Full text of Employment and Earnings : August 1988
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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
August 1988
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Ann McLaughlin. Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of
Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of the
BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
cover.
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Calendar of Features
In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.
Household data
Annual averages
Union affiliation
Revised seasonally adjusted series
Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)
Jan.
Industry detail (final)
Mar.
Women employees (final)
Mar.
National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and new
seasonal adjustment factors
Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
additional mailing addresses.
June
Revised historical national data
Supplement1
State and area annual averages
May
Area definitions
Material in this publication is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without
permission.
Jan., Feb.
Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons
not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin,
Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans, family
relationship data, weekly earnings data, and metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and poverty-nonpoverty
area data
Jan., Apr., July, Oct.
Communications on material in this publication should
be addressed to: Editors. Employment and Earnings,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212, or
phone: Gloria P. Green (202) 523-1959 Send correspondence on circulation and subscription matters (including address changes) to the Superintendent of
Documents.
ISSN 0013-6840
Jan.
Jan.
May
State and area labor force data
Annual averages
1
The latest supplement was published in July 1987.
May
Employment and Earnings
Vol. 35
No. 8 August 1988
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein
Contents
Page
List of statistical tables .
Employment and unemployment developments, July 1988 .
2
4
Statistical tables:
HistoricalHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment . . . .
Hours and earnings
6
43
79
Not seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National..
State and area .
Hours and earnings:
National. .
State and area
State and area labor force data
9
44
60
82
104
112
Seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment . . . .
Hours and earnings
Productivity data
Explanatory notes .
36
56
101
109
117
MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Employment Status
AAAAAAA-
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
6
7
8
9
12
13
A - 8.
A - 9.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date . . .
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1977 to date .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race . . . .
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age . . . . . . . .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin.
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age .
Employed and unemployed full-and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
A-10.
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship .
lg
14
16
17
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-l 5.
A-16.
A-17.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.
Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex.
Unemployed persons by occupation and sex .
Unemployed persons by industry and s e x . . .
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment.
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment.
Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used .
j9
20
21
22
23
23
24
25
26
26
Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex..
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age .
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker .
Employed civilians by industry and occupation
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status.
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time
status .
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full-or part-time status .
.
27
28
29
30
31
31
32
32
33
34
35
Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed
in the United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age,
seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age,
and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted .
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted .
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted...
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted.
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted.
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted.
36
37
38
39
40
40
41
41
42
42
MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page
Employment—National
BBBB-
1.
2.
3.
4.
B- 5.
B- 6.
B- 7.
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1936 to date .
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry .
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted .
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
..
...............
Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased, seasonally adjusted.
43
44
55
^
57
58
59
Employment—States and Areas
B- 8.
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
59
Hours and Earnings—National
C- 1.
C- 2.
C- 2a.
C- 3.
C- 4.
C- 5.
C- 6.
C- 7.
Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date . . . . . .
Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by detailed industry
Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
...
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls .
Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars .
Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted .
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted .
The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted .
79
82
98
99
100
101
102
103
Hours and Earnings—States and Areas
C- 8.
Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas .
104
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
C- 9.
C-10.
C-ll.
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates .
109
110
Ill
MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
D- 1.
Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas .
112
Employment and Unemployment
Developments, July 1988
Payroll employment continued to increase in July and
unemployment was little changed. Both the overall and the
civilian worker jobless rates were 5.4 percent.
Nonagricultural payroll employment, as measured by the
survey of business establishments, rose by 285,000 in July,
seasonally adjusted. By contrast, total civilian employment,
as measured by the household survey, was about unchanged,
after increasing by an unusually large amount in June.
Unemployment
The number of unemployed persons in July totaled 6.6
million, seasonally adjusted, and the unemployment rate for
civilian workers was 5.4 percent. Both figures were little
changed from June. Since July of last year, the number of
unemployed persons has fallen by 630,000, and the jobless
rate has declined six-tenths of a percentage point.
A large part of the over-the-year improvement in
unemployment occurred among adult men. Their jobless rate
for July (4.5 percent) and that for adult women (5.1 percent)
were essentially unchanged, while the rate for teenagers rose
by 1.6 percentage points to 15.2 percent, near its May level.
The rates for whites (4.7 percent) and blacks (11.4
percent)—including black teenagers (31.1 percent)—were
little changed from June. The rate for Hispanics fell to 8.0
percent. (See tables A-33 and A-34.)
Civilian employment and the labor force
Civilian employment was essentially unchanged at 115.1
million in July, following large swings in recent months. The
employment-population ratio held at a high of 62.3 percent.
The civilian labor force edged upward by 210,000 in July
to 121.7 million. This was 1.8 million above the July 1987
level. (See table A-33.)
Industry payroll employment
Employment in nonagricultural establishments rose by
285,000 in July. This increase, coupled with a substantial
upward revision of the preliminary June estimates, brought
the number of payroll jobs to 106.3 million, seasonally
adjusted. Strong gains occurred in manufacturing and several
industries in the service-producing sector. (See table B-4.)
Manufacturing continued to display vigorous employment
growth, as the number of factory jobs rose by 70,000 to reach
19.6 million. As in the previous month, most of this increase
was in durable goods manufacturing, especially machinery.
Elsewhere in the goods sector, employment in construction
rose very slightly in July, after increasing by 70,000 in June.
While jobs in general building contracting have shown little
strength this summer, there have been strong gains in the
special trades (plumbing, electrical, masonry, etc.).
Employment in the service-producing sector rose by about
200,000 in July. Retail trade gained 80,000 jobs, equaling
June's strong growth; recent increases have been widespread
throughout the industry, except for general merchandise
stores. Employment in the fast-growing services division was
up by a relatively modest 65,000 in July but has gained about
360,000 jobs since April. Wholesale trade continued to
exhibit strong job growth with an increase of 25,000, entirely
in durable goods distribution.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls rose by 0.2 hour
to 34.9 hours in July, seasonally adjusted. While the factory
workweek and overtime were unchanged at 41.1 and 3.9
hours, respectively, they remained very high by historical
standards. (See table C-5.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls,
at 126.3 (1977 = 100), rose by 0.7 percent, seasonally
adjusted. The index for manufacturing rose by 0.6 percent
to 96.7. (See table C-6.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of private production or
nonsupervisory workers rose 0.4 percent in July to $9.32,
seasonally adjusted, and average weekly earnings rose by
1.0 percent, reflecting the increases in hourly earnings and
in the length of the workweek. Prior to seasonal adjustment,
average hourly earnings rose by 2 cents to $9.25, and average
weekly earnings increased by $1.63 to $324.68. (See tables
C-l and C-7.)
The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 178.9 (1977 = 100)
in July, seasonally adjusted, an increase of 0.5 percent from
June. For the 12 months ended in July, the increase was 3.6
percent. In dollars of constant purchasing power, the HEI
decreased 0.5 percent during the 12-month period ending in
June. The HEI is computed so as to exclude the effects of
two types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate
movements—fluctuations in manufacturing overtime and
interindustry employment shifts. (See table C-7.)
Beginning in 1989, the Hourly Earnings Index will no
longer appear in this publication. For further information,
see "Employment Cost Index Series to Replace Hourly
Earnings Index," Monthly Labor Review, July 1988, pp.
32-34. ECl data are currently published quarterly in a news
release, in the Monthly Labor Review, and in Current Wage
Developments.
Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month
Release date
Reference month
Release date
August
September 2
November
December 2
September
October 7
December
January 6
October
November 4
January
February 3
L
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month
Noninstitutional
population
Number
Total
Resident
Armed
Forces
65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606
60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296
3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4
47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602
2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347
75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8
54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900
1,604
1,645
1,668
1,676
1,697
1,706
1,706
1,737
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.1
60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
I9601
1961 .
19621
1963 .
1964 .
1965 .
1966 .
1967 .
1968 ,
1969 .
119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573
71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972
60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8
67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140
1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238
1970 ,
1971 ,
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979
139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460
84,889
86,355
88,847
91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826
100,665
103,882
106,559
61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0
80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421
1980
1981
169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912
182,293
184,490
108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167
119,540
121,602
64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1
65.6
65.9
100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106,702
108,856
111,303
114,177
19861
1987
Number
44,678
44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960
2,142
2,064
1,965
1,948
1,847
1,788
1984
1985
Nonagricultural
industries
5.4
4.3
4.0
4.2
6.6
5.3
62,251
64,234
65,764
66,019
64,883
66,418
1983
Agriculture
Not in
labor
force
3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740
59.6
60.0
60.7
60.3
60.1
59.9
1982
Total
Percent
of
labor
force
53,904
55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065
65,785
67,087
68,517
68,877
69,486
70,157
.
.
.
.
.
.
Civilian
Annual averages
60,109
6,205
62,170
6,450
63,799
6,283
64,071
5,947
63,036
5,586
64,630
5,565
110,463
111,747
112,919
114,213
115,574
117,117
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
Unemployed
Employed
Percent
of
population
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
July
August
September
October ....
November
December
184,605
184,738
184,904
185,052
185,225
185,370
121,610
122,042
121,706
122,128
122,349
122,472
65.9
66.1
65.8
66.0
66.1
66.1
114,359
114,786
114,615
114,951
115,259
115,494
1,720
1,736
1,743
1,741
1,755
1,750
112,639
113,050
112,872
113,210
113,504
113,744
3,212
3,143
3,184
3,249
3,172
3,215
109,427
109,907
109,688
109,961
110,332
110,529
7,251
7,256
7,091
7,177
7,090
6,978
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.7
62,995
62,696
63,198
62,924
62,876
62,898
1988:
January ..
..
February .
.
March
April
May
June
July
185,571
185,705
185,847
185,964
186,088
186,247
186,402
122,924
123,084
122,639
123,055
122,692
123,157
123,357
66.2
66.3
66.0
66.2
65.9
66.1
66.2
115,878
116,145
115,839
116,445
115,909
116,703
116,732
1,749
1,736
1,736
1,732
1,714
1,685
1,673
114,129
114,409
114,103
114,713
114,195
115,018
115,059
3,293
3,228
3,204
3,228
3,035
3,085
3,046
110,836
111,182
110,899
111,485
111,160
111,933
112,014
7,046
6,938
6,801
6,610
6,783
6,455
6,625
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.4
62,647
62,621
63,208
62,909
63,396
63,090
63,045
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation.
NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data
(shown in tables A-1 through A-3 and A-32 through A-53) for the most
recent 5-year period are made at the end of each calendar year.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1977 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Sex, year,
and month
Noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Total
Civilian
Resident
Armed
Forces
Total
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Annual averages
MEN
1977
1978 1
1979
76,756
78,107
79,509
59,959
61,151
62,215
78.1
78.3
78.2
56,291
58,010
59,096
,563
,531
,489
54,728
56,479
57,607
2,671
2,718
2,686
52,057
53,761
54,921
3,667
3,142
3,120
6.1
5.1
5.0
16,797
16,956
17,293
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986 1 . . . . . . . .
1987
80,877
82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025
87,349
88,476
62,932
63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967
66,973
67,784
77.8
77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.7
76.6
58,665
58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447
62,443
63,684
,479
,512
1,529
,533
,551
,556
1,551
1,577
57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
6.8
7.2
9.7
9.7
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.1
17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
July
August
September
October
November
December
88,534
88,598
88,683
88,756
88,849
88,924
67,671
67,937
67,776
67,947
68,019
68,030
76.4
76.7
76.4
76.6
76.6
76.5
63,711
63,916
63,949
64,048
64,174
64,245
1,561
1,575
1,581
1,580
1,593
1,589
62,150
62,341
62,368
62,468
62,581
62,656
2,547
2,489
2,547
2,569
2,491
2,523
59,603
59,852
59,821
59,899
60,090
60,133
3,960
4,021
3,827
3,899
3,845
3,785
5.9
5.9
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.6
20,863
20,661
20,907
20,809
20,830
20,894
89,033
89,099
89,168
89,225
89,287
89,367
89,445
68,243
68,343
68,148
68,445
68,318
68,429
68,521
76.6
76.7
76.4
76.7
76.5
76.6
76.6
64,396
64,636
64,332
64,892
64,583
64,934
65,002
1,588
1,577
1,573
1,569
1,553
1,523
1,512
62,808
63,059
62,759
63,323
63,030
63,411
63,490
2,593
2,510
2,474
2,467
2,391
2,422
2,471
60,216
60,548
60,285
60,856
60,639
60,988
61,019
3,847
3,707
3,816
3,553
3,736
3,495
3,519
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.2
5.5
5.1
5.1
20,790
20,756
21,020
20,780
20,969
20,938
20,924
1988:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
Annual averages
WOMEN
1977
1979
83,932
85,434
86,951
40,705
42,731
44,343
48.5
50.0
51.0
37,381
39,669
41,325
92
100
108
37,289
39,569
41,217
612
669
661
36,677
38,900
40,556
3,324
3,061
3,018
8.2
7.2
6.8
43,227
42,703
42,608
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
88,472
89,751
90,887
91,827
92,924
93,886
94,944
96,013
45,611
46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200
52,568
53,818
51.6
52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5
55.4
56.1
42,241
43,133
43,395
44,190
46,061
47,409
48,861
50,494
124
133
139
143
146
150
155
160
42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
656
667
665
680
653
644
652
666
41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
19781
,
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
July
August
September.
October
November..
December ..
96,071
96,140
96,221
96,295
96,376
96,446
53,939
54,105
53,930
54,181
54,330
54,442
56.1
56.3
56.0
56.3
56.4
56.4
50,648
50,870
50,666
50,903
51,085
51,249
159
161
162
161
162
161
50,489
50,709
50,504
50,742
50,923
51,088
665
654
637
680
681
692
49,824
50,055
49,867
50,062
50,242
50,396
3,291
3,235
3,264
3,278
3,245
3,193
6.1
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.9
42,132
42,035
42,291
42,114
42,046
42,004
1988:
January
February
March
April
May...... ..
June
July
96,538
96,606
96,679
96,739
96,801
96,880
96,957
54,681
54,740
54,491
54,610
54,374
54,728
54,836
56.6
56.7
56.4
56.5
56.2
56.5
56.6
51,482
51,509
51,507
51,553
51,327
51,769
51,730
161
159
163
163
161
162
161
51,321
51,350
51,344
51,390
51,166
51,607
51,569
700
717
730
761
645
662
575
50,621
50,633
50,614
50,629
50,521
50,944
50,994
3,200
3,231
2,985
3,057
3,047
2,960
3,106
5.9
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.7
41,857
41,866
42,188
42,129
42,427
42,152
42,121
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Year
and
month
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployment rates
Civilian labor force
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Unemployed
Total
Men
Women
Annual averages
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
108,321
109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329
63,643
65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369
58.8
59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3
60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630
3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740
5.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5
5.3
4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2
6.0
4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9
1962 . ...
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335
69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734
59.4
59.3
56.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1
65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7
1970
1971
19721 . ..
19731
..
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781 . ..
1979
137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863
82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962
60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861 . ..
1987
167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
I9601
...
1961
1
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
July
August
September
October
November
December
182,885
183,002
183,161
183,311
183,470
183,620
119,890
120,306
119,963
120,387
120,594
120,722
65.6
65.7
65.5
65.7
65.7
65.7
112,639
113,050
112,872
113,210
113,504
113,744
7,251
7,256
7,091
7,177
7,090
6,978
6.0
6.0
5.9
6.0
5.9
5.8
6.0
6.1
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.7
6.1
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.9
1988:
January ..
..
February .
March
April
May
June .
July
183,822
183,969
184,111
184,232
184,374
184,562
184,729
121,175
121,348
120,903
121,323
120,978
121,472
121,684
65.9
66.0
65.7
65.9
65.6
65.8
65.9
114,129
114,409
114,103
114,713
114,195
115,018
115,059
7,046
6,938
6,801
6,610
6,783
6,455
6,625
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.3
5.4
5.8
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.6
5.2
5.3
5.9
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.7
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1988
Not in labor force
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Total
Keeping
house
Going
to
school
Unable
to
work
Other
reasons
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years ...
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years .........
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ........
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
184,729
14,533
7,298
7,236
18,441
101,515
42,656
21,290
21,366
34,784
18,860
123,888
10,143
4,421
5,721
15,204
83,707
35,443
15,924
24,074
12,976
11,098
21,642
10,861
13,494
19,043
10,583
8,460
11,599
7,070
4,529
3,235
1,967
801
468
10,782
28,599
9,807
7,690
11,102
17,775
17,667
29,220
15,726
67.1
69.8
60.6
79.1
82.4
82.5
83.1
83.5
82.7
84.0
83.4
84.7
79.1
81.6
76.2
53.6
65.1
42.0
11.3
20.1
10.4
4.2
117,066
8,661
3,672
4,988
13,926
80,072
78.1
73.4
63.9
83.2
90.0
93.7
94.6
94.1
95.1
94.7
94.9
94.5
90.6
93.2
87.5
66.6
79.6
53.1
16.8
26.1
14.7
8.5
65,164
4,541
1,963
2,578
7,397
44,691
18,905
9,308
9,597
57.0
66.2
57.2
75.0
75.4
71.7
71.9
73.2
70.6
73.8
72.3
75.5
68.3
70.6
65.6
42.0
51.9
32.3
7.4
15.0
7.2
1.7
51,902
4,119
1,709
2,410
6,530
35,381
14,684
7,403
7,282
12,539
33,590
16,711
16,879
28,080
15,065
13,016
18,402
10,212
8,190
11,269
6,874
4,396
3,137
1,905
777
455
6,823
1,482
749
733
1,278
3,634
1,853
1,065
789
1,140
662
478
641
372
270
330
197
133
98
62
24
13
5.5
14.6
16.9
12.8
8.4
4.3
5.2
6.0
4.5
3.9
4.2
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.2
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.0
2.8
60,841
4,391
2,876
1,514
3,237
17,808
7,213
3,514
3,698
5,564
3,134
2,430
5,030
2,391
2,638
5.1
15.5
17.5
13.9
7.9
3.9
4.7
5.4
4.0
3.5
3.7
3.3
3.0
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.6
3.0
2.7
2.6
3.5
2.1
19,240
1,951
6.0
13.6
16.3
11.6
9.0
4.9
5.9
6.7
5.0
4.4
4.8
3.8
3.8
4.0
3.6
2.9
3.0
2.8
3.6
4.0
2.2
4.8
41,601
10,043
3,790
6,253
25,363
7,839
6,889
10,634
28,418
583
254
329
1,515
12,288
5,145
2,404
2,741
3,922
2,269
1,656
3,221
1,622
1,600
4,852
2,113
2,739
9,180
2,955
2,513
3,712
2,165
859
487
372
634
628
412
265
148
168
102
67
47
30
17
35
23
12
10
4
4
2
3,135
37
18
19
98
1,237
344
174
171
370
191
179
523
224
300
738
352
385
1,025
243
169
614
27,124
2,912
2,117
795
990
3,655
1,312
672
640
1,105
575
530
1,239
517
722
4,418
1,302
3,116
15,148
4,637
4,206
6,305
534
70
44
26
37
192
74
38
36
50
33
17
68
34
34
67
32
35
168
53
54
61
960
397
247
150
304
242
174
123
52
57
38
20
10
4
6
13
9
4
4
2
1
1
1,790
19
9
10
49
830
237
115
123
264
145
119
329
136
193
467
234
233
425
135
88
202
15,956
1,465
1,045
419
506
1,861
639
339
301
531
257
274
690
253
438
2,859
781
2,079
9,265
3,098
2,692
3,475
27,883
512
210
303
1,478
12,096
5,071
2,366
2,705
3,872
2,233
1,639
3,153
1,588
1,566
4,785
2,081
2,704
9,012
2,902
2,459
3,651
1,205
462
240
221
330
386
238
142
96
111
64
47
36
26
11
22
14
7
6
2
3
1
1,345
18
9
9
48
407
106
59
48
106
46
60
194
88
107
271
118
153
601
108
81
412
11,168
1,447
1,072
375
485
1,794
672
333
339
573
318
256
549
264
284
1,559
522
1,037
5,883
1,539
1,514
2,830
Men
16 years and over...
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ........
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
87,933
7,325
3,726
3,599
8,924
68,693
5,373
2,380
49,639
20,967
10,455
46,513
10,512
17,013
9,246
7,767
11,659
6,287
5,372
2,993
8,028
19,842
9,841
10,000
16,110
8,772
7,338
10,561
5,860
4,701
10,191
5,177
6,785
4,121
5,015
2,664
11,855
4,449
1,993
1,161
487
346
3,321
4,085
15,541
8,446
7,096
10,244
5,677
4,567
6,596
4,013
2,583
1,939
1,131
469
339
3,529
832
416
416
632
1,822
936
533
404
569
327
242
317
183
134
189
108
81
54
30
17
7
1,346
606
896
3,126
1,125
614
511
902
473
429
1,098
426
671
3,406
1,055
2,351
9,862
3,288
2,834
3,739
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
,.
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over ....
96,796
7,209
3,572
3,637
9,517
51,876
21,689
10,835
10,854
17,772
9,614
8,157
12,415
6,689
5,726
11,451
5,684
5,767
55,195
4,769
2,042
2,728
7,176
37,194
15,602
7,934
7,667
13,110
6,954
6,156
8,482
4,723
3,759
5,358
4,814
2,949
1,865
1,242
806
4,369
314
7,017
122
16,744
6,619
5,920
8,158
4,535
3,623
4,673
2,861
1,813
1,198
774
308
116
3,294
650
333
317
646
1,813
917
532
385
571
335
236
324
189
136
141
88
52
44
32
7
6
2,439
1,530
909
2,341
14,682
6,087
2,900
3,187
4,662
2,661
2,001
3,933
1,965
1,967
6,637
2,735
3,902
15,502
4,551
4,055
6,895
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1988
Not in labor force
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
158,279
11,861
5,903
5,958
15,250
86,427
35,908
17,872
18,036
29,823
16,033
13,790
20,697
11,158
9,540
18,990
9,424
9,567
25,749
8,768
6,934
10,047
75,911
5,983
3,021
2,963
7,465
42,772
17,887
8,876
9,012
14,748
7,957
6,791
10,137
5,481
4,656
Unemployed
Going
to
school
Unable
to
work
Percent
of
population
Employed
106,381
8,617
3,771
4,846
12,897
71,661
30,081
15,072
15,009
25,077
13,403
11,674
16,502
9,174
7,327
10,294
6,208
4,086
2,913
1,784
696
432
67.2
72.6
63.9
81.3
84.6
82.9
83.8
84.3
83.2
84.1
83.6
84.7
79.7
82.2
76.8
54.2
65.9
42.7
11.3
20.3
10.0
4.3
101,432
7,579
3,240
4,339
12,018
68,991
28,765
14,334
14,431
24,255
12,935
11,320
15,971
8,866
7,105
10,015
6,052
3,963
2,829
1,733
678
418
4,949
1,038
530
508
879
2,669
1,316
737
579
822
468
354
531
309
222
279
155
124
84
51
19
13
4.7
12.0
14.1
10.5
6.8
3.7
4.4
4.9
3.9
3.3
5.5
3.0
3.2
3.4
4.2
2.7
2.5
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.7
3.0
51,898
3,244
2,133
1,112
2,353
14,768
5,827
2,801
3,026
4,746
2,630
2,116
4,195
1,983
2,213
8,696
3,216
5,481
22,836
6,984
6,237
9,615
24,760
407
173
234
1,198
10,528
4,324
2,010
2,315
3,469
2,020
• 1,501
2,735
1,364
1,405
4,274
1,831
2,443
8,354
2,642
2,298
3,413
1,432
560
311
248
415
431
272
180
92
118
68
51
41
25
16
20
13
7
7
2
3
1
2,418
32
14
18
51
936
255
123
132
294
144
151
387
167
219
570
264
306
829
199
134
496
23,288
2,246
1,634
612
690
2,872
976
487
488
865
428
437
1,032
429
603
3,832
1,108
2,724
13,647
4,139
3,803
5,705
4,521
4,478
10,691
4,001
2,997
3,693
59,725
4,529
2,016
2,512
6,872
40,430
17,099
8,461
8,638
14,066
7,613
6,453
9,264
5,147
4,117
6,058
3,643
2,415
1,836
1,085
433
318
78.7
75.7
66.8
84.8
92.1
94.5
95.6
95.3
95.9
95.4
95.7
95.0
91.4
93.9
88.4
67.3
80.6
53.9
17.2
27.1
14.4
8.6
57,125
3,943
1,726
2,217
6,419
39,077
16,426
8,089
8,337
13,648
7,387
6,261
9,003
4,996
4,007
5,899
3,558
2,341
1,786
1,058
419
310
2,600
586
291
295
454
1,353
673
371
302
418
226
192
261
151
110
159
85
74
50
27
15
7
4.4
12.9
14.4
11.7
6.6
3.3
3.9
4.4
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.3
3.0
2.7
2.5
3.5
2.3
16,186
1,454
1,004
450
593
2,343
789
415
373
682
344
338
873
334
539
2,941
878
2,063
8,855
2,916
2,564
3,375
388
47
28
19
19
139
45
23
23
44
28
16
49
24
26
56
25
32
127
38
37
52
607
248
146
102
198
157
117
81
36
34
21
13
6
1
5
2
2
1,387
16
7
8
23
651
174
82
92
210
112
99
267
105
161
368
180
188
331
107
71
153
13,804
1,144
823
321
354
1,396
452
229
223
393
183
210
551
204
347
2,515
671
1,844
8,395
2,770
2,456
3,169
82,367
5,878
2,882
2,995
7,785
43,655
18,020
8,996
9,024
15,075
8,076
6,999
10,560
5,677
4,884
9,991
4,902
5,089
15,058
4,767
3,937
6,354
46,656
4,088
1,754
2,334
6,025
31,231
12,982
6,611
6,371
11,011
5,790
5,221
7,238
4,027
3,210
4,236
2,564
1,672
1,077
699
263
114
56.6
69.6
60.9
77.9
77.4
71.5
72.0
73.5
70.6
73.0
71.7
74.6
68.5
70.9
65.7
42.4
52.3
32.8
7.1
14.7
6.7
1.8
44,307
3,636
1,515
2,121
5,599
29,914
12,339
6,245
6,094
10,607
5,548
5,059
6,968
3,870
3,098
4,116
2,494
1,621
1,042
675
259
108
2,348
452
239
213
426
1,316
643
366
277
404
242
162
270
158
112
120
70
50
34
24
4
6
5.0
11.1
13.6
9.1
7.1
4.2
5.0
5.5
4.3
3.7
4.2
3.1
3.7
3.9
3.5
2.8
2.7
3.0
3.2
3.4
1.5
5.2
35,712
1,790
1,128
661
1,760
12,425
5,039
2,386
2,653
4,064
2,286
1,778
3,323
1,649
1,674
5,755
2,338
3,417
13,981
4,068
3,673
6,240
24,372
360
145
215
1,179
10,389
4,279
1,987
2,292
3,424
1,963
1,461
2,686
1,338
1,348
4,218
1,807
2,411
8,227
2,604
2,261
3,361
826
312
165
146
217
274
155
99
56
85
47
38
35
24
11
18
11
7
5
2
2
1,030
16
7
9
28
285
82
41
40
84
32
52
120
62
58
202
84
119
498
92
63
343
9,483
1,102
811
291
336
1,476
524
258
265
471
245
227
481
225
256
1,317
437
880
5,252
1,369
1,347
2,536
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Total
Keeping
house
Other
reasons
WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years ..
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years .......
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over ..
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years ........
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years ..,
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over ..
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years ..,=
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years .....
40 to 44 years ...
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years ...
50 to 54 years ..
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years ...
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ..
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
10
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1988
Not in labor force
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Total
Keeping
house
Going
to
school
Unable
to
work
Other
reasons
BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ..:
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
20,715
2,184
1,137
1,047
2,527
11,489
5,243
2,674
2,569
3,719
2,125
1,594
2,527
1,345
1,182
2,111
1,101
1,010
2,404
880
1,523
13,700
1,254
539
716
1,842
9,312
4,254
2,147
2,107
3,153
1,791
1,362
1,905
1,045
860
1,025
664
361
266
150
116
66.1
57.4
47.4
68.4
72.9
81.1
81.1
80.3
82.0
84.8
84.3
85.4
75.4
77.7
72.8
48.6
60.4
35.7
11.1
17.0
7.6
12,031
846
344
502
1,467
8,474
3,758
1,848
1,910
2,898
1,629
1,269
1,817
1,002
816
990
638
352
255
140
114
9,305
1,078
573
505
1,152
5,152
2,373
1,210
1,163
1,657
948
709
1,122
598
525
952
498
453
971
384
586
6,840
679
300
379
927
4,548
2,117
1,062
1,055
1,492
853
639
940
522
418
564
361
203
122
56
66
73.5
62.9
52.3
75.1
80.5
88.3
89.2
87.8
90.7
90.0
90.0
90.1
83.7
87.3
79.6
59.3
72.5
44.7
12.6
14.5
11.3
6,029
460
192
267
757
4,149
1,872
912
960
1,378
767
610
898
501
398
543
347
196
121
55
66
11,410
1,106
564
542
1,375
6,337
2,870
1,464
1,406
2,062
1,177
885
1,405
747
657
1,159
603
557
1,433
496
937
6,860
576
239
337
915
4,764
2,137
1,085
1,052
1,660
938
723
966
523
442
461
303
158
144
94
50
60.1
52.1
42.3
62.2
66.6
75.2
74.5
74.1
74.8
80.5
79.6
81.7
68.8
70.0
67.3
39.8
50.4
28.4
10.1
18.9
5.4
6,002
386
152
235
710
4,325
1,886
936
950
1,521
862
659
919
501
418
447
291
156
134
85
48
12.2
32.6
36.1
29.9
20.3
9.0
11.7
14.0
9.3
8.1
9.0
6.8
4.6
4.1
5.1
3.4
3.9
2.5
4.3
6.0
1.7
7,015
929
599
331
685
2,178
989
526
462
567
335
232
622
300
322
1,086
436
650
2,138
731
1,407
2,777
163
74
89
261
1,227
565
291
274
314
181
132
348
186
162
442
205
238
684
251
434
465
220
129
91
137
101
76
50
26
22
14
8
3
1
2
4
3
812
219
108
111
170
401
245
150
95
115
86
29
41
21
20
20
14
7
1
1
11.9
32.3
35.9
29.4
18.4
8.8
11.6
14.1
9.0
7.7
10.1
4.5
4.4
4.1
4.8
3.6
3.8
3.3
.7
2,464
399
273
126
225
605
256
148
108
165
95
70
183
76
107
388
137
250
848
329
520
128
22
15
7
19
46
28
15
12
3
2
200
103
66
37
55
37
23
20
3
12
9
3
857
189
87
103
204
438
252
150
102
140
76
64
47
22
24
14
12
12.5
32.9
36.4
30.4
22.3
9.2
11.8
13.8
9.7
8.4
8.1
8.8
4.9
4.3
5.5
3.1
4.0
1.4
7.4
9.0
4,551
530
325
205
460
1,573
733
378
354
402
240
162
439
224
215
698
299
399
1,289
402
887
2,650
141
59
82
242
1,181
537
276
262
311
179
132
333
177
156
436
203
233
649
241
409
409
194
214
375
839
497
300
197
254
162
93
88
43
44
35
26
9
11
9
2
3
2
1
652
5
4
2
46
263
84
49
35
64
40
24
115
48
67
149
72
77
189
43
146
3,123
541
391
149
241
588
264
138
126
168
99
68
156
65
92
491
156
335
1,262
436
826
361
3
1,778
270
190
80
125
362
145
81
64
108
56
51
109
38
71
298
95
203
723
289
433
Men
2
CVJ
2
5
35
10
25
2
3
3
CVJ
CVJ
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years ..;
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ..:
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
2
26
160
60
33
28
43
27
16
57
29
28
82
38
44
90
28
62
Women
1
1
1
1
1
CVJ
1
290
2
CVJ
11
8
264
117
63
54
82
64
53
30
23
10
5
in
CVJ
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years ......
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ......
65 to 69 years
70 years and over . .
.
20
103
24
16
7
21
13
8
58
19
39
67
34
33
99
15
84
1,346
271
201
69
116
226
119
57
62
60
43
17
47
27
21
193
61
132
539
147
393
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
1
1
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1988
Civilian labor force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Age and sex
Total
26,451
2,672
1,395
1,277
3,191
15,087
6,748
3,417
3,330
4,961
2,827
2,134
3,376
1,818
1,559
2,652
1,437
1,215
2,850
1,038
755
1,057
17,508
1,526
651
875
2,307
12,046
5,363
2,704
1,433
4,143
2,323
1,820
2,541
1,409
1,132
1,305
863
443
323
182
104
37
66.2
57.1
46.7
68.5
72.3
79.8
79.5
79.1
43.0
83.5
82.2
85.3
75.3
77.5
72.6
49.2
60.0
36.4
11.3
17.5
13.8
3.5
15,633
1,081
432
650
1,909
11,081
4,825
2,377
2,448
3,825
2,129
1,696
2,431
1,346
1,085
1,254
821
433
308
172
100
37
228
16
12
5
28
134
68
36
33
38
22
16
28
7
21
32
19
13
17
4
9
4
15,405
1,065
420
645
1,880
10,947
4,757
2,341
2,416
3,787
2,107
1,680
2,403
1,339
1,064
1,222
802
420
292
168
90
34
1,874
444
219
225
398
967
538
327
210
317
194
124
111
63
48
51
42
10
15
10
4
10.7
29.1
33.6
25.8
17.3
8.0
10.0
12.1
14.7
7.7
8.4
6.8
4.3
4.5
4.2
3.9
4.8
2.2
4.5
5.5
3.8
1
()
8,943
1,146
744
403
884
3,040
1,385
714
672
819
503
315
835
409
426
1,347
575
772
2,527
855
652
1,019
12,022
1,341
705
636
1,459
6,866
3,079
1,579
1,500
2,265
1,289
976
1,522
806
716
1,192
656
536
1,164
448
323
393
8,968
844
363
481
1,156
6,083
2,743
1,380
1,362
2,044
1,159
885
1,296
713
583
727
478
249
157
75
54
28
74.6
63.0
51.5
75.6
79.2
88.6
89.1
87.4
90.8
90.3
90.0
90.6
85.2
88.5
81.5
61.0
72.9
46.4
13.5
16.8
16.7
7.1
8,039
599
238
361
978
5,613
2,479
1,219
1,260
1,893
1,058
835
1,241
681
560
697
455
242
153
73
52
28
199
17
12
5
18
118
61
30
31
31
18
13
26
5
21
31
18
13
16
3
9
4
7,840
582
226
356
959
5,496
2,419
1,189
1,230
1,862
1,041
822
1,215
676
539
666
437
229
137
70
42
25
929
246
126
120
178
470
263
161
102
151
101
50
56
32
24
31
23
7
4
2
2
10.4
29.1
34.5
25.0
15.4
7.7
9.6
11.7
7.5
7.4
8.7
5.6
4.3
4.5
4.0
4.2
4.9
3.0
2.8
2.9
1
()
(1)
3,054
497
342
155
303
783
337
199
138
221
129
91
225
93
132
465
177
287
1,007
372
270
364
14,429
1,331
690
641
1,732
8,221
3,669
1,838
1,830
2,697
1,538
1,158
1,855
1,012
843
1,460
782
679
1,686
590
432
664
8,540
681
288
394
1,151
5,963
2,620
1,324
1,296
2,099
1,164
935
1,245
696
549
578
385
193
166
107
50
9
59.2
51.2
41.7
61.4
66.5
72.5
71.4
72.0
70.8
77.8
75.7
80.7
67.1
68.8
65.1
39.6
49.2
28.5
9.8
18.1
11.6
1.4
7,594
483
194
289
931
5,468
2,345
1,158
1,188
1,932
1,071
861
1,190
665
525
558
366
191
156
99
48
9
29
_
7,566
484
194
289
921
5,451
2,338
1,152
1,186
1,925
1,066
858
1,188
663
525
556
364
191
154
98
48
9
945
198
93
105
220
497
274
166
108
167
93
74
55
31
24
21
18
2
10
8
2
11.1
29.1
32.5
26.6
19.1
8.3
10.5
12.5
8.4
7.9
8.0
7.9
4.4
4.4
4.4
3.6
4.8
1.1
6.2
7.4
(1)
(1)
5,889
649
402
247
581
2,257
1,049
515
534
598
374
224
610
316
294
882
397
485
1,520
483
382
655
Unemployed
Employed
Percent
of
population
Total
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years ..
30 to 34 years ..
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
.-..;
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years ..
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years ..
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over..
...
.
...
...
Men
16 years and over ..
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years ..
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years ..
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years ..
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
...
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years ..
18 to 19 years ..
20 to 24 years ...
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years ..
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years ..
40 to 44 years ..
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years ..
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years ..
60 to 64 years
65 years and over .
65 to 69 years ..
70 to 74 years
75 years and over..
1
...
....
..
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
12
10
16
7
6
2
7
4
3
2
2
2
2
_
1
1
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over
Total
Employment status and
race
Women, 20 years and
Both sexes, 16 to 19
years
July
1987
July
1988
14,533
47,133
2,643
5.2
39,162
14,628
9,896
67.6
8,383
448
7,934
1,513
15.3
4,732
76,489
42,568
55.7
40,671
621
40,050
1,897
4.5
33,922
11,968
8,436
70.5
7,384
412
6,972
1,051
12.5
3,533
11,861
8,617
72.6
7,579
421
7,158
1,038
12.0
3,244
10,304
2,168
1,205
55.6
794
30
764
411
34.1
963
2,184
1,254
57.4
846
13
833
409
32.6
929
July
1987
July
1988
182,885
122,105
66.8
114,652
3,754
110,898
7,453
6.1
60,779
184,729
123,888
67.1
117,066
3,541
89,588
50,426
56.3
47,783
650
113,524
6,823
5.5
157,058
104,987
66.8
99,609
3,448
96,162
5,378
5.1
52,071
158,279
106,381
67.2
101,432
3,313
98,119
4,949
4.7
51,898
20,373
13,468
66.1
11,645
229
11,416
1,823
13.5
6,905
20,715
13,700
66.1
12,031
165
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
60,841
10,143
69.8
8,661
438
8,223
1,482
14.6
4,391
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .,
Not in labor force
69,928
55,196
78.9
53,182
2,272
50,910
2,014
3.6
14,732
75,878
41,927
55.3
39,975
700
8,227
6,161
74.9
5,569
130
5,439
592
9.6
2,065
10,133
6,104
60.2
5,388
32
5,355
716
11.7
4,030
39,275
1,951
4.7
33,951
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
11,866
1,669
12.2
7,015
8,072
6,159
76.3
5,463
166
5,297
696
11.3
1,912
6,284
61.0
5,616
22
5,594
13
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1988
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Part
time1
Full
time1
Total
Looking
for
full-time
work
Total
Looking
for
part-time
work
>ercent
of
labor
force
TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years ..
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years ...
3,862
1,895
1,967
2,329
1,013
1,315
60.3
53.5
66.9
2,116
868
1,248
904
265
640
1,212
603
608
213
145
67
59
24
36
153
122
31
9.1
14.3
5.1
High school ..
College
Full-time students ..
Part-time students ..
1,134
2,727
1,564
1,163
520
1,809
847
962
45.8
66.3
54.1
82.8
427
1,689
790
899
121
783
307
476
306
906
482
423
93
120
57
63
13
47
25
22
80
73
32
41
17.8
6.6
6.7
6.5
Men, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years .......
20 to 24 years
1,907
914
993
1,163
496
668
61.0
54.2
67.2
1,046
404
642
514
147
367
532
257
274
117
91
26
29
16
13
89
76
13
10.1
18.5
3.9
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students .....
608
1,299
749
550
291
872
405
466
47.9
67.1
54.1
84.8
227
819
389
430
83
432
174
258
145
387
215
172
64
53
17
36
9
20
7
13
56
33
10
23
22.0
6.1
4.1
7.8
Women, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
1,954
981
973
1,166
518
648
59.6
52.8
66.5
1,070
464
606
390
118
272
346
334
95
54
42
31
8
23
65
46
18
8.2
10.4
6.4
High school
College
Full-time students ....
Part-time students ...
526
1,428
815
613
229
937
441
496
43.4
65.6
54.1
80.9
200
870
401
469
38
351
133
218
161
519
268
251
29
67
40
27
4
26
18
9
24
40
23
18
12.5
7.1
9.1
5.4
2,880
1,368
1,511
1,876
794
1,082
65.1
58.0
71.6
1,736
708
1,028
755
222
534
981
486
494
140
86
54
47
14
32
94
72
22
7.5
10.8
5.0
Men
Women .
1,420
1,460
934
942
65.8
64.6
855
881
426
329
429
551
78
62
23
24
55
38
8.4
6.6
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
756
2,124
1,197
927
396
1,480
699
781
52.4
69.7
58.4
84.3
343
1,393
649
744
99
656
255
402
244
737
395
342
53
87
50
38
2
45
26
18
51
43
24
19
13.3
5.9
7.1
4.8
419
274
324
188
136
46.7
44.8
49.7
256
133
123
104
39
64
153
94
59
68
55
13
14
10
4
53
44
20.9
29.2
9.3
Men
Women .
327
366
163
161
49.7
44.1
128
128
62
42
67
34
33
7
7
27
26
21.2
20.6
High school
College
Full-time students ...
Part-time students...
312
382
233
149
114
210
94
115
36.7
54.9
40.5
77.6
76
180
86
95
22
82
25
56
38
29
9
21
11
3
27
26
33.4
14.0
9.1
18.0
20 to 24 years
331
178
153
194
76
118
58.6
42.8
76.9
178
73
105
100
40
60
Men
Women ...
172
159
100
94
58.0
59.1
89
38
62
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
142
189
97
92
64
130
54
76
44.9
68.8
55.9
82.2
62
116
46
70
25
75
42
33
White
Total, 16 to 24 years ..
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years ...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
See footnotes at end of table.
14
10
13
8.1
3.6
11.1
10.7
5.4
12
8
5
10.6
(2)
in
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1988
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Full
time1
Part
,,
Total
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
Percent
of
labor
force
TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
29,113
12,639
16,474
23,018
9,129
13,889
79.1
72.2
84.3
20,471
7,793
12,678
14,853
4,039
10,815
5,618
3,754
1,864
2,547
1,337
1,210
1,898
829
1,069
649
508
141
11.1
14.6
8.7
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
9,966
11,278
5,961
1,908
6,437
9,433
5,376
1,772
64.6
83.6
90.2
92.9
5,230
8,497
5,077
1,667
2,758
6,654
3,979
1,462
2,472
1,843
1,098
206
1,207
936
299
105
796
761
245
97
411
175
55
8
18.8
9.9
5.6
5.9
Men, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years ...
20 to 24 years .
14,342
6,411
7,931
12,239
4,878
7,361
85.3
76.1
92.8
10,892
4,137
6,755
8,311
2,304
6,008
2,581
1,347
740
606
1,043
475
568
304
266
38
11.0
15.2
8.2
5,333
5,326
2,807
876
3,947
74.0
91.9
91.2
95.8
3,215
4,455
2,424
798
1,911
3,765
1,927
708
1,304
690
497
517
371
90
732
440
134
40
215
4,895
2,558
839
118
37
69
16
4
18.5
9.0
5.2
4.8
14,771
6,228
8,543
10,780
4,252
6,528
73.0
68.3
76.4
9,579
3,655
5,924
6,542
1,735
4,807
3,037
1,920
1,117
1,201
596
604
856
354
502
345
242
103
11.1
14.0
9.3
4,632
5,952
3,154
1,032
2,490
2,015
4,043
2,653
1,168
1,153
601
115
165
65
279
390
126
60
196
105
39
4
19.1
10.9
869
847
2,890
2,052
754
475
496
934
53.7
76.2
89.3
90.5
24,231
10,493
13,738
19,638
7,823
11,815
81.0
74.6
86.0
17,861
6,871
10,990
13,053
3,596
9,456
4,808
3,275
1,534
1,777
952
825
1,298
571
727
479
381
98
9.0
12.2
7.0
12,028
12,203
10,468
9,170
87.0
75.1
9,506
8,355
7,313
5,740
2,194
2,615
961
816
726
572
235
244
9.2
8.9
7,992
9,428
5,087
1,724
5,366
8,032
4,630
1,611
67.1
85.2
91.0
93.4
4,505
7,416
4,423
1,517
2,394
5,841
3,475
1,344
2,112
1,576
554
489
167
173
615
207
94
87
306
126
40
7
16.0
7.7
4.5
5.9
4,017
1,764
2,253
2,773
1,067
1,706
69.0
60.5
75.7
2,057
713
1,344
1,431
1,092
626
374
252
716
354
362
561
238
324
154
116
38
25.8
33.2
21.2
Men
Women
1,903
2,115
1,443
1,329
75.9
62.9
1,088
969
797
634
291
334
355
361
293
268
62
93
24.6
27.1
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
1,672
1,575
677
93
904
1,200
578
90
54.1
76.2
85.4
97.0
581
897
492
87
287
689
380
75
294
208
112
12
323
303
87
3
226
258
74
3
97
45
12
35.7
25.3
15.0
3.6
1,848
580
1,407
441
268
173
302
146
157
232
90
142
70
56
15
14.1
20.1
11.0
Total, 16 to 24 years ..
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
4,538
2,818
1,834
747
5.9
6.9
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
,
Men
Women
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
948
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
339
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years ...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
3,035
1,175
1,860
2,150
726
1,424
70.8
61.8
76.5
1,267
313
1,094
Men
Women
1,524
1,511
1,274
877
83.6
58.0
1,091
756
866
540
225
216
182
120
144
88
38
32
14.3
13.7
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
1,569
972
1,021
389
57
803
320
55
62.0
78.7
82.3
788
714
295
" 51
560
574
227
46
229
139
68
5
184
89
25
4
138
67
24
4
46
23
1
18.9
11.1
7.9
1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.
15
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
July
1987
July
1988
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Veteran status
and age
Percent of
labor force
Number
July
1987
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over
7,843
6,210
915
2,589
2,706
1,633
7,905
5,910
685
2,142
3,083
1,995
7,260
5,956
871
2,484
2,601
1,304
7,281
5,653
646
2,034
2,973
1,628
6,877
5,623
786
2,348
2,489
1,254
7,044
5,455
621
1,957
2,877
1,589
383
333
85
136
112
50
237
198
25
77
96
39
5.3
5.6
9.8
5.5
4.3
3.8
3.3
3.5
3.9
3.8
3.2
2.4
19,510
8,869
6,231
4,410
20,450
9,159
6,810
4,481
18,474
8,494
5,882
4,098
19,358
8,735
6,451
4,172
17,665
8,103
5,643
3,919
18,630
8,385
6,210
4,035
809
391
239
179
728
350
241
137
4.4
4.6
4.1
4.4
3.8
4.0
3.7
3.3
NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data
16
are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
July 1988
Unemployed
Employed
Part time
Full time
Sex, age, and race
Total
Full-time
schedules1
Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time
Total
Voluntary1
Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
98,233
4,303
1,232
3,072
93,929
11,454
82,474
71,534
10,942
96,344
4,107
1,174
2,933
92,237
11,139
81,097
70,319
10,779
1,889
196
58
139
1,692
315
1,377
1,215
163
18,833
4,357
2,440
1,917
14,476
2,472
12,003
8,538
3,466
14,581
2,852
1,667
1,185
11,729
1,696
10,032
6,920
3,113
4,252
1,505
773
732
2,747
776
1,971
1,618
353
5,582
852
306
547
4,729
1,105
3,624
3,303
321
1,241
630
443
186
611
172
439
331
108
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
58,849
2,451
56,398
6,375
50,023
42,999
7,025
57,806
2,349
55,457
6,202
49,256
42,330
6,926
1,043
102
941
173
767
669
99
6,315
2,091
4,224
1,022
3,202
1,693
1,510
4,334
1,304
3,030
624
2,406
1,060
1,347
1,981
787
1,194
398
796
633
163
3,041
491
2,550
581
1,969
1,765
205
488
341
147
51
96
58
39
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
39,384
1,854
37,531
5,079
32,452
28,536
3,916
38,538
1,759
36,780
4,937
31,842
27,990
3,852
846
95
751
142
610
546
64
12,518
2,266
10,251
1,451
8,800
6,845
1,955
10,247
1,548
8,698
1,073
7,626
5,860
1,766
2,271
718
1,553
378
1,174
985
189
2,541
362
2,179
525
1,655
1,539
115
752
288
464
121
343
273
69
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
51,735
2,168
49,567
5,571
43,996
37,692
6,303
50,862
2,080
48,782
5,423
43,359
37,143
6,215
873
88
785
148
637
549
88
5,391
1,776
3,615
848
2,767
1,384
1,382
3,789
1,138
2,651
521
2,130
885
1,245
1,602
638
964
327
637
499
137
2,233
342
1,891
407
1,483
1,309
175
368
244
124
46
77
44
33
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
33,279
1,650
31,629
4,419
27,209
23,796
3,413
32,582
1,574
31,008
4,320
26,687
23,331
3,356
697
76
621
99
522
465
57
11,028
1,986
9,042
1,180
7,862
6,117
1,745
9,183
1,345
7,838
891
6,947
5,345
1,602
1,845
641
1,204
289
915
772
143
1,788
243
1,545
352
1,192
1,094
98
560
209
352
74
279
222
56
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
5,338
217
5,120
642
4,479
3,918
560
5,193
206
4,987
620
4,367
3,813
554
145
11
133
22
112
105
6
691
243
448
115
334
229
104
378
122
256
59
198
117
81
313
121
192
56
136
112
23
707
134
572
166
406
388
18
105
85
20
4
17
13
4
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
4,842
161
4,681
515
4,164
3,773
391
4,723
147
4,575
483
4,091
3,706
385
119
14
106
32
73
67
6
1,160
225
935
195
739
550
189
811
163
648
127
521
373
148
349
62
287
68
218
177
41
686
114
572
161
412
399
13
171
75
96
43
52
40
12
White
Black
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according
to whether they usually work full or part time.
17
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1988
Not in labor force
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Family relationship
Total
Percent
of
population
Employed
Percent
of
Number
labor
force
Total
Keeping
house
Going
to
school
Unable
to
work
Other
reasons
Total, 16 years and over1
101,016
67.8
95,318
5,698
5.6
47,923
23,127
1,877
2,258
20,661
Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force
40,053
25,128
1,036
13,889
78.5
92.4
90.4
61.2
38,954
24,524
938
13,493
1,099
604
98
397
2.7
2.4
9.5
2.9
10,988
2,074
110
8,804
172
58
6
108
125
63
4
58
835
280
16
539
9,856
1,673
84
8,099
Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force
28,348
25,462
702
2,184
55.5
65.4
63.9
19.9
27,202
24,524
604
2,074
1,146
938
98
110
4.0
3.7
13.9
5.1
22,693
13,493
397
8,804
18,164
11,811
330
6,023
228
170
16
43
337
121
9
207
3,964
1,391
41
2,531
Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over .
16,034
6,892
5,609
3,532
74.9
72.0
85.9
66.7
14,440
6,070
5,155
3,215
1,594
822
455
317
9.9
11.9
8.1
9.0
5,362
2,676
921
1,765
831
186
143
502
920
525
334
61
342
19
31
292
3,269
1,945
414
910
Women who maintain families
6,572
62.3
6,019
553
8.4
3,982
2,721
107
212
942
Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
5,856
1,837
1,620
2,398
64.4
61.5
76.9
59.9
4,911
1,426
1,340
2,145
945
412
280
253
16.1
22.4
17.3
10.6
3,240
1,149
488
1,603
811
167
133
511
401
245
110
46
338
16
42
280
1,690
720
202
768
Men who maintain families
2,217
75.9
2,087
130
5.9
703
47
86
562
Relatives in families maintained by men ...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
1,936
451
491
995
67.0
73.1
81.6
59.4
1,705
349
440
916
232
102
51
79
12.0
22.6
10.5
7.9
955
166
110
679
381
24
27
330
108
1
6
101
378
97
50
231
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families
where the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women
18
87
44
28
15
who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates
shown in other tables in this publication because of differences in
definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Women
Men
Marital status, race, and age
Thousands of
persons
Unemployment
rates
Thousands of
persons
July
1987
July
1988
3,294
1,252
703
1,339
6.4
4.4
7.2
9.8
6.0
4.3
6.7
8.8
2,348
1,024
504
820
5.4
4.2
6.2
7.4
5.0
3.9
5.9
6.7
857
181
183
492
13.6
7.3
11.4
21.5
12.5
7.4
9.9
19.1
2,036
1,045
649
343
1,998
1,043
629
326
4.8
3.9
6.7
6.0
4.6
3.8
6.2
5.4
3.2
2.5
4.8
5.7
1,446
870
432
143
1,471
853
444
174
4.1
3.7
5.6
3.3
4.0
3.6
5.5
3.8
8.1
5.1
9.9
14.0
521
136
195
190
463
150
171
142
10.1
6.2
10.9
16.0
8.6
6.6
9.5
10.9
July
1987
July
1988
5.1
2.8
5.8
9.7
3,490
1,285
735
1,471
4.9
3.3
5.7
8.5
4.4
2.6
5.2
8.0
2,472
1,074
502
896
812
162
96
554
13.4
6.8
13.0
21.6
11.9
5.1
9.9
20.5
911
172
209
529
2,411
1,406
411
595
2,065
1,107
369
589
4.4
3.5
6.5
7.5
3.7
2.8
5.6
6.9
White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,808
1,132
294
382
1,561
899
267
395
3.8
3.2
5.7
5.9
Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
515
210
110
194
422
154
94
174
9.9
6.8
11.8
16.4
July
1987
July
1988
3,529
1,192
400
1,937
5.8
3.6
6.8
10.4
2,906
1,229
311
1,365
2,600
975
296
1,329
Black, 16 years and over . .
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
912
220
125
567
Total, 25 years and over . ..
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
July
1987
July
1988
Total, 16 years and over . ..
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
3,963
1,513
445
2,005
White, 16 years and over .. .
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Unemployment
rates
l
'
,
19
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation
Unemployment rates>
Women
Men
Total
Total
July
1987
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
6,823
6.1
5.5
5.8
5.1
6.4
6.0
698
310
388
677
316
361
2.5
2.2
2.7
2.3
2.1
2.4
2.1
1.8
2.5
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.9
2.8
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.9
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
1,589
67
681
840
1,537
89
626
822
4.3
1.9
4.8
4.4
4.1
2.4
4.3
4.3
3.4
2.3
2.9
4.8
3.4
2.0
2.9
5.1
4.8
1.4
6.6
4.3
4.5
2.8
5.8
4.1
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
1,250
62
85
1,103
1,173
60
79
1,034
7.5
5.8
4.2
8.2
7.0
5.7
3.7
7.6
7.3
6.7
O
O
3.5
7.9
7.7
6.0
5.2
8.0
7.1
5.8
4.7
7.4
788
208
387
194
676
141
338
198
5.4
4.4
6.9
4.5
4.6
3.0
5.9
4.6
5.3
4.3
6.9
4.1
4.5
2.9
5.9
4.3
6.1
9.0
5.0
5.7
5.4
4.8
5.9
5.5
1,760
774
335
651
161
490
1,445
640
277
527
124
403
8.9
8.5
6.6
11.4
15.7
10.5
7.3
7.2
5.4
9.0
11.4
8.5
8.6
8.0
6.4
11.3
15.8
10.1
6.7
6.0
5.1
9.0
11.0
8.5
9.7
9.3
8.0
12.0
8.9
9.0
7.8
8.9
0
O
Farming, forestry, and fishing
258
255
5.6
6.0
5.6
5.1
5.8
10.4
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
1,090
789
192
109
1,014
757
150
107
July
1987
Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
,
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
20
July
1988
7,453
4.0
8.6
11.9
8.3
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry
Unemployment rates
Women
Men
Total
Total
July
1987
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
6,823
6.1
5.5
5.8
5.1
6.4
6.0
5,368
4,886
5.9
5.2
5.8
5.0
6.0
5.5
71
561
43
523
7.9
8.5
5.3
8.1
8.2
9.1
5.7
8.2
6.3
2.9
3.0
6.5
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Funiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
1,273
778
48
43
35
73
87
134
90
212
148
64
15
39
496
130
35
128
20
60
43
45
32
1,131
653
72
35
28
37
73
117
99
147
91
56
23
23
478
140
32
97
24
77
36
52
20
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.3
5.8
8.5
6.5
5.2
4.0
7.8
11.7
4.4
2.0
6.9
5.5
7.2
4.6
10.1
2.6
3.2
3.2
6.2
7.5
5.0
4.9
9.7
4.3
4.4
4.3
5.4
4.2
4.8
5.3
7.1
3.8
3.1
4.5
5.2
7.4
4.3
7.1
3.1
4.0
2.8
5.9
4.7
5.2
5.9
6.0
4.7
7.0
8.6
7.2
4.8
4.0
7.2
10.2
4.6
2.1
5.9
3.8
5.4
3.2
2.5
1.9
3.5
2.9
4.8
6.8
4.5
4.7
9.6
2.9
2.9
4.6
6.3
3.4
5.0
4.8
6.5
3.3
4.7
4.1
4.0
5.6
3.7
5.1
1.4
3.8
2.3
5.6
3.9
7.0
6.1
5.9
9.7
1.4
8.0
4.2
6.5
4.1
10.1
16.8
4.1
1.9
8.1
7.8
10.5
6.1
12.2
4.6
2.9
4.1
8.2
9.9
6.1
5.4
10.7
7.6
9.4
2.2
2.5
6.9
4.5
7.1
9.6
5.3
.9
4.6
6.8
10.9
4.9
7.8
7.7
4.2
4.1
6.6
5.6
Transportation and public utilities..
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
284
210
75
1,546
185
1,361
226
1,406
521
885
233
174
59
1,414
171
1,243
235
1,307
505
802
4.5
5.7
2.8
6.7
4.1
7.3
3.1
5.6
3.9
7.7
3.6 .
4.7
2.1
6.0
3.9
6.5
3.2
5.1
3.6
6.7
4.2
5.6
2.1
5.7
4.0
6.3
3.6
6.1
3.5
8.0
3.3
4.1
1.9
5.3
3.2
6.0
2.9
5.1
3.2
6.5
5.0
6.1
4.1
7.7
4.4
8.1
2.8
5.4
4.0
7.4
4.4
6.4
2.4
6.8
5.7
6.9
3.3
5.0
3.8
6.9
197
800
1,090
182
740
1,014
9.1
2.9
-
8.9
2.7
-
8.7
2.6
-
7.8
2.1
-
10.4
3.3
-
13.6
3.4
July
1987
7,453
Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience
x
July
1988
21
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment
July
1987
Both sexes,
16 to 19
years
Women,
20 years
and over
Men,
20 years
and over
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
Black
White
July
1987
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
1,482
209
52
157
184
334
755
5,378
2,506
651
1,855
851
1,317
704
4,949
2,231
653
1,578
807
1,284
626
1,823
790
167
623
173
529
331
1,669
651
114
537
145
532
340
100.0
13.3
2.5
10.8
11.6
23.0
52.1
100.0
14.0
3.5
10.5
12.4
22.5
50.9
100.0
46.6
12.1
34.5
15.8
24.5
13.1
100.0
45.1
13.2
31.9
16.3
25.9
12.7
100.0
43.3
9.1
34.2
9.5
29.0
18.1
100.0
39.0
6.8
32.2
8.7
31.9
20.4
2.0
1.8
3.5
8.0
2.0
1.8
3.3
7.4
2.4
.8
1.3
.7
2.1
.8
1.2
.6
5.9
1.3
3.9
2.5
4.8
1.1
3.9
2.5
July
1987
July
1987
July
1988
7,453
3,385
839
2,546
1,068
1 911
1,089
6,823
2,957
781
2,176
975
1 880
1,011
3,187
2,138
512
1,626
443
482
125
2,697
1,727
440
1,287
397
487
86
2,753 2,643
1,021
1,046
288
290
733
756
393
450
1 081 1,059
170
176
1,513
201
38
163
175
348
789
100.0
45.5
11.3
34.2
14.3
25.6
146
100.0
43.3
11.4
31.9
14.3
27.5
148
100.0
67.1
16.1
51.0
13.9
15.1
3.9
100.0
64.0
16.3
47.7
14.7
18.0
3.2
100.0
38.0
10.5
27.5
16.3
39.3
6.4
100.0
38.6
10.9
27.7
14.9
40.1
6.4
2.8
.9
1.6
.9
2.4
.8
1.5
.8
3.4
.7
.8
.2
2.7
.6
.8
.1
2.1
.9
2.2
.4
2.1
.8
2.1
.3
July
1988
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
..
