Full text of Employment and Earnings : April 2000

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Alexis M. Herman, Secretary

April 2000
Vol. 47 No. 4

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner

Calendar of Features

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Employment & Earnings (ISSN 0013-6840; USPS 485-010),
is published monthly and prepared in the Office of
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with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by
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should be directed as follows:
Household data:
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National establishment data:
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State and area establishment data:
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Region, State, and area labor force data:
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In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment & Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Revised seasonally adjusted series

Jan.

Annual averages

Jan.

Earnings by detailed occupation

Jan.

Union affiliation

Jan.

Minimum wage data

Jan.

Employee absences

Jan.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data,
persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veterans
and nonveterans, and weekly earnings data

Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Jan.

Industry detail

March, June

Women employees

March, June

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks
and new seasonal adjustment factors

June

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

Region, State, and area labor force data
Annual averages

May

Periodicals postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
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appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission.




Cover Design:
Keith Tapscott

Employment^Earnings
Editor
John F. Stinson Jr.
Design and Layout
Phyllis L. Lott
Irma Mayfield

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error
Employment and unemployment developments, March 2000
Summary tables and charts
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables

ii
v
1
3
160
198

Statistical tables

Source

Historical

Seasonally
adjusted

Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
Local area labor force data:
Region
State
Area
Household data:
Quarterly averages




Not
seasonally
adjusted
18

44

48
53

65
78
78

45

61

96
119

123
125

136

130
130

147

Monthly Household Data
Page

Historical
A-l. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1966 to date

5

A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1988 to date

6

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
A-5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age

7
8
10
11

Characteristics of the Employed
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex

12
13

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-9.
A-10.
A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.

Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

14
15
16
17
17

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment,
educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment,
sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race

18
21
22
24
25

Characteristics of the Employed
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status ..
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status

26
27
28
29
30
30
31
32
33

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

34
35
36
37
38
38
39
40

Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex

40

Multiple Jobholders
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age




41

42

Monthly Establishment Data
Page

Historical
B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1948 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date

44
45

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group

48
50
51

B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change

52

States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry

53

Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-l 1. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry

61
62
63
64

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-l2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

65

B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group

77

States and Areas
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

78

Hours and Earnings
National
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-l6. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-l7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
States and Areas
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas

96

*

116
117
118
119

Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-l. Labor force status by census region and division
C-2. Labor force status by State

123
125

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data




C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area

130

iii

Quarterly Household Data
Page
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
D-l.
D-2.
D-3.
D-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age

136
137
139
140

Characteristics of the Employed
D-5. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
D-6. Employed persons by age and sex

141
142

Characteristics of the Unemployed
D-7.
D-8.
D-9.
D-10.
D-l 1.

Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

143
144
145
146
146

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
D-l2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
D-l3. Employment status of the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin population by sex and age

147
148

Characteristics of the Employed
D-l 4. Employed white, black, and Hispanic-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker,
and full- or part-time status
D-l 5. Employed Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker,
and full- or part-time status
D-16. Employed persons by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin

149
150
151

Characteristics of the Unemployed
D-17. Unemployment rates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
D-l8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
D-l9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin

152
153
154

Weekly Earnings Data
D-20. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
D-21. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
D-22. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex

155
156
157

Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
D-23. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
D-24. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin




158
159

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Page

Page

Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment
series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series

160
160
161
161

Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
CPS sample, 1947 to present
Estimating methods
Noninterview adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996)
Tables 1 -B through 1 -H

162
162
162
164
164
166
168
168
169
169
170
170
170
171
171
171
171
172
172
172
172
173
173

Establishment data
Collection
Concepts

180
180
180

Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methods table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas

187
187
187
190
190

Region, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction

193
193
193
193
193
193
194

Seasonal adjustment

195

Note on Temporary Census Workers
The hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000 affects current levels of Federal Government employment and
higher aggregates that include the Federal Government. Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, and 189,000
in January, February, and March 2000, respectively. Preliminary employment estimates ("B" tables) that include
these workers may be subject to larger than normal revisions. For additional information, see "Counting the counters:
effects of Census 2000 on employment" in the February 2000 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.




183
183
183
183
183
183
184
185
185
186
186
186
186

194
194
194
194

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, March 2000

P

ayroll employment rose in March and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.1 percent. Nonfarm
payroll employment grew by 416,000 over the month.
This included the addition of an estimated 117,000 temporary census workers. Also, it is likely that some of the March
gain in payroll employment resulted from the fact that there
were 5 weeks between the February and March survey reference periods instead of the usual 4 weeks. Average hourly
earnings increased by 5 cents over the month and 3.7 percent over the year.

Unemployment
The number of unemployed persons, 5.7 million, was essentially unchanged in March, and the unemployment rate held
at 4.1 percent. The jobless rate has been below 4.2 percent
for 6 consecutive months. Jobless rates for the major worker
groups—adult men (3.3 percent), adult women (3.6 percent),
teenagers (13.3 percent), whites (3.6 percent), blacks (7.3
percent), and Hispanics (6.3 percent)—showed little or no
change over the month. (See tables A-3 and A-4.)
Total employment and the labor force
The number of persons in the civilian labor force was little
changed at 140.9 million in March. The labor force participation rate was 67.4 percent. Total employment also was
about unchanged in March, at 135.2 million (seasonally
adjusted). The employment-population ratio—the proportion of the population age 16 and older with jobs—remained
high at 64.7 percent. (See table A-3.)
About 7.7 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held
more than one job in March. These multiple jobholders represented 5.7 percent of the total employed, down from 6.1
percent a year earlier. (See table A-37.)
Persons not in the labor force
The number of persons who were marginally attached to the
labor force in March totaled 1.2 million (not seasonally
adjusted). These people wanted and were available to work
and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months.
They are not counted as unemployed because they had not
actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey. The number of discouraged workers was 257,000 in
March, about the same as a year earlier. Discouraged workers,
a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently
looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs
were available for them. (See table A-36.)




Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 416,000 in March to
130.7 million, seasonally adjusted. This increase included
the addition of 117,000 temporary census workers. Also, it
is likely that some of the March payroll employment gain
resulted from a calendar anomaly. This year, there were 5
weeks instead of the usual 4 between the February and March
survey reference periods. The last time this occurred was
in 1972. Because this occurrence is so rare, the payroll
employment estimates for March cannot be adjusted for
the differences in the number of weeks between the survey
reference periods, as is done for other months. Thus, the
estimates of employment change this month reflect an additional week's growth. This effect is most pronounced in
seasonal industries that tend to add jobs at this time of
year.
In the goods-producing sector, construction employment
grew by 89,000 in March, with job gains widespread across
the component industries. The additional week between the
February and March survey reference periods likely contributed to the large employment increase. In mining, employment in the oil and gas extraction industry continued to rise.
Since last summer, oil and gas extraction has added 16,000
jobs; slightly more than half of that gain occurred in February and March. (See table B-3.)
Manufacturing employment was down by 5,000 over the
month. This decrease would have been larger had it not been
for the return of 15,000 striking workers in the aircraft industry. (February employment estimates have been revised
down by 15,000, as recent information indicates that the
strikers were off payrolls for the entire reference pay period
that month. These workers were back on payrolls in March.)
Industrial machinery lost 6,000 jobs in March, and there
were smaller declines in many other manufacturing industries. Employment in the fabricated metals industry continued on a growth trend that began in September 1999.
In the service-producing sector, the services industry added
150,000 jobs in March, following an unusually small gain
in February (22,000, as revised). Employment growth in
services during the first quarter of the year averaged 106,000
per month, slightly below the monthly average for 1999. In
March, job gains were widespread among the services industries. The largest employment increase was in business
services (48,000), where personnel supply services added
19,000 jobs. Employment in educational services rose by
21,000 jobs in March. Two highly seasonal industries, agri-

cultural services and hotels, posted substantial job gains of
18,000 and 15,000, respectively.
Transportation and public utilities added 27,000 jobs in
March. Nearly all of the gain occurred in transportation,
with trucking and air transportation adding 11,000 and
10,000 jobs, respectively. Both industries had lost jobs in
February. Employment continued to grow in the communications industry in March, mainly in telephone communications. In contrast, public utilities continued to lose jobs.
Employment in wholesale trade rose by 17,000 in March,
in line with its average monthly gain over the prior 12
months. Retail trade employment was little changed in
March. Job gains in furniture stores, building materials
stores, and automotive dealers and service stations were offset by losses in general merchandise stores and in eating
and drinking places. General merchandise employment fell
by 36,000 in the first quarter, and eating and drinking places
employment declined by 28,000.
Finance, insurance, and real estate lost 11,000 jobs in
March, offsetting its February gain. Employment in mortgage banking declined by 12,000 over the month and has
fallen by 35,000 since last May. In contrast, security and
commodity brokerages continued to add jobs in March.
Federal Government employment grew by 106,000 in
March. The Census Bureau added 117,000 temporary work-

ers for Census 2000, but employment declines continued in
other federal agencies. Local governments added 34,000 jobs
in March, following a decline in February.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in
March at 34.5 hours, seasonally adjusted. In manufacturing, both the average workweek and overtime hours fell by
0.2 hour to 41.6 hours and 4.6 hours, respectively. (See
table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls
increased by 0.3 percent to 150.5 (1982=100), seasonally
adjusted. The manufacturing index decreased 0.4 percent to
105.9. (See table B-9.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 5 cents in March
to $13.60, seasonally adjusted. Over the month, average
weekly earnings rose 0.4 percent to $469.20, seasonally
adjusted. Over the year, both average hourly earnings and
average weekly earnings rose by 3.7 percent. (See table
B-ll.)

Planned Changes Affecting Establishment Survey Data
Concurrent with the release of March 1999 benchmark revisions on June 2, BLS will begin implementation
of a new probability-based sample design for the payroll survey. Estimates for the wholesale trade major
industry division only will incorporate the new sample design with this release. Further information is available on the Internet (http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm) or by calling (202) 691-6555.




Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

April

May 5

July

August 4

May

June 2

August

September 1

June

July 7

September

October 6

Release date

Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

1999

2000

Category
Mar.

Apr.

I

May

| June

|

July

|

Aug.

| Sept. |

Oct.

|

Nov.

|

Dec.

Jan.

|

Feb.

|

Mar

Labor force status
207.036 207,236 207,427 207,632 207,828 208,038 208,265 208.483 208,666 208,832 208,782 208,907 209,053
138,804 139,086 139,013 139.332 139,336 139,372 139.475 139,697 139.834 140,108 140,910 141,165 140,867
67.0
67.4
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.1
67.5
67.6

Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population
Unemployed
Not in labor force

132,976 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133.650 133,940 134.098 134,420 135.221 135.362 135,159
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.8
64.8
64.7
5,828
6,032
5,823
5.934
5,937
5,842
5,825
5,757
5,736
5,688
5.804
5.689
5,708
68,232 68,150 68.414 68,300 68.492 68,666 68.790 68,786 68,832 68,724 67,872 67.742 68,187
Unemployment rates

4.2
3.3
3.9
14.2
3.6
8.0
6.0

All workers
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin

4.3
3.5
4.0
14.1
3.8
7.8
6.8

4.2
3.6
3.7
13.1
3.7
7.6
6.7

4.3
3.5
3.8
13.6
3.8
7.6
6.6

4.3
3.5
3.9
13.2
3.7
8.6
6.3

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in

4.2
3.5
3.7
13.5
3.7
7.8
6.5

4.1
3.5
3.5
13.8
3.5
8.3
6.3

4.2
3.4
3.7
14.6
3.6
8.3
6.6

4.1
3.3
3.6
14.0
3.5
8.0
6.1

4.1
3.3
3.6
13.8
3.5
7.9
5.9

4.0
3.3
3.7
12.6
3.4
8.2
5.6

4 1
3.4
3.5
14.1
3.6
7.8
5.7

3.3
3.6
13.3
3.6
7.3
6.3

the household survey.

Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Industry
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Mar.P

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

129,332
109,095
25,198
528
6,314
18,356
104,134
6,841
7,064
22,891
7,668
39,433
20,237

129,589
109,320
25,257
527
6,369
18,361
104,332
6,862
7,070
22,902
7,675
39,554
20,269

129,898
109,583
25,283
529
6,393
18,361
104,615
6,897
7,088
22,973
7,685
39,657
20,315

130,292
109,927
25,410
530
6,504
18,376
104,882
6,902
7,108
23,018
7,685
39,804
20,365

130,299
109,912
25,383
532
6,487
18,364
104,916
6,892
7,119
22,996
7,696
39,826
20,387

130,715
110,186

257
225
59

309
263
26
2
24
0

176
19

11
7
121
32

283
35
18
71
10
103
46

394
344
127
1
111
15
267
5
20
45
0
147
50

7
-15
-27
2
-17
-12
34
-10
11
-22
11
22
22

416
274
88
4
89
-5
328
27
17
3
-11
150
142

34.5
41.8
4.7

34.5
41.7
4.6

34.5
41.6
4.6

34.6
41.7
4.7

34.5
41.8
4.8

34.5
41.6
4.6

149.4
105.7

150.3
106.3

150.0
106.3

150.5
105.9

Sept.

Jan.

Employment

Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

127,813
107,726
25,285
550
6,232

18,503
102,528
6,732
6,947
22,611
7,595
38,556
20,087

128,134
108,035
25,288
538
6,277
18,473
102,846
6,750
6,965
22,724
7,611
38,697
20,099

128,162
108,085
25,199
531
6,239
18,429
102,963
6,758
6,977
22,748
7,621
38,782
20,077

128,443
108,338
25,180
526
6,258
18,396
103,263
6,781
6,993
22,796
7,636
38,952
20,105

128,816
108,663
25,247
528
6,270
18,449
103,569
6,799
7,012
22,903
7,647
39,055
20,153

128,945
108,735
25,148
524
6,246
18,378
103,797
6,813
7,031
22,888
7,650
39,205
20,210

129,048
108,830
25,186
527
6,293
18,366
103,862
6,831
7,041
22,862
7,653
39,257
20,218

25,471
536
6,576
18,359
105,244

6,919
7,136
22,999
7,685

39,976
20,529

Over-the-month change
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

83
50
-44
-3
-6
-35
127
9
10
-37
14
98
33

321
309
3
-12
45
-30
318
18
18
113
16
141
12

28
50
-89
-7
-38
-44
117
8
12
24
10
85
-22

281
253
-19
-5
19
-33
300
23
16
48
15
170
28

373
325
67
2
12
53
306

103
95
38
3

129
72
-99
-4
-24
-71
228
14
19

18

19
107

47
-12
65
18
10
-26
3
52
8

-15
3
150
57

11
103
48

284
265
12
1

21
-10
272

10
23
29
15

-1
55
5

198
21
6

Hours of work1
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime

34.5
41.5
4.5

34.4
41.6
4.3

34.4
41.7
4.6

34.5
41.7
4.7

34.5
41.9
4.7

34.5
41.8
4.7

34.4
41.8
4.7

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100)1
Total private
Manufacturing

146.8
106.5

147.0
106.5

147.2
106.5

147.8
106.3

148.4
106.4

148.3
107.3

148.2
106.4

148.8
106.2

149.2
106.0

Earnings1
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars2
Average weekly earnings, total private
1

$13.11
7.86
452.30

$13.14
7.83
452.02

$13.18
7.85

453.39

$13.24

7.89
456.78

Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used
to deflate these series.
2




$13.28
7.88
458.16

$13.29
7.87

$13.35
7.86

458.51

459.24

N.A. = not available.
= preliminary,

p

$13.39
7.87
461.96

$13.40

$13.44

$13.49

7.86
462.30

7.87

463.68

7.88
466.75

$13.55
7.88
467.48

$13.60
N.A.
469.20

Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 1996-2000
Thousands
132,500

Thousands
132,500

130,000

130,000

127,500 -

- 127,500

125,000

125,000

122,500

- 122,500

120,000

120,000 -

117,500

117,500
1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1996-2000
Percent
6.0




1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

NOTE: Beginning in 1997, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. Beginning in 1998,
data incorporate new composite estimation procedures and updated population controls. Beginning in
1999 and 2000, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. These changes affect comparability
with data for prior periods.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1966 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Unemployed

Nonagricuitural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.

128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0

3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970.
1971 .
19721
19731
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
19781
1979 .

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3.331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82.438
85,421
88.734
92.661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6.991
6.202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59.659
59.900

1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
19861
1987.
1988.
1989.

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450

114,142

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62.744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523

189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133
205,220
207,753

125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297
137,673
139,368

66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1
67.1
67.1

118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
131,463
133,488

62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
63.8
64.1
64.3

3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440
3,443
3,399
3,378
3,281

115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123,264
126,159
128,085
130,207

7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6,739
6,210
5,880

5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.2

63,324
64,578
64.700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837
67,547
68,385

1

1990
1991 .
1992.
1993.
19941
1995.
1996.
19971
19981
19991

101,685

103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1999:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December

207,036
207,236
207,427
207,632
207,828
208,038
208,265
208,483
208,666
208,832

138,804
139,086
139,013
139,332
139,336
139,372
139,475
139,697
139,834
140,108

67.0
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.1

132,976
133,054
133,190
133,398
133,399
133,530
133,650
133,940
134,098
134,420

64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.4

3,290
3,341
3,290
3,330
3,278
3,234
3,179
3,238
3,310
3,279

129,686
129,713
129,900
130,068
130,121
130,296
130,471
130,702
130,788
131,141

5,828
6.032
5,823
5,934
5,937
5,842
5,825
5,757
5,736
5,688

4.2
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1

68.232
68.150
68.414
68.300
68,492
68,666
68,790
68.786
68,832
68,724

208,782
208,907
209,053

140,910
141,165
140,867

67.5
67.6
67.4

135,221
135,362
135,159

64.8
64.8
64.7

3,371
3,408
3,359

131,850
131,954
131,801

5,689
5,804
5,708

4.0
4.1
4.1

67,872
67,742
68.187

2000:

January3 ..
February ..
March

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability11 under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
* The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3
Beginning in January 2000, data are not strictly comparable with data




for 1999 and earlier years because of revisions in the population controls
used in the household survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 2000" in the February
2000 issue of this publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1988 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Sex, year,
and month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
1988
1989

87.857
88.762

66.927
67.840

76.2
76.4

63,273
64.315

72.0
72.5

2,493
2.513

60.780
61.802

3,655
3,525

5.5
5.2

20,930
20.923

19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995

90.377
91.278
92.270
93.332
94.355
95,178
96.206
97.715
98,758
99,722

69.011
69,168
69,964
70.404
70.817
71.360
72,087
73,261
73.959
74,512

76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0
74.9
74.7

65.104
64.223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67.377
68,207
69,685
70,693
71.446

72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3
71.6
71.6

2,546
2,589
2.575
2,478
2.554
2,559
2.573
2,552
2.553
2.432

62,559
61,634
61,866
62,871
63,896
64,818
65,634
67,133
68,140
69.014

3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3.983
3,880
3.577
3,266
3,066

5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.4
4.1

21.367
22,110
22,306
22.927
23,538
23,818
24,119
24,454
24,799
25,210

1996
19971

19981
19991

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1999:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December

99.362
99.465
99.563
99.668
99.761
99,863
99,976
100,088
100,179
100,264

74.218
74,270
74,318
74,414
74,498
74,499
74,643
74,680
74,728
74,930

74.7
74.7
74.6
74.7
74.7
74.6
74.7
74.6
74.6
74.7

71,269
71.208
71,207
71,330
71,437
71,436
71,630
71,623
71,732
71,927

71.7
71.6
71.5
71.6
71.6
71.5
71.6
71.6
71.6
71.7

2,426
2.489
2.420
2,430
2.435
2,409
2,361
2,389
2,501
2,440

68,843
68.719
68,787
68,900
69,002
69.027
69,269
69,234
69,231
69,487

2.949
3.062
3,111
3.084
3,061
3.063
3,013
3,057
2,996
3.003

4.0
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.0

25.144
25,195
25.245
25,254
25,263
25.364
25.333
25,408
25,451
25.334

100,266
100.330
100.405

75,304
75,594
75.198

75.1
75.3
74.9

72,358
72,473
72,313

72.2
72.2
72.0

2.495
2.494
2.409

69.862
69,979
69.904

2,946
3.121
2,885

3.9
4.1
3.8

24,963
24,737
25,206

2000:
January3 ..
February ..
March

Annual averages
WOMEN
1988
1989

96.756
97.630

54.742
56.030

56.6
57.4

51,696
53.027

53.4
54.3

676
687

51,020
52,341

3.046
3.003

5.6
5.4

42.014
41.601

19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19971
19981
19991

98.787
99.646
100.535
101.506
102,460
103,406
104,385
105,418
106,462
108,031

56,829
57.178
58.141
58,795
60,239
60,944
61.857
63.036
63.714
64,855

57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8
59.8
60.0

53,689
53.496
54,052
54.910
56,610
57,523
58.501
59.873
60,771
62.042

54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8
57.1
57.4

678
680
672
637
855
881
871
847
825
849

53.011
52,815
53.380
54.273
55,755
56.642
57,630
59,026
59,945
61,193

3,140
3,683
4.090
3,885
3.629
3.421
3,356
3,162
2,944
2.814

5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0
4.6
4.3

41.957
42.468
42,394
42,711
42,221
42.462
42.528
42.382
42,748
43,175

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted?

1999:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

107,674
107,771
107,864
107,964
108,067
108,175
108.289
108.395
108.487
108,569

64,586
64,816
64,695
64,918
64,838
64.873
64.832
65.017
65.106
65.178

60.0
60.1
60.0
60.1
60.0
60.0
59.9
60.0
60.0
60.0

61,707
61,846
61,983
62,068
61,962
62,094
62.020
62,317
62,366
62,493

57.3
57.4
57.5
57.5
57.3
57.4
57.3
57.5
57.5
57.6

864
852
870
900
843
825
818
849
809
839

60,843
60,994
61,113
61,168
61,119
61,269
61,202
61,468
61,557
61,654

2.879
2.970
2,712
2.850
2,876
2,779
2,812
2.700
2,740
2.685

4.5
4.6
4.2
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1

43.088
42,955
43,169
43,046
43.229
43.302
43,457
43,378
43.381
43,391

108,516
108,577
108,649

65.606
65.572
65.668

60.5
60.4
60.4

62,863
62,889
62.846

57.9
57.9
57.8

875
914
950

61.988
61,975
61.896

2,743
2,683
2,823

4.2
4.1
4.3

42.910
43,005
42,980

2000:
Januarys
February
March

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.




3
Beginning in January 2000. data are not strictly comparable with data for 1999 anc
earlier years because of revisions in the population controls used in the housenold survey
For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 2000" in the February 2000 issue of this publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1999
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

2000
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Persons who currently want a job

207,036 207,236 207,427 207,632 207,828 208,038 208,265 208,483 208,666 208,832 208,782 208,907 209,053
138,804 139,086 139,013 139,332 139,336 139,372 139,475 139,697 139,834 140,108 140,910 141,165 140,867
67.6
67.0
67.0
67.5
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.0
67.1
67.0
67.4
67.1
132,976 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221 135,362 135,159
64.8
64.2
64.2
64.8
64.4
64.3
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.2
64.7
5,804
5,757
5,823
5,689
5,688
5,736
5,825
5,828
5,842
5,937
5,934
6,032
5,708
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.1
68,232 68,150 68,414 68,300 68,492 68,666 68,790 68,786 68,832 68.724 67,872 67,742 68,187
4,658
4,575
4,606
4,467
4,429
4,331
4,352
4,497
4,770
4,740
4,374
4,252
4,594

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

99,362
74,218
74.7
71,269
71.7
2,426
68,843
2,949
4.0
25,144

99,465
74,270
74.7
71,208
71.6
2,489
68,719
3,062
4.1
25,195

99,563
74,318
74.6
71,207
71.5
2,420
68,787
3,111
4.2
25,245

99,668
74,414
74.7
71,330
71.6
2,430
68,900
3,084
4.1
25,254

99,761
74,498
74.7
71,437
71.6
2,435
69,002
3,061
4.1
25,263

99,863
74,499
74.6
71,436
71.5
2,409
69,027
3,063
4.1
25,364

99,976 100,088 100,179 100.264 100,266 100,330 100,405
74,643 74,680 74,728 74,930 75.304 75.594 75,198
74.6
74.7
75.3
74.6
75.1
74.7
74.9
71,630 71,623 71,732 71,927 72,358 72,473 72,313
71.6
71.6
71.6
72.2
72.2
71.7
72.0
2,389
2,494
2,501
2,361
2,495
2,440
2,409
69,269 69,234 69,231 69,487 69,862 69,979 69,904
3,057
3,013
3,121
3,003
2,996
2,946
2,885
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.8
25,333 25,408 25,451 25,334 24,963 24,737 25,206

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

91,215
69,934
76.7
67,628
74.1
2,239
65,389
2,306
3.3
21,281

91,302
69,992
76.7
67,562
74.0
2,305
65,257
2,430
3.5
21,310

91,368
69,978
76.6
67,470
73.8
2,224
65,246
2,508
3.6
21,390

91,487
70,116
76.6
67,645
73.9
2,246
65,399
2,471
3.5
21,371

91,561
70,167
76.6
67,703
73.9
2,256
65,447
2,464
3.5
21,394

91,692
70,240
76.6
67,768
73.9
2,237
65,531
2,472
3.5
21,452

91,793
70,328
76.6
67,943
74.0
2,189
65,754
2,385
3.4
21,465

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries

Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

91,986
70,388
76.5
68,037
74.0
2,262
65,775
2,351
3.3
21,598

92,052
70.529
76.6
68,197
74.1
2,227
65,970
2,332
3.3
21,523

92.057
70,917
77.0
68,585
74.5
2,303
66,282
2,332
3.3
21,139

92.092
71.120
77.2
68,691
74.6
2.309
66.382
2,429
3.4
20,972

92.145
70,822
76.9
68,480
743
2.232
66.249
2,342
3.3
21,323

107,674 107,771 107,864 107,964 108,067 108,175 108,289 108,395 108,487 108,569 108,516 108.577 108,649
64,586 64,816 64,695 64,918 64,838 64,873 64,832 65,017 65,106 65,178 65,606 65,572 65,668
60.0
60.0
59.9
60.0
60.0
60.1
60.1
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.4
60.5
60.4
61,707 61,846 61,983 62,068 61,962 62,094 62,020 62,317 62,366 62,493 62,863 62,889 62,846
57.4
57.5
57.4
57.3
57.3
57.3
57.5
57.5
57.5
57.9
57.6
57.9
57.8
852
864
843
870
818
825
900
849
875
839
809
914
950
60,843 60,994 61,113 61,168 61,119 61,269 61,202 61,468 61.557 61,654 61,988 61.975 61,896
2,812
2,779
2,970
2,879
2,700
2,876
2,712
2,685
2,850
2,743
2,740
2,823
2,683
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.6
4.5
4.1
4.4
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.1
43,088 42,955 43,169 43,046 43,229 43,302 43,457 43,378 43,381 43,391 42,910 43,005 42.980
99,833
60,554
60.7
58,216
58.3
821
57,395
2,338
3.9
39,279

99,923 100,008 100,131 100,203 100,285 100,385 100,458 100,573 100.666 100.579 100,666 100.713
60,765 60,708 60,988 60,852 60,904 60,860 60,955 61,052 61,154 61,576 61,575 61,671
60.9
60.7
60.8
60.7
60.7
60.6
60.7
60.7
61.2
60.7
61.2
61.2
58,336 58,483 58,647 58,477 58,648 58,630 58,800 58,838 58,958 59.280 59,398 59,422
58.6
58.5
58.4
58.5
58.4
58.4
58.5
58.5
58.9
58.6
59.0
59.0
803
778
780
798
851
820
800
791
768
826
871
894
57,533 57,663 57,796 57,679 57,868 57,852 58,000 58.070 58.167 58,454 58,526 58,528
2,230
2,256
2,375
2,225
2,429
2,341
2,214
2,155
2,297
2,196
2.178
2,249
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.7
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.6
39,158 39,300 39,143 39,351 39,381 39,525 39,503 39,521 39.512 39,003 39,090 39,042

15,988
8,316
52.0
7,132
44.6
230
6,902
1,184
14.2
7,672

16,011
8,329
52.0
7,156
44.7
233
6,923
1,173
14.1
7,682

16,051
8,327
51.9
7,237
45.1
246
6,991
1,090
13.1
7,724

16,014
8,228
51.4
7,106
44.4
233
6,873
1,122
13.6
7,786

16,065
8,317
51.8
7,219
44.9
224
6,995
1,098
13.2
7,748

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
N O T E : Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3 through A-13
will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment




91,896
70,339
76.5
67,898
73.9
2,206
65,692
2,441
3.5
21,557

16,061
8.228
51.2
7,114
44.3
217
6,897
1,114
13.5
7,833

16,086
8,287
51.5
7,077
44.0
212
6,865
1,210
14.6
7,799

16,129
8,403
52.1
7,242
44.9
232
7,010
1,161
13.8
7,726

16,107
8,394
52.1
7,223
44.8
280
6,943
1,171
14.0
7,713

16,114
8,425
52.3
7.265
45.1
261
7,004
1,160
13.8
7,689

16,147
8,416
52.1
7,356
45.6
242
7,114
1,060
12.6
7,730

16.149
8,470
52.4
7,273
45.0
228
7,046
1,197
14.1
7,679

16.196
8,374
51.7
7,257
44.8
233
7,024
1,117
13.3
7,822

of the various series. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1999
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

2000
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .. 172,597 72,730
16,237 116,344
Civilian labor force
67.4
67.3
Percent of population
112,030 111,886
Employed
64.8
64.9
Employment-population ratio
4,458
4,207
Unemployed
3.8
3.6
Unemployment rate

72,859 172,999 173,133 173,275 173,432 173,585 173,709 173,821 173,812 173,886 173,983
16,193 116,518 116,492 116,619 116,495 116,654 116,703 117,008 117,716 117,821 117,832
67.2
67.3
67.3
67.2
67.4
67.2
67.7
67.3
67.2
67.8
67.7
11,898 112,115 112,193 112,308 112,303 112,548 112,611 112,951 113,704 113,634 113,630
64.8
64.8
64.8
64.8
64.8
65.4
65.0
64.8
64.7
65.3
65.3
4,106
4,299
4,311
4,192
4,403
4,011
4,057
4,092
4,187
4,295
4,202
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.8
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.6

Men, 20 years and over
59,675
77.3
57,935
75.0
1,740
2.9

59,651
77.2
57,834
74.9
1,817
3.0

59,502
77.0
57,635
74.5
1,867
3.1

59,721
77.2
57,835
74.7
1,886
3.2

59,799
77.2
57,955
74.8
1,844
3.1

59,932
77.3
58,007
74.8
1,925
3.2

59,841
77.1
58,102
74.9
1,739
2.9

59,777
77.0
58,043
74.7
1,734
2.9

59,761
76.9
58,067
74.7
1,694
2.8

59,889
77.0
58,221
74.8
1,668
2.8

60,179
77.3
58,487
75.2
1,693
2.8

60,387
77.6
58,631
75.3
1,756
2.9

60.282
77 4
58,541
75.1
1,742
2.9

49,567
59.9
47,941
57.9
1,626
3.3

49,674
60.0
47,885
57.8
1,789
3.6

49,625
59.9
48,004
57.9
1,621
3.3

49,850
60.1
48,167
58.1
1,683
3.4

49,652
59.8
48,000
57.9
1,652
3.3

49,713
59.9
48,140
58.0
1,573
3.2

49,593
59.7
48,010
57.8
1,583
3.2

49,733
59.8
48,203
58.0
1,530
3.1

49,814
59.9
48,273
58.0
1,541
3.1

50,011
60.1
48,486
58.2
1,525
3.0

50,404
60.5
48,857
58.7
1,547
3.1

50,335
60.4
48,792
58.6
1.544
3.1

50,448
60.5
48,820
58.6
1.628
32

6,995
55.3
6,154
48.7
841
12.0
12.8
11.2

7,019
55.4
6,167
48.7
852
12.1
12.6
11.6

7,066
55.7
6,259
49.3
807
11.4
12.2
10.6

6,947
54.7
6,113
48.1
834
12.0
12.0
12.0

7,041
55.3
6,238
49.0
803
11.4
11.7
11.1

6,974
54.8
6,161
48.4
813
11.7
12.3
11.0

7,061
55.4
6,191
48.6
870
12.3
12.7
11.9

7,144
56.1
6,302
49.5
842
11.8
11.9
11.7

7,128
56.0
6,271
49.2
857
12.0
12.8
11.2

7,108
55.8
6,244
49.0
864
12.2
13.3
10.9

7,132
56.0
6,360
50.0
772
10.8
12.4
9.1

7,099
55.8
6,211
48.8
888
12.5
14.4
10.4

7.102
55.8
6,270
49.3
832
11.7
11.3
12.1

Civilian noninstitutional population1 .. 24,729
16,231
Civilian labor force
65.6
Percent of population
14,925
Employed
60.4
Employment-population ratio
1,306
Unemployed
8.0
Unemployment rate

24,765
16,288
65.8
15,011
60.6
1,277
7.8

24,798
16,290
65.7
15,053
60.7
1,237
7.6

24,833
16,308
65.7
15,069
60.7
1,239
7.6

24,867
16,366
65.8
14,962
60.2
1,404
8.6

24,904
16,321
65.5
15,047
60.4
1,274
7.8

24,946
16,474
66.0
15,114
60.6
1,360
8.3

24,985
16,489
66.0
15,124
60.5
1,365
8.3

25,019
16,508
66.0
15,187
60.7
1,321
8.0

25,051
16,513
65.9
15,204
60.7
1.309
7.9

25,047
16,622
66.4
15,254
60.9
1,368
8.2

25,076
16,785
66.9
15,471
61.7
1,314
7.8

25.105
16.572
660
15,356
61.2
1,216
7.3

7,073
71.7
6,647
67.4
426
6.0

7,118
72.0
6,670
67.5
448
6.3

7,182
72.6
6,710
67.8
472
6.6

7,153
72.1
6,698
67.6
455
6.4

7,122
71.7
6,610
66.6
512
7.2

7,162
72.0
6,714
67.5
448
6.3

7,205
72.3
6,696
67.2
509
7.1

7,281
72.9
6,717
67.3
564
7.7

7,277
72.8
6,767
67.7
510
7.0

7,273
72.6
6,766
67.5
507
7.0

7,386
73.7
6,839
68.2
547
7.4

7,441
74.2
6,910
68.9
532
7.1

7,300
72.6
6,830
68.0
469
6.4

8,151
65.8
7,573
61.1
578
7.1

8,223
66.3
7,657
61.7
566
6.9

8,178
65.8
7,647
61.6
531
6.5

8,219
66.1
7,667
61.6
552
6.7

8,311
66.7
7,670
61.6
641
7.7

8,241
66.1
7,673
61.5
568
6.9

8,316
66.5
7,759
62.1
557
6.7

8,252
65.9
7,745
61.9
507
6.1

8,305
66.3
7,757
61.9
548
6.6

8,260
65.8
7,706
61.4
554
6.7

8.315
66.3
7,715
61.5
600
7.2

8,344
66.4
7,805
62.1
539
6.5

8,314
66.1
7,808
62.1
506
6.1

Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

2000

1999
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

1,007
40.7
705
28.5
302
30.0
32.4
27.6

947
38.3
684
27.6
263
27.8
32.0
23.8

930
37.5
696
28.1
234
25.2
27.9
22.5

936
37.7
704
28.4
232
24.8
28.8
21.2

933
37.5
682
27.4
251
26.9
30.7
23.4

918
37.0
660
26.6
258
28.1
29.6
26.7

953
38.4
659
26.5
294
30.8
30.3
31.4

956
38.5
662
26.7
294
30.8
35.3
26.1

926
37.3
663
26.7
263
28.4
31.0
25.9

980
39.5
732
29.5
248
25.3
27.5
23.0

921
37.2
701
28.3
220
23.9
24.0
23.8

999
40.4
756
30.6
243
24.3
22.3
26.6

958
38.7
718
29.0
240
25.1
21.3
28.9

21,414
14,542
67.9
13,673
63.8
869
6.0

21,483
14,535
67.7
13,541
63.0
994
6.8

21,548
14,555
67.5
13,574
63.0
981
6.7

21,618
14,624
67.6
13,655
63.2
969
6.6

21,684
14,617
67.4
13,696
63.2
921
6.3

21,752
14,710
67.6
13,759
63.3
951
6.5

21,820
14,766
67.7
13,795
63.2
971
6.6

21,881
14,809
67.7
13,879
63.4
930
6.3

21,947
14,887
67.8
13,979
63.7
908
6.1

22,008
14,984
68.1
14,095
64.0
889
5.9

22,047
15,251
69.2
14,395
65.3
856
5.6

22,108
15,249
69.0
14,382
65.1
868
5.7

22,166
15,313
69.1
14,355
64.8
958
6.3

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutionai population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics




are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

Educational attainment
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

28,442 27,991 28,298 28,515 28,015 28,568 28,583 28,246 28,228 28,144 27,995 27,376 27,523
12,039 11,896 11,891 12,081 12,087 12,307 12,151 12,201 12,132 11,956 11,895 11,971 11,726
42.3
42.5
42.5
42.4
43.1
43.1
42.5
42.5
43.0
43.2
42.0
42.6
43.7
11,280 11,092 11,085 11,265 11,265 11,448 11,327 11,401 11,347 11,243 11.106 11.257 10.918
39.7
39.7
39.6
39.5
40.2
40.1
39.6
39.9
40.2
40.4
39.2
397
41.1
759
824
816
822
859
804
713
789
785
800
806
808
714
6.8
7.0
6.8
6.3
6.0
6.6
6.5
6.6
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.9
6.0

High school graduates, no college2
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

57,805 57,945 57,931 57,963 57,162 57,195 57,518 57,275 57,789 57,590 57,768 57,471 58,033
37,687 37,508 37,365 37,382 37,014 36,954 37,188 37,080 37,671 37,362 37,617 37,603 37,671
64.6
64.7
65.2
64.9
65.1
65.2
64.7
64.7
64.5
64.8
64.5
65.4
64.9
36,368 36,173 36,022 35,962 35,700 35,657 35,879 35,874 36,445 36,071 36,305 36,294 36,401
62.4
62.4
62.0
62.5
62.3
62.2
62.9
62.6
62.8
63.2
63.1
62.6
62.7
1,314
1,297
1,291
1,311
1.226
1,206
1,309
1,420
1,335
1,319
1,309
1,270
1,343
3.3
3.3
3.5
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.6

Less than a bachelor's degree 3
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

43,028 43,059 42,742 42,780 43,610 43,130 42,955 43,787 44,070 44,069 43,689 44.486 44,225
31,866 32,051 31,944 31,955 32,145 31,842 32,140 32,203 32,312 32,404 32,397 32,544 32,967
73.3
74.7
73.7
73.8
74.7
74.4
73.5
74.2
73.2
74.5
73.5
74.8
74.1
30,966 31,111 31,049 31,140 31,169 30,864 31,269 31,330 31,444 31,586 31,564 31,595 32,090
71.5
71.6
71.7
72.2
72.6
71.3
71.6
72.8
72.8
72.6
72.3
72.0
71.0
873
871
976
978
940
818
833
949
878
868
815
895
900
2.7
2.7
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.6
3.0
2.9
2.5
2.6
3.1
2.8
2.8

College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
2
3

43,859 44,289 44,442 44,464 45,042 45,086 45,081 44,986 44,365 44,821 45,058 45,247 44,838
35,130 35,467 35,677 35,757 35,827 36,037 35,722 35,721 35,264 35,824 36,205 36,265 36.060
79.4
79.2
79.9
80.4
79.5
79.9
80.4
79.5
80.4
80.1
80.3
80.1
80.1
34,479 34,745 35,020 35,059 35,167 35,465 35,112 35,106 34,655 35.186 35,540 35.678 35.481
78.1
78.5
78.9
79 1
78.0
77.9
78.7
78.8
78.1
78.5
78.9
78.8
78.6
638
587
579
609
615
610
572
660
722
665
698
657
651
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.8
2.0
1.8
2.0
1.8
1.9
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.




