Full text of Employment and Earnings : December 1956
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Employment
Earnings
and
DECEMBER 1956
Vol. 3 No. 6
DIVISION OF M A N P O W E R A N D E M P L O Y M E N T STATISTICS
S e y m o u r L. Wolfbein, Chief
CONTENTS
pd g *
Long-Term Trends in Quit R a t e s ...................... .
ill
Empl o y m e n t Trends
x
Summary................. ................................
Table Is Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by
industry division and selected groups.............
xi
Table 2: Production workers in manufacturing, by major
industry group..................................
xii
Table 3 : Hours and gross earnings of production workers in
manufacturing, by major industry group...... ..... xiii
Table 4: Gross average weekly hours and average overtime hours
of production workers in manufacturing, by major
industry group..................................
xiv
Table 5: Index of employees in nonagricultural establishments,
by industry division.............................
xv
Table 6: Index of production workers in manufacturing, by
major industry group.............................
xv
Table 7 : Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by
industry division, seasonally adjusted............
xvi
Table 8: Production workers in manufacturing, by major
industry group, seasonally adjusted........ ......
xvi
labor turnover rates as
AN ECONOMIC INDICATOR...
Some of the implications behind
changes in labor turnover rates
are discussed in an article be
ginning on page lii.
[Note: Seasonally adjusted data appear in Italics.|
DETAILED STATISTICS
A - E m p l o y m e n t and Payrolls
Table A-l: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by
industry division..............................
Table A-2: All employees and production workers in nonagri
cultural establishments, by industry........... .
Table A-3: Indexes of production-worker employment and weekly
payrolls in manufacturing......................
Table A-4: Employees in Government and private shipyards,
by region.....................................
Table A-5t Government civilian enç>loyment and Federal military
personnel.....................................
Table A-6: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by
Industry division and State....................
Table A-7: Employees in nonagricultural establishments for
selected areas, by Industry division............
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1
2
7
S
9
10
13
B-Labor Turnover
Table B-l: Monthly labor turnover rates in manufacturing, by
class of turnover..............................
Table B-2: Monthly labor turnover rates In selected industries
I
Continued next page
23
24
Employment
Earnings
and
C O N T E N T S - Continued
Page
C-Hours and Earnings
Table C-l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or
nonsupervisory employees.......................
Table C-2: Gross average weekly earnings of production workers
in selected industries, in current and 194-7-49
dollars*....................... ..............
Table C-3: Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable,
of production workers in manufacturing, in current
and 1947-49 dollars............................
Table C-4: Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding
overtime, and average weekly hours of production
workers in manufacturing.......................
Table C-5: Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial
and construction activity......................
Table C-6: Hours and gross earnings of production workers
in manufacturing industries for selected States
and areas.....................................
28
37
37
38
39
41
[Note: October 1956 data are preliminary, j
E X P L A N A T O R Y NOTES
INTRODUCTION.............................................
ESTABLISHMENT REPORTS:
Collection............................................
Industrial Classification..............................
Coverage..............................................
DEFINITIONS AND ESTIMATING MSTHODS :
Employment........................................ .
Labor Turnover.........................................
Hours and Earnings.....................................
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS............................
SUMMLRY CF MSTHODS FOR COMPUTING NATIONAL STATISTICS........
GLOSSARY.................................................
1-E
1-E
1-E
1-E
2-E
3-E
4-E
5-E
6-E
7-E
***##*-**«*
REGIONAL OFFICES AND COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES.... Inside back cover
**#*######
The national employment figures shown
in this report have been adjusted to
first quarter 1955 benchmark levels.
L O N G -T E R M
Ew an
TRENDS
IN
Q U IT
RATES
C la g u e *
Labor turnover statistics on a national
scale were initiated by the Metropolitan Life
Insurance Co. in the middle 1920's. In 1928,
Dr. William A. Berridge, economist for the
company, persuaded the U. S. Department of
Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics to take
over the series. Since that time, the Bureau
has continued to publish these data for manu
facturing industries. In the meantime, the
State employment security agencies found it
necessary to collect labor turnover informa
tion for local purposes, with the result that
a widespread system of area collection has
developed. At the present time, the U. S.
Department of Labor is coordinating these two
into a comprehensive Federal-State system of
labor turnover statistics with the coopera
tion of the Bureau of Labor Statistics and
the Bureau of Employment Security. As a re
sult, in a few years, comparable labor turn
over statistics will be available for the
Nation as a whole,for many individual States,
and for perhaps 100 local areas.
possible to provide answers to a number of
questions which are as yet unsettled.
One of the most obvious characteristics of
labor turnover is the scissorslike movement
of layoffs and voluntary quits. In bad times,
the employer takes the initiative in s e p a
rating employees from the payroll in response
to declining business. The quit rate at such
times is low, although it is never wholly
absent.
In good times, on the other hand,
the worker exercises his own initiative and
leaves one job in order to seek a better one.
Thus, in prosperity the quit rate may run 2
to 3 times as high as the layoff rate, al
though the latter is never nonexistent— even
in good times some employers have to lay off
workers.
S i n c e the quit r a t e r e f l e c t s w o r k e r
initiative and worker judgment of the labor
market, it is perhaps the most interesting
item in the labor turnover series. The long
term unadjusted quit rate beginning in 1930
and running through 1955 is shown in chart I.
Two points stand out in the chart: One is
that the rate fluctuates sharply from month
to month, and the other is that it also swings
widely in response to conditions in the labor
market.
This developing interest in labor turnover
statistics has stimulated additional study
and analysis of the data themselves. It has
long been kno wn that labor turnover dat a
constituted a sensitive index of labor market
conditions. However, there has been a dearth
of detailed analysis of such data. This ar
ticle represents an intent to explore some
of the unknown phases of labor turnover. As
more data become available, it may become
A seasonal index can be constructed from
the data over the past quarter century. Such
an index will show that there are powerful
* Commissioner of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
iii
Chart I.
M ONTHLY
IN
LABOR
R A T E P E R 100 E M P L O Y E E S
UNITED STATES D E P A R T M E N T OF LA B O R
BUREAU OF LABOR 8TATISTIC8
RATES
M A N U F A C T U R IN G
JANUARY
R A T E P E R 100 E M P L O Y E E S
TURNOVER
1930-OCTOBER
1955
Chart II
SEASO N AL
IN
PERCENT
ADJUSTM ENT
M A N U F A C T U R IN G
F O R Q U IT
I N D U S T R I E S , 1 9 3 3 -5 5
( A v e r a g e for Y e a r =100 )
UNITED ST A T E S D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R
BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS
FACTORS
RATES
seasonal and institutional factors working on
the quit rate. Three seasonal indexes are
shown in chart II: One for the depression
period of the 1930’
s; one for the war period;
and one for the postwar p e r i o d up through
1955. The interesting point is the striking
similarity of these three indexes. There is
a dip in February (short month), a peak in
Septe m b e r (students r e t u r n i n g to school),
and a low point in December (Christmas). These
indexes show that it is possible to make a
reasonable seasonal correction of the quit
Chart m .
T H E Q U IT
RATE
QUIT
SEASONALLY
A S
RATE
A N
E C O N O M IC
IN D IC A T O R
IN M A N U F A C T U R I N G
ADJUSTED,
J A N U A R Y
1933-OCTOBER
1955
Quit Rate
Per 100 Employees
Shaded areas represent business cycle contractions) unshaded areas,
expansions. This isaccording to NBER chronology. July 1953 peak
designated as tentative by NBER and 1954 trough estimated by
BLS tobe m September. P represents peak and T represents trough.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
bureau OF LABOR STATISTICS
vi
rate, and thus produce an adjusted quit rate
over the last quarter century.
The seasonally ad j u s t e d rates over the
period 1933-55 are shown in chart III. Shaded
on the charts are the time periods of major
contractions in business conditions— 1937-38,
1949, and 1953-54. The shaded areas are based
on the findings of the National B u r e a u of
Economic Research from the month of the peak
to the month of the trough. The first point
which is clear from this chart is the high
s e n s i t i v i t y of t h e quit rate.
It fal l s
rapidly as business declines, and it jumps
sharply when business recovery gets under way.
The second point concerns the f o recast ing
value of the quit rate. There is a mild in
dication, especially in 1953, of a leveling
off and even a decline prior to the business
downturn.
This is not quite as clear in
previo us downturns.
When p l o t t e d against
employment only, which may lag a month or so
after the business peak, the quit rate may
have somewhat greater forecasting value. On
t^e recovery, the figures are inconclusive,
but at least there is a leveling off of the
quit rate by the time the bottom of the re
cession is reached.
A third point, perhaps of more fundamental
importance, is the long-term trend of the quit
rate.
The peaks of the war are not s u r
prising. With all the dislocations of mili
tary service and the pressures to find jobs
in war industries, high turnover is unavoidab.'e (and some of it highly desirable). But
the interesting point is that the peak em
ployment of the postwar years shows quit rates
drifting downward toward the levels of the
d e pr ession rates of the 1 9 3 0 ’s.
In other
words, the full employment years of the post
war period have not produced the high quit
rates of the war. This trend— and the sensi
tivity of the quit ra"e to changing economic
conditi ons— are further analyzed in charts
IV-A and IV-B, showing the c o r r e l a t i o n of
the quit rate and the level of unemployment.
T h e first of these t w o c h a r t s ( b a s e d on
annual averages) shows the quit rate reached
what is apparently the rockbottom level in
the early 1930’
s and remained at this level
until the recovery from the busi ness c o n
traction of 1937-38 began. As unemployment
declined in 1939 and the early war years,
the quit rate rose sharply. What is especially
interesting is the behavior of the quit rate
in 1946-48. Although unemployment remained
practic ally u n c h ange d d u rin g these years,
the quit rate dropped steadily.
It is not
until 1949 that we see once again the corre
lation of quits and un employment— and here
we see that the correlation line, which a p
parently has the same slope as the line for
the period 1930-45, is at a much lower level.
This chart and chart IV-B (which prese n t s
data for the postwar period, quarterly aver
ages seasonally adjusted), certainly point
to a long-term decline in the quit rate.
These data raise the fundamental question
as to why this trend is taking place. P ossi
bly there is a growing immobility of labor,
which would in turn pose the question as to
what factors are producing this immobility.
The answers to these questions can only
be obtained by detailed analysis of the data
themselves. The Bureau of Labor Statistics
is now a t t e m p t i n g to make some o f t h e s e
analyses.
O t h e r s t u d e n t s of the p r o b l e m
will undoubtedly tackle these same questions.
For our purposes here, I can only indicate
the types of factors which may have a b e a r
ing on this downward trend.
1. The growth of trade unionism in manu
facturing and the union emphasis on seniority
is undoubtedly a factor which has some weight.
A worker with seniority has a greater stake
in his job, and would go to the bottom of a
seniority list in a new job; moreover he is
sure of his job and need not quit in antici
pation of future layoff.
2. In the postwar period, there has been
a tremendous growth of pension, health, and
welfare plans in private industry. T h e s e
certainly have some influence on keeping the
worker in his own firm.
3. The new su pplementa ry u nemployme nt
benefits systems will operate against quits
v ii
Chart IST.
Q U IT
RATE
A N D
IN
M A N U F A C T U R IN G
UNEM PLOYM ENT
RATE
Quit Rate
Per 100 Employees
6.0
A N N U A L A V E R A G E S , 1930-55
1945
5.0
1946
1^2
4.0
1947
1948
,1951
3.0
1941
1950
1955 ®
•
'g*
1954
2.0
1930
1937
1936
IMO !9j
1.0
«
6
8
10
12
14
16
V
1935
1938
18
1934
20
1^2
22
24
26
U n e m p l o y m e n t as a Percent of the Labor Force
Quit Rate
Per 100 E mployees
4.5
®
Q U A RTERLY A V E R A G E S , SE A SO N A L L Y A DJUSTED, 1947-55
IQ47
4.0
3.5
40*47 10*40
•
3.0
•
30*47
•
2 0*48
2053
•
2.5
30*53
• ,
2051
3048
1053
1051#
4052
•
#
20-52
40*48
4050
3~<J52
3050
2.0
IQ'49
4053
3055
f
2049
2050 •
20*55
1.5
•
IQ'55
•
1054
•
4054
1.0
t
3049
10*50 •
4049
2Q 54
305 4
.5
.5
1.0
1.5
2jO
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
45
U n e m p l o y m e n t as a Percent of the Labor Force
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAUOFLABORSTATISTICS
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
and in favor o f layoffs as a m e t h o d of s ep a
ration.
Again, the w o rker will not quit in
a n ti c ipation of future layoff, if by so do i n g
he loses his unemployment benefits.
c o n c e n t r a t e d a m o n g the y o u n g e r workers.
O l d e r men t e n d to stay on the job, not only
for e m p l o y m e n t reasons, but a ls o for social
rea s on s , s u c h as h o m e o w n e r s h i p , a t t a c h m e n t
to the community, etc.
P e r h a p s the d e c line
in the quit r a t e r e p r e s e n t s to some e x t e n t
th e i n c r e a s i n g p r o p o r t i o n of o l d e r w o r k e r s
in the labor force and a decline in the n u m
ber o f new entrants.
A s a m a t t e r o f fact, the u n e m p l o y m e n t
c o m p e n s a t i o n s y s t e m as a w h o l e may op e r a t e
in t h i s d i r e c t i o n .
If a w o r k e r w h o q u i t s
w ithout c ause is not e l i g i b l e for u n e m p l o y
ment insurance, he may t h ink more c a refully
before l e a v i n g a job to look for another.
O f f s e t t i n g this, of course, is the experience
r a t i n g system, w h i c h leads e m p l o y e r s to e n
co u ra g e q u its in pr e f e r e n c e to layoffs as a
m e th o d of r educing their wor k forces.
Women, too, are a s i g n i f i c a n t f a c t o r in
t h es e f igures.
T h e quit rate for w o m e n is
i n f l u e n c e d by fam i l y a n d home c o n d i t i o n s
w h i c h m i g h t not be a s s o c i a t e d w i t h the job
at all.
4. T h e industry c o m p o s i t i o n o f m a n u f a c
t u ri n g undoubtedly has some be ar i n g on these
figures.
C e r t a i n i n d u s t r i e s have a low
turnover rate; in others, it has always been
high.
However, e x a m i n a t i o n of the industry
t r e n d s s ince 1950 shows that the decline in
the a v e r a g e quit rat e for m a n u f a c t u r i n g is
not a p r o d u c t o f c h a n g i n g i n d u s t r y c o m p o
sition.
7.
An u n d e r ly i n g factor w hich may become
e v e n m o r e i m p o r t a n t in th e f u t u r e is t h e
e x te n t to w h i c h t u r n o v er is c o n c e n t r a t e d in
a highly v olatile group of workers, with the
remainder b e in g quite immobile. For example,
a quit r a t e of 3 .5 p e r c e n t a m o n t h r e p r e
s e n t s a t u r n o v e r of more tha n 40 p e r c e n t a
year. Yet p erhaps 90 percent o f the w o r k e r s
in the p lant at any one time have never quit
at all.
In o t her words, the labor force may
be divi di n g itself into two distinct g r o u p s —
t h e p e r m a n e n t a n d the t e m p o r a r y , w i t h t h e
l a t t e r a b s o r b i n g most of the em p l o y m e n t
fluctuations.
5. T h e g r o w t h of large c o r p o r a t i o n s a nd
the b u i l d i n g of larger p lants may be h a v i n g
some effect. T h e larger the operation, the
m ore o p p o r t u n i t y there will be for s h i f t i n g
of wo r ke r s wi t h i n the plant w i t h maintenance
of se n i o r i t y an d other rights. T h e smaller
b u s i n e s s h a s n ot t h i s f l e x i b i l i t y n o r the
security.
T h e s e s u g g e s t i o n s s how the large n u m b e r
of u n r e s o l v e d p r o b l e m s w h i c h exist in t h is
field and p r o v i d e some clue to the o p po r t u n
i ties for f u r t h e r r e s e a r c h w h i c h is c l e arly
needed.
Indu s t r y n eeds to know the answ e r s
to t hese questions, as d o the labor unions.
A n d government itself, in co n s i dering economic
policy, will nee d t o take account of the in
f l u e n c e s w h i c h are o p e r a t i n g in t h e lab o r
market, either for m obility or for stability.
6 . Finally, there is need for an e v a l u a
tion of the influence of the personal factors,
s u c h as a g e a n d sex.
Many stu d i e s have
s hown the ef f e c t of age on mobility.
A re
c ent s t u d y of s k i l l e d w o r k e r s m a d e by m e m
b e r s of the s taff of t he B L S s h ows that m o
bi l it y , e v e n in a h i g h l y s k i l l e d craft, is
411061 0 -56 -2
ix
Employment Trends
HOURS O F W O RK D E C L IN E S E A S O N A L L Y T O 40. 6
N O N F A R M E M P L O Y M E N T C O N T IN U E S A T
R E C O R D L E V E L IN N O V E M B E R 1956
The fa c t o r y w o r k w e e k edged dow nw ard b y oneten th of an hour in N o v e m b e r to an a v e r a g e o f 40. 6.
T h is r e la t iv e s t a b ilit y fo r m a n u fa ctu rin g a s a w hole
r e s u lte d fr o m s h a r p ly d iv e r s e m o v e m e n ts am ong in
d iv id u a l in d u s tr ie s . In g e n e r a l, in d u s tr ie s w h ich
show ed g r e a t e r than s e a s o n a l em p lo y m e n t d e c lin e s
a ls o show ed re d u ctio n s in the h o u rs o f w o rk .
N o n fa rm e m p lo y m e n t con tin ued a t a r e c o r d le v e l
of 52. 4 m illio n in N o v e m b e r 1956, w ith a lm o s t 1. 2
m illio n m o re w o r k e r s on e sta b lis h m e n t p a y r o lls than
in the sa m e m onth l a s t y e a r . A v e r a g e h o u r ly and
w e e k ly e a r n in g s o f f a c t o r y p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s se t
new h ig h s a g a in in N o v e m b e r , w ith p a y a t $2. 03 p e r
hour and $82. 42 p e r w e e k .
The m ounting of la r g e s c a le auto p ro d u ctio n b y
a ll m a jo r p r o d u c e r s a cco u n te d fo r the sh a rp in c r e a s e
o f 1 .4 h o u rs in the tr a n s p o rta tio n equ ipm en t in d u s try ,
m o s t of it o v e r tim e w o r k a t p re m iu m p ay . A ga in w a s
a ls o r e g is t e r e d b y the p r im a r y m e ta ls in d u s try , p a r
t ic u la r ly in b la s t fu r n a c e s and iro n fo u n d rie s . The
in c r e a s e in h o u rs of w o r k in the p e tro le u m p ro d u c ts
in d u s try r e f le c t e d step p ed -u p r e f in e r y a c t iv it ie s .
E m p lo y m e n t r o s e s h a r p ly in auto p la n ts , a c c o m
p an ied b y s m a lle r pickup« in auto s u p p lie r in d u s tr ie s .
T ra d e e m p lo y m e n t show ed a stro n g p r e - C h r is t m a s
in c r e a s e . A lth o u g h n o n farm em p lo y m e n t w a s a t r e c
o rd l e v e l s , e m p lo y m e n t w a s f a llin g o ff in som e in d u s
t r i e s , n o ta b ly lu m b e r , w h e re the s h a r p e s t cu tb a ck
w a s r e g is t e r e d , and in f u r n it u r e , t e x t ile s , a p p a r e l,
a n d -- b e c a u s e o f a la b o r d is p u t e - - r u b b e r p ro d u c ts .
S ig n ific a n t d e c lin e s w e r e re p o rte d b y the fu r n i
t u r e , food p r o d u c ts , and a p p a r e l in d u s tr ie s . T h e re
w a s a d rop in h o u rs in the f a b r ic a te d m e ta ls in d u s try ,
a lth ou gh e m p lo y m e n t p ick e d up in that in d u stry .
M A N U F A C T U R IN G E M P L O Y M E N T D E C L IN E S ;
SH A R P G AIN IN A U T O IN D U ST R Y
F a c t o r y e m p lo y m e n t d rop p ed b y 95, 000 o v e r the
m onth to a l e v e l o f 17. 1 m illio n , w ith g r e a t e r than
s e a s o n a l d e c lin e s in s e v e r a l in d u s tr ie s o ffs e ttin g a
stro n g g a in in auto e m p lo y m e n t. In ad d itio n , jo b in
c r e a s e s in the tra n s p o rta tio n equ ipm en t in d u s try w e r e
re p o rte d b y a i r c r a f t p la n ts and sh ip bu ild in g y a r d s .
P la n ts p ro d u cin g a u to m o b ile co m p o n en ts in the f a b r i
ca te d m e ta ls and e le c t r i c a l m a c h in e r y in d u s trie s a ls o
re p o rte d b e tt e r than u s u a l in c r e a s e s . E m p lo ym en t
in fa r m equ ipm en t p la n ts tu rn ed up w ard a fte r m an y
m onths o f jo b c o n tr a c tio n .
T he N o v e m b e r w o r k w e e k w a s 0. 6 h o u rs un der the
le v e l o f a y e a r a g o , but w a s a b o v e the p o stw a r a v e r
a g e fo r the m onth. A l l m a jo r in d u s try g ro u p s e x ce p t
o rd n a n ce , tr a n s p o rta tio n e qu ip m en t, to b a c c o , and
p e tr o le u m p ro d u c ts show ed d e c lin e s in a v e r a g e w e e k
l y h o u rs o f w o r k o v e r the y e a r .
F A C T O R Y E A R N IN G S A G A IN S E T R E C O R D
F a c t o r y e a r n in g s r e a c h e d r e c o r d h ighs a g a in in
N o v e m b e r, w e e k ly e a rn in g s r is in g b y 21 ce n ts fro m
the O cto b e r high to a le v e l of $ 8 2 .4 2 . H o u rly e a r n
in gs r o s e b y 1 ce n t o v e r the m onth to $2. 03.
In the n o n d u ra b le-go o d s s e c t o r , the te x tile in dus
t r y re p o r te d a c o n tr a s e a s o n a l em p lo y m e n t d ro p , co n
tinuing a d e c lin e w h ich h as c h a r a c t e r iz e d the in d u s try
th is y e a r . A d e c lin e in ru b b e r w a s a ttr ib u ta b le to a
la b o r d isp u te a t p la n ts o f one la r g e p ro d u c e r.
M a in ly b e c a u s e o f lo n g e r w o r k w e e k s in N o v e m b e r,
l a r g e g a in s w e r e r e g is t e r e d in the w e e k ly e a rn in g s of
w o r k e r s in the tra n s p o rta tio n equ ipm en t in d u stry
( $ 4 .6 3 ), p e tro le u m p ro d u c ts ($ 3. 05), o rd n an ce ($ 1. 30),
and p r im a r y m e ta ls ($ 1 . 13). B e c a u s e of s h o r te r w o r k
w e e k s , s u b s ta n tia l d e c lin e s w e r e re p o rte d in lu m b e r
($ 3 . 38), fu r n itu r e ($ 2 . 4 1), fa b r ic a t e d m e ta ls ( $ 1 . 69),
a p p a r e l ( $ 1 . 69), and p rin tin g ( $ 1 . 12).
A f t e r s e v e r a l m on th s o f edgin g d ow nw ard, em
p lo y m e n t in p e tro le u m re fin in g le v e le d o ff, r e fle c tin g
in p a r t in c r e a s e d dem an d fr o m E u ro p e a n c o u n trie s .
In p rin tin g and p u b lis h in g , jo b le v e ls r o s e som ew h at
m o re than s e a s o n a lly fr o m an e m p lo y m en t le v e l a l
re a d y a t an a l l tim e p ea k .
T he a v e r a g e f a c t o r y w o r k e r e a rn e d $2. 90 m o re
p e r w e e k th is N o v e m b e r than a y e a r a g o .
E very
m a jo r in d u s try g ro u p , e x c e p t ru b b e r and f u r n it u r e - w h e r e h o u rs o f w o r k w e r e c o n s id e r a b ly lo n g e r la s t
y e a r - - s h o w e d h ig h e r e a r n in g s th is N o v e m b e r than
l a s t . The l a r g e s t g a in s in w e e k ly e a r n in g s o v e r the
y e a r w e r e re p o r te d b y o rd n a n ce ($ 9. 97), p e tro le u m
p ro d u c ts ($ 9 . 35), and tra n s p o rta tio n equ ipm en t
( $ 6. 38).
N O N M A N U F A C T U R IN G IN D U ST R IE S SHOW
SEASO N AL STREN G TH
T he dip in m a n u fa ctu rin g e m p lo y m e n t w as o ffs e t
b y a n et s e a s o n a l in c r e a s e in n o n m an u factu rin g in dus
t r i e s . The n u m b er o f jo b s in tr a d e , a t 11. 5 m illio n ,
pushed c lo s e to a llt im e r e c o r d l e v e ls in N o v e m b e r,a s
p r e - C h r is t m a s a c t iv it y step p ed up s h a rp ly . C o n tra c t
c o n s tr u c tio n show ed the u s u a l jo b d e c lin e th is m onth.
2
Table 1. Employees in nonagricultural establishments,
by i n d u s t r y division and selected groups
(In thousands)
Year
ago
Current
Oct. 1956
Sept.
1/
1/
1956
52,108
52,*21
52,261
Hot. 1956
809
N o n m e t a l lie m i ning
a n d q u a r r y i n g ...........
112.1
233.9
II2.7
810
111.*
232.I
11*.5
818
112 .1
231.2
115.5
Ho t .
1955
51,262
783
IO5.2
220.8
108.8
Horember 1956
net
change
from:
Year
ago
Previous
month
-
3
+1,156
-
1
+
+
-
.7
1.8
1.8
+
+
+
+
26
6.9
13.1
3.9
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION....................
3,186
3,298
3 ,3*0
2,921
-112
+
265
MANUFACTURING............................
17,127
17,222
17,121
17,052
- 95
+
75
+
151
DURABLE
G O O D S ..................................................................
O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r i e s ......................
L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c t s (e x c e p t
f u r n i t u r e ) .........................................
S t o n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s .............
P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s .......................
Fabricated metal products (except
ordnance, machinery, and t r ansportation
e q u i p m e n t ) .........................................
M a c h i n e r y ( e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) ................
I n s t r u m e n t s a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s ...........
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries...
Apparel
and other
Printing,
finished
publishing,
and
textile
130.9
9,788
131.6
9,86*
133.*
733.2
382.6
578.8
1,350.0
751.9
382.0
572.*
1 ,3*2.3
753.7
38*.5
1,1*9.0
1,730.1
1,262.9
1,871.9
3*8.5
5 11 .*
1,1*1.8
1,725.6
1,258.3
1,792.7
3*6.0
1 ,11*.7
1 ,722.8
1 ,235.7
1 ,679.5
3* 3.7
511.7
1,152.1
1 ,6*6.7
1 ,167 .*
1,880.3
329.I
7,112
1 ,586.8
108.3
1,0*0.0
7,262
1,688.3
121.0
1,0*2.1
7,333
7,188
1 ,58*.*
1,209.0
575-2
1,22*.9
575.2
871.5
868.7
839.2
255.6
279-9
367.5
10,015
130.7
703.7
377.2
575-2
l,35**6
Leather
of petroleum
and
and
519.7
c o a l ..............
l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s .................
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES..........
25*.6
262.8
368.1
C O M M U N I C A T I O N ........................................
807
...........................
597
*,17*
2,767
811
596
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE................
11, *98
11,288
T R A N S P O R T A T I O N ......................................
OTHER
P U B L IC
U T IL IT IE S
l,78*.l
121.6
1,039-3
569.0
1,336.9
510.6
+
55
.2
-
2.7
-
50.0
+
29.5
5A
3.6
k.6
+
+
+
+
7.2
*.5
+
+
k.6
+ 79.2
+ 2.5
- 8.3
+
+
+
.
-150
7.3
6.2
17.7
3.1
83.*
95.5
e.k
19 .k
.8
76
2.k
k.9
+
-
1,091.6
-IOI.5
- 12.7
- 2.1
-
51.6
1,211.0
576.O
1 ,251.6
-
I5.9
0
+
*2.6
9.3
86O .6
8*7.1
82*. 2
252.2
+
+
+
+
+
-
2k.k
286.9
2.8
3.7
1.0
17.1
.6
-
2.9
113.2
565.9
allied
835-5
Products
9,960
*,162
2,758
3,0*6
3,023
8 ,*52
8,265
1,598.0
1 ,622.2
796.0
1,*7*.0
1 ,602.6
838.6
257.6
275.5
368.5
*,179
371.0
2,760
816
603
*,139
2,776
778
585
1 1 ,16*
11,213
2,9*6
-
11.3
2.k
2k.l
12
9
k
+
+
1
+
23
18
29
12
+210
+
285
+ 23
+I87
+12^.0
+ 19.6
+ 9 .k
+ 17.6
+ I7.2
+
+
+
+
+
-
+
100
185
3.2
83.6
- 25.5
+
3.3
+ 121.0
618.6
786.6
601.0
3,817.5
3,800.3
3,003
8,l6l
l,*2l».l
1,578.9
788.8
58O.*
3,788.*
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE.............
2,308
2,308
2,321
2,238
0
SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS...............................
6,003
6,0**
6,105
5,883
- in
+ 120
GOVERNMENT........................... ..............................
7,325
2,209
7,277
2,202
5,075
7,213
2,196
5,017
7,033
+ h8
+ 7
+
+
WHOLESALE
R E T A IL
Other
STATE
T R A D E ............................................................
T R A D E ....................................................................
retail
AND
t r a d e ...............................
LOCAL
...............................................
5,116
8,267
1,59*.8
1,538.6
821.5
615.3
3,696.5
2,168
*,865
+
kl
+
70
292
*1
25I
1/ Prelim i n a r y .
XI
Table 2. Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group
(In t h o u s a n d s )
Year
ago
Current
Major
industry
group
*3Y. 1956
Oot. 1956
1/
1/
Sept.
1956
Bor.
1955
■orator 1956
net
change
from:
Year
ago
Previous
month
13,338
13,**8
13,335
13 ,*«7
-110
-1*9
DURABLE GOODS............................
7,795
7,758
7,583
7,829
+ 37
- 3*
Lumber
and wood products
81.6
88.7
63V. 5
316.2
*81.3
1,135.2
66*. 6
321.9
*8*. 8
1,131.5
681.*
321.3
*77.8
1 ,126.2
68*. 9
327.O
*79.8
1,132.5
»6.5
1,273.3
919.I
1,385.1
239.O
>03.7
911.3
1,267.3
915.9
1,319.2
237.7
*22.6
885.*
1 ,262.3
891.*
1 ,205.0
235.*
*1*.9
931.9
1,225.3
865.6
1,**5.7
229.7
*18 .1
+
+
+
+
+
-
5,5*3
5,690
5,752
5,658
-1*7
-115
l,l&.7
1 ,312.0
112.7
9^8.8
1,138.5
10*. 3
998.*
•
£1
1 ,222.1
III.7
952.*
-100.*
12.6
2.6
-
- 16.8
- 5.2
- 1*8.6
1 ,078.2
*69.8
1,092.1
*70.2
1,079.2
*69.7
1,119.9
*66.3
563.8
55«>
173.8
207.6
328.8
561.8
555-6
175.*
220.5
328.6
556.8
552.5
176.2
215.*
328.9
5*6.5
55*. 5
171.6
228.3
329.5
Fabricated metal products (except
ordnance, machinery, and tran s p o r t a t i o n
I n s t r u m e n t s a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s ...........
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries...
NONDURABLE GOODS.........................
Apparel
and other
finished textile
Printing, publishing, and allied
i n d u s t r i e s ........................................
Leather
if
and
l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s .................
Preliminary.
sii
.5
-
„ 30*1
5.7
3.5
+ 3.7
-
+
5.2
6.0
3.2
65.9
1.3
8*9
13.9
2.0
5*2
1.6
- 12.9
+
.2
-
.
81.*
1
80.9
(except
M a c h i n e r y ( e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) ................
E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y ............................
00
MANUFACTURING.............................
- 50.*
- 10.8
* 1.5
+ 2.7
+ *8.0
+ 53.5
- 60.6
*- k.k
-
+
+
+
-
*1.7
3.5
17.3
k.l
2.2
20.7
.7
Table 3. Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing,
by major industry group
Average weekly
earnings
Major
industry group
H
.
1/
o t
IS«6
Oct.
MANUFACTURING.................. ♦82.1*2
1/
Average weekly
hours
1955
Ho
t
.
H
.
1/
o t
1956
Oct.
1/
Average hourly
earnings
1955
Hov.
Hov.
1/
1956
Oct.
1/
1955
Hov.
182.21
*79-52
40.6
1*0.7
41.2
$2.03
$2.02
$1.93
DURABLE GOODS.................
89.6*
89.23
85.69
*1.5
*1.5
41.8
2.16
2.I5
2.05
O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r i e s .......
L u mber and wood products
96.70
95.fcO
86.73
42.6
i*2.l*
41.3
2.27
2.25
2.10
69.65
69.ll*
73.03
71.55
68.28
69.30
39.8
4-0.2
40.8
ki.6
40.4
42.0
1.75
I .72
1.79
I .72
I .69
I .65
81.99
99.87
81.9?
98.7**
79.0k
41.2
41.1
1*1 .1*
1*0.8
41.6
41.6
1.99
2.43
1.98
2.42
I .90
2.3I
87-3*
85.06
91.16
83.*3
10^.59
89,03
9*1.73
83.6*
99.96
98.21
41.2
41.8
41.1
43.4
M .8
42.1
1*1.2
1*2.0
41.9
42.4
41.6
42.7
2.12
2.26
2.03
2.41
2.I3
2.25
2.03
2.38
2.03
2.15
I.9I
2 .3O
83.61*
8*.05
80.51
40.8
1*1.0
41.5
2.05
2.O5
I .94
71.69
72.22
69 .k6
40.5
1*0.8
41.1
1.77
1.77
I .69
72.71
72.83
70.12
39.3
39.8
40.3
I .85
1.83
I .74
76.19
55.15
60.15
76.22
5^.25
59.60
7 k .70
40.1
38.3
tó.i
1*1.2
39.6
1*0.0
41.5
38.2
41.2
1.90
1.44
I .50
I .85
1.37
I .49
1.80
1.33
1.42
52.33
85-17
5**.02
85.1*
50.32
81.35
35.6
te .8
36.5
1*3.0
37.0
43.5
1.47
1.99
1.48
1.98
I .36
I .87
9k. 92
87 .71
96 .0k
87.3*
92.28
85.07
38.9
*1.3
39.2
1*1.2
39.1
41.7
2.44
2.13
2.45
2.12
2.36
2.04
IO8.16
89.28
56.00
105.11
90.17
55.9*
98.81
92.01
5^-58
41.6
i*0.l*
36.6
1*0.9
1*0.8
36.8
41.0
42.4
37.9
2.6o
2.57
2.21
I .52
2.41
2.17
1.44
F u r n i t u r e a n d f i x t u r e s ..........
