 09
324.48
297. 65
333.31
275. 70
270. 45
261. 17
301. 56
334. 34
327. 81
299. 20
338. 34
271. 88
269. 80
262. 44
238. 68
256. 20
272. 12
271.49
232. 13
278. 24
259, 38
197. 34
334.95
_
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
3 04.68
_
_
_
._
_
Sept.
1978
$3.
3.
4.
3.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
4.
3.
4.
85
83
01
74
49
74
83
91
57
16
16
95
83
Oct.
1978P
$3. 84
3. 87
4. 01
3. 75
4. 50
4. 73
4. 84
4. 89
4. 53
4. 16
4. 16
3.97
4. 86
Nov.
1978
p
_
4.
4.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
4.
4.
3,
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
4.
3.
4,
7.
02
91
62
52
76
53
99
71
10
27
86
62
57
83
58
54
86
72
50
04
63
$4. 03
6. 17
7. 08
7C 06
7. 23
5.48
6. 35
5. 13
5. 30
5. 52
5. 70
5. 77
5. 25
3. 99
4. 73
3. 61
3. 50
3. 73
3. 53
3.99
3. 71
4. 09
4. 35
3. 82
3. 60
3. 54
3. 86
3. 60
3. 56
3. 88
4. 69
3. 50
4. 02
•
7. 57
6. 68
7. 66
7. 65
7. 94
5.94
6. 84
5. 50
5. 71
6. 00
6. 27
6. 27
5. 54
6.
7.
7.
8.
5.
6.
5.
5.
6.
6.
6.
5.
68
73
71
01
92
81
52
64
00
21
30
58
6. 74
_
_
6. 24
6. 67
5.96
5. 4 8
5.46
5. 50
5. 58
6. 42
6. 08
6. 62
5. 85
4. 81
7. 94
6. 26
6. 70
5. 85
5. 53
5. 52
5. 54
5.49
6.43
6. 09
6. 63
5. 91
4. 79
8. 05
6. 58
6. 77
5. 94
5. 97
5. 75
6. 18
5. 84
6. 86
6.48
7. 08
6. 22
5. 10
8. 68
6. 57
6. 75
5. 99
5. 93
5. 73
6. 12
5. 86
6. 86
6.46
7. 08
6.25
5. 06
8. 70
6. 60
_
_
6.62
7. 25
7. 15
6.46
7. 06
5. 93
6. 14
6. 03
6. 66
7. 25
7. 22
6. 52
7. 08
6. 02
6.21
6. 09
7. 13
7. 78
7. 80
7. 02
7. 68
6. 58
6.47
6.37
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
6.
6.
6.
7. 22
_.
_
18
89
88
04
76
52
47
37
-
_
_.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagriculturai payrolls,
by industry—Continued
Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Industry
Oct.
1977
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS—Continued
Women's hosiery, except socks
....
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978 P
Nov.
1978P
4
5
7
39.6
37.4
37.0
38. 0
41. 4
42. 0
42. 1
42. 8
42. 6
41. 0
41. 0
42. 1
41. 4
40. 1
37. 8
36. 7
38.2
40. 8
40. 6
40. 7
41. 3
41. 5
40. 6
40. 6
41. 0
40. 9
36. 0
35. 8
36. 3
36.2
35. 3
37. 3
33. 8
34. 6
32. 3
33. 1
3 5. 7
37. 4
37. 5
36. 8
36. 0
36. 3
37. 8
39. 3
38. 2
39. 7
40. 0
36. 1
35. 8
36. 5
36.8
35. 6
37. 1
33.9
34. 4
32.9
33. 0
35. 3
37. 2
37. 3
36. 8
36. 1
36. 5
37. 5
39. 3
38. 2
39. 5
39.6
35.9
36.2
36. 0
36.9
35. 3
36.0
34. 1
34. 5
33. 2
34. 3
35. 0
37.2
36.9
38. 3
36. 0
35. 3
37. 0
38. 9
37. 7
39. 0
41. 2
35.5
35.6
35. 7
36.4
35. 6
35.5
33.5
34. 5
32. 0
32. 7
35. 1
36. 6
36.4
37.5
35.4
35. 8
36.7
38.9
37. 1
39. 3
41. 6
36. 1
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
43.
44.
44.
44.
41.
42.
40.
40.
42.
42.
43.
40.
0
6
6
7
5
6
7
8
1
4
1
7
43. 0
44. 5
44. 7
45. 3
41.4
42. 4
40. 7
41. 7
42. 2
43. 0
42.
41.3
43. 1
45. 5
45. 7
44. 2
41. 1
42. 7
39. 8
41.8
42. 7
43.4
43. 3
41.9
42. 9
45. 2
45.5
44. 6
40. 8
43. 6
40. 0
41. 5
42.5
42. 9
43. 2
40. 6
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commerical printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Bankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade service
38. 0
34. 6
37.4
39. 6
39. 8
39. 5
39. 0
39. 2
39. 1
39. 2
40. 5
39. 1
38. 5
38. 0
34. 7
36.7
39. 8
39.6
39. 9
39.6
39. 1
38. 9
39. 1
41. 3
39.5
38. 3
38. 1
34. 7
39. 1
39. 6
39.4
39. 7
35.9
39.2
38. 9
39.5
41. 6
39.5
39. 0
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
41. 7
42. 0
41. 5
41. 7
43.4
40. 6
41. 0
40. 0
41.9
42. 5
42. 3
42. 0
43. 5
40. 9
41. 0
40.4
41.9
42. 3
41. 6
42.4
43.4
41.9
41.8
41. 0
39. 1
39. 9
38. 2
37. 7
39.4
41. 7
42. 6
41. 4
42. 1
40. 8
41. 8
39. 5
41. 5
40.
39.
37.
38.
40
41
42
41
42
41
42.
39.
41.
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nighwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists . . .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
26
261,2,
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654
6
5
9
7
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978 P
3. 2
2. 3
2. 5
2.8
2. 8
1.9
3. 2
4. 3
4.8
4. 3
4. 3
3. 6
4.0
3. 3
4. 2
3. 4
2. 7
2. 5
2. 1
3. 5
4. 5
5.4
4. 4
4. 3
3.9
4. 4
3. 1
4. 1
3. 0
2. 2
2. 1
2. 0
4.9
4.5
4.9
4. 6
5. 0
3. 8
3.9
4. 2
4.3
1. 5
.8
1.2
1. 1
.2
. 3
. 3
. 0
. 1
. 4
.5
5
5
8
7
7
0
6
3
1. 5
. 8
1. 2
1. 2
1. 2
1. 1
1. 3
1. 1
1. 2
1.3
1. 5
1. 5
1. 5
1. 3
1. 5
2. 0
1.9
2. 6
2. 2
2. 7
2. 9
1.4
1.0
1. 0
1. 0
1. 0
1. 0
1. 3
1. 0
1. 3
1. 4
1. 3
1. 5
1. 5
1. 3
1. 4
1. 7
1.7
2.8
1. 7
2. 3
5. 3
1.4
1. 0
1. 3
1.9
1. 7
2.8
1. 7
2. 7
5.2
43. 3
5. 1
6. 5
6.4
6.9
3. 8
5. 0
3. 0
3.8
4. 2
4.4
5. 0
2.9
4.9
6. 5
6.5
6. 9
3. 7
5. 1
2. 8
3.9
3.9
4. 1
4. 5
2. 7
5.6
7. 4
7. 5
7. 2
4. 3
6.2
3. 5
4. 2
4.8
5. 3
5. 4
3. 9
5. 3
7. 0
7. 1
7.4
3. 9
5. 8
3.4
3. 8
4. 6
5. 1
5. 3
3. 1
37. 8
34.4
38.7
39.4
38. 9
39.9
35.7
38. 9
38. 3
39. 3
41. 5
39. 0
38.5
38. 1
3. 1
2. 0
3. 7
3. 7
3.2
4. 1
2.8
3. 8
3. 4
3.9
3.5
2.6
3.4
3. 0
2. 1
3. 0
3. 6
3. 0
4. 1
2.9
3. 5
3.2
3. 7
3.9
2.4
3. 1
3.5
2. 0
4. 0
4. 3
2. 4
6. 1
2. 1
4. 1
3. 7
4. 4
4. 3
2.8
4.2
3. 3
2. 1
3. 6
4.0
2. 2
5. 7
2.5
3.8
3.2
4. 2
3.8
2.5
3.9
42. 0
42.2
3.5
3.9
3. 3
3. 0
4. 7
1. 8
2. 9
2. 7
3. 2
3. 6
3. 3
3.0
4. 5
2. 0
2.9
2. 7
3.8
3. 9
3.6
3.5
4.8
2. 6
2. 9
2. 8
Nov.
1978]
3. 7
4. 1
3.4
3. 5
5.0
2.2
2.8
3.0
41.
42.
43.
41.
41.
41.2
.
.
.
1.
2.
2.
2.
3.
4. 5
3.9
4. 0
4. 3
4. 3
3. 6
3.8
3. 6
4. 3
1. 4
.9
1. 0
1. 1
.9
.9
1.2
1. 0
1.2
.9
See footnotes at end of table.
95
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry—Continued
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earn ngs
1972
SrC
Code
Industry
287
289
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Cont'd
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
..
Polishing, sanitation.andfinishing preparations .
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals,
nee .
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
29
291
29b
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining . . . .
. .
Paving a n d r o o f i n g materials
284
2841
2842, 3
2844
285
286
2865
2861,9
30
301
302
303,4
306
307
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
Nov.
1977
Oct.
1977
. . .
RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS
Tires and inner tubes .
. .
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
..
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
Oct.
1978
Sept.
1978
p
Nov.
1978
p
$252. 96
342.17
225. 18
202.47
247. 80
325. 13
302.32
$260. 35
349. 80
228.42
210.00
247. 61
324.19
307. 55
$273. 47
378. 84
247.46
216. 78
263.49
358. 66
329. 80
$272. 03
379. 32
245. 22
212. 04
265. 56
359. 97
323. 47
333.20
270.30
258. 74
329. 94
268. 60
262.06
368. 51
290.50
274.23
373.66
301. 27
280. 31
342. 50
366. 79
280. 90
340. 92
367. 65
268. 62
384.95
409. 40
330. 17
383. 21 $383.24
404.28
336. 03
214. 54
310. 68
141. 60
215. 78
313. 54
141. 31
230. 45
352. 00
147,44
233. 76
363. 64
.148. 61
227. 88
204. 50
194. 62
227. 10
205.41
196. 32
245. 10
217. 71
208. 08
138.
199.
132.
141.
122.
138.
132.
37
79
77
66
82
70
30
145.04
203. 84
137. 98
146. 25
131. 39
159. 89
142. 13
144.62
202. 93
138. 34
146. 22
130. 29
156. 88
138. 73
-
15
52
26
65
72
76
78
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978p
$6. 20
8. 07
5. 56
5. 10
6. 00
7. 65
7. 08
$6. 35
8. 06
5. 64
5. 33
6. 01
7. 61
7. 07
$6. 67
8. 61
6. 08
5. 53
6. 38
8. 38 !
7. 76
$6. 7 5
8. 70
6. 10
5. 5 8
6.43
8.45
7. 72
7. 84
6. 36
6. 19
7. 80
6. 38
6. 21
8. 59
7. 00
6. 64
8. 71
6. 99
6. 69
7. 91
8. 59
6. 08
7. 91
8, 55
6. 05
8. 67
9. 39
6. 85
8. 67
9. 3 8
6. 90
$8. 71
5. 70
P
-
-
5. 22
7. 31
3. 64
5. 25
7. 36
3. 68
5. 58
8. 00
3. 80
5. 66
8. 19
3. 84
5. 40
5. 00
4. 7 7
5. 42
5. 01
4. 80
5. 74
5. 31
5. 10
5. 7 8
5. 39
5. 15
146. 07
3. 66
4. 95
3. 53
3. 62
3.45
3. 74
3. 51
3. 68
4. 97
3. 55
3.67
3.45
3. 80
3. 50
3. 92
5. 20
3. 77
3. 90
3.67
4. 23
3. 76
3. 93
5. 19
3. 79
3. 92
3. 67
4. 24
3. 78
3. 98
309. 57
7. 22
7.25
7. 71
7. 73
7. 72
236. 55
239. 29
220. 45
210. 12
136.
196.
130.
138.
119.
135.
134.
_
Nov.
1978
Oct.
1977
-
_
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
.
287. 36
291. 45
309. 94
309. 97
RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION:
Class 1 railroads 2
322.41
337. 57
(*)
(*)
7. 64
7. 62
C*)
(*)
411
413
LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation
181. 66
265. 33
285. 52
177. 14
263.74
270. 82
193. 10
278. 18
304.05
195. 84
293. 44
313. 34
5. 22
6. 44
7. 56
5.21
6.48
7. 44
5. 73
6. 92
8. 33
5. 76
7. 02
8. 16
42
421,3
422
TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
295. 97
302. 40
200. 06
294. 19
301. 28
207. 90
319. 56
326. 43
222. 39
320. 76
328. 05
216. 78
7. 29
7. 43
5. 21
7. 30
7.46
5. 25
7. 91
8. 06
5. 63
7. 92
8. 08
5. 53
46
PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS
337.43
337. 43
372. 54
368. 33
8. 23
8. 23
8. 87
8. 94
48
481
4817
4818
483
COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Switchboard operating employees3
Line construction employees4
Radio and television broadcasting
284. 40
295.40
221.50
399. 15
232.26
289. 98
301. 84
231. 25
413.52
234.32
305. 92
318. 27
227. 74
437. 81
252.59
304. 50
315.99
228. 25
428. 61
257. 42
-
7.
7.
6.
8.
6.
11
33
17
87
08
7.
7.
6.
8.
6.
16
38
25
97
15
7. 61
7. 82
6,47
9. 58
6. 70
7.67
7. 88
6. 54
9. 61
6. 81
49
491
492
493
495
ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES . .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
302.
300.
283.
334.
255.
305.24
306. 29
279.48
341. 51
251. 39
324.37
329. 58
292.73
363. 32
269. 23
327.
329.
302.
365.
272.
-
7.
7.
6.
8.
5.
30
27
89
15
87
7.
7.
6.
8.
5.
32
31
85
17
86
7. 76
7. 81
7. 21
8. 63
6. 32
7.
7.
7.
8.
6.
156. 15
4. 3 7
4.38
4. 74
4. 7 8
4. 7 9
235. 73
5. 53
5. 55
6. 02
6. 0 5
6. 06
5. 57
5. 06
4. 96
5. 62
5. 73
5. 56
5. 10
4. 93
5. 60
5. 83
6.
5.
5.
6.
6.
6. 07
5.62
5. 47
6. 13
6. 17
-
4011
41
22
25
87
97
35
71
75
99
87
84
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
50 51
50
501
502
503
504
145. 08
144. 10
155. 47-
156. 31
WHOLESALE TRADE
215.67
215. 34
234. 78
235. 95
220. 02
196. 83
187. 49
222.55
216. 59
218. 51
198. 39
185. 37
221. 20
220.96
237.
215.
203.
244.
228.
239. 16
216. 93
208. 41
243.97
231. 38
WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
See footnotes at end of table.
96
19
00
74
80
89
_
-
-
02
57
39
12
12
84
87
39
67
36
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C~2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry— Continued
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2861,9
287
289
Oct.
1978 P
Nov.
1978 p
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
40.8
42.4
40. 5
39.7
41.3
42. 5
42.7
41. 0
4 3.4
40.5
39.4
41.2
42.6
4 3.5
41. 0
44. 0
40. 7
39.2
41.3
42.8
42. 5
40.
43.
40.
38, 0
42.5
42.5
41.8
42. 3
42. 1
42.2
42. 9
41.5
41. 3
42.9
43. 1
41. 9
3. 7
5. 1
3.4
43. 3
42. 7
46.2
43. 1
43. 0
44.4
44.4
43. 6
48.2
44.2
43. 1
48.7
41. 1
42.5
38.9
41. 1
42.6
38.4
41.
44.
38.8
41. 3
44.4
38.7
42.2
4 0.9
4 0. 8
41. 9
41.0
40. 9
42.7
41.0
40. 8
41.4
40o9
40.8
37.2
3 9.7
36.9
38.3
34.7
36.3
38.4
37.6
40.2
37.4
38.6
35.6
36.5
37.8
37. 0
39.2
36. 6
37.5
35. 8
37.8
37.8
36.8
39. 1
36.5
37.3
35. 5
37. 0
36.7
36.7
39. 8
40,2
4 0.2
40. 1
42.2
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Cont'd
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations .
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals,
nee
,
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
29
291
295
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
30
301
302
303, 4
306
307
RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
Petroleum refininq
Paving and roofing materials
,
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
44.3
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978 P
40 o 1
Oct.
1977
4.3
5.0
3.3
5.5
3. 3
1.8
3.6
3. 9
3.9
3.0
4.5
3.4
4. 1
4.8
3.6
3.9
5.4
3,8
4.3
3.6
7. 0
4. 1
3. 7
5. 7
4.8
3.7
9.0
4.7
3. 6
9. 0
3. 7
4.6
2.2
3.5
4.2
1. 9
4.0
5.8
2.5
4. 0
6.2
2. 3
4.4
3. 3
3.6
4. 3
3. 1
3.5
4.9
3. 7
3.7
4. 5
3.5
3. 6
1.8
2.8
2. 0
2.0
3.4
1.8
2. 0
1.3
1.9
2. 1
1. 6
2. 8
1.3
1.2
1.4
2. 0
2. 3
3.0
4.7
2. 5
1.9
3.4
3.9
4.3
41.5
2.6
3.8
5. 7
3.5
2.5
RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION:
Class 1 railroads
2
()
*
411
413
LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
,
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation
34.8
41.2
37.9
34.0
40.7
36.4
33. 7
40.2
36.5
34. 0
41.8
38,4
42
421,3
422
TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
40. 6
40.7
3 8,4
40.3
40.4
39.6
40.4
40.5
39.5
40.5
40. 6
39.2
PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS
41. 0
41. 0
42. 0
41.2
4817
4818
483
COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Switchboard operating employees
Line construction employees 4
Radio and television broadcasting
40. 0
40.3
35. 9
45.0
38.2
40.5
40. 9
37. 0
46. 1
38. 1
40.2
40.7
35.2
45. 7
37.7
39.7
40. 1
34. 9
44. 6
37.8
492
493
495
ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES . . .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
41.4
41.3
41.2
41.1
41. 7
41. 9
40.8
41.8
42.9
41. 8
42.2
40.6
42. 1
42.6
41.8
41. 9
41. 0
42.2
32. 9
32.8
38.8
3 9. 0
39.3
38. 9
37. 6
39.5
37. 9
39.4
38.6
37.8
40, 0
37.4
3
43. 5
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
33.2
WHOLESALE TRADE
50
501
502
503
504
WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
3 9. 0
39.5
38. 9
37.8
39.6
37.8
42. 9
32. 7
3 9. 0
39.4
38.6
38. 1
39.8
37.5
32.6
38. 9
See footnotes at end of table.
97
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2% Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry—Continued
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Code
Oct.
1977
505
506
507
508
509
WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE
GOODS—Continued
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods .
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519
WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Nov.
1977
$252.23 $254.40
223.49
2 2 1 . 55
213.01
2 10. 06
233.34
230. 62
183.55
184.42
Sept.
1978
269.
239.
221.
252.
202.
Oct.
1978P
Nov.
1978P
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
$ 6 . 87
6. 10
5. 76
6.27
5. 17
99
73
76
05
15
$272.84
239.46
222.34
254.87
202.92
$6.29
5. 76
5.42
5.79
4 . 78
$6.36
5.71
5.40
5.78
4. 79
2 10. 82
233.78
220. 95
181.44
215.22
239.47
245. 78
243. 70
175. 34
2 10. 31
233.68
2 19. 82
182. 16
215. 81
237. 93
248. 22
248. 16
175. 10
230. 57
262.79
238. 08
202.95
232. 93
268. 62
2 8 1 . 56
268. 09
188.33
231.33
264.63
237. 12
203.69
234.47
272.74
285. 19
261.52
190.46
5.49
6.37
5. 68
5.04
5. 59
6.22
6.27
6.43
4 . 59
5. 52
6.35
5. 68
5.06
5. 62
6. 18
6.30
6. 60
4 . 62
6.
7.
6.
5.
6.
6.
7.
7.
4.
02
18
20
53
05
87
11
13
93
Oct.
1978 P
1978^
$6.89
6. 14
5.76
6.34
5.23
6. 04
7.29
6.24
5. 55
6. 09
6. 87
7. 22
7. 03
4 . 96
123. 09
122. 53
13 1.33
13 1.40 $ 132. 01
3. 92
3. 94
4.25
4.28
521
525
BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN
SUPPLIES
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores
167. 83
188. 07
129. 20
166. 50
185. 72
129. 18
182.78
202.00
137.36
181. 16
2 0 1 . 70
136.46
4.4:4:
4 . 69
3. 66
4.44
4. 69
3. 67
4. 81
5.05
3.97
4 . 78
5. 03
3 . 99
53
531
533
539
GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
113.40
118. 59
88.46
91. 81
109. 88
114. 95
119.02
123. 68
84. 92
89.40
97.47
94. 96
118. 90
124.26
95.20
93.67
3.78
3. 94
3 . 04
3.01
4.09
4.25
3.42
3.23
4. 10
27
40
23
54
541
546
FOOD STORES
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
157.46
163.80
108. 11
158. 72
165. 38
107. 53
171.09
177. 55
115.24
169. 69
176.73
115. 53
4 . 89
5. 04
3 . 64
4 . 96
5. 12
3.67
5.33
5.48
3. 96
37
54
3. 97
55
551, 2
553
554
AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE
STATIONS
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service station;
173.20
2 14. 11
171. 77
121. 10
171. 75
2 12.46
172. 60
119. 71
185.38
228. 82
184.54
128. 06
186.25
229.25
183. 15
129. 85
4 . 57
5.49
4. 08
3.46
4. 58
5.49
4. 09
3.48
4. 97
5. 99
4.49
3. 68
4.
5.
4.
3.
561
562
565
566
APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
105. 14
130. 25
93. 02
95. 58
116.32
104.02
128. 79
114.27
112.27
137. 70
96. 88
109. 96
124.20
112.31
139. 75
97.37
108. 90
124.26
3. 54
4 . 02
3.23
3.24
3. 97
3. 55
4. 05
3.25
3.30
3. 90
3. 78
4.25
3.46
3. 57
4.2 1
3. 82
4.30
3. 49
3. 63
4.27
571
572
573
FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS
STORES
Furniture and home furnishings
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
158. 75
165.20
171. 76
133. 72
158. 10
165. 90
173.26
128. 54
173. 11
176.05
187.3 1
156. 72
171.99
176. 09
184.98
153.20
4.
4.
4.
3.
51
68
68
91
4. 53
4. 74
4. 67
3.86
4 . 89
5.03
5.09
4.39
4 . 90
5.06
5O 11
4.34
52-59
52
RETAIL TRADE
EATING AND DRINKING PLACES5
92.30
95.3 7
98
97
50
71
8 1 . 99
81.35
88.08
87. 96
2 . 96
2. 98
3.25
3. 27
MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
125.39
112. 18
112. 14
153.47
205. 13
122.36
125. 00
111. 81
110. 72
152.06
206. 52
123. 00
133. 54
120.28
12 1. 20
165. 58
205. 13
135.24
133.98
120.26
121. 13
165.04
215.28
13 1. 67
3 . 87
3.69
3.56
4 . 36
5. 09
3 . 80
3. 87
3.69
3. 56
4.32
5. 15
3. 82
4. 16
3.88
3. 86
4. 87
5.37
4.20
4.20
3.93
3.92
4 . 84
5. 52
4 . 18
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE6
59
591
594
596
598
$4.30
169.36
168. 53
180. 91
184.10
4 . 64
4. 63
4. 97
5.03
BANKING
Commercial and stock savings banks . . . .
147.23
144.2 8
146. 00
142. 72
155. 55
152. 62
157.01
153.72
3. 99
3.91
4. 00
3.91
4.25
4. 17
4.29
4.20
61
612
614
CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions
154. 82
149.33
148. 56
152. 99
146.25
148.27
162.43
160. 31
165. 97
158.41
162.29
4.23
4. 08
4. 07
4. 18
4. 04
4. 04
4.45
4.26
4.38
4. 51
4.34
4.41
63
631
632
633
INSURANCE CARRIERS
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
186. 00
185.47
181. 82
187.36
185. 13
186.48
179. 55
185. 61
196.42
194. 99
188.38
199.23
199.34
196. 68
192.02
202.37
5. 00
5. 04
4. 81
5.05
4.99
5. 04
4.75
5.03
5.28
5.27
5.01
5.37
5.33
5. 33
5.04
5.44
See footnotes at end of table.
98
154.21
182.23
5.02
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry —Continued
Ave rage weekly hours
1972
SIC
Average overtime hours
Industry
Oct.
1977
Code
Nov.
1977
Sept. *
1978
Oct.
1978 P
505
506
507
508
509
WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE
GOODS—Continued
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment . . .
Machinery, equioment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
40. 1
38. 8
39. 3
40. 3
38.4
40.
38.
38.
39.
38.
0
8
9
9
5
39.3
39. 3
38.5
40. 2
39. 1
39.
39.
38.
40.
38.
51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519
WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS . .
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
38. 4
36. 7
38.9
36. 0
38. 5
38. 5
39. 2
37.9
38. 2
38. 1
36. 8
38. 7
36. 0
38. 4
38. 5
39.4
37. 6
37. 9
38. 3
36.6
38.4
36.7
38. 5
39. 1
39. 6
37. 6
38. 2
38. 3
36.3
38. 0
36.7
38.5
39. 7
39.5
37. 2
38.4
31.4
31. 1
30. 9
30. 7
52-59
52
RETAIL TRADE
6
0
6
2
8
Nov.
1978P
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978P
Nov.
1978P
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
30. 7
521
525
BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN
SUPPLIES
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores
37. 8
40. 1
35. 3
37. 5
39.6
35. 2
38. 0
40. 0
34. 6
37.9
40. 1
34. 2
53
531
533
539
GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
30.
30.
29.
30.
0
1
1
5
29.3
29.4
28. 4
30. 1
29. 1
29. 1
28. 5
29.4
29.
29.
28.
29.
54
541
546
FOOD STORES
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
32. 2
32. 5
29. 7
32. 0
32. 3
29. 3
32.1
32. 4
29. 1
31. 6
31.9
29. 1
55
551,2
553
554
AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE
STATIONS
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
37.9
39. 0
42. 1
35. 0
37.
38.
42.
34.
5
7
2
4
37. 3
38.2
41. 1
34.8
37.4
38.4
40. 7
35. 0
_
_
_
56
561
562
565
566
APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
29. 7
32. 4
28. 8
29.5
29. 3
29.3
31. 8
28.4
28. 9
29. 3
29. 7
32.4
28. 0
30.8
29. 5
29.4
32.5
27. 9
30. 0
29. 1
_
57
571
572
573
FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS
STORES
Furniture and home furnishings
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
35.
35.
36.
34.
34.
35.
37.
33.
9
0
1
3
35.4
35. 0
36. 8
35. 7
35.
34.
36.
35.
58
EATING AND DRINKING PLACES
27. 7
27. 3
27. 1
26.9
59
591
594
596
598
599
MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores nee
32. 4
30.4
31. 5
35. 2
40. 3
32. 2
32.
30.
31.
35.
40.
32.
3
3
1
2
1
2
32. 1
31. 0
31.4
34. 0
38.2
32. 2
31.
30.
30.
34.
39.
31.
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE 6
36. 5
36.4
36.4
36.6
36. 3
36. 9
36.9
36. 5
36. 5
36. 6
36. 6
36. 6
36.6
-
36. 6
36. 6
36. 5
36. 6
36. 2
36. 7
36.5
36.2
36. 6
36.8
36. 5
36. 8
37.
36.
37.
37.
37. 1
37. 0
37. 8
36.9
37.2
37. 0
37. 6
37. 1
37.4
36.9
38. 1
37.2
?
60
602
BANKING
Commercial and stock savings banks
61
612
614
CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions
63
631
632
633
INSURANCE CARRIERS
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
....
..
2
3
7
2
2
8
8
1
0
1
0
0
1
8
2
3
9
6
9
1
0
5
_
_
-
_
_
-_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
-
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
See footnotes at end of table.
99
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry —Continued
Average hourly ear nings
Avera ge weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
$157.56 $157.26 $165.46
SERVICES
Oct.
1978 P
Sept.
1978
Nov.
1978P
$167. 10 $167. 24
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978
$4. 76
$4. 78
$5. 06
$5. 11
701
HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts
105. 82
104.38
113.52
115. 87
3. 37
3. 40
3. 65
PERSONAL SERVICES:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops
121. 45 121.45
117. 71 121.28
130.07
119. 45
132.21
119. 51
3.48
3. 69
3. 51
3. 79
3. 77
3. 78
BUSINESS SERVICES
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services
160.39
243. 83
121. 12
200. 02
160. 06
245. 07
119. 14
199.65
168. 73
258. 84
121.95
215. 03
169. 85
258.42
125. 39
218. 65
4. 89
6. 83
4. 2 8
5.45
4. 88
6.77
4. 24
5.44
5. 16
7. 17
4. 50
5. 94
AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES, AND GARAGES
Automotive repair shops
174. 37
199. 92
176. 06
201. 61
188. 33
212. 62
187. 36
212.08
4. 70
5. 10
4. 72
5. 13
5. 09
5.48
5. 05
5. 48
76
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES
236. 12
230. 84
250. 91
249. 70
5. 83
5. 80
6, 09
6. 12
78
781
MOTION PICTURES
Motion picture production and services
184. 34
342.11
179. 76
321. 86
192. 64
378. 79
209. 61
406. 03
6. 27
8. 84
6. 22
8. 77
6. 88
9. 89
7. 54
10. 77
79
AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES
$5. 13
5. 21
7. 30
4.61
6. 04
75
753
p
3. 81
3. 77
73
731
734
737
Nov.
1978
3. 69
721
723
p
. ..
. .
135. 08
138. 15
143. 82
148. 15
4.40
4. 50
4. 70
4. 81
147. 93
155. 57
132.31
102.28
161. 90
161. 02
169. 50
135. 78
112.58
176. 99
161. 53
168. 96
137. 42
113. 15
176. 12
4. 50
4. 72
4. 61
3. 31
4. 78
4. 51
4. 70
4. 61
3. 31
4. 79
4. 85
5. 09
4. 65
3.62
5. 16
4. 88
5. 12
4. 69
3. 65
5. 18
80
801
802
805
806
HEALTH SERVICES
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
148. 50
158. 12
132.31
102. 94
162. 04
81
LEGAL SERVICES
204. 34
203-.65
211. 68
218. 66
5.94
5. 92
6. 30
6.45
89
891
893
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
265.42
287. 23
226. 50
264. 65
287. 17
226.42
277. 40
299. 15
237.23
2 80.46
300. 30
242. 73
6.93
7.29
6. 04
6. 91
7. 27
5. 99
7. 30
7. 71
6. 36
7.40
7. 80
6.49
1
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table 8-2.
Beginning January 1978, data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of $50,000,000
or more.
Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard operators;
service assistants; operating room instructors; and pay-station attendants. In 1977, such employees made
up 20 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and
earnings data.
2
Data delate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central office craft
persons; installation and exchange repair craft persons; line, cable and conduit craft persons; and
laborers. In 1977, such employees made up 37 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data.
5
Money payments only; tips, not included.
1OO
-
6
Data for nonoffice sales agents excluded from ail series in this division.
p=preliminary.
Not available.