10

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age

1999
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

2000
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

109,915 109,706 109,986 110,275 109,797 110,060 110,413 110,877 111,227 111,562 112,089 112,129 112,248
63,944 63,690 63,700 63,805 63,835 63,772 63,985 64,005 64,259 64,358 64,727 64,883 64,933
62,538 62,324 62,254 62,367 62,350 62,310 62,621 62,607 62,825 62,914 63,407 63,468 63,501
45,952 45,991 46,233 46,538 46,067 46,386 46,452 46,847 46,968 47,161 47,152 47,195 47,253
45,046 45,067 45,262 45,529 45,084 45,407 45,497 45.822 45,907 46,094 46,189 46,187 46,357
2,495
2,295
2,554
2,343
2,379
2,363
2,493
2,474
2,331
2,315
2,470
2,389
2,448
23,204
7,411

23,437
7,598
5,351
15,865
13,312
4,774

23,386
7,643
5,483
15,691
13,204
4,699

23,205
7,613
5,302
15,666
13,169
4,734

23,081
7,610
5,255
15,483
12,996
4,830

22,946
7,485
5,213
15,450
12,964
4,769

22,975
7,581
5,295
15,377
12,932
4,748

23,224
7,552
5,197

13,218
4,818

23,108
7,537
5,282
15,523
13,137
4,689

4,951

13,157
4,860

4,807
2,533
2,218
2,299
2,033
556

4,633
2,569
2,272
2,081
1,852
509

4,641
2,573
2,229
2,127
1,903
509

4,705
2,556
2,239
2,128
1,939
527

4,712
2,625
2,295
2,100
1,861
556

4,568
2,533
2,172
2,068
1,792
604

4,614
2,588
2,224
2,068
1,771
619

4,536
2,526
2,151
2,068
1,792
593

4,540
2,493
2,109
2,065
1,799
632

4,554
2,389
2,125
2,093
1,864
566

4,595
2,512
2,234
1,978
1,738
623

4,489
2,326
2,106
2,076
1,764
619

1,221
547
193
712
414
614

1,265
600
276
670
392
597

1,284
566
249
729
438
597

1,216
518
222
706
432
562

1,133
449
170
666
395
568

1,228
504
207
707
424
597

1,146
499
216
625
377
553

1,191
502
199
686
406
586

1,175
520
236
640
384
555

1,112
483
213
615
415
483

1,191
508
201
707
452
539

1,243
462
225
772
514
505

23,228
7,511

13,202
4,826

23,291
7,496
5,234
15,800
13,246
4,811

Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4,626
2,340
2,103
2,199
1,946
577

Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

1,209
502
187
704
408
614

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5,176
15,798

5,192
15,749

15,641
13,075

23,210
7,557
5,193
15,627

23,105
7,489
5,101
15,619
13,107

4,898

UNEMPLOYED

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4.0
3.5
3.3
4.6
4.1
19.8

4.2
3.8
3.4
4.8
4.3
19.4

4.0
3.9
3.5
4.3
3.9
17.1

4.0
3.9
3.5
4.4
4.0
17.6

4.1
3.8
3.5
4.4
4.1
18.2

4.1
4.0
3.6
4.3
3.9
19.2

4.0
3.8
3.4
4.3
3.8
20.8

4.0
3.9
3.4
4.2
3.7
20.2

3.9
3.8
3.3
4.2
3.8
19.2

3.9
3.7
3.2
4.2
3.8
19.8

3.9
3.6
3.2
4.3
3.9
18.5

3.9
3.7
3.4
4.0
3.6
20.1

3.8
3.5
3.2
4.2
3.7
20.6

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5.0
6.3
3.5
4.3
3.0
11.3

5.0
6.8
3.6
4.3
3.0
11.3

5.2
7.4
5.0
4.1
2.9
11.0

5.3
7.0
4.5
4.5
3.2
11.3

4.9
6.4
4.0
4.3
3.1
10.5

4.6
5.5
3.0
4.1
2.9
10.8

5.0
6.2
3.8
4.3
3.1
11.2

4.7
6.2
3.9
3.9
2.8
10.3

4.9
6.3
3.7
4.3
3.0
10.9

4.9
6.4
4.3
4.0
2.9
10.5

4.6
6.0
3.9
3.8
3.1
8.9

4.9
6.3
37
4.3
3.3
10.0

5.1
5.8
4.2
4.7
3.8
9.3

1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

Category
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

2000
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar

MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

132,976 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221 135,362 135,159
43,164 43,210 42,997 43,279 43,350 43,368 43,367 43,206 43,273 43,283 43,951 43,535 43,297
33,176 33,284 33,442 33,758 33,387 33,504 33,275 33,521 33,635 33,762 34,166 33,882 33,780
8,081
8,028
8,272
8,312
8,142
8,081
8,335
8,398
8,526
8,375
8,082
8,362
8,220

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

40,005

40,458

40,503

40,802

40,823

40,800

40,784

40,718

40,363

40,800

40,924

40,806

40,595

38,821
18,034
14,591
18,135
3,438

38,816
17,904
14,508
17,775
3,508

38,939
18,049
14,452
17,920
3,440

38,777
18,007
14,175
18,177
3,477

38,673
17.990
14,431
18,019
3.421

38,874
17,976
14,322
18,089
3,412

38,634
17,876
14,659
18.227
3,365

39,023
17,694
14,836
18,340
3,365

39,283
17,633
14,903
18.476
3,407

39,311
17,706
14,940
18,299
3,367

39,614
18,155
14,610
18,385
3,574

39,703
18,344
14,681
18.279
3,630

39,510
18,711
14,520
18,334
3,562

1,905
1,358
39

1,930
1,399
33

1,930
1,330
36

1,923

1,939
1,292
45

1,908

1,930
1,198
40

1,936
1,267
42

2,049
1,216
41

2,018

2,024
1,320
38

2,025
1,344
51

2,043
1,292
42

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,341

39

1,266
46

1,211
36

120,939 120,925 121,311 121,006 121,188 121,150 121,583 121,654 121,965 122,426 122,823 123,166 123,169
102,161 102,147 102,540 101,999 102,156 102,036 102,503 102,837 103,063 103,467 103,810 103,772 103,571
944
914
944
926
935
873
983
1,035
939
952
998
948
1,016
101,235 101,212 101,626 101,016 101,212 101,163 101,468 101,898 102,119 102,519 102,858 102,756 102,573
18.778 18,778 18,771 19,007 19.032 19,114 19,080 18,817 18,902 18,959 19,013 19,394 19,598
8,686
8,726
8,820
8,730
9,000
8,802
8,704
8,801
8,840
8,833
8,791
8,662
8,793
108
61
77
127
93
92
107
65
88
101
74
100
98

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

3,509
2,018
1,181
18,622

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

3,325
1,927
1,128
18,031

3,403
1,937
1,117
18,752

3,225
1,845
1,087

18,159

3,399
1,950
1,116
18,692

3.377
2,048
1,045
18,716

3,229
1,845
1,089
18,138

3,209
1,902
1,031

18,106

1,974
1,050
18,983

3,279
1,904
1,057
19,230

3,283
1,922
1,073
18,801

3,179
1,928
993
18,799

3,274
1,930

3,320
1,951

1,032
18,651

18,618

3.142
1,850
1.034
18,466

3,127
1,813
1.041
18.652

3,112
1,806
1.063
18,273

2.983
1,807
964
18,249

3.105
1,815
1.013
18.083

3,316

1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full
time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as




1,025

3.157
1.843
1,018

18,061

3,219
1,893
1,012
18,889

3,139
1,807
1,023
19,031

3,124
1,820
953
18,770

3,066
1.801
986
18,347

2,985
1,705
1,005
18,406

3,003
1,766

922
18,184

holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.

12

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1999

2000

Age and sex
Mar.
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Apr.

May

June

July

Sept.

Oct

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

132,976 133,054 133,190 133,398 133,399 133,530 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221 135,362 135,159
19,939 20,028 19,935 20,078 20,068 20,106 20,226 20,188 20.334 20,621 20,473 20,478
20,030
7.356
7,265
7,223
7,077
7,106
7,242
7,114
7,219
7,237
7,156
7.257
7,132
7,273
2.855
2,797
2,765
2,803
2,745
2.832
2,834
2,776
2,845
2,809
2,802
2,782
2,794
4,492
4,421
4,309
4.432
4,461
4,369
4,411
4,325
4,361
4,466
4,338
4,358
4.452
13,029
12,829 12,859 12,954
13,069 13,265 13.200 13.221
12,965
12,984
12,791
12,783
12,898
113,001 113,141 113,214 113,436 113,280 113,495 113,539 113,666 113,897 114,075 114,641 114,810 114,737
95,937 95,951 96,007 96,158 95,995 96,120 96,200 96,436 96,635 96,729 97,199 97,246 97,120
17,306 17,379 17,377 17,255 17,252 17,406 17,447 17,603 17,604
17,261
17,106
17,142
17,036
71,269

71,208

71,207

71,330

71,437

71,436

71,630

71,623

71,732

71,927

72,358

72,473

72,313

10,406
3,641
1,409

10,221
3,646
1,411
2,231
6,575

10,382
3,737

10,415
3,734
1,471
2,251
6,681
61,012

10,427

10,540
3,687
1,421
2,247

10,521
3,725

10,508

3,668
1,441
2,213

10,570
3,730
1,445
2,278

10,727
3,773

10.745
3,782

1,471
2,301

6,759
61,061

6,853
61,083

6,840

51,463
9,574

51,423

51,431

9,619

9,649

61,073
51,523
9,542

9.574

61,349
51.732
9.649

6,954
61,585
51,944
9.658

1,494
2,267
6,963
61,702
51,928
9,784

10,858
3,833
1,510
2,334
7,025

61,482
51.800
9,723

2,239
6,765
60,885

60,980

51,420

51,430

1,454
2,324
6,645
60,872
51,347

9,474

9,526

9.465

10,323
3,685
1,437
2,263
6,638
61,001
51,416
9,559

61,707

61,846

61,983

62,068

61,962

62,094

62,020

62,317

62,366

62,493

62,863

62,889

62,846

9,624

9,718
3,510
1,391

9,646
3,500

9,612

9,663
3,485

9,641
3,446

9,705

9,764
3,535

9,620
3,424

1,335
2,112

2,144

1,358
2,187

1,358
2,183

9,894
3,584
1,385
2,190

9,728

3,517
1,372

9,680
3,528

1,374
2,110
6,178
52,268
44,532
7,732

9,566
3,390
1,344
2,062
6,176
52,456

6,188
52,593

44,769

44,913

7,728

7,713

6,152
52,695
44,962
7,678

6,229
52,726
44,997
7,757

53,056
45,254
7,788

3,491
1,373
2,119
6,133

52,116
44,517
7,562

2,107
6,208
52,161
44,521

7,616

1,355
2,142
6,146
52,342
44,660
7,641

3,421
1,308

2,106
6,191
52,435
44,742
7,702

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Aug.

6,195
52,434
44,697
7,760

1,462
2,267
6,796

used in the household survey.

13

3,695
1,439
2,234
6,813
61,202
51.673

6,310

3,491

1.300
2,185
6,237
53,108
45,319
7,818

1,322

2.098
6,196
53,255
45,321
7,882

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

2000

Age and sex

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

5,828

6,032

5,823

5,934

5,937

5,842

5,825

5,757

5,736

5,688

5,689

5,804

5,708

2,218
1,184
553
632
1,034
3,626
3,133
497

2,211
1,173
557
612
1,038
3,822
3,286
507

2,130
1,090
540
563
1,040
3,686
3,225
474

2,172
1,122
534
587
1,050
3,753
3,231
534

2,160
1,098
518
578
1,062
3,779
3,250
521

2,139
1,114
526
596
1,025
3,706
3,226
475

2,226
1,210
531
690
1,016
3,618
3,147
461

2,247
1,161
536
623
1,086
3,510
3,043
472

2,249
1,171
553
619
1,078
3,488
3,048
459

2,209
1,160
553
612
1,049
3,479
2,987
477

2,119
1,060
465
577
1,059
3,578
3,089
494

2,267
1,197
529
653
1,071
3,520
2,997
546

2,199
1,117
510
607
1,082
3,531
3,044
498

2,949

3,062

3,111

3,084

3,061

3,063

3,013

3,057

2,996

3,003

2,946

3,121

2,885

1,148
591
279
319
557
1,923
1,643
284

1,163
628
283
341
535
1,859
1,575
292

1,222
616
268
346
606
1,842
1,578
278

1,194
645
292
353
549
1,789
1,531
252

1,252
671
311
356
581
1,757
1,493
246

1,150
613
246
364
537
1.800
1,552
248

1,236
691
312
367
544
1,861
1,574
281

1,106
543
269
274
563
1,781
1,500
278

1,165
643
294
350
522
1,780
1,520
256

1,195
632
316
321
563
1,871
1,597
265

1,184
603
310
301
581
1,924
1,665
273

1,212
613
291
330
599
1,865
1,597
270

1,187
597
282
313
590
1,887
1,589
298

2,879

2,970

2,712

2,850

2,876

2,779

2,812

2,700

2,740

2,685

2,743

2,683

2 82?

1,053
541
259
282
512
1,846
1,613
241

1,016
541
241
291
475
1,951
1,689
242

946
487
230
262
459
1,762
1,560
201

960
509
243
257
451
1,888
1,634
264

973
501
236
265
472
1,892
1,661
223

991
523
247
277
468
1,783
1,583
191

1,063
582
248
349
481
1,759
1,572
169

1,025
545
268
277
480
1,668
1,465
194

1,055
526
261
266
529
1,699
1,517
207

957
489
242
256
468
1,722
1,494
231

969
447
219
213
522
1,778
1,537
245

1,032
505
217
286
526
1,659
1,424
266

1,093
574
241
334
520
1,751
1,544
219

N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

14

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
2000

1999
Age and sex
Mar.

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
I6to 19years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Apr.

May

June

July

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.1

10.0
14.2
16.6
12.7
7.4
3.1
3.2
2.8

10.0
14.1
16.6
12.4
7.5
3.3
3.3
2.9

9.6
13.1
16.1
11.2
7.5
3.2
3.2
2.7

9.8
13.6
16.3
11.8
7.6
3.2
3.3
3.0

9.7
13.2
15.4
11.7
7.6
3.2
3.3
2.9

9.6
13.5
15.9
12.1
7.3
3.2
3.2
2.7

10.0
14.6
16.1
13.8
7.2
3.1
3.2
2.6

10.0
13.8
15.9
12.4
7.7
3.0
3.1
2.7

10.0
14.0
16.5
12.3
7.7
3.0
3.1
2.6

9.8
13.8
16.5
12.1
7.4
3.0
3.0
2.7

9.3
12.6
14.0
11.4
7.4
3.0
3.1
2.8

10.0
14.1
15.9
12.8
7.5
3.0
3.0
3.0

9.7
13.3
15.3
12.1
7.6
3.0
3.0
2.7

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.0

3.9

4.1

3.8

10.1
15.0
17.3
13.5
7.2
2.8
2.9
2.6

10.5
14.8
18.3
12.6
7.9
3.0
3.0
2.7

10.2
13.9
17.6
11.5
8.0
3.1
3.1
2.8

10.5
14.3
16.8
12.7
8.3
3.0
3.0
2.7

10.2
13.8
16.1
12.2
8.1
3.0
3.0
3.0

9.9
13.9
16.2
12.6
7.6
3.1
3.1
2.9

9.9
14.6
16.6
13.2
7.2
3.0
3.0
2.9

10.4
14.2
15.5
13.2
8.2
2.9
3.0
2.8

10.2
14.9
16.9
13.6
7.5
2.8
2.9
2.6

10.6
15.2
17.7
13.5
7.8
2.8
2.8
2.5

9.7
14.0
14.3
13.7
7.2
2.8
2.9
2.5

10.3
15.5
17.3
13.9
7.3
2.9
2.9
2.8

9.2
12.4
15.1
10.5
7.4
2.8
2.8
2.8

4.5

4.6

4.2

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.3

9.1
13.0
15.7
10.9
6.8
3.5
3.5
3.3

9.1
12.6
14.7
11.2
7.1
3.5
3.6
2.8

9.3
13.2
15.6
11.6
7.0
3.3
3.4
2.4

10.0
14.7
15.6
14.5
7.2
3.2
3.4
2.1

9.6
13.4
16.3
11.4
7.2
3.1
3.2
2.5

9.8
13.0
16.1
10.8
7.9
3.1
3.3
2.6

8.9
12.2
15.1
10.5
7.0
3.2
3.2
2.9

8.9
11.1
13.7
8.9
7.6
3.2
3.3
3.1

9.6
12.6
14.3
11.6
7.8
3.0
3.0
3.3

10.2
14.4
15.4
13.7
7.7
3.2
3.3
2.7

9.9
13.4
15.9
11.7
7.7
3.4
3.5
3.1

9.5
13.4
14.8
12.1
7.1
3.6
3.7
3.1

8.9
12.2
14.5
10.9
6.9
3.3
3.4
2.6

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Aug

used in the household survey.

15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1999

2000

Category
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

4.2
3.3
3.9
14.2

4.3
3.5
4.0
14.1

4.2
3.6
3.7
13.1

4.3
3.5
3.8
13.6

4.3
3.5
3.9

4.2
3.4
3.7
14.6

4.1
3.5
3.5
13.8

4.1
3.3
3.6

4.0
3.3
3.7
12.6

3.5

4.1
3.3
3.6

14.0

4.1
3.3
3.6
13.8

4.1
3.4

13.2

4.2
3.5
3.7
13.5

14.1

13.3

White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

3.6
7.2
8.0
6.0

3.8
7.0
7.8
6.8

3.7
6.8
7.6
6.7

3.8
6.7
7.6
6.6

3.7
7.2
8.6
6.3

3.7
6.8
7.8
6.5

3.6
7.2
8.3
6.6

3.5
7.2
8.3
6.3

3.5
7.1
8.0
6.1

3.5
7.0
7.9
5.9

3.4
7.1
8.2
5.6

3.6
6.9
7.8
5.7

3.6
6.6
7.3
6.3

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

2.1
2.7
6.6

2.3
2.9
7.1

2.3
2.6
6.0

2.2
2.7
6.5

2.3
2.8
6.4

2.3
2.7
6.3

2.2
2.6
6.4

2.2
2.5
6.0

2.1
2.5
6.0

2.2
2.5
6.2

2.0
2.6
6.2

2.1
2.6
6.1

2.0
2.7
6.8

1.9
3.7
3.7
6.1
6.9

1.9
3.8
3.8
6.5
7.1

2.0
3.4
4.0
6.4
7.6

2.0
3.6
4.7
6.1
7.1

1.9
3.9
3.9
6.3
6.5

1.8
3.6
4.5
6.2
6.4

1.8
3.5
3.9
6.4
5.3

1.8
3.5
4.0
6.3
5.8

1.8
3.6
3.7
6.2
6.7

1.7
3.6
4.0
6.1
5.8

1.8
3.4
3.7
6.1
4.7

1.6
3.7
4.2
6.1
5.7

1.8
3.5
3.8
6.4
5.1

4.3
4.4
5.5
7.0
3.5
3.1
4.2
4.2
2.9
5.4
2.0
4.2
2.1
9.4

4.4
4.5
8.4
7.3
3.4
3.2
3.9
4.3
2.9
5.4
3.2
4.1
2.4
9.5

4.3
4.5
5.9
7.2
3.5
3.4
3.8
4.2
3.2
5.3
2.2
4.0
2.5
10.1

4.4
4.7
4.8
7.3
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.3
2.9
5.3
2.4
4.2
2.3
9.3

4.4
4.4
6.0
6.9
3.5
3.7
3.1
4.4
3.4
5.2
2.4
4.4
2.2
9.0

4.2
4.8
4.2
7.6
3.8
3.7
4.1
4.0
3.0
4.8
2.4
4.0
2.1
9.6

4.3
4.8
6.7
6.9
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.1
2.8
5.2
2.3
4.1
2.0
5.7

4.2
4.5
5.0
6.7
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.1
3.1
4.9
2.3
4.0
2.1
7.7

4.2
4.2
4.6
5.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
4.1
3.3
5.3
2.3
3.9
2.0
8.3

4.1
4.4
4.1
6.6
3.6
3.6
3.5
4.0
3.0
5.2
2.1
3.8
2.1
7.1

4.2
4.1
2.6
6.4
3.2
2.8
3.9
4.3
3.7
5.1
2.5
4.2
2.1
5.0

4.2
4.4
4.0
7.5
3.3
3.0
3.8
4.1
3.2
5.3
2.9
3.7
2.2
6.5

4.3
4.6
2.5
6.9
3.9
3.0
5.2
4.2
3.1
5.4
2.4
4.0
1.7
5.6

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

16

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

Reason
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

2,695
843
1,852
810
2,039
473

2,678
837
1,841
781
2,034
440

2,670
876
1,794
831
2,038
359

2,670
847
1,823
768
2,003
459

2,629
893
1,736
793
1,942
481

2,573
869
1,704
758
1,967
504

2,518
802
1,716
778
1,958
511

2,493
851
1,642
821
1,935
485

2,401
795
1,606
825
2,036
453

2,477
739
1,739
776
2,043
393

2,616
838
1,778
759
1,975
387

2,541
781
1,759
824
1,979
434

45.1
14.2
30.9
13.2
34.2
7.6

44.8
14.0
30.8
13.5
33.9
7.9

45.1
14.1
31.0
13.2
34.3
7.4

45.3
14.9
30.4
14.1
34.6
6.1

45.3
14.4
30.9
13.0
33.9
7.8

45.0
15.3
29.7
13.6
33.2
8.2

44.3
15.0
29.4
13.1
33.9
8.7

43.7
13.9
29.8
13.5
34.0
8.9

43.5
14.8
28.6
14.3
33.7
8.5

42.0
13.9
28.1
14.4
35.6
7.9

43.5
13.0
30.6
13.6
35.9
6.9

45.6
14.6
31.0
13.2
34.4
6.7

44.0
13.5
30.5
14.3
34.3
7.5

1.9
.6
1.4
.3

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

1.9
.6
1.4
.3

1.9
.6
1.4
.3

1.8
.5
1.4
.4

1.8
.6
1.4
.4

1.8
.6
1.4
.3

1.7
.6
1.5
.3

1.8
.6
1.4
.3

19
5
1.4
.3

1.4
3

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs .... 2,646
833
On temporary layoff
1,813
Not on temporary layoff
774
Job leavers
2,007
Reentrants
446
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ....
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ....
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used

in the household survey.

A-13. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

Duration
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

2,521
1,884
1,467
752
715

2,741
1,868
1,474
794
680

2,502
1,832
1,519
784
735

2,540
1,775
1,634
806
828

2,640
1,778
1,511
779
732

2,599
1,798
1,463
747
716

2,582
1,805
1,412
708
704

2,545
1,811
1,434
719
715

2,601
1,760
1,401
725
676

2,620
1,694
1,388
693
695

2,447
1,754
1,372
667
705

2,603
1,864
1,277
673
604

2,824
1,719
1,295
657
637

13.6
6.8

13.2
6.1

13.4
6.6

14.3
6.3

13.5
5.8

13.2
6.4

13.0
5.9

13.2
6.3

13.0
6.2

12.8
5.9

13.2
5.7

125
6.1

128
60

100.0
42.9
32.1
25.0
12.8
12.2

100.0
45.1
30.7
24.2
13.1
11.2

100.0
42.7
31.3
26.0
13.4
12.6

100.0
42.7
29.8
27.5
13.5
13.9

100.0
44.5
30.0
25.5
13.1
12.3

100.0
44.4
30.7
25.0
12.7
12.2

100.0
44.5
31.1
24.3
12.2
12.1

100.0
44.0
31.3
24.8
12.4
12.3

100.0
45.1
30.5
24.3
12.6
11.7

100.0
45.9
29.7
24.3
12.2
12.2

100.0
43.9
31.5
24.6
12.0
12.7

100.0
45.3
32.5
22.2
11.7
10.5

100.0
48.4
29.4
22.2
11.3
10.9

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used




in the household survey.

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
March 2000
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

209,053
16,196
8,097
8,099
18,240
118,606
37,515
18,107
19,409
44,536
22,142
22,394
36,556
19,711
16,844
23,398
13,018
10,380
32,614
9,233
8,527
14,854

140,501
7,921
3,042
4,879
14.123
100,165
31,861
15.327
16,534
37,953
18,744
19,209
30,351
16,730
13,621
14,005
9,015
4,990
4,288
2,302
1,167
819

67.2
48.9
37.6
60.2
77.4
84.5
84.9
84.7
85.2
85.2
84.7
85.8
83.0
84.9
80.9
59.9
69.3
48.1
13.1
24.9
13.7
5.5

134,494
6,844
2,546
4,298
13,015
96,896
30,604
14,682
15,922
36,652
18,062
18,591
29,640
16,324
13,316
13,617
8,795
4,823
4,122
2,203
1,117
802

64.3
42.3
31.4
53.1
71.4
81.7
81.6
81.1
82.0
82.3
81.6
83.0
81.1
82.8
79.1
58.2
67.6
46.5
12.6
23.9
13.1
5.4

3,079
175
75
100
280
1,916
609
337
272
742
352
390
565
327
237
407
217
189
301
134
73
94

100,405
8,260
4,184
4,075
9,051
58,061
18,347
8,809
9,538
21,892
10,867
11,025
17,822
9,599
8,223
11,165
6,252
4,913
13,868
4,259
3,769
5,840

74,790
4,101
1,603
2,498
7,417
53,217
17,105
8,128
8,977
20,319
10,174
10,145
15,793
8,696
7,097
7,575
4,774
2,801
2,481
1,299
705
477

74.5
49.7
38.3
61.3
81.9
91.7
93.2
92.3
94.1
92.8
93.6
92.0
88.6
90.6
86.3
67.8
76.4
57.0
17.9
30.5
18.7
8.2

71,613
3,556
1,332
2,224
6,823
51,499
16,416
7,773
8,643
19,668
9,844
9,824
15,415
8,497
6,918
7,343
4,649
2,694
2.391
1,253
673
466

71.3
43.1
31.8
54.6
75.4
88.7
89.5
88.2
90.6
89.8
90.6
89.1
86.5
88.5
84.1
65.8
74.4
54.8
17.2
29.4
17.8
8.0

108,649
7,936
3,912
4,023
9,189
60,545
19,168
9,297
9,871
22,644
11,275
11,369
18,733
10,112
8,621
12,233
6,766
5,467
18,746
4,974
4,758
9,014

65,711
3,819
1,438
2,381
6,706
46,948
14,756
7,199
7,557
17,634
8,570
9,065
14,558
8,034
6,525
6,430
4,241
2,190
1,807
1,003
461
343

60.5
48.1
36.8
59.2
73.0
77.5
77.0
77.4
76.6
77.9
76.0
79.7
77.7
79.4
75.7
52.6
62.7
40.1
9.6
20.2
9.7
3.8

62,881
3,288
1,214
2,074
6,192
45,397
14,188
6.908
7,279
16,984
8,218
8,767
14,225
7,827
6,398
6,274
4,145
2,129
1,731
950
444
336

57.9
41.4
31.0
51.6
67.4
75.0
74.0
74.3
73.7
75.0
72.9
77.1
75.9
77.4
74.2
51.3
61.3
38.9
9.2
19.1
9.3
3.7

Employed

Unemployed
Not

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

131,415
6,669
2,471
4,198
12,735
94,980
29,995
14,344
15,650
35,910
17,710
18,200
29,075
15,997
13,079
13,210
8,577
4,633
3.821
2,069
1,044
708

6,007
1,077
496
580
1,108
3,269
1,257
646
611
1,301
682
619
711
406
305
388
221
168
166
99
50
17

4.3
13.6
16.3
11.9
7.8
3.3
3.9
4.2
3.7
3.4
3.6
3.2
2.3
2.4
2.2
2.8
2.4
3.4
39
4.3
4.3
2.1

68,552
8,275
5,055
3,220
4,117
18,441
5,654
2,779
2,875
6,583
3.398
3,184
6,204
2,981
3,223
9,392
4,003
5,389
28,326
6,931
7.360
14,035

2,207
133
54
80
214
1,347
425
242
183
532
272
261
390
233
157
278
133
145
235
110
52
73

69,406
3,423
1,278
2,144
6,609
50,152
15,991
7,531
8.460
19,136
9,572
9.563
15,025
8,264
6,762
7,065
4,516
2,549
2,157
1,143
621
393

3,177
545
271
274
594
1,718
689
355
334
651
330
321
378
200
178
232
125
107
89
46
32
10

4.2
13.3
16.9
11.0
8.0
3.2
4.0
4.4
3.7
3.2
3.2
3.2
2.4
2.3
2.5
3.1
2.6
3.8
3.6
3.6
4.6
2.2

25.614
4.159
2,581
1,578
1,634
4,844
1,242
681
561
1,573
693
880
2,029
903
1,127
3,590
1.478
2,112
11,387
2,960
3,064
5,363

873
41
21
20
66
569
184
95
89
210
80
130
175
94
81
129
84
45
67
25
21
21

62,008
3,246
1,192
2,054
6,126
44,828
14,004
6,813
7,190
16,774
8,137
8,637
14,050
7,733
6,317
6,145
4,061
2,084
1,664
926
423
315

2,830
532
225
307
514
1.551
568
291
277
650
352
298
333
206
127
157
96
61
76
52
17
7

4.3
13.9
15.6
12.9
7.7
3.3
3.9
4.0
3.7
3.7
4.1
3.3
2.3
2.6
1.9
2.4
2.3
2.8
4.2
5.2
3.7
2.0

42,938
4,116
2,474
1,642
2,483
13,597
4,412
2,098
2,314
5,009
2,705
2,305
4.175
2,079
2,097
5,802
2,525
3,277
16,939
3,971
4,296
8,672

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ...
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over.
Men
16 years and over......
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ...
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
See footnotes at end of table.




18

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 2000
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed
Not

Total

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

labor
force

WHITE
173,983

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

12,718

6,331
6,387

14,590
97,595
30,090
14,398
15,691
36,736
18,210
18,527
30,768
16,455
14,313
20,181
11,219
8,962

28,899
8,008
7,505
13,386

117,451
6,706
2,598
4,108

11,597
83,056
25,716

12,342
13,375
31,543
15,515

16,029
25.796
14,117

11,679
12,242

7,861
4,381
3,851
2,036
1,061
754

67.5
52.7
41.0
64.3
79.5
85.1.
85.5
85.7
85.2
85.9
85.2
86.5
83.8
85.8
81.6
60.7
70.1
48.9
13.3
25.4
14.1
5.6

113,006
5,909
2,200
3,709
10,847
80,616
24,810
11,903
12.907
30,574

75.3
53.3
40.9
65.8
84.4
92.8
94.4
94.3
94.6
94.0
94.7
93.3
89.7
91.8
87.2
68.8
77.3
58.0
18.3
31.2
19.0
8.6

61,178
3,047
1,127
1.920
5,794
43,650
13,604
6,481
7,123

60.1
52.1
41.1
62.9
74.5
77.5
76.6
77.3
76.0
77.8
75.8
79.8
78.1
79.9
76.1
53.1
63.2
40.5
9.6
20.4
10.2
3.7

51,827
2,862
1,073
1,789
5,052

15,012

15,562
25,232
13,804

11.427
11,929
7,682
4,247
3,705
1,948
1,020
736

65.0
46.5
34.8
58.1
74.3
82.6
82.5
82.7
82.3
83.2
82.4
84.0
82.0
83.9
79.8
59.1
68.5
47.4
12.8
24.3
13.6
5.5

2,906
163
66
96
274
1,810
589
323
266
699
339
361
522
306
216
372
205
167
287
124
73
90

110,099
5,746
2,134
3,612
10,572
78,806
24,221
11,580
12,641
29,874
14,673
15,201
24,710
13,499
11,212
11,557
7,477
4,080
3,418
1,824
947
647

4,446
797
397
400
750
2,440
906
439
467
969
503
467
565
313
251
313
178
135
146
87
41
17

3.8
11.9
15.3
9.7
6.5
2.9
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.1
3.2
2.9
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.6
2.3
3.1
3.8
4.3
3.9
2.3

56,531
6.012
3,734
2,278
2,993
14,539
4,374
2.057
2,317
5,193
2,695
2,498
4,972
2,338
2,635
7,939
3.358
4,580
25,048
5,972
6,444
12,632

72.5
46.9
34.6
59.2
78.8
90.1
91.1
90.8
91.3
91.3
92.0
90.5
87.7
89.7
85.3
66.8
75.4
55.9
17.6
30.1
18.2
8.4

2,060
124
48
76
213
1,257
409
231
177
494
258
236
354
212
142
246
124
122
220
100
52
69

59,118
2,923
1.079
1,844
5,581
42,394
13,195
6,250
6,945
16,235
8,100
8,134
12,964
7,108
5.855
6,263
3,987
2,277
1,956

1,023
562
372

2,412
419
207
212
410
1,309
507
250
256
494
241
253
309
170
139
194
103
90
80
41
28
10

3.8
12.1
15.5
9.9
6.6
2.9
3.6
3.7
3.5
2.9
2.8
2.9
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.9
2.5
3.6
3.5
3.6
4.3
2.3

20,824
3,036
1,926
1.110
1.148
3.503
830
405
425
1,107
483
624
1,566
669
898
3,038
1.236
1,802
10,098
2,563
2,734
4,802

57.9
46.0
34.9
56.9
69.8
75.2
74.0
74.7
73.3
75.2
72.9
77.5
76.5
78.2
74.6
51.9
61.9
39.6
9.2
19.3
9.8
3.6

846
39
18
20
61
553
180
91
89
205
80
125
168
94
74
126
81
45
67
25
21
21

50,982
2,823
1,055
1,768
4,991
36.412
11,026
5,330
5,696
13,640
6,573
7,067
11,746
6,390
5,356
5,293
3,491
1,803
1,462
801
385
275

2,034
378
190
188
340
1,131
399
188
211
476
262
214
256
144
112
119
75
44
66
46
14
7

3.8
11.7
15.1
9.5
6.3
3.0
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.8
2.9
2.1
2.2
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.3
4.1
5.3
3.2
2.2

35,707
2,976
1,808
1,168
1,845
11.035
3,544
1,652
1,892
4.086
2,212
1,874
3,406
1,669
1,737
4,901
2,123
2,778
14,950
3,410
3,710
7,830

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16to 17years
18 to I9years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

84,414
6,503
3,260
3,242
7,353
48,463
14,940
7,137
7,804
18,329
9,082
9,247
15,193
8,159
7,035
9,742
5,449
4.292
12,354
3,726
3.375
5,253

63,590
3,467
1,334
2,132
6,205

89,569
6,215
3,071
3,144
7,237

53,861
3,240
1,263
1.976
5,392
38,096

44,959
14,110
6,732
7,379
17,222
8,599
8,623

13,627
7,490
6,137
6,703

4,214
2,490
2,256
1,164
641
451

16,729
8,359
8,370
13,318
7,320

5,997
6,510
4,110

2,399
2,176
1.123
613
440

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

49,132
15,149
7,262
7,887
18,407
9,127
9,280
15,575
8.297
7,279
10,439
5,770
4,670
16,545
4,282
4,130
8,133

11,606
5,610
5,996
14,321
6,915
7,406
12,170
6,627
5,542
5,539
3,647
1,892
1,595
872
420
303

36,966
11,206
5,422
5,785
13,845
6,653
7,192
11,914
6,484
5.430
5,420
3,572
1,847
1,528
826
407
296

See footnotes at end of table.




19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 2000
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

25,105
2,474
1,249
1,225
2,663
14,867
5,154
2,534
2,620
5,658
2,868
2,790
4,055
2,339
1,715
2,342
1,309
1,032
2,759
850
764
1,145

16,466
881
323
559
1,912
12,144
4,304
2,044
2,260
4,656
2,386
2,270
3,183
1,863
1,320
1,213
814
399
316
186
77
53

65.6
35.6
25.8
45.6
71.8
81.7
83.5
80.7
86.3
82.3
83.2
81.4
78.5
79.6
77.0
51.8
62.2
38.7
11.4
21.9
10.0
4.6

15,231
653
233
421
1,598
11,507
4,023
1,873
2,150
4,400
2,237
2,163
3,084
1,795
1,288
1,171
787
384
302
180
70
53

60.7
26.4
18.6
34.3
60.0
77.4
78.1
73.9
82.0
77.8
78.0
77.5
76.1
76.7
75.1
50.0
60.1
37.2
11.0
21.1
9.1
4.6

133
6
6
1
5
91
19
13
6
37
10
27
35
16
19
25
3
22
7
2

15,097
647
227
420
1,593
11,416
4,004
1,860
2,144
4,363
2,227
2,135
3,049
1.779
1,269
1,146
784
362
295
177
70
48

1,236
228
90
138
315
637
281
171
111
256
149
108
100
68
32
42
27
16
14
7
7

11,266
1,216
627
588
1,222
6,723
2,304
1,119
1,186
2,591
1,306
1,285
1,827
1.046
781
1,020
575
445
1.085
356
286
443

7,704
452
194
258
883
5,653
1,991
907
1,083
2,203
1,141
1.062
1,459
855
604
574
382
192
142
77
45
20

68.4
37.2
30.9
43.9
72.3
84.1
86.4
81.1
91.4
85.0
87.3
82.6
79.9
81.7
77.3
56.3
66.4
43.1
13.1
21.6
15.7
4.5

7,112
350
137
213
724
5,348
1.845
820
1,025
2,084
1,071
1,013
1,418
836
583
552
368
184
138
77
42
20

63.1
28.8
21.9
36.1
59.3
79.5
80.1
73.3
86.4
80.4
82.0
78.9
77.6
79.9
74.6
54.1
64.0
41.3
12.8
21.5
14.6
4.5

110
6
6
1

7,002
344
132
212
724
5,272
1.831
811
1,019
2,051
1,061
990
1.390
820
571
530
368
162
132
75
42
15

592
102
57
45
159
305
145
87
58
119
70
49
41
19
22
22
14
8
4

13,839
1,258
622
637
1,442
8,144
2,850
1,415
1,434
3,067
1,562
1,505
2,227
1,293
934
1,321
735
587
1,673
494
478
702

8,762
429
129
301
1,029
6,491
2,313
1,136
1,177
2,453
1,245
1,209
1,724
1,008
716
639
432
207
174
109
31
33

63.3
34.1
20.7
47.2
71.4
79.7
81.2
80.3
82.0
80.0
79.7
80.3
77.4
77.9
76.7
48.4
58.8
35.3
10.4
22.1
6.6
4.7

8,119
303
95
208
873
6,159
2.178
1,053
1,125
2,316
1,167
1,150
1,665
960
706
619
420
200
164
103
28
33

58.7
24.1
15.3
32.7
60.6
75.6
76.4
74.4
78.4
75.5
74.7
76.4
74.8
74.2
75.6
46.9
57.1
34.0
9.8
20.8
5.8
4.7

24

8,095
303
95
208
868
6,144
2,174
1,049
1,125
2,311
1,167
1,145
1,658
960
699
616
417
200
164
103
28
33

644
126
33
93
156
332
136
84
52
137
78
59
58
48
10
20
13
8
10
6
4

Employed
Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

labor
force

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16to 17years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

7.5
25.9

27.9
24.7
16.4
5.2
6.5
8.3
4.9
5.5
6.2
4.7
3.1
3.6
2.4
3.5
3.3
3.9
4.3
3.6
9.1

8,638
1,593
926
666
751
2,723
850
490
360
1,002
483
519
872
477
395
1,128
495
633
2,443
664
687
1,092

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

75
15
9
6
32
10
23
28
16
32
22
22
7
2

7.7
22.6
29.3
17.6
18.0
5.4
7.3
9.6
5.4
5.4
6.2
4.6
2.8
2.3
3.6
3.8
3.7
4.1
2.5
.4

3,562
763
433
330
338
1,070
313
211
102
388
165
223
368
191
177
446
193
253
943
279
241
423

7.3
29.3
25.9
30.8
15.1
5.1
5.9
7.4
4.4
5.6
6.3
4.9
3.4
4.8
1.4
3.2
2.9
3.8
5.8
5.8

5,077
829
493
336
413
1,653
536
279
257
613
317
296
503
285
218
682
303
379
1.500
384
446
669

3

Women
16 years and over
16to 19years
16to 17years
18to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in




the household survey.