Stone, clay, and glass
p r o d u c t s ............................
P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s .......
Fabricated metal products
(except ordnance, machinery,
and t r ansportation equip
m e n t )...............................
M achinery (except electrical).
E l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y .............
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t .......
Instruments and related
p r o d u c t s ............................
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS..............
Food
a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s ......
T e x t i l e - m i l l p r o d u c t s ...........
Apparel and other finished
Printing, publishing, and
a l l i e d i n d u s t r i e s ...............
C h e m icals and allied products.
P r o d u c t s o f p e t r o l e u m and
c o a l .................................
R u b b e r p r o d u c t s ....................
Leather and leather products..
9k.k7
96.10
79.k6
50.81
58.50
2.21
1.53
1/ P r e l i m i n a r y .
z m
Table 4. Gross average w eekly hours and average overtime hours of production
workers in manufacturing, by major industry group
November 1956 1/
M a j o r ind u s t ry group
Gross
O v ertime h o urs
average
Percent
weekly Average o f total
hours
Seiptember 1956
October 1956 l/
Gross
Gross
Overtim e hours
Overtime hours
average
Percent
Percent average
weekly Average o f total weekly Average o f total
hours
hours
MANUFACTURING..........................
1*0.6
3.0
7.4
1*0.7
3.1
7.6
1*0.7
3.1
7.6
DURABLE GOODS..............................................
1*1.5
3.4
8.2
*1.5
3.3
8.0
1*1 .1*
3.3
8.0
-
-
1*2.1*
3A
8.0
1*2.1
3.5
8.3
_
_
-
-
-
-
1*0.8
M .6
1*1 .1*
1*0.8
3.2
3.2
3.6
2.6
7.8
7.7
8.7
6.4
1*0.9
V1.3
1*1 .1
1*1.2
3.6
3.2
3.6
3.1
8.8
7.7
8.8
7.5
-
-
-
-
-
Vl.8
1*2 .1
1*1.2
1*2.0
1*1.0
3.6
'3.7
3.1
3.8
2.5
8.6
8.8
7.5
9.0
6.1
*1.7
1*2.2
1*1 .1
*1.3
1*1.0
3.5
3.8
2.9
3.4
2.5
8.4
9.0
7.1
8.2
6.1
-
-
-
1*0.8
3.1
7*6
V0.3
2.8
6.9
39.3
2.5
6.4
39.8
2.7
6.8
39.8
2.8
7.0
-
-
-
1*1.2
39.6
1*0.0
3.6
1 .1
2.7
8.7
2.8
6.8
1*2.2
1*0.9
39.3
3.9
1.3
2.4
9.2
3.2
6.1
_
_
_
-
-
-
36.5
1*3.0
1.3
4.9
3.6
11.4
36.0
1*3.0
1 .1
4.8
3.1
11.2
-
_
_
-
-
-
39-2
1*1.2
1*0.9
1*0.8
36.8
3.6
2.2
2.1
3.4
1.2
9.2
5.3
5.1
8.3
3.3
39.0
1*1 .*
*1.7
1*0.5
36.9
3.7
2.4
2.3
3.0
1 .1
9.5
5.8
5.5
7.4
3.0
-
Lumb e r and w o o d p r o d ucts (except
-
F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l pro d ucts (except
ordnance, machinery, and transpor-
Instruments and rela ted p r o d u c t s .....
M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u f a c turing
NONDURABLE 6 0 0 D 3 .........................................
Food and k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s . . . ..........
Apparel and other finished textile
Paper and allied p r o d u c t s .............
Printing, publishing, and allied
Products o f p e t r o l e u m and c o a l .......
-
-
jJ
Preliminary.
ax
-
-
Table 5. Index of employees in nonagricultural establishments,
by industry division
(1 9 4 7 - 4 9 = 1 0 0 )
Year
Current
a go
Industry division
1956
N o ve m b e r
TOTAL.................................
Transp o r t a t i o n and public
u t i l i t i e s ................................
Wholesale and retail t r a d e .............
Finance, insurance, and real estate...
1956
O c to b e r
S e p te m b e r
Novem ber
ll
1956
1955
119.8
119.8
119.5
117.2
85.3
151.4
114.7
85.4
156.7
115.4
86.3
158.T
11*. 7
82.6
138.8
114.2
102.2
122.2
133.7
122.7
129.4
102.5
120.0
133.7
123.5
128.6
102.7
118.7
13*.5
12*. 8
127.*
101.7
119.2
129.7
120.2
124.3
11
1I Preliminary.
Table 6, Index of production workers in manufacturing,
by major industry group,
(1 9 4 7 - 4 9 * 1 0 0 )
Year
ago
Current
Major industry group
Novem ber
1956
1/
1956
O c to b e r
1/
S e p te m b e r
N ovem ber
1956
1955
MANUFACTURING.........................
107.8
108.7
107.8
109.0
DURABLE GOODS........................
116.8
116.2
113.6
117.3
357.3
357.3
361.8
392.6
86.0
107.0
110.6
90.1
109.0
>2.3
108.7
109.9
109.*
110.7
110.3
110.1
Ordnance and a c c e ssories................
Lumber and wood products (except
f u r n i t u r e )...............................
Stone, clay, and glass products.......
Primary metal indu s tries................
F abricated metal products (except
ordnance, machinery, and transH a c h lnery (except e lect r i c a l ) ..........
E lectrical m a c h i n e r y....................
Instruments and related products......
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries .
NONDURABLE GOODS.....................
Tobacco m a n u f a c t u r e s ....................
Apparel and other finished textile
Paper and allied p r oducts..............
Printing, publishing, and allied *
Rubber p r o d u c t s ..........................
110.3
111.5
110.0
92.8
119.6
117.7
112.0
143.5
135.4
123.2
108.9
116.9
111.4
143.1
122.7
111.3
121.1
109.2
118.6
97.3
99.9
101.0
99.4
103.2
110.8
106.0
106.9
94.8
93.7
77.7
129.0
113.6
111.0
139.1
117.8
107.7
135.2
141.4
110.0
96.2
98.4
81.7
77.9
77.7
103.5
117.3
104.9
117.3
103.6
117.3
107.6
117.3
107.8
93.5
102.1
116.9
108.9
94.1
108.5
115.9
108.*
113.8
91.0
91.0
116.3
108.8
9*.6
105-6
92.5
111.9
91.0
91.2
1/ Preliminary.
s
S e a s o n a lly A d j u s t e d D a t a
Table 7. Employees in nonagricultural establishments,
by industry division, Seasonally adjusted
Number
(In t h o u s a n d s )
Index
(1 9 4 7 — 4 9 « 1 0 0 )
I n d ustry division
November
1956 JV
October
1956 1 /
TOTAL..................................
118.6
118.6
M i n i n g ....................................
84.9
146.3
85.4
146.4
114.0
1 02. 0
119.4
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n and public utilities..
Wh o l esale and retail t r a d e ............
Finance, insurance, and real estate..
September November
1956
1955
1 1 8 .1
116.0
November
1956 1 /
October
1956 y
September
1956
November
1955
51,886
5 1 * 86 9
5 1 , 676
50,745
814
779
3*078
17,020
810
3,082
17,027
4*151
4 * 163
2, 822
16,941
4, 128
1 1 , 232
2 , 320
6 y033
11*217
2 , 32 0
6,014
1*236
85-9
82. 2
805
134- 1
113- 5
3*078
114. 0
102.3
1 1 9. 2
1 46. 2
113.O
101.9
1 1 8. 7
134-4
134- 4
134- 5
1 23 - 3
1 28. 0
1 22. 9
127.8
122.9
128.5
101.4
116.4
1 3 0- 3
120.8
123.0
7 * 24 7
1 6, 8 6 4
4 * 149
i l , 164
2,321
6,015
7*271
i o f 953
2,249
5*913
6, 960
^ Preliminary.
Table 8. Production workers in manufacturing,
by major industry group, seasonally adjusted
Number
(In thousands)
Index
(1947-49=100 )
naj ur liiauo vrjr ^ruup
November
1956 JL/
MANUFACTURING.........................
DURABLE
G O O D S ...........................................
November
O ctober September November
1955
1956 1/
1956
107.0
1 07.2
105.7
108.2
116.1
115.7
113-4
357-3
357-3
361.8
1956 1/
y
October
1956
13*230
1 3* 2 5 6
116. 6
1*146
1*120
392. 6
81
81
September
N ovember
1956
1955
13, 080
1 * 511
13*319
l* l8 i
82
89
L umber and w o o d products (except
Stone, clay, and glass p r o d u c t s .......
P rim a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ................
F a b r i c a t e d m e tal products (except
ordnance, machinery, and transporM a c h i n e r y (except e l e c t r i c a l ) ..........
84.8
8 7.5
89.2
9 1 -5
626
646
658
615
104.3
107.0
108.0
108.0
308
316
319
3 *9
109.4
109.9
108.3
109.2
1 10.3
1 10.0
109.4
110.
116.6
1 16.3
1 13.6
118.5
113-1
113-7
113.8
108.8
141-3
135-4
122. 7
141.6
129.0
139- 1
1 1 I.8
141.4
122.2
121.
1
104.7
106. 6
96 - 3
97-2
1
416
418
411
1* 1 3 5
1» 132
1 ,, 1 2 6
908
9 06
885
923
1,2 8 6
1 ,> 2 9 4
1*231
l,»2 0 5
235
1*446
118.0
1*385
238
1*293
901
1*319
231
1 06.6
105.8
398
405
405
402
9<-7
9 8-3
5*484
5 * 53 ^
5*509
5*598
133-2
I
905
M i s c e l l a n e o u s manufacturing
NONDURABLE
G O O D S ....................................
Te x t i le-mill p r o d u c t s ...................
Apparel and o ther finished textile
Paper and a llied p r o d u c t s ..............
Printing, publishing, and allied
Ru b b e r p r o d u c t s .......... ................
%/ Preliminary.
415
33
i * i
891
853
22 9
92.8
94-5
9 4-3
9 4 -3
1,0 9 8
1 ,1 1 9
86.1
88.0
89.O
89.9
77.0
91
71-9
l8
8O .9
941
93
952
1,: l l 6
94
954
103.0
116.1
103-3
1 1 6 .1
101.6
3
4^5
1,076
1,,0 5 8
465
463
1* 1 1 4
461
116.1
115-1
115.9
107.5
9 3-5
105.1
91.0
558
541
H 5
556
550
115
551
550
114
552
113
107. 2
94 - 1
101.8
94-1
100.7
1 0 I.5
91-5
91-5
.1
115. 6
107.0
115.1
112.8
108. 2
93-0
i*o l
1*116
95
988
542
110.5
205
219
214
225
91.8
331
331
329
332
Historical
Data
Table A-l: Employees in nonagricultural establishments,
by industry division
(In t h o u s a n d s )
TOTAL
Mining
1919.1920..
1921..
1922..
1923..
1924..
1925..
1926..
1927..
1928..
26,829
27,088
2*,125
25,569
28,128
27,770
28,505
29,539
29,691
29,710
1,124
1929..
1930..
1931..
1932..
1933..
1934..
1935..
1936..
1937.•
1938..
31, 0*1
29, 1*3
26,383
23,377
23,*66
28,902
1,006
882
1939.•
19*0..
1941..
19*2 ..
1943..
1944..
19*5..
1946..
1947..
1948..
30,311
32,058
845
36,220
947
983
917
Year
Annual
and month
1956:
M a n u f acturing
Transpor
t a t i o n and
public
utilities
10, 53*
10, 53*
8,132
8,986
10,155
9,523
9,786
9,997
9,839
9,786
3,711
3,998
3, *59
3,505
3,882
3,806
3, 82*
3, 9*0
3,891
3,822
* , 66*
*,623
* , 75*
5, 08*
5, * 9*
5,626
5,810
6,033
6,165
6,137
1,050
1,110
1,097
1,079
1,123
1,163
1,166
1,235
1,295
1,360
2, 05*
2, 1*2
2,187
2,268
2,*31
2,516
2,591
2,755
2,871
2,962
2,671
2,603
2,531
2, 5*2
2,611
2,723
2,802
2, 8*8
2,917
2,996
10, 53*
9, *01
8,021
6,797
7,258
8, 3*6
8,907
9,653
10,606
3,907
3,675
3, 2*3
2, 80*
2,659
2,736
2,771
2,956
3, 11*
2, 8*0
6, *01
6, 06*
5,531
*,907
l,*31
3,127
3, 08*
3,066
3, 1*9
3, 26*
3,225
3,167
3,298
Wholesale
and retail
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Service
and
miscel
laneous
Govern
ment
average:
25,699
26,792
28,802
30,718
39,779
*2,106
*1,53*
*0,037
*1,287
*3,*62
1,230
953
920
1,203
1,092
1,080
1,021
8*8
1,012
1,185
1,229
1,321
1,**6
1,176
1,105
1,041
1,555
1,078
1,000
1,*97
1,372
1 , 21*
970
864
722
1,608
1,606
735
374
888
809
862
912
937
1,1*5
916
883
826
852
943
1,112
1,055
1,150
1 , 29*
1,790
2,170
1,567
1, 09*
1,132
1,661
1,982
2,169
9,253
10,078
10,780
12,97*
15,051
17,381
17,111
15,302
l* ,* 6l
15,290
15,321
**,**8
982
*3,315
**,738
*7,3*7
*8,303
*9,681
*8,*31
*9,950
918
889
916
885
2,165
1*,178
2,333
852
777
770
2,593
1*,967
16, 10*
16,33*
17,238
15,995
16,557
51,125
51,996
778
783
783
3,031
2,921
2,756
Jan............
Feb............
50, 28*
50, 2*6
780
777
Apr............
50, 8*8
2,588
2,588
2,669
1949..
1950..
1951..
1952..
1953..
1954..
1955••
1955*
Contract
con
struction
Nov............
51,262
50, *99
783
790
51,197
51,709
786
812
Aug............
50,896
51,881
52,261
746
817
O ct............
52,*21
411061 0 -56 -3
818
810
2,603
2, 63*
2,622
2,780
2,853
3,o*o
3,257
3,270
3,353
3,3*0
3,298
17,006
17,052
6,5*3
6, *53
1,398
1,333
1,270
1,225
1 , 2*7
1,262
1,313
1,355
1 , 3*7
2,912
3,013
3, 2*8
3, *33
3,619
3,798
3,872
*,023
*,122
* , 1*1
6,612
1,399
3, 9*9
3,977
*,166
*,185
*,221
*,009
*,056
*,121
17,027
*,139
l 6l
16, 8*2
16, 82*
16, 76*
16,769
*,083
*,083
*,106
*,121
*,999
5,552
5,692
6,076
6,9*0
7, *16
7,333
7,189
7,260
8,602
1,*28
1,619
9,196
9,519
1,672
1,7*1
9,513
9,6*5
1,765
1, 82*
7,522
10,012
10,281
10,520
2,038
2,122
10,803
2,215
10,990
11,213
11,8*9
2, 2*1
2,238
10,920
10,819
2,238
2,250
2,265
2,278
10,931
10,928
10,985
11,091
*,138
16,291
17,03*
17,121
* , 1*8
*,178
11,015
*,179
*,17*
11,288
17,222
*,181
1,892
1,967
10,527
16,715
16,809
1,*36
l,* 8o
l ,*69
1,*35
1, *09
11,0*7
11 , 16*
2,2*3
2,289
2,320
2,3*2
2,355
2,321
2,308
2,913
2,682
2, 6l*
2,78*
2,883
3,060
3,233
3,196
3,321
3, *77
3,705
3,857
3,919
3,93*
* , 0U
*,*7*
*,783
*,925
*,972
5,077
5, 26*
5, *11
5,538
5,66*
5,85*
3,*7T
3,662
3,7*9
3,876
3,995
*,208
*,660
5, *83
6,080
6,0*3
5,9**
5,595
5, *7*
5,650
5,856
6,026
6,389
6,609
6, 6*5
6,751
6,915
5,915
5,883
5,853
7,0*3
7,033
7,32*
5,803
7,033
7, 08*
5,818
5,859
5,979
6, 0*1
6,089
6,137
6,137
6,105
6, 0**
7,122
7,130
7,203
7,150
6,9*7
6,960
7,213
7,277
1
Industry Employment
Table A -2 : All em ployees and production workers in n on agricu ltu ral
establishments, b y industry
(In t h o u s a n d s )
Production workers
All employees
Industry
TOTAL.....................................................................
MINING....................................
1956
October
52,421
September
52,261
1955
October
51,125
October
1956
Seut ember
1955
October
810
818
778
111.4
17.7
112.1
36.8
35.1
17.5
105.0
35.5
31.9
15.9
94.9
31.8
29.7
15.0
95.8
32.3
29.8
14.9
89.9
31.0
27.2
13.5
ANTHRACITE......................................................
32.7
32.1
32.4
30.0
29.3
29.1
BITUMINOUS-COAL..........................................
232.1
231.2
218.8
211.7
212.0
200.9
CRUDE-PETROLEUM ANO NATURAL-GAS
PRODUCTION....................................................
319.7
327.3
312.2
-
METAL MINING..................................................
36.3
35.0
Petroleum and n a t u ral-gas pro d u c t i o n
( e x c e p t c o n t r a c t s e r v i c e s ) . . . . ........
NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING......
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION....................
N O N BU ILD IN G C O N ST R U C T IO N ......................
114.5
3,298
595
269.6
325.8
-
115.5
3,340
606
280.3
325.3
-
-
-
-
573
266.2
306.9
-
129.6
132.5
127.6
99.0
99.3
94.8
110.0
3,031
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
2,703
2,734
2,458
-
-
-
GENERAL CONTRACTORS.....................................
1,134.1
1,153.9
1,009.3
-
-
-
SPECIAL-TRADE CONTRACTORS.........................
1,568.7
35V.2
208.7
208.5
797.3
1,579.7
353.2
216.9
1,448.3
3*0.7
183.8
177.8
_
_
_
-
-
-
B U IL D IN G C O N S T R U C T IO N ..................................
Plumbing and heating.................
204.4
805.2
746.0
~
~
~
MANUFACTURING......................................
17,222
17,121
17,006
13,448
13,335
13,**0
DURABLE GOODS.....................................
NONDURABLE GOODS............................................
9,960
7,262
9,788
9,761
7,245
7,758
5,690
7,583
5,T5t
7,721
5,719
7,333
ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES...........................
130.9
131.6
134.0
81.4
81.6
88.6
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS..................
1,688.3
348.0
112.2
321.2
121.2
296.4
*3.*
87.3
1,784.1
3*3.1
1,649.1
335.7
112.0
297.4
1,223.1
273.4
72.9
286.4
85.9
175.6
1,322.0
268.9
76.7
389.7
86.9
174.0
1,200.3
264.8
73.2
263.5
37.3
72.3
25.O
69.6
122.9
95.4
125.2
96.0
111.7
30.8
112.7
31.0
32.9
32.7
M e a t p r o d u c t s ..................................
B a k e r y p r o d u c t s ...............................
S u g a r .............................................
Confec t i o n e r y and r e lated products....
B e v e r a g e s ........... ............................
M i s c e l l a n e o u s f o o d p r o d u c t s ..............
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES.........................
C i g a r s ............................................
JL
218.8
139-8
121.0
3*-2
34.6
6.8
*5-*
116.9
426.8
122.1
293.2
30.4
84.3
123.2
290.3
44.0
226.4
140.9
88.7
216.0
141.8
121.6
126.9
34.3
3*.4
7.0
*5-9
33.8
39.3
7.3
46.5
5.7
*2.3
5.9
*3.1
89.2
175.2
37.8
74.0
123.7
98.9
118 .1
30.7
37.6
6.3
*3-5
Industry Employment
Table A-2: All em ployees and production w orkers in nonagricultural
establishments, by industry - Continued
{In t h o u s a n d s )
Production workers
All employees
19!>6
Industry
TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS...................
K n i t t i n g m i l l s ....................................
D y e i n g a n d f i n i s h i n g t e x t i l e s ...............
C a r p e t s , r u g s , o t h e r f l o o r c o v e r i n g s ......
H a t s ( e x c e p t c l o t h a n d m i l l i n e r y ...........
M i s c e l l a n e o u s t e x t i l e g o o d s ..................
APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE
PRODUCTS...............................
M e n ' s a n d b o y s ' s u i t s a n d c o a t s .............
M e n ' s and boys' f u r n i s h i n g s and w o r k
c l o t h i n g ............................................
W o m e n 's, c h i l d r e n ' s u n d e r g a r m e n t s ..........
M i l l i n e r y ...........................................
C h i l d r e n ' s o u t e r w e a r ............................
M i s c ellaneous apparel and accessories....
O t h e r f a b r i c a t e d t e x t i l e p r o d u c t s ..........
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT
FURNITURE).............................
L o g g i n g c a m p s a n d c o n t r a c t o r s ...............
S a w m i l l s a n d p l a n i n g m i l l s ....................
Millwork, plywood, and p r e f a b ricated
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES...................
H o u s e h o l d f u r n i t u r e .............................
Office, p u b l i c - bui ldi ng, and pro fe s s i o n a l
Partitions,
Screens,
shelving,
blinds,
lockers,
1,224.9
122.1
1,211.0
123.1
1 ,239.0
121.5
1,092.1
109.9
1,079.2
111.0
1,108.0
109.8
312.5
358.3
130.5
19.1
72.0
13.4
63.8
133.2
311.8
354.4
128.8
18.4
70.9
12.5
63.3
127.8
318.6
361.1
127.4
20.4
72-7
13.6
64.5
139.2
287.7
317.1
U 6.3
16.8
64.1
10.2
57.5
112.5
286.6
313.3
114.4
16.2
63.6
9.7
57.1
107.3
293.8
319.9
114.4
18.0
65.6
10.4
58.1
118.0
733.2
107.7
381.7
751.9
II2.5
389.8
773-4
114.6
401.4
664.6
100.3
351.9
681.4
105.0
359.2
704.7
108.1
372.7
130.7
55.6
57.5
136.8
55.1
57.7
145.4
56.0
56.0
109.7
51.3
51.4
114.8
50.9
51.5
122.4
51.6
49.9
382.6
263.3
382.0
261.9
384.2
269.1
321.9
228.2
321.3
227.2
326.5
235.4
48.6
49.3
46.2
39-3
39.8
37.5
41.8
42.0
40.4
31.7
31.9
31.3
28.9
28.8
28.5
22.7
22.4
22.3
575.2
286.2
154.9
134.1
576.0
287.7
153.2
135.1
564.4
277.1
154.3
133.0
470.2
237.2
126.9
106.1
469.7
238.0
125.3
106.4
465.2
232.2
127.1
105.9
868.7
320.0
67.3
54.5
226.2
64.3
19.9
47.7
860.6
318.0
65.8
54.3
224.0
63.6
19.7
47.5
841.1
307.3
66.4
52.7
218.3
64.1
20.6
44.8
561.8
159.4
29.4
3*-7
183.2
48.5
14.5
38.6
556.8
158.4
28.5
34.3
181.7
48.2
14.5
38.6
542.4
153.*
28.0
32.0
177.3
48.8
15.3
36.3
68.8
67.7
66.9
53.5
52.6
51.3
and miscellaneous
P u l p , p a p e r , a n d p a p e r b o a r d s m i l l s . .......
P a p e r b o a r d c o n t a i n e r s a n d b o x e s ............
PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED
INDUSTRIES.............................
N e w s p a p e r s ..........................................
C o m m e r c i a l p r i n t i n g .............................
L i t h o g r a p h i n g ......................................
B o o k b i n d i n g a n d r e l a t e d i n d u s t r i e s ........
M i s c e l l a n e o u s p u b l i s h i n g and p r i n t i n g
October
952.4
5.6
109.9
424.8
26.0
206.6
74.0
42.6
10.0
52.9
October
1,042.1
6.1
119.1
450.7
29.6
226.4
84.7
50.8
11.5
63.2
and
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS................
1956
September
948.8
5.8
110.6
423.2
26.0
205.0
73.2
42.4
10.6
52.0
September
1,039.3
6.3
119.6
450.2
29.5
224.8
83.7
50.6
12.2
62.4
1955
October
1,084.7
6.2
128.7
466.5
30.8
231.6
89.5
53.1
12.8
65.5
1955
October
991.8
5.6
119.5
438.7
27.0
211.0
78.2
44.9
11.3
55.6
3
Industry Employment-
Table A -2: All employees and production workers in nonagricultural
establishments, by industry - Continued
(In t h o u s a n d s )
..
........ -..... .
...
1
All
Production workers
employees
1956
September
October
Industry
1955
October
October
1956
September
1955
October
839.2
110.x
316.7
96.6
838.6
111.0
318.7
96.4
822.3
106.6
311.3
91.8
555.6
75.8
214.8
5 6.6
552.5
76.6
214.5
56.7
55*. 6
75.4
216.8
54.9
*9.9
75.1
8.5
33.5
44.2
104.6
50.0
75-5
8.5
32.9
42.1
103.5
50.6
74.1
8.2
35-2
46.5
98.0
30.0
47.1
7.2
24.8
31.5
67.8
30.3
*7.1
7.2
24.1
29.7
66.3
30.9
47.1
7.0
26.3
33.0
63.2
255.6
202.7
52.9
257.6
204.4
53.2
253.2
200.4
52.8
175.*
132.8
42.6
176.2
133.1
43.1
172.8
129.9
42.9
RUBBER PRODUCTS..........................
279-9
119.2
23.6
137.1
275.5
119.6
23.8
132.1
282.0
U 9.5
23-9
138.6
220.5
91.8
19.2
109.5
215.4
91.6
19.3
104.5
223.8
92.0
19.6
112.2
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS.............
367.5
*3-9
4.6
17.1
233.*
15.5
33-9
19 .1
368.5
43.6
4.7
16.8
235.7
32.8
19A
382.3
45.4
5.1
17.1
244.8
1T.5
33-8
18.6
328.6
39.4
3-5
15.3
210.2
13.1
30.2
16.9
328.9
39.1
3.5
15.0
211.9
13.2
29.1
17.1
3*1.5
40.8
4.0
15.3
220.0
15.1
30.2
16.1
578.8
3*-7
101.4
18.7
43.6
87.2
55-2
120.7
20.6
572.4
34.3
94.1
18.3
44.0
88.4
53.9
122.6
20.7
570.8
34.2
98.0
17.9
*3-1
86.3
55.7
117.2
20.6
484.8
31.1
85.2
15.9
36.8
77.5
48.6
98.7
17.9
*77.8
30.7
77.7
15.4
37.1
78.9
47.4
99.9
18.1
481.4
30.8
83.3
15,3
36.3
77.*
49.3
96.8
18.1
96.7
96.1
97.8
73.1
72.6
7*.l
1 ,350.0
1,342.3
1,323.3
1,131.5
1,126.2
1,118.0
668.4
236.1
669.6
229.9
653.6
240.6
568.7
206.0
572.4
199.3
559.1
211.3
72.3
72.7
66.3
58.1
58.8
53.*
13.8
13.6
13.3
10.5
10.2
10.2
115.4
80.3
163.7
117.0
77.5
162.0
115.4
78.9
155.2
90.0
66.6
131.6
91.9
63.9
129.7
92.2
66.0
125.8
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS............
I n d u s t r i a l i n o r g a n i c c h e m i c a l s ..............
I n d u s t r i a l o r g a n i c c h e m i c a l s .................
D r u g s a n d m e d i c i n e s ..............................
Soap, c l e a n i n g and p o l i s h i n g
p r e p a r a t i o n s ......................................
P a i n t s , p i g m e n t s , a n d f i l l e r s ...............
G u m a n d w o o d c h e m i c a l s .........................
F e r t i l i z e r s .........................................
V e g e t a b l e a n d a n i m a l o i l s a n d f a t s ........
M i s c e l l a n e o u s c h e m i c a l s ........................
PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL...........
P e t r o l e u m r e f i n i n g ...............................
Coke, o t h e r p e t r o l e u m and c o a l p r o d u c t s . .
Leather*, t a n n e d , c u r r i e d , a n d f i n i s h e d . . .
I n d u s t r i a l l e a t h e r b e l t i n g a n d p a c k i n g . ..
B o o t a n d s h o e c u t s t o c k a n d f i n d i n g s ......
L u g g a g e ..............................................
H a n d b a g s a n d s m a l l l e a t h e r g o o d s ...........
Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods...
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS..........
Glass and glassware, p r essed or blown....
Glass products made of purchased glass...
S t r u c t u r a l c l a y p r o d u c t s .......................
P o t t e r y a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s .................
Concrete, gypsum, and pla s t e r products...
Miscellaneous
nonmetallic mineral
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES.................
Blast
furnaces,
steel works,
and rolling
Primary smelting and refining of
n o n f e r r o u s m e t a l s ...............................
Seco n d a r y smelting and refining of
n o n f e r r o u s m e t a l s ...............................
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of
N o n f e r r o u s f o u n d r i e s ............................
Miscellaneous primary metal industries...
4
Indus 1 1 y Fnip Ioyrnenî
Table A-2: All em p loye e s and production workers in n o nagricultural
establishments, by industry - Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORD
NANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION
EQUIPMENT).............................
Tin cans and other tinware..............
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware.......
Heating apparatus (except electric) and
All employees
1956
1955
October
September
October
Production workers
1956
1955
September
October
October
1,141.8
58.9
1*9.*
1,114.7
61.7
1*3.8
1,140.9
61.0
157.0
911.3
51.*
120.8
885.*
5*.*
115.3
921.9
53.5
128.7
Fabricated structural metal products......
Metal stamping, coating, and engraving...
Lighting fixtures......................
Fabricated wire products................
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products..
120.8
320.1
2*5.3
*9.1
62.1
136.1
120.8
317.8
229.9
*6.8
60.0
133.9
131.0
287.5
248.8
52.6
61.9
1*1 .1
93.0
2*1 .*
203.5
39.6
51.5
110.1
93.6
239*2
188.5
37.3
*9.*
107.7
io*.o
217.0
208.6
*3.0
51.5
115.6
MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL)............
Engines and turbines....................
Agricultural machinery and tractors.....
Construction and mining machinery.......
1 ,725.6
84.7
128.7
158.0
291.2
1,722.8
83.2
137.2
158.0
290.3
1,627.7
78.6
153.0
1*0.8
267.3
1,267.3
61.8
89.0
115.5
223.8
1 ,262.3
60.6
97.0
115.0
222.7
1 ,206.0
57.2
113.3
1.03.0
203.8
193.6
273.*
133.2
185.8
277.0
193.8
272.7
126.9
187.0
273-7
183.6
2*6.3
112.*
182.7
263.0
137.*
183.0
99.9
1*0.6
216.3
137.5
182.3
93.8
1*1.0
212.4
130.5
166.6
86.6
137.*
207.6
1,258.3
1,235.7
1 ,190.6
915.9
891.4
880.3
*29.7
53.1
24.6
73.9
32.5
591.3
53.2
426.3
53.6
24.1
70.1
32.1
575.6
53-9
396.2
50.2
23.0
81.*
29.1
557.6
53.1
307.1
*2 .1
19.5
59.6
28.5
*19.5
39.6
302.9
42.6
19.1
55.5
28.3
*03.1
39.9
279.7
*1.4
18.4
66.4
25.*
*08.6
*0.4
1,792.7
755.0
83?.*
534.6
172.0
17.6
115.2
128.6
108.2
20.4
58.8
10.9
1,679.5
657.8
829.5
529.0
169.6
17.1
113.8
125.7
105.8
19.9
55.5
11.0
1,775.8
8*6.6
7*1.*
*76.9
1 *6 .1
13.5
104.9
119.5
97.7
21.8
58.2
10 .1
1,319.2
602.3
55**7
352.8
108.7
11.7
81.5
109.3
92.1
17.2
*3.8
9.1
1 ,205.0
503.6
5**. 9
3*6.5
105.8
11.4
81.2
106.6
89.8
16.8
*0.6
9.3
1,3**.*
687.8
503.2
324.8
93.0
9.1
76.3
10 1.1
82.4
18.7
*3.7
8.6
3*6.0
3*3.7
328.2
237.7
235.*
229.5
71.0
69.4
60.2
*0.8
*0.0
36.1
86.5
13.9
85.4
1*.0
83.0
13.9
6 1.1
10.5
59.8
10.6
59.1
10.8
42.9
28.1
67.8
35.8
*3.1
28.2
67.6
36.0
*1.4
27.0
64.8
37.9
30.1
22.2
43.6
29.*
30.1
22.2
*3.3
29.*
28.7
21.*
*2.3
31.1
Special-industry machinery (except
metalworking machinery)................
General industrial machinery............
Office and store machines and devices. ...
Service-industry and household machines..
ELECTRICAL MACHINERY.....................
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial apparatus..
Electric lamps.........................
Communication equipment.................
Miscellaneous electrical products.......
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.................
Automob iles............................
Aircraft and parts......................
Aircraft engines and parts.............
Aircraft propellers and parts..........
Other aircraft parts and equipment.....
Ship and boat building and repairing....
Shipbuilding and repairing.............
Boatbuilding and repairing.............
Other transportation equipment..........
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.........
Laboratory, scientific, and engineering
instruments...........................
Mechanical measuring and controlling
Optical instruments and lenses..........
Surgical, medical, and dental
instruments...........................
Ophthalmic goods.......................
Photographic apparatus..................
Watches and clocks......................
5
Industry Employment
Table A -2 : A ll employ««* and production workers in nonagricultural
establishments, by industry - Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES...
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware....
Pens, pencils, other office supplies....
Costume jewelry, buttons, notions..... *
Fabricated plastics products........ .
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES.......
TRANSPORTATION...........................
Other transportation and services.......
Air transportation (common carrier)....
COMMUNICATION................................................................................................
OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES.................................................................
Gas and electric utilities...................................... ...
Electric light and power utilities..................
Electric light and gas utilities
Local utilities, not elsewhere
October
519.7
53.8
19.6
103.4
32.8
64.6
89.5
156.0
4,174
All employees
1C>56
September
511.7
52.9
19.3
102.5
32.6
64.2
87.3
152.9
*,179
1955
October
511.8
54.9
18.5
96.3
31.4
67.6
86.7
156.4
4,121
2,767
1,188.9
1,041.5
107.0
819.6
651.3
44.3
133.5
2,760
1 ,188.6
1,041.4
108.0
809.4
654.4
44.6
132.9
2,776
1,234.6
1 ,086.9
113.6
793.8
633.6
44.4
117.6
811
767.9
42.6
816
772.8
42.8
759
714.9
43.4
596
573.0
252.6
147.1
603
579-7
256.5
148.3
586
563.0
2*9.9
142.1
173.3
174.9
171.0
22.8
23.0
22.6
Production workers
1956
October
September
October
419.6
422.6
414.9
44.1
42.1
43.0
16.6
16.4
15.8
88.1
87.2
82.0
24.9
24.6
23.5
55.8
52.5
51.9
69.8
70.8
72.2
127.6
122.9
125.3
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
_
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
_
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.......................................................