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers..
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
22
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
July 1988
Duration of unemployment
Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age
15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants ..
..
Men 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants .
Women 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Percent
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
6,823
100.0
46.4
32.0
21.6
10.0
11.5
2,957
781
2,176
975
1 880
1,011
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100 0
100.0
37.7
53.8
31.9
55.3
52.0
52.6
30.4
29.2
30.8
30.5
31.6
39.2
31.9
17.0
37.3
14.2
16.4
8.2
14.1
11.3
15.1
6.9
8.3
4.3
17.8
5.7
22.2
7.3
8.1
3.8
2,697
100.0
35.6
32.6
31.8
13.8
18.0
1,727
440
1,287
397
487
86
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
31.8
54.1
24.1
49.1
38.9
32.2
31.0
28.5
31.8
34.6
33.9
49.2
37.3
17.4
44.0
16.3
27.3
18.6
15.5
12.0
16.7
6.5
14.4
8.9
21.7
5.4
27.4
9.8
12.9
9.7
2,643
100.0
49.6
29.9
20.5
10.1
10.4
1,021
288
733
393
1,059
170
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
41.1
50.2
37.6
53.8
55.4
54.2
31.0
30.4
31.2
28.5
29.2
31.1
27.9
19.4
31.2
17.7
15.4
14.7
14.3
12.0
15.1
9.6
7.3
4.4
13.6
7.4
16.0
8.0
8.1
10.2
1,482
100.0
60.2
34.8
5.0
3.0
1.9
209
52
157
184
334
755
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
69.9
22.2
7.9
0
0
0
6.1
C)
2.1
2.0
2.7
3.8
10.3
2.2
3.4
5.5
19.8
25.9
36.1
39.9
69.8
71.8
60.5
54.6
1.8
0
8.2
.2
.7
1.7
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Df
A-16. Unemployed persons by duration < unemployment
Full-time workers
Total
Duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
July
1987
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
7,453
6,823
100.0
100.0
6,262
5,582
100.0
100.0
3,415
2,276
1,797
479
1,762
787
975
466
510
3,164
2,186
1,771
415
1,473
685
788
339
450
45.8
30.5
24.1
6.4
23.6
10.6
13.1
6.3
6.8
46.4
32.0
26.0
6.1
21.6
10.0
11.5
5.0
6.6
2,695
1,913
1,483
429
1,655
737
918
438
480
2,387
1,791
1,422
369
1,404
643
762
328
434
43.0
30.5
23.7
6.9
26.4
11.8
14.7
7.0
7.7
42.8
32.1
25.5
6.6
25.2
11.5
13.7
5.9
7.8
13.4
5.9
12.7
5.6
14.5
6.6
14.2
6.3
23
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total
Less
than
5 weeks
Percent of unemployed
in group
Weeks
Thousands of persons
5 to 14 15 to 26
weeks weeks
27
weeks
and
over
Median
duration
July 1988
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,823
1,482
1,278
1,853
1,140
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
23.6
5.7
17.6
28.6
29.2
f)
46.4
60.2
51.5
43.3
36.9
39.2
25.9
53.3
399
28
70
130
78
52
37
4
512
26
51
162
121
84
65
3
15.1
66
.
10.6
16.8
19.2
24.0
33.0
6.5
4.2
5.9
7.9
9.0
11.7
17.4
40.9
54.1
45.5
38.5
35.0
29.3
23.9
41.1
59.0
44.1
37.2
31.6
31.4
15.2
29.1
8.0
22.2
25.8
6.5
19.2
32.9
31.1
35.0
42.8
54.0
O
O
286
17
54
95
66
31
19
4
277
2
60
70
75
41
25
3
10.1
52
.
94
.
10.1
13.5
11.3
19.2
4.8
4.0
4.3
5.1
6.4
5.6
7.1
O
O
491
289
202
508
335
173
12.0
14.3
95
.
5.6
6.4
4.8
487
246
242
180
249
149
100
14.7
17.6
11.9
377
162
912
399
96
672
174
167
241
84
187
644
320
748
392
220
406
117
85
83
98
77
102
1,451
1,167
832
632
936
569
317
189
54
490
278
348
180
100
29
25
288
232
296
190
82
58
21
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,294
1,713
1,019
650
646
917
571
324
141
44
402
380
455
241
152
57
27
228
153
297
189
101
40
10
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
4,949
2,600
2,348
2,304
1,086
1,218
1,646
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
1,669
752
312
440
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
24
1,192
400
1,937
1,252
703
1,339
21.6
5.0
18.3
24.6
29.8
32.4
44.2
14.9
45.8
57.0
52.0
42.2
40.5
36.4
29.0
3,529
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
July
1988
5.6
4.2
4.9
6.3
7.7
7.1
12.5
4.7
641
330
98
812
857
July
1987
12.7
59
.
10.0
13.5
16.3
17.6
27.1
10.5
516
385
594
379
182
99
31
to 34 years
to 44 years
to 54 years
to 64 years
years and over
July
1988
788
28
111
232
196
125
90
6
2,186
893
658
803
421
251
85
52
25
35
45
55
65
Unemployed
15 weeks
and over
685
45
123
225
144
83
56
8
3,164
20 to 24 years
Unemployed
less than
5 weeks
July
1987
Average
(mean)
duration
891
755
104
75
59
38.7
46.0
0
38.0
44.8
54.0
O
51.4
'60.0
59.0
46.3
47.0
45.4
37.4
0
0
O
52.0
61.9
58.8
49.6
42.2
46.7
40.2
17.4
3.2
12.5
23.9
19.0
31.0
17.1
3.0
17.5
18.0
24.7
22.3
31.1
32.9
O
0
46.9
41.7
53.1
46.6
41.7
51.9
23.6
29.7
16.3
20.2
24.0
16.0
6.0
7.2
4.9
42.5
37.8
47.1
45.1
38.5
51.4
23.9
28.4
19.5
25.7
31.2
20.4
19.8
18.3
11.5
9.3
8.6
5.4
34.1
37.4
46.8
31.7
40.4
47.1
39.0
36.5
20.0
34.8
35.6
18.2
10.2
12.2
89
.
4.9
5.8
4.5
51.4
44.7
54.7
51.5
45.6
55.9
16.7
28.9
12.3
17.2
23.1
13.8
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
Occupation and industry
Total
Less
than
5 weeks
5 to 14 15 to 26
weeks
weeks
Percent of unemployed
in group
Weeks
Thousands of persons
27
weeks
and
over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
Unemployed Unemployed
15 weeks
less than
and over
5 weeks
July
1987
July 1988
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
OCCUPATION
677
1,537
1,173
676
1,445
255
268
672
628
263
645
129
244
499
322
234
391
81
88
183
85
84
174
23
11
183
137
94
235
21
13.6
13.4
11.8
14.5
15.5
95
.
7.1
6.2
4.7
7.6
6.1
4.9
37.9
48.6
48.6
40.3
41.6
57.3
39.6
43.7
53.5
38.9
44.6
50.7
31.2
19.7
22.9
33.1
30.3
16.0
24.3
23.8
19.0
26.4
28.3
17.4
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
182
539
1,134
656
478
265
1,423
1,871
193
106
245
483
266
217
72
714
857
83
50
156
304
179
126
105
446
603
62
8
65
132
69
63
53
104
218
20
17
73
214
141
73
35
158
193
28
83
.
14.1
16.2
18.0
13.8
16.5
12.0
12.4
14.1
4.3
6.2
6.6
7.2
5.9
8.6
5.0
5.9
6.0
62.8
40.0
37.4
36.3
39.0
43.4
50.5
46.6
36.7
58.4
45.4
42.6
40.6
45.3
27.4
50.2
45.8
43.2
12.9
31.7
33.4
35.6
29.9
30.2
22.8
20.8
36.2
13.9
25.6
30.6
32.1
28.4
33.0
18.4
22.0
24.8
No previous work experience
1,014
533
399
44
39
4.8
52.2
52.6
9.1
8.1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY1
1.1
Includes wage and salary workers only.
25
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
July 1988
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed
Public
employment
agency
| Total
i
job| seekers
Private
employment
agency
Employer
directly
Placed
or
answered
ads
Friends
or
relatives
Other
Average
number of
methods
used
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,823
1,482
1,278
1,853
1,140
641
330
98
5,885
1,405
1,127
1,581
923
501
272
76
22.0
10.7
23.2
23.8
27.8
31.5
27.9
21.1
7.3
2.6
8.9
6.5
9.6
14.8
9.2
5.3
74.6
81.3
70.8
75.2
71.8
74.3
62.9
72.4
34.1
26.8
36.4
37.8
33.2
36.5
44.5
15.8
18.3
18.3
18.7
17.1
21.0
15.0
21.0
18.4
4.7
3.3
4.7
4.6
4.8
8.6
4.8
6.6
1.61
1.43
1.63
1.65
1.68
1.81
1.70
1.39
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,529
832
632
936
569
317
189
54
2,972
780
533
781
429
262
152
37
23.7
11.3
23.5
23.4
34.5
36.6
36.2
6.8
2.6
7.5
7.0
10.0
76.0
83.3
76.0
74.9
73.7
74.8
52.6
31.2
19.7
32.6
32.8
34.5
42.0
51.3
21.8
20.6
22.5
20.1
24.7
21.0
25.7
4.9
2.9
4.7
5.0
5.6
10.3
3.9
1.64
1.41
1.67
1.63
1.83
1.95
1.80
0
0
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,294
650
646
917
571
324
141
44
2,913
626
595
799
494
239
120
39
20.3
10.1
22.9
24.3
22.1
25.5
17.5
4.5
3.8
4.7
4.1
4.0
6.7
5.8
1.58
1.46
1.59
1.67
1.55
1.64
1.57
White, 16 years and over ..
Men
Women
4,949
2,600
2,348
4,163
2,147
2,016
Black, 16 years and over .
Men
Women
1,669
812
857
1,539
729
810
10.3
9.9
0
O
O
0
7.9
2.7
9.9
5.9
9.3
19.7
8.3
73.2
78.6
66.1
75.5
70.2
73.6
75.8
37.0
35.5
39.7
42.8
32.0
30.5
35.8
14.8
15.3
15.5
14.1
17.8
8.4
14.2
0
0
0
0
21.5
23.6
19.3
8.3
7.5
9.2
73.4
75.2
71.5
36.9
33.8
40.2
18.4
22.5
14.1
4.7
4.7
4.6
1.63
1.67
1.59
23.6
25.5
21.9
4.4
4.4
4.4
78.0
79.6
76.7
26.5
23.2
29.6
17.7
19.1
16.5
4.6
4.5
4.6
1.55
1.56
1.54
O
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within
0
0
30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.
A-20. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
July 1988
Methods used as a percent of total lobseekers
Thousands of persons
Sex and reason
Total
unemployed
Public
employment
agency
Total
jobseekers
Private
employment
agency
Employer
directly
Placed
or
answered
ads
Friends
or
relatives
Other
Average
number of
methods
used
6,823
2,957
975
1,880
1,011
5,885
2,168
947
1,767
1,002
22.0
28.9
20.8
19.5
12.7
7.3
6.9
9.5
8.9
3.5
74.6
75.2
74.1
70.9
80.3
34.1
36.9
40.0
32.4
25.4
18.3
21.1
15.7
17.6
16.1
4.7
4.8
3.9
5.8
3.5
1.61
1.74
1.64
1.55
1.42
3,529
1,871
492
668
498
2,972
1,384
474
617
497
23.7
29.3
21.9
22.0
11.9
6.8
5.4
10.3
9.6
3.6
76.0
76.8
79.5
65.8
82.9
31.2
33.7
34.4
32.7
19.3
21.8
22.5
17.3
27.2
17.5
4.9
4.4
4.0
6.6
5.2
1.64
1.72
1.68
1.64
1.40
3,294
1,086
482
1,212
514
2,913
784
473
1,150
505
20.3
28.2
19.7
18.2
13.5
7.9
9.4
8.7
8.4
3.4
73.2
72.3
68.7
73.4
78.0
37.0
42.5
45.9
32.3
31.3
14.8
18.8
14.2
12.3
14.7
4.5
5.5
3.8
5.3
1.8
1.58
1.77
1.61
1.50
1.43
I
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within
26
30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Men
Total
Industry and age
All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women
I
July
1987
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
July
1987
114,652
8,383
3,737
4,646
14,226
77,607
33,224
26,997
17,386
11,327
6,915
4,412
3,109
117,066
8,661
3,672
4,988
13,926
80,072
33,590
28,080
18,402
11,269
6,874
4,396
63,814
4,356
50,839
4,027
1,747
2,280
6,663
34,243
14,534
12,074
7,634
4,668
2,863
1,805
51,902
4,119
1,709
2,410
6,530
35,381
14,684
12,539
8,158
4,673
2,861
1,813
3,137
1,990
2,365
7,563
43,363
18,690
14,923
9,751
6,659
4,053
2,607
1,872
65,164
4,541
1,963
2,578
7,397
44,691
18,905
15,541
10,244
6,596
4,013
2,583
1,939
1,237
1,198
3,754
448
264
184
441
1,993
889
619
485
535
292
243
336
3,541
438
236
202
394
1,935
849
637
448
428
236
192
347
2,915
359
211
148
362
1,502
693
467
342
414
222
191
279
2,827
373
205
168
336
1,475
683
472
320
345
186
159
298
839
90
54
36
714
64
110,898
7,934
3,473
4,462
13,785
75,613
32,335
26,377
16,900
10,792
6,624
4,169
2,773
113,524
8,223
3,437
4,786
13,532
78,137
32,741
27,443
17,954
10,841
6,638
4,203
2,790
60,899
3,997
1,780
2,217
7,201
41,863
62,336
4,168
14,456
9,409
6,245
3,830
2,415
1,759
2,410
7,061
43,216
18,222
15,070
9,924
6,251
3,827
2,424
1,593
1,641
17,997
79
493
196
153
143
121
69
52
57
49,999
3,937
1,693
2,244
6,584
33,750
14,338
July
1988
31
33
58
460
166
166
128
84
50
34
48
51,188
4,055
1,678
2,377
6,472
34,922
1,753
14,519
12,373
8,030
4,590
2,810
1,779
1,181
1,150
11,922
7,491
4,547
2,794
27
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Total
Occupation
16 years
and over
July
1987
Total ...
Men
114,652
July
1988
16 years
and over
July
1987
July
1988
Women
20 years
and over
July
1987
July
1988
20 years
and over
16 years
and over
July
1987
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
17,066 63,814 65,164 59,458 60,622 50,839 51,902 46,811 47,783
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration .
Other executive, administrative, and managerial ...
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations
27,692 29,006 15,529 16,181 15,379 16,023 12,163 12,824 12,002 12,675
8,563 8,837 8,506 8,768 5,132 5,704 5,083 5,655
13,696 14,541
228
216
227
216
555
574
329
356
358
328
9,452 10,134 6,274 6,602 6,222 6,540 3,178 3,532 3,141 3,489
1,938
1,944
1,725
1,738
1,928
1,931
1,907
3,669 3,851
1,899
7,021
7,121
6,919
13,997 14,465 6,966 7,344
6,873 7,255 7,031
126
118
127
119
1,850 1,625 1,723 1,622 1,717
1,744
217
276
276
218
648
514
428
430
517
793
96
96
413
112
301
410
112
315
299
315
144
807
131
797
146
675
651
131
651
675
1,858
1,876
1,861
344 1,876
273
2,210
2,148
273
349
247
209
247
594
511
209
302
347
345
303
724 2,295 2,282 2,260 2,239
728
752
752
3,047 3,034
124
143
126
574
594
720
719
145
593
573
3,960 4,056 2,034 2,096 1,973 2,053 1,926 1,960 1,854 1,910
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science .
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services .
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical
35,308 35,880 12,488 12,632 11,760 11,876 22,820 23,248 20,813 21,153
3,525 3,659
1,804
1,960 1,765 1,917 1,721 1,699 1,693 1,673
1,010
1,021
1,246
1,212
1,022
178
182
225
225 1,030
234
1,173
1,194
213
243
221
954
973
930
903
1,240
1,119
429
459
435
470
633
649
805
790
13,602 13,926
7,002 7,070 6,605 6,605 6,599 6,856 5,510 5,711
3,582 3,680 2,433 2,369
1,274
1,137
1,311
2,413 2,326 1,149
2,407
2,412
951
937
984
986
1,426 1,423 1,413 1,396
1,580
1,534
294
275
307
283
1,252
1,273 1,244 1,262
6,195
6,012
1,868 1,985 1,512 1,601 4,144 4,210 3,127 3,152
65
61
40
35
45
38
20
22
23
20
3,681
3,602 3,390 3,354 14,500 14,693 13,610 13,770
18,181 18,295
462
378
309
463
832
380
365
308
369
689
507
366
585
549
604
284
353
300
849
969
103
4,822 4,576 4,561
87 4,871
89
95
4,974 4,916
234
211
2,213 2,244 2,166 2,194
226
220
2,447 2,464
641
308
319
328
332
524
603
564
893
974
8,128 8,341 2,028 2,054 1,811 1,883 6,100 6,287 5,586 5,739
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective.
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service
15,330 15,635
992
1,004
1,972 2,028
12,354 12,615
5,209 5,269
1,905 1,987
2,994 3,189
2,246 2,170
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair.
13,892
4,478
5,251
4,163
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations .
28
6,025
44
1,667
4,314
1,958
171
1,729
456
6,230
39
5,121
32
1,588
3,502
1,287
179
1,643
393
9,305
961
305
8,040
3,251
1,734
1,264
1,790
9,405
953
356
8,096
3,262
1,795
1,348
1,690
7,842
693
249
6,899
2,484
1,657
1,166
1,592
7,918
719
272
6,928
2,464
1,699
1,248
1,517
14,134 12,697 12,899 12,285 12,472
4,623 4,334 4,505 4,221 4,376
5,364 5,126 5,235 4,893 5,000
4,146 3,237 3,159 3,170 3,096
1,195
144
125
926
1,235
119
129
987
1,165
143
119
903
1,190
117
120
953
18,102 18,432 13,477 13,869 12,074 12,310
4,703
4,651
4,942
4,852
8,289 8,211
6,920 3,957 4,106
3,807
3,932
6,912
2,635
2,550
2,476
2,55i
3,770 3,787
1,471
3,133
1,382
1,331
1,405
3,142
1,291
771
844
89!
836
1,377
4,900
4,298
4,505
4,250
4,418
4,766
3,661
3,306 3,029
3,123
3,167
3,465
1,239
1,199
1,175
1,221
1,251
1,301
4,42;
3,308
3,173
4,208
5,047 5,321
971
663
738
83;
929
867
4,350
2,571
3,376 3,49;
2,510
4,180
4,625
3,438
2,955
1,218
1,738
482
348
298
51
839
35
804
4,563
3,269
2,814
1,152
1,662
455
395
354
40
899
42
857
4,357
3,295
2,839
1,171
1,668
456
329
280
49
733
30
702
4,281
3,141
2,720
1,116
1,604
421
383
347
36
757
34
723
730
229
501
627
214
413
63;
224
408
564
212
352
4,328
1,385
2,943
3,979
1,360
2,619
3,598
1,156
2,44;
1,672
4,519
2,007
192
1,840
480
3,352
1,146
2,206
4,942
26
1,595
3,321
1,268
161
1,536
355
3,019
1,151
1,868
2,819
1,129
1,691
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Men
Total
Occupation and race
Women
July
1987
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
114,652
100.0
117,066
100.0
63,814
100.0
65,164
100.0
50,839
100.0
51,902
100.0
24.2
11.9
24.8
12.4
24.3
13.4
24.8
23.9
12.2
30.8
12.4
30.6
10.1
13.8
24.7
11.0
13.7
19.6
3.1
3.1
2.8
11.9
15.9
13.4
.9
1.7
11.9
11.0
15.6
13.4
.8
5.8
10.8
12.1
10.8
12.1
15.8
7.2
4.2
4.4
3.8
15.7
7.0
4.2
4.5
3.4
19.9
21.1
7.6
6.9
6.6
5.6
13.6
11.3
19.4
3.0
10.8
5.5
9.6
.1
2.6
6.9
19.8
21.3
7.6
6.9
6.8
99,609
100.0
101,432
100.0
25.1
12.6
12.5
31.2
3.0
12.5
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
10.9
44.9
3.4
13.0
28.5
44.8
3.3
18.3
5.1
15.8
2.4
9.1
6.8
.7
1.7
1.4
18.1
1.8
.7
15.6
2.4
8.8
6.3
.8
1.7
1.2
56,089
100.0
57,125
100.0
43,521
100.0
44,307
100.0
25.8
13.1
12.7
31.0
3.0
25.4
14.2
11.2
25.8
14.3
11.5
24.9
10.6
19.9
2.8
19.6
3.0
25.7
11.5
14.2
45.7
12.5
15.5
11.6
5.4
8.5
11.5
5.2
8.6
.1
2.4
6.1
20.4
20.3
7.3
1.7
9.4
.1
2.6
6.8
1.9
.6
13.2
28.3
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
14.3
45.9
3.3
3.1
3.6
6.1
5.8
6.6
6.4
5.3
13.5
29.0
17.0
1.6
.5
14.9
2.3
8.4
6.1
.7
1.6
1.6
11,645
100.0
12,031
100.0
5,884
100.0
6,029
100.0
5,761
100.0
6,002
100.0
14.9
6.6
8.3
27.0
2.9
6.9
15.9
7.4
8.5
13.3
6.7
6.6
16.5
6.5
27.0
3.1
6.8
17.1
23.0
2.0
2.8
15.5
2.1
4.8
8.6
17.6
.1
4.7
12.9
16.1
33.2
10.3
11.4
11.4
4.3
13.8
7.0
6.8
16.4
18.1
7.8
10.2
37.6
3.3
8.4
25.8
15.7
12.2
.7
12.2
.7
1.6
1.6
9.9
9.8
12.5
15.0
6.6
4.0
4.4
12.6
14.9
6.8
4.0
4.2
4.0
.1
2.4
6.0
20.5
20.0
7.3
6.5
13.8
28.8
16.8
1.6
.6
14.6
2.3
8.2
5.8
.7
1.7
1.3
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
17.3
22.8
2.1
2.9
17.8
9.2
23.6
10.5
6.2
6.8
2.5
18.2
8.9
23.1
10.4
6.1
6.5
2.2
2.9
5.1
8.3
17.9
.1
4.2
13.6
15.4
32.8
11.0
11.1
10.8
3.8
10.0
38.7
3.6
9.0
26.1
28.2
4.1
1.2
22.8
2.2
13.8
10.7
.9
2.2
.6
28.1
3.9
1.2
22.9
2.4
13.2
9.9
1.1
2.2
29
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
July 1988
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers
Age and sex
Total
Total, 16 years and over......
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
104,659
Men, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
30
8,146
3,406
4,740
13,186
30,672
24,836
16,120
9,487
5,862
3,625
Private
household Government
workers
1,251
315
222
93
138
196
187
179
16,433
592
257
335
1,126
4,114
4,865
3,435
140
78
62
97
1,943
1,258
685
359
56,599
4,124
1,741
2,383
6,792
16,945
13,400
8,750
5,367
3,341
2,026
1,221
189
72
58
14
30
31
25
8
16
8,041
316
138
48,060
4,022
1,665
2,357
1,063
243
2,211
10
6
6
178
534
2,010
2,322
1,708
981
620
361
171
164
8,392
276
119
6,394
79
107
157
592
13,728
164
11,436
7,370
4,120
2,521
1,599
991
162
2,104
2,543
1,726
171
124
68
57
91
962
638
324
188
Other
86,975
7,239
2,927
4,312
11,922
26,362
19,784
12,507
7,404
4,526
2,878
1,756
Selfemployed
workers
8,605
73
30
43
317
2,011
2,538
1,782
1,318
753
565
568
Unpaid
family
workers
Wage and
salary
workers
Selfemployed
workers
Unpaid
family
workers
259
4
1
4
30
58
69
52
36
22
14
11
1,853
341
179
162
1,482
47
30
18
72
269
285
270
282
207
49
27
22
13
38
26
24
33
19
13
24
43
3
1
3
1,495
291
48,369
3,736
1,545
2,191
6,228
14,903
11,053
7,034
4,371
2,711
1,659
1,044
5,695
41
415
20
9
2
2
2
1
1
5
38,606
3,503
1,382
2,121
5,694
11,459
8,732
5,473
3,033
1,815
1,218
712
2,911
32
217
1
17
24
248
1,269
1,667
1,172
882
485
397
13
19
69
742
870
610
436
268
168
153
1
9
49
67
50
34
22
13
6
309
541
326
155
114
57
56
67
157
134
260
432
234
120
98
50
47
60
357
49
22
28
48
109
92
35
16
7
9
7
159
122
256
1,253
45
29
15
65
240
235
199
240
132
108
228
79
37
18
19
10
10
2
2
7
4
3
11
229
3
128
12
2
7
29
49
71
41
28
14
27
9
3
3
28
24
22
26
16
10
13
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
July 1988
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services...
Public administration
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support
Total
Executive,
Techniemadminiscians
Profesployed
trative,
and
sional
and
specialty related
manasupport
gerial
3,541
794
8,132
21,927
12,946
8,980
8,201
24,152
4,594
19,558
8,015
36,845
1,271
35,574
22,680
5,458
Sales
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers
Service
occupations
Private
household
Other
service1
Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair
Farming,
Machine
Handlers, forestry,
operTransporand
equipment
ators,
tation
fishing
cleaners,
assemand
helpers,
blers,
material
and
and
moving
laborers
inspectors
10
15
87
777
332
446
102
92
477
2,427
1,385
1,042
11
7
24
362
218
143
41
270
4,521
4,222
2,909
1,313
10
29
79
6,920
3,787
3,133
54
118
568
727
379
348
25
31
1,108
1,198
545
653
3,113
6
27
100
85
15
488
425
99
326
371
252
145 9,872
61 1,736
84 8,135
2,115
2,412
806
1,606
231
4,435
25
4,409
1,244
1,472
262
1,210
126
293
132
161
1,868
1,087
540
547
531
1,907
399
1,509
21
30
8
22
178
10,435
4
10,431
9,022
721
169 1,845
919
2,022
2
14
917
2,009
120
1,646
31
248
3,169
5,992
16
5,975
4,227
1,509
290
7,937
71
7,866
4,149
1,348
178
1,936
10
1,927
431
252
18
718
5
713
203
17
8
407
7
400
212
63
27
436
38
398
102
58
71
541
112
430
108
68
88
91
1,031
2,586
1,578
1,007
954
2,075
525
1,549
2,063
4,510
1
4,509
2,460
1,143
21
35
54
714
466
248
67
100
156
1,894
1,263
631
992
992
Includes protective service, not shown separately.
A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers 1
Total
Reason not working and sex
July
1987
Total, 16 years and over ....
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons
11,125
8,802
1,237
31
42
1,013
July
1988
July
1988
49
10,956
8,720
1,196
15
42
1,212
11,661
9,021
1,336
42
Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons 3
4,846
3,712
693
442
5,139
3,845
Women, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons 3
6,279
5,091
545
644
6,522
5,177
619
726
1
717
578
Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.
2
Paid absences
July
1987
Unpaid absences
July
1987
July
1988
July
1987
July
1988
11,510
6,381
8,949
1,312
22
46
5,701
444
6,896
6,056
523
3,839
2,549
650
3,891
2,475
983
1,181
236
()
316
()
640
4,725
3,652
661
412
5,021
3,075
2,715
265
96
3,414
2,981
296
137
1,271
702
344
226
1,224
609
349
266
6,230
6,489
5,152
615
722
3,306
2,986
180
3,484
3,076
228
180
2,567
1,847
306
414
2,666
1,865
5,069
534
627
3,797
697
527
140
691
(
726
341
460
3
Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.
31
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Persons at work by hours of work and type of Industry
July 1988
Thousands of persons
Hours of work
Percent distribution
All
industries
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
105,405
3,391
102,014
100.0
100.0
100.0
1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours
23,554
687
3,501
11,883
7,483
909
41
207
399
262
22,647
647
3,295
11,484
7,221
22.3
.7
3.3
11.3
7.1
26.8
1.2
6.1
11.8
7.7
22.2
.6
3.2
11.3
7.1
35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over
81,850
7,005
43,456
31,389
10,965
11,663
8,761
2,483
182
695
1,606
272
477
857
79,367
6,823
42,761
29,783
10,693
11,186
7,904
77.7
6.6
41.2
29.8
10.4
11.1
8.3
73.2
5.4
20.5
47.3
8.0
14.1
25.3
77.8
6.7
41.9
29.2
10.5
11.0
7.7
39.9
43.8
44.9
51.8
39.7
43.6
Total, 16 years and over
Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules
All
industries
Nonagricultural
industries
Agriculture
A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of Industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1988
Nonagricultural industries
All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
32
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
22,647
6,645
16,001
1,779
1,416
4,090
876
3,309
5,869
2,292
56
209
98
3,214
12,357
9,804
16,778
9,475
4,867
2,157
2,157
972
179
5
60
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
23,554
6,945
16,609
6,141
2,450
56
226
100
1,889
4,252
943
Total
1,507
56
226
100
3,309
17,412
5,055
9,804
2,181
1,144
2,181
999
266
5
60
Total
145
1,106
266
5
60
1,731
2,223
1,545
1,731
678
179
5
60
1,689
2,105
22.1
22.1
24.3
25.3
21.1
20.8
1,986
5,497
867
2,398
1,119
3,099
56
209
98
3,214
11,911
9,475
134
1,492
1,689
613
22.2
22.1
24.4
25.4
21.2
20.8
1,902
5,319
816
2,322
1,086
2,997
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work In nonagrlcultural Industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1988
Industry
Total
at
work
On part
time
for
economic
reasons
On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time
Total
40 hours 41 to 48
or less
hours
49 hours
or more
Average
hours,
total
at work
Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules
102,014
5,869
11,911
84,234
54,451
10,693
19,090
39.7
43.6
93,809
5,228
10,557
78,024
51,768
10,087
16,169
39.5
43.2
701
10
11
680
409
80
191
44.2
44.9
6,238
400
248
5,590
3,718
680
1,192
41.1
43.4
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
19,276
11,381
7,895
515
228
287
512
194
318
18,249
10,959
7,290
11,726
6,928
4,799
2,736
1,741
995
3,787
2,290
1,496
42.3
42.6
41.9
43.4
43.3
43.4
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
7,118
20,737
259
354
4,001
592
6,505
14,695
6,119
4,162
8,913
4,316
885
2,191
678
1,458
3,591
1,125
42.3
37.7
40.0
44.1
44.0
42.3
Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration
27,873
1,195
4,637
458
26,678
5,005
1,769
267
1,502
82
4,179
203
21,467
470
20,997
4,720
15,006
312
14,694
2,408
43
2,365
430
4,053
115
3,938
771
37.4
26.9
37.9
40.9
42.6
45.2
42.5
42.1
7,945
259
632
10
1,269
84
6,044
165
2,613
587
19
2,844
77
41.5
38.8
48.6
47.0
Total, 16 years and over
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
6,862
2,041
151
3,519
33
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1988
Sex, age, race, and marital status
Total
at
work
On part
time for
economic
reasons
On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time
Total
40 hours
or less
41 hours
or more
Average
hours,
total
at work
Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
102,014
7,874
3,268
4,606
94,140
12,820
81,320
53,819
24,986
2,514
5,869
1,637
801
837
4,232
1,026
3,206
2,139
956
112
11,911
2,480
1,443
1,037
9,430
1,544
7,887
4,242
2,484
1,161
84,234
3,757
1,024
2,732
80,478
10,250
70,227
47,438
21,546
1,241
54,451
2,938
856
2,082
51,513
7,194
44,319
29,240
14,207
871
29,783
819
168
650
28,965
3,056
25,908
18,198
7,339
370
39.7
30.6
26.3
33.7
40.4
38.4
40.8
41.4
40.4
29.9
43.6
40.9
40.1
41.2
43.7
42.4
43.9
44.1
43.5
42.3
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
57,315
4,015
1,691
2,324
53,300
6,752
46,547
30,571
14,473
1,503
2,803
827
443
385
1,977
515
1,460
1,014
382
65
3,521
1,111
681
430
2,410
562
1,849
634
583
632
50,991
2,077
567
1,509
48,913
5,675
43,238
28,923
13,508
806
29,573
1,576
474
1,100
27,997
3,664
24,333
15,656
8,142
534
21,418
501
93
409
20,916
2,011
18,905
13,267
5,366
272
42.4
31.8
26.9
35.3
43.2
40.2
43.7
44.5
43.2
31.5
45.0
41.5
40.4
42.0
45.1
43.5
45.4
45.7
44.8
42.9
Women, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
44,699
3,859
1,577
2,282
40,840
6,068
34,773
23,249
10,513
1,011
3,066
810
358
453
2,256
510
1,746
1,125
574
47
8,389
1,369
762
607
7,020
983
6,037
3,608
1,901
528
33,244
1,680
457
1,222
31,564
4,575
26,990
18,516
8,038
436
24,878
1,363
381
980
23,516
3,529
19,987
13,585
6,066
338
8,366
317
76
242
8,048
1,046
7,003
4,931
1,972
98
36.2
29.5
25.7
32.1
36.8
36.4
36.9
37.4
36.6
27.4
41.4
40.1
39.8
40.3
41.4
41.0
41.6
41.6
41.5
41.1
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
88,190
50,130
38,060
4,789
2,289
2,500
10,585
3,083
7,501
72,816
44,758
28,059
45,793
25,159
20,634
27,023
19,599
7,425
39.8
42.7
36.1
43.8
45.2
41.5
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women .
10,548
5,352
5,196
892
431
460
959
293
667
8,697
4,628
4,069
6,733
3,349
3,384
1,964
1,279
685
38.4
40.2
36.4
41.9
43.0
40.7
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
35,424
5,599
16,292
932
260
1,611
1,331
235
1,955
33,161
5,104
12,726
18,173
2,949
8,451
14,988
2,155
4,275
44.0
43.1
38.7
45.6
45.2
43.4
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
23,220
8,642
12,837
1,136
539
1,391
4,977
1,055
2,357
17,107
7,048
9,089
13,083
5,035
6,760
4,024
2,013
2,329
35.7
38.0
35.7
41.1
42.0
41.5
RACE
MARITAL STATUS
34
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1988
Average
hours,
Average
workers
hours, on full49
total
41 to 48
time
hours
at work schedhours
or more
ules
On full-time schedules
Occupation and sex
Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective .....
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
Total
at
work
On part
time for
economic
reasons
On
voluntary
part
time
Total
40
hours
or less
101,608
5,782
11,855
83,971
54,226
10,672
19,074
39.7
43.6
24,758
13,452
11,306
32,998
3,411
12,935
16,652
14,256
945
1,810
11,500
13,041
16,554
7,186
4,409
4,959
519
182
337
1,588
52
934
603
1,789
180
58
1,552
608
1,277
340
264
673
2,002
647
1,356
4,935
279
2,303
2,354
3,335
379
140
2,817
428
1,153
264
228
661
22,236
12,624
9,613
26,475
3,080
9,699
13,696
9,131
387
1,613
7,131
12,005
14,123
6,581
3,917
3,625
12,420
6,517
5,902
18,337
2,130
5,313
10,894
6,568
259
941
5,368
7,438
9,462
4,664
2,119
2,679
2,780
1,612
1,167
3,264
410
1,259
1,595
969
41
229
700
1,699
1,959
1,000
515
445
7,037
4,494
2,543
4,874
540
3,128
1,206
1,594
87
444
1,063
2,868
2,702
917
1,283
501
42.6
44.7
40.0
38.4
40.5
39.4
37.1
34.8
27.3
42.8
34.2
42.3
40.3
40.7
43.6
36.9
45.1
46.2
43.6
42.5
42.5
45.3
40.6
42.7
44.2
45.6
42.0
44.0
43.3
42.2
46.3
42.2
56,830
2,720
3,445
50,664
29,316
6,666
14,681
42.5
45.0
14,597
8,219
6,378
11,825
1,837
6,651
3,337
5,819
39
1,511
4,269
11,968
12,621
4,331
4,124
4,165
224
90
134
426
31
270
125
590
5
35
551
525
955
156
225
573
606
238
367
821
64
533
224
922
15
106
801
323
773
100
176
497
13,768
7,891
5,877
10,578
1,742
5,848
2,988
4,306
19
1,369
2,918
11,120
10,893
4,075
3,723
3,095
6,753
3,527
3,226
5,900
1,085
2,706
2,109
2,931
15
774
2,142
6,801
6,931
2,683
1,987
2,261
1,637
943
694
1,444
237
759
448
482
210
272
1,582
1,523
645
492
386
5,378
3,421
1,957
3,234
419
2,383
431
893
4
386
504
2,737
2,439
747
1,245
447
45.2
46.6
43.4
42.7
42.5
44.2
39.9
38.0
(2)
43.6
36.1
42.6
41.1
42.0
44.1
37.3
46.7
47.6
45.4
45.2
43.8
47.2
42.0
43.8
(2)
46.0
42.8
44.1
44.1
43.2
46.5
42.4
44,779
3,062
8,410
33,307
24,910
4,005
4,392
36.2
41.4
10,161
5,233
4,928
21,173
1,574
6,284
13,316
8,437
907
299
7,231
1,073
3,933
2,854
285
794
296
92
204
1,162
21
663
478
1,199
175
22
1,002
83
323
184
39
100
1,397
408
989
4,114
215
1,770
2,129
2,413
364
33
2,017
105
380
164
52
164
8,469
4,733
3,736
15,897
1,338
3,851
10,708
4,825
368
244
4,213
885
3,231
2,506
194
530
5,667
2,990
2,677
12,437
1,045
2,606
8,786
3,637
244
167
3,226
638
2,531
1,980
133
418
1,143
670
474
1,820
173
500
1,148
488
41
19
428
117
437
355
23
58
1,659
1,074
585
1,640
120
744
775
700
83
58
559
131
263
171
38
54
38.8
41.7
35.7
35.9
38.1
34.3
36.5
32.6
27.2
39.0
33.0
38.5
37.7
38.6
35.9
35.1
42.5
43.7
40.8
40.8
40.9
42.4
40.2
41.8
44.3
43.2
41.5
42.0
40.8
40.6
42.7
41.2
?
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
3
5
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
1987
Employment status and sex
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
184,605
121,610
65.9
114,359
61.9
1,720
112,639
3,212
109,427
7,251
6.0
62,995
184,738
122,042
66.1
114,786
62.1
1,736
113,050
3,143
109,907
7,256
5.9
62,696
184,904
121,706
65.8
114,615
62.0
1,743
112,872
3,184
109,688
7,091
5.8
63,198
185,052
122,128
66.0
114,951
62.1
1,741
113,210
3,249
109,961
7,177
5.9
62,924
185,225
122,349
66.1
115,259
62.2
1,755
113,504
3,172
110,332
7,090
5.8
62,876
185,370
122,472
66.1
115,494
62.3
1,750
113,744
3,215
110,529
6,978
5.7
62,898
185,571
122,924
66.2
115,878
62.4
1,749
114,129
3,293
110,836
7,046
5.7
62,647
185,705
123,084
66.3
116,145
62.5
1,736
114,409
3,228
111,182
6,938
5.6
62,621
185,847
122,639
66.0
115,839
62.3
1,736
114,103
3,204
110,899
6,801
5.5
63,208
185,964
123,055
66.2
116,445
62.6
1,732
114,713
3,228
111,485
6,610
5.4
62,909
186,088
122,692
65.9
115,909
62.3
1,714
114,195
3,035
111,160
6,783
5.5
63,396
186,247
123,157
66.1
116,703
62.7
1,685
115,018
3,085
111,933
6,455
5.2
63,090
186,402
123,357
66.2
116,732
62.6
1,673
115,059
3,046
112,014
6,625
5.4
63,045
88,534
67,671
76.4
63,711
72.0
1,561
62,150
3,960
5.9
20,863
88,598
67,937
76.7
63,916
72.1
1,575
62,341
4,021
5.9
20,661
88,683
67,776
76.4
63,949
72.1
1,581
62,368
3,827
5.6
20,907
88,756
67,947
76.6
64,048
72.2
1,580
62,468
3,899
5.7
20,809
88,849
68,019
76.6
64,174
72.2
1,593
62,581
3,845
5.7
20,830
88,924
68,030
76.5
64,245
72.2
1,589
62,656
3,785
5.6
20,894
89,033
68,243
76.6
64,396
72.3
1,588
62,808
3,847
5.6
20,790
89,099
68,343
76.7
64,636
72.5
1,577
63,059
3,707
5.4
20,756
89,168
68,148
76.4
64,332
72.1
1,573
62,759
3,816
5.6
21,020
89,225
68,445
76.7
64,892
72.7
1,569
63,323
3,553
5.2
20,780
89,287
68,318
76.5
64,583
72.3
1,553
63,030
3,736
5.5
20,969
89,367
68,429
76.6
64,934
72.7
1,523
63,411
3,495
5.1
20,938
89,445
68,521
76.6
65,002
72.7
1,512
63,490
3,519
5.1
20,924
96,071
53,939
56.1
50,648
52.7
159
50,489
3,291
6.1
42,132
96,140
54,105
56.3
50,870
52.9
161
50,709
3,235
6.0
42,035
96,221
53,930
56.0
50,666
52.7
162
50,504
3,264
6.1
42,291
96,295
54,181
56.3
50,903
52.9
161
50,742
3,278
6.1
42,114
96,376
54,330
56.4
51,085
53.0
162
50,923
3,245
6.0
42,046
96,446
54,442
56.4
51,249
53.1
161
51,088
3,193
5.9
42,004
96,538
54,681
56.6
51,482
53.3
161
51,321
3,200
5.9
41,857
96,606
54,740
56.7
51,509
53.3
159
51,350
3,231
5.9
41,866
96,679
54,491
56.4
51,507
53.3
163
51,344
2,985
5.5
42,188
96,739
54,610
56.5
51,553
53.3
163
51,390
3,057
5.6
42,129
96,801
54,374
56.2
51,327
53.0
161
51,166
3,047
5.6
42,427
96,880
54,728
56.5
51,769
53.4
162
51,607
2,960
5.4
42,152
96,957
54,836
56.6
51,730
53.4
161
51,569
3,106
5.7
42,121
TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio"
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio:
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
1
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
1
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
36
Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age
1987
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
1988
Nov.
Dec
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
182,885 183,002 183,161 183,311 183,470 183,620 183,822 183,969 184,111 184,232 184,374 184,562 184,729
119,890 120,306 119,963 120,387 120,594 120,722 121,175 121,348 120,903 121,323 120,978 121,472 121,684
65.9
65.8
65.6
66.0
65.9
65.7
65.9
65.7
65.7
65.7
65.7
65.5
65.6
112,639 113,050 112,872 113,210 113,504 113,744 114,129 114,409 114,103 114,713 114,195 115,018 115,059
62.2
62.3
62.3
61.9
62.3
62.0
62.1
61.9
61.8
61.9
61.8
61.6
61.6
6,783 6,455 6,625
6,610
7,256 7,091
7 Ml 7,090 6,978 7,046 6,938 6,801
7,251
5.7
5.4
5.3
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.8
6.0
5.9
6.0
5.9
6.0
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
79,625
62,106
78.0
58,783
73.8
2,333
56,450
3,323
5.4
17,519
79,668
62,083
77.9
58,825
73.8
2,289
56,536
3,258
5.2
17,585
79,740
62,085
77.9
58,967
73.9
2,345
56,622
3,118
5.0
17,655
79,807
62,211
78.0
59,037
74.0
2,343
56,694
3,174
5.1
17,596
79,885
62,299
78.0
59,164
74.1
2,297
56,867
3,135
5.0
17,586
80,002
62,248
77.8
59,185
74.0
2,298
56,887
3,063
4.9
17,754
80,120
62,440
77.9
59,287
74.0
2,323
56,964
3,154
5.1
17,680
80,203
62,696
78.2
59,625
74.3
2,280
57,344
3,071
4.9
17,507
80,260
62,497
77.9
59,407
74.0
2,253
57,154
3,089
4.9
17,763
80,326
62,791
78.2
59,883
74.5
2,255
57,627
2,909
4.6
17,535
80,402
62,662
77.9
59,590
74.1
2,181
57,409
3,072
4.9
17,740
80,526
62,667
77.8
59,797
74.3
2,208
57,588
2,870
4.6
17,859
80,608
62,769
77.9
59,954
74.4
2,247
57,706
2,815
4.5
17,839
88,632
49,886
56.3
47,206
53.3
620
46,586
2,680
5.4
38,746
88,685
49,969
56.3
47,308
53.3
609
46,699
2,661
5.3
38,716
88,785
49,922
56.2
47,251
53.2
600
46,651
2,671
5.4
38,863
88,843
50,095
56.4
47,480
53.4
636
46,844
2,615
5.2
38,748
88,923
50,254
56.5
47,634
53.6
636
46,998
2,620
5.2
38,669
89,010
50,361
56.6
47,750
53.6
643
47,107
2,611
5.2
38,649
89,110
50,558
56.7
47,977
53.8
646
47,331
2,581
5.1
38,552
89,178
50,640
56.8
48,005
53.8
654
47,351
2,635
5.2
38,538
89,261
50,542
56.6
48,132
53.9
656
47,476
2,411
4.8
38,719
89,307
50,612
56.7
48,170
53.9
692
47,478
2,442
4.8
38,695
89,382
50,441
56.4
47,960
53.7
587
47,373
2,481
4.9
38,941
89,502
50,642
56.6
48,169
53.8
616
47,553
2,473
4.9
38,860
89,588
50,775
56.7
48,199
53.8
542
47,657
2,576
5.1
38,813
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
Not in labor force .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
14,628 14,649 14,637 14,661 14,663 14,609 14,592 14,588 14,591 14,598 14,590 14,534 14,533
8,141
7,875 8,163
7,865 7,919
8,011
8,177
8,113
8,041
7,898 8,254 7,956 8,081
56.0
56.2
54.0
54.2
54.9
53.9
56.0
55.5
54.8
54.0
55.1
54.4
56.3
6,907
6,650 6,917
6,654 6,693 6,706 6,809 6,865 6,779 6,564 6,660 6,645 7,051
47.5
48.5
45.5
45.6
45.0
46.5
47.0
45.7
45.7
46.6
45.5
47.2
45.5
257
260
267
280
295
293
323
274
270
259
239
239
245
6,650
6,423 6,467 6,535 6,542 6,486 6,269 6,380 6,378 6,791
6,391
6,672 6,415
1,234
1,112
1,230
1,259
1,301
1,232
1,312
1,304
1,388
1,248
1,335
1,337
1,302
15.2
13.6
15.6
15.9
16.5
15.4
16.0
16.1
16.6
17.2
16.4
16.2
15.8
6,392
6,371
6,577 6,726 6,679 6,715
6,580 6,622 6,496 6,415
6,730 6,395 6,681
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
37
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1987
July
Aug.
Sept.
1988
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
157,058 157,134 157,242 157,342 157,449 157,552 157,676 157,773 157,868 157,943 158,034 158,166 158,279
103,248 103,516 103,357 103,669 103,731 103,907 104,252 104,530 104,171 104,574 104,209 104,691 104,603
66.1
66.2
66.0
65.9
65.7
65.9
66.2
66.3
66.1
65.9
65.9
65.7
66.0
97,917 98,181 98,069 98,317 98,492 98,779 99,044 99,474 99,274 99,751 99,297 99,932 99,725
63.0
63.2
62.8
62.9
63.0
62.8
62.6
62.5
62.5
62.4
62.3
63.2
62.7
4,759 4,878
5,239
5,335 5,288 5,352
5,331
5,208 5,056 4,897 4,824 4,913
5,128
4.7
4.5
4.7
5.1
5.2
5.2
4.7
4.6
4.8
5.0
4.9
5.2
5.1
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
54,198 54,183 54,213 54,375 54,381 54,368 54,455 54,650 54,522 54,699 54,618 54,662 54,732
78.3
78.2
78.5
78.4
78.2
78.2
78.3
78.2
78.3
78.2
78.3
78.5
78.3
51,670 51,715 51,803 51,864 51,969 52,046 52,053 52,389 52,245 52,538 52,314 52,491 52,603
75.2
74.7
74.7
75.0
75.1
75.2
74.8
74.9
74.8
75.6
74.9
74.7
75.4
2,129
2,412
2,511
2,410
2,304 2,171
2,322 2,402 2,260 2,277 2,161
2,528 2,468
4.4
4.6
4.4
4.7
3.9
4.2
4.0
4.2
4.1
4.4
4.6
4.3
4.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
42,241 42,332 42,308 42,379 42,464 42,569 42,710 42,915 42,841 42,986 42,827 42,921 42,887
56.1
56.2
55.7
55.7
56.1
56.2
56.3
55.8
55.7
55.8
56.3
56.1
55.9
40,343 40,449 40,409 40,538 40,606 40,712 40,896 40,985 41,183 41,297 41,104 41,183 41,040
53.7
53.9
54.1
53.8
54.0
53.8
53.4
53.3
53.3
53.2
53.2
53.7
53.5
1,847
1,738
1,723
1,689
1,658
1,930
1,857
1,858
1,841
1,883
1,899
1,898
1,813
4.3
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.9
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
6,809
56.9
5,904
49.3
905
13.3
13.5
13.1
7,001
58.5
6,017
50.3
984
14.1
15.2
12.9
6,836
57.2
5,857
49.0
979
14.3
15.1
13.4
6,915
57.9
5,915
49.5
1,000
14.5
15.1
13.8
6,886
57.7
5,917
49.6
969
14.1
14.8
13.3
6,970
58.6
6,021
50.6
949
13.6
14.9
12.3
7,087
59.6
6,095
51.2
992
14.0
14.4
13.6
6,965
58.6
6,100
51.3
865
12.4
12.2
12.7
6,807
57.2
5,845
49.1
962
14.1
15.7
12.4
6,889
58.0
5,916
49.8
973
14.1
14.5
13.7
6,764
57.0
5,879
49.5
885
13.1
13.8
12.4
7,108
59.9
6,258
52.7
850
12.0
12.8
11.1
6,983
58.9
6,081
51.3
902
12.9
14.6
11.1
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
20,373 20,396 20,426 20,453 20,482 20,508 20,539 20,569 20,596 20,622 20,650 20,683 20,715
13,039 13,150 13,028 13,152 13,193 13,215 13,222 13,168 13,098 13,078 13,069 12,989 13,293
64.2
62.8
63.3
63.4
63.6
64.4
64.4
64.0
64.4
64.5
64.0
64.3
63.8
11,381 11,513 11,421 11,556 11,589 11,605 11,608 11,504 11,420 11,482 11,452 11,489 11,774
56.8
55.5
55.5
55.7
55.4
55.9
56.5
56.6
56.6
56.5
56.4
55.9
55.9
1,519
1,500
1,617
1,678
1,597
1,614
1,610
1,604
1,596
1,663
1,637
1,658
1,607
11.4
11.5
12.4
12.2
12.8
12.2
12.2
12.2
12.1
12.6
12.4
12.7
12.3
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,061
75.1
5,384
66.7
677
11.2
6,054
74.9
5,407
66.9
647
10.7
6,032
74.5
5,421
67.0
611
10.1
6,023
74.3
5,431
67.0
592
9.8
6,045
74.5
5,430
66.9
615
10.2
6,043
74.3
5,430
66.8
613
10.1
6,115
75.0
5,497
67.5
618
10.1
6,166
75.6
5,472
67.1
694
11.3
6,127
75.0
5,429
66.4
699
11.4
6,163
75.3
5,511
67.3
652
10.6
6,107
74.5
5,449
66.5
658
10.8
6,064
73.8
5,458
66.5
606
10.0
6,070
73.8
5,492
66.8
578
9.5
6,116
60.4
5,417
53.5
699
11.4
6,122
60.3
5,430
53.5
692
11.3
6,067
59.7
5,357
52.7
710
11.7
6,177
60.7
5,495
54.0
682
11.0
6,207
60.9
5,537
54.3
670
10.8
6,224
61.0
5,544
54.3
680
10.9
6,244
61.1
5,550
54.3
694
11.1
6,131
59.9
5,495
53.7
636
10.4
6,136
59.9
5,465
53.3
671
10.9
6,093
59.4
5,407
52.7
686
11.3
6,059
59.0
5,414
52.7
645
10.6
6,074
59.0
5,421
52.7
652
10.7
6,307
61.2
5,650
54.8
657
10.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
38
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1988
1987
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
862
39.8
580
26.8
282
32.7
32.4
33.1
974
44.9
676
31.2
298
30.6
33.7
27.1
929
42.8
643
29.6
286
30.8
31.5
30.0
952
43.8
630
29.0
322
33.8
32.5
35.2
941
43.3
622
28.6
319
33.9
32.2
35.8
948
43.7
631
29.1
317
33.4
33.5
33.4
863
39.8
561
25.8
302
35.0
35.1
34.9
870
40.0
537
24.7
333
38.3
42.0
34.7
834
38.3
526
24.2
308
36.9
39.0
35.0
822
37.7
564
25.9
258
31.4
27.6
35.5
903
41.4
589
27.0
314
34.8
33.3
36.6
852
39.0
610
28.0
242
28.4
30.4
25.9
917
42.0
632
28.9
285
31.1
30.4
31.8
12,887
8,447
65.5
7,762
60.2
685
8.1
12,925
8,549
66.1
7,856
60.8
693
8.1
12,965
8,581
66.2
7,877
60.8
704
8.2
13,003
8,654
66.6
7,935
61.0
719
8.3
13,043
8,763
67.2
7,978
61.2
785
9.0
13,082
8,772
67.1
8,058
61.6
714
8.1
13,115
8,879
67.7
8,238
62.8
642
7.2
13,153
9,017
68.6
8,268
62.9
749
8.3
13,192
8,803
66.7
8,079
61.2
724
8.2
13,230
8,828
66.7
8,010
60.5
818
9.3
13,268
8,859
66.8
8,056
60.7
801
9.0
13,306
9,027
67.8
8,219
61.8
809
9.0
13,344
8,984
67.3
8,264
61.9
720
8.0
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 .,
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988
1987
Category
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present ..
Women who maintain families
... 112,639 113,050 112,872 113,210 113,504 113,744 114,129 114,409 114,103 114,713 114,195 115,018 115,059
40,262 40,308 40,404 40,556 40,645 40,711 40,404 40,475 40,481 40,459 40,267 40,485 40,535
28,283 28,189 28,069 28,099 28,175 28,249 28,441 28,707 28,805 28,859 28,567 28,713 28,654
6,145
6,085
6,157
5,957
6,237
6,160
6,055
6,168
6,151
6,033
6,178
6,227
6,107
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers ..
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers ..
Government
.„.,..„-,.
Private industries
Private households ..
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1,625
1,424
153
1,591
1,393
155
1,624
1,415
139
1,705
1,430
140
1,595
1,407
155
1,599
1,450
156
1,666
1,454
138
1,677
1,414
114
1,648
1,423
142
1,678
1,385
155
1,526
1,346
159
1,562
1,359
167
1,539
1,346
148
100,825 101,241 101,282 101,522 101,943 101,997 102,507 102,683 102,279 102,538 101,927 103,000 103,133
16,876 16,794 16,928 17,033 17,118 17,064 17,197 16,948 16,908 17,015 16,887 17,064 16,959
83,949 84,447 84,354 84,489 84,825 84,933 85,310 85,735 85,371 85,523 85,040 85,935 86,174
1,123
1,150
1,156
1,092
1,170
1,175
1,200
1,147
1,286
1,222
1,100
1,175
1,212
82,737 83,272 83,254 83,267 ' 83,539 83,733 84,163 84,565 84,196 84,431 83,884 84,786 85,051
8,577
8,917
8,528
8,637
8,366
8,312
8,150
8,222
8,280
8,274
8,204
8,214
8,216
301
307
255
281
248
228
248
235
242
297
248
266
237
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
5,428
2,429
2,683
14,437
5,283
2,468
2,526
14,573
5,261
2,213
2,683
14,415
5,353
2,377
2,655
14,488
5,534
2,408
2,696
14,523
5,262
2,284
2,638
14,711
5,367
2,396
2,640
14,571
5,566
2,478
2,598
14,572
5,343
2,520
2,535
14,603
5,194
2,236
2,502
15,016
4,844
2,227
2,315
14,790
5,317
2,364
2,637
14,507
5,382
2,490
2,581
15,070
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
5,154
2,261
2,599
13,953
5,016
2,265
2,463
14,099
4,986
2,034
2,603
13,987
5,067
2,196
2,557
14,011
5,241
2,209
2,597
14,064
5,004
2,111
2,552
14,222
5,145
2,260
2,566
14,096
5,254
2,327
2,457
14,123
5,106
2,325
2,475
14,141
4,924
2,121
2,397
14,592
4,623
2,120
2,236
14,338
5,076
2,199
2,566
14,083
5,185
2,351
2,545
14,669
1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.
39
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988
1987
Sex and age
July
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men,
16 years and over . ..
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
112,639 113,050 112,872 113,210 113,504 113,744 114,129 114,409 114,103 114,713 114,195 115,018 115,059
20,184 20,475 20,116 20,096
6,650 6,917 6,654 6,693
2,760 2,849 2,754 2,768
3,875 3,996 3,911 3,936
13,534 13,558 13,462 13,403
92,551 92,606 92,735 93,071
78,015 78,202 78,307 78,477
14,497 14,498 14,491 14,641
20,065 20,112 20,312 20,271 19,916
6,706 6,809 6,865 6,779 6,564
2,734 2,826 2,776 2,752 2,657
3,985 3,994 4,061 4,045 3,906
13,359 13,303 13,447 13,491 13,353
93,424 93,625 93,778 94,118 94,239
78,731 78,916 79,170 79,351 79,588
14,663 14,716 14,581 14,673 14,566
19,990 19,773 20,404 20,159
6,660 6,645 7,051 6,907
2,682 2,649 2,820 2,691
3,967 3,995 4,227 4,210
13,330 13,128 13,353 13,253
94,686 94,359 94,592 95,016
79,946 79,920 80,088 80,481
14,712 14,438 14,542 14,469
62,150 62,341 62,368 62,468 62,581 62,656 62,808 63,059 62,759 63,323 63,030 63,411 63,490
10,441 10,586 10,448 10,403 10,370 10,369 10,456 10,444 10,349 10,427 10,351 10,591 10,446
3,367 3,516 3,401 3,431 3,417 3,471 3,521 3,434 3,352 3,440 3,439 3,614 3,537
1,417 1,410 1,391 1,409 1,390 1,451 1,444 1,406 1,376 1,397 1,369 1,418 1,388
1,938 2,046 2,021 2,034 2,040 2,035 2,053 2,046 1,982 2,042 2,068 2,184 2,150
7,074 7,070 7,047 6,972 6,953 6,898 6,935 7,010 6,998 6,987 6,912 6,977 6,910
51,733 51,781 51,900 52,047 52,210 52,299 52,338 52,623 52,469 52,862 52,654 52,793 53,064
43,203 43,289 43,408 43,488 43,592 43,690 43,848 43,992 43,975 44,336 44,175 44,278 44,541
8,524
8,503
8,514
8,580
8,605
8,629
8,470
8,567
8,467
8,530
8,466
8,542
8,534
50,489 50,709 50,504 50,742 50,923 51,088 51,321 51,350 51,344 51,390 51,166 51,607 51,569
9,743
3,283
9,889
3,401
9,693
3,262
1,359
1,902
3,253
1,363
1,890
9,695
3,289
9,743
3,338
9,857
3,344
9,826
3,345
9,567
3,212
9,563
3,220
9,422
3,206
1,439
1,344 1,375 1,332 1,346 1,281 1,285 1,280
1,950
1,937
1,959 2,008 1,999 1,924 1,925 1,927
1,945
6,460 6,488 6,415 6,431 6,406 6,405 6,513 6,481 6,355 6,343 6,216
40,818 40,825 40,835 41,024 41,214 41,326 41,440 41,495 41,770 41,824 41,705
34,812 34,913 34,899 34,989 35,139 35,226 35,322 35,359 35,613 35,610 35,745
5,973 5,995 5,977 6,061 6,058 6,087 6,111 6,106 6,099 6,182 5,972
1,343
9,814 9,713
3,438 3,370
1,303
1,402
2,043 2,060
6,376 6,343
41,798 41,953
35,809 35,939
5,999 5,935
A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988
1987
Sex and age
July
Total, 16 years and over .