20

5
16
4
4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

207,036
138.418
66.9
132,299
3.022
129,277
6,119
4.4
68,618

209,053
140,501
67.2
134,494
3.079
131,415
6,007
4.3
68,552

91,215
69,781
76.5
67,185
2,086
65,099
2.597
3.7
21,434

92,145
70,689
76.7
68,057
2,073
65,984
2,632
3.7
21,456

99,833
60.780
60.9
58,400
764
57,635
2,381
3.9
39,052

100,713
61,892
61.5
59,593
831
58.762
2,298
3.7
38,821

15,988
7,856
49.1
6.715
172
6.543
1.142
14.5
8,132

16.196
7.921
489
6.844
175
6.669
1,077
13.6
8,275

172,597
115,866
67.1
111,414
2,820
108,594
4,451
3.8
56,731

173,983
117,451
67.5
113,006
2,906
110,099
4,446
3.8
56,531

77,202
59,541
77.1
57,546
1,936
55,610
1,995
3.4
17,661

77,911
60,123
77.2
58,131
1,936
56,194
1,993
3.3
17,788

82,745
49,729
60.1
48,078
721
47,358
1,650
3.3
33,017

83,353
50,622
60.7
48,966
807
48,159
1.656
3.3
32,731

12.649
6,596
52.1
5,790
164
5,627
806
12.2
6,053

12.718
6,706
52.7
5,909
163
5,746
797
11.9
6,012

24,729
16,125
65.2
14,798
128
14,670
1,327
8.2
8,604

25,105
16,466
65.6
15,231
133
15,097
1,236
7.5
8,638

9,869
7,031
71.2
6,583
105
6,478
448
6.4
2,838

10,050
7,252
72.2
6,762
104
6.659
490
6.8
2,798

12,388
8,166
65.9
7,575
21
7,555
590
7.2
4,222

12,580
8,333
66.2
7,815
24
7,792
518
6.2
4,247

2,472
928
37.6
639
2
637
289
31.1
1,544

2,474
881
35.6
653
6
647
228
25.9
1.593

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagncultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries

Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not m labor force

N O T E Beginning in January 2000. data reflect revised population controls used




in the household survey.

21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
March 2000
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status/educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Unemployed

Total

Full
time

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

18,864
12,959
5.905

9,013
5,476
3,537

47.8
42.3
59.9

8,182
4,822
3,360

1,475
418
1.057

6,707
4,404
2.303

831
654
177

197
111
86

633
543
91

9.2
11.9
5.0

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

10,278
8.586
7,321
1,265

4.032
4,981
3,878
1,103

39.2
58.0
53.0
87.2

3,480
4,702
3.648
1,054

219
1.256
600
656

3,261
3.446
3,048
398

553
278
230
49

94
103
71
32

458
175
158
17

137
5.6
5.9
4.4

Men, 16to 24 years
20 to 24 years

9,452
6.576
2.876

4,420
2.714
1.706

46.8
41.3
59.3

4,000
2.386
1,614

772
206
566

3,228
2,179
1.048

420
328
92

97
47
50

323
281
42

9.5
12.1
5.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

5,443
4,009
3.375
633

2.159
2.261
1.684
577

39.7
56.4
49.9
91.1

1,849
2,151
1,594
557

139
633
280
353

1,710
1.518
1,314
204

310
110
90
20

49
48
34
14

261
62
56
6

14.3
4.9
5.4
3.5

Women. 16 to 24 years
I6to 19years
20 to 24 years

9,412
6,383
3.029

4.593
2.762
1.831

48.8
43.3
60.4

4,182
2.436
1.746

703
211
491

3.479
2.225
1.254

411
326
85

100
64
37

310
262

8.9
118
46

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,834
4,577
3.946
631

1,873
2.719
2.194
526

38.7
59.4
55.6
83.2

1.630
2.552
2,054
497

79
623
320
303

1.551
1,928
1.735
194

243
168
139
28

46
55
37
18

197
103
11

13.C
62
6.4
5.4

14,790
10,140
4,650

7,604
4,678
2,926

51.4
46.1
62.9

6,966
4,171
2,795

1.193
367
827

5.773
3.804
1,968

638
507
131

140
88
53

497
419
78

8.4
10.8
4.5

Men
Women

7,409
7,381

3,696
3,908

49.9
52.9

3,366
3,600

612
582

2,755
3,018

330
308

71
69

259
239

8.9
7.9

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

7,897
6,893
5,926
967

3.428
4,176
3,320
857

43.4
60.6
56.0
88.6

2,998
3,968
3,148
820

190
1.004
496
508

2.808
2.965
2.653
312

430
208
171
37

72
69
45
24

358
139
127
13

12.5
5.0
5.2
4.3

2,728
1,957
771

956
560
396

35.0
28.6
51.3

801
442
360

212
38
175

589
404
185

154
118
36

47
19
28

107
99
8

16.1
21.1
9.1

Men
Women

1,350
1,377

492
464

36.4
33.7

417
385

120
93

297
292

76
79

20
27

56
52

154
17.0

High school
College
Full-time students .
Part-time students

1,724
1,004
796
208

446
510
336
174

25.8
50.8
42.2
83.9

344
457
295
162

24
188
80
108

320
269
215
54

101
53
41
12

19
28
20

82
25
21
4

22.7
10.4
12.3
6.8

2,053
1.600
453

841
532
308

41.0
33.3
68.1

738
440
298

191
73
118

547
367
180

102
92
11

35
25
11

67
67

12.2
17.2
34

Men
Women

1.061
992

448
393

42.2
39.6

398
341

94
97

304
244

50
52

15
20

35
32

11.2
13.2

High school
College
Full-time students .
Part-time students

1,373
680
534
145

389
452
325
127

28.3
66.5
60.8
87.4

326
412
291
121

59
133
63

267
280
228
52

63
40
34

15
20
15
6

48
19
19

16.1
8.7
10.4
4.5

16to 19years

113

White
Total. 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years ...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total. 16 to 24 years ...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.




22

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 2000
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Unemployed

Full
time

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
15,572
3,237
12,335

13,030
2,445
10,586

83.7
75.5
85.8

11,676
2,022
9,655

9,781
1,465
8,316

1,896
557

Less than a hign school diploma
High scnool graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

3,950
6,646
3,438
1,537

2,839
5,643
3.128
1,420

71.9
84.9
91.0
92.4

2,323
5,037
2,966
1.351

1.849
4.201
2,483
1,248

Men, 16to 24 years
16to 19years
20 to 24 years

7.859
1,683
6,175

7,097
1,387
5,711

90.3
82.4
92.5

6,379
1,170
5,209

2,184
3,452
1.611
611

1.826
3,136

1,557
577

83.6
90.9
96.7
94.4

7,713
1.553
6,159

5,933
1,058
4.875

1.766
3.194
1,828

1,354
423
931

1,228
381
847

126
42
84

10.4
17.3
8.8

474
836
482
103

516

606
163
70

478
545
137
67

38
61
25
2

18.2
10.7
5.2
49

5,648
942
4,706

731
228
503

718
217
502

652
193
459

24
42

10.1
15.6
8.8

1,533
2,825
1,474
548

1,308
2,512
1,312
516

224
312
162
32

294

16
35

29

278
277
71
27

12
2

16.1
9.9
5.4
5.1

76.9
68.1
79.1

5,297
852
4,446

4,132
523
3,610

1,165
329
836

635
206
429

575
188
387

60
18
42

10.7
19.5
8.8

57.4
78.5
86.0
91.1

791
2,213
1.492
802

541
1.688
1.171
732

250
524
320
70

222
294
79
40

200
268
66
40

22
25
13

926

1.013
2,506
1,571
843

21 9
11 7
50
46

12,518
2,578
9,940

10,699
2,028
8,671

85.5
78.7
87.2

9,789
1,738
8,051

8,233
1,278
6,955

1,556
460
1,096

910
290
620

815
263
552

95
27
68

8.5
14.3
7.1

Men
Women

6,447
6,072

5,975
4,724

92.7
77.8

5,476
4,314

4,900
3,333

575
981

499
410

452
363

47
48

8.4
8.7

Less than a high school diploma ...
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelors degree
College graduates

3,111
5,353
2,758
1,297

2,317
4.653
2,515
1.215

74.5
86.9
91.2
93.7

1,952
4,278
2,397
1,161

1,591
3.581
1,994
1,068

362
698
403
94

365
374
117
53

336
333
95
51

29
41
22
2

15.7
8.0
4.7
4.4

2,410
517
1,893

1,838
321
1,517

76.3
62.2
80.1

1,450
211
1,238

1,187
130
1,057

263
82
181

388
110
278

366
102
265

22
8
14

21 i
34.2
18.4

Men
Women

1,087
1,323

843
995

77.6
75.2

658
792

545
642

113
150

186
203

176
191

10
12

22.0
204

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

683
1.066

61.3
76.2
91.4
94.0

288
609
441
111

196
503
380
108

93
106

130
203
42

123
191
39
12

7
12
3

31.1
25.0
88

132

419
812
483
124

2,973
730
2,243

2,354
522
1,832

79.2
71.5
81.7

2,084
426
1,657

1,807
349
1,457

277
77
200

271
95
175

247
86
161

23
9
14

11.5
18.3
9.6

Men
Women

1.566
1,407

1,438
916

91.8
65.1

1,290
793

1,188
619

103
174

148
123

128
120

20
4

10.3
134

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

1,458
1,033
415
66

1,077
863
354
59

73.9
83.6
85.4

913
783
331
57

798
698
264
47

115
85
67
10

164
81
24
2

160
70
15
2

4
11
9

15.2
9.3
6.7

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women. 16to 24years
16to 19years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma ...
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

1,339

312
83

White
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

529

61
3

12

99

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19years
20 to 24 years

1

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups




will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic
origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Men

Total
Educational attainment

Mar.
1999

Women

White

Hispanic origin

Black

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

174,618
118,458
67.8
114,635
65.6
3,823
3.2

82,362
62,660
76.1
60,617
73.6
2,043
3.3

83,094
63,272
76.1
61,234
73.7
2,039
3.2

90,773
54,143
59.6
52,267
57.6
1,876
3.5

91,524
55,186
60.3
53,402
58.3
1,784
3.2

145,642
97,955
67.3
95,059
65.3
2,895
3.0

146,675
99,149
67.6
96,250
65.6
2,898
2.9

19,661
13,412
68.2
12,637
64.3
775
5.8

19,967
13,673
68.5
12,980
65.0
693
5.1

16,476
11,488
69.7
10,913
66.2
574
5.0

17,141
12,109
70.6
11,461
66.9
648
5.4

28,442
12,119
42.6
11,265
39.6
854
7.0

27,523
11,801
42.9
10,896
39.6
905
7.7

13,407
7,295
54.4
6,856
51.1
439
6.0

12,928
7,037
54.4
6,559
50.7
477
6.8

15,035
4,824
32.1
4,409
29.3
415
8.6

14,595
4,764
32.6
4,337
29.7
428
9.0

22,669
9,697
42.8
9,072
40.0
625
6.4

21,941
9,558
43.6
8,865
40.4
693
7.2

4,465
1,779
39.8
1,594
35.7
185
10.4

4,283
1,640
38.3
1,476
34.5
164
10.0

6,977
4,038
57.9
3,764
53.9
274
6.8

7,113
4,345
61.1
3,980
56.0
365
8.4

57,805
37,734
65.3
36,302
62.8
1,432
3.8

58,033
37,742
65.0
36,364
62.7
1,377
3.6

26,181
19,852
75.8
19,102
73.0
750
3.8

26,556
20,024
75.4
19,269
72.6
755
3.8

31,624
17,882
56.5
17,200
54.4
682
3.8

31,477
17,718
56.3
17,095
54.3
622
3.5

48,899
31,507
64.4
30,471
62.3
1,037
3.3

49,095
31,533
64.2
30,502
62.1
1,031
3.3

6,999
4,975
71.1
4,670
66.7
305
6.1

7,035
4,927
70.0
4,636
65.9
291
5.9

4,535
3,399
74.9
3.233
71.3
166
4.9

4,896
3,585
73.2
3,423
69.9
162
4.5

43,028
31,826
74.0
30,835
71.7
991
3.1

44,225
32,898
74.4
31,929
72.2
969
2.9

19,949
16,147
80.9
15,645
78.4
502
3.1

20,336
16,433
80.8
15,951
78.4
482
2.9

23,080
15,679
67.9
15,189
65.8
489
3.1

23,888
16,465
68.9
15,978
66.9
487
3.0

36,235
26,523
73.2
25,780
71.1
743
2.8

37,207
27,305
73.4
26,568
71.4
737
2.7

5,121
4,059
79.3
3,854
75.3
205
5.1

5,332
4,282
80.3
4,112
11A
169
4.0

3,053
2,473
81.0
2,376
77.8
97
3.9

3,187
2,562
80.4
2,489
78.1
73
2.9

30,067
21,728
72.3
20,998
69.8
730
3.4

30,625
22,291
72.8
21,592
70.5
700
3.1

14,170
11,223
79.2
10,844
76.5
379
3.4

14,442
11,473
79.4
11,119
77.0
354
3.1

15,898
10,504
66.1
10,154
63.9
351
3.3

16,183
10,819
66.9
10,473
64.7
346
3.2

25,066
17,847
71.2
17,312
69.1
535
3.0

25,545
18,256
71.5
17,716
69.4
540
3.0

3,880
3,071
79.2
2,907
74.9
164
5.3

3,967
3,174
80.0
3,055
77.0
119
3.7

2,314
1,872
80.9
1,792
77.4
80
4.3

2,379
1,886
79.3
1,835
77.1
51
2.7

12,961
10,098
77.9
9,837
75.9
261
2.6

13,600
10,607
78.0
10,338
76.0
269
2.5

5,779
4,924
85.2
4,801
83.1
123
2.5

5,894
4,960
84.2
4,832
82.0
128
2.6

7,182
5,174
72.0
5,036
70.1
139
2.7

7,706
5,646
73.3
5,506
71.5
141
2.5

11,168
8,676
77.7
8,468
75.8
207
2.4

11,662
9,048
77.6
8,851
75.9
197
2.2

1,242
988
79.6
947
76.3
41
4.2

1,365
1,108
81.1
1,057
77.5
50
4.6

739
600
81.3
584
79.0
17
2.8

808
677
83.8
655
81.0
22
3.3

43,859
35,124
80.1
34,483
78.6
641
1.8

44,838
36,017
80.3
35,446
79.1
572
1.6

22,825
19,366
84.8
19,014
83.3
352
1.8

23,274
19,779
85.0
19,454
83.6
325
1.6

21,034
15,758
74.9
15,469
73.5
290
1.8

21,564
16,238
75.3
15,991
74.2
247
1.5

37,839
30,227
79.9
29,736
78.6
491
1.6

38,432
30,753
80.0
30,316
78.9
438
1.4

3,076
2,599
84.5
2,519
81.9
80
3.1

3,317
2,824
85.1
2,755
83.0
69
2.4

1,910
1,578
82.6
1,541
80.6
37
2.4

1,945
1,616
83.1
1,569
80.7
47
2.9

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population ... 173,135
116,803
Civilian labor force
67.5
Percent of population
112,884
Employed
65.2
Employment-population ratio
3,919
Unemployed
3.4
Unemployment rate
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
High school graduates, no college
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Less than a bachelor's degree1
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are




included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 2000,
data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

24

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(In thousands)
March 2000
Employed

Unemployed

Full-time workers

Part-time workers

At work

At work2

Age, sex, and race
Total

1

35
hours
or
more

1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Total

Part time for
economic
reasons

Part time
for
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

4,714
492
119
373
4,222
933

1.294
585
377
207
709
175
534
352
182

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

110,591
1,883
206
1,677
108,708
9,373
99,335
86,073
13,262

98,551
1,629
175
1.454
96,922
8,311
88,611
77,091
11,520

8,707
212
24
188
8,495
822
7,673
6,498
1,174

3,334
42
6
36
3,292
239
3,052
2,484
568

23,903
4,961
2,340
2,621
18,942
3,642
15,300
10,823
4,477

2,126
201
39
162
1,925
446
1,479
1,296
183

20,307
4,514
2,182
2,331

15,793
2,924
12,869
8,921
3,948

1,470
247
118
128
1,224
271
952
606
346

63,824
1,149
62,676
5,272
57,404
49,519
7,885

57,716
995
56,721
4,716
52,006
45,086
6,920

4,444
143
4,301
428
3,873
3,232
640

1,665
12
1,653
128
1,526
1,200
326

7,788
2,407
5,381
1,552
3,830
1,980
1,849

889
90
799
220
578
496
82

6,483
2,227
4,256
1,220
3,035
1,385
1,651

417
91
327
111
216
100
116

2,644
240
2,403
509

46,767
734
46,033
4,101
41,932
36,555
5,377

40,835
634
40,200
3,596
36,605
32,005
4,600

4,263
69
4,194
394
3,800
3,266
534

1,669
30
1,638
112
1,527
1,284
243

16,115
2,554
13,561
2,090
11,470
8,843
2,628

1,237
111
1,126
226
900
800
100

13,824
2,287
11,537
1,704
9,833
7,536
2,297

1,053
156
897
160
736
506
230

2,070
252
1,818
424
1,394

54,617
1,023
53,594
4,489
49,105
42,101
7,004

49,410
892
48,518
4,028
44,490
38,349
6,141

3,742
120
3,622
347
3,276
2,713
563

1,465
12
1,453
114
1,339
1.040
300

6,561
2,025
4,537
1,305
3,231
1,549
1.682

661
62
599
158
441
385
57

5,520
1,878
3,642
1,047
2,595
1.080
1,515

381
85
296
101
195
84

1,991
184
1,807
340
1,468
1,264
204

420
235
185

37,627
622
37,005
3,293
33,712
29,150
4,562

32,797
550
32,248
2,893
29,355
25,461
3,894

3,458
55
3,403
314
3,089
2,615
474

1,372
17
1,355
87
1,268
1,074
194

14,200
2,240
11,961
1,759
10,202
7,815
2,386

908
97
811
178
633
545
88

12,331
2,004

10,327
1,445
8,882
6,813
2,069

961
139
822
135
687
458
229

1,433
167
1.266
265
1,001

601
2^
390
75
315
218

6,267
89
6,177
576
5,602
5,026
576

5,612
78
5.534
496
5,037
4,542
495

513
11
502
68
434
374
60

142
142
11
131
110
21

845
261
585
149
436
321
115

174
23
151
41
109
90
20

648
234
414
101
313
221
92

23
3
20
6
14
11
3

507
48
459

6,789
78
6,711
656
6,055
5,463
591

5,980
66
5,915
563
5,351
4,839
513

591
9
583
69
514
476
38

217
4
213
24
190
149
41

1,329
225
1,105
217
887
696
191

266
13
253
44
209
203
6

998
195
803
161
642
458
183

65
17
49
12
37
35
2

521
73
448

3,289
2,916
372

1,894

1,646
248

1.270
124

534
305
229
84
145
72
73
760
280
480
90
390
281
109

White
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

111

912
89

71
115
45
70

96

Black
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years

20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

1
Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their
usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work
during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified
according to their usual status.




147
312
286
26

145
303
285
18

85
54
31
11
19
19
122
53
69
11
59
46
12

2
Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason
for working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age

(In thousands)
Total
Occupation

16 years
and over

16 years
and over

Women
20 years
and over

20 years
and over

16 years
and over

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

132,299 134,494

70,544

71,613

67,185

68,057

61,755

62,881

58,400

59,593

40,717
19,944
733
14,278
4,932
20,774

20,250
10,598

20,615
11,088
376
8,530
2,182
9,527
1,870
1,358
329
766
415
585
1,297
676
2,230

20,113
10,551
419
8,125
2,007
9,562
1,909
1,203
443
780
438
590
1,281
673
2,243

20,477
11,011
376
8,472
2.163
9,466
1,870
1,333
329
766
415
585
1,278
676
2,213

19,889
8,893
349
5,666
2,877
10,996
216
550
166
231
2,552
458
4,053
255
2,514

20,102
8,856
357
5,748
2,750
11.246
241
592
195
273
2,348
456
4,177
288
2,676

19.762
8,844
349
5,625
2,870
10,918
216
550
166
231
2.550
452
4,007
255
2,489

19.910
8,793
357
5,702
2,734
11,117
237
592
195
273
2.348
447
4,098
288
2,638

14,262
2,087
283
1,018
786
8,260
2,964
1.661
1.129
2.464
44
3.915
327
161
73
168
567
2,620

13,269
2,014
295
936
783
7,643
2,917
1,509
1,098
2.074
46
3,612
280
128
59
185
534
2,426

13,428
2,044
275
995
lib
7,689
2,937
1,613
1.116
1.984
40
3,695
327
153
63
167
555
2,430

24,718
2,091
1,255
334
501
7,892
1,935
1,122
436
4.311
88
14.735
414
213
3,437
2,011
413
8,247

25,287
2,318
1,445
291
582
7,870
1,984
1,148
431
4.226
81
15,100
363
159
3,368
2,099
414
8,696

22,978
2,047
1,228
324
495
6,808
1,914
1,087
424
3.301
82
14.123
413
211
3,347
1,974
407
7,770

23,536
2,269
1,420
272
576
6,759
1.945
1,108
431
3.194
80
14,509
363
151
3,301
2,062
410
8,222

5,982
30
1,936
4,016
1.755
252
1,533
476

6,395
33
1,934
4,428
1,933
279
1,734
482

11,016
793
466
9.757
3.571
2,328
1,289
2,569

11,143
839
435
9.869
3.572
2.340
1.352
2.605

9,804
700
442
8.662
2,824
2,214
1,235
2,390

10,064
761
423
8,881
2.897
2.245
1,304
2,435

Mar.
1999
Total

Men

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other piofessional specialty occupations

40,138

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

38,854
4,143
1,561
1,288

19,491
768
13,830
4,893
20,648

2,128
1,757
609
1,012
2,990
1,056
5,362
930
4,803

1,294
16,127
4,866
2,646
1,546

Mar.
2000

2,111

1.950
524
1,039
2.763
1.042
5,475

964
4,906
39,549
4,404
1,728

1,309
1,367
16,130
4.947
2,809

419

8,164
2,016
9,652
1,912
1,207
443
780
438

597
1,310
675

2,289
14,136
2,052
306
954

793
8,234
2,931
1.524
1,110

695
345
3,500
2,202
958

1,560
6.690
124
19,015
690
320
3,441
2,267
981

10,885

11,316

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

17,965
829
2,446
14,690
6,048
2,587
2,956
3,100

18,636
880
2,393
15,363
6,315
2,650
3,234
3,164

6,949
36
1.980
4,933
2.477
531

7,493
41
1.959
5,494
2,743
310
1,882
559

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

14,543
4,936
5,708
3,899

14,491
4.843
5,749
3,899

13,254
4,690
5,576
2,988

13,079
4,587
5,588
2,904

13,016
4,608
5,454
2,954

12,751
4,484
5,422
2,844

1,290
247
132
911

1,412
257
161
995

1,254
232
128
894

1,387
257
153
978

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,763
7,505
5,195
3,957
1,238
5,063
859
4,204

17,965
7,385
5,296
4,048
1,248
5,285
885
4,400

13,548
4,809
4,660
3,474
1,186
4,080
810
3,270

13,756
4,789
4,737
3,562
1,175
4,230
842
3,388

12,538
4,598
4,526
3,357
1,168
3,415
753
2,662

12,758
4,617
4,612
3,451
1,161
3,528
764
2,764

4,215
2,697
535
483
52
983
49
934

4,209
2,596
558
486
72
1,055
43
1,012

4,012
2,611
532
480
52
869
44
825

4,016
2,540
528
465
63
948
43
906

3,035
1,104
1,931

3,135
1.075
2,059

2,407
828
1,579

2,408
786
1,622

2,267
818
1,448

2,249
785
1,463

628
276
352

727
289
438

590
275
315

680
289
391

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

6,933
136
18,585

N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




2,621
48

3,849
281
133
63

191
545
2,638

258
1,667

used in the household survey.

26

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-20. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Men

Total
Occupation and race

Women

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

132,299
100.0

134,494
100.0

70,544
100.0

71,613
100.0

61.755
100.0

62.881
100.0

30.3
14.7

30.3
14.8
15.4
29.4
3.3

28.7
15.0
13.7
20.0
2.9
11.7
5.5
9.9

32.2
14.4
17.8
40.0
3.4

32.0
14.1

3.9
3.9
2.3

18.8
19.2
6.8
6.6
5.8
3.4

28.8
15.5
13.3
19.9
2.9
11.5
5.5
10.5
.1
2.7
7.7
18.3
19.2
6.7
6.6
5.9
3.4

111,414
100.0

113,006
100.0

60,435
100.0

61,178
100.0

50,979
100.0

51,827
100.0

31.4
15.4
16.0
29.5

29.7
15.9
13.9
20.0
2.9
12.0
5.1
9.0
1
( )
2.6
6.3
19.6
18.0
6.5
6.2
5.4
3.7

29.6

12.5
13.9
12.4
.6
1.7
10.1
11.5
12.7
5.4
3.7
3.6
2.5

31.1
15.4
15.6
29.6
3.2
12.4
13.9
12.6
.6
1.6
10.4
11.4
12.8
5.2
3.8
3.8
2.6

18.3
6.4
6.3
5.6
3.7

33.3
14.9
18.5
40.7
3.4
13.0
24.3
16.4
1.2
.6
14.6
2.0
6.4
4.1
.8
1.5
1.2

32.8
14.4
18.3
40.9
3.7
12.9
24.4
16.4
1.3
.5
14.7
2.2
6.2
3.8
.8
1.6
1.4

14,798
100.0

15,231
100.0

6,889
100.0

7,112
100.0

7,910
100.0

8,119
100.0

20.8
9.7
11.1

22.0
9.9
12.0

29.2

29.0
3.3
8.8

16.9
7.8
9.0
19.2
2.9
8.5
7.8
16.8
.1
5.2
11.5
14.5
30.6
9.5
11.0
10.0
2.0

18.2
9.0
9.2
18.8
2.8
7.5
8.5
18.5
.1
5.0

24.2
11.3
13.0
38.0
2.8
11.8
23.3
26.7
1.6
1.9
23.2
2.2
8.7
5.4
1.2
2.1
.2

25.3
10.7
14.6
38.0
3.8
10.0

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) .
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
Farming, forestry, and fishing

15.6
29.4
3.1
12.2
14.0

13.6
.6
1.8
11.1
11.0
13.4
5.7
3.9
3.8
2.3

12.0

14.1
13.9
.7
1.8
11.4
10.8
13.4
5.5

.1
2.8
7.0

12.8

23.9
17.8
1.3
.8
15.8
2.1
6.8
4.4
.9
1.6
1.0

17.9
40.2
3.7
12.5
24.0
17.7
1.3
.7
15.7
2.2
6.7
4.1

9
1.7
1.2

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) ,
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

3.1

16.3

13.3
19.9
2.8
12.1
5.0
9.4
(1)
2.5
6.8

19.1

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) .
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

2.9
10.2
16.1
22.1
.9
3.4
17.8
7.9
18.9
7.3
5.8
5.8
1.1

1
Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




16.8
22.3
1.0
3.3
18.0
8.0
17.9
6.9
5.6
5.4
.9

used in the household survey.

27

13.5

14.8
28.1
8.7
10.5
8.9
1.7

24.1
25.7
1.7
1.9
22.1
2.0
9.0
5.3
1.4
2.3
1

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed persons by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
March 2000
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services...
Public administration

Total
employed

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Executive,
Techniadminiscians
Profestrative,
and
sional
and
specialty related
manasupport
gerial

Sales

Administrative
Private
support, houseincluding
hold
clerical

Other

Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair

Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
inspectors

Transportation
and
material
moving

Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers

Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing

3,079
525
8,692
20,426
12,543
7,882

106
81
1,258
3,071
1,929
1,143

108
52
152
2,036
1,351
686

65
17
54
650
464
186

17
3
96
744
304
440

132
51
400
1,989
1,128
862

7
2
34
252
155
97

47
203
5,129
3,861
2,689
1,172

14
13
116
5,938
3,476
2,462

44
75
444
737
420
317

17
28
994
1,063
551
512

2,521

9,663
27,483
5,421
22,062

1,323
2,614
653
1,961

579
579
141
439

333
308
58
250

266
11424
2,190
9,235

2,478
2,235
808
1,427

354
5,338
58
5.279

1,375
1,455
374
1,081

106
390
160
230

2,221
1.072
510
562

617
1,963
406
1,557

9
105
64
42

8,802
49,679
1,007
48,672
33,197
6,144

2,609
7,540
3
7,537
4,519
1,341

406
15,862
4
15,858
13,771
999

207
2,515
2
2,513
2,031
255

2,276
1,273
3
1,270
253
31

2,757
7,514

333
9,704
63
9,641
6,016
1,732

156
2,087

776

2,087
446
179

776
129
33

18
625
2
623
351
57

7
553
5
548
83
42

34
351
46
305
60
16

7,514
5,538
1,458

1

880

used in the household survey.

Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

28

14
84
78
6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
March 2000
Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture

Wage and salary workers
Age and sex
Wage and
salary
workers

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Private industries
Total
Total

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,841
154
64
90
243
471
453
297
150
73

1,202
10
6
4
25
138
283
266
257
223

36
11
5
6
12

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years ana over

1,350
115
45
70
193
327
326
227
98
64

834
10
6
4
14
99
202
161
180
169

23
9
3
6
6

491
39
19
20
50
144
127
69
52
9

368

14
2
2

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

11
40
82
105
77
54

6
2

4
1

Other
private
industries

Government

Unpaid
family
workers

122,709
6,613
2,460
4,153
12,513
28.590
33,306
26,657
11,881
3,149

103,032
6,301
2,402
3,899
11.423
24.693
27,995
20,672
9,356
2,592

1,002
102
55
47
97
139
223
213
158
70

102,030
6.199
2,347
3,852
11.326
24,554
27.772
20,460
9,198
2,522

19,677
312
58
254
1,089
3,898
5,310
5,985
2,524
558

8,600
49
9
40
219
1.382
2.577
2,400
1,312
659

106
7
2
5
3
22
28
18
17
12

64,141
3,393
1,274
2,119
6,487
15,233
17,571
13,538
6,235
1,685

55,844
3,268
1,256
2,012
6,017
13,554
15,411
11,122
5,076
1,395

86
17
12
5
6
15
14
15
18
1

55,758
3,251
1,244
2,006
6,011
13,539
15,398
11,107
5,058
1,394

8,297
125
18
107
470
1,679
2,160
2,416
1,159
290

5,241
30
5
25
122
750
1,564
1,485
823
466

24

58,568
3,220
1,186
2,034
6,025
13,358
15,735
13,120
5,646
1,465

47,188
3,033
1,146
1,887
5,406
11,139
12,584
9,550
4,280
1,197

916
85
44
42
90
124
209
198
140
69

46,273
2,948
1,102
1,845
5,316
11,015
12,375
9,353
4,140
1,127

11,379
187
40
147
619
2,219
3,151
3,570
1,366
268

3,359
19
4
15
97
632
1,013
915
489
193

82
7
2
5
3
14
27
15
10
6

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Private
household
workers

Selfemployed
workers

used in the household survey.

29

3
7
5

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
March 2000
Thousands of persons

Hours of work

Percent distribution
All
industries

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

129,690

2,948

126,742

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

30,244
1,364
4,923
15,400
8,558

836
74
206
403
153

29,408
1,290
4,716
14,997
8,405

23.3
1.1
3.8
11.9
6.6

28.4
2.5
7.0
13.7
5.2

23.2
1.0
3.7
11.8
6.6

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

99,446
8,460
49,870
41,116
15,129
15,207
10,781

2,111
179
796
1,136
237
373
526

97,334
8,280
49,074
39,980
14,891
14,833
10,256

76.7
6.5
38.5
31.7
11.7
11.7
8.3

71.6
6.1
27.0
38.5
8.1
12.7
17.8

76.8
6.5
38.7
31.5
11.7
11.7
8.1

39.6
43.5

40.6
46.8

39.6
43.5

Total, 16 years and over

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

used in the household survey.

A-24. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
March 2000
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

30,244

8,707

21,537

29,408

8,464

20,943

3,306
1,955

1,308
1,034

1,997
921

3,169
1,888

1,228
991

1,941

1,029
48

1,008
76

1,029
117
205
26,938
856
6,342
729

7,398
82

6,826

74

875

1,955
3,184
149
380
6,518

3,184
149
380
2,654

23.3
21.0

23.3
24.8

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




69
205

196

19,540
774
5,466
729
6,752
1,955

1,837
3,136

40
196
7,237
82
862
71

Usually
work
part time

897
1,008
36
19.002
768
5,308
695
6,630
1,837

3,864

149
330
6,372

3,136
149
330
2,607

3,766

23.3
19.5

23.4
21.1

23.5
24.9

23.4
19.6

used in the household survey.

30

26,239
850
6,169
695
6,700

Usually
work
full time

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
March 2000
Worked 1 to 34 hours

Industry and class of worker

Average hours

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

For
economic
reasons

Total, 16 years and over

126,742

29,408

Wage and salary workers

118,562

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,169

7,237

19,002

97,334

39.6

43.5

26,795

2,819

6,819

17,157

91,768

39.5

43.2

493

41

5

31

5

453

48.5

48.8

6,935

1,254

324

567

363

5,681

40.6

42.1

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,556
12,084
7,473

2,025
1,028
997

251
93
157

1,013
604
409

761
331
430

17.531
11,056
6,476

42.7
43.3
41.9

43.7
43.9
43.3

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .

8,964
25,136
7,872

1.423
8,082
1,316

189
859
104

574
1,014
502

660
6,210
711

7,541
17,054
6,556

42.1
37.0
40.6

44.0
43.4
42.7

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

43,638
966
42,673
5,967

11,761
504
11,257
892

1,041
86
955
47

2,631
29
2,602
488

8,089
389
7,700
358

31,878
462
31,416
5,075

38.3
30.1
38.5
41.0

43.0
41.7
43.1
42.4

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,074
106

2,544
69

343
7

416
2

1,785
61

5,530
36

40.2
32.1

47.4

Mining
Construction

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
March 2000
Worked 1 to 34 hours

Age, sex, race, and marital status

Average hours

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

126,742
6,380
2,346
4,034
120,362
12,237
108,124
91,954
16,171

29,408
4,725
2,142
2,583
24,683
3,949
20,734
15,866
4,868

67,388
3,321
1,218
2,102
64,067
6,375
57,692
48,883
8,809

For
economic
reasons

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,169
252
40
212
2,917
607
2,310
2,000
310

7,237
133
16
117
7,103
600
6,504
5,533
971

19,002
4,340
2,086
2,254
14,662
2,742
11,920
8,333
3,586

97.334
1,656
204
1,452
95,679
8,288
87,391
76,087
11,303

39.6
23.9
17.9
27.3
40.4
36.0
40.9
41.5
37.6

43.5
39.4
38.6
39.5
43.5
41.4
43.7
43.8
43.3

11,055
2,316
1,083
1,234
8,739
1,750
6,989
4,831
2,158

1,533
128
15
113
1,406
328
1,077
920
158

3,510
80
11
69
3,430
281
3,149
2,637
512

6,012
2,109
1,057
1,052
3,903
1,141
2,762
1,274
1,488

56,333
1,004
136
869
55,329
4,625
50,703
44,052
6,651

42.4
25.0
18.9
28.5
43.3
37.5
43.9
44.6
39.9

44.9
39.7
39.1
39.7
45.0
42.0
45.3
45.4
44 5

59,354
3,060
1,128
1,932
56,294
5,862
50,432
43,071
7,362

18,353
2,409
1,060
1,349
15,944
2,199
13,745
11,035
2,710

1,635
124
25
99
1,511
279
1,233
1,080
153

3,727
54
6
48
3,673
319
3,355
2,896
459

12,991
2,231
1,029
1,202
10,759
1,602
9,158
7,059
2,099

41,001
651
68
583
40,350
3,663
36,687
32,035
4,652

36.4
22.6
16.9
26.0
37.1
34.3
37.5
37.9
34.9

41.5
39.1
37.7
39.3
41.5
40.7
41.6
41.6
41.7

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

106,048
57,333
48.716

25,092
9,286
15,806

2,464
1,216
1,248

5,947
2,949
2,998

16,681
5,121
11,560

80,956
48,047
32,909

39.6
42.6
36.1

43.7
45.1
41.6

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

14,650
6,837
7,813

3,042
1,231
1,811

530
221
309

958
421
537

1,555
589
966

11,608
5,606
6,001

39.2
40.8
37.9

42.0
43.1
41.0

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

40,561
8,504
18,323

4,610
1,131
5,314

625
211
697

2,201
473
836

1,784
448
3,780

35,951
7,373
13,009

44.4
43.1
37.5

45.7
44.5
43.0

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

31,777
12,003
15,574

9,762
3,045
5,547

630
434
571

2.007
940
779

7,124
1,670
4,196

22,015
8,958
10,028

36.4
38.3
34.9

41.3
41.7
41.7

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Race

Marital status

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

32

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
March 2000
Average hours

Worked 1 to 34 hours
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1
2

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

126,715

29,393

39,127
19,341
19,786
38,193
4,283
15,590
18,319
17,902
850
2,298
14,754
14,071
17,423
7,196
5,107
5,121

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,150

7,233

19,010

97,323

39.6

43.5

6,814
2,653
4,161
10,371
850
4,425
5,097
6,724
456
302
5,965
1,934
3,549
949
985
1,615

440
193
248
792
60
381
351
795
72
30
693
455
667
165
164
338

2,351
1,126
1,225
2,200
300
622
1,278
740
24
105
612
885
1,057
430
289
338

4,023
1,335
2,688
7,380
490
3,422
3,468
5,188
360
167
4,660
594
1,825
355
532
939

32,312
16,687
15,625
27,821
3,434
11,165
13,222
11,178
394
1,995
8,789
12,136
13,875
6,246
4,122
3,506

42.4
44.1
40.8
37.7
39.3
38.7
36.4
34.9
29.5
43.3
33.9
42.1
40.1
41.3
42.3
36.2

45.2
46.0
44.4
42.3
41.9
44.7
40.5
42.3
41.6
45.4
41.6
43.3
42.8
42.4
45.3
40.8

67,215

10,989

1,517

3,497

5,975

56,226

42.4

44.9

20,005
10,793
9,212
13,864
2,038
8,031
3,794
7,263
41
1,881
5,341
12,709
13,375
4,681
4,572
4,122

2,292
1,061
1,232
2,476
294
1,412
770
2,016
23
209
1,784
1,669
2,536
543
760
1,232

202
99
103
205
26
111
67
216
2
17
196
399
495
90
136
269

1,028
528
500
621
134
282
205
281
98
183
799
768
261
251
256

1,062
434
628
1,651
134
1,019
498
1,519
21
93
1,405
470
1,273
192
373
708

17,713
9,732
7,980
11,388
1,744
6,620
3,024
5,247
17
1,673
3,556
11,040
10,839
4,138
3,812
2,890

45.5
46.7
44.1
41.7
41.3
42.9
39.2
37.7
(2)
44.4
35.5
42.4
40.9
42.3
43.3
36.7

47.2
48.0
46.2
44.9
43.1
46.6
42.4
43.3
(2)
45.7
42.2
43.6
43.5
43.3
45.6
41.2

59,500

18,404

1,633

3,736

13,035

41,097

36.4

41.5

19,122
8,548
10,574
24,329
2,245
7,559
14,525
10,639
810
416
9,413
1,362
4,048
2,515
535
999

4,522
1,593
2,929
7,895
555
3,013
4,327
4,707
433
94
4,181
265
1,013
406
225
382

238
94
144
588
34
271
283
579
70
13
497
56
172
74
28
69

1,323
598
725
1,579
166
340
1,073
459
24
7
428
85
289
169
38
82

2.961
900
2,060
5,729
355
2,403
2,971
3,669
339
74
3,256
124
552
163
159
231

14,600
6,955
7,645
16,434
1,690
4,546
10,198
5,932
377
322
5,232
1,096
3,035
2.109
310
617

39.2
40.9
37.9
35.4
37.5
34.3
35.7
32.9
29.7
38.4
33.0
39.1
37.4
39.4
34.1
34.0

42.9
43.3
42.5
40.6
40.7
42.1
39.9
41.4
41.7
43.6
41.2
41.2
40.5
40.8
41.0
39.1

Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




For
economic
reasons

N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-28. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Women

Men

Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

Unemployment
rates

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,242
1,076
438
1,727

3,177
993
454

White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

Mar.