11,286
11,164
10,990
-
-
-
WHOLESALE TRADE..........................
Wholesalers, full-service and limited-
3,083
3,003
2,912
_
_
_
1,763.0
115.2
1,752.6
115.9
1,705.4
114.3
-
-
307.0
305.8
300.2
_
465.2
465.1
**1.3
_
_
_
875.6
1 ,260.1
865.8
1 ,250.1
8*9.6
1,206.1
-
-
-
8,265
1,474.0
8,l6l
1,424.1
8,078
1,*65.3
-
-
-
958.5
515.5
1 ,602.6
1,133.3
233.2
236.1
786.6
601.0
3,800.3
386.2
353-6
922.9
501.2
1,578.9
1,111.6
236.4
230.9
788.8
580.4
3,788.4
384.1
343.6
9*2.*
522.9
1 ,512.1
1 ,061.5
22*. 5
226.1
815.2
59*.2
3,691.1
389.1
331.1
-
-
-
_
_
Groceries, food specialties, beer,
Electrical goods, machinery, hardware,
Other full-service and limited-function
RETAIL TRADE.............................
General merchandise stores...... .......
Department stores and general mail-order
Other general merchandise stores........
Grocery, meat, and vegetable markets....
Dairy-product stores and dealers........
Other food and liquor stores........................
6
_
-
-
_
-
_
-
_
_
-
-
_
_
_
—
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
m
Table A -2 î A ll employees and production workers in nonagricultural
establishments, by industry - Continued
(In thousands)
All employees
1956
1955
October
September
October
Industry
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE...........
Security dealers and exchanges.........
Insurance carriers and agents.... ......
Other finance agencies and real estate..
SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS.............................
Hotels and lodging places..............
Personal services:
Motion pictures........................
2,308
58*.*
83.2
827-3
812.8
2,321
584.6
83.3
835.3
82*. 7
2,241
556.3
79.2
802.2
802.6
6,0**
*75.8
6,105
512.2
5,915
*79.*
333.1
167.2
225.6
333.7
165.3
230.8
33*-*
167.1
233.*
Production workers
1956
1955
October
September
October
-
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
GOVERNMENT........................................................
7,277
7,213
7,0*3
-
F E D E R A L ................................................................
STATE AND LO CA L................................................
2,202
5,075
2,196
5,017
2,172
*,871
_
_
_
-
-
-
Table A -3 Î Indexes of production-worker employment
and w eekly payrolls in manufacturing
Year
1 9 3 9 .....
1 9 4 0 ........
1 9 4 1 .....
1 9 4 2 .....
1 9 4 3 .....
1 9 4 4 .....
1 9 4 5 .....
1 9 4 6 .....
1 9 4 7 .....
1 9 4 8 .....
1 9 4 9 .....
1 9 5 0 .....
1 9 5 1 .....
1 9 5 2 .....
1 9 5 3 .....
1 9 5 4 .....
1 9 5 5 .....
Product ion-*woi'•ker employment Production-worker
Number
Index
payroll index
(in thousands) (1947-49 = 100) (1947-49 = 100)
8,192
8,811
10,877
12,85*
15,01*
i*,607
12,86*
12,105
12,795
12,715
11,597
12,317
13,155
13,1**
13,833
12,589
13,053
66.2
71.2
87.9
103.9
121.4
118.1
104.0
97.9
103.4
102.8
93.8
99.6
106.4
106.3
111.8
101.8
105.5
29.9
34.0
49.3
72.2
99.0
102.8
87.8
81.2
97.7
105.1
97.2
111.7
129.8
136.6
151.4
137.7
152.5
Year
and
month
1955
O c t ____
Nov....
D e c . ...
Production-woi"ker employment P r0due t i on- wo rk e r
Number
Index
payroll index
(in thousands) (1947-49 = 100) (1947-49 = 100 )
13,**0
13,*87
13,*51
108.7
l6l.l
109.0
163.8
108.7
163.7
13,260
13,212
13,125
13,11*
13,036
13,078
107.2
106.8
106.1
159.1
157.7
157.9
106.0
105.4
105.7
157.3
12,51*
13,2*5
13,335
13,**8
101.2
107.1
1956
Jan....
F e b -----M ar....
A p r ....
M a y -----June...
J u l y . ..
A u g . ...
S e p t...
O c t ....
158.2
158.2
151.0
107.8
161.4
165.8
108.7
168.8
Shipyards
Table A -4 I Employees in Government and private shipyards, by region
(In thousands)
Region 37
1955
October
Ssptonber
October
209.0
206.6
204.7
108.2
105.8
97.7
100.8
100.8
107.0
NORTH ATLANTIC...................................................................
88.5
44.o
44.5
86.9
42.4
44.5
87.5
40.8
46.7
SOUTH ATLANTIC....................................................................
36.8
17.0
19.8
37.2
17.5
19.7
35.4
14.3
21.1
23.3
23.1
21.7
50.4
13.9
36.5
50.5
13.9
36.6
51.1
11.9
39.2
4.8
3.8
3.7
5.2
5.1
5.3
ALL REGIONS........................................................................................
NAVY
1956
Y A R D S ...........................................................................................................
GULF:
PACIFIC...............................................................................
GREAT LAKES:
INLAND:
1/ The North Atlantic region includes all yards bordering on the Atlantic in the following States: Connecticut,
Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and
Vermont.
The South Atlantic region includes all yards bordering on the Atlantic in the following States: Florida,
Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia.
The Gulf region includes all yards bordering on the Gulf of Mexico in the following States: Alabama,
Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas.
The Pacific region includes all yards in California, Oregon, and Washington.
The Great Lakes region includes all yards bordering on the Great Lakes in the following States: Illinois,
Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.
The Inland region includes all other yards.
2J Data include Curtis Bay Coast Guard Yard.
8
Governm ent
Table A-5: Government civilian employment and Federal military personnel
(In thousands)
Unit of Government
TOTAL CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT
FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT
OF
Sept «aber
October
1Q«56
lQ *té
le w s
u ......................................................................
7,277
7,213
7,043
2 / ........................................................................
2,202
2,196
2,172
2,175.9
1,041.0
514.0
620.9
22.1
4.4
2,169.1
1,038.8
511.4
618.9
22.1
4.4
2,146.1
1,036.2
506.3
603.6
21.5
4.3
231.2
230.3
230.0
210.1
88.3
8.7
II3.I
20.4
.7
209.2
88.2
8.6
112.4
20.4
.7
209.6
90.3
8.5
IIO.7
19.7
.7
Other agencies.............................
D IS T R IC T
October
C O L U M B IA
3 / ...............................................................
Legislative....................................
STATE AND LOCAL EMPLOYMENT.........................
TOTAL MILITARY PERSONNEL 4/..............................
5,075
5,017
4,871
1 ,306.1
3,768.4
1 ,278.0
3,738.8
1,250.4
3,620.3
2,299.1
2,775.4
2,192.2
2,824.6
2,168.5
2,702.2
2*828
2,824
2,952
1,004.1
9I5.O
677.7
202.5
28.8
1,005.6
911.5
676.9
201.5
28.7
1,105.1
955.2
661.O
201.8
29.3
1/ Data refer to Continental United States only.
2/ Data are prepared by the Civil Service Commission.
3/ Includes all Federal civilian employment in Washington Standard Metropolitan Area (District of Columbia and
adjacent Maryland and Virginia counties).
4/ Data refer to Continental United States and elsewhere.
411061 0 -56 -4
_2_
St.ite employment
Table A-6: Employees in nonagricultural establishments,
by industry division and State
(In thousands)
TOTAL
State
Oct.
Florida..................
Georgia..................
Minnesota................
Montana..................
Sect.
Mining
.1955
Oct.
19®
Oct.
r Sent.
739*1
248.4
335.0
4,1*84.3
471.5
906.3
-
736.0
246.7
334.8
4,475.8
473.2
901.5
-
710.6
228.3
325.3
4,219.9
448.6
878.1
-
15.7
15.9
6.5
37.1
16.6
(2/)
-
15.7
16.0
6.8
38.1
16.6
(£/)
494-3
978.5
970.0
146.1
3,490.7
X,429.7
665.2
496.5
954.8
969.2
147.5
3,477.7
1,424.2
667.3
495.7
929.1
946.2
145.0
3,453.1
1,434.5
651.8
(1 /)
7.6
4.8
4.7
31.8
11.4
3.5
554.0
554.6
546.1
735.9
28X .9
863.2
1,844.2
2,390.2
734.7
284.2
869.6
1,834.8
2,304.1
Kansas...................
Maine....................
Maryland.................
1956
914.0
(4/)
1,391*7
168.3
1955
Oct.
Contract construction
195>6
1955
Sept.
Oct.
0_ct._
16.0
14.6
6.5
36.2
15.5
(2/)
-
42.1
21.2
16.8
296;7
35.7
50.0
-
41.9
21.1
17.2
299.5
36.2
50.2
-
35.5
20.9
16.6
276.7
33.6
49.2
-
(2/)
7.7
4.8
4.7
32.0
11.4
3.5
4.8
4.1
31.5
10.8
3.7
19.5
98.0
58.2
10.0
202.9
78.8
43.9
19.4
97.1
57.8
10.4
201.9
83.2
43.9
18.9
93.1
52.0
10.0
182.3
80.3
39.9
723.2
277-9
836.4
1,816.7
2,459.6
18.9
39.1
43.4
.5
2 .1
(2/)
17 .1
18.9
39.3
45.0
.5
2 .1
(2/)
17 .1
18.8
41.2
40.4
.7
2JL
(3/)
16.0
38.5
58.6
15.2
72.3
98.5
129.8
40.8
59.2
15.5
73.1
99.1
132.5
40.9
55.6
14.7
71.1
89.0
125.3
897.1
359.3
- 1,296.2
167.3
171.5
364.2
(4/)
85.4
88.9
182.6
185.7
20.6
(V)
9 .1
12.0
<*/>
5.3
.3
20.4
(4/)
9.2
12.0
(4/)
5.4
.3
18.8
3.2
8.8
12.2
2.9
5.0
.3
64.2
(4/)
71.9
13.7
66.2
(4/)
73.2
14.5
(4/)
8.0
10.5
66.5
17.8
78.6
13.4
27.5
9.0
11.2
1^ 9
36.9
123.4
15.3
262.6
50.9
12.9
182.6
38.0
117.1
15.0
253.6
51.9
11.6
177.4
33.8O
917.7
m
7.6
10.3
Nevada...................
8 3
183.5
Rev Jersey...............
1 ,909-8
200.4
6,058.8
1,061.2
(4/)
3,165.9
575.8
1,910.5
197.4
6,026.3
1,057.2
122.4
3,153.3
577.7
1 ,896.0
186.0
6,012.5
1 ,062.9
119.7
3,139.4
568.7
4.7
16.6
11.4
3.9
(V )
22.0
50.9
4.7
16.4
11.3
4.0
1.8
22.2
51.4
3.9
15.5
1 1 .1
4.0
1.8
21.3
52.7
509.3
3,779.7
298*2
535.7
131.7
863.9
2,410.2
524.0
3,754.0
300.0
536.4
131.8
862.8
2,402.9
493.5
3,746.9
301.1
537.6
128.7
864.3
2,318.7
1.3
93.9
(2/)
1.3
2.6
8.7
125.6
1.4
93.5
(2/)
1.2
2.6
8.8
128.3
1.5
95.4
<i/>
1.2
2.5
8.8
123.9
•28.2
202.8
17.7
28.3
12.3
44.7
170.4
29*2
205.0
18.6
29.4
12.9
1/ M
46.7
171.7
25.2
204.5
17.7
3O .4
11.7
47.7
158.9
243.3
IO6.5
976.8
799.6
490.6
1 ,154.4
90.3
245.8
107-5
969.6
804.9
484.3
X,X7X.6
93.0
236.6
104.7
942.9
782.5
484.6
1,131.3
88.7
15.7
1.4
19.5
2.4
77.3
4.6
9.2
15.4
1.4
19.I
2.4
77.5
4.7
9.4
15.3
1.4
17.0
2.4
76.2
4.4
9.4
17.4
5.4
71.3
49.7
24.0
71.0
A 1
0.1
18.2
5*5
71.8
50.1
23.7
ff«
73.1n
A9*5K
17.7
5.1jT
¿im
05.0
47.Ö
21.3
¿A 1
OO.l
71.0
£
Nev York.................
Oregon...................
South Dakota.............
Texas....................
Utah.....................
See footnotes at end of table.
10
i6?i
261.2
50.5
State hnplovment
Table A -6: Employees in nonagricultural establishments,
by industry division and State - Continued
( In
State
Manufacturing
19B•6
1955
Oct.
Se n t.
__ Oct.
248. 5
37.0
90.7
1 ,269.8
77.4
434.1
57.6
16.5
138.5
334.6
28.7
1 ,289.9
617.7
170.2
K a n s a s ............................................
Maryland.....................
M a s s a c h u s e t t s ...............................
Michigan.....................
124.0
I69.5
148.0
112.0
278.8
698.0
1 ,051.7
222.3
(4/)
385.5
22.7
(4/)
5.8
N o r t h C a r o l i n a .............................
South Carolina 1/ ...........
Utah.........................
Vest Virginia.... ...........
Wisconsin....................
th o u sa n d » )
248.2
36.5
91.3
1 ,267.8
75-5
431.9
61 .I
242.3
32.9
88.0
1,174.8
70.8
423.0
58.6
Transportation and
public utilities
1956
1955
Oct.
Sent.
O c t.
50.0
21.2
29.2
36I .6
44.9
44.7
-
16.5
132.6
339.O
28.9
29.2
65.3
74.7
1,294.9
609.8
636.3
168.I
171.5
311.7
101.7
55*7
16.4
134.9
335.8
29.7
1,290.5
124.0
I69.5
147.2
112.4
279-2
689.9
970.8
227.7
(4/)
383.1
22.3
(4/>
5-9
120.7
173.1
15.4
62.3
109.4
265.3
697.8
1,136.7
56.4
83A
21.0
74.6
II9.4
I53.4
216.2
91.8
151.6
104.9
385.0
22.5
60.8
6.0
82.7
82.6
82.9
810.8
812.5
19.9
819.5
88.1
272.8
211.5
37.3
65.1
58.1
83.6
20.5
62.5
56.7
83.8
21.4
75.2
73.7
118.1 117.0
I53.7 151.7
152 .O
1,495.8
49.I
317.6
136.0
15.6
26.2
151.5
49.3
316.4
I5.7
26.1
10.2
25.9
10.2
60.7
227.6
6O .3
228.1
60.3
228.0
23.0
8.2
86.4
64.5
5 1 .O
78.1
14.9
10.1
40.5
37.1
39.1
38.0
23.1
8.3
23.2
8.3
215.4
133.5
90.0
66.3
52.O
89.8
67 .O
51.8
76.9
77.5
I3.3
128.9
455.7
7.2
13.2
148.3
56.2
78.8
949.6
119.3
147.1
-
88.8
272.8
206.5
718.4
301.0
37.4
726.0
394.5
180.8
178.1
134.1
136.1
172.2
55.0
176.9
381.0
473.0
134.5
135.4
131.7
171.6
169.7
55.O
55.1
108.3
162.2
1 A 95.7
133.2
126.6
152.7
87.9
284.3
213.6
37.3
725.0
302.9
179.0
15.7
151.5
I5I .5
59.6
81.7
997.1
29.3 29.I
84.8 80.9
74.7 72.8
15.6
16.2
311.5 309.9
101.8 102.6
57.4
56.1
117.7
90.7
483.0
6.6
-
48.5
321.4
91.0
256.4
30.3
347.3
45.2
42.4
-
342.1
44.1
1 ,310.0
2IO .3
(4/)
91.8
259.2
222.7
59.6
81.7
998.9
126.2
154.6
I5O.I
I8.8
20.2
498.6 494.8
61.1
62.2
14.1
13.8
225.4 224.1
50.8
49.7
1,938.0
468.4
6.7
1,358.3
38.7
38.7
26I .4
218.3
I32.O
467.1
7.1
I52.4
226.9
I5I .2
20.2
499.6
62.4
(*/)
225.6
49.I
234.5
11.9
299-5
452.9
45.4
44.3
-
49.6
2O .9
93.6 90.4
25.4
(4/)
I27 .I 127.4
22.5 22.2
42.4
(*/)
9.6
9.4
10.8 10.7
18.8
1,965.0
476.9
6.5
1,376.8
232.6
11.7
295.3
473.5
362.6
O c t.
(£/)
127.3
22.2
(*/)
9.2
10.7
20.0
1,957.8
469.3
(it/)
1,375.5
1,500.8
132.6
231 .I
12.0
294.3
476.I
50.1
21.2
29.4
Oct.
Wholesale and
retail trade
1956
19«
(4/)
315.9
40.3
(4/)
13.2
33.0
613.0
139.9
708.5
39-6
200.9
653.3
56.4
20.0
221.1
I86.9
88.2
241.5
20.1
54.9
133.6
379-8
174.4
373.5
470.0
476.6
225.2
(4/)
224.4
87.I
322.6
40.7
97.2
18.1
32.6
175.4
315.5
41.5
(4/)
19 .O
33.2
341.2
339.8
42.2
44.0
1,297.9 1,300.4
208.2
39.I
613.3
209.9
119.6
114.7
140.6
697.2
55-3
38.3
609.4
141.2
698.5
55.4
108.0
108.3
198.4
65I.O
198.1
56.2
20.1
217.6
186.3
86.7
240.7
20.6
54.O
19.7
40.0
40.1
625.9
210.0
184.0
87.2
240.1
I8.6
See footnotes at end of table.
11
State Employment
Table A-6: Employees in nonagricultural establishments,
by industry division and State - Continued
State
Colorado.....................
Florida......................
Georgia......................
Idaho.......................
Illinois.....................
Iowa 1/......................
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
Service and
and real estate
miscellaneous
19*5*5
195*5
19^ 6
19Îr
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Sept.
Sept.
noveramene
1956
1955
Oct.
Sept.
Oct.
27.7
9.7
10.1
220.8
20.7
47.2
-
27.7
9.5
10.1
220.4
20.9
47.4
-
136.8
52.6
61.7
720.6
90.8
82.6
15.7
60.3
711.8
89.0
82.2
15.4
24.9
24.9
50.0
38.0
4.7
174.6
66.3
I32.3
89.O
17.1
39I .3
IO9.2
73.3
249.9
174.4
155.8
28.0
351.3
155.9
107.8
252.1
169.4
154.6
27.4
344.5
156.6
105.5
251.8
162.5
57.0
67.7
78.5
27 .I
91 .O
97.2
102.5
122.6
43.0
122.5
235.6
263.2
95.0
100.8
120.0
92.5
98.7
50.1
37.7
4.6
174.3
50.5
29.9
59.2
69.6
26.1
26.0
81.6
65.8
30.4
38.0
578.5
63.O
92.9
66.3
I38.I
92.0
I7.7
404.4
109.8
76.4
59-2
68.6
63.7
28.0
36.6
5^5.6
57.1
9O .9
8.4
40.3
92-5
76.1
8.1
38.9
88.8
72.0
95.8
81.9
28.7
98.0
219.7
226.1
222.5
227.0
219.2
41.3
10.0
IO6.5
(4/)
IO5.5
(it/)
I57.3
21.2
(it/)
23-2
22.2
106.7
37.1
(it/)
2.4
5.8
42.5
(it/)
¿3.3
5.6
(it/)
2.4
5.9
19.7
20.4
79.4
6.7
438.4
33.6
(it/)
103.4
22.6
79.6
6.7
440.0
33.5
5.0
104.5
22.6
78.2
6.4
435.1
31.7
4.8
100.7
21.6
197.8
23.9
824.3
92.3
(4/)
29S .9
189.3
63.8
I98.8
23.6
829.O
92.I
16.2
302.0
64.0
201.1
52.8
756.I
I.38.9
(4/)
351.6
120.8
18.5
18.8
136.7
18.0
60.I
417.0
61.5
131.7
412.8
56.7
402.5
28.6
28.6
28.6
42.7
42.7
17.3
17.5
41.5
16.7
92.6
276.4
Missouri.....................
42.1
(it/)
62.9
New Hampshire................
92.0
5.6
135.8
12.9
15
5.2
28.9
110.7
West Virginia................
403.9
IIO .9
75.4
19.4
75.9
Virginia 2 / .................
90.6
17A
19.1
25.2
Michigan.....................
Utah........................
66.4
140.3
19.7
8.4
40.2
Oregon.......................
24.3
U7.5
35.8
4.6
173.2
48.0
28.4
20.2
Maine.......................
Maryland 2 / ...............
North Dakota.................
Ohio.........................
Oklahoma l / ........... .....
9.6
204.4
20.0
45.5
65.9
31.2
38.3
578.8
59.2
93.1
20.2
19.8
New Jersey...................
50.5
29.7
26.0
8.8
9.7
3.4
43.9
33.1
11.8
40.4
2.2
12.8
15.4
5.3
28.9
110.8
9.7
3.4
44.0
33.8
II .9
40.5
2.3
63.2
5.3
19.6
2.3
5.6
12.3
14.4
5.1
28.1
105.0
9.2
3.3
42.2
32.9
11.6
38.9
2.3
26.8
157.7
20.5
(4/)
22.3
20.3
92.9
283.7
93.5
283.5
26.4
27.0
13.4
13.7
98.9
89.9
41.6
117.5
10.9
99.6
91.2
42.0
II9.5
12.3
221.6
154.4
20.5
45.2
21.5
22.2
814.7
92.5
15.4
287.O
62.7
139-6
(V)
16Ö .4
31.3
69.0
15.5
82.9
1*03.3
35.7
82.4
32.6
132.8
362.8
25.1
13 .O
55-9
16 .O
96.8
170.7
I53.O
86.3
41.9
114.3
10.5
63.7
135.5
19.5
I35.I
52.4
42.4
122.3
232.9
256.8
136.6
(4/)
I29.2
46.0
58.9
685.3
87.1
80.2
14.5
146.3
26.7
344.0
152.9
103.I
118.6
42.4
119.9
231.4
256.1
132.7
73.8
157.5
31.9
67.9
15.6
20.2
156.2
30.5
68.5
13.9
19.6
198.8
5I .3
198.1
47 .I
748.9
737.9
137.9
27 .O
345.1
134.9
120.4
82.0
396.7
35-8
81.0
31.7
27.2
342.7
115.2
76.9
397.1
35.4
81.4
30.6
129.2
130.9
356.0
347.7
55.6
55.2
16.0
168.5
151.4
61.8
16.0
168.5
149.4
61.9
19.0
18.2
132.6
131.6
1/ Revised series; not strictly couporable with previously published data. 2/ Mining combined vith construetion. 3/ Mining combined with service, 4/ Wot available. £/ Federal employment in Maryland and Virginia
portions of Washington, D. C., Metropolitan area included in data for District of Columbia.
12
Area Employment
Table A-7: Employees in nonagricultural establishments
for selected areas, by industry division
Area and industry
division
ALABAMA
Birmingham
Total..................
Mining...i.i.rrt*
Contract construction...
Trans, and pub. util....
Government.......... .
Mobile
Total..................
Contract construction.•.
Trans, and pub. util....
Trade ................. .
Government.............
(in thousands)
Number of employees
Area and industry
1955
1<p6
division
Sept.
Oct.
Oct.
205.7
10.7
12.6
69.4
16.6
45.8
11.8
21.0
18.0
203.1
10.6
12.6
67.8
16.6
45.5
11.7
21.0
17.4
(1/)
(I/)
(i/)
(1 /)
(i/>
ti/>
(I/)
(i/)
87.0
4.9
19.6
9.8
18.2
3.3
8.7
22.6
198.6
11.0
11.8
65.1
16.5
45.4
1 1 .1
20.4
17.4
82.8
4.6
17.5
9.8
17.7
3*3
8.5
21.6
ABIZGKA
Phoenix
Total..................
Mining.................
Contract construction...
Manufacturing....... .
Trans. and pub. util.•..
Trade ........... ......
Finance •••••..... .
Service •••••....... .
Government..............
122.9
.2
10.8
21.3
9.9
34.3
6.8
15.7
23.9
121.1
.2
10.9
20.7
10.0
34.1
6.6
15.1
23.5
111.3
.2
10.8
18.3
9.5
32.0
5.9
14.3
20.3
Tucson
Total
Mining. ............. .
Contract construction...
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
Trade ......... ....... .
Finance........ ••..•••*
Service•••••••••••••••••
Government...... •••••••
53.4
2.1
4.7
9.2
4.9
12.3
1.7
8.1
10 A
53.1
2.2
4.9
9.2
5.0
12.1
1.6
7.7
10.4
49.3
2.0
4.8
8.1
5.2
11.4
1.6
7.1
9.1
ARKANSAS
Little BockV. Little Bock
Total.... ...... ......
Contract construction*.*
Manufacturing...... -...
Trans, and pub. util....
Trade
Finance ••••••..... •••••
Service 2/........,,*a..
Government
CALIFORNIA
Fresno
tui*4us ... ..__
73.0
5.3
12.8
8.0
18.6
4.7
10.2
13.5
17.2
See footnotes at end of table.
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Total.................. 2,156.6
15.5
Mining.................
133.4
Contract construction*..
760.8
Manufacturing.*••••••...
138.0
Trans* and pub. util....
468.6
109.1
Finance.••*•••••.•••••••
300.7
Service•••••••••••••••••
230.5
Government........ •••••
2,141.1
15.9
135.8
747.8
138.2
466.2
108.7
299.3
229.2
2,035.6
14.1
126.9
712.6
130.8
450.2
101.0
282.0
218.0
Finance•••••••••••••••••
Service•••••••.*••••••••
Government............ .
137.6
.6
10.2
18.1
13.0
27.8
5.3
11.5
51.1
138.3
.6
10.3
18.5
13.0
28.1
5.5
11.7
50.6
127.5
.6
9.7
14.8
12.9
26.3
4.7
10.8
47.7
San BernadinoBlverslde-Ontarlo
Manufacturing.••••••••••
28.0
28.1
25.8
215.5
.2
14.3
63.6
11.6
44.8
10.0
26.3
44.7
213.7
.2
14.4
62.0
11.7
45.0
9.9
26.7
43.8
189.6
.2
12.8
46.0
11.1
42.7
8.7
24.8
43.3
957.3
1.9
64.3
204.0
108.3
213.8
66.5
120.4
178.1
956.4
1.9
64.5
204.9
108.7
213.7
66.4
120.0
176.3
925.5
1.7
63.2
194.3
105.3
208.1
62.5
116.2
174.2
135.1
.1
11.3
47.5
8.6
26.0
6.0
17.3
18.3
140.5
.1
11.6
53.6
8.6
25.9
5.9
16.6
18.2
120.3
.1
10.7
40.2
7.1
23.7
5.2
16.2
17.1
Sacramento
Total..................
Mining.................
Contract construction...
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
San Diego
Total..................
Mining.................
Contract construction...
Manufacturing...........
Trans, and pub. util....
Finance......... .
Service
Government...... •••••••
San Franclsco-Oakland
Total..................
Mining..................
Contract construction...
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
Finance
Service
Government••••••••••••••
73.5
5.6
12.7
8.1
18.8
4.8
10.2
13.5
1 C. 7(
10.
71.0
5.8
12.7
8.1
17.9
4.5
9.7
12.6
San Jose
Contract construction...
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util.*..
Finance*••.*••••••••••••
Service.*••••••••».....
15.8
Number of employees
1956
1955 .
Oct.
Sept.
Oct.
13
Area Employment
Table A-7: Employees in nonagricultural establishments
for selected areas, by industry division - Continued
Area and industry
division
CALIFORNIA-Continued
Stockton
COLORADO
Denver
Total..................
M4?Hngr.......... fTrI,f
Contract construction...
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
Trade..................
Service................
Government.... ........
CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport
Total..................
Contract construction 2/
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
Trade..................
Hartford
Total ............. .
Contract construction 2J
Manufacturing.... .
Trans, and pub. util....
Trade..................
Finance....... ........
Government.............
lev Britain
Total..................
Contract construction 2j
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
Trade........... ......
Finance.......... ...•••
Service....... ........
Government....... .
(In thousands)
Number of employees
Area and Industry
1956
1955
division
Sept.
Oct.
Oct.
16.3
16.7
15.7
(X/)
(i/)
(i/)
(±/)
260.6
2.3
20.0
46.3
28.8
72.0
14.4
35.8
41.0
250.1
2.3
19.3
44.1
28.5
69.6
13.4
33.8
39.1
124.5
6.3
72.6
5.9
19.5
2.7
9.7
7.8
124.0
6.4
72.2
5.9
19.3
2.7
9.7
7.8
121.4
5.9
70.8
5.7
19.1
2.6
9.7
7.6
206.8
10.8
79.7
8.0
40.4
28.7
21.1
18.3
198.2
9.7
74.2
7.8
39.7
28.0
21.2
17.7
(y)
M l
M l
(y)
Ml
207.9
10.5
79*7
8.2
41.1
28.5
21.4
18.5
Finance......... ......
Service••••*••••••«••••.
Government.•••••••«.«•••
Waterbury
Contract construction 2)
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util.«..
Finance................
Service................
Government.............
43.4
1.5
28.3
2.2
5*6
.7
2.8
2.4
43.3
1.5
28.4
2.1
5.6
.7
2.8
2.4
43.2
1.3
28.6
2.1
5*5
.7
2.7
2.4
Nev Haven
Total..................
123.3
Contract construction 2/
7.0
46.3
Manufacturing..........
12.6
Trans, and pub. util....
24.0
Trade...... ...........
Finance...... .
6.7
17.8
Service.............. .
9.0
Government.............
See footnotes at end of table.
124.8
7.0
47.6
12.5
24.1
6.7
17.7
9.2
119.2
6.4
45.3
12.2
22.8
6.3
17.3
Stamford
Total...................
Contract construction 2j
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
8.9
DELAWARE
Wilmington 3/
DISTRICT OF COLOMBIA
Washington
Contract construction...
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
Finance..... ..........
Service 2J ..... .
Government.••••••«••••••
FLORIDA
Jacksonville
Total..................
Contract construction. ••
Manufacturing..... .....
Trans, and pub. util»...
Finance*••••••••••••••••
Service 2/.••••••••..•••
Government••••••••••••••
Miami
Total..................
Contract construction*..
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util...*
Trade..................
Finance•••*•••••••••••••
Service 2 J ......... .
Number of employees
1955
ISné
Oct.
Sept.
3.8
51.0
4.1
20.8
2.9
9.9
1.7
7.9
3.7
49.6
4.0
19.8
2.8
9-9
1.8
7.5
3.8
68.6
2.2
42.6
2.7
10.2
1.4
4.5
4.9
69.O
2.2
43.3
2.7
9.9
7.7
1.4
4.5
4.9
67.9
2.4
42.7
2.6
k
7O ,T
1.3
4.4
5.0
55.9
58.3
57.1
640.7
46.9
27.2
43.3
129.1
36.0
90.4
267.8
643.3
47.3
27.3
43.5
129.3
35.9
90.0
270.0
639.4
47.3
26.5
42.9
129.8
35.0
88.8
269.1
127.9
10.0
20.5
14.5
37.6
10.5
15.4
19.5
126.5
9.7
19.7
14.4
121.3
9.1
19.9
14.0
37.3
35.5
10.6
15.4
•T
19.5
10.2
14.2
18.6
256.3
26.3
32.1
33.3
75.1
14.9
47.7
27.O
253.8
27.0
30.8
33.0
74.6
14.8
47.2
26.6
234.2
25.6
29.0
30.2
68.3
13.4
43.0
24.9
50.8
4.0
20.9
2.8
10.0
1.7
7.7
A re a Employment
Table A -7: Employ*«* in nonagricultural establishments,
for selected areas, by industry division - Continued
(In thousands)
Number of employees
Area and industry
" W
d ivision
Oct.
Oct.
Sant.
Area and industry
division
FLORIDA-Continued
Tampa-St. Petersburg
Total..................
Contract construction...
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
Trade..................
Finance................
Service 2 / .............
Government.............
150.6
16.7
26.5
48.3
7*9
20.7
18.8
GEORGIA
A tla n ta
T o ta l......................................
C on tract c o n s tr u c tio n . ..
M anufacturing.....................
T ran s, and pub. u t i l , . . .
Trade......................................
F in a n ce .......... .....
S e rv ic e
.............
Government.............
334.7
20.7
148.5
16.5
26.I
11.8
47.3
7.8
20.4
18.7
140.9
15.6
25.6
10.7
45.0
7.1
19.2
17.8
333.3
20.5
88.9
35.5
86.8
23.1
41.2
37.3
327.9
20.4
91.0
33.9
85.2
22.2
39.8
35.4
53.9
3.7
15.1
6.7
13.0
1.6
6.8
7.0
52.3
2.7
15.3
6.6
12.7
1.5
6.7
6.8
6.7
1.4
3.1
4.3
22.1
1.9
2.0
2.6
6.7
1.4
3.2
4.3
21.8
1.9
1.9
2.4
6.8
1.4
3.1
4.3
ILLINOIS
Chicago
T o ta l ..................
Mining....................................
C o n tract c o n s tr u c tio n .. .
M a n u fa ctu rin g .. ...... ..
T rans, and pub. u t i l . . . .
Trade......................................
F in a n ce ................
S e r v ic e .......... .....
Government.............
2,624.9
3.7
138.0
1,039.4
226.4
535.0
144.3
310.9
227 •0
2,617.1
3.7
I37.9
1,034.8
226.6
530.2
144.8
312.0
227.I
2.584.6
3.6
125.2
1.025.7
226.7
533.7
143.6
301.5
224.8
Rockford
Total«..................
Contract construction 2/
75.9
4.4
75.5
4.4
74.0
4.0
88.6
35.3
88.3
22.9
41.3
37 *6
Savannah
T o t a l . . ................
C on tract c o n s tr u c tio n . .•
M anufacturing ..........
T rans, and pub. u t i l . . . .
T rade ..................
F in an ce ...... .........
S e rv ice 2/ .............
Government............................
IDAHO
B oise
T o t a l ..................
C on tract c o n s tr u c tio n . ..
M anufacturing ..........
T rans, and pub. u t i l . . . .
Trade......................................
F in a n ce ................
S e r v ic e ..................................
Government............................