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men,
16 years and over . ..
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
40
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
7,251
7,256
7,091
7,177
7,090
6,978
7,046
6,938
6,801
6,610
6,783
6,455
6,625
2,701
1,248
586
624
1,453
4,538
4,078
462
2,736
1,337
638
688
1,399
4,544
4,050
483
2,692
1,302
618
701
1,390
4,445
3,931
499
2,689
1,388
710
679
1,301
4,482
3,993
474
2,641
1,335
649
691
1,306
4,442
3,909
513
2,547
1,304
613
688
1,243
4,412
3,939
488
2,659
1,312
638
689
1,347
4,393
3,896
527
2,525
1,232
580
655
1,293
4,416
3,926
499
2,637
1,301
568
732
1,336
4,161
3,730
441
2,532
1,259
580
658
1,273
4,082
3,625
446
2,519
1,230
509
720
1,289
4,251
3,744
520
2,341
1,112
512
627
1,229
4,077
3,654
442
2,468
1,234
569
630
1,234
4,150
3,691
461
3,960
4,021
3,827
3,899
3,845
3,785
3,847
3,707
3,816
3,553
3,736
3,495
3,519
1,415
637
292
307
778
2,535
2,238
300
1,518
763
363
387
755
2,528
2,215
302
1,435
709
341
382
726
2,427
2,139
283
1,432
725
372
354
707
2,462
2,182
277
1,414
710
356
355
704
2,419
2,109
313
1,378
722
347
367
656
2,390
2,112
282
1,456
693
348
360
763
2,391
2,070
351
1,333
636
285
354
697
2,390
2,095
305
1,423
727
313
414
696
2,385
2,089
299
1,315
644
291
352
671
2,243
1,951
276
1,354
664
275
388
690
2,363
2,051
323
1,247
625
290
360
622
2,235
1,940
279
1,334
704
302
370
630
2,174
1,906
275
3,291
3,235
3,264
3,278
3,245
3,193
3,200
3,231
2,985
3,057
3,047
2,960
3,106
1,286
611
294
317
675
2,003
1,840
162
1,218
574
275
301
644
2,016
1,835
181
1,257
593
277
319
664
2,018
1,792
216
1,257
663
338
325
594
2,020
1,811
197
1,227
625
293
336
602
2,023
1,800
200
1,169
582
266
321
587
2,02i
1,827
206
1,203
619
290
329
584
2,002
1,826
175
1,192
596
295
301
596
2,026
1,831
194
1,214
574
255
318
640
1,776
1,641
14;
1,217
615
289
306
602
1,838
1,674
170
1,166
566
234
332
600
1,888
1,693
197
1,094
487
222
267
607
1,842
1,714
163
1,134
530
267
260
604
1,976
1,785
186
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1987
1988
age
July
Total, 16 years «.id over .
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.6
11.1
15.4
11.7
11.2
11.3
10.3
10.9
16.5
15.9
17.8
15.6
13.6
16.1
15.4
15.8
9.1
4.2
4.5
14.2
15.3
8.7
4.1
4.3
12.9
8.4
4.1
4.4
15.2
17.5
13.0
8.5
4.2
4.4
2.9
3.1
6.0
6.0
5.9
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.8
11.8
15.8
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over ..,.
25 to 54 years
55 years and over .
11.8
16.2
18.3
14.7
11.8
16.4
18.3
11.8
11.6
11.2
11.6
17.2
20.4
16.1
16.0
17.8
18.7
14.7
8.8
4.6
4.8
3.1
14.7
14.5
9.4
4.7
16.6
19.2
14.8
8.9
4.5
4.7
3.4
8.5
4.5
4.8
3.2
5.9
5.8
17.5
13.9
9.7
4.7
5.0
15.2
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
17.6
9.1
4.5
4.7
3.5
17.4
13.9
8.7
4.5
4.7
3.3
2.9
2.9
8.9
4.3
4.5
3.5
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.6
5.2
5.3
11.7
17.2
19.3
12.2
11.3
15.6
16.9
12.1
17.8
18.5
11.2
15.8
17.2
11.6
16.2
16.7
10.5
14.7
17.0
15.3
14.9
9.9
4.4
4.5
4.0
14.7
17.3
14.7
8.7
4.4
4.6
3.2
9.0
4.3
4.5
3.4
9.1
4.3
4.5
3.4
8.8
4.1
4.2
3.1
15.8
9.1
4.3
4.4
3.7
14.2
8.2
4.1
4.2
3.2
11.3
16.6
17.9
14.7
8.4
3.9
4.1
3.1
3.1
6.0
6.1
5.8
11.9
12.5
15.9
17.1
13.7
17.8
20.5
15.9
9.6
4.7
4.9
3.4
12.1
17.3
12.1
17.4
19.7
15.9
20.9
14.8
4.9
3.4
9.3
4.5
4.7
3.2
9.2
4.5
4.8
3.1
12.0
17.2
20.4
14.8
9.2
4.4
4.6
3.5
6.1
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.7
11.7
15.7
11.0
14.4
16.0
13.4
11.5
15.4
11.5
11.2
16.0
10.8
15.1
18.0
11.0
15.0
9.0
4.7
5.0
2.9
8.6
4.7
4.9
3.2
4.9
3.3
11.3
15.2
16.6
14.2
9.1
4.1
4.4
2.3
11.3
9.5
4.7
5.0
2.6
10.7
14.8
16.2
14.1
8.4
4.7
10.9
18.0
14.1
Men, 16 years and over .,,
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over......
25 to 54 years
55 years and over ....
4.9
3.2
9.4
4.6
4.8
3.3
10.0
12.4
13.7
11.6
8.7
4.2
4.6
2.6
10.5
13.6
17.0
11.2
8.7
4.5
4.7
3.0
9.9
4.7
Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over....
25 to 54 years
55 years and over .
16.9
14.4
9.4
4.7
4.9
3.5
16.9
19.9
14.6
8.5
4.7
4.9
3.1
17.9
14.7
16.4
19.4
15.6
17.9
14.1
8.2
4.6
4.9
2.8
13.1
8.4
4.7
4.9
3.1
16.0
15.5
14.7
8.8
4.3
4.5
3.2
18.4
13.7
8.7
4.2
4.5
2.7
A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)
1988
1987
Category
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec,
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May ! June
July
6.0
5.4
5.4
15.8
6.0
5.2
5.3
16.2
5.9
5.0
5.4
16.4
6.0
5.1
5.2
17.2
5.9
5.0
5.2
5.8
4.9
5.2
16.1
5.7
4.9
5.2
15.4
5.6
4.9
4.8
16.5
5.4
4.6
4.8
15.9
5.6
4.9
4.9
15.6
5.3
4.6
4.9
13.6
5.4
4.5
5.1
16.6
5.8
5.1
5.1
16.0
15.2
5.2
11.4
12.7
5.2
11.3
12.4
5.1
10.9
12.3
8.2
5.2
10.8
12.1
8.3
5.1
11.0
12.2
9.0
4.9
10.9
12.2
8.1
5.0
10.9
12.2
7.2
4.8
11.3
12.6
8.3
4.7
11.5
12.8
8.2
4.6
10.7
12.2
9.3
4.7
11.3
12.4
9.0
4.5
10.3
11.5
9.0
4.7
10.0
11.4
8.0
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present.
Women who maintain families ..
3.8
4.2
9.3
3.7
4.3
9.0
3.7
4.2
8.8
3.7
4.2
8.9
3.5
4.2
8.5
3.4
4.3
8.4
3.6
4.2
8.9
3.4
4.1
8.3
3.4
4.0
7.5
3.0
3.8
8.7
3.3
3.9
8.4
3.1
3.7
7.8
3.0
4.1
8.6
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2
5.7
8.1
1.6
6.9
5.6
8.2
1.6
6.9
5.5
8.4
1.6
6.8
5.6
8.3
1.5
6.8
5.5
8.2
1.5
6.8
5.4
8.0
1.5
6.6
5.4
8.3
1.4
6.6
5.3
7.9
1.4
6.6
5.3
7.7
1.4
6.5
5.1
7.4
1.3
6.2
5.2
7.7
1.3
6.4
4.9
7.8
1.2
6.3
5.0
8.1
1.3
6.4
6.1
7.1
7.9
10.8
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.6
4.4
6.8
5.1
3.4
10.9
6.0
6.9
8.6
11.3
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.6
4.4
7.0
4.7
3.7
10.6
5.9
7.0
7.4
11.9
5.6
5.4
5.9
5.3
4.1
6.4
4.8
3.4
8.6
5.9
7.0
8.3
11.2
5.7
5.2
6.5
5.4
4.4
6.5
4.7
3.3
10.6
5.8
6.5
7.0
10.6
5.3
4.8
5.9
5.5
4.5
6.8
4.8
3.4
11.1
5.7
6.4
8.0
10.6
5.1
4.8
5.6
5.3
4.6
6.2
4.8
3.2
5.8
7.1
7.7
12.2
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.3
3.6
6.1
4.9
3.0
11.5
5.7
6.9
7.8
11.0
5.6
5.9
5.3
5.1
3.6
6.4
4.5
2.8
10.2
5.6
6.5
7.9
10.7
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.2
4.2
6.8
4.2
2.8
11.0
5.3
6.5
8.4
10.6
5.3
4.8
6.0
4.7
3.8
5.9
4.1
3.0
10.6
5.7
6.6
10.4
10.5
5.4
4.9
6.0
5.2
4.4
6.3
4.6
2.9
13.9
5.4
6.0
6.7
10.2
4.8
4.4
5.4
5.1
4.1
5.9
4.6
2.8
9.7
5.4
6.3
5.3
10.2
5.2
5.0
5.6
5.0
3.5
6.2
4.5
3.1
10.8
CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over ..
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ..
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time
10.9
for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
1987
Weeks of unemployment
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
3,203
3,220
1,949
2,142
1 896 1 904
834
917
987
1,062
3,223
2,093
1,801
844
957
3,218
2,029
1,834
899
935
3,229
1,968
1,791
892
899
3,089
2,263
1,733
839
894
3,084
2,145
1,740
841
899
3,009
2,101
1,722
887
835
3,125
1,956
1,540
725
816
3,075
2,110
1,609
784
825
3,066
1,890
1,512
727
785
2,965
2,078
1,629
838
791
July
Aug.
3,186
2,144
1 920
945
975
Sept.
DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration in weeks
14.2
6.6
14.3
6.4
14.2
5.8
14.1
6.2
14.0
6.1
14.2
6.0
14.4
6.4
14.4
6.4
13.7
6.6
13.4
5.6
13.8
5.9
12.9
6.0
13.6
6.3
100.0
43.9
29.6
26 5
130
13.4
100.0
44.2
29.6
26.2
11.5
14.7
100.0
45.5
27.6
26 9
130
14.0
100.0
45.3
29.4
25.3
11.9
13.4
100.0
45.4
28.7
25.9
12.7
13.2
100.0
46.2
28.2
25.6
12.8
12.9
100.0
43.6
31.9
24.5
11.8
12.6
100.0
44.3
30.8
25.0
12.1
12.9
100.0
44.0
30.8
25.2
13.0
12.2
100.0
47.2
29.5
23,3
10.9
12.3
100.0
45.3
31.1
23.7
11.5
12.1
100.0
47.4
29.2
23.4
11.2
12.1
100.0
44.4
31.1
24.4
12.6
11.9
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed ...
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1987
1988
Reasons for unemployment
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
3,529
916
2,613
989
1,930
844
3,389
874
2,515
992
1,969
855
3,313
820
2,493
981
1,908
882
3,388
944
2,444
960
1,845
914
3,307
878
2,429
926
1,974
855
3,200
856
2,344
946
1,945
909
3,209
888
2,320
1,082
1,917
885
3,207
884
2,323
961
1,951
864
3,139
899
2,240
1,075
1,756
887
2,916
821
2,095
993
1,784
915
3,236
793
2,443
926
1,789
807
3,059
863
2,196
944
1,723
777
3,087
852
2,235
904
1,901
776
100.0
48.4
12.6
35.8
13.6
26.5
11.6
100.0
47.0
12.1
34.9
13.8
27.3
11.9
100.0
46.8
11.6
35.2
13.8
26.9
12.5
100.0
47.7
13.3
34.4
13.5
26.0
12.9
100.0
46.8
12.4
34.4
13.1
28.0
12.1
100.0
45.7
12.2
33.5
13.5
27.8
13.0
100.0
45.2
12.5
32.7
15.3
27.0
12.5
100.0
45.9
12.7
33.3
13.8
27.9
12.4
100.0
45.8
13.1
32.7
15.7
25.6
12.9
100.0
44.1
12.4
31.7
15.0
27.0
13.8
100.0
47.9
11.7
36.2
13.7
26.5
11.9
100.0
47.0
13.3
33.8
14.5
26.5
11.9
100.0
46.3
12.8
33.5
13.6
28.5
11.6
2.9
.8
1.6
.7
2.8
.8
1.6
.7
2.8
.8
1.6
.7
2.8
.8
1.5
.8
2.7
.8
1.6
.7
2.7
.8
1.6
.8
2.6
.9
1.6
.7
2.6
.8
1.6
.7
2.6
.9
1.5
.7
2.4
.8
1.5
.8
2.7
.8
1.5
.7
2.5
.8
1.4
.6
2.5
.7
1.6
.6
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers.:
Reentrants
N e w entrants
42
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1936 to date
(In thousands)
Service-producing
Goods-producing
Year
and
month
Total
Total
private
Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Total
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Wholesale
trade
Retail
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and
Services
real
estate
Government
Federal
State
0
0
0
(1)
Local
Annual averages
o
o
1936
1937
1938
1939
29,068
31,011
29,194
30,603
25,400
27,255
25,311
26,608
11,933
12,936
11,401
12,297
946
1,015
891
854
1,160
1,127
1,070
1,165
9,827
10,794
9,440
10,278
17,135
18,075
17,793
18,306
2,973
3,134
2,863
2,936
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,762
(1)
(')
(1)
4,664
1,373
1,417
1,410
1,447
3,312
3,503
3,458
3,502
905
O
(1)
(1)
1940
1941 ..=,
1942
1943
1944
1945 .. ,
1946
1947
1948
1949
32,361
36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754
28,159
31,877
34,624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897
13,221
15,963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565
925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930
1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194
10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441
19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189
3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001
1,835
1,960
1,906
1,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,602
4,914
5,251
5,212
5,160
5,214
5,365
6,084
6,485
6,667
6,662
1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828
3,665
3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240
996
1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908
0
(1)
(1)
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
(1)
()
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
19592
45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268
39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186
18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411
901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732
2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004
15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675
26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857
4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011
2,635
2,727
2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082
6,751
7,015
7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7,840
7,858
7,770
8,045
1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549
5,357
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
• 6,708
6,765
7,087
1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233
(1)
(1)
0
(1)
(1)
1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484
1960
1961
1962 ..,
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384
45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189
20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361
712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619
2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575
16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167
33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023
4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442
3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907
8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798
2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512
7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169
2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758
1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533
4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823
58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876
23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461
623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958
3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463
19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040
47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363
4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136
3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,969
5,204
11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,573
14,989
3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975
11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,252
17,112
2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773
2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541
7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633
90,406
91,156
89,566
90,200
94,496
97,519
99,525
102,310
74,166
75,126
73,729
74,330
78,472
81,125
82,832
85,295
25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,727
24,859
24,558
24,784
1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
721
4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,383
4,673
4,816
4,998
20,285
20,170
18,781
18,434
19,378
19,260
18,965
19,065
64,748
65,659
65,753
66,866
69,769
72,660
74,967
77,525
5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,159
5,238
5,255
5,385
5,275
5,358
5,278
5,268
5,555
5,717
5,753
5,872
15,035
15,189
15,179
15,613
16,545
17,356
17,930
18,509
5,160
5,298
5,341
5,468
5,689
5,955
6,283
6,549
17,890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,797
22,000
23,053
24,196
2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,963
9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,109
1980
1981
1982 .. ,
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
0
0
o
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1987:
July
August
September
October
November
December
1988:
January
February
March
April
May
JuneP
July?
1
102,430
102,672
102,906
103,371
103,678
104,001
85,421
85,656
85,851
86,241
86,520
86,794
24,788
24,851
24,902
25,025
25,123
25,201
722
728
734
740
736
735
4,997
5,012
5,012
5,060
5,090
5,118
19,069
19,111
19,156
19,225
19,297
19,348
77,642
77,821
78,004
78,346
78,555
78,800
5,373
5,394
5,427
5,448
5,466
5,481
5,874
5,892
5,914
5,935
5,958
5,984
18,543
18,569
18,605
18,705
18,761
18,784
6,570
6,581
6,588
6,604
6,608
6,619
24,273
24,369
24,415
24,524
24,604
24,725
2,941
2,943
2,962
2,966
2,974
2,980
3,965
3,971
3,973
3,985
3,988
4,001
10,103
10,102
10,120
10,179
10,196
10,226
104,262
104,729
105,020
105,281
105,489
106,021
106,304
87,044
87,475
87,700
87,973
88,139
88,661
88,929
25,180
25,271
25,330
25,435
25,466
25,590
25,672
728
731
733
737
739
740
740
5,083
5,150
5,192
5,238
5,237
5,305
5,319
19,369
19,390
19,405
19,460
19,490
19,545
19,613
79,082
79,458
79,690
79,846
80,023
80,431
80,632
5,499
5,513
5,530
5,543
5,556
5,578
5,593
6,010
6,035
6,061
6,089
6,115
6,145
6,169
18,927
19,045
19,050
19,093
19,130
19,213
19,295
6,633
6,636
6,651
6,650
6,656
6,676
6,678
24,795
24,975
25,078
25,163
25,216
25,459
25,522
2,973
2,972
2,970
2,963
2,957
2,951
2,947
4,006
4,014
4,031
4,041
4,050
4,030
4,049
10,239
10,268
10,319
10,304
10,343
10,379
10,379
Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959
benchmark month.
p
= preliminary.
2
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1987
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1987) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1984) are subject to revision.
43
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)
Industry
1972
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
85,861 86,057
Total private
88,268 89,459
89,607 69,593
69,706 71,379
514
520
531
537
44.0
6.7
13.3
44.3
6.5
13.4
48.8
7.1
14.6
49.6
7.3
14.1
33.3
5.0
10.6
33.5
4.9
10.7
37.6
5.7
11.4
38.
5.9
10.9
132.2
130.5
131.4
129.6
124.7
123.0
125.4
123.7
260.5
101.0
159.5
265.7
101.6
164.1
280.9
100.6
180.3
284.1
101.4
182.7
88.0
33.0
88.9
33.6
87.8
33.5
89.7
34.
4,064
4,168
4,137
4,339
744
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
11,12
12
162.
160.2
161.
159.1
153.2
151.2
154.4
152.4
Oil and gas extraction
13
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids ... 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services
400.5
204.3
196.
406.7
205.6
201.1
418.2
199.6
218.6
421.4
200.4
221.0
113.9
41.3
36.3
16.6
114.8
41.9
36.4
16.8
114.4
42.3
35.6
17.1
116.7
43.;
36.6
17.
5,176
5,288
5,289
5,507
14
142
144
147
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
15
152
153
154
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
16
161
162
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
Manufacturing
821.;
312.1
509.1
829.8
320.6
509.
808.5
304.2
504.3
5,628
834.:
321.8
512.7
18,982
19,446 19,651
11,127
11,476
11,581
753.9
87.0
203.1
165.7
33.8
266.9
103.9
71.,
23.8
38.3
43.
71.3
47.2
82.4
759.
90.9
203.6
166.9
33.
268.3
104.
71,
23.9
38.5
42.8
72.3
48.0
81.6
756.0
84.6
204.8
167.3
34.1
265.5
102.8
70.3
24.4
38.5
44.2
72.5
48.7
84.4
775.9
93.6
204.7
167.1
34.
271.6
107.9
71.3
24.7
37.3
45.1
75.1
50.5
85.8
538
4,450
996.3 1,029. 1,013.4 1,074.2
515.6
532.
573.6
537.6
29.6
24.8
26.3
29.4
451.1
451.0
474.3
467.6
694.1
265.3
428.8
702.0
273.4
428.6
683.0
255.2
427.8
706.9
272.0
434.9
2,373.2 2,437.; 2,440.7 2,557.9
487.4
477.3
481.7
499.4
163.2
156.5
151.3
162.9
421.0
406.7
430.2
446.5
435.1
425
441.2
465.4
155.6
149.6
146.0
152.9
180.1
171.
166.1
173.8
2,996.3 3,064.9 3,091.2 3,220.4
674.4
643.5 655.0
653.1
191.7
184.4
191.0
179.8
575.5
527.3 542.6
556.4
537.6
496.6
507.
512.5
195.0
192.3
198.4
188.9
213.
222.
209.8 218.6
11,234
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
422.6
1,358.6 1,392.9 1,388.9 1,452.3 1,464.5
721.9
738.5 752.4
789.8
58.1
54.9
57.8
52.8
578.9
596.3 583.7
607.6
19,091
Durable goods
July
1988P
72,421 72,512
735
10
101
102
44
June
1988P
727
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
See footnotes at end of table.
May
1988
721
Mining
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
July
1987
102,910 102,21; 105,956 106,882 106,098
Total
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals
June
1987
19,524 13,024
12,893
13,271
13,425
13,289
11,505
7.47J
7,352
7,655
7,730
7,654
774.4
631.4
72.4
179.4
146.3
29.8
221.2
84.9
57.3
21.0
34.9
36.9
53.8
38.1
67.7
637.4
76.5
180.1
147.6
29.3
222.2
85.8
57.3
20.8
35.1
36.:
55.0
39.0
67.1
630.6
70.2
180.6
147.5
30.1
218.7
83.0
56.3
21.3
34.9
37.6
54.6
39.4
68.9
648.6
78.3
180.2
147.0
30.2
224.1
87.5
57.1
21.7
33.7
38.6
57.3
41.3
70.1
645.9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
1972
SIC
Code
Production workers
A l employees
l
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988 P
July
1988 P
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
514.8
305.5
137.8
98.4
26.5
28.6
66.9
28.4
74.8
39.2
510.0
300.2
135.7
97.5
23.6
28.1
66.4
28.8
75.6
39.0
534.4
317.9
144.3
101.3
28.2
29.8
67.1
30.2
77.3
41.9
535.8
316.3
144.2
102.9
26.3
29.9
68.0
30.7
78.0
42.8
529.0
411.4
258.1
120.6
82.0
21.7
21.8
50.3
21.7
54.0
27.3
406.9
253.3
118.6
81.5
18.9
21.3
50.0
22.0
54.4
27.2
425.6
268.5
125.9
84.8
23.1
22.8
50.4
23.3
55.6
27.8
427.3
267.0
125.8
86.1
20.9
23.2
51.3
23.8
56.2
29.0
421.1
_
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296
592.4
15.2
88.3
45.7
42.6
50.5
21.4
38.3
36.5
218.0
20.5
72.1
105.8
111.3
21.8
89
.
25.1
589.2
15.2
86.2
45.2
41.0
50.5
21.4
37.9
36.1
218.7
20.7
71.7
106.7
110.8
21.5
87
.
25.0
591.3
14.6
86.0
43.7
42.3
51.5
20.3
38.8
37.8
216.2
20.6
72.8
103.9
112.7
21.8
87
.
24.1
599.8
15.0
87.0
44.5
42.5
52.3
20.7
39.3
38.5
219.4
21.0
73.9
105.5
114.2
22.1
89
.
24.4
598.1
459.8
11.9
75.9
41.1
34.8
35.7
16.7
30.1
29.2
170.2
13.8
55.4
86.0
80.0
14.7
69
.
-
456.1
11.9
73.9
40.7
33.2
35.6
16.7
29.6
28.7
170.6
14.0
55.0
86.6
79.6
14.6
67
.
461.2
11.4
74.3
39.6
34.7
38.3
15.6
30.6
30.3
167.7
13.6
55.4
84.1
82.4
15.0
65
.
-
469.0
11.8
75.3
40.5
34.8
39.1
15.9
30.8
31.0
170.2
13.8
56.2
85.4
84.3
15.4
67
.
-
466.8
_
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
750.8
272.3
206.3
23.4
130.1
80.9
88
.
26.6
39.3
20.8
181.0
23.4
28.3
77.5
85.9
53.2
741.5
272.3
206.7
23.4
128.2
78.7
87
.
27.0
39.8
21.1
178.5
23.1
28.2
75.7
81.1
50.0
778.4
281.0
212.1
25.1
138.1
84.6
92
.
30.3
41.4
22.2
184.6
24.5
27.8
80.0
88.9
54.7
785.8
283.0
213.1
25.5
140.2
85.6
94
.
30.9
41.6
22.3
186.0
24.6
27.7
81.0
90.1
55.6
779.3
283.3
_
564.7
206.0
157.2
17.0
102.4
65.8
63
.
19.8
27.8
14.7
128.9
18.2
20.7
54.1
68.8
43.3
555.5
205.8
157.6
16.9
100.2
63.4
61
.
20.2
28.2
14.9
126.6
17.9
20.5
52.5
64.2
40.2
595.7
217.7
165.7
19.0
110.8
69.3
69
.
23.6
30.6
16.7
132.5
18.8
19.4
57.6
71.3
44.6
602.5
220.0
166.9
19.4
112.8
70.4
71
.
24.1
30.8
16.8
133.6
18.8
19.3
58.6
72.4
45.4
595.7
220.0
_
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
1,406.6 1,387.9 1,447.8 1,462.0 1,447.4 1,044.2 1,025.8 1,078.5 1,091.3 1,078.6
48.1
47.1
48.4
55.4
56.3
55.3
56.5
47.5
39.8
44.4
44.2
45.7
45.5
38.5
38.1
39.5
95.1
100.2
98.1
134.5
133.2 130.2 134.9
99.8
33.9
34.2
32.8
33.3
46.5
46.8
44.9
45.4
58.4
74.7
77.0
57.5
55.3
76.9
76.9
58.3
44.3
63.4
62.1
60.3
59.9
45.8
43.2
42.6
24.7
17.9
18.8
18.0
25.9
24.7
26.3
19.2
16.4
16.4
16.7
25.0
24.3
24.3
24.6
17.2
428.1
304.8 305.9 313.1
428.3 435.9 443.3
319.4
79.2
78.2
77.1
77.5
57.1
56.1
55.2
55.0
93.1
68.4
69.7
92.9
94.2
70.7
96.0
71.2
53.7
60.2
54.5
90.2
84.6
85.5
61.3
91.6
82.0
109.5 109.6 112.5 113.2
84.9
82.5
85.3
22.7
30.5
30.4
30.4
22.1
22.3
31.2
23.2
See footnotes at end of table.
45
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagrteuttwaJ payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment ....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ..
Machinery, except electrical, nee
....
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
See footnotes at end of table.
46
1972
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
345
3451
3452
92.2)
46.1
46.2
90.7
45.5
45.2
97.4
50.3
47.1
98.1
50.7
47.4
346
3462
3465
5469
347
232.5
29.7
96.9
94.8
112.0
72.7
39.3
77.7
43.7
214.0
78.7
52.0
223.3
29.0
90.2
93.2
238.3
30.5
96.5
99.8
110.3
71.1
39.2
76.3
42.0
235.8
30.2
96.2
98.0
117.7
76.3
41.4
78.6
43.2
212.6
78.6
51.5
230.1
86.1
55.4
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
118.9
77.1
41.8
78.7
43.2
231.4
86.8
55.4
July
1988P
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
70.5
37.5
33.0
185.0
22.8
82.4
71.8
89.3
58.4
30.9
49.1
26.2
68.8
37.0
31.8
176.1
22.1
76.2
70.0
87.9
57.0
30.9
47.5
24.3
74.6
41.2
33.4
187.5
23.2
81.8
74.1
94.6
61.7
32.9
49.2
24.2
155.8
53.0
39.6
153.8
52.5
39.1
167.9
58.5
42.7
June
1988P
July
1988P
75.7
41.9
33.8
190.0
23.5
82.4
75.6
95.6
62.4
33.2
49.1
24.0
168.4
58.6
42.6
2,022.8 2,011.9 2,125.1 2,145.9 2,150.1 1,199.0 1,185.5 1,273.0 1,282.2 1,283.4
58.3
57.8
55.2
55.9
86.7
87.3
87.5
87.9
13.0
12.7
12.7
13.9
22.2
24.6
25.7
22.3
45.3
45.1
42.5
42.0
62.7
62.2
64.5
65.2
74.2
75.3
61.3
63.1
94.1
92.3 106.0 104.8
51.9
51.2
44.4
44.3
69.4
75.3
76.2
69.2
143.4
141.9
212.4 212.5 231.6 235.5
126.2
126.8
52.6
52.3
78.7
47.2
46.8
78.1
83.2
85.8
11.2
11.1
10.3
10.3
17.0
17.1
18.2
18.4
26.9
27.0
21.4
21.8
36.4
44.4
44.4
36.8
18.1
17.7
16.9
17.0
32.5
32.5
33.3
33.6
18.6
18.3
16.9
17.2
24.4
26.6
24.5
26.9
212.4
214.4
297.0 299.1
284.7
288.2
206.2 203.0
29.0
29.2
27.9
28.2
44.8
45.1
45.9
46.1
11.1
11.2
10.3
10.6
16.6
17.3
17.0
17.5
107.9
107.6
103.2
104.9
136.9 135.0 140.7 141.0
39.7
38.9
36.1
36.5
54.9
51.1
51.4
55.7
15.0
14.9
14.8
15.2
20.5
20.6
20.2
20.5
95.2
95.9
103.7
102.6
171.1
161.4
172.3
160.8
22.7
22.7
24.4
24.3
40.2
40.3
37.7
37.6
12.8
13.4
14.1
14.0
21.0
19.4
21.1
19.8
15.7
15.4
17.5
17.1
28.5
28.7
26.5
26.8
166.6
165.1
156.0
158.0
247.3 245.6 255.4 258.0
26.6
26.4
25.0
25.0
45.2
45.5
43.6
43.4
33.3
33.0
31.3
31.9
42.4
42.9
41.6
40.9
12.4
12.2
11.5
11.*
20.8
21.2
20.8
20.5
19.5
19.6
19.1
19.2
30.4
30.4
29.7
29.7
13.9
14.0
13.0
13.4
20.1
20.2
19.4
19.2
11.9
11.8
10.4
10.3
17.4
17.7
15.7
16.1
162.2 167.9 168.8
161.8
507.2
514.8
483.8
484.9
136.4 137.1 141.3 142.5
452.9 459.7
430.8 431.9
126.9 124.6 131.5 132.2
177.2 175.1 182.1 183.1
97.4
96.7
91.3
92.8
126.4 125.0 130.5 131.3
204.4 201.8 218.5 220.6
270.5 268.7 288.0 290.8
25.8
25.7
24.1
25.5
31.4
32.2
32.3
30.2
178.9 177.7 192.8 194.8
239.1 238.5 255.8 258.5
2,071.9 2,064.3 2,106.6 2,125.9 2,115.1 1,212.7 1,204.4 1,239.2 1,250.7 1,245.4
78.5
78.1
77.2
77.7
107.4 106.9 108.9 109.9
35.6
35.7
35.3
35.3
48.4
49.6
48.4
49.6
42.9
42.4
41.9
42.4
59.3
59.0
60.3
58.5
129.4 131.2
122.9
123.8
181.2 180.1 186.0 188.3
69.9
70.9
65.7
66.1
89.3
90.5
86.0
86.8
35.8
36.3
33.8
34.3
61.4
62.2
59.8
60.1
107.1 108.8
106.8
107.3
134.3 135.9
134.5
135.6
24.5
23.9
23.4
23.4
29.5
29.7
28.8
28.8
18.3
18.3
17.7
17.8
22.6
22.7
22.5
22.6
28.1
27.7
26.3
26.8
35.3
35.8
34.4
34.9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Electrical and electronic equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
1972
SIC
Code
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
Production workers1
Al employees
June
1987
191.2
25.4
76.8
15.2
26.0
80.6
60.6
605.4
117.1
488.3
623.0
38.4
245.5
267.5
147.5
26.8
65.0
July
1987
188.1
25.6
75.1
14.6
25.6
79.0
58.9
605.1
116.8
488.3
624.3
37.7
246.7
268.1
146.3
26.3
64.7
May
1988
192.3
25.6
75.7
15.5
26.7
80.3
60.4
598.5
117.8
480.7
655.7
38.4
261.5
278.8
150.6
28.5
66.6
June
1988P
July
1988P
June
1987
139.0
21.8
51.1
11.2
19.5
54.4
39.9
254.0
67.9
186.1
354.2
24.4
94.5
181.5
102.3
20.9
48.9
193.1
25.6
75.8
15.8
27.0
81.4
61.1
600.2
118.2
482.0
664.9
39.2
265.7
281.7
152.2
29.1
67.1
July
1987
136.0
21.9
49.6
10.5
19.1
52.8
38.2
253.3
67.3
186.0
353.7
23.8
94.8
181.2
101.7
20.4
48.9
May
1988
139.7
21.9
50.1
11.4
20.0
55.1
40.0
251.7
70.0
181.7
372.2
24.9
102.9
187.5
105.9
21.4
50.9
June
1988P
July
1988P
140.3
22.0
50.0
11.7
20.2
55.5
40.1
252.6
70.6
182.0
376.5
25.0
104.6
188.9
107.3
22.1
51.3
2,052.5 2,006.6 2,048.1 2,050.5 2,023.0 1,298.4 1,242.7 1,282.8 1,282.2 1,249.6
667.6
853.1
856.6
826.0
875.4
664.9
633.0
647.3
838.6 682.9
350.3
269.7
254.9
294.7
360.6
359.8
389.5
270.8
43.5
43.9
34.5
34.7
34.8
44.0
43.9
33.9
382.4
397.1
392.7
321.5
319.3
304.6
315.1
399.9
31.6
26.0
25.4
32.3
32.8
31.2
24.7
24.2
702.4
695.6
697.0
340.6
339.2
346.7
348.1
698.6
359.3
365.8
351.7
162.2
156.3
368.6
160.6
157.9
150.4
156.5
157.3
73.9
78.7
80.4
150.1
74.0
186.6
179.4
188.0
104.5
111.4
179.9
104.6
110.1
184.3
185.8
138.5
199.9
196.5
148.5
137.1
152.2
128.4
122.1
131.3
122.8
87.3
92.8
96.0
86.8
62.2
68.6
63.0
55.7
51.2
68.1
56.2
50.3
26.7
30.5
26.6
18.0
31.0
22.6
18.2
22.2
204.1
204.7
205.0
203.1
60.5
60.4
65.0
66.8
152.9
154.9
47.7
48.1
153.1
153.1
42.6
42.6
35.0
52.0
51.5
52.5
35.3
34.6
35.5
51.9
16.2
15.4
20.6
19.9
20.4
16.2
15.9
20.6
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
696.9
83.2
238.4
41.4
52.9
103.1
33.7
185.6
92.8
79.0
37.3
107.3
11.4
694.4
82.8
236.9
40.8
52.9
102.3
33.7
185.5
92.0
79.6
36.6
107.7
11.2
707.6
85.4
235.0
41.5
52.6
100.9
34.3
196.9
96.3
86.0
38.4
107.0
10.6
714.5
86.0
235.9
41.3
53.5
101.0
34.8
199.9
97.6
87.3
38.8
108.4
10.7
712.4
-
378.8
37.6
133.0
26.7
27.5
51.4
16.6
111.1
53.3
50.0
25.5
46.7
8.3
375.4
37.3
131.8
26.0
27.4
50.6
16.7
110.0
52.3
49.8
25.0
46.6
8.0
390.6
39.7
133.3
27.3
28.1
50.7
17.3
120.1
56.0
55.8
26.3
46.1
7.8
395.2
40.0
134.3
27.2
29.0
50.8
17.7
121.9
56.7
56.6
26.6
46.8
7.9
393.4
-
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles...
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
371.0
53.5
37.6
12.2
97.0
44.2
52.8
33.2
41.5
22.1
133.6
57.7
361.2
50.5
35.0
11.8
95.4
43.1
52.3
32.4
38.7
19.6
132.4
57.6
381.1
55.0
38.8
12.5
104.5
46.5
58.0
33.8
39.2
20.4
136.1
59.5
385.1
55.4
39.1
12.5
105.6
47.0
58.6
34.1
39.8
20.8
137.7
60.0
376.4
-
271.2
37.1
25.9
10.1
73.1
32.7
40.4
23.1
32.6
17.3
95.2
39.8
262.6
34.8
23.9
9.7
71.5
31.7
39.8
22.6
29.7
14.9
94.3
39.9
278.2
38.2
26.9
10.5
78.9
34.1
44.8
23.8
30.1
15.7
96.7
40.9
281.3
39.0
27.4
10.4
79.1
34.2
44.9
24.3
30.8
16.0
97.7
41.3
273.9
-
See footnotes at end of table.
47
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
SIC
UUUO
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209
Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes
21
211
Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
See footnotes at end of table.
48
Production workers
All employees
1972
Industry
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
5,695 5,635
5,616
7,857 7,855 7,970 8,070 8,019
5,552 5,541
1,624.2 1,667.4 1,603.3 1,650.9 1,684.6 1,146.8 1,186.8 1,125.8 1,168.1 1,197.9
336.7
327.5
330.8
397.3
387.2 391.4
382.7
323.8
118.9
118.0
112.2
111.2
142.1
140.9
134.2
133.3
59.4
58.1
59.0
58.8
80.5
79.3
80.5
79.8
140.0
137.4
137.0
151.7
148.4
134.4
154.0
151.3
103.6
99.7
103.0
164.6
169.5
167.2
166.3
102.6
33.7
32.8
42.7
32.3
43.9
42.4
42.5
32.6
41.0
41.3
81.4
40.0
82.1
80.9
81.8
41.3
196.7
178.7
229.2
222.9
273.7
241.6
242.1
198.3
16.3
16.1
16.5
23.7
15.4
23.3
23.1
22.5
61.1
87.2
53.8
63.4
67.9
102.1
75.6
77.2
44.3
48.5
53.4
39.2
50.1
54.4
46.9
45.1
91.5
85.4
89.8
130.0
124.7
85.8
132.1
125.3
15.2
16.5
16.0
24.0
23.5
22.7
22.7
15.2
28.0
26.5
27.4
26.6
44.4
43.6
42.0
42.2
126.7
210.1
124.6
128.1
126.9
207.8
205.5
208.9
91.6
90.1
91.2
160.7
164.1
90.7
162.2
164.3
34.5
36.9
44.8
45.8
44.8
35.1
36.2
45.6
71.0
69.0
65.6
67.1
91.3
88.9
85.3
86.9
14.8
17.1
15.0
12.8
19.4
19.6
14.0
18.5
39.4
43.1
41.6
52.4
50.7
48.3
48.8
39.8
25.0
23.6
25.2
34.0
34.1
33.5
33.6
23.6
86.2
90.6
84.0
208.9
207.8
90.6
199.1 202.8
24.3
24.5
26.1
40.0
41.3
41.0
26.0
39.9
41.0
39.3
41.1
123.4
122.7
41.0
120.8
118.2
130.7
133.8
124.0
128.1
174.5
166.8
176.8
170.6
51.4
40.0
51.4
40.4
49.2
37.6
49.7
38.5
49.5
-
37.9
29.7
38.2
30.3
36.2
28.2
36.6
29.0
36.3
-
727.7
100.2
87.1
18.5
23.2
216.2
36.1
35.7
73.0
26.3
26.0
60.4
24.0
22.5
57.8
111.1
81.8
15.5
53.2
717.1
100.2
86.8
16.4
22.3
213.2
35.7
35.6
71.7
25.6
25.8
58.7
23.0
21.8
57.7
109.3
81.1
15.4
52.5
728.6
100.6
91.6
19.5
24.7
208.9
33.4
35.2
70.0
25.6
25.5
58.8
24.1
21.2
58.3
111.4
82.6
15.0
54.8
730.6
99.6
92.5
19.6
24.7
209.7
33.6
35.3
70.0
25.7
25.7
58.8
24.1
21.1
58.8
112.0
83.1
15.1
54.9
715.8
-
631.9
90.5
77.5
15.2
20.1
189.9
32.3
32.0
65.0
22.3
22.7
50.6
20.3
18.2
46.7
99.6
74.2
13.8
41.8
622.6
90.6
77.4
13.3
19.2
187.1
31.9
32.0
63.9
21.6
22.5
49.2
19.4
17.7
46.8
98.1
73.5
13.7
40.9
631.6
91.2
81.1
16.0
21.1
184.7
30.6
31.7
62.4
21.7
22.4
48.7
19.9
17.1
46.5
99.6
74.7
13.2
42.7
633.4
90.3
81.9
16.1
21.1
185.2
30.9
31.8
62.3
21.7
22.4
48.7
19.9
17.0
47.4
100.0
75.1
13.2
42.7
619.3
-
1,109.0 1,081.0 1,103.0 1,106.9 1,055.6
_
58.7
58.4
57.6
58.4
312.4 314.8
308.4
305.6
85.7
85.8
85.2
87.0
50.0
49.9
48.0
49.1
97.4
94.8
95.2
96.2
341.7
350.7 350.5
358.3
46.4
45.3
44.6
46.9
77.6
84.4
83.0
82.3
42.2
42.0
43.0
41.2
175.7
180.0
182.6
184.0
932.9
49.8
266.3
74.7
42.9
83.3
299.8
38.9
71.1
35.5
154.3
906.2
49.4
263.6
73.6
42.0
82.8
284.0
38.5
64.5
34.7
146.3
928.0
50.4
269.4
72.9
43.5
84.2
293.5
36.9
68.5
33.6
154.5
931.6
50.6
271.6
73.6
43.6
85.0
292.7
37.3
69.2
34.5
151.7
880.7
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
1972
SIC
Code
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
2824
Drugs
283
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
2841
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2842,3
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
286
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
2865
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee ... 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
289
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
Production workers1
All employees
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
73.2
59.6
13.6
60.1
25.1
42.3
190.0
25.4
51.4
39.9
71.8
58.7
13.1
59.3
25.1
40.7
186.3
25.1
51.8
37.8
71.1
57.9
13.2
56.2
23.6
42.4
194.0
25.1
53.2
39.5
679.1
687.0
191.9
168.1
53.4
234.0
58.4
27.2
53.0
207.7
697.0
110.1
22.8
190.5
167.1
54.5
232.4
58.9
26.5
51.7
201.7
44.0
109.5
23.0
45.6
112.3
23.5
195.7
171.9
54.3
237.1
59.0
27.5
53.5
209.9
46.0
113.4
24.0
122.0
126.5
113.4
84.6
28.8
163.3
336.0
110.4
82.1
28.3
78.5
526.0
163.1
335.5
351.1
49.4
73.3
53.1
49.2
73.2
53.1
51.1
77.9
55.4
526.9
81.6
551.7
170.5
168.1
127.8
27.9
167.2
127.4
27.1
June
1988P
58.7
49.6
9.1
47.3
20.5
35.2
159.4
20.6
45.1
32.6
519^6
515.6
144.9
126.5
40.9
172.8
38.2
20.3
40.8
519.3
145.9
127.2
40.5
171.5
36.0
20.8
528.1
149.7
130.8
41.2
20.9
41.0
158.4
35.7
83.6
19.7
157.0
34.7
83.3
19.8
41.4
161.4
36.3
84.5
20.1
170.4
352.5
51.5
78.8
55.8
170.7
840.8
171.6
45.0
60.3
37.8
22.5
42.4
380.0
117.3
240.7
34.2
58.8
837.7
170.3
45.3
58.6
36.4
22.2
42.0
380.4
117.1
241.4
33.9
39.8
29.0
82.6
552.5
July
1988P
59.0
50.0
9.0
48.3
20.7
35.3
159.9
20.6
45.2
32.8
41.0
127.0
114.1
85.1
169.4
128.6
27.6
May
1988
58.6
49.6
9.0
49.5
22.0
34.0
152.8
20.4
43.8
31.5
173.8
38.2
1,020.7 1,031.6 1,057.9 1,072.1 1,077.1
129.7 132.5 133.9
130.0
89.1
86.4
89.8
86.0
168.0 168.6 171.1
158.0
79.4
77.7
76.7
76.4
64.4
64.0
63.6
54.3
215.8
216.7 226.5 230.7
171.3 180.3 183.1
171.1
154.0 153.9 161.9 165.0
45.4
44.6
44.7
44.2
43.1
43.0
41.0
41.1
74.2
76.5
68.2
68.8
63.5
61.9
63.2
62.8
151.1 151.7 154.8 156.4
29.6
28.9
28.8
30.0
122.8
125.2
122.3
126.4
53.7
51.8
53.3
50.9
96.8
98.9
98.0
97.2
167.8
127.3
28.2
July
1987
146.4
127.6
691.5
1,506.6 1,506.3 1,557.1 1,565.6 1,564.6
469.2 469.8 476.1 479.5
120.6
111.9
83.2
28.7
78.3
June
1987
60.1
50.6
9.5
50.4
22.0
35.5
156.5
20.6
43.6
33.6
71.2
58.2
13.0
57.1
23.7
42.7
193.9
25.2
53.2
39.4
683.5
192.5
168.6
54.6
233.0
59.1
27.0
51.8
203.4
45.0
July
1988P
39.7
573.5
67.5
48.4
595.3
67.2
48.4
104.0
45.2
38.7
99.7
77.4
98.7
27.9
22.9
47.9
31.4
84.7
18.7
66.0
32.4
55.1
578.7
67.0
47.8
110.3
45.2
45.0
99.5
77.0
98.1
28.1
22.9
47.1
31.6
85.4
18.7
66.7
31.7
55.1
110.4
81.3
22.0
110.4
81.7
21.6
108.9
81.1
20.7
58.8
873.9
171.7
46.1
61.6
38.4
23.2
42.4
402.9
121.8
257.0
35.1
61.9
40.8
110.8
45.9
44.9
102.1
79.6
104.3
27.7
24.8
51.8
30.3
89.5
18.3
71.2
34.6
56.5
523.3
174.1
36.3
21.0
41.9
163.1
36.6
85.4
20.5
875.9
172.0
45.7
871.0
61.6
38.2
23.4
42.6
403.2
122.0
257.4
35.2
62.7
41.1
604.2
67.6
48.7
112.3
46.8
45.6
604.4
103.3
79.9
107.6
28.2
25.0
54.4
31.3
90.6
18.6
72.0
34.3
57.2
110.5
82.2
21.2
112.5
See footnotes at end of table.
49
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
1972
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
627.5
61.2
8.9
676.2
61.7
10.9
684.6
62.5
10.5
15.8
78.9
471.7
15.8
77.4
464.2
17.8
83.3
502.5
18.3
84.2
509.1
137.4
121.5
12.0
74.1
30.0
28.1
7.6
13.2
117.4
11.3
72.4
30.2
26.8
7.2
12.7
120.8
11.9
74.1
31.1
26.3
7.9
12.2
122.0
12.0
74.9
31.5
26.8
8.2
12.0
112.7
5,611
5,593
4,481
4,456
4,611
4,656
4,640
3,315
3,348
3,322
272.7
99.5
221.4
98.7
296.3
104.4
282.2
105.3
28.4
28.6
28.3
28.0
821.2
85.6
10.9
812.6
85.8
10.9
870.1
86.1
13.1
879.8
87.3
12.7
303,4
306
307
22.2
103.4
599.1
22.1
101.8
592.0
24.0
108.5
638.4
24.6
109.3
645.9
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
144.4
14.5
85.9
36.9
31.8
10.5
15.8
139.9
13.7
83.7
36.8
30.4
10.3
15.4
146.3
14.3
86.7
38.5
29.7
11.5
15.9
147.9
14.5
88.1
39.2
30.4
11.7
15.5
5,398
5,377
5,559
3,175
3,134
Transportation
July
1987
636.7
61.4
8.9
30
301
302
Transportation and public utilities
June
1987
Railroad transportation
Class I railroads2
40
4011
313.8
275.9
314.5
276.2
303.1
262.1
41
411
412
413
415
294.7
109.1
33.7
31.3
98.0
243.9
108.2
33.2
31.5
49.3
321.0
114.5
33.3
31.2
117.1
306.6
115.5
32.6
31.1
102.6
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
42
421,3
422
Water transportation
Local water transportation
Water transportation services
44
445
446
183.9
28.2
101.5
180.6
28.6
98.4
180.6
26.7
101.1
188.1
28.4
106.6
Transportation by air
Air transportation
Air transportation services
45
451,2
458
602.9
530.5
72.4
607.6
534.1
73.5
643.8
564.9
78.9
648.7
569.4
79.3
Pipe lines, except natural gas
46
18.5
18.7
16.1
16.7
300.5
63.1
328.4
67.2
677.2
306.3
264.4
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses
871.7
331.5
68.0
Transportation services
Freight forwarding
47
471
Communication and public utilities
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting
Television broadcasting
48
481
483
4832
4833
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
49
491
492
493
495
See footnotes at end of table.
50
301.2
63.3
2,223 2,243 2,244 2,263
1,290.4 1,303.7 1,310.5 1,316.9
912.5
903.3
907.6
916.5
236.6 234.0 244.4 245.2
117.4
116.5
116.0
116.6
127.8
120.1
118.0
127.8
1,270.4 1,278.8 1,323.6 1,351.5
1,183.9 1,192.1 1,231.8 1,259.0
91.8
92.5
86.5
86.7
13.5
13.7
11.1
11.6
980.3
667.7
194.9
990.1
678.6
192.3
990.0
666.8
200.8
994.2
668.8
201.8
741.2
343.9
133.4
170.1
71.8
745.5
344.6
134.2
171.5
72.9
738.7
340.4
131.3
165.9
79.3
751.1
344.1
134.7
168.5
81.5
2,271
50
501
5012
5013
933.0
449.3
167.8
206.3
82.4
938.8
450.6
168.9
207.6
84.1
933.4
445.7
166.2
202.2
91.7
946.3
450.1
169.7
204.5
93.8
5,889
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Automotive parts and supplies
1,459.6 1,468.5 1,521.7 1,550.2
1,356.0 1,364.7 1,411.7 1,439.6
110.0
103.8
103.6
110.6
5,908
6,110
6,178
6,204
4,724
4,739
4,919
4,984
3,450
436.9
111.9
294.5
3,467
438.6
113.0
295.0
3,635
449.8
118.4
300.6
3,676
455.1
119.6
304.7
3,700
2,738
350.1
2,751
352.1
2,901
360.6
2,940
365.5
5,004
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, TV and radios
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Commercial machines and equipment
Construction and mining machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Professional equipment and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals .
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wines and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Farm supplies
1972
SIC
Code
502
5021
5023
503
5031
5039
504
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
509
5093
June
1987
July
1987
Retail trade
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
June
1987
2,439
202.3
166.2
200.1
797.0
251.3
65.6
103.2
130.8
198.6
83.6
115.0
153.4
97.0
56.4
465.6
153.6
2,441
203.8
167.5
199.6
796.1
251.2
66.0
102.0
130.8
199.6
84.1
115.5
154.3
98.0
56.3
465.9
153.1
18,636
770.6
425.1
158.7
768.4
426.7
158.9
2,475
210.0
172.6
199.8
793.0
254.5
63.9
101.0
131.7
202.6
86.4
116.2
154.5
97.1
57.4
486.5
165.4
2,502
212.3
174.4
202.5
807.2
255.5
64.6
105.5
134.1
204.3
87.7
116.6
157.3
100.0
57.3
486.3
163.2
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988 P
114.5
115.6
115.3
199.1
218.4
225.0
70.5
105.4
376.2
69.9
105.4
377.4
72.3
114.1
396.4
73.4
115.8
402.4
213.6
215.5
218.3
July
1988 P
116.8
195.7
141.7 143.0
143.6
144.9
62.7
64.8
63.0
65.4
78.8
80.0
79.0
79.5
266.8 274.3
236.8 240.9
121.4
108.0 109.9
124.7
145.4
128.8 131.0
149.6
84.3
84.9
87.8
89.2
134.5 135.0
143.9
145.9
494.2 496.5 517.5 523.0
271.5 273.1
286.5 290.1
68.3
67.8
68.3
68.9
154.9 155.1
162.7
164.0
264.7 267.1
270.2 273.5
91.4
91.8
92.9
93.9
108.5 109.5
111.5
112.2
1,458.2 1,463.2 1,544.1 1,556.5
542.6 544.8
577.5
577.7
79.4
81.0
78.3
82.0
123.0
116.8 117.2
125.2
302.8 303.7 321.9 325.3
136.3
128.9 130.1
137.3
187.6
177.2 175.8
189.8
198.3 198.2 211.3 213.5
89.6
89.2
99.5
97.5
18,629
51
511
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191
Production workers1
All employees
221.2
1,153.1 1,157.1 1,235.1 1,246.9
158.7
173.0
1,986
165.1
138.5
150.1
675.1
1,988
166.2
139.7
150.5
674.1
2,018
170.1
144.8
153.2
670.6
2,044
171.7
146.6
155.7
686.1
96.2
155.8
97.8
158.2
100.1
159.8
126.6
127.1
126.9
129.7
377.9
19,130 19,367 19,391
170.6
95.7
154.7
2,504
158.8
377.6
396.0
394.5
16,572 16,570
16,949
17,169
641.3
363.3
132.1
657.0
356.2
136.9
666.4
366.7
139.8
Building materials and garden supplies .
Lumber and other building materials .
Hardware stores
52
521
525
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
53
531
533
539
2,358.3 2,379.7 2,462.6 2,482.7 2,488.2 2,211.3 2,228.8 2,280.8 2,295.3
1,965.3 1,986.6 2,049.7 2,067.0
1,859.7 1,876.6 1,911.9 1,923.2
236.6 235.7 242.7 242.6
215.8 215.3 221.3 221.7
157.4
156.4
173.1
170.2
136.9
135.8
147.6
150.4
Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners .
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
542
545
546
2,968.7 2,973.8 3,040.8 3,089.0 3,112.5 2,736.41 2,740.0 2,793.8 2,840.9
2,613.3 2,621.1 2,682.6 2,725.4
2,419.2 2,425.9 2,478.3 2,520.3
57.7
58.0
58.6
58.5
29.8
24.4
30.1
26.0
171.1
172.6
178.2
161.4
179.2
161.9
157.2
155.2
Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
55
551,2
553
554
17,182
2,022.9 2,031.8 2,076.4 2,099.3 2,117.6 1,699.5 1,708.7 1,735.5 1,755.5
984.0 1,006.7 1,014.8
982.2
833.8 840.9
817.2 819.0
320.9 324.6 328.3
263.6 266.5 270.2
260.1
333.2
614.8 618.2
540.5 546.0
536.7
630.6 636.8
552.0
790.9
423.3
165.3
799.5
433.8
167.8
642.2
360.6
132.5
J
See footnotes at end of table.
51
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings ..
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
1972
SIC
Code
56
561
562
565
566
Production workers1
All employees
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
1,100.9 1,094.2 1,084.2 1,094.7
104.2
104.1
106.2
105.9
383.0
386.7
381.1
381.7
257.8
256.7
250.8
256.4
217.4
218.4
217.6
220.1
931.6
87.1
329.4
222.9
178.2
925.1
87.1
323.2
222.7
180.6
915.4
84.8
321.2
217.4
181.4
925.8
85.0
323.5
224.3
181.1
818.4
457.4
284.0
91.7
269.3
192.6
76.7
657.9
367.0
658.2
367.2
669.3
370.1
670.3
372.5
74.4
216.5
73.8
217.2
78.6
220.6
July
1988P
78.1
219.7
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
Radio and television stores
Music stores
57
571
5712
572
573
5732
5733
Eating and drinking places
58
6,311.6 6,296.7 6,450.2 6,566.5 6,550.4 5,754.0 5,734.6 5,876.5 5,990.4
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods ....
Nonstore retailers
Mail order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
59
591
592
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599
2,303.1 2,296.8 2,406.8 2,416.5
591.4
579.5
577.1
590.3
125.6
122.8
124.0
123.5
797.5
756.8
759.1
785.6
139.9
129.3
130.7
138.0
73.4
75.9
78.0
71.5
77.3
76.8
74.8
75.1
151.8
151.9
146.1
146.4
171.5
160.3
160.6
157.9
60.5
60.6
60.0
61.3
276.0
276.9
270.2
272.0
126.5
126.9
126.8
126.0
90.4
86.4
86.8
90.2
110.6
104.4
105.2
110.3
424.5
375.8 430.7
381.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate3
792.8
444.7
275.7
87.6
260.5
190.3
70.2
795.0
445.8
275.4
87.0
262.2
191.3
70.9
817.7
455.6
283.0
92.0
270.1
193.2
76.9
1,939.1 1,933.3 2,020.9 2,024.8
503.8
502.7
494.0 492.4
631.2
6,740
6,771
3,301
Finance
6,657
3,321
3,292
3,325
664.3
242.7
246.9
246.6
87.1
312.6
6,660
655.1
244.8
6,616
634.3
86.3
306.0
91.7
350.4
91.7
341.7
4,874
4,904
4,828
4,897
3,335
Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
State banks, Federal Reserve
State banks, not Federal Reserve
Mutual savings banks
60
602
6022
6023,4
603
Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Federal savings and loan associations .
State associations, insured
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
61
612
6122
6123
614
615
616
903.2
398.8
221.5
172.2
238.0
55.5
185.8
902.9
399.8
221.9
172.9
238.3
56.1
183.7
891.5
393.5
222.0
166.8
245.6
63.5
166.0
897.3
394.7
222.6
167.3
248.8
64.8
166.1
Security, commodity brokers, and services
Security brokers and dealers
62
621
448.6
352.0
457.1
358.0
459.8
355.4
463.6
357.7
Holding and other investment offices
67
205.0
209.1
214.2
217.6
2,025
2,034
2,067
2,078
1,259.0 1,266.7 1,235.5 1,251.4
1,132.1 1,138.9 1,107.6 1,121.8
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance
63
631
632
633
636
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
64
See footnotes at end of table.