* # Corrected August 1978 data for Men's and boys' separate trousers (SIC 2327) for average weekly
earnings are $129.58.
t Revised data for guided missiles, space vehicles, parts (SIC 376) are: July 1978 average weekly
earnings—$309.50 and average hourly earnings $7.44. August 1978 average weekly earnings—$317.48
and average hourly earnings $7.47.
t t Revised data for guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) are: July 1978 average weekly
earnings-$304.36 and average hourly earnings $7.59. August 1978 average weekly earnings-$312.07
and average hourly earnings $7.63.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry—Continued
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Industry
1972
SIC
Code
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
33. 1
32. 9
32. 7
32.7
HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts
31.4
30.7
31. 1
721
723
PERSONAL SERVICES:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops
34. 9
31.9
34.6
32.0
34.5
31.6
BUSINESS SERVICES
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services
32.8
35.7
Z8.3
36.7
32.8
36.2
28.1
36.7
32.7
36. 1
27. 1
36.2
AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES, AND GARAGES
37. 1
39.2
37.3
39.3
37. 0
38.8
37. 1
38.7
40. 5
39.8
41.2
40.8
29.4
38.7
28.9
36.7
28.0
38.3
Oct
1978 F
32.6
35.4
27.2
36.2
75
753
Sept.
1978
34.
31.
73
731
734
737
Oct.
1977
31.4
27.8
37. 7
SERVICES
Automotive repair shops
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES
78
781
79
MOTION PICTURES
Motion picture production and services
80
AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES
802
805
HEALTH SERVICES
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
LEGAL SERVICES
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
Oct
1978F
30.7
30.7
30.6
32.8
33. 1
28.7
30.9
33.8
33.2
33. 3
29.2
31. 1
34.3
34.4
33.6
38.3
39.5
37.8
38.0
38.8
37.3
32.6
33.9
38.3
39.4
37.5
1978 F
33. 1
33. 0
29.3
31.0
34.0
34.4
Nov.
1977
30.8
33.0
33.5
28.7
31. 1
33.9
Nov.
1978P
37.9
38.5
37.4
101
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-3. Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government
[Employment in thousands-includes both supervisory and nonsupervisory employees]
1977
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
1978
Nov.
Jan.
Dec.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Executive Branch
Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours . . .
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . .
Average hourly earnings . . .
2 , 7 0 4 . 2 2, 665.4
39.7
39.4
1.2
1.3
212.7
211. 1
214. 9
214. 9
2, 662.5 2, 664.3 2 , 6 7 3 . 1 2, 659. 5
39.4
40. 0
39.6
39. 8
1.2
1.2
1. 1
1. 6
226. 9
224. 6
225. 9
225. 9
230. 5
227. 0
2, 668.2 2, 672. 9 2, 686. 7
39.6
3 9. 9
39. 9
1.2
1. 1
1. 1
229.0
227. 8
230.2
227.3
227.4
226.2
2, 702.9 2, 747.5 2, 760. 3 2, 738. 5
39.5
39.6
3 9. 8
39. 7
1.2
1. 1
1. 1
1.2
226. 5
225.4
226. 0
225.4
226. 5
225.4
227. 7
225.4
226. 8
225. 1
Department of Defense
Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours . . .
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . .
Average hourly earnings . . .
922. 0
40.0
.8
909. 1
3 9. 9
1. 1
907. 8
39. 9
.9
909. 8
39. 8
. 9
907. 7
40.0
. 8
906.4
39. 9
. 7
906.0
40. 1
.8
905. 6
40. 0
.9
905.4
40. 1
. 9
911.3
40. 0
. 9
924. 8
40. 0
1. 0
927. 1
40. 1
. 9
918. 6
40. 1
1. 0
204.2
205.7
208. 0
210. 1
2 17.4
219, 6
220. 9
223.7
220.4
222. 1
221. 8
224.0
222.3
223.4
22 1. 5
223.2
222. 1
223.2
222. 0
223.7
221. 5
223.2
220.4
221.5
22 1. 2
222.3
Postal Service
Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours . . .
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . .
Average hourly earnings . . .
656. 8
3 9. 9
1.4
655. 0
40. 1
1. 7
649. 2
41.2
2. 0
650. 2
39. 8
1. 5
668.2
41. 8
3. 5
645. 6
41. 1
2. 5
646. 9
41. 5
2. 1
647. 6
40.4
1. 7
647. 9
40. 1
1. 5
648. 3
39. 9
1. 5
648.3
40. 0
1. 6
647. 5
40. 2
1. 8
649. 0
39. 9
1. 5
248. 6
240. 5
251. 5
242. 1
259. 0
242. 7
2 53.4
245. 7
271. 7
250. 9
253. 9
249. 9
266. 5
247. 9
258. 5
247. 0
256.2
246. 6
254.3
246. 0
259.7
250. 6
261. 9
251. 5
260.3
251. 8
Other Agencies
Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours . . .
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . .
Average hourly earnings . . .
1, 12 5. 9 1, 101. 3
3 9.3
38. 7
1.2
1. 5
200. 1
197. 5
201. 7
202.2
1, 105. 5 1, 104.3 1, 097. 2 1, 107. 5
38. 5
38. 9
38. 8
38. 8
1. 1
1. 0
1. 1
. 9
2 16. 6
216. 6
215.4
2 14. 9
2 16. 1
2 16. 1
1, 115. 3 1, 119. 7 1, 133.4
38. 8
38. 9
38. 9
1. 0
1.0
1. 0
2 17. 6
217. 1
2 16. 6
2 18.3
NOTE: The hours and earnings averages presented in this table have been computed using data
collected by the U.S. Civil Service Commission from agencies with 2500 or more employees in the
Executive Branch of the Federal Government; the data cover both salaried workers and hourly paid
wage-board employees. Since these averages relate to hours and earnings of all workers both super-
215. 1
215. 1
1, 143.3 1, 174.4 1, 185. 7 1, 170. 9
39.0
3 8. 8
39.3
39.3
1.2
1. 0
1. 0
1. 1
2 14. 1
213. 6
2 13.4
2 13.4
2 12. 0
2 10. 9
2 14. 6
211. 9
213.4
2 10. 6 .
visory and nonsupervisory, they are not comparable to similar data presented in table C-2 which relate
only to production or nonsupervisory workers. The total employment levels shown include all
workers in the Executive Branch regardless of the size of the agency.
C-4. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime'
Major industry group
Oct.
1977
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products . . .
Leather and leather products
1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
3
Not availablevas average overtime rates are significantly above time and one-half. Inclusion of data
for the group in the nondurable goods total has little effect.
102
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978P
Nov.
1978P
5 5. 56
5. 60
5 5. 99
5 6. 04
5 6. 09
5. 94
5.01
4.28
5. 60
7.33
5. 78
6. 13
5.33
7. 09
5.22
4. 28
5. 97
5.03
4.32
5. 67
7.37
5. 81
6. 15
5.36
7. 13
5.26
4.32
6.39
5.48
4.59
6. 09
8. 00
6. 14
6. 53
5.72
7. 55
5. 57
4. 58
6.44
5.49
4. 61
6. 10
8. 02
6. 19
6. 62
5. 77
7. 70
5. 61
4. 61
6.49
5. 00
5. 17
5. 33
3.92
3. 62
5. 80
(2)
6.35
7. 54
5. 00
3. 57
5.03
5.25
5.51
3.94
3. 63
5. 84
(2)
6.41
7. 56
5. 03
3.59
5.38
5. 55
5.93
4.22
3. 92
6.27
(2)
6 82
.
8.23
5.32
3. 83
5.41
5. 60
5. 85
4.23
3. 94
6.29
(2)
6. 88
8.24
5.40
3.85
5.46
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-5. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricurtural payrolls, by industry division, in current and 1967 dollars
Spendable average weekly earnings2
Gross average weekly e arnings
Worker with no dependents
Industry
Oct.
1977
TOTAL PRIVATE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars . .
$194. 58
105.46
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978 P
$2 09. 52 $210.37
105.23
104.82
Oct.
1977
Sept.
1978
$160. 73 $169. 58
87. 12
85. 17
Oct.
1978 P
Married worker with 3 dependents
Oct.
1977
Sept.
1978
$170.19 $177. 09 $185. 08
84. 80
92. 96
95. 98
Oct.
1978 P
$185. 71
92. 53
MINING:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
317.20
171.83
345. 39
173.48
349- 09
173.94
242.01
131. 17
260. 51
130. 84
263.06
131. 07
267.44
144.95
285. 81
143. 55
288.70
143. 85
CONSTRUCTION:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
308.
167.
39
15
332.63
167.07
336.93
167. 88
236.
128.
39
12
252.17
126. 65
254. 88
127. 00
261. 43
141.70
276. 33
138.79
279- 42
139- 22
MANUFACTURING:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
236. 29
128. 07
255.60
128.38
257. 00
128.05
189- 73
102.83
201. 63
101. 27
202.57
100. 93
208. 42
112.96
219- 65
110. 32
220.
109-
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
287. 36
155. 75
309- 94
155.67
309- 97
154. 44
222.75
120. 73
237.
119-
57
32
237. 59
118.38
246. 61
133. 66
260.
130.
00
59
260. 02
129. 56
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
145. 08
78. 63
155.47
78. 09
156. 31
77. 88
124. 01
67. 21
130. 19
65. 39
130.82
65. 18
136. 59
74. 03
143. 51
72. 08
144. 18
71. 84
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
169. 36
9 1 . 79
180.91
90.86
184. 10
91.73
142. 40
77. 18
148.99
74.83
151. 29
75. 38
157.20
85. 20
163. 33
82. 03
165. 78
82. 60
SERVICES:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
157. 56
8 5. 40
165.46
83. 10
167. 10
83.26
133. 39
72. 30
137. 68
69. 15
138.91
69-2 1
147. 91
80. 17
151. 32
76. 00
152. 59
76. 03
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX FOR URBAN WAGE
EARNERS AND CLERICAL WORKERS (CPI-W,
All items, 1967=100)
1
184. 5
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
Spendable earnings are calculated by taking the average weekly pay for all production
or nonsupervisory jobs, both fult-time and part-time, and then deducting social security and
Federal income taxes applicable to a single worker or to a married worker with three dependents who earned this amount (see Explanatory Notes for the establishment data in the back of
this publication).
The data for spendable earnings for the seven month period June-December 1977 are calcu2
199-
1
200. 7
73
98
NOTE: The Consumer Price 1 idex for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is an est
mate of the average change in the
prices of goods and services pure hased by those consumers, and is
used to deflate the current dollar v alues in this table to the 1967 dollar
values shown. A major revision in the Consumer Price Index (revised
CPI-W) was introduced with data for January 1978. Data prior to
January 1978 in 1967 dollars are based on the unrevised Consumer
Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (unrevised
CPI-W).
lated from formulas which concentrate the full year's effect of tax reduction in those seven
months. A technical note on the calculation and uses of the spendable earnings series is available on request.
p=preliminary (applicable to earnings data only).
103
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry division and major manufacturing group
[1967=100]
Industry division and group
Oct.
1977
Sept.
1978
Nov.
1977
Oct.
1978 P
Nov.
1978 p
118. 3
118. 2
122.9
122. 9
123. 2
104.4
103. 7
110. 0
110. 0
109. 8
MINING
141. 7
141. 7
147. 3
148. 8
148. 4
CONSTRUCTION
118. 2
112. 3
134. 3
136. 2
128. 6
MANUFACTURING
100. 7
100. 8
104. 4
104. 0
105. 1
101. 7
114. 7
109. 3
109. 2
91.3
101. 1
104. 3
102. 1
111.9
109. 3
110. 4
90. 8
101. 7
106.4
100. 4
106. 7
116. 1
109. 9
1 14. 1
97. 5
104.8
112. 5
102. 7
101. 4
124. 9
105. 9
107. 1
116. 5
110. 6
115. 2
96.7
105. 1
113. 3
102. 8
102. 5
124. 8
106. 7
108.4
113. 6
110. 6
TOTAL PRIVATE
GOODS-PRODUCING
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
99. 0
96. 6
115. 7
102. 6
99.
98.
88.
93.
92.
100.
2
3
1
2
5
0
95. 8
117. 0
102. 4
99.
96.
87.
94.
92.
99.
97.
0
0
0
3
7
8
9
101. 1
103. 0
85. 0
93.2
92.2
101. 2
98. 8
106. 8
126. 4
149. 6
99.5
97. 6
84. 5
92. 4
91. 1
100. 0
114. 9
98. 4
106. 3
115. 7
104. 8
104. 1
127. 7
105. 9
100. 3
95.5
84. 7
93. 3
92. 6
102. 8
101. 7
107. 2
125. 6
152. 8
97. 6
104.2
120. 1
143. 2
69.7
104. 2
118. 8
143. 8
71. 1
128. 0
128. 3
131. 8
131. 9
132. 5
106. 6
107. 7
109. 8
110. 5
111. 0
124. 2
124. 9
128. 1
128. 0
129. 6
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
123. 2
124. 6
122. 9
125. 7
127.4
128. 4
128. 2
128. 0
128.9
129. 9
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
133. 0
133. 0
139.4
140. 2
139. 9
SERVICES
141. 7
141. 0
144. 9
144. 7
144. 5
SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
104
69. 0
98. 7
106. 6
125. 6
150. 7
67. 8
66. 5
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry division and major manufacturing group —Continued
[1967=100]
Oct.
1977
Nov.
1977
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978 P
Nov.
1978 P
Industry division and group
Payrolls
TOTAL PRIVATE
238. 0
238. 1
266. 7
268. 8
270. 0
GOODS-PRODUCING.
216. 8
215. 5
247. 7
249.4
249. 4
MINING
317. 6
319. 7
366. 9
372. 2
375. 5
CONSTRUCTION . . .
238. 2
225. 7
289.8
294.2
278. 3
MANUFACTURING.
207.4
208.8
232. 1
233. 0
237. 0
211. 2
255. 0
209. 3
230. 1
238. 6
282. 2
225. 0
261.7
245.8
220. 1
237. 3
252.5
213. 5
241. 7
283.9
227. 1
264. 5
244. 5
228. 7
247.4
221. 4
244. 6
254. 0
216.9
246. 1
276. 4
227. 9
265. 2
212. 0
219. 1
193. 2
212. 9
248.4
210. 6
234. 2
209. 6
207. 7
215. 5
201. 0
211. 2
223.4
194. 9
200. 8
202. 6
214. 6
185.9
168. 2
214. 0
185. 7
222. 3
267. 0
272. 9
123. 8
201. 7
201. 0
221. 1
189. 3
169. 2
214. 7
186.9
223. 9
264. 3
275. 4
126. 9
221. 0
229. 3
228. 4
200. 2
181. 3
235. 3
198. 3
245. 4
306. 3
304. 1
131. 0
218. 3
217. 7
222. 4
198.4
180. 2
232. 6
197. 9
246. 5
304. 6
310. 3
129. 0
221. 5
215. 6
227. 6
201. 6
183. 7
241. 2
204. 8
249. 4
306. 0
317. 4
128. 1
256. 3
257. 7
283. 1
285. 6
287. 7
238. 0
241. 5
261. 6
264. 1
264. 9
243. 0
269. 6
271.4
275. 7
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment . . . .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products . . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products . . .
Leather and leather products
SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
209. 4
205.7
210. 9
196. 9
240. 9
226. 8
242. 7
250. 3
233. 1
254.4
226. 0
250.5
262. 0
217. 9
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
237. 0
243. 1
237. 0
246. 5
266.4
271.4
269. 7
272.4
271, 6
277. 9
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
239. 1
238. 5
268.4
272. 9
271. 7
SERVICES .
294. 6
294. 2
320. 1
322. 9
324. 0
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
105
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED HOURS
C-7. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1977
1978
Industry
Nov.
TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING
Dec
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Au
Sept.
Oct.*
Nov. 1
36.0
36. 1
35.9
35.9
35. 9
35.8
35.8
35.8
35. 9
42.8
43.7
44.0
43.4
43.4
43. 0
43.6
43.0
43. 1
42.8
37.3
36.6
37.3
37.3
37. 1
37. 0
36.9
36.8
36. 0
35.9
35.5
43. 7
42.9
35.7
CONSTRUCTION
36.4
36.2
34.3
35.6
36.9
MANUFACTURING
40.5
40.5
39.8
40. 1
40.6
40.8
40.4
40.5
40.5
40.3
40.4
40.4
40.6
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.7
41.2
41.2
40.4
40. 7
41.3
41.4
41.0
41.2
41.2
41.0
41. 1
41.2
41.3
3.8
3.8
3.7
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.7
3. 7
3.8
3.6
3.8
3. 9
4.0
39.6
38.8
41.8
41.8
40.9
41. 9
40. 1
42.5
40. 9
39.0
40.0
38. 9
41.8
42.2
40.8
42.0
40.2
42.5
40. 9
38.8
40. 0
39. 1
41. 9
42.2
41.0
42.2
40.4
42. 7
40.6
38.8
39.4
39.3
39.5
Overtime hours
DURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment . .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind . .
NONDURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours
40.0
39.5
41.5
41.5
41.0
41.9
40.5
42.6
40.6
38.9
40. 0
39.6
41.3
41.6
41.2
41.9
40.5
42.4
40.5
38.6
39.3
38.4
40.0
41.4
40.3
41. 1
39.7
41.6
40.4
38.0
39.6
40.0
40. 9
41.6
40.7
41.8
40.0
40.9
40.6
38.3
39.9
40. 1
41.8
41.5
41.3
42.3
40.6
42. 1
41.3
39.0
40.2
40. 1
42.0
41.5
41.4
42.3
40.4
42.4
41.4
39. 1
39.5
39.4
41.6
41.7
41.1
42. 1
40.2
41.8
40.8
38.8
40. 0
39.5
41. 9
41.8
41.0
42.3
40.2
42. 0
40.8
38.8
39.8
39.3
41.7
41.8
41.0
42.2
40.7
42. 1
40.7
38.8
39.3
39.0
41.6
42. 0
40.9
41.8
40.4
41.8
41.0
39.0
39.5
39.4
38.8
39. 1
39.7
39.8
39.5
39.4
39.4
39.3
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.2
41. 0
37.2
39.8
36.9
40.4
35. 1
42. 7
37.7
42.0
43.8
41.0
36.8
39. 8
37.2
40.5
35.8
43. 1
37.9
42. 0
43.7
41.2
36.5
39.9
40. 1
40. 1
40. 1
3.2
3.2
3.2
39.8
38.6
40.2
35.8
42. 9
37.6
41.8
43.9
40. 9
37.2
39.5
37.7
40.4
35.6
42.7
37.4
41.9
44.3
40.9
37. 1
39.5
37.9
40.4
35.7
42.7
37.8
41.8
43.8
39.6
3. 1
40. 1
38.5
40. 7
35.8
42.8
37.8
41.7
42.8
40.8
37.4
39.9
38.0
40.5
35.9
42.9
37.6
41. 7
43.4
40.6
37.0
39.7
37.6
40.3
33.7
42.5
37.4
41.6
43. 1
40.2
36.5
39.7
38.3
40.3
35.5
42.5
37.4
41.6
42.8
39.8
36.4
40.0
38.9
40.8
36.0
43.4
38.0
42. 1
43.3
40.7
37. 1
45. 1
38.7
40.9
36.3
43.5
37. 9
42.0
43.6
41.3
38. 1
39.8
38.7
40.5
35.9
42.9
37.3
41. 9
42. 9
41. 1
37.6
TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES
40.2
40.0
40. 0
40. 1
40.4
40. 0
40.2
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
33. 1
33. 1
32.7
32.7
33.0
33.0
32.9
32.8
32.9
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.9
38.7
30. 9
38.9
31.2
39.0
31.2
38.7
31. 1
38.8
31.0
38.7
31. 1
38.8
30.9
39. 0
30.9
38. 9
30. 9
38. 9
31.0
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products
39.6
39.6
40.3
35.8
42. 9
37.5
41.9
43.4
41. 1
37.4
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
38.8
31.4
38.8
31.4
38.7
30.9
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
36.4
36.4
36. 3
36.3
36.3
36.7
36.3
36.5
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.6
36.3
SERVICES
33.0
33.0
33.0
32.9
33.0
33.0
32.9
32.8
32.8
32.7
32.8
32.8
32.7
1
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
106
^preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1977
1978
Industry division and group
Nov.
Jan.
Feb.
117. 4
TOTAL PRIVATE
Dec.
117. 5
116,, 2
117. 1
Apr.
Mar.
June
May
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct
P
Nov. P
119. 1
120. 4
120. 0
120. 6
120. 6
120. 4
120. 8
121. 4
122. 4
105. 1
106. 0
106. 1
105. 4
105. 5
106. 5
107. 9
102. 0
CONSTRUCTION
99. 3
100. 9
103. 6
107. 8
105. 6
106. 8
1 11. 3
144. 2
143. 1
144. 0
143. 5
145. 7
144. 4
145. 8
146.
108. 7
MINING
101. 6
139. 7
GOODS-PRODUCING
106. 0
108. 6
100. 3
104. 2
111. 5
118.
8
117. 1
122. 8
124. 2
122. 8
122, 6
123, 7
124. 5
5
98. 9
100. 1
102. 0
102. 5
101. 6
101. 7
101. 6
101. 0
101. 2
102.
1
103. 7
100. 8
113. 2
107. 0
10 8. 6
91. 6
100. 1
105. 1
98. 1
94. 1
115. 1
97. 7
101.
114.
108.
109.
91.
101.
106.
98.
95.
116.
99.
7
5
9
0
9
1
2
6
7
0
0
100.
113.
106.
106.
92.
99.
104.
97.
94.
116.
97.
5
2
1
4
2
4
6
3
9
3
4
101. 9
114. 0
111. 1
108.4
93. 4
101. 4
107. 1
98. 8
93. 7
117. 5
99. 0
103. 9
114. 3
112. 5
111. 0
92. 8
102. 9
109. 4
101. 2
97. 2
120. 5
102. 0
104.
115.
112.
112.
92.
103.
110.
100.
97.
121.
102.
2
0
5
7
9
5
1
4
5
7
6
103.
111.
110.
111,
93.
103.
109.
99.
96.
120.
101.
5
8
3
4
9
3
5
8
6
8
5
103. 8
113. 6
109. 5
104. 0
112. 3
10 8. 3
111. !
94. 4
102. 0
112. 1
101. 8
96.2
123. 6
99. 8
103.
110.
106.
109,
95.
101.
110.
101.
96.
123.
100.
5
7
4
8
3
8
8
1
103. 9
111, 6
106. 2
5
6
2
4
1
1
7
1
3
9
6
107.
114.
108.
112.
99.
104.
114.
102.
102.
125.
101.
0
8
3
8
2
7
4
6
5
97. 6
94. 3
77. 1
93. 7
90. 8
98.6
96. 9
104. 0
117. 3
141. 3
70. 3
97. 9
94. 6
78. 7
93. 0
91. 1
99. 6
96.7
104. 5
119. 8
142. 1
69. 6
96.
94.
77.
92.
85.
98.
96.
104.
119.
141.
68.
5
5
9
6
6
7
7
4
9
0
0
97. 4
94. 7
79.4
92. 5
90. 1
99. 1
96. 9
104. 8
119. 0
140. 1
67. 8
99.
96.
82.
93.
91.
101.
99.
106.
121.
144.
69.
99.
96.
80.
93.
93.
102.
99.
106.
122.
147.
71.
9
4
2
4
2
4
1
5
1
3
3
98.
94.
81.
92.
91.
101.
98.
106.
118.
146.
70.
9
6
5
6
9
9
2
9
4
6
4
98. 1
101.9
98. 6
106. 9
120.4
147. 0
70. 1
78. 6
91. 5
90. 1
101.9
99. 1
106. 6
121.2
146. 2
67. 1
97.
91.
71.
91.
90.
99.
98.
106.
123.
145.
69.
2
0
8
9
6
8
0
3
7
0
3
98.
93.
74.
92.
90.
101.
100.
106.
124.
150.
66.
9
9
4
5
7
6
8
8
2
3
1
12 8. 1
128. 5
127. 9
128.4
129. 8
130. 5
130. 7
130. 7
130. 8
131. 4
131. 8
132. 4
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
107. 2
106. 9
107. 0
107. 7
109.
109.0
109.4
106. 5
107. 7
108. 2
109. 9
110. 5
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
,
124. 2
124. 7
123. 7
124. 2
125. 9
126. 4
126. 8
126. 8
127.4
127. 2
127. 5
127. 9
128. 8
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
122. 4
124. 9
123. 0
125. 4
123. 1
123. 9
123. 9
124. 4
125. 3
126. 1
126. 0
126. 6
125.2
127. 3
126. 1
127. 0
125. 7
128. 0
126. 1
127. 7
127. 1
127. 7
12 7. 2
128. 1
128. 3
129. 0
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
133. 6
133. 9
134. 3
135. 1
135. 4
137. 5
136. 2
137. 9
139. 0
139. 2
139. 6
140.
5
140. 3
SERVICES
141. 6
142. 1
141. 7
141. 8
143. 3
144.
1
143. 8
143. 9
144. 1
144.
1
145. 1
144. 7
99. 5
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products . ,
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
SERVICE-PRODUCING
„
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
100. 2
2
0
7
6
6
3
0
3
5
1
130. 5
1
108.
7
112.4
94. 1
102. 4
111. 3
99. 8
95. 8
122.4
101.4
98.
94.
84.
91.
7
0
1
8
91.4
93.6
1
9
6
95.
102.
111.
100.
97,
123.
100.
5
0
5
1
7
9
3
105.
113.
107.
111.
97.
103.
113.
101.
100.
123.
100.
2
4
5
2
1
2
3
0
2
4
1
97.
91.
74.
91.
90.
99.
97.
106.
122.
145.
69.
2
3
5
8
1
0
8
0
7
0
6
97.
92.
73.
91.
88.
98.
98.
106.
122.
147.
68.
no, i
145.
2
1
p=preliminary.
107
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricurtural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1978
1977
Industry
Nov.
Dec.
Jar
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
$5.73 $ 5 . 77
7. 88
7.88
8. 72 8. 75
6. 25
6.20
$5.
7.
8.
6.
Nov. P
Oct
Average hourly e arnings
$5.54 $5.61
6.94
7.63
8.47
8.47
6. 01 6.05
$5.39
7. 18
8.20
5.85
$5. 41
6. 75
8. 24
5. 88
$ 5 . 46
8. 30
5. 93
$5.49
6.92
8.35
5.98
7.21
7. 28
7. 34
7.38
7.40
7.49
7.50
7.52
4.39
4 . 42
4 . 51
4.50
4.55
4. 60
4.60
4. 66
4.76
TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
4 . 68
4 . 78
4 . 72
4 . 86
4.71
4.87
4.75
4.90
4.84
4.95
4.84
4.94
6.84
$5.62
7.66
8.59
6.08
$5.66 $5.71
7. 71 7.85
8.65
8.66
6. 12 6.18
82
99
78
33
$5.86
8.05
8.84
6.37
7. 65
7. 67
7.68
7.53
7.58
4.63
4. 67
4. 70
4 73
4 . 77
4.80
4.89
4.96
4. 95
5. 01
4. 92
5.02
4 . 98
5. 05
5. 04
5. 09
5. 05
4. 11
205.13 206. 57
103.92 103. 91
208, 36
103. 97
210.37
Average weekly earnings
TOTAL PRIVATE:
194. 04
104.77
Current dollars
1967 dollars2
Real spendable earnings (married w orker with
3dependents, 1967 dollars)2. 3
194. 22
104. 42
95.39
95. 06
193. 83 195.99
103. 38 103.86
92. 4 1
92.70
199.44 202.52
104.86 105.59
93.33
For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
2
A major revision in the CPI was introduced beginning with the January 1978 data (see note on
table C-5, and Explanatory Notes).
93.76
201.76
104.21
92.59
203.19 204.99
104.04 104.43
92.33
92.55
92.09
9 1 . 98
9 1 . 92
-
3
See footnote 2, table C-D.
p= preliminary.
C-10. Hours of wage and salary workers1 in nonagricultura! establishments, by industry division
Millions of hours (Annual rate)2
Industry division
TOTAL
PRIVATE SECTOR
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS
.
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE INSURANCE AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
GOVERNMENT
Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers, norwupervisory workers and
salaried workers—and are based largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods
for Surveys and Studies, BLS Bulletin 1910—Chapter 30, Productivity Measures: Private
Economy and Major Sectors.
108
Percent change
SEPTEMBER
1978
OCTOBER
1978p
NOVEMBER
1978p
Nov. 197?
to
Nov. 1978
162,931
132,612
1,991
8,258
163,556
133,356
2,019
8,309
42,576
26,026
16,549
10,208
33,599
9,007
27,639
30,200
165,279
134,250
2,033
4,6
4.4
5.4
8,349
43,078
26,331
16,747
10,295
33,746
8,997
27,753
31,029
12,7
42,299
25,721
16,578
10,112
33,470
8,964
27,519
30,319
4.1
5.9
1.2
4.1
3.8
4.9
3.4
5.2
Sept. 1978
to
Oct. 1978
Oct. 1978
to
Nov. 1978
0.4
0.6
1.4
0.6
1.1
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.7
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
-0.2
1.0
0.4
0.5
0.4
-0.4
0.9
0.4
-0.1
0.4
2.7
"Annual rate" refers to total hours paid for 1 week in the month, expressed as a seasonally adjusted annual equivalent.
PRODUCTIVITY
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices,
private business sector, seasonally adjusted
[1967= 100]
Quarterly indexes
Annual average
1976
1976
1977
1977
I
I
II
I
I
V
1978
I
I
II
I
I
I
I
V
IIIR
PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons . ..
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
116.4
126.5
108.7
197.0
115.6
169.3
158.1
165.4
118.4
133.2
112.6
213.0
117.4
180.2
164.7
174.9
115.4
126.0
108.3
190.9
114.1
165.4
156.7
162.4
116.1
126.2
108.7
194.8
115.0
167.7
158.3
164.5
117.1
127.1
108.5
199.3
116.1
170.1
159.0
166.3
117.2
127.6
108.9
203.6
117.3
173.8
158.4
168.5
117.9
130.5
110.7
207.5
117.2
176.0
160.3
170.6
117.4
132.5
112.9
210.5
116.4
179.3
164.0
174.0
118.9
134.2
112.9
215.3
117.6
181.1
167.0
176.3
119.0
135.5
113.9
218.8
118.2
183.9
167.8
178.4
117.6
135.3
115.0
225.2
119.3
191.4
162.1
181.3
118.0
138.7
117.6
229.6
118.6
194.6
171.3
186.6
119.0
139.7
117.4
235.3
119.0
197.8
175.3
190.0
NONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments . . . . . . .
Implicit price deflator
114.4
127.0
111.0
193.7
113.6
169.4
156.0
164.8
115.8
133.6
115.4
209.3
115.3
180.8
162.6
174.6
113.0
125.2
110.8
187.6
112.1
166.0
153.7
161.8
114.4
126.9
110.9
191.7
113.1
167.5
155.5
163.4
115.2
127.7
110.9
195.8
114.1
170.1
157.4
165.7
114.9
128.1
111.5
199.9
115.1
173.9
157.2
168.2
115.6
131.0
113.3
203.9
115.1
176.4
157.7
170.0
115.2
133.0
115.5
207.1
114.5
179.8
161.7
173.6
116.2
134.6
115.8
211.2
115.3
181.7
166.1
176.4
116.4
135.8
116.7
215.1
116.2
184.8
165.1
178.1
115.5
136.1
117.8
221.4
117.3
191.7
159.2
180.6
116.0
139.8
120.6
225.8
116.6
194.7
167.1
185.3
116.6
140.5
120.5
231.0
116.9
198.1
171.7
189.1
MANUFACTURING:
Output per hour of all persons ..