1999

Mar.
2000

Thousands of
persons

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Unemployment
rates
Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

1,731

4.4
2.4
4.8
8.4

4.2
2.3
4.8
8.1

2,877
929
644
1,304

2,830
958
569
1,303

4.5
2.7
5.0
7.4

4.3
2.7
4.3
7.4

2,452
907
351
1,194

2,412
817
347
1,247

3.9
2.4
4.6
7.1

3.8
2.1
4.4
7.3

1,999
743
462
794

2,034
812
411
811

3.8
2.5
4.5
6.1

3.8
2.7
3.9
6.2

Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

610
114
65
431

592
91
88
413

8.1
3.3
5.3
15.4

7.7
2.7
6.7
13.7

717
118
148
450

644
96
132
416

8.3
4.1
7.0
12.4

7.3
3.4
6.0
11.2

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,043
1,014
419
611

2,039
940
436
663

3.3
2.4
4.7
5.5

3.2
2.2
4.7
5.9

1,876
823
597
456

1,784
840
533
411

3.5
2.5
4.8
5.1

3.2
2.5
4.2
4.6

White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,588
846
332
410

1,583
771
333
478

3.0
2.3
4.5
4.7

2.9
2.1
4.4
5.4

1,307
651
434
222

1,316
708
384
224

2.9
2.3
4.3
3.6

2.9
2.4
3.8
3.7

Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

323
112
65

331
85
88
158

5.2
3.3
5.4
8.9

5.2
2.6
6.9
8.8

452
108
135
209

362
83
125
154

6.3
4.0
6.5
8.9

5.0
3.0
5.8
6.5

NOTE:

147

Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population




controls used in the household survey.

34

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Unemployment rates

Total

Total

Men

Women

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

6,119

6,007

4.4

4.3

4.4

4.2

4.5

4.3

727
373
355

690
374
316

1.8
1.9
1.7

1.7
1.8
1.5

1.7
1.7
1.6

1.6
1.7
1.5

1.9
2.1
1.7

1.7
2.1
1.5

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,528

1,465
105
794
567

3.8
1.9
4.3
3.7

3.6
2.3
4.7
2.9

3.1
1.5
3.3
3.5

2.9
2.3
2.9
3.1

4.2
2.3
5.4
3.8

40
24
6.5
2.8

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,115
80
57
978

1,126
57
44
1,025

5.8
8.8
2.3
6.2

5.7
6.0
1.8
6.3

5.7
(2)
2.1
7.1

5.6
(2)
1.4
7.0

5.9
8.8
3.2
5.8

5.8
6.3
3.8
5.8

667
130
386
151

679
149
414
116

4.4
2.6
6.3
3.7

4.5
3.0
6.7
2.9

4.4
2.6
6.4
3.5

4.4
3.0
6.5
2.5

4.0
2.1
4.5
4.4

4.9
2.3

14.1
3.9

1,353
465
270
618
194
425

1,414
468
314
632
174
458

7.1
5.8
4.9
10.9
18.4
9.2

7.3
6.0
5.6
10.7
16.4
9.4

6.6
4.4
4.7
11.2
18.8
9.0

6.8
4.5
5.3
10.9
16.6
9.4

8.4
8.3
6.7
9.7
2
( )
9.7

87
8.5
8.1
9.7
(2)
9.6

Farming, forestry, and fishing

316

239

9.4

7.1

9.0

6.9

11.0

7.9

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

395
274
43
78

382
252
58
71

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

79

731
718

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

1
Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Unemployment rates

Total

Total

Men

Women

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

6,119

6,007

4.4

4.3

4.4

4.2

4.5

4.3

4,861

4,956

4.6

4.6

4.4

4.5

4.7

4.7

Mining
Construction

40
672

16
669

6.9
9.3

3.1
9.2

7.1
9.7

3.0
9.3

5.5
5.7

3.9
7.5

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries

738
404
27
16
20
14
49
75
92
46
25
21
30
36

815
389
48
38
28
21
39
61
48
72
30
42
16
19

3.6
3.2
3.5
2.5
3.1
1.7
3.6
2.9
4.6
1.9
1.8
2.0
3.6
5.2

3.9
3.1
6.2
6.1
4.3
2.6
3.1
2.3
2.4
2.8
2.1
3.9
1.9
2.8

2.9
2.8
3.7
2.8
3.0
2.1
3.4
2.7
4.2
1.3
.6
2.2
3.2
3.8

3.2
2.7
6.7
4.1
5.8
3.3
2.7
1.9
1.8
2.5
1.3
3.9
1.3
.6

5.0
4.0
2.9
1.7
3.3

5.3
3.9
38
97

4.4
3.3
5.2
3.9
5.3
1.1
4.1
7.5

4.4
3.7
3.3
4.1
4.4
3.7
3.0
5.4

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

334
94
26
70
29
41
23
42
9

425
162
35
72

4.3
5.8
4.3
9.1
4.0
2.3
1.9
4.9
2.7

5.2
9.1
6.0
8.8
1.7
3.9
3.2
2.6
2.7

3.0
3.4
4.2
6.9
4.3
2.8
1.0
2.6
2.1

4.1
5.9
4.7
10.2
1.8
4.0
3.0
1.1
3.3

6.2
10.5
4.5
9.9
3.0
1.7
3.7
9.5
4.9

6.8
148
7.5
8*
1.3
3.8
3.4
5.2
1.1

242
161
81
1,551
181
1,370
153
1,465
553
912

264
181
83

3.2
3.5
2.8
5.7
3.6
6.2
1.9
4.2
2.6
6.5

3.4
3.8
2.7
5.7
3.2
6.3
2.3
4.0
2.2
6.5

2.5
2.5
2.3
5.0
3.2
5.6
2.2
4.1
2.1
5.7

3.0
3.8
1.7
4.7
2.3
5.5
2.0
4.5
2.3
6.3

5.1
6.1
3.8
6.5
4.3
6.8
1.6
4.2
2.8
7.3

4.2
3.7
4.8
6.9
5.0
7.2
2.5
3.7
2.2
67

13.5
2.0

8.3
1.7

13.8
2.1

7.7
1.8

12.7
1.9

9.9
1.5

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience

270
593
395

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




11
74
41
21
9

1,568
167

1,401
186
1,440
467
973

167
502
382

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

used in the household survey.

36

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Total,
16 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over

Women,
20 years
and over

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Black

White

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

6,119
2,888
1,047
1,841
1,295
547
788
2,048
395

6,007
2,769
983
1,787
1,224
562
837
2,019
382

2,597
1,701
695
1,006
732
274
334
529
33

2,632
1,638
654
984
624
360
374
578
42

2,381
1,004
276
729
511
217
358
931
88

2,298
962
278
684
525
159
366
882
87

1,142
183
76
107
51
56
96
589
274

1,077
169
51
118
75
43
97
559
252

4,451
2,200
889
1,311
942
369
618
1,392
242

4,446 1,327 1,236
536
2,133
514
116
823
131
420
383
1,310
268
263
894
152
121
417
125
158
614
543
469
1,444
123
95
255

47.2
17.1
30.1
12.9
33.5
6.5

46.1
16.4
29.7
13.9
33.6
6.4

65.5
26.8
38.7
12.9
20.4
1.3

62.2
24.8
37.4
14.2
21.9
1.6

42.2
11.6
30.6
15.0
39.1
3.7

41.9
12.1
29.8
15.9
38.4
3.8

16.0
6.6
9.4
8.4
51.6
24.0

15.7
4.7
11.0
9.0
51.9
23.4

49.4
20.0
29.5
13.9
31.3
5.4

48.0
18.5
29.5
13.8
32.5
5.7

40.4
8.8
31.6
9.4
40.9
9.3

41.6
10.6
31.0
12.8
37.9
7.7

2.1
.6
1.5
.3

2.0
.6
1.4
.3

2.4
.5

2.3
.5
.8
.1

1.7
.6
1.5
.1

1.6
6
1.4
.1

2.3
1.2
7.5
3.5

2.1
1.2
7.1
3.2

1.9
5
1.2
.2

1.8
.5
1.2
.2

3.3

3.1
1.0
2.8
6

Mar.
1999

Mar
2000

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

37

3.4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
March 2000
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Percent

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

6,007
2,769
983
1,787
1,224
562
837
2,019
382

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

42.1
40.4
45.9
37.4
36.2
40.1
51.7
38.8
50.0

33.3
33.7
33.4
33.8
33.1
35.5
32.2
34.1
29.1

24.6
25.9
20.6
28.8
30.7
24.4
16.1
27.1
21.0

13.6
16.4
16.9
16.1
17.6
12.7
6.9
13.5
8.2

Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,632
1,638
654
984
624
360
374
578
42

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

37.0
35.8
39.7
33.2
32.7
34.1
52.5
30.3

32.6
35.8
38.4
34.0
31.9
37.6
27.4
29.1

30.3
28.4
21.8
32.8
35.4
28.3
20.1
40.7

16.1
17.5
17.9
17.2
19.1
13.9
8.0
16.8

14.2
11.0
4.0
15.6
16.3
14.4
12.1
23.8

Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,298
962
278
684
525
159
366
882
87

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

43.0
42.0
51.6
38.1
35.4
47.2
49.4
40.4
53.3

33.0
32.6
27.1
34.9
36.2
30.5
35.0
33.4
24.3

24.0
25.3
21.3
27.0
28.4
22.3
15.6
26.2
22.4

14.0
16.6
17.5
16.3
17.1
13.3
7.3
14.5
9.9

10.0
8.7
3.8
10.7
11.3
8.9
8.3
11.8
12.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers

1,077
169
51
118
75
43
97
559
252

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

52.4
76.5
94.7
68.6
71.2
(1)
56.7
45.2
50.3

35.8
19.4
4.4
26.0
20.3

11.9

6.3
4.1

5.6

Reentrants
N e w entrants

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls

1

1

9.5
3.7
12.7
13.1
11.7
9.2
13.6

12.8

1

4.1

.9
5.4
8.6
(1)
2.7
14.3
15.2

(1)
40.6
40.5
34.4

11.0

.9
5.4
8.6
(1)

1.8
5.7
10.6

.9
8.6
4.7

used in the household survey.

A-33. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks

5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

6,119
2,253
2,190
1,451
740
1,676
929
747
334
413

6,007
2,527
2,003
1,371
632
1,478
815
663
262

100.0
36.8
35.8
23.7
12.1
27.4
15.2
12.2
5.5
6.7

100.0
42.1
33.3
22.8
10.5
24.6
13.6
11.0
4.4
6.7

4,852
1,617
1,766
1,135
631
1,469
805
664
291
373

4,714
1,821
1,584
1,057
527
1,309
725
584
233
351

100.0
33.3
36.4
23.4
13.0
30.3
16.6
13.7
6.0
7.7

100.0
38.6
33.6
22.4
11.2
27.8

14.1
8.0

13.2
7.0

15.3
8.9

14.5
8.0

401

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




Full-time workers

used in the household survey.

38

15.4
12.4
4.9
75

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
March 2000
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total

Weeks
15 weeks and over

Less
than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

2,527
564
520
547
504
229
99
64

2,003
385
336
435
417
233
143
54

1,478
128
252
275
380
249
146
48

815
67
142
158
212
141
75
19

1,064
205

867
70

143
162
232

610

Total

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

663
60
110
117
167
108
71
29

13.2
8.4
11.7
12.5
15.2
15.1
20.1
20.8

7.0
4.3
5.5
6.9
8.1
9.9
10.3
6.7

464
40
76
97
133
72
39
8

403
30
67
65
100
65
50
28

14.7
8.8
12.7
12.9
17.2
16.3
22.8
31.5

7.7
4.6
5.8
7.5
9.8
10.6
10.5
10.0

350
27
66
61
79
69
36
11

260
31
43
51
68
43
21
2

11.6
7.9
10.6
12.1
13.2
13.8
16.1
8.2

6.1
4.0
5.1
5.9
6.9
9.1
10.0
3.9

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to I9years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,007
1,077
1,108

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,177
545
594
689
651
378
232
89

1,246
271
271
285
227
59
23

180
242
192
131
84
31

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,830
532
514
568
650
333
157
76

1,281
293
249
262
278

939
180
156
193
225

119
40
41

102

59
22

58
110
113
147
112
57
13

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,446
2,412
2,034

1,935
947
987

1,472
839
633

1,039
625
414

599
354
245

440
271
168

12.7
14.1
11.0

6.7
7.7
5.1

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,236
592
644

467
234
234

408
167
241

361
191
169

176
84
92

185
107
78

15.1
17.0
13.4

8.0
8.2
7.7

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)

993
454
1,731

295
179
772

348
153
563

350
121
396

189
59
216

161
62
180

18.1
16.2
12.4

10.3
8.0
6.3

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)

958
569
1,303

406
257
618

312
189
438

240
124
246

141

99
55
106

12.7
11.9
10.7

7.1
6.2
5.3

1,257
1,301
711
388
166

111

137

89
35

Race

Marital status

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




used in the household survey.

39

69
141

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35.

Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
March 2000
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry

Weeks

15 weeks and over

Less
than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

690
1,465
1,126
679
1,414
239

276
661
500
265
546
83

191
475
384
232
524
81

223
329
242
182
344
75

114
201
112
100
199
55

167
677
815
389
425
290
1,573
195
1,587
92

51
243
341
170
171
111
721
79
672
37

63
246
274
144
130
90
579
63
466
21

54
188
200
76
124
89
273
53
449
34

382

191

111

80

Total

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

109
128
130
82
145
20

15.9
11.4
13.3
14.0
13.2
14.5

8.2
6.4
6.1
79
7.5
11.2

44
134
84
36
48
43
170
24
238
15

9
53
115
39
76
46
103
29
211
19

13.9
12.5
14.5
12.5
16.4
15.9
10.3
14.5
14.3
21.3

12.0
8.3
7.1
6.6
7.8
9.2
5.9
6.9
6.9
7.5

31

49

13.7

4.5

27 weeks
and over

15 to 26
weeks

Total

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support...
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
No previous work experience

1
Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls

used in the household survey.

A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)

Age

Total
Category
Mar.
1999

Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now1
Want a job 1
Did not search for work in previous year ..
Searched for work in previous year2
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects3 .
Reasons other than discouragement..
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other4

Mar.
2000

16 to 24
years
Mar.
1999

55 years
and over

25 to 54
years
Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Women

Men

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

68,618 68,552 12,286 12,392 18,775 18,441 37,557 37,719 25,577 25,614 43,042 42,938
64,147 64,091 10,547 10,716 16,803 16,449 36,796 36,927 23,664 23,637 40.483 40,454
792
1,676
1,977
1,993
761
1,972
1,739
4,471 4,461
2,559 2,484
1,913
942
626
575
1,147
1,152
873
1,112
2,595 2,721
1,523
1,609
1,072
734
166
186
1,740
865
840
840
825
1,876
875
865
1,036
49
26
250
248
335
255
632
268
531
328
364
203
137
577
531
140
479
573
591
1,245
1,209
546
672
663
295
949
110
291
112
437

257
952
121
229
109
492

90
441
31
249
10
151

67
411
26
189
21
175

162
415
67
37
80
231

148
442
81
40
58
263

44
93
12
5
22
55

42
98
15
30
53

166
407
35
128
53
190

149
514
36
140
54
283

129
543
74
162
60
246

108
438
85
89
55
208

4
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

1

Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3
Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
2




Mar.
2000

Sex

40

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
Both sexes
Characteristic

Number

Women

Men
Rate

1

Number

Rate

1

Number

Rate1

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar
2000

8,027
235
7,792
861
6,931
6,037
894
784
110

7,707
276
7,431
769
6,662
5,772
890
728
161

6.1
3.5
6.2
6.8
6.1
6.3
5.2
5.9
2.8

5.7
4.0
5.8
5.9
5.8
6.0
5.0
5.3
3.9

4,239
85
4,155
394
3,761
3,227
534
461
73

4,010
109
3,901
345
3,556
3.078
478
377
101

6.0
2.5
6.2
6.0
6.2
6.3
5.6
6.3
3.4

5.6
3.1
5.7
5.1
5.8
6.0
4.9
5.1
4.2

3,788
151
3,637
467
3,170
2,810
360
324
37

3,697
167
3,530
424
3,106
2,694
412
351
61

6.1
4.5
6.2
7.6
6.1
6.3
4.7
5.4
2.2

5.9
5.1
5.9
6.9
5.8
5.9
5.1
5.6
3.5

6,822
900
529

6,655
737
504

6.1
6.1
3.9

5.9
4.8
3.5

3,606
483
316

3,506
358
303

6.0
7.0
4.0

5.7
5.0
3.6

3,215
417
213

3,150
379
201

6.3
5.3
3.8

6.1
4.7
3.4

4,541
1,385
2,102

4,362
1,293
2,052

6.0
6.6
6.0

5.7
6.0
5.7

2,763
500
976

2,558
484
967

6.4
5.8
5.2

5.9
5.4
5.0

1,777
885
1,126

1,804
809
1,084

5.3
7.2
6.9

5.3
6.4
6.6

4,458
1,700
309
1,523

4,241
1,733
318
1,390

2,622
532
194
864

2,476
534
194
795

1,836
1,168
114
659

1,765
1.198
123
595

AGE
Total, 16 years and over2
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time ...
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1
Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to




totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household
survey.

41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Unemployed

Employed

Total

Veteran status
and age

Percent of
labor force

Number
Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

Mar.
1999

Mar.
2000

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over

7,778
5,651
572
1,966
3,113
2,127

7,717
5,106
380
1,640
3,086
2,611

6,457
5,011
511
1,744
2,756
1,446

6,189
4,402
326
1,445
2,631
1,786

6,241
4,866
486
1,684
2,696
1,375

6,059
4,301
310
1,419
2,572
1,758

216
145
25
60
59
72

129
101
17
25
59
28

3.3
2.9
4.9
3.4
2.2
4.9

2.1
2.3
5.1
1.8
2.2
1.6

20,954
9,360
7,120
4,473

22,084
9,552
7,633
4,899

19,024
8,679
6,481
3,863

20,071
8,825
6,975
4,270

18,465
8,429
6,292
3,744

19,514
8,551
6,810
4,154

559
250
189
120

557
275
166
117

2.9
2.9
2.9
3.1

2.8
3.1
2.4
2.7

NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 2000, data
reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who




42

Need information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics?
You can get it now on the WEB.
Here are the Bureau's addresses.
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Division of Information Services
BLS Regional Offices

http://stats.bls.gov
http://stats.bls.gov/opbinfo.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/regnhome.htm

Employment and Unemployment:
Employment, hours, and earnings by industry
National
State and area
National labor force statistics
Region, State, and metropolitan area
labor force data
Longitudinal research
Covered employment and wages
Occupational employment statistics
Mass layoff statistics

http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/nlshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cewhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/oeshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm

Prices and Living Conditions:
Consumer price indexes
Producer price indexes
Consumer Expenditure Survey

http://stats.bls.gov/cpihome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ppihome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/csxhome.htm

Compensation and Working Conditions:
National Compensation Survey
Collective bargaining
Employment cost trends
Employee Benefits Survey
Occupational Compensation Survey
Safety and health

http://stats.bls.gov/comhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cbahome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ecthome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ebshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ocshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/oshhome.htm

Productivity:
Quarterly labor productivity
Industry productivity
Multifactor productivity

http://stats.bls.gov/lprhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/iprhome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/mprhome.htm

Employment Projections

http://stats.bls.gov/emphome.htm

International data:
Foreign labor statistics
U.S. import and export price indexes

http://stats.bls.gov/flshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/ipphome.htm




http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm
http://stats.bls.gov/cpshome.htm

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1948 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Service-producing

Construc- Manufaction
turing

Total

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
real
estate

Government
Services
Federal

State

Local

Annual averages
1948.
1949.

44,866
43,754

39,216
37,897

18,774
17,565

994
930

2,198
2,194

15,582
14,441

26,092
26,189

4,189
4,001

2,612
2,610

6,659
6,654

1,800
1,828

5,181
5,239

1,863
1,908

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

1950.
1951 .
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
19592

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53,270

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,967
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092

6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

0)
(1)
(1)
1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

1960 .
1961 .
1962.
1963.
1964.
1965.
1966.
1967..
1968..
1969 ..

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,153
3,142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919

8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785

2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

1970 ..
1971 ..
1972 ..
1973..
1974 .
1975 .
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.

70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89.823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,276
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221

11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988.
1989.

90,406
91,152
89,544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,209
107,884

74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82,651
84,948
87,823
90,105

25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24,674
25,125
25,254

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
717
713
692

4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380
4,668
4,810
4,958
5,098
5,171

20,285
20,170
18,780
18,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
18,999
19,314
19,391

64,748
65,655
65,732
66,821
69,690
72,544
74,811
77,284
80,084
82,630

5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5,233
5,247
5,362
5,512
5,614

5,292
5,375
5,295
5,283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6,030
6,187

15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17,315
17,880
18,422
19,023
19,475

5,160
5,298
5,340
5,466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6,668

17,890
18,615
19,021
19,664
20,746
21,927
22,957
24,110
25,504
26,907

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,182

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,609

1990.
1991 .
1992.
1993.
1994.
1995.
1996.
1997.
1998.
1999.

109,403
108,249
108,601
110,713
114,163
117,191
119,608
122,690
125,826
128,615

91,098
89,847
89,956
91,872
95,036
97,885
100,189
103,133
106,007
108,455

24,905
23,745
23,231
23,352
23,908
24,265
24,493
24,962
25,347
25,240

709
689
635
610
601
581
580
596
590
535

5,120
4,650
4,492
4,668
4,986
5,160
5,418
5,691
5,985
6,273

19,076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,321
18,524
18,495
18,675
18,772
18,432

84,497
84,504
85,370
87,361
90,256
92,925
95,115
97,727
100,480
103,375

5,777
5,755
5,718
5,811
5,984
6,132
6,253
6,408
6,600
6,792

6,173
6,081
5,997
5,981
6,162
6,378
6,482
6,648
6,831
7,004

19,601
19,284
19,356
19,773
20,507
21,187
21,597
21,966
22,296
22,787

6,709
6,646
6,602
6,757
6,896
6,806
6,911
7,109
7,407
7,632

27,934
28,336
29,052
30,197
31,579
33,117
34,454
36,040
37,526
39,000

3,085
2,966
2,969
2,915
2,870
2,822
2,757
2,699
2,686
2,669

4,305
4,355
4,408
4,488
4,576
4,635
4,606
4,582
4,612
4,695

10,914
11,081
11,267
11,438
11,682
11,849
12,056
12,276
12,521
12,796

in

(1)

d)

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1999:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September....
October
November
December
2000:
January
FebruaryP
MarchP

127,813
128,134
128,162
128,443
128,816
128,945
129,048
129,332
129,589
129,898

107,726
108,035
108,085
108,338
108,663
108,735
108,830
109,095
109,320
109,583

25,285
25,288
25,199
25,180
25,247
25,148
25,186
25,198
25,257
25,283

550
538
531
526
528
524
527
528
527
529

6,232
6,277
6,239
6,258
6,270
6,246
6,293
6,314
6,369
6,393

18,503
18,473
18,429
18,396
18,449
18,378
18,366
18,356
18,361
18,361

102,528
102,846
102,963
103,263
103,569
103,797
103,862
104,134
104,332
104,615

6,732
6,750
6,758
6,781
6,799
6,813
6,831
6,841
6,862
6,897

6,947
6,965
6,977
6,993
7,012
7,031
7,041
7,064
7,070
7,088

22,611
22,724
22,748
22,796
22,903
22,888
22,862
22,891
22,902
22,973

7,595
7,611
7,621
7,636
7,647
7,650
7,653
7,668
7,675
7,685

38,556
38,697
38,782
38,952
39,055
39,205
39,257
39,433
39,554
39,657

2,710
2,688
2,666
2,664
2,656
2,651
2,654
2,643
2,648
2,645

4,680
4,688
4,677
4,675
4,682
4,706
4,717
4,722
4,729
4,730

12,697
12,723
12,734
12,766
12,815
12,853
12,847
12,872
12,892
12,940

130,292
130,299
130,715

109,927
109,912
110,186

25,410
25,383
25,471

530
532
536

6,504
6,487
6,576

18,376
18,364
18,359

104,882
104,916
105,244

6,902
6,892
6,919

7,108
7,119
7,136

23,018
22,996
22,999

7,685
7,696
7,685

39,804
39,826
39,976

2,665
2,703
2,809

4,727
4,726
4,728

12,973
12,958
12,992

1

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
P = preliminary.
2




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1998) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1995) are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Mining
Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Construction

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17

34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.5
34.4
34.6
34.6
34.5

10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.12
11.43
11.82
12.28
12.78
13.24

345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64
385.86
394.34
406.61
424.89
442.19
456.78

44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.8
44.7
45.3
45.4
43.9
43.8

13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.88
15.30
15.62
16.15
16.90
17.04

603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78
666.62
683.91
707.59
733.21
741.91
746.35

38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
38.9
39.0
39.0
38.8
39.0

13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.73
15.09
15.47
16.04
16.59
17.13

526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
573.00
587.00
603.33
625.56
643.69
668.07

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

101.84
107.73

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1999:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December
2000:
January ....
FebruaryP
MarchP

34.2
34.3
34.6
34.6
34.7
35.1
34.3
34.6
34.5
34.6

$13.12
13.16
13.19
13.14
13.15
13.20
13.38
13.41
13.43
13.47

$448.70
451.39
456.37
454.64
456.31
463.32
458.93
463.99
463.34
466.06

42.2
43.3
44.2
44.2
44.7
44.5
44.4
44.6
44.7
44.4

$17.01
16.93
17.00
16.93
17.12
17.01
17.10
17.00
16.95
17.13

$717.82
733.07
751.40
748.31
765.26
756.95
759.24
758.20
757.67
760.57

37.7
38.6
39.3
39.8
39.9
40.0
38.6
40.0
39.5
38.7

$16.79
16.85
17.02
17.08
17.22
17.26
17.41
17.49
17.37
17.42

$632.98
650.41
668.89
679.78
687.08
690.40
672.03
699.60
686.12
674.15

34.4
34.2
34.2

13.58
13.59
13.62

467.15
464.78
465.80

44.3
44.1
43.7

17.24
17.15
17.22

763.73
756.32
752.51

38.3
38.7
38.7

17.34
17.37
17.47

664.12
672.22
676.09

See footnotes at end of table.




45

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23

$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39

136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.2
38.3

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.24
12.57

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
467.57
481.43

38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0

6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39

266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4
42.0
41.6
41.6
42.0
41.7
41.7

10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.07
12.37
12.77
13.17
13.49
13.91

10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.43
11.74
12.12
12.45
12.79
13.18

441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.94
514.59
531.23
553.14
562.53
580.05

38.4
38.1
38.3
39.3
39.7
39.4
39.6
39.7
39.5
38.7

12.92
13.20
13.43
13.55
13.78
14.13
14.45
14.92
15.31
15.67

496.13
502.92
514.37
532.52
547.07
556.72
572.22
592.32
604.75
606.43

38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.4
38.4
38.4

10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.06
12.43
12.87
13.45
14.06
14.59

411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
463.10
476.07
492.92
516.48
539.90
560.26

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1999:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December
2000:
January ....
FebruaryP
MarchP

41.4
41.6
41.7
41.8
41.2
41.8
41.7
42.0
42.2
42.5

$13.73
13.80
13.85
13.91
13.92
13.95
14.11
14.04
14.08
14.21

$13.04
13.10
13.14
13.17
13.20
13.20
13.33
13.27
13.31
13.41

$568.42
574.08
577.55
581.44
573.50
583.11
588.39
589.68
594.18
603.93

38.8
38.6
38.8
39.0
38.9
39.4
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.4

$15.51
15.57
15.55
15.56
15.66
15.67
15.78
15.76
15.87
15.94

$601.79
601.00
603.34
606.84
609.17
617.40
607.53
605.18
607.82
612.10

38.2
38.3
38.6
38.4
38.4
38.7
38.3
38.6
38.4
38.5

$14.34
14.48
14.53
14.44
14.55
14.65
14.73
14.78
14.82
14.91

$547.79
554.58
560.86
554.50
558.72
566.96
564.16
570.51
569.09
574.04

41.6
41.5
41.5

14.19
14.19
14.24

13.47
13.47
13.52

590.30
588.89
590.96

38.2
38.2
38.0

15.95
16.06
16.04

609.29
613.49
609.52

38.5
38.2
38.2

15.06
14.96
14.94

579.81
571.47
570.71

See footnotes at end of table.




46

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Services

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
120.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
28.8
28.8
28.9
29.0
29.0

6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
7.69
7.99
8.33
8.73
9.08

194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
221.47
230.11
240.74
253.17
263.32

35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
35.9
36.1
36.4
36.2

9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
12.32
12.80
13.34
14.06
14.61

356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
442.29
459.52
481.57
511.78
528.88

32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.6
32.6
32.6

9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.04
11.39
11.79
12.28
12.85
13.38

319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
358.80
369.04
382.00
400.33
418.91
436.19

114.60
121.66

101.75

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1999:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December
2000:
January ....
FebruaryP
MarchP

28.6
28.7
29.1
29.4
29.8
29.9
28.8
28.8
28.7
29.3

$9.00
9.03
9.03
9.02
9.02
9.04
9.18
9.20
9.21
9.25

$257.40
259.16
262.77
265.19
268.80
270.30
264.38
264.96
264.33
271.03

36.0
35.9
36.4
35.9
36.2
36.9
36.0
36.1
36.0
36.2

$14.53
14.61
14.72
14.50
14.53
14.61
14.63
14.68
14.73
14.75

$523.08
524.50
535.81
520.55
525.99
539.11
526.68
529.95
530.28
533.95

32.4
32.4
32.7
32.6
32.8
33.2
32.3
32.7
32.7
32.6

$13.33
13.32
13.34
13.23
13.20
13.25
13.48
13.54
13.60
13.69

$431.89
431.57
436.22
431.30
432.96
439.90
435.40
442.76
444.72
446.29

28.5
28.5
28.6

9.33
9.34
9.36

265.91
266.19
267.70

36.7
36.0
36.0

14.97
14.91
14.94

549.40
536.76
537.84

32.7
32.6
32.5

13.81
13.81
13.83

451.59
450.21
449.48

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are
subject to revision.

47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

2000

Industry
Mar.
Total
Total private
Goods-producing

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

Mar.P

127,813 128,134 128,162 128,443 128,816 128,945 129,048 129,332 129,589 129,898 130,292 130,299 130,715
107,726 108,035 108,085 108,338 108,663 108,735 108,830 109,095 109,320 109,583 109,927 109,912 110,186
25,285

25,288

25,199

25,180

25,247

25,148

25,186

25,198

25,257

25,283

25,410

25,383

25,471

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ...

550
50
87
305
108

538
49
86
294
109

531
49
86
287
109

526
48
84
285
109

528
48
85
285
110

524
47
83
285
109

527
48
83
287
109

528
48
82
289
109

527
49
82
288
108

529
48
82
291
108

530
49
81
292
108

532
48
80
296
108

536
48
79
301
108

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building .
Special trade contractors

6,232
1,429
864
3,939

6,277
1,428
874
3,975

6,239
1,427
854
3,958

6,258
1,430
857
3,971

6,270
1,432
857
3,981

6,246
1,426
852
3,968

6,293
1,440
857
3,996

6,314
1,445
861
4,008

6,369
1,450
870
4,049

6,393
1,454
878
4,061

6,504
1,474
900
4,130

6,487
1,478
883
4,126

6,576
1,488
900
4,188

18,503

18,473

18,429

18,396

18,449

18,378

18,366

18,356

18,361

18,361

18,376

18,364

18,359

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment ...
Electronic and other electrical
equipment
Electronic components and
accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing

11,014
827
535
569
693
1,490
2,139
360

10,993
824
536
570
691
1,489
2,132
361

10,971
824
537
569
689
1,487
2,129
362

10,960
824
538
568
687
1,485
2,128
364

11,015
826
546
571
692
1,493
2,131
360

10,975
826
543
568
688
1,484
2,122
359

10,959
827
544
569
685
1,486
2,117
358

10,952
829
546
568
685
1,487
2,116
358

10,954
829
544
571
686
1,489
2,118
358

10,960
828
543
574
687
1,489
2,120
359

10,973
827
543
577
686
1,491
2,115
357

10,973
831
545
574
687
1,493
2,116
356

10,978
829
546
576
688
1,496
2,110
354

1,659

1,658

1,658

1,657

1,667

1,662

1,662

1,665

1,661

1,664

1,671

1,679

1,677

636
1,873
992
511
844
385

635
1,864
996
503
842
387

635
1,853
996
498
839
386

637
1,849
998
491
837
387

639
1,863
1,014
488
840
386

641
1,859
1,012
483
836
387

640
1,848
1,006
476
833
388

643
1,838
1,001
471
830
388

643
1,834
1,000
467
833
389

645
1,831
1,001
464
833
391

647
1,841
1,010
463
830
392

652
1,828
1,014
447
830
390

653
1,835
1,010
460
832
389

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ..
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

7,489
1,693
39
571
702
662
1,557
1,037
139
1,014
75

7,480
1,689
38
567
698
662
1,555
1,038
139
1,019
75

7,458
1,688
38
563
691
661
1,551
1,036
138
1,018
74

7,436
1,680
39
560
686
659
1,552
1,033
137
1,016
74

7,434
1,681
39
559
679
659
1,554
1,032
138
1,021
72

7,403
1,666
36
557
672
658
1,553
1,030
136
1,022
73

7,407
1,679
38
553
669
657
1,552
1,033
137
1,017
72

7,404
1,680
38
551
666
655
1,552
1,033
136
1,021
72

7,407
1,686
39
553
663
655
1,549
1,033
136
1,022
71

7,401
1,686
38
551
662
655
1,547
1,030
135
1,026
71

7,403
1,689
38
549
657
654
1,550
1,034
136
1,025
71

7,391
1,678
38
550
656
653
1,551
1,035
136
1,024
70

7,381
1,677
35
550
655
651
1,552
1,033
136
1,022
70

Manufacturing

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities ..
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities ..

Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

102,528 102,846 102,963 103,263 103,569 103,797 103,862 104,134 104,332 104,615 104,882 104,916 105,244
6,732
4,378
235

6,750
4,397
234

6,758
4,402
233

6,781
4,423
233

6,799
4,438
230

6,813
4,445
226

6,831
4,455
227

6,841
4,458
227

6,862
4,474
226

6,897
4,501
227

6,902
4,507
226

6,892
4,493
225

6,919
4,517
225

476
1,796
177
1,218
14
462
2,354
1,506
848

483
1,800
180
1,220
14
466
2,353
1,508
845

480
1,802
180
1,226
13
468
2,356
1,513
843

483
1,810
181
1,234
13
469
2,358
1,513
845

483
1,817
182
1,240
13
473
2,361
1,519
842

488
1,817
182
1,246
13
473
2,368
1,525
843

486
1,825
182
1,250
13
472
2,376
1,533
843

486
1,828
182
1,251
13
471
2,383
1,541
842

487
1,839
180
1,257
13
472
2,388
1,546
842

487
1,845
182
1,273
13
474
2,396
1,553
843

491
1,849
181
1,277
13
470
2,395
1,552
843

490
1,840
183
1,271
13
471
2,399
1,560
839

492
1,851
182
1,281
13
473
2,402
1,565
837

6,947
4,103
2,844

6,965
4,113
2,852

6,977
4,124
2,853

6,993
4,139
2,854

7,012
4,154
2,858

7,031
4,169
2,862

7,041
4,172
2,869

7,064
4,188
2,876

7,070
4,194
2,876

7,088
4,204
2,884

7,108
4,211
2,897

7,119
4,218
2,901

7,136
4,227
2,909

See footnotes at end of table.