52
1,744.3 1,751.7 1,726.3 1,746.5
1,573.9 1,580.4 1,552.1 1,570.4
346.9
346.6
341.9
344.2
377.9
375.9
373.2
375.3
86.6
85.7
84.7
85.6
1,420.3 1,428.0 1,446.8 1,453.5
594.1
593.1
584.7
582.4
203.0
199.1
201.7
198.4
552.5
548.7
529.2
534.0
56.8
56.5
62.9
63.4
604.4
606.0
620.6
624.1
678.0
305.0
676.6
305.8
662.2
298.3
668.0
299.5
183.7
183.8
189.7
193.0
962.9
360.5
159.7
357.3
967.8
362.2
160.4
360.4
964.7
355.8
163.4
367.5
971.7
359.7
163.9
369.3
2,081
4,932
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1972
SIC
Code
Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Real estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc
June
1987
1,290
Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers
65
651
653
655
Combined real estate, insurance, etc
66
Production workers1
All employees
July
1987
1,305
May
1988
1,298
June
1988P
1,337
July
1988P
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
1,355
1,279.1 1,294.7 1,287.4 1,327.0
543.0
549.7 542.9 559.7
536.4
543.6 547.0 565.1
164.8
166.8 164.7 169.1
10.4
10.3
10.2
10.0
24,341 24,479 25,342 25,663 25,752 21,340 21,456 22,133 22,414 22,477
Services
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts
70
701
1,556.1 1,602.3 1,569.3 1,681.2
1,493.8 1,527.4 1,523.3 1,616.1
Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
72
721
722
723
726
1,132.8 1,127.5 1,192.7 1,195.7
407.5
405.8 414.9 419.1
52.6
52.2
54.2
55.3
353.9 353.1 359.4 358.6
77.7
77.6
78.9
77.6
Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Temporary help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming and software
Data processing services
73
731
7311
732
733
734
736
7361
7362
737
7372
7374
5,188.8 5,214.8 5,432.2 5,504.7 5,530.0 4,443.2 4,464.7 4,643.9 4,707.5
211.0
213.1
213.9
157.7 158.4 158.4 158.9
212.0
155.6
157.2
157.8
156.3
100.0
95.3
96.1
100.2
208.3
234.6
210.4 232.5
721.4
719.9
725.8
719.3
651.9
650.7 651.6 657.3
1,198.3 1,213.5 1,286.0 1,312.4
182.3
180.5
188.4
189.6
940.7 955.3 1,015.8 1,038.9
644.9 652.6
712.7
725.4
567.7
506.0
512.1
557.3
241.0 244.2 274.4 280.4
297.9 301.2 320.6 326.5
739
2,095.7 2,097.7 2,162.9 2,186.7
196.6
197.1
198.2 201.6
587.6
589.2 613.5
617.9
454.6 453.9 469.4 467.1
248.7
247.7
255.8
262.1
81.1
81.7
78.2
79.7
Miscellaneous business services
Research development laboratories, nee
Management and public relations
Detective and protective services
Equipment rental and leasing
Photofinishing laboratories
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395
1,338.5 1,369.6 1,358.0 1,447.8
362.8
361.8
369.4
373.3
318.9
317.5
320.5
319.5
Auto repair, services, and garages
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Automotive repair shops
75
751
753
804.2
165.2
478.0
804.2
163.7
481.6
829.5
168.9
497.1
837.5
169.7
504.5
670.9
670.7
686.5
693.3
394.4
397.8
410.1
416.5
Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops
76
762
319.0
102.8
322.4
103.9
337.1
109.6
340.9
111.9
264.9
268.5
277.8
279.1
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
78
781
783
234.8
107.2
114.0
235.4
107.7
114.3
231.8
106.9
109.3
246.2
113.7
116.2
196.7
84.2
197.4
84.8
191.3
81.7
204.9
87.5
Amusement and recreation services
79
1,021.5 1,053.1
963.7 1,054.0
912.9
942.5
818.1
900.0
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Outpatient care facilities
80
801
802
805
8051
8059
806
8062
8063
6,831.3 6,870.9 7,146.0 7,235.2 7,287.8 6,077.9 6,114.4 6,348.5 6,429.4
864.4 870.2
935.4
1,046.7 1,055.4 1,123.7 1,138.1
920.8
416.1
415.3 430.0 432.7
472.6 471.3 488.2 494.6
1,167.7 1,173.7 1,185.4 1,200.5
1,292.4 1,297.9 1,313.3 1,329.2
8069
807
808
866.4
426.0
869.9
428.0
879.3 889.3
434.0 439.9
3,153.2 3,176.0 3,302.5 3,340.8
2,940.5 2,960.2 3,077.3 3,112.9
75.6
76.0
81.9
82.5
137.1
139.8
143.3
145.4
135.1
265.1
135.5
266.7
146.1
282.8
2,876.3 2,898.1 3,016.7 3,053.0
148.0
288.0
See footnotes at end of table.
53
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Services—Continued
Legal services
1972
SIC
Code
81
Production workers1
All employees
June
1987
812.7
July
1987
815.9
May
1988
810.2
June
1988P
July
1988P
844.4
Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Correspondence and vocational schools
82
821
822
824
83
832
833
836
84
Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations
86
861
863
864
89
891
892
893
1,324.2 1,333.0 1,377.6 1,394.8
724.9
730.8
748.9
766.2
122.7
125.1
125.7
128.4
448.0
451.0
474.9
471.7
677.7
June
1988P
July
1988P
709.0
1,602.1 1,630.6 1,601.0 1,625.1
93.7
93.5
95.5
92.8
134.8 129.0 135.5 133.8
380.1 413.3 378.0 397.1
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services
Noncommercial research organizations
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
686.3
May
1988
1,468.1 1,494.3 1,594.1 1,579.3
299.0 307.7 305.8 307.4
227.0 249.9 232.8 242.0
351.4 352.9 369.4 377.0
Museums, botanical and zoological gardens
684.1
July
1987
1,296.9 1,224.1 1,504.0 1,355.7
358.1 323.7 385.9 367.5
776.8 735.2 944.6 813.2
76.5
74.1
80.1
80.3
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Residential care
June
1987
Government
50.2
17,051
Federal Government
4
State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
2,983
52.0
1,078.2 1,083.5 1,110.2 1,126.4
611.1 616.2
624.7
640.6
347.4
347.9
364.4
362.2
17,688 17,423 16,491
2,969
2,986
3731
124.5
75.7
125.9
76.4
121.6
73.9
2,988
121.6
74.0
806
42.9
432.7
252.8
42.9
435.2
254.2
43.3
424.2
247.2
42.8
426.0
248.1
806
82
3,832 3,752 4,107 3,913
439.9 442.0 444.4 444.1
1,439.9 1,326.5 1,681.9 1,455.1
3,830
1,408.1 1,428.5 1,431.4 1,458.0
806
82
9,421 10,612 10,524
10,243
491.6
497.2 491.5
497.1
611.3
614.0
631.8
637.5
5,641.2 4,625.5 6,044.8 5,769.1
9,673
3,147.7 3,303.0 3,101.5 3,255.5
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the
nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to
civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
51.2
2,917.5 2,923.3 2,909.9
993.6 1,001.2 966.9
816.3
810.0
827.3
1,107.6 1,112.1 1,115.7
39.2
39.5
38.1
19.6
19.7
20.7
Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
Federal government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
16,156
2,976
4
54
50.9
the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision. Data for Federal Government by industry have been revised to
reflect corrected March 1987 benchmark levels.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Apr.
1987
May
1987
1988
Apr.
1988
May
1988
47,069
47,304
48,704
48,985
49,245
38,181
38,429
39,531
39,822
40,068
6,796
6,823
6,991
7,021
7,057
95
95
96
97
97
516
523
542
553
564
6,185
6,205
6,353
6,371
6,396
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing
2,975
115
160
113
101
317
448
860
396
299
166
2,981
117
161
114
101
318
448
861
396
300
167
3,060
120
166
115
105
325
470
881
393
308
176
3,073
121
167
116
106
327
473
882
395
308
177
3,084
123
167
117
106
330
475
883
396
309
177
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3,210
486
16
349
875
162
642
289
24
282
84
3,224
492
17
350
877
163
643
291
24
282
85
3,293
498
17
351
881
165
670
304
24
298
86
3,298
499
16
350
879
166
674
306
24
300
85
3,312
504
16
351
880
167
673
307
25
303
86
40,273
40,481
41,713
41,964
42,188
1,525
1,537
1,594
1,604
1,615
Industry
Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities ....
Mar.
Wholesale trade
1,711
1,717
1,802
1,806
1,819
Retail trade
9,583
9,708
9,840
9,968
10,120
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
4,058
4,077
4,130
4,137
4,147
14,508
14,567
15,174
15,286
15,310
8,888
1,043
1,962
5,883
8,875
1,050
1,936
5,889
9,173
1,057
2,023
6,093
9,163
1,057
2,029
6,077
9,177
1,059
2,001
6,117
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.
55
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988
1987
Industry
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Junep
July1
104,262
104,729
105,020
105,281
105,489
106,021
106,304
86,794
87,044
87,475
87,700
87,973
88,139
88,661
88,929
25,201
25,180
25,271
25,330
25,435
25,466
25,590
25,672
736
418
735
417
728
414
731
415
733
419
737
421
739
425
740
425
740
423
5,060
1,340
5,090
1,348
5,118
1,352
5,083
1,365
5,150
1,377
5,192
1,383
5,238
1,400
5,237
1,394
5,305
1,411
5,319
1,389
19,156
19,225
19,297
19,348
19,369
19,390
19,405
19,460
19,490
19,545
19,613
11,315
744
11,355
750
529
531
11,390
754
533
585
768
279
1,429
2,062
11,411
755
534
585
772
281
1,439
11,459
758
535
587
773
281
2,099
2,111
2,117
2,045
848
706
383
11,477
757
537
585
776
281
1,448
2,121
2,115
2,048
851
11,514
758
537
587
781
282
2,100
2,047
11,404
756
535
584
770
280
1,438
2,091
2,112
2,031
837
705
382
11,573
755
543
583
766
278
1,421
2,049
11,393
754
536
583
768
279
7,976
1,647
55
732
1,105
7,986
7,994
1,647
54
685
1,538
1,047
166
854
686
July
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Construction
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
102,430
102,672
102,906
103,371
103,678
104,001
85,421
85,656
85,851
86,241
86,520
24,788
24,851
24,902
25,025
25,123
722
408
728
412
734
417
740
421
4,997
1,320
5,012
1,326
5,012
1,328
19,069
Total
Aug.
19,111
11,190
740
524
11,246
General building contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products .
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical ...
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
1,405
11,269
744
526
580
761
276
1,412
2,031
2,039
2,081
2,063
874
2,085
2,052
860
695
370
696
372
696
374
2,094
2,052
859
700
377
7,879
7,865
1,625
54
728
1,098
680
1,514
1,029
7,887
7,910
7,942
1,627
53
730
1,630
52
731
1,106
682
1,636
54
733
1,110
579
751
272
1,404
2,020
2,075
2,032
842
1,629
55
730
1,116
678
1,510
1,025
739
524
580
755
274
1,104
682
1,518
1,032
165
165
166
824
147
827
145
830
145
1,522
1,036
854
704
379
683
1,528
1,041
588
769
279
1,433
2,074
2,110
2,046
851
704
379
7,958
1,638
54
733
1,106
684
1,532
1,047
167*
167
145
845
145
851
146
167
839
1,435
2,085
2,112
2,036
839
704
380
1,649
54
732
1,104
1,544
1,049
165
147
856
147
2,115
2,025
835
705
382
729
1,106
687
1,548
1,052
1,444
1,456
2,135
588
790
283
1,463
2,159
709
2,120
2,046
849
712
381
382
386
8,001
1,648
54
727
8,013
1,643
52
728
8,040
1,645
53
1,100
1,100
687
1,554
1,056
689
1,559
8,031
1,648
53
727
1,096
691
1,066
874
146
164
860
864
147
146
870
146
165
1,564
1,060
166
166
2,126
2,050
856
713
728
1,089
691
1,568
1,071
167
884
144
77,642
77,821
78,004
78,346
78,555
78,800
79,082
79,458
79,690
79,846
80,023
80,431
80,632
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities
5,373
3,151
2,222
5,394
3,171
2,223
5,427
3,201
2,226
5,448
3,214
2,234
5,466
3,231
2,235
5,481
3,244
2,237
5,499
3,261
2,238
5,513
3,272
2,241
5,530
3,285
2,245
5,543
3,298
2,245
5,556
3,308
2,248
5,578
3,328
2,250
5,593
3,342
2,251
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
5,874
3,450
2,424
5,892
3,463
2,429
5,914
3,478
2,436
5,935
3,498
2,437
5,958
3,514
2,444
5,984
3,536
2,448
6,010
3,555
2,455
6,035
3,573
2,462
6,061
3,591
2,470
6,089
3,610
2,479
6,115
3,635
2,480
6,145
3,658
2,487
6,169
3,682
2,487
18,543
2,437
2,962
2,007
6,128
18,569
2,449
2,961
2,010
6,143
18,605
2,457
2,958
2,015
6,152
18,705
2,489
2,971
2,026
6,191
18.761
2,495
2,979
2,026
6,216
18,784
2,494
2,988
2,033
6,232
18,927
2,526
3,014
2,038
6,260
19,045
2,561
3,029
2,047
6,291
19,050
2,543
3,044
2,055
6,319
19,093
2,546
3,049
2,064
6,326
19,130
2,541
3,053
2,070
6,336
19,213
2,546
3,080
2,076
6,357
19,295
2,549
3,100
2,092
6,378
6,570
3,288
2,024
1,258
6,581
3,289
2,029
1,263
6,588
3,292
2,032
1,264
6,604
3,295
2,043
1,266
6,608
3,299
2,042
1,267
6,619
3,301
2,049
1,269
6,633
3,308
2,052
1,273
6,636
3,305
2,053
1,278
6,651
3,306
2,060
1,285
6,650
3,302
2,065
1,283
6,656
3,299
2,067
1,290
6,676
3,305
2,072
1,299
6,678
3,302
2,071
1,305
Services
Business services
Health services
24,273
5,179
6,836
24,369
5,212
6,875
24,415
5,233
6,894
24,524
5,282
6,928
24,604
5,287
6,962
24,725
5,306
6,995
24,795
5,321
7,019
24,975
5,385
7,056
25,078
5,405
7,088
25,163
5,420
7,126
25,216
5,443
7,153
25,459
5,477
7,206
25,522
5,492
7,252
Government
Federal
State
Local
17,009
2,941
3,965
10,103
17,016
2,943
3,971
10,102
17,055
2,962
3,973
10,120
17,130
2,966
3,985
10,179
17,158
2,974
3,988
10,196
17,207
2,980
4,001
10,226
17,218
2,973
4,006
10,239
17,254
2,972
4,014
10,268
17,320
2,970
4,031
10,319
17,308
2,963
4,041
10,304
17,350
2,957
4,050
10,343
17,360
2,951
4,030
17,375
2,947
4,049
10,379
Service-producing
Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1987
56
10,379
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally
adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987
1988
Industry
May
Total
Total private
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
47,076 47,254 47,458 47,582 47,700 47,941 48,072 48,240 48,396 48,615 48,772 48,865 48,999
38,443 38,581 38,776 38,893 38,985 39,170 39,295 39,425 39,573 39,767 39,881 39,969 40,075
6,846
6,859
6,909
6,905
6,931
6,963
6,990
7,007
7,022
7,028
7,040
7,058
7,082
95
95
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
97
97
525
528
531
533
536
538
542
543
546
549
552
558
566
6,226
6,236
6,282
6,276
6,299
6,329
6,352
6,368
6,380
6,383
6,392
6,403
6,419
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing
2,982
117
161
114
100
317
446
863
396
300
168
2,987
117
162
114
101
318
447
863
396
300
169
2,997
119
165
114
101
319
450
867
391
301
170
3,011
118
164
114
103
320
454
870
396
301
171
3,024
119
165
114
103
321
456
873
398
303
172
3,038
120
166
115
104
322
458
877
398
304
174
3,045
120
166
115
104
323
460
878
398
306
175
3,056
121
166
116
105
324
463
881
399
306
175
3,059
122
167
116
104
325
466
882
396
306
175
3,062
122
166
116
105
325
467
882
393
308
178
3,067
122
166
116
104
326
469
885
393
308
178
3,077
123
166
117
105
327
471
886
396
308
178
3,085
123
167
118
106
329
473
885
397
309
178
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3,244
513
18
350
873
164
643
292
3,249
514
18
351
876
163
645
291
3,285
520
17
354
892
163
647
295
3,265
514
16
353
876
164
650
296
3,275
515
17
353
880
165
651
297
3,291
518
17
353
883
165
654
299
3,307
521
17
354
886
166
658
301
3,312
521
18
354
883
167
660
303
(1)
296
86
3,321
528
18
353
881
167
664
303
3,321
528
18
353
879
167
666
304
(1)
296
86
3,325
526
17
352
880
167
669
305
3,326
528
17
350
875
167
672
307
3,334
526
17
351
877
167
673
309
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
(1)
282
(D
(D
(D
(D
0)
(D
282
85
285
286
86
287
86
291
293
87
87
85
Service-producing
88
40,230
Transportation and public utilities ...
40,549
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
8,673
1,045
1,913
5,715
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
8,689
1,049
1,929
5,711
8,715
1,056
1,927
5,732
1,795
1,802
1,813
1,813
1,826
4,126
4,131
14,727 14,755
14,658
8,682
1,045
1,925
5,712
1,610
9,972
4,108
4,101
14,574
14,514
8,633
1,045
1,908
5,680
4,120
4,105
4,088
4,076
1,602
9,955
9,876
9,827
1,599
1,774
9,925
9,856
9,789
1,588
1,785
1,762
1,580
1,572
1,756
1,739
9,751
(D
303
1,576
1,568
1,749
1,731
(D
300
86
41,233 41,374 41,587 41,732 41,807 41,917
1,559
1,542
1,724
0)
298
87
40,978 41,082
1,551
1,540
1,532
Government
Federal
State
Local
40,677 40,769
40,395
(D
296
87
10,056 10,127 10,123 10,130 10,161
4,139
4,139
4,147
4,141
4,147
14,954 14,981 15,083 15,159 15,225 15,249
14,832 14,878
8,771
8,777
1,057
1,060
1,935
1,937
5,779 5,780
8,815
1,062
1,945
5,808
8,823
1,060
1,947
5,816
8,848
1,061
1,952
5,835
8,891
1,061
1,960
5,870
8,896
1,057
1,968
5,871
8,924
1,054
1,971
5,899
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.
57
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers
seasonally adjusted
1
on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
(In thousands)
1988
1987
Industry
July
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
69,155 69,343 69,463 69,766 69,988 70,234 70,405 70,787 70,961
17,417
17,468
17,506
517
522
528
3,894
3,908
3,903
13,006 13,038
17,678
17,743
17,698
17,798
534
531
530
524
527
3,949
3,972
3,998
3,949
4,022
13,075
13,118
13,175
13,215
13,225
17,601
Apr.
May
Junep
Julyp
71,170 71,260 71,710 71,932
17,925
18,024
18,099
533
535
535
534
4,059
4,096
4,088
4,148
4,159
13,249
13,251
13,280
13,302 13,341
13,406
17,839
529
17,909
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
7,432
619
420
448
565
206
1,040
1,197
1,221
1,274
652
378
270
7,483
617
419
448
571
207
1,043
1,207
1,224
1,305
684
378
271
7,499
621
420
449
577
210
1,050
1,213
1,225
1,292
670
380
272
7,532
621
424
451
580
212
1,055
1,221
1,233
1,290
669
383
274
7,564
627
425
453
584
213
1,063
1,230
1,235
1,285
665
385
277
7,590
630
427
457
584
213
1,068
1,238
1,241
1,283
661
385
277
7,582
629
428
453
583
214
1,068
1,244
1,240
1,273
651
387
277
7,599
631
427
454
586
216
1,071
1,250
1,241
1,271
649
388
280
7,598
631
426
455
588
217
1,071
1,256
1,242
1,261
648
388
280
7,632
633
427
457
591
219
1,073
1,262
1,244
1,276
658
389
280
7,649
632
429
455
594
218
1,079
1,269
1,244
1,278
660
391
278
7,677
633
429
457
600
219
1,085
1,275
1,249
1,277
660
393
279
7,740
627
435
459
607
220
1,094
1,295
1,263
1,282
667
396
282
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
5,574
1,153
42
635
939
516
842
576
108
639
124
5,555
1,149
41
632
922
516
846
579
108
641
121
5,576
1,151
39
634
927
520
849
582
109
644
121
5,586
1,153
39
634
929
518
851
582
109
650
121
5,611
1,159
40
636
932
518
856
585
109
655
121
5,625
1,161
41
636
930
519
858
589
109
661
121
5,643
1,169
42
636
929
520
863
589
109
664
122
5,650
1,172
41
636
928
521
867
589
108
666
122
5,653
1,168
41
634
930
521
870
592
107
669
121
5,648
1,169
40
632
926
520
871
593
107
670
120
5,653
1,164
39
632
925
521
872
596
108
676
120
5,664
1,169
40
630
922
522
875
599
108
679
120
5,666
1,163
40
632
913
523
875
601
110
690
119
Service-producing
51,738 51,875 51,957 52,165 52,310 52,491
52,707 52,989 53,122 53,261
53,335 53,686 53,833
Transportation and public utilities
4,460
4,477
4,502
4,517
4,533
4,545
4,560
4,574
4,587
4,600
4,611
4,624
4,645
Wholesale trade
4,706
4,720
4,736
4,752
4,777
4,802
4,825
4,848
4,881
4,902
4,924
4,954
4,969
16,486 16,508
16,520
16,610
16,651
16,671
16,795
16,902 16,897
16,949
16,949
17,033
17,097
4,821
4,822
4,818
4,824
4,831
4,825
4,823
4,828
4,839
4,845
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
4,819
4,822
21,267 21,348 21,378 21,464 21,531 21,649 21,696 21,838 21,932 21,987 22,023 22,236 22,277
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.
58
4,827
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
INDEXES OF DIFFUSION
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased, seasonally adjusted
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
46.8
61.6
69.7
51.9
70.8
P
63.8
54.1
62.2
51.4
68.1
53.0
67.3
58.9
67.8
58.9
68.4
46.2
68.1
71.6
46.2
71.9
p
70.8
48.1
73.8
51.9
76.8
50.5
74.1
55.9
76.5
59.7
78.1
59.2
73.0
42.7
70.3
P
73.8
43.2
72.4
47.0
77.3
46.5
78.4
50.0
79.7
55.9
82.7
53.2
77.8
55.9
77.0
58.4
76.5
44.9
73.5
45.7
76.8
48.6
76.8
46.8
78.9
48.6
78.9
51.6
79.7
53.8
78.4
56.5
77.8
Time
span
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Over
1-month
span
1986
1987
1988
57.0
50.8
61.6
47.3
59.2
61.6
49.5
61.1
62.2
50.8
62.4
63.8
51.9
62.4
58.1
Over
3-month
span
1986
1987
1988
50.0
57.6
71.6
47.6
57.0
66.8
45.7
65.1
67.0
46.2
69.2
66.8
Over
6-month
span
1986
1987
1988
48.1
64.6
73.5
47.3
64.3
70.3
43.8
63.0
p
70.5
Over
12-month
span
1986
1987
1988
42.2
63.8
P
78.6
41.6
67.3
43.8
69.5
P
Based on the number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1,
3, and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural
industries. Data for the 12-month span are unadjusted.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
P
P
57.8
81.9
rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.)
Data are centered within the spans. Establishment survey estimates
are currently projected from March 1987 benchmark levels. When
more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted
data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.
59
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Constructior
State and area
June
1987
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
May
1988
1,506.6
391.6
123.5
162.2
125.9
56.4
1,527.2
403.8
127.4
163.2
126.7
59.7
June
1988P
June
1987
May
1988
June
1987
June
1988P
May
1988
June
1988?
1,542.2
408.5
128.4
163.7
127.3
58.3
11.3
5.7
.1
.5
.2
2.4
11.3
5.8
.1
.5
.2
2.5
11.4
5.8
.1
.6
.2
2.5
76.4
24.0
5.5
9.4
7.8
3.1
74.9
26.1
5.5
9.4
8.3
3.1
76.6
27.0
5.7
9.2
8.7
3.2
219.1
209.6
216.4
9.0
9.1
9.1
11.9
9.3
10.4
1,370.3
906.4
242.8
1,420.2
934.9
250.3
1,394.5
921.6
243.4
11.5
.7
1.6
12.0
.6
1.8
12.1
.6
1.8
105.2
70.7
20.1
94.6
63.4
18.5
96.0
64.6
18.5
837.7
47.1
78.0
229.5
32.5
860.7
50.0
78.7
235.5
32.8
861.9
49.2
78.7
236.4
32.9
4.3
36.2
2.1
3.2
11.1
1.7
34.7
1.9
2.8
11.4
1.6
35.4
1.9
2.8
11.8
1.6
11,687.3
1,093.8
158.6
203.0
4,015.1
103.4
812.5
204.6
607.9
549.6
864.3
930.0
784.0
146.6
125.8
142.7
125.6
12,050.1
1,111.2
160.7
209.7
4,090.5
108.0
830.5
211.9
637.3
574.3
901.4
947.0
799.1
148.7
129.1
144.5
130.4
12,121.0
1,120.5
160.2
208.1
4,100.2
109.9
835.8
214.0
637.6
578.0
905.7
950.7
803.7
148.7
130.4
144.2
132.1
3.3
2.8
1.3
.8
.8
.9
.2
1.3
.7
.1
.3
41.6
1.3
13.7
.7
9.4
(1)
3.3
2.8
1.3
.8
.8
.9
.2
1.3
.8
.1
.3
589.0
63.7
9.6
13.1
147.9
6.9
48.1
12.6
52.0
33.7
56.6
34.6
32.4
6.1
8.6
8.5
9.0
626.1
64.6
9.0
12.6
155.1
6.8
50.8
13.1
54.8
35.5
59.0
34.7
32.0
6.5
8.8
8.1
9.9
639.8
65.6
9.1
12.6
156.9
6.9
51.8
13.4
55.2
36.8
60.3
35.5
32.1
6.5
9.1
8.4
10.3
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
1,405.4
103.9
798.2
1,394.3
105.8
793.1
1,399.2
104.7
795.8
20.4
.3
13.5
20.8
.3
13.6
71.2
3.7
39.1
61.8
3.2
35.7
62.6
3.2
35.8
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
1,663.3
200.0
478.6
252.1
127.8
88.0
1,670.9
201.6
487.5
256.7
129.1
87.6
1,686.9
202.0
491.3
258.6
130.9
89.5
1.7
80.9
9.0
20.5
13.2
5.6
4.5
80.3
9.6
21.3
13.5
5.7
4.5
83.2
9.8
21.9
13.9
5.8
4.9
326.0
276.8
332.0
282.0
338.3
284.7
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
20.5
17.0
21.6
17.3
22.2
17.9
District of Columbia
Washington MSA
658.5
2,096.9
668.2
2,139.3
673.4
2,151.4
.1
1.2
.1
1.2
.1
1.2
15.4
134.3
15.6
135.4
15.9
137.2
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
4,841.3
112.1
464.4
106.2
395.0
143.3
828.1
479.6
125.6
103.9
107.7
797.3
320.8
5,093.8
117.3
485.1
115.1
414.1
149.2
838.0
498.9
126.7
109.5
112.8
819.9
343.3
5,082.3
117.8
486.6
115.0
415.6
149.9
836.4
502.0
126.8
109.1
111.0
817.4
339.6
8.8
342.1
8.3
35.8
12.0
28.1
9.0
42.3
33.9
9.3
10.4
5.8
59.6
27.6
349.0
8.3
35.4
12.7
27.6
8.3
40.8
35.3
9.3
10.5
6.0
59.2
28.2
350.1
8.4
35.6
12.8
27.6
8.3
41.1
35.8
9.2
10.6
6.0
59.2
27.9
Alaska
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Delaware
Wilmington
See footnotes at end of table.
60
4.1
4.2
(1)
(1)
.9
.4
(1)
1.0
.4
(1)
0
3.2
2.6
1.2
.8
.8
1.0
.2
1.2
.7
.1
.3
21.4
.3
14.1
0
1.7
(1)
1.7
(1)
.3
.3
.6
(1)
(1)
8.8
(1)
.4
(1)
(1)
.4
(1)
.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
.4
(1)
.9
(1)
.3
.9
(1)
.3
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.3
.4
.9
(1)
.4
.4
.5
.3
.4
.5
8.7
.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1.0
.4
(1)
41.4
1.4
13.5
.7
9.7
40.3
1.8
12.6
.6
9.4
0
.3
(1)
(1)
.6
(1)
.6
(1)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
June
1987
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
369.7
54.8
30.9
26.3
19.0
9.5
May
1988
373.8
56.7
31.8
26.0
19.2
9.9
June
1988P
377.9
56.8
32.0
26.5
19.4
9.9
June
1987
73.3
27.8
2.9
9.4
5.0
1.9
May
1988
72.8
28.1
3.0
9.4
5.0
1.9
June
1988P
73.2
28.2
2.9
9.3
5.0
1.9
June
1987
333.5
98.2
23.3
44.0
28.3
12.0
May
1988
337.0
100.3
23.9
44.0
28.5
12.3
June
1988P
339.4
100.8
24.0
44.2
29.1
12.3
15.4
13.9
16.6
19.3
17.6
18.7
43.4
41.2
43.0
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
187.0
135.3
31.3
188.8
138.2
30.3
189.3
138.4
30.2
71.9
48.9
9.5
73.4
50.4
9.6
73.3
50.3
9.5
337.8
230.1
54.6
346.2
233.8
57.0
344.3
232.4
56.9
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
219.6
11.7
26.4
32.3
6.3
225.3
12.3
27.3
33.2
6.4
228.5
12.3
27.8
33.7
6.5
50.7
4.4
3.8
16.5
2.5
51.2
5.1
4.1
16.9
2.4
51.7
5.2
4.1
16.9
2.4
191.0
10.9
15.9
55.6
7.0
194.7
11.6
15.8
56.4
6.9
196.5
11.5
16.0
56.7
7.0
2,103.5
248.6
11.1
20.9
906.5
22.7
103.6
29.1
80.9
40.8
122.5
79.1
259.1
22.5
18.3
22.4
12.1
2,134.7
253.9
11.1
23.1
910.2
23.3
104.3
30.1
84.7
42.5
123.4
79.9
262.9
22.5
18.6
23.2
12.1
2,145.5
256.1
11.1
23.3
911.6
24.6
106.0
30.7
85.5
43.1
123.2
79.9
265.6
22.5
18.7
23.3
12.4
582.6
34.8
8.1
10.9
205.8
4.3
56.3
10.7
31.1
24.6
33.6
77.0
21.4
5.2
6.3
8.6
4.6
579.9
34.5
8.1
11.2
209.0
4.3
56.1
9.9
31.8
25.9
34.4
76.1
21.7
5.0
6.2
8.4
4.5
583.4
34.6
8.1
11.3
208.8
4.4
56.8
10.1
31.9
26.1
34.6
76.4
21.6
5.0
6.1
8.5
4.6
2,748.6
270.0
37.6
53.2
912.6
26.5
200.3
50.7
151.5
132.8
203.9
209.3
149.4
35.1
32.2
33.2
29.7
2,857.9
278.2
38.3
53.4
927.1
28.4
202.0
52.7
160.3
138.4
217.5
211.8
153.5
35.8
34.0
33.6
31.3
2,884.0
280.1
38.3
52.9
928.9
28.6
204.1
53.4
160.6
139.4
218.6
213.3
154.5
36.0
34.3
33.9
32.0
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
184.7
28.2
95.3
185.1
28.2
95.3
186.8
28.5
95.9
83.2
2.3
59.9
82.3
2.3
59.7
82.3
2.3
59.9
351.1
23.0
199.5
349.6
22.8
199.0
352.7
23.0
200.7
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
388.2
59.0
92.0
46.8
24.0
25.0
377.4
57.2
92.8
46.0
23.9
23.5
378.1
55.3
93.2
46.3
24.2
23.9
73.1
8.7
18.0
18.3
5.3
3.2
73.2
9.5
18.3
18.5
5.4
3.2
74.1
9.6
18.3
18.6
5.5
3.3
370.8
45.3
101.1
57.7
30.8
17.2
380.8
46.7
103.1
59.0
31.1
17.3
385.4
47.1
103.9
59.7
31.4
17.5
Delaware
Wilmington
70.2
59.9
68.2
57.6
69.4
58.1
13.6
14.5
14.1
14.9
14.4
15.2
72.4
58.0
72.6
59.9
73.8
59.4
District of Columbia
Washington MSA
16.0
85.8
16.4
87.3
16.4
88.0
24.8
101.4
24.8
104.1
25.1
106.2
63.4
414.8
64.4
426.7
65.0
428.0
530.0
11.7
45.4
5.4
38.0
27.8
95.9
54.3
11.5
8.8
4.6
92.0
35.5
541.1
11.9
46.6
5.5
39.6
29.7
96.5
54.7
11.4
9.3
4.7
94.4
35.8
539.8
11.8
46.8
5.6
39.7
29.9
95.9
54.7
11.3
9.3
4.8
94.4
35.6
256.3
3.4
22.5
4.8
28.5
5.8
68.9
24.5
6.3
3.5
3.2
38.4
12.1
262.1
3.6
23.4
5.0
28.4
6.0
68.0
26.1
6.0
3.6
3.2
39.2
12.3
262.5
3.6
23.4
5.1
28.7
6.0
68.2
26.1
6.2
3.6
3.1
39.2
12.3
1,308.6
32.7
138.4
31.2
106.0
32.8
220.9
124.7
32.8
30.2
23.2
221.0
84.8
1,388.8
35.3
145.4
34.6
111.1
34.8
223.0
130.6
33.7
32.5
23.2
229.3
93.5
1,386.4
35.0
145.0
34.0
111.8
34.9
221.8
131.2
33.6
32.1
23.3
228.0
91.8
Alaska
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
See footnotes at end of table.
•61
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
71.3
29.3
3.6
8.2
7.6
2.0
70.2
29.2
3.7
7.9
7.7
2.1
70.9
29.6
3.8
7.8
7.7
2.1
276.6
93.9
28.0
36.8
25.9
8.0
282.3
95.7
29.6
37.1
26.2
8.3
283.0
96.5
30.0
37.2
25.4
8.1
294.5
57.9
29.2
27.6
32.1
17.5
304.9
61.9
29.8
28.9
31.6
19.6
309.8
63.8
29.9
28.9
31.8
18.3
Alaska
11.4
10.7
10.9
44.1
41.1
43.5
64.6
66.7
64.2
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
95.6
76.0
12.8
93.3
74.0
12.5
93.0
73.9
12.4
344.3
231.5
64.3
359.5
242.6
67.1
358.1
241.7
66.4
217.0
113.2
48.6
252.4
131.9
53.5
228.4
119.7
47.7
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
38.3
1.5
2.8
15.8
1.5
37.9
1.5
2.6
16.1
1.5
38.3
1.5
2.7
16.2
1.5
156.0
7.0
17.9
53.2
6.3
160.5
7.5
16.9
54.5
6.3
162.4
7.4
16.8
55.3
6.4
141.8
9.5
7.1
44.6
7.2
152.2
10.1
8.2
46.6
7.7
144.8
9.4
7.5
45.4
7.5
804.7
91.6
6.3
13.6
285.7
4.4
54.4
10.4
26.5
33.6
61.0
113.0
34.9
8.8
8.5
8.8
4.6
816.9
90.1
6.2
12.6
291.5
4.6
56.4
10.9
27.3
34.3
62.5
113.4
34.5
8.7
8.5
8.5
4.4
821.5
90.7
6.3
12.7
292.6
4.5
56.4
11.0
27.5
34.5
62.6
113.9
34.8
8.7
8.6
8.5
4.4
2,902.8
266.4
32.4
46.5
1,039.0
21.1
187.0
48.0
142.3
117.0
227.3
280.9
198.1
39.9
28.5
29.7
27.8
3,001.9
268.0
33.2
48.4
1,071.4
22.1
192.3
51.0
149.1
124.5
239.2
292.0
205.0
40.6
29.0
30.5
30.2
3,010.5
272.0
32.9
48.4
1,071.8
22.3
193.3
51.0
148.7
125.6
240.3
293.2
205.7
40.6
29.6
29.7
30.2
1,915.8
116.9
40.9
44.2
508.2
17.5
159.6
40.5
122.4
166.3
158.6
135.1
88.5
27.8
22.7
31.4
37.5
1,991.3
120.5
41.3
47.7
516.5
18.5
165.3
41.4
128.0
172.4
164.6
138.2
89.3
28.3
23.3
32.1
37.7
1,994.7
120.1
40.7
46.2
520.2
18.6
164.1
41.6
126.9
171.7
165.3
137.6
89.2
28.1
23.2
31.8
37.9
99.2
4.1
67.6
96.7
4.1
66.1
96.9
4.1
66.4
334.5
21.4
198.7
329.0
21.8
197.0
334.5
21.9
198.5
260.1
20.9
124.0
269.4
23.1
126.8
262.6
21.4
125.0
151.5
11.8
77.5
15.4
13.1
4.5
152.0
12.3
79.7
15.6
13.4
4.4
153.5
12.6
80.4
15.9
13.6
4.5
393.2
46.2
107.9
68.7
37.5
20.8
398.1
45.8
110.4
71.2
38.4
21.7
402.6
46.6
111.4
71.6
39.1
22.3
203.9
20.0
61.3
31.7
10.9
12.8
207.4
20.5
61.6
32.5
10.7
13.0
208.3
21.0
61.8
32.2
10.8
13.1
27.0
24.0
28.1
25.0
28.7
25.4
74.8
65.8
79.4
69.1
80.9
70.2
47.4
37.4
47.9
38.1
48.8
38.4
District of Columbia
Washington MSA
37.5
125.4
37.8
128.9
38.0
130.6
231.1
670.8
242.1
692.0
243.1
698.9
270.3
563.1
267.0
563.7
269.9
561.4
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
362.7
6.5
39.9
8.0
37.5
5.4
68.2
33.4
5.7
8.5
5.0
66.0
28.7
369.2
6.6
41.4
8.2
39.3
5.7
67.9
35.8
5.7
8.7
5.0
66.7
28.8
370.7
6.6
41.8
8.3
39.4
5.9
68.2
36.1
5.7
8.8
5.0
67.1
28.5
1,306.8
31.3
123.9
29.4
99.7
41.5
223.6
154.7
31.1
30.3
21.8
219.7
92.9
1,392.2
31.9
131.1
32.5
108.1
43.3
227.4
159.3
31.4
32.3
22.7
225.5
102.6
1,393.4
32.6
131.7
32.4
108.7
44.0
226.8
161.4
31.5
32.2
22.8
225.9
101.8
726.1
18.2
58.1
15.3
56.8
20.9
107.4
54.0
28.6
12.2
43.9
99.9
39.1
782.6
19.7
61.4
16.5
59.6
21.3
113.5
57.0
28.9
12.6
47.7
105.0
42.0
770.6
19.8
62.0
16.7
59.3
20.8
113.5
56.6
29.0
12.5
45.7
103.0
41.6
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington
See footnotes at end of table.
62
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Donstruction
State and area
June
1987
Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah
May
1988
June
1988P
2,779.8
62.0
1,377.0
156.9
92.8
118.3
103.5
2,792.8
63.3
1,385.0
158.0
92.7
118.8
101.7
2,800.9
63.4
1,391.1
157.8
92.7
118.5
102.3
June
1987
May
1988
8.4
.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1
June
1988?
8.4
.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1
June
1987
(1)
(1)
1
1
June
1988p
(1)
152.1
2.5
73.3
9.5
5.4
5.1
6.8
148.8
2.3
70.5
9.7
5.3
4.7
6.3
150.5
2.3
71.6
9.7
5.3
4.8
6.7
21.6
17.0
8.5
.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1
(1)
May
1988
20.5
16.2
20.8
16.6
Hawaii
Honolulu
459.6
367.4
467.9
373.2
469.0
374.4
()
(1)
Idaho
Boise City
337.3
87.5
343.2
89.2
346.6
89.8
3.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
14.2
4.5
13.5
4.3
14.9
4.3
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
4,912.3
135.4
54.7
82.9
3,038.1
156.6
50.4
96.4
187.5
132.9
124.0
98.3
5,006.9
140.3
56.3
86.8
3,083.7
155.8
50.0
97.3
194.6
136.0
126.3
98.4
5,036.0
142.8
56.0
83.3
3,109.6
156.6
50.7
96.4
197.8
137.7
128.2
98.9
24.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
2.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
24.3
(1)
(1)
(1)
2.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
24.3
(1)
(1)
(1)
2.5
194.8
6.6
1.8
2.5
122.4
4.7
2.0
5.2
9.0
5.3
4.7
3.1
208.4
6.8
1.7
2.3
127.3
4.6
1.8
5.2
9.5
5.4
4.4
3.2
215.4
7.2
1.8
2.5
129.8
4.8
1.9
5.2
9.9
5.4
4.7
3.2
Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute
2,317.4
48.5
48.4
99.2
126.9
186.3
222.2
606.2
61.0
48.7
110.1
52.2
2,402.8
48.6
53.3
103.7
128.5
195.5
228.7
630.0
63.4
53.0
115.5
53.9
2,404.3
48.6
51.4
104.6
129.6
196.3
229.4
630.2
63.1
50.7
113.8
53.3
103.8
1.4
2.2
2.9
7.7
9.6
12.0
31.2
2.6
2.1
5.2
2.0
111.0
1.4
2.4
2.9
7.3
10.8
12.7
33.1
3.1
2.1
5.7
2.3
116.7
1.5
2.5
3.0
7.3
11.4
13.6
34.0
3.5
2.2
6.0
2.4
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
1,115.4
86.5
206.9
41.7
50.3
59.7
1,149.2
90.2
216.5
44.1
52.6
63.5
1,148.0
91.3
218.9
42.8
53.3
62.4
2.4
.1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
O
(1)
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
38.6
3.3
7.8
1.4
2.0
2.0
35.7
2.8
7.8
1.4
1.7
2.0
37.6
3.0
8.1
1.4
1.9
2.3
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
1,002.9
86.7
228.4
1,023.4
89.2
231.1
1,025.1
90.0
233.1
11.3
(1)
2.3
11.7
(1)
2.4
11.3
(1)
2.4
47.1
3.7
10.4
42.7
3.5
9.7
44.9
3.6
10.2
Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro
1,313.7
174.9
438.0
32.8
1,358.9
180.2
456.0
34.4
1,362.1
181.6
459.3
33.8
38.9
.8
.6
.9
36.7
.6
.4
.8
36.3
.6
.4
.8
60.1
10.6
22.1
2.1
64.3
9.6
24.7
2.3
65.6
9.6
25.2
2.4
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
1,482.5
46.1
209.2
52.6
80.6
54.7
508.1
132.1
1,498.3
45.7
214.0
53.6
82.2
53.5
513.1
133.5
1,501.9
45.7
210.9
53.5
82.3
54.7
516.0
133.9
54.6
.2
.8
5.8
10.2
.3
14.6
3.4
54.8
.2
.8
6.2
10.3
.3
15.0
3.0
55.0
.2
.8
6.1
10.7
.4
14.9
3.0
81.2
2.5
19.1
1.5
3.1
3.0
21.9
6.8
82.6
2.4
21.2
1.6
2.9
2.7
22.2
7.6
82.7
2.4
21.3
1.7
2.9
2.7
22.7
7.7
511.3
39.6
124.1
520.6
40.6
126.0
534.7
41.3
128.7
.1
33.7
2.3
9.6
34.6
2.4
9.4
36.6
2.4
10.0
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
()
(1)
2.7
O
1
(1)
(1)
()
3.1
8.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
2.3
8.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
2.1
(2)
(2)
.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
O
0
O
8.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
2.1
(2)
(2)
.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
.3
.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
.3
2.5
.2
.3
2.4
.1
.1
(1)
(1)
0
.1
(1)
O
(1)
(1)
See footnotes at end of table.
63
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
571.7
15.1
188.8
35.5
20.1
18.3
17.2
569.8
15.2
187.8
36.6
20.1
18.1
16.7
569.8
15.3
187.1
36.4
20.1
18.2
16.6
175.4
1.8
115.3
5.3
3.8
4.9
9.5
176.5
1.8
118.8
5.1
3.5
4.9
8.8
177.3
1.8
119.5
5.2
3.6
4.8
8.8
695.9
12.8
379.7
34.4
20.5
26.9
25.4
693.2
13.0
377.4
33.4
20.0
26.9
25.0
694.5
13.0
378.0
33.6
20.0
26.9
25.0
Hawaii
Honolulu
22.1
16.7
21.8
16.4
22.2
16.6
37.1
30.4
36.7
30.3
36.8
30.4
123.7
96.7
124.7
97.9
125.8
98.6
Idaho
Boise City
55.3
10.9
56.4
12.3
58.1
12.5
17.8
5.2
18.0
5.1
18.2
5.2
86.3
22.9
84.8
22.9
86.2
23.0
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County ..,
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
930.5
36.1
5.1
7.9
552.5
34.0
13.5
19.3
41.8
30.7
41.1
4.0
945.5
37.4
5.6
8.1
551.4
32.8
13.1
19.9
44.3
33.9
43.8
3.9
948.9
38.1
6.1
8.1
555.1
32.9
13.4
19.9
44.4
34.2
44.6
3.9
295.5
2.9
2.6
2.4
193.4
8.3
4.9
8.4
6.8
6.8
4.3
4.8
300.0
3.0
2.6
2.3
192.4
8.3
4.8
8.2
7.2
6.6
4.4
4.9
302.9
3.2
2.6
2.3
194.0
8.3
4.8
8.2
7.3
6.7
4.3
4.9
1,225.6
33.3
12.7
19.2
760.7
42.3
11.1
22.8
50.5
33.1
29.0
22.0
1,253.9
39.1
12.8
19.1
780.4
42.5
11.3
22.8
52.3
32.8
28.8
22.0
1,261.2
39.8
12.8
19.1
787.4
42.3
11.4
22.8
53.3
33.0
28.9
22.0
Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute
619.4
17.1
8.7
54.0
30.5
51.0
55.6
107.6
12.0
10.8
24.1
10.5
630.8
16.7
9.2
56.6
30.5
51.7
56.5
105.8
12.2
10.7
23.8
10.0
635.9
16.6
9.5
57.3
30.9
52.2
56.8
105.9
12.3
10.7
23.9
10.1
120.7
1.5
1.7
2.9
6.6
12.1
15.1
37.2
2.0
2.3
4.9
2.8
129.0
1.6
1.8
2.9
6.7
12.5
15.0
38.6
2.0
2.5
5.1
2.8
130.2
1.6
1.8
2.9
6.7
12.7
15.0
39.0
2.0
2.5
5.1
3.0
555.2
11.4
11.2
18.5
33.0
46.4
53.1
157.0
12.9
12.8
29.5
14.6
569.4
11.5
12.0
18.9
34.2
49.1
54.4
164.2
13.0
13.1
30.5
15.1
574.4
11.6
11.9
19.2
34.4
49.4
55.0
165.6
12.9
13.1
30.9
15.1
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
215.5
22.2
23.7
12.5
9.0
13.5
224.1
23.6
26.1
13.0
10.5
14.9
226.9
23.8
26.3
13.0
10.6
15.0
53.6
5.5
12.1
1.7
3.2
1.7
54.4
6.4
12.6
1.8
3.2
1.7
54.8
6.6
12.7
1.8
3.2
1.8
284.4
21.0
53.8
9.7
13.1
14.6
291.0
21.9
56.7
9.7
13.9
15.2
292.2
22.0
57.8
9.9
14.0
15.3
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
176.5
9.1
59.8
179.6
9.2
59.6
181.4
9.3
60.3
62.0
6.7
10.8
61.2
6.5
10.7
61.7
6.5
10.8
252.7
19.6
53.3
256.9
20.7
53.6
259.3
20.9
54.3
Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro
261.0
27.9
86.6
5.9
270.4
30.1
87.8
5.9
272.7
30.3
88.1
5.9
68.0
7.6
27.6
2.2
68.2
7.8
29.7
2.1
68.5
8.0
30.0
2.2
314.7
41.8
108.6
8.3
328.9
43.8
114.2
8.5
330.7
44.0
116.1
8.5
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
164.2
3.5
18.6
4.5
6.0
7.0
42.3
18.0
168.1
3.4
18.6
4.2
5.9
7.2
43.8
17.1
168.2
3.5
18.7
4.5
6.2
7.1
43.8
17.3
104.3
2.2
10.3
5.5
5.7
3.0
43.0
8.4
104.0
2.2
10.4
6.1
5.6
2.6
43.6
8.0
104.2
2.2
10.5
6.1
5.6
2.6
43.9
8.0
363.7
11.2
50.7
13.7
22.0
14.5
135.0
32.4
361.8
11.1
51.2
13.8
22.6
13.9
133.8
32.2
363.1
11.1
51.2
13.7
22.6
14.1
134.2
32.5
Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland
104.1
10.3
15.4
105.8
10.6
16.5
108.6
10.5
16.4
21.0
1.5
6.0
20.9
1.4
6.0
21.5
1.5
6.0
128.3
9.7
36.6
130.9
9.8
35.9
135.2
10.1
37.4
Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah
See footnotes at end of table.
64
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
156.8
1.9
99.1
6.4
6.2
7.4
4.5
156.3
2.0
99.2
6.1
6.2
7.7
4.4
157.2
1.9
99.9
6.2
6.1
7.7
4.3
541.0
9.7
323.5
32.1
16.1
22.1
24.0
550.1
9.7
327.4
32.6
16.8
22.8
24.2
555.6
9.8
331.3
32.7
16.8
22.5
24.6
478.5
18.0
195.9
33.3
20.7
33.4
16.1
489.7
19.3
202.6
33.9
20.7
33.5
16.3
487.4
19.1
202.4
33.4
20.7
33.4
16.4
Hawaii
Honolulu
34.0
28.6
34.5
28.8
34.6
29.0
125.9
97.8
129.4
99.4
130.3
100.5
95.2
80.2
100.3
84.2
98.5
82.7
Idaho
Boise City
19.4
7.6
19.0
7.5
19.1
7.6
68.3
19.5
70.6
19.3
71.4
19.6
73.3
16.9
77.9
17.8
75.6
17.6
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ...,
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
362.2
6.5
9.4
3.4
259.6
8.0
2.7
3.8
6.9
7.0
5.3
8.1
363.6
6.6
9.6
3.3
262.1
8.2
2.7
3.8
6.7
7.0
5.2
8.0
366.2
6.7
9.6
3.4
265.7
8.2
2.7
3.8
6.8
7.0
5.3
8.1
1,161.4
29.9
12.0
16.3
784.6
31.4
10.6
20.4
42.8
34.5
27.4
24.1
1,182.7
31.7
11.8
16.2
804.3
31.7
10.6
20.1
43.7
33.9
27.0
23.7
1,199.4
.32.2
12.0
16.5
812.2
32.4
10.9
20.3
44.8
35.0
27.7
24.1
717.9
15.0
11.1
31.2
362.4
27.9
5.6
16.2
29.1
15.5
12.2
32.1
728.5
15.6
12.2
35.5
363.3
27.7
5.7
17.0
30.3
16.4
12.7
32.6
717.7
15.5
11.1
31.4
362.9
27.7
5.6
15.9
30.7
16.4
12.7
32.6
Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute
117.7
1.7
1.8
2.5
5.2
12.3
8.4
46.5
3.1
1.7
6.4
2.0
119.5
1.6
1.9
2.7
5.4
12.1
8.5
48.3
3.2
1.7
6.5
2.1
121.8
1.7
1.9
2.7
5.4
12.3
8.5
49.3
3.2
1.7
6.5
2.1
455.2
9.4
8.0
12.9
29.4
37.9
47.9
137.1
11.3
10.5
29.5
10.8
477.3
9.8
8.4
13.9
30.2
41.0
49.8
146.6
11.5
11.0
32.2
11.2
478.9
9.6
8.5
13.7
30.3
40.9
49.6
146.1
11.6
11.1
30.9
10.9
336.5
6.1
14.9
5.6
12.3
17.0
30.2
88.8
17.0
8.6
10.4
9.3
357.5
6.0
17.6
6.0
12.2
18.2
31.9
92.7
18.4
11.9
11.7
10.2
338.1
6.1
15.3
5.7
12.4
17.4
30.9
89.5
17.5
9.4
10.5
9.5
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
65.3
4.9
27.0
1.4
2.6
3.1
66.2
4.9
28.9
1.5
2.6
2.8
67.1
4.9
29.4
1.5
2.6
2.8
246.0
19.1
52.3
11.5
13.9
13.6
254.5
19.8
54.5
12.8
14.3
14.2
250.6
20.2
54.7
11.5
14.4
13.8
209.5
10.3
30.0
3.4
6.5
11.1
220.9
10.7
29.7
3.8
6.4
12.6
216.4
10.7
29.7
3.6
6.6
11.3
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
57.2
6.3
11.6
57.3
6.6
11.3
57.8
6.8
11.4
202.2
20.6
52.8
208.5
21.0
55.8
209.2
21.3
56.0
193.9
20.6
27.4
205.5
21.6
28.0
199.5
21.5
27.7
Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro
61.7
9.2
29.2
1.5
61.8
9.2
29.5
1.5
62.9
9.3
30.2
1.5
275.4
40.4
104.1
7.4
285.5
42.1
107.6
8.0
288.2
42.4
108.4
7.9
233.9
36.6
59.2
4.5
243.1
37.0
62.1
5.3
237.2
37.4
60.9
4.6
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
85.8
2.6
13.7
2.4
3.8
4.7
34.4
7.4
84.8
2.6
13.4
2.2
3.6
4.5
34.0
7.2
84.6
2.6
13.7
2.2
3.6
4.6
34.0
7.2
319.5
11.2
43.5
8.6
17.9
11.6
131.5
32.1
328.8
11.3
43.8
8.9
18.6
11.5
136.0
33.3
327.6
11.3
44.4
8.9
18.6
11.6
135.4
33.1
309.2
12.7
52.5
10.6
11.9
10.6
85.4
23.6
313.4
12.5
54.6
10.6
12.7
10.8
84.7
25.1
316.5
12.4
50.3
10.3
12.1
11.6
87.1
25.1
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
25.2
2.2
12.3
25.3
2.3
12.8
25.6
2.5
12.8
110.4
9.8
29.3
112.3
10.2
30.3
116.9
10.4
31.2
88.5
3.8
14.9
90.7
3.9
15.1
90.2
3.9
14.9
Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah
See footnotes at end of table.
65
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Constructior
Mining
State and area
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
2,050.7
1,098.6
458.2
721.7
2,039.2
1,091.2
459.3
724.6
2,043.8
1,095.8
459.3
721.2
Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester
3,091.2
1,727.8
72.9
56.2
40.6
164.7
106.4
67.5
239.8
200.8
3,124.4
1,752.0
74.0
55.9
40.8
166.0
107.9
68.7
244.2
206.6
3,154.4
1,756.3
75.1
56.4
41.1
167.5
108.1
69.7
244.9
207.7
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
3,732.3
159.2
57.2
63.3
1,875.9
174.0
312.1
101.7
204.0
56.4
152.4
3,766.0
169.5
57.9
64.9
1,872.6
168.3
322.9
105.0
208.5
57.0
156.8
3,778.7
167.4
58.2
64.9
1,882.2
169.0
323.6
105.2
205.7
57.0
158.7
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
1,982.0
89.8
1,291.6
57.7
67.9
2,026.5
90.0
1,320.7
58.1
73.1
2,043.0
90.4
1,326.5
59.3
71.8
860.5
175.7
888.0
181.9
884.3
182.0
6.1
.9
2,196.9
734.8
1,130.2
105.5
2,229.9
739.6
1,141.9
113.0
2,232.6
742.3
1,146.8
110.5
Montana
279.6
275.5
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
661.7
108.8
302.0
676.7
113.6
307.2
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
504.5
285.7
132.6
527.7
300.4
138.2
532.1
301.9
138.8
New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester, N H-ME
519.1
93.8
111.8
530.3
96.2
114.1
538.6
97.1
117.0
3,638.5
174.2
675.8
425.4
241.9
519.7
333.7
964.0
195.4
3,672.1
165.7
685.3
437.7
245.5
532.7
335.0
972.3
200.2
3,720.0
177.0
691.8
442.3
247.4
536.4
345.0
978.1
201.7
Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
See footnotes at end of table.
66
June
1987
June
1987
June
1988?
May
1988
May
1988
June
1988p
155.7
75.3
19.8
64.9
151.0
74.1
19.4
61.9
151.5
75.1
19.7
62.3
143.7
72.4
3.8
2.6
2.7
8.7
5.9
3.2
10.4
10.2
151.2
74.1
4.3
2.7
2.8
8.4
6.2
3.5
10.4
10.5
158.5
77.2
4.4
2.8
2.9
8.8
6.7
3.7
10.6
11.0
125.6
5.8
1.9
1.6
60.8
4.6
15.1
3.2
5.2
2.1
6.1
131.2
6.4
2.1
1.4
61.6
4.5
14.6
3.1
5.4
2.1
6.8
137.0
6.6
2.2
1.6
64.6
4.6
15.2
3.2
6.0
2.2
7.2
7.5
4.7
88.4
4.6
57.4
2.0
4.1
80.8
3.1
54.2
2.0
3.9
85.6
3.3
56.0
2.2
4.1
6.4
1.2
6.3
1.1
34.9
8.8
34.0
8.5
34.7
8.8
5.7
.5
3.5
.1
5.5
.5
3.5
.1
5.7
.5
3.5
.1
102.2
37.9
58.5
5.0
100.9
36.4
57.3
5.6
103.3
37.3
58.9
5.8
278.4
5.9
5.9
6.2
9.6
9.1
9.8
675.3
111.9
308.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
24.4
4.3
12.2
25.2
4.5
12.5
1.9
.3
1
()
1.9
.3
1.8
.3
1
1
()
()
.6
.6
.6
1.9
.9
1.9
1.0
2.0
1.1
V)
V)
0)
1
()
.2
(1)
0
(1)
(1)
.1
9
(1
0)
.1
.2
10.3
10.1
(1)
0
0
(1)
.8
1
0
(1)
10.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
.9
(1)
()
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
0
(1)
.1
.2
.9
1
()
(1)
(1)
.1
(1)
.2
.1
0
0
V)
(1)
7.1
4.6
6.8
4.2
1
(1)
(2)
(2)
0
()
(2)
(2)
(2)
.2
.2
25.5
4.3
12.8
8.0
.3
.9
10.1
.3
1.0
10.6
.3
1.1
30.9
19.2
7.1
33.0
20.1
7.8
34.1
20.7
8.2
.7
.1
.1
.7
.1
.1
.8
.1
.1
38.8
5.2
6.2
39.6
5.7
6.3
41.2
6.0
6.6
2.5
173.0
10.5
32.4
25.0
7.0
23.8
22.0
39.2
5.3
182.9
10.9
32.9
27.7
7.9
24.4
24.7
42.5
5.4
188.7
11.3
33.9
28.9
8.3
25.0
25.3
44.0
5.7
(1)
.2
V)
2.4
(1)
.1
.1
(1)
.6
2.5
0
0
(1)
.1
.1
.1
.1
(1)
.7
.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
.7
.7
.7
(1)
(1)
0
(1)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
207.6
131.6
44.4
34.7
204.1
130.0
44.1
35.7
206.6
131.0
44.4
35.8
94.2
53.8
28.1
26.9
92.3
53.2
27.9
26.7
92.6
53.5
27.8
27.2
523.7
270.2
98.5
191.1
522.8
269.6
98.8
194.2
525.5
270.6
98.5
193.6
Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester
602.6
283.2
11.6
17.0
11.9
51.2
36.3
19.6
51.0
46.3
583.6
275.3
11.5
15.6
11.5
50.0
36.2
18.9
51.5
45.9
586.2
277.0
11.6
15.7
11.5
49.9
36.1
18.9
51.5
46.4
131.8
76.6
5.1
2.0
1.6
7.0
3.8
2.9
9.7
8.8
130.8
76.1
5.0
1.9
1.6
6.7
3.4
3.0
9.9
8.4
132.9
76.7
5.1
2.0
1.7
6.7
3.4
3.2
10.1
8.6
730.8
387.9
22.0
14.1
10.1
36.6
22.3
16.4
56.5
47.8
730.7
386.5
22.9
15.2
10.3
37.9
22.9
16.9
57.4
48.4
744.3
388.6
23.4
15.4
10.2
38.4
22.7
17.2
58.1
48.9
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
974.7
39.8
15.2
21.4
473.6
59.1
96.1
29.9
36.1
17.6
43.8
935.7
39.0
15.4
21.0
445.1
49.0
97.9
30.2
32.9
17.5
42.9
944.0
39.1
15.5
21.1
447.3
48.8
99.2
30.4
33.7
17.3
43.6
151.6
4.1
1.9
2.3
84.6
4.7
11.2
3.2
6.0
2.4
6.9
153.0
4.4
1.8
2.3
87.7
4.5
11.3
3.4
5.7
2.4
7.0
155.1
4.5
1.8
2.5
88.5
4.5
11.3
3.4
5.7
2.4
7.1
862.2
28.4
11.4
13.3
441.0
44.9
80.6
23.1
41.3
12.6
36.3
875.9
30.2
11.9
13.8
449.3
46.7
83.4
23.8
43.2
12.7
36.9
885.7
30.5
12.0
14.0
453.2
47.3
84.0
24.0
43.6
12.9
37.6
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
378.7
7.6
254.1
10.7
12.0
383.6
7.7
259.9
10.8
12.3
391.1
7.9
262.0
11.4
12.6
100.1
5.9
69.2
1.7
3.4
101.7
6.1
71.2
1.7
3.5
101.0
6.0
70.5
1.7
3.6
494.7
22.4
316.6
11.7
21.2
502.5
22.0
321.1
11.4
22.3
509.6
22.3
323.5
11.5
22.5
Mississippi
Jackson
228.9
20.4
233.4
21.1
235.1
21.3
42.3
12.6
43.0
13.1
43.3
13.1
186.8
42.4
190.3
43.0
191.2
43.3
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
425.2
109.6
222.5
19.9
419.5
109.4
219.4
21.4
422.1
109.4
221.3
21.4
143.5
56.4
73.1
6.8
144.3
56.1
74.7
7.2
144.0
55.7
75.0
7.2
543.3
192.1
277.6
30.2
551.8
191.8
277.8
31.8
555.0
192.3
280.1
31.6
Montana
21.2
20.6
20.5
19.9
19.0
19.2
74.4
72.8
74.0
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
88.6
13.4
34.0
91.6
13.6
35.1
93.0
13.9
35.9
42.7
5.9
22.8
43.8
5.9
23.8
43.8
5.9
23.9
171.2
25.4
77.6
171.8
25.0
77.6
171.9
25.1
77.9
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
23.4
8.7
8.5
24.1
8.8
8.2
24.5
8.9
8.2
27.9
15.7
9.1
28.3
16.1
9.2
28.9
16.4
9.4
102.4
60.1
29.6
106.6
63.6
30.6
108.5
64.2
31.3
New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester, N H-M E
118.2
36.5
20.9
120.5
37.2
20.8
121.6
37.3
21.2
17.6
2.2
3.1
17.5
2.1
3.1
18.0
2.2
3.2
131.1
21.1
30.2
134.0
21.7
30.6
136.9
21.7
32.2
New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
683.0
8.2
162.0
72.1
50.8
114.0
30.6
183.3
31.2
669.1
8.3
161.3
71.5
48.2
115.8
30.3
178.2
30.9
673.9
8.3
162.1
71.9
49.1
116.5
30.0
178.9
31.2
239.4
6.3
28.9
18.4
31.2
43.0
16.4
81.8
6.6
243.8
6.1
28.7
19.2
30.4
44.4
16.6
80.9
6.7
245.2
6.2
28.7
19.2
30.6
44.7
16.8
80.6
6.8
872.3
41.3
192.7
114.5
58.9
124.9
92.6
197.1
31.5
873.6
36.4
194.7
118.3
61.Z
127.9
89.9
198.2
32.1
889.2
42.9
196.8
119.4
61.4
129.2
93.8
199.4
32.4
See footnotes at end of table.