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour . . . . . . .
Real compensation per hour .. .
Un:t labor costs
123.2
119.3
96.8
195.1
114.4
158.3
126.1
126.9
100.6
212.2
116.9
168.3
121.8
117.8
96.7
189.1
113.0
155.3
123.3
119.2
96.7
193.7
114.4
157.1
124.1
120.0
96.7
196.9
114.7
158.7
123.9
120.3
97.1
200.9
115.7
162.2
123.7
122.6
99.1
205.6
116.1
166.3
125.6
126.6
100.7
209.7
116.0
166.9
127.6
128.6
100.8
214.4
117.1
168.0
127.5
129.8
101.8
218.9
118.2
171.7
125.9
129.7
103.1
225.0
119.2
178.8
128.4
134.
104.
229.
118,
178.5
131.6
137.1
104.2
235.0
118.8
178.6
DURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
118.3
113.3
95.8
196.9
115.5
166.5
120.5
121.4
100.8
214.3
118.0
177.9
116.6
110.8
95.0
191.5
114.4
164.2
118.6
113.3
95.5
195.8
115.6
165.1
119.5
114.8
96.1
198.5
115.7
166.2
118.4
114.4
96.6
201.7
116.2
170.3
117.9
116.3
98.7
207.1
116.9
175.7
120.4
121.0
100.5
211.8
117.1
175.9
121.9
123.5
101.3
216.4
118.2
177.5
121.6
124.8
102.7
221.5
119.6
182.2
119.4
124.4
104.1
227.0
120.3
190.1
122.7
129.5
105.6
231.2
119.4
188.4
125.6
133.4
106.2
237.0
119.9
188.7
NONDURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
131.3
129.1
98.4
192.7
113.0
146.8
135.3
135.7
100.3
208.6
115.0
154.2
130.1
129.2
99.3
185.9
111.1
142.9
130.9
128.9
98.4
190.8
112.6
145.8
131.5
128.5
97.7
194.5
113.3
147.9
132.7
129.8
97.9
199.7
115.0
150.5
133.1
132.6
99.7
203.4
114.8
152.8
134.1
135.5
101.0
206.3
114.1
153.9
136.9
136.9
100.0
210.6
115.0
153.8
137.3
138.0
100.5
214.0
115.6
155.9
136.4
138.3
101.4
221.0
117.1
162.1
137.7
141.5
102.8
224.8
116.1
163.3
141.4
143.0
101.1
230.1
116.4
162.8
NONFINANCIAL CORPORATIONS:
Output per all-employee hour . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour,
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits . . . . . t
Implicit price deflator
115.5
133.8
115.8
192.4
112.9
172.0
166.5
188.8
112.7
163.2
116.9
141.0
114.9
132.3
115.2
186.3
111.3
168.0
162.2
186.1
114.9
160.1
115.8
134.1
115.8
190.2
112.3
169.8
1^4.3
186.9
115.5
161.7
116.2
134.4
115.7
194.5
113.3
172.8
167.4
189.4
114.7
164.2
115.5
134.2
116.3
198.8
114.5
177.3
172.2
193.0
105.6
166.6
116.0
137.5
118.5
202.2
114.1
178.8
174.3
192.6
108.8
168.4
116.5
140.5
120.7
205.9
113.9
180.8
176.8
193.1
120.1
171.8
117.7
142.3
120.9
210.2
114.8
182.5
178.5
195.0
128.3
174.5
117.6
143.6
122.1
213.8
115.5
185.6
181.9
197.1
122.9
176.3
116.9
143.6
122.9
220.2
116.7
191.
188
201,
104
178.6
118.1
148.8
126.0
224.7
116.0
192.6
190.2
200.1
127.8
183.0
118.5
149.3
126.0
229.8
116.3
196.2
194.0
203.3
130.8
186.5
120.
208.
114.6
182.0
177.9
194,
120.
172.8
p=preliminary.
r=revised.
1O9
PRODUCTIVITY
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-12. Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit
costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted at annual rate
Annual percent change
Quarterly percent change
I I 1977 I I 1977
II
to
1977
(III
1977 I 1978 II 1978 II 1976 ill 1976 IV 1976 I 1977
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
1978 H i 978 ] II 1977 t II 1977 IV 1977 I 1978
II 1977 IV 1977 I 1978 II
II 1977 III 1977
to
to
II 1978 III 1978
PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons
....
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
-1.7
6.5
8.3
5.8
-2.7
7.6
9.5
8.2
5.1
5.0
-0.1
9.5
4.3
4.2
7.4
5.2
0.4
4.0
3.7
6.7
1.9
6.3
2.0
4.9
-4.5
-0.6
4.0
12.1
4.0
17.4
•13.1
6.7
1.2
10.5
9.2
8.1
-2.5
6.8
24.8
12.1
3.4
2.9
-0.5
10.4
1.6
6.7
3.7
0.5
8.1
2.9
4.2
3.5
3.0
7.6
2.8
7.1
-2.4
4.0
-3.1
0.7
3.9
12.2
4.0
15.7
•13.5
5.8
1.5
5.6
4.0
8.0
1.3
6.5
5.0
6.0
1.5
6.2
4.6
7.5
0.7
5.8
5.9
5.9
-0.2
3.7
3.9
8.5
9.7
7.7
1.1
5.0
3.9
8.1
1.2
6.9
3.6
5.8
1.7
11.6
9.8
8.2
-2.4
6.4
21.3
10.8
2.3
2.0
-0.3
9.5
0.9
7.1
11.6
8.5
0.7
4.8
4.1
8.1
1.2
7.3
4.0
6.2
0.9
5.4
4.4
7.S
1.1
6.8
5.5
1.3
6.0
2.9
7.1
4.1
8.9
2.1
5.8
0.5
4.6
4.1
9.1
1.9
8.5
4.4
7.2
0.1
4.1
4.0
9.3
1.2
9.2
5.0
7.8
7.6
0.9
6.3
5.0
5.9
-0.1
| 3.8
3.9
8.6
1.9
8.7
0.9
6.2
0.7
5.2
4.5
9.0
1.8
8.3
3.4
6.7
0.3
4.4
4.0
9.4
1.3
9.0
3.4
7.2
2.9
7.9
4.8
9.0
2.2
5.9
1.8
5.8
4.0
9.4
2.7
7.6
2.2
6.0
3.7
9.2
2.0
6.9
3.1
6.6
3.4
9.6
1.5
6.3
2.6
9.1
6.3
9.8
2.9
1.3
6.9
5.5
9.6
2.9
8.2
1.9
7.0
5.1
9.2
1.9
7.1
3.1
8.1
4.9
9.5
1.4
6.3
3.2
4.5
1.2
9.3
1.2
5.8
6.3
NONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR.
Output per hour of all persons
Output
....
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
-1.4
6.2
7.7
6.5
-2.1
8.0
10.3
8.7
11
MANUFACTURING:
Unit labor costs
6.4
13.7
6.8
8.2
-0.6
1.6
6.5
6.6
0.1
9.2
3.9
2.5
-0.3
4.0
4.3
8.8
4.0
9.1
-5.1
-0.5
4.9
11.6
3.5
17.7
8.3
14.3
5.6
7.4
-3.1
-0.8
10.4
9.2
-1.1
10.6
1.9
0.2
1.9
6.1
4.2
8.3
1.4
6.2
DURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
8.9
17.1
7.6
9.4
0.5
0.5
5.0
8.3
3.1
9.0
3.8
3.8
-1.1
4.5
5.7
9.8
4.9
11.0
-6.8
-1.5
5.7
10.4
2.4
18.5
11.3
17.7
5.7
7.5
-3.0
-3.4
10.0
12.5
2.3
10.5
1.8
0.5
1.6
6.9
5.2
8.2
1.3
6.5
6.8
3.1
9.0
5.7
6.0
-2.6
2.8
8.6
4.1
-4.2
8.5
3.3
-0.1
1.0
3.2
2.2
6.7
1.9
5.6
-2.6
1.1
3.8
13.6
5.3
16.6
3.9
9.4
5.3
7.2
-3.3
3.2
-1.3
2.4
5.1
2.6
8.1
1.3
5.6
4.1
6.6
2.4
8.3
1.5
4.0
3.5
6.2
2.7
7.2
0.5
3.6
2.5
4.3
1.8
8.7
2.0
6.0
6.1
1.7
9.2
7.4
7.7
-1.0
4.6
5.8
1.0
48.2
8.3
4.4
5.2
0.7
8.5
3.3
3.9
3.9
3.9
30.4
6.4
-0.5
3.6
4.2
7.2
2.4
6.8
7.7
4.3
•15.8
4.2
-2.5
0.0
2.5
12.5
4.3
13.6
15.3
8.5
47.8
5.5
4.4
15.2
10.4
8.3
-2.3
2.3
3.8
-2.0
123.6
10.2
0.6
4.8
4. 2
8. 3
1. 4
6. 5
7. 6
3. 3
3. 9
6. 2
1.3
5.9
1.8
7.0
5.0
7.5
0.8
4.7
5.6
2.1
16.4
5.8
0.8
4.5
3.7
8.9
2.2
7.1
8.1
4.4
-4.0
6.1
1.4
5.9
4.4
9.1
1.9
6.6
7.6
3.6
6.4
6.5
Output per hour of all persons
Output
....
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
NONDURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
....
NONFINANCIAL CORPORATIONS:
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
p=preliminary.
r=revised.
110
1.3
1.5
0.2
9.5
0.8
7.7
9.9
7.9
4.5
8.0
1.3
5.6
6.6
3.0
11.9
6.3
0.7
4.9
4.2
9.4
1.3
7.5
1.9
6.9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C 13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas
Average weekly earnings
Average weekly hours
Average hourly earnings
State and area
OCT.
1977
SEPT,
1978
OCT.
1978P
SEPT.
197P
OCT.
197 8P
OCT.
1977
SEPT. OCT.
1978 1978P
$203.27
239.32
254.70
$232.54
269.86
279.79
$230.45
273.47
272.95
40.9
40.7
42. 1
41.9
41.2
42.2
41.3
41.0
41.8
$4.97
5.88
6.05
$5.55
6.55
6.63
$5.58
6.67
6.53
418.59
464.49
422.73
41.2
47.3
42.7
10.16
9.82
9.90
229.23
227.20
226.55
250.10
252.97
230.88
248.65 I 4 0 . 5
40.8
251.91
40.5
41.0
227.35
3 9 . 4 I 39.0
40.3
4C.5
38.6
5.66
5.61
5.75
6 . 13
6,17
6. 17
5.92
6.22
5.89
ARKANSAS
Fayetteville—Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
175.64
161.18
179.95
201.68
220.81
190.87
173.45
190. 12
215.17
270.32
191.27
176.80
189.44
222.31
261.61
40.1
40.6
39.9
39.7
42.3
39.6
39.6
38.8
38.7
43.6
39.6
40.0
38.9
4C.2
42.4
4.38
3.97
4.51
5.08
5.22
4.82
4.38
4.90
5.56
6.20
4.83
4.42
4.87
5.53
6.17
CALIFORNIA
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove .
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura
Riverside—San Bernardino—Ontario .
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco-Oakland
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
246.02
225,03
244.28
223.18
230.68
233.09
202.65
246.40
256.90
231.65
235.77
298.05
258.70
218.43
222.72
259.88
251.68
263.31
245.40
275.01
240.40
244.82
278.46
227.43
275.40
291.01
252.98
244.68
312.43
282.90
232.06
236.25
291.51
276.44
264.77
246.60
275.80
244.21
248.47
252.98
229.20
275.93
289.28
268.40
248.29
318.00
276.61
228. 13
239.27
282.03
279.66
40.2
40.2
40.9
40. 4
39.4
39.4
40.0
39*5
40.4
40.4
42.0
38.4
38.6 ! 39.9
4 0 . 0 ! 40.5
38.4 | 4C.7
38. 1 | 38.8
38.9
39. 1
39.9 ! 39.8
39.8 i 41.0
40.3 i 39.2
38.4 ! 37.5
38.5 ; 40.6
38.9 | 3 9 . 1
4C.3
41. 1
38.9
40. 1
40.8
38.8
40.0
40.4
39.9
40.0
39.1
39.8
39.8
38.6
38.1
38.9
39.5
6.12
5.57
6.20
5.65
5.71
6.07
5.25
6.16
6.69
6.08
6.03
7.47
6.50
5.42
5.80
6.75
6.47
6.55
6.00
6.98
6.01
6.06
6.63
5.70
6.80
7. 15
6.52
6.29
7.85
6.90
5.92
6.30
7.18
7.07
6.57
6.00
7.09
6.09
6.09
6.52
5.73
6.83
7.25
6.71
6.35
7,99
6,95
5.91
6.28
7,25
7.08
COLORADO '
Denver-Boulder '
231.08
229.89
249.40
244.38
249.48
247.27
39.3
39.5
39.6
39.5
5.88
5.82
6.33
6.25
6.30
6,26
CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-West Haven
Stamford
Waterbury
237.42
242.25
256.63
246.53
234.60
245.96
200.28
254.82
269.89
280.37
267.53
262.26
259.14
226.94
257.98
270.07
286.89
264.69
263.08
266.54
226.31
41.8 | 4 2 . 4
42.8 j 4 4 . 1
42.7 ! 4 3 . 2
42.8 i 4 3 . 5
40.8 I 4 2 . 3 ,
43.0 I 42.0
41.9 I 42.9
42.5
43.7
43.8
42.9
42.5
43.2
42.3
5.68
5.66
6.01
5.76
5.75
5.72
4.78
6.01
6.12
6.49
6.15
6.20
6. 17
5.29
6.07
6. 18
6.55
6. 17
6.19
6.17
5.35
DELAWARE
Wilmington
239.46
281.30
252.72
290.77
259.89
295. 11
39.0
39.9
| 39.0
| 39.4
39.8
39.4
6. 14
7.05
6.48
7.38
6.53
7.49
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA:
Washington SMSA
212.24
214.23
! 214.01
38.8
| 38.6
38.7
5.47
5.55
5.53
FLORIDA
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood
Jacksonville
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa—St. Petersburg
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
193.17
190.59
225.91
164.42
208.25
250.06
202.37
227.69
210.73
192.23
265.93
176.17
224.61
272.82
219.02
241.92
211.04
196. 18
247.94
178.04
229.38
284.85
215.49
243.95
41.1
40.9
41.3
40.3
42.5
42.6
41.3
41. 1
41.4
40.3
43.1
39.5
42.3
43.1
42.2
42.0
41.3
40.2
41.6
40. 1
42.4
44.3
41.6
42.5
4.70
4.66
5.47
4.08
4.90
5.87
4.90
5.54
5.09
4.77
6.17
4.46
5.31
33
19
5.76
4.88
5.96
4.44
5.41
6,43
5,18
5.74
GEORGIA
Atlanta
Savannah
184*73
221.25
251.37
2C4.02
228.54
283.36
206.33
231.84
284.70
40.6 | 40.4
40.3 ! 39.0
44. 1 ! 44.0
40.3
38.9
43.8
55
49
70
5.05
5.86
6.44
5.96
6.50
HAWAII
Honolulu
224.26
223.71
233.14
225.82
247.68
246.46
38.4
37. 1
38.6
37.7
38.7
37.8
5.84
6.03
6.04
5.99
6.40
6,52
IDAHO
Botse City
242.20
199.93
264.80
238.51
265.49
241. 16
40. 1
37.3
40.0
38.1
39.1
37.8
6.04
5.36
6.62
6.26
6.79
6.38
OCT.
1977
ALABAMA
Birmingham
Mobile
ALASKA
ARIZONA
Phoenix
Tucson
,
j 39.4
I 39.1
5.11
5.12
See footnotes at end of table.
111
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C 13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas—Continued
Average weekly earnings
Average weekly hours
State and area
Average hourly earnings
OCT.
1977
SEPT.
1978
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
1977
SEPT, OCT.
1978 1978P
$26K21
192.20
247.74
263.32
284.65
294.86
291. 13
263.06
295.20
$277.36
254.49
258.13
273,05
287.52
311.49
335,19
286.97
313.48
$273.47
253.44
262.95
272.63
275.57
319. 18
341. 15
288.11
310.56
40.7
36,4
40.7
41.6
41.0
42.4
37.2
43. 1
42.5
40.2
41.3
40.0
40.8
38.9
41.7
39.4
42.8
42.2
39,8
41.3
39.9
4C.5
36.9
41,8
39.3
42.4
42.0
$6.42
5.28
6.09
6.33
6,94
6.95
7.82
6.10
6.95
$6.89
6. 17
6,45
6.69
7.39
7.46
8,50
6.70
7.43
$6.87
6.13
6.59
6.73
7,47
7.63
8.69
6.80
7.40
INDIANA
Gary-Hammond-East Chicago .
Indianapolis
281.52
352.00
287.85
301.71
410.66
301.85
303.56
(*)
(*)
41. 4
40.6
41.9
41.5
42.6
42,1
41.3
(*)
(*)
6.80
8.67
6«87
7.27
9.64
7.17
7.35
(*)
(*)
IOWA
Cedar Rapids . . .
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
270.81
259.45
273.78
330.74
218.48
396.04
285,20
297.98
291,84
351.04
271.97
366.30
294.35
300.76
299.44
366.62
277.02
()
*
40.6
40. 1
39.0
39.8
37.8
44.7
40.0
41.1
38.4
39.8
42. 1
40.7
4 0.6
41.2
39.4
40.6
42.1
(*)
6,67
6.47
7.02
8.31
5.78
8.86
7,13
7.25
7*60
8.82
6.46
9.00
7.25
7.30
7.60
9.03
6.58
(*)
KANSAS
Topeka
Wichita
225.36
252.10
236.55
254.79
288.72
271.78
257.92
290.28
276.54
41.2
41.6
41.5
41.7
42.9
42.4
41.4
42.5
41.9
5.47
6.06
5.70
6.11
6.73
6.41
6.23
6.83
6.60
KENTUCKY
Louisville
235.38
271.88
253.29
293.54
254.96
294.84
4 a. 1
40.7
39.7
40.6
39.9
40.5
5.87
6.68
6,38
7.23
6.39
7.28
LOUISIANA
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport
249.99
306.13
236,01
234.12
274.86
345.77
259.25
246.19
275.52
345.10
255. 17
243.39
42.3
4 2.4
39.8
42.8
41.9
44.5
39.4
41.1
42.0
44.3
39.5
40.7
5.91
7.22
5.93
5.47
6,56
7.77
6.58
5.99
6.56
7.79
6.46
5.98
MAINE
Lewiston—Auburn
Portland
186.4 0
146.61
191.28
203.18
163.11
207.67
202. 10
160.18
202.40
40.0
37.4
40. 1
40.8
38.2
40.8
37.6
40.0
4.66
3.92
4.77
4.98
4.27
5.09
5.04
4.26
5.06
MARYLAND
Baltimore
248. 18
261.70
269.47
282.58
272.02
287.53
39.9
4C.2
40.4
4C.6
40.6
40.9
6.22
6.51
6.67
6.96
6.70
7.03
MASSACHUSETTS
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Lawrence-Haverhil!
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield—Chicopee-Holyoke
Worcester
209.87
232.76
162.06
145.85
205.80
181.03
169.52
222.03
215.20
229.70
255.65
18a.03
161.33
223.28
203.21
196.42
23T.99
234.93
224.53
245.96
176.61
157.88
219.01
200.40
191.01
233. 19
23 1. 42
39.9
44). 2
37.0
35.4
39«5
39. 1
36.3
41.5
40.0 !
40.8
41.3
38.8
36.5
39.8
40.4
39.6
41.5
41.0
39.6
39.8
37.9
3 5.4
38.9
40.0
37.6
41.2
39.9
5.26
5.79
4.38
4-. 12
5.21
4.63
4.67
5.35
5.38
5.63
6.19
4.64
4.42
5.61
5,03
4.96
5.59
5.73
5.67
6.18
4.66
4.46
5.63
5.01
5.08
5.66
5.80
MICHIGAN
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Bay City
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo—Portage
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon--Norton Shores-Muskegon Heights
Saginaw
338.39
363.S6
312.79
361.65
362.26
419.14
266.78
279.98
293.66
368.22
273.70
402.82
361.00
422.9C
336.84
326.90
392.25
425.88
276.27
318.51
306.94
378.70
29 5.28
426.17
368.33
416.04
350.65
323.89
399.68
440. 17
282.93
318.34
315.17
393.65
295.43
434.48
43.2
43.5
4 1. 0
47.8
43.4
48. 1
41.9
41.8
42.0
44.9
41.3
46. 1
43.4
46.3
41.3
42.4
43.9
46.6
41.6
43.8
41.2
43.3
41.2
45,4
43.6
45.3
42. 1
42.3
44. 1
47.3
41.4
43.4
41.9.
4 3.7
41.4
45.0
7.83
8.37
7.63
7.57
8,35
8.71
6.37
6.70
6.99
8.20
6.6 3
8.74
8.32
9.13
8. 16
7.71
8.94
9.14
6.64
7.27
7.45
8,75
7.17
9.39
8.45
9.18
8.33
7.66
9.06
9.31
6.83
7.34
7.52
9.01
7.14
9.66
MINNESOTA
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
244.82
219.45
264.96
262.85
245.86
284.82
264.77
239.02
284.38
40.2
38.5
40.7
40.5
39.4
41.1
40.3
38.0
40.8
6,09
5.70
6.51
6.49
6.24
6*93
6.57
6.29
6.97
MISSISSIPPI
Jackson
172.16
183.83
186.24
210.50
186.65
206.09
40.7
41.0
4C.4
42.1
40.4
41.3
4.23
4«63
4,61
5»00
4.62
4.99
OCT.
1977
ILLINOIS
Bloomington—Normal
Champaign— Urbana—Rantoul
Chicago SMSA
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
See footnotes at end of table.
112
SEPT.
1978
OCT.
1978P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas—Continued
Average weakly earnings
State and area
Average weekly hours
Average hourly earnings
OCT.
1977
OCT.
1978P
SEPT,
1978
SEPT.
1978
OCT.
197 8P
OCT.
1977
SEPT, OCT.
1978 1978P
$243.76
279.97
214.38
281.06
196.67
$255.33
291.62
232.88
300.77
217.95
$255.60
296.53
237.69
299.94
212.69
40.9
41.6
39.7
41.7
39.1
40.4
40.9
40.5
41.6
39.7
40.0
40.9
40.7
41.2
38.6
6.73 !
5.40
6.74
5.03
5.49
$6.39
7.25
5.84
7.28
5,51
300.84
328.75
326.82
43. 1
41.3
40.7
6.98
7,96
8,03
224.81
211.87
24 1.35
253.38
245.46
265.74
253.44
246.25
267.62
40.8
37.7
40.7
42.3
39.4
41.2
42.1
39.4
41.3
5.51
5.62
5.93
5.99
6.23
6.45
6.02
6.25
6.48
250.04
313.05
243.32
313,86
261.82
39.5
41.3
37.9
38.7
38.0
6.33
7.58
6.42
8.11
188.67
166.30
210.50
205.13
180.18
224.64
|
40.4
206.45
179.60 | 39.5
224.67 I 41.6
40.7
39.6
41.6
40.8
39.3
41.3
4.67
4.21
5.06
5.04
4,55
5.40
5.06
4.57
5.44
245.08
204.34
234.77
236.13
239.54
265.85
248.12
232.78
273.05
261.88
175.50
253.58
255.88
253.49
288.81
260.41
243.58 |
271.34 |
260.60
176.18
254.82
249.55
253.03
288.70
261.88
246.24
270.03
41.4
38.7
4C.2
42.7
40.6
41. 8
41.7
41.2
43. 0
41.7
37.5
40.9
44. 1
40.3
42.1
41.8
40.8
41.3
41.3
38.3
41.3
43.1
40.1
41.6
41.7
40.5
41. 1
5.92
5.28
5.84
5.53
5.90
6.36
5.95
5.65
6.35
6.28
4.68
6.20
5.80 |
6.29
6.86 I
6.23
5.97 !
6.57 |
6.31
4.60
6.17
5.79
6.31
6.94
6.28
6.08
6.5 7
NEW MEXICO
Albuquerque
182.20
185.44
189.91 | 192.38
191.49 ! 192.84
40.4
41*3
38.6
39.0
37.5
38.8
4.51
4.49
4.92
4.91
4.97
NEW YORK
231.60
248.25
211.04
317.25
227.21
307, 15
222.71
221.69
202.61
201.40
197.78
238.43
285.95
230.78
260.00
221.82
232.37
245.22 I
270.91 I
229.48 !
334.70 |
245.83 j
319.18
229.65
232.80
209.66
204.98
201.10
258.58
299.06
241,53
277.44
240.02
245.96
40.2
40.8
41.2
42. 1
40.3
42.5
39.8
4C.0
38.4
38.1
37.8
42.6
42.3
41.5
42. 1
41.1
41.2
39.9
40.5
41.4
41.7
40.5
42.2
208.62
203.79
198.65
247.57
300. 17
244.80
2 8 1 . 11
233.34
255.07
40.0
40.3
40.9
42.3
40.5
42.6
40.2'
39*8
38.3
38.0
37.6
42.5
42.3
42.5
41.8
40*7
41.2
| 38.0
37.6
37.2
4 1.4
42.1
40.8
42.4
40.3
42.3
5.79
6.16
5.16
7.50
5.61
7.21
5.54
5.57
5.29
5.30
5.26
5.61
6.76
5.43
6.22
5.45
5.64
6.10
6.64
5.57
7.95
6. 10
7.51
5.77
5.82
5.46
5.38
5.32
6.07
7.07
5.82
6.59
5.84
5.97
6.14
6.65
5.60
8.03
6.08
7.59
5.79
(*)
5.49
5.42
5.34
5.98
7.13
6.00
6.63
5.79
6,03
167 . 18
166 .00
170 .54
180 .58
185 .57
182 .86
180 .10
189 .11
196 .32
20 5 . 13
184.12
183.06
194.58
198.30
206.63
39.9
40.0
40.8
39.6
39.4
40.1
40.2
41.2
39.5
40.3
40.2
40.5
41.4
39.9
40.2
4.19
4. 15
4 . 18
4.56
4.71
4.56
4.48
4.59
4.97
5.09
4.58
4.52
4.70
4.97
5.14
212.79
225.42
237.05
232.40
263.49 | 248.07
39.7
38.6
40.8
40.6
40.7
38.7
5.36
5.84
5.81
6.49
5,71
6.41
291*75
292.60
289.35
269.24
300.88
245,57
31G.59
311.18
328.44
315.88 |
3C9.40 |
317.46
290.91 !
334.08 i
272.69 |
317.15
325.80
376.51
42. 1
42. 1
40.3
42.4
42.5
40.7
42.1
43.5
40.7
42.4
42.7
42.4
42.3
41.8
40.9
42.3
42.8
40.3
42.7
42.8
42.1
6.93
6.95
7.18
6.38
7.03
6 . 17
7.14
7.22
8.05
7.45
7.28
7.80
6.91
7.68
6.70
7.48
7.63
8.88
7.51
7.29
7.75
7.03
7.71
6.75
7.62
7.73
8.73
MISSOURI
. .
Kansas Citv
St. Joseph .
St. Louis . .
Springfield
MONTANA
. .
NEBRASKA
Lincoln
.
Omaha
.
NEVADA
Las Vegas
. .. .
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Manchester
... .
Nashua
NEW JERSEY
Atlantic City
2
Camden . . .
Hackensack "
,
Jersey City 3
New Brunswick—Perth Amboy—Sayreville
Newark 3 .
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic
Trenton
3
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Monroe County
Nassau-Suffolk
4
s
New York-Northeastern New Jersey
New York and Nassau-Suffolk 3
New York SMSA 5
New York City 6
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockiand County 6
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County 6
NORTH CAROLINA
Ashevilie
Charlotte—Gastonia
Greensboro—Win$ton-Salem—High Point
Raleigh-Durham
NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo-Moorhead
.. .
OHIO
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
OCT.
1977
244.99
269.33
231.84
334.85
246.24
320.30
229.28
(*)
317.67
304.72
316.98
297.37
329.99
272.03
325.37
330.84
367.53
42. 2
42.8
39.8
43.5
43. 1
4 0.8
! 39.6
I (*>
$5.96 I
$6.32
7.13
5.75
7.23
I
6.89
(•)
5.13
|
See footnotes at end of table.
113
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas—Continued
Average weekly earnings
State and area
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly hours
SEPT.
1978
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
$223.58
219.24
235.35
$241.94
235.81
258.04
263.55
294.74
272.63
253.87
240.00
231,17
196.86
247.78
254.75
211*20
254.87
213.84
170.75
SEPT,
1978
1977
SEPT, OCT.
1978P
1978
OCT.
1977
$239.00
233.64
255.36
40.8
40.6
40.3
40.8
39.9
40.7
40.1
39.4
39.9
$5.48
5.40
5.84
$5.93
5.91
6.34
$5.96
5.93
6.40
283.33
313.23
282.75
269.31
286.73
325.13
38.7
40.1
39.8
38.7
38.4
39.4
37.6
38.2
38.8
41.0
6.81
7.35
6.85
6.56
7.38
7.95
7.52
7.05
7.39
7.93
262. 10
257.57
212.06
27 1.35
271.55
239.99
279.89
233.21
189.35
269.06
319*14
230.88
201.96
180.34
235.97
243.69
40.0
38.4
38.6
39.9
41.9
40.0
39.7
40.5
36.1
41.9
39.6
37.7
34.9
39.0
41.7
40.6
38.8
38.4
40.5
42.3
40.3
39.9
40.7
37.7
40.6
41.6
38.9
40 >1
36.0
39.6
42.1
40.2
38.5
37.8
40.2
42.1
40.2
39.7
40.7
37.2
40.4
40.5
39.0
39.6
35.5
40.2
41.8
6.00
6.02
5.10
6.21
6.08
5.28
6.42
5.28
4.73
307.13
221.76
180.96
162.98
2C7.48
221.01
264.31
259.96
218.50
272.16
272.84
236.56
278.10
231.58
191.52
269.99
327.81
230.68
203.71
182.52
230.08
245w44
7.33
5.60
4.80
4.67
5.32
5.30
6.51
6.70 !