53.4
3*9
14.5
6.8
13.1
1.5
6.7
6.9
"
22.0
1.9
2.0
2 .6
Rockford-Continued
Manufacturing.......
Trans, and pub. util.
Trade...............
Finance.............
Service.............
Government..........
Number of employees
lal
J3S L
S ep t.
Oct.
43.3
2.7
12.5
2.5
6.6
4.0
42.9
2.7
12.4
2.5
6.7
4.0
42.2
2.7
12.4
2.4
6.7
3.8
65.0
1.7
4.5
21*. 5
Service 4 / ...........
68.7
1.7
4.3
28.4
4.9
15 .O
2.2
12.2
4.9
15.0
2.2
12.2
74.4
1.7
4.2
34.1
5.0
15.2
2.2
12.0
Fort Wayne
Total.
Contract construction
Manufacturing.......
Trans, and pub. util.
Trade...............
Finance.............
Service 5/ ..........
78.4
2.9
35.9
7.3
I7.2
3.7
11.4
78.7
3.3
35.9
7.3
I7.2
3.6
11.4
79.7
3.1
37.0
7.3
17.6
3.5
11.2
Indianapolis
Total................
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Trade................
Finance..............
Service 4/...........
292.3
14.7
109.4
22.6
65.1
17.4
63.1
292.1
14.9
109.2
22.8
64.7
17.4
63.1
293.1
14.4
112.1
22.5
65.O
16.9
62.2
South Bend
T o t a l..................................
C o n tract co n stru ctio n .
M anufacturing.................
T ran s, and pub. u t i l * .
T rad e..................................
F in a n ce..............................
S e rv ic e
........................
83.0
3-9
41.4
4.7
15.5
3.4
14.1
78.8
3.8
37.4
4.8
15.6
3.5
13.7
81.7
4.4
39.5
4.7
15.7
3.4
14.0
98.0
5.6
23.9
8 .1
26.3
10.4
12.3
11.6
97.8
6.0
23.5
8.0
26.I
10.3
12.4
11.6
95.0
5.2
22.4
7.7
26.0
10.1
12.3
11.4
INDIANA
Evansville
Total................
Mining...............
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Trade................
F in a n ce ..............................
IOWA
Des Moines
T o ta l................................
C on tract co n stru ctio n
M anufacturing...............
T ran s, and pub. u t i l .
Trade................................
F in a n ce............................
S e rv ic e 2/ ..........
Government......................
See footnotes at end of table.
11
Area Employment
Table A -7: Employ*«* in nonagricultural establishments
for selected areas, by industry division - Continued
Area and industry
division
KAHSAS
Topeka
Total..................
Contract construction..•
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. atil....
Trade.
7 inane*ttt. >tt utttttttt
Service............... .
Wichita
Total..................
Mining.................
Contract construction...
Manufacturing..........
Trans. and pub. util....
Trade. •..•••••••.... .
(In thousands)
Number of employees
Area and industry
1 956
1955
division
Oct.
Sept.
Oct.
48.9
.2
4.2
6.3
7.6
9.9
2.4
6.0
12.5
48.6
.2
4.0
6.3
7.4
9.8
2.5
6.0
12.5
124.5
1.9
8.2
53.1
7.4
26.2
4.8
12.3
10.9
124.2
1.9
8.4
52.5
7.4
26.1
4.8
12.3
10.9
MAIKS
Levis ton
47.0
.2
3-5
6.0
7.7
9.4
2.3
5.8
12.2
119.8
1.9
8.6
48.9
7.5
26.3
4.8
11.8
10.2
KENTUCKY
Louisville
Contract construction...
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
Trade• • • • « * • • • • • . • • • • « • •
247.2
13.9
99.0
23.7
53*4
9.9
24.7
22.6
248.7
14.3
99.8
23.3
53.5
9.9
25.6
22.3
248.3
14.6
102.0
22.6
52.8
9.8
23.6
22.9
*
LOUISIANA
Baton Bouge
Total..................
Mining............... ....
Contract construction.. .
Manufacturing..........
Trans« and pub. util....
Trade................ ..
Finance
6s .7
6^.2
61.2
,k
.k
6.8
19.2
4.0
12.7
2.2
6.1
12.3
6.7
19.2
4.0
12.6
2.2
6.1
12.1
5.7
19.2
4.1
12.9
2.1
5.8
11 .1
274.3
Mining.................
5-7
Contract construction...
16.5
50.4
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
46.5
70.4
IS.
Finance• . . . • • • • • • • • « • « • •
U
-'J • JS
38.7
Service• . • • • • . • • « • • • • « • •
33.1
See footnotes at end of table.
273.4
5.6
16.4
50.4
46.9
69.3
13.3
38.8
32.8
270.7
5*9
16.8
49.9
45.0
68.3
13.3
38.5
33.2
Hev Orleans
16
Number of employees
1<3156 _
1955
Oct.
Oct.
Sept.
29.2
1.6
15.3
1 .1
5.5
.8
S •.8
J
v-'
1.1
28.9
1.6
15.2
1.1
5.4
.8
JS.7
•f
1 .1
29.0
1.6
15.4
1.1
5.4
.7
3.7
l.l
53-9
4.3
13.6
6.3
14.6
3.5
8.2
3.4
54.2
4.2
13.7
6.4
14.7
3.6
8.2
3.4
53.0
3.9
13.3
6.3
14.6
3.4
8.1
3.4
602.0
.8
47.1
210.2
56.3
116.0
29.8
65.4
76.4
598.6
.8
47.2
207.6
56.7
113.8
30.2
66.0
76.3
580.8
.8
46.2
197.7
55.7
115.1
29.7
62.3
73.3
1,002.6
Contract construction...
58.6
Manufacturing.......... 291.4
Trans, and pub. util....
78.5
Trade........ .........
2S5.S
F i n a n c e . . 67.9
133'. 5
137.4
992.9
58.9
289.0
77.9
230.5
67.6
133.1
135.9
966.2
51.5
284.1
78.4
221.7
64.7
130.8
135.0
48.0
28.0
2.7
7.8
3.1
6.4
47.3
27.4
2.7
7.8
3.1
6.3
47.2
27.5
2.7
7.7
3.1
6.2
49.5
1.7
26.9
2.5
8.7
3.6
6.1
48.8
1.7
26.6
2.4
8.4
3.5
6.2
50.8
1.7
28.6
2.2
8.7
3-5
6.1
Contract construction. •.
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
Finance.... .
Service 2/............ .
Government.•••••••••••••
Portland
Contract construction.. .
Manufacturing..........
Trans* and pub. util....
Government ••••••••••••••
MABTLAXD
Baltimore
Contract construction. .«
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
Government••••••••••••••
MASSACHUSETTS
Boston
Fall Blver
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util..».
Other nonmanufacturing..
Nev Bedford
Contract construction.• .
Manufacturing«.••«.....«
Trans, and pub. util««««
Other nonmanufacturing««
Area Employment
TabU A -7: Employ*«* in nonagricultural establishments,
for selected ar*a>, by industry division - Continued
Area and industry
division
(In thousands)
Number of employees
Area and industry
19c>6
1Q5«5
division
Sent.
Oct.
Oct.
167.6
9.0
75.5
8.8
33.9
7-3
17-2
15.9
167.2
9.0
75.2
8.8
33.7
7A
17.3
15.8
163.7
8.5
74.1
8.6
32.2
7.0
16.9
16.4
Worcester
Total................
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Trade................
Finance..............
Service 2/...........
Government...........
104.0
3.9
49.0
5*4
19.9
4.3
9-7
11.8
103.2
3.7
48.9
5.4
19.8
4.3
9.5
11.6
104.0
3.4
50.0
5.2
20.2
4.1
9.6
11.5
MICHIGAN
Detroit
Total.................. 1,276.0
Mining.................
.8
Contract construction...
67.7
Manufacturing..........
570.9
Trans, and pub. util....
82.3
Trade..................
253.7
Finance................
48.8
Service................
132.8
Government.............
118.9
1,226.1
.9
68.8
518.0
81.4
253.1
48.9
139.0
116.0
1,352.8
.8
68.1
654.6
81.9
253.7
46.7
131.3
115.7
Flint
Manufacturing..........
76.2
66.5
77.6
Grand Rapids
Manufactur ing..........
55.5
53.0
54.7
Lansing
Manufacturing..........
25.1
25.6
24.6
Muskegon
Manufacturing..........
26.9
26.6
28.1
Saglnav
Manufacturing..........
25.4
19.7
28.2
MINNESOTA
Duluth
Total..................
44.2
Contract construction...
2.9
11 .1
Manufacturing..........
7.0
Trans. and pub. util«.*.
10.8
Trade..................
1.8
Finance................
Service 2/.............
6.5
4.1
Government.............
See footnotes at end of table.
43.8
2.6
11.2
7.0
10.6
1.8
6.6
4.0
43.1
2.4
10.4
7.5
10.7
1.7
6.2
4.1
Number of emr>loyees
. 1956
1955
Oct.
SeDt.
Oct.
Minneapolis-St. Paul
MASSACHUSETTS -Cont inued
Springfield-Holyoke
Total................
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trane, and pub. util..
Trade................
Finance..............
Service 2/...........
Government...........
411061 0 -56 -5
__
Contract construction...
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
Finance................
Service 2/ .............
Government.............
503.5
32.4
146.4
50.6
124.8
31.0
58.9
59.4
499.5
32.5
146.2
51.2
123.7
31.3
58.4
56.3
493.5
31.7
142.3
50.9
122.8
30.5
58.4
56.8
56.8
.8
4.0
10.8
4.6
15.4
3.6
7.6
10.3
56.5
.8
4.1
10.6
4.6
15.3
3.6
7.4
10.3
55.2
. -7
4.9
10.1
4.4
14.8
3.5
7.2
9.8
347.0
.7
19.7
94.7
43.7
94.4
21.0
40.5
32.3
347.6
.8
19.9
95.5
44.0
93.8
21.0
40.4
32.2
355.7
.8
20.9
101.3
44.9
95.1
21.1
40.3
31.3
723.4
2.6
43.4
273.8
68.7
155.0
35.6
81.8
62.5
723.0
2.6
44.8
272.0
68.9
154.1
36.0
82.4
62.2
729.8
2.6
46.9
273.6
69.2
158.6
35.9
81.3
61.7
19.1
1.9
2.9
2.3
5.9
3.6
2.5
19.5
1.9
3.0
2.4
6.0
3.7
2.5
18.6
1-9
2.9
2.4
5.7
3.4
2.3
MISSISSIPPI
Jackson
Mining.................
Contract construction...
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
Finance................
Service................
Government.............
MISSOURI
Kansas City
Mining.................
Contract construction...
Trans, and pub. util....
Finance................
Service................
Government.............
St. Louis
Contract construction...
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
Service................
MONTANA
Great Falls
Contract construction...
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util....
il
Area Employment
Tabl. A-7: Employ*«* in nonagricultural «$tablishm«nt$
for s«l«ct«d areas, by industry division - Continued
Area and Industry
division
NEBRASKA
Omaha
Total..... .........
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Trade................
Finance..............
Service % J ...........
Government...........
(In thousands)
Number of employees
Area and Industry
"195E
division
Oct.
Sept.
Oct.
148.3
8 .4
32.6
22.9
37*0
12.0
20*0
I5.5
148.4
8.3
32.4
23.0
37.0
12.1
20.4
V>.h
149.3
7.9
33.2
24.6
37.1
11.8
19.8
15.1
NEVADA
Reno
Total................
Contract construction.
Manufacturing 2/ .....
Trans, and pub. util..
Trade................
Finance..............
Service..............
Government...........
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Manchester
Total.................
Contract construction..
Manufacturing.........
Trans, and pub. util...
Trade.................
Finance...............
Service...............
Government............
NEW JERSEY
Newark-Jersey City JJ
Total.................
Mining................
Contract construction..
Manufacturing.........
Trans. and pub. util...
Trade.................
Finance...............
Service...............
Government............
27.O
2.5
1.9
3A
6.9
1 .1
7.2
4.0
41.3
2.2
19.1
2.8
8.2
1.9
4.4
2.9
27.4
2.5
1.9
3.5
7.0
1 .1
7.4
4.0
41.6
2.2
I9.2
2.8
8.1
2.0
4.4
2.9
25.5
2.4
2,0
3.6
6.3
1.0
6.6
3.6
41.4
2.4
19.7
2.7
7.7
1.9
4.2
2.7
840.9
.2
30.2
367.8
85A
144.9
46.9
84.3
81.2
838.0
.2
30.3
368.1
85.9
141.6
47.6
83.6
80.7
841.7
.2
32.O
373.3
85.2
143.6
46.3
81 .5
79.6
381.2
2.2
25.6
178.4
22.5
63.8
12.2
37.2
39.3
378.8
2.2
26.5
176.9
22.3
62.7
12.3
37.3
38.6
371.4
1.9
23.0
176.2
22.2
62.9
12.0
35.1
38.1
159.8
.8
9.1
See footnotes at end of table.
I58.9
.8
9.5
I53.4
.7
7.1
Paterson 7 /
Total...................
Mining..................
Contract construction....
Manufacturing...........
Trans, and pub. util....
Trade...................
Finance.................
Service.................
Government..............
Perth Amboy jJ
Total................
Mining..............
Contract construction.
18
Perth Amboy 7/-Contlnued
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Finance..............
Service..............
Government...........
Oct.
195Ó
8ei>t.
84.7
9.3
22.2
2.7
9.9
21.1
83.9
9.3
22.0
2.7
9.8
20.9
82.1
8.8
22.0
2.5
9.4
20.8
96.9
.1
3.9
41.9
6.9
15.5
2.8
10.3
15.5
95.5
.1
4.0
41.1
7.0
15.2
2.8
9.8
15.5
96.9
.1
3.9
42.4
6.7
16.1
2.8
9.8
I5 .I
63.3
4.8
10.4
5.7
16.2
3.4
7.9
14.9
61.6
4.6
10.3
5.6
16.I
3.4
7.9
13.7
59.4
5.2
9.7
5.4
I5.2
3.5
7.5
12.9
211.5
8.4
78.3
16.5
41.2
7.1
21.9
38.1
210.8
7.9
78.2
I6.7
40.7
7.1
22.1
38.1
209.9
7.6
76.9
16.5
40.6
7.1
22.5
38.7
78.2
2.9
42.1
3.9
13.8
2.0
6.1
7.3
78.2
3.1
41.8
4.0
14.0
2.0
6.0
7.3
76.3
2.9
40.3
4.0
13.9
1.9
5.9
7.4
459.7
25.2
210.1
38.1
87.I
I3.9
46.3
39.0
454.0
25.4
205.I
37.7
86.3
14.0
46.5
39.1
451.7
22.1
208.0
36.9
87.2
13.8
46.5
37.3
Trenton
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Government...........
1955
Oct.
NEW MEXICO
Albuaueroue j/
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Finance..............
Government...........
NEW YORK
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Finance..............
Service 2/...........
Government...........
Binghamton
Total................
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Finance..............
Service fc/...........
Government...........
Buffalo
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Finance..............
Service 2/...........
Government...........
Area Employment
Tabl. A -7: Employ#** in nonagricultural establishment*,
for selected areas, by industry division - Continued
(In thousands)
Number of employees
Area and industry
1956
1955
division
Sent.
Oct.
-
Area and industry
division
NiW YORK-Continued
Elmira
Total.................
Manufacturing.........
Trade.................
Other nonmanufacturing.
34.3
17.8
6.5
10.1
34.0
17.3
6.4
10.3
34.2
17.5
6.4
10.3
Nassau and Suffolk
Counties 7/
Total.................
Contract construction..
Manufacturing.........
Trans, and pub. util...
Trade.................
Finance...............
Service 2/............
Government............
326.9
30.2
100. 4
20.9
71.7
10.5
41.7
51.6
332.7
32.1
100.2
20.8
70.8
10.5
46.3
52.0
308.4
31.1
92.4
21.1
65.5
10.5
38.8
48.9
New York-Northeastern
Nev Jersey
Total.................
Mining................
Contract construction..
Manufacturing.........
Trans, and pub. util...
Trade.................
Finance...............
Service.... .
Government............
5,494.7
6.5
230.6
1,763.2
1*80.2
1,163.4
439.3
783.3
628.2
5,467.7
6.5
235.5
1,749.7
479.5
1 ,150.1
440.5
781.4
624.5
3,562.0
1.8
116.3
969.3
325.7
812.4
355.0
576.5
405.0
224.1
10.9
114.1
10.1
39.3
6.9
23.8
19.0
New York City 7/
Total.................
Mining................
Contract construction..
Manufacturing.........
Trans, and pub. util...
Finance...............
Service...............
Government.......... .
103.2
4.4
45.5
5.5
16.1
3.2
8.5
19.9
102.4
4.0
45.3
5.3
16.0
3.2
8.8
19.9
96.3
3.6
41.7
5.3
15.8
3.1
8.5
18.3
Westchester County 7/
Total................
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Trade................
Finance..............
Service 2/...........
Government...........
194.1
16.4
51.1
14.7
44.7
1 1 .1
32.5
23.6
192.4
17.4
49.8
14.7
43.7
10.8
31.9
24.1
183.9
17.7
46.6
13.0
43.5
10.1
30.4
22.6
5,474.7
6.2
225.9
1,791.9
477.4
1,156.2
436.2
767.4
613.5
NORTH CAROLINA
Charlotte
Total................
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Trade................
Finance..........
Service 2/...........
Government...........
88.1
5.3
22.4
10.5
26.3
5.7
10.7
7.2
87.8
5.3
22.5
10.4
26.4
5.7
10.5
7.0
86.0
5.2
22.6
9.8
25.6
5.4
10.6
6.8
3,537.0
1.7
117.0
959.5
324.8
805.6
355.7
571.1
401.6
3,587.3
1.8
112.4
1,010.0
325.5
815.4
354.0
571.1
397.1
Greensboro-High Point
Manufacturing........
40.8
40.6
41.7
Winston-Salem
Manufacturing........
34.1
33.6
36.0
223.7
11.5
113.5
10.1
39.0
6.9
23.5
19.0
220.8
10.6
113.2
9.8
38.8
6.7
23.1
18.6
(i/)
(1/)
u/>
W ?
(1/)
Ci/)
(1/)
(A/)
21.8
2.4
2.1
2.4
7 .2
1.6
3.1
3.0
21.7
2.3
2.1
2.3
7.6
1.5
2.9
Q 0
OHIO
Akron
Manufacturing........
94.5
94.1
93.3
Canton
Manufac turing........
65.7
65.2
65.2
Cincinnati
Manufacturing........
165.7
165.5
165.4
316.0
308.6
317.9
Rochester
Contract construction..
Manufacturing.........
Trans, and pub. util...
Trade..... ..... .....
Finance...............
Service 2/............
Government............
Syracuse
Total................ .
Contract construction..
Manufacturing.........
Trans, and pub. util...
Trade.................
Service 2/............
Government............
See footnotes at end of table.
150.9
8.2
63.2
10.7
32.0
6.5
16.1
14.1
Utica-Rome
Total................
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Trade................
Finance..............
Number of erni)loyees
_ ._ 1956
195*3
Oct.
Oct.
Sept.
149.3
8.6
61.8
10.7
31.1
6.5
16.2
14.2
144.2
6.7
58.8
10.8
31.8
6.2
16.1
13.8
NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo
Total................
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Trade................
Finance..............
Service 2/ ...........
Government...........
Cleveland
19
Arca Employment
Table A -7: Employees in nonagricultural establishments
for selected areas, by industry division - Continued
Area and Industry
division
(In thousands)
Number of employees
Area and industry
1955
division
Oct.
ftfvh. 19ir s«pt.
100*9
Harri sburg-Cont inued
Trans, and pub. util.
Trade...............
Finance.............
Service.............
Government..........
14.6
24*7
5.9
12.6
39.9
14.5
24.2
5.9
12.6
40.0
14.9
*3.1
5.7
12.2
39.4
59.*
65.3
Lancaster
Manufacturing.......
45.8
46.0
46.5
114.9
117.4
Philadelphia
Manufacturing.......
553.9
351.9
552.4
Finance.............
Service.............
Government..........
843.6
19.1
51.7
344.3
71.2
160.7
27.7
95.3
73.6
836.3
19.2
51.1
342.7
71.2
159.0
28.0
93.0
72.1
822.2
18.0
47.1
337.4
72.5
157.4
27.1
90*9
71.7
T?AfiA 4Tier
xiuomxiA
Manufacturing.......
51.5
50.8
52.5
Scranton
Manufacturing.......
32.1
32.2
30.8
W iIkes-Barre — Hazleton
Manufacturing.......
37.6
37.3
39.2
York
Manufacturing ......
1*6 .1
46.1
45.1
RHODE ISLAND
Providence
Total...............
Contract construction
Manufacturing.......
Trans, and pub. util.
Trade...............
Finance.............
Service 2/...........
Government....... .
291.6
15.7
1*0.6
13.9
52.3
12.7
26 .4
30.0
293.2
16.5
l4l.l
i4.o
52.5
12.6
26.4
30.1
293.4
15.7
143.0
14.0
52.6
12.1
26.4
29.6
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston
Total.......... ....
Contract construction
Manufacturing .......
Trans, and pub. util.
Trade...............
Finance.............
Service Z j ..........
Government..........
54.4
3.7
9.6
4.6
13.3
2.1
5.0
16.3
53.7
3.6
9.6
4.3
13.1
2.1
5.0
16.2
53.4
3.7
10.0
4.0
12.5
1.9
4.9
16.5
Greenville
Manufacturing.......
30.7
30.8
30.2
OHIO-Continued
Columbus
Manufacturing........
80.9
79.1
78e8
Dayton
Manufacturing........
101.3
99.9
Toledo
Manufacturing........
60.1
Youngstown
Manufacturing........
116.6
Pittsburgh
Total...............
OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City j/
Total................
Mining...............
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Trade................
Finance..............
Service..............
Government...........
146.3
8.1
U.0
16.7
10.9
38.3
8 .1
17.5
35.8
146.5
8.1
11.1
16.7
10.8
38.4
8.1
17.6
35.8
143.4
7.8
10.4
16.9
11.3
38.2
7.9
17.5
33.6
Tulsa\S/
Total................
Mining...............
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, end pub. util..
Trade................
Finance..............
Service..............
Government...........
133.5
13.0
10.1
35.0
13.9
31.0
6.3
16.4
7.9
133.1
13.1
10.2
34.6
13.8
31.1
6.3
16.2
7.9
126.5
13.1
8.3
34.8
12.9
30.9
6.0
15.4
7.1
OREGON
Portland 3/
Total................
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Trade................
Finance..............
Service 2J ...........
Government...........
PENNSYLVANIA
Allentown-BethlehemEaston
Manufacturing..... .
Erie
Manufacturing........
259.7
X
**
64.7
30.5
67.1
13.1
34.4
34.5
263.9
15.9
67.5
30.6
68.4
13.2
34.4
33.9
251.7
14.7
64.0
29.6
64.3
12.8
33*9
32.4
100.6
100.7
100.4
45.7
45.4
41.4
143.1
•5
9.4
35.6
142.7
.5
9.7
35.5
138.0
.5
8.0
34.3
Harrisburg
Mining...............
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
See footnotes at end of table.
20
Number of employees
1956
1955
Oct.
Oct.
Sept.
Contract construction
Manufacturing.......
Trans, and pub. util.
Area Employment
Tabl* A -7: Employ*«* in nonagricultural establishment*,
for s«l*ct«d areas, by industry division - Continued
Area and industry
division
SOUTH DAKOTA
Sioux Fall«
Total................
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Trade................
Finance..... ........
Service 2/...........
Government........ ...
Chattanooga
Total................
Mining................
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Tfcans. and pub. util..
Trade......... •••••••
Finance..............
S e r v ic e ..............................
Government....... .
Knoxville
Tbtal....
Mining .................
Contract construction..
Manufacturing.........
Trans, and pub. util...
Trade....................................
Finance...............
Service............. .
Government............
(In thousands)
Number of employees
Area and industry
division
8ept
Oct*
w 24.6
2.0
5.3
2.3
8.1
1.4
3.5
2 .1
24.8
2.0
5.3
2.2
8.2
1.4
3.6
2 .1
25.O
2.5
5.3
2.2
8.4
1.5
3.2
2.1
93.5
.1
3.7
44.0
5.6
18.3
4.3
9.3
8.4
93.0
.1
3.7
43.8
5.5
I8.I
4.3
9.3
8.3
94.9
.1
4.6
45.4
5.4
18.1
4.0
9.1
8.4
117.3
1.9
6.2
45.9
7.6
26.1
2.4
11.0
16.3
117.6
1.9
6.3
46.0
7.5
26.0
2.5
11.2
16.3
II6.5
2.0
7.2
45.6
7.2
25.I
2.3
11 .1
16.3
(i/>
184.3
.4
12.7
46.8
16.2
53.7
7.9
23.4
23.5
Memphis
Mining........
.....
Contract construction
Manufacturing.......
Trans, and pub. util.
Trade...... ...... ..
Finance........ .
Service..... .......
Government..........
(±/>
a/)
(1 /)
(1/)
I87.4
.4
11.6
47.6
16.9
54.6
8.2
23.6
24.6
Kashvllle
Total....
Mining................
Contract construction..
Manufacturing...... .
Trans, and pub. util...
Trade.......... .
Finance.............. .
Service...............
Government........ .
13^.1
.3
8.8
37.3
12.7
31.8
8.6
19 .^
15.5
133.7
.3
8.7
37.3
12.7
31.5
8.5
19.3
15.5
132.3
.4
8.0
38.8
12.6
30.6
8.1
18.9
15.2
121.6
7.7
122.7
7.7
118.0
7.5
V o ta i.................
UTAH
Salt Lake City
T o t a l ..
Mining.
m
Number of employees
1956
Oct.
Sep t.
9.3
19.1
13.0
34.9
7.4
15.0
15.2
9.6
19.0
13.2
34.8
7.5
15.7
15.2
18.2
12.7
33.3
7.1
14.6
14.9
17 .1
4.3
1.4
4.5
3.2
3.7
17.2
4.3
1.4
4.5
3.2
3.8
16.5
3.7
1.3
4.5
3.1
3.9
13.2
8.4
.6
1.5
1.1
1.6
13.3
8.4
.6
1.5
1.1
1.6
12.7
8.0
.6
1.5
1.0
1.6
Finance........... .
Service...............
Government.••••••••••••
160.8
.2
12.5
15.6
17.8
43.6
7.0
I7.5
1*6.6
160.4
.2
12.8
15.5
18.0
43.0
6.9
17.5
116.5
154.1
.2
11.2
15.4
I7.2
39.5
6.5
16.4
47.7
Richmond
Total.................
Mining.................
Contract construction..
Manufacturing..........
Trans, and pub. util...
Trade............. .
Finance...............
Service......... ••••••
Government.......... ..
161.9
.3
12.5
1*0.1
15.9
1*0.9
12.9
18.1
21.3
161.6
.3
12.8
1*0.4
15.9
1*0.1
12.9
17.9
21.3
156.4
.3
11.7
39.8
15.5
38.6
12.6
17.5
20.4
315.1
16.6
92.6
27.5
76.3
18.6
37.9
45.6
317.fi
17.4
92.5
28.2
76.7
18.7
38.4
45.3
299.6
15.0
83.1
27.0
74.8
17.9
37.0
44.8
Salt lake City«-Continued
Contract construction...
Manufacturing..
Trans, and pub. util..
Trade.........
Finance...... .
Service.... .
Government....
VERMONT
Burlington
Total.........
Manufacturing.•
Trans, and pub. util
Trade............ .
Service..............
Other nonmanufacturing
Springfield
Total.................
Manufacturing........ .
Trans* and pub. util...
Trade....... ••••••••••
Service...............
Other nonmanufacturing.
VIRGINIA
Nbrfolk-Portsmouth
Total..
Mining.
Contract construction..
Manufacturing.........
Trans, and pub. util...
Trade....................................
WASHINGTON
Seattle 3/
Total................
Contract construction
Manufacturing......
Trans, and pub. util
Trade............. .
Finance...... .
Service 2/...... ...,
Government.........
See footnotes at end of table.
21
Area Employment
Table A -7: Employees in nonagricultural establishments
for selected areas, by industry division - Continued
Area and industry
division
(in thousands)
Number of employees
Oct*
Sept.
-jgL
Oct.
WASHXmOH-Oontinued
Spokane ¿/
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util.•
Trade.......... .....
Finance..... ........
Service 2 J ....... ..
Government......... ..
77.8
5.8
15 .I
8.8
2 1A
3.8
12.0
10.9
79.0
5.9
15.3
9.0
21.5
3.8
12.4
11.1
76A
4.8
14.9
8.8
21.2
4.2
11.8
10.7
Total.
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Trade................
Finance..............
Service 2/ ...........
Government...........
76.7
4.3
17.8
7.1
1 7 .O
2.9
8.8
18.8
78.4
4.3
18.8
7.1
17.5
3.0
8.9
18.8
76.3
4.2
18.5
7.1
16.7
2.8
8A
18.6
T otal.
T otal..............................
T o ta l..............................
l/
2/
2/
4/
5/
0/
Trade................. ..............
Finance........ .
Service...... ••••....
Government........... .
1255-
Qct.
QS.St
Sept.
9.4
19.5
3.0
10.2
7.2
9A
19.5
3.1
10.7
7.1
9.7
20.0
2.9
10.7
7.1
436.I
26.0
195.6
28.6
86.8
19.9
44.3
34.9
436.9
26A
19.9
44.8
34.9
424.0
24.1
189.1
29.0
84.1
19.3
43.5
34.8
41.7
2.3
21.5
1.7
7.7
.8
4.3
3A
42.0
2.6
21.6
1.7
7.8
.8
4.2
3A
42.9
2.3
23.O
1.7
7.7
.8
4.0
3A
3.0
1.6
1.9
1.8
4.1
.6
2.1
3.0
1.7
1.9
1.8
4.1
.7
2.0
3.1
1.0
1.8
1.6
3.7
.6
1.9
WISCONSIN
Milwaukee
Contract construction.
Manuf&c turlng........
Trans, and pub. util..
Trade...............................
Finance..............
Service 2/ ...........
Government.......... .
T o ta l...............................
91.7
10 A
4.5
25.7
11.0
18.6
3.3
8.5
9.8
91.8
10.5
4.4
25.8
11.0
18.6
3.3
8.6
9.7
90.6
10.3
4.2
25.1
10.7
19.2
3.2
8.4
9.8
114 A
5.9
5.1
54.3
111.4
5.9
4.9
51.0
116.2
5.9
4.7
55.3
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util*.
Trade................
Finance....... ......
Service 2 /•..........
Government...........
WYOMING
Casper
Mining...............
Contract construction
Manufacturing.... .
Trans, and pub. util.
Trade............ .
Finance.............
Service.............
Not available.
Includes mining.
Revised series; not comparable vith previously published data.
Includes government.
Includes mining and government.
Includes mining and finance.
jJ Subarea of Heir York-Northeastern New Jersey.
22
Number of employees
196.7
29.1
85.1
Racine
Wheellng-Steubenvllle
Mining...............
Contract construction.
Manufacturing...... ..
WheelingSteubenville-Continued
Trans, and pub. util...
T o ta l....
WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston
Mining...... ........
Contract construction.
Manufacturing........
Trans, and pub. util..
Trade................
Finance •••••..... .
Service.... ........ .
Government...........
Area and industry
division
Labor Turnover
Table B-lt Monthly labor turnover rates in manufacturing,
by class of turnover
(Bar 100 employees)
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
3.9
2.9
3.2
4.5
3.9
4.2
2.5
3.2
3.1_
4.0
3.0
3.6
4.6
3.9
4.4
2.8
3.6
3.1
4.3
4.6
3.1
4.1
4.0
3.8
4.3
2.9
3.6
4.7
4.1
3.0
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.5
2.5
3.6
4.5
4.8
2.9
4.1
3.7
4.1
3.7
3.0
3.5
1948,
1949
1950,
1951
1952,
1953,
1954
1955,
1956.
2.6
1.7
1 .1
2.1
1.9
2.1
1 .1
1.0
1.4
2.5
1.4
1.0
2.1
1.9
2.2
1.0
1.0
1.3
2.8
1.6
1.2
2.5
2.0
2.5
1.0
1.3
1.4
1948,
1949,
1950,
1951,
1952,
1953,
1954,
1955,
1956
Ô.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
0.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.4
.2
.2
.3
0.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.4
.2
.2
.3
1948,
1949,
1950,
1951,
1952,
1953,
1954,
1955,
1956.
1.2
2.5
1.7
1.0
1.4
•9
2.8
1.5
1.7
1.7
2.3
1.7
.8
1.3
.8
2.2
1 .1
1,9
1.2
2.8
1.4
.8
1 .1
.8
2.3
1.3
1.6
1948,
1949,
1950,
1951,
1952,
1953,
1954,
1955,
1956.
0.1
.1
.1
.7
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
0.1
.1
.1
.6
.4
.4
.2
.2
.2
0.1
.1
.1
.5
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
1948.
1949,
1950,
1951,
1952,
1953,
1954,
1955,
1956.
4.6
3.2
3.6
5.2
4.4
4.4
2.8
3-3
_ 3.3
1948,
1949,
1950,
1951,
1952,
1953,
1954,
1955,
1956,
Apr.
ifey
June
July
Aug.
Totiil acc9£jsion
4.1
5.0
5.7
4.7
4.4
4.4
3-5
3.5
4.4
4.8
6.6
4.7
4.2
4.5
4.9
4.5
4.4
5.9
3.9
4.9
4.1
4.1
5.1
4.3
2.7
3.5
3.3
2.9
3.8
3.4
4.3
4.5
3.4
4.2
3.8
3.3
Totiû. seraration
4.4
4.5
5.1
4.7
4.3
4.0
4.8
5.2
3.8
4.3
2.8
4.2
3.0
3.1
2.9
4.8
4.4
4.6
5.3
4.3
4.1
5.0
4.6
3.9
3-9
4.4
4.8
4.2
4.3
4.3
3.8
3-3
3.1
3.1
4.0
3.2
3.4
3-2
3.1
3.4
3.7
3.4
3-2
3.9
£uit
2.8
3.4
3.0
2.9
2.9
1.4
1.8
1.6
1.7
1.5
1.8
1.6
1.7
2.9
1.3
2.8
2.4
2.7
2.5
3.1
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
3.0
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.9
1.4
1.0
1 .1
1 .1
1 .1
1.6
2.2
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
2.2
1.5
1.5
Dischax
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
Layofj
1.0
1.2
1.2
1 .1
1 .1
2.8
2.1
1.8
3.3
2.5
1 .1
.6
1.2
.6
.9
1.0
1.4
1.0
1.2
1.3
1 .1
1 .1
2.2
1.0
1.3
1.0
1 .1
.9
.9
1.3
2.4
1.6
1.7
1.9
1.7
1.2
1.2
1 .1
1.3
1.3
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.3
Mlsctîllaneoiis. Inc]Luding nilitan r
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
.5
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
•3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
4.0
2.9
3.5
4.5
3.7
4.3
2.4
3-5
3.3
Sept.