67
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
126.0
75.8
44.1
41.6
126.9
74.2
43.9
42.7
128.2
75.4
44.7
43.0
548.8
288.2
139.0
212.8
544.0
286.8
140.1
210.4
550.1
288.8
139.2
212.7
392.7
203.4
84.3
149.0
396.3
203.0
85.0
152.4
387.4
201.1
84.9
146.0
Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester
220.9
152.1
3.2
3.1
1.8
6.5
4.4
2.6
16.3
14.0
227.8
155.4
3.2
3.2
1.9
6.5
4.3
2.7
16.8
14.9
231.3
157.8
3.2
3.2
1.9
6.7
4.3
2.7
16.9
15.3
852.6
548.8
15.1
10.4
7.9
33.9
20.1
12.9
56.8
49.1
888.7
573.0
15.4
10.7
8.4
35.1
20.8
13.3
59.8
52.6
889.0
566.6
15.7
10.8
8.6
35.8
20.8
13.5
59.0
52.1
406.9
205.9
12.1
7.0
4.6
20.8
13.4
9.9
38.9
24.5
409.7
210.6
11.7
6.6
4.3
21.4
14.0
10.4
38.3
25.7
410.2
211.3
11.7
6.5
4.3
21.2
14.0
10.5
38.6
25.2
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
182.1
4.7
3.6
2.6
106.9
5.9
13.8
4.6
11.5
1.4
6.1
185.1
4.6
3.2
2.7
108.3
5.9
14.0
5.0
12.2
1.3
6.2
187.8
4.7
3.3
2.7
109.7
5.9
14.0
4.9
12.3
1.4
6.3
823.1
32.5
11.7
13.8
468.0
30.6
64.5
23.2
37.1
11.6
32.7
838.3
34.7
11.9
14.9
471.3
31.4
69.3
23.5
39.5
11.8
34.4
842.1
34.9
11.9
14.4
474.8
32.0
68.2
23.7
39.7
12.0
34.6
602.7
43.7
11.4
8.1
240.3
24.3
30.4
14.4
66.6
8.6
20.4
636.8
49.9
11.6
8.7
248.4
26.2
32.2
16.1
69.3
9.2
22.4
616.4
47.0
11.5
8.5
243.2
25.8
31.3
15.7
64.3
8.9
22.2
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
120.7
3.1
93.9
1.6
2.3
123.6
3.2
96.4
1.6
2.4
124.8
3.3
96.8
1.7
2.4
476.7
20.8
324.8
24.0
13.8
495.3
21.1
334.4
24.5
15.0
497.5
21.5
337.2
24.7
14.3
315.9
21.2
175.0
6.0
11.2
331.8
22.2
182.9
6.1
13.8
325.9
21.5
179.8
6.1
12.3
38.8
14.4
39.1
14.4
39.4
14.5
138.7
38.2
142.7
40.3
144.8
39.9
183.9
38.0
199.0
40.4
189.4
39.9
136.4
58.6
75.0
4.9
136.0
58.4
74.0
4.8
137.2
58.6
74.5
4.8
508.5
169.9
282.9
26.3
516.2
173.1
291.7
28.1
518.7
174.2
293.0
27.4
332.1
109.8
137.1
12.3
355.7
113.9
143.5
14.0
346.6
114.3
140.5
12.2
Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
Montana
13.4
12.5
12.6
65.2
65.3
65.9
70.0
70.3
70.2
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
48.5
8.1
29.3
48.0
8.7
28.6
48.3
8.8
28.8
149.6
22.9
80.8
151.4
23.8
83.4
150.6
23.5
83.7
133.8
28.8
44.5
143.9
32.3
46.3
140.7
30.2
45.8
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
23.7
14.3
7.0
24.8
15.2
7.0
25.1
15.4
7.1
224.9
135.5
55.0
232.7
141.7
57.0
235.2
143.4
56.9
63.3
31.9
15.4
68.1
34.6
17.4
65.2
32.6
16.6
New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester,NH-ME
32.0
4.0
6.6
33.8
4.1
6.7
34.3
4.2
6.8
115.1
18.0
20.7
117.3
18.1
21.7
121.4
18.8
22.8
65.6
6.7
24.0
66.9
7.2
24.8
64.4
6.8
24.1
229.3
7.3
38.5
24.7
12.6
36.0
18.1
77.7
9.4
234.4
7.2
39.8
25.8
13.2
36.3
18.3
79.3
9.6
238.5
7.5
40.5
26.5
13.3
36.7
18.7
80.4
9.6
891.7
75.7
152.7
99.9
41.4
106.0
92.0
249.2
56.2
908.7
72.0
158.8
102.6
43.0
110.9
93.3
256.1
59.0
923.5
75.6
160.1
103.6
43.1
112.1
96.8
258.7
59.0
547.4
24.8
68.5
70.7
40.0
71.4
61.8
135.0
55.2
557.1
24.7
69.0
72.5
41.6
72.3
61.7
136.4
56.5
558.5
25.1
69.6
72.7
41.6
71.5
63.4
135.4
57.0
New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Jonstruction
State and area
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
June
1987
530.8
231.8
39.1
54.8
540.0
236.4
41.3
55.2
542.5
237.0
39.7
57.0
14.9
.2
.1
.1
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
8,124.9
406.6
121.6
439.8
38.9
1,149.6
4,132.9
3,602.7
81.4
102.5
116.5
463.7
98.8
300.1
121.8
412.9
8,215.2
413.8
123.1
447.1
40.7
1,154.8
4,152.3
3,618.4
82.9
105.7
121.2
473.2
99.6
306.0
125.2
415.1
8,272.0
415.3
124.0
449.1
40.7
1,168.7
4,169.7
3,631.1
83.0
106.5
121.7
473.4
100.2
307.1
126.6
419.0
6.3
.4
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
2,872.4
78.8
578.5
466.4
380.9
2,941.5
78.7
601.6
471.0
388.0
2,962.1
81.0
603.4
472.6
391.0
255.4
37.2
70.5
29.3
257.4
37.2
74.2
30.8
258.5
37.5
73.0
29.7
Ohio
Akron
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
4,611.6
262.1
680.2
899.0
660.2
428.7
278.5
190.8
4,704.6
273.1
698.7
910.1
680.8
437.3
290.1
196.1
4,726.6
269.7
702.2
917.6
685.5
440.0
288.8
197.5
21.1
.5
.4
1.0
1.0
.4
.3
.7
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,114.3
22.2
34.0
404.2
290.8
1,103.3
21.9
33.9
400.2
288.8
1,108.2
21.9
33.8
398.8
290.6
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
1,109.2
106.6
557.4
96.6
1,134.3
108.4
573.5
97.0
1,148.3
110.0
579.0
99.2
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
4,944.9
273.0
51.7
51.5
110.4
296.2
78.5
179.7
2,151.7
770.7
864.5
5,038.1
277.8
52.1
51.9
112.5
302.0
80.1
186.3
2,179.7
776.4
867.3
5,068.6
279.1
52.7
52.4
112.4
303.6
80.7
186.2
2,189.4
775.0
879.3
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
June
1987
June
1988?
May
1988
May
1988
June
1988?
15.5
.2
.1
.1
6.2
.4
32.9
16.3
2.2
2.7
30.5
15.4
2.2
2.5
31.2
15.7
2.3
2.6
6.3
.4
15.3
.2
.1
.1
346.2
20.2
5.1
17.7
1.6
63.3
158.9
124.1
3.4
6.4
6.6
19.7
5.6
17.2
4.2
27.3
359.5
21.2
5.4
18.8
1.8
65.4
161.4
126.1
3.3
6.6
6.8
20.0
5.6
18.0
4.6
27.8
.3
.2
.3
.2
.2
.3
.3
.2
3
343.3
20.3
5.4
17.8
1.6
62.0
155.9
121.1
3.3
5.7
6.8
18.9
5.5
15.5
4.3
27.7
4.9
.1
.4
.3
.4
4.9
.1
.4
.3
.4
5.0
.1
.4
.3
.4
162.8
4.3
34.7
24.8
22.0
168.7
4.5
38.2
25.2
22.3
171.5
4.5
39.2
25.7
22.6
4.4
.2
12.6
1.8
4.0
1.9
10.2
1.6
3.7
1.5
11.3
1.7
4.1
1.7
19.9
.5
.6
.9
1.0
.4
.3
.6
20.3
.6
.6
.9
1.0
.4
.3
.6
184.4
9.4
30.2
29.8
28.0
17.0
10.7
8.0
191.0
9.5
32.3
29.4
29.3
17.9
12.1
8.3
200.4
9.9
33.4
30.8
30.5
18.8
12.7
8.9
45.3
1.1
.2
11.1
15.4
43.1
1.0
.2
11.0
14.7
43.2
.9
.2
11.0
15.0
35.1
.7
1.3
13.0
10.6
32.4
.7
1.2
12.5
9.7
33.4
.7
1.2
12.9
9.9
1.5
.2
.5
.1
1.3
.1
.5
.1
1.4
.2
.5
.1
36.0
3.3
19.9
3.3
37.5
3.2
20.0
3.3
38.6
3.4
21.0
3.5
31.1
.6
29.8
.6
()
(2)
.3
.3
3.7
.4
1.1
2
()
5.4
30.0
.6
229.7
13.4
2.8
3.8
3.5
12.6
3.0
10.8
105.1
18.1
46.6
236.0
14.3
2.6
4.4
3.5
13.2
2.8
11.4
111.1
17.2
41.3
246.4
14.9
2.7
4.5
3.6
13.5
3.1
11.8
115.5
17.8
44.3
O
1
()
.4
1
()
.4
()
.2
1.3
.7
.8
0
(1)
(V
4.0
.2
(2)
4.3
.2
1
1
()
()
(1)
()
(1)
O
(2)
(2)
2
.3
.3
3.7
.4
1.1
(2)
5.5
.6
.6
(2)
1
.2
1.3
.7
.2
1.2
.7
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
.4
(1)
1
()
0
(1)
(2)
1
(2)
(2)
.3
.3
3.7
.4
1.1
(2)
5.5
See footnotes at end of table.
69
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988p
38.4
20.0
4.0
1.7
39.8
20.4
3.9
1.7
40.4
20.4
3.9
1.8
28.1
12.1
1.3
1.2
28.9
12.4
1.3
1.3
28.7
12.3
1.1
1.3
129.4
59.9
8.0
10.7
130.9
61.4
8.8
11.0
133.0
62.3
8.7
11.4
1,224.3
49.6
38.0
77.6
7.9
177.7
460.8
380.8
24.3
14.8
30.0
132.3
15.1
53.2
24.2
63.1
1,218.9
47.9
38.2
77.1
8.7
173.9
458.8
376.2
23.9
15.0
29.9
132.8
14.5
52.1
24.4
66.2
1,224.5
48.1
38.6
77.1
8.5
174.0
461.2
377.6
23.8
15.0
30.4
133.7
14.7
53.0
24.7
67.0
409.1
16.7
4.5
22.0
1.4
49.0
241.4
215.6
3.8
6.0
3.3
14.6
4.1
18.2
4.4
21.1
407.4
16.7
4.6
21.7
1.4
49.9
240.2
214.2
3.9
6.0
3.3
14.6
4.1
18.1
4.6
21.2
411.2
16.7
4.6
22.0
1.5
50.2
241.1
215.1
4.0
6.0
3.4
14.8
4.1
18.2
4.6
21.3
1,715.7
85.4
26.3
109.7
10.6
310.4
765.7
640.2
18.9
27.2
21.9
100.6
23.3
71.2
27.0
97.8
1,709.8
88.3
27.1
111.9
10.8
308.3
761.0
636.0
19.5
28.6
24.7
101.3
23.6
73.0
27.4
97.0
1,728.1
88.4
27.1
112.0
10.8
314.1
765.1
639.2
19.8
28.7
24.9
102.1
23.8
73.1
28.0
97.6
857.4
19.1
153.8
153.7
58.0
859.7
18.9
155.3
151.0
57.4
864.0
19.4
155.5
151.7
58.4
141.7
3.7
48.7
27.3
17.2
147.2
3.7
49.8
27.8
16.6
148.5
3.8
50.2
27.7
16.6
640.8
18.4
138.1
104.0
81.1
663.7
18.9
144.9
105.3
83.3
668.0
19.0
145.3
105.7
83.5
15.8
2.0
5.0
1.7
15.8
2.0
4.9
1.8
16.0
2.0
5.0
1.8
16.2
2.6
4.4
1.5
16.7
2.7
4.8
1.5
16.8
2.7
4.9
1.5
68.5
9.9
21.1
8.2
69.0
9.8
21.7
8.5
69.4
9.9
21.7
8.3
1,097.6
66.3
144.7
201.1
103.2
104.2
62.0
49.2
1,099.7
66.8
143.2
202.2
102.3
103.2
62.2
50.3
1,104.9
67.2
143.2
203.3
103.0
103.4
63.1
50.6
208.5
12.9
35.5
41.4
27.8
15.6
13.9
7.7
209.3
12.8
36.4
40.8
28.4
15.6
13.8
7.7
210.6
12.9
36.6
41.1
28.5
15.7
13.8
7.7
1,101.9
65.6
170.0
216.0
166.1
97.2
69.0
48.7
1,126.2
66.3
174.7
220.2
173.5
100.1
72.1
50.6
1,134.5
67.0
175.9
222.1
174.0
100.9
72.7
51.1
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
154.4
1.6
3.5
47.2
46.8
156.0
1.6
3.4
47.1
47.9
157.9
1.6
3.5
47.4
48.3
63.4
2.3
1.5
20.1
23.3
61.3
2.2
1.2
19.0
24.0
61.6
2.2
1.2
19.2
24.1
271.0
6.5
8.4
101.0
70.6
264.8
6.4
8.6
99.7
69.7
267.5
6.5
8.6
99.4
69.7
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
208.2
19.8
93.8
14.5
208.0
19.9
97.9
12.7
211.1
20.3
98.5
14.4
58.4
4.2
34.4
2.9
58.9
4.3
35.1
2.9
59.7
4.4
35.4
3.0
277.6
26.9
145.2
21.7
287.7
27.0
149.7
22.0
292.7
27.1
151.9
22.3
1,050.7
77.0
11.4
10.0
34.5
52.2
13.3
60.7
376.2
96.1
125.3
1,049.5
76.2
11.5
9.6
34.5
52.0
13.5
59.7
371.5
94.4
125.1
1,059.4
76.6
11.4
9.6
34.7
52.6
13.3
60.3
373.9
94.7
126.9
248.5
14.2
4.5
5.2
4.0
18.2
4.9
7.1
99.5
45.1
45.9
247.8
13.9
4.6
5.2
3.7
18.3
5.2
7.1
97.5
45.1
44.2
246.7
13.9
4.6
5.1
3.7
18.4
4.9
7.2
97.7
45.1
44.4
1,126.6
59.7
12.8
11.3
23.6
66.8
16.6
43.0
495.3
148.3
216.8
1,142.3
61.1
13.2
10.9
23.7
68.0
16.7
44.9
502.1
151.4
215.4
1,149.3
61.5
13.3
11.2
24.0
68.2
17.0
45.3
502.8
151.7
219.3
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point ..
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
,
Philadelphia PMSA ..^
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.
70
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988^
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988^
27.4
15.0
1.7
2.0
27.6
15.1
1.7
2.0
27.8
15.1
1.7
2.0
124.5
63.9
6.2
14.8
125.6
65.1
6.6
14.5
127.9
65.2
6.6
15.5
135.2
44.4
15.6
21.6
141.4
46.4
16.7
22.1
138.0
45.8
15.3
22.3
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy.
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
795.9
22.9
4.1
25.9
1.4
75.8
585.1
551.4
1.9
4.1
4.7
2211
5.1
19.4
6.7
27.8
795.2
23.1
4.1
27.6
1.4
77.7
576.6
542.0
1.9
4.0
4.8
22.0
5.4
19.4
7.0
28.4
803.0
23.4
4.1
27.8
1.4
78.8
579.8
544.9
1.9
4.1
4.9
22.2
5.5
19.6
7.1
28.6
2,210.5
100.9
22.3
112.3
9.5
290.7
1,255.0
1,108.0
16.1
22.3
25.4
109.4
24.4
70.5
26.1
117.4
2,285.4
103.9
22.5
115.5
10.2
296.1
1,282.7
1,136.3
17.2
22.6
26.6
115.7
24.7
74.1
27.4
116.4
2,294.3
104.3
22.9
115.8
10.3
299.8
1,288.2
1,139.9
17.0
22.8
26.1
113.7
25.0
72.6
27.2
117.9
1,419.6
110.3
20.9
74.3
6.5
183.7
667.8
584.9
13.0
22.5
24.5
65.0
21.3
51.8
28.8
57.7
1,446.0
113.3
21.5
75.2
6.5
185.4
672.7
589.0
12.9
22.9
25.3
66.5
21.7
51.9
30.0
58.2
1,445.1
112.9
21.2
75.3
6.5
186.2
671.6
587.7
13.0
23.1
25.2
66.3
21.5
52.3
30.2
58.5
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham
128.5
2.8
36.6
22.9
23.1
131.2
2.5
36.9
23.4
23.5
133.6
2.5
37.1
23.8
23.8
488.2
18.8
104.5
81.5
93.5
510.2
18.1
111.7
83.9
98.2
515.5
19.6
112.7
84.4
99.0
448.1
11.6
61.6
51.9
85.6
455.9
12.0
64.4
54.1
86.3
456.0
12.1
63.0
53.3
86.7
12.7
1.7
4.5
1.2
12.3
1.6
4.6
1.2
12.5
1.6
4.6
1.2
61.0
10.3
18.3
6.7
63.2
10.7
19.9
6.9
63.6
10.7
19.1
6.9
64.6
8.7
13.2
8.1
65.9
8.6
14.6
9.4
64.5
8.7
13.6
8.3
244.7
10.5
40.6
54.7
57.1
18.2
11.4
8.3
250.1
10.8
41.8
56.0
58.8
18.2
11.2
8.4
252.2
10.9
42.3
56.6
59.3
18.4
11.3
8.5
1,065.9
58.9
172.1
236.3
155.2
104.3
71.4
44.5
1,098.0
61.3
179.9
242.9
164.0
107.4
74.4
45.3
1,108.8
62.4
182.4
244.9
165.0
108.5
74.9
45.9
687.5
38.0
86.8
118.5
122.0
71.8
39.7
23.9
710.5
45.0
89.9
117.7
123.6
74.5
44.0
24.9
695.0
38.8
88.0
117.9
124.2
73.8
40.1
24.3
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa
60.2
1.0
1.6
25.2
17.6
56.7
1.0
1.5
23.8
17.1
57.2
1.0
1.5
24.0
17.3
235.4
5.5
5.8
90.2
70.2
236.3
5.4
5.8
90.1
69.7
241.2
5.5
5.9
90.3
70.9
249.5
3.5
11.7
96.4
36.3
252.7
3.6
12.0
97.0
36.0
246.2
3.5
11.7
94.6
35.4
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield .
Portland
Salem
72.5
4.9
47.6
5.5
73.4
4.9
48.3
5.7
74.2
4.9
48.7
5.7
242.9
24.1
136.7
18.8
251.7
25.1
141.4
20.0
253.7
25.6
142.0
20.0
212.1
23.2
79.3
29.8
215.8
23.9
80.6
30.3
216.9
24.1
81.0
30.2
295.3
11.5
1.7
1.8
5.4
17.3
4.8
6.7
165.2
73.4
54.6
295.9
11.8
1.8
1.8
5.4
17.7
4.8
7.1
163.3
73.1
53.7
299.4
11.8
1.8
1.8
5.4
18.0
4.8
7.2
165.6
73.7
54.1
1,280.3
66.5
11.2
11.3
26.1
63.4
19.4
36.2
608.9
247.2
264.7
1,334.4
69.4
11.0
11.8
27.5
64.9
20.5
39.2
629.1
251.9
276.0
1,341.3
69.8
11.3
11.9
27.8
66.0
20.4
38.3
627.6
248.7
277.1
682.7
30.1
7.3
8.1
13.0
65.4
12.8
14.8
300.4
142.5
105.1
702.4
30.5
7.4
8.2
13.9
67.6
12.9
16.5
304.0
143.3
106.2
696.1
30.0
7.6
8.3
12.9
66.6
13.5
15.7
305.2
143.3
107.7
New Mexico ...
Albuquerque..
Las Cruces....
Santa Fe
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield ....
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren.
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.
71
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining
Total
Construction
State and area
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
(2)
(2)
(2)
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York
147.1
291.0
50.3
168.4
153.1
296.2
52.7
176.8
153.9
297.5
53.2
176.8
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
455.7
134.4
319.2
459.6
134.5
325.0
460.3
135.0
325.4
1,406.2
189.6
227.6
310.6
1,448.7
193.7
234.7
316.0
1,452.4
194.5
234.6
317.1
261.3
35.9
65.3
262.6
35.9
66.4
266.0
37.4
67.5
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
2,020.4
185.4
158.6
252.7
424.0
469.5
2,063.9
192.9
164.6
249.8
432.3
461.3
2,067.7
193.4
162.7
251.8
435.9
461.1
6.8
.8
.3
1.9
.1
.7
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
6,483.8
47.7
77.2
349.1
127.8
56.6
65.8
45.3
123.1
1,332.5
185.9
512.6
72.0
1,387.6
69.9
35.3
64.0
89.7
87.0
42.7
42.1
36.0
500.6
37.2
45.4
61.7
26.9
76.2
50.2
6,587.3
49.5
78.7
352.0
129.4
58.2
67.2
48.0
125.2
1,332.5
189.2
516.5
71.0
1,406.5
70.7
36.8
65.7
92.8
90.0
44.7
43.4
36.3
510.8
38.2
45.0
61.7
27.7
78.5
50.7
6,592.3
49.3
78.9
343.6
129.2
58.4
67.8
45.7
124.6
1,333.2
189.3
517.1
72.1
1,415.6
71.3
36.4
66.1
91.9
89.5
44.9
43.5
36.5
508.4
38.2
45.1
61.8
27.6
77.3
50.9
180.2
2.0
1.4
.8
1.5
1.8
.1
.6
4.3
18.8
.1
3.7
.6
61.5
.1
1.9
3.5
.4
.9
9.3
5.9
.4
2.6
.1
.1
1.9
1.4
.1
1.9
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
642.2
72.8
448.0
649.8
77.2
453.9
653.2
78.3
456.3
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
246.0
33.7
74.0
248.0
34.4
78.0
249.2
35.3
78.3
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
See footnotes at end of table.
72
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
.4
.5
.5
6.8
12.8
2.0
9.8
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
20.4
5.1
15.1
20.2
5.0
15.0
20.9
5.2
15.5
1.7
88.5
13.6
14.0
22.1
90.3
13.6
14.4
22.4
91.8
14.0
14.7
22.9
2.6
.3
11.2
2.4
3.1
10.6
2.3
3.2
11.6
2.4
3.5
6.6
.8
.3
1.9
.1
.6
6.6
.8
.3
1.9
.1
.6
98.2
8.2
6.6
11.8
20.1
29.6
100.7
9.4
6.7
10.5
20.1
26.3
101.4
9.6
6.8
10.8
20.2
27.2
180.7
2.1
1.2
.7
1.5
1.8
.1
.6
3.9
18.2
.1
3.6
.6
63.3
.1
1.9
3.6
.4
.9
9.8
6.0
.4
2.6
.1
.1
2.0
1.4
.1
2.0
181.7
2.1
1.2
.7
1.5
1.7
.1
.6
3.9
18.3
.1
3.6
.6
64.2
.1
1.9
3.7
.4
.9
9.8
6.1
.4
2.6
.1
.1
2.0
1.5
.1
1.9
344.7
2.1
3.5
16.9
7.1
5.6
2.3
1.8
6.5
64.1
9.7
25.1
3.7
83.2
3.5
1.4
2.9
3.4
3.9
1.2
2.0
1.6
29.3
1.7
1.9
2.2
1.9
3.5
1.8
322.7
2.0
3.8
15.1
7.9
6.2
2.2
2.2
6.3
51.6
9.2
19.7
2.9
83.3
3.5
1.3
3.4
3.3
4.1
1.2
2.1
1.6
26.7
1.7
1.9
2.3
1.8
3.7
2.1
327.0
2.2
4.0
15.5
8.0
6.4
2.2
2.3
6.2
51.6
9.4
19.5
2.9
84.6
3.6
1.3
3.4
3.6
4.1
1.2
2.1
1.6
26.8
1.7
1.8
2.3
1.8
3.7
2.1
7.9
28.2
2.8
19.3
23.7
2.7
17.1
24.7
2.8
17.7
17.8
2.3
4.7
17.3
2.4
5.1
18.5
2.6
5.3
0.7
0.6
2
2
()
()
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
O
0
0
2.7
.3
1
2.6
.3
1
0
()
8.1
(1)
()
8.1
(1)
(1)
2.6
2.5
2.8
.7
.2
.6
.2
O
()
1.6
1.7
(1)
(1)
0.6
2
1
()
.8
.2
1
()
7.1
12.7
2.0
11.0
7.5
13.5
2.0
11.4
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
June
1987
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York
May
1988
June
1988P
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
47.2
72.3
16.5
57.4
48.4
71.2
16.6
60.5
49.0
71.3
16.8
60.7
6.6
15.4
1.9
7.4
7.1
15.8
1.9
8.0
7.1
16.0
1.9
8.0
32.8
66.1
11.5
41.3
33.6
67.7
12.3
42.2
33.8
67.5
12.4
42.0
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
117.1
54.2
74.2
115.4
53.4
72.0
115.9
53.5
72.3
16.3
3.5
12.2
16.0
3.6
12.4
16.4
3.6
12.7
104.6
32.7
70.0
104.7
33.1
71.1
106.6
33.6
72.5
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
376.1
19.7
29.2
100.7
377.8
20.3
29.8
101.5
379.5
20.6
30.1
101.7
58.9
10.1
10.3
11.2
60.6
10.1
10.3
11.7
61.0
10.1
10.6
11.8
316.4
47.4
50.1
71.2
330.1
47.2
51.6
72.9
334.0
47.4
51.6
73.1
27.9
3.2
7.5
30.2
3.1
8.5
30.3
3.1
8.7
12.1
1.7
4.6
12.5
1.9
4.6
12.5
1.9
4.7
68.8
10.5
17.6
68.7
10.3
17.8
69.4
10.9
17.8
497.3
44.1
53.3
50.9
52.6
90.7
498.9
46.4
54.1
49.8
53.6
86.6
502.0
46.7
54.8
50.4
53.9
86.7
104.1
8.7
6.0
9.7
38.9
23.0
106.4
8.3
6.1
10.1
40.1
24.3
108.1
8.4
6.2
10.2
40.2
24.6
478.3
43.6
35.6
64.3
117.1
115.5
485.3
44.9
35.7
64.0
120.6
111.3
486.3
45.0
36.1
64.7
120.8
110.5
922.9
4.5
9.9
39.4
25.1
15.4
9.9
3.0
11.3
222.5
36.1
110.3
8.6
144.7
8.2
1.8
15.7
7.2
12.1
2.9
3.7
5.5
46.9
11.1
7.3
10.7
2.9
14.8
8.5
944.2
4.7
10.0
39.2
25.5
15.7
10.4
3.1
11.1
221.9
37.7
117.6
8.5
150.3
8.1
1.6
15.9
7.4
11.6
2.8
3.8
5.6
47.1
11.3
7.0
10.5
3.1
14.9
8.1
949.8
4.7
10.0
39.3
25.6
15.7
10.5
3.2
11.1
222.8
37.7
119.0
8.6
151.1
8.5
1.7
16.2
7.5
12.2
2.8
3.8
5.5
47.2
11.3
7.2
10.5
3.1
14.9
8.1
383.8
2.5
5.7
10.7
9.8
2.3
3.1
1.6
6.9
89.4
10.2
30.0
5.3
98.1
2.7
4.4
3.2
4.8
2.8
2.1
2.0
3.1
18.2
2.0
1.8
2.9
1.5
3.3
2.6
387.0
2.4
5.9
10.8
9.5
2.3
3.1
1.7
6.9
91.6
10.7
31.1
4.5
99.0
2.7
4.9
3.1
5.0
2.7
2.2
2.1
3.1
18.1
2.0
1.7
2.7
1.5
3.3
2.6
389.8
2.4
5.9
10.7
9.6
2.3
3.1
1.6
6.9
92.2
10.8
31.0
4.5
99.4
2.8
5.0
3.2
5.0
2.7
2.2
2.1
3.1
18.3
2.0
1.8
2.7
1.5
3.3
2.6
1,641.2
13.3
22.2
79.4
31.7
11.0
17.4
9.6
31.8
345.6
46.5
138.6
14.7
350.3
16.0
10.1
16.5
26.6
26.6
10.0
12.4
9.4
130.4
8.3
10.6
16.6
7.6
18.9
12.2
1,654.2
13.7
22.7
77.5
31.4
11.0
17.4
9.6
32.4
348.5
47.1
133.8
14.7
354.7
16.4
10.6
16.8
27.7
26.9
10.2
12.6
9.3
132.5
8.3
10.6
16.5
7.8
19.1
12.2
1,669.0
13.8
23.5
77.4
31.4
11.0
17.6
9.5
32.6
350.2
47.4
133.8
15.3
358.4
16.6
10.7
16.9
27.8
26.7
10.4
12.8
9.4
133.3
8.4
10.7
16.8
7.7
19.2
12.2
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
91.8
10.2
61.8
95.9
12.8
62.9
96.7
12.9
63.4
37.6
2.7
28.8
38.5
3.0
29.6
38.7
3.0
29.7
152.9
15.7
111.5
151.6
16.4
111.7
153.0
16.6
112.5
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
49.4
4.6
16.5
49.3
4.6
16.7
50.2
4.7
17.2
10.2
.9
3.0
10.6
.9
3.0
10.8
.9
3.0
56.7
7.1
17.3
58.0
7.3
18.1
58.2
7.5
18.1
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol.....
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana ..,
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
See footnotes at end of table.
73
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Government
Services
State and area
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988p
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York
7.5
12.9
2.3
4.7
8.1
12.9
2.4
5.2
8.2
13.1
2.4
5.3
29.9
70.3
9.6
29.7
31.2
73.7
10.4
31.0
31.6
74.6
10.8
30.9
16.3
40.5
6.5
17.7
17.6
41.6
7.1
18.4
16.7
40.9
6.9
18.0
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
25.7
3.7
21.5
26.0
3.6
21.7
26.2
3.7
21.8
112.9
24.8
82.2
117.8
25.4
87.6
115.4
25.0
85.7
58.6
10.3
43.9
59.4
10.3
45.1
58.8
10.3
44.8
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
65.7
8.7
18.3
11.9
66.3
8.8
18.9
12.0
67.7
9.1
19.3
12.1
246.3
40.1
43.7
53.1
258.2
40.5
44.6
55.6
260.4
40.6
44.6
55.9
252.6
49.9
61.6
40.1
263.8
53.1
64.7
39.6
256.3
52.6
63.3
39.3
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
14.6
1.8
6.2
14.4
1.7
6.3
14.7
1.7
6.5
62.7
9.2
17.9
63.0
9.3
18.5
63.8
10.0
18.6
61.4
6.8
8.3
60.8
7.0
7.4
61.1
7.0
7.8
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
103.0
12.1
5.3
9.7
24.4
33.3
102.5
11.6
5.5
9.7
24.9
33.3
103.4
11.6
5.5
9.6
25.1
33.4
413.9
36.9
27.9
53.0
98.9
115.2
424.1
37.3
31.5
51.7
99.8
111.0
424.7
37.4
29.5
52.1
101.8
111.6
318.7
31.0
23.6
51.3
71.9
61.4
339.4
34.2
24.7
52.1
73.1
67.9
335.2
33.9
23.5
52.1
73.8
66.5
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
444.3
2.6
4.5
25.3
5.3
2.1
3.5
1.8
6.9
134.1
9.7
28.2
4.3
103.2
3.0
1.6
2.8
5.6
3.6
2.5
1.6
1.8
40.1
1.7
1.9
3.7
1.5
4.7
2.3
439.5
2.6
4.4
24.7
5.3
2.0
3.5
1.6
7.0
128.7
9.6
26.8
4.2
96.7
2.9
1.7
2.7
5.5
3.8
441.2
2.6
4.4
24.7
5.3
2.0
3.5
1.7
7.0
128.6
9.6
26.8
4.2
97.4
2.9
1.7
2.7
5.5
3.8
2.5
2.5
1.7
1.8
40.1
1.7
1.8
3.6
1.6
4.7
2.3
1.7
1.8
40.3
1.8
1.9
3.6
1.6
4.7
2.4
1,437.8
12.5
16.7
84.6
27.9
7.8
14.1
8.2
27.7
310.8
35.2
112.4
14.2
360.7
15.3
5.9
11.3
21.5
14.0
8.6
6.9
7.7
120.3
8.1
9.4
14.7
5.7
19.0
11.4
1,481.3
13.1
16.4
83.8
27.9
8.1
13.9
8.7
29.5
320.5
35.6
115.1
14.8
369.8
15.6
6.1
11.7
22.2
14.5
8.8
7.3
7.7
126.1
8.8
9.6
14.9
5.8
20.3
11.5
1,490.1
12.6
16.8
83.5
28.2
8.1
15.0
8.6
29.1
323.2
36.2
116.9
15.2
372.7
15.7
6.0
11.6
22.2
14.5
9.0
7.3
8.0
125.8
8.6
9.6
14.8
5.8
19.7
11.5
1,128.9
8.2
13.3
92.0
19.4
10.6
15.5
18.7
27.7
147.2
38.5
64.3
20.6
185.9
21.1
8.2
8.1
20.2
23.1
6.1
7.6
6.5
112.8
4.2
12.4
9.0
4.4
11.9
9.5
1,177.7
8.9
14.3
100.2
20.4
11.1
16.6
20.5
28.1
151.5
39.2
68.8
20.8
189.4
21.4
8.7
8.5
21.3
25.5
7.2
7.8
6.8
117.6
4.3
12.3
9.2
4.7
12.4
9.9
1,143.7
8.9
13.1
91.8
19.6
11.2
15.8
18.2
27.8
146.3
38.1
66.5
20.8
187.8
21.1
8.1
8.4
19.9
24.6
7.0
7.6
6.7
114.1
4.3
12.0
9.1
4.6
11.7
10.1
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
33.9
2.4
27.9
33.9
2.3
27.9
34.2
2.3
28.3
147.0
25.0
101.8
152.5
26.0
107.1
155.4
26.6
108.6
142.6
14.0
94.3
145.6
14.0
94.8
142.6
14.1
93.6
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
12.1
3.0
3.6
12.2
2.9
3.7
12.5
2.9
3.7
60.3
7.3
18.2
59.4
7.7
19.3
60.2
8.0
20.0
38.9
8.3
10.7
40.5
8.4
12.1
38.0
8.5
11.0
See footnotes at end of table.
74
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988p
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
2,711.8
31.4
64.7
40.4
72.3
561.5
716.6
439.5
122.8
2,787.5
33.3
67.3
41.2
72.9
572.0
746.7
449.7
119.4
2,817.1
33.5
65.9
41.4
73.7
581.0
756.8
452.4
120.5
15.7
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.5
.1
15.0
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.6
.2
15.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.6
.2
187.7
1.0
3.8
1.7
3.5
40.4
54.0
29.4
7.8
195.5
.9
3.7
2.0
3.5
39.4
57.8
30.7
7.6
200.1
1.0
3.9
2.1
3.5
39.7
59.0
31.8
7.9
Washington
Seattle
1,864.3
935.0
1,921.9
975.8
1,941.7
986.7
3.0
.6
3.3
.7
3.4
.7
89.8
47.1
97.1
51.4
101.2
53.0
603.1
107.3
103.4
59.9
58.4
616.5
107.6
104.1
60.6
59.6
606.4
107.3
104.1
60.8
59.1
35.9
2.3
1.3
.6
2.1
33.7
2.0
1.4
.6
2.1
34.0
2.0
1.4
.6
2.1
25.5
4.4
4.5
3.0
2.1
25.4
4.3
4.4
3.0
2.1
26.8
4.5
4.7
3.1
2.2
2,105.5
145.5
54.4
94.7
54.9
40.8
50.4
197.7
700.4
70.0
45.8
2,145.2
149.4
58.5
97.3
56.8
42.1
54.3
204.8
715.4
71.2
47.5
2,181.1
151.7
58.4
99.6
56.8
41.9
54.3
205.1
724.3
72.3
48.0
2.5
70.4
5.9
1.5
3.3
1.3
1.3
1.5
7.3
21.7
1.8
1.3
72.1
6.2
1.6
3.4
1.1
.7
1.7
7.6
21.6
1.7
1.4
75.4
6.8
1.7
3.5
1.2
.7
2.0
7.7
22.5
1.8
1.6
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau ..
.....
June
1987
June
1988P
May
1988
2.3
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
2.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
0)
1
(1)
(1)
()
(1)
(1)
O
0)
0)
0
(1)
June
1987
0
0
O
O
(1)
C)
0
May
1988
June
1988P
Wyoming
186.2
178.2
183.7
17.4
17.6
17.7
11.8
8.8
9.6
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez ...,
Ponce
San Juan
788.1
50.2
54.9
51.0
487.9
776.9
52.6
55.5
48.7
464.0
809.5
55.0
55.7
50.1
475.8
.8
.8
.8
35.0
(1)
2.8
26.2
37.0
(1)
1
()
3.5
27.1
37.6
(1)
1
()
3.5
27.4
Virgin Islands
38.7
40.3
40.1
1.5
1.9
1.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.1
.4
0
(1)
(1)
.2
.4
(1)
.2
.4
O
0
See footnotes at end of table.
75
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
June
1987
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
431.1
10.3
8.7
16.9
24.0
67.9
35.1
62.2
19.7
425.3
11.4
8.6
16.7
23.2
69.8
35.2
62.1
19.2
429.1
11.4
8.7
16.7
23.4
70.7
35.7
62.2
19.5
143.4
1.1
2.2
Washington
Seattle
317.2
181.8
331.2
192.4
87.1
11.2
19.3
13.9
7.1
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.
76
May
1988
June
1988?
June
1987
146.8
1.1
2.3
1.0
49.8
23.1
9.0
144.9
1.1
2.3
1.0
2.8
25.9
52.7
23.6
8.6
8.7
137.2
160.2
103.9
34.7
334.3
194.8
99.5
59.7
102.1
60.3
104.0
61.1
85.0
10.8
19.1
13.9
7.1
86.7
10.8
19.3
14.5
7.2
37.0
8.3
8.0
2.1
3.2
36.5
8.5
7.7
2.2
3.3
531.5
51.5
10.4
24.9
17.7
13.0
10.7
22.7
168.5
24.2
13.1
541.3
52.3
10.8
24.8
17.9
14.5
11.2
22.9
174.0
24.7
13.5
555.6
54.4
11.1
26.2
17.8
14.3
11.2
23.4
175.9
24.9
14.0
95.3
5.2
3.5
6.4
2.3
1.5
2.5
7.1
35.0
2.3
2.8
7.7
8.0
8.2
146.0
154.3
15.0
151.1
14.7
18.2
8.8
64.3
20.1
9.1
66.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
15.1
17.5
8.6
1.0
3.0
26.5
2.9
26.5
54.0
23.7
614.2
7.8
13.1
8.4
14.3
May
1988
638.6
8.2
14.1
9.1
15.4
140.4
168.1
June
648.9
8.5
14.2
9.3
15.7
109.3
32.0
143.1
169.5
110.1
32.1
459.9
227.8
468.8
235.5
478.0
239.1
37.0
8.5
7.7
2.2
3.3
139.3
28.0
26.6
14.6
15.9
142.7
28.3
26.8
14.7
16.1
144.1
28.5
27.0
14.6
16.2
97.2
5.4
3.8
6.3
2.5
1.3
2.7
7.4
35.6
2.3
3.0
98.4
5.3
3.7
6.3
2.5
1.3
2.7
7.4
35.6
2.3
2.9
500.9
30.8
15.7
24.9
13.6
9.1
14.0
43.9
161.5
16.7
11.3
512.6
32.1
16.8
25.5
14.0
9.2
14.5
45.7
165.5
17.2
11.6
523.6
32.2
16.8
26.1
14.0
9.4
14.5
45.8
168.2
17.4
11.6
12.8
12.6
12.8
41.3
39.0
40.8
16.2
(1)
15.5
15.4
134.7
9.1
140.4
140.1
9.8
7.9
9.9
O
(1)
V)
V)
(1)
7.7
12.5
12.8
12.7
8.0
93.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
9.1
8.2
7.9
8.1
99.5
99.3
9.4
9.3
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Government
Services
State and area
June
1987
June
1988P
May
1988
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
146.5
1.2
3.6
148.4
150.9
1.3
3.6
1.3
1.3
4.0
27.7
48.6
1.4
3.6
1.3
8.1
35.9
8.6
4.1
28.5
49.5
36.5
8.6
Washington
Seattle
108.0
68.3
108.1
68.3
24.3
6.1
4.0
2.3
2.7
113.7
7.1
2.0
3.4
1.7
1.3
1.5
17.6
49.2
2.3
3.4
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
3.8
27.3
46.3
36.9
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
1
2
0
Not available.
Combined with construction.
= preliminary.
June
1987
May
1988
640.2
4.7
12.0
5.8
14.4
674.8
133.6
227.0
93.9
140.6
5.1
12.0
5.7
14.2
June
1988P
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
686.9
5.0
12.2
5.6
14.1
533.0
5.3
21.2
5.2
9.4
9.7
128.5
143.7
89.6
15.5
128.1
144.3
91.2
15.6
20.9
5.3
9.9
128.3
145.4
90.8
15.3
545.0
5.2
22.9
5.3
539.2
5.0
27.9
96.3
27.6
144.1
243.2
96.7
28.2
108.9
68.7
420.3
217.1
445.5
234.5
446.2
236.4
366.6
132.6
365.8
132.7
365.7
132.9
24.3
6.0
3.8
2.3
2.7
24.5
6.0
3.9
2.3
2.7
125.8
25.6
20.5
13.6
15.6
126.3
25.0
21.6
13.6
15.8
124.8
25.5
-21.8
13.5
15.6
128.2
21.4
19.2
9.8
142.6
22.7
19.3
10.3
10.4
128.5
114.0
7.6
2.0
3.5
1.7
1.4
1.5
18.2
48.7
2.3
3.4
115.4
7.6
2.0
3.6
1.7
1.4
1.5
18.4
49.3
2.3
3.5
460.3
27.8
11.9
20.5
11.8
8.1
13.7
42.8
180.1
14.0
8.0
468.1
28.2
12.2
22.4
12.6
8.5
14.3
44.2
185.9
14.8
8.3
476.6
28.6
12.4
22.6
12.7
8.4
14.4
44.6
188.7
14.9
8.3
331.1
16.9
9.5
11.2
6.5
6.5
6.6
337.5
17.3
11.3
11.4
6.9
6.5
8.4
58.6
83.8
8.2
6.3
333.6
16.4
239.5
9.7
56.1
84.0
8.6
5.8
21.5
18.3
10.0
9.8
10.7
11.2
6.8
6.4
8.0
57.6
83.8
8.6
6.1
7.5
7.2
7.2
35.1
32.0
35.7
52.6
53.0
51.7
35.0
(1)
36.3
36.3
(1)
107.8
(1)
114.5
112.6
(1)
9.1
80.5
312.6
17.5
20.7
19.5
184.9
278.1
17.5
18.2
15.4
315.8
20.4
20.3
17.3
147.0
160.0
9.2
12.6
12.9
13.2
0)
(1)
0
O
(1)
0
0
0
29.4
1.7
1.7
29.3
9.2
77.3
9.3
81.6
1.7
28.7
9.0
9.5
O
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1987 benchmarks except
Colorado. Data for Colorado have been adjusted to December 1986 benchmarks.
77
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month
Mining
Construction
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80
37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9
$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79
$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54
3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49
164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07
37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0
5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27
195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99
9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.52
397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
530.85
37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.69
367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
479.68
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7
$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04
$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61
41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0
$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7
3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16
119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91
42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1987:
July
August
September
October
November.
December,
1988:
January
February ...
March
April
May
Junep
Julyp
35.0
35.2
34.7
34.9
34.8
34.8
$8.90
8.94
9.05
9.08
9.13
9.13
$311.50
314.69
314.04
316.89
317.72
317.72
42.0
42.7
42.3
42.9
42.6
43.1
$12.41
12.40
12.50
12.42
12.54
12.60
$521.22
529.48
528.75
532.82
534.20
543.06
38.6
38.6
36.5
38.8
37.1
37.6
$12.60
12.68
12.79
12.82
12.83
12.81
$486.36
489.45
466.84
497.42
475.99
481.66
34.4
34.5
34.4
34.7
34.6
35.0
35.1
9.18
9.17
9.18
9.23
9.26
9.23
9.25
315.79
316.37
315.79
320.28
320.40
323.05
324.68
42.1
41.8
41.9
42.8
42.2
42.6
42.2
12.77
12.71
12.59
12.60
12.54
12.55
12.61
537.62
531.28
527.52
539.28
529.19
534.63
532.14
35.9
36.1
37.4
37.9
38.2
38.7
38.5
12.99
12.82
12.87
12.88
12.87
12.87
12.94
466.34
462.80
481.34
488.15
491.63
498.07
498.19
See footnotes at end of table.
79
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities
Manufacturing
Year and
month
Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63
$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74
40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2
$2.52
2.61
2.73
2.88
3.05
3.23
$102.56
106.49
111.11
116.06
122.31
129.85
40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9
3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16
155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58
39.9
39.5
39.4
39.3
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8
3.44
3.65
3.85
4.08
4.39
4.73
5.03
5.39
5.88
6.39
137.26
144.18
151.69
160.34
170.33
183.05
194.66
209.13
228.14
247.93
39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
6.96
7.56
8.09
8.55
8.89
9.16
9.35
9.59
267.96
291.06
309.85
329.18
342.27
351.74
358.11
365.38
Weekly
hours
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
1964..
1965..
1966..
1967..
1968..
1969..
40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6
$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19
$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05
$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51
41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7
1970..
1971 ..
1972..
1973..
1974..
1975..
1976..
1977..
1978..
1979..
39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2
3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70
3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43
133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34
1980..
1981 ..
1982..
1983..
1984..
1985..
1986..
1987..
39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
Weekly
earnings
Hourly
earnings
Wholesale trade
Annual averages
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1987:
July
August
September
October
November
December
1988:
January ....
February ..
March
April
May
June p
Julyp
40.6
40.9
40.8
41.3
41.4
41.8
$9.87
9.86
9.99
9.95
41.0
40.7
40.9
41.0
40.9
41.2
40.7
See footnotes at end of table.
80
10.07
$9.45
9.42
9.53
9.48
9.54
9.59
$400.72
403.27
407.59
410.94
414.41
420.93
39.6
39.7
39.2
39.4
39.3
39.2
$12.00
12.06
12.11
12.12
12.21
12.24
$475.20
478.78
474.71
477.53
479.85
479.81
38.2
38.3
38.0
38.3
38.2
38.2
$9.56
9.60
9.64
9.65
9.72
9.73
$365.19
367.68
366.32
369.60
371.30
371.69
10.07
10.05
10.07
10.12
10.14
10.16
10.18
9.62
9.63
9.64
9.68
9.70
9.70
9.73
412.87
409.04
411.86
414.92
414.73
418.59
414.33
39.0
38.9
38.6
39.2
39.2
39.5
39.7
12.16
12.23
12.19
12.27
12.28
12.29
12.31
474.24
475.75
470.53
480.98
481.38
485.46
488.71
37.9
37.9
37.9
38.2
38.0
38.2
38.3
9.78
9.78
9.78
9.88
9.87
9.85
9.94
370.66
370.66
370.66
377.42
375.06
376.27
380.70
10.01
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Retail trade
Year and
month
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2
$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30
$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66
37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1
$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6
2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53
82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62
36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.11
147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.41
36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
Services
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70
36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7
$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61
$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57
3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27
112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77
34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7
2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36
96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27
5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.48
190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.60
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1987:
July
August
September
October
November.
December.
1988:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June"
July"
30.0
30.2
29.5
29.1
29.0
29.3
$6.07
6.07
6.20
6.16
6.18
6.19
$182.10
183.31
182.90
179.26
179.22
181.37
36.2
36.4
36.0
36.2
36.3
36.0
$8.63
8.74
8.73
8.76
8.89
8.81
$312.41
318.14
314.28
317.11
322.71
317.16
32.8
32.9
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.4
$8.34
8.40
8.54
8.61
8.71
8.73
$273.55
276.36
276.70
279.83
283.08
282.85
28.3
28.5
28.6
28.9
28.9
29.4
30.0
6.24
6.23
6.24
6.26
6.28
6.26
6.28
176.59
177.56
178.46
180.91
181.49
184.04
188.40
36.2
36.4
35.8
36.2
35.8
35.9
36.2
8.96
9.02
8.97
9.03
9.09
8.96
9.00
324.35
328.33
321.13
326.89
325.42
321.66
325.80
32.4
32.6
32.3
32.6
32.4
32.7
33.0
8.81
8.81
8.80
8.82
8.84
8.78
8.80
285.44
287.21
284.24
287.53
286.42
287.11
290.40
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently
projected from March 1987 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
from April 1987 forward are subject to revision.
81
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry
Industry
1972
SIC
Code
Total private
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
35.0
34.6
35.0
42.0
42.2
42.6
42.2
40.2
43.7
June
1988P
July
1988P
42.5
41.4
43.1
41.5
41.5
May
1988
42.2
42.0
40.0
43.6
July
1987
35.1
42.3
Mining
35.0
June
1987
42.1
42.1
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
41.9
41.4
42.6
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
11,12
12
42.8
42.8
Oil and gas extraction
13
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
Oil and gas field services
138
40.7
40.6
40.8
42.1
42.5
41.8
41.2
40.2
41.8
41.3
41.5
41.2
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
14
142
46.5
48.2
46.3
48.6
46.5
47.7
47.1
48.4
38.1
38.6
38.2
38.7
15
152
153
154
37.5
37.1
38.0
38.0
37.8
37.1
38.0
38.5
37.5
36.7
39.1
38.4
37.9
37.0
38.5
39.0
16
161
162
41.7
42.7
41.0
42.8
44.9
41.5
42.6
43.9
41.9
43.3
45.0
42.3
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
37.4
38.2
36.2
38.9
35.6
36.1
34.1
37.8
38.7
36.4
39.2
35.8
36.1
35.2
37.3
38.5
35.9
38.7
35.4
35.9
34.1
37.7
38.9
36.7
38.7
35.5
35.7
35.7
41.1
40.6
40.9
41.2
40.7
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.9
3.8
3.8
Crushed and broken stone
38.5
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
41.7
41.0
41.7
41.9
41.2
3.8
3.6
4.0
4.1
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
41.3
40.7
42.4
42.5
42.1
41.6
42.5
40.8
41.2
41.6
39.1
39.9
39.4
40.6
40.4
39.6
41.2
41.4
41.0
40.5
41.2
40.0
39.8
40.0
38.9
40.3
40.1
39.9
40.5
40.5
41.4
41.9
39.7
40.0
40.5
39.0
41.0
40.8
39.4
39.8
39.4
40.3
40.9
41.0
41.6
42.0
40.2
40.6
41.0
39.8
41.0
41.5
39.5
40.5
40.0
40.6
40.2
4.1
4.3
4.8
4.9
4.3
4.1
4.1
3.5
3.9
4.7
3.3
3.5
3.2
3.4
3.9
4.0
4.5
4.7
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.3
4.0
4.3
3.1
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.7
4.7
4.4
4.6
3.2
3.3
2.8
2.8
3.8
4.7
3.6
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.9
4.0
4.4
4.6
3.5
3.8
3.4
3.4
3.8
5.0
3.5
3.2
2.9
3.3
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
40.0
39.5
40.1
38.4
41.2
38.7
40.8
40.5
41.1
40.4
39.3
38.9
39.3
37.9
40.3
39.2
39.3
41.2
40.0
39.5
39.1
38.6
39.3
36.8
40.4
39.5
40.0
40.4
40.3
38.0
39.3
39.1
39.2
38.0
40.5
40.6
39.5
41.5
39.7
39.3
38.7
2.7
2.5
2.7
2.0
3.3
2.7
3.0
3.4
3.3
2.5
2.5
2.3
2.3
1.7
3.0
3.4
2.5
3.8
3.3
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.5
1.3
3.1
3.1
2.2
3.9
2.9
2.1
2.6
2.3
2.4
1.8
2.7
3.6
2.4
4.5
3.0
2.7
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
32
321
322
42.5
46.7
41.3
42.6
44.3
40.9
42.8
46.5
41.7
42.8
47.2
40.9
42.5
5.2
6.0
4.8
5.3
5.0
5.0
5.3
8.2
4.4
5.3
7.9
4.4
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
See footnotes at end of table.
82
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1972
SIC
Code
Total private .
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
$8.91
$9.26
$9.23
$9.25 $311.85 $311.50 $320.40 $323.05 $324.68
12.52
Mining .
$8.90
12.41
12.54
12.55
12.61 529.60
521.22
529.19
534.63
12.92
14.84
11.25
12.99
13.41
11.56
13.18
14.55
11.68
540.93
587.88
484.36
542.64
593.60
490.50
548.18
539.08
505.17
560.15
602.37
503.41
15.75
15.80
15.80
15.85
669.82
672.39
614.26
618.19
653.63
655.70
665.18
667.29
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
12.91
14.20
11.37
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining .
11,12
12
15.65
15.71
13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services
11.52
13.98
9.97
11.50
14.03
9.91
11.62
14.39
10.14
11.58
14.32
10.06
468.86
567.59
406.78
484.15
596.28
414.24
478.74
578.48
423.85
478.25
594.28
414.47
10.64
10.07
10.60
10.04
10.89
10.33
10.94
10.41
494.76
485.37
490.78
487.94
506.39
492.74
515.27
503.84
12.66
12.60
12.87
12.87
12.94 482.35
486.36
491.63
498.07
532.14
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Crushed and broken stone
14
142
Construction .
498.19
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction .
15
152
153
154
11.61
10.88
10.28
12.52
11.59
10.77
10.22
12.57
12.09
11.44
11.04
12.87
12.00
11.32
11.04
12.85
435.38
403.65
390.64
475.76
438.10
399.57
388.36
483.95
453.38
419.85
431.66
494.21
454.80
418.84
425.04
501.15
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .
16
161
162
12.21
12.12
12.28
12.11
12.09
12.12
12.31
12.24
12.36
12.39
12.47
12.34
509.16
517.52
503.48
518.31
542.84
502.98
524.41
537.34
517.88
536.49
561.15
521.98
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning ..,
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating .
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
13.24
13.45
12.52
14.69
13.56
12.46
11.58
13.18
13.39
12.56
14.70
13.44
12.41
11.58
13.37
13.70
12.63
14.68
13.67
12.77
11.90
13.38
13.66
12.55
14.70
13.65
12.79
11.83
495.18
513.79
453.22
571.44
482.74
449.81
394.88
498.20
518.19
457.18
576.24
481.15
448.00
407.62
498.70
527.45
453.42
568.12
483.92
458.44
405.79
504.43
531.37
460.59
568.89
484.58
456.60
422.33
9.87
9.87
10.14
10.16
10.18 405.66
400.72
414.73
418.59
414.33
10.40
10.38
10.67
10.70
10.70 433.68
425.58
444.94
448.33
440.84
341.38
427.28
354.32
370.53
277.98
338.18
356.38
304.40
274.22
390.80
241.57
321.19
322.40
292.07
345.87
430.92
359.35
377.10
277.90
343.60
358.02
310.05
287.82
412.90
251.77
321.58
323.87
297.01
351.33
440.34
361.92
378.84
282.20
349.57
360.80
319.99
286.59
422.89
250.04
327.65
328.80
300.03
347.33
301.04
274.25
256.63
291.45
290.56
299.10
340.34
332.07
367.20
319.56
307.72
279.46
267.24
290.72
287.65
305.73
357.60
336.94
378.82
313.50
310.08
285.04
266.17
300.96
298.49
315.87
355.90
348.19
369.61
319.90
307.28
438.78
622.42
475.26
447.26
693.78
486.22
448.12
701.86
479.76
448.38
Manufacturing
Durable goods .
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
8.43
10.78
8.59
8.95
6.77
8.33
8.63
7.66
6.85
9.77
6.20
7.92
8.01
7.38
8.45
10.79
8.60
8.95
6.78
8.35
8.65
7.61
6.89
9.77
6.21
7.97
8.04
7.32
8.54
10.64
8.68
9.00
7.00
8.59
8.84
7.95
7.02
10.12
6.39
8.08
8.22
7.37
8.59
10.74
8.70
9.02
7.02
8.61
8.80
8.04
6.99
10.19
6.33
8.09
8.22
7.39
8.64 348.16
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ....
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture .
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures .
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
7.66
7.04
6.50
7.75
7.05
7.60
8.70
8.12
9.12
8.17
7.66
7.05
6.53
7.69
7.21
7.63
8.66
8.06
9.18
8.09
7.87
7.24
6.80
7.90
7.12
7.74
8.94
8.34
9.40
8.25
7.89
7.29
6.79
7.92
7.37
7.78
9.01
8.39
9.31
8.14
7.94 306.40
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown .
32
321
322
10.28
14.34
11.43
10.30
14.05
11.62
10.45
14.92
11.66
10.47
14.87
11.73
10.55 436.90
438.75
364.22
380.38
285.02
346.53
366.78
312.53
282.22
406.43
242.42
316.01
315.59
299.63
278.08
260.65
297.60
290.46
294.12
354.96
328.86
374.83
330.07
669.68
472.06
See footnotes at end of table.