48

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
2000

1999
Industry
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

Mar.P

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

22,611
982
2,794
2,489
3,490

22,724
982
2,799
2,499
3,492

22,748
979
2,784
2,486
3,487

22,796
982
2,782
2,482
3,479

22,903
986
2,778
2,476
3,478

22,888
988
2,774
2,468
3,484

22,862
992
2,762
2,460
3,478

22,891
1,001
2,756
2,455
3,481

22,902
1,004
2,753
2,450
3,480

22,973
1,007
2,793
2,479
3,482

23,018
1,012
2,798
2,477
3,481

22,996
1,018
2,773
2,467
3,480

22,999
1,031
2,757
2,449
3,479

2,392
1,069
1,167
1,070
7,785
2,931

2,399
1,074
1,163
1,081
7,863
2,945

2,400
1,077
1,172
1,084
7,880
2,962

2,403
1,080
1,178
1,091
7,911
2,970

2,407
1,085
1,192
1,090
7,989
2,983

2,409
1,089
1,191
1,094
7,960
2,988

2,415
1,091
1,189
1,097
7,932
2,997

2,420
1,092
1,200
1,099
7,925
3,009

2,424
1,096
1,198
1,095
7,943
3,005

2,432
1,097
1,177
1,102
7,986
2,994

2,445
1,100
1,178
1,102
7,987
3,015

2,439
1,103
1,191
1,106
7,973
3,016

2,452
1,108
1,187
1,112
7,958
3,023

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service
Real estate

7,595
3,690
2,051
1,469
258
712
368
664
263
2,392
1,632

7,611
3,697
2,050
1,467
257
716
370
668
263
2,395
1,631

7,621
3,706
2,047
1,465
256
720
374
672
267
2,399
1,635

7,636
3,709
2,045
1,463
256
721
372
676
267
2,402
1,638

7,647
3,715
2,044
1,462
256
721
369
682
268
2,404
1,635

7,650
3,716
2,046
1,464
255
719
366
685
266
2,407
1,636

7,653
3,715
2,047
1,466
255
713
361
686
269
2,410
1,637

7,668
3,719
2,047
1,464
254
711
358
691
270
2,414
1,641

7,675
3,723
2,044
1,460
254
711
357
697
271
2,411
1,636

7,685
3,727
2,040
1,458
252
713
357
702
272
2,416
1,639

7,685
3,726
2,040
1,458
251
708
353
705
273
2,406
1,632

7,696
3,728
2,039
1,457
250
706
351
711
272
2,412
1,636

7,685
3,721
2,037
1,458
247
695
339
718
271
2,408
1,632

760
1,513

764
1,519

764
1,516

764
1,525

769
1,528

771
1,527

773
1,528

773
1,535

775
1,541

111
1,542

774
1,553

776
1,556

776
1,556

Services1
Agricultrual services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing
services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services ....
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities ....
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations

38,556
747
1,789
1,200
8,963
973
3,343
2,967

38,697
755
1,791
1,204
9,010
978
3,350
2,975

38,782
751
1,786
1,189
9,047
979
3,366
2,986

38,952
757
1,797
1,200
9,088
984
3,387
3,000

39,055
760
1,807
1,207
9,148
992
3,422
3,025

39,205
757
1,813
1,207
9,186
998
3,418
3,024

39,257
763
1,811
1,210
9,204
1,000
3,440
3,032

39,433
766
1,806
1,210
9,303
1,003
3,490
3,099

39,554
774
1,812
1,214
9,336
1,003
3,501
3,097

39,657
765
1,807
1,225
9,392
1,000
3,513
3,108

39,804
788
1,800
1,231
9,416
999
3,505
3,100

39,826
783
1,805
1,228
9,423
1,005
3,516
3,109

39,976
801
1,820
1,234
9,471
1,013
3,535
3,122

1,734
1,176
393
580
1,660
9,932
1,850
1,754
3,963
653
995
2,243
2,744
627
769

1,749
1,178
396
587
1,668
9,951
1,856
1,753
3,966
656
998
2,254
2,755
628
772

1,765
1,182
398
604
1,675
9,954
1,860
1,755
3,966
653
999
2,265
2,760
629
775

1,781
1,184
395
611
1,695
9,964
1,864
1,755
3,969
653
1,002
2,272
2,778
633
777

1,794
1,185
395
609
1,694
9,975
1,868
1,754
3,968
655
1,000
2,278
2,763
632
781

1,806
1,185
396
608
1,712
9,993
1,874
1,755
3,973
658
1,004
2,288
2,799
631
785

1,814
1,190
398
608
1,713
9,999
1,876
1,756
3,977
657
1,007
2,289
2,803
631
788

1,823
1,196
400
612
1,730
10,009
1,880
1,756
3,978
658
1,009
2,288
2,817
634
792

1,829
1,197
400
613
1,734
10,026
1,885
1,756
3,978
658
1,012
2,298
2,840
646
796

1,842
1,198
405
609
1,725
10,038
1,886
1,759
3,985
659
1,015
2,304
2,850
650
801

1,852
1,202
403
616
1,759
10,057
1,895
1,760
3,992
658
1,017
2,297
2,872
657
803

1,859
1,205
406
610
1,759
10,060
1,899
1,761
3,989
656
1,014
2,300
2,875
655
807

1,867
1,199
408
612
1,760
10,072
1,908
1,763
3,991
652
1,015
2,321
2,890
661
809

95
2,392
3,354
933
1,123

94
2,392
3,370
939
1,133

93
2,394
3,391
940
1,143

94
2,409
3,411
942
1,153

94
2,403
3,441
948
1,165

95
2,409
3,458
948
1,178

94
2,408
3,464
948
1,180

95
2,409
3,487
954
1,193

96
2,411
3,496
959
1,196

95
2,418
3,515
964
1,213

96
2,420
3,532
973
1,220

95
2,419
3,546
977
1,219

97
2,419
3,560
978
1,226

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

20,087
2,710
1,831
4,680
1,948
2,732
12,697
7,200
5,497

20,099
2,688
1,809
4,688
1,955
2,733
12,723
7,206
5,517

20,077
2,666
1,788
4,677
1,941
2,736
12,734
7,225
5,509

20,105
2,664
1,789
4,675
1,934
2,741
12,766
7,239
5,527

20,153
2,656
1,779
4,682
1,947
2,735
12,815
7,268
5,547

20,210
2,651
1,779
4,706
1,965
2,741
12,853
7,308
5,545

20,218
2,654
1,785
4,717
1,965
2,752
12,847
7,295
5,552

20,237
2,643
1,780
4,722
1,960
2,762
12,872
7,305
5,567

20,269
2,648
1,780
4,729
1,967
2,762
12,892
7,318
5,574

20,315
2,645
1,780
4,730
1,969
2,761
12,940
7,351
5,589

20,365
2,665
1,799
4,727
1,967
2,760
12,973
7,365
5,608

20,387
2,703
1,837
4,726
1,963
2,763
12,958
7,349
5,609

20,529
2,809
1,944
4,728
1,966
2,762
12,992
7,362
5,630

1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998




benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

2000

Industry
Jan.
Total
Total private

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

61,599 61,767 61,852 62,008 62,035 62,227 62,409 62,466 62,552 62,645 62,738 62,842 63,032

50,394 50,524 50,591 50,734 50,771 50,916 51,075 51,094 51,154 51,245 51,322 51,388 51,528
6,674

6,658

6,647

6,643

6,630

6,632

6,640

6,617

6,612

6,610

6,608

6,618

6,629

82

82

82

79

78

78

78

76

76

75

74

74

73

682

687

689

695

695

700

701

704

705

708

710

715

720

5,910

5,889

5,876

5,869

5,857

5,854

5,861

5,837

5,831

5,827

5,824

5,829

5,836

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

2,936
147
169
104
103
338
467
679
408
(1)
169

2,930
148
170
104
102
338
466
677
405
(1)
168

2,924
149
169
104
102
336
464
675
407
(1)
168

2,926
148
170
103
101
339
464
676
405
(1)
169

2,922
149
171
102
101
339
464
675
404
(1)
168

2,927
149
171
103
101
339
466
675
404
(1)
169

2,944
150
175
104
100
342
466
680
408
(1)
170

2,928
150
174
102
100
338
465
676
406
(1)
169

2,924
150
173
102
100
338
465
676
403
(1)
170

2,925
151
175
101
100
338
465
676
403
(1)
170

2,924
151
174
102
101
339
467
675
398
(1)
170

2,930
151
175
103
101
339
469
675
400
(1)
171

2,934
152
175
103
100
339
469
677
402

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

2,974
560

2,959
557
13
267
513
161
701
335
25
346
41

2,952
557
12
266
508
161
701
336
25
346
40

2,943
554
12
263
503
161
700
336
25
349
40

2,935
556
12
261
498
160
698
337
25
349
39

2,927
555
12
259
494
160
699
336
24
348
40

2,917
552
13
259
488
160
700
334
24
349
38

2,909
550
11
258
481
160
700
335
24
351
39

2,907
551
12
256
479
161
700
337
24
349
38

2,902
553
12
254
475
160
699
337
24
350
38

2,900
555
12
255
473
160
697
337
23
350
38

2,899
558
12
255
471
161
696
335
23
351
37

2,902
559
12
255
467
161
700
336
24
350
38

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

13
269
521
161
702
335
24
348
41

0)
171

54,925 55,109 55,205 55,365 55,405 55,595 55,769 55,849 55,940 56,035 56,130 56,224 56,403

Transportation and public utilities

2,032

2,048

2,049

2,054

2,059

2,073

2,072

2,087

2,094

2,099

2,111

2,115

2,134

Wholesale trade

2,121

2,127

2,132

2,140

2,140

2,148

2,153

2,159

2,164

2,170

2,175

2,186

2,197

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

11,874 11,923 11,937 11,974 11,998 12,008 12,070 12,031 12,014 11,999 12,002 12,003 12,037
4,743

4,751

4,753

4,752

4,753

4,769

4,775

4,786

4,790

4,796

4,792

4,791

4,797

Services

22,950 23,017 23,073 23,171 23,191 23,286 23,365 23,414 23,480 23,571 23,634 23,675 23,734

Government
Federal
State
Local

11,205 11,243 11,261 11,274 11,264 11,311 11,334 11,372 11,398 11,400 11,416 11,454 11,504
1,148 1,149 1,133 1,124 1,126 1,125 1,124 1,129 1,125 1,133 1,125 1,141
1,141
2,434 2,445 2,443 2,445
2,390 2,403 2,407 2,414 2,413 2,415 2,411 2,420 2,431
7,674 7,692 7,705 7,727 7,727 7,770 7,798 7,828 7,838 7,841 7,838 7,886 7,918

1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

50

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted
(In thousands)
2000

1999
Industry
Mar.

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

Mar.P

88,170 88,358 88,428 88,613 88,882 88,908 89,044 89,262 89,435 89,607 89,969 89,910 90,213
17,963 17,926 17,872 17,849 17,920 17,826 17,871

17,888 17,941

17,955 18,099 18,013 18,122

413

403

398

396

396

395

398

402

400

403

401

401

402

4,836

4,827

4,812

4,830

4,833

4,809

4,856

4,878

4,928

4,939

5,071

4,998

5,114

12,714 12,696 12,662 12,623 12,691 12,622 12,617 12,608 12,613 12,613 12,627 12,614 12,606

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,527
679
427
445
541
1,119
1,351
1,035
1,239
754
(2)
267

7,519
677
427
446
539
1,119
1,347
1,037
1,232
757
(2)
269

7,504
676
428
446
538
1,118
1,346
1,033
1,226
758
(2)
268

7,487
676
429
445
535
1,115
1,343
1,030
1,222
757
(2)
268

7,549
678
435
448
540
1,125
1,347
1,045
1,237
775
(2)
268

7,513
676
434
443
537
1,115
1,335
1,038
1,243
779
(2)
268

7,496
677
433
444
536
1,116
1,333
1,035
1,231
770
(2)
269

7,489
679
435
443
535
1,117
1,331
1,035
1,222
765
(2)
269

7,487
679
434
445
536
1,118
1,333
1,031
1,219
765
(2)
269

7,485
678
432
447
537
1,119
1,334
1,029
1,219
766
(2)
271

7,505
679
431
451
537
1,121
1,335
1,033
1,230
778
(2)
271

7,508
680
432
447
538
1,124
1,341
1,034
1,228
777
(2)
269

7,505
678
433
448
539
1,126
1,335
1,039
1,223
770
(2)
268

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,187
1,264
29
483
560
502
833
582
92
786
56

5,177
1,259
29
479
558
502
829
583
92
790
56

5,158
1,258
28
476
553
501
827
582
90
788
55

5,136
1,252
29
473
546
500
827
580
89
785
55

5,142
1,258
29
474
539
500
826
580
91
792
53

5,109
1,240
25
471
535
497
826
578
90
793
54

5,121
1,253
27
469
532
498
826
582
90
790
54

5,119
1,254
27
466
528
496
827
584
90
794
53

5,126
1,260
27
468
527
497
825
586
89
795
52

5,128
1,262
27
466
526
499
823
587
87
799
52

5,122
1,262
26
464
523
497
824
590
85
799
52

5,106
1,250
27
464
522
497
826
588
82
799
51

5,101
1,249
24
464
521
496
828
590
81
797
51

Service-producing

70,207 70,432 70,556 70,764 70,962 71,082 71,173 71,374 71,494 71,652 71,870 71,897 72,091

Transportation and public utilities

5,595

5,600

5,602

5,620

5,624

5,634

5,655

5,661

5,678

5,688

5,725

5,711

5,741

Wholesale trade

5,579

5,592

5,600

5,610

5,620

5,631

5,639

5,654

5,661

5,678

5,692

5,704

5,724

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

19,888 19,976 20,009 20,055 20,164 20,145 20,120 20,122 20,146 20,202 20,255 20,233 20,255
5,571

5,580

5,583

5,591

5,596

5,594

5,603

5,605

5,607

5,611

5,616

5,607

33,574 33,684 33,762 33,888 33,954 34,076 34,165 34,334 34,404 34,477 34,587 34,633 34,764

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,




5,600

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1

Over 1-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

49.6
56.2
63.8
54.4
57.7

64.9
61.0
57.9
58.3
052.5

59.4
61.9
58.8
52.1
P57.9

55.1
62.8
60.5
58.8

61.9
58.8
55.9
51.5

60.8
56.3
57.9
57.0

57.0
60.7
58.0
57.6

62.5
61.0
55.8
50.0

57.3
59.4
54.6
55.1

63.5
65.4
52.9
57.2

59.7
63.6
59.1
57.9

61.2
62.1
58.6
57.7

Over 3-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

62.6
63.8
66.7
60.7
P59.7

62.5
63.6
66.2
55.9
P60.7

63.3
67.7
64.5
59.6

63.1
67.3
63.9
54.6

63.1
62.6
61.4
56.3

64.3
61.7
58.7
56.2

64.3
61.4
60.0
56.2

62.2
66.2
58.4
59.0

64.6
67.3
57.6
57.4

64.2
69.9
57.6
59.6

66.2
70.8
59.0
60.8

63.2
71.2
60.4
60.5

Over 6-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

62.6
67.4
70.6
61.1

65.2
68.3
66.9
58.8

64.5
65.6
65.9
57.3

65.2
67.0
62.4
59.0

64.7
65.6
62.6
55.2

64.6
64.9
61.1
57.4

67.0
66.3
58.0
56.9

65.4
68.4
59.8
61.5

65.9
69.7
60.0
61.0

66.7
71.3
60.8
59.7

66.9
71.3
60.8
P61.4

66.7
71.9
58.0
P62.2

Over 12-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

64.5
69.0
70.4
60.1

66.7
67.3
68.3
57.3

64.5
68.3
67.1
57.0

65.6
69.7
64.0
57.6

68.5
69.5
62.1
58.7

67.3
70.1
61.7
59.0

67.7
70.1
61.8
58.8

66.4
70.4
63.8
P57.9

68.0
70.5
59.8
P61.0

69.9
69.7
59.0

68.7
69.8
59.3

66.9
71.3
58.6

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1 -month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

42.4
50.0
58.6
40.3
51.1

55.4
52.9
51.8
42.4
P47.8

46.8
53.6
50.4
39.6
P47.5

41.0
56.1
50.4
44.6

55.8
52.2
40.6
36.3

51.4
53.2
46.8
45.3

47.1
51.1
40.3
57.2

56.5
55.4
45.3
38.5

48.9
53.6
42.1
42.8

55.0
62.2
36.3
48.9

50.7
61.2
39.9
50.7

54.0
55.4
45.0
49.3

Over 3-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

46.8
51.8
59.4
37.4
P48.6

46.0
51.4
57.9
31.7
P49.3

43.5
57.6
51.8
37.1

46.0
56.8
44.2
30.2

48.2
54.3
41.7
33.8

51.1
51.8
34.9
43.9

51.8
53.6
37.4
43.2

49.6
55.4
37.1
44.6

53.2
59.7
38.1
38.5

52.5
68.3
34.2
46.4

55.0
65.8
35.6
50.0

50.7
64.4
35.3
50.4

41.4
54.7
59.7
33.1

46.0
54.0
49.3
29.1

45.7
51.4
48.2
28.1

47.1
54.3
36.7
36.0

46.0
52.5
36.7
30.9

48.6
52.2
36.7
34.5

52.9
55.4
28.4
36.3

50.4
61.2
31.3
44.6

51.8
61.5
33.5
45.7

51.4
64.7
35.3
41.4

52.5
66.2
32.7
P47.1

51.8
65.1
28.1
P48.2

43.5
54.7
54.0
32.7

47.5
52.5
49.3
25.9

45.3
54.0
46.0
28.4

45.3
54.0
40.6
29.5

50.4
55.4
35.6
29.9

49.6
56.8
33.8
31.7

50.4
57.2
30.9
34.9

48.6
57.9
32.0
P33.5

51.1
58.3
26.6
P38.8

55.0
56.5
26.6

54.3
55.4
25.5

50.7
57.2
26.3

Over 6-month span:
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

Over 12-month span:

1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans
and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within
the span.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment,




where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment. Establishment survey
estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1998) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning
January 1995) are subject to revision.

52

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

Total1
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

1,913.3 1,914.2 1,917.7 1,927.8 1,930.5 1,937.1 1,935.7 1,937.3 1,940.5 1,941.7 1,945.2
278.6
278.7
280.3
280.1
276.2
278.0
278.1
278.9
277.3
276.3
276.8
2,141.6 2,148.2 2,156.7 2,170.3 2,172.8 2,179.0 2,188.0 2,190.5 2,203.0 2,214.7 2,222.5
1,137.5 1,137.0 1,137.7 1,140.4 1,141.3 1,142.4 1,149.1 1,151.5 1,153.8 1,158.2 1,162.6
13,900.0 13,924.8 13,948.3 14,001.8 14,033.4 14,063.8 14,083.9 14,120.9 14,171.3 14,211.5 14,251.7

1,912.4
275.5
2,125.0
1,135.5
13,827.4

1,916.0
276.0
2,128.5
1,136.6
13,855.5

2,107.1
1,662.5
408.0
614.9

2,119.4
1,669.1
410.1
612.6
6,806.3

2,123.8
1,668.8
410.1
613.6
6,832.5

2,132.0
1,670.7
410.6
614.3
6,856.1

2,146.7
1,675.2
409.5
615.3
6,885.3

2,148.0
1,676.2
413.4
617.0
6,909.7

2,152.2
1,674.3
413.7
617.1
6,934.1

2,156.4
1,674.7
415.3
618.1
6,965.4

2,161.8
1,678.2
416.0
619.2
6,990.2

2,166.5
1,680.7
417.4
620.8
7,016.6

2,171.4
1,685.3
415.8
620.7
7,032.2

2,177.2
1,686.2
419.2
620.5
7,057.1
3,969.1

Colorado
Connecticut
....
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

6,779.4

2,106.9
1,665.1
410.1
614.9
6,795.9

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

3,827.4
528.8
531.3
5,937.3
2,945.2

3,838.3
529.5
532.9
5,943.4
2,951.8

3,858.3
530.6
533.6
5,953.4
2,959.9

3,870.2
531.6
535.8
5,953.7
2,968.0

3,879.6
533.8
538.4
5,966.6
2,968.2

3,899.8
534.9
540.2
5,972.5
2,980.7

3,916.1
538.8
542.6
5,968.1
2,980 6

3,931.7
541.2
542.2
5,970.3
2,980.2

3,932.8
537.1
547.9
5,972.9
2,982.1

3,939.1
537.3
547.9
5,979.3
2,984.8

3,948.1
536.8
548.9
5,983.6
2,986.8

3,971.5
535.9
546.2
5,948.2
2,986.3

5,980.2
2,984.9

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

1,462.7
1,323.8
1,781.0
1,899.9
581.0

1,464.4
1,324.7
1,781.4
1,896.0
582.7

1,467.8
1,322.5
1,791.0
1,891.4
583.2

1,467.5
1,320.8
1,791.9
1,888.7
582.7

1,469.2
1,324.4
1,795.8
1,889.9
584.9

1,467.3
1,326.5
1,793.2
1,896.0
586.1

1,465.3
1,325.3
1,799.3
1,898.1
586.2

1,466.8
1,323.7
1,801.0
1,900.9
588.8

1,466.9
1,333.2
1,804.2
1,904.8
590.2

1,469.4
1,337.2
1,809.6
1,907.8
591.8

1,473.4
1,339.9
1,813.9
1,907.4
593.1

1,477.3
1,340.0
1,822.5
1,899.2
593.1

1,481.0
1,340.1
1,824.1
1,904.4
597.8

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

2,366.5
3,208.0
4,509.3
2,586.7
1,145.1

2,367.5
3,214.2
4,515.5
2,592.1
1,148.9

2,375.9
3,225.6
4,525.1
2,601.5
1,152.7

2,378.5
3,223.8
4,526.6
2,600.2
1,153.1

2,380.3
3,231.3
4,531.5
2,604.4
1,156.7

2,368.4
3,243.3
4,541.6
2,614.4
1,161.2

2,372.6
3,247.8
4,542.6
2,617.0
1,161.5

2,396.3
3,253.4
4,543.7
2,619.6
1,162.0

2,401.2
3,255.6
4,538.5
2,623.9
1,160.3

2,406.3
3,255.5
4,544.7
2,627.0
1,158.4

2,409.8
3,264.3
4,549.5
2,632.7
1,156.9

2,427.5
3,270.6
4,547.6
2,637.6
1,159.4

2,428.9
3,275.1
4,550.7
2,645.5
1,161.8

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

2,709.9
378.1
886.7
963.3
600.1

2,711.5
379.9
886.6
970.6
601.4

2,715.7
379.9
887.9
975.3
603.9

2,716.5
379,6
888.3
979.0
603.6

2,722.5
380.5
891.7
980.1
605.5

2,727.8
383.2
897.8
988.8
606.8

2,725.8
382.9
894.9
994.4
608.3

2,740.4
383.4
894.8
996.0
607.8

2,738.3
384.1
894.1
1,001.4
606.6

2,739.7
385.4
893.8
1,004.2
609.2

2,740.1
386.8
894.9
1,007.0
610.7

2,752.9
385.7
894.8
1,007.9
612.8

2,738.5
387.1
892.9
1,008.5
612.0

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

3,841.8
724.6
8,394.4

3,854.5
727.6
8,428.0
3,851.9
323.9

3,860.0
728.3
8,427.7
3,852.1
322.9

3,864.2
729.8
8,438.0
3,839.4
323.6

3,869.8
730.6
8,464.1
3,885.5
323.6

3,870.9
733.0
8,469.9
3,906.2
323.1

3,877.6
734.0
8,475.0
3,881.0
325.1

3,884.6
733.1
8,496.0
3,879.2
325.5

3,889.8
734.5
8,514.9
3,885.7
326.5

3,896.5
735.5
8,530.7
3,886.4
326.1

3,902.5
732.0
8,556.6
3,906.2
327.8

3,900.9
736.5
8,566.6
3,901.9
325.9

536.8
550.7

321.6

3,846.4
726.2
8,399.6
3,853.4
321.2

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

5,526.3
1,456.1
1,562.6
5,558.7
461.0

5,529.6
1,456.0
1,566.4
5,566.4
461.8

5,541.0
1,455.1
1,566.8
5,573.0
463.8

5,536.2
1,456.4
1,565.9
5,571.7
463.2

5,543.0
1,462.3
1,567.2
5,588.6
463.2

5,558.4
1,460.5
1,580.1
5,584.5
465.6

5,561.5
1,463.6
1,579.8
5,587.1
466.8

5,560.4
1,464.7
1,576.0
5,581.2
466.8

5,566.6
1,470.1
1,583.0
5,583.0
467.7

5,571.6
1,472.3
1,586.3
5,583.8
467.7

5,580.3
1,475.5
1,588.9
5,580.6
467.6

5,585.6
1,472.2
1,586.1
5,625.2
466.1

5,592.8
1,480.4
1,592.4
5,607.8
468.4

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee

1,818.7
369.2
2,663.2
9,098.2
1,038.5

1,819.4
369.7
2,666 0
9,125.9
1,041.1

1,824.5
371.5
2,664.2
9,107.5
1,045.1

1,827.5
372.2
2,666.2
9,119.8
1,046.0

1,831.0
372.1
2,670.6
9,139.5
1,048.9

1,835.1
372.2
2,679.2
9,137.0
1,051.8

1,837.7
372.7
2,687.5
9,162.9
1,053.0

1,840.5
373.3
2,682 6
9,191.4
1,057.9

1,843.9
376.3
2,684.4
9,212.6
1,059.4

1,850.0
377.9
2,688.7
9,239.8
1,060.3

1,855.8
378.5
2,691.8
9,264.9
1,061.9

1,854.3
378.3
2,693.5
9,279.1
1,060.4

1,861.2
378.3
2,698.1
9,306.4
1,065.6

288.8
3,383.8
2,630.2

289.4
3,390.1
2,635.3
724.7
2,766.1
232.2

290.4
3,392.9
2,632.8
726.2
2,772.2
231.5

290.5
3,396.1
2,633.1
725.8
2,773.9
231.2

289.8
3,404.0
2,637.2
725.4
2,779.7
232.4

290.6
3,406.4
2,645.9
724.7
2,782.9
233.8

290.9
3,415.2
2,649.8
723.5
2,782.7
231.2

290.0
3,417.8
2,647.1
722.6
2,779.6
231.4

291.0
3,432.4
2,653.7
726.2
2,787.7
233.3

291.4
3,435.9
2,660.1
727.3
2,789.3
234.6

292.2
3,440.9
2,665.6
728.3
2,794.5
235.1

294.5
3,451.6
2,668.3
729.1
2,796.5
236.1

294.6
3,448.9
2,676.1
729.5
2,805.4
236.8

Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

3,850.7

724.0
2,759.0
231.0

See footnotes at end of table.




53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major Industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

I

June

I

July

|

Aug.

| Sept. |

Oct.

|

Nov.

|

Pec.

Jan.

Feb.P

Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

103.7
13.8
151.5
50.4
660.8

103.5
13.9
151.9
50.6
663.1

102.7
14.0
153.2
50.4
668.3

102.7
13.7
153.5
50.2
672.3

102.6
13.6
154.4
50.0
676.2

104.3
13.5
156.1
49.8
682.0

104.5
13.5
157.1
50.0
683.7

105.1
13.6
157.5
49.8
690.1

105.4
13.7
157.5
50.5
695.4

105.3
13.9
158.1
50.9
700.2

105.8
14.3
158.8
51.2
705.5

107.1
14.3
157.5
53.0
713.3

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

141.9
61.0
24.3
8.8
362.3

142.7
60.9
24.5
8.8
363.4

145.4
60.7
24.8
8.8
363.0

145.2
60.6
24.7
8.7
363.6

147.1
60.4
24.7
8.9
364.9

149.5
60.1
24.2
8.9
366.3

150.3
60.2
24.1
9.1
366.9

150.5
60.8
24.0
9.2
366.8

151.8
61.2
23.9
9.4
368.0

153.2
61.7
23.6
9.4
368.7

154.0
62.2
23.8
9.5
369.6

157.4
63.6
24.8
9.4
373.4

Georgia
Hawaii2
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

194.6
21.5
34.0
251.7
148.5

195.6
21.4
34.0
251.1
148.0

197.0
21.6
34.4
251.7
148.0

198.3
21.6
34.6
250.8
147.6

200.1
21.7
34.8
251.9
147.6

200.5
21.9
34.9
254.9
147.3

199.8
21.5
35.0
252.6
146.5

199.5
21.6
35.0
253.0
147.0

200.9
21.5
36.7
253.5
147.4

200.7
21.6
36.5
253.6
147.6

200.8
21.8
36.8
253.6
147.6

200.2
22.3
36.1
253.0
146.7

200.8
22.6
36.9
256.0

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

65.6
64.7
86.3
131.6
27.0

65.6
64.3
85.8
130.4
27.6

65.8
65.1
86.2
129.4
27.8

65.4
64.9
86.0
128.7
27.1

65.4
65.4
86.0
128.7
28.0

64.9
65.6
86.2
128.6
28.2

64.6
65.8
86.8
129.3
28.3

64.6
66.3
86.6
130.0
28.6

64.8
66.6
87.4
130.8
28.8

65.0
67.0
88.0
131.6
29.1

65.7
67.5
88.4
131.5
29.4

66.1
68.6
90.6
126.8
29.7

67.8
67.9
88.8
130.3
30.8

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

148.5
115.7
186.6
108.9
56.4

148.6
117.1
187.4
110.2
56.4

149.1
118.8
190.4
111.4
55.8

149.4
118.7
190.5
109.8
55.8

149.7
118.9
190.8
110.1
55.7

152.0
118.5
191.5
111.6
55.4

151.8
118.8
190.9
112.0
55.2

151.9
120.0
190.9
113.1
55.6

151.6
120.1
190.8
114.5
55.3

151.7
120.7
191.8
115.6
56.0

151.7
122.1
192.8
118.8
56.2

159.3
125.5
194.3
120.2
56.3

158.7
123.7
191.9
119.7
56.0

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

133.3
19.5
42.8
93.6
24.3

133.6
19.8
42.6
92.6
24.3

135.2
19.9
42.5
90.2
24.5

135.3
19.7
42.4
88.6
24.3

136.6
19.9
42.6
88.5
24.3

141.1
19.7
43.5
89.2
24.4

141.3
19.3
43.5
89.3
24.4

141.3
19.1
43.7
89.8
24.5

141.4
19.3
43.7
90.5
24.7

140.8
19.4
44.1
91.3
24.7

140.9
19.9
44.9
91.7
24.8

145.3
19.9
44.9
91.6
26.1

139.9
20.4
43.6
91.4
26.5

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

137.5
43.2
303.3

136.9
43.4
309.1
224.2
16.4

137.0
43.3
309.5
224.4
16.0

137.1
43.6
310.9
225.4
16.4

137.5
43.6
311.9
225.9
17.1

137.4
43.6
312.0
226.2
17.2

137.7
43.6
312.7
225.8
17.3

139.0
44.0
314.3
225.1
17.4

139.3
44.0
316.8
225.3
18.0

139.8
43.9
319.5
225.1
17.9

142.7
43.9
328.2
227.0
19.0

107.5
14.6

159.2
53.3
720.2
162.5
63.3
24.8

9.2
375.8

148.2

142.1
44.1

15.9

137.4
43.3
302.3
222.1
15.8

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

238.2
57.4
82.1
236.4
17.0

237.8
57.4
82.4
235.1
17.2

236.1
57.2
82.5
234.4
17.5

234.9
57.3
82.3
236.0
17.5

235.2
57.3
82.2
235.2
17.7

235.5
57.9
82.7
236.1
18.0

235.4
58.1
82.7
235.7
18.2

235.8
58.4
82.7
236.2
18.2

236.8
58.8
83.5
237.6
18.4

237.2
59.0
83.7
238.9
18.7

238.2
58.8
83.7
238.5
18.6

239.2
58.7
83.2
248.1
17.7

240.1
59.8
85.5
243.7
17.6

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee

112.0

112.3
16.7
122.6
521.9
71.9

113.1
17.0
123.2
523.0
71.9

113.1
17.2
123.2
522.9
71.6

113.1
17.2
123.6
526.3
72.0

114.3
17.2
123.7
529.3
73.2

114.8
17.1
124.0
531.5
73.3

115.4
17.2
124.4
533.4
73.5

116.1
17.0
124.7
534.5
74.4

116.7
17.8
125.0
537.0
74.6

117.2
17.4
125.7
538.6
75.0

117.2
17.6
124.3
539.6
76.8

118.1
18.0
126.6

Utah

123.1
519.8
71.7

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

14.7
196.4
149.3
34.0
119.7
17.3

14.7
196.1
150.3
33.4
121.3
17.5

15.5
197.9
151.4
33.5
121.7
17.3

14.7
197.6
151.5
33.7
120.6
17.2

14.3
197.8
153.1
33.1
121.2
17.1

14.7
195.5
154.6
32.9
120.7
17.1

14.5
196.1
154.4
32.9
120.9
17.0

14.4
195.9
154.7
32.7
120.5
17.1

14.4
198.5
155.9
33.1
121.1
17.0

14.5
199.8
156.5
33.2
121.8
17.1

14.6
201.3
157.9
33.0
122.5
17.3

15.0
202.7
156.7
33.9
123.1
18.2

Texas

221.3

16.5

See footnotes at end of table.




54

326.9
226.7
17.4

544.9
77.3
15.6
202.5
158.5

33.4
124.6
18.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
2000

State
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Feb.P

Dec.

Manufacturing
371.2
13.7
210.9
252.5
1,923.3

370.2
13.6
210.9
252.1
1,923.9

369.2
13.2
211.3
252.1
1,924.6

369.4
13.2
211.1
252.3
1,923.7

368.3
12.8
210.9
251.1
1,922.9

369.6
14.0
211.8
252.5
1,921.8

368.2
14.7
211.6
252.2
1,922.9

367.4
15.3
211.8
252.3
1,926.5

367.1
14.6
212.1
253.4
1,923.7

366.6
12.4
212.5
253.9
1,922.9

365.8
14.7
212.8
253.8
1,924.6

365.6
13.3
212.7
252.8
1,921.3

365.5
11.5
213.2
254.8
1,922.4

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

204.8
272.0
59.9
11.9
491.4

204.2
271.6
60.2
11.9
491.1

204.8
270.7
60.0
11.9
488.8

204.2
269.4
59.9
11.9
487.5

204.0
268.4
60.2
11.8
487.0

204.5
269.1
57.3
11.9
487.2

204.0
268.1
59.5
12.0
486.7

203.5
267.3
59.4
12.0
486.3

203.3
266.5
59.6
12.0
485.9

203.2
267.0
59.6
12.0
485.9

202.6
266.9
59.6
12.0
485.3

203.0
265.4
58.3
12.2
487.0

203.5
266.6
59.7
12.1
487.5

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

598.1
16.3
75.9
960.4
686.2

599.4
16.3
76.1
958.3
686.2

598.9
16.5
76.0
956.6
686.3

598.9
16.4
76.2
954.8
686.8

599.2
16.4
76.3
953.9
688.2

598.4
16.6
76.7
955.3
692.4

600.8
16.6
76.8
955.7
691.9

599.8
16.6
76.7
955.8
692.2

599.8
16.6
76.9
955.3
692.3

600.2
16.7
76.8
954.9
692.5

600.4
16.6
76.9
955.2
692.7

605.3
16.5
76.9
950.7
694.1

604.3
16.8
76.9
952.5
692.1

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

262.1
216.0
321.1
86.6

262.0
215.7
320.4
189.3
86.7

262.4
213.7
319.4
189.6
85.8

262.6
213.3
318.7
188.4
85.8

261.9
213.1
318.6
187.9
86.0

261.8
212.6
320.0
188.2
85.8

261.2
211.9
320.6
188.3
85.8

260.4
210.9
321.4
187.9
86.0

259.9
211.3
321.2
187.6
85.9

259.9
211.3
322.2
187.4
86.2

260.3
211.3
322.5
186.8
86.2

259.8
211.7
322.8
186.7
86.2

260.9
211.8
322.9
186.4
86.2

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

177.0
436.3
980.5
440.1
245.6

176.7
434.9
981.3
439.1
245.6

177.0
434.2
979.8
439.3
245.1

176.4
432.8
979.7
438.7
244.2

176.2
431.8
979.7
438.8
244.8

177.6
432.4
981.5
438.7
246.6

177.3
432.5
981.6
438.9
246.2

177.4
432.5
979.8
439.3
245.3

176.9
432.5
975.6
439.9
244.3

177.3
432.5
972.4
439.5
243.1

177.4
432.4
970.4
439.9
242.4

178.6
430.8
969.0
440.8
243.0

177.2
431.0
969.8
440.6
243.8

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

413.8
24.5
118.8
42.1
106.9

413.4
24.5
118.6
42.2
106.8

412.7
24.4
117.8
42.2
106.9

412.3
24.3
117.2
42.3
106.4

413.0
24.1
117.0
42.4
106.5

412.6
24.8
117.5
42.1
106.4

411.7
24.7
116.9
42.4
106.5

409.4
24.6
116.9
42.4
106.3

408.2
24.7
117.1
42.5
106.3

406.6
24.7
117.0
42.7
106.4

405.6
24.6
116.9
42.7
106.2

407.5
24.5
117.0
43.0
105.7

403.6
24.7
117.2
42.8
105.1

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

470.3
42.7
898.3
812.9
24.1

468.9
42.7
896.0
810.7
24.0

468.7
42.5
893.9
807.7
24.2

467.5
42.5
892.2
805.3
24.2

466.5
42.4
890.5
802.7
24.3

466.5
42.6
892.2
803.1
24.0

464.7
42.4
891.3
798.6
23.9

464.4
42.1
889.7
797.2
23.9

463.3
41.7
889.2
795.7
23.8

463.5
41.6
889.5
794.5
23.9

463.5
41.6
889.9
792.6
24.0

465.3
41.6
891.4
791.7
24.0

462.9
41.8
889.2
792.1
24.0

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,092.1
183.6
242.7
933.6
. 75.7

1,090.1
183.7
242.4
933.3
75.2

1,089.6
183.2
242.0
932.4
74.9

1,088.4
184.5
240.8
928.4
74.6

1,088.2
185.3
239.9
926.9
74.2

1,087.8
184.7
239.8
931.8
73.3

1,089.2
184.2
239.3
929.3
74.0

1,085.1
183.9
239.1
929.3
74.0

1,083.1
183.6
240.2
929.7
74.0

1.083.3
183.7
241.6
929.7
74.1

1,082.0
183.6
241.8
929.1
73.9

1,084.1
183.2
242.3
931.1
74.1

1,083.1
183.8
243.4
929.2
74.1

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

349.1
50.2
507.5
1,096.4
131.6

347.8
49.8
507.7
1,093.7
131.7

347.1
50.3
506.9
1,086.5
132.2

346.3
50.4
507.1
1,084.0
132.5

345.4
50.2
506.9
1,081.7
132.6

344.6
50.0
510.0
1,084.2
133.3

342.6
49.8
511.1
1,082.5
133.1

342.8
50.0
510.2
1,081.4
133.0

342.1
50.5
510.5
1,082.1
132.8

342.7
50.5
509.8
1,082.4
132.5

342.9
50.4
508.5
1,081.9
132.3

343.6
50.2
507.9
1,081.6
133.0

343.0
50.3
506.6
1,084.1
133.3

47.7
397.8
371.2
81.5
619.3
11.0

47.7
396.7
369.5
81.7
618.7
11.1

47.8
392.2
368.3
81.6
617.3
11.1

47.8
393.0
366.1
81.2
616.3
11.1

47.9
393.7
364.7
80.7
616.0
11.1

47.9
394.3
363.7
81.4
614.9
11.1

47.9
397.3
362.3
81.3
613.4
11.1

47.7
397.4
359.4
81.4
612.3
11.1

47.8
396.9
357.2
82.0
614.4
11.1

47.8
396.8
356.6
82.1
614.8
11.2

47.8
397.1
356.2
82.2
615.1
11.2

48.3
398.9
354.9
83.1
614.3
11.0

47.9
395.6
354.3
82.7
616.0
11.2

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)

1999

2000

State
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

Transportation and public utilities
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

93.6
25.7
,

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

101.9
68.8
708.5

93.8
25.7
102.1
68.7
709.7

94.3
25.7
102.8
69.0
717.6

94.5
25.9
103.4
69.0
717.9

94.6
26.3
103.9
69.2
718.0

94.8
26.3
104.0
69.3
720.8

95.0
26.4
104.4
69.3
723.0

95.3
26.3
104.9
69.5
724.0

95.3
26.5
105.6
69.5
725.6

95.7
26.5
105.9
69.8
728.1

96.1
26.5
106.2
69.6
730.4

95.7
26.7
105.6
70.3
735.5

96.0
26.6
106.7
70.6
737.4

137.6
78.1
16.6
17.8
348.1

138.2
78.1
16.6
17.7
348.2

138.7
78.4
16.7
17.7
347.7

139.4
78.2
16.8
17.5
347.9

139.1
78.2
16.8
17.1
348.1

139.0
77.9
16.5
16.9
348.2

138.4
77.8
16.8
16.8
349.7

139.2
77.8
17.0
17.1
351.2

139.9
78.4
17.0
17.1
353.3

141.5
78.7
17.3
17.1
355.6

141.2
78.9
17.2
17.0
357.0

141.8
79.7
17.7
18.2
355.7

141.5
79.1
17.8
18.2
356.8

254.0

255.2

256.5

256.9

257.3

256.6

258.0

259.1

260.0

260.8

262.0

266.5

264.4

(3)
26.4
347.5
147.0

26.6
348.1
147.3

26.7
348.6
147.7

26.7
348.2
147.5

26.9
348.0
147.4

26.9
345.2
146.6

27.0
346.0
147.1

27.0
346.3
147.3

27.1
346.4
147.1

27.0
346.2
146.9

26.9
345.9
147.1

27.0
348.0
145.5

(3)
27.3
348.9
146.7

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

71.5
76.9
104.5
113.0
23.9

71.8
76.9
104.7
112.8
24.0

71.9
77.0
104.4
112.1
23.9

72.1
76.9
104.4
112.0
23.9

72.1
77.2
104.4
111.8
24.0

72.1
78.5
105.0
112.4
24.0

72.3
78.8
105.7
112.5
24.0

72.3
78.8
106.2
113.0
24.0

72.0
78.8
106.3
113.3
24.0

72.0
79.2
106.6
113.4
23.9

72.2
78.8
107.0
113.5
23.9

73.2
78.6
108.9
112.9
23.8

73.2
78.9
107.5
113.5
23.8

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

110.2
137.5
177.0
129.8
54.6

110.3
137.8
176.9
130.0
54.8

111.2
138.8
176.6
131.9
55.3

111.3
138.8
176.4
131.1
55.4

111.8
139.1
176.4
131.9
55.8

112.2
139.2
178.5
131.1
55.8

112.1
139.8
176.7
130.9
55.9

112.2
139.9
176.9
130.7
56.1

112.3
140.2
176.9
130.7
55.9

112.5
140.2
177.0
130.3
56.1

112.8
140.8
177.4
129.9
56.3

113.5
139.4
177.1
129.4
56.9

114.6
139.3
178.1
129.5
56.5

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

170.5
22.1
57.5
50.6
21.2

170.8
22.2
57.4
50.6
21.3

171.0
22.3
57.7
51.0
21.4

171.0
22.2
57.6
51.3
21.4

171.7
22.2
57.5
51.6
21.5

170.5
22.0
57.5
51.7
21.5

172.4
22.1
57.6
52.0
21.8

172.9
22.1
57.7
52.2
21.6

174.1
22.1
57.6
52.3
21.6

175.0
22.3
57.6
52.3
21.6

174.5
22.3
57.1
52.8
21.6

170.2
22.7
57.7
53.3
21.5

170.9
22.6
57.5
53.5
21.9

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

263.2
34.6
416.0
174.6
18.2

263.1
34.7
416.7
174.8
18.4

263.6
35.1
420.0
176.2
18.4

263.0
35.3
418.7
176.7
18.5

263.6
35.6
419.5
177.0
18.5

263.0
35.5
420.4
177.8
18.6

263.6
35.7
420.6
178.0
18.5

263.3
35.7
420.6
178.7
18.5

263.5
36.0
420.6
178.4
18.4

264.2
36.0
421.5
178.4
18.6

264.9
36.1
421.5
178.0
18.6

265.4
35.6
419.9
178.3
18.7

265.4
35.9
420.9
177.9
18.5

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

244.0
81.7
77.0
291.3
16.0

244.2
81.7
77.4
291.7
16.0

244.7
81.8
77.5
294.2
15.8

244.5
81.6
77.6
294.4
16.0

244.9
81.5
77.7
295.7
16.0

245.5
81.6
77.7
293.5
16.3

245.9
81.6
78.3
293.4
16.2

246.1
81.7
78.7
293.3
16.1

246.2
82.0
78.7
293.6
16.2

246.2
82.1
78.8
294.1
16.2

246.1
82.2
78.5
294.7
16.1

245.7
81.7
78.5
298.7
15.7

246.2
81.8
78.7
297.5
15.7

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee

86.7
16.8
170.2
558.0
58.7

86.9
16.8
171.0
559.0
58.9

87.0
16.7
172.0
559.4
59.2

87.3
16.7
172.0
559.6
59.0

87.8
16.7
172.4
561.1
59.5

88.4
16.8
171.8
560.9
59.8

88.4
16.8
172.0
562.7
59.6

88.5
16.7
172.4
565.1
59.9

88.4
16.6
172.6
567.6
60.3

88.6
16.6
173.2
569.9
60.1

89.0
16.7
173.4
571.7
59.9

88.9
16.9
171.6
574.4
59.4

89.2
16.9
170.8
575.9
59.5

12.2
174.8
138.4

12.2
175.6
138.6
38.1
130.0
14.3

12.2
176.2
138.5
38.2
130.3
14.3

12.3
176.9
138.8
38.3
130.3
14.2

12.3
177.6
139.2
38.4
130.7
14.3

12.4
179.0
139.8
38.3
131.2
14.2

12.1
178.9
140.0
38.3
131.2
14.3

12.5
179.4
140.4
38.3
131.2
14.2

12.6
179.8
140.5
38.5
131.8
14.2

12.6
180.6
140.8
38.4
131.1
14.3

12.6
181.4
140.5
38.4
130.8
14.1

12.7
184.1
140.6
38.4
130.0
14.2

12.5
186.1
140.1

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

37.8
129.6
14.2

See footnotes at end of table.