Annual
aver Tear
age
'
4.4 1948
3-5 1949
4.4 1950
4.4 1951
4.4 1952
3-9 1953
3.0 1954
3.7 1955
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
4.5
3.7
5.2
4.4
5.2
3.3
3.6
4.1
3.7
3.9
3.3
4.0
3.9
4.0
2.7
3-3
3-3
2.7
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.3
2.1
2.5
2.5
5-4
4.5
4.2
4.1
4.9
4.3
4.7
5.1
4.2
4.9
5.2
4.5
3-9 i 3-3
3.5
4.4
3.4
4.4
4.1
4.0
3.8
4.3
3.5
4.2
3.0
3.1
4.3
3.2
3.6
3.5
3.4
4.0
3.0
3.0
4.6
4.3
3-5
4.4
4.1
4.3
3-3
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
3.9
2.1
3.4
3.1
3-5
3.1
1.8
2.8
2.6
2.8
1.5
2.7
2.5
2.8
2.1
1.2
1.8
1.7
2.2
1.2
2.1
1.9
2.1
1.5
1.0
1.4
1.7
.9
1.7
1.4
1.7
1 .1
.9
1 .1
2.8
1.5
1.9
2.4
2.3
2.3
1 .1
1.6
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
0.4
.2
.4
.3
.4
.4
.2
.3
.3
0.4
.2
.4
.4
.4
.4
.2
.3
.3
0.4
.2
.3
.3
.4
.3
.2
.3
0.3
.2
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
0.4
.2
.3
.3
.3
.4
.2
.3
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1.0
1.8
.7
1.3
.7
1.5
1.7
1 .1
1.4
1.2
2.3
.8
1.4
.7
1.8
1.6
1.2
1.2
1.4
2.5
1 .1
1.7
.7
2.3
1.6
1.2
2.2
2.0
1.3
1.5
1.0
2.5
1.7
1.4
1.3
2.4
1 .1
1.2
1 .1
1.3
1.9
1.2
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
0.1
.1
.4
.4
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
0.1
.1
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
0.1
.1
.3
.4
•3
.3
.1
.2
0.1
.1
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
0.1
.1
.2
.5
.3
.3
.2
.2
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
5.1
4.1
5-7
4.3
5.6
4.0
3.4
4.4
4.1
SI
Labor Turnover
T a b le B-2: M o n th ly la b o r turnover rates in selected in d u strie s
(Per 100 employees)
Industry
Total
accession
rate
Total
Quit
S e p a r a t i o n rate
Discharge
Misc., incl.
military
Layoff
Oct. sept. Oct. Sept. 0<5t. Sept. OCt. Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept.
I956 1956 I956 1956 I956 1956 1??6 l??6 I956 1956 I956 1956
MANUFACTURING ............................ 3.7
4.1
1.4
1.2
0.2
0.2
3.4 4.4 1.7 2.6
0.3
0.3
DURABLE GOODS..................... .....
NONDURABLE GOODS........................
4.1
2.9
4.4
3.4
3.6
3.2
4.6
4.2
1.8
1.7
2.6
2.5
•3
.2
.3
.2
1.3
1.0
1.5
1.1
.2
.2
•3
.2
ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES...............
5.0
3.8
4.3
4.0
1.3
2.2
.3
.2
2.5
1.4
.2
.2
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS..............
3.3
3.2
2.8
4.2
4.5
4.4
3.3
4.5
3.8
3.0
3.5
3.8
5.3
3.9
4.4
5.2
1.6
.9
1.2
2.5
2.8
2.0
2.4
3.3
.3
.3
.3
.4
.3
.3
.4
.4
1.7
1.6
I .9
.7
2.0
1.4
1.4
1.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
Cl/)
1.9
Cl/)
7.8
(1/)
2.4
Cl/)
.1 Cl/)
5.0
Cl/)
.2
2.7
2.9
3.0
2.8
2.0
3.8
1.9
2.1
1.2
3.1
1.3
2.9
1.9
1.5
.7
2.4
.6
1.9
1.5
2.6
1.1
.4
.4
.4
.1
3.5 3.4
3.7 3.3
3.4 4.0
3.5 3.8
3.1 5.5
3.2
3.6
3.1 2.6
3.1 2.9
2.8 2.4
2.5 1.9
3.7 (I/)
4.4
4.5
4.7
4.4
6.6
3.8
2.8
3.3
3.4
5.1
3.3
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.7
1.1
Cl/)
2.6
2.4
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.2
2.7
2.1
2.0
.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
Cl/)
3.5
2.8
4.1
3.0
4.0
5.9
4.2
3.2
2.7
2 .1
3.1
2.2
.1
.3
.2
.2
1.0
3.6
3.2
4.3
3.2
4.2
2.7
3.3
.3
.2
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT
FURNITURE)............................ Cl/)
Logging camps and c o n t r a c t o r s ........... (1/)
Sawmills and planing m i l l s .............. Cl/)
4.8
9.5
4.0
(1 /) 6.8
(1 /) 10.3
6.4
(1 /)
Cl/)
Ci/J
Ci/)
4.5
8.3
4.0
Cl/)
2.9
(1/)
5.8
Cl/)
3.8
3.9
3.5
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.1
3.9
4.5
4.8
4.5
5*3
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS..............
2.6
1.5
4.2
3,2
1.8
5.0
2.6
1.5
3.6
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS..........
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.8
2.0
1.6
1.2
•9
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.3
2.3
Grain-mill p r o d u c t s .......................
B a k e r y p r o d u c t s ............................
Beverages:
Malt l i q u o r s ..............................
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES...................
.2
TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS..................
3.4
3.8
3.7
3.7
W o o l e n and w o r s t e d .......................
3.3
Knitting m i l l s .............................
3.1
Full fashioned h o s i e r y ..................
2.9
S e a m l e s s h o s i e r y .........................
3.3
1.7
Dye i n g and finishing t e x t i l e s ...........
2.8
Carpets, rugs, other floor c o v e r i n g s .
(±/)
Yarn and thread m i l l s ....................
B r o a d w o ven fabric m i l l s .................
APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE
PRODUCTS..............................
Men's and boys' suits and c o a t s ........
Men's and boys' furnishings and work
c l o t h i n g ...................................
Millwork. plywood, and prefabricated
s tructural woo d p r o d u c t s ...............
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.................
See footnotes at end of table.
tfc
1.9
4.1
2.3
.6
.1
.1
.1
.3
.1 (2/)
.2
.2 (2/)
.1 (2/)
.2 1.2
.3
.6
.2
.2
.5 (2/)
.3 1.0
.2
.7
.3 1.4
.3 1.2
.2 3.0
.3
.9
.2
.3
.8
.3
.2
.3
.2
.3
.4 (1/)
1.4
.1
.2
.2
.2
1.7
1.6
.1
.2
.1
.2
1.3
.1
3.4
.3
.1
.1
.7
.1
.1
.3
.8 (2/) (2/)
.4
.1
.1
.2
2.7
.3
.6 Cl/)
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.5 (2/)
.1
Cl/)
(1 /)
(1 /)
.4 (1/)
.2 Cl/)
.5 (1 /)
1.6 Ci/)
1.2 (1/)
1.6 (1 /)
.3
•5
.2
3.2
(1 /)
.3 (1 /)
2.2
(1/)
.2
2.2
2.4
1.8
3.1
3.1
3.4
.6
.4
.5
.6
.6
.6
1.2
.8
2.1
.8
.7
1.0
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
4.3
3.6
5.2
1.6
•9
2.6
3.3
2.8
3.9
.3
.2
.4
.3
.1
•5
.6
.2
.5
.5
.4
.7
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
3.1
2.9
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.6
1.0
1.0
.6
.4
.8
2.1
.1
2.1
.1
.1
1.7
.7 (2/)
.1
2 .1
.1
3.0
.1
.1
.1
(2/)
.1
.1
.5
.1
.6
.8
.4
.2
.7
.4
.6
1.6
.7
.4
.2
.3
.2
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.2
.1
.1
.1
1.9
.7
.7
Labor Turnover
Table B-2! M o n t h ly la b o r turnover rates in selected industries-Continued
(Per 100 e m p l oyees)
Total
accession
rate
PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL..........
S eparation rate
Total
Qulit
Discharge
Layoff
Oct. Sept* Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct.
1956 1956 1956 1956 1956 1956 1956 1956 I956 s
0.8 1.2
2.4 0.6 1.7 0.1
0.1
0.2 0.4
1 .1
.6
.7
.7 2.0
.3 1.5
.3
c§/> (§/) .1
M i s c . , incl.
military
Oct.
I956
0.3
.3
0.2
.2
RUBBER PRODUCTS.........................
3.1
1.5
3.1
4.5
3.4
2.0
3.0
4.8
2.8
1.9
2*8
3.7
2.7
2.0
3.8
3.1
1.2
.4
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.2
2.9
2.0
.3
.1
.4
.4
•2
el
.2
.3
1.2
1.3
.5
1.2
.5
.5
.4
.5
.2
.1
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS............
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.7
3.2
3.8
4*1
2.7
4.3
4.9
4.0
5.1
2.3
1.1
2.5
3.1
1.4
3.4
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.4
2.1
1.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
•2
.2
2.9
3.8
.9
3.0
2.9
1.7
4.3
4.5
3.9
4.5
3.3
3.9
3.8
1.4
1.2
.7
1.7
1.8
2.2
2.0
.2
2.4
2.3
.2
.1
.2
.2
.4
.2
.3
.2
.3
1.3
1.4
.7
2.1
2.0
1.2
2.0
.3
1.0
1.0
.2
.2
.1
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
Leather:
tanned,
curried,
and
finished..
a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s ...............
4.1
3.2
4.1
1*8
2*8
3.1
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES................
2.6
2.6
2.2
3.1
1.0
2.0
.2
.2
.7
.7
.2
.3
1.7
3.6
3.1
4.4
3.8
1.6
4.0
4.0
5.2
3.5
1 .7
3.0
2.9
2.5
3.2
2.7
3.8
3.3
4.4
4.1
.8
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.7
2.1
2.1
1.9
2.4
.1
.4
.4
.3
.4
.1
.4
.4
.3
.5
.6
.8
.8
.7
.9
.3
1.1
.9
2.0
.9
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2
.3
2.k
3.0
2*4
4.2
1.7
3.0
.3
.3
.1
.7
.3
.2
1.5
6.5
1.0
6.7
3.2
4*2
2.0
3.9
.6
2.3
1.0
2.5
.1
.6
.1
.4
2.3
.8
.7
•9
.2
.4
•3
.3
5.4
5.1
2*6
3.0
1.1
1.9
.4
.3
.9
.6
.2
.2
4.3
4*6
5.7
4.7
3.6
3.0
3.3
3.9
1.7
1.9
1.0
2.0
2.1
2.6
.4
.3
.2
.3
.4
1.5
.6
.3
.5
.7
1.5
.8
.6
.9
.8
.2
2.4
.3
.3
.1
.3
*3
el
el
.2
.1
.3
.2
.1
.2
.3
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS.........
Pottery
Blast
furnaces,
steel works,
and rolling
I r o n a n d s t e e l f o u n d r i e s .....................
G r a y - i r o n f o u n d r i e s ...........................
M a l l e a b l e - i r o n f o u n d r i e s ....................
S t e e l f o u n d r i e s ................................
Pri m a r y smelting and refining of
nonferrous metals:
P r i m a r y s m e l t i n g a n d r e f i n i n g o f copper,
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of
nonferrous metals:
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of
c o p p e r ............................................
Other
primary metal
industries:
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORD
NANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION
EQUIPMENT).............................
C u t l e r y , h a n d t o o l s , a n d h a r d w a r e ........
C u t l e r y a n d e d g e t o o l s .......................
H a n d t o o l s ........................................
H a r d w a r e .............................. ............
H e a t i n g a p p a ratus (except electric) and
p l u m b e r s ' s u p p l i e s ............................
S a n i t a r y ware and plumbers' supplies...
O il b u r ners, n o n e l e c t r i c h e a t i n g and
cooking apparatus, not elsewhere
Fabricated structural metal products....
Metal stamping, coating, and engraving..
3.1
6.5
4.0
3.0
5.4
3.7
2*9
1.7
3.0
3.1
3.1
2.4
3*4
2.4
4.4
5.5
3.7
3.9
1.8
2.1
1.6
.4
.5
.4
.3
2.1
3.1
1.0
1.7
.2
.2
.2
•3
3.3
3.1
7.7
3.9
4.7
9.5
4.0
3*8
4.4
3.6
4.6
5.5
1.7
1.6
2.1
2.4
2.8
2.4
*4
.3
.4
.4
.3
.4
1.7
1.8
1.6
.7
1.2
2.3
.2
el
•2
•2
.2
.4
2.k
2.2
2.0
S e e footnotes at end of table.
J5-
la b o r Turnover
Table B-2: M o n th ly la b o r turnover rates in selected in d u strie s-C o n tin u e d
(Per 100 employees)
Industry
MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL).....................
Engines and t u r b i n e s ........................
A g r i c u l t u r a l m a c h i n e r y and t r a c t o r s ......
Cons t r u c t i o n and m ining m a c h i n e r y ........
Metalworking m a c h i n e r y (except machine
S p e c i a l - i n d u s t r y m a c h i n e r y (except metal
working m a c h i n e r y ) .........................
Gene r a l industrial m a c h i n e r y ..............
Office and store machines and de v i c e s . . . .
S e r v i c e - i n d u s t r y and household machines..
ELECTRICAL MACHINERY......................................
E l e c t r i c a l generating, transmission,
d i s tribution, and industrial apparatus..
C o m m u n i c a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ....................
Radios, phonographs, television sets,
Telephone, telegraph, and related
e q u i p m e n t ...................................
El e c t r i c a l appliances, lamps, and miscel
laneous p r o d u c t s ............................
Total
S epara t i o n rate
accession
M i s e . , incl.
Total
Discharge
Quit
Layoff
rate
military
Oct • Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept.
1956 1956 1956 1956 I 956 1956 _ 1956 19?6 19^56 1956 1956 1956
3.0
1.0
3.O 2.8 3.9 1.3 2.0 0.3
0.2
0.3
1.3
0.3
2.6
.2
1.8
.4
3.0
1.2
3.0 2.2
.2
.3
.7
•3
.2
.2
3.O 5.4 4.8 1.0 1.8
2.2
.4
.6
3.1
3.7
2.8 2.1
.4
3.2
.2
.2
.4
2.7
.3
I .3 2.3
.3
2.8
.2
2.1
.4
.2
.2
2.3
2.5 2.1
.3
1.3
.3
.2
2.4
.2
.2
.2
.2
2.3
1.7 2.7 1.1 2.0
.3
1.8
2.8
I .9
3.3
2.0
2.9
2.8
3.1
1.2
I .5
2.0
2.4
.2
•3
.2
.2
.4
•9
•3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
2.2
3.3
3.3
4-5
2.8
2.7
3.2
3.4
4.3
2.9
2.4
4.6
2.5
3.0
3.5
2.4
9.8
3.0
1.3
1.5
•9
1.2
I .3
2.0
2.3
1.9
1.8
1.9
•3
.4
.1
.3
•3
.3
.3
.1
.2
.3
.6
•7
.1
.7
•5
.6
.1
7.4
.6
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.4
.2
4.2
4.9
3.7
4.0
2.1
2.9
.3
.3
1.0
.5
.2
•3
(i/)
3.2 2.5
5.9 Ci/)
3.4
4.5
1.4
Ci/)
2.4
3.4
.2
( i /)
.2
.3
.7
C i/)
.2
•5
.4 Ci/)
.2
•3
6.0
7.3
4.6
4.9
2.9
3.5
.5
.4
.9
.7
.4
•3
Ci/)
3.7 Ci/)
3.9
( i/)
3.2
(i/)
.2
Ci/)
.1
C i/)
.3
3.5
3.8
4.1
1.7
2.4
.3
.3
2.1
1.1
.2
.3
2.2
.3
1.2
.3
.2
2.7
.2
2.9
.2
2.3
2.1 ( i / )
.4
3.O
3.6 Ci/)
1.0
•9 Ci/)
1.0
.2
.6
5.6
.2
.1
.2
.1
.2
.2
•5
.3
.2
(2 /)
.3
1.8
3.5
1.6
5.2
.2
1.5
.1
.2
•3 5.8
Ci/) (2 /)
2.0
I .5
8.2
Ci/)
4.7
Ci/)
5 .O
Ci/)
2.6
4.5
1.4
.3
.2
•3
.2
.2
.2
(i/)
.1
Ci/)
(i/)
Ci/)
.2
.1
.3
.5
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.4
.4
1.0
.1
.1
2.7
1.3
4.3
6.1 6.2 3.8 6.2 1.5
7.8 3.7 7.1 1.5
7.5
4.0 2.0
3.6
1.4
4.5
3.8
4.0 1.8
1.4
A i r c r a f t .....................................
3.3
4.1
1.2
A i r c r a f t engines and p a r t s ...............
2.9
1.9
8.5
4.2 Ci/)
A i r c r a f t propel l e r s and p a r t s ............ ( i / )
2.5 ( i / )
Other aircraft parts and e q u i p m e n t ...... 5.1
4.2
1.8
5.1
>
,
3
S h i p and boat building and r e p a i r i n g ..... a / ) 11-3
12.5 Ci/)
R a i l r o a d e q u i p m e n t . ¿j/......................
7.3
6.3
1/
6.8 Ci/)
Lo c o m o t i v e s and parts. ¿ / . .................
i / ) 2.4
R a i l r o a d and street c a r s .................. 4.0 10.1
4.1 5.9 1.1
O ther t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ............ 4.4
7.4
5.9 6.6 3.8
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT..............................
A u t o m o b i l e s ...................................
.5
2.9
2.8
1.2
1.5
3.6
3.2
1.5
4.6
3.5
2.7
3.5
2.9
2.4
3.0
1.9
3.3
3.2
1.7
3.1
1.0
1.4
1.4
2.4
2.4
.2
.1
.2
•3
.2
.1
.4
.2
.6
.2
1.5
.6
.4
.2
.4
.4
.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.... 5.0
5.5
3.4
5.8
2.1
5.0
3.0
2.9
1.6
2.2
3.3
.6
.2
.4
.2
2.1
•3
1.2
.2
.1
.3
.2
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS................
Photographic a p p a r a t u s .....................
Watches and c l o c k s ..........................
P rof e s s i o n a l and scientific instruments..
Jewelry,
silverware,
and plated w a r e .....
See footnotes at end of table.
26
3.1
2.3
.5
Labor Turnover
T ab le B-2: M o n th ly la b o r turnover rates in selected in d u strie s-C o n tin u e d
(Per 100 employees)
Industry
Total
Se paration rate
accession
Misc., incl.
Total
Quit
Discharge
Layoff
milit a r y
rate
Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept. Oct. Sept.
1956 19^6 1956 19^6 I??6 I??6 1956 1956 I 956 1956 1956 1956
NOHMAHUFACTURIMG:
METAL MINING..................................................
6.2
1.1
(1 /)
2.2
4.0
1.3
4.8
4.8
ANTHRACITE MINING.........................................
1.6
B ITUMINOUS-COAL MINING................................
5.7
2.9
1.4
4.5
2.9
4.5
4.6
( 2/ )
(i/)
.3
0.4
.1
.3
.3
0.7
2.0
( i /)
.2
0.1
(2 /)
.2
.2
2.1
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.2
1.1
( 2/ )
(2 /)
•%
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.0
.6
.7
( 2/)
(2 /)
.3
(±/>
<i/>
1.9
1.8
(i/)
(1 /)
3.2
2.6
2.5
1.8
(V)
Cl/)
.1
.1
a/)
Ci/)
COMMUNICATION:
3.9
.7
0.5
5.3
3.4
5.3
5.2
a/)
an
(i/)
0.6
.2
.1
0.3
.4
.3
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.5
<i/>
(i/)
.1
•3
.4
(i/)
1/ Bat arailabXe.
2/ Less than 0.05»
3/ Carpets, rags, other floor coverings - August 1956 data are: 3*4, 4.7, 1.8, 0.5 9 2.1,and 0.2, respectively.
Xj Aailroad emkprncnt - Ally
date are ? 2.4, 8*7, 0.5* 0.1, 7*43and 0.6; August 1956 data are: 5*2, 9*6,
0.7* 0.4, Y*9> «ni 0.7; respectively.
2/ Locomotives and parts - Jfcly 1956 data are: 1.4, 6.4, 0.3, 0.1, 4.8, and 1.2; August 1956 data are: 3*7#
8.3, 0.4, less than 0.0$, 6.5, and 1.4, respectively.
6/ Bata relate to domestic employees except messengers and those compensated entirely on a commission basis.
2
Hours and Earnings
Table C-l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers
or nonsupervisory employees
Industry
Average weekly
earnings
O c t.
Se p t.
O c t.
Average weekly
hours
O c t.
Se p t.
O c t.
Average hourly
earnings
O c t.
O c t.
Se p t.
1956
1956
1955
1956
1956
1956
1956
1955
$97.63
97-42
4100. 51*
103.41
41.9
39.6
42.2
$2.33
2.46
2.34
2 .I 3
$2.36
42.2
42.6
41.2
44.0
41.2
2.51
2.36
2.17
$2.28
2.41
2.25
2.08
1955
MINING:
METAL MINING......................................... .
42.8
42.3
100.85
89.89
103.84
89.40
497.58
101.94
98.10
87.78
ANTHRACITE....................................................
94.34
87.88
93-53
35.2
33.8
35.7
2.68
2.60
2.62
BITUMINOUS-COAL...........................................
110.38
106.12
99.86
37.8
37.9
37.4
2.92
2.80
2.67
Petroleum and natural-gas production
( e x c e p t c o n t r a c t s e r v i c e s ) ...............
100.60
107.70
96.35 40.4
42.4
41.0
2.49
2.54
2.35
NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING............
89.57
89.77
84.36 45.7
45.8
45.6
1.96
1.96
1.85
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION....................................
106.86
106.37
98.10 38.3
38.4
37.3
2.79
2.77
2.63
108.28
106.12
42.8
44.4
41.3
41.4
42.5
40.4
2.69
2.53
2.39
2.67
2.40
2.28
110.27
99.36 42.5
96.90 44.2
101.40 41.0
2.55
2.40
c d n s t r u c t i o n ...........
108.38
106.08
110.29
B U IL D IN G C O N ST R U C T IO N ....................................
106.59
106.22
98.01 37.4
37.4
36.3
2.85
2.84
2.70
GENERAL CONTRACTORS.................................... 100.07
99.06
91.55 37.2
37.1
35.9
2.69
2.67
2.55
SPECIAL-TRADE CONTRACTORS......................... 111.38
115.41
P a i n t i n g a n d d e c o r a t i n g ..................... 104.04
111.30
115.03
103.24
131.78
37.6
2.97
2.99
2.89
3.28
2.91
2 . 8O
2.83
35.6
40.3
37.1
36.7
38.5
35.0
39.9
35.6
2.96
2.98
2.90
107.22
102.76 37.5
IO8.96 38.6
97.30 36.O
121.30 39.8
97.54 36.9
3.27
2.89
2.78
3.04
2.74
43.1
43.6
CRUDE-PETROLEUM AND NATURAL-GAS
PRODUCTION:
N O N B U ILD IN G
CO N ST R U C T IO N ..............................
Other nonbuilding
38.6
2.51
E l e c t r i c a l w o r k ................................
O t h e r s p e c i a l - t r a d e c o n t r a c t o r s ..........
130.54
107.38
MANUFACTURING.............. ...................................
82.21
81.40
78.50 40.7
40.7
41.1
2.02
2.00
1.91
89.23
86.60
85.07 41.5
69.32 39.8
41.4
39.8
41.7
40.3
2.14
72.44
2 .I 5
72.83
1.83
1.82
2.04
I .72
ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES...........................
95.^0
93.88
85.28 42.4
42.1
41.0
2.25
2.23
2.08
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS.........................
76.22
87.36
91.7é
83. 1*
74.87
75.08
78.12
65.53
50.9*
76.80
73-22 41.2
87.74 41.6
92.45 41.9
83.78 40.7
72.24 42.3
73-64 42.9
75.83 42.0
59.05 40.7
42.2
42.8
41.6
42.8
I .85
2.10
2.I 9
2 .O5
1.77
1.75
1.86
I .61
I .67
1.64
1.88
1.82
2.09
2.17
2 .O6
1.76
2.05
1.97
2.00
1.77
I .83
I .87
1.66
DURABLE GOODS...................................................
NONDURABLE GOODS..............................................
M e a t p a c k i n g , w h o l e s a l e ...................
S a u s a g e s a n d c a s i n g s ........................
D a i r y p r o d u c t s .................................
C o n d e n s e d a n d e v a p o r a t e d m i l k ...........
S e a f o o d , c a n n e d a n d c u r e d ...............
C a n n e d fruits, v e g e t a b l e s , and soups..
Flour
and other
grain-mill
products...
B a k e r y p r o d u c t s ................................
28
70.19
82.91
89. 2*
78.68
74.M3
76.30
67.23
89.45
93.74
86.31
75-93
78.59
79.42
67.35
48.84
71.39
83.73
91.80
78.94
74.85
76.30
68.72
50.62 30.5
61.61 42.8
79.21 44.1
89.36 45.3
74.09 44.2
71.3^ 40.7
72.92 40.8
64.64 40.5
43.2
41.9
42.9
44.4
42.7
42.9
28.9
44.9
44.3
45.9
44.6
40.9
40.8
41.4
43.2
42.1
43.O
44.9
42.6
39-9
34.2
40.8
44.5
46.3
44.9
41.0
41.2
40.4
1.78
1.83
1.87
1.66
2.14
1.99
1.77
1.77
1.86
1.57
1.68
1.64
1.59
1.51
1.78
1.93
1.65
1.74
1.69
1.89
1.78
1.48
1.48
1.77
1.60
Hours and Earnings
Table C -l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers
or nonsupervisory employees - Continued
Average weekly
earnings
Industry
Oct.
1956
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS - Continued
B e e t s u g a r .........................................
C o n f e c t i o n e r y a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s ........
B e v e r a g e s ...........................................
M a l t l i q u o r s ......................................
Distilled, rectified, and blended
M i s c e l l a n e o u s f o o d p r o d u c t s ..................
C o r n s i r u p , s u g a r , o i l , a n d s t a r c h .......
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES.....................
Tobacco
stemming
a n d r e d r y i n g ...............
TEXT1LE-MILL PRODUCTS....................
Scouring
Cotton,
and combing
silk,
p l a n t s ..................
synthetic
f i b e r ..............
W o o l e n a n d w o r s t e d .............................
N a r r o w f a b r i c s a n d s m a l l w a r e s ...............
Dyeing
and
finishing
textiles
(except
C a r p e t s , r u g s , o t h e r f l o o r c o v e r i n g s ......
W o o l c a r p e t s , r u g s , a n d c a r p e t y a r n ......
H a t s ( e x c e p t c l o t h a n d m i l l i n e r y ) ..........
Pelt
goods
(except
woven felts
r
Average hourly
earnings
Oct.
IQS «5
Oct.
1956
Sept.
1956
Oct.
1955
Oct.
1956
Sept.
1956
Oct.
1955
478.57
93.73
71-90
63-^9
61.41
85.36
63.74
101.01
484.00
92.22
77.60
64.12
62.73
85.39
65-35
102.31
476.08
99.42
63.43
60.53
58.90
82.00
61.95
96.72
42.7
43.8
42.8
40.7
40.4
39.7
40.6
38.7
42.0
43.5
40.0
41.1
41.0
39.9
41.1
39.5
42.5
47.8
39.4
40.9
40.9
40.0
41.3
39.0
$1.84
2.14
$2.00
$1.79
2.12
1.68
1.56
1.94
2.08
1.61
86.62
74.57
93.29
69.44
80.05
74.75
89.62
69.76
81.18
70.90
87.33
67.50
40.1
41.2
42.6
43.4
38.3
41.3
41.3
43.6
39.6
42.2
42.6
45.3
2.16
1.81
2.19
1.60
2.17
5^.25
69.95
49.41
58.13
46.06
56.03
71.98
48.77
58.28
49.70
51.09
67.56
45.84
55-86
43.17
39.6
40.2
38.3
37.5
40.4
40.9
40.9
41.2
40.7
1.37
1.74
38.1
38.2
38.0
59.60
67.24
53.98
53.98
53-93
58.46
57.51
60.25
56.84
65.92
59.25
54.77
59-21
60.19
59-1*
48.99
51.87
48.73
58.20
49.3^
69.14
56.99
66.33
51.72
51.72
53-70
5^-51
53.45
57-75
52.40
64.84
59-05
53-68
57.83
59-98
56.92
46.70
51.60
46.18
56.83
50.94
64.06
57-53
62.24
51.22
51.35
53-20
56.44
55-49
58.03
54.93
63.95
57.06
53.19
58.26
57-13
58.95
45-93
49.08
45.31
56.06
49.88
67.67
40.0
41.0
39.4
39.4
39.3
41.2
69.30
76.49
75.62
53.46
70.45
63.80
75.89
76.18
56.91
69.12
,67.67
•76.72
73-74
54.48
67.88
42.0
41.8
4l.l
41.2
40.9
41.7
41.4
34.7
40.9
79-79
68.11
73.27
55-22
75.66
67.86
72.56
53-33
77.11
64.62
74.02
52.03
42.9
38.7
42.6
40.6
41.8
39.0
41.7
40.4
42.6
39.4
93.28
57.09
89.89
57.82
89.70
54.85
45.5
39.1
44.5
39.6
46.0
38.9
2.05
and
P a d d i n g s a n d u p h o l s t e r y f i l l i n g ...........
Proc e s s e d waste and r ecovered fibers....
A r t i f i c i a l leather, oilcloth, and
Sept.
1956
Average weekly
hours
38.8
40.6
40.5
39.9
40.6
41.2
39.5
38.3
38.7
39.6
38.4
37.4
39.0
37.2
38.8
37.1
41.9
32.8
37.6
43.6
38.6
38.6
39.2
39.5
39.3
38.5
39.4
41.3
39.9
37.8
37.8
39.2
37.2
36.2
38.8
35.8
38.4
38.3
40.8
44.5
40.8
39.9
39.4
39.5
40.0
41.2
41.1
40.3
41.3
41.8
39-9
39.4
39.1
38.6
39.3
38.6
39.9
38.4
39.2
39.9
43.1
43.1
1.52
2.15
1.57
2.61
1.29
1.55
1.14
1.49
1.64
1.37
1.37
1.39
1.44
1.42
1.51
1.40
1.60
1.50
1.43
1.53
1.52
1.54
1.31
1.33
1.31
1.50
1.33
1.65
1.56
1.53
2.14
1.59
2.59
1.48
1.44
2.05
1.50
2.48
1.81
2.05
1.68
1.60
2.05
1.49
1.37
1.76
1.66
2.09
1.24
1.28
1.20
1.55
1.14
1.47
.97
1.45
1.41
1.56
1.61
1.34
1.34
1.37
1.38
1.36
1.50
1.33
1.57
1.48
1.42
1.53
1-53
1-53
1.29
1.33
1.29
1.48
1.33
1.57
1.30
1.30
1.33
1.37
1.35
1.44
1.33
1.53
1.43
1.35
1.49
1.48
1.50
1-19
1.23
1.18
1.43
1.25
1.57
1.65
1.83
1.84
1.63
I .71
1.56
1.82
1.84
1.64
1.57
1.78
1.76
1.57
1.69
1.62
43.8
1.86
1.76
1.72
42.3
1.36
l.8l
1.74
1.74
1.32
1.64
I .69
1.23
2.02
1.46
1.95
l.4l
43.1
41.9
34.7
41.9
1.46
1.81
29
Table C-l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers
or nonsupervisory employees - Continued
Industry
Shirts, collars, and nightwear........
Separate trousers.....................
Women's, children's under garments......
Underwear and nightwear, except corsets.
Corsets and allied garments...........
Miscellaneous apparel and accessories....
Other fabricated textile products.......
Curtains, draperies, and other housefurnishings..........................
Textile bags..........................
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT
FURNITURE).............................
Logging camps and contractors..........
Sawmills and planing mills, general....
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES..................
Wood household furniture, except
Wood household furniture, upholstered...
Mattresses and bedsprings..............
Office, public-building, and professional
furniture.............................
Partitions, shelving, lockers, and
$52.92
64.97
$50.59
60.56
36.5
36.3
36.0
36.5
37-2 *1.48
36.7 1.79
$1.47
1.78
$1.36
I .65
46.61
48.26
46.34
41.17
55-84
56.03
45.21
69.42
50.36
48.76
52.70
68.43
49.45
52.16
55.44
46.12
47.87
45.09
40.93
54.92
54.76
43.56
68.13
49.31
47.62
52.13
66.61
48.33
51.24
54.10
43.66
44.51
43.38
39.00
53.00
54.25
41.78
62.21
47.50
45.43
50.46
61.60
45.51
47.24
55.48
36.7
37.7
36.2
35.8
34.9
34.8
35.6
33-7
37-3
37-8
36.6
39.1
36.9
37-8
38.5
36.6
37-4
35.5
35-9
33.9
33.8
34.3
32.6
36.8
37.2
36.2
38.5
35-8
37-4
38.1
38.3
38.7
37.4
39.8
35.1
35.0
37.3
31.9
38.0
38.5
37.1
38.5
36.7
38.1
40.2
I .27
1.28
1.28
1.15
1.60
1.61
1.27
2.06
1.35
1.29
1.44
1.75
1.34
1.38
1.44
1.26
1.28
1.27
1.14
1.62
1.62
1.27
2.09
1.34
1.28
1.44
1.73
1.35
1.37
1.42
1.14
1.15
1.16
.98
1.51
1.55
1.12
1.95
1.25
1.18
1.36
1.60
1.24
1.24
1.38
49-79
58.65
56.84
48.64
59.05
54.81
49.17
56.14
53.41
38.6
39-9
39-2
38.0
39.9
38.6
40.3
40.1
38.7
I .29
1.47
1.45
1.28
1.48
1.42
1.22
1.40
1.38
73.03
84.22
73.71
74.12
50.04
92.20
74.44
86.50
74.52
74.93
50.52
92.90
71.10
78.36
71.80
72.21
48.18
90.06
40.8
41.9
40.5
40.5
41.7
39.4
40.9
42.4
40.5
40.5
42.1
39.2
41.1
38.6
41.5
41.5
44.2
39-5
1.79
2.01
1.82
1.83
1.20
2.34
1.82
2.04
1.84
1.85
1.20
2.37
1.73
2.03
1.73
1.74
1.09
2.28
73.75
73.89
73.49
58.65
57.95
61.39
74.74
74.70
74.85
57.92
57-94
61.57
74.23
74.16
77.76
54.63
55.15
58.38
40.3
40.6
40.6
41.3
41.1
41.2
40.4
40.6
40.9
40.5
40.8
41.6
41.7
41.9
43.2
41.7
42.1
41.7
1.83
1.82
1.81
1.42
1.41
1.49
1.85
1.84
I .83
1.43
1.42
1.48
1.78
1.77
1.80
1.31
1.31
1.40
71.55
67.97
70.62
67.48
69.96
67.47
41.6
41.7
41.3
41.4
42.4
42.7
1.72
1.63
1.71
1.63
1.65
1.58
61.48
75-53
75-33
60.61
74.80
77.19
60.76
74.03
74.46
42.4
41.5
40.5
41.8
41.1
41.5
43.4
42.3
41.6
1.45
1.82
1.86
1.45
1.82
1.86
1.40
1.75
1.79
81.06
70.46
89.87
77-30
71.31
80.94
77-41
67.20
85.67
42.0
42.7
41.8
40.9
42.7
39.1
42.3
42.8
42.2
1.93
1.65
2.15
1.89
1.67
2.07
1.83
1.57
2.03
88.20
87.15
84.65
41.8
41.5
41.7
2.11
2.10
2.03
66.07
66.90
65.76
39.8
40.3
41.1
1.66
1.66
1.60
Screens, blinds, and miscellaneous furni-
Average hourly
earnings
Oct.