83
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1972
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
5.9
3.6
3.6
3.3
4.2
2.7
7.0
8.8
6.2
6.9
4.6
3.8
5.1
July
1988P
5.9
3.8
3.5
3.3
4.3
2.9
7.3
8.5
6.2
7.7
4.3
3.5
4.1
5.5
3.2
3.4
3.5
4.2
3.1
7.1
7.6
6.2
7.5
4.8
3.6
4.7
5.3
3.3
3.5
3.2
4.4
2.9
7.3
8.0
6.3
7.9
4.7
3.8
3.8
June
1988P
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
41.5
41.0
41.3
41.8
42.0
40.2
44.0
46.4
43.4
43.4
41.9
43.4
42.7
40.6
41.2
41.3
42.0
42.0
39.3
44.7
45.3
43.7
45.0
41.6
42.7
40.3
42.1
41.2
41.8
42.8
42.0
39.8
44.3
45.6
43.5
44.2
42.5
43.5
43.1
40.5
41.3
41.9
42.3
41.9
40.0
44.6
46.3
43.4
44.7
42.5
43.8
42.6
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
43.1
43.4
43.5
43.1
43.0
43.1
43.2
42.1
43.4
44.2
43.3
43.2
43.8
42.5
41.6
42.2
42.8
43.7
44.2
41.7
42.2
42.3
41.4
41.9
43.3
44.0
42.9
41.6
44.3
42.7
40.5
41.3
43.5
43.9
44.2
42.9
43.8
44.2
42.1
43.8
43.2
43.8
43.5
42.8
45.0
43.5
42.1
42.9
43.7
44.5
44.7
44.1
43.6
43.9
42.9
43.4
43.4
43.8
43.7
43.5
45.3
43.3
42.1
42.8
43.0
43.7
4.8
4.9
4.9
5.5
5.0
5.4
4.5
4.3
4.5
4.8
5.6
5.5
7.2
4.7
3.3
3.6
4.9
5.2
5.4
4.7
4.6
4.8
3.4
4.4
4.4
4.7
5.6
5.9
7.4
4.9
3.1
3.4
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.8
6.3
4.3
5.6
4.5
4.7
5.8
5.3
7.7
5.5
3.9
4.2
5.6
6.0
6.1
6.5
5.8
6.2
4.6
5.7
4.6
4.9
6.2
6.8
7.7
5.7
4.1
4.6
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
41.7
44.5
44.5
41.1
42.0
40.4
42.0
42.5
40.9
41.1
41.5
40.8
42.1
40.0
41.3
42.7
41.2
44.3
42.4
42.1
43.8
40.8
41.3
40.9
41.9
41.5
40.1
41.3
41.7
41.0
40.8
44.4
44.7
40.3
40.1
40.2
40.4
40.4
39.9
40.6
41.2
40.4
41.3
39.5
40.5
41.6
40.7
42.7
40.5
40.9
41.0
39.7
40.8
40.4
41.5
40.6
39.4
40.5
40.7
40.8
41.7
43.9
44.0
41.5
40.9
41.5
40.2
40.6
39.4
40.8
41.8
40.4
42.2
39.5
40.5
43.1
42.2
44.2
43.3
43.4
45.8
40.6
40.9
40.8
41.0
41.4
40.7
41.6
42.1
40.7
42.1
45.0
45.2
41.9
41.4
41.8
40.8
40.8
40.5
41.2
42.3
40.7
42.9
39.8
40.5
43.0
42.0
44.3
43.6
43.5
46.2
41.0
41.1
41.1
41.2
41.5
40.4
42.0
42.6
41.5
40.9
3.8
6.2
6.2
3.0
3.2
2.9
4.0
3.8
3.1
3.5
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.1
3.9
4.8
3.6
6.1
4.5
4.0
5.3
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.9
3.0
2.4
3.5
3.6
3.2
3.5
6.3
6.4
3.0
2.7
3.1
3.0
2.3
2.9
3.4
3.7
3.3
3.4
3.1
3.5
4.2
3.3
5.3
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.2
2.6
2.1
3.3
3.5
3.3
4.0
5.2
5.3
3.4
2.8
3.6
3.1
3.1
2.7
3.4
4.3
2.9
3.9
2.9
3.4
5.3
4.6
6.1
5.4
4.7
7.0
3.9
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.3
2.6
3.6
3.8
3.3
4.2
5.9
6.0
3.6
3.0
3.8
3.5
3.2
3.3
3.8
4.9
3.3
4.3
2.9
3.5
5.2
4.4
6.2
5.5
5.1
7.2
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.3
2.5
3.7
4.0
3.6
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
42.4
42.4
39.3
43.4
41.9
42.5
41.8
42.9
38.7
44.2
41.7
43.0
42.4
44.2
42.7
44.6
42.7
43.7
42.5
44.2
44.0
44.2
42.3
43.5
42.2
4.0
4.9
3.6
5.3
3.2
3.8
3.8
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.5
4.4
4.2
4.9
4.7
5.0
3.8
4.6
4.3
4.7
5.2
4.6
3.7
4.6
See footnotes at end of table.
84
July
1988P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
1972
SIC
Code
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
Average hourly earnings
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
Average weekly earnings
$11.99 $12.14 $12.08 $12.24
10.99 11.16 11.14
10.77
9.13
9.11
8.83
8.87
13.02
13.13
13.24
13.15
8.86
8.86
8.52
8.49
9.33
9.40
8.88
8.77
10.18 10.24
10.10
10.11
9.36
9.31
9.04
8.93
9.18
9.05
8.96
8.90
11.05 10.95 11.02 11.04
10.43 10.40 10.54 10.57
9.94
10.03
9.73
9.68
10.33 10.59 10.65 10.48
June
1987
July
1987
$497.59
441.57
366.33
549.67
July
1988P
$492.88
452.79
364.68
556.08
357.84
348.98
451.47
409.51
391.55
492.75
432.64
415.47
$508.57 $495.72
459.79 460.08
380.80
382.55
561.96 550.75
426.78
459.02
371.23
373.20
456.70
433.37
398.41
493.49
449.23
435.37
446.45
356.58
352.55
444.84
414.35
386.26
479.57
437.02
420.11
441.09
May
1988
372.12
374.12
450.97
424.54
393.68
487.08
447.95
436.31
June
1988P
July
1988P
11.91
13.75
14.45
11.12
10.70
11.11
11.82
10.06
12.88
13.34
11.38
10.56
13.87
11.31
9.46
9.71
11.93
13.63
14.25
10.93
10.70
11.15
11.65
10.04
13.02
13.42
11.43
10.62
13.70
11.44
9.48
9.70
12.13
13.96
14.70
10.94
10.97
11.50
11.83
10.23
13.09
13.53
11.64
10.77
13.95
11.88
9.59
9.77
12.16 $12.19 513.32
13.97 14.00 596.75
628.58
14.71
479.27
11.09
460.10
11.02
478.84
11.58
510.62
11.68
423.53
10.23
558.99
13.12
589.63
13.58
492.75
11.71
456.19
10.96
607.51
13.99
480.68
11.99
393.54
9.63
409.76
9.83
510.60
595.63
629.85
455.78
451.54
471.65
482.31
420.68
563.77
590.48
490.35
441.79
606.91
488.49
383.94
400.61
527.66
612.84
649.74
469.33
480.49
508.30
498.04
448.07
565.49
592.61
506.34
460.96
627.75
516.78
403.74
419.13
531.39
621.67
657.54
489.07
480.47
508.36
501.07
443.98
569.41
594.80
511.73
476.76
633.75
519.17
405.42
420.72
$524.17
611.80
9.98
13.28
14.04
9.82
9.93
10.23
13.41
10.27
13.48
14.27
14.31
10.18
10.24
10.19 416.17
590.96
624.78
403.60
385.56
408.44
386.82
369.33
374.64
381.00
410.02
311.71
431.53
386.40
371.29
416.33
372.86
465.15
499.47
525.41
597.87
377.81
329.57
325.56
336.04
455.26
421.45
383.68
415.33
343.99
405.14
590.52
627.59
390.91
362.10
400.79
370.47
346.63
367.08
375.96
408.70
306.64
417.54
387.50
360.45
403.94
368.34
446.22
472.64
510.84
554.73
370.40
328.85
326.43
332.83
445.79
410.94
376.25
404.15
339.86
426.59
588.70
627.88
422.47
380.37
439.90
372.25
360.12
356.18
387.60
425.94
324.41
432.55
389.47
360.05
431.00
392.04
478.69
532.59
558.99
662.73
382.45
334.97
334.15
335.38
466.58
442.82
392.29
430.68
341.07
432.37
606.60
646.81
429.06
383.78
448.10
380.26
363.94
368.15
391.81
429.77
327.64
440.58
392.83
363.29
429.14
389.34
479.33
538.02
562.89
671.29
386.63
339.49
339.08
340.72
470.20
442.78
397.32
437.93
348.60
416.77
13.30
14.04
9.70
452.83
564.34
509.33
581.99
415.65
450.50
446.01
571.43
494.20
594.93
413.25
453.22
462.16
602.45
592.25
604.78
421.88
463.66
464.53
605.10
605.44
604.21
421.31
461.10
461.67
9.18
10.11
9.21
8.69
9.16
9.27
9.88
7.64
10.25
9.66
8.99
9.75
9.05
10.50
11.78
12.48
13.65
9.26
7.98
7.96
8.02
10.97
9.03
9.97
9.17
8.58
9.20
9.26
9.92
7.59
10.11
9.81
8.90
9.71
9.05
10.45
11.67
12.49
13.53
9.33
8.06
8.08
8.02
10.98
9.29
9.96
8.39
10.43
9.29
9.93
8.33
10.68
13.31
12.96
13.41
9.92
10.60
10.67
13.32
12.77
13.46
9.91
10.54
10.51
9.30
10.60
9.26
8.87
9.04
9.50
10.19
8.03
10.25
9.86
8.89
10.00
9.29
10.83
12.30
9.27
10.72
9.32
8.92
9.09
9.51
10.16
8.05
10.27
9.87
8.97
9.98
9.27
10.82
12.34
8.19
8.19
8.18
11.27
10.88
9.43
12.94
14.53
9.43
8.26
8.25
8.27
11.33
10.96
9.46
10.23
8.38
10.28
8.40
10.90
13.63
13.87
13.56
9.88
10.61
10.93
13.69
13.76
13.67
9.96
10.60
12.88
14.47
9.42
10.94
See footnotes at end of table.
85
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ...
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ....
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
See footnotes at end of table.
86
1972
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
42.6
43.7
42.6
42.6
42.4
39.7
42.6
42.4
42.0
43.1
41.6
42.1
42.2
42.3
43.7
39.9
42.4
43.2
43.5
41.8
41.8
41.0
43.6
43.0
42.9
42.3
42.8
41.7
42.2
41.6
42.1
42.6
42.2
43.7
42.0
39.6
41.9
41.1
41.3
42.4
41.1
41.9
41.3
41.5
41.9
39.7
41.6
41.4
43.3
41.1
41.1
41.1
41.7
41.9
41.5
41.9
42.6
41.4
40.5
41.5
43.3
44.0
41.6
45.3
42.5
40.9
42.9
42.4
43.8
43.3
41.7
43.0
42.2
42.3
42.2
40.4
42.9
43.5
44.4
42.8
41.2
43.7
41.5
41.1
41.3
41.9
42.6
41.7
42.8
41.6
41.0
41.5
42.5
40.5
41.3
41.2
40.7
40.3
40.0
40.2
40.3
40.0
40.0
39.8
40.6
39.0
41.2
41.1
41.1
41.6
40.9
41.0
41.7
40.8
41.4
41.9
41.6
43.4
40.3
40.5
40.8
40.2
40.8
40.9
39.9
39.3
39.2
41.3
38.6
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.5
37.4
40.2
39.8
40.9
41.7
40.6
40.5
40.0
40.8
40.7
40.6
40.3
41.2
40.7
41.8
41.3
42.1
41.6
41.5
41.0
39.3
40.5
40.1
39.1
40.0
40.3
39.5
40.4
38.4
41.3
41.2
40.8
42.5
40.2
40.3
41.3
40.2
40.5
41.9
41.2
42.8
41.1
42.3
42.4
42.1
42.6
42.6
41.9
39.8
39.5
40.1
39.6
40.5
40.9
40.0
40.8
38.7
41.3
40.9
40.9
42.7
40.2
40.5
41.6
40.1
40.7
42.6
41.9
43.6
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
3.8
3.6
4.6
5.0
3.8
2.8
4.5
3.7
4.6
5.1
3.8
3'5
4.2
3.7
4.6
4.0
3.9
4.0
5.2
3.0
3.0
3.4
4.6
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.5
3.9
43.3
44.5
41.1
44.2
42.9
41.2
43.2
42.8
44.1
43.7
42.2
42.4
42.4
41.9
42.6
40.5
42.8
43.6
44.1
41.5
41.9
42.9
41.8
41.2
41.3
42.3
42.8
42.1
43.1
42.0
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
July
1988P
40.2
3.4
3.1
4.0
4.9
3.7
2.6
4.3
3.6
4.3
5.0
3.7
3.2
3.9
3.3
4.0
4.2
3.8
3.4
4.8
3.0
3.6
3.8
4.3
3.2
3.2
3.9
4.4
3.8
3.4
3.8
4.3
3.9
3.9
6.6
4.4
2.8
4.9
4.1
5.2
5.6
4.5
3.8
4.5
4.1
3.6
4.8
4.5
4.3
6.1
4.8
2.8
5.4
4.6
2.8
2.7
3.7
4.1
4.4
5.1
4.3
4.3
4.1
3.7
6.3
4.5
3.5
4.9
4.3
5.3
5.7
4.3
3.3
4.8
4.1
3.8
5.1
4.7
4.6
6.2
4.8
3.1
5.6
5.1
3.2
3.2
4.0
4.2
4.4
5.2
4.4
3.0
3.0
3.1
2.9
3.3
3.5
2.6
3.0
3.3
3.2
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.6
1.4
2.2
1.7
2.6
2.6
2.6
3.3
2.9
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.5
4.6
2.7
3.0
2.8
3.2
3.0
3.4
1.7
2.5
3.2
3.7
1.9
2.2
2.4
2.5
1.5
1.1
2.1
1.5
2.5
2.4
2.5
3.2
2.1
4.0
3.2
2.6
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.1
3.3
3.7
4.2
2.3
2.4
3.7
1.9
2.6
2.8
2.9
2.7
2.3
1.8
3.4
2.8
2.5
3.2
2.2
3.2
3.8
3.4
3.0
3.8
2.7
5.0
3.3
3.6
3.4
3.7
4.4
5.1
2.8
3.0
4.9
2.0
3.0
3.2
3.7
3.0
2.6
1.7
3.3
2.8
2.5
2.9
2.4
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
4.2
3.4
5.3
July
1988P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Averagei hourly earnings
1972
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment .
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
SIC
Code
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
$11.00 $10.96 $11.06 $11.09
12.19 12.16 12.31 12.37
11.39 11.61 11.38 11.40
11.12 10.78 10.87 10.78
9.97
9.82
9.65
9.56
9.83
9.78
9.74
9.63
11.07 11.04 11.30 11.29
11.15 11.11 11.20 11.28
11.41 11.47 11.81 11.73
11.82 11.78 12.08 12.06
9.91 10.15 10.10
9.95
8.94
8.81
8.40
8.44
10.59 10.64 11.02 11.10
10.59 10.57 11.04 11.08
9.10
9.09
8.80
8.80
11.22 11.53 12.03 12.09
10.37 10.33 10.58 10.60
11.04 11.02 11.15 11.24
11.10 10.83 11.15 11.17
10.27 10.25 10.44 10.57
9.39
9.39
9.14
9.09
10.13 10.24 10.52 10.61
10.54 10.52 10.59 10.55
10.25 10.29 10.64 10.68
10.25 10.28 10.66 10.67
10.40 10.35 10.63 10.66
10.66 10.60 10.85 10.88
10.38 10.35 10.56 10.57
12.73 12.69 12.75 12.82
10.04 10.04 10.26 10.27
9.83
9.09
8.92
9.24
9.80
9.68
9.70
9.75
11.18
11.63
7.27
9.08
10.21
8.63
9.21
6.83
9.13
9.44
11.67
11.25
11.82
8.87
11.12
10.56
8.10
10.58
11.20
11.25
9.86
9.19
9.02
9.33
9.84
9.70
9.83
9.90
11.33
11.81
7.27
9.09
10.46
8.65
9.21
6.85
9.11
9.43
11.77
11.31
11.95
8.91
11.23
10.68
8.08
10.29
11.05
10.69
10.12
9.41
9.21
9.57
10.07
10.06
9.96
10.14
11.63
11.81
7.37
9.51
10.65
9.15
9.25
7.05
9.64
10.04
12.03
11.54
12.23
9.08
11.30
11.05
8.16
10.80
11.02
11.61
Average3 weekly earnings
July
1988P
May
June
1987
July
1987
1988
$468.60
532.70
485.21
473.71
405.34
386.68
471.58
472.76
479.22
509.44
413.92
355.32
446.90
447.96
384.56
447.68
439.69
476.93
482.85
429.29
379.96
415.33
459.54
440.75
439.73
439.92
456.25
432.85
537.21
417.66
$461.42
518.02
489.94
471.09
405.30
381.35
462.58
456.62
473.71
499.47
407.30
351.96
439.43
438.66
368.72
457.74
429.73
456.23
468.94
421.28
375.65
420.86
438.68
431.15
426.62
433.67
451.56
428.49
513.95
416.66
$478.90
541.64
473.41
492.41
417.35
400.00
484.77
474.88
517.28
523.06
423.26
378.83
465.04
466.99
383.60
486.01
453.88
485.03
495.06
446.83
386.87
459.72
439.49
437.30
440.26
445.40
462.21
440.35
545.70
426.82
June
1988P
July
1988P
$480.20
550.47
468.54
476.48
427.71
405.00
487.73
482.78
517.29
527.02
426.22
379.06
470.64
464.25
387.66
489.65
453.68
490.06
492.60
438.66
393.44
455.17
440.99
440.02
440.67
450.92
465.66
445.00
552.54
431.34
10.15 $10.20 403.03 397.36 411.88 417.17 $410.04
"
377.24 372.20 393.34 397.62
9.40
379.10 368.02 380.37 389.66
9.19
374.22 375.07 402.90 403.32
9.58
404.74 401.47 418.91 429.41
10.08
398.82 396.73 417.49 429.41
10.08
394.79 392.22 408.36 416.07
9.93
10.12
392.93 389.07 398.50 402.78
447.20 444.14 471.02 466.89
11.82
467.53 487.75 473.58 473.18
11.80
7.37
292.98 280.62 288.17 291.85
363.20 357.24 380.40 385.97
9.53
10.64
408.40 412.12 429.20 435.18
343.47 341.68 361.43 367.60
9.19
9.25
373.93 363.80 373.70 377.40
266.37 256.19 270.72 274.00
7.08
376.16 366.22 398.13 388.22
9.40
387.98 375.31 413.65 404.09
9.88
479.64 481.39 490.82 494.89
12.10
468.00 471.63 490.45 500.44
11.72
483.44 485.17 491.65 492.85
12.26
363.67 360.86 365.92 370.98
9.16
11.37
463.70 449.20 466.69 472.99
11.22
430.85 435.74 444.21 449.92
335.34 328.86 330.48 334.15
8.21
443.30 417.77 452.52 461.36
10.83
11.05
465.92 445.32 454.02 463.00
11.66
488.25 440.43 496.91 508.38
See footnotes at end of table.
87
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
1972
SIC
Code
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
39
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
See footnotes at end of table.
88
3841
3842
385
386
387
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
Average weekly hours
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
Average overtime hours
July
1988P
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
41.9
42.0
41.2
42.1
42.9
41.5
42.5
42.3
42.3
42.8
40.5
40.2
40.9
41.7
42.1
42.1
39.8
37.5
41.0
40.9
40.3
42.7
41.3
40.5
41.6
41.5
41.5
41.9
39.9
40.1
39.7
40.1
41.4
41.2
39.4
38.4
43.0
44.3
44.3
43.2
44.6
40.3
42.1
41.6
41.7
43.0
40.6
40.9
39.9
42.2
42.8
42.7
39.7
38.8
43.0
44.3
44.3
43.1
44.7
41.6
41.9
41.2
41.9
43.1
40.6
40.9
40.1
42.7
42.6
42.4
40.0
38.7
41.8
42.1
4.1
4.0
3.4
4.1
4.6
3.7
4.9
4.8
4.6
5.4
2.8
2.6
3.2
1.9
4.0
4.0
3.5
1.6
3.7
3.5
3.1
4.6
3.8
3.5
4.7
4.4
4.4
5.4
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.4
3.6
3.6
3.8
2.4
4.8
5.7
5.6
4.9
6.1
2.7
4.3
3.9
4.1
5.1
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.7
4.1
4.2
2.7
1.7
4.9
5.8
5.9
4.1
6.2
3.8
4.4
3.8
4.4
5.2
3.0
3.1
2.8
4.0
4.1
4.2
2.9
2.0
41.5
41.2
41.4
39.6
42.9
40.8
42.0
40.7
41.1
40.3
40.7
44.4
42.0
40.8
41.3
40.6
39.5
41.1
39.8
41.2
40.2
40.4
40.1
40.1
42.8
41.5
41.2
41.3
41.3
39.4
43.8
40.5
42.6
41.0
41.1
40.7
40.2
41.9
38.8
41.5
41.3
41.6
39.5
44.0
40.8
43.5
41.0
41.2
40.4
39.8
43.2
40.6
40.9
2.9
3.1
2.6
2.5
3.2
2.1
2.9
2.9
3.1
2.7
2.4
3.7
3.0
2.5
3.0
2.2
2.3
2.8
1.9
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.6
3.1
2.3
2.9
2.8
2.6
2.1
3.7
2.2
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.9
1.2
3.1
2.7
2.8
2.1
3.8
2.6
3.6
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.7
4.3
2.2
39.4
38.3
37.7
41.6
39.2
38.4
39.8
40.8
37.6
35.3
40.0
40.0
38.8
37.2
36.3
41.2
38.6
37.8
39.2
40.6
36.0
34.1
39.8
39.4
39.0
37.6
36.5
40.6
38.9
37.4
40.1
40.2
38.1
37.3
39.5
39.6
39.4
37.3
36.0
40.0
39.4
37.9
40.5
40.7
39.0
37.4
40.0
40.0
38.8
2.5
1.8
1.4
3.4
2.1
1.7
2.5
2.6
3.3
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.2
1.4
1.0
2.4
2.0
1.5
2.5
2.2
2.4
2.0
2.7
2.3
2.3
1.7
1.3
2.7
2.3
1.2
3.1
2.6
1.8
1.5
2.6
2.7
2.5
1.8
1.4
2.3
2.2
1.1
3.1
3.3
2.6
2.2
2.8
2.8
40.3
40.1
39.8
40.7
41.0
38.8
42.1
40.2
43.1
38.4
38.8
36.5
38.6
44.1
46.5
43.9
40.0
39.1
42.3
40.0
40.0
39.6
40.9
40.9
38.4
41.6
39.5
42.3
38.2
39.9
36.8
37.7
44.5
47.0
44.2
39.5
39.1
40.5
39.9
40.1
39.8
41.4
41.0
38.1
41.1
39.6
41.9
39.2
39.4
40.5
37.0
43.9
45.7
42.6
40.5
39.5
43.0
40.2
40.4
40.4
41.1
41.5
39.5
41.4
40.1
42.1
38.8
40.0
39.2
37.9
44.2
46.1
43.2
40.2
39.3
42.4
40.0
40.5
3.6
4.0
3.7
4.2
3.9
3.4
4.9
4.0
5.3
3.6
2.9
3.8
3.8
5.8
6.5
6.1
3.8
4.0
3.3
3.6
4.2
3.6
4.1
4.0
3.1
4.8
4.0
5.2
4.6
5.0
4.9
4.5
6.3
6.7
6.6
3.9
4.2
3.3
3.4
3.9
4.0
4.9
4.8
3.0
4.1
3.6
4.4
3.1
4.3
3.7
2.3
5.5
5.8
5.4
4.1
4.4
3.5
3.6
4.3
4.4
5.1
5.1
3.5
4.5
3.6
4.7
3.7
4.2
4.2
3.6
5.8
6.5
5.9
4.1
4.3
3.6
July
1988P
3.7
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
1972
SIC
Code
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
39
391
3911
393
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
June
1987
$12.87 $12.82 $13.31 $13.38 $13.30 $539.25
13.94 565.74
13.47
13.35
14.10
14.17
625.83
16.12
15.19
15.26
16.22
478.26
11.87
11.36
11.53
11.77
542.69
13.25
12.65
12.56
13.33
390.10
9.25
9.40
9.35
9.27
556.75
13.46
13.10
13.15
13.53
0
$13.16 $13.26 $13.64 $13.75
12.53
12.20
12.33
12.48
10.35
10.29
10.32
10.39
11.56
11.64
11.61
11.57
8.29
8.02
8.07
8.30
11.96
11.90
11.80
11.88
13.09
12.46
12.64
13.01
(2)
$10.60 $10.57 $10.26 $10.31
8.73
8.78
8.65
8.64
9.87
9.90
10.85
10.95
9.66
9.04
9.67
9.66
10.62
9.53
9.71
10.68
9.56
8.82
9.40
9.85
10.43
8.66
8.77
8.53
7.35
12.76
7.13
8.83
9.80
10.61
8.64
8.81
8.45
7.45
12.95
7.23
8.86
9.14
8.52
7.48
13.69
7.30
7.75
8.27
8.36
7.44
7.20
7.07
7.30
7.73
6.29
5.66
8.49
8.86
7.72
8.24
8.31
7.55
7.11
6.86
7.31
7.62
6.38
5.80
8.42
8.78
9.13
8.92
7.43
8.31
8.97
6.14
9.54
8.85
9.18
8.88
7.41
8.35
8.90
6.08
9.58
9.01
10.11
8.11
10.27
8.06
7.36
10.92
10.10
8.20
10.35
8.23
7.52
10.80
10.38
8.31
10.03
9.97
10.17
9.45
10.59
8.38
9.97
9.94
10.03
$556.67
522.16
416.75
467.93
328.02
496.23
524.57
May
June
1988P
July
1987
1988
$525.62
546.02
614.98
492.33
518.73
378.68
547.04
$572.33
624.63
714.12
512.78
590.95
372.78
566.67
$575.34 $555.94
627.73 586.87
718.55
507.29
595.85
385.63
566.91
$550.29
516.63
411.77
465.56
320.38
473.18
523.30
$568.79
536.64
421.83
473.21
331.17
501.34
556.83
$576.13
540.04
420.21
472.80
332.43
510.69
557.63
July
1988 P
$421.88 $416.46 $407.32 $412.40
| 329.25 332.16 335.23 337.85
396.17
441.08
388.14
348.79
388.40
390.04
437.13
347.33
355.92
338.85
298.75
554.26
300.05
406.64
448.11
398.96
356.18
410.84
400.14
449.86
363.26
375.65
346.76
300.70
573.61
283.24
410.85
452.24
402.27
364.98
409.64
400.25
468.93
362.44
375.74
344.21
296.91
588.82
295.57
410.64
13.63
7.28
10.04 400.89
437.54
394.54
349.27
403.26
401.88
438.06
352.46
360.45
343.76
299.15
566.54
299.46
7.94
8.61
8.75
7.92
7.21
6.99
7.37
7.83
6.65
6.13
8.69
9.08
7.93
8.59
8.73
7.95
7.13
6.92
7.28
7.82
6.73
6.23
8.72
9.07
8.00 305.35
316.74
315.17
309.50
282.24
271.49
290.54
315.38
236.50
199.80
339.60
354.40
299.54
306.53
301.65
311.06
274.45
259.31
286.55
309.37
229.68
197.78
335.12
345.93
309.66
323.74
319.38
321.55
280.47
261.43
295.54
314.77
253.37
228.65
343.26
359.57
312.44
320.41
314.28
318.00
280.92
262.27
294.84
318.27
262.47
233.00
348.80
362.80
310.40
9.38
9.39
9.15
7.64
9.12
7.63
9.46 367.94
9.14 357.69
8.53
9.07
6.34
9.08
6.33
9.79
9.19
10.23
374.26
366.92
304.07
353.14
371.87
241.55
403.19
366.30
427.38
335.94
417.25
348.30
289.34
487.73
491.28
367.64
412.29
401.72
438.60
377.48
368.45
308.25
350.58
376.82
250.04
405.31
368.52
430.68
326.70
423.60
331.63
283.11
492.83
495.58
371.09
414.06
404.00
437.57
378.40
370.17
8.53
367.20
355.20
293.44
341.52
364.01
233.47
398.53
355.90
427.65
309.80
409.77
296.61
277.47
485.94
497.73
370.40
393.82
388.65
406.22
9.38
9.88
10.56
9.81
9.25
10.20
8.57
10.59
8.60
7.82
11.11
10.75
8.63
10.18
10.17
10.20
9.24
9.31
9.81
10.78
8.84
9.12
8.52
7.46
8.42
10.59
8.46
7.47
11.15
10.75
8.59
10.30
10.28
10.32
295.71
338.22
367.77
238.23
401.63
355.77
435.31
314.88
401.58
300.40
290.27
476.28
482.67
364.81
401.20
389.83
430.19
See footnotes at end of table.
89
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
1972
SIC
Code
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
2.9
4.2
2.3
5.0
4.8
6.8
4.8
4.0
39.0
5.2
6.2
2.7
2.8
2.5
2.8
2.9
3.1
40.9
40.1
41.9
41.2
41.5
40.0
37.7
39.6
40.1
39.9
40.7
41.5
41.5
42.1
42.9
40.3
40.5
38.7
43.1
40.4
4.7
6.3
5.0
2.3
3.6
3.7
3.2
3.0
3.3
2.9
5.8
5.5
4.9
5.8
4.1
5.4
5.9
3.7
4.6
4.4
6.1
4.7
1.9
3.5
3.3
3.4
3.0
2.9
2.4
4.9
4.4
4.5
3.8
3.9
5.2
5.7
3.0
4.1
3.6
3.9
3.9
2.7
3.0
2.8
2.2
2.2
2.6
1.6
4.4
4.3
4.2
4.7
3.4
4.2
4.3
3.5
4.6
3.8
3.9
4.4
3.4
3.3
3.1
2.0
2.6
3.0
2.5
4.1
4.3
3.9
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.1
2.9
4.6
36.8
36.7
36.6
37.0
36.6
35.3
35.8
35.7
35.6
36.3
35.7
37.1
37.2
36.6
36.8
35.4
38.4
38.6
36.1
37.6
41.3
37.3
37.3
37.5
37.7
37.1
36.6
35.8
36.9
35.1
37.0
35.5
37.8
38.3
35.3
37.8
36.4
38.3
39.1
36.4
38.0
42.6
36.9
1.9
1.1
1.7
1.7
1.3
1.8
1.6
1.3
1.5
2.0
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.3
2.0
1.5
2.2
2.8
2.0
2.7
4.2
1.7
1.0
1.5
1.5
.8
1.7
1.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.6
1.2
1.2
1.1
2.0
1.5
1.8
2.4
1.4
3.1
3.2
1.6
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.1
1.4
1.8
1.6
1.3
1.1
2.5
1.4
1.1
2.2
2.4
1.2
1.6
4.8
1.8
1.4
1.6
1.4
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.2
1.8
1.3
1.8
2.8
1.5
2.1
6.1
43.1
45.4
45.6
45.1
41.5
43.2
41.0
41.1
42.2
41.4
42.6
43.6
43.0
44.9
45.1
44.3
41.5
42.9
40.8
41.1
42.6
42.0
43.0
43.6
43.0
5.1
6.3
6.5
7.8
3.8
4.6
2.8
4.0
4.6
4.5
4.9
4.4
5.2
6.7
6.9
7.3
4.0
4.5
3.1
4.4
4.5
4.2
4.8
4.7
4.9
6.4
6.5
8.4
3.6
3.8
2.7
4.1
4.2
3.9
4.4
4.9
6.1
6.3
7.4
3.7
3.9
2.6
4.1
4.3
4.2
4.6
4.6
2082
2086
209
40.0
40.3
39.3
43.0
41.6
43.6
41.4
38.5
Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes
21
211
41.2
42.2
37.3
36.9
39.5
39.5
39.8
40.0
Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
42.4
43.7
42.7
43.3
41.3
40.6
39.3
40.0
39.9
40.3
42.9
42.9
42.7
43.3
44.1
43.0
43.9
38.5
42.9
41.6
42.8
42.3
41.2
40.3
39.9
38.8
39.1
40.0
38.4
42.0
41.7
42.8
40.6
43.3
42.5
43.3
37.4
42.4
40.7
40.0
41.3
41.3
40.9
39.5
38.2
38.7
39.2
38.6
41.1
41.7
41.7
42.2
42.1
40.5
40.7
39.0
43.1
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2391
2392
2396
37.3
36.2
37.9
38.2
37.1
37.6
35.7
36.0
35.6
36.0
35.7
37.9
38.4
35.1
38.2
36.8
39.0
39.0
38.5
39.3
39.4
36.9
36.1
37.4
37.7
36.8
37.1
35.6
35.3
35.7
36.3
35.5
37.2
37.9
33.4
37.8
36.1
38.1
38.1
37.6
38.5
38.8
Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654
43.3
45.3
45.6
44.0
41.9
44.4
41.1
41.8
42.8
42.8
43.2
42.7
43.2
45.6
45.8
43.6
42.2
44.2
41.7
42.0
42.0
41.6
42.5
42.0
See footnotes at end of table.
90
236
2361
238
239
June
1988P
2.3
3.2
1.9
4.9
4.3
6.5
3.9
3.3
39.2
40.4
38.1
42.4
41.0
43.2
40.7
37.6
2341
2342
May
1988
2.4
4.4
1.8
5.1
4.3
5.3
4.5
4.3
39.1
40.9
37.5
41.7
41.4
43.3
41.5
39.1
2339
234
July
1987
2.4
4.1
1.7
5.2
4.5
5.4
4.8
3.8
39.3
40.7
37.9
41.4
41.6
42.7
42.1
38.5
2281
2282
229
June
1987
July
1988P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
1972
SIC
Code
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
$368.24
450.96
308.13
393.71
495.04
716.51
397.42
314.55
July
1988P
$367.54
451.54
309.75
397.40
491.42
717.05
393.01
321.01
$372.79
443.19
320.04
393.90
494.46
724.03
390.31
322.23
$377.60
449.75
325.80
402.05
502.11
745.12
397.85
328.02
565.84
636.89
601.98
692.04
628.04 $629.46
718.80
June
1988P
July
1988P
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209
$9.37
11.08
8.13
9.51
11.90
16.78
9.44
8.17
$9.40
11.04
8.26
9.53
11.87
16.56
9.47
8.21
$9.51
10.97
8.40
9.29
12.06
16.76
9.59
8.57
$9.44
11.16
8.29
9.35
12.07
17.09
9.61
8.52
Tobacco manufactures .
Cigarettes
21
211
15.85
17.90
15.17
17.26
15.24
17.52
15.78 $16.14 653.02
17.97
755.38
Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool .
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks .
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
7.13
7.51
7.70
7.69
6.69
6.50
6.38
6.16
6.41
6.14
7.17
7.52
7.52
7.78
7.41
6.75
6.73
6.91
8.09
7.13
7.5;
7.70
7.57
6.73
6.52
6.48
6.19
6.45
6.13
7.1
7.40
7.43
7.60
7.42
6.78
6.76
6.92
8.05
7.31
7.63
7.92
7.95
6.72
6.61
6.50
6.35
6.33
6.39
7.44
7.72
7.73
7.99
7.63
7.02
6.99
7.26
8.26
7.33
7.65
7.98
8.04
6.77
6.60
6.47
6.37
6.29
6.41
7.43
7.77
7.77
8.08
7.65
6.98
6.97
7.13
8.30
7.30 302.31
328.19
328.79
332.98
276.30
263.90
250.73
246.40
255.76
247.44
307.59
322.61
321.10
336.87
326.78
290.25
295.45
266.04
347.06
296.61
321.86
325.71
311.88
271.22
260.15
251.42
242.03
258.00
235.39
299.46
308.58
318.00
308.56
321.29
288.15
292.71
258.81
341.32
297.52
305.20
327.10
328.34
274.85
261.10
248.30
245.75
248.14
246.65
305.78
321.92
322.34
337.18
321.22
284.31
284.49
283.14
356.01
299.80
306.77
334.36
331.25
280.96
264.00
243.92
252.25
252.23
255.76
302.40
322.46
322.46
340.17
328.19
281.29
282.29
275.93
357.73
294.92
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
5.89
6.65
5.45
5.20
5.36
5.56
5.67
5.00
6.04
6.53
5.48
5.47
5.31
6.43
5.28
5.11
5.67
7.10
5.82
6.10
10.64
5.87
6.62
5.43
5.21
5.28
5.56
5.71
5.05
6.10
6.57
5.50
5.49
5.33
6.47
5.27
5.12
5.64
6.98
5.73
6.08
10.47
6.05
6.78
5.55
5.44
5.38
5.58
5.85
5.11
6.16
6.51
5.74
5.66
5.49
6.62
5.37
5.35
5.89
7.31
5.97
6.16
11.17
6.08
6.81
5.55
5.40
5.42
5.59
5.88
5.12
6.20
6.61
5.76
5.66
5.52
6.48
5.42
5.41
5.90
7.41
6.10
6.23
11.43
6.02 219.70
240.73
206.56
198.64
198.86
209.06
202.42
180.00
215.02
235.08
195.64
207.31
203.90
225.69
201.70
188.05
221.13
276.90
224.07
239.73
419.22
216.60
238.98
203.08
196.42
194.30
206.28
203.28
178.27
217.77
238.49
195.25
204.23
202.01
216.10
199.21
184.83
214.88
265.94
215.45
234.08
406.24
222.64
248.83
203.13
201.28
196.91
196.97
209.43
182.43
219.30
236.31
204.92
209.99
204.23
242.29
197.62
189.39
226.18
282.17
215.52
231.62
461.32
226.78
254.01
208.13
203.58
201.08
204.59
210.50
188.93
217.62
244.57
204.48
213.95
211.42
228.74
204.88
196.92
225.97
289.73
222.04
236.74
486.92
222.14
Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper.,
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654
11.42
13.93
14.00
14.45
9.91
10.93
9.14
9.24
9.78
10.20
9.98
9.23
11.49
14.08
14.16
14.36
9.97
11.00
9.25
9.29
9.80
10.19
10.01
9.32
11.64
14.25
14.31
14.62
10.11
11.29
9.63
9.36
9.90
10.30
10.03
9.72
11.63
14.32
14.39
14.34
10.06
11.23
9.51
9.32
9.96
10.32
10.14
9.69
11.74 494.49
631.03
638.40
635.80
415.23
485.29
375.65
386.23
418.58
436.56
431.14
394.12
496.37
642.05
648.53
626.10
420.73
486.20
385.73
390.18
411.60
423.90
425.43
391.44
501.68
646.95
652.54
659.36
419.57
487.73
394.83
384.70
417.78
426.42
427.28
423.79
500.09
642.97
648.99
635.26
417.49
481.77
388.01
383.05
424.30
433.44
436.02
422.48
504.82
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes .
.
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes .
Sanitary food containers
See footnotes at end of table.
91
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
1972
SIC
Code
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee . 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products
Average weekly hours
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
Average overtime hours
July
1988P
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
37.6
33.4
38.0
37.9
37.9
37.8
36.5
39.0
39.0
38.9
41.8
38.6
38.0
37.9
33.4
38.1
38.8
38.4
39.4
36.5
39.4
39.2
39.3
41.8
38.4
38.6
37.5
33.2
37.9
39.5
38.7
40.8
35.7
38.7
38.7
38.5
41.3
38.7
38.4
37.6
33.6
37.7
38.6
38.1
39.3
35.7
38.7
38.8
38.5
42.1
38.7
38.9
37.8
2.7
1.5
2.9
3.3
2.9
3.9
2.2
3.1
2.8
3.1
3.6
2.4
3.3
2.9
1.4
2.8
3.5
3.1
4.2
2.2
3.4
2.8
3.5
4.2
2.4
4.0
2.8
1.3
3.1
3.7
3.2
4.7
1.9
3.2
2.9
3.3
3.8
2.8
3.7
2.6
1.4
3.0
2.8
2.2
3.8
1.7
2.9
2.7
2.9
4.6
2.7
4.2
42.2
42.2
42.7
42.7
43.5
42.1
41.8
41.8
41.2
43.6
41.7
39.5
42.0
43.7
43.2
43.8
42.7
41.4
41.9
42.1
42.7
42.5
43.0
42.5
41.1
40.9
41.0
44.5
41.7
38.6
42.2
43.7
42.8
43.9
42.0
41.0
42.0
42.6
42.6
43.1
43.4
42.8
40.8
40.7
39.9
43.8
41.0
37.2
42.2
43.7
41.7
44.2
43.4
42.0
42.4
43.1
43.3
43.5
44.0
43.1
41.2
41.0
40.3
44.0
42.0
37.6
42.4
43.7
42.3
44.1
44.0
42.0
42.0
3.9
3.8
3.8
4.3
4.4
4.0
3.1
3.1
3.3
5.1
3.3
2.2
4.0
5.1
5.6
4.9
4.3
3.2
3.9
4.1
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.0
2.7
2.7
3.5
5.9
3.4
2.1
4.3
5.3
5.7
5.2
3.8
3.4
4.0
4.0
3.9
4.7
4.9
4.4
2.9
2.9
3.1
4.7
3.0
2.3
4.0
5.1
4.4
5.3
5.2
3.6
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.9
5.1
4.6
2.9
3.0
3.6
4.8
3.6
2.9
4.3
5.2
5.4
5.1
5.6
3.7
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
43.6
43.2
46.0
44.9
44.7
47.2
44.1
43.8
46.6
45.0
44.9
46.8
45.2
4.8
4.0
8.5
5.2
4.4
9.1
5.3
4.8
8.6
5.9
5.4
9.0
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
30
301
302
41.8
43.7
43.0
41.0
44.2
41.8
41.6
45.2
39.7
41.7
44.7
39.3
41.3
4.1
5.4
3.3
3.9
6.2
3.1
4.1
6.1
1.6
4.2
6.2
1.4
303,4
306
307
42.3
41.7
41.5
41.7
40.5
40.6
43.9
41.6
41.1
44.2
41.9
41.3
3.5
3.7
4.0
4.1
3.3
3.7
4.2
3.7
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.1
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
31
311
39.5
42.1
39.7
39.3
40.2
40.0
37.0
38.7
40.8
39.2
38.9
39.9
38.2
36.1
37.6
41.2
37.3
37.4
37.1
39.7
35.6
37.9
41.3
37.8
37.3
38.2
39.9
36.3
37.7
2.6
4.3
2.7
2.1
3.4
2.2
2.3
2.3
3.1
2.4
2.0
3.3
2.6
2.1
1.9
4.0
1.6
.9
2.1
2.8
2.0
2.1
4.1
1.9
1.1
2.8
3.5
1.5
39.2
39.6
39.2
39.5
39.7
314
3143
3144
316
317
Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3
4011
43.6
44.1
45.0
45.2
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation
41
411
413
33.9
38.1
38.6
36.3
38.6
39.9
34.3
38.4
39.4
34.5
38.7
40.8
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
42
421,3
422
38.8
38.8
38.7
38.8
38.7
39.1
38.0
38.0
38.3
38.8
38.8
38.7
Pipe lines, except natural gas
46
41.1
43.4
40.9
41.9
See footnotes at end of table.
92
July
1988P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
1972
SIC
Code
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee . 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products
Average hourly earnings
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
Average weekly earnings
July
1988P
June
1987
$10.19 $10.24 $10.43 $10.44 $10.47 $383.14
341.01
10.21 10.26 10.45 10.47
402.42
10.59 10.59 10.83 10.85
353.99
9.31
9.30
9.39
9.34
338.07
8.96
8.95
8.93
8.92
379.89
9.86
9.85
10.05 10.12
339.09
9.83
9.75
9.37
9.29
406.77
10.43 10.49 10.72 10.69
392.73
10.07 10.06 10.32 10.35
410.78
10.56 10.62 10.85 10.77
447.26
10.70 10.81 10.92 11.16
312.27
8.28
8.32
8.08
8.09
472.34
12.43 12.52 12.82 12.82
May
June
1988P
July
1987
1988
$388.10
342.68
403.48
364.33
342.91
398.73
342.01
413.31
394.35
417.37
451.86
310.27
483.27
$391.13
346.94
410.46
367.35
346.37
401.88
348.08
414.86
399.38
417.73
451.00
321.98
492.29
$392.54 $395.77
351.79
409.05
359.37
341.38
387.50
350.93
413.70
401.58
414.65
469.84
320.44
498.70
July
1988 P
12.28
13.49
13.59
12.57
13.50
11.99
11.58
11.23
10.77
13.92
9.96
9.15
10.77
14.83
14.72
14.86
11.72
11.22
12.37
13.60
13.73
12.58
13.51
12.02
11.59
11.31
10.88
13.96
10.07
9.19
10.81
14.93
14.69
14.99
11.93
11.38
12.59
13.73
13.75
12.99
13.84
12.45
12.00
11.67
11.02
14.41
10.26
9.29
11.21
14.99
14.80
15.04
11.89
11.39
12.60
13.82
13.86
13.01
13.76
12.49
11.96
11.73
10.94
14.23
10.38
9.24
11.17
15.03
15.00
15.04
12.19
11.49
12.71 518.22
518.30
572.56
586.27
534.65
580.93
510.85
476.35
462.58
446.08
621.22
419.92
354.73
456.18
652.44
628.73
658.06
501.06
466.58
528.78
584.90
585.75
559.87
600.66
532.86
489.60
474.97
439.70
631.16
420.66
345.59
473.06
655.06
617.16
664.77
516.03
478.38
534.24
595.64
600.14
565.94
605.44
538.32
492.75
480.93
440.88
626.12
435.96
347.42
473.61
656.81
634.50
663.26
536.36
482.58
533.82
569.28
580.29
536.74
587.25
504.78
484.04
469.41
443.72
606.91
415.33
361.43
452.34
648.07
635.90
650.87
500.44
464.51
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
14.44
15.65
11.40
14.51
15.69
11.38
14.93
16.14
11.59
15.04
16.26
11.59
15.24 629.58
676.08
524.40
651.50
701.34
537.14
658.41
706.93
540.09
676.80
730.07
542.41
688.85
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
30
301
302
8.89
14.03
6.07
8.96
14.39
6.04
9.04
14.20
6.29
9.06
14.24
6.35
9.10 371.60
613.11
261.01
367.36
636.04
252.47
376.06
641.84
249.71
377.80
636.53
249.56
375.83
303,4
306
307
8.96
8.61
8.29
8.96
8.69
8.29
9.19
8.77
8.44
9.18
8.79
8.47
379.01
359.04
344.04
373.63
351.95
336.57
403.44
364.83
346.88
405.76
368.30
349.81
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
6.09
8.11
5.71
6.09
5.39
6.39
5.93
5.99
8.05
5.70
6.17
5.34
6.21
5.82
6.27
8.49
5.94
6.25
5.67
6.27
6.10
6.27
8.42
5.96
6.28
5.69
6.33
6.01
6.26 240.56
231.81
328.44
223.44
240.01
213.07
237.22
210.10
235.75
349.79
221.56
233.75
210.36
248.92
217.16
237.63
347.75
225.29
234.24
217.36
252.57
218.16
236.00
341.43
226.69
239.34
216.68
255.60
219.41
11.94
12.00
12.28
12.29
12.31 468.05
475.20
481.38
485.46
488.71
4011
14.14
14.11
15.11
15.11
616.50
622.25
679.95
682.97
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation
41
411
8.52
9.10
11.52
8.37
8.94
11.16
8.46
413
8.21
8.81
11.52
278.32
335.66
444.67
309.28
351.26
459.65
287.09
343.30
439.70
291.87
347.91
461.45
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
42
421,3
422
10.77
10.93
8.52
10.72
10.97
11.13
8.85
10.93
10.89
8.44
11.08
8.80
417.88
424.08
329.72
415.94
421.44
330.00
416.86
422.94
338.96
424.08
429.90
340.56
Pipe lines, except natural gas
46
15.24
14.97
15.90
15.57
626.36
649.70
650.31
652.38
Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3
8.99
11.31
See footnotes at end of table.
93
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
1972
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
48
481
483
39.8
41.1
36.3
40.4
42.0
35.9
39.6
41.1
35.6
41.5
41.2
40.4
42.4
43.4
41.5
41.3
40.5
42.5
43.1
41.2
41.3
40.4
41.2
42.7
41.6
41.4
41.1
42.2
42.4
38.3
38.2
38.0
38.2
38.8
38.3
37.2
39.4
36.2
40.7
38.6
38.6
39.2
37.8
38.6
38.5
36.8
39.5
36.4
40.4
38.3
38.6
38.9
37.7
38.4
38.0
37.1
39.5
35.4
40.2
38.0
38.1
38.7
37.6
38.6
38.2
37.4
39.9
35.7
40.3
37.9
38.7
38.9
37.9
37.6
36.9
37.1
36.6
38.1
39.3
39.2
36.1
37.1
37.6
36.9
37.6
36.5
38.2
39.2
39.1
36.3
37.0
37.4
36.7
36.6
36.5
37.7
39.7
38.4
35.8
37.4
37.5
37.0
36.9
36.7
38.0
40.0
38.5
36.2
37.0
29.6
30.0
28.9
29.4
492
493
495
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
51
511
512
513
514
516
509
517
518
519
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores
52
521
525
37.2
38.9
33.6
37.4
39.3
33.8
36.6
38.4
32.8
36.9
38.9
33.4
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
53
531
533
539
28.6
28.3
29.5
31.2
29.1
28.8
30.1
31.7
27.3
27.0
28.9
28.8
27.9
27.6
29.3
29.8
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
546
30.6
30.9
27.7
31.0
31.2
28.1
29.9
30.0
28.2
30.8
30.9
28.9
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
55
551,2
553
554
36.7
37.5
39.5
34.2
36.9
37.4
39.6
34.7
36.3
37.2
38.3
34.1
36.8
37.5
38.9
34.8
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
27.0
30.2
25.7
27.0
28.1
27.8
30.6
26.4
27.7
29.1
26.4
28.3
24.7
26.3
27.8
27.1
29.2
25.3
27.2
28.8
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
57
571
572
573
33.0
33.1
34.1
32.5
33.3
33.4
34.4
32.9
32.6
33.2
33.3
31.3
32.9
33.4
33.8
31.8
Eating and drinking places4
58
26.2
26.7
25.7
26.1
See footnotes at end of table.
94
July
1988P
39.8
41.4
35.9
49
491
Average overtime hours
38.3
30.0
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
<
48
481
483
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
$12.35 $12.42 $12.60 $12.67
13.07 13.16 13.30 13.32
10.82 10.72 11.31 11.62
July
1988P
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
$491.53 $501.77 $498.96 $504.27
537.18 552.72 546.63 551.45
392.77 384.85 402.64 417.16
Wholesale trade
13.65
13.78
12.84
15.99
9.99
13.67
13.81
12.90
15.93
10.10
14.23
14.40
13.32
16.67
10.82
14.09
14.22
13.15
16.57
10.77
566.48
567.74
518.74
677.98
433.57
567.31
570.35
522.45
677.03
435.31
586.28
594.72
538.13
686.80
462.01
586.14
588.71
540.47
699.25
456.65
9.54
49
491
492
493
495
9.56
9.87
9.85
$9.94 365.38
365.19
375.06
376.27 $380.70
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
9.69
8.70
8.90
9.13
9.71
10.37
9.97
9.20
10.33
7.81
9.70
8.65
8.93
9.23
9.73
10.36
9.98
9.22
10.35
7.80
10.09
9.11
9.46
9.57
9.84
10.60
10.50
9.54
10.74
7.92
10.06
9.08
9.41
9.64
9.59
10.63
10.43
9.47
10.71
7.95
375.97
333.21
331.08
359.72
351.50
422.06
384.84
355.12
404.94
295.22
374.42
333.03
328.62
364.59
354.17
418.54
382.23
355.89
402.62
294.06
387.46
346.18
350.97
378.02
348.34
426.12
399.00
363.47
415.64
297.79
388.32
346.86
351.93
384.64
342.36
428.39
395.30
366.49
416.62
301.31
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519
9.34
9.97
10.87
9.11
9.46
12.02
9.56
11.03
7.69
9.36
9.98
10.79
9.14
9.50
12.10
9.49
11.02
7.66
9.54
10.33
11.12
9.48
9.70
12.13
9.67
11.15
7.78
9.53
10.22
11.03
9.45
9.67
12.15
9.65
11.06
7.79
351.18
367.89
403.28
333.43
360.43
472.39
374.75
398.18
285.30
351.94
368.26
405.70
333.61
362.90
474.32
371.06
400.03
283.42
356.80
379.11
406.99
346.02
365.69
481.56
371.33
399.17
290.97
357.38
378.14
407.01
346.82
367.46
486.00
371.53
400.37
288.23
6.08
6.07
6.28
6.26
6.28 179.97
182.10
181.49
184.04
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores
52
521
525
6.93
7.29
5.90
6.97
7.30
5.94
7.29
7.73
6.18
7.31
7.69
6.18
257.80
283.58
198.24
260.68
286.89
200.77
266.81
296.83
202.70
269.74
299.14
206.41
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
53
531
533
539
6.45
6.77
4.82
4.95
6.42
6.73
4.82
4.91
6.52
6.81
4.96
5.31
6.52
6.82
4.92
5.27
184.47
191.59
142.19
154.44
186.82
193.82
145.08
155.65
178.00
183.87
143.34
152.93
181.91
188.23
144.16
157.05
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
546
6.90
7.03
5.61
6.89
7.03
5.57
7.00
7.11
5.98
6.94
7.05
5.99
211.14
217.23
155.40
213.59
219.34
156.52
209.30
213.30
168.64
213.75
217.85
173.11
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
55
551,2
553
554
7.85
9.64
6.67
5.49
7.87
9.67
6.68
5.54
8.29
10.19
7.04
5.76
8.27
10.20
7.01
5.75
288.10
361.50
263.47
187.76
290.40
361.66
264.53
192.24
300.93
379.07
269.63
196.42
304.34
382.50
272.69
200.10
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
5.58
6.71
5.19
5.60
5.58
5.53
6.54
5.13
5.53
5.58
5.78
7.12
5.45
5.58
5.92
5.79
7.06
5.45
5.66
5.92
150.66
202.64
133.38
151.20
156.80
153.73
200.12
135.43
153.18
162.38
152.59
201.50
134.62
146.75
164.58
156.91
206.15
137.89
153.95
170.50
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
57
571
572
573
7.44
7.57
7.39
7.23
7.50
7.64
7.51
7.27
7.78
7.89
7.73
7.60
7.83
7.94
7.88
7.61
245.52
250.57
252.00
234.98
249.75
255.18
258.34
239.18
253.63
261.95
257.41
237.88
257.61
265.20
266.34
242.00
Eating and drinking places4
58
4.39
4.39
4.53
4.52
115.02
117.21
116.42
188.40
117.97
See footnotes at end of table.
95
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
1972
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
591
594
596
598
599
Finance, insurance, and real estate5
30.5
28.6
29.0
33.1
37.9
32.1
30.7
28.9
29.5
33.0
37.8
31.8
29.8
27.3
28.2
31.9
37.7
32.4
36.2
35.8
35.9
July
1988P
30.1
27.7
29.0
32.0
38.1
31.9
36.4
59
Average overtime hours
Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
60
602
36.2
36.2
36.2
36.2
35.4
35.3
35.7
35.6
Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions
61
612
614
37.0
36.5
36.7
36.4
35.9
36.6
36.1
35.7
36.1
36.3
35.8
36.5
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
63
631
632
633
37.4
36.9
37.8
37.4
37.1
36.8
37.6
36.9
37.1
36.6
37.5
37.2
37.1
36.6
37.6
37.1
32.7
32.8
32.4
32.7
36.2
Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4
701
31.0
31.1
31.4
31.5
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
721
723
34.4
29.7
34.2
29.5
34.5
30.1
34.3
30.1
Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services
73
731
734
737
33.8
36.7
29.2
37.7
33.6
36.8
28.7
37.6
33.7
36.4
29.2
37.7
34.1
36.7
29.2
37.6
Auto repair, services, and garages
75
753
36.8
38.3
37.1
38.6
36.4
37.5
36.7
38.1
76
38.0
38.1
38.0
38.3
78
781
29.1
37.3
30.5
39.0
27.8
36.7
28.5
36.7
79
29.0
30.5
27.9
28.6
80
801
802
805
806
32.4
30.8
28.1
31.6
34.3
32.6
30.8
28.3
32.0
34.4
32.2
31.0
28.0
31.5
33.8
32.4
31.1
28.4
31.6
34.1
81
34.9
34.7
34.3
34.8
891
893
38.5
39.7
37.0
38.3
39.5
36.8
37.6
38.9
36.1
38.0
39.4
36.4
Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
See footnotes at end of table.
33.0
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
1972
SIC
Code
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
$192.15
167.02
170.23
238.65
336.17
208.65
$193.72
170.51
172.28
240.24
335.66
207.65
$194.89
169.81
173.99
235.74
342.32
212.87
$196.85
172.29
177.48
238.40
343.28
212.45
June
1988 P
Finance, insurance, and real estate5
$6.30
5.84
5.87
7.21
8.87
6.50
$6.31
5.90
5.84
7.28
8.88
6.53
$6.54
6.22
6.17
7.39
9.08
6.57
$6.54
6.22
6.12
7.45
9.01
6.66
8.63
59
591
594
596
598
599
8.63
9.09
8.96
$9.00 314.13
312.41
325.42
321.66
Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
60
602
7.45
7.23
7.42
7.19
7.87
7.59
7.79
7.52
269.69
261.73
268.60
260.28
278.60
267.93
61
612
614
7.89
7.37
7.41
7.91
7.42
7.44
8.24
7.70
7.74
8.16
7.64
7.68
291.93
269.01
271.95
287.92
266.38
272.30
297.46
274.89
279.41
296.21
273.51
280.32
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
63
631
632
633
9.41
8.72
9.38
9.88
9.53
8.88
9.48
9.95
10.14
9.60
9.89
10.65
10.10
9.53
9.78
10.63
351.93
321.77
354.56
369.51
353.56
326.78
356.45
367.16
376.19
351.36
370.88
396.18
374.71
348.80
367.73
394.37
8.37
8.34
8.84
8.78
8.80 273.70
273.55
286.42
287.11
$325.80
278.10
267.71
Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions
July
1988 P
Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4
701
6.10
6.01
6.42
6.36
189.10
186.91
201.59
200.34
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
721
723
6.17
6.54
6.18
6.44
6.31
6.81
6.31
6.92
212.25
194.24
211.36
189.98
217.70
204.98
216.43
208.29
Business services
,
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services
73
731
734
737
8.69
11.79
6.71
12.13
8.71
11.69
6.74
12.12
9.08
12.46
6.84
12.71
9.05
12.21
6.94
12.70
293.72
432.69
195.93
457.30
292.66
430.19
193.44
455.71
306.00
453.54
199.73
479.17
308.61
448.11
202.65
477.52
Auto repair, services, and garages
75
753
7.79
8.39
7.78
8.40
8.10
8.76
8.12
8.77
286.67
321.34
288.64
324.24
294.84
328.50
298.00
334.14
76
9.06
9.16
9.58
9.51
346.09
351.74
364.04
364.23
78
781
10.95
15.52
10.73
15.15
11.44
15.75
11.26
15.87
318.65
578.90
327.27
590.85
318.03
578.03
320.91
582.43
79
6.48
6.23
7.44
6.82
187.92
190.02
207.58
195.05
80
801
802
805
806
8.61
8.32
8.42
5.96
9.73
8.68
8.39
8.41
6.01
9.82
9.15
8.78
8.90
6.24
10.40
9.16
8.72
8.86
6.28
10.42
278.96
256.26
236.60
188.34
333.74
282.97
258.41
238.00
192.32
337.81
294.63
272.18
249.20
196.56
351.52
296.78
271.19
251.62
198.45
355.32
81
11.88
11.89
12.71
12.61
414.61
412.58
435.95
438.83
89
891
893
11.95
12.79
10.24
11.99
12.80
10.36
12.57
13.32
10.91
12.41
13.10
10.77
460.08
507.76
378.88
459.22
505.60
381.25
472.63
518.15
393.85
290.40
471.58
516.14
392.03
Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
' Money payments only; tips, not included.
5
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this
division.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.