5.69
6.72
6.45
5.87
6.97
5.69
5.08
6.65
7.88
5.93
5.08
5.07
5.81
5.83
6.52
6.69
5.61
6.75
6.45
5.97
7.05
5.73
5.09
6.66
7.88
5.92
5.10
5.08
5.87
5.83
175.56
176.40
187.15
190.00
187.50
190.79
39*1
39.2
39.4
40.0
38.9
39>.5
4.49
4.50
4.75
4.75
4.82
4.8 3
179. 11
200*64
177.60
177.39
196*46
225.60
189.60
193.99
195.43
222.32
189.85
T92.44
40.8
41.2
40.0
40.5
41.1
41.7
40.0
41.1
40.8
41.4
39.8
40.6
4.39
4.87
4.44
4.38
4.78
5.41
4.74
4.72
4.79
5.37
4.77
4.74
188.37
161.56
247.80
227.04
184.10
299.99
225.42
176*90
303.15
38.6
40.9
42- 0
42.2
35.2
45.8
41.9
35.1
47.0
4.88
3.95
5.90
5.38
5,23
6.55
5.38
5.04
6.45
195.50
202.59
230.45
225.78
212*74
209.16
217.65
250.91
237*41
227.77
211.00
216.71
252.95
238.00
230.52
40.9
40.6
41.3
41.2
40.6
40.3
41.3
41.2
39.7
40.6
40.5
41.2
41.4
40.0
40.8
4.78
4.99
5.58
5.48
5.24
5.19
5.27
6.09
5.98
5.61
5.21
5.26
6.11
5.95
5.65
230.74
247.40
180.50
320.69
255.37
214.45
163.94
355.58
286.09
164.01
175.56
188.60
192.64
247.83
243.96
190-49
35C.55
277.95
227.77
176.34
408.58
322.83
183.23
178.42
210.60
209.97
248.05
242.65
198.79
355.52
291.29
227.61
175.95
391.00
324.14
186.18
180.97
210.40
215.74
41.5
44.9
41;4
40.8
40.6
41.4
39.6
43. 1
42.7
40.9
41.8
41.0
40.9
41.1
42.8
41.5
41.0
42.5
40.6
41.2
44.8
44.9
40.9
39.3
40.5
39.1
41.0
42.2
41.5
41.1
42.9
40.5
41.4
43.3
44. 1
41.1
39.6
40.0
40.1
5.56
5.51
4k. 36
7.86
6.29
5.18
4.14
8.25
6.70
4.01
4.20
4.60
4.71
6.03
5.70
4.59
8.55
6.54
5.61
4.28
9.12
7.19
4.48
4.54
5.20
5.37
6.05
UTAH
Salt Lake City-Ogden
211.24
198.61
230.08
222.48
226*97
221*03
40.2
40.1
39.6
39.8
38.-6
39.4
5.25
4.95
5.81
5.59
5.88
5.61
VERMONT
Burlington
195.76
217.04
225*34
217.88
255.34
248.20
214.35
244.53
244.22
41.3
41.S
41.5
41.5
43.5
42.5
41.3
42.9
42.4
4.74
5.23
5.43
5.25
5.87
5.84
5.19
5.70
5.76
192*23
171. 16
196.66
224.60
220.86
227.94
208.64
179.27
219.06
230.52
247.34
244.20
211.29
182.02
220.01
239.62
246.22
243.46
40.3
38.9
40.8
42.7
40.6
38.7
40.2
37.9
41.1
40.8
41.5
38.7
40.4
38.0
41.2
41.6
40.9
38.4
4.77
4.40
4.82
5.26
5.44
5.89
5.19
4.73
5.33
5.65
5.96
6.31
5.23
4.79
5.34
5.76
6.02
6.34
OCT.
1977
OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
OREGON
Eugene-Springfield
Jackson County
Portland
PENNSYLVANIA
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Delaware Valley
7
Erie
Harrisburg
Johnstown
Lancaster
Northeast Pennsylvania
Philadelphia SMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
<*)
Scrantoo 8
Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
9
Williamsport
York
RHODE ISLAND
Providence—Warwick—Pawtucket
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston—North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
SOUTH DAKOTA
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
.
TENNESSEE
Chattanooga
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville-Davidson
...
TEXAS
Amanllo
Austin
Beaumont . . .
Corpus Chnsti
Dallas-Fort Worth
El Paso
Galveston— Texas City
Houston
Lubbock
San Antonio
Waco
Wichita Falls
.......
Springfield
VIRGINIA
Bristol
Lynchburg
Norfolk —Virginia Beach —Portsmouth
Northern V i r g i n i a ' 0
Petersburg-Colonial Heights-Hopeweil . . .
See footnotes at end of table.
114
...
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
OCT.
1978P
(*)
(*)
!
5.75
4.79
8.65
6.79
5.62
4.25
9.03
7.35
4.53
4.57
5.26
5.38
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C 13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas
Average weekly earnings
State and area
VIRGINIA—Continued
Richmond
Roanoke
OCT.
1977
SEPT.
1978
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly hours
OCT.
197 8P
OCT.
1977
SEPT. OCT.
1978P
1978
$253.66
192.30
39.7
40.2
41.1
40.2
39.3
39.7
38.8
39.6
OCT.
1977
1978
OCT.
1978P
40.2
40.4
$5.73
4.26
$6.36
4.78
$6.31
4.76
39.3
39.1
40.2
39.1
()
*
()
*
()
*
()
*
6.94
7.01
6.11
7.22
7.65
7.79
6.73
7.78
()
*
()
*
()
*
()
*
$227.1*8
171.25
$261.40
192.16
WASHINGTON
Seattle-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
272.74
278.30
237.07
285,91
300.65
304.59
270.55
304.20
WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston
Huntington—Ashland •
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
248.85
300,30
257.11
260.09
262.C2
272.05
312.01
300.75
278.20
291.85
272.23
313.12
302.40
285.01
288.15
39.5
42.9
37.7
40.2
39.7
39.6
42.8
40.1
39.8
40.2
39.8
42.2
40.0
40.6
40.3
6.30
7.00
6.82
6.47
6.60
6.87
7.29
7.50
6*99
7.26
6.84
42
56
02
7.15
WISCONSIN
Appleton-Oshkosh . .
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
257.76
250.29
256.80
260.81
286.23
215.66
266.31
281.71
271.95
279.00
272.84
273.50
285.86
301.10
219.28
284.70
309.68
296.85
285.02
274.03
275.97
294.76
332.47
219.44
276.78
310.17
298.74
40. 7
41.7
41.4
42.5
38.5
40.4
39.3
40.6
40.4
41. 1
41.8
41.4
42.1
39.1
39.6
40.2
41.2
41.0
41.2
41.8
40.2
42.6
40.4
39.5
39.7
41.2
41. 1
6.34 |
6.01 |
6.21 |
6.14
7.44
5.33
6.78
6.93
6.73
6.79
6.53
6.61
6.79
7.69
5,54
7.08
7.52
7.24
6.91
6.56
6.86
6.91
8.23
5.56
6.98
7.53
7.27
WYOMING .
220.41
267.11
(•)
240.92
276.38
()
*
236.93
232.48
<*)
38.6
38.6
<*)
38.0
38.6
()
*
38.4
36.1
()
*
5.71
6.92
()
*
6.34
7.16
Casper . . .
Cheyenne
1
Based on 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual and adjusted to 1977
rk; not strictly comparable with previously published data.
2
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey.
Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey.
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.
Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania.
8
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:
benchArea:
()
*
()
•
()
•
()
*
6.17
6.44
()
*
awanna County.
9
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Luzerne County.
10
Subarea of Washington, D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Alexandria,
Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun,
and Prince William Counties, Virginia.
p=preliminary.
Not available.
Area:
SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.
Lack-
115
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-1. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date
(Per 100 employees!
Annual
average
Year
Feb.
Jan.
Mar
Apr.
June
May
Sept
Aug.
July
Nov.
Oct
Dec.
Total accessions
4. 7
4. 0
3. 9
4. 5
4.8
4.2
3.7
3.9
4. 0
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
4.
4.
3.
4.
4.
4.
2.
3.
3.
3.
6
0
5
1
7
2
9
o,
7
g
3.9
3.6
3. 1
3. 7
4. 1
3.7
2. 7
3. 5
3. 7
3. Z
4. 4
3. 7
3. 5
4. 0
4. 5
4. 1
3. 2
4^ 2,
4. 0
3# 7
4. 5
3.7
3. 6
4. 1
4. 6
4. 5
3.7
3. 9
3. 8
4. 0
4.
4.
4.
4.
5.
5.
4.
4#
4.
4^
8
0
9
4
1
0
5
6
7
6. 6
5.4
4. 9
5.4
5. 9
5.4
4. 5
4. 8
4*. 9
4. 8
5.
4.
4.
4.
5.
4.
4.
4^
4.
4#
1
4
0
7
2
3.
3.
2.
3.
4.
3.
2.
2.
3.
3.
9
0
7
5
1
7
6
9
0
3
9
6
3
3
6
1
3
1
6. 3
5. 5
5. 2
5. I
5. 2
5. 3
5. 9
4. 7
4. 8
5.4
5.8
4. 9
4. 6
4. 4
4^6
4O8
5.
3.
3.
4.
5.
3.
3.
3.
p 3 .
P
4O
0
8
4.3
4. 8
3. 5
3.4
3.4
4.3
4.
2.
2.
3.
0
7
7
9
5.
5.
5.
6.
9
8
2
8
7
5
9
3. 6
3.0
3.3
3. 7
3.8
2.4
2. 8
2. 9
3*. 1
2.9
2.8
2. 1
1. 9
1.4
2.2
1. 6
2. 1
2.0
1.0
1. 3
1. 3
1. 6
2.4
2.5
2. 7
2.6
1. 8
2.2
2. 2
2 ^
3
1979
New hires
3.7
2. 8
2. 6
3.3
3. 9
3. 2
2. 0
2. 6
2. 8
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
3.3
2.9
2.0
2. 6
3.0
2.5
1.9
2. 5
3.4
3. 5
2. 6
2. 2
2. 8
2.6
2.3
3.5
3.2
3.5
2. 9
3. 7
3. 2
2. 8
3. 1
3.3
1.3
1.2
2. 1
2. 1
2. 1
1. 6
2. 6
2.2
1.3
2.7
2.6
2. 5
2.2
2. 7
2. 9
2.7
3.
2.
2.
3.
8
8
7
7
5. 4
3. 9
3. 5
4.2
4.5
4.0
5. 0
4. 3
2.
3.
3.
3.
2.5
0
1
5
6
3. 6
3.7
3. 9
3.4
4. 5
5. 1
4.2
3. 1
3. 6
4. 0
4.1
4. 8
3.9
3. 1
3.2
3.5
3e9
4.4
2. 9
2. 5
2. 5
2.9
P
3O5
2. 9
3. 1
1. 7
1.8
1. 9
2.2
Recalls
1976
1977
1978 .
1979
1. 0
. 9
1. 4
1. 2
1. 0
1. 0
1. 3
1. 2
1. 1
8
1. 0
9
1. 0
8
8
8
. 9
.8
.7
.7
.6
. 6
.7
.6
.7
.5
6.6
6.0
5.3
5. 5
5. 8
5.5
4.4
4.7
4.8
4.8
5.4
5.3
4.3
4.4
5.0
5. 1
4. 1
4. 1
3.8
p
4el
4.3
4.3
3. 7
3.8
4.2
5. 0
3. 5
3.4
3.4
4.2
4. 1
3.8
3.7
4.0
5.2
3.4
3.5
3.3
4. 0
3. 0
2.8
3. 6
4. 6
4. 0
2.5
2.8
3. 1
3.4
4.4
3.3
2.9
3.5
4. 0
3.3
2. 1
2. 5
2. 8
3.0
3.0
2. 1
2.0
2. 5
3. 1
2.2
1. 6
1. 7
1. 9
p
2.3
2. 1
1.4
1.5
2.0
2.3
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.5
1. 6
1.2
1.2
1.6
1. 6
1.0
.9
1. 0
1.2
1. 1
1. 7
1.8
. 9
.8
1. 1
1.3
1. 1
1.0
.7
1. 1
1. 7
1.5
. 9
.8
1.2
1.5
1.3
1. 1
.8
1.3
2.2
1.5
1.0
. 8
1.8
1. 6
1.5
1.3
2. 1
1.5
1.0
1. 1
2.8
1. 7
1.5
1. 1
1.8
2.2
1.8
1.3
1.6
3.6
1.9
1.8
1.4
1. 1
1. 1
9
8
9
9
.8
.8
.8
5.3
5.3
4.8
4. 8
5.2
4.9
4.4
4.3
4.2
4. 1
6.2
5.6
5.5
5. 5
6.5
6.2
4. 7
4.9
5. 1
5.2
2.7
2. 1
1. 8
2.2
-2.8
2. 6
1.5
1.9
1.9
2. 1
1. 6
2.3
2. 1
1. 7
1.4
1.4
2. 0
1. 6
1.4
1. 0
p
1
Total separations
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
4. 9
4. 8
4.2
4. 3
4. 7
4 9
4.2
3.8
3. 8
4. 5
4. 8
4.2
4. 1
4.3
5. 0
6. 1
3. 7
3.9
3. 6
4. 0
4. 3
3. 5
3.5
3. 8
4. 1
4. 5
3. 0
3.4
3. 1
4.4
4.4
3. 7
3. 9
4. 3
4.4
4.2
3. 5
3.4
3.5
4. 5
4. 8
3.9
3.8
4.2
4.3
4. 0
3. 6
3.4
3.6
4. 6
4. 6
3. 7
3.9
4.4
4.4
3. 9
3.4
3. 5
3.6
4.6
4.4
3.8
4.2
4. 5
4.2
3. 7
3. 6
3. 5
3.8
Quits
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
.
2. 7
2. 1
1.8
2.3
2. 8
2.4
1.4
1.7
1. 8
2.3
2. 1
1. 5
1. 7
2.3
2.2
1. 1
1. 3
1.4
1.5
2. 1
1. 9
1. 3
1.6
2. 1
2. 0
.9
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.4
2.0
1.5
1.9
2.5
2. 3
1.0
1. 6
1.6
1.8
2. 6
2. 1
1.6
2.0
2.5
2.4
1. 1
1. 7
1. 7
2. 0
2. 7
2. 1
1. 7
2.2
2. 8
2.7
1.3
1. 7
1.9
2. 1
2. 6
2. 1
1. 8
2.2
2. 8
2. 5
1.4
1.8
1. 9
2.2
Layoffs
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
..
p=preliminary.
116
1.2
1. 8
1. 6
1. 1
. 9
1. 5
2. 1
1.3
1. 1
1.2
1. 7
1.9
1. 5
1. 1
1. 8
4. 0
1. 6
1.7
1.2
1.0
1.5
1.4
1. 1
. 8
1.3
2. 9
1.0
1.4
.9
1.0
1.6
1.4
1. 1
.8
1. 1
2. 5
1. 1
1. 0
. 9
.9
1. 7
1.4
1.0
.7
.9
2. 1
1. 1
.9
.7
.9
1. 5
1.2
.9
.7
.8
1.8
.9
. 8
.7
1. 0
1. 5
1.2
1. 1
.7
. 8
1. 6
.9
.8
.7
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry
Separation rates
Accession rates
Total
1972
SIC
Sept.
1978
MANUFACTURING
24, 25,
32-39
20-23,
26-31
Recalls
New hires
Layoffs
Quits
Total
Industry
Code
Oct.
1978 P
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978 P
Sept.
1978
3.9
3. 5
0. 7
0. 6
4. 8
Oct.
1978
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978 P
Sept.
1978
Oct.
Sept.
1978 P
1978
Oct.
1978 F
4. 1
3.0
2. 3
0. 9
4.8
4. 3
DURABLE GOODS
4. 5
4. 1
3. 5
3. 3
. 6
. 4
4.2
3.6
2. 6
2. 0
. 6
. 6
NONDURABLE GOODS
5.4
4.8
4. 4
3.8
.8
. 7
5.8
4.8
3.8
2.8
1. 1
1. 2
6. 3
4. 9
4. 0
6.8
6.4
9. 7
9. 9
11.4
6.4
5. 7
—
-
5. 7
4. 3
3. 5
6. 3
5. 9
9. 0
9.3
10. 7
5.8
5. 0
—
-
. 4
. 3
. 3
. 4
.4
. 5
. 4
. 5
. 5
. 4
—
-
7. 3
6. 0
5. 3
8. 0
7.8
9.3
12. 0
11.8
6. 0
6. 3
—
-
5. 3
4. 5
3.9
5.8
5. 7
7. 9
7.8
8.2
4. 7
4. 0
—
-
.
.
.
.
.
.
1.
.
.
7
4
5
8
7
3
7
6
5
1. 1
-
6.8
7. 3
7. 6
6. 5
6. 7
4. 9
7. 3
6. 1
-
.
.
.
.
4
3
2
3
2
. 1
. 3
. 4
-
7. 2
7. 5
8. 1
6. 1
7 3
4.7
8.5
6. 0
-
5. 1
5. 5
5.9
4. 9
5. 2
3.2
5.7
4. 1
-
. 7
. 6
.8
. 1
. 6
-
-
. 3
. 9
3. 6
1. 9
2. 1
1. 7
5. 0
1. 1
6.4
4. 5
4. 7
3. 1
3. 5
—
—
—
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
3
2
5
8
1
5
6
4
2
.4
-
4. 8
4. 0
4. 5
3. 5
5. 3
2. 1
7.8
5. 3
5. 6
3. 7
4. 1
-
2. 9
1.8
2. 1
1. 3
3.6
1.2
5. 6
3. 6
3. 5
2.3
2. 3
-
2. 1
1. 1
1. 0
3.4
3. 3
3. 9
1. 2
2. 0
2.7
1. 0
1.8
2. 0
. 5
. 7
. 7
. 5
—
2. 6
-
. 4
. 3
. 7
. 1
. 3
. 2
. 4
. 3
.8
—
—
-
1. 6
1. 1
. 9
2.4"
2. 3
2.4
1.4
1. 3
1.8
,8
1. 1
2. 9
1. 1
—
3.2
2.7
2. 6
4. 0
3. 7
4. 5
2. 5
2. 5
3.8
1. 7
2. 1
5. 2
4. 5
4. 6
5. 7
5. 7
4. 2
4. 1
4. 3
4. 4
5.2
5. 1
4. 3
(» b
0.8
DURABLE GOODS
24
242
2421
243
2431
244
245
2451
249
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
'.
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
25
251
2511
2512
2515
252
254
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Partitions and fixtures
7.4
7. 9
8. 1
7. 0
7. 0
5. 0
8. 1
6. 7
-
32
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
329
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
4. 3
2. 7
2. 5
2.8
6. 0
1. 2
7. 0
5. 4
5.2
3. 5
4. 1
—
—
33
331
3312
332
3321
3325
333
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
2. 9
2. 2
2. 1
4. 1
3. 9
4. 7
1. 5
2. 5
2. 9
1. 5
2.4
2. 7
—
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
348
349
3494
3496
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades.
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors sash and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Screw machine products bolts etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products
4. 9
3. 1
2. 7
4. 4
4. 3
4. 4
5.3
5. 6
5. 5
4. 6
8. 4
3. 0
6. 9
-
4. 5
5. 5
3. 6
4.2
3. 0
3. 9
5.2
8. 5
2. 6
4.6
3.2
7. 0
-
-
~
-
—
5. 5
5. 5
-
4. 4
4. 3
4.2
1. 5
-
. 9
4. 0
. 9
3. 7
3. 7
3. 7
4. 6
4. 9
4.9
. 5
1. 1
1. 3
.3
. 4
. 4
.
.
.
.
6. 9
2. 5
6.4
-
4. 3
5.4
3. 3
3.4
2.8
2. 6
4. 6
7. 5
2. 0
3. 9
2. 5
6. 5
-
1
6
6
6
1.4
. 3
. 4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
2
4
1
4
5
7
5
5
4
3
-
-
-
—
4. 1
4. 8
3. 4
3. 9
2. 5
3. 1
5.2
6.9
2.4
4. 5
3. 5
6. 3
-
2. 6
2.4
-
.8
1. 2
1. 5
. 7
. 5
. 2
. 9
. 5
.9
. 5
. 7
-
.6
. 7
. 7
. 6
. 5
. 7
. 3
. 3
. 1
. 5
.2
. 9
. 9
. 7
1.8
1.4
2.9
2. 7
3. 0
3. 0
3.4
3.2
-
J. 4
1.8
4. 0
. 5
1. 0
-
2. 8
3. 6
2. 1
2. 2
1.6
1. 3
3.4
4.8
1. 4
3. 1
2. 1
5. 1
. 2
. 1
. 3
. 6
. 1
. 9
. 5
. 3
. 4
. 4
. 5
.2
—
-
—
. 6
2. 7
3.2
. 5
. 4
. 5
. 3
. 7
. 7
3. 1
6. 0
-
A
3. 0
. D
-
-
See footnotes at end of table.
117
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry—Continued
Accession rates
1972
Total
35
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3533
354
3541
3544
3545
355
3551
3552
356
3561
3562
3564
357
3573
358
3585
359
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3694
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
Total
Layoffs
Quits
Industry
SIC
Code
351
Separation rates
Recalls
New hires
Sept .
1978
MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
3.4
2.4
1. 5
2.8
Oct.
1978 P
3. 4
-
4. 5
4. 4
3. 1
2. 6
4. 1
3. 2
2. 2
3.9
3. 3
3. 0
2. 4
4. 1
2. 7
2. 1
2.9
3.8
3. 2
2.9
3. 7
3.8
4. 7
_
-
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
'ndustrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Engine electrical equipment
4. 1
3.7
3.9
3. 5
3. 0
3. 1
2. 9
4. 7
3. 9
2. 3
7. 3
4. 7
3. 1
4. 3
6.4
6. 3
2. 7
1. 7
3. 1
5. 4
4. 1
3.8
--
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
5. 1
5.8
7. 5
4, 5
4. 3
6.9
2.8
2.8
2.Z
3.8
7. 7
7. 6
8. 1
4.8
1. 8
1. 7
7. 6
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
3. 2
2. 9
3. 4
3. 8
3.8
3. 1
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Oil field machinery
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Blowers and fans
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
See footnotes at end of table.
118
-
-
4.2
6. 5
3. 7
3. 4
-
~
Sept.
1978
2.8
1. 7
1. 0
2. 0
3.1
3. 0
2.8
2. 3
3.8
2. 7
1. 9
3. 0
3. 0
2. 5
2.2
2.9
2. 3
2. 0
2.2
3. 5
2.8
2. 7
2.8
2. 6
4. 3
3.2
2. 6
2. 6
2. 6
2.2
2. 3
1. 9
3. 0
1. 1
. 6
6. 1
4. 0
2. 1
3. 8
4. 1
3.4
2. 1
1. 3
2. 5
4. 6
2. 9
3. 5
6. 0
3. 1
2. 7
2.9
2.8
2. 3
3. 7
2.9
6. 5
2. 3
2. 2
1. 7
3.4
4. 5
3.8
7. 1
2.3
1. 0
.9
Oct.
1978 P
2.8
-
2.8
2. 7
2. 7
2. 4
3. 3
2. 7
0. 3
. 1
_
-
-
3. 0
—
-
—
—
-
-
Oct.
1978 P
0. 3
-
I1)
2
-
-
.9
.9
. 2
_
-
2
h
.2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
4
1
3
1
8
2
1
2
-
.2
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
6
8
3
. 4
. 5
. 7
. 3
. 4
.5
.5
. 6
. 8
.6
.8
. 4
. 2
. 2
. 7
. 3
•
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-
9
2
2
2
4
4
5
3
3
4
1. 7
2. 4
4. 4
. 2
.8
. 3
~
2. 7
—
-
.
.
.
.
1
3
9
2
(1)
Oct.
1978P
Sept.
1978
3. 2
2. 0
1.8
2. 1
2. 5
_
_
-
2. 0
.8
. 4
.9
3. 6
3. 5
2. 7
2. 2
3. 4
3. 1
1.8
3. 9
3. 3
_
_
2. 1
2. 0
1. 7
1. 3
2. 3
1. 9
1. 3
2. 1
2. 5
1.6
1. 6
1.8
1. 7
1. 5
1. 4
2. 3
2. 0
1. 9
2. 1
2. 1
3. 3
2.8
2.
3.
2.
2.
2.
3.
2.
2.
4.
4.
5
3
7
2
6
6
9
7
0
3
4. 1
3.8
3. 7
4. 0
3. 2
3. 2
3. 5
7. 1
14. 5
3. 4 |
5. 7
4. 2
_
_
_
_
-
-
. 1
-
3. 0
2. 7
2. 3
4. 7
2. 7
4. 5
1. 5
1.4
1.2
2. 5
6. 0
5.9
6. 6
3. 5
1. 3
1. 1
9. 0
3. 5
2. 6
3. 5
3. 3
3.4
3.8
—
—
Sept.
1978
1. 4
0. 3
.2
.2
. 2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
1.7
—
2. 0
1. 8
1. 8
1. 7
2. 8
2. 5
1. 2
4. 5
2. 5
1. 0
2. 6
2. 8
2.8
1. 4
.9
-
2.8
0. 3
_
_
-
_
_.
i
06
.
. 1
.4
-
. 6
.2
3
. 4
. 1
0 !"
.6
.3
. 4
.5
.5
.7
2 5
9.0
1. 6
.4
4
2. 0
. 1
.2
!
.5
_
"
._
-
.1
1. 7
3. 3
1. 6
-
1. 6
1. 5
1. 2
2, 9
1.4
3. 1
1. 0
. 9
. 7
1. 7
2.9
2. 4
4. 6
1. 0
. 6
. 5
5. 9
-
2.4
1. 9
2.2
1. 7
1. 9
2.8
. 2
.3
l.t
1.8
~
Oct.
1978 F
4
4
3
3
-
2. 1
4. 4
2. 0
-
.
.
.
.
. 8
1. 1
• 5
2.2
R
0 1
5
9
5
6
9
2
9
Oct.
1978P
2.3
2. 1
-
1:1
2.
2.
4.
3.
3.
5.
3.
2.
-
3. 3
2.4
4.1
6.7
7
.3
. 1
. 3
3. 0
3. 7
.9
1. 7
, 5
. 6
. 9
.2
Sept.
1978
4.8
.2
6.6
3. 1
Sept.
1978
—
-
,
.
.
.
.
.
4
5
4
3
4
3
,
.
.
.
.
.
6
3
3
9
4
1
C)
n
-
:
2.0
—
1.8
2. 4
.6
1. 2
. 3
. 2
1. 7
. 4
.2
.5
.8
. 4
.2
.3
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2.
Labor turnover rates, by industry—Continued
Accession rates
1972
Total
SIC
Code
39
391
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
399
New hires
Total
Recalls
Quits
Layoffs
Industry
Sept.
1978
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
Separation rates
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS—Cont'd
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical cind medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Miscellaneous manufactures
Oct.
1978P
Sept.
1978
-
2.4
7. 6
6. 3
5. 9
10. 4
13.4
7. 3
4. 7
9. 6
6. 0
6. 5
8. 1
7.8
4. 7
5. 7
14. 0
4. 2
18. 4
4. 7
4. 0
3. 9
4.5
9. 6
4. 5
5.2
3. 3
5. 4
7. 3
6.7
—
|
-
2. 7
4. 3
5. 3
3. 4
4.2
1.4
4. 5
-
Oct.
1978P
Oct.
1978 P
Sept.
1978
-
0. 1
. 2
6.4
5. 4
4. 9
8. 5
12. 3
4. 6
4. 2
8. 0
5. 1
5. 6
1. 0
.8
.6
1. 5
. 7
2. 3
.2
1. 3
. 7
0. 8
6. 3
6. 3
3. 1
4. 1
12. 5
3. 7
13. 9
3.9
4. 9
-
1. 6
1. 0
1. 1
1. 5
.7
.3
4. 4
.7
. 4
.2
1.6
4.0
1. 0
.9
1.6
.2
1. 0
1. 5
—
-
3.4
1. 0
_
-
1.7
.3
-
4. 4
3.2
4.2
5. 1
5. 3
4. 6
5. 9
5. 4
4. 2
5. 0
3.9
3. 1
4.9
5.8
3. 6
4. 3
—
—
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
3
3
6
2
7
7
'. 2
. 5
. 4
2. 0
.3
.4
.5
.5
. 5
5. 0
2. 6
5. 1
4.9
4.4
6.8
4. 5
5. 7
6. 1
4.4
4. 9
5.2
6.8
4. 4
-
1. 1
1.2
—
—
2. 9
1.3
2. 3
3.9
5. 0
3. 0
3. 6
1.2
3.9
-
-
(*)
. 3
. 3
. 1
.2
—
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978?
Sept.
1978
_
_
-
2. 4
2. 3
2. 7
2. 0
3. 5
2. 4
6. 8
5. 2
4.8
9.7
11.8
7. 6
5. 1
7. 5
5. 3
6. 2
9. 1
8.4
5. 6
5. 9
14.2
5. 5
22. 2
7. 5
—
-
Oct.
1978 P
Sept.
1978
Oct.
1978
_
_
-
0. 1
, 3
4. 4
4. 0
3. 5
5.8
7.8
3.8
3. 3
5. 1
3. 3
4. 0
. 8
. 6
.4
1.2
.5
1.9
. 4
.8
.6
1. 1
3. 7
—
-
2. 5
1.4
2. 3
1. 6
.2
1. 1
8. 4
.9
. 5
. 5
.7
1.4
.9
1. 5
2. 7
.9
2. 9
—
5. 5
5.9
2.4
3.4
12. 7
3. 6
12. 2
2. 7
2.8
3. 0
2. 1
3. 6
2. 0
3.4
1.2
4. 5
6. 3
2.9
1. 5
_
-
1.8
. 6
_
-
5. 6
4. 6
4. 7
6.6
5. 3
6. 5
5.9
6. 2
7. 3
5.8
6. 7
4.8
4.8
7.0
4.7
5. 1
—
4. 0
3.3
3. 7
4.6
3. 9
4.6
4.4
5. 0
3. 5
-
6. 5
5. 9
6. 9
6. 1
7. 0
7.8
6.3
6.9
7.2
5.9
6.7
5. 5
7.0
5.8
-
4. 0
3. 0
3. 1
2. 7
3. 1
3. 6
3. 7
3. 4
5. 1
2. 9
5.8
-
3.2
-
, 4
.6
. l
1. 1
_
-
-
NONDURABLE GOODS
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
203
204
205
2051
2052
206
207
208
2082
2086
209
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products
21
211
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes
5. 5
1.8
-
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
227
228
229
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
5. 2
4.2
4. 9
5.9
5.8
5. 6
7. 0
5. 7
4. 9
5. 5
6. 2
3. 7
5. 5
6. 8
4. 6
5. 1
-
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
234
2341
2342
236
238
239
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Misc apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
6.4
4.2
6. 3
5. 9
6. 1
7. 7
6. 1
6. 7
7. 1
5. 0
6. 9
6. 5
7.8
5.8
—
-
26
261,2,6
262
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
3. 3
1. 5
1. 4
2. 9
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
-
—
-
3.4
3. 5
2.7
5. 4
3.2
4. 1
1.4
5. 1
6. 1
1.2
I
—
-
—
-
1.2
.9
. 7
1. 5
. 6
1. 3
.7
.8
. 4
1. 7
1. 1
.7
. 3
. 1
.1
!
4.4
4. 0
-
—
—
—
-
—
, 4
4.0
3.6 |
6.0
3. 5
6.2
5.2
6.8
9.6
-
—
-
4.8
5. 0
3. 7
2. 9
3. 7
5. 5
3.2
2.2
—
4. 5
2. 5
5.4
4.8
5. 3
6. 5
3.8
5. 5
5.9
3. 7
4. 8
4. 1
4.9
3. 6
-
2. 5
2. 0
2. 1
1. 4
—
-
.3
(!)
. 5
. 3
. 1
.9
.6
. 7
.2
. 4
1.6
•1
.4
. 9
.2
. 5
.6
—
—
.6
-
-
1. 1
2.9
.7
. 5
1. 0
.6
1.4
. 5
.3
.9
1. 1
. 7
.6
1. 3
-
. 6
.4
5
—
-
.4
See footnotes at end of table.
119
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry —Continued
1972
SIC
Code
PAPER A N D ALLIED PRODUCTS—Continued
263
264
26b
2651
2653
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paperhoard r.ontaineis and boxes
...
holding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
27
271
272
273
274
275
2751
2752
278
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals . .
...
Books
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Blankbooks and bookbinding
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2844
285
286
287
289
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics . . . .
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, nonceltulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
29
291
295
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
30
301
302
303,4
RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS . .
lues and inner tubes
Rubber and plastic footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastic hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
306
307
31
311
314
3143
3144
.. .
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS . ...
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
NONMANUFACTURING:
MliMiNG
10
101
102
METAL MINING
Copper ores
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING .
13
131,2
OH. AND GAS EXTRACTION
142
144
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and
natural gas liquids
Oil and gas field services
NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
COMMUNICATION:
Telephone communication
!