56

37.9
130.4
14.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
2000

1999
State
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

Trade
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

442.3
57.0
501.9
260.4
3,164.6

444.8
57.1
503.0
260.9
3,170.1

441.2
57.3
507.6
261.2
3,178.4

442.6
56.9
510.5
260.9
3,182.8

444.2
57.3
513.5
261.7
3,187.8

447.8
57.5
513.5
262.4
3,201.5

448.5
57.5
515.2
262.4
3,210.6

449.4
57.4
516.2
262.7
3,213.0

450.3
57.3
517.7
265.0
3,210.5

451.4
57.5
518.5
265.4
3,217.7

452.3
57.4
520.4
266.1
3,235.9

454.9
57.9
521.9
267.4
3,228.5

456.5
57.9
522.3
268.9
3,247.6

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

502.3
358.6
88.9
47.5
1,706.5

502.0
359.0
89.6
47.6
1,709.4

503.3
359.5
89.5
47.9
1,707.2

504.4
358.9
89.5
47.7
1,715.1

507.8
358.9
89.6
47.8
1,721.7

511.5
359.3
90.1
47.6
1,725.4

510.1
361.1
90.5
47.6
1,730.5

511.4
359.0
90.8
47.7
1,734.3

512.0
359.2
91.1
47.6
1,738.2

513.0
360.5
91.5
47.8
1,739.0

515.0
361.3
92.1
48.2
1,741.6

513.7
362.4
91.7
48.5
1,743.0

517.7
362.6
92.5
48.3
1,745.0

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

946.5
131.2
134.3
1,340.2
693.8

948.4
131.9
134.9
.,341.6
697.0

954.7
132.2
135.2
1,345.5
699.4

960.2
132.3
135.4
1,343.9
700.3

963.9
132.7
136.0
1,345.9
702.2

974.1
133.2
136.3
1,350.5
706.1

979.3
133.5
136.3
1,349.2
706.4

981.3
133.7
136.5
1,347.5
706.2

985.2
133.6
137.8
1,346.6
706.9

987.9
134.0
137.5
1,347.5
710.3

990.1
133.7
137.7
1,349.6
711.8

997.1
133.3
137.1
1,338.5
706.7

1,000.0
133.6
138.2
1,347.9
707.5

355.6
318.7
422.9
442.9
145.1

356.0
318.6
423.2
443.3
145.5

356.9
318.2
425.7
441.4
146.0

356.7
317.4
426.1
441.5
145.7

357.9
317.9
426.6
442.9
145.8

356.9
318.3
427.0
445.1
146.2

355.3
317.5
427.4
444.8
146.2

354.0
316.7
427.0
444.9
146.5

355.2
319.2
428.0
445.0
147.4

355.9
320.6
429.3
443.5
148.4

356.6
321.9
430.8
442.8
148.8

355.5
321.8
432.6
439.9
149.0

356.7
322.1
433.6
441.4
149.9

544.3
731.2
1,055.9
614.2
251.1

545.3
733.1
1,058.4
616.0
251.8

546.8
735.9
1,061.6
617.8
253.4

548.1
735.6
1,060.5
618.7
253.9

548.4
737.2
1,061.4
619.7
254.1

550.1
743.2
1,064.9
621.9
253.7

552.2
744.0
1,065.4
620.8
253.3

553.4
743.6
1,066.0
621.6
253.2

554.2
743.8
1,067.2
622.1
253.0

555.1
742.7
1,070.9
623.4
252.3

554.7
744.7
1,072.5
623.7
252.4

558.4
745.3
1,070.7
623.6
251.6

560.6
745.5
1,073.5
627.9
252.9

637.2
101.0
214.7
194.8
158.2

638.2
101.1
214.9
196.2
159.0

640.0
101.1
215.4
198.3
159.7

640.7
100.8
215.5
199.9
159.9

641.9
101.6
216.4
201.3
160.7

645.4
101.5
218.7
203.4
161.2

645.9
101.6
216.7
204.5
161.4

646.0
101.8
216.5
205.4
161.2

646.4
101.7
215.7
206.2
160.7

646.4
102.1
215.1
206.9
161.1

647.2
102.4
214.8
207.8
161.2

646.5
102.0
213.9
207.1
162.6

647.6
102.5
213.9
207.2
162.4

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

897.9
170.8
1,695.3
873.7
80.9

899.8
170.8
1,697.9
872.9
80.6

902.0
171.1
1.708.7
871.2
81.4

903.7
171.0
1.705.8
872.0
81.5

904.9
170.9
1,707.6
872.7
82.0

907.0
171.0
1,712.5
878.0
81.8

908.5
171.3
1.713.3
877.2
81.4

910.4
171.8
1,713.6
878.0
81.7

912.4
171.5
1,719.1
877.1
81.5

914.5
171.9
1,723.3
878.3
81.4

916.5
172.1
1,726.6
877.3
81.3

918.0
170.9
1,727.2
884.3
79.3

917.8
172.4
1,731.2
882.4
79.4

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,330.3
334.9
386.3
1,241.9
101.7

1.332.3
335.8
386.8
1.244.7
102.1

1.334.7
335.2
386.6
1,250.7
103.4

1.332.8
335.7
387.0
1,250.3
103.2

1.334.9
336.6
388.4
1.255.1
104.0

1,334.9
337.1
388.7
1,253.1
105.2

1.334.8
337.6
388.0
1,253.8
105.4

1,333.2
338.2
388.7
1,253.8
105.3

1,335.6
340.1
390.3
1,253.7
105.5

1,335.4
340.7
390.0
1.253.1
105.6

1,338.4
341.9
390.6
1,251.7
105.5

1,335.6
340.4
390.2
1,265.4
105.8

1,343.5
342.7
391.3
1,256.6
106.5

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

437.0
89.5
627.2
2,153.3
246.2

436.3
89.7
628.3
2,163.8
246.6

436.5
90.2
624.6
2.160.9
247.6

437.2
90.4
625.2
2,169.2
247.9

438.0
90.8
626.9
2,174.3
248.4

441.9
90.9
628.1
2,181.6
248.8

442.9
91.1
627.7
2,188.0
249.0

444.0
91.1
631.1
2,192.7
249.6

444.7
92.0
629.5
2,196.7
250.4

445.6
92.3
631.1
2,204.4
250.4

446.7
92.7
633.0
2,210.7
251.0

447.7
92.1
630.0
2,209.5
251.4

449.8
92.5
635.4
2,217.1
251.6

66.4
743.3
632.0
162.8
621.5
53.1

66.4
744.8
634.7
162.9
623.4
53.5

66.4
746.8
632.1
163.2
625.6
53.3

66.3
748.2
632.8
163.4
626.0
53.2

66.2
749.8
633.1
163.4
628.6
53.0

66.8
750.1
634.8
162.9
630.4
53.0

66.8
750.6
636.3
162.4
629.9
53.1

66.8
749.4
636.3
162.1
628.9
53.0

66.9
755.1
640.1
162.7
631.5
53.7

67.2
754.1
642.6
163.0
632.5
54.1

67.4
754.2
644.1
163.5
634.0
54.1

68.1
752.4
647.1
163.2
638.0
54.7

67.9
748.9
650.3
164.2
638.4
54.5

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

90.4!
12.8J
136.8
45.4
818.3

90.8
12.8
137.0
45.5
818.3

91.0
12.8
137.9
45.7
818.8

91.0
12.8
138.9
45.8
819.3

91.3
12.9
140.1
45.9
819.9

91.5
12.8
140.4
46.0
822.1

91.7
12.8
141.1
46.0
823.3

92.0
12.8
141.6
46.0
823.9

92.3
12.8
142.1
466
825.4

92.8
12.8
143.0
46.6
825.5

92.9
12.9
143.4
46.7
826.5

93.2
12.8
144.2
47.1
829.1

93.2
12.8
144.5
47.0
830.1

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

140.6j
139.9
48.8
31.7
445.6

140.5
139.7
48.7
31.8
446.7

140.7
140.2
48.8
31.1
443.1

140.8
140.6
48.8
31.1
446.2

141.1
140.8
48.9
31.1
447.3

141.7
140.9
49.1
31.1
449.0

141.9
140.8
49.5
31.2
450.3

142.1
141.1
49.9
31.2
451.8

142.9
141.4
50.1
31.1
453.5

142.4
141.7
50.3
31.2
454.8

142.2
141.7
50.6
31.2
456.7

142.8
141.0
50.3
31.4
458.5

142.4

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

201.1
35.3
23.8
406.1

201.6
35.0
23.8
405.8
142.4

202.7
35.0
23.7
405.8
142.2

203.2
35.0
23.5
406.0
142.3

202.6
35.0
23.4
405.8
142.8

202.5
35.0
23.3
406.2
142.9

203.0
35.0
23.3
406.2
143.3

203.2
34.9
23.6
406.8
143.3

203.7
34.6
23.6
407.6
143.6

203.6
34.5
23.6
407.7
143.6

205.4
34.4
23.4
407.1
143.8

204.5
34.3
23.7
408.1

142.4

201.2
35.2
23.8
405.7
141.9

85.0
63.0
70.7
85.6
30.8

85.1
63.2
70.5
85.4
30.9

85.1
62.7
70.9
85.2
30.9

85.2
62.7
70.9
84.9
31.0

85.1
62.7
70.9
84.9
31.1

85.0
62.8
71.1
85.2
31.0

84.8
62.9
71.2
85.3
31.0

84.9
62.9
71.4
85.4
31.0

85.2
63.2
71.3
85.4
31.1

85.4
63.2
71.3
85.5
31.2

85.5
63.4
71.3
85.5
31.1

85.3
63.6
71.7
85.1
31.1

85.6
63.9
72.0
84.9
31.1

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

138.4
225.2|
206.7 i
159.7!
42.4

137.4
225.4
205.9
159.9
42.5

139.9
225.6
207.3
160.0
42.8

139.9
225.8
207.4
160.3
42.6

139.9
225.7
207.7
160.4
42.1

140.9
226.3
208.0
160.3
42.1

141.1
226.7
208.2
160.5
42.3

141.3
226.7
208.4
160.5
42.3

141.7
227.4
208.4
160.7
42.5

142.0
228.0
208.6
160.9
42.4

142.5
228.7
208.3
161.2
42.4

141.5
228.5
207.9
161.9
42.7

141.1
229.1
208.3
161.9
42.2

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

165.3
17.4
60.3
43.8
32.2

165.5
17.4
60.6
43.8
32.1

165.7
17.3
60.7
43.7
32.5

166.0
17.5
61.0
44.0
32.7

166.3
17.5
61.0
44.2
32.8

165.9
17.5
61.3
44.1
32.7

166.0
17.6
61.4
44.3
32.9

166.0
17.5
61.3
44.4
32.8

166.3
17.5
61.1
44.4
32.9

166.4
17.7
61.2
44.7
32.9

166.4
17.9
61.1
44.6
33.1

166.7
17.7
61.1
44.6
32.7

167.2
17.7
61.2
44.7
32.8

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

254.1
33.0
748.8
186.5

256.2
33.0
745.9
186.1
16.3

256.0
33.0
746.2
185.7
16.2

256.3
33.0
746.6
185.3
16.3

256.7
33.1
748.3
184.9
16.4

257.2
33.1
748.7
185.1
16.4

257.7
33.2
747.8
185.5
16.4

258.7
32.9
749.1
185.7
16.4

258.7
33.0
750.2
186.3
16.4

259.4
33.2
749.8
186.4
16.4

259.9
33.2
754.8
187.1
16.4

260.4
33.2
754.4
187.5

16.2

254.7
33.1
747.0
186.4
16.2

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

304.3
72.3
95.7
324.4
29.5

304.6
72.5
96.0
324.3
29.5

305.6
73.0
95.5
324.3
29.6

306.2
73.2
95.4
324.2
29.5

307.1
73.5
95.2
324.5
29.4

308.4
73.4
95.3
323.0
29.6

308.7
73.6
95.4
323.3
29.8

309.3
73.5
95.5
323.2
29.8

310.1
73.7
95.5
323.2
29.8

310.9
73.9
95.3
323.2
29.8

311.6
74.2
95.2
323.3
29.9

311.3
74.4
94.4
324.7
29.7

311.6
74.4
94.5
324.4
29.8

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

80.9
23.8
130.7
510.7
56.7

80.9
24.0
130.9
514.7
56.6

81.1
24.1
130.8
511.6
56.5

81.2
24.2
131.2
513.1
56.7

81.5
24.4
130.7
515.3
56.7

81.8
24.6
130.3
518.2
56.8

82.0
24.8
130.3
520.6
57.0

82.3
25.0
130.4
522.6
56.9

82.6
25.0
130.6
525.1
57.3

82.7
25.0
130.7
526.8
57.3

82.9
25.1
130.7
528.5
57.3

82.5
25.4
131.4
528.7
56.9

82.7
25.4
131.2
530.9
56.7

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12.5
182.4
137.4
29.9
144.9
8.0

12.5
182.9
137.6
30.0
145.2
8.0

12.6
183.4
137.6
29.8
145.8
7.9

12.6
183.5
137.6
29.9
146.2
8.0

12.6
183.6
137.7
29.9
146.5
8.1

12.6
183.6
137.7
29.8
146.8
7.8

12.5
184.0
137.9
29.8
146.9
8.0

12.5
183.9
138.3
29.6
146.8
8.0

12.6
184.1
138.5
29.6
147.2
8.1

12.6
184.7
139.0
29.6
147.6
8.1

12.6
184.5
139.3
29.6
148.0
8.2

12.5
185.7
138.1
29,5
149.0
8.1

12.4
185.7
138.8

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

See footnotes at end of table.




58

141.7

50.6
31.6
458.1

143.2

16.4

29.7
149.6
8.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1999

2000

State
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

Services
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

659.1
268.7
4,312.2

452.2
69.2
662.5
268.9
4,323.2

454.0
69.7
667.6
269.3
4,336.7

454.3
70.3
672.5
269.1
4,353.4

456.3
71.0
676.5
269.5
4,369.9

459.0
71.0
684.2
269.7
4,392.6

460.1
70.9
688.8
270.2
4,405.7

460.8
70.9
689.5
271.0
4,417.2

461.3
71.0
692.0
272.3
4,432.0

461.9
71.2
695.0
272.8
4,446.6

463.2
71.4
700.1
274.1
4,463.0

463.5
72.0
704.8
274.9
4,484.8

4,490.7

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

640.3
519.7
115.0
274.4
2,457.8

639.7
521.7
115.6
274.2
2,467.8

646.3
524.0
115.3
274.8
2,485.6

649.3
525.1
115.4
274.6
2,500.6

652.4
527.3
115.8
275.0
2,514.2

658.2
531.5
117.2
275.8
2,534.1

660.2
531.1
118.2
276.7
2,549.3

661.4
530.4
117.6
277.2
2,566.3

663.2
529.5
118.1
277.3
2,587.1

663.6
529.6
118.0
277.8
2,605.2

665.5
530.4
118.3
278.8
2,622.8

669.4
533.2
118.1
279.2
2,636.7

666.2
533.6
118.1
278.8
2,650.4

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

1,035.4
172.9
130.0
1,801.4
720.2

1,042.2
173.2
130.3
1,806.8
723.1

1,054.9
173.7
131.1
1,809.3
726.5

1,057.8
174.4
131.8
1,814.6
727.6

1,064.2
174.8
133.1
1,822.8
730.2

1,074.4
174.8
134.1
1,818.1
733.9

1,077.8
175.2
134.7
1,814.4
735.1

1,079.3
175.2
135.3
1,816.2
734.2

1,085.1
175.2
135.8
1,821.2
733.8

1,086.7
175.4
136.2
1,825.3
732.8

1,090.5
176.1
136.7
1,829.0
732.8

1,096.7
175.6
136.8
1,814.1
735.1

1,094.0
175.7
139.0
1,827.8
739.0

381.7
339.3
453.6
515.9
171.4

382.8
340.0
454.5
516.5
172.0

384.4
339.6
460.7
516.8
172.8

384.7
340.5
460.8
517.4
173.3

386.7
341.4
462.9
519.6
174.2

385.7
342.8
465.2
523.9
175.0

386.5
343.0
466.0
524.9
175.5

387.9
343.9
466.5
526.5
175.6

387.8
346.1
468.0
528.1
176.1

388.9
347.5
469.7
530.6
176.3

389.8
349.0
471.1
531.6
176.9

393.0
346.6
469.6
532.1
176.2

392.8
346.7
473.5
530.2
178.0

805.3
1,144.4

807.6
1,154.8
1,235.4
747.3
268.5

809.3
1,154.6
1,238.0
749.0
269.1

811.8
1,160.2
1,240.8
751.8
270.1

818.4
1,166.9
1,244.2
753.9
272.6

818.8
1,168.7
1,245.3
757.5
273.2

819.6
1,170.3
1,246.8
756.0
273.6

824.1
822.0
1 171.8 1,171.9
1,246.6 1,248.1
758.2
760.4
273.5
272.6

826.9
1,176.2
1,251.4
762.1
271.7

831.4
1,178.0
1,250.6
768.8
274.1

830.7
1,182.0
1,250.0

741.6
263.7

805.7
1,147.8
1,235.6
743.8
266.1

766.6
110.4
240.6
409.6
176.1

766.5
110.8
240.6
415.5
176.6

768.0
110.6
241.4
419.8
177.6

765.9
111.1
242.4
422.3
177.3

767.3
111.2
244.3
424.2
177.9

769.8
112.8
244.9
428.6
178.4

771.3
113.3
244.9
432.4
178.3

773.0
113.9
244.8
433.8
178.8

774.4
114.4
244.9
435.2
177.8

776.5
114.8
244.9
435.7
179.7

777.4
115.2
246.3
436.4
180.8

783.2
115.8
244.8
438.5
180.4

780.1
116.4
244.0
438.2
180.4

1,246.8
208.1

1,255.2
209.1
2,904.3
982.5
91.7

1,260.2
209.8
2,908.9
984.0
91.5

1,263.7
210.7
2,916.6
988.0
91.9

1,266.4
210.9
2,931.1
999.5
91.9

1,268.1
211.9
2,936.9
1,001.4
92.0

1,269.9
212.4
2,943.4
1,004.3
92.3

1,272.7
212.4
2,952.1
1,007.7
92.7

1,274.4
212.9
2,960.8
1,011.7
92.7

1,276.5
213.6
2,972.3
1,014.2
92.4

1,273.8
212.1
2,985.8
1,022.7
92.3

1,275.7
214.0

2,992.0

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

451.2

68.9

1,234.3

464.6
71.8
711.6
275.3

769.3
275.3

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

2,891.1

975.3
90.9

1,250.8
208.8
2,896.8
979.0
90.9

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,536.9
415.0
418.3
1,802.9
157.9

1,539.0
413.9
420.5
1,809.0
158.1

1,547.4
414.3
421.4
1,809.2
158.9

1,546.5
414.5
421.4
1,812.5
158.8

1,549.2
416.0
422.6
1,818.2
158.5

1,557.0
416.4
428.8
1,821.9
159.9

1,558.6
417.7
428.1
1,822.1
160.0

1,560.9
418.6
429.5
1,813.1
160.2

1,563.9
420.9
432.0
1,813.6
160.4

1,566.2
421.5
433.5
1,811.6
160.2

1,569.4
422.8
435.2
1,811.8
160.3

1,572.7
421.2
435.4
1,817.4
159.4

1,574.9
424.6
434.3
1,816.8
161.0

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

437.6
100.0
710.8
2,572.7
287.7

440.0
100.1
711.3
2,582.9
288.9

443.0
100.5
712.5
2,577.1
290.7

444.6
100.4
713.8
2,583.8
291.2

446.6
100.4
716.1
2,593.7
292.7

449.7
100.3
718.1
2,595.1
294.0

451.1
100.5
718.5
2,603.3
294.9

452.1
100.5
719.3
2,611.0
296.3

453.4
101.8
721.2
2,616.8
297.4

455.3
102.2
722.9
2,624.6
298.4

457.4
102.5
724.4
2,634.9
299.1

452.7
103.1
733.0
2,637.8
295.2

457.4
103.2
729.4
2,643.3
297.1

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

87.7
1,072.0

87.9
1,075.0
729.8
215.7
728.3
53.4

88.0
1,077.6
729.5
216.2
731.4
53.2

88.3
1,079.1
731.0
216.5
732.9
53.1

88.6
1,082.6
733.1
217.0
735.1
53.1

88.4
1,082.8
737.9
217.1
736.6
56.6

88.3
1,086.3
739.3
217.7
737.3
53.6

88.4
1,088.9
741.1
217.2
738.1
54.1

88.7
1,096.5
743.7
218.9
740.6
54.6

88.8
1,098.7
745.8
219.6
740.8
55.3

89.3
1,101.1
747.4
220.6
743.0
55.3

90.1
1,102.6
750.3
220.2
740.4
54.8

90.3
1,105.9
753.4
219.7
742.5

728.0

214.9
725.1
53.0

See footnotes at end of table.




59

1,020.2

91.7

54.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)

1999

2000

State
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

I

June |

July

|

Aug.

| Sept. |

Oct.

|

Nov.

|

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

Government
349.8
73.2
350.2
186.2
2,215.4

350.4
73.4
348.5
186.8
2,223.1

351.1
73.6
348.4
186.7
2,231.5

349.8
73.6
345.6
186.6
2,231.6

350.4
73.3
344.8
187.2
2,230.3

350.9
73.8
349.8
187.5
2.237.7

352.7
73.4
344.3
188.0
2,240.9

357.3
73.7
347.3
188.0
2,245.9

354.4
73.8
350.9
188.6
2,247.9

354.0
74.0
347.4
188.9
2,256.6

354.8
74.1
351.2
189.1
2,262.3

352.4
73.5
358.1
189.5
2,275.1

352.6
73.7
355.1
189.5
2,279.6

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

325.9
232.4
54.4
222.7
961.5

326.1
233.3
54.8
222.8
963.1

326.8
234.8
54.9
220.3
964.8

327.4
235.2
54.9
222.0
965.5

327.6
235.9
54.5
222.5
966.8

329.5
235.6
55.0
223.0
968.9

330.3
236.3
54.7
223.5
970.1

331.3
237.1
54.9
222.6
971.3

330.5
237.7
55.4
223.5
973.3

332.0
238.2
55.6
223.8
975.0

333.2
238.5
55.7
224.0
977.6

330.3
239.1
54.8
221.7
971.8

330.5
238.5
55.6
222.2
977.3

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

589.7
111.1
104.2
819.4
400.2

588.3
110.9
104.5
821.1
401.5

586.6
111.0
103.8
825.2
402.8

587.3
110.8
104.9
824.9
409.2

583.6
111.9
105.2
827.4
403.5

584.9
112.3
105.4
832.1
404.7

589.8
115.9
107.0
833.4
403.9

601.5
117.9
105.9
834.6
403.2

590.5
114.1
107.4
832.5
404.5

591.3
113.7
107.7
833.6
404.3

592.8
112.9
107.6
831.8
404.4

592.4
112.9
106.3
826.1
408.3

593.2
112.9
106.2
828.3
402.0

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

239.1
238.7
300.0
370.9
96.1

239.0
239.6
300.4
369.4
95.9

239.2
239.9
301.9
369.2
95.9

238.7
238.8
303.3
369.3
95.8

238.0
240.4
304.9
368.5
95.7

238.9
239.6
297.1
366.9
95.8

238.6
239.1
300.2
367.7
95.3

240.7
237.9
300.5
367.8
97.0

240.0
241.6
300.8
368.8
96.8

240.3
241.9
301.4
369.9
96.6

241.1
241.6
301.8
369.9
96.7

242.3
242.6
304.7
369.5
97.0

241.8
242.3
304.5
371.6
97.9

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

441.4
416.4
661.0
384.7
225.9

442.1
416.7
662.7
385.5
226.5

442.9
416.1
666.8
386.2
226.8

442.7
416.2
667.0
385.2
227.2

441.1
417.0
667.7
384.3
229.1

415.8
415.5
668.1
389.6
230.1

417.9
416.0
667.9
389.0
230.4

439.1
419.0
668.8
391.1
230.7

441.1
418.4
666.7
390.5
230.6

442.2
418.1
669.1
389.5
230.6

442.4
418.0
670.2
389.7
230.2

443.3
421.7
671.3
385.6
229.3

444.6
423.1
672.4
389.4
229.6

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

418.1
78.0
150.7
116.1
80.8

418.4
79.1
150.7
117.1
80.9

418.0
79.1
151.2
117.6
80.8

420.2
78.9
151.0
118.3
81.1

420.6
78.9
151.7
115.8
81.3

417.3
79.8
153.2
117.6
81.7

412.0
79.2
152.7
117.8
82.5

426.5
79.4
152.7
116.4
82.1

422.2
79.4
152.7
118.8
82.1

422.7
79.4
152.6
119.2
82.3

422.8
79.5
152.6
119.6
82.6

428.1
78.9
154.2
118.4
83.5

423.9
78.7
154.2
119.2
82.6

569.9
178.5
1,437.0
602.4
72.1

569.6
179.2
1,438.4
603.4
72.0

569.9
179.9
1,441.6
600.0
72.1

570.5
179.9
1,441.9
600.0
71.6

570.0
180.0
1,441.8
584.3
70.8

570.7
180.5
1.443.3
612.3
70.3

569.3
181.6
1.442.7
635.7
70.2

572.1
181.9
1,442.8
607.5
71.5

572.9
181.0
1,447.2
605.5
71.8

573.2
181.6
1,448.4
607.2
72.0

573.8
181.6
1,446.7
608.8
72.0

575.2
181.3
1,444.8
611.1
72.1

1,447.4

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

767.2
281.3
258.7
707.5
63.0

768.4
281.6
259.1
707.7
63.5

769.7
281.7
259.5
707.2
63.5

769.7
281.2
259.6
705.4
63.4

770.4
284.0
259.4
712.4
63.2

776.1
282.0
265.2
704.4
63.1

775.8
283.3
266.1
708.7
62.9

777.0
283.0
260.0
711.6
63.0

777.9
283.6
261.0
711.1
63.2

779.4
283.9
261.5
712.8
62.9

781.6
284.6
262.1
711.5
63.1

784.3
285.2
260.3
719.7
63.5

780.6
285.8
262.9
719.8
63.6

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

313.5

314.8
71.4
389.9
1,541.1
179.2

315.9
71.6
389.4
1,541.4
179.3

316.7
71.2
389.6
1,542.7
179.2

312.5
71.2
392.9
1.523.9
177.9

314.0
71.4
399.6
1,530.3
178.2

313.5
71.7
390.4
1,541.5
180.8

314.6
72.3
391.0
1,546.1
179.0

316.4
72.4
391.7
1,551.7
179.2

317.7
72.6
391.8
1,555.7
179.5

319.8
71.9
391.1
1,563.0
179.9

319.1

389.4
1,534.9
178.2

313.3
71.3
389.8
1,539.2
178.8

393.8
1,566.7
182.3

46.9
606.7
470.5
140.9
396.1
58.7

47.3
608.6
471.3
141.0
396.4
58.8

47.3
608.7
472.0
142.0
397.3
58.7

48.0
607.8
471.9
141.4
398.8
58.7

47.3
608.9
472.9
141.5
398.8
60.0

47.2
611.1
474.0
141.2
399.5
58.5

48.2
612.1
476.3
140.3
400.4
58.6

47.1
612.9
473.6
140.5
399.0
58.4

47.4
611.6
474.5
140.4
398.4
58.5

47.4
611.4
475.4
140.3
398.0
58.6

47.4
611.6
476.8
140.0
398.4
58.9

47.4
615.2
477.2
140.0
398.8
59.4

47.4
614.3
477.4
140.9
401.0
59.5

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

71.1

611.0
72.7

70.9

p
= preliminary.
NOTE:
All data have been adjusted to March 1999 benchmarks (with the
exception of data for New Jersey) and incorporate updated seasonal adjustment
factors.

1

Includes mining, not shown separately.
Mining is combined with construction.
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2

3




574.6
181.6

60

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
2000

1999
Industry
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

Mar.P

34.5

34.4

34.4

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.4

34.5

34.5

34.5

34.6

34.5

34.5

40.8

40.9

41.0

41.2

41.2

41.1

41.1

41.1

41.3

40.9

41.1

41.4

41.1

Mining

42.9

43.8

44.1

44.0

45.1

44.2

44.3

44.1

44.2

44.2

44.9

44.6

44.5

Construction

38.5

38.6

38.9

39.4

38.9

39.0

39.1

39.1

40.0

38.9

39.4

40.0

39.5

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

41.5
4.5

41.6
4.3

41.7
4.6

41.7
4.7

41.9
4.7

41.8
4.7

41.8
4.7

41.8
4.7

41.7
4.6

41.6
4.6

41.7
4.7

41.8
4.8

41.6
4.6

Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

42.0
4.6
41.2
40.3
42.9
43.9
43.9
42.1
41.9
41.0
43.7
44.7
41.2
39.8

42.1
4.3
41.2
40.4
43.1
44.0
44.5
41.8
41.9
41.1
44.0
45.1
41.6
39.6

42.2
4.7
41.2
40.4
43.4
44.3
44.8
42.1
42.1
41.5
43.5
44.4
41.6
40.2

42.3
4.8
41.1
40.4
43.4
44.3
45.2
42.1
42.0
41.5
44.2
45.4
41.5
40.0

42.5
4.9
41.1
40.6
43.6
44.5
45.2
42.3
42.4
41.7
44.4
46.0
41.7
40.1

42.4
4.9
41.3
40.3
43.6
44.4
45.1
42.4
42.4
41.7
44.0
45.2
41.6
40.1

42.4
4.9
41.1
40.4
43.6
44.4
45.0
42.3
42.4
41.6
44.0
45.2
41.6
40.0

42.3
4.8
41.1
40.2
43.4
44.3
45.0
42.1
42.4
41.6
43.9
45.3
41.5
39.8

42.2
4.7
41.1
39.9
43.9
44.3
45.3
42.1
42.2
41.4
43.5
44.7
41.5
39.6

42.1
4.8
40.9
40.0
43.3
44.4
45.5
41.9
42.2
41.2
43.3
44.4
41.6
39.9

42.3
4.8
41.1
40.2
43.6
44.5
45.1
42.3
42.5
41.4
43.7
45.1
41.2
39.4

42.4
4.9
41.0
40.4
43.5
44.5
45.5
42.5
42.4
41.6
44.0
45.1
41.2
39.6

42.3
4.8
40.8
40.4
43.2
44.2
44.6
42.4
42.4
41.8
43.7
44.7
40.9
39.5

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

40.8
4.4
41.7
38.8
40.4
37.4
43.7
37.9
42.8
(2)
41.8
37.7

40.9
4.2
41.9
38.6
41.0
37.5
43.6
38.1
43.0
(2)
41.5
38.1

41.0
4.4
41.8
39.9
41.0
37.8
43.5
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.9
38.4

41.0
4.5
41.8
39.1
40.6
37.7
43.5
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.8
37.9

41.1
4.5
42.0
41.1
41.3
37.5
43.5
38.4
43.1
(2)
41.7
37.9

40.9
4.4
41.6
40.0
40.9
37.3
43.7
38.3
43.3
(2)
41.6
38.2

40.9
4.4
41.7
40.2
40.8
37.5
43.5
38.3
43.2
(2)
41.7
37.2

41.0
4.5
42.0
41.0
41.3
37.5
43.5
38.4
43.1
(2)
41.5
37.5

41.0
4.4
41.9
42.8
41.2
37.3
43.5
38.3
43.1
(2)
41.5
37.6

40.9
4.5
41.6
43.5
41.2
37.4
43.2
38.2
43.1
(2)
41.3
36.8

40.9
4.4
41.6
40.4
40.9
37.6
43.3
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.7
37.5

41.0
4.5
41.5
40.7
41.8
37.8
43.5
38.2
42.7
(2)
41.6
38.1

40.7
4.3
41.3
39.6
41.5
37.7
43.2
38.1
42.4
(2)
41.3
37.8

32.8

32.8

32.8

32.8

32.9

32.9

32.8

32.8

32.8

32.9

32.9

32.8

32.9

Transportation and public utilities

39.1

39.0

38.8

38.9

38.7

38.9

38.6

38.5

38.2

38.5

38.4

38.4

38.3

Wholesale trade

38.4

38.4

38.3

38.4

38.4

38.4

38.5

38.6

38.4

38.5

38.6

38.4

38.5

Retail trade

29.0

29.0

29.1

29.1

29.1

29.0

28.8

28.9

28.9

29.1

29.2

29.0

29.1

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.6

32.5

32.5

32.6

32.6

32.7

32.6

32.7

32.8

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.7

Total private
Goods-producing

Service-producing

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular




components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

61

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)
2000

1999
Industry
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.P

Mar.P

146.8

147.0

147.2

147.8

148.3

148.4

148.2

148.8

149.2

149.4

150.3

150.0

150.5

114.2

114.2

114.4

114.6

115.1

114.3

114.6

114.7

115.5

114.5

116.2

116.2

116.2

50.5

50.4

50.1

49.7

50.9

49.8

50.3

50.6

50.4

50.8

51.4

51.0

51.0

Construction

169.1

169.2

170.0

172.8

170.7

170.3

172.4

173.2

179.0

174.5

181.4

181.6

183.5

Manufacturing

106.5

106.5

106.5

106.3

107.3

106.4

106.4

106.2

106.0

105.7

106.3

106.3

105.9

110.4

110.4
147.5
135.6

110.4

111.9
147.3
138.8
118.1
91.1
69.8

111.2
147.6

110.9

110.5

110.2

109.8

147.6
137.4
116.2
89.8
69.9

147.6

146.6
135.8

110.7
147.6
136.2

111.0

147.1

147.4
137.2

117.0

118.9

117.5

90.0
69.9

90.4
70.2

90.6
70.0

90.8
70.2

110.6
146.3
137.5
117.0
90.3

116.2
104.1
105.6
125.5
164.8
75.8

110.5
147.3
135.9
117.0
90.3
69.2
116.9
104.5
106.2
123.4
162.4
75.6

116.8

116.9

117.8

103.7
105.8
122.7
165.0

118.6
104.9
106.6
125.1

75.1

164.1
74.5

100.3

101.4

165.9
75.2
100.9

106.7
125.4
168.0
75.1
101.3

104.1
106.7
124.2
167.3
75.1
100.8

116.5
103.8

100.3

101.8

101.2
118.9
55.4
81.6

101.1

100.5

100.9

100.2

100.4

100.4

100.1

117.9
56.2

119.1
59.0
81.3

117.7
53.7
79.5

118.7
54.8
80.0

58.6

58.1

121.9

121.9

122.3

122.3

101.8
76.4
148.8

102.4
74.5

122.6
102.8
73.2

148.5

102.3
73.9
149.5

105.6
122.1
102.7
73.9
149.2

149.2

119.0
57.3
80.1
57.7
105.4
122.0
103.2
72.4
149.4

118.3
58.2

61.4
106.7

118.5
55.3
81.1
61.4
106.3

32.4

32.8

161.5

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

147.9
135.2
115.4

90.0
68.2
117.0
104.4

105.1
125.3
162.7
74.7
100.0
101.2
118.8
55.7
81.1
61.5
107.0

116.2
89.9
69.1

146.9

136.2
116.8
89.8

69.4
116.6
104.0
105.9

108.0

125.0

127.1
172.1
76.0
101.1

99.9
116.2

137.5
117.0

90.2
69.9
117.2
104.2

136.1
118.1

105.0
122.2

104.6
106.0
124.4
169.4
73.5
100.5
100.2
118.3
52.0

169.1
73.1
100.3
100.0
116.9
54.4
80.6
57.9
105.4

69.3
118.6
104.4
107.6

123.7
166.1
72.7
99.6
99.3

150.9

121.8
102.6
68.6
150.5

116.2
47.1
80.0
57.7
104.5
121.8
102.2
67.3
149.1

29.4

30.0

29.9

29.6

164.4

165.0

165.6

165.2

165.9

133.3

132.7

134.0

134.5

134.2

134.5

133.1

133.8

133.2

134.0

134.7

134.2

135.1

143.8

142.6

143.1

143.3

144.7

145.5

144.4

145.0

141.2

140.7

140.2

140.5

139.7

140.6

140.7

139.6

140.2

201.1

202.4

202.3

204.0

205.0

204.8

205.5

205.7

206.5

49.5
80.0
58.6
105.9

79.8
57.7
103.4
72.0

78.9
57.7
104.9
121.8
103.7
70.0

149.5

30.0

164.1

133.5

132.5

144.4

139.4
200.7

79.8
60.4
106.0

59.3

101.9
72.9
148.6

106.0
122.4
102.1
74.4
149.6

122.1
102.3
72.5
149.4

32.4

32.0

30.9

31.7

30.9

30.5

161.6

161.9

162.7

163.2

163.7

163.3

133.8

133.6

133.0

133.7

133.2

134.1

131.3

131.6

131.5

132.0

132.3

141.9

142.6

143.3

143.6

139.3

139.1

138.8

198.8

198.9

199.3

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.