Sept.
1956
1956
$54.02
6*. 96
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
Wooden boxes, other than cigar.........
Miscellaneous wood products.............
Average weekly
hours
Sept. Oct.
Oct.
1956 1956 1955
•m
APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE
PRODUCTS...............................
Men's and boys' suits and coats.........
Men's and boys' furnishings and work
Average weekly
earnings
Oct.
Sept.
Oct.
__ 1956 l 1956
1955
Table C-lt Hours and gross earnings of production workers
or nonsupervisory employees • Continued
Industry
Average weekly
earnings
Oct.
1956
$85.14
93 .49
78.86
78.63
81.56
73-98
Sept.
Average weekly
hours
Oct.
Oct.
Sept.
Oct.
Average hourly
earnings
Oct.
Sept.
Oct.
1956
43.0
44.1
42.4
42.5
40.5
41.3
1955
43.5
44.6
43.5
43.6
41.6
41.3
1956
$1.98
2.12
1.86
1.85
1.97
1.80
*1.97
2.11
1.86
1.85
1.96
1.79
1955
$1.87
1.98
1.79
1.78
1.93
1.70
39.2
36.5
40.8
41.0
40.7
40.5
39.2
39.7
39.0
35.8
40.8
40.7
40.6
40.7
37.8
39.3
39.1
36.6
41.0
40.4
40.1
40.8
38.6
40.0
2.45
2.80
2.53
2.08
2.35
2.39
1.61
1.85
2.46
2.80
2.51
2.09
2.36
2.42
1.59
1.85
2.37
2.70
2.42
2.01
2.27
2.30
1.47
1.76
110.09
38.8
39.2
39.6
2.78
2.83
2.78
88.18
97.88
95.94
94.12
95.91
104.90
79.19
89.57
79.17
83.42
90.54
89.95
88.13
90.74
98.83
74.84
83.42
76.67
41.2
40.9
40.8
40.8
42.1
41.9
39.9
40.3
40.5
41.4
41.3
41.0
41.1
41.7
41.3
40.2
40.9
40.6
41.5
40.6
40.7
40.8
42.6
41.7
39.6
40.3
41.0
2.12
2.36
2.33
2.28
2.28
2.55
1.96
2.18
1.96
2.13
2.37
2.34
2.29
2.30
2.54
1.97
2.19
1.95
2.01
2.23
2.21
2.16
2.13
2.37
1.89
2.07
1.87
90.86
99.29
88.19
91.10
99-12
87.78
87.57
95.58
85.22
41.3
41.2
41.6
41.6
41.3
41.6
41.5
41.2
42.4
2.20
2.41
2.12
2.19
2.40
2.11
2.11
2.32
2.01
85.90
76.72
65.77
76.28
70.89
85.12
78.99
66.36
91.10
77.15
67.82
75.14
67.89
85.81
79.58
66.13
92.23
83.36
70.05
64.57
71.10
66.10
81.63
76.86
63.83
88.80
41.7
43.1
40.6
46.8
47.9
44.8
40.3
39.5
41.6
41.5
43.1
41.1
46.1
46.5
45.4
40.6
38.9
42.5
42.1
42.2
42.2
47.4
48.6
45.1
4l.l
39.4
42.9
2.06
1.78
1.62
1.63
1.48
1.90
1.96
1.68
2.19
2.06
1.79
1.65
1.63
1.46
1.89
1.96
1.70
2.17
1.98
1.66
1.53
1.50
1.36
1.81
1.87
1.62
2.07
PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL........... i05.ll
P e t r o l e u m r e f i n i n g ............................... 108.81
94.28
Coke, o t h e r p e t r o l e u m and coa l p r o d ucts..
106.00
111.7»
96.48
99.84
103.09
89.46
40.9
40.6
41.9
41.7
41.4
42.5
41.6
41.4
42.2
2.57
2.68
2.25
2.59
2.70
2.27
2.40
2.49
2.12
RUBBER PRODUCTS..........................
90.17
102.91
71.71
82.78
89.51
102.51
71.71
81.18
89.04
103.74
69.20
80.56
40.8
40.2
39.4
41.6
40.5
40.2
39.4
41.0
42.0
42.0
40.0
42.4
2.21
2.56
1.82
1.99
2.21
2.55
1.82
1.98
2.12
2.47
1.73
1.90
55.94
75.45
74.70
53.07
52.12
55.7*
75.03
73.31
53.07
52.56
53.39
73-57
74.38
50.78
36.8
39.5
40.6
36.6
35.7
36.9
39.7
40.5
36.6
36.0
37.6
40.2
42.5
36.8
36.6
1.52
1.91
1.84
1.45
1.46
1.51
1.89
1.81
1.45
1.46
1.42
I .83
1.75
1.38
1.35
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS................
Pulp,
paper,
a n d p a p e r b o a r d m i l l s ..........
F i b e r c a n s , t u b e s , a n d d r u m s .................
O t h e r p a p e r a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s .............
PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED
INDUSTRIES...... .......................
B o o k b i n d i n g a n d r e l a t e d i n d u s t r i e s ........
Miscel l a n e o u s publishing and printing
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS............
Industrial
Plastics,
Soap,
o r g a n i c c h e m i c a l s .................
e x c e p t s y n t h e t i c r u b b e r ........
cleaning
1956
$84.71
93.05
78.86
78.63
79.38
73-93
1951
$81.35
88.31
77.87
77.61
80.29
70.21
1956
43.0
44.1
42.4
42.5
41.4
41.1
96.04
102.20
103.22
85.28
95.65
96.80
63.ll
73.**5
95.94
100.24
102.41
85.06
95.82
98.49
60.10
72.71
92.67
98.82
99.22
81.20
91.03
93.84
56.74
70.40
107.86
110.94
87.34
96.52
95.06
93.02
95-99
106.85
78.20
87.85
79.38
and polishing
P a i n t s , p i g m e n t s , a n d f i l l e r s . . . ...........
Paints, varnishes, lacquers, and
F e r t i l i z e r s .........................................
V e g e t a b l e a n d a n i m a l o i l s a n d f a t s ........
V e g e t a b l e o i l s ...................................
M i s c e l l a n e o u s c h e m i c a l s ........................
E s s e n t i a l o i l s , p e r f u m e s , c o s m e t i c s ......
T i r e s a n d i n n e r t u b e s ...........................
R u b b e r f o o t w e a r ...................................
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS.............
Leather: tanned, curried, and finished...
Industrial leather belting and packing...
1956
Hours and Earnings
Table C-l: Hours nnd gross earnings of production workers
or nonsupervisory employees - Continued
Industry
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS - Continued
Luggage................................
Handbags and small leather goods........
Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods...
Average weekly
earnings
Oct.
Sept.
Oct.
1956
1956
19«
Average weekly
hours
Sept. Oct.
Oct.
l<»6 19?6
1955
Average hourly
earning s
Sept. Oct.
Oct.
1956
1956
1955
$64.31
53.38
50.90
$64.32
51.61
49.58
$65.44
51.09
47.63
39.7
38.4
37.7
40.2
37.4
37.0
40.9 $1.62
39.0 1.39
37.8 1.35
$1.60
1.38
1.34
$1.60
1.31
1.26
81.97
112.06
83.64
83.44
84.25
70.82
86.32
74.44
70.47
73.60
76.45
81.14
72.20
81.80
80.08
72.49
80.97
111.38
75-72
73.34
79.00
69.02
90.53
74.62
71.40
74.74
76.41
79-31
72.00
82.98
81.07
70.28
78.77
116.03
75.98
76.38
75.39
68.79
79.68
72.31
70.20
70.31
72.63
78.99
68.29
79.47
76.39
70.03
41.4
41.2
40.8
40.7
40.9
1*0.7
41.3
40.9
41.7
40.0
41.1
39.2
38.0
44.7
45.5
41.9
41.1
40.8
37.3
35.6
39.9
40.6
42.5
41.0
42.0
40.4
41.3
38.5
38.3
45.1
45.8
41.1
41.9
42.5
40.2
40.2
40.1
42.2
41.5
41.8
43.6
39-5
41.5
39.3
38.8
1+4.9
45.2
42.7
1.98
2.72
2.05
2.05
2.06
1.74
2.09
1.82
I .69
1.84
1.86
2.07
1.90
1.83
1.76
1.73
1.97
2.73
2.03
2.06
1.98
1.70
2.13
1.82
1.70
1.85
1.85
2.06
1.88
1.84
1.77
1.71
1.88
2.73
1.89
1.90
1.88
1.63
1.92
1.73
1 .6l
1.78
1.75
2.01
1.76
1.77
1.69
1.64
83.84
91.14
87.78
84.50
83.85
85.57
88.40
87.02
84.00
91.14
88.27
86.63
40.5
39.8
42.2
36.9
40.9
38.2
42.5
38.0
42.0
42.0
43.7
38.5
2.07
2.29
2.08
2.29
2.05
2.24
2.08
2.29
2.00
2.17
2.02
2.25
98.74
100.12
96.10
40.8
41.2
41.6
2.42
2.43
2.31
104.49
107.53
99.06
40.5
41.2
40.6
2.58
2.61
2.44
104.90
90.63
87.53
84.44
86.09
96.64
107.94
89.15
87.54
84.25
86.50
95.99
99.47
87.72
88.40
87.96
82.82
93.51
40.5
40.1
40.9
40.4
40.8
42.2
41.2
39.8
41.1
40.7
40.8
42.1
40.6
40.8
42.5
42.7
41.0
42.7
2.59
2.26
2.14
2.09
2.11
2.29
2.62
2.24
2.13
2.07
2.12
2.28
2.45
2.15
2.08
2.06
2.02
2.19
93.94
94.85
88.99
41.2
41.6
41.2
2.28
2.28
2.16
90.47
99.38
93.26
99.06
85.70
93.32
41.5
40.4
42.2
40.6
41.4
40.4
2.18
2.46
2.21
2.44
2.07
2.31
87.15
86.74
85.97
41.9
41.7
43.2
2.08
2.08
1.99
93.02
94.58
94.61
40.8
41.3
43.2
2.28
2.29
2.19
91.13
94.02
99.22
40.5
41.6
45.1
2.25
2.26
2.20
94.42
91.88
Miscellaneous primary metal industries... 100.02
Iron and steel forgings................ 109.48
97.39
Welded and heavy-riveted pipe.......... 91.80
94.83
91.91
98.71
104.08
96.56
95.00
90.64
91.14
101.72
106.21
99.39
94.81
40.7
41.2
41.5
42.6
41.8
39.4
40.7
41.4
41.3
41.3
41.8
40.6
41.2
42.0
43.1
43.0
43.4
41.4
2.32
2.23
2.41
2.57
2.33
2.33
2.33
2.22
2.39
2.52
2.31
2.34
2.20
2.17
2.36
2.47
2.29
2.29
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS..........
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown....
Pressed and blown glass................
Glass products made of purchased glass...
Structural clay products...............
Brick and hollow tile.................
Floor and wall tile...................
Pottery and related products............
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products...
Cut-stone and stone products............
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral
Abrasive products.....................
Nonclay refractories..................
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES................
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills, except electrometallurgical
Electrometallurgical products..........
Malleable-iron foundries...............
Primary smelting and refining of
Primary smelting and refining of
Secondary smelting and refining of
nonferrous metals.....................
Rolling, drawing and alloying of
nonferrous metals.....................
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of
aluminum.............................
32
Hours and Earnings
Table C-l:
Hours and gross earnings of production workers
or nonsupervisory employees - Continued
Average weekly
earnings
Oct.
1956
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORDNANCE,
MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT).
T i n c a n s a n d o t h e r t i n w a r e ....................
C u t l e r y , h a n d t o o l s , a n d h a r d w a r e ..........
C u t l e r y a n d e d g e t o o l s ........................
H a n d t o o l s .........................................
H a r d w a r e ...........................................
H e a t J . ng a p p a r a t u s ( e x c e p t e l e c t r i c ) a n d
p l u m b e r s ' s u p p l i e s .............................
S a n i t a r y w are and p l u m b e r s 1 supplies....
Oi l burn e r s , n o n e l e c t r i c h e a t i n g and
cooking apparatus, not elsewhere
F a b r i c a t e d s t r u c t u r a l m e t a l p r o d u c t s ......
S t r u c t u r a l steel and o r n ame nta l metal
w o r k ................................................
M e t a l doors, sash, frames, molding, and
t r i m ..............................................
B o i l e r - s h o p p r o d u c t s .........................
S h e e t - m e t a l w o r k ...............................
M et a l stamping, coating, and engraving...
V i t r e o u s - e n a m e l e d p r o d u c t s ..................
L i g h t i n g f i x t u r e s ................................
F a b r i c a t e d w i r e p r o d u c t s ......................
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products..
M e t a l s h i p p i n g barrels, drums, kegs,
Steel
s p r i n g s ....................................
Screw-machine
p r o d u c t s .............. .........
MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL)............
E n g i n e s a n d t u r b i n e s ............................
S t e a m engines, turbines, and wate r
w h e e l s .............................................
D i e s e l and other i n t e r n a l - c o m b u s t i o n
e n g i n e s , n o t e l s e w h e r e c l a s s i f i e d .......
T r a c t o r s ...........................................
A g r i c ultural m a c h inery (except
C o n s t r u c t i o n a n d m i n i n g m a c h i n e r y ..........
C o n s t r u c t i o n and m i n i n g m a c h i n e r y ,
e x c e p t f o r o i l f i e l d s ........................
O i l - f i e l d m a c h i n e r y a n d t o o l s ..............
M a c h i n e t o o l s ....................................
M e talworking m a c h inery (except machine
M a c h i n e - t o o l a c c e s s o r i e s .....................
S p e c ial-industry machinery (except metalFood-products
m a c h i n e r y ......................
P a p e r - i n d u s t r i e s m a c h i n e r y ..................
P rinting-trades m a c h inery and equipment.
Sept.
Average weekly
hours
Oct.
1955
Average hourly
earnings
Oct. Sept.
1956 1956
Oct.
1955
TJcl
1956
SB*
Oct.
1955
W 9.03 $87.99
93.83 94.81
86.7* 85.08
73.71 73.26
85.08 84.26
91.58 88.83
$85.67
89.04
82.74
72.07
82.39
85.87
41.8
41.7
41.7
40.5
41.1
42.4
41.7
42.9
41.5
40.7
41.1
41.9
42.2
42.0
42.0
41.9
41.4
42.3
$2.13
2.25
2.08
1.82
2.07
2.16
$2.11
2.21
2.05
1.80
2.05
2.12
$2.03
2.12
1.97
1.72
1.99
2.03
83.22
83.67
82.42
84.14
81.77
86.72
40.4
39.1
40.4
39.5
41.3
41.1
2.06
2.14
2.04
2.13
1.98
2.11
83.03
90.71
82.01
90.07
79.90
86.94
40.9
41.8
40.8
41.7
41.4
42.0
2.03
2.17
2.01
2.16
1.93
2.07
89.66
89.21
87.77
41.7
41.3
42.4
2.15
2.16
2.07
86.65
91.12
93.51
93- 9*
71.05
98.72
80.95
84.22
87.78
87.54
90.07
93.29
91.98
71.81
96.25
78.34
82.59
87.36
83.03
84.26
90.08
87.14
68.78
89.89
82.71
79-27
87.64
40.3
41.8
42.7
42.7
40.6
43.3
41.3
41.9
41.8
41.1
41.7
42.6
42.0
40.8
42.4
40.8
41.5
42.0
40.7
41.1
43.1
42.3
40.7
42.4
42.2
41.5
43.6
2.15
2.18
2.19
2.20
1.75
2.28
1.96
2.01
2.10
2.13
2.16
2.19
2.19
1.76
2.27
1.92
1.99
2.08
2.04
2.05
2.09
2.06
I .69
2.12
I .96
1.91
2.01
89.93
9*-35
90.31
86.72
94.25
88.44
90.31
85.26
92.18
88.34
93.42
86.19
39.1
41.2
42.2
42.3
40.8
40.2
42.6
42.0
41.9
40.9
44.7
44.2
2.30
2.29
2.14
2.05
2.31
2.20
2.12
2.03
2.20
2.16
2.09
1.95
9*-73
95.65
94.95
96.00
90.10
93.83
42.1
40.7
42.2
41.2
1*2.3
41.7
2.25
2.35
2.25
2.33
2.13
2.25
100.25 101.57
94.80
40.1
41.8
40.0
2.50
2.43
2.37
9*.07
87.30
92.46
94.30
87.47
91-83
93.68
86.48
91.69
40.9
39.5
40.2
41.0
39.4
40.1
42.2
40.6
41.3
2.30
2.21
2.30
2.30
2.22
2.29
2.22
2.13
2.22
80.88
92.40
82.43
92.62
80.60
89.66
38.7
42.0
38.7
42.1
39-9
42.9
2.09
2.20
2.13
2.20
2.02
2.09
91.54 91.98
93-93 93-93
109.03 110.95
108.09 109.02
89.46
90.69
101.22
100.33
41.8
42.5
44.5
n45.8
42.0
42.5
45.1
46.0
42.6
43.6
44.2
45.4
2.19
2.21
2.45
2.36
2.19
2.21
2.46
2.37
2.10
2.08
2.29
2.21
98.21 96.02
115.07 119.08
97.90
102.90
42.7
44.6
42.3
45.8
43.9
43.6
2.30
2.58
2.27
2.60
2.23
2.36
91.38 90.95
89.62 89.64
78.44 78.35
99.68 100.58
105.56 105.16
86.05
86.52
74.52
91.15
97.20
42.7
41.3
41.5
46.8
43.8
42.9
41.5
41.9
47.0
44.0
42.6
42.0
41.4
44.9
43.2
2.14
2.17
I .89
2.13
2.41
2.12
2.16
1.87
2.14
2.39
2.02
2.06
1.80
2.03
2.25
33
Hours and Earnings
Hours and gross earnings of production workers
or nonsupervisory employees - Continued
Average weekly
earnings
Oct.
1956
Sept.
1956
H O
Industry
¡SS
U» •
Table C-l:
Average weekly
hours
Oct. S e p t . Oct.
1956
1956
Average hourly
earnings
Oct.
1956
Sept.
1956
Oct.
1955
1955
MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) - Continued
G e n e r a l i n d u s t r i a l m a c h i n e r y .................
P u m p s , a i r a n d g a s c o m p r e s s o r s ............
C o n v e y o r s a n d c o n v e y i n g e q u i p m e n t ........
B l o w e r s , e x h a u s t and v e n t i l a t i n g fans...
I n d u s t r i a l t r u c k s , t r a c t o r s , e t c ..........
Mechanical power-transmission equipment.
Mechanical stokers and industrial
f u r n a c e s a n d o v e n s ............................
Offi c e and store mach i n e s and devices....
Computing machines and cash registers...
T y p e w r i t e r s .......................................
S e r v i c e - i n d u s t r y and h o u s e h o l d machines..
D o m e s t i c l a u n d r y e q u i p m e n t ..................
C o m m e r c i a l laundry, d r y - c l e a n i n g , and
p r e s s i n g m a c h i n e s .............................
S e w i n g m a c h i n e s .................................
R e f rig era tor s and air -co ndi t i o n i n g
u n i t s ..............................................
M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a c h i n e r y p a r t s ...............
F a b r i c a t e d pipe, fittings, and valves...
B a l l a n d r o l l e r b e a r i n g s .....................
M a c h i n e s h o p s ( j o b a n d r e p a i r ) ............
ELECTRICAL MACHINERY....................
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial apparatus..
W i r i n g d e v i c e s a n d s u p p l i e s .................
C a r b o n and gra p h i t e p r o d u c t s
(e l e c t r i c a l ) ....................................
E l e c t r i c a l indicating, m e a s uring, and
r e c o r d i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ........................
Motors, generators, and motor-generator
s e t s ...............................................
P o w e r a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n t r a n s f o r m e r s .....
Switchgear, switchboard, and industrial
c o n t r o l s ..........................................
E l e c t r i c a l w e l d i n g a p p a r a t u s ...............
E l e c t r i c a l a p p l i a n c e s ..........................
I n s u l a t e d w i r e a n d c a b l e ......................
E l e c t r i c l a m p s ....................................
C o m m u n i c a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ........................
R a d i o s , p h o n o g r a p h s , t e l e v i s i o n sets,
a n d e q u i p m e n t ...................................
R a d i o t u b e s .......................................
T e l e phone, telegraph, and r e l a t e d
e q u i p m e n t ........................................
M i s c e l l a n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l p r o d u c t s ..........
P r i m a r y b a t t e r i e s ( d r y a n d w e t ) ...........
X - r a y and non-radio electronic tubes....
495-22
90.30
101.32
87-99
91.91
97.18
♦95.67
91.58
102.66
87.57
93.24
96.73
$90.74
89.04
91.56
83.00
93.05
96.36
42.7
42.0
43.3
41.7
41.4
43.0
42.9
42.4
43.5
41.9
42.0
42.8
42.6
42.4
42.0
41.5
44.1
43.8
$2.23
2.15
2.34
2.11
2.22
2.26
$2.23
2.16
2.36
2.09
2.22
2.26
$2.13
2.10
2.18
2.00
2.11
2.20
93.24
92.82
100.86
88.13
85.75
92.25
93.26
92.16
100.14
86.10
87.05
92.51
89.68
85.48
92.21
79.93
84.65
89.67
42.0
42.0
42.2
43.2
39.7
41.0
42.2
41.7
41.9
42.0
40.3
41.3
42.5
40.9
40.8
41.2
40.5
41.9
2.22
2.21
2.39
2.04
2.16
2.25
2.21
2.21
2.39
2.05
2.16
2.24
2.11
2.09
2.26
1.94
2.09
2.14
79-77
88.88
81.93
89.10
81.41
84.65
40.7
40.4
41.8 42.4
40.5 40.5
1.96
2.20
1.96
2.20
1.92
2.09
84.20
91.74
91.27
92.38
91.56
86.55
91.10
91.49
89.62
91.57
84.19
88.40
86.32
92.66
87.55
38.8
41.7
41.3
41.8
42.0
39.7
41.6
41.4
41.3
42.2
39.9
42.5
41.7
43.5
42.5
2.17
2.20
2.21
2.21
2.18
2.18
2.19
2.21
2.17
2.17
2.11
2.08
2.07
2.13
2.06
83.64
83.02
79.46
41.2
41.1 41.6
2.03
2.02
1.91
90.06
78.69
90.07
77.11
84.45
74.03
41.5
41.2
41.7 41.6
40.8 40.9
2.17
1.91
2.16
1.89
2.03
1.81
83.42
85.48
80.32
40.3
40.9 41.4
2.07
2.09
1.94
82.01
81.58
75.95
40.6
41.2
40.4
2.02
1.98
1.88
2.28
2.25
2.14
2.07
93.11
97.10
94.39
96.08
88.81
87.35
41.2
42.4
41.4 41.5
42.7 42.2
2.26
2.29
93.91
102.29
84.86
87.90
90.06
74.24
78.12
93.50
102.08
82.41
87.84
87.94
73.60
77.33
86.09
96.55
81.16
81.03
85.49
72.51
75-12
42.3
43.9
40.8
43.3
41.5
39.7
40.9
42.5
44.0
40.2
43.7
40.9
40.0
40.7
42.2
44.7
41.2
43.1
41.3
41.2
41.5
2.22
2.33
2.08
2.03
2.17
1.87
1.91
2.20
2.32
2.05
2.01
2.15
1.84
1.90
2.04
2.16
1.97
1.88
2.07
1.76
1.81
76.07
68.82
74.74
70.00
71.40
70.55
40.9
39.1
40.4 40.8
40.0 41.5
1.86
1.76
1.85
1.75
1.75
1.70
95.89
81.95
94.15
65.11
88.78
95.22
78.55
88.99
64.39
88.15
96.09
78.54
93.05
61.31
82.82
43.0
41.6
42.6
39-7
4l.l
42.7
40.7
41.2
39.5
41.0
44.9
42.0
44.1
39.3
40.6
2.23
1.97
2.21
1.64
2.16
2.23
1.93
2.16
1.63
2.15
2.14
1.87
2.11
1.56
2.04
Hours and Earnings
Table C-l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers
or nonsupervisory employees - Continued
Average weekly
earnings
Oct.
1956
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.................
Motor vehicles,
Trailers
(truck
bodies,
parts,
a n d a u t o m o b i l e ) ...........
L o c o m o t i v e s a n d p a r t s .........................
R a i l r o a d a n d s t r e e t c a r s .....................
O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ..............
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.........
scientific,
Oct.
1955
494.21
98.05
Oct.
1956
42.0
42.1
Sept.
1956
104.66 100.94
83.63 81.80
84.85 84.00
97.71 97.71
97.02 96.60
99.56 99.76
97.81 98.27
99**9 99.72
90.74 90.35
93.53 93.77
75.60 73.87
97-20 97.68
97.82 100.86
96.80 9*-95
79-10 79.15
99.5*
79.39
86.31
91.30
90.23
91.69
98.34
9*-79
84.24
87.08
71.33
91-5*
94.81
89.01
83.85
84.05
83.64
98.44
*1.3
40.6
Oct.
1955
*1.5
41.9
Oct.
1956
42.38
2.46
*2.37
2.45
Oct.
1955
*2.27
2.34
42.2
40.4
40.6
42.3
42.0
*3.1
42.9
42.7
39-8
39.8
40.0
40.5
41.1
40.0
41.2
40.7
40.1
40.0
42.3
42.0
43.0
^3.1
42.8
39-8
39-9
39.5
40.7
42.2
39-*
40.8
42.0
40.3
41.9
41.5
41.2
*1.3
*3-9
42.7
390
38.7
40.3
39-8
41.4
38.7
43.0
2.48
2.07
2.09
2.31
2.31
2.31
2.28
2.33
2.28
2.35
1.89
2.40
2.38
2.42
1.92
2.48
2.04
2.10
2.31
2.30
2.32
2.28
2.33
2.27
2.35
1.87
2.40
2.39
2.41
1.94
2.37
1.97
2.06
2.20
2.19
2.22
2.24
2.22
2.16
2.25
1.77
2.30
2.29
2.30
1.99
80.32
41.0
4l.o
41.4
2.05
2.04
1.94
98.01
89.62
42.8
42.8
41.3
2.30
2.29
2.17
85.49
84.25
85.49
84.25
81.77
79.35
41.1
40.7
41.1
40.7
41.3
40.9
2.08
2.07
2.08
2.07
1.98
1.94
71.86
64.24
93.79
73.38
72.50
64.40
93.34
72.47
71.51
66.36
88.60
73-*6
39.7
39-9
*1.5
40.1
40.5
40.0
41.3
39.6
41.1
42.0
41.4
41.5
1.81
1.61
2.26
1.83
1.79
1.61
2.26
1.83
1.74
1.98
2.14
1.77
72.22
76.68
71.49
89.63
84.00
64.96
70.53
74.40
68.39
87.72
82.80
62.56
69.38
76.30
71.01
87.96
79.80
62.58
40.8
42.6
*2.3
43.3
42.0
40.1
40.3
41.8
41.2
43.0
41.4
39.1
*1.3
43.6
*3.3
44.2
42.0
40.9
1.77
1.80
1.69
2.07
2.00
1.62
1.75
1.78
1.66
2.04
2.00
1.60
1.68
1.79
1.64
1.99
1.90
1.93
64.72
65.04
67.73
63.27
78.5*
7*-37
61.15
65.ll
65.69
60.61
78.73
74.59
64.11
60.21
64.06
61.81
75.23
71.05
40.2
39.9
41.3
39-3
42.0
40.2
38.7
39-7
40.3
39.1
42.1
40.1
41.9
39.1
40.8
40.4
42.5
40.6
1.6 1
1.63
1.64
1.61
1.87
1.85
1.58
1.64
1.63
1.55
1.87
1.86
1.93
1.54
1.97
1.93
1.77
1.79
and engineering
Mecha n i c a l m easuring and cont r o l l i n g
i n s t r u m e n t s .......................................
O p t i c a l i n s t r u m e n t s a n d l e n s e s ..............
Surgical, medical, ana dental instru
m e n t s .............................................
O p h t h a l m i c g o o d s ..................................
P h o t o g r a p h i c a p p a r a t u s .........................
W a t c h e s a n d c l o c k s ...............................
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES....
J e w e l r y a n d f i n d i n g s ...........................
S i l v e r w a r e a n d p l a t e d w a r e ..................
T o y s a n d s p o r t i n g g o o d s ........................
Games, toys, dolls, and cihildren's
P e n s , p e n c i l s , o t h e r o f f i c e s u p p l i e s ......
C o s t u m e j e w e l r y , b u t t o n s , n o t i o n s ..........
F a b r i c a t e d p l a s t i c s p r o d u c t s .................
O t h e r m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s ..............
Sept.
1956
497.88
499.96
103.32 99.*»7
Average hourly
earnings
8ept.
1956
and
A i r c r a f t e n g i n e s a n d p a r t s ..................
A i r c r a f t p r o p e l l e r s a n d p a r t s ..............
O t h e r a i r c r a f t p a r t s a n d e q u i p m e n t .......
S h i p a n d b o a t b u i l d i n g a n d r e p a i r i n g ......
S h i p b u i l d i n g a n d r e p a i r i n g ..................
B o a t b u i l d i n g a n d r e p a i r i n g ..................
Laboratory,
Average weekly
hours
35
Hours and Earnings
Table C-lt
Hours and gross earnings of production workers
or nonsupervisory employees - Continued
Industry
Average weekly
earnings
Oct.
Oct*.
i»5
1955
a s-
Average weekly
hours
Sept. Oct*
Oct.
1956 19§6 1955
Average hourly
earnings
Oct.
Sept.
Oct.
1956
1956
1955
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES:
TRANSPORTATION:
Local railways and bus lines...........
$87.10
85.1 *
$81.58
80.56
§5
*0.7
*3.0
41.2
(!/)
42.4 *1.97
$2.1 *
1.98
♦1.98
1*90
7*.21
61.3*
73.*2
60.86
39.6
38.0
39.9
38.1
39.9
37.8
1.86
1.61
1.86
1.61
1.84
I .61
102.08
85.26
103.92
79.3*
*3.2
*2.0
**.0
*2.0
**.6
*2.2
2.32
2.03
2.32
2.03
2.33
1.88
92.*3
9*.81
89.62
92.7*
9*. 21
88.99
89.02
90.06
85.*9
*0.9
*1 .*
*1.3
*1 .*
*1.5
*1.2
*1.6
*1.5
*1.5
2.26
2.29
2.17
2.2*
2.27
2.16
2.14
2.17
2.06
92.00
9*. 16
90.*9
*0.0
*1.3
*1.7
2.30
2.28
2.17
82.22
82.82
78.96
*0.5
*0.6
*0.7
2.03
2.0*
1.94
60.7*
*3.25
61.22
*3.97
58.98
*1.76
38.2
3*. 6
38.5
3*. 9
38.8
3*.8
1.59
1.25
1.59
1.26
1.52
1.20
*9.07
63.98
81.22
*7.82
*9.70
6*. 30
81.97
*8.16
*7.70
62.*8
79.10
*6.50
35.3
37.2
*3.9
3*.*
35.5
37.6
*3.6
3*.*
35.6
38.1
*3.7
3*.7
1*39
1.72
1.85
1.39
1 .*©
1.71
1.88
l.*0
1.34
1.64
1.81
1.34
70.22
75.33
69.97
7*.65
68.72
71.71
*1.8
*2.8
*1.9
*2.9
*1.9
*3.2
1.68
1.76
1.67
1.7*
1.64
1.66
62.50
92.01
77.98
61.93
9*.07
78.10
60.25
99.60
73.95
-
-
-
-
-
-
*2.6*
*2.22
*1.50
4l*0
4l.O
*0.6
1.04
1.04
i.o4
*2.61
50.9*
*2.61
50.9*
*1.01
*8.2*
k0.2
40.2
39.8
ko.6
39*8
40.2
1.06
1.28
1.06
1.28
1.01
1.20
90.8*
92.96
93.98
-
-
-
-
-
-
4^70
COMMUNICATION:
73.66
Switchboard operating employees 2J ••• 61.18
Line construction, installation, and
maintenance employees QJ ........... 100.22
85.26
Telegraph _4J .........................
OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES:
Gas and electric utilities.............
Electric light and power utilities....
Gas utilities........................
Electric light and gas utilities com
bined...............................
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE:
WHOLESALE TRADE........................
RETAIL TRADE (EXCEPT EATING AND DRINKING
PLACES)...............................
Department stores and general mailAutomotive and accessories dealers.....
Other retail trade:
Furniture and appliance stores........
Lumber and hardware supply stores......
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE:
Security dealers and exchanges.........
SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS:
Hotels and lodging places:
Personal services:
Cleaning and dyeing plants............
Motion pictures:
Motion-picture production and distri-
1/ Not available.
2/ Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard operators; service as
sistants; operating room instructors: and pay-station attendants. During 1955 such employees made up 4l percent of
the total number of nonsupervisory employees in telephone establishments reporting hours and earnings data.