Less than 0.05.
120
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED LABOR TURNOVER
0 3
Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date, seasonally adjusted
[Per 100 employees]
Apr.
May
July
Aug.
Sept
Total accessions
_
1969 .
1970 .
1971 .
1972 .
1973 .
1974 .
1975 .
1976 .
1977 .
1978 .
1979 .
4. 6
3. 8
4. 2
4.9
4. 0
3. 7
4.4
5. 1
4. 5
3.2
4.2
4. 1
3.9
4.8
4.4
3, 7
4.3
5.2
4.6
3. 1
4.2
4.4
4. 0
1969 .
1970 .
1971 .
1972
1973 .
1974 .
1975
1976 .
1977 .
1978 .
197 9
4.9
4. 0
3.8
4.4
4.9
4. 7
3. 8
4. 1
3.9
4.2
4.7
4. 1
3.8
4.4
4. 8
4. 5
3.6
3.9
3.9
4. 0
5. 0
4. 1
3.8
4.3
4. 7
4.3
3.8
3.8
3.9
3. 9
4. 7
4. 1
3. 8
4.3
4. 6
4.2
4.0
3.8
3. 9
3. 8
4. 5
3.9
4. 0
4.5
4.6
4. 1
4. 0
3. 7
3.7
3.8
4.7
3.9
4. 0
4. 5
4, 8
4. 0
3. 8
3. 7
3. 9
40 1
4. 6
3. 8
3. 9
4.6
4,8
3.8
3, 9
3. 8
4. 0
P
4.4
4.5
3.7
4. 0
4. 7
5. 0
3, 3
3. V
3, 8
4. 1
3.9
2. 9
2,4
3.2
4. 1
3. 6
1. 5
2. 9
2. 9
3. 0
4.9
4.4
3, 8
4.3
5.0
4. 7
3.0
4. 2
4. 0
4.2
3.8
2. 8
2. 5
3.2
4. 0
3. 5
1. 7
2. 8
2. 8
3. 1
3. 7
2. 7
2. 5
3.3
4. 0
3. 5
1. 8
2. 7
3. 0
3.0
3.9
I. 8
2. 5
3.2
3. 8
3.3
1.9
2. 7
2.8
3. 0
3. 7
2. 8
2. 6
3. 2
3. 7
3.2
2.3
2. 6
2. 7
2. 9
3. 5
2.7
2. 6
3.3
3. 7
3. 1
2.3
2.5
2. 7
2O8
3.7
2. 6
2. 6
3» 4
3,8
3, 0
2 3
2.4
2. 7
3. 1
3.6
2.5
2. 5
3.6
3,9
2. 7
2.4
2,5
2. 8
P3.4
3. 5
2.4
2. 7
3.7
4. 1
2. 3
2. 5
2. 5
2. 9
3. 5
2.4
2. 9
4. 0
3. 8
1.9
2. 5
2. 6
3.3
4. 9
4. 8
4. 6
4.2
4. 6
4. 7
3.9
3. 9
3.9
3O7
4.9
4. 8
4. 3
4.3
4.5
4. 5
3.8
3.9
3.8
3/7
5.
5.
4.
4.
4.
4.
3.
3.
3.
0
0
1
1
7
8
8
9
7
4.9
4. 7
4. 1
! 4.3
| 4.8
! 5.1
3. 8
3. 7
3. 9
4.9
4.4
4 . .1
4.4
4,8
4. 9
3. 5
3, 7
3S 9
2.7
2. 0
1.8
2. 2
2. 7
2.3
1. 5
1. 7
1.8
1.9
2. 7
2. 0
1.8
2. 3
2.
1.
1.
2.
7
9
8
3
2. 7
1. 8
2.
2.
3.
1.
9
0
5
6
1.
1.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.2
1.9
1. 7
1.0
. 9
1.3
1.7
1.4
1. 1
u 8
3, 1
3. 9
4. u
4.4
Total separations
1969 .
1970 .
1971 .
1972 .
1973 .
1974 .
1975 .
1976 .
1977 .
1978 .
1979 .
4. 9
4. 9
4. 0
4.2
4. 8
4.9
4. 6
3.9
3.7
3.8
4. 8
5.2
4. 1
4.2
4.6
4. 7
4.6
3. 9
3.7
4. 0
4. 8
5. 0
4. 2
4.2
4. 6
4. 5
4. 6
3.8
3. 8
3.9
4. 8
4. 5
4.2
4. 5
5. 0
4. 8
4. 1
4. 5
4.7
4.5
3.9
3.9
3.9
4. 0
Quits
1969 .
1970 .
1971 .
1972 ,
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2.7
2.4
1. 8
2. 1
2. 8
2. 7
1.4
1. 6
1.9
2. 0
2. 8
2.3
1. 7
2.2
2. 9
2.7
1. ?
1.9
1. 8
2.0
2. 7
2. 5
1. 7
2. 1
2. 9
2. 8
1. 3
1. 7
1.9
? 0
2. 8
2.3
1. 7
2.2
2. 8
2.6
1.2
1. 8
1. 8
2.2
2. 7
2. 1
1. 8
2.2
2. 8
2.6
1.3
1. 7
1. 9
2. 1
2. 7
2. 2
1. 8
2. 2
2.8
2, 5
1.4
1. 7
1. 8
2. 1
2. 7
2. 1
I. 8
2. 2
2.7
2. 5
1.4
1. 7
1.8
2. 0
2.3
1.4
1. 7
1. 9
1. 9
'2.3
1
j 1.8
| 1.6
1. 6
2. 0
2.
1.
1.
2.
2.
1.
1,
1.
2.
6
9
9
6
7
7
5
7
0
Layoffs
1969 ..
1970 . .
1971 .,
1972 ,
1973 . .
1974 . .
1975 . .
1976 . .
1977 ..
1978 . .
1. 1
1. 5
1. 7
1,2
. 9
1.4
2,9
1.2
1. 3
- 9
1. 1
J. 7
1.5
1. 2
. 8
1.3
2.9
1.0
1.4
. 9
T
1.1
1.8
1. 5
1. 1
.9
1.2
2. 7
1.2
1. 1
1.0
1.
1.
1.
1.
l!
2.
1.
1.
•
0
9
5
2
8
1
6
3
1
9
1. 1
1.9
1. 6
1.2
. 9
1.0
2.5
1.3
1. 1
1. 0
1.
1.
1.
1.
.
1.
2.
1.
i.
1.
1
9
5
4
9
1
2
3
2
0
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1
5
5
4
2
2
7
4
2
• 9
1
9
0
1
0
4
7
4
3
•9
1.3
2.2
1. 5
1.0
.8
1. 8
1. 5
1.5
1. 1
1.3
2. 0
1. 4
9
1. 0
2. 4
1. 5
1. 3
1. 0
1.4
1. 7
1.3
, 9
1* 1
2. 5
1.3
1.2
1. 0
p-preliminary.
121
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas
[ Per 100 employees ]
Accession rates
Total
Aug.
1978
New hires
Sept
1978 P
Aug.
1978
Se
78*
Separation rates
P
Aug.
1978
ALABAMA:
3. 8
10. 1
Birmingham
Mobile
1
5. 2
13. 7 15. 8
ALASKA
.
CONNECTICUT
Hartford
l
Fort Lauderdale—Hollywood
Jacksonville
Miami
Orlando
5. 7
Pensacola
Tampa—St. Petersburg
West Palm Beach—Boca Raton
GEORGIA
Atlanta
.
.
.
10. 3 10. 5
11. 9
19. 7
6. 8
8. 0
5.7
4. 3
1.
1.
2.
1.
5. 2
4.8
1. 0
.2
9.8
8.4
8. 5
7. 4
7. 8
4. 6
. 6
.4
.4
. 3
7. 1
6. 1
6. 3
6.2
4. 7
4. 5
3. 4
2.8
(*)
(*)
2. 2
1. 7
(*)
(*)
.4
.3
.4
.4
3. 3
2. 5
2. 5
2. 5
1. 6
1. 2
1.2
.9
. 8
. 7
1. 0
.6
2. 7
.9
5. 7
7. 0
4. 7
4. 6
4. 2
2. 7
7.2
3. 0
4. 0
5.2
2. 4
3. 3
2. 8
1. 1
5. 2
2. 2
.6
.2
.7
.9
.4
6. 2
6.5
5. 2
6. 1
4. 3
2. 4
6. 5
4. 1
4. 3
4.8
3.4
4. 1
1. 5
6.6
3. 2
.5
. 3
. 3
. 3
.4
.1
.7
1. 0
. 6
. 3
.6
.5
1. 1
.4
.6
.8
.9
.1
4. 0
3. 4
.4
.7
.5
.4
5. 2
3. 9
4. 9
3. 9
3. 7
3. 6
2. 2
. 4
.4
. 3
.4
6. 5
6. 0
5. 5
6.4
(*)
(*)
2. 5
2. 3
(*)
(*)
. 3
.2
2. 8
2. 4
1. 9
1.4
1. 5
1. 2
6.7
7. 7
6. 3
5. 5
7. 0
3. 5
4. 3
3. 7
.8
.8
1. 2
2.9
7.2
7. 4
5. 6
3. 7
6. 0
6.8
4. 8
4. 1
1
1
5
2
7.4
. 7
1. 1
.2
.7
5. 0
4. 5
5.
6.
3.
3.
(*)
9.4
5. 8
7. 0
4. 8
3. 3
4. 8
1. 5
7. 7
3. 6
(*)
(*)
.4
.4
3. 8
4. 0
.6
. 3
. 5
.8
7. 7
7. 0
5. 7
4. 2
5. 7
6. 7
4.2
5. 1
3. 7
1. 2
6.8
4.4
23. 6 30. 8
1.8
2. 5
(*)
.5
.4
5.2
3.4
9.2
5. 5
5. 7
(*)
6.0
3.9
1. 6
6.4
7. 1
4, 5
5. 7
4. 2
1. 4
7. 7
5. 4
FLORIDA
0. 5
5.6
1. 5
(*)
8. 3
0. 6
12. 0 14. 0
3. 1
2. 7
2
COLORADO
1. 5
2. 1
3.2
7. 2
6. 5
North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
3. 1
7. 1
0. 5
7. 5
8.4
Fort Smith
Little Rock
Sept
Aug.
1978 P 1978
0.4
8. 8
8. 3
6.2
5. 3
ARKANSAS
Aug.
Sept
1978 P 1978
1. 7
(*)
Sept P
1978
Sept P A u g .
1978 1978
2.0
2. 9
2. 5
5. 8
6. 3
ARIZONA
DELAWARE
2.8
Layoffs
Quits
Total
Recalls
(*)
4.9
5.5
5. 8
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
. 6
O
(*)
3.9
3. 0
1. 6
4.9
2. 5
2.4
1. 1
. 6
. 8
. 3
(*)
0
0
7
0
.6
.3
(*)
(*)
.9
3. 4
3. 1
1. 1
1. 5
2. 2
1. 5
2. 2
2. 7
1. 5
1. 2
.4
.8
6.6
6.7
6. 1
5.9
. 3
.5
7. 4
7. 1
5.9
4.9
.4
1. 2
4. 2
4. 0
3. 7
3.4
. 2
.2
4. 6
4. 0
3.0
2. 6
.3
.2
INDIANA
4. 3
3. 6
3. 7
3. 6
3. 4
2. 5
2. 8
2. 7
. 5
. 2
. 5
. 2
5. 3
3. 7
4. 3
3. 0
3. 2
2. 5
2. 2
1. 8
1. 1
. 3
1. 3
.3
IOWA
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
4. 9
4. 9
7. 2
4. 6
3. 7
6. 1
3. 9
4. 0
4. 8
3. 6
3. 1
4.4
.7
5. 0
3. 8
6. 7
4. 2
3. 5
5. 2
3. 6
2. 3
4. 3
2. 9
1. 8
3. 4
.5
.7
. 3
.5
1. 1
1. 5
.7
. 5
.9
7. 6
2. 0
8. 9
6. 5
2. 0
7. 8
7 0
1. 8
8. 0
5. 9
1. 9
6. 9
.4
.1
. 5
. 3
.1
.4
10. 2
5. 4
7. 0
5. 7
4. 3
5. 3
6. 2
4. 4
5. 1
4. 1
2. 0
4. 1
2. 6
.6
.1
.6
1. 9
.1
4. 3
3. 2
3. 9
3. 2
2. 9
1. 9
2. 7
1. 0
. 6
. 2
4. 3
3. 4
4. 1
4. 5
2. 7
1. 6
2. 0
1. 7
. 6
. 6
1. 0
1. 2
HAWAII
IDAHO
5
6
.
ILLINOIS:
Chicago SMSA
KANSAS
Topeka
Wichita
.
. .
KENTUCKY
Louisville
.
.
.
.
1.8
. 6
.4
.4
LOUISIANA-.
5. 0
5. 1
4. 5
4. 4
.2
. 5
7. 6
4. 5
3. 6
3. 1
2. 7
.3
8. 1
5. 3
6. 6
6. 5
1. 3
. 8
7. 6
4.9
.2
. 6
6.4
8. 5
7. 3
5. 3
4. 4
5. 6
5. 7
1. 2
5. 1
5. 5
4. 4
1. 8
.9
4. 8
5. 2
3. 8
4. 0
2. 5
2. 1
2. 3
1. 9
2. 1
1.4
1. 9
3. 4
3. 2
3. 3
2. 9
1. 9
1. 6
1. 7
1. 3
.6
2.8
.8
.9
.9
MASSACHUSETTS
Boston
4. 6
3. 5
4. 7
4. 1
3. 4
2. 8
4. 0
3. 4
.8
.4
.5
.4
4.8
4. 1
4. 5
4. 0
3. 1
2. 7
3. 0
2. 5
. 6
.4
.6
. 5
MICHIGAN
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
New Orleans
MAINE
Portland
MARYLAND
Baltimore
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Lansing—East Lansing
See footnotes at end of table.
122
.
.
.
. .
. .
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
1.2
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas—Continued
[ Per 100 employe!
Accession rates
New hires
Total
Sept. A u g .
Sept
Aug.
1978P
1 9 7 8 P 19 78
1978
MINNESOTA
Minneapolis—St. Paul . .
5 6
3. 7
5 3
4. 3
4. 6
3. 3
4. 6
3. 8
MISSISSIPPI:
Jackson
5. 7
6. 2
5. 4
4 3
4 6
3 ]
3 9
3 8
3 0
3. 6
4 1
2 4
3. 3
3 3
2. 4
MONTANA
3 5
(*)
2. 9
( *)
Total
A u g . Sept.
p
197 8 ] 9 7 8
Separation rates
Quits
Sept.
Aug.
1978
1978P
. 4
. 4
0. 8
. 3
. 6
. 3
2. 5
2. 4
1. 5
. 8
. 8
. 6
. 4
. 8
2. 5
(*)
. 6
4. 9
4. 1
5. 9
4. 1
3. 6
2. 8
7. 5
4. 5
. 4
. 3
. 4
5. 4
5. 5
4. 1
4. 1
3. 7
3. 1
3. 6
3. 6
2 ^
3. 7
(*)
4. 5
3. 2
5. 0
(*)
(*)
Layoffs
Aug.
Sept.
197M P
1978
0 5
. 5
0. 5
. 3
. 7
0. 8
~>
5. 2
MISSOURI
Kansas City
St. Louis
Recalls
A u g . SeDt.
1978 P
1978
'7
f*)
5 0
5. 4
. 3
. 4
6. 0
5. 4
4. 8
1 1 8
9. 0
10. 9
8. 5
. 6
. 4
8. 8
8. 9
6, 7
6. 7
5 6
4 7
4. 6
4. 4
. 6
. 1
5. 3
4. 9
4. 1
3. 9
3
5
4.
5.
5.
6.
4
7
7
4
0
7
7
1
3
5.
3.
4
4.
4.
3.
4
3
5
0
7
1
1
2
4.
3.
3
4.
4.
2.
6
1
3
0
7
4
8
2.
4.
2.
2.
4.
3.
2.
8
5
6
9
2
0
3
.
1.
1.
1.
.
2.
1.
8
5
0
7
7
0
1
. 3
9
4
7
5
7
3
5
4
5.
3.
3.
5.
3.
3.
0
1
6
6
1
6
2
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
2.
2.
3
3
9
5
4
9
1
2.
3.
1.
2.
2
2.
1.
1
1
8
0
9
0
5
1.
.
1.
.
.
.
.
6
9
8
8
6
9
5
.
.
,
.
. 3
. 8
. 6
4.
5.
4.
4.
5.
5.
3.
5.
3.
6.
3
2
2
6
5
5
6.
4
4
3
3.
I
7
8
2
9
5
3
8
7
1
0
3
7
4
4.
2.
3.
4
4.
2.
6
5
5
5.
3
2.
2.
3.
5
9
4
0
0
5
I
3
1
4
8
8
9
5
3.
2.
3.
2.
1.
2.
4
3
3.
3.
3
3.
2.
2.
2
2
1
2
8
1
7
6
3
4
1
2
4
5
3.
1.
3.
2.
1.
1.
4
3.
3.
3.
2
2.
2.
2.
1
7
0
0
8
8
8
6
3
4
8
4
3
7
1.
1.
3.
.
.
6
0
5
8
8
2
1. 3
. 7
3
8
5
7
4
4
1
7
3
5
]
7
5
8
4.
3.
3.
3.
3.
2.
5.
4.
4.
4.
3.
3.
3.
3.
2
8
1
1
5
9
9
9
6
8
9
5
0
4
2.
1.
2.
1.
1.
1.
4.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
2.
1.
1
6
5
5
8
5
0
1
7
7
9
9
1
6
2
].
2.
1.
1.
2.
4.
2.
].
1.
2.
1.
1.
2.
2
6
1
5
5
3
1
2
7
7
9
7
6
0
1.
1.
.
1.
4
1
3
6
6
4.
3.
3.
3.
5.
2.
6.
4.
4.
4.
3.
3.
3.
2.
1. 2
1. 2
1.
2.
2
2.
.
1 2
. 6
. 2
1. 7
2. 0
. 6
1. 1
1. 5
1. 6
1. 8
. 8
. 3
. 5
. 6
5 5
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
6 0
4. 2
. . .
. 2
. 4
. 4
3
NEW JERSEY:
Camden 8
Hackensack
Jersey City
Newark
. ..
New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville
Paterson—Clifton—Passaic
Trenton
NEW YORK
Albany—Schenectady—Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira . .
Monroe County
Nassau-Suffolk 10 .
New York and Nassau-Suffolk
New York SMSA 10
New York City l l
Rochester . . . . .
Syracuse
Utica—Rome
Westchester County u
....
. . . .
. . . .
.
...
q
„ 7
9
1.
2.
.
.
1.
1.
1.
.
.
.
4
1
3
9
6
7
9
4
7
5
5
6
8
9
6
. 8
1
2
2
0
5
. 1
. 7
1. 6
1. 9
2. 1
. 4
1. 1
. 7
. 6
NORTH CAROLINA
Charlotte—Gastoni a
Greensboro- Winston-Salem-High Point
6. 5
7.S
5. 5
5.8
5. 9
5. 0
5. 5
6. 9
4. 8
5. 0
5. 3
4. 6
. 6
. 4
. 2
.5
. 4
. 1
6. 7
8. 0
6. 2
5. 2
6. 0
4. 5
5. 3
6. 5
4. 9
4. 0
5. 0
3. 6
. 3
. 3
. 1
NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo— Moorhead
6. 5
6. 9
1 1. 1
8. 7
5. 3
6. 0
7. 3
5. 5
. 9
4. 0
3. 0
7. 3
5. 1
7, 2
5. 5
3. 7
6. 1
3. 7
. 2
OHIO
3.
1.
3.
2.
3.
3.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
1.
6
3
4
5
7
7
0
7
1
2. 5
1. 3
2. 2
2. 3
2. 8
2. 5
2. 0
2. 1
. 9
(*)
3.
1.
3.
3.
3.
2.
2.
2.
2.
3.
2.
3.
3.
3.
3.
2.
3.
3.
6
2
7
1
2
4
6
1
2
1. 9
1. 2
1. 6
2. 1
1. 9
1.9
1. 9
1. 2
. 9
2.
1.
2.
1.
2.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1
2
2
9
0
9
6
7
0
. 6
2
. 3
. 4
. 2
. 1
. 3
. 5
. 9
. 8
1. 2
Akron
Canton
. .
...
..
.
...
Cleveland
Columbus .
Dayton
Toledo . . . .
. . .
Youngstown—Warren
. .
. . .
5
9
5
9
3
4
3
7
3
3.
2.
3.
2.
3.
3.
2.
3.
2.
3
0
4
7
4
1
5
0
7
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(=:<)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
4
9
2
4
1
8
9
6
9
. 2
. 1
. ]
. 3
2. 6
.
.
,
.
.
.
6
5
4
4
2
6
?
8. 5
8. 2
8. 6
7. 4
7. 2
7. 5
7. 5
7. 3
7. 6
6. 7
6. 5
7. 0
. 6
. 8
. 7
. 5
. 6
. 3
8.9
8. 7
8. 7
6. 8
6. 7
7. 4
7. 1
6. 9
6. 5
5. 2
5. 3
4. 9
. 5
, 4
. 8
. 6
. 4
1. 3
OREGON l .
Portland 1
5. 3
6. 1
4. 6
5. 3
4. 4
4. 9
4. 0
4. 3
. 7
1. 1
. 4
. 6
5. 3
5. 6
5. 8
6. 0
3. 2
3. 1
3.9
3,8
1. 1
1. 3
1. 0
1. 3
PENNSYLVANIA
Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton
3. 3
3. 0
4. 2
4 9
4. 0
3. 8
3.9
3.
2.
2.
3
3.
3.
3.
2.
2.
1.
?
3.
1.
3.
2.
1.
1.
3
2.
1.
3.
.
.
.
.
3.4
3. 2
3. 5
3. 3
3, 8
3. 1
4. 8
3. 3
3. 0
3. 1
3. 5
4. 1
3, 8
3.9
1.9
1. 9
1. 6
1. 9
2. 8
1. 3
3. 4
1.
1.
1.
2.
2.
1.
2.
. 7
. 9
1. 3
3
2
.
.
1.
.
.
2.
.
OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa 12
.
Erie
Harnsburg
Johnstown
Lancaster
.
..
.
1
9
1
7
1
3
3
1
0
5
7
1
2
3
2
8
1
0
6
4
1
. 9
Q
2.
1.
.
2.
.
5
8
7
5
4
6
8
7
3
1.9
. 1
8
6
5
0
6
0
8
1. 1
. 4
5
7
1
6
9
1
3
See footnotes at end of table.
123
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas—Continued
[ Per 100 employees ]
Accession rates
State and area
Separation rates
Total
Aug. Sept.. Aug. Sept
1978 1978* 1978
Layoffs
Total
Recalls
Aug.
1978
Sept
Aug. Sept^ Aug.
T
1Q78* 1 Q 7 8 1978
1978
Sept. P Aug.
1978 1978
Sept.
2.4
. 8
. 6
.9
3. 2
1. 6
.5
2. 1
0.8
.6
.6
1. 1
.5
.9
.3
1. 2
.4
. 5
PENNSYLVANIA—Continued
4.
3.
2.
4.
Northeast Pennsylvania
Philadelphia SMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading .
Scranton
7
2
3
1
5. 1
13
Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
...
Williamsport
York
3. 9
3.2
6.2
3.5
3.2
2.2
4. 5
2. 8
3. 3
2. 1
6. 0
2. 6
3.9
2. 3
2. 4
1. 2
3. 3
2. 1
2. 0
1. 7
4. 7
1.9
2. 1
1. 4
3. 1
1.9
1.9
RHODE ISLAND
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket
6. 5
6.7
7. 0
7. 5
5. 6
5. 7
6.4
6. 6
.5
.6
SOUTH C A R O L I N A
Charleston—North Charleston
5.
4.
5.
5.
4.
6.
4.
5.
6
5
4
2
4. 4
3.2
4.9
5. 0
3.9
5. 0
4. 1
4. 6
.
.
.
.
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
1
0
2
6
4
6
1
3
.
1.
.
.
3.
3.
3.
3.
8
5
1
6
2. 0
1. 8
1. 5
2.4
1. 8
1. 8
1. 6
3. 7
1. 7
1. 8
1. 1
2. 2
1. 3
1. 7
1. 4
3. 3
1. 1
3. 6
3. 3
6.2
3.7
3. 4
2. 3
3. 3
3. 2
3.5
3. 4
4. 4
.4
.6
1. 2
1. 3
1. 6
1. 2
.7
.6
.4
1. 4
.8
1.5
.5
6. 6
6.9
6. 1
6. 5
4. 8
5. 1
4. 5
4. 7
. 6
. 6
.7
. 7
4
4
2
3
5. 6
5. 6
5. 7
6. 3
4.
4.
4.
5.
4.
4.
4.
4.
3.
3.
3.
3.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2. 9
5
6
5
0
1
1
2
6
2
0
3
6
4
4
4
4
3
2
1
3
SOUTH DAKOTA
6. 6
Sioux Falls
5. 6
6. 6
5. 4
6. 1
5. 4
6. 2
5. 3
. 3
. 2
.2
. 2
7. 1
6. 7
5. 7
4.9
5. 8
5. 2
4. 6
3. 8
.6
.7
.2
. 2
3.9
3. 5
3. 3
3. 1
. 3
. 2
4. 5
3.9
2.9
2. 3
. 4
.6
6. 6
6. 0
4.8
7. 3
5. 5
4.9
6. 2
5. 7
4. 5
5.9
5. 2
4. 5
. 3
.2
.3
1. 3
.1
.3
8. 0
6.2
5.8
6. 0
5. 0
5. 2
5.4
4. 9
4.5
4. 6
3.8
3.9
1. 2
.1
.1
.3
.1
.2
7. 3
7. 1
6.9
6. 1
6. 6
6. 6
6. 2
5. 8
.5
.3
.5
. 3
7. 0
6. 7
7. 6
7. 1
5. 3
5. 0
5. 8
5.4
Burlington
Springfield
4. 1
2. 6
2. 7
4. 2
2.5
2. 8
3. 6
2. 2
2. 5
3. 7
2. 2
2. 4
.2
(3)
.2
.3
. 1
. 4
4. 3
2. 9
3. 2
4. 3
3. 3
3. 5
2.8
1. 0
1. 7
2. 8
1. 4
1.8
.7
1. 5
.6
.9
1. 4
1. 1
VIRGINIA
Richmond
5. 0
3. 0
4.4
2.9
3. 6
2. 2
3. 5
2. 3
1. 1
.4
.5
.2
4. 7
2. 1
4. 3
2.4
3. 2
1. 3
2.9
1. 4
. 4
.4
.1
5.2
4. 0
4. 6
3. 4
3. 7
2. 5
2. 5
1. 8
.5
.4
1. 2
.5
11. 5
5. 8
9.4
3. 3
.1
1. 3
TENNESSEE:
Memphis
TEXAS:
Dallas-Fort Worth
Houston
San Antonio
UTAH 4
Salt Lake C i t y - Ogden
4
VERMONT
WASHINGTON:
Seattle-Everett
14
WISCONSIN
Milwaukee
WYOMING
(*)
3. 8
3.4
4. 1
3. 1
3. 1
2. 6
.7
.6
. 4
10. 2
4. 4
9. 2
4. 0
1. 0
.4
Excludes canning and preserving.
Based on the 1967 Standard Industrial Classification Manual.
Less than 0.05.
Excludes agricultural chemicals, and miscellaneous manufacturing.
Excludes canned fruits, vegetables, preserves, jams, and jellies.
Excludes canning and preserving, and sugar.
Excludes canning and preserving, and newspapers.
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
124
(*)
5. 1
4. 1
0
. 3
(*)
.6
.7
(*)
Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.
1
Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Excludes new-hire rate for transportation equipment.
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
4
Excludes canning and preserving, printing and publishing.
p=preliminary.
* Not available.
7
3
SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.
STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Percent of
Number
State and area
OCT.
1977
.,
Phoenix
Tucson /
ARKANSAS
,
Fayetteville—Springdale . . . . . .
1
Fort S m i t h
Little R o c k - N o r t h Little Rock
Pine Bluff
Sacramento
San Francisco—Oakland
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
SEPT,
1978
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
1977
SEPT
197B
90.2
19.1
7.4
90,5
19,4
7.6
11.7
11.3
6.2
2.8
6.9
6.1
7.0
7.6
5.5
6.3
5.7
5.1
5.6
6.5
5.4
5.3
OCT.
1978P
5.7
5.1
5.7
6.3
5.5
5.4
1,597.5
376.6
133.0
178.4
114.3
52.0
106.1
22.1
3.6
6.2
2.8
186.8
185.9
14.2
17.4
18.9
6.3
9,?
1,016.0
605.8
187.8
1*030.1
615.7
191,0
75.1
38.2
14.2
57.5
29,8
9.7
54,4
28.2
9.3
7.6
6.5
7.7
5.7
4.9
5,1
5.3
4.6
4.8
934.6
69.7
82.6
177.6
36.5
936.2
69.9
82.7
176.4
36.9
54.5
3.0
5.2
7.5
1.5
57.0
2.8
5.6
9.7
2.7
62.8
3.5
6,8
9.4
3.0
5.9
4.3
6.5
4.2
4.2
6.1
4.1
6.*
5.5
7.4
6.7
5.0
6.2
5.3
8.2
10,632.0 10,639,2
975.7 ,
997.7
167.6
168.9 !
255.6
287.3
3,532.0
3,526.0
129.1
136.4
204.5
205.3
536.3
530.1
441 8
443,7
126.6
127.3
677,1
675.0
1,537,5
1*530.9
658,7
653.7!
131.8
131.6!
117.1
116.0
167.9
168,4
121.4
121.1
748.1
51.2
13.4
20.7
255,0
12.6
15.3
39.1
32.2
8.1
678.4
46.6
7.3
5.5
8.0
8.2
7.5
9.9
7.8
7.7
7.6
6.5
7.6
6.6
^.9
6.1
7.7
8.3
6.9
6.4
4.«
8.4
6.6
8.8
13.1
8.1
14.1
19,0
206.0
9.3
17,9
39.4
28.9
7.3
44.3
98.0
35,4
8.9
8.2
12.0
7.7
632.6
42.8
13.6
19,3
192.0
10.2
16.1
34,5
28.4
7.0
43.8
66.2
32.6
7.5
7.0
13.2
6.5
5.9
4.3
8.1
7.6
5.4
7,9
7.9
6.4
6.4
5.5
6.5
5.6
4.9
5.7
6.0
7.9
5.3
172.0 |
ALASKA
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San D iego
OCT.
1977
943.7
69.9
80.5
Montgomery .
Tuscaloosa . . .
Riverside—San Bernardino—Ontario . .
OCT.
1978P
989.1
583.1
184.3
Birmingham . .
Huntsville . . .
Mobile
CALIFORNIA2
,
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove
8aker«field
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach \
Modesto
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura
1978
1,590.4
375.0
132.4
180.2
114.1
51.9
1*546.3
359.5
127.9
174.0
108.9
52.8
ALABAMA
ARIZONA
SEPT.
labor force
178.3 j
35.9 I
!
I
j
j
j
|
j
10,225,
929 <
167,
2 5 3«
3» 385(
1 26 ,
195,
508
424
124,
650
1•510616,
129
113
157
117
9.0
13.3
6.0
49.7
100.1
36,1
7.9
I
8.7
7.4
6.5
5.ft
6.6 |
6.4
5.4
6.7
7.0
7.1
6.3
I
|
j
|
|
10.2
COLORADO
Denver-Boulder .