118.2
105.3

137.5
116.8
90.4
70.0
117.4
104.4
107.2
126.6
169.9
75.4
101.1

105.2

105.1

121.4

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.

62

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ALL-EMPLOYEE HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1

Percent change

Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ..
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

March 1999
to
March 2000p

Jan. 2000
to
Feb. 2000r

239,093

2.3

-0.1

200,252

200,741

2.5

-.2

1,234
13,325
39,889
24,081
15,808
13,881
14,267
34,951
14,544
68,490

1,234
13,493
39,911
24,117
15,794
13,817
14,215
34,678
14,425
68,478

1,241
13,507
39,796
24,083
15,713
13,814
14,286
34,802
14,458
68,837

1.2
8.3
-.6
.0
-1.6
.7
3.0
2.1
1.1
4.3

.0
1.3

38,838

38,825

38,351

March
2000p

Jan.
2000r

Feb.
2000r

239,419

239,077

200,582

1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
r
= revised.
NOTE: Data
refer
to hours of all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based




63

.1

.1
-.1
-.5
-.4
-.8
-.8
.0

Feb. 2000
To
March 2000p

0.0

.5
.1
-.3
-.1
-.5
.0
.5
.4
.2
.5

-1.2

largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS
Bulletin 2490, chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and
Major Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202—691-5606).
Historical data for this series also are available on the Internet at the
following address:
ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/opt/tableb10.txt

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
2000

1999
Industry
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

Mar.P

Average hourly earnings

Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime2
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

$13.11 $13.14 $13.18 $13.24 $13.28 $13.29 $13.35 $13.39 $13.40 $13.44 $13.49 $13.55 $13.60
14.61

14.67

14.75

14.85

14.90

14.90

14.93

14.97

14.99

15.03

15.10

15.18

15.23

17.00
16.92
13.71
13.00

16.87
16.97
13.79
13.09

17.05
17.08
13.85
13.13

16.96
17.16
13.95
13.20

17.23
17.18
14.02
13.26

17.12
17.15
14.03
13.28

17.09
17.21
14.04
13.29

17.09
17.27
14.07
13.33

16.93
17.31
14.06
13.32

17.01
17.42
14.09
13.35

17.01
17.44
14.15
13.42

17.06
17.55
14.21
13.45

17.19
17.61
14.24
13.50

12.63

12.65

12.68

12.73

12.77

12.79

12.85

12.89

12.90

12.95

12.98

13.04

13.09

15.53
14.42
8.98
14.51
13.27

15.60
14.44
9.03
14.58
13.28

15.65
14.48
9.04
14.60
13.33

15.65
14.56
9.06
14.62
13.38

15.70
14.61
9.10
14.68
13.42

15.70
14.63
9.13
14.63
13.44

15.76
14.74
9.15
14.70
13.49

15.76
14.80
9.18
14.72
13.55

15.81
14.81
9.20
14.73
13.55

15.94
14.88
9.26
14.75
13.60

15.87
14.99
9.26
14.88
13.64

16.02
14.95
9.31
14.84
13.70

16.07
15.01
9.34
14.92
13.75

7.86
8.76
7.58

7.83
8.74
7.53

7.85
8.78
7.55

7.89
8.84
7.58

7.88
8.84
7.58

7.87
8.82
7.57

7.86
8.79
7.57

7.87
8.80
7.58

7.86
8.80
7.57

7.87
8.80
7.58

7.88
8.83
7.59

7.88
8.83
7.58

(4)
(4)
(4)

Average weekly earnings

Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction

452.30 452.02 453.39 456.78 458.16 458.51 459.24 461.96 462.30 463.68 466.75 467.48 469.20
596.09 600.00 604.75 611.82 613.88 612.39 613.62 615.27 619.09 614.73 620.61 628.45 625.95
729.30 738.91 751.91 746.24 777.07 756.70 757.09 753.67 748.31 751.84 763.75 760.88 764.96
651.42 655.04 664.41 676.10 668.30 668.85 672.91 675.26 692.40 677.64 687.14 702.00 695.60
568.97 573.66 577.55 581.72 587.44 586.45 586.87 588.13 586.30 586.14 590.06 593.98 592.38

Manufacturing

414.26 414.92 415.90 417.54 420.13 420.79 421.48 422.79 423.12 426.06 427.04 427.71 430.66
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services

Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

607.22
553.73
260.42
(5)
432.60

608.40
554.50
261.87
(5)
431.60

607.22
554.58
263.06
(5)
433.23

608.79
559.10
263.65
(5)
436.19

610.73
561.79
264.77
(5)
439.49

608.34
567.49
263.52
(5)
439.77

606.76
571.28
265.30
(5)
443.09

603.94
568.70
265.88
(5)
444.44

613.69
572.88
269.47
(5)
444.72

609.41
578.61
270.39
(5)
446.03

615.17
574.08
269.99
(5)
447.99

271.33 269.22 270.04 272.05 271.91 271.47 270.46 271.58 271.30 271.48 272.79 271.79
357.58 357.36 360.18 364.40 364.32 362.58 361.38 361.71 363.32 359.91 362.72 365.38
248.51 247.12 247.71 248.68 249.34 249.14 248.22 248.55 248.31 249.45 249.59 248.67
4

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and
one-half.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
(CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.




607.59
561.02
264.81
(5)
437.49

615.48
577.89
271.79
(5)
449.63
(4)
(4)
(4)

Not available.
This series is not computed because the average weekly hours'
component is not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1995 forward are subject to revision.
5

64

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)
1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Total

....

Total private
Mining

Production workers1

All employees
Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

126,229 126,867 128,138 128,757 129,741

-

-

-

-

-

105,872 106,385 107,856 108,064 108,808

86,423

86,892

88,033

88,231

88,904
393

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000P

540

540

520

521

526

403

404

392

391

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

49.2
8.1
14.5

49.1
8.1
14.3

48.1
8.5
14.4

47.6
8.4
14.4

47.1
-

37.2
6.7
10.8

37.2
6.7
10.7

36.8
7.2
11.0

36.3
7.1
11.0

_
-

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

87.8
81.9

87.1
81.1

80.6
74.9

79.5
73.9

79.0
-

72.8
67.6

72.0
66.8

66.8
61.9

65.8
61.0

_

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

301.2
130.3
166.6

300.2
128.6
167.2

291.1
123.9
164.4

293.2
123.5
166.9

296.0
_
-

218.3
76.2
138.2

217.3
75.1
138.0

214.2
76.2
135.6

214.8
74.4
138.1

_
_
-

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

14
142
144
147

101.3
39.7
32.3
11.6

103.4
40.6
33.6
11.4

99.9
40.1
31.8
11.4

100.4
40.8
31.5
11.7

103.4
_
_
-

75.0
30.6

77.3
31.4
_
-

74.2
30.7
_
-

74.3
31.3
_
-

_
_
-

5,747

5,806

6,019

5,979

6,143

4,369

4,417

4,584

4,538

Construction

-

-

4,693

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

1,349.8
695.3
27.2
627.3

1,358.1
700.5
27.3
630.3

1,409.8
727.8
28.5
653.5

1,399.1
719.0
28.8
651.3

1,417.5
-

927.4
460.6
10.9
455.9

933.9
465.5
10.8
457.6

971.5
486.6
11.4
473.5

960.5
478.1
11.4
471.0

_
-

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

740.0
188.0
552.0

761.6
202.8
558.8

760.5
197.0
563.5

754.6
195.1
559.5

796.6
_
-

603.4
142.6
460.8

623.0
156.0
467.0

619.7
151.1
468.6

613.6
148.8
464.8

_
-

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

3,657.0
830.2
183.8
735.8
502.4
277.3
231.7

3,686.2
832.4
185.5
737.6
504.4
277.2
229.1

3,848.2
868.2
192.0
778.1
523.2
287.6
242.2

3,824 9
865.4
189.5
776.6
519.3
288.3
235.0

3,929.1
_
_
-

2,838.0
608.3
148.1
577.6
432.8
207.8
178.0

2,859.8
610.0
149.7
577.6
435.0
207.4
174.9

2,992.8
637.8
154.9
612.5
450.3
214.5
185.3

2,964.1
634.8
152.2
609.0
446.7
214.2
178.0

—
_
_
-

18,439

18,427

18,274

18,268

18,286

12,661

12,666

12,540

12,547

12,560

10,986

10,991

10,934

10,930

10,956

7,504

7,522

7,472

7,481

7,499

665.7
59.4
157.1
121.3
33.5
251.4
96.6
73.3
24.3
24.8
47.1
79.1
64.3
71.6

666.3
57.4
156.8
120.9
33.5
253.0
97.2
73.8
24.5
24.7
47.7
79.3
64.4
72.1

668.6
59.2
155.2
118.9
34.1
260.4
100.8
77.1
24.8
24.8
46.0
76.1
59.5
71.7

667.9
58.5
155.6
119.6
33.9
261.0
100.7
77.9
24.8
24.9
46.2
74.4
57.7
72.2

667.1
-

427.5
242.4
113.2
76.6
16.1
26.6

428.3
242.9
113.2
76.6
16.0
27.1

432.2
246.0
113.8
78.8
16.5
27.0

433.1
247.9
114.5
79.5
17.1
27.1

434.7
_
-

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

812.2
75.6
180.4
139.8
37.8
314.1
124.8
90.6
28.5
27.7
55.0
99.3
76.9
87.8

813.4
73.3
180.0
139.3
37.7
316.3
125.6
91.2
28.7
27.7
55.5
100.2
77.2
88.1

817.8
73.8
178.3
137.3
38.2
326.8
129.7
95.7
29.3
28.3
54.0
97.4
72.3
87.5

817.1
72.9
178.7
138.0
38.0
327.5
129.9
96.7
29.2
28.2
54.0
95.7
70.5
88.3

816.2
_
_
-

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515

535.3
284.8
129.9
89.7
19.2
34.3

535.9
285.2
130.0
89.7
19.0
34.7

543.7
288.4
130.8
92.0
19.6
34.3

544.8
290.7
131.6
92.8
20.2
34.5

546.6
_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




65

_
-

_
_
-

-

_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

252
253
254
259

68.8
47.4
93.7
40.6

68.5
47.6
93.8
40.8

71.0
50.2
92.7
41.4

70.4
49.6
92.7
41.4

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

552.5
16.4
69.7
24.6
45.1
62.2
17.2
33.4
38.2
221.1
18.4
78.8
106.0
78.6
19.0
2.3
24.7

556.4
16.6
69.5
24.6
44.9
62.6
17.2
33.2
38.1
225.1
18.9
80.1
108.2
78.2
18.7
2.3
24.6

557.4
17.0
69.0
23.0
46.0
63.4
17.4
33.5
36.3
228.8
19.4
81.7
109.6
77.1
18.7
2.0
24.6

555.8
17.0
69.4
22.9
46.5
63.3
17.4
33.6
36.5
226.2
19.3
81.8
107.0
76.9
18.7
2.0
24.6

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

694.6
223.0
154.3
27.5
128.1
77.4
4.7
28.7
37.6
21.6
167.8
22.1
20.1
72.3
91.5
26.3

693.1
222.7
154.0
27.7
127.8
77.3
4.7
28.7
37.5
21.6
167.5
22.0
19.9
72.4
91.0
26.0

688.0
221.6
152.9
28.4
124.2
77.5
4.3
26.5
36.8
21.5
168.1
22.2
19.4
72.3
91.5
26.3

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws ...
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469

1,490.3
35.4
28.5
124.7
42.3
69.6
57.6
24.1
19.0
462.4
82.7
79.7
101.2
122.3
32.8
105.6
54.3
51.3
259.4
32.1
116.8
96.5

1,488.5
35.5
28.6
125.2
42.6
69.8
57.6
24.2
18.8
462.6
82.8
80.0
100.9
122.3
32.8
105.1
54.0
51.1
259.0
32.0
116.4
96.7

1,492.2
35.4
28.7
122.2
42.3
67.7
58.6
24.3
19.4
472.6
84.4
84.0
98.0
127.1
34.2
102.9
52.5
50.4
258.6
30.4
116.4
98.7

See footnotes at end of table.




66

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

49.6
37.1
70.8
27.6

49.4
37.3
70.8
27.9

50.4
38.7
68.8
28.3

49.6
38.1
69.3
28.2

563.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

429.7
12.9
57.1
21.4
35.7
47.7
12.8
25.7
30.1
170.2
11.9
60.9
83.2
61.1
15.0
1.9
-

434.1
13.3
57.2
21.5
35.7
48.1
12.8
25.7
30.0
173.8
12.3
61.9
85.2
60.9
14.8
1.9
-

432.6
13.7
55.9
20.0
35.9
48.5
12.7
25.8
28.5
176.9
12.8
63.2
86.5
59.4
14.6
1.7
-

430.4
13.6
55.7
19.8
35.9
48.3
12.7
25.9
28.6
174.5
12.6
63.1
84.4
59.3
14.5
1.7
-

436.6

686.9
220.3
152.2
28.3
123.5
76.8
4.3
26.4
36.7
21.5
168.5
22.3
19.4
72.6
92.2
26.5

687.7
221.7

542.9
172.4
120.2
20.9
104.9
64.a
3.6
23.5
29.3
17.6
127.3
17.9
14.8
54.5
74.5
21.6

541.1
172.6
120.4
21.1
104.6
64.0
3.6
23.5
28.9
17.6
126.5
17.8
14.7
54.2
74.1
21.3

538.4
172.6
120.0
21.8
101.6
64.3
3.2
21.5
28.4
17.5
128.0
17.6
14.4
55.0
74.5
21.6

538.1
171.7
119.6
21.8
100.9
63.6
3.2
21.4
28.5
17.6
128.7
17.8
14.4
55.4
75.3
22.0

539.3
173.0
-

1,493.4
35.5
28.6
122.1
42.3
67.8
57.8
24.0
18.9
473.0
85.0
83.5
98.3
127.0
34.3
103.6
52.8
50.8
258.2
30.5
115.7
98.8

1,496.4
_
_
_
_

1,119.9
30.1
24.7
95.9
32.7
53.5
40.9
17.6
12.3
336.9
60.3
58.6
72.4
93.6
24.1
82.7
44.2
38.5
203.7
24.1
95.5
73.4

1,119.6
30.2
24.8
96.6
33.2
53.8
41.0
17.6
12.4
337.3
60.2
58.9
72.3
93.6
24.1
82.2
43.8
38.4
203.3
24.0
94.9
73.7

1,122.7
30.2
24.9
94.1
33.1
51.9
41.4

1,123.4
30.1
24.7
94.0
33.1
52.0
40.6
17.1
12.4
344.8
61.3
61.2
70.9
97.7
24.6
81.1
42.8
38.3
203.3
22.8
94.3
76.0

1,127.4
_
_
_
-

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—

MA
13.0
344.6
61.1
61.8
70.8
97.9
24.2
80.4
42.5
37.9
203.8
22.7
95.3
75.8

_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
—

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

142.6
86.6
56.0
39.9
19.0
262.7
24.4
58.0

142.2
86.6
55.6
39.3
18.4
262.0
24.4
57.7

142.1
86.8
55.3
38.1
17.4
261.7
23.6
57.1

142.8
87.6
55.2
37.5
16.9
262.9
23.5
57.1

Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ....

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

2,148.9
83.9
24.5
59.4
99.9
71.7
246.2
91.4
16.3
43.3
41.6
34.5
344.2
42.1
16.9
165.8
54.0
20.4
171.4
13.9
21.3
24.7
264.7
31.0
40.6
27.0
36.5
17.4
22.0
360.4
183.5

2,144.1
83.3
24.6
58.7
101.1
72.5
245.3
91.3
16.3
42.7
41.3
34.5
343.2
41.8
16.8
165.5
53.8
20.4
170.9
13.8
20.8
24.7
263.5
30.9
40.4
27.1
36.5
17.3
22.0
359.1
182.1

2,115.8
85.5
23.8
61.7
97.1
70.7
241.0
91.3
15.2
40.1
41.4
34.1
335.4
39.5
16.9
164.6
52.1
19.5
167.2
12.5
20.3
24.4
259.0
29.9
39.6
27.8
36.5
16.3
20.8
355.6
179.9

2,117.2
84.8
23.7
61.1
100.0
72.6
240.8
91.7
14.8
39.4
41.8
34.4
335.2
39.4
16.8
165.1
52.0
19.4
167.3
11.8
20.5
24.4
259.2
29.7
39.6
27.8
36.7
16.2
20.5
353.1
179.0

60.1
200.9
139.5
377.3
24.3
305.5

60.4
202.0
141.0
375.7
24.0
304.7

63.0
197.3
137.3
377.7
24.6
307.2

62.0
197.8
138.1
379.0
24.7
308.6

Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634

1,656.7
81.6
37.3
44.3
148.8
73.5
56.1
117.0
26.6
17.1
22.9

1,658.4
82.1
37.5
44.6
148.3
73.1
55.9
117.0
26.6
17.3
22.1

1,669.6
83.2
38.5
44.7
144.7
70.9
55.0
119.9
27.6
18.8
21.6

1,675.6
83.7
38.6
45.1
144.4
70.5
55.0
119.9
27.3
18.7
21.5

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

See footnotes at end of table.




67

Feb.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

114.8
70.4
44.4
23.6
8.9
191.3
17.6
43.7

114.3
70.5
43.8
23.4
8.7
191.3
18.0
43.5

113.9
70.6
43.3
22.0
8.1
192.3
17.5
43.7

2,114.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
351.4
-

1,360.8
55.2
13.4
41.8
71.8
50.1
156.3
61.6
9.4
26.6
22.0
24.0
245.2
26.1
10.4
126.3
38.6
14.8
94.0
8.8
12.1
14.7
168.7
17.7
31.2
15.0
25.5
12.8
15.5
143.6
70.5

1,359.4
54.8
13.4
41.4
72.6
51.0
155.6
61.9
9.4
26.0
21.7
23.9
245.0
25.8
10.4
126.3
38.5
14.9
93.6
8.8
11.9
14.7
167.9
17.7
31.0
15.1
25.4
12.7
15.4
144.3
70.7

1,338.2
57.6
12.6
45.0
68.2
49.1
152.0
61.7
8.6
23.6
21.5
23.8
239.4
24.2
10.2
126.4
36.9
14.5
88.5
8.1
11.2
14.6
164.4
17.0
30.6
15.3
25.9
11.8
14.7
147.8
80.2

_
_
_
-

23.2
143.7
105.4
282.3
19.5
233.1

23.1
144.4
106.5
281.2
19.3
232.5

23.6
140.5
103.0
279.8
19.3
231.7

23.9
140.9
103.9
281.4
19.2
233.4

1,032.2
55.5
25.4
30.1
102.5
56.2
32.7
94.3
21.8
14.7
16.6

1,036.5
55.9
25.7
30.2
102.2
56.3
32.3
95.4
22.0
15.0
16.7

1,033.8
56.7
27.7
29.0
98.3
54.1
31.2
99.3
24.0
17.0
15.5

1,034.8
57.0
27.7
29.3
97.5
53.8
30.8
99.3
23.6
16.9
15.4

Mar.
2000P

_
-

1,676.4
_
_
_
_
_
-

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

114.6
71.3
43.3
21.7
7.8
193.2
17.4
43.5

Mar.
2000P

_
_
-

1,345.6 1,342.1
57.0
12.4
44.6
_
71.2
51.0
152.3
61.8
8.3
23.2
_
22.1
24.0
239.5
_
24.0
10.1
_
126.8
37.1
_
14.4
_
88.3
7.7
11.2
14.7
_
164.2
_
16.8
30.7
_
15.1
_
26.1
_
11.7
_
14.3
_
150.8
83.2
_
_
_
_
_
1,039.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

177.6
19.3
60.1
19.8
21.1
80.2
54.3
273.7
122.5
635.4
19.7
267.0
144.1
142.4
25.7
62.7

177.8
19.3
59.9
19.8
21.0
80.1
53.7
273.4
121.1
636.9
19.8
266.9
143.8
142.8
25.8
62.9

174.7
19.1
56.5
20.0
20.6
82.3
53.4
277.7
123.8
646.7
19.5
271.9
144.1
140.4
25.6
61.2

175.5
19.1
56.7
20.0
21.0
82.7
53.6
278.2
124.4
650.8
19.2
273.4
144.9
140.4
25.5
61.3

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

1,866.7
986.2
336.3
43.9
544.9
40.2
509.9
260.9
100.5
148.5
167.9
105.7
62.2
36.6
87.7
60.2
56.3
22.4

1,874.4
994.1
340.7
44.5
547.5
40.2
509.7
257.6
103.4
148.7
168.3
105.2
63.1
36.9
86.1
59.6
57.0
22.8

1,836.0
1,005.6
339.4
46.3
556.4
42.3
464.7
234.5
97.0
133.2
165.6
98.4
67.2
32.3
87.6
61.2
57.2
23.2

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

846.8
157.9
295.5
38.6
65.9
73.1
276.8
111.1
95.1
34.2
75.8
6.6

843.1
156.9
293.9
38.5
65.6
72.7
276.9
111.1
95.3
34.0
75.0
6.4

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

382.3
50.3
37.0
16.2
98.7
30.6
68.1
29.8
20.6
11.3
166.7
74.8

383.8
50.3
37.2
16.2
99.5
30.6
68.9
29.9
20.6
11.3
167.3
74.6

Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

See footnotes at end of table.




68

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

_
_
652.7
_
_
_
-

127.4
15.5
40.0
14.8
15.7
51.0
31.7
123.5
52.8
376.4
14.4
114.1
97.6
101.6
20.1
48.3

127.8
15.6
40.0
14.8
15.7
51.7
31.7
123.4
54.4
378.6
14.6
115.0
97.1
101.5
20.1
48.1

125.8
14.3
39.5
15.1
14.9
53.9
32.0
119.2
53.0
380.0
14.9
112.1
98.6
100.6
20.7
46.5

126.1
14.4
39.6
15.1
15.2
53.7
32.1
117.8
52.2
382.6
14.7
112.9
99.5
100.8
20.7
46.8

1,823.9
1,009.1
339.5
46.8
558.5
43.0
447.2
217.5
96.7
133.0
167.5
98.8
68.7
32.3
87.4
61.2
57.4
23.5

1,836.9
1,009.2
459.4
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,234.3
747.0
235.1
34.9
427.2
32.2
255.7
109.4
51.1
95.2
126.1
74.3
51.8
25.7
22.9
14.0
41.5
19.0

1,244.2
758.9
242.3
35.5
431.4
31.8
252.8
108.0
50.6
94.2
126.2
73.5
52.7
25.9
22.6
13.9
42.3
19.4

1,222.5
770.7
241.3
36.7
441.6
33.2
223.5
93.4
47.3
82.8
124.2
68.0
56.2
23.0
22.1
13.3
42.9
19.6

1,225.1
773.6
241.6
37.4
442.6
34.0
220.4
90.2
47.6
82.6
126.5
69.2
57.3
23.1
21.9
13.0
43.5
20.1

1,228.5
772.7

828.1
148.6
294.8
38.4
64.4
74.1
275.4
109.9
96.2
32.5
70.4
6.4

828.8
149.1
293.8
37.4
64.4
74.4
276.9
110.4
96.1
32.5
70.0
6.5

830.5
_
-

426.7
43.4
151.2
26.8
33.9
29.1
167.0
72.0
60.0
24.2
35.5
5.4

425.8
43.7
150.5
26.9
33.4
29.0
167.1
71.8
60.2
24.2
35.0
5.3

416.7
37.1
146.9
24.6
32.9
28.2
163.1
70.2
58.5
22.9
41.4
5.3

416.2
36.5
146.6
23.6
33.0
28.6
164.0
70.2
58.9
23.1
40.6
5.4

416.6
-

385.7
48.5
36.3
16.9
102.5
30.6
71.9
29.1
19.2
10.2
169.5
75.8

386.4
48.7
36.5
17.0
102.9
30.9
72.0
29.1
19.4
10.4
169.3
75.7

387.4
_
_
_
_
_
-

264.6
34.2
24.7
13.0
66.4
19.4
47.0
20.7
14.7
7.9
115.6
48.8

266.6
34.3
24.8
13.0
67.3
19.6
47.7
20.7
14.9
8.0
116.4
48.8

265.8
32.5
23.6
13.5
69.2
19.2
50.0
20.0
14.0
7.2
116.6
48.5

266.4
32.6
23.8
13.5
69.5
19.3
50.2
20.0
14.2
7.3
116.6
48.5

267.1
—

Feb.
2000P

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

—
-

—
_
—
-

—

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

SIC
L>ooe

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

Production workers'

All employees

1987
Industry

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

7,453
1,658.8
498.7
151.7
98.1
248.9
138.9
38.6
62.0
206.5
15.7
55.0
44.2
125.3
19.1
39.6
205.6
143.6

7,436
1,654.0
499.3
151.2
98.4
249.7
139.4
38.3
62.1
206.1
15.4
54.6
44.3
124.3
18.9
39.6
204.1
142.8

7,340
1,650.9
499.0
151.7
101.5
245.8
139.6
38.5
62.6
205.9
14.9
56.1
46.6
123.6
18.6
39.6
207.8
145.1

7,338
1,645.0
496.6
150.6
101.3
244.7
139.6
38.3
62.5
204.6
14.6
55.4
47.2
122.8
18.5
39.5
205.8
144.5

7,330
1,641.2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

5,157
1,233.0
425.2
126.5
77.8
220.9
95.8
31.6
36.9
170.6
11.9
44.5
38.0
89.0
11.8
25.9
139.3
86.5

5,144
1,230.0
426.1
126.9
78.1
221.1
96.2
31.4
37.0
170.4
11.9
44.2
37.9
88.8
11.8
26.0
138.4
86.2

5,068
1,227.6
424.5
127.0
80.7
216.8
96.7
31.9
38.0
169.4
11.8
45.2
40.3
86.7
11.1
25.9
145.4
91.7

5,066
1,221.8
421.6
126.2
80.5
214.9
97.2
31.8
38.3
168.2
11.5
44.3
40.9
86.4
11.0
25.9
143.2
91.3

5,061
1,218.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

62.0
94.4
5.4
3.8
8.8
51.0
34.2
180.0
31.7
95.8
175.2

61.3
91.7
5.4
3.8
7.1
50.9
34.3
179.8
31.8
95.7
175.0

62.7
91.9
5.2
3.7
8.9
48.4
34.3
180.7
31.8
97.0
168.1

61.3
90.5
4.9
3.8
8.7
48.0
34.2
181.0
31.7
96.8
169.9

_
_
_
_
_
-

52.8
73.8
4.2
2.9
7.8
40.0
23.6
87.6
19.5
39.5
128.1

52.2
71.4
4.2
3.0
6.1
40.1
23.7
87.2
19.4
39.2
127.8

53.7
72.5
3.8
2.6
7.9
39.1
23.2
88.8
19.5
41.0
120.4

51.9
71.6
3.6
2.8
7.7
39.0
23.2
88.7
19.3
40.7
121.7

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

41.1
25.5

38.1
25.4

39.9
24.4

39.0
23.9

34.3
-

31.6
18.3

28.6
18.4

28.7
16.0

27.9
15.6

23.6
-

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

572.1
66.7
61.2
11.6
21.1
147.8
16.4
35.6
43.0
10.3
21.8
61.8
28.7
19.2
64.3
84.0
60.5
16.8
53.6

569.3
66.9
60.4
11.3
20.9
146.8
16.3
35.6
41.9
9.9
22.2
61.8
28.8
19.1
64.4
83.4
60.0
16.7
53.4

547.2
62.6
58.7
8.7
21.2
135.0
15.9
33.8
35.7
8.8
20.6
59.9
28.3
18.4
66.4
82.0
59.1
16.4
52.7

547.1
61.1
58.7
8.8
21.2
135.3
15.8
34.0
35.7
8.8
20.9
59.3
27.8
18.4
66.9
82.6
59.3
16.7
53.2

547.4
_
_
_

483.7
59.4
52.0
9.7
17.2
124.8
14.1
31.0
36.8
9.1
17.9
51.7
24.4
15.6
53.9
73.8
53.5
14.4
41.2

481.9
59.4
51.2
9.4
17.1
124.0
14.1
31.0
35.9
8.7
18.2
51.7
24.4
15.6
54.2
73.6
53.3
14.4
41.3

462.0
56.1
50.0
7.4
17.2
113.8
13.9
29.2
30.6
7.6
17.1
49.8
23.5
15.1
54.6
72.9
52.8
14.4
40.2

462.1
54.6
50.1
7.4
17.2
114.3
13.9
29.4
30.7
7.7
17.3
49.0
22.8
15.1
55.2
73.4
52.9
14.8
40.9

462.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

701.9
24.4
164.7
31.5
57.2
26.4
208.4
19.5
30.5
16.9
141.5

700.3
24.1
160.6
30.9
55.0
25.9
209.6
19.5
30.9
16.6
142.6

648.7
21.9
146.8
26.1
50.6
24.2
192.8
15.9
29.2
14.5
133.2

651.0
21.8
144.6
25.5
49.4
24.0
195.6
15.8
29.7
14.4
135.7

651.9
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

560.4
19.3
138.0
27.0
49.4
22.7
162.1
14.3
23.1
12.9
111.8

558.6
19.0
133.8
26.5
46.8
22.4
163.5
14.4
23.9
12.2
113.0

514.5
17.5
119.9
21.2
42.9
20.4
149.2
11.3
22.1
10.5
105.3

518.4
17.4
118.2
20.7
42.0
20.2
152.4
11.2
22.6
10.5
108.1

519.8
-

See footnotes at end of table.




69

_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers'

All employees

Mar.
1999

22.6
16.3
6.3
17.1
7.0
23.8
165.5
13.7
45.7
46.3

22.7
16.2
6.5
17.1
7.4
23.3
166.7
13.9
45.7
47.3

19.3
14.1
5.2
16.0
6.7
22.3
158.9
13.6
44.6
44.2

19.2
14.0
5.2
16.3
7.0
22.9
160.4
13.7
44.8
45.5

648.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

501.3
117.2
36.2
166.9
98.4
15.4
37.1
171.7
21.3
30.0
18.5

499.1
116.5
36.2
165.5
97.8
15.4
36.9
171.6
21.3
30.0
18.4

495.4
112.9
35.0
166.4
99.7
15.0
36.4
172.2
19.8
29.9
18.5

494.9
112.1
35.1
166.7
99.8
15.0
36.6
172.2
19.7
30.2
18.6

493.3

1,547.5
443.6
141.3
123.0
85.2
37.8
95.3
573.3
371.6
182.1
38.9
59.3
47.3

1,549.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

832.5
145.8
43.4
58.2
27.8
30.4
45.3
412.3
270.2
126.8
27.8
46.1
32.9

831.2
146.0
43.2
57.2
27.3
29.9
45.3
411.9
269.9
126.6
27.6
46.4
32.9

823.6
148.2
47.0
57.1
27.1
30.0
44.7
405.4
263.8
126.4
25.9
45.1
31.3

824.1
147.1
47.8
56.8
27.2
29.6
45.1
406.7
264.8
126.7
25.9
44.2
31.0

826.5
-

1,029.1
110.3
67.0
148.2
76.6
39.4
295.1
232.0
151.4
40.5
39.2
71.7
54.0
129.6
20.0
107.3
50.5
90.0

1,031.3
110.5
66.9
147.4
76.2
38.9
297.4
234.3
150.8
40.1
39.1
71.6
54.4
129.7
20.0
107.3
50.7
90.4

1,031.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

582.5
61.8
36.6
99.9
47.4
32.7
130.0
104.9
96.2
24.4
22.8
49.0
27.8
78.1
12.9
63.5
31.3
57.4

581.7
60.8
36.7
99.3
47.1
32.3
131.0
106.1
95.8
24.9
22.6
48.3
28.0
77.8
12.6
63.5
31.6
57.4

587.4
59.3
36.7
98.9
46.3
31.4
138.7
112.7
99.6
28.8
22.6
48.2
28.5
76.9
11.8
63.4
30.5
55.0

587.6
59.1
36.9
99.1
46.8
31.1
139.7
113.6
98.2
27.8
22.3
48.1
28.5
77.0
11.8
63.5
30.5
55.5

589.6
—

135.4
93.4
27.2

131.5
90.0
26.7

131.6
89.7
27.0

132.5
-

88.3
61.3
18.9

89.1
60.9
20.1

80.5
53.4
19.4

78.8
51.2
20.0

78.4
-

1,015.4
77.4
5.3
70.8
30.3
111.6
750.3

1,021.7
76.9
5.2
69.8
29.5
111.0
758.8

1,024.3
76.7
5.2
70.2
29.7
111.4
760.8

1,022.7
_
_
_
-

787.5
58.1
4.1
54.3
23.6
85.6
585.4

787.4
57.8
3.9
54.6
24.0
85.5
585.6

797.0
59.1
4.1
53.8
23.2
85.8
594.2

799.9
59.5
4.1
54.3
23.4
86.2
595.8

798.1
-

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

28.3
20.6
7.7
21.4
8.1
30.2
209.0
17.6
54.4
59.6

28.4
20.5
7.9
21.1
8.4
30.0
210.5
17.7
54.4
60.6

24.0
17.7
6.3
19.4
7.8
28.8
200.6
17.1
52.6
57.2

23.9
17.6
6.3
19.6
8.1
29.3
201.5
17.2
52.7
58.6

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

661.9
149.8
47.1
215.7
131.7
17.1
46.1
237.6
45.4
38.6
24.0

659.7
149.3
47.1
214.3
131.1
17.1
45.8
237.3
45.1
38.6
23.9

652.5
144.2
45.4
213.9
132.6
16.6
44.9
237.8
43.9
37.9
24.2

651.2
143.3
45.5
214.1
132.7
16.6
45.1
237.2
43.8
38.1
24.2

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

1,555.0
440.0
139.6
124.8
86.0
38.8
92.5
579.2
378.6
181.1
41.1
61.1
49.1

1,553.7
439.8
140.1
123.3
85.2
38.1
92.6
579.0
378.2
181.3
41.1
61.2
49.2

1,547.4
443.7
141.3
123.1
84.6
38.5
94.3
572.4
371.3
181.6
39.1
60.4
47.6

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

1,037.2
112.9
68.9
153.1
78.3
41.3
285.1
224.0
152.6
39.9
40.6
72.1
52.8
136.1
21.6
112.2
51.9
92.7

1,034.6
112.2
68.4
151.6
77.8
40.9
285.2
223.8
151.4
39.4
40.4
71.6
53.0
136.2
21.5
112.4
52.3
92.7

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

134.8
93.8
26.1

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

1,014.4
77.8
5.5
70.3
29.7
111.7
749.1

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

See footnotes at end of table.




Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Feb.
1999

70

Feb.
2000P

_
_
_
_
-

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

-

-

—

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
thousands)
1987
SIC
Code

Industry

londurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

ansportation and public utilities
Transportation

Feb.
1999

17.1
6.6
8.0

16.4
6.4
7.9

8.3

8.2

6.9

7.6

6,661

6,685

6,828

6,830

4,336
232.4
205.5

4,439

4,439

222.3
195.9

221.4
195.1

222.8

491.4
238.6
31.7

501.5
247.5
32.4
28.6
161.2

506.1

27.9
159.0

498.9
246.0
32.2
28.5
161.3

1,749.7 1,758.9
1,573.3 1,582.1
171.1
171.5

1,805.9
1,617.5
182.3

1,799.9
1,611.0
182.7

1,814.0

171.1
15.1
111.7

172.9
15.0
115.3

174.4
15.1
118.5

174.9

41
411
412
413
415

487.5
237.1
31.5
27.4
158.0

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air..
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nee
Water transportation services

44
444
449

Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services

45
451
4512
458

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade

,

Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture

H o m e furnishings

50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023

173.0
15.3
113.9

70.2

Feb.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

50.7

56.3

51.6

9.1
25.6

8.8
22.9

50.5
8.6
22.1

6.3
5.8
4.5

13.9
6.4
6.0
4.6

12.9
5.4
5.8
3.3

12.0
5.3
5.9
3.4

5,538

5,545

5,648

5,657

446.4
214.6

450.4
216.3

459.4
224.1

460.8
225.1

24.2

24.6

25.0

25.1

1,527.4

1,379.7
142.9

1,537.2
1,389.4
143.0

1,578.7
1,421.7
151.6

1,575.9
1,418.0

98.7

96.1

100.6

103.9

56.5
9.1
25.9
14.1

6,867

Mar.
1999

5,690

4,471

152.4

1,202.1 1,206.7 1,258.6 1,260.3 1,268.3
1,020.6 1,025.0 1,070.4 1,071.9
544.4
574.4
545.9
571.3
133
133
138
138
13.8

13.7

12.9

12.8

12.8

11.3

11.3

10.0

9.6

460.4
219.8
173.0
188.9

461.9
221.1
173.5
189.5

467.6
215.9
170.1
200.8

468.4
216.8
170.4
201.2

472.0

376.1
184.0
144.9
149.4

377.3
184.9
145.2
150.1

383.9
180.3
142.1
161.2

384.2
180.2
142.1
162.4

2,345

2,349

2,389

2,391

2,396

1,501.1
1,033.2
872.2
246.4
116.2
130.2
184.9

1,503.5
1,033.9
872.8
246.4
116.1
130.3
186.5

1,550.3

1,555.5

1,562.2

1,113.1
746.5
621.6
201.4

1,099.2
732.0
606.9
200.8

1,115.9
739.7
609.3
202.2

1,124.3
744.7
614.1
202.8

150.2

151.7

158.1

160.0

844.3
360.8
133.3
155.7
161.3

845.8
363.4
132.9
154.8
161.4

838.2
358.1
128.2
150.9
167.4

835.3
358.5
127.8
149.3
165.8

834.0

678.4
292.2
103.6
123.8
132.9

679.5
293.4
103.7
123.2
133.0

669.5
286.2
101.3
119.8
135.9

670.7
286.6
100.9
121.3
135.6

6,882

6,909

7,049

7,062

7,095

5,512

5,538

5,633

5,648

4,080
525.7
155.1
291.6

4,091
526.3

4,187
532.2
162.0
291.1

4,197
532.5
162.9

4,212

3,220
412.5

3,233
412.8

3,308
422.4

3,323
423.0

133.5

134.2

138.7

139.5

167.9
81.0
86.9

155.9
291.5
168.3
80.9
87.4

;ee footnotes at end of table.