97
A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing
ing agreement using lump-sum payments, were published in the
June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table C-2a along with the average hourly
earnings series produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
Lump-sum payments are but one of several recent changes in the
way that employees are compensated. The changes are widespread
and they differ by industry. Because of these developments, the
Bureau is conducting a broad-based review of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings and wage programs to determine the
proper treatment of lump-sum payments and other new compensation practices.
For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' average hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft manufacturing (sic 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles manufacturing (sic 3761) have
been used to escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not capture
"lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases"
which were negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry, BLS
has calculated average hourly earnings series for sic 3721 and sic
3761 which include lump-sum payments. These series, beginning
in October 1983, the effective date of the first aerospace bargain-
C-2a. Average hourly earnings In aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series
Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
May
1987
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
May
1987
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments
$13.72
$13.71
$14.04
$14.10
$12.76
$12.83
$13.40
$13.51
Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments
14.37
14.37
14.50
14.56
13.06
13.13
13.67
13.79
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum payments for
guided missiles and space vehicles have been revised to incorporate
98
corrected data from respondents as follows: December 1987, $13.75;
January 1988, $13.56; February 1988, $13.62; March 1988, $13.65; and
April 1988, $13.65.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
$9.44
$9.45
$9.70
$9.70
$9.73
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
9.95
8.03
7.41
9.69
11.28
9.54
10.20
9.48
12.28
9.33
7.51
9.95
8.07
7.42
9.70
11.29
9.52
10.21
9.54
12.26
9.41
7.51
10.19
8.16
7.63
9.84
11.42
9.76
10.39
9.76
12.61
9.54
7.71
10.19
8.20
7.64
9.86
11.43
9.78
10.40
9.76
12.66
9.54
7.69
10.22
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
8.74
8.50
8.78
8.44
14.65
6.78
5.74
10.84
9.87
8.99
8.73
8.99
8.67
15.23
7.00
5.94
11.01
$9.05
Industry
Manufacturing
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
"• = preliminary.
14.91
6.76
5.74
10.79
9.84
11.74
13.69
8.48
5.89
11.82
13.71
8.56
5.82
14.77
7.00
5.92
11.01
10.06
12.02
14.08
June
1988P
July
1988P
10.08
12.01
8.61
14.11
8.62
6.11
6.10
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are
subject to revision.
99
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workerson private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars.
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Average weekly earnings
July
1988P
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
$8.91
4.83
$8.90
4.81
$9.26
4.85
$9.23
4.82
$9.25
Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
12.52
6.79
12.41
6.71
12.54
6.57
12.55
6.55
$12.61
529.60
287.05
521.22
281.89
529.19
277.35
534.63
279.03
$532.14
Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
12.66
6.86
12.60
6.81
12.87
6.75
12.87
6.72
$12.94
482.35
261.44
486.36
263.04
491.63
257.67
498.07
259.95
$498.19
Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
9.87
5.35
9.87
5.34
10.14
5.31
10.16
5.30
$10.18
405.66
219.87
400.72
216.72
414.73
217.36
418.59
218.47
$414.33
11.94
6.47
12.00
6.49
12.28
6.44
12.29
6.41
$12.31
468.05
253.69
475.20
257.00
481.38
252.30
485.46
253.37
$488.71
Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
9.54
5.17
9.56
5.17
9.87
5.17
9.85
5.14
$9.94
365.38
198.04
365.19
197.51
375.06
196.57
376.27
196.38
$380.70
Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
6.08
3.30
6.07
3.28
6.28
3.29
6.26
3.27
$6.28
179.97
97.54
182.10
98.49
181.49
95.12
184.04
96.05
$188.40
Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
8.63
4.68
8.63
4.67
9.09
4.76
8.96
4.68
$9.00
314.13
170.26
312.41
168.96
325.42
170.56
321.66
167.88
$325.80
Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
8.37
4.54
8.34
4.51
8.84
4.63
8.78
4.58
$8.80
273.70
148.35
273.55
147.94
286.42
150.12
287.11
149.85
$290.40
Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
1
= preliminary.
100
June
1988P
0
0
June
1987
July
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
July
1988P
$311.85 $311.50 $320.40 $323.05 $324.68
169.02 168.47 167.92 168.61
0
0
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1987
1988
Industry
July
Total private
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Junep
Julyp
Aug.
Sept.
34.8
34.8
34.6
34.9
34.8
34.6
34.7
34.8
34.6
34.9
34.7
34.7
34.9
41.0
3.8
41.6
3.8
40.6
40.0
42.3
43.2
43.7
41.5
42.5
40.9
41.8
41.8
41.5
39.5
41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
40.5
40.0
42.2
43.3
43.7
41.5
42.3
40.9
41.8
41.9
41.6
39.7
40.6
3.7
41.0
3.7
39.6
39.5
42.0
43.2
44.6
40.9
41.7
40.4
41.4
41.5
41.0
38.9
41.2
3.9
41.8
4.0
40.4
40.1
42.5
43.6
43.9
41.9
42.6
41.0
42.4
42.8
41.9
39.5
41.2
3.9
41.8
4.0
40.7
40.2
42.4
43.5
43.8
42.1
42.7
41.0
42.3
42.9
41.4
39.2
41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
40.4
39.8
42.5
43.4
44.0
41.7
42.6
40.9
41.5
41.4
41.2
39.2
41.1
3.9
41.6
4.0
40.2
39.6
42.0
43.4
44.0
41.8
42.7
41.1
42.0
42.1
41.8
39.1
41.0
3.7
41.5
3.8
40.3
39.5
42.3
43.1
43.8
41.6
42.6
40.9
42.0
42.3
41.3
39.3
40.9
3.7
41.5
3.8
40.1
39.3
42.3
43.3
43.7
41.6
42.5
40.9
42.1
42.3
41.4
39.2
41.2
3.9
42.0
4.2
40.6
39.5
42.5
43.5
43.8
42.0
42.8
41.2
43.0
44.1
41.8
39.4
41.0
3.9
41.8
4.2
40.1
39.5
42.3
43.6
43.9
41.9
42.6
41.0
43.0
44.0
41.4
39.2
41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
40.2
39.3
42.4
43.6
44.3
42.0
42.4
41.1
43.0
44.3
41.4
39.4
41.1
3.9
41.7
4.0
40.4
39.4
42.2
43.4
43.7
41.6
42.9
40.8
42.7
43.0
41.6
39.5
40.3
3.7
40.1
2
()
40.3
3.7
40.2
2
()
42.0
37.2
43.4
38.1
42.4
(2)
41.6
40.1
3.6
40.2
2
()
40.3
3.7
40.4
40.3
3.7
40.5
2
()
41.5
37.1
43.3
38.0
42.5
40.2
3.6
40.3
2
()
40.0
3.6
40.1
40.1
3.6
40.4
(2)
40.8
36.8
43.3
37.7
42.0
(2)
40.6
37.0
43.1
38.0
42.4
40.3
3.8
40.6
2
()
41.6
37.0
43.3
38.1
42.4
(2)
41.6
40.1
3.6
40.1
2
()
41.2
37.0
43.2
38.1
42.5
(2)
41.7
40.3
3.6
40.1
2
()
41.4
36.4
43.7
38.1
42.5
(2)
41.3
37.8
40.4
3.8
40.4
2
()
41.8
37.3
43.6
38.1
42.5
(2)
41.8
38.8
(2)
41.7
(2)
41.6
(2)
41.9
37.8
37.9
37.3
36.9
37.4
39.1
39.3
39.4
39.3
39.4
38.0
38.2
38.0
38.0
38.2
29.5
29.2
29.0
29.1
29.3
32.5
32.5
32.7
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
42.3
37.2
43.5
38.1
42.2
(2)
41.6
38.4
Transportation and public utilities
39.3
Wholesale trade
38.1
Retail trade
29.3
38.9
39.3
38.2
29.4
41.8
(2)
41.6
40.3
3.8
40.6
2
()
41.5
36.8
43.4
38.1
42.5
(2)
41.7
38.3
38.0
38.0
(2)
41.6
37.1
43.5
38.0
42.5
(2)
39.2
38.2
39.1
38.0
39.5
38.1
39.1
38.2
41.6
37.4
43.3
38.2
42.1
(2)
42.0
37.3
41.1
37.2
43.3
38.0
42.3
39.5
38.8
38.3
38.1
29.2
29.2
28.8
29.0
29.1
29.0
32.6
32.5
32.6
32.7
32.4
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
32.7
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are
subject to revision.
101
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
1988
1987
Industry
Junep
Julyp
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Total private
121.1
121.6
121.1
122.5
122.8
122.5
123.0
123.9
123.6
125.1
124.4
125.4
126.3
Goods-producing
99.3
99.6
98.0
101.0
101.2
101.3
100.5
101.1
101.6
102.7
102.1
103.2
103.4
81.9
82.9
82.7
85.0
84.1
84.0
81.7
82.5
83.2
85.9
84.4
85.2
85.2
133.0
133.9
127.0
136.7
136.4
137.7
132.1
136.0
139.1
141.1
139.3
144.0
142.1
93.6
93.8
93.2
94.8
95.1
95.0
95.2
95.2
95.2
96.1
95.7
96.1
96.7
90.7
91.3
101.8
112.4
90.3
100.2
92.7
93.9
103.1
112.3
87.5
94.0
104.7
113.2
94.2
103.6
85.9
65.0
92.7
103.0
113.7
86.5
103.6
86.1
64.1
92.5
102.2
114.1
87.1
92.7
102.4
112.7
94.9
103.2
115.0
88.1
51.3
51.8
88.2
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
87.9
86.2
100.2
97.1
83.3
102.8
82.2
97.8
86.5
100.4
99.4
88.5
103.0
82.9
111.3
85.7
65.5
54.0
87.5
85.7
99.3
97.5
85.7
102.1
81.5
131.6
97.5
99.5
73.2
83.0
85.4
100.8
132.2
102.3
132.7
94.5
85.9
95.5
83.7
96.2
84.7
116.1
116.5
116.2
59.1
58.4
133.2
99.6
75.5
84.0
87.0
101.0
97.3
99.7
70.9
82.1
84.0
66.5
53.9
90.1
88.1
101.4
92.5
103.7
114.0
88.3
66.6
54.1
90.7
66.5
53.9
89.0
89.3
101.8
90.0
102.2
97.1
84.6
97.5
84.7
103.9
83.6
106.0
88.9
105.2
83.4
101.5
99.1
88.7
104.4
83.6
98.3
100.3
100.9
99.7
71.7
82.9
86.3
101.7
133.0
96.2
98.5
73.8
82.7
86.1
101.4
133.4
113.2
87.3
66.4
53.9
90.8
90.2
66.9
54.1
90.8
90.4
"88.3
67.6
54.8
101.8
101.9
96.8
84.8
89.8
83.4
97.3
85.7
105.0
84.8
91.8
91.5
102.8
100.0
105.2
84.5
106.5
85.0
98.7
101.3
76.4
82.5
85.9
101.2
133.7
99.0
102.2
77.2
82.5
85.1
101.6
134.9
101.7
75.8
82.7
85.5
101.5
135.5
90.9
99.0
98.8
100.9
74.8
81.7
85.7
99.1
103.2
113.7
87.5
68.1
54.6
113.1
88.1
68.7
55.4
69.2
54.9
92.7
94.1
92.1
91.6
102.3
100.2
92.8
91.6
103.0
100.1
99.8
89.9
106.1
83.9
90.5
106.6
84.7
88.7
107.9
85.8
98.9
101.7
71.4
80.0
84.9
101.3
136.4
98.8
86.6
123.4
101.3
101.0
73.8
82.2
86.2
101.4
136.0
136.5
97.9
98.4
100.5
71.0
80.6
84.7
101.5
134.9
97.4
85.3
123.1
103.3
99.5
101.7
75.3
81.2
84.6
101.9
136.4
96.9
86.0
126.3
97.4
97.4
85.1
118.7
96.7
85.3
119.6
86.3
120.1
86.3
97.1
84.5
120.9
121.0
83.5
121.8
97.1
84.9
122.9
56.7
58.2
57.5
57.0
57.5
57.2
56.9
55.5
55.5
54.9
55.2
133.8
133.9
134.3
134.7
134.2
135.5
136.4
135.8
137.4
136.8
137.8
139.0
109.5
109.9
110.0
110.9
111.0
111.0
112.6
111.8
111.2
113.5
113.5
113.6
114.4
119.2
119.8
119.6
120.7
121.3
121.3
122.2
123.1
123.6
124.8
124.4
125.1
126.2
123.0
123.6
124.1
123.5
123.8
122.2
124.0
125.2
124.8
126.0
125.1
126.2
127.5
141.4
141.8
140.6
141.1
141.3
139.6
141.3
141.6
139.6
141.1
140.1
140.4
142.1
152.9
153.5
153.7
154.8
155.3
155.6
156.5
158.0
157.2
159.0
158.3
159.9
161.1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.
102
92.9
103.9
114.6
87.3
66.8
54.1
91.2
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 19§4 forward are
subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-7. The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1987
1988
Industry
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Junep
Julyp
Apr.
May
178.0
178.7
178.6
179.5
0
158.0
178.8
181.3
(3)
159.2
179.0
181.9
(3)
166.8
(3)
191.1
Hourly Earnings lndex2(1977=100)
Total private (in current dollars)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant dollars)4
174.1
174.6
174.9
175.6
()
154.9
174.5
176.2
(3)
161.1
(3)
180.9
()
155.1
175.3
177.0
3
3
3
93.7
173.2
3
175.7
()
155.2
176.1
177.5
(3)
162.1
(3)
183.9
()
156.5
176.4
177.6
(3)
162.4
(3)
184.9
()
155.4
176.6
178.2
(3)
162.7
182.4
()
154.8
176.3
176.8
(3)
162.3
(3)
182.5
185.2
93.8
93.7
93.5
93.8
93.7
0
161.5
0
0
176.6
176.7
177.0
()
157.6
176.8
178.3
(3)
163.4
3
3
0
()
157.5
177.3
179.4
(3)
163.8
(3)
186.9
157.8
177.9
180.6
(3)
164.8
(3)
188.3
157.5
178.4
181.6
(3)
165.4
186.5
()
156.8
177.0
179.1
(3)
163.4
(3)
186.3
189.9
189.3
93.8
93.7
93.5
93.6
93.6
93.2
0
0
0
165.7
0
Average hourly earnings
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
$9.11
$8.96 $9.01
$9.02 $9.07
$9.10
$9.14
$9.13 $9.16 $9.23 $9.27
$9.32
$9.28
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(
(3)
0 $12.72 $12.81 0 $12.91 $12.82 $12.90 $12.93 0
$12.71 $12.72 $12.70
$12.95 $13.06
$12.74
$12.91
10.02
10.03
10.00
9.88
9.94
9.99
10.05
10.11
10.19
10.18
10.01
10.00
10.15
12.14
12.19
12.13
12.03
12.09
12.12
12.21
12.29
12.35
12.35
12.16
12.07
12.35
9.75
9.72
9.71
9.59
9.65
9.70
9.76
9.88
9.98
9.86
9.69
9.64
9.88
6.20
6.20
6.17
6.12
6.13
6.16
6.22
6.25
6.33
6.29
6.19
6.18
6.28
8.92
8.91
8.89
8.70
8.79
8.82
8.90
8.99
9.07
8.98
8.84
8.76
9.08
8.72
8.72
8.65
8.46
8.53
8.60
8.75
8.81
8.93
8.86
8.67
8.55
8.88
Average weekly earnings
Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1977) dollars4 .
311.81 313.55 312.09 316.54 316.68 315.21 317.16 317.72 316.94 322.13 321.67 322.02 325.27
168.64 168.85 167.52 169.27 169.08 168.02 168.43 168.46 167.43 169.36 168.41 168.07
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Excludes the effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to
underlying wage rate movements: Fluctuations in overtime in manufacturing
and interindustry employment shifts.
3
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
4
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series. Data for 1987 and earlier
years have been revised based on recomputed seasonal adjustment factors
for the CPI-W.
5
Not available.
?
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to
revision. Beginning in 1989, publication of the Hourly Earnings Index series
shown in this table will be discontinued.
103
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area
Average hourly earnings
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988p
Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile
41.6
40.8
41.5
41.0
40.8
40.7
41.4
41.4
40.6
$8.72
8.95
10.08
$8.95
9.15
10.63
$8.94
9.15
10.65
Average weekly earnings
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
$362.75
365.16
418.32
$366.95
373.32
432.64
$370.12
378.81
432.39
Alaska
42.3
36.3
45.3
11.56
12.63
11.33
458.47
513.25
Arizona
40.9
41.4
41.4
9.89
9.77
9.82
404.50
404.48
406.55
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
41.6
39.6
41.7
41.5
44.4
41.2
41.2
40.8
40.7
43.4
40.9
41.9
40.3
40.9
43.5
7.87
6.98
8.45
8.51
10.58
8.13
7.24
8.73
8.50
10.70
8.08
7.22
8.65
8.51
10.45
327.39
276.41
352.37
353.17
469.75
334.96
298.29
356.18
345.95
464.38
330.47
302.52
348.60
348.06
454.58
,
436.59
O
V)
10.29
10.70
406.80
417.25
422.51
435.07
419.83
441.91
10.78
11.17
11.20
10.23
12.00
9.17
10.79
11.10
11.21
10.29
12.10
9.62
441.61
454.49
450.05
411.07
464.06
384.77
449.53
471.37
477.12
414.32
487.20
394.31
449.94
463.98
476.43
419.83
488.84
416.55
10.50
12.17
10.74
13.30
10.72
13.37
428.40
508.71
425.30
534.66
432.02
542.82
39.8
10.55
11.22
11.18
414.62
443.19
444.96
41.1
41.6
41.6
40.2
40.7
43.0
41.6
40.2
8.10
8.03
8.58
7.17
8.55
10.41
7.60
8.98
8.27
8.28
9.13
7.16
8.74
10.78
7.92
8.35
8.34
9.06
7.20
8.90
10.73
8.03
9.22
332.91
342.08
348.35
283.22
352.26
445.55
302.48
369.98
338.24
341.96
367.94
284.25
357.47
459.23
324.72
369.96
343.19
346.94
376.90
289.44
362.23
461.39
334.05
370.64
41.1
41.2
48.4
41.4
41.1
48.8
8.47
10.01
11.01
8.65
10.27
11.23
8.62
10.38
11.20
358.28
420.42
508.66
355.52
423.12
543.53
356.87
426.62
546.56
38.2
38.4
39.2
39.3
39.3
39.5
9.29
9.40
9.81
9.85
9.85
9.99
354.88
360.96
384.55
387.11
387.11
394.61
38.9
37.8
37.7
10.38
9.62
403.78
363.64
365.31
41.8
42.0
42.6
41.2
41.6
40.6
41.1
41.9
39.4
43.9
41.7
42.4
41.7
41.7
39.6
39.2
42.4
40.0
41.2
41.3
40.7
46.0
42.9
41.6
41.7
42.1
43.1
39.4
42.5
39.0
42.1
41.4
41.2
47.1
43.0
42.8
10.86
10.37
10.81
9.31
10.57
12.84
13.99
11.77
10.83
13.19
11.09
11.57
11.07
10.62
11.45
8.95
10.82
12.64
14.10
11.83
11.34
13.56
11.61
11.49
11.09
10.67
11.42
8.88
10.82
12.61
14.25
11.66
11.38
13.70
11.54
11.73
453.95
435.54
460.51
383.57
439.71
521.30
574.99
493.16
426.70
579.04
462.45
490.57
461.62
442.85
453.42
350.84
458.77
505.60
580.92
488.58
461.54
623.76
498.07
477.98
462.45
449.21
492.20
349.87
459.85
491.79
599.93
482.72
468.86
645.27
496.22
502.04
41.9
41.9
42.2
11.02
11.43
11.37
461.74
478.92
479.81
10.78
California
40.5
Colorado
Denver
40.0
39.7
41.1
41.2
40.8
41.3
10.17
10.51
10.28
10.56
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
42.3
42.2
42.1
40.7
40.6
42.8
41.7
42.2
42.6
40.5
40.6
43.0
41.7
41.8
42.5
40.8
40.4
43.3
10.44
10.77
10.69
10.10
11.43
8.99
Delaware
Wilmington
40.8
41.8
39.6
40.2
40.3
40.6
District of Columbia:
Washington MSA
39.3
39.5
Florida
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Jacksonville
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
41.1
42.6
40.6
39.5
41.2
42.8
39.8
41.2
40.9
41.3
40.3
39.7
40.9
42.6
41.0
40.7
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
42.3
42.0
46.2
Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
Indiana
See footnotes at end of table.
104
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
June
1987
Average hourly earnings
June
1987
May
1988
May
1988
June
1988p
Average weekly earnings
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
41.1
39.8
40.4
42.6
39.9
41.5
40.0
41.8
41.2
33.2
41.2
39.8
42.5
40.3
33.4
$10.63
12.04
11.52
12.58
8.03
$10.59
11.92
11.97
11.84
8.08
$10.60
12.17
11.86
11.96
8.34
$436.89
479.19
465.41
535.91
320.40
$439.49
476.80
500.35
487.81
268.26
$436.72
484.37
504.05
481.99
278.56
Kansas
Topeka ...
Wichita
41.3
41.5
41.0
40.5
44.2
40.5
41.2
43.2
41.2
9.84
10.97
10.87
10.12
11.30
10.54
10.14
11.22
10.60
406.39
455.26
445.67
409.86
499.46
426.87
417.77
484.70
436.72
Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
40.5
40.0
41.7
40.6
39.6
42.0
40.8
39.5
42.2
10.06
10.45
11.51
10.15
10.27
11.72
10.21
10.31
11.85
407.43
418.00
479.97
412.09
406.69
492.24
416.57
407.25
500.07
Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport
41.5
43.2
39.8
40.1
42.0
42.0
40.4
41.3
42.6
42.1
40.7
42.3
10.85
12.19
10.50
11.79
10.91
12.67
10.32
11.52
11.07
12.85
10.56
11.99
450.28
526.61
417.90
472.78
458.22
532.14
416.93
475.78
471.58
540.99
429.79
507.18
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
41.7
41.9
39.1
40.9
41.5
41.1
40.2
39.9
41.2
8.73
7.32
9.14
9.04
7.97
9.59
9.03
7.97
9.37
364.04
306.71
357.37
369.74
330.76
394.15
363.01
318.00
386.04
Maryland
Baltimore MSA
40.8
41.5
41.2
42.0
41.5
42.0
9.91
10.74
10.48
11.12
10.41
11.11
404.33
445.71
431.78
467.04
432.02
466.62
Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester
41.5
40.8
42.3
41.2
40.8
41.4
42.7
40.1
41.5
41.7
42.9
40.5
9.68
10.64
9.16
9.78
10.12
10.94
9.67
10.26
10.23
10.90
9.78
10.41
401.72
434.11
387.47
402.94
412.90
452.92
412.91
411.43
424.55
454.53
419.56
421.61
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland ...
41.9
44.2
43.4
43.2
41.3
39.8
42.8
42.7
40.5
43.1
43.6
46.5
42.0
44.8
43.4
41.3
42.6
44.5
41.0
44.3
43.8
46.6
42.0
45.2
43.8
41.6
43.4
43.6
40.8
44.1
12.94
13.94
13.74
13.84
15.06
11.08
11.94
14.06
11.88
14.40
13.47
14.75
14.12
14.42
16.64
11.32
12.35
15.12
12.03
15.21
13.51
14.87
14.39
14.49
16.53
11.33
12.40
15.50
12.07
15.26
542.19
616.15
596.32
597.89
621.98
440.98
511.03
600.36
481.14
620.64
587.29
685.88
593.04
646.02
722.18
467.52
526.11
672.84
493.23
673.80
591.74
692.94
604.38
654.95
724.01
471.33
538.16
675.80
492.46
672.97
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud
41.1
40.4
41.1
38.6
40.1
39.1
40.3
38.7
40.8
43.0
41.3
40.3
10.34
10.84
11.17
9.45
10.58
10.84
11.21
9.71
10.57
10.91
11.33
10.03
424.97
437.94
459.09
364.77
424.26
423.84
451.76
375.78
431.26
469.13
467.93
404.21
Mississippi
Jackson
40.2
40.4
40.0
40.4
40.7
40.5
7.56
8.60
7.83
8.88
7.83
8.94
303.91
347.44
313.20
358.75
318.68
362.07
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
40.7
40.7
41.1
40.0
40.8
40.9
41.2
39.7
41.0
41.3
41.2
40.9
10.00
11.02
11.68
10.11
11.43
11.73
8.48
10.13
11.41
11.78
8.57
407.00
448.51
480.05
345.60
412.49
467.49
483.28
336.66
415.33
471.23
485.34
350.51
Montana
39.2
39.1
38.6
10.72
10.69
10.88
420.22
417.98
419.97
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
40.0
39.8
40.2
40.7
40.4
41.6
40.4
39.1
40.6
9.22
9.56
9.88
9.50
9.95
10.21
9.54
9.74
10.31
368.80
380.49
397.18
386.65
401.98
424.74
385.42
380.83
418.59
Nevada
Las Vegas
40.8
40.8
39.6
39.8
38.9
39.9
9.73
11.89
10.00
12.35
10.06
12.56
396.98
485.11
396.00
491.53
391.33
501.14
new nampsnire
Nashua
41.1
41.9
40.5
40.6
40.9
40.0
9.35
11.16
9.54
11.62
9.59
11.76
384.29
467.60
386.37
471.77
392.23
470.40
See footnotes at end of table.
105
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
New Mexico
Albuquerque
39.7
39.6
40.8
41.1
39.5
40.6
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
40.2
40.3
40.6
41.3
42.9
40.7
37.9
37.6
40.8
38.3
42.5
42.1
39.3
41.6
41.5
40.5
39.8
40.7
40.0
42.9
41.7
39.4
37.1
36.9
42.4
39.1
40.9
42.5
35.3
42.2
41.1
39.8
39.9
40.6
40.5
43.4
41.5
39.5
37.0
36.7
42.2
39.3
41.0
42.6
35.2
41.9
41.1
40.5
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
41.4
42.3
42.7
41.2
42.0
40.3
41.4
40.3
39.8
41.3
North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead
38.3
37.0
Ohio
Akron
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Average weekly earnings
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
$10.86
$426.62
$443.62
$446.35
8.92
9.24
9.02
9.31
342.61
357.98
363.94
379.76
356.29
377.99
10.36
10.82
10.40
10.93
9.51
12.31
9.90
10.99
9.63
12.40
412.33
440.37
380.40
528.10
412.83
433.01
361.73
349.81
565.19
316.32
405.32
525.73
398.89
497.12
398.26
455.71
414.96
443.76
390.02
538.16
405.46
435.69
361.12
348.28
563.79
323.05
407.54
526.96
393.89
499.87
394.15
461.30
May
1988
June
1988P
$10.38
41.0
New Jersey
Average hourly earnings
June
1987
$10.82
8.63
9.04
12.76
7.92
9.31
11.70
10.13
11.05
9.72
9.73
9.75
9.48
13.33
8.09
9.91
12.37
11.30
11.78
9.69
11.45
9.49
13.36
8.22
9.94
12.37
11.19
11.93
9.59
11.39
401.60
420.73
368.65
489.41
406.69
437.12
356.64
350.81
520.61
303.34
395.68
492.57
398.11
459.68
403.38
394.07
40.4
41.3
40.4
40.4
41.5
7.83
7.82
8.02
8.77
8.97
8.09
8.15
8.34
8.89
9.10
8.10
8.15
8.33
8.98
9.20
324.16
330.79
342.45
361.32
376.74
326.03
337.41
336.10
353.82
375.83
327.24
336.60
336.53
362.79
381,80
38.9
38.1
39.6
39.9
8.41
8.42
8.50
8.49
8.49
8.40
322.10
311.54
330.65
323.47
336.20
335.16
42.6
43.1
42.8
42.9
41.5
42.2
41.8
42.8
43.0
43.3
42.1
43.4
41.4
43.7
42.4
43.7
43.3
43.8
42.0
43.6
41.5
43.8
42.7
42.7
11.70
11.33
10.90
11.52
11.40
11.90
12.66
13.24
12.01
11.66
11.06
11.83
11.60
12.61
13.04
13.58
12.03
11.63
11.10
11.86
11.56
12.70
13.06
13.67
498.42
488.32
466.52
494.21
473.10
502.18
529.19
566.67
516.43
504.88
465.63
513.42
480.24
551.06
552.90
593.45
520.90
509.39
466.20
517.10
479.74
556.26
557.66
583.71
Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
41.0
41.2
40.6
41.1
41.0
41.1
41.0
41.9
40.6
10.16
11.21
10.52
10.33
11.68
10.78
10.33
11.52
10.79
416.56
461.85
427.11
424.56
478.88
443.06
423.53
482.69
438.07
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
39.6
39.7
39.5
40.3
38.6
39.5
39.0
37.0
39.3
40.1
39.1
38.1
10.51
10.75
10.61
10.95
9.39
10.69
10.75
10.78
8.84
416.20
425.58
420.68
365.52
414.95
419.10
427.05
347.43
420.12
431.08
421.50
336.80
See footnotes at end of table.
106
10.44
9.08
11.85
9.48
10.74
9.41
9.33
10.72
10.65
9.07
9.77
11.03
9.76
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-t. Av#ra§€ h*trs and •ftrnfetfs of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
•re)**—-Cerrttnuod
Avereige weekly hours
State and area
Average hourly e arnings
May
1988
June
1988P
$9.94
10.50
8.56
11.09
10.21
9.32
8.43
9.65
10.82
11.19
10.06
8.68
8.47
9.46
$10.20
10.26
8.62
10.72
10.37
9.49
8.34
9.97
11.22
11.23
10.63
8.88
8.78
9.75
39.6
40.0
39.6
8.13
7.67
8.13
41.2
40.9
41.2
41.2
41.4
41.0
41.3
41.4
42.2
46.1
42.2
45.2
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
41.7
42.6
43.3
40.4
44.9
42.8
Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio
Average weekly earnings
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
$10.23
10.33
8.79
10.71
10.44
9.52
8.30
10.08
11.25
11.24
10.69
8.91
8.89
9.77
$409.53
416.85
351.82
466.89
427.80
372.80
333.83
391.79
444.70
469.98
411.45
341.99
358.28
404.89
$416.16
411.43
345.66
454.53
442.80
371.06
330.26
397.80
452.17
470.54
431.58
341.88
361.74
415.35
$421.48
411.13
363.03
454.10
443.70
379.85
333.66
407.23
457.88
470.96
440.43
346.60
374.27
416.20
8.47
8.04
8.43
8.50
8.08
8.44
327.64
309.87
327.64
336.26
321.60
333.83
336.60
323.20
334.22
8.09
9.06
7.88
7.98
8.28
9.11
8.30
8.23
8.30
9.16
8.34
8.24
338.97
381.43
327.02
335.16
341.14
372.60
341.96
339.08
343.62
375.56
344.44
341.14
42.5
45.0
7.93
7.95
8.02
8.19
7.86
7.98
334.65
366.50
338.44
370.19
334.05
359.10
41.6
40.0
42.5
42.1
42.0
41.2
42.0
40.3
42.4
42.4
41.8
41.7
8.71
7.89
9.10
9.06
9.08
10.09
8.90
8.19
9.38
9.09
8.97
10.20
8.90
8.29
9.46
9.03
8.92
10.27
363.21
336.11
394.03
366.02
407.69
431.85
370.24
327.60
398.65
382.69
376.74
420.24
373.80
334.09
401.10
382.87
372.86
428.26
41.2
41.3
41.3
43.3
39.6
41.3
41.2
41.8
43.6
41.1
41.9
41.4
42.6
43.5
40.4
9.80
9.75
9.70
11.24
7.61
9.93
9.69
10.53
11.17
7.56
9.93
9.76
10.63
11.24
7.56
403.76
402.68
400.61
486.69
301.36
410.11
399.23
440.15
487.01
310.72
416.07
404.06
452.84
488.94
305.42
Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden
38.9
39.8
39.7
40.1
40.2
41.2
9.95
9.97
9.96
10.00
9.94
9.88
387.06
396.81
395.41
401.00
399.59
407.06
Vermont
Burlington
40.8
40.9
40.4
41.5
41.4
40.0
9.09
9.92
9.23
9.45
9.34
10.11
370.87
405.73
372.89
392.17
386.68
404.40
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
41.2
41.2
41.0
44.3
41.8
40.0
41.6
40.8
40.8
43.1
41.3
42.1
39.7
40.3
41.6
40.3
41.1
42.4
41.4
42.2
41.3
39.5
42.0
40.0
9.16
7.75
7.50
8.15
8.52
9.79
12.06
8.78
9.41
7.88
7.75
8.62
8.76
10.54
12.09
9.30
9.38
7.80
7.71
8.61
8.92
10.55
12.06
9.22
377.39
319.30
307.50
361.05
356.14
391.60
501.70
358.22
383.93
339.63
320.08
362.90
347.77
424.76
502.94
374.79
385.52
330.72
319.19
363.34
368.40
416.73
506.52
368.80
Washington
40.6
40.6
39.9
11.62
11.64
11.74
471.77
472.58
468.43
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
41.2
39.7
41.1
42.1
41.9
40.0
39.6
40.6
41.1
42.0
40.9
39.4
42.3
42.8
40.8
40.1
40.1
42.4
42.7
39.1
39.6
39.9
40.3
41.9
40.6
38.5
41.2
42.6
41.2
39.8
41.3
42.4
42.5
39.9
40.2
40.4
40.7
41.9
41.2
38.9
42.1
42.6
40.3
40.4
40.3
39.7
40.0
39.6
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
41.9
42.1
41.5
42.0
South Dakota
Sioux Falls
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
June
1987
See footnotes at end of table.
107
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988^
Average hourly earnings
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
Average weekly earnings
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland..
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
40.5
42.0
39.3
43.3
41.4
41.0
44.3
41.1
42.2
42.3
40.9
43.1
41.3
41.2
42.4
$10.57
13.27
12.04
12.29
12.17
$10.88
13.23
12.09
12.75
11.79
$10.78
13.43
12.19
12.85
12.02
$428.09
557.34
473.17
532.16
503.84
$446.08
586.09
496.90
538.05
498.72
$440.90
578.83
503.45
529.42
509.65
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh ....
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
41.2
42.4
41.8
41.7
38.6
40.5
39.3
40.6
41.1
40.7
43.3
41.4
42.8
39.8
41.4
42.2
41.9
39.1
40.4
41.0
40.7
42.8
41.5
42.5
40.6
43.6
42.1
39.4
39.5
40.5
41.3
40.1
41.9
10.46
10.78
10.78
11.19
12.26
12.29
9.29
9.82
11.59
11.17
10.69
11.17
10.69
11.57
12.83
12.96
9.08
9.99
11.65
10.91
10.04
10.57
11.09
10.54
11.35
12.82
12.77
9.01
10.34
11.48
10.99
10.09
430.95
457.07
450.60
466.62
473.24
497.75
365.10
398.69
476.35
454.62
427.80
442.57
478.08
425.46
479.00
541.43
543.02
355.03
403.60
477.65
444.04
429.71
438.66
471.33
427.92
494.86
539.72
503.14
355.90
418.77
474.12
440.70
422.77
Wyoming
39.9
37.3
37.0
10.07
9.84
395.01
375.61
364.08
5.49
5.52
215.51
212.46
214.73
9.44
9.31
402.32
381.38
377.05
9.88
9.90
Puerto Rico
38.9
38.7
38.9
Virgin Islands
42.8
40.4
40.5
5.54
1
Not available.
? = preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this
108
9.40
publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1987
benchmarks.except Colorado. Data for Colorado have been adjusted to December
1986 benchmarks.
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry
Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
July 1987
to
July 1988P
May 1988
to
June 1988r
June 1988
to
July 1988P
198,254
4.0
0.5
0.6
162,443
163,474
4.3
1,626
10,256
41,492
24,748
16,744
11,368
12,061
28,806
12,399
43,152
1,645
10,559
41,657
24,855
16,802
11,447
12,156
28,991
12,480
43,508
1,628
10,423
41,826
24,930
16,896
11,495
12,246
29,404
12,611
43,839
2.5
6.2
3.1
3.8
2.1
4.4
5.3
4.1
1.8
5.7
1.2
3.0
.4
.4
.3
.7
.8
.6
.7
.8
-1.0
-1.3
.4
.3
.6
.4
.7
34,932
34,693
34,780
2.5
-.7
May
1988r
June
1988r
July
1988P
196,092
197,137
161,160
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
= revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,
Percent change
1.4
1.1
.8
nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2285,
chapter 10, Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).
109
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted1
(1977 = 100)
Quarterly index
Annual average
Item
1986r
1987 r
1985
1986
1987
r
r
I
H
IV
r
1988
III'
IV
r
IV
r
ii1
Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
110.1
128.6
116.8
183.1
101.2
166.3
165.0
165.8
111.0
133.3
120.1
190.4
101.5
171.5
168.7
170.5
108.5
125.9
116.1
178.8
99.4
164.8
161.6
163.7
110.5
128.4
116.2
180.4
100.0
163.3
164.5
163.7
110.4
128.2
116.1
182.0
101.2
164.9
165.2
165.0
110.0
128.5
116.8
184.0
101.7
167.3
166.6
167.0
109.8
129.3
117.8
186.2
102.2
169.6
163.7
167.5
109.9
130.5
118.8
187.3
101.5
170.5
165.6
168.7
110.6
132.2
119.5
189.0
101.2
170.8
168.7
170.1
111.7
134.3
120.3
191.1
101.4
171.1
171.5
171.2
111.8
136.2
121.8
194.0
102.0
173.5
168.9
171.9
112.8
138.0
122.3
195.8
102.1
173.5
170.0
172.3
112.2
139.2
124.1
198.0
102.0
176.5
169.2
173.9
108.2
128.2
118.5
182.3
100.8
168.6
166.4
167.8
109.0
133.0
122.1
189.4
101.0
173.8
170.2
172.5
106.5
125.5
117.9
177.9
99.0
167.1
162.7
165.5
108.6
128.1
117.9
179.8
99.6
165.5
166.1
165.7
108.4
127.8
117.9
181.2
100.7
167.1
166.6
167.0
108.0
128.1
118.6
183.1
101.2
169.5
168.1
169.0
107.8
128.8
119.5
185.4
101.8
172.1
164.9
169.5
107.8
130.1
120.7
186.4
101.0
172.9
167.2
170.9
108.6
131.9
121.5
187.9
100.6
173.0
169.8
171.9
109.6
134.1
122.3
190.0
100.8
173.3
173.0
173.2
109.9
136.0
123.8
192.9
101.4
175.6
170.9
174.0
110.8
137.9
124.4
194.6
101.5
175.7
171.6
174.2
110.3
139.5
126.4
196.6
101.3
178.2
171.4
175.8
127.7
124.7
97.7
183.0
101.2
143.3
132.0
130.1
98.6
186.9
99.7
141.7
125.3
123.3
98.4
179.4
99.8
143.2
126.6
124.2
98.1
181.1
100.3
143.0
127.2
124.1
97.6
182.0
101.2
143.2
128.0
124.8
97.4
183.6
101.5
143.4
128.8
125.9
97.7
185.3
101.7
143.8
130.0
127.2
97.8
185.9
100.8
143.1
131.7
128.7
97.7
186.3
99.7
141.4
132.8
131.1
98.8
187.2
99.3
141.0
133.2
133.5
100.2
188.2
99.0
141.3
134.3
135.0
100.6
190.7
99.4
142.1
135.4
136.8
101.0
192.1
99.0
141.9
133.5
130.8
98.0
181.9
100.6
136.3
138.5
136.0
98.8
133.7
130.4
129.5
99.3
178.6
99.3
136.9
132.2
130.5
98.7
180.3
99.9
136.4
132.6
130.0
98.0
180.8
100.5
136.3
133.9
130.7
97.6
182.2
100.7
136.0
135.1
131.8
97.6
184.2
101.2
136.4
136.6
133.3
97.6
184.9
100.2
135.3
138.1
134.2
97.2
184.4
98.8
133.5
139.1
136.5
98.2
185.3
98.3
133.2
140.0
139.9
99.9
186.2
97.9
133.0
141.3
141.3
100.0
189.5
98.8
134.1
142.7
143.9
100.9
190.1
98.0
133.3
118.9
115.8
97.3
184.8
102.2
155.4
122.3
121.4
99.3
190.1
101.4
155.4
117.6
114.1
97.0
180.5
100.4
153.5
118.1
114.7
97.1
182.1
100.9
154.3
118.9
115.4
97.0
184.0
102.3
154.7
119.2
115.9
97.2
186.0
102.8
156.0
119.6
117.0
97.9
187.2
102.8
156.5
120.1
118.0
98.2
188.0
101.9
156.4
122.4
120.5
98.4
189.7
101.6
155.0
123.5
123.1
99.7
190.8
101.2
154.5
123.2
124.0
100.7
191.9
100.9
155.8
123.9
125.6
101.4
193.2
100.8
156.0
124.7
126.2
101.3
195.7
100.9
157.0
109.7
129.1
117.7
179.5
99.2
167.3
163.6
178.4
132.4
163.2
111.3
134.6
120.9
185.5
98.9
170.6
166.6
182.5
130.8
165.8
108.0
126.7
117.3
175.3
97.5
165.8
162.3
176.3
132.4
161.8
109.5
128.8
117.6
177.1
98.1
165.5
161.7
176.7
133.7
161.7
109.3
128.3
117.3
178.5
99.2
166.7
163.3
176.9
132.7
162.6
109.6
128.9
117.6
180.2
99.6
168.4
164.3
180.3
133.6
164.2
110.3
130.4
118.1
182.2
100.1
168.8
165.1
179.6
129.7
164.1
110.1
131.3
119.3
182.9
99.1
169.9
166.2
180.8
128.5
164.9
110.9
133.3
120.2
184.3
98.7
170.3
166.1
182.6
129.8
165.4
112.2
136.1
121.3
186.1
98.7
170.2
165.9
183.0
136.4
166.1
112.2
137.7
122.8
188.5
99.1
172.0
168.1
183.6
128.3
166.7
113.3
140.1
123.6
189.9
99.0
171.5
167.5
183.4
132.5
166.9
O
O
0
2
Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
98.2
185.2
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
All of the productivity and cost measures incorporate revised output
and compensation measures reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis
of the U.S. Department of Commerce; revised seasonal factors for
employment and average weekly hours; and revised data for employees of
nonagricultural establishments.
110
?
Not available.
= preliminary.
= revised.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).
1
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates1
Percent change from
Same quarter, previous year
Previous quarter
Item
1987r
II
1987r
1987
IV
1987r
I
1988 r
1988P
1987r
1987r
III
1987r
IV
1987r
1988r
1988 P
0.6
5.7
5.1
6.2
2.4
5.6
-5.8
1.4
3.5
5.5
1.9
3.7
.3
.2
2.5
1.0
-2.2
3.5
5.9
4.7
-.1
7.0
-1.8
3.9
-0.6
1.6
2.2
3.8
1.5
4.4
.7
3.1
0.2
3.1
2.9
3.8
.0
3.6
2.1
3.1
1.5
4.5
3.0
3.9
-.3
2.3
2.9
2.5
1.9
5.3
3.4
4.2
-.2
2.3
3.2
2.6
2.7
5.8
3.0
4.5
.5
1.8
2.7
2.1
1.4
5.3
3.9
4.8
.8
3.3
.3
2.3
5.9
4.9
6.4
2.6
5.4
-4.8
1.8
3.4
5.6
2.1
3.5
.1
.1
1.6
.6
-1.7
4.7
6.5
4.1
-.6
5.9
-.3
3.8
1.6
2.4
3.7
1.4
4.5
.6
3.1
.2
3.2
3.0
3.7
-.1
3.5
1.9
3.0
1.5
4.7
3.2
3.7
-.4
2.2
2.9
2.5
1.9
5.6
3.6
4.1
-.4
2.1
3.6
2.6
2.8
6.0
3.1
4.4
.5
1.6
2.6
1.9
1.6
5.7
4.1
4.6
.7
3.0
1.0
2.3
3.2
4.6
1.3
5.4
2.0
2.2
3.5
5.4
1.8
2.9
-1.8
-.6
2.7
2.4
-.3
2.7
.4
.0
3.6
3.7
.1
2.3
-1.4
-1.2
3.7
5.1
1.4
2.0
-2.1
-1.7
3.4
6.0
2.6
1.6
-2.7
-1.8
3.3
6.2
2.8
2.6
-1.3
-.7
2.8
6.3
3.4
3.1
-.7
.3
Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
0.3
3.7
3.4
2.5
-2.8
2.2
4.6
3.0
-1.2
.8
7.9
3.2
3.9
6.6
2.6
4.6
.8
.7
6.7
2.8
.0
4.0
4.0
2.1
-3.2
2.1
5.7
3.3
3.2
5.7
2.5
3.4
-1.4
.2
6.5
2.3
3.7
6.8
2.9
4.5
.6
.7
7.7
3.1
3.6
4.1
.5
1.4
-3.8
-2.1
5.5
4.9
-.6
.7
-4.0
-4.6
3.2
7.8
4.4
-1.1
-1.5
.8
4.7
4.5
-.2
1.3
-3.9
-3.2
4.4
2.8
-1.5
-1.0
-5.6
-5.1
2.9
7.0
4.0
2.0
-1.7
-.9
2.6
10.2
7.3
1.9
-1.7
-.7
3.8
4.3
.4
7.1
3.6
3.2
3.8
7.4
3.5
1.4
-3.2
-2.3
3.3
2.1
-1.2
2.6
.3
-.8
4.1
3.3
-.8
2.0
-1.7
-2.0
3.8
4.5
.6
1.7
-2.4
-2.1
3.7
6.1
2.3
1.1
-3.2
-2.5
3.4
6.0
2.5
2.5
-1.4
-.9
3.3
7.2
3.8
3.1
-.8
-.2
1.9
3.4
1.5
1.6
-3.6
-.2
7.6
3.8
8.5
.8
3.8
-1.0
-3.6
9.0
-1.1
3.1
4.2
2.2
2.3
5.1
2.7
2.9
-.5
.6
2.6
2.1
-.5
5.2
.4
2.5
1.8
2.9
1.1
3.2
.9
1.4
2.9
4.4
1.5
3.1
-.7
.2
3.6
6.2
2.5
2.6
-1.5
3.0
6.0
2.9
2.5
-1.9
-.5
3.1
6.4
3.2
2.8
-1.1
-.3
1.9
4.8
2.9
3.2
-.7
1.3
.5
2.0
1.5
3.3
1.0
2.6
2.8
2.3
-3.8
2.0
1.5
3.9
2.4
3.2
-.6
2.1
1.7
3.2
-2.2
1.7
2.3
5.6
3.2
3.3
-.9
1.1
.9
1.5
2.0
1.2
1.6
5.6
3.9
3.4
-1.0
1.9
1.8
2.2
3.0
6.7
3.6
3.8
-.1
1.0
.8
1.5
3.1
1.2
2.7
5.3
2.5
3.6
Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
2.1
-1.7
1.3
7.5
6.1
2.1
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
5.1
2.4
-1.4
-1.3
-1.4
3.4
-1.0
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
.
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
-1.0
2.9
4.0
1.6
-3.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
-3.5
2.0
3.1
6.1
2.9
2.9
-1.8
1.0
-.2
4.1
3.9
1.2
4.7
8.8
4.0
4.1
.3
-.2
-.6
.8
21.9
1.7
All of the productivity and cost measures incorporate revised output
and compensation measures reported by the Bureau of Economic
Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce; revised seasonal factors
for employment and average weekly hours; and revised data for
employees of nonagricultural establishments.
-.1
4.7
4.8
5.2
1.5
4.2
5.3
1.3
-21.5
1.5
4.3
7.2
2.8
3.0
-.4
-1.0
-1.2
-.3
13.8
.3
-1.1
1.6
2
Not available.
= preliminary.
=revised.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).
P
Ill
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
June
1987
Alabama
Birmingham ..t
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
May
1988
1,912.5
449.9
131.5
216.3
139.9
68.7
1,862.1
441.1
131.6
206.5
134.9
68.9
June
1988P
1,875.1
445.9
133.5
206.7
135.0
67.7
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
142.8
29.0
6.5
19.2
9.0
4.2
126.4
24.8
6.3
17.8
8.6
3.6
128.2
25.2
6.9
17.7
8.3
3.7
7.5
6.4
5.0
8.9
6.4
6.2
6.8
5.6
4.8
8.6
6.4
5.3
6.8
5.7
5.2
8.6
6.1
5.5
262.2
246.2
249.8
28.9
23.2
21.7
11.0
9.4
8.7
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
1,609.1
999.4
305.7
1,633.1
1,015.6
311.3
1,623.3
1,010.5
306.2
106.2
53.2
15.3
94.4
46.9
14.7
98.8
48.5
14.7
6.6
5.3
5.0
5.8
4.6
4.7
6.1
4.8
4.8
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
1,101.9
57.2
93.3
258.7
37.4
1,138.6
61.8
95.6
267.4
37.7
1,128.2
60.4
95.3
266.6
37.6
87.7
2.3
5.5
19.2
3.3
88.0
2.5
5.6
17.5
3.1
87.6
2.7
5.8
17.6
3.3
8.0
4.0
5.9
7.4
8.9
7.7
4.0
5.9
6.6
8.1
7.8
4.4
6.0
6.6
8.7
13,808.4
1,299.4
229.0
299.6
4,219.0
151.7
1,032.8
337.8
917.5
676.8
1,062.3
871.5
803.9
179.7
190.3
193.8
184.8
14,066.4
1,335.5
237.4
313.1
4,109.3
163.6
1,058.2
354.0
969.7
713.5
1,113.5
888.7
825.4
183.0
196.4
202.9
193.5
14,175.7
1,348.7
236.1
314.0
4,129.1
163.0
1,073.7
358.0
978.8
721.1
1,126.9
900.3
833.2
184.3
199.6
199.5
197.2
749.5
41.8
21.7
27.4
239.0
18.7
51.1
17.3
48.8
35.3
46.3
33.4
36.7
7.7
8.6
17.8
10.0
814.9
44.8
25.8
38.3
213.1
24.4
55.1
18.7
59.9
42.1
53.0
34.9
37.3
8.5
10.2
21.6
11.7
770.6
43.7
22.7
32.2
208.5
21.6
52.3
18.3
59.2
39.1
50.9
34.3
35.4
7.5
9.7
20.6
11.1
5.4
3.2
9.5
9.1
5.7
12.3
4.9
5.1
5.3
5.2
4.4
3.8
4.6
4.3
4.5
9.2
5.4
5.8
3.4
10.9
12.2
5.2
14.9
5.2
5.3
6.2
5.9
4.8
3.9
4.5
4.6
5.2
10.6
6.0
5.4
3.2
9.6
10.3
5.1
13.2
4.9
5.1
6.1
5.4
4.5
3.8
4.2
4.1
4.9
10.3
5.6
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
1,726.0
131.0
900.1
1,692.5
130.4
883.8
1,690.0
129.0
882.7
131.0
7.7
64.3
109.0
5.9
51.9
104.8
6.1
51.5
7.6
5.9
7.1
6.4
4.5
5.9
6.2
4.7
5.8
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
1,776.6
233.5
429.4
276.2
120.0
104.0
1,723.9
226.6
419.4
268.0
116.8
98.8
1,761.8
231.7
427.4
274.3
119.4
102.1
58.0
9.1
13.0
8.9
2.9
4.5
42.2
6.9
9.3
6.3
2.0
2.9
53.0
8.3
12.2
8.0
2.7
3.7
3.3
3.9
3.0
3.2
2.4
4.3
2.4
3.1
2.2
2.3
1.7
3.0
3.0
3.6
2.9
2.9
2.2
3.6
338.1
290.4
346.4
299.8
353.0
303.1
10.3
10.8
10.2
10.1
10.6
10.5
3.0
3.7
2.9
3.4
3.0
3.5
District of Columbia
Washington
334.1
2,136.7
336.9
2,202.1
344.0
2,234.1
21.0
70.0
16.5
60.4
18.0
65.5
6.3
3.3
4.9
2.7
5.2
2.9
Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
5,884.1
146.1
613.5
130.2
446.9
175.7
912.6
563.5
150.4
116.6
125.7
960.5
390.4
6,103.9
154.0
645.7
142.1
468.2
182.5
926.3
579.5
152.6
123.2
127.9
991.9
411.3
6,142.2
155.7
652.8
141.8
474.7
184.6
930.7
587.9
154.2
123.9
127.6
996.6
408.6
312.6
6.1
24.9
5.1
25.5
9.2
51.5
26.6
8.7
4.4
5.5
47.2
21.7
288.2
6.6
26.1
4.8
23.7
8.8
48.0
26.3
8.8
3.5
5.1
43.2
17.9
295.2
6.5
25.5
4.4
24.2
8.1
46.7
28.1
8.9
4.1
4.5
45.0
20.2
5.3
4.2
4.1
3.9
5.7
5.3
5.6
4.7
5.8
3.8
4.4
4.9
5.6
4.7
4.3
4.0
3.4
5.1
4.8
5.2
4.5
5.8
2.9
4.0
4.4
4.4
4.8
4.2
3.9
3.1
5.1
4.4
5.0
4.8
5.8
3.3
3.6
4.5
4.9
Alaska
California1
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Delaware
Wilmington
See footnotes at end of table.
112
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
June
1987
June
1988P
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
199.3
3.1
83.8
12.4
7.0
7.7
8.3
5.7
4.3
5.0
6.0
6.2
6.1
6.2
6.1
4.3
5.3
6.6
6.9
6.1
7.3
6.3
4.3
5.6
6.8
7.0
6.0
7.3
15.5
10.3
16.2
10.6
4.3
3.8
3.0
2.7
3.1
2.7
34.6
5.7
29.6
4.4
27.4
4.3
7.2
5.5
6.2
4.1
5.6
4.1
5,808.2
179.1
65.4
85.8
3,217.8
181.7
57.5
193.0
278.4
154.5
145.8
108.4
454.4
11.0
3.1
4.1
228.8
14.0
5.7
17.5
13.3
13.3
16.7
5.8
394.6
8.7
3.6
3.5
205.3
12.5
5.1
14.7
11.5
10.4
10.6
5.2
403.6
9.3
3.0
3.7
210.2
13.0
4.8
14.6
12.5
10.8
10.8
5.5
7.8
6.2
4.7
4.7
7.1
7.6
9.6
8.8
4.9
8.6
11.0
5.3
6.9
5.0
5.4
4.0
6.5
6.9
9.0
7.6
4.3
6.8
7.3
4.9
6.9
5.2
4.6
4.3
6.5
7.1
8.3
7.6
4.5
7.0
7.4
5.0
2,793.0
58.4
60.1
96.7
142.3
200.0
251.8
669.4
64.9
60.3
129.5
59.0
2,820.3
58.2
58.8
98.7
143.5
202.4
255.0
677.3
65.1
59.1
129.2
58.6
170.5
3.7
2.1
4.2
10.0
9.9
23.4
33.0
2.3
3.5
7.1
3.8
125.7
3.0
2.0
3.1
8.2
8.0
13.9
25.8
2.1
2.9
5.6
3.3
128.7
3.1
1.8
3.3
7.7
7.9
14.3
28.1
1.9
2.9
6.0
3.0
6.2
6.3
3.9
4.6
7.0
5.1
9.2
5.0
3.7
6.1
5.7
6.5
4.5
5.1
3.3
3.2
5.7
4.0
5.5
3.9
3.3
4.9
4.3
5.5
4.6
5.3
3.0
3.3
5.4
3.9
5.6
4.1
3.0
4.9
4.6
5.0
1,459.3
92.9
223.4
43.4
64.7
67.4
1,484.6
96.0
229.5
45.8
60.9
69.8
1,499.6
97.7
233.3
45.0
62.2
68.5
76.8
4.9
10.0
2.4
5.9
5.3
59.5
3.2
7.5
2.1
3.0
3.9
59.9
3.3
7.6
2.1
3.0
3.5
5.3
5.3
4.5
5.5
9.2
7.9
4.0
3.3
3.3
4.7
4.9
5.6
4.0
3.4
3.3
4.7
4.8
5.1
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
1,293.1
90.8
254.1
1,302.6
94.1
256.7
1,307.4
94.8
258.3
61.9
4.0
12.2
52.9
3.5
11.3
56.7
3.8
12.2
4.8
4.4
4.8
4.1
3.8
4.4
4.3
4.0
4.7
Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro
1,685.5
179.5
491.8
43.9
1,717.8
188.7
515.7
44.9
1,711.4
189.0
513.8
44.1
146.3
8.8
35.2
4.9
134.5
8.6
30.6
3.7
133.1
9.1
30.6
3.8
8.7
4.9
7.2
11.2
7.8
4.6
5.9
8.3
7.8
4.8
5.9
8.6
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux .
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans ..
Shreveport
1,989.9
63.1
266.9
75.3
102.0
72.0
612.8
170.1
1,907.7
60.1
261.3
70.2
96.1
67.6
590.5
165.9
1,925.2
60.6
261.8
70.2
96.7
69.3
599.4
167.3
250.6
6.4
29.0
12.2
13.7
7.6
64.6
19.0
202.4
5.8
23.1
8.0
9.2
6.8
56.0
16.7
202.1
5.6
24.1
7.3
9.1
6.9
55.8
16.5
12.6
10.2
10.9
16.2
13.4
10.5
10.5
11.2
10.6
9.7
8.8
11.4
9.6
10.1
9.5
10.1
10.5
9.3
9.2
10.4
9.4
10.0
9.3
9.8
603.8
42.4
126.6
587.8
41.0
123.7
607.1
42.1
126.5
24.9
2.3
2.8
22.5
1.6
2.6
22.2
1.9
2.6
4.1
5.5
2.2
3.8
4.0
2.1
3.7
4.5
2.1
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
3,101.1
72.5
1,461.9
181.2
101.7
130.8
112.6
3,143.7
73.7
1,488.0
182.3
101.2
131.1
112.7
3,147.1
73.3
1,494.1
181.9
100.7
129.7
113.1
177.3
3.2
72.5
10.9
6.3
8.0
7.0
191.2
3.1
79.5
12.1
7.0
8.0
8.2
Hawaii
Honolulu .
521.9
389.7
522.2
389.8
523.3
390.7
22.3
14.9
Idaho
Boise City .
481.5
103.4
475.6
105.5
485.9
104.7
Illinois1
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
-.-.:.Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
5,853.1
176.7
65.1
86.3
3,222.8
183.4
59.1
198.4
272.0
154.8
152.1
110.0
5,731.0
175.5
66.4
88.1
3,159.0
179.9
57.0
192.3
270.7
152.0
144.4
107.3
Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen ..
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis ..
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute
2,744.4
59.1
54.8
93.0
142.5
194.2
254.6
653.8
62.9
57.2
125.6
58.0
Georgia
Athens ..
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins .
Savannah
,
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn .
Portland
:
May
1988
See footnotes at end of table.