It269.5|
739.9|
1,320.1
767.5
1,325,6
772,4
72.4
40.6
67.4
37.6
62,4
34,0
5.7
5.5
5.1
4.9
4.7
4.4
CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Britain
1,515.2
184.6
364,4
69,3
194,5
118.3
107.8
1,514,5
185,3
362.4
69,9
195.7
118,2
106.1
85.2
11.6
19.0
65.7
8.8
13.2
4.5
6.7
14.4
2.7
7.8
4,7
5.4
66,7
9.1
14,8
2.9
8.5
4.6
5.1
5.7
6.3
5.3
5.8
6.7
4,1
6,4
4.3
4.«
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.9
5.0
4.4
4.9
4.1
4.1
4.4
3.9
4.8
DELAWARE . . .
Wilmington i .
1.501.1|
183.8
358.1
70.9
197.4
111.0
105.7|
I
273.1
P39.7
275.8
235.7
275,2
238.1
19.2
17.2
18.4
15.0
16.1
14.7
7.0
7.2
6.7
6.4
6.6
6.2
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington SMSA'
327.6J
1*548.6!
328.7
1,556.1
331.2
1,558.5
30.3
74.0
28.8
70.7
27.5
70,1
9.2
4,3
4.5
8.3
4.5
FLORIDA
3*632.0
356.6
307.0
706.5
283.2
110.8
561,2
198.0
3,607.4
378.1
320.2
734.9
297.6
117.0
590.8
206,1
3,764.2
375.2
315,4
725,9
292.4
115.2
583.6
208,1
280.9
30.2
19.2
59.8
21.4
6,1
39.4
17.1
289.5
28.9
21.5
58.0
21.3
7.4
40.3
18.1
264,5
26.8
20.8
52,5
19.2
7.1
36.2
16,2
7,7
6,4
6,3
8.5
7.6
5.5
7.0
8.7
7.6
7.6
6.7
7.9
7.1
6*4
6.8
8.7
7.0
7.1
6.6
7.2
6.6
6.2
6,2
7.8
2.307.3
873,1
123.5
87.1|
106.4
88.8
2,352,4
876.4
129,0
89.1
105,0
66.9
2,353.1
660.0
129,0
68,5
105.1
86.0
153.2
139.3
51.3
8,2
6.3
6.7
6,0
137,3
49.9
8.3
5.7
6.9
6.1
6.6
6,9
7.4
7,2
10.0
7.2
5.9
5.9
6*4
7.1
6.4
6.7
5.8
5.7
6.5
6.4
6.6
6.9
New Haven-West Haven
Stamford
Waterbury
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood .
Jacksonville
Miami '
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburgh
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
GEORGIA .
Atlanta .
Augusta1
Columbus
Macon . .
Savannah
4.1
60.2
9.1
6.3
10.6
6.4
See footnotes at end of table.
125
STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1.
Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force
Percent of
labor fora
Number
State and area
SEPT.
1978
OCT.
1977
OCT.
1978P
OCT
1977
SEPT,
1978
OCT
1978P
OCT.
1977
SEPT.
197*
OCT.
1978P
HAWAII
Honolulu
402 . 4
317 • 3
398.8
314.4
405.1
320.1
30 • 6
24 • 1
32 . 3
25 . 2
34 , 4
26 . 8
7• 6
7.6
8.1
e.o
8 .5
8 ,4
IDAHO
Boise City
401 • 2
79 • 1
428,5
94.0
420.7
91.1
16 . 9
2• 1
19 • 6
2 .6
17 . 7
2 .7
4 .2
2 .7
4.6
2.7
4 .2
2 .9
5.273 . 7
5*335.4
63.0
75.4
3,399.8
180,8
61.5
176.7
136.9
96.3
5,416.4
64.0
78.2
3,442.2
183.5
62.2
178.9
138.8
97.6
314 • 0
1• 6
2•9
199 .3
8 .0
3 .7
8 .5
9 .7
4•7
272 , 4
2 .0
3•1
172 . 2
7• 2
4 .5
7 .5
6 .3
5• 1
288 . 9
2 .0
3• 3
183 • 8
7 .5
3• 6
7 .8
6 .9
5•5
6•0
3•0
3 .8
6 .0
4 ,6
6•0
5• 0
7 .4
4 .9
5.1
3.1
4.1
5.1
4.0
7.4
4.?
4.ft
5.3
5 .3
3 .2
4 .2
5 .3
4 .1
5 .8
4 .3
5 .0
5 .6
2,582,3
138.6
186.6
290.6
574.0
56.7
137.3
80.0
2,585.9
138.6
187.8
289.3
572.6
57.6
138.0
80,4
115 . 3
6•0
7 .2
15 , Q
2 6 .7
2 .9
6 0
3 .3
135 , 4
7.1
8 .5
16 . 9
28 . 9
3 .8
7 .0
3 .9
128 • 7
6 .5
8 .3
15 . 2
26 • 4
3 .5
7 .1
3 .7
4
4
4
5
4
5
4
4
,7
.5
.1
.6
.9
.1
.6
.2
5.?
5.1
4.5
5.*
5.0
6.7
5.1
4.9
5 .0
4 .7
4 .4
5 ,2
4 .6
6 ,1
5 .2
4 .6
ILLINOIS 2
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign—Urbana—Rantoul . .
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline 1
Decatur
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
61 • 2
75 . 0
3*348 . 7
175 . 1
61 . 1
172 . 6
131 . 4
9 6 .5
INDIANA
Evansville l
Fort Wayne
Gary—Hammond—East Chicago .
Indianapolis
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
2*469 .7
IOWA
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City !
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
1*411
6
4
5
1
6
1,426.4
86,2
175,9
45,0
58,0
66,5
1*433.5
85.9
177.0
45.3
58.6
66.7
4 5 »5
2 .4
5 .9
1 ,9
2 .3
2• 4
39 . 0
2 .0
5 .3
1 .8
2 ,7
2 .3
37 .2
1 ,9
4 .8
1 .7
2 .8
2 .6
3
2
3
4
3
3
,2
.9
»4
.2
.9
'6
2.7
2.3
3.0
4.0
4.7
3.5
2
2
2
3
4
3
KANSAS
Topeka
Wichita
1*136, 1
95, 3
210, 3
1.165.2
95,4
212.5
1*170.3
95.6
215.4
43 ,1
4 ,2
9 6
30 ,5
3 .2
6 .2
29 .3
3 ,1
6 ,0
3,
4, 4
4, 6
2.6
3.4
2.9
2 ,5
3 ,3
2 6
KENTUCKY
Lexington—Fayette
Louisville 1
1.571. 4
160. 7
402. 9
1,593.4
164.1
418,0
1*591.1
164.4
418.8
63 8
4, 7
19, 1
7 3 ,5
4 5
19 i 4
75 ,0
5, 0
20 9
4« 1
3. 0
4. 7
4.6
2.7
4.7
4. 7
3, 1
5, 0
LOUISIANA
Baton Rouge
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport .
1*582.
199.
65.
51,
460,
145,
7
5
0
1
7
6
1*623,9
201,4
63,2
52,9
463,7
151.3
1*616.5
200.5
63.1
53.1
457.6
150.0
6.
6.
7.
6.
7.
5.
6.4
5.9
7.0
6.ft
6.2
5.
5,
6.
6,
5,
5,
471. 3
36. 8
84. 3
486.1
36.8
85.2
473.8
36.9
86.4
32, 9
2. 5
5, 7
23, 4
1, 7
3, 5
24, 2
1. 5
3, 6
7, 0
6. 7
6, 7
4.B
4.5
4.1
5, 1
4. 1
4, 2
MARYLAND
Baltimore
1*960. 1
976. 9
2,018.2
1,030.7
2*020.4
1*040.3
107, 3
61. 7
87. 6
48, 8
93, 2
52, 7
5. 5
6. 3
4.3
4.7
4. 6
5. 1
MASSACHUSETTS 2
Boston
Brockton
Fall River1
Lawrence-Haverhill1
Lowell
New Bedford
SpringfieSd-Chicopee-Holyoke
Worcester
2*795.1
1*345. 6
79. 5
75. 6
N.A
109. 1
82. 1
273. 1
196, 0
2,613.6
1,359.7
80.8
81.6
139.1
112.1
79.1
274.0
193.6
2,605.1
1*364.6
62.6
78.2
138.0
111.8
80.0
272,6
196,0
184,
90.
6.
5,
N.A
7,
6.
14,
10.
9
1
0
1
.
2
9
8
3
162,
75.
4,
4t
9.
6.
5.
15.
9,
1
4
8
9
1
9
8
1
1
120.
55,
3,
3.
7.
5.
4,
11,
6,
6
7
6
8
3
2
4
1
7
6.
6.
7.
6.
N.A
6.
8.
5.
5.
6
7
6
4
3
5.«
5.5
6.0
5.9
6.6
6.2
7.3
5.5
4.7
4.
4.
4.
4.
5.
4.
5.
4.
3.
3
1
4
9
3
6
5
1
4
MICHIGAN 2
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Bay City
Detroit
Flint
4*173.
135.
81.
53.
1*983.
220.
9
0
7
4
9
4,182.2
131.9
81.9
53.9
1,966.3
226.5
<Ml82.0
135,5
81.5
54.2
1*985.5
225.9
270.
7.
5.
3.
124.
14.
6
2
6
5
4
3
242.
6.
4.
3.
108.
17.
5
3
8
1
8
5
229,
5.
4,
2.
105,
14,
3
8
5
8
4
0
6.
5.
7.
6.
6.
6.
5
3
1
6
3
5
5.B
4.R
5.9
5.P
5,5
7.7
5*
4.
5.
5.
5.
6.
5
3
5
1
3
2
MAINE
Lewiston—Auburn
Portland
••.
See footnote* at end of table.
126
133
176
280
551
55
131
77
83,
172
44,
59,
66,
.6
.8
>6
• 7
,7
.8
»1
4
4
102,
13,
4,
3.
34,
8.
3
8
6
1
5
5
104,
11
4
3,
30,
9,
3
9
4
5
7
3
95,
11
4
3,
27,
7,
1
0
2
2
0
9
5
9
1
1
5
8
6
4
6.ft
.6
.2
,7
.6
,7
.8
9
5
7
1
9
3
STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E 1
Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Percent of
labor force
State and area
OCT.
1977
SEPT.
1978
MICHIGAN—Continued
Grand Rapids
Jackson
286.9
65.4
Kalamazoo-Portage
131.8
Lansing-East Lansing
227.5
76.3
SEPT.
1978
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
1977
SEPT.
1978
OCTt
1978P
11.8
3.1
6.5
10.6
4.6
4.7
5.0
6.2
5.4
5.9
7.7
5.5
4.5
4.«
5.1
5.5
7.1
4.1
4.7
4.9
4.6
6.1
4.5
286.1
65,5
132.6
229.3
75,7
103.6
13.3
5.9
5,6
12.9
3.1
6.7
12.3
5.4
4.8
1*046.3
2,021,9
N.A,
1,064,0
75.4
8.6
36.2
60.4
N.A.
29,0
59.2
N.A.
27.8
3.9
7.6
3.5
N.A,
2.«
2.9
N.A*
2.6
975.3
139.2
979.2
140.4
66.9
8.3
69,5
7.7
65.7
7.5
7.0
6.0
7.1
5.5
6.7
5.3
2*236.1
667.3
45.6
MINNESOTA
x
OCT.
1977
990.2
136.6
Muskegon-Norton Shores-Muskegon Heights
Saginaw
Duluth-Superior
288.0
65.3
OCT.
1978P
2*255.2
677.1
2,256.9
677.0
43.8
99.0
25.5
2.2
52.0
3.6
97.3
25.2
1*076.1
101,6
116.7
35,8
2,8
65.6
4,3
2.1
51.1
3.8
5.2
5.4
6.1
6.1
4.3
4.4
3.8
5.0
4.9
3.6
4.3
3.7
4.7
4.8
3.8
101.7
1*954.6
. . ..
Mioneapolis-St. Paul . .
MISSISSIPPI . .
Jackson . . .
MISSOURI . . . .
Kansas City 1 .
St. Joseph . .
St. Louis 1 . . .
Springfield . .
113.9
1*038.8
132.2
222.2
76.7
103.1
2*010.9
N.A.
14,3
4,0
7.1
3.0
99.3
44.1
1,069.0
100.7
MONTANA
Billings
Great Falls . .
346.0
53.6
36.1
375.9
54.3
35.9
364.2
53.3
35.1
18,8
2.3
2.2
17.2
2.0
2.2
16.1
1.6
1.9
5.4
4.3
6.1
4,6
3.6
6.0
4.4
3.0
5.5
NEBRASKA . .
Lincoln
Omaha' . . . .
760.2
106.6
278.4
779.1
112.0
281.0
784,9
112.4
282.9
I 27>l
I 15.9
23.7
3.0
11.2
21.7
10.2
3.6'
2,9
5.7
3.0
2.6
4.0
2.8
2.6
3.6
NEVADA
Las Vegas
329.7
94.1
339,1
180.4
101.9
335.2
179.2
100.5
I 20.7
I 13.2
I 4.1
13.4
8.1
2.2
13.4
7.7
2.6
6.3
7.4
4.3
3.9
4.5
2.?
4.0
4.3
2.6
422.9
N.A.
435.0
N.A.
432,2
N.A.
| 21,6
| N.A.
14,8
N.A.
15.6
5.1
N.A.
• A.
3.4
IN.A.
3.6
N.A*
3*387.0
82.3
258.7
218.4
945.2
3*526.4
90.9
258.8
226.3
982.5
3*538.1
1302,3
251.7
1*073.7
178.1
Reno
NEW HAMPSHIRE .
Manchester
NEW J E R S E Y 2 .
Atlantic City
Long Branch-Asbury Park
Newark
18.4
9.7
5.8
12.0
540.3
196.7
35.2
13.4
31.3
11.2
31.7
11.3
6.9
7.1
5.ft
5.7
5.9
5.8
•937.7
367.1
642.7
603.3
22.2
8.7
47.0
2.8
90.5
305.6
270.0
5.2
26.5
19.8
9,4
623.6
18.6
9.5
8.3
6.0
6.8
7.8
6.0
7.9
9.4
10.0
5.2
6.1
6.9
7.3
7.7
6.1
6.4
6.3
6.9
7.?
8.5
8.9
5.1
5.9
6.7
6.«
7.9
5.9
5.9
7.8
6.5
6.7
9.3
10.0
4.9
5.4
6.1
6.8
91.6
3.0
8.9
12.0
7.0
4.9
4.2
4.0
4.5
3.6
3.4
3.4
2.«
3.?
2.6
3.4
3,6
2.7
2.9
2.6
9.6
2.2
3.9
3.2
3.3
2.9
3.2
3.0
58.1
536.8
196.1
7*744.2
356.0
7,849.9
133.1
136.6
567.9
40.3
1*256.3
3,601.2
3,027.0
Trenton
158.7
Vineland-Mi!lville-Brldg«ton
NEW M E X I C O .
Albuquerque
NEW Y O R K 2 . . .
Albany—Schenectady
Binghamton l . . . .
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk . .
New York
New York City 2
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica -Rome
10.6
7.0
7.1
8.4
10.7
7.?
6.9
6.6
8.4
5.9
9.1
219.5
164.2
64.0
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic
301.7
213.5
New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Siyreville
-Troy . .
NORTH CAROLINA
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh—Durham
NORTH D A K O T A
Fargo—Moorehead 1
321.5
361.8
567.7
40.1
1*?32.4
3*560.0
2*996.0
98.5
455.4
292.7
101.1
453.7
296.2
i
219.6
7.4
23.9
14.9
57.7
18.2
16.3
7.9
5.6
87.6
259.3
227.7
999.0
324.7
220.6
165.2
63.3
518.3
189.5
Jersey City
138.3
579,0
40.9
•274,7
•623.9
•044.0
103.9
464,2
303,7
139,6
97
i 31,9
'
18.1
83.0
! 23.4
22.3
21.2
9.0
44.1
3.2
96.6
336.3
301.0
5.1
27.7
19.9
7.6
27.6
16.4
68.1
21.1
137.3
137.7
2*632.9
80.4
2,697.7
83.0
324.5
408,2
270,4
•681,9
83.2
326.5
408,3
271.5
18.1
9.4
91,9
2.8
9.0
12.9
7.0
305.0
71.1
295.3
71.9
11.2
2.3
10.0
2.1
321.5
404.6
262.9
298.0
70.4
l
2.9
10,1
129.8
3.4
12.9
21.5
8.2
45.0
2.7
84.8
336.2
304.0
5.1
25.0
I 8.9
| 11.B
12.3
8.3
8.8
7.7
i 10.4
I 6.7
6.2
8.4
9.2
6.5
5.8
5.6
7.4
4.8
8.8
See footnotes at end of table.
127
STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
€-1.
Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas-Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Percent of
Number
State and area
labor force
OCT.
1977
SEPT.
1978
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
1977
SEPT.
197R
OCT.
1978P
5*086.2
306.1
181.9
656.5
946.5
539.7
391.0
378.7
242.5
269.4
16.1
10.0
29,9
47.7
25.4
17.2
21.7
18.4
272.8
17.3
9.1
32.8
45.1
26.6
17,6
23,1
15,6
240.5
14,7
8,8
29.9
39.4
23.0
16.1
20.4
14.1
5.5
5.4
5.7
4.7
5.2
4.9
4.6
6.0
7.7
5.4
5.7
5.1
5.0
4.«
5.0
4.*
6.?
6.5
4.7
4.8
4,8
4.6
4.2
4.3
4.1
5.4
5.8
1,250.9
390.0
295.1
1*244.4
387.8
292,2
56.1
15.1
13.6
35,6
10,2
8.2
34,4
9.6
7.8
4.5
4.1
4.6
1»145.5
120.0
545.1
109.6
1*197.4
121.5
576.1
114.4
1*202.5
123.5
580.2
112.8
67.6
8.4
31.1
5.2
64,7
8,3
27.8
5.4
66.3
8.6
28.9
5.3
5.9
7.0
5.7
4.9
5.4
6.9
4.B
4.7
5.5
6.9
5.0
4.7
5*200.1
299.9
56.4
121.0
208.2
106.2
166.6
270.1
5,273.0
301.3
57.9
124.2
213.2
106.0
169,7
268.2
367.1
19.5
3.7
8.0
373.3
17.1
4.6
8.6
2,102.2
150.2
52.7
164.4
57.9
8,0
4.0
8.4
10.9
9,5
7.7
22.3
169.1
60.8
8.2
4.0
8.1
370.6
16.9
4.7
9.0
10.7
9.3
7,5
24.9
160.0
59.8
7.2
4.2
7.4
7.1
6.5
6.5
6.6
5.1
10.0
4.2
8.5
8 ..4
5.9
5.4
7.9
5.3
7.1
5.7
7.9
6.9
5.1
9.0
4.5
2tO77.2
975.9
146.3
50.6
159.3
5*342.1
304.5
58.1
126.6
214.9
107.2
172.1
274.9
2*130.6
999.5
152.0
53.5
166.4
8.0
6.1
5.5
7.5
4.9
6.9
5.5
8.2
7.1
5.0
8.7
4.3
9.0
7.5
6.0
4.8
7.9
4.5
444.3
447.5
435.3
438.5
433.7
438.9
31.8
31.8
21.1
21.9
20.9
20.9
7.1
7.1
4.9
5.0
4.8
4.8
1*296.6
146.9
170.3
255.5
1,315.4
147.3
172,8
257,4
1*319.5
146.1
173.9
257.0
87.3
11.3
8.8
15,6
74.1
9.8
7.4
11.6
79.6
9.9
8.2
12.2
6.7
7.7
5.1
6.1
5.5
6.6
4.3
4.5
6.0
6.7
4.7
4.7
317.7
56.1
332.3
58.3
326.5
57.2
6,8
1.1
8.5
1.2
8,0
,9
2.1
1.9
2.0
2.4
1.5
TENNESSEE
Chattanooga1
Knoxville
Memphis1
Nashville-Davidson
1*930.8
182.8
199.4
376.1
383.8
1,958.7
185.6
198.3
377.3
395.4
1*960.5
185.8
203.9
380.0
398.2
103.6
108.6
10.6
8.9
22.8
16.4
115.1
10.5
12.4
23.4
16.3
5.4
5.5
4.3
5.9
4.0
5.5
5.7
4.5
6.0
4.1
5.8
5.7
6.1
6.1
4.1
TEXAS 2.
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange
Corpus Christi
Dallas-Fort Worth
5* 876.5
5,935,6
86,3
233,8
163,4
127.7
1,372.1
161.9
88.9
1,338.9
101.2
401.4
77.1
6*079.5
88.7
241.9
168.4
130.3
1.407.0
164.8
304,1
3,3
10,3
11.3
8.4
61,5
18.1
284.7
3.2
8.2
10.6
7.5
56.1
59.7
90.6
1*374.6
103.9
408.7
79.1
60,7
6.1
56.2
3.6
27.2
3.7
2.2
15.0
5.1
53.6
3.5
26,2
3.4
2.3
260.4
2.9
7.5
10.0
6.5
49,5
13.6
4.8
48.6
3.1
24,2
3.3
2,1
5.2
3.9
4.5
6.7
6.7
4.6
11.0
6.9
4.3
3.6
6.9
4.5
3.6
4.3
3.7
3.5
6.5
5.9
4.1
9.?
5.7
4.0
3.5
6.5
4.5
3.9
4.3
3.3
3.1
6.0
5.0
3.5
8.2
5.3
3.5
3.0
5,9
4.2
3.4
549.2
363.3
24.9
17,0
16.8
11.5
17.8
12.1
4.6
4.8
3.0
3.? ,
3.2
3.3
241.0
13.9
9.3
9.6
6.0
3.«
4.0
OCT.
1977
Canton
Cincinnati 1
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Toledo '
Youngstown-Warren
OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
OREGON
Eugene-Springfield
Portland1
Salem
PENNSYLVANIA 2
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton 1
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg
Johnstown
Lancaster
..
Northeast Pennsylvania
Philadelphia1
Pittsburgh
Reading
Williamsport
York
RHODE ISLAND
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket ! .
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenviile-Spartanburg
SOUTH DAKOTA
Sioux Falls
El Paso
Galveston-Texas City
Houston . i
Lubbock
San Antonio
Waco
Wichita Falls
..
5,031.1
301.6
179.2
651.6
937.2
530.4
385.2
371.2
240.8
1*244.2
371.0
P96.9
Akron
OCT. .
1978P
4*883.3
296,0
175.6
629.5
914.7
519.4
374.2
361.9
240.0
OHIO2...
SEPT.
1978
86.0
229.4
168.0
126.1
*348.3
164.2
87.9
*303.5
101.8
395.3
77.2
59.3
990.0
UTAH
Salt Lake City-Ogden
535.5
356.1
552.2
363,7
VERMONT
231.5
242.6 j
See footnotes at end of table.
128
10.7
10.7
6,9
23,0
174.7
10.0
8.5
22.2
15,2
2.6
2.5
2.7
STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1.
Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbari in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force
Pereent of
Number
labor foro«
State and area
OCT.
1977
SEPT.
1978
OCT.
1978P
VIRGINIA
Lynchburg
Newport News-Hampton
Norfolk-Virginia Beach—Portsmouth *
Richmond
Roanoke
2*386.9
69.4
153.2
307.7
3H.5
108.3
2,501.8
72.8
160.9
323.5
328.9
113.6
2*493.5
72.3
161.4
322.5
328.0
112.4
WASHINGTON .r
Seattle-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
1*674.3
711.9
133.2
156.0
1*772.5
770,9
138.8
165.6
1*757.4
769.5
138.0
161.6
697.4
113.2
113.9
63.5
78.5
729.4
734.9
116.5
114.7
118.7
115.4
65.4
81.3
2*240.6
2*334.3
142.3
86.0
60.4
45.5
WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston
Huntington^Ashland1
Parkersburg-Mariettal
Wheeling1
WISCONSIN
Appleton-Oshkosh
Green Bay
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
WYOMING
139.2
86.7
61.9
44.0
177.3
720.2
89.3
200.1
99.5
2.4
7.7
15.4
10.4
4.1
124.1
51.6
10.3
13.4
SEPT.
1978
OCT.
1978P
OCT.
1977
SEPT.
197R
OCT.
1978P
124.2
3.1
116.0
4.2
3.5
5.0
5.0
3.2
3.3
5.0
4.3
5.6
5.5
3.3
4.1
4.7
3.9
6.0
5.8
3.3
4.2
7.4
7.3
7.B
8,6
5.3
4.8
5.0
6.6
5.2
4.5
5.0
6.1
6.1
3.0
5.0
4.1
6.9
4.3
2.7
4.0
3.7
4.1
9.0
2.8
9.6
17,9
10.7
4,7
18.6
10.9
4.7
94.2
36.9
6.9
91.0
10.9
34,9
6.9
9.8
44.5
3.5
5.8
2.7
>*6
31.8
3.2
66.4
61.2
39.1
4.1
5.9
3.0
4.6
4.6
2.5
3.4
5.6
3.7
5.2
4.7
5.S
706.9
89.1
2*343.1
144.3
87.1
62.1
46.1
175.7
715.4
89.2
90.5
5.5
3.6
3.3
1.9
5.2
27.0
4.2
100.4
5,8
4,5
3.1
2.0
6.5
27.5
3.8
102.6
6.4
4.5
3.2
2.1
6.2
26.7
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.2
5.4
4.4
2.9
3.3
4.7
4,3
4.1
5.?
5.1
4.4
3.7
3.9
4.3
4.4
4.4
5.1
5.1
4.5
3.6
3.7
4,4
219.9
212.5
6.3
6.2
6.2
3.2
2.B
2.9
174.1
1
Includes interstate portion of area located in adjacent State.
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. (See "Explanatory Notes"
for State and Area Unemployment Data in Employment and Earnings, monthly.)
2
NOTE: Estimates for 1977 have been benchmarked to 1977 Current Population Survey
annual averages. Except in the 10 largest States designated by footnote 2, estimates for 1978
OCT.
1977
are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Data
refer to place of residence.
p=preliminary.
N.A.=not available.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey and Cooperating State Employment Security Agencies
listed on inside back cover.
Labor force and unemployment estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared for administration of various
Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from the National Technical Information Service. When ordering, please specify
"CETA Area Employment and Unemployment,""State, County, and Selected City Employment and Unemployment," or "Unemployment Rates
for States and Local Governments, Second Quarter 1978." A complete set of price schedules and publications is available from the National
Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield Virginia, 22161.
129
Explanatory Notes
These explanatory notes provide information on the concepts, methodology, and scope of Household Data
(A tables), Establishment Data (B, C, and D tables), and State and Area Unemployment Data (E table) published in Employment and Earnings.
Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two major
sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a sample
survey of the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is
conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau
of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor
force, the employed and the unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the
characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor
force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a
sample of about 56,000 households, representing 614 areas in
1,113 counties and independent cities, with coverage in 50 States
and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the
activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 12th
of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each month
from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in
cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on nonagricultural wage
and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly
and weekly earnings, and labor turnover for the Nation, States, and
metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series
are based on payroll reports from a sample of establishments employing over 30 million nonagricultural wage and salary workers.
The data relate to all workers, full- or part-time, who received pay
during the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month.
Based on a somewhat smaller sample, labor turnover data relate to
actions occurring during the entire month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one another,
each providing significant types of information that the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are
readily obtained only from the household survey whereas detailed
industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other because of
differences in definition and coverage, sources of information,
methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies.
The major factors which have a differential effect on levels and
trends of the two series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and other
private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid
workers who worked 15 hours or more during the survey week
in family-operated enterprises. Employment in both agricultural
and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey
covers only wage and salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household approach provides information
on the work status of the population without duplication, since
each person is classified as employed, unemployed or not in the
labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are
counted only once and are classified according to the job at which
they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
In the figures based on establishment records, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes among
the employed all persons who had jobs but were not at work during
the survey week—that is, were not working but had jobs from which
they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or because they were taking time off
for various other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports,
persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see Gloria P.
Green's article "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household
and Payroll Surveys," Monthly Labor Review, December 1969. Reprints of this article are available upon request from the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked whereas
the payroll survey measures hours paid for by employers. In the
household survey data, all persons with a job but not at work are
excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of
average hours, in the payroll survey, employees on paid vacation,
paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.
131
COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
COMPARABILITY OF THE PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from the
household survey includes all persons who did not have a job at all
during the survey week and were looking for work or were waiting
to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off, regardless of whether or not they were eligible for unemployment
insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by
the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of
Labor, exclude persons who have exhausted their benefit rights,
new workers who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (agriculture, domestic service, self-employment,
unpaid family work, and religious organizations). Beginning in
January 1978, coverage was extended to include domestic workers
whose employers paid $1,000 or more in wages in any calendar
quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or
more workers in 20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in
wages in any calendar quarter, and almost all State and local
government employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment compensation differ from the definition of unemployment used in the
household surveyo For example, persons with a job but not at work
and persons working only a few hours during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation but are classified as
employed rather than unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between
State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment" by Gloria P. Green
in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Reprints of
this article may be obtained upon request.
Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census.
BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the Census from its censuses
or annual sample surveys of manufacturing establishments and the
censuses of business establishments. The major reasons for some
noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative
offices and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies.
There are also differences in the scope of the industries covered,
e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public
utilities, and financial establishments, whereas these are included in
BLS statistics.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the inclusion of
persons under 16 in the Statistical Research Service (SRS) series
and the treatment of dual jobholders who are counted more than
once if they work on more than one farm during the reporting
period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and
collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily measured
in terms of impact on differences in level and trend of the two series.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns (CBP),
published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of
central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may
also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and
coverage is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs.
Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are covered by the
unemployment insurance programs. Beginning in January 1972,
coverage was expanded to include employees of small firms and
selected nonprofit activities who had not been covered previously.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads, parochial
schools, and churches are not covered by unemployment insurance
whereas these are included in BLS establishment statistics. Beginning
in January 1978, coverage was extended to include domestic workers
whose employers paid $1,000 or more in wages in any calendar
quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or
more workers in 20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in
wages in any calendar quarter, and almost all State and local
government employees.
Household data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the employed,
the unemployed and persons not in the labor force, and related data
are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of the Census in its Current
Population Survey (CPS). A detailed description of this survey
appears in Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics
Derived from the Current Population Survey, BLS Report 463. This
report is available from BLS upon request.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted with a
scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian
noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain
information about the employment status of each member of the
household 16 years of age and over. Separate statistics are also
collected and published for 14 and 15 year olds. The inquiry relates
to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through
Saturday, which includes the 12th of the month. This is known
as the survey week. Actual field interviewing is conducted in the
following week.
132
Inmates of institutions, members of the Armed Forces, and
persons under 14 years of age are not covered in the regular monthly
enumerations and are excluded from the population and labor force
statistics shown in this report. Data on members of the Armed
Forces, who are included as part of the categories "total noninstitutional population" and "total labor force," are obtained from
the Department of Defense.
Each month, 56,000 occupied units are eligible for interview.
About 2,500 of these households are visited but interviews are not
obtained because the occupants are not found at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents
a noninterview rate for the survey of about 4 percent. In
addition to the 56,000 occupied units, there are 9,500 sample units
in an average month which are visited but found to be vacant or
otherwise not to be enumerated. Part of the sample is changed
each month. The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the
sample to be common from 1 month to the next and one-half
to be common with the same month a year earlier.
Beginning in September 1975, the sampie was enlarged by 9,000
households in order to provide greater reliability for smaller States
and thus permit the publication of annual statistics for all 50
States and the District of Columbia. These supplementary households were added to the national 47,000 household sample in
January 1978.