3/ Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central office craftsmen; instal
lation and exchange repair craftsmen; line, cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. During 1955 such employees
made up 26 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in telephone establishments reporting hours and
earnings data.
k/ Data relate to domestic employees except messengers and those compensated entirely on a commission basis.
5/ Money payments only; additional value of board, room, uniforms, and tips, not included.
36
Adjusted Earnings
Table C-2: Gross average weekly earnings of production workers
in selected industries, in current and 1947-49 dollars
Year
Bituminous-coal
mining
1947-49 Current 1947-49
Manufacturing
Current
Laundries
Current
1947-49
Annual
average:
Year
and
month
Bituminous-coal
mining
1947-49 Current 1947-49
Manufacturing
Current
Laundries
Current
1947-49
Monthly
data:
1939.... $23.86 $*0.17 $23.88 $*0.20 $ 17 .6* $29.70
* 1.25
2* .71
19*0.... 25.20 *2.07
17.93
29.93 122L
30.86
*9.06 18.69 29.71
19*1.... 29.58 *7.03
52.58 35.02 50.2*
29.18
20.3*
19*2.... 36.65
56.24 23.08 31.19
19*3.... *3.1* 58.30 * 1.62
61.28 51.27
68.18 25.95 3*.51
19**.... *6.08
36.06 1956
67.95 27.73
19*5.... **.39 57.72 52.25
36.21
30.20
69.58
52.5* 58.03
19*6.... *3.82
52.32
3*.25 Feb*••e•
66.59
69.73
32.71
19*7.... *9.97
70.16
33.30 MST*e•ee
52.&T 72.12
3*.23
19*8.... 5*.l*
Apr*•eee
63.28
62.16
3*.36
3*.98
19*9.... 5*.92 53.95
68 .*3
57.71 70.35
3*.50 June****
35.*7
1950.... 59.33
58.30 77.79 70.08
3*.06
37.81
1951.... 6* .71
59.89 78.09 68.80 38.63 3*.0* JUy*e ee
1952....4 67.97
e•ee
1953.... 71.69 62.67 85.31 7*.57 39.69 3*.69
62.60
80.85
7?.*3 *0.10
3*.93 Sept****
195*.... 71.86
1955— .J 76.52 66.83 «96.26 «8*.07 *0.70 35*55 Oct* ee*•
$78.50 $68.32 $99.86 $86.91 $*1.01
83.50 *1 .1 1
79.52
69.15
96.03
69.*9 105.73
92.18
*1.31
79.71
78.55
78.17
78.78
78.99
79.00
79.19
79.00
79.79
8l.*0
8S. 21
68.5*
68.21
68.68
68.75
68. *6
68.15
10*.22
103.18
102.38
105.*6
106.02
107.82
67.52 102.16
68.31 102.*9
69.51 106.12
69.85 110.38
90.9*
90.03
89.26
».78
91.87
92.79
*1.5 1
*0.90
*1.70
*2.12
*2.5*
*2.95
87.32
87.75
*2. *2
*1.90
*2.61
*2.61
93.78
$35.69
35.75
36.02
36.22
35.69
36.36
36.66
36.86
36.96
36.26
35.87
36.39
36.20
«Corrected#
Table C-3:
Year
Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, of production workers
in manufacturing, in current and 1947-49 dollars
Gross average
weekly earnings
Index
Amount (1947-49
= 100)
Net spendable
average weekly earnings
Worker with
Worker with
3 dependents
no dependents
Current 1947-49 Current 1947-49
Annual
average:
Gross average
weekly earnings
Index
Amount (1947-49
= 100)
Net spendable
average weekly earnings
Worker with
Worker with
no dependents
3 dependents
Current 1947-49 Current 1947-49
$78.50 1 *8.3
$6*.70 $56.31 $72.03 $62.69
65**9
56.95 72.85 63.35
65.6*
57.23 73.00 63.6*
Monthly
data:
1939.... $23.86
19*0.... 25.20
19*1 .... 29.58
19*2 .... 36.65
19*3 .... * 3 .1*
19**.... *6.08
19*5 .... **.39
19*6 .... *3.82
19*7 .... * 9.97
19*8 .... 5*.l*
19*9 ....
1950....
1951 ....
1952....
1953....
195* ....
1955....
Y e ar
and
month
5*.92
59.33
6* .71
&J.9J
71.69
71.86
76.52
45.1
47 *6
55.9
69.2
81.5
87.0
83*8
82.8
94.4
102.2
103.7
112.0
122.2
128*4
135.4
135.7
144.5
$23.58 $39.70 $23.62 439.76
*1.22 2*.95 41.65 1955
24.69
28.05
**•59 29.28 * 6.55
*5.58 36.28 52.05
31.77
*8.66 *1.39 55.93
36.01
50.92 **.06 58.59
38.29
*8.08 *2.74 55.58 1956
36.57
*5.23 43.20 51.80
37.72
*2.76
**.77 48.24 50.51
*6.1* 53.17 51.72
*7.*3
*8.09
51.09
5*.0*
52.66
58.5*
59.55
63.15
*7.2*
*9.70
*8.68
*9.0*
51.17
51.87
55.15
53.83
57.21
61.28
63.62
66.58
66.78
70. *5
52.88
55.65 June*...
55.21
56.05 JtOy.ee.
58.20
58.17 Sept....
61.53
79.52
79.71
150.2
150.5
78.55
78.17
78.78
78.99
79.00
79.19
1 *8.3
1 *7.6
1 *8.8
1 *9.2
1 *9.2
1 *9.6
79.00
1 *9.2
150.7
153.7
155.3
79.79
8l.*0
82.21
6*. 7*
6*.**
6*. 92
65.08
65.09
65.2*
65.09
65.71
66.97
67.62
56.*9
56.23
56.60
56.6*
56.*0
72.07
71.77
72.25
72 .*2
72.*3
72.58
55.63
56.26
72 .*3
73.06
57.19
57.*5
7*.37
75.03
56.1*
62.89
62.63
62.99
63.03
62.76
62.*6
61.91
62.55
63.51
63.75
37
Adjusted Earnings
Table C-4: Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime,
and average weekly hours of production workers in manufacturing
Year
and
mont h
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Average hourly earnings
Average Average hourly earnings Average Average hourly earnings Average
Excluding overtime
weekly
Excluding weeklÿ
Excluding weekly
Gross
Gross
Index
Gross
overtime hours
overt ime hours
Amount (1947-49 - 100) hours
Annual
average :
19^1....... $0.729 $0.702
19^2.
•853
.805
.894
.961
1943.
54.5
62.5
69.4
40.6
42.9
44.9
$0.808
.947
1.059
$0.770
.881
.976
42.1
45.1
46.6
$0.640
.723
.803
$0.625
.698
.763
38.9
40.3
42.5
1944.
1945.
1946.
1.019
.947
1.023 1/.963
1.086 1.051
73-5
1/74.8
81.6
45.2
43.4
40.4
1.117
1.111
1.156
1.029
l/l.042
1.122
46.6
44.1
40.2
.861
.904
1.015
.814
I/.858
.981
43.1
42.3
40.5
1947.
1948.
1949.
1.237 1.198
1.350 1.310
1.401 1.367
93.0
101.7
106.1
40.4
40.1
39-2
1.292
1.410
1.469
1.250
1.366
1.434
40.6
40.5
39.5
1.171
1.278
1.325
1.133
1.241
1.292
40.1
39-6
38.8
1950.
1951.
1952.
1.465
1.59
1.67
1.415
1.53
1.61
109.9
118.8
125.0
40.5
40.7
40.7
1.537
1.67
1.77
1.480
1.60
1.70
41.2
41.6
41.5
1.378
1.48
1.54
1.337
1.43
1.49
39-7
39-5
39.6
1953.
1954.
1955.
1.77
1.81
1.88
1.71
1.76
1.82
132.8
136.6
141.3
40.^
39-7
40.7
1.87
1.92
2.01
1.80
1.86
1.93
41.3
40.2
41.4
1 .6l
1.66
1.71
1.56
1.61
1.66
39-5
39.0
39.8
1955:
Oct.. 1.91
ÏOV. . 1.93
Dec.. 1.93
1.84
1.85
1.85
142.9
143.6
143.6
41.1
41.2
41.3
2.04
2.05
2.06
1.96
1.97
1.97
41.7
41.8
42.0
1.72
1.74
1.74
1.67
1.68
1.68
40.3
40.3
40.4
1956t
Jan..
Feb..
Mar..
Apr..
May..
June.
1.93
1.93
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.97
1.87
1.86
1.88
1.90
1.90
1.91
145.2
144.4
146.0
147-5
147.5
148.3
40.7
40.5
40.4
40.3
40.1
40.2
2.06
2.05
2.06
2.08
2.08
2.09
1.98
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
41.2
41.0
40.9
41.1
40.8
40.8
1.75
1.75
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.70
1.70
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
39.9
39.8
39.6
39.2
39.1
39.2
July.
Aug..
Sept.
Oct. •
1.97
1.98
2.00
2.02
1.90
1.91
1.93
1.94
147.5
148.3
149.8
150.6
40.1
40.3
40.7
40.7
2.07
2.10
2.14
2.15
2.01
2.03
2.06
2.06
40.7
40.8
41.4
41.5
1.82
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.77
1.75
1.76
1.78
39.4
39.6
39.8
39.8
1/ 11-month average; August 1945 excluded because of VJ-day holiday period.
3Û.
M a n H our Indexes
Table C-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours
in industrial and construction activity ^
( 1 9 4 7 - 4 9 = 100)
Manufacturing
Contract
Mining
c o n s t r u c t ion
division
division
- Durable goods
L u m b e r and
wood products
(e x c e p t
furniture)
Manufac
turing
division
Total:
Durable
goods
Total :
N o n d u r ab le
goods
Or dna n c e and
accessories
94.6
103.4
102.c
109.1
124.1
127.5
I23.I
II8.9
126.7
104.8
103.2
92.0
101.1
108.4
108.4
113.6
101.1
107.7
106.1
104.1
« 9.7
102.7
115.7
116.6
125.2
107.5
116.2
IO3.I
102.1
94.7
99.2
99.7
98.6
99.7
93.5
97.5
101.2
107.6
91.1
107.4
290.4
625.0
798.5
509.7
413.2
107.0
102.7
90.3
99.6
102.7
96.9
93.0
84.7
90.5
81.6
80.3
82.9
140.8
128.2
124.3
111.9
112.5
112.6
120.0
122.0
I22.5
IO2.3
101.2
100.8
393.2
396.4
389.3
94.9
90.7
87.9
May....
June....
108.1
107.4
106.6
108.2
108.5
110.9
82.0
80.9
80.4
81.8
81.7
84.7
112.0
II3.0
114.0
128.1
140.0
154.4
109.3
108.4
107.3
107.1
105.8
106.4
II9.O
II7.4
II6.2
II7.5
II5.6
II5.6
97.6
97.6
96.7
94.7
94.1
95.4
389.3
385.8
374.1
381.0
377.3
37*.6
83.6
83.3
80.1
83.9
87.6
92.4
July.«..
Aug....
Sept....
Oct....
IO6.5
112.9
114.5
115.0
76.1
83.7
85.6
84.1
154.4
159.9
159.8
157.6
101.7
108.1
109.9
111.0
IO7.3
114.6
116.8
119.8
95.0
100,3
101.7
100.4
368.7
355.0
371.8
373.5
90.7
95.0
91.2
88.8
Year
and
month
TOTAL 2J
19*7:
19*8:
19*9:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average,.
Average..
103.6
103.4
93.0
101.5
109.5
109.7
113.3
101.9
108.4
105.1
105.4
89.5
91.0
95.0
90.9
87.5
77.4
80.3
1955:
Oct....
Hov....
Dec....
113.7
112.6
112.3
1956:
Jan....
Feb....
Mar....
Manufacturing
Vo
ar*
i g ar
and
month
Furniture
and f i x t u r e s
S t o n e , clay,
and glass
products
- Durable
Primary metal
industries
goods - Continued
Fabricated
metal
products
Machinery
(e x c e p t
electrical)
Electrical
machinery
Transporta
tion
equipment
1947!
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
103.3
104.6
92.1
111.5
105.9
106.2
108.5
96.7
106.2
102.8
103.9
93.3
102.9
111.4
104.3
106.6
s>9.2
1(>8.6
105.4
106.6
88.0
104.1
115.7
104.6
113.9
94.2
110.0
106.7
103.8
89.4
106.5
115.8
112.1
123.4
108.8
118.0
108.3
106.6
85.1
94.0
116.9
118.4
119.0
100.?
106.4
1U.1
102.9
86.0
107.6
123.7
131.2
147.1
123.I
130.8
102.9
100.9
96.3
106.1
124.5
138.0
158.6
134.3
146.3
1955:
Oct....
Nov....
114.7
113.7
113.8
114.3
112.9
112.4
114.5
116.0
117.9
123.6
124.1
123.7
110.0
112.0
116.4
142.7
140.3
140.6
139.3
154.3
154.0
1956:
Jan....
Feb....
Mar....
Apr....
May....
June....
108.8
IO9.5
108.0
104.9
102.6
103.4
108.2
108.1
109.6
111.4
112.8
113.5
117.8
115.4
114.3
II5.2
112.8
112.6
118.8
117.4
116.3
117.0
114.1
113.6
116.3
117.2
117.3
118.6
116.5
116.0
136.3
134.5
133.V
139.8
138.5
137.I
146.9
138.7
136.6
135.I
128.1
126.5
July....
Aug....
Sept....
Oct....
101.1
107.6
109.8
110.8
109.7
112.8
111.1
113.6
73.8
106.7
114.3
113.7
106.9
111.9
117.3
121.2
112.8
113.1
115.0
115 .1
133.*
138.7
142.8
147.1
127.3
125.7
124.4
138.3
See footnotes at end of table.
39
M a n -H o u r Indexes
Table C-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours
in industrial and construction activity ^ Continued
Year
and
month
19*7:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953:
195^:
1955*
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
(1947-49 = 100)
Manufacturing - Durable goods-Con.
Inst ruments
Miscellaneous
Food and
and related
manufacturing
kindred
industries
products
products
104.6
107.5
IO3.9
104.2
103.0
100.0
9I.2
96.1
89.5
97.4
95.2
IOI.3
I03.I
117.5
95.9
122.7
IOO.5
94.7
129.9
IO9.5
93.7
98.8
115.9
90.5
104.1
9I.O
117*9
Manufacturing -- Nondurable goods
Text ile-mi11 Apparel and other
Tobacco
finished textile
manufactures
products
products
IO5.9
101.0
23-1
89.2
91.2
92.2
90.1
88.5
91.5
104.5
105.7
89.9
100.1
96.0
90.7
89.8
Z8-I
83.6
99.6
101.6
98.8
103.0
101.9
104.5
106.9
98.8
104.9
1955: Oct.....
Nov.....
122.3
122.7
123*1
112.5
III.5
IO9.O
99.9
94.6
90.3
120.7
99.0
97.8
85.2
86.7
86.8
109.8
110.3
110.6
1956 1 Jan.....
121*2
121.6
121.2
122.6
121.5
120*8
103.0
IO5.3
104.2
103.4
102.9
IO2.7
84.9
82.6
82.9
82.3
85.4
91.O
89.9
81.6
76.5
74.6
76.6
77.7
84.3
84.3
82.5
80.3
79.0
78.3
107.4
112.4
109.I
102.9
99.5
99.2
119*2
122.3
124.4
125*6
97.7
IO5.3
108.5
111.7
95.5
105.7
IIO.7
IOO.9
74.5
99.7
114.6
109.8
75.2
78.4
78.5
80.3
97.2
105.2
103.3
106.0
Feb.....
May.....
Year
cUlu,
month
Paper and
allied products
Manufacturing - Nondurable goods - Continued
Chemicals
Products of
Printing, pub
lishing, and
and allied
petroleum
allied industries
products
and coal
99.0
101.4
IO3.3
102.6
IO2.7
IOO.5
94.1
98.O
98.3
97.2
97.3
99.5
101.6
102.1
IO5.5
98.2
104.7
102.7
105-4
108.1
100.9
95.8
104.7
103.5
IO8.6
107.0
94.5
Leather and
leather produces
IO9.8
102.0
88.1
IOI.9
IO8.5
IO8.4
111.6
96.4
113.3
105.8
100.8
93.4
97.8
92.1
96.9
96.5
89.9
95.0
95.2
93.1
93.0
118.2
121.7
119.9
9*. 6
92.0
99.5
I09.I
IO9.O
110.4
111.0
109.3
108.1
93.3
91.5
93.7
93.5
92.5
9*.9
117.5
113.1
109.6
109.7
108.3
103.6
99.1
101.7
97.0
89.4
87.5
91.7
105.8
106.3
108.2
IO8.4
9*.0
96.4
97.3
95.1
103.8
106.6
IO9.7
113.1
92.4
93.6
89.3
89.O
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
Average..
102.6
102.3
95.1
105.4
109.9
105.9
111.6
109.3
114.4
1955: Oct.....
Nov.....
II8.9
119.2
119.0
112.2
113.0
114.0
108.9
109.4
110.1
1956i Jan.....
Feb.....
Mar.....
115.8
114.1
115.5
115.6
H5.1
116.8
IO9.9
110.3
112.2
112.2
III.7
III.9
116.4
117.4
118.6
118.7
111.0
112,9
114.7
116.5
1947:
1948:
1949:
1950:
1951:
1952:
1953?
1954:
1955:
Rubber
products
JL/ Aggregate man-hours are for the weekly pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month and do not represent
totals for the month. For mining and manufacturing industries, data refer to production and related workers. For
contract construction, the data relate to construction workers.
_2/ Includes only the divisions shown.
ko
State and A r e a H o u rs and t arnings
Table C-6: Hours and gross earnings of production workers in
manufacturing industries for selected States and areas
Average weekly earnings
S tate and area
-
........ 19
35......
1955
Average weekly hours
__
.1956
1955
Average hourly earnings
1956
195$
“
Mobile..................................
Oct.
$67.30
87.12
(1/)
ARIZONA..................................
Phoenix................................
93.20
91.15
92.62
92.01
87.14
85.28
42.4
42.2
42.1
42.4
42.3
41.0
2.20
2.16
2.20
2.17
2.06
2.08
ARKANSAS................................
L i t t l e RockN. L it t l e Rock.................
57.53
57.67
54.60
40.8
40.9
42.0
1.41
1.41
1.30
56.73
55.76
52.83
41.1
40.7
41.6
1.38
1.37
1.27
CALIFORNIA............................
Fresno.................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach...
Sacramento..........................
San Bernardino-
92.39
79-77
91.97
10*.10
92.07
77.17
91.18
112.66
86.50
76.56
87.37
85.71
41.2
40.2
41.3
46.4
41.2
38.6
4l.o
48.8
40.8
39.8
41.3
41.5
2.2*
1.98
2.23
2.2*
2.23
2.00
2.22
2.31
2.12
1.92
2.12
2.07
91.9*
9*.99
9*.95
88.70
89.81
90.57
9*. 18
95.32
89.76
89.50
72.24
87.*9
88.19
82.48
81.97
41.0
41.9
40.4
42.6
43.5
40.9
41.8
40.7
43.6
43.6
36.2
40.9
39.9
41.9
42.2
2.2*
2.27
2.35
2.08
2.07
2.22
2.25
2.34
2.06
2.05
1.99
2.14
2.21
1.97
1.94
81.*1
(I/)
82.82
84.*6
75.*6
79.18
40.3
(i/>
40.6
41.0
39.1
40.4
2.02
(1/)
2.04
2.06
1.93
1.96
84.8*
88.20
90.29
80.79
76.2*
88.60
82.00
83.40
85.91
87.98
81.77
79.13
87.31
82.20
81.37
82.94
84.55
80.51
76.18
84.25
83.95
42.0
42.0
43.2
40.6
39.5
41.4
41.0
41.7
41.5
42.5
41.3
41.0
40.8
41.1
42.6
42.1
42.7
42.6
41.4
40.9
43.5
2.02
2.10
2.09
1.99
1.93
2.14
2.00
2.00
2.07
2.07
1.98
1.93
2.14
2.00
1.91
1.97
1.98
1.89
1.84
2.06
1.93
79.79
90.97
78.31
88.33
7* .03
88.15
40.5
39-9
41.0
39.7
40.9
41.0
1.97
2.28
1.91
2.25
1.81
2.15
85.97
86.80
84.0*
39.8
40.0
40.6
2.16
2.17
2.07
FLORIDA..................................
Jack son ville.......................
Miami....................................
Tampa-St. Petersburg........
64.21
72.1*
63.7*
63.36
63.43
67.66
61.93
61.54
59-18
62.88
59-5*
58.06
40.9
41.7
40.6
40.1
4o.4
39.8
39.7
39.7
41.1
39.8
40.5
40.6
1.57
1.73
1.57
1.58
1.57
1.70
1.56
1.55
1.44
1.58
1.47
1.43
GEORGIA..................................
Savannah..............................
59.20
72.76
77.33
.57-71
71.73
75.89
55-35
67.9*
73.35
40.0
40.2
41.8
39.8
40.3
41.7
40.7
40.2
43.4
1.48
1.81
1.85
1.45
1.78
1.82
1.36
1.69
1.69
IDAHO......................................
82.39
85.46
79.19
39.8
40.5
40.2
2.07
2.11
1.97
ILLINOIS................................
Rockford..............................
87.79
92.11
91.92
88.18
93.25
90.36
85.30
89.40
92.97
41.2
*1.3
*3.8
41.3
41.6
43.2
41.9
42.0
45.8
2.13
2.23
2.10
2.14
2.24
2.09
2.04
2.13
2.03
INDIANA..................................
89.66
88.60
86.30
41.2
41.4
41.7
2.18
2.14
2.07
IOWA........................................
80.33
85.5*
80.76
87.60
77.69
80.68
40.6
39-3
40.8
40.2
41.5
39.5
1.98
2.18
1.98
2.18
1.87
2.04
ALABAMA..................................
San Francisco-Oakland.. . .
COLORADO................................
Denver..................................
New B r ita in .........................
Stanford..............................
DELAWARE
........................
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA:
Oct.
Sept.
$62.88
81.56
70.18
40.3
40.9
(1/)
40.4
41.5
41.6
41.1
41.4
40.1
$1.67
2.13
(1/)
*1.67
2.14
1.98
$1.53
1.97
1.75
Sept.
Oct.
$67.*7
88.81
82.37
Oct.
Oct.
Sept.
Oct.
See footnotes at end of tal»le.
la
Table C-6i Hours and gross earnings of production workers in
manufacturing industries for selected Slates and areas - Continued
S ta te and area
KANSAS......................................
Topeka....................................
W ich ita ..................................
Average weekly earnings
1955
1956
Sept.
Oct.
O ct.
#85.64
83.57
4 1.5
4 1 .7
4 1.8
42.0
4 1.4
42.0
4 1 .2
42.9
40.6
$2.06
( i/ )
74.47
82.43
( 1/)
40.8
U /)
4 i.o
4 1.6
4 1.4
76.63
107.46
74.52
70.38
96.64
4 1.3
4 1.2
69.14
40.9
59-42
4 1 .1
37.3
4 1 .7
40.2
76 .17
70.82
72.98
56.12
90.18
L o u i s v i ll e ............................
( 1 /)
84.98
85.50
LOUISIANA................................
Baton Rouge..........................
New O rle an s..........................
107.86
75.26
2 .1 4
( 1 /)
2.08
( 1 /)
2.08
1 .7 9
1.9 9
42.4
4 1.3
40.2
1.85
2.65
1.8 4
1.86
2.70
1.66
2.34
1.8 4
1 .7 2
1.60
1.4 5
1 .5 9
1 .4 7
1 .4 7
1.3 8
40.5
40.5
38.3
42.2
40.9
4 1 .1
4 1.0
4 1.5
4 1.3
4 1.4
2.08
2.06
83.89
39.9
39.8
37.0
37.3
U/>
40.9
40.3
40.6
37.4
37.6
4 1.9
4 1.0
40.7
4 0 .1
38.7
39.3
4 1.6
42.8
1.84
1.93
1 .5 1
1 .5 7
( 1/)
1.83
1 .9 1
1.4 8
1.5 5
1 .9 7
95-30
4 1 .7
42.0
42.8
42.0
4 1.3
39.8
4 1.0
4 1.3
4 1.8
40.3
4 1.4
38.8
4 1.8
42.0
39.0
4 1.8
42.3
40.5
42.0
83.56
4 1.4
39.0
4 1.0
40.5
37.9
40.4
50.58
56.50
40.7
43.0
73.07
65.63
P o rtla n d ................................
54.05
69.97
63.79
55.51
68.62
65.72
MARYLAND..................................
B a ltim o re..............................
80.39
85.61
79.56
85.30
81. oe
MASSACHUSETTS........................
Boston....................................
F a l l R iv e r ............................
73.42
76.81
73.75
77.55
55.35
58.28
82.54
S p rin gfield -H o lyo k e.........
W orcester..............................
MICHIGAN..................................
55.87
(i/ )
83.85
100.04
84.05
99.16
52.86
59.74
77.79
106.60
108.67
92.57
106.72
90.07
91.43
107.89
102.89
83.69
82.79
85.69
79.94
79.35
83.73
54.95
62.78
61.92
MISSOURI..................................
Kansas C i t y . ........................
S t. Loul»..............................
77.76
81.57
85.17
82.06
81.34
83.94
MONTANA....................................
91.46
NEBRASKA..............................
F l i n t ......................................
Grand R apid s........................
L ansing..................................
Muskegon................................
MINNESOTA............................
M inneapolis - S t . P a u l. . . .
MISSISSIPPI............................
NEVADA..................................
NEW HAMPSHIRE.....................
101.06
100.09
95.67
86.40
102.92
88.13
40.7
39.8
40.5
37.7
40.9
2.00
2.16
1.68
1.9 7
2.00
1.69
1.56
1.9 4
1.8 4
1.9 6
1.7 4
1.82
1.4 5
1.5 2
1 .8 7
2.05
2.05
1.96
2.40
2.54
2.54
2.58
2.40
2.28
2.38
2.55
2.45
2.07
2.43
2.20
2.58
2.26
2.18
2 .4 7
2.23
2.25
2.23
2.18
2.22
4 1.9
3 9 .7
4 1.4
2.02
2.12
1.98
2.10
1.9 4
2 .1 4
2.09
2.07
2.02
4 1.0
43.0
4 1.8
42.8
1.3 5
1.4 6
1.3 5
1.4 4
1.21
39-8
40.3
39.9
40.3
40.5
40.2
1.9 4
2.05
1.9 3
2.04
79.96
40.0
39.9
40.4
2.11
2.11
1.9 9
1.9 9
91.61
88.86
4 1.3
40.4
4 2 .7
2.22
2 .2 7
2.08
(l/ )
( 1 /)
77.80
82.77
81.22
7*. 50
a/)
( 1 /)
42.8
42.9
43.0
44.0
( 1 /)
( 1 /)
1.82
1.93
1.7 3
I .85
95.26
94.12
87.66
37.8
3 7.5
37.3
2.52
2 .5 1
2.35
40.4
38.3
40.8
3 8 .1
40.5
3 7 .7
1.56
1.49
1.56
1.50
1.4 9
1.4 5
9 1 .1 7
86.45
55-35
76.93
93.24
81.50
85.10
63.02
63.65
60.35
57.07
5 7 .15
54.67
Sec footnotes at end of table.
90.33
#2.05
* 1.9 4
1.8 7
2.04
MAINE.........................................
58.56
Averagis hourly earnin gs
1956
19 5L
Sep t.
O ct.
O ct.
$80.12
80.32
83.03
#86.30
82.76
90.08
76 .4 1
Average weekly hours
195&
Ï955
O ct.
S ep t.
O ct.
40.5
1.3 2
1.81
State and Area Hours and Earnings
Table C-& Hours and gross earnings of production workers in
manufacturing industries for selected States and areas - Continued
S ta te and area
NEW JERSEY.
Newark-Jersey C ity 3 / . . .
Paterson 3 / ................. ..
Perth Amboy 3 / ...................
T renton ..................................
NEW MEXICO..............................
NEW YORK..................................
Albany-Schenectady-Troy.
Binghamton............................
B u ffa lo ..................................
Nassau and
S u ffo lk Counties 3J •• • •
New York-N ortheastern
New J e rse y ..........................
New York C ity 3J ...............
Syracu se ................................
Utica-Rome............................
W estchester County 3 / . . .
Average weekly earnings
19 5 5 .
1956
Oct.
S ep t.
O ct.
$84.12
84.85
86.11
86.23
83.84
85.49
$83.59
85.02
83.56
86.41
84.21
85.07
84.66
84.46
80.78
80.01
88.71
90.95
75.26
96.95
Average weekly hours
_____ 1956
1955
O ct.
Sept.
O ct.
82.02
40.6
40.6
4 1.6
40.6
40.5
40.5
40.6
40.9
40.8
40.8
* 1 .3
4 1 .2
4 1.8
4 1.8
4 1 .7
82.94
80.67
41.3
40.7
40.9
4 1.2
4 2 .1
4 1.8
76.85
39.8
4 1.3
39.7
4 1.4
4 1 .7
39.7
40.8
39.8
4 1.4
4 1 .1
4o.o
4 1.2
39-5
* 1 .5
#81.65
82.24
81.47
84.60
Averagiï hourly earnings
195t>
O ct.
Ô ct.
Sept.
$2.07
2.09
2.07
2.12
2.07
2.07
$2.06
2.09
2.04
$1.98
2.12
2.06
2.02
2.08
1.9 7
1.93
2.00
1.9 5
1.9 7
2.08
2.05
2.20
2.03
2.02
2.18
1.90
2.34
1.9 5
2.21
40.9
1.90
2.34
1.9 7
1.92
2.05
1.7 9
82.07
80.12
84.55
70.94
91.78
77.87
91.68
90.23
84.83
4 1 .7
4 1.2
40.6
2.20
2.19
2.09
79.37
74 .7 1
77.2 1
73.36
82.53
83.40
76.56
39.3
3 8 .1
40.9
4 1.9
40.9
3 9 .1
3 7 .7
4 1.0
42.2
4 l.O
40.3
39.8
38.7
40.9
42.2
4 1.8
2.03
1.9 8
2 .14
2.03
1 .9 1
1.9 4
1.9 0
2.02
4o.i
2.04
1.9 9
2 .1 4
2.07
1 .9 1
2.04
80.17
75-94
87.36
86.93
77.90
83.13
75.63
97.06
87.83
85.81
78. l l
80.31
1.9 0
1.9 8
1.83
72.61
40.7
53.54
57.54
52.53
40.5
4o.o
4 1.4
38.7
40.2
38.4
4 1.5
42.0
39.2
1.3 8
1.4 8
1.4 2
1.3 5
1.4 5
1.3 9
1.2 9
1 .3 7
1.3 4
( 1 /)
( 1 /)
1.7 2
1 . 8l
4 /1.65
1.7 6
2.26
2.25
2.42
2.42
2 .3 1
2.16
2.30
( 1 /)
2.00
1.81
NORTH CAROLINA......................
C h a r lo tte ..............................
Greensboro-High P o i n t ...
61.27
5*-95
54.00
58.29
53.38
NORTH DAKOTA..........................
F argo......................................
C i/)
( 1 /)
74.56
75.90
4/77.03
81.14
(I/ )
(1/)
43.4
4A6.2
41.9
46.0
OHIO..........................................
Akron......................................
Canton....................................
C in c in n a ti............................
C levelan d ..............................
93-93
95.94
93.70
93.30
93.56
93.43
89.51
90.95
( l/ )
4 1.5
39.6
40.4
42.5
42.4
40.8
4 1.6
40.4
4 1.6
4 1.4
38.7
40.4
4 2 .1
41.8
40.3
42.0
40.4
4 1.3
4 1.5
39.6
( 1 /)
42.3
42.8
( 1/)
4 1 .7
( 1/)
(A/)
2.34
2.54
4 1.8
43.2
41.3
41.7
4 1.8
4 2 .1
4 1.9
1.93
1.80
2.13
1.93
1.7 9
1.80
2.13
1.70
1.9 7
38.5
D ayton ...................................
Youngstown............................
OKLAHOMA..............................
Oklahoma C i t y .....................
OREGON..................................
PENNSYLVANIA..........................
Allentown-BethlehemE r ie ........................................
P h ila d e lp h ia ........................
55-89
88.57
98.28
87.16
100.06
94.69
105.81
80.67
77-76
87.97
88.82
83.60
97.37
85.74
107.33
95-32
( 1 /)
95.70
( 1 /)
( 1 /)
80.48
77.33
75-24
71-57
100.96
94.45
86.27
82.54
90.48
87.54
85.33
86.70
83.03
81.80
84.24
90.31
75-36
7 2 .5 1
85.46
83.22
87.78
74.96
71.28
84.85
96.88
72.83
61.00
55.33
67.43
99.80
74.85
Scran ton................................
W ilkes-B arre— H a zle to n ..
Y ork........................................
87.07
60.76
56.92
70.38
43.2
40.5
2.32
2.08
2.32
2 .14
2 .4 1
2.07
2.33
2 .13
2.40
2.34
2.60
1.9 8
2.23
(1/)
2.29
( 1 /)
( 1 /)
83.28
39.0
39.3
38.6
39.0
2.31
2.19
2.32
2.21
2 .2 7
39.3
78.24
40.5
40.1
40.6
2.05
2.04
1.93
40.5
40.4
42.2
40.3
4 1.2
40.6
40.2
39.8
3 9 .1
36.4
39.9
40.3
42.3
40.4
4 1 .5
40.8
4 1.0
40.9
39.2
2.08
2.11
I .87
2.06
2.08
1.86
I .89
1.9 5
1.7 2
I .65
1.9 8
76.13
82.49
69-57
68.48
80.70
93.69
71.74
57-51
52-25
67.44
42.8
40.3
4 1.2
40.5
40.9
40.9
38.7
37.2
4 1.4
38.0
4 1.3
1.7 6
1.73
2.11
2.09
2.44
1.8 3
1 .5 7
1.53
2 .4 1
1.70
1.83
1.56
1.52
1.69
2.12
2.29
1 .7 5
1.4 7
1.3 8
1.63
See footnotes at end of table.
U3
State and A re a
H o u rs and la rn in g s
Table C-6C Hours and gross earnings of production workers in
manufacturing industries for selected States and areas - Continued
State and area
Average weekly earnings
I«pe
1955_
Ôct.
Sept.
Oct.
Average weekly hours
1 <H¿
1955
Oct.
Sept.
Oct.
__
Average hourly earnings
1956
1955
Oct.
Sept.
Oct.
RHODE ISLAND.........................
Providence...........................
$66.24
67.26
$66.00
66.73
$63.30
64.64
38.9
39-8
39.4
40.2
39*9
40.4
$1.70
SOUTH CAROLINA.....................