113
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
June
1987
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
Maryland
Baltimore
2,427.7
1,172.7
2,436.5
1,170.1
2,459.0
1,184.8
102.8
54.0
100.1
52.6
Massachusetts1
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester
3,147.8
1,553.2
98.1
76.3
47.1
187.7
151.9
85.5
255.1
217.1
3,105.8
1,540.2
97.6
74.6
45.1
184.3
149.0
85.4
253.1
218.9
3,216.7
1,583.4
101.9
77.1
46.8
189.2
153.0
88.7
261.0
224.8
97.3
42.0
3.5
3.6
1.9
8.4
5.2
3.9
8.5
6.1
Michigan1
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
4,577.3
154.8
65.0
77.6
2,219.4
203.0
349.4
112.9
240.9
69.1
186.0
4,507.2
161.5
63.8
78.1
2,166.6
197.6
351.4
113.9
239.2
67.1
184.3
4,593.8
162.1
65.4
79.5
2,208.2
203.4
357.8
115.6
240.7
68.4
188.8
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
2,284.6
108.5
1,353.7
57.8
89.7
2,342.0
107.1
1,389.0
59.2
96.7
Mississippi
Jackson
1,167.5
201.6
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
May
1988
June
1988P
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
108.5
59.1
4.2
4.6
4.1
4.5
4.4
5.0
83.8
36.2
3.1
3.2
1.4
6.2
4.2
3.4
6.7
5.6
110.2
47.6
4.3
4.0
2.1
7.7
5.9
4.2
8.7
7.2
3.1
2.7
3.6
4.7
4.1
4.5
3.4
4.6
3.3
2.8
2.7
2.3
3.2
4.3
3.1
3.4
2.8
4.0
2.6
2.5
3.4
3.0
4.3
5.2
4.5
4.1
3.8
4.7
3.3
3.2
408.6
7.9
5.4
6.5
199.5
25.8
24.3
6.8
17.0
7.7
18.1
295.1
5.5
3.9
4.6
145.6
26.0
15.4
4.6
11.3
5.2
11.7
326.4
5.9
4.7
5.0
161.5
29.7
18.6
5.1
13.2
5.9
12.6
8.9
5.1
8.4
8.4
9.0
12.7
7.0
6.1
7.1
11.2
9.8
6.5
3.4
6.2
5.9
6.7
13.2
4.4
4.0
4.7
7.7
6.3
7.1
3.7
7.2
6.3
7.3
14.6
5.2
4.4
5.5
8.7
6.7
2,373.9
108.6
1,402.5
60.7
96.1
119.0
9.8
59.9
2.2
5.2
75.6
5.7
38.7
1.4
3.2
80.5
5.8
41.5
1.5
3.7
5.2
9.0
4.4
3.8
5.8
3.2
5.4
2.8
2.3
3.3
3.4
5.3
3.0
2.4
3.8
1,156.1
203.8
1,149.4
204.1
123.2
15.3
81.3
10.2
90.1
11.3
10.6
7.6
7.0
5.0
7.8
5.5
2,598.3
840.5
1,282.2
119.8
2,584.6
835.3
1,265.4
123.6
2,612.8
841.5
1,281.3
121.3
158.1
48.6
90.8
5.7
119.2
35.9
71.9
4.2
133.5
39.7
79.5
4.4
6.1
5.8
7.1
4.7
4.6
4.3
5.7
3.4
5.1
4.7
6.2
3.7
Montana
413.0
407.4
411.4
29.1
27.6
26.3
7.0
6.8
6.4
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
810.3
119.5
323.8
808.2
122.3
321.5
823.5
121.1
327.2
40.0
3.8
17.7
26.8
4.1
11.5
27.3
3.2
12.7
4.9
3.2
5.5
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.3
2.6
3.9
Nevada
Las Vegas
565.4
327.0
138.7
579.8
337.4
141.9
582.8
339.0
141.7
35.1
21.7
7.5
31.1
19.5
6.6
31.6
20.5
6.2
6.2
6.6
5.4
5.4
5.8
4.7
5.4
6.1
4.4
New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester...,
600.4
98.6
134.7
598.8
99.4
134.2
609.2
100.3
137.1
15.8
3.0
3.1
12.4
2.4
2.0
12.1
2.6
2.0
2.6
3.0
2.3
2.1
2.4
1.5
2.0
2.6
1.4
New Jersey1
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
4,042.2
186.4
731.9
269.9
561.9
490.7
978.1
173.7
3,965.5
171.2
720.8
267.8
559.2
479.3
956.8
172.1
4,024.4
181.4
730.3
269.1
565.3
495.6
966.0
174.3
167.3
9.2
26.1
17.9
16.9
16.3
42.9
6.0
148.8
9.0
22.8
18.3
14.9
15.0
37.2
4.5
146.8
8.2
22.7
17.0
14.7
15.4
37.0
4.7
4.1
4.9
3.6
6.6
3.0
3.3
4.4
3.5
3.8
5.3
3.2
6.8
2.7
3.1
3.9
2.6
3.6
4.5
3.1
6.3
2.6
3.1
3.8
2.7
689.4
261.7
54.8
67.5
690.9
265.9
56.8
66.9
693.4
266.7
56.4
69.3
64.8
18.0
4.5
4.1
55.4
15.6
4.1
3.6
60.2
17.7
5.1
3.7
9.4
6.9
8.3
6.0
8.0
5.9
7.2
5.5
8.7
6.6
9.0
5.4
Reno
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.
114
"
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
June
1987
May
June
1988
1988P
New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
8,540.3
423.9
127.6
451.4
42.0
1,463.5
3,873.5
3,182.0
133.2
127.5
500.7
322.6
136.9
8,269.8
407.0
122.8
433.1
41.8
1,387.7
3,797.5
3,142.5
129.2
125.1
480.4
308.7
132.1
8,555.6
421.8
127.7
447.8
42.7
1,454.4
3,900.2
3,214.4
135.1
130.1
496.4
319.6
138.2
1.5
1.6
1.4
44.6
210.6
191.0
42.1
164.7
147.1
38.8
140.8
125.0
5.9
5.9
4.7
North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham
3,296.3
88.0
630.5
513.0
395.0
3,291.4
86.9
641.7
515.1
394.9
3,343.5
89.7
649.6
521.6
400.1
160.6
4.0
26.7
21.4
13.8
109.4
2.8
18.7
14.5
9.8
116.4
2.6
20.5
15.8
10.6
4.9
337.4
45.9
85.1
36.1
329.6
44.3
87.3
37.3
336.5
45.5
86.9
36.7
15.9
2.2
12.3
13.2
1.8
1.9
1.2
1.9
2.2
1.3
4.7
4.7
3.4
3.6
3.7
4.1
2.9
1.3
3.3
3.5
Ohio1
Akron
Cincinnati
Cleveland ..,
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
5,307.0
318.1
750.4
935.9
699.6
464.9
309.9
224.1
5,242.8
319.5
753.8
923.0
701.6
459.9
309.8
219.5
5,324.5
319.4
763.0
937.7
712.2
467.7
311.0
223.0
385.3
23.1
48.6
60.4
40.4
28.4
24.4
21.7
301.6
18.5
39.5
50.5
32.9
21.9
16.9
14.8
322.9
19.0
42.7
53.4
34.9
24.3
17.6
15.5
7.3
7.3
6.5
6.5
5.8
6.1
7.9
9.7
5.8
5.8
5.2
5.5
4.7
4.8
5.5
6.8
6.1
6.0
5.6
5.7
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,594.4
31.1
50.5
516.4
356.3
1,527.5
29.7
50.3
499.6
339.4
1,527.7
29.9
50.3
502.3
342.5
122.2
94.2
92.5
2.2
2.6
1.6
2.7
1.4
2.6
32.1
30.7
25.2
23.7
24.6
23.5
7.7
7.1
5.2
6.2
8.6
6.2
5.3
5.3
5.0
7.0
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
1,414.7
140.4
637.7
131.9
1,432.0
143.1
652.9
131.5
1,460.1
145.1
664.6
137.2
5.5
5.2
5.0
5.4
5.9
5.4
4.9
6.2
5.8
5.7
4.9
5.9
5,719.4
321.7
59.7
63.4
128.7
316.2
94.7
214.3
2,407.8
961.6
171.2
350.1
58.4
209.0
5,634.7
317.0
59.1
62.0
125.9
314.8
93.0
215.6
2,375.4
936.1
173.3
345.1
59.2
214.1
5.0
4.1
6.8
8.9
6.1
3.9
7.0
3.5
4.2
5.5
4.8
5.6
4.8
4.3
5.6
5.2
7.7
9.4
6.8
4.1
525.3
169.9
339.2
North Dakota ..
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
1
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia...,
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
June
1987
391.3
14.5
May
1988
340.4
14.4
4.7
4.4
21.1
21.1
June
1988p
289.3
11.9
3.7
17.6
4.5
3.3
4.3
3.3
3.9
2.6
20.3
17.3
17.7
16.2
15.0
13.4
78.1
84.0
84.5
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988?
4.6
3.4
3.7
4.7
3.5
3.0
5.4
6.0
3.4
2.6
4.0
5.4
4.3
4.1
3.5
3.6
4.9
3.8
3.0
4.3
4.7
3.3
3.7
5.3
4.5
3.4
2.8
2.9
3.9
3.2
2.7
3.6
3.9
2.9
2.0
3.0
4.2
3.4
3.3
3.3
2.9
2.8
2.5
3.5
2.9
3.2
3.0
2.6
4.6
4.2
4.2
3.5
7.3
7.8
8.2
32.1
31.8
32.4
7.1
8.1
8.0
5,786.1
326.1
61.0
63.9
128.5
321.6
96.2
219.7
2,424.0
967.6
176.8
355.0
60.9
217.0
354.5
18.0
279.5
13.0
325.3
17.0
4.3
6.4
4.0
5.5
7.7
4.7
6.2
5.6
7.3
6.0
10.1
8.8
12.2
13.1
10.3
123.4
67.3
6.5
7.5
7.7
9.1
99.4
51.4
114.0
59.5
9.7
8.3
8.7
24.9
19.4
23.3
3.2
10.9
2.8
9.2
3.1
9.6
7.9
4.7
8.6
4.8
5.1
7.0
5.7
7.1
5.5
5.2
524.7
167.7
342.7
527.4
168.1
344.0
20.2
14.4
16.3
7.3
5.4
9.2
10.6
1,661.9
226.0
231.6
329.2
1,671.7
229.0
237.8
327.7
1,674.9
231.3
238.8
329.7
94.5
11.0
366.5
40.9
73.8
368.3
41.0
73.7
378.9
42.9
74.8
10.1
14.9
8.1
12.8
6.3
2.7
2.2
3.9
4.2
2.5
4.9
5.2
5.7
6.9
6.1
4.8
5.2
4.9
6.9
8.0
4.1
4.7
6.1
4.9
6.6
5.2
4.4
3.9
4.3
3.8
2.7
3.2
2.7
3.1
3.7
3.1
76.8
78.2
5.7
9.6
9.2
7.9
9.6
7.9
14.8
11.3
11.7
4.9
4.1
4.5
4.6
4.0
3.3
3.4
4.7
4.2
3.3
3.5
14.4
11.0
13.3
1.5
2.2
1.2
1.5
2.4
3.9
3.7
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.3
3.1
3.5
3.5
3.2
See footnotes at end of table.
115
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
June
1987
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis LMA
Nashville
Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
May
1988
June
1988P
2,353.9
205.8
216.0
287.0
450.8
521.4
2,379.6
214.9
222.0
283.1
454.9
517.6
2,364.6
213.9
219.2
282.1
452.3
514.0
153.4
12.4
15.2
17.8
25.8
22.4
120.5
11.4
11.1
13.4
20.7
20.6
8,352.4
54.2
101.2
428.0
165.1
82.0
97.9
55.6
164.0
1,459.7
234.7
683.1
112.2
1,636.9
94.5
46.2
80.8
111.6
145.1
51.0
55.1
45.7
612.4
48.9
58.4
78.6
37.6
8,333.8
54.6
101.3
432.2
161.4
82.4
98.1
57.6
163.6
8,596.7
55.7
104.9
436.5
165.9
85.1
102.4
803.2
5.3
7.4
32.5
23.8
1,465.5
1,511.5
249.0
705.8
114.2
1,669.7
98.7
47.3
82.3
105.9
9.9
604.6
3.6
5.8
26.5
16.9
6.8
12.8
2.6
16.2
84.6
24.6
43.7
9.8
113.7
7.2
5.9
6.8
117.2
95.9
60.1
8.0
25.1
5.5
7.2
3.2
55.4
4.2
5.4
7.7
4.0
8.3
5.2
6.2
22.6
3.0
4.0
2.8
49.2
3.1
4.9
5.7
2.6
6.6
3.6
Waco
93.0
Wichita Falls
58.4
238.1
684.1
109.1
1,610.5
95.5
46.3
79.4
114.8
148.8
49.8
54.1
45.8
628.6
50.4
58.9
76.7
36.8
93.7
58.5
56.9
167.1
152.6
51.3
56.2
47.0
647.3
51.6
60.2
79.2
38.0
June
1987
9.1
15.1
3.9
23.0
28.5
55.6
13.8
170.4
8.3
7.6
May
1988
June
1988P
June
1987
May
1988
June
1988P
127.3
11.8
11.7
13.9
21.9
22.5
6.5
6.0
7.1
6.2
5.7
4.3
5.1
5.3
5.0
4.7
4.6
4.0
5.4
5.5
5.3
4.9
4.8
4.4
685.8
9.6
9.8
7.3
7.6
14.4
11.2
7.3
6.6
5.7
6.1
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.9
11.3
9.1
8.8
10.5
8.2
13.0
4.5
9.9
5.8
10.3
6.4
9.0
7.1
7.6
12.8
8.6
5.4
15.2
6.0
7.5
6.0
7.8
6.1
8.4
7.4
7.0
7.1
6.1
3.9
6.3
29.9
18.7
7.7
14.8
3.0
17.8
98.0
29.5
15.4
49.5
11.1
7.1
14.0
7.3
12.2
8.1
12.3
128.3
8.2
10.4
8.8
6.6
7.6
7.1
24.0
3.2
4.5
16.5
3.1
56.4
3.5
5.2
6.5
3.0
7.7
3.7
12.2
7.2
17.3
10.8
13.1
7.0
9.0
8.7
9.3
9.8
10.7
9.0
14.5
5.3
10.7
6.5
11.9
7.0
9.8
7.7
8.3
13.9
9.2
6.0
15.7
6.2
8.1
6.5
8.7
6.7
8.6
8.2
7.9
8.1
6.1
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen
767.7
98.9
503.5
95.7
495.5
746.6
97.0
493.5
50.0
7.0
30.2
36.4
4.1
22.3
35.3
3.9
22.1
6.5
7.1
6.0
4.9
4.2
4.5
4.7
4.1
4.5
Vermont
Burlington
300.0
74.1
295.0
76.7
299.8
77.8
9.8
1.8
7.8
1.4
7.6
1.5
3.3
2.4
2.7
1.9
2.5
2.0
Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
3,030.0
65.1
3,117.7
68.9
3,170.7
50.8
52.9
73.0
624.0
447.1
120.7
129.3
2.1
3.2
3.7
29.9
16.6
112.2
1.5
3.4
3.4
25.7
120.6
1.8
3.7
14.7
15.0
122.7
4.6
4.8
4.3
3.2
6.3
5.2
4.9
3.8
3.8
3.6
2.2
6.5
4.6
4.1
3.3
3.8
3.8
2.7
6.8
5.2
4.4
3.3
3.9
Washington
Seattle
2,305.1
2,348.0
1,051.8
2,358.6
1,043.7
165.8
61.2
138.5
50.2
138.9
50.4
7.2
6.1
5.9
4.8
5.9
4.8
755.2
118.0
128.1
72.6
72.6
751.9
736.0
115.2
125.1
77.6
10.7
13.4
6.3
6.7
66.5
8.8
9.9
4.6
5.6
65.0
8.8
9.9
4.8
5.4
10.3
9.1
10.4
8.7
9.2
8.8
7.5
7.9
6.5
7.8
8.8
7.6
7.9
6.7
7.6
2,531.3
2,526.7
166.3
70.6
107.0
72.3
55.5
167.9
74.1
106.8
72.7
88.9
61.7
146.7
9.0
4.0
6.2
5.3
4.1
2.7
7.7
41.5
6.0
3.5
102.7
6.4
2.9
4.4
3.3
2.3
1.8
5.6
28.2
3.7
2.6
102.6
5.9
2.9
4.1
3.2
2.7
2.0
5.7
28.9
3.9
2.7
5.8
5.4
5.7
5.8
7.4
7.4
5.1
3.6
5.6
6.9
6.0
4.1
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.5
4.1
3.2
2.5
3.7
4.3
4.3
4.0
3.5
3.9
3.7
4.4
4.9
3.5
2.6
3.8
4.4
4.3
238.8
19.5
13.1
11.5
7.7
5.6
4.8
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
71.9
608.1
432.9
121.2
749.1
116.3
126.1
70.9
71.4
54.9
56.1
52.8
214.0
746.4
87.2
59.4
219.8
751.3
86.5
60.2
254.9
233.6
1
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the
Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1987 have been
68.3
53.8
74.6
638.2
452.0
71.5
70.6
2,582.8
171.8
74.8
109.7
73.3
55.6
56.7
222.0
767.7
3.9
28.3
benchmarked to 1987 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the
11 States designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1988 are provisional and will be
revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Area definitions are
published annually in the May issue of this publication.
Explanatory Notes
Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over.
The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the
unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race,
family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor
force. The information is collected by trained interviewers
from a sample of over about 55,800 households, representing 729 areas in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on
nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based
on payroll reports from a sample of over 300,000 establishments employing over 38 million nonagricultural wage and
salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part
time, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th day of the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are readily obtained only from the household
survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of differences in definitions and coverage, sources
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons,
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the
survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. Civilian
employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once and are
classified according to the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not
at work during the survey week—that is, were not working
but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
disputes, or because they were taking time off for various
other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers
for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Green's article, ''Comparing Employment Estimates From Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly
Labor Review, December 1969.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by
117
employers. In the household survey data, all persons with
a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll
survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during
the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures median earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the household
survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the
Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.
COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work
or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they
had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance
claims, prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who
have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have
not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons
losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems
(some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family
workers). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended
to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000
or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in
20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with
a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
118
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment"
by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of
Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the
inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who
are counted more than once if they work on more than one
farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating
methods which cannot be readily measured in terms of their
impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.
COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from
employment counts derived by the Bureau of Census from
its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts
of an establishment, such as central administrative offices
and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional
services, public utilities, and financial establishments,
whereas these are included in the BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics
in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP
excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage
is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads,
parochial schools, and churches, are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in the BLS
establishment statistics.
Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force,
and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of
the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed
description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods
Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current
Population Survey, BLS Report 463. Historical national data
are published in Labor Force Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey: A Databook, BLS Bulletin 2096.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent
the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
Inmates of institutions and persons under 16 years of age
are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and
are excluded from the population and labor force statistics
shown in this publication. Data on the members of the Armed
Forces stationed in the United States, who are included as
part of the categories "noninstitutional population," "labor
force," and "total employment." are obtained from the
Department of Defense.
Each month about 55,800 occupied units are eligible for
interview. About 2,600 of these households are visited but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not
at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of
between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 55,800 occupied
units, there are 11,500 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The
rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be
common from one month to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month a year earlier.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those used since 1967 are
as follows:
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the survey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their
own business, profession, or on their own farm, or who
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise
operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who
were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which
they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor- management disputes, or personal reasons,
whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States are also included in the employed total.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around the house (painting,
repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for
religious, charitable, and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no employment during the survey week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to
find employment some time during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which
they had been laid off or were waiting to report to a new
job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for
work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment
represents the number of full weeks since the termination
of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or
more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of the
present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
median duration are computed from a distribution of single
weeks of unemployment.
Unemployment is also categorized according to the status
of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The
reasons for unemployment are divided into four major
groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work,
and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit
or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and
immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks
or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never
worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Each
of these four categories of the unemployed may be expressed
as an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian
labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made
119
specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week
period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include
those persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to
be called back to a job from which they had been laid off
or (b) were waiting to report to a new job within 30 days.
Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work,
including going to a public or private employment agency
or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other
method. Examples of the "other" category include being
on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from
a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor
pickup point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified
as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The labor force also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers represents
the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident
Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian
labor force participation rate is the ratio of the civilian labor
force to the civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor
force participation rates are usually published for sexage groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of
the noninstitutional population that is employed. The total
employment-population ratio is total employment, including
the resident Armed Forces, as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civilian employment-population ratio is the percentage of all employed civilians in the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as engaged in own home housework, in
school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The "other" group includes
individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work,
the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey
week fell in an off season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because they believed that no jobs were available in the area
or that no jobs were available for which they could qualify—
discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) are
also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a job at the
120
time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
published on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the
detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked
only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth
months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those
which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and
would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967
and 1969, these questions were asked in those households
entering the sample for the first time and those returning for
the second 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"
groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two
or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are classified according to their last full-time
job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications of occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS are
defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed
categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary
workers subdivided into private and government workers;
self-employed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips,
or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for
profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or
operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or
in a business operated by a member of the household to whom
they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, persons who
normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working
in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey
week are designated as working full time. Persons who
worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working
part time. Part-time workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full or part time) and by their
reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or noneconomic reasons). Economic reasons include:
Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of a job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. Noneconomic reasons include:
Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands
of home or school, no desire for full-time work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time
schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or
more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for noneconomic
reasons and usually work full time.
Data on employment "at work" differ from data on total
employment because they exclude persons in the zero-hours-
worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are
persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week
for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute.
Employed persons are also categorized into full- and parttime groupings based primarily on their usual status. In this
context, full-time workers are those who (a) worked 35 hours
or more during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours
for economic or noneconomic reasons, but usually work full
time, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work full time. Similarly, part-time workers are those who
(a) voluntarily worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week,
(b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually
work part time, i.e., persons who could only find part-time
work; and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work part time.
Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are
calculated using the concepts of the fall- and part-time labor
force which are based on the type of job—full or part-time—
that persons—whether working or unemployed—report that
they want. The "full-time labor force" includes all persons
working part time but who desire full-time work, that is,
working part time for economic reasons. Thus, this category
consists of persons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarily working part time regardless of their usual status; and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The
"part-time labor force" consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work.
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost
to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming that;
(1) unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an
average of 37.5 hours, (2) those looking for part-time work
lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference
between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race
of workers. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
All tables in this publication which contain racial data, with
the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data
for the black population group. Because of their relatively
small sample size, data for "other" races are not published.
In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living
on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of
other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic ori-
gin may be of any race; thus they are included in both the
white and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and
May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women
are excluded. Nonveterans are men who never served in the
Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from responses
to the question ' 'How much does.. .USUALLY earn per week
at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime
pay, commissions, or tips usually received. The term
"usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked
during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary
workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who
usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values
above the median and the other having values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within
which each median falls.
Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status are terms used to define the marital status of
individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present,
applies to husband and wife if both were reported as members of the same household even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital,
etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married,
spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent, includes persons who are separated because of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart because
either the husband or the wife was employed and living away
from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had a different
place of residence for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing unit.
A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room
is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for
occupancy as separate living quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term
is never applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple
families but relates only to persons in families maintained
by either men or women without a spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons residing
together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all
such persons are considered as members of one family even
though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child group related by birth or marriage to the householder and sharing the living quarters. The
121
count of families used in this publication excludes unrelated
subfamilies such as lodgers, guests, or resident employees
living in a household but not related to the householder. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the
householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married,
spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all
those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which
the husband, wife, or other persons maintaining the family
is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in tracted
areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD's) in untracted
areas, in which 20 percent or more of the noninstitutional
residents were poor according to the 1980 decennial census.
Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by comparing
money income to a series of poverty income thresholds which
vary by family size and number of children. While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents, many poor persons live outside these areas, and conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total
of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA'S) as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 30,
1983. These definitions differ from those used in the 1980
decennial census. A detailed discussion of the MSA definitions as well as changes in terminology can be found in "The
New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 1980
Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas, PC-S1-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of the total territory outside MSA's.
The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,
comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and in places
of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas. More
specifically, the urban population consists of all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated
as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New
York), and towns (except in the New England States, New
York, and Wisconsin), but excluding those persons living
in the rural portions of extended cities; and (2) other territories, incorporated and unincorporated, included in urbanized
areas. The population not classified as urban constitutes the
rural population.
HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit
The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment was raised from 14 to 16
years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a detailed
discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced
at that time, including estimates of their effect on the various series, see "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment," Employment and Earnings and Monthly
122
Report on the Labor Force, February 1967.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there are
several other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (l)Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by about
350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and men;
other categories were relatively unaffected. (2) Beginning in
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000
in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3) Beginning in 1962, the introduction of
data from the 1960 census reduced the population by about
50,000 and labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4) Beginning
in 1972, information from the 1970 census was introduced
into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by
about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were
raised by a little more than 300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent
population adjustment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment, which affected
the white and black-and-other groups but had little effect on
totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the
black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white
labor force was reduced by 150,000, and the black-and-other
labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the methodology
used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an inflation-deflation
approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had
little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and
over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from InflationDeflation Method of Estimation", in the February 1974
issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons
16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
men and 46,000 women. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in
the other population.
Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures
resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the civilian labor
force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates
were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural
changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978"
in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was
determined by the household respondent for the incoming
rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October
1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the
sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that the entire sample had race determined by the household respondent. The
new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio estimation
method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the
total United States. The reasoning behind the change and an
indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect
on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear
in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of Employment
and Earnings. In addition, current population estimates used
in the second-stage estimation procedure were derived
from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases
in total population and estimates of persons in all labor force
categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however,
remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used is also described in the
February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not,
however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between
1972 and 1979 that are described above, and data users
should make allowances for them in making certain data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment
methodology was updated to account for results obtained
from the 1980 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February
1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only
slight differences between the old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics
and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.
Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS
estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the first
and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite
estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in
the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes
and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation
Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most
estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons
of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were revised back to
January 1980.
Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and
an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreign-born residents for the same time period. As a
result, the total civilian population and labor force estimates
were raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000
and 305,000, respectively, and civilian employment by
270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data have been revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on estimates of
labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this
publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were
introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected
in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire
in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisions of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment and
Earnings.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from those
developed for the 1970 census, which were used in the CPS
from January 1971 through December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved
123
from the Standard Occuptional Classification system (soc).
While the CPS occupational data are now comparable with
other data sources, the new system is so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers". Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification
system (SIC), as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new
system had a much less adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm
equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal
service from "public administration" to "transportation",
and some interchange between "professional and related
services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational
and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in the sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these
changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the
sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is
to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of sample areas
and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation plan was introduced, in
which a sample unit is interviewed for 4 months, leaves the
sample for 8 months, and then returns to the sample for
another 4 months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to account for
the population in these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from census address
lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous
cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster
of four housing units. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable
annual average estimates for States, was incorporated into
the design. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample, composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and
600,000 new construction housing units, was included in
computing the estimates in order to provide coverage of mo124
bile homes and new construction units that previously had
no chance for selection in the CPS sample selected from the
1970 census frame. In January 1980, another supplemental
sample of 9,000 households selected in 32 States and the District of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. Beginning in January 1982, the sample was expanded
by 100 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information rather than 1970 census
information. The selection of new sample areas provided an
opportunity to improve the efficiency of the sample design.
Sample areas chosen to replace incoming sample areas account
for only 10 percent of the national estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted in increased reliability for State estimates with
a slightly reduced sample size. Sample households are chosen
from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973 geographic areas
in the United States. This current number of sample areas is
not completely comparable to the old number of sample areas
since many of the sample areas have been redefined. (See pp.
7-10 of the May 1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for
an overview of these new definitions and the introduction of
the new sample.) A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was implemented in April 1988.
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS
sample design in use during the different data collection
periods. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in the Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey,
Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons
within the same State have the same probability of selection.
These estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations
of similar sample areas that are not necessarily contained
within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within
Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 .
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 .
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 .
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966 .
Jan. 1967 to July 1971 .
Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977 .
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 .
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984 .
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988 .
Apr. 1988 to present.
Number of sample
areas
68
230
330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
1
Households eligible
Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
Households visited but
not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage
in each State and the District of Columbia
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and
Hawaii after statehood.
each combination of sample areas there is a further breakdown by residence. MSA sample areas are categorized by
4
'central city" and "balance of the MSA". Residence
categories of non-MSA areas are "urban" and "rural". The
proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from
4 to 5 percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.
further reduce variability of the estimates and to correct to some
extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial census, is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the sample
estimates are adjusted within each State and the District of
Columbia to an independent control for the population 16
years and over. The second step involves an adjustment by
Hispanic origin to a national estimate for eight age-sex
categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the third step,
a national adjustment is made by the race categories of white,
black, and other races to independent estimates by age and
sex. The white and black categories contain 32 age-sex
groups each; the other races category has 6 age-sex cells.
The entire second-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six
times, each time beginning at the weights developed the
previous time. This ensures that the sample estimates of the
population for both State and national age-sex-race-origin
categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure
incorporates changes instituted in January 1985. The nature
and effect of these changes are discussed in detail in
"Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February
1985 issue of Employment and Earnings.
The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of
the trend in the growth of this segment of the population using the two most recent July 1 estimates, adjusted as a last
step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this group.
State estimates by age for July 1 are published annually in
Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description
of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 957 of that series. A description of the age estimates
methodology is available in Report 1010 of that series.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control for
Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimated Hispanic births
and immigrants and subtracting estimated Hispanic deaths
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that
of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age,
race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey
estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of
ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the
729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas not in
the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only
themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was
designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from
requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas which
represent only themselves. The adjustment is made at the
State level for each of the 43 States which contain nonsample areas by race cells of black and non-black. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell at the
time of the 1980 census between the race distribution of the
population in sample areas and the known race distribution
of the State.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample
proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to
the distribution of independent current estimates of the
civilian noninstitutional population in the same categories.
The second-stage ratio adjustment, which is performed to
125
and emigrants to yield an estimate of the Hispanic population
by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December 1984,
the "inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued
in the preparation of the independent national controls used for
the age-sex-race groups in the third step of the second-stage
ratio estimation procedure. These controls were prepared by
carrying forward the 1980 census data after taking account of
subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and net
migration and then subtracting the estimate for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1985,
the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent population controls was reintroduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the "inflation-deflation" method, the independent
controls are prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to
include estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, aging this
population forward to each subsequent month and later age by
adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These
post-censal population estimates are then deflated to census level
to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. Because an estimate of undercount
is first added and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex
group is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method. Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age structure
of the undercount, but not the level. This feature of the method
is important since the exact amount of undercount in the 1980
census remains unknown.
Data on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and the
estimate date are based on tabulations of vital statistics for the
resident population made by the National Center for Health
Statistics and data on deaths of military personnel overseas from
the Department of Defense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are based on data provided by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service, the Department of Defense, the Office
of Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board.
The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the
estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas.
The institutional population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived from the 1980 census to the total
population, including Armed Forces overseas for the estimate
date. All computations described above are performed in cells
defined by single year of age, race, and sex. The independent
national control totals are then obtained by collapsing these cells
into broader age groups for the population 16 years and older.
Beginning in January 1986, two changes were introduced
into the estimation of the independent population controls. For
the first time, an explicit allowance for net undocumented immigration since April 1, 1980 (the census date) was added to
the estimated level of legal immigration. In addition, an increase in the estimate of emigration of legal foreign-born residents has been incorporated into the postcensal population
estimates since 1980. The nature and effect of these changes
are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January
1986" in the February 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings.
126
3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a
given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which
takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent), as well as the sample
results for the current month. Also included is an additional
term which is an estimate of the net difference between incoming and continuing parts of the current month's sample. Almost
all estimates of month-to-month change are improved by this
procedure, and most estimates of level are also improved, but
to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding
of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly,
sums of percent distributions may not always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
measure any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify
some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS , as discussed
below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by
the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases
in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall
information, errors made in collection such as in recording or
coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made
in estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent
all sample households and all persons within sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate,
among other things, that the data published from the CPS are
subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS
reinterview program and some of the other results may be found
in the Current Population Survey Reinterview Program,
January 1961 Through December 1966, Technical Paper No.
19, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies
by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in
"The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From
Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March
1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage
is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage
varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally,
undercoverage is larger for men than for women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races combined than for
whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-raceHispanic origin population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-Hispanic origin group. Further, the independent population controls used
have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and
Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of error and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure
of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs
by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, ranges
that would include the average of all possible samples with
a known probability. For example, if all possible samples
were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the
same general conditions and using the same sample design,
and an estimate and its estimated error were calculated from
each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average of all possible
samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2
standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be prepared
at a moderate cost, a number of approximations are required.
First, the standard errors in this volume reflect the sample
design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may
slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present
design. Second, instead of computing an individual standard
error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors
are computed for various types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard errors.
Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided give an
indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error
of an estimate rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for
major employment status characteristics for monthly estimates and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors
for monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated
totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and
month-to-month change for percentages. Standard errors for
intermediate values not shown in the table may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely
related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the
size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-tomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it
is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard errors
for month-to-month change apply only to estimates of change
between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with tables D, F, H, and I to
compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor force
participation rates, and percentages as pertaining to the yearto-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes in
quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive
quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample
size. For years prior to 1956, the standard errors should be
multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66 period they should
be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard
127
Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(in thousands)
Standard error of—
Employment status, sex,
age, and race
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over.
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed .
Monthly
level
Month-tomonth
change
(consecutive
months only)
275
293
136
212
224
140
173
186
93
151
163
95
211
212
83
155
160
87
88
92
59
94
102
66
94
104
68
73
79
71
59
64
44
51
57
47
76
76
45
50
54
48
36
33
30
40
38
33
errors for quarterly estimates of persons and families for use
with the CPS earnings data.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for
month-to-month change. The figures given in these tables
are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000,
an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table D shows that the
standard error on an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 174,000.
The 68-percent confidence interval as shown by these data
is from 11,826,000 to 12,174,000. Therefore, a conclusion
that the average estimate derived from all possible samples
lies within a range computed in this way would be correct
for roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is primarily
dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using
linear interpolation in the first column of table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000, when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000, is about 129,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability
of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and
denominator, depends upon both the size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage is
based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more
Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—
Characteristic
Characteristic
Monthly level
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and over.
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
White workers.
Black workers
Married men, spouse present . . .
Married women, spouse present.
Full-time workers .
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over
0.11
.15
.16
.67
.11
.51
.15
.19
.12
.34
.06
Consecutivemonth change
0.12
.15
.17
.81
.12
.54
.17
.21
.12
.42
.07
Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial . .
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support.
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical .
Private household .
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective.
128
Standard error of—
.22
.19
.47
.29
.23
1.18
.76
.24
.21
.52
.33
.26
1.33
.85
.39
.43
Monthly level
Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair.
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing .
Consecutivemonth change
0.32
0.36
.49
.59
.55
.66
.72
.68
.82
.76
.12
1.63
.65
.26
.33
.42
.13
1.86
.75
.29
.37
.47
.42
.27
.20
.23
1.16
.48
.30
.22
.25
1.32
Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers .
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing . . .
Durable goods . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade .
Finance and services.
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers.
reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator
of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than
75,000, the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or
the annual average base is less than 35,000.
Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for unemployment
rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained through the use of the standard errors
in table H and the factors in table I. First, obtain the standard error from table H for the specific percentage and base.
The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table H by the appropriate
factor from table I. When the numerator and denominator
of the percentage are in different categories, use the factor
indicated by the numerator of the percentage.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month 2.9 percent of a
total of 112,440,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 2.9 percent with
a base of 112,440,000 is obtained from table H (0.08 percent).
The appropriate factor from table I for the numerator of the
percentage, agricultural employment, is 1.26. The generalized
standard error on the estimated 2.9 percent is then approximately 0.08 x 1.26 = 0.10 percentage point.
Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages, and changes in yearly averages. The approximate
standard errors of levels, rates, and percentages involving
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using table
J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for
estimates of change are more closely related to the level of
the estimate than to the size of the specific change. Thus,
to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an average level,
rate, or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate,
or percentage, it is first necessary to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate,
or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate, or percentage, find the
standard error of the average of the two estimates affecting
the change. Then, after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from
table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.
Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the year-to-year
change of a monthly unemployment rate. Assume that for
a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.2 percent, based
on a total of 119,865,000 in the civilian labor force, and that
Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Unemployment
Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Agricultural
employment
50 .
100 .
500 ..
1,000.
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000
100,000.
120,000.
140,000.
15
21
47
66
93
131
159
182
202
_
Total or
white
Black
Total or
white
Black
11
16
36
51
72
101
123
141
156
188
213
-
12
17
38
53
73
97
110
116
12
17
37
52
74
104
126
145
161
193
219
259
286
306
319
326
327
314
274
195
12
17
37
51
1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error
70
92
104
109
108
74
Total or
white, 16 to Black, 16 to
19 years
19 years
12
17
36
50
68
86
92
88
72
12
16
32
35
Total nr
1 VJICLI \J\
Black men
white men
only, or
only, or
women only
women only
11
15
34
49
68
95
115
132
145
172
191
215
225
222
206
172
107
10
14
31
43
58
73
76
69
47
of the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.
129
Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment
Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Total or white
50..
100.
500 ..
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 . .
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
13
18
40
56
78
108
129
144
157
177
184
-
Both sexes 16
to 19 years,
or part-time
labor force2
14
20
45
63
89
124
150
-
Black
13
19
41
57
76
95
99
89
58
-
Black, 16 to
Total or white
19 years
14
20
38
41
9
12
27
39
55
77
93
107
119
143
163
192
213
228
238
244
245
237
212
160
Black
Total or white, Black, 16 to
19 years
16 to 19 years
9
12
27
38
52
68
78
82
81
59
_
14
20
43
59
80
100
104
94
,65
-
14
19
37
39
_
' See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentering
the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of
unemployment.
a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 7.0 percent,
based on a total of 117,834,000 in the civilian labor force
for the month. First, the standard error on the average of
the two estimates, 6.6 percent with a base of 118,850,000,
is obtained from table F (0.11 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate
standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given
by 0.11 x 1.40 = 0.15 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving yearto-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using
table K in conjunction with the following formula:
lation between the estimates X and Y resulting from the
presence of some of the same respondents in the sample for
each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, the values of P are 0.30 for persons (total,
white, and black) and 0.35 for families (total, white, and
black). The respective values for estimates of Hispanics are
0.45 and 0.55.
2
Standard
error of
year-to-year
change =
/ '
\
//Stand-\
II
,
1
/
\
/StandA
I
,
1
/
v
/
^
/StandA /Stand' ard j I ard
error
error
x
A
Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number of
women employed as full-time wage and salary workers was
27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year later, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Using linear interpolation
in the eighth column of table K, the standard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000; for 29,000,000 it is
221,000. Using the above formula, the standard error of the
2,000,000 year-to-year change is:
(216,000)2
X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the estimate for
another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a measure of the corre-
130
+
or about 259,000.
(221,000)2
-2(.30)
(216,000)
(221,000),
Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50. .
100.
500 . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 .
100,000 .
120,000
140,000
2
2.28
1.61
.72
.51
.36
.25
.21
.16
.11
.07
.05
.05
.04
5
10
15
20
25
3.20
2.26
1.01
.72
.51
.36
.29
.23
.16
.09
.07
.07
.06
4.98
3.52
1.58
1.11
.79
.56
.45
.35
.25
.14
.11
.10
.09
6.85
4.84
2.16
1.53
1.08
.77
.62
.48
.34
.20
.15
.14
.13
8.13
5.75
2.57
1.82
1.29
.91
.74
.58
.41
.24
.18
.17
.15
9.09
6.43
2.88
2.03
1.44
1.02
.83
.64
.45
.26
.20
.19
.17
9.82
6.94
3.11
2.20
1.55
1.10
.90
.69
.49
.28
.22
.20
.19
30
35
50
10.36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16
.95
.73
.52
.30
.23
.21
.20
10.75
7.60
3.40
2.40
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.31
.24
.22
.21
11.12
7.87
3.52
2.49
1.76
1.24
1.02
.79
.56
.32
.25
.23
.21
30
35
50
Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50 ..
100.
500 ..
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 .
100,000 .
120,000
140,000
2
2.53
1.79
.80
.57
.40
.28
.23
.18
.13
.07
.06
.05
.05
5
10
15
20
25
3.57
2.52
1.13
.80
.56
.40
.33
.25
.18
.10
.08
.07
.07
5.60
3.96
1.77
1.25
.88
.63
.51
.39
.28
.16
.12
.11
.10
7.83
5.53
2.47
1.75
1.23
.87
.71
.55
.38
.21
.15
.14
9.47
6.69
2.99
2.11
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.46
.24
.17
.15
10.79
7.63
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.97
.75
.51
.27
.18
11.91
8.42
3.76
2.65
1.87
1.32
1.07
.82
.56
.28
12.87
9.10
4.06
2.87
2.02
1.42
1.15
.88
.60
13.71
9.69
4.33
3.05
2.15
1.51
1.22
.93
.62
15.67
11.08
4.94
3.48
2.44
1.70
1.37
1.03
Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor force data
Percentage of monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(in thousands)
50. .
100.
500 ..
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
10,000 .
20,000 .
40,000 .
60,000 .
80,000 .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
160,000
1 or 99
2 or 98
5 or 95
10 or 90
15 or 85
20 or 80
2.34
1.65
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.17
.12
.08
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04
.04
3.29
2.33
1.04
.74
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.12
.10
.08
.07
.07
.06
.06
5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.26
.18
.15
.13
.11
.10
.10
.09
7.05
4.99
2.23
1.58
1.12
.79
.64
.50
.35
.25
.20
.18
.16
.14
.13
.12
8.39
5.94
2.65
1.88
1.33
.94
.77
.59
.42
.30
.24
.21
.19
.17
.16
.15
9.40
6.65
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.47
.33
.27
.24
.21
.19
.18
.17
25 or 75
10.18
7.20
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.72
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.21
.19
.18
30 or 70
10.77
7.62
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.38
.31
.27
.24
.22
.20
.19
35 or 65
11.21
7.93
3.55
2.51
1.77
1.25
1.02
.79
.56
.40
.32
.28
.25
.23
.21
.20
50
11.75
8.31
3.72
2.63
1.86
1.31
1.07
.83
.59
.42
.34
.29
.26
.24
.22
.21
NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in
table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific characteristic.
131
Table I. Factors to be used with table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change in percentages
Factor
Factor
Characteristic
Characteristic
Monthly level
Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force .
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total
Men o n l y . . .
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Part-time labor force.
1.26
1.26
1.05
1.50
Monthly level
Month-tomonth change
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18
1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00
Month-tomonth change
1.01
1.21
.97
.97
1.08
1.21
1.04
1.04
1.13
1.24
Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Table J. Factors to be used with tables D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages,
and change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic
Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate
Quarterly
averages
Change in
quarterly
averages
Yearly
averages
Change in
yearly
averages
1.30
1.30
1.40
0.89
.83
.74
0.80
.80
.80
0.72
.58
.46
0.70
.70
.70
1.30
1.30
1.40
.88
.82
.74
.88
.88
.88
.67
.57
.46
.70
.70
.60
1.40
1.40
.76
.69
.88
.88
.50
.39
.65
.54
Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time .
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time.
Unemployment:
Total . . . .
Part time.
132
Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly levels, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Women
Men
Total
Estimated quarterly level
Total or full-time workers
Total or full-time workers
ran-iime
workers
10 .
50 .
75 ..
100 .
150 .
200 .
250 .
300 .
500 .
750 ..
1,000.
1,500.
2,000 .
2,500 .
3,000 .
5,000 .
7,500
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
25,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
75,000 . .
100,000
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
76
83
107
130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343
Total or
white
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85
93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255
ran-iime
workers
Total
Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102
102
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
233
-
White
Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201
160
160
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174
100
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50
59
65
69
71
64
64
Total, full-time, or
part-time workers
Total or
white
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242
249
-
Black
5
11
13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85
88
-
133
Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment and hours and earnings in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Historical statistics are published in Employment, Hours, and
Earnings, United States, 1909-84, and Employment, Hours,
and Earnings, States and Areas, 1939-82 and their supplements.
industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation and for States and areas are classified in accordance with
the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SICM),
Office of Management and Budget. The BLS tabulates and
estimates statistics which distinguish between private and
public establishments, thus maintaining continuity with previously published statistics for the private and government
sector.
Federal-State cooperation
Industry employment
Under cooperative arrangements, responding establishments report employment, hours, and earnings data to State
agencies. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments
and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the reported data to prepare State
and area series and also send the reported data to the BLS
(Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series. This avoids a duplicate reporting burden on establishments, and, together with the use of similar estimating
techniques at the national and State levels, promotes increased
comparability between estimates.
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received
pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month.
Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency also
are excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave
without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were
hired but have not yet reported during the period.
Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees
on nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure the percent of industries which posted increases in employment over
the specified time span. The indexes are calculated from 185
seasonally adjusted employment series (two-digit nonmanufacturing industries and three-digit manufacturing industries) covering all nonagricultural payroll employment in
the private sector. A more detailed discussion of these indexes appears in "Introduction of Diffusion Indexes," in the
December 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Shuttle schedules
Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each
month so that the next month's data can be entered on the
space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting,
since the respondent can see the figures that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, employment, payroll, and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
Since January 1980, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports
filed by employers. For an establishment making more than
one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the
134
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.
ent from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled
hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further
reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing,
assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance,
repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant),
recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the
above production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in
the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified
craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers,
etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair,
maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting
and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the
construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services are
closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union
dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation,
and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless
earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not
earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips;
and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in
kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and
other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,
paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month for production, construction,
or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received
directly from the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because
the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either
the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay
period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and
holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were
paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable
factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They
also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers'
earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups
and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly
earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is differ-
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage
payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate
weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's
aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1977.
For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product
of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry
aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component
aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month to month; for example, overtime
premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time
workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse
trends at the industry group level also may be caused by a
marked change in hours for a component industry where little
or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current
months. In addition, such factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence
on overtime hours as on average hours.
135
(SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (sic 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods
apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments
are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to
calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and
cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the
payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the
payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated
portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum
amount to account for persons who received the payment but
left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly
earnings, excluding overtime premium pay, are computed
by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are
based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC
group I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly
earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total
hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly
basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also
by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not
paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-time trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force. For
example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of
part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries
and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
136
Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the establishment statistics are (1) the use
of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio
estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels
to new benchmarks; and (3) the use of size and regional
stratification.
The "link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of currentmonth employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and
nonproduction workers together) for the current month are
obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month
by these link relatives. In addition, bias correction factors
are applied to selected employment estimates each month.
The size of the bias correction factors is determined from
past benchmark comparisons. Beginning with data for April
1983, these factors are modified by changes in the sample
link relatives for the most recent quarter. Other features of
the general procedures are described in table L.
Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and
earnings for aggregation into broader industry groupings.
Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment,
hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a whole
industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with
benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the
various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1986 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State
unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover about
98 percent of employees on nonagricultural payrolls in the
United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained
Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings
Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)
Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)
Monthly data
All employees.
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by
ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments
which reported for both months.1
Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.
All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by
(1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to
all employees in sample establishments for current
month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees.2
Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates,
or estimates of women employees, for component cells.
Average weekly hours .
Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by
number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2
Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.
Average weekly overtime hours .
Production worker overtime hours divided by number
of production workers.2
Average, weighted by production worker employment, of
the average weekly overtime hours for component cells.
Average hourly earnings .
Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hours.2
Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
hourly earnings for component cells.
Average weekly earnings .
Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.
Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees.
Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers .
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Average weekly hours .
Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average
weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment
Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.
Average weekly overtime hours .
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production
worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production
workers divided by annual sum of employment for
these workers.
Average hourly earnings .
Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly
hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual
aggregate hours.
Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.
Average weekly earnings.
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed
enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by
a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and,
at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average. •
137
from the records of the Social Security Administration, the
Interstate Commerce Commmission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with
new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are
necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new benchmark and
the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month
by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the
benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the
sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in
the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions
made at the time of the March 1987 benchmark adjustment
is shown in table M.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been adjusted are subject to revision. Revised data
are published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is
known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional
to the average size of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty.
The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost
considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high
proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively
few establishments, a larger percent of total employment is
included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large
establishments, with only a few chosen from among the
smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is
in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources,
it is necessary to design samples for these industries with
a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case
for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show
less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than
do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller
samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS establishment survey program,
with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost,
a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of
a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to
produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after the reference period, and, at a somewhat later date,
statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table N shows the approximate proportion of
total employment in each industry division covered by the
group of establishments furnishing monthly employment
data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions shown.
Table N. Approximate size ancI coverage of BLS employment
and payrolls sample, March 19871
Industry
Total .
Table M. Comparison of nonagricultural employment
benchmarks and estimates for March 1987
Industry
Total.
Mining . . . .
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services . . .
Government .
1
Less than 0.05 percent.
138
Benchmark
Estimate
Percent
difference
100,427
100,462
(1)
696
4,531
18,810
718
4,599
18,897
-3.2
-1.5
-.5
5,274
5,763
17,902
5,275
5,725
17,737
(1)
.7
.9
6,443
23,754
17,254
6,478
23,723
17,310
-.5
.1
-.3
Mining
Construction .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, ana
real estate
Services . . . .
Government:
Federal2
State .
Local.
Number
of establishments
in sample
Employees
Number
reported
246,256 37,530,000
Percent of
total
37
3,434
22,567
49,214
11,820
21,802
44,982
265,000
808,000
9,522,000
2,377,000
956,000
3,509,000
38
18
51
45
17
20
17,699
54,782
2,140,000
5,495,000
33
23
(2)
4,795
15,161
2,916,000
3,298,000
6,244,000
100
81
61
1
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Since not all establishments
report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based
on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
Total Federal employment counts for use in national estimates are provided
to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for
the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a sample of 4,600 reports covering about 55 percent of employment in Federal establishments.
Reliability
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the
same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the
previous section, a link relative technique is used to estimate
employment. This requires the use of the previous month's
estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated
error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new
benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates
for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which
are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are
adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed
industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes
in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presents
the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of
individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau
upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating cells
are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however,
are subject to sampling errors, which may be expressed as
Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)
Industry
Total
Total private.
Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing . .
Durable goods . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services . . .
Government3
Relative
Average
benchmark
revision in
estimates Average
of employ- weekly
hours
ment1
error2
Average
hourly
earnings
0.2
.2
2.9
1.4
.9
.3
.2
.5
0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.2
.2
.4
0.2
1.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.6
.4
.4
.4
.6
• The average percent revision in employment for the 1983-87 benchmarks.
' Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a sample of State
and local government reports.
2
relative errors of the estimate. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative
errors for major industries are presented in table O and for
individual industries with the specified number of employees
in table P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours
and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a
smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages
that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error
(RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for
the bias in estimates:
RMSE =
v
(standard deviation)2
-I-
(bias)2
If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark
by less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are
about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice
the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between
final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in
the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have
been received. Table Q presents root-mean-square errors of
the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the
preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary
and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary
hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than
0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly
earnings.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, and earnings data are
collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas.
Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings
Size of employment estimate
50,000 .
100,000 .
200,000 .
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
Relative error2
Root(in percent)
meansquare _
error of
Average Average
employweekly
hourly
ment
earnings
estimates1
hours
2,100
3,900
5,600
14,000
15,000
26,000
2.2
1.3
1.1
.9
.8
.5
4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9
3
1
2
Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
139
Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue
of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may
be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may
differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification.
Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error
of—
Root-mean-square error
ofIndustry
Monthly
level
Industry
Month-to-month
change
Total .
89,600
89,100
Total private .
62,700
60,000
Goods-producing industries.
22,400
20,800
Mining
Oil and gas extraction .
4,700
4,000
4,400,
3,400
Construction
General building contractors.
14,800
5,000
15,700
5,200
Manufacturing.
19,200
12,700
2,100
1,700
1,600
4,700
3,600
2,500
6,000
5,100
8,100
7,000
2,000
1,900
3,400
2,300
7,300
5,100
7,400
7,000
2,200
1,800
8,900
5,600
1,600
1,800
8,500
5,700
1,500
1,700
4,700
1,600
2,200
4,100
1,400
2,100
Month-to-month
change
19,300
14,400
2,300
1,700
1,600
4,700
Monthly
level
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic
steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical . . . .
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment.
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing . . .
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products.
Tobacco manufactures .
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile
products
Paper and allied products .
Printing and publishing .
Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products . .
Petroleum and coal products , .
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products . .
2,700
1,200
2,900
1,100
1,600
1,800
1,700
1,700
86,300
85,700
15,500
17,800
13,900
17,300
6,800
6,400
9,400
6,100
5,400
8,200
5,500
4,600
40,700
23,900
6,900
36,100
21,400
6,200
3,300
10,900
3,200
10,300
8,400
4,000
3,800
4,800
7,500
3,900
3,100
3,800
Services
Business services.
Health services.
34,700
11,000
10,300
31,700
10,500
10,100
Government.
Federal.
State.
Local .
62,800
16,900
22,600
34,900
54,500
11,700
20,600
32,400
Service-producing industries.
Transportation and public utilities . .
Transportation
Communication and public
utilities.
Wholesale trade.
Durable g o o d s . . . .
Nondurable goods.
Retail trade
General merchandise stores .
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
Eating and drinking places .
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance . .
Insurance . .
Real estate.
NOTE: Data are based on differences from December 1982 through December 1987.
140
Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION
Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of compensation and gross national product supplied by the U.S.
Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board.
CONCEPTS
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employeesproduction workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried
workers.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final goods
and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output
per hour of all persons measure changes in the volume of
goods and services produced per paid hour of labor input.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance
and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate
of wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which
there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer
Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlaborpayments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are .com-
puted by subtracting compensation of all persons from the
current-dollar gross national product and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the constant-dollar
estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index for
gross product of the sector reported.
NOTES ON THE DATA
For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the gross domestic product less households and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and the
statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic product of nonfinancial corporate business.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the
Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates
of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hours data are from the
Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81, BLS
Bulletin 2178. Additional information may be obtained from
the Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523-9261).
State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA'S), and other areas covered under Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment
security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program.
The local unemployment estimates which are derived from
standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis of
determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal
programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act and the
Public Works and Economic Development Act.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown in table D are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the
May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas,
and central cities, annual average data classified by selected
demographic, social, and economic characteristics are
published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force and unemployment estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and
may be ordered from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. The
report "Employment and Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly through GPO and is available on microfiche only on a subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
The civilian labor force and unemployment estimates in
11 large States: New York, California, Illinois, Ohio, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Texas, Massachusetts,
141
North Carolina, and Florida are sufficiently reliable to be
used directly from the CPS. For a description of the CPS concepts, see "Household Data," above.
Monthly labor force and unemployment estimates in the
remaining 39 States, the District of Columbia, and over 2,600
labor market areas are prepared in several stages. The civilian
labor force is the sum of the employment and unemployment
levels, which are estimated in accordance with the BLS
Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment Statistics.
1. Preliminary estimate—employment: The total civilian employment estimate is based on data from the survey of establishments which produces an estimate of payroll
employment. This place-of-work estimate must be adjusted
to refer to place of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for
adjusting from place of work to place of residence have been
developed for the several categories of employment on the
basis of employment relationships which existed at the time
of the 1980 decennial census. These factors are applied to
the payroll employment estimates for the current period to
obtain adjusted employment estimates to which are added
estimates for employment not covered by unemployment insurance (ui).
2. Preliminary estimate—unemployment: In the current
month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the
estimates for each of three categories: (1) Persons who were
previously employed in industries covered by State ui laws;
(2) those previously employed in industries not covered by
these laws; and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor
force for the first time or reentering after a period of separation. This is referred to below as the ui-based estimate.
An estimate for those previously employed in covered industries is derived from a count of current employment insurance claimants, plus estimates of claimants whose benefits
have been exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving benefits for nonmonetary reasons (because they quit, were
discharged for cause, etc., but would otherwise have been
eligible), and persons who either filed claims late or not at all.
The estimate of those previously employed in industries
not covered by ui is derived by applying to the employment
estimate for each noncovered industry or class of worker subgroup in the State, the ratio of covered unemployment to covered employment weighted by factors reflecting national
historical relationships.
For the third category, new entrants and reentrants into
the labor force, a composite estimate is developed from equations that relate the total entrants into the labor force to the
experienced unemployed and the experienced labor force.
For each month, the estimate of entrants into the labor force
142
is a function of: (a) the month of the year; (b) the level of
the experienced unemployed; (c) the level of the experienced
labor force; and (d) the proportion of the working age population that is considered "youth."
3. Monthly reconciliation with the CPS. Each month correction factors for employment and unemployment are applied
at the State level to the Ui-based estimates obtained above
for each of the 39 States and the District of Columbia. These
correction factors are based on the ratio of the CPS to the
Ui-based estimates for the 6-month period ending in the current month (e.g., a 6-month moving average). The adjustment is necessary because the State-prepared estimates are
not as reliable as the CPS data due to differences in the State
UI laws, the structural limitations of the Ui-based estimating method, and errors in the UI data.
4. Substate adjustment for additivity. Independent estimates
of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State
(obtained directly from the CPS in the 11 large States or by
the ui-based method in the remaining States), and labor market areas (LMA's) within the State. The total of the geographic areas in the LMA's exhausts the geographic boundaries of
the State. A proportional adjustment is applied to all substate LMA estimates to ensure that the sub-State estimates of
employment and unemployment add to the independent State
totals.
5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year,
monthly estimates prepared by the State employment security agencies using Ui-based estimating procedures are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average CPS
estimates for the 39 States and the District of Columbia for
which monthly CPS estimates are not used directly. This adjustment is made because the State-prepared monthly estimates are not as reliable as the CPS annual averages due to
the limitations of the 6-month moving averge adjustment
procedure. Revisions to the inputs used in the Ui-based estimates are also made at the time of the annual benchmark.
The State wide benchmarked estimates are produced in
three stages. First the monthly ui-based estimates are adjusted by,the ratio of the CPS to the ui-based annual averages.
Second, the difference between the ratio of annual averages
for two consecutive years is wedged into the monthly estimates in order to minimize the disturbance to the original
series. Finally, the third-stage estimates are forced into agreement with CPS annual averages. In the 11 States for which
CPS estimates are used monthly, no benchmark correction
is required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates will equal CPS annual averages.
Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these
seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated
by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other
nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes
in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that
seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which they
are based, since they are subject not only to sampling and
other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the
seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data are
published regularly in Employment and Earnings.
The seasonal adjustment program used for these series is
an adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving-average
method. It provides for *'moving" adjustment factors to take
account of changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the method is given in The X-ll Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal Adjustment Program, Technical
Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Census (1967).
Beginning in January 1980, BLS introduced two major
modifications in the seasonal adjustment methodology for
data from the household survey. First, the data are being
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA,
which was developed at Statistics Canada as an extension
of the existing standard X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal
Adjustment Method, by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E, January 1983. The X-ll procedure was originally developed at the Bureau of the Census
and had been used by the BLS to seasonally adjust labor force
series since 1973. Tests have shown that use of the X-ll
ARIMA procedure, which places more emphasis on recent
data, provides better seasonal adjustments than does the X-l 1
method alone.
The second change is that seasonal adjustment factors are
calculated for use during the first 6 months of the year rather
than for the entire year. In July of each year, BLS calculates
and publishes in Employment and Earnings a set of seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are made at the beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census population counts,
revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982 were
carried back to 1970.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force
components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are
separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is the sum of eight
seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus
the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components;
the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment
by the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will
not necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force
series based on the experience through December, new
seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian
unemployment rate for the first 6 months of the following
year, and a description of the current seasonal adjustment
methodology are published in each January issue of Employment and Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the revision period for a broader range of labor force
series are published in the February issue of this publication.
Beginning in July 1980, the BLS also uses the X-l 1 ARIMA
methodology in seasonally adjusting the establishment data,
which previously had been computed using the BLS Seasonal
Factor Method. All series are seasonally adjusted using the
multiplicative models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors used in calculating the current year's estimates
are based on actual data through March 1988 and projected
data through March 1989. The ARIMA model options for
projecting the data series for 1 year ahead have been used
in seasonally adjusting the establishment series since June
1981.
Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted totals for most of these
series are then obtained by taking a weighted average of the
seasonally adjusted data for the component series. Seasonally
adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted
average weekly hours.
Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by dividing average weekly earnings,
seasonally adjusted, by the seasonally adjusted Consumer
Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
(CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying
average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production
143
or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1977 base. For total private, total goodsproducing, total private service-producing, wholesale trade,
retail trade, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable
goods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate
weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1977 base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series are used
in the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted series, however.
Beginning in June 1983, seasonal adjustment factors for
Federal Government employment are derived from unadjust-
144
ed data which include Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. In earlier years the number
of these workers was substantial, and at times varied greatly from year to year, based on administrative decisions of
the Postal Service. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude this group from the unadjusted data upon which the
seasonal adjustment factors were based. In the past several
years, the number of these workers has decreased to the point
where their presence has no impact on seasonal adjustment.
Temporary census takers for the 1980 decennial census are
removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government employment.
The revised seasonally adjusted series for the establishment data reflect experience through March 1988. Seasonal
adjustment factors to be used for current adjustment appear
in the June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings.
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
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