CONCEPTS
Employed persons comprise (a) all those who during the survey
week did any work at all as paid employees, in their own business,
profession, or farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid
workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and
(b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses
from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or personal reasons,
whether or not they were paid by their employers for the time off,
and whether or not they were seeking other jobs.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who held
more than one job are counted in the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries,
temporarily in the United States, who are not living on the premises
of an Embassy.
Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work
around the house (such as own home housework, and painting or
repairing own home) or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and
similar organizations.
Unemployed persons comprise all persons who did not work
during the survey week, who made specific efforts to find a job within the past 4 weeks, and who were available for work during the
survey week (except for temporary illness). Also included as unemployed are those who did not work at all, were available for work,
and were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had
been laid off; or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or salary
job within 30 days.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons classified
as unemployed had been continuously looking for work. For persons
on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of full
weeks since the termination of their most recent employment. A
period of 2 weeks or more during which a person was employed
or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of
the present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
median duration are computed from a distribution of single weeks of
unemployment.
Unemployed persons by reasons for unemployment are divided
into four major groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment
ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work and
persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit or otherwise
terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked
at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer but were out of the labor
force prior to beginning to look for work, (4) New entrants are
persons who never worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made specific
efforts to find a job, sometime during the 4-week period preceding
the survey week. Jobseekers do not include persons unemployed
because they (a) were waiting to be called back to a job from which
they had been laid off or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or
salary job within 30 days. Jobseekers are grouped by the methods
used to seek work, including going to public or private employment
agency or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some "other"
method. Examples of the "other" category include being on a union
or professional register, obtaining assistance from a community
organization, or waiting at a designated pick-up point.
The civilian labor force comprises the total of all civilians
classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The "total labor force" also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed either in the United States or abroad.
The unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as
a percent of the civilian labor force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, marital
status, race,etc. The job-loser, job-leaver, reentrant, and new entrant
rates are each calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force; the
sum of the rates for the four groups thus equals the total unemployment rate.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the noninstitutional population that is in the labor force. Two types of participation rates are published. The total labor force participation rate,
which is the ratio of the total labor force and the total noninstitutional population; and the civilian labor force participation rate,
which is the ratio of the civilian labor force and the civilian noninstitutional population. Participation rates are usually published
for sex-age groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of the
total noninstitutional population that is employed. This measure
can also be computed as a ratio of employment and the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in labor force includes all civilians 16 years and over who
are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as "engaged in own home housework," "in
school," "unable to work" because of long-term physical or mental
illness, and "other." The "other" group includes for the most part
retired persons, those reported as too old to work, the voluntarily
idle, and seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in an "off"
season and who were not reported as unemployed. Persons doing
only incidental unpaid family work (less than 15 hours) are also
classified as not in the labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work experience, intentions to seek work again, desire for a job at the time
of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are compiled on
a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the detailed questions for
persons not in the labor force are asked only in those households
that are in the fourth and eighth months of the sample, i.e., the
"outgoing" groups, those which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967 and 1969, the detailed not-in-labor force questions
were asked of persons in the first and fifth months in the sample,
i.e., the "incoming" groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two or more
jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest
number of hours during the survey week. The unemployed are
classified according to their last full-time civilian job lasting 2 weeks
or more. The occupation and industry groups used in data derived
from the CPS household interveiws are defined as in the 1970
Census of Population. Information on the detailed categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies "wage and salary workers," subdivided into private and government workers, "selfemployed workers," and "unpaid family workers." Wage and
salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips, or pay in
kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Selfemployed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their
own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm. Unpaid
family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a
week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member of
the household to whom they are related by blood or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, a person who normally
works 40 hours a week but who was off on the Columbus Day
holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even though he was
paid for the holiday.
133
For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate to
the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week. However,
all the hours are credited to the major job.
The distribution of employment by hours worked relate to
persons "at work" during the survey week. At work data differ
from data on total employment because the latter include persons
in zero-hour worked category, "with a job but not at work." Included in this latter group are persons who were on vacation, ill,
involved in a labor dispute, or otherwise absent from their jobs for
voluntary, noneconomic reasons.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more in the survey week are
designated as working "full time," persons who worked between
1 and 34 hours are designated as working "part time." Part-time
workers are classified by their usual status at their present job
(either full time or part time) and by their reason for working part
time during the survey week (economic or other reasons). "Economic reasons" include: Slack work, material shortages, repairs
to plant or equipment, start or termination of job during the week,
and inability to find full-time work. "Other reasons" include:
Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands of
home, housework, school, no desire for full-time work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time schedules
include, in addition to those working 35 hours or more, those who
worked from 1-34 hours for noneconomic reasons and usually work
full time.
Full- and part-time labor force. The full-time labor force consists of
persons working on full-time schedules, persons involuntarily working part time (part time for economic reasons), and unemployed
persons seeking full-time jobs. The part-time labor force consists
of persons working part time voluntarily and unemployed persons
seeking part-time work. Persons with a job but not at work during
the survey week are classified according to whether they usually
work full or part time.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost to the
economy through unemployment and involuntary part-time employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available
aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming: (1) That unemployed
persons looking for full-time work lost an average of 37.5 hours,
(2) that those looking for part-time work lost the average number
of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during
the survey week, and (3) that persons on part time for economic
reasons lost the difference between 37.5 hours and the actual
number of hours they worked.
Race. White and black and other are terms used to describe the
race of workers. The black and other category, which until recently
had been identified as "Negro and other races" and prior to 1969
as "nonwhite," includes all persons who identified themselves in the
enumeration process to be other than white. At the time of the
1970 Census of Population, 89 percent of the black and other population group were black; the remainder were American Indians,
Alaskan Natives, Asian and Pacific Islanders, and all other "nonwhite" groups. The term "black" is used in this volume when the
relevant data are provided exclusively for the black population.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves in
the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living on the
mainland, Cuban, Central or South American or other Hispanic
origin or descent. According to the 1970 Census, approximately
96 percent of their population is white.
Major activity: going to school and major activity: other are
terms used to describe whether the activity of young persons during
the reference week are primarily one of going to school or not.
Statistics on major activity are published every month in table
A-7 for 16-21 year-olds by employment status, race, and sex, and,
if unemployed, whether seeking full- or part-time work.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed Forces
of the United States between August 5, 1964, and May 7, 1975.
134
Tables for veterans in this volume are limited to males in the civilian
noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and females
are excluded.
Nonveterans are males who never served in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas classification consists of all Census geographical
divisions in which 20 percent or more of the residents were poor
according to the 1970 Decennial Census. Persons were classified as
poor or nonpoor by using income thresholds adopted by a Federal
interagency committee in 1969. These thresholds vary by family
size, composition, and residence (farm-nonfarm). While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents,
many poor persons live outside these areas and, conversely, the
areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total of all
areas encompassed by Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas
(SMSA's). The metropolitan area total is based on the number of
SMSA's as defined in the 1970 Decennial Census and does not include any subsequent additions or changes. Nonmetropolitan areas
refer to the total of all areas outside SMSA's. The nonmetropolitan
total is disaggregated info farm and nonfarm components.
HISTORIC COMPARABILITY
Raised lower age limit
Beginning with data for 1967, the lower age limit for official
statistics on persons in the labor force was raised from 14 to 16
years. At the same time, several definitions were sharpened to clear
up ambiguities. The principal definitional changes were: (1) Counting as unemployed only persons who were currently available for
work and who had engaged in some specific jobseeking activity
within the past 4 weeks, an exception to the latter condition is made
for persons waiting to start a new job in 30 days or waiting to be
recalled from layoff; in the past, the current availability test was not
applied and the time period for jobseeking was ambiguous;
(2) counting as employed persons who were absent from their
jobs in the survey week because of strikes, bad weather, etc. and
were also looking for other jobs; previously, these persons had
been classified as unemployed; (3) sharpening the questions on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment
in order to increase their reliability.
These changes did not affect the unemployment rate by more
than one-fifth of a percentage point in either direction, although
the distribution of unemployment by sex was affected. The number
of employed was reduced about 1 million because of the exclusion
of 14- and 15-year-olds. For persons 16 years and over, the only
employment series appreciably affected were those relating to hours
of work and class of worker. A detailed discussion of the changes
and their effect on the various series is contained in "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment" by Robert L. Stein in
the February 1967 issue of Employment and Earnings and Monthly
Report on the Labor Force. Reprints may be obtained upon request.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Before the changes introduced in 1967, the labor force data
were not comparable for three earlier periods: (1) Beginning 1953,
as a result of the introduction of data from the 1950 census into
the estimation procedure, population levels were raised by about
600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment by about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals
and males; other categories were relatively unaffected; (2) beginning
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of
about 500,000 in the population^ and about 300,000 in the labor
force, four-fifths of this in nonagricultural employment; other
labor force categories were not appreciably affected; (3) beginning
1962, the introduction of figures from the 1960 census reduced
the population by about 50,000, labor force and employment by
about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
In addition, beginning 1972, information from the 1970 census was
introduced into the estimation procedures, producing an increase in
the civilian noninstitutional population of about 800,000; labor force
and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000,
and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. A
subsequent population adjustment based on the 1970 census was
introduced in March 1973. This adjustment affected the white and
black and other groups but had little effect on totals. The adjustment resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the black and
other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures
were affected to a lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced
by 150,000, and the black and other labor force rose by about
210,000. Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
Beginning in January 1974, the methodology used to prepare
independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population
was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change
in the derivation of the population estimates had its greatest impact
on estimates of 20-24 year-old males—particularly those of the black
and other population—but had little effect on 16 and over totals.
Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in
"CPS Population Controls Derived from Inflation-Deflation Method
of Estimation" in the February 1974 issue of Employment and
Earnings.
Effective July 1975, as a result of the immigration of Vietnamese
refugees into the United States, the total and black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were
adjusted upward by 76,000-30,000 males and 46,000 females. The
addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by
less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were
in the ''other" population.
Beginning in 1978, the introduction of an expansion of the sample
and revisions in the estimation procedures resulted in an increase of
roughly a quarter of a million in the overall civilian labor force and
employment totals; unemployment levels and rates were essentially
unchanged. An explanation of the procedural changes and an
indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey in January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of
Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was determined by the household respondent for the incoming rotation
group households, rather than determined by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change is to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth
of the sample households has race determined by the household
respondent and seven-eighths of the sample households has race
determined by interviewer observation. The corresponding numbers
are 2/8 and 6/8 in November 1978, 3/8 and 5/8 in December 1978,
4/8 and 4/8 from January 1978 through September 1978, 5/8 and
3/8 in October 1979, and so on, until the entire sample has race
determined by the household respondent in January 1980. Although the impact of this change is presently unknown, it is possible
that it will cause a break in the time series given for some
racial statistics.
Changes in occupational classification system
Beginning with 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in census occupational classifications introduced into the Current Population
Survey (CPS). These changes stemmed from an exhaustive review
of the classification system to be used for the 1970 Census of Population. This review, the most comprehensive since the 1940 census,
was to reduce the size of large groups, to be more specific about
general and "not elsewhere classified" groups, and to provide information on emerging significant occupations. Differences in
March 1970 employment levels tabulated on both the 1960 and
1970 classification systems ranged from a drop of 650,000 in
operatives to an increase of 570,000 in service workers, much of
which resulted from a shift between these two groups; the nonfarm laborers group increased by 420,000, and changes in other
groups amounted to 220,000 or less.
An additional major group was created by splitting the operatives category into two: operatives, except transport, and transport
equipment operatives. Separate data for these two groups first became available in January 1972. At the same time, several changes in
titles, as well as in order of presentatrbn, were introduced; for
example, the title of the managers, officials, and proprietors group
was changed to "managers and administrators, except farm," since
only proprietors performing managerial duties are included in the
category.
Apart from the effects of revisions in the occupation classification system beginning in 1971, comparability of occupational employment data was further affected in December 1971, when a
question eliciting information on major activities or duties was
added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine
more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. This
change resulted in several dramatic occupationahehifts, particularly
from managers and administrators to other groups. Thus, meaningful comparisons of occupational levels cannot always be made
for 1972 and subsequent years with earlier periods. However, revisions in the occupational classification system as well as in the
CPS questionnaire are believed to have had but a negligible impact
on unemployment rates.
Additional information on changes in the occupational classification system of the CPS appears in "Revisions in Occupational
Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey" in the February 1971 and February 1972 issues, respectively,
of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these changes
were, made in order to improve the efficiency of the sample
design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is to change
the sample design to make use of the recently collected census
materials. Also, occasionally the sample is expanded in terms of
number of sample areas and number of sample persons. In 1953, a
rotation plan was introduced in which a sample unit would be interviewed for 4 months, leave the sample for eight months, and
then return to the sample for another 4 months. When Alaska and
Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to
the sample to account for the population in these States. After the
1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from
census address lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is
still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a non-contiguous cluster
of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster of four housing
units. A recent change was introduced in January 1978, when a supplemental sample of housing units, selected in 24 States and the
District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable annual
average estimates for States, was incorporated with the existing
design. A coverage improvement sample was included in computing the estimates beginning in October 1978 in order to provide
coverage of mobile homes and new construction housing units that
previously had no chance for selection in the CPS sample. This
sample is composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represent 237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new
construction housing units. These new construction units are composed of those units where building permits were issued prior to
January 1970 and construction was not completed by the time of
the 1970 Census (i.e., April 1970). The extent of other sources of
housing undercoverage is unknown but believed to be small. The
135
Households eligible
Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 c
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956.
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 .
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966.
Jan. 1967 to July 1971 .
Aug. 1971 to July 1972.
Aug. 1972 to Dec, 1977.
Jan. 1978 to present . . .
Number of
sample
areas
68
230
330
333 3
357
449
449
461
614
Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
Not
interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
Households
visited not
eligible 2
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
9,500
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide
coverage in each State and the District of Columbia.
2 These are households which were visited, but were found to
be vacant or otherwise not eligible for interview.
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska
and Hawaii after statehood.
inclusion of this coverage improvement sample in the CPS does not
have a significant effect on the estimates.
The following table provides a description of some aspects of
the CPS sample design in use during the referenced data collection
periods. For a more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design, see The Current Population Survey: Design and
Methodology, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
Technical Paper No. 40, or Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey,
BLS Report 463.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for
the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that of the
population as a whole, in such characteristics as age, race, sex, and
residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with
labor force participation and other principal measurements made
from the sample, the latter estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these
population characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages
of ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS sample, a portion of the
614 sample areas are chosen to represent other areas not in the
sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was designed
to reduce the contribution to the variance resulting from requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore this
procedure is not applied to sample areas which represent only
themselves. The procedure is applied within each State that contains nonsample areas and takes into account the differences that
existed at the time of the 1970 census in the distribution by race
and residence of the population in sample areas and the known
race-residence distribution in the portions of the State represented
by these areas.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sampieproportion
in the categories described below are adjusted to the distribution of
independent current estimates of the population in the same
categories. The second-stage ratio estimate is done in order to increase the reliability of the estimates and is done in three steps. In
the first step, the sample estimates are adjusted within each State
and the District of Columbia to an independent control for the
population 16 years and over for the State. The second step involves "nonwhite" persons only, and is an adjustment to independent estimates of 40-age-sex-race categories across the whole
Nation. (The race categories used are black and other minority
.races.) The third adjustment is applied to all sample persons
and is a weighting to nationwide independent population estimates within 68 age-sex-race groups. The entire second-stage ratio
estimation procedure is iterated six times, each time beginning
at the weights developed the previous time. This iteration ensures
that the sample estimates both of State population and of national
age-sex-race categories, will be virtually equal to the independent
population estimates.
The independent controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the results
for a given month become available simultaneously and are based on
returns from the entire panel of respondents. There are no subsequent adjustments to independent benchmark data on labor force,
employment, or unemployment. Therefore, revisions of the historical data are not an inherent feature of this statistical program.
The CPS estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person. The basic weight, which is the inverse of
the probability of the person being in the sample, is a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. In States supplemented in the 1978 expansion, almost
all sample persons within the same sample area have the same
basic weight, but the weight may differ across sample areas. The
basic weight is the same for almost all sample persons in unsupplemented States. The basic weights are then adjusted for noninterview,
and the ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for occupied
sample households for which no information was obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondent for other reasons. This adjustment is made separately
by combinations of sample areas within each State and the District
of Columbia, and within these, for six groups—two race categories
(white, and black and other) within three residence categories. For
sample areas which are Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas
(SMSA's), these residence categories are the central cities, and the
urban and the rural balance of the SMSA's. For other sample
areas, the residence categories are urban, rural nonfarm, and
rural farm. The proportion of sample households not interviewed
varies from 3 to 5 percent depending on weather, vacations, etc.
'.36
of the trend in the growth of this segment of the population from
the April 1, 1970 census through the latest available July 1 estimate,
adjusted as a last step to a current estimate of the U.S. population
of this group. State estimates by age for July 1 are published
annually in Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 640 of that series. Descriptions of the age estimates
methodology are available on request from the Chief of the
Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington,
D.C. 20233.
Prior to January 1974, the independent national controls used
for the age-sex-race groups in both the second and third steps
of the second-stage ratio estimation procedure were prepared
by carrying forward the most recent census data (1970) after taking
account of subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and
migration between the United States and other countries. Beginning
in 1974, the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent
population controls was introduced into the CPS estimation procedures. These independent controls are prepared by inflating the
most recent census counts to include the estimated net census undercount by age, sex, and race, aging this population forward to each
subsequent month and later age by adding births and net migration,
and subtracting deaths. These post-censal population estimates are
then "deflated" to census level to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. The actual
percent change over time in the population in any age group is
preserved.
3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a given
month, a composite estimating procedure is used which takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts
of the sample (75 percent) as well as the sample results for the
current month. Almost all estimates of month-to-month change
are improved by this procedure, and most estimates of levels are
also improved, but to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals
shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals
and components to the nearest thousand. Differences, however,
are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based on a
sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors
provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error.
They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors
in response and enumeration but do not measure any systematic
biases in the data.
Nonsampling errors. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to qualify some
sources of nonsampling error in the CPS as discussed below. The
effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative
change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly
levels would be more severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many sources,
e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the sample,
definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, inability to recall information, errors made in collection such as in recording or coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made in estimating values for missing data,
and failure to represent all sample households and all persons
within sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as well
as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers. A random
sample of each interviewer's work is inspected through reinterview
at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that
the data published from the CPS are subject to moderate systematic
biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the
other results may be found in the Current Population Survey
Reeinterview
Program, January
1961 through December
1966,
Technical Paper No. 19. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau
of the Census.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in the
CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan used
for the sample, since the level of the estimates vary by rotation
group, A description of these effects appears in the article "The
Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates from Panel Surveys,"
by Barbara A. Bailer, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing units and
missed persons within sample households. Overall undercoverage, as
compared to the level of the decennial census, is about 5 percent. It
is known that the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, and race.
Generally, undercoverage is larger for males than for females and
larger for black and other races than for whites. Ratio estimation
to independent age-sex-race population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics than interviewed
persons in the same age-sex-race group. Further, the independent
population controls used have not been adjusted for undercoverage
in the 1970 census, which was estimated at 2.5 percent of the
population, with differentials by age, sex, and race similar to those
observed in the CPS.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS appears
in the paper, "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by the
Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar,
Proceedings of the Annual Meetings of the American Statistical
Association, Social Statistics Section, Chicago, Illinois, August
1977; in the paper "The Current Population Survey: An Overview,"
by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of Economic and
Social Measurement, Vol. 2, No. 2, April 1973; and in The Current
Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No.
40, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. This last
document includes a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of
various sources of errors, and describes attempts to measure them
in the CPS.
Sampling error. Since the estimates are based on a sample, they
may differ somewhat from the figures that would have been obtained if a complete census had been taken using the same schedules,
instructions, and enumerators. The standard error is primarily a
measure of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that
occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an
estimate from the survey differs from a complete census figure
by less than the standard error. The chances are about 95 out of
100 that the differences would be less than twice the standard
error.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a
large number of estimates and could be prepared at a moderate cost,
a number of approximations were required. First, the standard
errors in this report reflect the sample design and estimation
procedure in effect prior to the expansion for annual average
State estimates. Thus, these standard errors mav slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present design. Secondly,
instead of computing an individual standard error for each estimate,
generalized sets of standard errors were computed for various
types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable
estimates of the standard errors. Consequently, the sets of
137
standard errors provided give an indication of the order of
magnitude of the standard error of an estimate rather than the
precise standard error.
Tables A and B show approximate standard errors for major
employment status characteristics for both monthly estimates
and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are
applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.
Tables C through G provide generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated totals,
unemployment rates, and percentages. Table H contains factors
for use with table G for computing standard errors, as described
below, for monthly level and month-to-month change for percentages. Standard errors for intermediate values not shown in the
tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard
error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more
closely related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to
the size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-to-month
change as given in the tables of standard errors, it is necessary
to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should
be noted that the tables of standard errors for month-to-month
change apply only to estimates of change between two consecutive months. Estimates of change over other time periods are
subject to higher standard errors. For years prior to 1967, the
standard errors must be adjusted due to differences in sample
size. For years before 1956, the standard errors should be multiplied by 1.50 and for the 1956-1966 period they should be multiplied by 1.22.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables C and D provide
generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for month-tomonth change. The figures given in these tables are to be used for
the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that the tables showed that the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000, an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in
the second column of table C shows that the standard error on an
estimate of 12,000,000 is about 150,000. Consequently, the
chances are about 68 out of 100 that the sample estimate differs by
less than 150,000 from the figure which would have been obtained
from a complete count of the number of persons working the given
number of hours. Recall that the standard error of a month-to-month
change is primarily dependent on the size of the monthly estimate.
Thus, using linear interpolation in column one of table D the
standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000 when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000 is about 111,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability of an
estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and denominator,
depends on both the size of the rate or percentage and the total
upon which the rate or percentage is based. Estimated rates and
percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding
estimates of the numerator of the rates or percentages; this is
particularly true for percentages of 5 0 percent or more. As a
general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly
base is less than 75,000 or the annual average base is less than
35,000.
Tables E and F shows generalized standard errors for monthly
level and month-to-month change for unemployment rates.
Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages
and estimated month-to-month change in percentages can be
obtained through the use of the standard errors in table G and
138
the factors in table H. First obtain the standard error from table
G for the specific percentage and base. The generalized standard
error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from
table G by the appropriate factor from table H. When the
numerator and denominator of the percentage are in different
categories, use the factor indicated by the numerator of the
percentage.
Illustration. For example, assume that the tables show that
3.6 percent of a total of 90,771,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. First the standard error on an estimate of
3.6 percent with a base of 90,771,000 is obtained from table G
(0.09 percent). The appropriate factor from table H for the numerator of the percentage, agriculture employment, is 1.26. The
generalized standard error on the estimated 3.6 percent is then
approximately 0.09 x 1.26 = 0.1 percent.
Table A. Standard errors of major employment
status categories
(In thousands)
Standard error o f —
Employment status, sex,
age, and race
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16-19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Black and other, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
•
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16-19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Monthly
level
Month-tomonth change
(consecutive
months only)
223
236
107
171
180
111
124
135
68
107
118
71
168
167
64
129
131
67
80
84
56
85
94
69
78
85
54
60
65
57
44
49
33
38
43
35
62
62
34
48
49
36
33
30
29
37
35
32
Table B. Standard errors of unemployment rates for major characteristics
Standard error of—
Selected categories
Monthly
level
Total (all civilian workers)
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
White workers
Black (and other) workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present . . . .
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over . . . .
,11
.13
.17
.55
.11
.45
.12
.21
.11
.32
.06
Standard error of—
Selected categories
Consecutive
month change
.12
.18
Blue-collar workers—Continued
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives . . . .
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
.35
.49
.62
.31
.55
.40
.55
.71
.34
.62
.12
.58
.22
.27
.36
.31
.25
.17
.21
1.09
.13
.66
.24
.30
.40
.35
.28
.19
.23
1.24
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and
salary workers
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities . .
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers . . .
.13
.20
.19
.37
.23
.20
.27
Consecutive
month change
OCCUPATION—Continued
.11
.13
.18
.65
.11
.47
.13
.22
.12
.40
.07
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators,
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Monthly
level
.21
.41
.26
.22
.30
Table C. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(In thousands)
Characteristics1
Labor force data other than
unemployment and agricultural employment data
Estimated
monthly
level
50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
1
Agricultural
employment
13
18
41
57
81
113
137
Total
or
white
Black
and
other
10
14
32
45
64
90
109
125
139
166
188
219
249
253
260
260
254
221
143
10
14
32
44
60
79
88
90
87
36
Total
or
white,
16-19 years
10
14
32
44
60
77
84
84
76
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a
group which is a subset of the age, sex, race groups listed, use the
standard error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the
Black and
other,
16-19 years
10
14
28
33
13
Total or
white males
only, or
females only
9
13
30
42
59
82
99
113
124
146
161
177
178
164
131
49
Unemployment
Black and
other
males only,
or
females only
9
13
29
40
52
60
53
16
Total
or
white
10
14
31
44
62
87
106
122
135
163
182
Black
and
other
11
15
33
46
63
83
93
standard error on the estimated number of employed persons age
20 to 54 years use the column for total employed.
138
Table D. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(In thousands)
Type of characteristic
Labor force data other than unemployment and agriculture employment data
Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Total
or
white
Black
and
other
8
11
24
34
47
66
81
93
103
123
130
163
179
189
194
195
191
179
119
8
11
23
33
45
58
65
68
65
33
50
100 ....
500
1,000 . . .
2,000 . . .
4,000 . . .
6,000 . . .
8,000 . . .
10,000.,
15,000 . ,
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000
50,000
60,000 .
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
Total, or
white,
16-19 years
Black and
other,
16-19 years
12
17
37
52
70
89
96
93
78
See footnote 1, table C.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons
Both sexes
16-19 years,
or part-time
labor force
11
16
35
48
68
93
110
123
132
145
146
12
17
33
37
Total
or
white
12
17
39
55
77
107
129
147
162
191
211
Black
and
other
Black
and other,
16-19 years
12
16
36
49
65
80
12
17
34
39
reentering the labor force, persons who left their last job, and
persons by duration of unemployment.
Table E. Standard errors of unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate
Monthly base of unemployment
rate (In thousands)
50 ....
100....
500. ...
1,000..
2,000 . .
4,000 . .
6,000 . .
10,000.
20,000 .
60,000 .
-"00,000
140
10
2.05
1.45
.65
.46
.32
.23
.19
.15
.11
.06
.04
2.88
2.04
.91
.65
.46
.32
.26
.21
.15
.08
.06
4.49
3.18
1.42
1.01
.71
.50
.41
.32
.23
.12
.10
15
20
25
30
35
6.18
4.37
1.96
1.38
.98
.69
.57
.44
.31
.17
.13
7.36
5.20
2.33
1.65
1.17
.83
.67
.52
.37
.20
.16
8.25
5.83
2.61
1.84
1.31
.92
.75
.59
.41
.23
.18
8.93
6.32
2.82
2.00
1.42
1.00
.82
.63
.45
.25
.19
9.46
6.69
2.99
2.12
1.50
1.06
.86
.67
.47
.26
.20
9.85
6.97
3.12
2.21
1.56
1.10
.90
.70
.49
.27
.21
50
10.36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16
.94
.73
.51
.28
.22
Table F. Standard errors of month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate
Monthly base of unemployment
rate (In thousands)
50
100
500
1,000 . . .
2,000 . . .
4,000 . . .
6,000 . . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 .
100,000
10
2.32
1.64
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.16
.11
.06
.05
3.28
2.32
1.04
.73
.52
.37
.30
.13
.15
.09
.07
5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.24
.13
.10
15
20
25
30
35
50
7.10
5.02
2.25
1.59
1.12
8.52
6.02
2.69
9.64
6.81
3.04
1.90
1.34
.94
.76
2.15
1.51
1.06
.86
.65
.44
.22
.14
10.05
7.11
3.17
2.24
1.57
1.10
11.39
8.05
3.58
2.52
1.76
11.97
8.39
3.73
2.62
1.83
1.26
1.00
12.55
8.87
3.93
2.74
1.89
1.26
.79
.64
.49
.33
.18
.13
.59
.39
.21
.14
1.22
.97
.72
.89
.67
.48
.23
.51
Table G. Standard errors of estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for
labor force data
Percentage of monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(In thousands)
50
100
500
1,000 . .
2,000 . .
4,000 . .
6,000 ..
10,000 .
20,000 .
40,000 .
60,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
160,000
1
or 99
2
or 98
5
or 95
10
or 90
15
or 85
20
or 80
25
or 75
30
or 70
35
or 65
2.03
1.43
.64
.45
.32
.23
.19
.14
.10
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04
2.85
2.02
.90
.64
.45
.32
.26
.20
.14
.10
.08
.07
.06
.05
4.44
3.14
1.41
.99
.70
.50
.41
.31
.22
.16
.13
.11
.10
.08
6.12
4.32
1.93
1.37
7.28
5.15
2.30
1.63
1.15
.81
.66
.51
.36
.26
.21
.18
.16
8.15
5.77
2.58
1.82
1.29
.91
.74
.58
.41
8.83
6.24
2.79
9.34
6.61
2.95
9.72
6.88
3.07
1.97
1.40
2.09
2.17
1.48
1.04
.85
.66
.47
.33
.27
.23
.21
.17
1.54
1.09
NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by
the factors in table H to obtain the approximate standard error for
.97
.68
.56
.43
.31
.22
.18
.15
.14
.11
.13
.29
.24
.20
.18
.14
.99
.81
.62
.44
.31
.25
.22
.20
.16
.89
.69
.49
.34
.28
.24
.22
.17
50
10.19
7.21
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.73
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.18
a specific type of characteristic.
Table H. Factors to be used with Table G to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and
month-to-month changes in percentages
Factor
Factor
Type of characteristic
Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force . . .
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural employment data and unemployment data:
Total
Males only
Females only
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Part-time labor force
Monthly level
1.26
1.26
1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00
Month-to-month
change
1.05
1.50
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18
Type of characteristic
Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration
of unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment
characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Black and other:
Total
Both sexes, 16-19 years . . . .
Monthly level
Month-to-month
change
1.01
1.21
.97
.97
1.08
1.21
1.04
1.04
1.13
1.24
141
Establishment data
(B, C, and D tables)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and salary
employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover in nonagricultural
establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Federal-State cooperation
Under cooperative arrangements with State agencies, the respondent fills out a single employment or labor turnover reporting form, which is then used for national. State, and area estimates.
This eliminates duplicate reporting on the part of respondents, and
together with the use of identical techniques at the national and
State levels, insures maximum comparability of estimates.
State agencies mail the forms to the establishments and examine
the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The
States use the information to prepare State and area series
and then send the establishment data to the BLS (Washington
Office) for use in preparing the national series.
Shuttle schedules
Two types of data collection schedules are used: Form BLS
790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and Hours; and Form
1219—Monthly Report on Labor Turnover. The collection agency
returns the schedule to the respondent each month so that the
next month's data can be entered on the space allotted for that
month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability
and accuracy of reporting, since the respondent can see the figures
that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the number of fulland part-time workers on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, payroll and hours of production
and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month. Form DL 1219 provides for
the collection of information on the total number of accessions and
separations, by type, during the calendar month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 and Form DL 1219
are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product
or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
This information is collected each year on a supplement to the
monthly 790 or 1219 report. For an establishment making more
than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire
employment of the establishment is included under the industry
indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover
for the Nation and for most States and areas are classified in accordance with the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual
(SICM), Office of Management and Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government,
refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for
any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the
last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted
if they performed any service during the month.