Charleston...........................
57.08
60.84
55.35
54.65
62.71
40.2
39 .O
40.4
40.2
41.4
39-9
SOUTH DAKOTA.........................
Sioux F a lls.........................
79.26
76.38
77.12
46.4
85.49
89.18
49.6
44.5
47.6
46.8
88.10
63.84
64.55
65.76
61.65
39.9
64.27
40.6
40.1
40.0
41.7
40.9
41.1
41.2
40.2
42.6
41.1
1.66
1.87
1.73
TENNESSEE...............................
Chattanooga.........................
Knoxville.............................
Memphis.................................
Nashville.............................
UTAH.........................................
VERMONT...................................
Burlington...........................
Springfield.........................
66.07
72.93
74.80
56.66
69.55
39.8
39 .O
50.7
1.65
1.76
1.59
1.64
1.87
1.76
1.62
1.50
1.56
1.73
1.63
1.55
I .60
1.64
41.4
41.7
42.5
1.98
1.98
1.84
81.14
84.05
83.63
86.10
77.01
78.76
39.2
41.2
41.4
42.0
38.7
40.6
2.07
2.04
2.02
2.05
I .99
68.45
67.52
65.18
83.89
60.87
42.1
42.4
42.5
41.9
40.3
42.9
42.9
41.0
44.1
1.63
1.54
I .97
1.61
1.5 1
1.96
I .52
1.44
83.99
65.13
58.87
80.86
62.22
72.07
68.06
60.18
67.97
65.60
40.7
40.7
41.1
40.4
41.9
4 i.o
41.5
41.7
41.0
1.53
1.70
1.67
1.54
I .72
1.66
1.45
39 .I
39.1
39-3
38.3
38.8
2.29
2.27
2.27
38.2
39-6
39.5
40.9
39-7
40.1
39.8
2.16
2.16
2.21
2 .11
81.99
98.73
82.73
95.92
77.57
94.13
39-8
40.3
39.4
39.8
40.4
40.4
86.12
88.90
82.86
83.84
90.67
83.54
82.81
83.87
80.65
92.43
94.37
90.88
88.74
41.9
40.0
40.6
40.1
41.3
4o.6
42.0
40.6
41.4
40.8
41.3
40.5
42.3
40.0
40.1
41.1
42.0
41.2
40.7
40.5
68.64
94.08
90.82
86.68
85.60
86.35
89.46
109.59
90.76
106.92
83.13
98.41
Not available.
Revised series; not strictly comparable with previously published data.
Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey.
Not comparable with current data shown.
1.72
1.80
78.20
87.13
Uh
I .71
I .78
82.57
85.01
83.83
88.80
83.78
l/
2/
3/
4/
I .32
1.42
81.97
88.74
85.83
97.67
WYOMING...................................
1.37
1.56
63.70
89.38
86.78
92.21
87.56
La Crosse.............................
1.42
I .56
66.26
69.44
WASHINGTON.............................
WISCONSIN...............................
$1.59
I .60
41.4
40.1
73.39
62.27
69.19
WEST VIRGINIA.......................
1.66
71.62
65.76
VIRGINIA.................................
Norf0lk-Port smouth..........
Richmond...............................
Tacoma........................... .
$1.67
1.69
2.33
2.22
2.24
2-39
2.20
2.06
2.10
2.45
2.41
2.06
2.22
2.23
2.00
1.94
1.83
1.63
I .60
I .92
2.33
41.6
2.31
2.28
2 .I 3
2.02
2.23
2.28
2 .11
I .96
2.10
2.01
2.16
2.I 7
2.0 8
42.2
41.7
2.13
2.66
2.23
2.64
I .97
2.36
41.9
2.04
Explanatory Notes
I N T R O D U C T I O N
The sta tistics for nonfarm industries presented in
this monthly report are part of the broad program of
the Bureau of Labor Statistics to provide timely, coe>prehensive, accurate, and detailed information for the
use of businessmen, government o ffic ia ls , legislators,
labor unions, research workers, and the general public.
The statistics are an integral part of the Federal
sta tistica l system, and are considered basic indica
tors of the state of the Nation1s economy. They are
widely used in following and interpreting business
developments and in making decisions in such fields as
labor-manageraent negotiations, marketing, personnel,
plant location, and government policy. In addition,
Government agencies use the data in this report to com
pile o ffic ia l indexes of production, labor productivity,
and national income.
ESTABLISHMENT
or engaging in more than one activity, the entire
employment of the unit is included under the industry
indicated by the most important product or activity.
The title s and descriptions of industries presented
in the Standard Industrial Classifical Manual. (U. S.
Bureau of the Budget, Washington, D. C.) are used for
classifying reports from manufacturing and government
establishments ; the 19L2 Industrial Classification
Code. (U. S. Social Security Board) for reports from
a ll other establishments.
c.
Coverage
Monthly reports on employment and, for most indus
tries, payroll and man-hours are obtained from approx
imately 155,000 establishments. (See table below.) The
table also shows the approximate proportion of total
employment in each industry division covered by the
group of establishments furnishing monthly employment
data. The coverage for individual industries within
the division may vary from the proportions shown.
REPORTS:
A p p r o x i m a t e size a n d cove rage of B L S
a.
Collection
The employment statistics program, which is based
on establishment payroll reports, provides current data
for both f u l l - and part-time workers on payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments (see glossary for defi
nition, p. 7 -tE) during a specified period each month.
The BLS uses two " shuttle1’ schedules for this program,
the BLS Form 790 (for employment, payroll, and manhours data) and the Form 1219 (for labor turnover data).
The shuttle schedule, used by BLS for more than 25
years, is designed to assist firms to report consist
ently, accurately, and with a minimum of cost. The
questionnaire provides space for the establishment to
report for each month of the current calendar year; in
this way, the employer uses the same schedule for the
entire year.
Under a cooperative arrangement with the BLS,
State agencies mail the forms to the establishments
and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and
completeness. The States use the information to prepare
State and area series and then send the data to the BLS
Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics for use
in preparing the national series.
b.
Industrial Classification
Establishments are classified into industries on the
basis of their principal product or activity determined
from information on annual sales volume. This informa
tion is collected each year. For manufacturing estab
lishments, a product supplement to the monthly 790
report is used. The supplement provides for reporting
the percentage of total sales represented by each pro
duct. Information for nonmanufacturing establish
ments is collected on the 790 form i t s e lf . In the
case of an establishment making more than one product
e m p l o y m e n t a n d payrolls s a m p l e ll
Division
or
industry
Number of
Employees
inents in
samDle
Number in Percent
sample
of total
Mining.................................
Contract construction..
3,100
20,900
3^0,000
40,400
10 , 980,000
45
24
65
1,128,000
95
111, 600
1 , 581,000
57
58,300
1 , 928,000
18
12,000
693,000
31
1,200
144,000
37
2,300
94,000
19
2 , 162,000
2, 033,000
100
Transportation and
public u t ilit ie s :
Interstate railroads.
(ICC)...............................
Other transportation
and public u t ilit ie s .
Wholesale and retail
“—
735,000
Finance, insurance, and
Service and
miscellaneous:
Hotels and lodging
Personal services:
Laundries and clean
ing and dyeing
Government:
Federal (Civil Service
State and lo c a l.............
----
4,4oo
41
1 / Some firms do not report payroll and man-hour
information. Therefore, hours and earnings estimates
may be based on a slightly smaller sample than employ
ment estimates.
Labor turnover reports are received from approx
imately 10,000 cooperating establishments in the manu
facturing, mining, and communication industries (see
table below). The definition of manufacturing used in
the turnover series is not as extensive as in the BLS
series on employment and hours and earnings because of
the exclusion of the following major industries from
the labor turnover sample: printing, publishing, and
allied industries (since April 194-3;; canning and pre
serving fru its, vegetables, and sea foods; womenfs and
misses1 outerwear; and fe rtiliz e r.
Approximate
B L S
labor
size
and
coverage
turnover
Number of
Group and industry
OQ
Î Oa ih;
c
u +UoVil
aUXX
ments in
sample
Manufacturing................
Durable goods............
Nondurable goods.. . .
Matal mining..................
Coal mining:
Anthracite..................
Bituminous..................
Communication:
Telephone.....................
Telegraph.....................
Does not apply.
DEFINITIONS
A N D
of
sample
,
Employees
Number in Percent
of total
samnle
1 0,200
5,99U,000
6,1*00
3 ,8 0 0
U ,199,000
1,7 9 5,00 0
120
57,000
20
200
71,000
(i/ )
& /)
6,000
661,000
28, 000'
39
h3
32
53
19
32
88
65
ESTIMATING
M E T H O D S :
A.
EMELOYMSNT
Definition
Employment data for a ll except Federal Government
establishments refer to persons who worked during, or
received pay for, any part of the pay period ending
nearest the 15th of the month. For Federal Government
establishments current data generally refer to persons
who worked on, or received pay for, the last day of
the month.
Persons on an establishment oayroll who are on paid
sick leave, paid holiday, or paid vacation, or who work
during a part of the specified pay period and are un
employed or on strike during the other part of the
period are counted as employed. Persons are not con
sidered employed who are laid o ff or are on leave with
out pay, who are on strike for the entire period, or
who are hired but do not report to work during the
period. Proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid family
workers, farm workers, and domestic workers in house
holds are also excluded. Government employment covers
only civilian employees; Federal military personnel
are shown separately, but their number is excluded
from total nonagricultural employment.
With respect to employment in educational institu
tions (private and governmental), BLS considers regular
full-time teachers to be employed during the summer
vacation period whether or not they are specifically
paid in those months.
cultural industries, and appropriate adjustments made
as indicated by the total counts or benchmarks. The
comparison made for the f i r s t 3 months of 1955 resulted
in changes amounting to 0.8 percent of a ll nonagricultural employment. Among the eight major industry divi
sions changes ranged from 0.2 to 2.3 percent, with the
exception of contract construction which required an
adjustment of 6.2 percent. As a result, the estimating
techniques for contract construction were reviewed in
detail and certain refinements have been introduced.
Manufacturing industries as a whole were changed by 0.2
percent, a slightly smaller amount than necessary in
195U. Vi thin manufacturing, 1x3 of the 132 individual
industries required no adjustment because the estimate
and benchmark differed by less than 1.0 percent or less
than 500 and 78 were adjusted by 1.0-U.9 percent. One
significant cause of differences between the benchmark
and estimate is the change in industrial classification
of individual firms, which cannot be reflected in BLS
estimates until they are adjusted to new benchmarks.
Other causes are sampling and response errors.
The basic sources of benchmark information are the
quarterly tabulations of employment data, by industry,
compiled by State agencies from reports of establish
ments covered under State unemployment insurance laws.
Supplementary tabulations prepared by the U. S.
Bureau of Old Age and Survivors Insurance are used for
the group of establishments exempt from State unem
ployment insurance laws because of their small size.
Benchmarks for industries wholly or partly excluded
from the unemployment insurance laws are derived from
a variety of other sources.
The BLS estimates which are prepared for the
benchmark quarter are compared with the new benchmark
levels, industry by industry. Where revisions are
necessary, the monthly estimates are adjusted between
the new benchmark and the preceding one. Following
revision for these intermediate periods, the industry
data from the most recent benchmark are projected to
the current month by use of the sample trends. Under
this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish
the level of employment while the sample is used to
measure the month-to-month changes in the level.
Estimating Msthod
The estimating procedure for industries for which
data on both "a l l employees” and "production and re
lated workers” are published (manufacturing and
selected mining industries) is outlined below; the
fir s t step under this method is also used for indus
tries for which only figures on ”a ll en^loyees” are
published.
The fir s t step is to compute total employment (a ll
employees) in the industry for the month following the
benchmark period. The all-employee total for the la st
benchmark month ( e .g ., March) is multiplied by the
percent change of total employment over the month for
the group of establishments reporting for both March
and April. Thus, i f firms in the BLS sample for an
industry report 30,000 employees in Mirch and 31,200
in April, April employment is 104- percent (31,200
divided by 30, 000) of Iforch employment. I f the a l l employee benchmark in March is 4-0,000, the all-employee
total in April would be 104- percent of 4-0,000 or
41,600.
Benchmark Data
Employment estimates are periodically compared with
complete counts of employment in the various nonagri-
2-E
The second step is to compute the productionworker total for the industry. The all-enployee total
for the month is multiplied by the ratio of production
workers to a ll employees. This ratio is computed from
establishment reports in the monthly sample. Thus, i f
these firms in April report 24,960 production workers
and a total of 31,200 employees, the ratio of produc
tion workers to a ll employees would be .80 (24,960
divided by 31,200). The production-worker total in
April would be 33,280 (4-1,600 multiplied by .80),
Figures for subsequent months are computed by
carrying forward the totals for the previous month ac
cording to the method described above.
vThe number of women employees in manufacturing,
published quarterly, is computed by multiplying the
all-employee estimate for the industry by the ratio
of women to a ll employees as reported in the industry
sample.
Employment Ad.iusted for Seasonal Variation
Employment series for many industries reflect a
regularly recurring seasonal movement which can be
measured on the basis of past experience. By elimi
nating that part of the change in employment which can
be ascribed to usual seasonal variation, i t is pos
sible to clarify the cyclical and other nonseasonal
movements in the series. Adjusted employment aggre
gates are shown and also indexes ( 1947-49 = 100) de
rived from these aggregates. The indexes have the
additional advantage of comparing the current sea
sonally adjusted employment level with average employ
ment in the base period.
B.
LABOR TURNOVER
Definition
”Labor turnover, ’1 as used in the BLS program, re
fers to the gross movement of wage and salary workers
into and out of employment status with respect to in
dividual firms during a calendar month. This movement
is subdivided into two broad types; accessions (new
hires and rehires) and separations (terminations of
employment initiated by either employer or employee).
Each type of action is cumulated for a calendar month
and expressed as a rate per 100 employees. A ll em
ployees, including executive, o ffice, sales, other
salaried personnel, and production workers are cov
ered by both the turnover movements and the employment
base used in computing labor turnover rates. All
groups of employees— f u l l - and part-time, permanent,
and temporary— are included. Transfers from one es
tablishment to another within a company are not con
sidered to be turnover items.
Method of Computation
To compute turnover rates for individual indus
tries, the total number of each type of action (ac
cessions, quits, etc.) reported for a calendar month
by the sample establishments in each industry is fir s t
divided by the total number of employees reported by
these establishments, who worked during, or received
pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the
15th of that month. The result is multiplied by 100
to obtain the turnover rate.
Comparability with Other Employment Estimates
Employment data published by other government and
private agencies may differ from BLS employment sta
tis tic s because of differences in definition, sources
of information, methods of collection, classification,
and estimation. BLS monthly figures are not directly
comparable, for example, with the estimates of the
Census rfonthly Report on the Labor Force (MRLF).
Census data are obtained by personal interviews with
individual members of a small sample of households
and are designed to provide information on the work
status of the whole population, classified by their
demographic characteristics. The BLS, on the other
hand, obtains data by mail questionnaire v/hich are
based on the payroll records of business units, and
prepares detailed statistics on the industrial and
geographic distribution of employment and on hours of
work and earnings.
Since BLS employment figures are derived from
establishment payroll records, persons who worked in
more than one establishment during the reporting peri
od w ill be counted more than once in the BLS series.
By definition, proprietors, self-employed persons,
domestic servants, and unpaid family workers are ex
cluded from the BLS but not the MRLF series.
Employment estimates compiled by the Bureau of the
Census from its censuses and/or annual sample surveys
of manufacturing establishments also differ from BLS
employment s ta tistic s. Among the important reasons
for lack of comparability are differences in indus
tries covered, in the business units considered parts
of an establishment, and in the industrial c la ssifi
cation of establishments. Similar differences exist
between the BLS data and those in County Business
Patterns published jointly by the U.S. Department of
Commerce and the U.S. Department of Health, Education
and Welfare.
For example, in an industry sample, the total
number of employees who worked during, or received
pay for, the week of January 12-18 was reported as
25,493. During the period January 1-31 a total of
284 employees in a ll reporting firms quit. The quit
rate for the industry i s :
284 x 100 = 1 .1
25,498
To compute turnover rates for broader industrial
categories, the rates for the component industries
are weighted by the estimated employment.
Separate turnover rates for men and women are pub
lished quarterly for 1 month in each quarter. Only
accessions, quits, and total separations are publish
ed. These rates are computed in the same manner as
the all-employee rates; for example, the quit rate for
women is obtained from an industry sample by dividing
the number of women who quit during the month by the
number of women employees reported.
Average monthly turnover rates for the year for
a ll employees are computed by dividing the sum of the
monthly rates by 1 2 .
Comparability \jith Earlier Data
Labor turnover rates are available on a compara
ble basis from January 1930 for manufacturing as a
whole and from 194-3 for two coal mining and two com
munication industries. Rates for many individual in
dustries and industry#groups for the period prior to
January 1950 are not comparable with those for the
subsequent period because of a revision which in
volved (1) the adoption of the Standard Industrial
Classification (1945) code structure for manufactur
ing industries, and ( 2 ) the introduction of weighting
3 -E
in the computation of industry-group rates.
Comparability with Employment Series
1'bnth-to-rnonth changes in total employment in man
ufacturing industries reflected by labor turnover
rates are not comparable with the changes shown in the
Bureau1s employment series for the following reasons:
as absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishments. Group
averages further reflect changes in the workweek of
component industries.
Average Overtime Hours
(1) Accessions and separations are computed
for the entire calendar-month; the em
ployment reports, for the most part,
refer to a 1-week pay period ending
nearest the 15th of the month.
(2) The turnover sample excludes certain in
dustries (see under coverage, p. 2-E).
(3) Plants on strike are not included in the
turnover computations beginning with the
month the strike starts through the month
the workers return; the influence of such
stoppages is reflected, however, in the
employment figures.
C.
HOURS AND EARNINGS
Definitions of production workers, nonsupervisory
employees, payrolls, and man-hours from which hours
and earnings data are derived are included in the
glossary, page 7 -E . Methods used to compute hours
and earnings averages are described in summary of
methods for computing national sta tistic s, page 6-E.
Gross Average Hourly and Weekly Earnings
Average hourly earnings for manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are on a "gross" basis, i .e . ,
they reflect not only changes in basic hourly and in
centive wage rates, but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and la te-sh ift work, and
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive
basis. Employment shifts between relatively high-paid
and low-paid work and changes in workers’ earnings in
individual establishments also affect the general
earnings averages. Averages for groups and divisions
further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for
individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates.
Earnings refer to the actual, return to the worker for
a stated period of time; rates are the amounts stimu
lated for a given unit of work or time. However, the
average earnings series does not measure the level of
total labor costs on the part of the employer, since
the following are excluded: irregular bonuses, ret
roactive items, payments of various welfare benefits,
payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for
those employees not covered under the productionworker or nonsupervisory-employee definitions.
Gross average weekly earnings are affected not
only by changes in gross average hourly earnings, but
also by changes in the length of the workweek, parttime work, stoppages for varying causes, labor turn
over, and absenteeism.
Average Weekly Hours
The workweek information relates to average hours
worked or paid for, and is somewhat different from
standard or scheduled hours. Normally, such factors
4-E
The overtime hours represent that portion of the
gross average weekly hours which were in excess of reg
ular hours and for which premium payments were made.
I f an employee works on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by defini
tion, the gross weekly hours and overtime hours do not
necessarily move in the same direction from month to
month; for example, premiums may be paid for hours in
excess of the straight-time workday although less than
a fu ll week is worked. Diverse trends on the industrygroup level may also be caused by a marked change in
gross hours for a component industry where l i t t l e or
no overtime was worked in both the previous and cur
rent months. In addition, such factors as stoppages,
absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same
influence on overtime hours as on gross hours.
Gross Average Weekly Earnings in Current and
1947-49 Dollars
These series indicate changes in the level of
weekly earnings before and after adjustment for
changes in purchasing power as determined from the
BLS Consumer Price Index,
Net Spendable Average Weekly Earnings
Net spendable average weekly earnings in current
dollars are obtained by deducting Federal social se
curity and income taxes from gross weekly earnings.
The amount of income tax lia b ility depends on the
number of dependents supported by the worker, as well
as on the level of his gross income. To reflect these
variables, net spendable earnings have been computed
for two types of income receivers: (l) a worker with
no dependents; and (2) a worker with three depend
ents*
The computations of net spendable earnings for
both the factory worker with no dependents and the
factory worker with three dependents are based upon
the gross average weekly earnings for a ll production
workers in manufacturing industries without regard to
marital status, family composition, and total family
income.
Net spendable weekly earnings in 1947-4-9 dollars
represent an approximate measure of changes in "rea l”
net spendable weekly earnings, "Real” earnings sire
computed by dividing the current Consumer Price Index
into the spendable earnings average for the current
month. The resulting level of spendable earnings ex
pressed in 194-7-4-9 dollars is thus adjusted for
changes in purchasing power since that base period.
Average Hourly Earnings. Excluding Overtime, of
Production Workers in Ffenufacturing Industries
o ffic ia ls, and sta ff assistants (ICC Group I ) . Gross
average hourly earnings are computed by dividing
total compensation by total hours paid for. Average
weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number
of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, by the
number of employees, as defined above. Gross average
weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by Average hourly earnings.
Because
hours and earnings data for manufacturing and other
nonmanufacturing industries are based upon reports to
the BLS which generally represent 1 weekly pay period
ending nearest the 15th of the month, the data for
railroad employees aTe not stric tly comparable with
other industry information shown in this publication.
These data are based on the application of adjust
ment factors to gross average hourly earnings (as de
scribed in the Monthly Labor Review. Miy 1950, pp. 53754-05 reprint available, Serial No. R, 2020), This
method eliminates only the earnings due to overtime
paid for at one and one-half times the straight-time
rates after 4-0 hours a week* Thus, no adjustment is
made for other premium-payment provisions— for
example, holiday work, la te -sh ift work, and overtime
rates other than time and one-half.
Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Man-Hours
The indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours are pre
pared by dividing the current month’ s aggregate by the
monthly average for the 194-7-4-9 period. These aggre
gates represent the product of average weekly hours
and employment.
STATISTICS F O R
Railroad Hours and Earnings
The figures for Class I railroads (excluding
switching and terminal companies) are based upon month
ly data summarized in the M-300 report of the Inter
state ComnBrce Commission and relate to a ll employees
who received pay during the month, except executives,
of the
hours,
A R E A S
Additional industry detail may be obtainable
from the cooperating State agencies listed on the
inside back cover of this report.
Additional information concerning the preparation
employment,
A N D
State and area employment, hours, and earnings
statistics are collected and prepared by State
agencies in cooperation with the BLS.
These sta
tistics are based on the same establishment reports
used by the BLS for preparing national estimates.
State employment series are adjusted to benchmark
data from State unemployment insurance agencies
and the Bureau of dLd Age and Survivors Insurance.
Because some States have more recent benchmarks
than others and use slightly varying methods of
computation, the sura of the State figures may
differ slightly from the o ffic ia l IT. S. totals
prepared by the BLS.
The aggregate man-hours are defined as total manhours for which pay was received by f u l l - and parttime production or construction workers, including
hours paid for holidays, sick leave, and vacations
taken. The man-hours are for 1 week of the pay period
ending nearest the 15th of the month, and may not be
typical of the entire month.
NOTE:
STATES
earnings,
and
labor
turnover
series---- concepts and scope, survey methods, and relia b ility
and limitations---- is contained in
technical
notes for each
of these series, available from BLS free of charge.
of this information as well as
similar
material
For a ll
for other
BLS sta tistic s, see Techniques of Preparing Major BLS Statis
tic a l Series, BLS Bull. 1168, December 195U.
Copies are on
f i l e in many public and university libraries, or may be ord
ered from the Superintendent of Documents,
U. S. Government
Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. at 65 cents each.
S U M M A R Y
O F
M E T H O D S
FOR
E M P L O Y M E N T ,
Item
C O M P U T I N G
H O U R S ,
A N D
N A T I O N A L
STATISTICS
E A R N I N G S
Total nonagricultural divisions,
major groups, and groups
Individual manufacturing and
nonmanufacturing industries
M O N T H L Y
D A T A
All enrolovees
All-enxployee estimate for previous
month multiplied by ratio of a ll
employees in current month to a ll
employees in previous month for
sample establishments which re
ported for both months.
Sum of all-employee estimates for
component industries.
Production workers
A3l-ereployee estimate for current
month multiplied by ratio of pro
duction workers to a ll employees
in sample establishments for cur
rent month.
Sum of production-worker estimates
for component industries.
Average weekly hours
Total production or nonsupervisory
man-hours divided by number of pro
duction or nonsupervisory workers.
Average, weighted by employment, of
the average weekly hours for com
ponent industries.
Average hourly earnings
Total production or nonsupervisory
worker payroll divided by total
production or nonsupervisory worker
man-hours.
Average, weighted by aggregate manhours, of the average hourly earn
ings for component industries.
Average weekly earnings
Product of average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings.
A N N U A L
A V E R A G E
D A T A
All emolovees and pro
duction workers
Sum of monthly estimates divided
by 12.
Sum of monthly estimates divided
by 12.
Average weekly hours
Annual total of aggregate manhours (employment multiplied
by average weekly hours) divided
by annual sum of employment.
Average, weighted by employment,
of the annual averages of weekly
hours for component industries.
Average hourly earnings
Annual total of aggregate pay
rolls (weekly earnings multiplied
by employment) divided by annual
aggregate man-hours.
Average, weighted by aggregate manhours, of the annual averages of
hourly earnings for component in
dustries.
Average weekly earnings
Product of average weekly hours
and average hourly earnings.
Product of average weekly hours
and average hourly earnings.
G L O S S A R Y
ALL EMPLOYEES - The total number of persons on estab
lishment payrolls who worked full- or part-time or
received pay for any part of the pay period ending
nearest the 15th of the month* Includes salaried
officers of corporations as well as employees on
the establishment payroll engaged in new construc
tion and major additions or alterations to the plant
who are utilized as a separate work force (forceaccount construction workers). Proprietors, selfemployed persons, domestic servants, unpaid family
workers, and members of the Armed Forces are ex
cluded*
CONSTRUCTION WORKERS - Includes working foremen,
journeymen, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, labor
ers, and similar workers engaged in new work, al
terations, demolition, and other actual construc
tion work, at the site of construction or working
in shop or yard at jobs (such as precutting ?nd preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the
construction trades; includes all such workers re
gardless of skill, engaged in any way in contract
construction activities.
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION - Covers only firms engaged in
the construction business on a contract basis for
others. Force-account construction workers, i.e.,
hired directly by and on the payroll of Federal,
State, and local government, public utilities, and
private establishments, are excluded from contract
construction and included in the employment for such
establishments.
DURABLE GOODS - The durable-goods subdivision includes
the following major manufacturing industry groups:
ordnance and accessories; lumber and wood products;
furniture and fixtures; stone, clay, and glass pro
ducts; primary metal industries; fabricated metal
products; machinery; electrical machinery; trans
portation equipment; instruments and related pro
ducts; and miscellaneous manufacturing industries as
defined. This definition is consistent with that
used by other Federal agencies, e*g., Federal Re
serve Board.
speculative builders, subdividers, and developers;
and agents and brokers).
GOVERNMENT - Covers Federal, State, and local govern
ment establishments performing legislative, execu
tive, and judicial functions, including Government
corporations, Government force-account construction,
and such units as arsenals, navy yards, and hospi
tals. Federal government employment excludes em
ployees of the Central Intelligence Agency. State
and local government employment includes teachers,
but excludes, as nominal employees, paid volunteer
firemen and elected officials of small local units.
LABOR TURNOVER:
Separations are terminations of employment during
the calendar month and are classified according to
cause: quits, discharges, layoffs, and miscellaneous
separations (including military), as defined below.
Quits are terminations of employment during the
calendar month initiated by employees for such
reasons as: acceptance of a job in another company,
dissatisfaction, return to school, marriage, mater
nity, ill health, or voluntary retirement where no
company pension is provided* Failure to report aft
er being hired and unauthorized absences of more
than 7 consecutive calendar days are also clas
sified as quits. Prior to 1940, miscellaneous
separations were also included in this category.
Pi AnhArprfts are terminations of employment during
the calendar month inititated by the employer for
such reasons as employees 1 incompetence, violation
of rules, dishonesty, insubordination, laziness,
habitual absenteeism, or inability to meet physical
standards.
Layoffs are terminations of en^loyment during the
calendar month lasting or expected to last more than
7 consecutive calendar days -without pay, initi
ated by the employer without prejudice to the work
er, for such reasons as lack of orders or materials,
release of temporary help, conversion of plant, in
troduction of labor-saving machinery or processes,
or suspensions of operations without pay during
inventory periods.
ESTABLISHI'ENT - "A single physical location where busi
ness is conducted or where services or industrial
operations are performed; for example, a factory,
mill, store, mine, or farm. Where a single physical
location comprises two or more units which maintain
separate payroll and inventory records and which are
engaged in distinct or separate activities for which
different industry classifications are provided in
the Standard Industrial Classification, each unit
shall be treated as a separate establishment. An
establishment is not necessarily identical with the
business concern or firm which may consist of one
or more establishments. It is also to be distin
guished from organizational subunits, departments,
or divisions within an establishment." (Standard
Industrial Classification Manual, U. S. Bureau of
the Budget, Vol. I, Part I, p. 1, November 1945.)
Persons on leave of absence (paid or unpaid)
with the approval of the employer are not counted as
separations until such time as it is definitely de
termined that such persons will not return to work.
At that time, a separation is reported as one of the
above types, depending on the circumstances.
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE - Covers private
establishments operating in the fields of finance
(banks, security dealers, loan agencies, holding com
panies, and other finance agencies); insurance (in
surance carriers and independent agents and bro
kers); and real estate (real estate owners, including
Accessions are the total number of permanent and
temporary additions to the employment roll during
the calendar month, including both new and rehired
employees. Persons returning to work after a layoff,
military separations, or other absences who have been
counted as separations are considered accessions.
Miscellaneous separations (including military)
are terminations of employment during the calendar
month because of permanent disability, death, re
tirement on company pension, and entrance into the
Armed Forces expected to last more than 30 consecu
tive calendar days. Prior to 19140, miscellaneous
separations were included with quits. Beginning
September 1940, military separations were included
here.
MAN-HOURS - Covers man-hours worked or paid for of
specified groups of workers, during the pay period
ending nsarest the 15th of the month. The specified
group of workers in manufacturing and mining indus
tries, laundries, and cleaning, and dyeing plants is
production and related workers; in the contract con
struction industry, i t is construction workers; and
in the other industries, i t is nonsupervisory employees. The man-hours include hours paid for holi
days, sick leave, and vacations taken; i f the em
ployee elects to work during a vacation period, the
vacation pay and the hours i t represents are omitted.
MANUFACTURING - Covers private establishments engaged
in the mechanical or chemical transformation of in
organic or organic substances into new products and
usually described as plants, factories, or mills,
which characteristically use power-driven machines
and materials-handling equipment. Establishments
engaged in assembling component parts of manufac
tured products are also considered manufacturing i f
the new product is neither a structure nor other
fixed improvement. Government manufacturing opera
tions such as arsenals and navy yards are excluded
from manufacturing and are included under Government.
MINIMj - Covers establishments engaged in the extrac
tion from the earth of Organic and inorganic miner
als which occur in nature as solids, liquids, or
gase3; includes various contract services required
in mining operations, such as removal of overburden,
tunneling and shafting, and the drilling or acidiz
ing of o il wells; also includes ore dressing, beneficiating, and concentration.
NONDURABLE GOODS - The nondurable-goods subdivision
includes the following major manufacturing industry
groups: food and kindred products; tobacco manu
factures; textile-m ill products; apparel and other
finished textile products; paper and allied products;
printing, publishing, and allied industries; chemi
cals and allied products; products of petroleum and
coal; rubber products; and leather and leather pro
ducts. This definition is consistent with that
used by other Federal agencies, e .g ., Federal Re
serve Board.
NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES - Includes employees (not
above the working supervisory level) such as office
and clerical workers, repairmen, salespersons,
operators, drivers, attendants, service employees,
linemen, laborers, janitors, watchmen, and similar
occupational levels, and other employees whose
services are closely associated with those of the
employees listed .
OVERTIME HOURS - Covers premium overtime hours of pro
duction and related workers during the pay period
ending nearest the 15>th of the month. Overtime hours
are those for which premiums were paid because the
hours were in excess of the number of hours of either
the straight-time workday or workweek. Weekend and
holiday hours are included only if premium wage rates
were paid. Hours for which only shift differential,
hazard, incentive or other similar types of premiums
were paid are excluded.
PAYROLL - The weekly payroll for the specified groups
8-E
of full- and part-time employees who worked during,
or received pay for, any part of the pay period
ending nearest the l$th of the month. The specified
group of employees in the manufacturing and mining
industries, laundries, and cleaning and dyeing
plants is production and related workers; in the
contract construction industry, it is construction
workers; and in the other industries, it is non
supervisory employees and working supervisors. The
payroll is reported before deductions for old-age
and unemployment insurance, group insurance, with
holding tax, bonds, and union dues; also includes
pay for sick leave, holidays, and vacations taken.
Excludes cash payments for vacations not taken,
retroactive pay not earned during period reported,
value of payments in kind, and bonuses, unless
earned and paid regularly each pay period.
PRODUCTION AND RELATED WORKERS - Includes working fore
men and all nonsupervisory workers (including lead
men and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing,
assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling,
packing, warehousing, shipping, maintenance, repair,
janitorial, watchman services, products development,
auxiliary production for plant’
s own use (e.g.,
power Diant), and recordkeeping and other services
closely associated with the above production opera
tions .
REGIONS:
North - Includes all States except the 17 listed as
South.
South - Includes the following 17 States: Alabama,
Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi,
North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee,
Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia.
(In the case of sawmills and planning mills, general,
a third region is identified - the West - and in
cludes California, Oregon, and Washington.)
SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS - Covers establishments pri
marily engaged in rendering services to individuals
and business firms, including automotive repair
services. Excludes domestic service workers. Non
government schools, hospitals, museums, etc., are
included under service and miscellaneous; similar
Government establishments are included under Govern
ment,
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES - Covers only pri
vate establishments engaged in providing all types
of transportation and related services; telephone,
telegraph, and other communication services or pro
viding electricity, gas, steam, water, or sanitary
service. Similar Government establishments are in
cluded under Government.
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRACE - Covers establishments en
gaged in wholesale trade, i.e., selling merchandise
to retailers, and in retail trade, i,e., selling
merchandise for personal or household consumption,
and rendering service incidental to the sales of
goods. Similar Government establishments are in
cluded under Government.
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SUPERINTENDENT OF D O C U M E N T S
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U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1956 O -411061
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