142
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid volunteer
or family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers in households. Salaried officers of corporations are included. Government
employment covers only civilian employees, military personnel are
excluded. Employees of the Central Intelligence and National
Security Agencies are also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick leave
(when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid holiday or
paid vacation, or who work during a part of the pay period even
though they are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the
period are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are
persons who are laid off, on leave without pay, or on strike for the
entire period or who are hired but have not been paid during the
period.
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of
payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in the remaining private nonagricultural components. For Federal Government, hours and earnings
relate to all employees, both supervisory and nonsupervisory.
Terms are defined below. When the pay period reported is longer
than 1 week, figures are reduced to a weekly basis.
Production and related workers include working supervisors
and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees)
engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving,
storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, maintenance,
repair, janitorial and guard services, product development, auxiliary
production for plants own use (e.g., power plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the above
production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in the
construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, laborers, etc., whether working at
the site of construction or in shops or yards, at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of
the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above the
working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers,
repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides, teachers, drafters,
photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial
workers, attendants, line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors,
guards, and other employees at similar occupational levels whose
services are closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production,
construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any
part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. The
payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age
and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax,
bonds or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacations, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless
earned and paid regularly each pay period), other pay not earned in
the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay), tips, and the value
of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded.
"Fringe benefits" (such as health and other types of insurance,
contributions to retirement, etc. paid by the employer) are also
excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for, during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month, for production, construction, or
nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays and
vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received directly from
the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related
workers for which overtime premiums were paid because the hours
were in excess of the number of hours of either the straight-time
workday or the workweek during the pay period which includes the
12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only
if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums
were paid are excluded.
Gross average hourly and weekly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic
hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes in
output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also reflect
shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid
and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual
establishments. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect
changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings
are the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time; rates
are the amount stipulated for a given unit of work or time. The
earnings series does not measure the level of total labor costs on
the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular
bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfare benefits,
payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those employees
not covered under the production worker, construction worker,
or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Therefore, weekly
earnings are affected not only by changes in gross average hourly
earnings but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey
period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may
cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of gross average weekly earnings can be
affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of
part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries
have reduced average workweeks in these industries and have
affected the average weekly earnings series.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates to the
average hours for which pay was received and is different from
standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism,
labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly
hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of
component industries.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that portion of the gross average weekly hours which exceeded regular
hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If an employee
were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total
compensation his holiday pay plus straight-time pay for hours
worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, gross
weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month-to-month; for example, overtime premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse trends at the
industry-group level also may be caused by a marked change in
hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was
worked in both the previous and current months. In addition,
such factors as stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may
not have the same influence on overtime hours as on gross hours.
Hours and earnings for total private nonagricultural industries. The
series covers all nonagricultural industry divisions except government. The principal source of payroll data is Form BLS 790.
Secondary source material such as the Bureau's Employment and
Wages, County Business Patterns of the Bureau of the Census, and
additional supporting information such as The Hospital Guide,
Part I I , of the American Hospital Association and special studies
by the National Council of Churches supplement data for certain
industry groups within the services division.
For a technical description of this series, see the article, "Hours
and Earnings for Workers in Private Nonagricultural Industries,"
published in the May 1967 issue of Employment and Earnings
and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. Reprints are available
upon request.
Railroads hours and earnings. The figures for class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly
data summarized in the M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce
Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials,
and staff assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Gross average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are
obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced
to a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above.
Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Spendable average weekly earnings. Spendable average weekly earnings in current dollars are obtained by deducting estimated Federal
social security and income taxes from average weekly earnings.
The amount of income tax liability depends on the number of
dependents supported by the worker, the worker's marital status,
and level of gross income. To reflect these variables, the Bureau
calculates two sets of spendable earnings series based on the assumptions that the worker earned the gross average weekly earnings and was taxed at the rates applicable to either (1) a worker
with no dependents, or (2) a married worker with three dependents
who files a joint return. The computations are based on gross average weekly earnings for all production or nonsupervisory workers in
the industry division excluding other income and income earned by
other family members.
The series reflects the spendable earnings of only those workers,
with no dependents or three dependents, whose gross weekly pay
approximates the average earnings indicated for all production and
nonsupervisory workers. It does not reflect, for example, the average earnings of all married workers with three dependents; such
workers, in fact have higher gross average earnings than workers
with no dependents.
Since part-time as well as full-time workers are included, and
since the proportion of part-time workers has been rising, the
series understates the increase in earnings for full-time workers.
As noted, "fringe benefits" are not included in the earnings.
For a more complete discussion of the uses and limitations of
these series, see the article by Paul M. Schwab, "Two Measures
of Purchasing Power Contrasted," in the Monthly Labor Review
for April 1971. Reprints of this article are available upon request
from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
"Real" earnings or earnings in constant dollars, are computed
by dividing the earnings averages for the current month by the
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
143
Workers (CPI-W), and then multiplying by 100. "Real" earnings for
months prior to January 1978 are deflated by the unrevised
CPI-W, whereas those for January 1978 forward are deflated by the
revised CPI-W. This is done for gross average weekly earnings and
for spendable average weekly earnings. The level of earnings is thus
adjusted for changes in the purchasing power of the dollar since the
base period (1967).
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing
the total production-worker payroll for the industry group by the
sum of total production-worker hours and one-half of total overtime hours. Prior to January 1956, these data were based on the
application of adjustment factors to gross average hourly earnings
(as described in the Monthly Labor Review, May 1950, pp. 537-540).
Both methods eliminate only the earnings due to overtime paid for
at V/2 times the straight-time rates. No adjustment is made for other
premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work,
and overtime rates other than time and one-half.
Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours. The indexes
of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours are prepared by dividing the
current month's aggregate by the monthly average for the 1967
period. The hour aggregates are the product of average weekly
hours and production-worker or nonsupervisory-worker employment, and the payroll aggregates are the product of hour aggregates
and average hourly earnings. At all higher levels of aggregation,
hour and payroll aggregates are the sum of the component aggregates.
Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure the percent of industries which posted increases in employment over the specified
time span. The indexes are calculated from 172 unpublished
seasonally adjusted employment series (two-digit nonmanufacturing
industries and three-digit manufacturing industries) covering all
nonagricultural payroll employment in the private sector. A more
detailed discussion of these indexes appears in "Introduction of
Diffusion Indexes," in the December 1974 issue of Employment
and Earnings.
Labor turnover
Labor turnover is the gross movement of wage and salary workers into and out of employed status with respect to individual
establishments. This movement, which relates to a calendar month,
is divided into two broad types: Accessions (new hires and rehires)
and separations (terminations of employment initiated by either
employer or employee). Each type of action is cumulated for a
calendar month and expressed as a rate per 100 employees. The
date relate to all employees, whether full- or part-time, permanent
or temporary, including executive, office, sales, other salaried
personnel, and production workers. Transfers to another establishment of the company are included, beginning with January 1959.
Accessions are the total number of permanent and temporary
additions to the employment roll, including both new and rehired
employees.
New hires are temporary or permanent additions to the employment roll of persons who have never before been employed in
the establishment (except employees transferring from another
establishment of the same company) or of former employees
not recalled by the employer.
Recalls are permanent or temporary additions to the employment roll of persons specifically recalled to a job in the same
establishment of the company following a period of layoff lasting
144
more than 7 consecutive days. (The collection of recalls, as a
separate item, began January 1976.)
Other accessions are all additions to the employment roll which
are not classified as new hires or recalls. These include transfers
from other establishments of the company and former employees
returning from military leave or other absences without pay who
have been counted as separations. Data on other accessions are not
published separately but are included in total accessions.
Separations are terminations of employment during the calendar
month and are classified according to cause: Quits, layoffs, and
other separations are defined as follows:
Quits are terminations of employment initiated by employees,
failure to report after being hired (if counted as new hires previously), and unauthorized absences, if on the last day of the month
the person has been absent more than 7 consecutive calendar
days.
Layoffs are suspensions without pay lasting or expected to last
more than 7 consecutive calendar days, initiated by the employer
without prejudice to the worker.
Other separations, which are not published separately but are
included in total separations, are terminations of employment
because of discharge, permanent disability, death, retirement,
transfers to another establishment of the company, and entrance
into the Armed Forces for a period expected to last more than
30 consecutive calendar days.
Relationship of labor turnover to employment series
Month=to-month changes in total employment in manufacturing
industries reflected by labor turnover rates are not comparable with
the changes shown in the Bureau's employment series for the following reasons: (1) Accessions and separations are computed for
the entire calendar month; the employment reports refer to the pay
period which includes the 12th of the month; and (2) employees
on strike are not counted as turnover actions although such employees are excluded from the employment estimates if the work
stoppage extends through the report period.
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate employment for the industry statistics are (1) the use of the "link
relative" technique, which is a form of ratio estimation, (2) periodic
adjustment of employment levels to new benchmarks, and (3) the
use of size and regional stratification.
The "link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for both
the previous and current months, the ratio of current month employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is
called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees,
including production and nonproduction workers together) for
the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for
the previous month by these "link relatives." In addition, small
bias correction factors are applied to selected employment estimates each month. The size of the bias correction factors is
determined from past experience. Other features of the general
procedures are described in table I. Summary of methods for
Table I. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover
Item
Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size, or region/size cell)
Aggregate industry levels (divisions,
groups and, where stratified,
individual cells)
Monthly data
All employees
Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees
Gross average weekly hours
All-employees estimate for previous
Sum of all-employee estimates for commonth multiplied by ratio of all emponent cells.
ployees in current month to all employees in previous month, for
sample establishments which reported for both months.
All-employee estimate for current
month multiplied by (1) ratio of
production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2)
estimated ratio of women to all employees.
'roduction- or nonsupervisory-worker
hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers.
Sum of production- or nonsupervisoryworker estimates, or estimates of
women employees, for component
cells.
Average, weighted by production- or
nonsupervisory-worker employment,
of the average weekly hours for component cells.
Average weekly overtime hours
'roduction-worker overtime hours di-
Average, weighted by production-worker
vided by number of production
Gross average hourly earnings
employment, of the average weekly
workers.
overtime hours for component cells.
Total production- or nonsupervisory-
Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of
worker payroll divided by total
the average hourly earnings for com-
production- or nonsupervisory-
ponent cells.
worker hours.
Gross average weekly earnings
'roduct of gross average weekly hours
and average hourly earnings.
Labor turnover rates
The number of particular actions (e.g.,
quits) in reporting establishments
divided by total employment in
those firms. The result is multiplied
by 1 00.
Product of gross average weekly hours
and average hourly earnings.
Average, weighted by employment, of
the rates for component cells.
Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and production or
nonsupervisory workers
Gross average weekly hours
Average weekly overtime hours
Sum of monthly estimates divided by
12.
Annual total of aggregate hours
(production- or nonsupervisoryworker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by
annual sum of employment.
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Annual total of aggregate overtime
hours (production-worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours
Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers
divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.
for production workers divided by
annual sum of employment for
these workers.
See footnotes at end of table.
145
Table I. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, earnings, and
labor turnover—Continued
Item
Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size, or region/size cell)
Aggregate industry levels (divisions,
groups and, where stratified,
individual cells)
Annual average data—Continued
Gross average hourly earnings
Annual total of aggregate payrolls
(product of production- or
nonsupervisory-worker employment by weekly hours and hourly
earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual aggregate hours.
Gross average weekly earnings
Product of gross average weekly hours
and average hourly earnings.
Product of gross average weekly hours
and average hourly earnings.
Labor turnover rates
Annual aggregate (of each labor turnover action) divided by annual
sum of employment.
Annual aggregate (of each labor turnover action) divided by annual sum
of employment.
The estimates result from multiplying the product shown by
business birth adjustment factors to compensate for the under
representation of newly formed enterprises in the sample.
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio,
average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly
earnings are modified by a wedging technique designed to corncomputing
industry
statistics on employment, hours, earnings,
and labor turnover.
pensate for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary
character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample, and at
the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of
the latest sample average.
Table
J.
Comparison of
nonagricultural
employment
benchmarks based on 1972 SIC and estimates based on
1967 SIC for 1977
Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment
and/or by region, and the stratified production- or nonsupervisory
worker-data are used to weight the hours and earnings into broader
industry groupings. Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an
employment, hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the
summary of computational methods, may be a whole industry or a
size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within
an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with comprehensive counts of employment which provide "benchmarks"
for the various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1977 levels. Normally, benchmark
adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment
data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports
of establishments covered under State unemployment insurance laws.
These tabulations cover nearly nine-tenths of the total nonagricultural
employment in the United States. Benchmark data for the residual
are obtained from the records of the Social Security Administration,
the Interstate Commerce Commission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with new
benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are necessary,
the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted at levels between the new benchmark and the preceding one,
and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward
progressively to the current month by use of the sample trends.
Thus, under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish the
level of employment; the sample is used to measure the month-tomonth changes in the level. A comparison of the actual amounts
of revisions made at the time of the March 1977 benchmark adjustment is shown in table J.
146
Industry division
Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
. . .
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate . .
Services
Government
Benchmark
(1972
SIC)
March
1977
Estimate
Percent
(1967
SIC) difference
March
1977
80,493
80 547
-0 1
805
3 430
19,253
827
3 451
19,183
-2.7
- 6
.4
4,603
17,891
4,522
17,799
1.8
.5
4,377
14 935
15,199
4,422
15 028
15,315
-1.0
- 6
-.8
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been adjusted are subject to revision. To provide users of
the data with a convenient reference source for the revised data,
the BLS publishes, as soon as possible after each benchmark revision, a summary volume of employment, hours, earnings, and labor
turnover statistics, entitled Employment and Earnings, United
States.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the current employment statistics
program is known as "sampling proportionate to average size of
establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design among
strata since the sampling variance is proportional to the average size
of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments
fall into the sample with certainty. The size of the sample for the
various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost considerations. In a manufacturing industry in
which a high proportion of total employment is concentrated in
relatively few establishments, a large percentage of total employment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments with only a few chosen from among the smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of employment is great
enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is in small establishments, the sample
design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a
substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade
and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to
a size which can be handled by available resources, it is necessary
to design samples for these industries with a smaller proportion of
universe employment than is the case for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing
divisions generally show less fluctuations from regular cyclical or
seasonal patterns than do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller samples (in terms of employment) generally
produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS employment and labor turnover
statistics programs, with their emphasis on producing timely data
at minimum cost, a sample must be obtained which will provide
coverage of a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and
regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most
industries. With its use, the BLS is able to produce preliminary
estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic
levels within a few weeks after reports are mailed by respondents,
and at a somewhat later date, statistics in considerably greater
industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social
statistics. Table K shows the approximate proportion
of total
employment in each industry division covered by the group of
establishments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from
the proportions shown. Table L shows the approximate coverage,
in terms of employment, of the labor turnover sample.
Table K. Approximate size and coverage of BLS
employment and payrolls sample, March 1 9 7 7 1
Industry division
Number of
establishments in
sample
Total
Number
reported
Percent
of total
164,300
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
putlic utilities:
Railroad transportation (ICC)
Other transportation
and public utilities . .
Wholesale and retail
trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Government:
Federal (Civil Service
Commission)
State and local
32,152,000
40
2,100
16,300
47,100
313,000
686,000
11,166,000
39
20
58
77
508,000
95
7,400
2,208,000
53
40,600
3,242,000
18
10,600
24,300
1,583,000
2,896,000
36
19
2,714,000
6,836,000
100
55
3,700
12,100
Since a few establishments do not report payroll and hour
information, hours and earnings estimates may be based on a
slightly smaller sample than employment estimates.
National estimates of Federal employment are provided
to the BLS by the Civil Service Commission. State and area
estimates are based on a sample of 3,700 reports covering
about 55 percent of employment in Federal establishments.
Table L. Approximate size and coverage of BLS labor
turnover sample, March 1977
Employees
Industry
Number reported Percent of total
Reliability of the employment estimates
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived
from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained
if it were possible to take a complete census using the same
schedules and procedures,, As discussed under the previous section,
a "link relative" technique is used to estimate employment. This
requires the use of the previous month's estimate as the base
in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling
and response errors may cumulate over several months. To remove
this accumulated error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually
to new benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates for
changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments
(resulting from changes in their product which are not reflected in
the levels of estimates until the data are adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed industry levels, particularly
within manufacturing, changes in classification are the major cause
of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from
improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table M presents the average percent revisions (based on the 1967 SIC) of the
Employees
Total
Manufacturing
Mining
Telephone communication. .
10,070,140
9,233,370
136,810
49
48
41
699,960
72
six most recent benchmarks (excluding the March 1973 adjustment)
for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of individual
benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for cells are not subject
to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be
affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours
and earnings estimates, however, are subject to sampling errors
which may be expressed as relative errors of the estimates. (A
relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the
estimate.) Relative errors (based on the 1967 SIC) for major
industries are presented in table M and for individual industries
with the specified number of employees in table N. The chances are
about 2 out of 3 that the hours and earnings estimates from the
sample would differ by a smaller percentage than the relative error
147
from the averages that would have been obtained from a complete
census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error (RMSE).
The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias in
estimates
V (Standard Deviation)2 + (Bias)2
RMSE=
If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an estimate
from the sample would differ from its benchmark by less than
the root-mean-square error. The chances are about 19 out of 20
that the difference would be less than twice the root-mean-square
error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on the
experience of the last 6 years and the 1967 SIC) of differences
between final estimates and benchmarks are presented in
table N.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in the
tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample
and are revised when all the reports in the sample have been received. Table O presents root-mean-square errors of the amounts
of revisions that may be expected between the preliminary and
final levels of employment and preliminary and final month-to-month
changes. Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates are
normally not greater than .1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent
for hourly earnings.
Table N. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings1
Root-meansquare
error of
employment
estimates2
Size of employment
estimate
50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
1,900
2,700
4,100
9,600
13,000
16,800
Industry division
50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
10,000,000
0.2
.1
1.2
1.2
.3
.4
.3
0.1
.5
.2
.1
.1
.1
0.2
.5
.3
.1
.1
.1
.4
.3
1.0
.2
.7
.1
.2
.2
.4
.2
.4
.6
.6
.2
.4
.4
.8
.3
.2
Based on 1967 SIC.
The average percent revision in employment for the 1967-71
and 1974 benchmarks.
3
Relative errors relate to March 1971 data.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for
Federal Government and samples for State and local government
benchmarked to a quinquennial census of government conducted
by the Bureau of the Census.
148
.9
.8
.5
.5
0
Contract construction . . . 0
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
,
Government
600
700
1,200
3,200
4,200
6,300
23,000
94,000
Total nonagricultural
employment
1
Root-mean-square
error of
Month-toMonthly
month
level
change
600
800
1,400
3,300
4,200
6,500
27,000
,
Mining
Total nonagricultural employment
Total private
Mining
Contract construction . . .
Manufacturing
Durable
Nondurable goods . . .
Transportation and public
utilities
Trade
Wholesale
Retail
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Government
1.5
1.1
Table O. Errors of preliminary employment estimates1
Table M. Average benchmark percent revision in employment estimates and relative errors for average weekly
hours and average hourly earnings by industry division 1
Average
Relative errors
(in percent)
benchmark revision in
Average Average
estimates
hourly
weekly
of
earnings
hours
employment
0.9
.7
.5
.4
.3
.3
Based on 1967 SIC.
Assuming 12-month Intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to March 1971 data.
Size of employment estimate
[In percent]
Relative errors 3
(in percent)
Average
Average
hourly
weekly
earnings
hours
81,000
6,000
17,000
35,000
14,000
33,000
6,000
27,000
45,000
5,000
15,000
33,000
12,000
31,000
6,000
22,000
39,000
Based on 1967 SIC.
STATISTICS FOR STATES A N D AREAS
State and area employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover
data are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLSO The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages
(usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they
occur. Additional industry detail may be obtained from the State
agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue. These
statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by BLS
for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the
State figures may differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S.
totals on a national basis, because some States have more recent
benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing
industrial and geographic stratification.
For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sections of
this periodical, all the annual average data for the detailed industry
statistics currently published by each cooperating State agency are
presented (from the earliest date of availability of each series) in a
summary volume published annually by the BLS.
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
Tables C-10, C-11, and C-12 are compiled by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of
compensation and Gross National Product supplied by the U.S.
Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board.
Definition
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers.
Output is the constant dollar market value of final goods and
services produced in a given period. Indexes of output per hour of
labor input, or labor productivity, measure changes in the volume
of goods and services produced per unit of labor.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees
plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private bene-
fit plans. The data also include an estimate of wages, salaries, and
supplementary payment for the self-employed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted
to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer Price Index
for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required
to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour. Unit nonlabor payments
include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit
of output. They are computed by subtracting compensation of all
persons from the current dollar gross national product and dividing
by output, in these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the
components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits. Unit
profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the current
dollar estimate of gross product by the constant dollar estimate,
making the deflator, in effect, a price index for gross product of
the sector reported.
Notes on the data
For the private business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the Gross Domestic Product less households
and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and statistical discrepancy.
For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the Gross
Domestic Product of nonfinancial corporate business.
Manufacturing data have been revised to reflect revisions in the
Federal Reserve Board Index of Industrial Production. Output data
are supplied by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department
of Commerce, and the Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures
have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual
estimates of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau
of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hour data are from the
Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
State and area unemployment data
(E table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal assistance
programs are developed by State employment security agencies
under a Federal-State cooperative program. The local unemployment estimates which are derived from standardized procedures
developed by BLS are the basis for determining eligibility of an
area for benefits under Federal programs such as the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, the Public Work Employment Act and the Public Works and Economic Development Act.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Labor force and unemployment in 10 large States: New York,
California, Illinois, Ohio, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan,
Texas, Massachusetts, and Florida; and two areas: Los AngelesLong Beach metropolitan area and New York City, are sufficiently
reliable to be used directly from the CPS. For a description of
the CPS concepts see "Explanatory note A, Household Data," above.
Monthly employment and unemployment estimates in the remaining 40 States and 205 labor market areas are prepared in
several stages,
1 .Preliminary estimate—Employment: The total employment estimate is based primarily on data from the survey of establishments
which produces an estimate of payroll employment. This place-ofwork estimate must be adjusted to refer to place of residence as
used in the CPS= Factors for adjusting from place of work to place
of residence have been developed for the major categories of employment by class of worker and industry on the basis of employment relationships which existed at the time of the 1970 Decennial
Census. These factors are applied to the payroll employment estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment
estimates.
149
2. Preliminary estimate-Unemployment: In the current month, the
estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each
of three building block categories: (1) Persons who were previously
employed in industries covered by State Ul laws; (2) those previously employed in industries not covered by these laws; and
(3) those who were either entering the labor force of the first time
or reentering after a period of separation. This is referred to below,
as the Ul-based estimate.
An estimate for those previously employed in covered industries is derived from a count of current unemployment insurance
claimants, plus estimates of claimants whose benefits have been
exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving benefits for
nonmonetary reasons (because they quit, were discharged for
cause, etc., but would otherwise have been eligible), and persons
who either filed claims late, or not at all.
The estimate of those previously employed in industries not
covered by Ul is derived by applying to the employment estimate
for each non-covered industry or class of worker subgroup in the
State, the ratio of covered unemployment to covered employment,
weighted by factors reflecting national historical relationships.
For the third category, new entrants and reentrants into the
labor force, a composite estimate is developed from equations that
relate the total entrants into the labor force to the experienced
unemployed and the experienced labor force. For each month, the
estimate of entrants into the labor force is a function of: (a) the
month of the year; (b) the level of the experienced unemployed;
(c) the level of the experienced labor force; and (d) proportion of
the working age population that is considered "youth." The composite estimate of total entrants is defined as:
U=A(X+E) + BX, Where
U=total entrant unemployment
E=total employment
X=total experienced unemployment
A,B=synthetic factors incorporating seasonal variation and
an assumed relationship between the proportion of
youths in the working population and the historical
relationship of entrants to the experienced unemployed
(B factor) or the experienced labor force (A factor).
3. Correction factors for employment and unemployment are then
applied at the State level to the Ul-based estimates obtained above
for each of the 40 States and the District of Columbia. These
correction factors are based on the ratio of the CPS to the Ul-based
estimates for the six month period ending in the current month
(e;g. a 6-month moving average).
4. Substate adjustment for additivity. Independent estimates of
employment and unemployment are prepared both for the State
(obtained directly from the CPS in the 10 large States or by the
Ul-based method in the remaining States), and labor market areas
(LMA's) within the State. The total labor force included in the
LMA's exhaust the geographic boundaries of the State. A proportional adjustment is applied to all substate LMA estimates to ensure
that the substate estimates of employment and unemployment add
to the independent State totals. In California and New York, which
also have substate areas taken directly from the CPS, the additivity
adjustment for the remaining areas is applied to the State total
minus the direct CPS area.
5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year monthly estimates prepared by State employment security agencies using
Ul-based estimating procedures are adjusted, or benchmarked,
by BLS to the annual average CPS estimates for the 40 States
for which monthly CPS estimates are not available. This adjustment is necessary because the State-prepared estimates are
not as reliable as the CPS annual averages due to differences
in State Ul laws, the structural limitations of the Ul-based estimating
method, and errors in the Ul data.
The benchmarked estimates are produced in three stages. First,
the monthly Ul-based estimates are adjusted by the ratio of the
CPS to the Ul-based annual averages. Second, the difference
between the ratio of annual averages for two consecutive years is
wedged into the monthly estimates in order to minimize the disturbance to the original series. Finally, the second-stage estimates
are forced into agreement with CPS annual averages. In the 10
States which use CPS estimates monthly, no benchmark correction
is required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates
will equal the CPS annual averages.
Seasonal adjustment
Many economic statistics reflect a regularly recurring seasonal
movement which can be estimated on the basis of past experience.
By eliminating that part of the change which can be ascribed to
usual seasonal variation, it is possible to observe the cyclical and
other nonseasonal movements in the series. However, in evaluating
deviations from the seasonal pattern—that is, changes in a seasonally
adjusted series—it is important to note that seasonal adjustment
is merely an approximation based on past experience. Seasonally
adjusted estimates have a broader margin of possible error than the
original data on which they are based, since they are subject not
only to sampling and other errors, but in addition, are affected by
the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment
data are published regularly in Employment and Earnings.
150
The seasonal adjustment programs used for these series are an
adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving average method. They
provide for "moving" adjustment factors to take account of
changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the methods
is given in the two publications, BLS Seasonal Factor Method
(1966) and X-11 Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal
Adjustment Program, Technical Paper No. 15, Bureau of the
Census (1967).
Data for the household series are seasonally adjusted utilizing
the Census Bureau's X-11 Method. Each January, seasonal adjustment factors for unemployment and other labor force series are
revised to take into account data from the previous year. In
January 1976, in addition to the routine annual revisions, the
Bureau introduced a modification in the procedure for seasonally
adjusting teenage unemployment and those few other unemployment series (e.g., unemployed new entrants) of which teenagers
are the exclusive or major part. In January 1978, modifications were
introduced in the procedure for seasonally adjusting teenage
nonagricultural employment, a number of other teenage employment series, and adult male unemployment.
All civilian labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as
well as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For example, for each of the three major labor force componentsagricultural employment, nonagricultural employment and
unemployment—data for four sex-age groups (males and females
under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal
variation and are then added to derive seasonally adjusted total
figures. In order to provide seasonally adjusted total employment
and civilian labor force estimates, the appropriate series are
aggregated. The unemployment rate for all civilian workers is
derived by dividing the estimate for total unemployment (the
sum of 4 seasonally adjusted sex-age components) by the civilian
labor force (the sum of 12 seasonally adjusted sex-age components).
Revised seasonally adjusted series for major components of the
labor force based on data through December 1977, new seasonal
factors for the 12 major components of the civilian labor force,
and a description of the seasonal adjustment methodology are
published in the February 1978 Employment and Earnings. Many
additional series, which are either components or aggregates of the
series presented, are available from the BLS upon request.
1
For establishment data, seasonally adjusted series for all employees, women employees, production workers, hours, and earnihgs, are computed using the BLS Seasonal Factor Method. Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component
levels. Seasonally adjusted totals for most of these series are then
obtained by taking a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted
data for the component series. Seasonally adjusted average weekly
earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly
earnings and seasonally adjusted weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted, by the seasonally
adjusted revised Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners
and Clerical Workers (revised CPI-W), and multiplying by 100.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by multiplying average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1967 base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, trade, manufacturing, and durable and
nondurable goods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly
hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries
and dividing by the 1967 base.
The seasonally adjusted establishment data for Federal Government are based on a series which excludes the Christmas temporary
help employed by the Postal Service in December. The employment of these workers constitutes the only significant seasonal
change in Federal Government employment during the winter
months. Furthermore, the volume of such employment may change
substantially from year to year because of administrative decisions
by the Postal Service. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude
this group from the data upon which the seasonlly adjusted series is
based.
For labor turnover rates, seasonal adjustment factors are applied
directly to the component series. These series are then aggregated to
obtain total levels (total accessions and total separations). These
factors are derived by the Census X-11 Method using the trading day
option. As a result, these series are adjusted for the number of times
each day of the week occurs in a given month, as well as for the
month of the year.
The revised seasonally adjusted series for the establishment data
reflect experience through May 1978. Seasonal factors to be used
for current adjustment appear in the October 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Additional information concerning the preparation of the labor force, employment, hours,
earnings, and labor turnover series—concepts and scope, survey methods, and limitationsis contained in the Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 1910.
151
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Rfc G i O N i BOSTON
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Bldg,
Government Center
Room 1 603 A
Boston, Mass. 02203
REGION V CHICAGO
230 S Dearborn Street
Chicago, ! I! 60604
REG! O N : I NEW Y O R K
1 -31 * Broadway Suite 3400
o
New York, N Y. 1 0036
REGION VI D A L L A S
555 G n t t i n Su.. 2nd Fl
Dallas, Tex. 7 5202
REGION III P H I L A D E L P H I A
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309 (Zip 19101)
Philadelphia Pa.
K A N S A S CITY
REGIONS V i ! & V
91 1 Walnut Street
Kansas City, Mo 64106
R E G I O N IV A T L A N T A
1371 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Ga 30309
REGIONS IX & X SAN F R A N C I S C O
450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif 94102
COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES
State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program (LAUS). Current Employment Statistics Program (CES), and
Labor Turnover Statistics Program (LTS)
[5 1. O
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WYOMING
Department of Industrial Relations, industrial Relations Bunding, M o n t g o m e r y 3 6 1 3 0
• E m p l o y m e n t S e c u r i t y D i v i s i o n . D e p a r t m e n t of L a b o r p o Bo> 3 7 0 0 0 J u n e a u 9 9 8 0 2
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M a n a g e m e n t Services, D e p a r t m e n t o f L a o o r a n d E m p l o y m e n t , 1 2 1 0 S h e r m a n S t r e e t ,
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D e p a r t m e n t of C o m m e r c e , C a l d w e l i B u i l d i n g , Tallahassee 3 2 3 0 4
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D . v i s i o n o f Research a n d S t a t i s t i c s , N . Y . S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t of L a b o r , S t a t e C a m p u s - B u i l d i n g 1 2 , A l b a n y 1 2 2 0 1
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E m p l o y m e n t S e c u r i t y B u r e a u , P.O. B o x 1 5 3 7 , B i s m a r c k 5 8 5 0 5
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E m p l o y m e n t S e c u r i t y C o m m i s s i o n . 3 0 1 W i l l Rogers M e m o r i a l O f f i c e B u i l d i n g , O k l a h o m a C i t y 7 3 1 0 5
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