Mar.
2000P

69.9
10.7
28.5

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

Feb.
2000P

70.7
10.8
29.3

40
4011

48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484

Jan.
2000

75.4
11.1
32.3
18.3
7.7
8.0

Railroad transportation
Class I railroads plus Amtrak2

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services ....

Mar.
1999

75.9
11.2
32.6
18.5
7.8
8.0

4,316
229.6
204.2

Communications and public utilities

Production workers1

All employees

71

1,066.4 1,069.8
901.0
903.6
249.2
249.1
116.6
116.7
132.6
132.4
196.3
198.1

176.3
85.0
91.3

290.4
177.3
85.8
91.5

5,681

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

266.4
136.7
40.0
962 1
208.8
408.1
199.1
153.1
549.3
233.7
49.7
265.9
305.3
110.7
120.1
833.6
93.3
121.2
331.7
155.9
326.4
118.3

276.7
141.5
42.4
1,009.4
212.5
433.7
211.3
157.8
560.8
244.9
51.1
264.8
310.3
110.1
124.5
840.0
93.5
120.8
332.0
158.8
323.6
121.8

277.4
142.1
42.5
1,012.7
214.0
434.7
212.4
158.2
561.5
246.3
50.4
264.8
310.8
110.0
124.9
842.2
93.4
121.2
333.0
158.6
324.1
122.4

2,802
284.0
168.9
252.0
221.4
925.0
285.4
56.7
104.2
106.7
158.6
154.8
63.4
91.4
156.9
99.3
57.6
542.9
161.0

2,818
284.9
169.0
254.2
223.1
926.3
284.6
57.1
104.4
105.9
159.3
154.1
63.2
90.9
157.1
99.6
57.5
552.7
165.6

2,862
293.9
175.2
267.7
222.5
937.5
288.6
58.1
98.8
106.7
162.9
151.5
62.0
89.5
165.3
102.7
62.6
554.4
158.2

2,865
296.2
177.2
270.2
222.9
932.7
287.7
57.7
98.3
105.0
162.1
151.4
62.2
89.2
165.3
102.9
62.4
559.1
159.4

2,883
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

2,292
235.7
210.0
180.1
774.7
_
86.2
115.6
127.2
126.5
_
435.7
-

2,305
235.8
211.6
181.8
775.9
_
-

22,103

22,174

22,627

22,447

22,557

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093

263.9
135.5
39.7
958.3
207.4
407.3
198.0
153.1
548.4
233.0
49.1
266.3
304.5
110.7
119.7
832.9
92.8
120.3
332.9
156.1
325.6
118.9

51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

uoae

Retail trade

Production workers1

Ail employees
Mar.
2000P

-

_
_
—
—
_
-

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

218.3
_
_
756.4

221.0
_
_
762.6

229.0
_

_
160.5
122.4
401.7
_
_
249.6
_
662.9
_
_

_
161.4
122.4
401.8
-

169.0
126.1
398.4
_
_
253.3
_
670.6
_
_
263.3
-

_
170.0
126.7
399.9
_
253.2
672.0
263.9
-

_
_
_
_
-

85.2
116.5
126.8
_
126.7
_
444.7
-

2,325
242.4
219.3
177.2
785.4
_
86.5
115.8
124.6
132.6
440.9
-

2,325
242.8
220.1
177.7
781.7
85.4
115.1
124.6
132.4
445.5
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

19,377

19,452

19,894

19,705

19,801

262.8
-

250.6
663.5
_
_
_
263.7
-

Jan.
2000

806.5

Feb.
2000P

230.2
_
814.1

_
_

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

923.4
569.0
65.2
164.3
80.6

949.8
582.7
64.9
165.8
91.9

960.9
601.6
67.6
167.3
82.0

961.2
602.3
68.5
164.8
83.1

997.0
_
-

762.1
478.9
48.6
135.5
64.6

787.2
491.7
48.3
136.9
75.4

797.9
511.8
49.8
139.9
65.7

797.1
511.8
49.7
137.4
67.0

-

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,678.3
2,383.4
115.7
179.2

2,688.7
2,396.0
116.4
176.3

2,809.0
2,501.1
117.7
190.2

2,672.3
2,376.7
113.7
181.9

2,659.2
2,363.9
-

2,492.3
2,239.4
99.4
153.5

2,499.8
2,250.4
99.2
150.2

2,635.3
2,364.7
102.3
168.3

2,495.2
2,236.6
98.3
160.3

_
-

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,457.7
3,047.1
46.2
12.5
205.4

3,443.6
3,034.8
46.5
12.2
205.5

3,464.3
3,055.5
43.2
14.3
202.3

3,446.7
3,039.4
42.8
14.4
201.8

3,433.5
-

3,128.8
2,779.9
_
178.1

3,115.4
2,767.8
_
177.8

3,128.0
2,778.3
_
174.9

3,114.0
2,765.1
175.2

—
-

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers

55
551

2,359.7
1,060.7

2,370.0
1,066.7

2,412.4
1,092.5

2,408.8
1,097.8

2,430.5
1,104.8

1,955.3
889.7

1,966.3
895.3

2,003.1
916.4

2,002.2
921.8

_

See footnotes at end of table.




72

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Production workers1

All employees
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

553
554
559

398.5
692.8
10.1

400.6
690.3
10.0

399.9
703.9
9.8

393.4
699.2
9.7

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

1,129.6

1,129.8
78.5

1,187.9
80.8
270.6
411.3
220.8

1,152.9

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
5712
572
573

1,060.2 1,060.6
536.0
535.4
315.5
313.7

1,111.8
561.8
329.0
68.1
481.9
209.5

Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Bookstores '.
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

214.7

267.8
378.6
214.9

Mar.
2000P

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

301.3

305.4
595.5
8.2

317.8

598.2
8.3
1,150.7

943.8
64.5
222.2
336.4
168.6

1,102.2 1,102.8
557.4
329.2
67.8
477.0
206.0
93.0

77.9
266.0
391.3
217.4

595.9

313.8
592.0

8.1

8.0

943.8
63.1
221.1
336.0
169.3

987.2
65.2
222.4
359.4
175.0

952.2
62.7
217.5
339.8
170.6

872.3
435.4

872.5
435.3

923.4
459.9

912.6
455.4

55.6
381.3
161.3
74.4

55.2
382.0
160.9
74.2

55.7
407.8
175.6
81.8

55.2
402.0
172.0
79.7

68.0
457.2
193.5
88.4

58

7,598.6

7,663.1

7,658.1

7,713.8

7,827.6

6,808.2 6,878.3 6,871.4 6,920.7

59

2,895.7
664.8
108.3
123.3
1,017.8
187.9
141.8

2,868.3
665.8
108.5
122.8
1,005.0
186.4
137.2

3,022.5
692.1
110.8
130.2
1,078.4
200.1
150.4

2,955.8

2,414.0
558.2

2,389.0
561.2

2,547.4
602.2

2,511.0
594.7

102.8
852.6

101.9
840.2

108.7
910.0

108.2
871.9

97.5
149.9
229.4

95.6
146.0
229.2

97.2
167.2
239.5

2,988.8
685.1
109.7
130.5
1,039.9
192.3
143.6
98.4
161.1
231.8

47.9
335.7
219.0
67.1
100.0
545.8
167.1
69.9
308.8

48.1
332.2
215.3
66.7

44.7
348.7
233.1

42.9
342.7
226.4

284.3

280.1

297.7

290.7

68.1
101.6
579.3
180.0
73.0
326.3

82.9
445.6

81.6
436.3

83.4
455.6

83.8
472.8

70.6
312.7

67.5
101.3
561.0
158.6
72.6
329.8

54.7
249.1

55.3
253.3

55.8
265.7

56.1
261.1

7,519

7,547

7,623

7,631

7,637

5,512

5,528

5,554

5,559

3,670

3,681

3,714

3,715

3,712

2,043.2
1,464.5
588.7
875.8
256.4
149.5
106.9
182.5

2,045.1
1,463.5
589.8
873.7
257.6
150.5
107.1
183.6

2,037.1
1,456.6
593.0
863.6
250.3
145.6
104.7
189.5

2,032.5
1,452.6
591.3
861.3
248.8
144.8
104.0
190.3

2,033.0 1,467.3 1,469.2
1,453.5 1,035.4 1,034.9

1,464.5

591
592
593

594
5941

5942
5943
5944
5947

5949
596
5961
5962
598
599
5992,3,4

5995
5999

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance

98.6
535.4
152.1

94.6

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions

60
602
6022

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
614
615
616

707.1
190.3
131.2
362.3

711.9
190.0
130.7
367.8

704.8
197.9
133.5
349.9

703.5
197.8
134.8
347.9

694.6

Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exhanges
Security and commodity services

62
621

658.2
490.9

661.0
492.6

702.3
524.1

707.3
527.0

713.0

622,3
628

26.2
141.1

26.1
142.3

25.4
152.8

25.4
154.9

Holding and other investment offices
Holding offices

67
671

261.0
112.1

262.5
113.4

269.6
117.5

271.9
116.6

6021,9
603
6035

6036
606

See footnotes at end of table.




Feb.
2000P

68.4
455.8
194.0
87.6

5731
5735

...

79.9
268.7
378.6

Feb.
1999

Feb.
2000P

73

422.3
613.1

424.1
610.8

1,468.5
1,036.1
426.4
609.7

145.6

146.4

150.4

151.0

485.4
106.7

489.4
106.3

465.8
104.7

463.0
103.5

96.2

96.7

102.8

104.2

1,033.1
424.7
608.4

247.2

338.4

271.4

Mar.
2000P

5,562

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

63,64

2,379

2,388

2,404

2,405

2,405

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

63
631
632
6324
633
636

1,622.1
538.5
364.0
296.6
548.2
94.1

1,627.5
540.2
365.8
298.0
549.5
94.6

1,630.6
545.9
367.7
301.2
558.0
82.0

1,630.0
544.7
368.9
302.0
558.5
80.6

1,628.6

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64

757.1

760.0

773.1

774.8

776.0

65
651
653
655

1,470
575.3
737.7
115.9

1,478
575.8
741.2
119.9

1,505
570.6
775.4
121.5

1,511
573.3
779.1
121.2

1,520

37,981

38,297

38,916

39,326

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Insurance

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers

Services

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

1,237.2
363.5
290.4
240.6
443.7

1,242.6
363.0
292.4
241.9
444.2

1,247.7
373.0
294.8
243.3
450.9

1,251.5
374.4
296.0
244.6
453.5

39,697

33,051

33,342

33,788

34,186

528.3
164.4
319.5

554.5
165.7
344.8

549.4
171.7
335.2

546.0
171.1
332.8

1,446.5

1,462.1

1,445.2

1,457.5

377.2

376.5

380.7

378.4

368.1

368.2

372.1

377.3

230.7

224.6

225.7

245.0

7,708.6
195.4

7,796.0
197.4

8,097.2
206.3

8,135.5
207.9

68.4
851.5
69.5
782.0
199.1
30.0
41.5
127.6

69.4
858.6
71.4
787.2
201.5
30.3
41.2
130.0

70.2
878.9
70.6
808.3
209.5
32.2
41.4
135.9

69.4
883.6
71.5
812.1
211.1
32.5
42.4
136.2

2,705.7
1,391.0
338.2

2,767.0
1,399.6
340.6

2,848.2
1,482.3
349.8

2,839.8
1,490.2
352.3

141.7

141.1

145.6

146.5

83.7
44.6
1,640.5
555.7
52.8

84.1
45.3
1,643.1
556.0
51.9

94.4
45.8
1,716.9
592.0
52.7

95.2
45.6
1,733.2
589.2
52.2

944.4
165.1
108.8
62.9
509.5
186.2
208.7

950.8
166.3
109.9
63.2
511.8
187.4
209.2

972.2
167.5
112.1
64.9
535.8
193.0
226.5

983.6
170.4
113.2
65.7
538.0
192.4
230.3

Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

07
074
078

636.0
195.2
387.1

663.5
196.6
413.8

666.2
203.8
409.9

664.3
203.5
409.0

712.3

Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels

70
701

1,696.5
1,651.8

1,715.4
1,668.3

1,699.4
1,655.4

1,713.3
1,668.3

1,744.0

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services

72
721
722
723
726
729

1,268.8
429.6
46.0
418.8
99.8
260.4

1,260.1
429.2
45.6
417.9
98.8
254.4

1,275.6
433.9
45.9
420.9
99.6
261.1

1,298.0
431.9
45.5
426.9
99.3
280.3

1,296.0

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photofinishing laboratories

73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
736
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384

8,731.3
274.9
179.9
146.6
322.4
82.6
959.5
86.7
872.8
252.2
39.5
49.2
163.5
3,169.1
368.3
2,800.8
1,725.5
395.8
277.8
192.1
271.7
109.6
61.8
1,881.1
602.7
64.3
74.8

8,829.5
277.0
181.8
147.5
321.3
83.8
966.7
89.1
877.6
255.2
39.2
49.1
166.9
3,235.5
371.5
2,864.0
1,738.5
398.8
280.7
192.9
274.4
111.4
62.5
1,887.8
604.3
63.3
75.3

9,184.2
289.6
191.1
154.2
323.5
84.8
986.3
88.8
897.5
262.7
39.3
49.2
174.2
3,350.3
390.1
2,960.2
1,849.8
416.2
316.1
200.4
284.5
125.3
58.8
1,967.8
641.7
62.4
78.6

9,225.9
289.8
191.3
155.8
329.9
84.3
992.0
89.9
902.1
264.9
39.9
50.7
174.3
3,349.7
398.1
2,951.6
1,859.8
417.9
321.9
200.7
283.6
125.2
58.5
1,984.0
636.9
61.7
78.2

9,333.7

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538

1,168.5
203.8
133.6
72.1
651.0
229.5
276.1

1,173.8
204.3
134.4
72.3
652.8
230.8
275.9

1,188.3
207.4
137.2
73.8
670.5
237.3
285.9

1,198.8
210.4
138.3
74.5
671.9
236.6
289.1

See footnotes at end of table.




74

1,005.8

3,424.9
3,017.5
1,869.7

1,198.3

Mar.
2000P

34,524

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

All employees
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

754
7542

241.6
132.1

244.4
134.3

236.6
136.4

242.0
141.4

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

387.4
114.7

389.6
116.0

398.1
119.8

400.9
119.8

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental

78
781
783
784

584.5
261.0
135.8
167.5

582.0
256.0
138.6
167.5

607.2
266.9
141.6
178.2

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

1,456.5
88.2
1,061.5
186.8
269.3

1,514.9
88.0
1,110.1
187.1
281.9

1,503.0
86.4
1,103.2
196.4
280.0

9,893.0
1,839.0
655.7
449.6
165.7
1,748.7
1,338.6
200.1
210.0
3,952.7
3,646.2
81.1
225.4
200.6
647.1

Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

80
Health services
801
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
802
Offices and clinics of dentists
804
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists 8041,2
805
Nursing and personal care facilities
8051
Skilled nursing care facilities
8052
Intermediate care facilities
8059
Nursing and personal care, nee
806
Hospitals
8062
General medical and surgical hospitals
8063
Psychiatric hospitals
8069
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
807
Medical and dental laboratories
808
Home health care services
Legal services

81

986.0

Production workers'
I
Jan.
Feb.
2000P
2000

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

206.9
117.2

209.5
119.1

204.0
121.0

209.5
126.2

-

404.1
-

316.3
-

318.4
-

326.0
-

328.3
-

-

610.9
275.5
137.9
177.0

612.6
_
-

491.5
220.3
_
135.3

489.9
217.1
_
134.9

512.6
226.7
_
144.9

516.9
236.4
_
143.1

_
_
-

1,544.7
87.4
1,128.5
199.0
283.2

1,601.0
_
_
-

1,250.8
78.7
912.6
166.1
229.6

1,305.1
78.7
957.5
166.4
240.1

1,288.1
76.5
947.7
175.2
237.7

1,326.3
77.8
970.6
177.4
240.1

9,918.8 10024.8 10031.5 10057 0
1,845.7 1,891.0 1,893.1 1,903.4
670.7
660.0
672.2
_
449.7
453.8
455.2
_
165.7
167.1
165.5
1,750.2 1,754.3 1,755.2 1,759.7
_
1,340.0 1,341.4 1,342.0
201.4
202.2
202.5
_
210.7
210.7
208.8
3,957.9 3,984.4 3,982.9 3,986.9
3,650.2 3,669.8 3,667.3
_
82.0
83.6
84.0
_
225.7
231.6
231.0
204.7
200.9
204.3
651.4
650.6
652.3
652.0

8,757.7
1,511.7
572.6
374.6
_
1,570.3
_
179.2
_
3,620.9
_
_
594.5

8,786.0
1,5189
576.9
375.1
_
1,572.2
_
180.4
_
3.627.2
_
_
600.3

8,880.0
1,561.8
588.3
378.4

_
_
597.3

8,892.7
1,563.3
587.6
380.6
_
1,574.9
_
180.1
3,654.1
_
599.7

-

788.1

790.8

806.1

804.0

-

989.5

1,010.5

Feb.
2000P

1,008.1

Mar.
2000P

-

1,009.5

1,575.7
_
179.7
_
3,649.4
_

_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

2,474.8
670.9
336.4
585.4
694.4
187.7

_
_
_
-

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools

82
821
822
824

2,369.6
693.3
1,386.1
93.3

2,385.8
697.0
1,395.1
92.4

2,243.9
717.0
1,224.5
96.8

2,437.3
727.9
1,392.2
101.8

2,468.5
_
-

_
_
-

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

2,729.1
737.4
371.1
636.5
764.5
219.6

2,752.4
743.8
375.6
642.2
768.5
222.3

2,848.0
769.2
389.7
660.2
797.7
231.2

2,871.7
775.0
392.7
667.2
803.6
233.2

2,900.4
_
678.0
807.8
-

2,359.8
640.3
320.8
560.3
661.3
177.1

2,381.5
646.3
324.6
565.7
665.5
179.4

2,455.1

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens

84

86.2

88.9

87.8

87.4

91.1

-

-

-

-

-

Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
862
863
864

2,366.3
109.4
63.1
146.2
448.5

2,378.7
110.0
64.1
151.4
454.0

2,382.2
111.8
67.5
141.1
454.2

2,396.5
111.6
67.8
144.7
464.1

2,405.5
_
_
-

_
_
45.9
_
-

_
46.6
_
-

_
49.2
_
-

_
_
49.2
_
-

_
_
_
_
-

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872

3,329.1
917.5
692.7
164.8
60.0
678.3

3,361.5
923.3
697.3
165.8
60.2
682.5

3,499.9
959.9
725.7
171.5
62.7
684.6

3,539.5
963.5
729.1
171.4
63.0
704.4

3,567.6
968.2
_
_
-

2,513.8
749.7
572.6
128.8
48.3
475.4

2,535.8
755.0
576.8
129.5
48.7
478.1

2,622.3
785.2
600.6
134.6
50.0
479.7

2,661.5
788.4
603.5
134.7
50.2
502.3

_
_
_
_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




75

OOO.3

333.6
579.4
689.8
186.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
Services, nee

1987
SIC
Code

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

873

629.9

8731

238.3
145.6

638.0
239.4

8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
89

Government
Federal Government

4

4

Production workers1

All employees
Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

661.1
248.1
154.0
155.6
1,210.5
402.8

417.0
46.5

653.7
249.1
150.0
151.5
1,201.7
398.8
447.6
50.1

54.7

54.7

59.2

59.5

58.2

20,357

20,482

20,282

20,693

20,933

2,697

2,697

2,644

2,689

2,799

1,938.8

146.4
1,103.4
364.8
411.0
45.8

148.6
149.9
1,117.7

369.0

Mar.
2000P

1,219.1

450.1
51.3

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial

2,635.5
645.3
872.9
1,117.3
30.2
31.2

2,635.3 2,582.4
645.2
872.3
1,117.8
30.2
31.3

625.8
863.7
1,092.9
30.1
31.4

Federal Government, except Postal Service

1,824.0

1,824.5

1,780.2

1,827.4

3731

48.0
21.2

47.9
21.1

45.9
20.4

45.8
20.3

806

13.4
340.7
220.7

13.3
340.7
220.1

13.4
338.7
216.5

13.4
338.1
216.4

4,765
87.0
52.1

4,800
87.1
52.0
2,809.1

4,643
87.0
52.5
2,626.2
345.2
1,908.7
211.4

4,823
86.8
52.9
2,800.0
345.3

161.5

161.8

160.9

163.6

1,847.3
2,707.9

1,852.2
2,714.3

1,876.9
2,733.9

1,882.8
2,742.9

12,895
451.3

12,985
452.2

8,695.2 8,765.2
642.9
642.2
7,526.9 7,592.4
140.4
140.5

12,995
462.1
8,717.7
650.6
7,523.8
140.2

13,181 13,280
461.9
8,894.8
651.0
7,697.6 7,759.2
140.4

389.5

403.1

Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Construction
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
State government, except education
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Services
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government, except education

2,778.6
806
82

806
82

349.7
349.0
2,057.1 2,086.1
211.5
211.0

385.6
3,748.3
5,367.9

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

476.1
161.7
119.3
114.7
812.6
269.3
298.9
30.2

477.9
156.2
123.0
117.7
824.8
273.2
303.9
30.5

472.0
146.3
123.8
118.4
885.4
296.2
324.1
32.7

479.6
145.6
128.1
122.0
891.2
298.0
325.8
33.6

42.9

43.3

46.6

46.3

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

4,854

2,079.6 2,109.7
211.5

2,744.7

405.8

3,767.3 3,814.8 3,823.9
5,392.3 5,470.8 5,483.0 5,520.8

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million
or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
3
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian




Feb.
1999

employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and the National
Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to revision.

76

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Dec.
1996

Jan.
1999

Nov.
1999

Dec.
1999

Jan.
2000

62,308

60,997

63,513

63,716

62,425

50,825

49,756

51,739

51,958

50,884

6,686

6,616

6,638

6,622

6,568

82

81

74

74

72

675

664

714

710

701

5,929

5,871

5,850

5,838

5,795

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

2,948
146.6
170.4
104.2
103.0
338.5
472.6
685.9
407.8
351.3
167.9

2,930
145.3
169.3
103.2
102.5
338.4
467.5
679.7
407.8
351.6
165.1

2,933
152.0
174.8
102.6
100.6
340.3
466.1
677.1
400.6
346.6
172.2

2,937
151.0
175.4
102.7
100.8
340.5
468.8
679.7
402.3
346.3
169.6

2,927
150.3
174.7
102.1
100.1
339.3
468.7
677.5
401.6
345.3
167.3

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

2,981
555.7
13.8
270.9
525.4
161.3
706.6
334.5
24.1
346.6
41.9

2,941
543.2
13.9
266.8
514.4
160.1
699.0
332.0
23.8
347.6
40.6

2,917
562.4
13.3
255.2
474.7
160.8
700.4
337.0
23.2
351.3
38.4

2,901
553.3
13.9
254.5
469.9
160.9
700.4
335.8
23.4
350.8
37.7

2,868
540.0
13.1
252.9
461.3
160.5
696.4
333.4
23.6
349.7
37.4

55,622

54,381

56,875

57,094

55,857

Transportation and public utilities

2,050

2,024

2,132

2,144

2,123

Wholesale trade

2,130

2,108

2,192

2,195

2,180

12,336

11,679

12,291

12,498

11,855

4,722

4,718

4,781

4,793

4,773

Services

22,901

22,611

23,705

23,706

23,385

Government
Federal
State
Local

11,483
1,162
2,442
7,879

11,241
1,131
2,360
7,750

11,774
1,128
2,520
8,126

11,758
1,147
2,496
8,115

11,541
1,135
2,406
8,000

Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to
revision.

77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

1,895.4
473.8
177.0
224.9
162.4
82.1

1,928.4
485.0
181.5
226.4
166.8
82.6

1,935.6
488.1
182.5
227.3
167.4
83.5

10.2
2.5
( )
(1)
(1)
3.1

2.8

261.6
125.3

261.8
128.2

265.4
128.7

9.9
2.9

9.0
2.5

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

2,128.7
1,502.6
330.3

2,199.7
1,549.1
346.8

2,227.8
1,569.9
351.0

12.5
5.2
2.1

9.9
2.8
1.8

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale- Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,121.9
143.2
97.7
308.9
36.2

1,139.2
148.4
101.2
312.8
36.3

1,149.2
149.6
101.1
312.4
36.8

13,697.4
183.9
276.6
3,956.4
135.6
985.8
1,322.0
911.0
671.0
121.8
1,126.8
1,023.7
954.9
155.8
174.9
171.2
158.7
256.1

14,051.6
191.1
286.9
4,008.3
141.1
1,011.3
1,359.4
959.1
691.8
126.4
1,160.2
1,048.7
971.8
158.7
179.8
177.2
164.3
266.0

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

2,090.4
167.5
227.9
1,110.8

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage

1

February
2000P

2.8

104.2
29.3
6.6
18.4
8.8
5.8

104.4
29.9
6.7
18.6
8.6
5.8

9.3
2.6

10.2
5.5

11.0
6.1

11.0
6.0

9.9
2.8
1.8

147.8
108.7
20.2

156.4
114.4
22.1

156.3
114.7
22.2

3.1

49.0
5.9
4.0
15.0
.8

49.8
5.9
4.0
15.0
.9

1

( )
(1)
(1)

( )
(1)
(1)

January
2000

100.6
28.4
6.4
17.8
8.4
5.5

9.3
2.1

9.3
2.1
1

February
1999

.7

(1)
(1)

<;>
(1)

<;>
(1)

47.2
5.4
3.8
14.9
.9

14,142.7
189.9
288.0
4,046.2
140.8
1,012.3
1,364.7
961.0
696.8
127.6
1,161.7
1,051.5
974.9
160.5
180.8
177.8
165.6
266.2

23.6
7.9
.3
4.5
2
( )
2.5
.7
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.5
.1
.9
.4
.1
.5
1.1

23.4
8.2
.4
4.2
2
( )
2.4
.6
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.4
.1
.8
.4
.1
.5
1.1

23.3
8.1
.4
4.2
2
( )
2.4
.6
1.0
.2
.1
.3
.4
.1
.8
.4
.1
.5
1.1

624.6
9.4
14.4
119.4
8.3
55.1
68.6
65.4
38.0
5.7
62.7
38.4
42.0
7.2
10.5
8.7
10.7
13.3

686.2
9.6
15.8
125.0
9.3
60.6
76.3
73.6
43.4
6.4
68.1
43.5
45.4
7.8
12.0
10.1
12.1
14.8

683.4
9.4
15.5
125.8
9.3
59.4
75.8
73.2
42.8
6.1
67.3
43.1
45.1
7.7
11.7
9.8
12.1
14.3

2,159.1
171.1
234.2
1,144.1

2,170.3
173.3
236.0
1,151.7

13.4
(1)
1
( )
6.4

12.8

(M
(1)

12.8
<1)
1
( )
5.6

133.1
7.4
12.6
71.4

151.8
8.0
14.1
81.1

155.4
7.9
14.4
83.6

1,640.0
184.0
87.1
606.5
255.8
136.9
204.7
84.8

1,659.7
185.1
88.4
603.1
255.4
138.1
209.5
87.0

1,663.2
185.6
88.4
609.1
256.6
138.7
208.3
86.5

.7

54.6
6.0
3.7
18.5
8.8
4.6
5.7
3.0

57.4
6.1
3.9
20.4
8.9
4.7
6.0
3.2

56.4
6.0
3.8
20.2
8.7
4.7
6.1
3.2

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

398.4
53.8
312.6

407.6
55.5
317.0

410.3
55.3
320.1

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

22.3
2.3
16.4

23.0
2.5
16.7

22.5
2.3
16.3

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

610.6
2,566.1

610.2
2,636.1

616.4
2,648.3

.1
1.1

.1
1.1

.1
1.2

8.4
130.0

9.0
138.1

9.0
138.1

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater...
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

6,807.9
156.7
656.0
163.8
117.2
531.8
179.0
182.4
984.6
861.9
153.8
261.1
155.7
1,144.0
472.7

7,014.0
158.5
669.8
167.5
118.5
542.2
183.2
188.3
1,000.5
900.6
158.5
273.5
157.9
1,181.8
486.1

7,084.4
160.9
675.2
169.1
120.8
548.3
184.4
189.2
1,005.2
911.9
159.4
275.6
160.0
1,193.1
491.7

6.2

359.0
8.2
35.9
14.8
4.4
28.7
9.9
9.8
34.4
47.4
11.0
14.1
6.4
55.0
26.9

370.1
8.2
37.0
15.5
4.8
28.5
9.8
10.8
35.3
50.1
11.0
14.9
6.5
55.6
27.6

372.6
8.1
37.7
15.5
4.8
29.0
9.8
10.7
35.7
50.3
10.9
15.0
6.4
55.9
27.6

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

See footnotes at end of table.




78

3.0
(1)

3.1
(1)

(1)
.7

.7

5.6
.7

.7

(M
( 11 )
( )
<;>
O
2

(M
<11)
()
(!)

()

o(2)

O
(2)

6.1

6.2
(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)

<2>

.3

.3

.3

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

2.6

2.6

2.6
(2)

.2

.2

.2
(2)
(2)
(2)

.4
(2)

(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(!)

(2)

(2)

.4

.4
(2)

(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry - - Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
February

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

51.0
35.7
26.7
18.4
12.9

366.2
50.9
35.0
25.9
18.9
13.2

364.9
51.1
34.8
25.8
19.1
13.2

92.4
30.6
4.3
12.7
7.1
2.5

95.5
31.5
4.5
13.3
7.5
2.4

95.7
31.7
4.5
13.2
7.6
2.4

433.7
114.9
35.8
58.3
36.9
18.5

449.1
120.4
36.9
59.0
38.4
19.2

449.6
120.6
36.9
59.4
38.5
19.2

Alaska
Anchorage

13.6
1.9

10.3
2.0

11.9
2.0

23.8
12.8

24.6
13.8

24.7
13.8

52.6
29.8

53.8
30.3

53.4
30.1

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

209.5
164.8
28.5

212.5
164.3
32.6

212.6
164.1
32.7

100.6
76.8
11.7

105.4
81.1
12.2

105.6
81.3
12.2

501.9
358.5

521.7
372.6

69.1

72.9

523.4
374.1
73.0

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdaie-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

250.8
34.0
27.7
33.0
8.4

253.0
35.0
29.1
33.0
8.7

254.2
35.1
29.1
32.7
8.8

67.8
10.2
6.4
21.0
1.8

69.4
10.6
6.7
21.5
1.8

69.6
10.7
6.7
21.5
1.8

253.9

261.4
42.7
20.3
71.9
7.1

261.5
42.4
20.2

1,902.5

1,900.8
10.2
29.3
633.0
23.2

1,906.3
10.1
29.1

699.3

725.9

10.9

3,116.9
42.7
66.3

634.8
23.1

117.6

117.4
230.8
121.1
47.8
10.3

229.1
5.1
63.0
47.5
47.0
27.3
5.2
50.3
80.3
27.8
5.0
6.1
12.2
5.8
11.1

11.2
13.6
237.1
5.6
65.7
48.6
50.0
27.5
5.3
52.9
82.1
28.6
4.8
6.7
12.5
5.7
12.0

728.6
11.1
13.5

239.2
5.6
65.7
49.0
50.2
27.6

34.7
224.1
325.6
225.8
140.1

3,208.2
44.8
68.5
887.4
36.3
230.9
334.3
235.1
145.2
33.2
258.2
221.7
191.3

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

9.7
29.4
644.9
24.2
115.7
228.4
114.8
46.6

9.6
127.0
75.2
250.3
16.8
28.6

229.9
120.8
47.5
10.1
128.6
74.2
244.7
15.6

41.4
62.3

141.2
5.4
13.4
101.4

495.4
34.5
49.6

514.5
35.3
52.0

513.5
35.6
52.0

261.9

268.8

269.7

16.3
7.2
10.3
4.1

78.8
7.3
2.8
27.0
16.4
7.2
10.3
4.1

350.1
40.9
20.7
121.5
52.9
26.5
43.7
17.7

358.3
41.7
21.0
122.2
53.1
27.2
45.1
16.6

353.8
41.3
20.6
121.0
53.1
27.0
43.8
18.2

16.6
2.0
14.4

17.4
2.1
14.4

17.7
2.0
14.7

84.6
12.0
63.1

89.3
13.0
65.4

12.9
64.8

12.0
98.7

17.7
121.8

17.8
128.7

17.9
128.9

46.2
465.5

46.9
478.8

47.0
475.2

488.5
12.5
36.4
7.1

347.3
5.5
32.3
7.8
2.3
37.4
9.1
5.4
87.7
43.8
7.5
5.5

356.0
6.0
33.6

356.9
6.0
33.7
8.1
2.5
37.9
9.3
6.2
89.1
45.5
8.0
5.3
3.7
54.2
16.3

1,708.2
43.0

1,739.3
42.6

183.9

185.4
47.3
24.3
130.7

1,749.0
43.4
186.0
47.7
24.5
131.2
53.1
46.7
261.0

21.5
19.1
37.7

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

203.7
32.9
27.5
90.6

202.7
32.5
28.4
89.4

203.0
32.5
28.6
89.2

137.6
4.4
13.3

141.4
5.4

97.2

100.8

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

271.1
38.4
19.2
92.7
40.3
23.9
26.0
17.7

266.2
37.5
19.0
89.6
40.0
23.7
25.4
18.2

265.8
37.4
19.0
89.8
40.1
23.7
25.2
18.2

77.5
7.4
2.8
26.8
16.6
7.1
10.4
3.9

78.9
7.3
2.9
27.0

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

59.6
6.3
45.6

58.0

59.5

6.2
43.7

44.8

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

11.9
98.1

12.1
99.1

491.4
12.1
37.7

486.7
12.6
36.1
7.1
5.4
39.3
20.6
25.6
68.7
53.2
9.3
22.1
4.6
89.7
34.0

6.9

6.2

5.4
39.2
20.6
25.6
69.4
53.5
9.4
22.1
4.5
90.0
34.2

See footnotes at end of table.




79

7.1

59.9

129.0
74.2
244.4

13.0

15.5
30.0
22.3
20.5
39.1

5.6
39.1
20.9
26.4
70.6
54.0
9.9
21.7
4.8
89.1
33.8

71.6
3,205.1
44.4
68.0
888.8
35.9
228.4
333.5
233.6
145.8
33.3
257.0
220.5
191.6
39.4
42.8
42.0
41.3
62.4

29.8
22.1
20.4
39.4

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

40.8
19.3
70.6
7.0

3.9
53.2
16.0

13.6

8.2
2.5
38.0
9.3
6.1
88.8
45.4
8.0
5.3
3.7
53.8

16.4

5.3
52.3
82.0
28.7
4.8

6.6
12.5
6.0
12.1

31.6
249.1
210.9
186.9
37.3
41.3
40.6
39.3

46.7
24.0
129.3
50.4
44.5
256.8
210.7
37.4
60.5
30.9
262.1
119.8

39.6
42.7
42.2

52.6
46.6
261.5
221.0
38.6
63.0
31.4
264.5
123.1

222.9
38.9
63.5
31.8
266.2
124.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estatei

Services

Government

State and area
February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

89.9
37.1
5.0
10.1
10.5
2.5

92.9
39.1
5.0
10.5
10.9
2.6

92.8
39.4
5.1
10.5
10.8
2.6

445.9
140.7
49.5
63.6
44.1
14.5

457.0
142.5
53.5
63.9
44.9
14.5

461.8
143.6
54.2
64.0
45.4
14.9

353.1
68.6
40.3
35.7
37.0
22.6

354.2
69.2
40.0
35.4
37.4
22.1

357.1
69.7
40.3
35.8
37.4
22.6

Alaska
Anchorage

12.3
7.6

12.5
7.6

12.4
7.6

65.3
35.8

67.9
37.6

68.2
37.8

73.9
29.0

72.7
28.3

74.5
28.8

136.1
115.9
12.6

143.5
122.1
13.5

144.5
123.2
13.5

658.8
480.0
110.8

697.0
505.6
117.0

709.5
515.9
118.4

361.5
192.7
75.3

353.3
186.2
74.7

366.0
193.8
77.2

45.0
5.3
3.1
18.0
1.2

46.4
5.5
3.2
18.4
1.2

46.5
5.5
3.2
18.4
1.2

264.8
28.0
26.3
91.0
8.6

267.5
29.8
26.7
92.9
8.7

271.7
30.1
26.6
92.2
8.8

189.4
19.5
10.4
60.4
8.3

189.4
18.9
10.5
60.1
8.0

192.8
19.9
10.6
61.0
8.2

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

815.9
7.3
13.9
231.8
4.5
56.9
103.8
31.7
50.2
6.3
68.2
108.4
32.3
7.4
10.4
8.4
6.2
14.8

824.1
7.2
14.4
234.8
4.5
56.3
106.2
32.3
50.7
6.5
68.3
106.9
33.1
7.7
10.1
8.6
6.6
14.8

826.8
7.2
14.5
235.9
4.5
55.9
106.4
32.3
51.1
6.5
68.6
106.6
33.2
7.7
10.2
8.6
6.7
14.8

4,279.3
45.9
71.0
1,300.3
35.2
294.5
405.7
243.5
189.5
33.8
368.5
384.6
324.3
48.3
50.3
44.0
43.9
74.0

4,413.0
48.2
74.9
1,311.4
37.0
305.1
419.7
258.6
198.1
35.3
380.7
391.8
335.9
49.9
51.0
45.1
44.2
77.3

4,468.2
48.1
75.5
1,335.4
36.9
306.2
422.2
260.8
200.7
35.5
381.6
395.7
338.6
51.1
51.2
45.7
44.5
77.6

2,235.3
50.1
68.3
556.6
23.6
174.0
141.7
181.8
179.1
29.5
200.7
125.4
91.2
32.9
27.3
35.7
33.2
44.2

2,270.0
51.7
70.0
575.4
25.2
172.7
143.8
187.7
179.2
29.5
203.1
128.1
92.7
32.5
27.1
36.5
33.4
44.3

2,301.0
51.5
71.5
582.1
25.5
176.9
146.4
188.8
180.8
30.5
205.6
129.0
93.2
33.5
27.9
36.8
34.0
44.8

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

140.4
6.7
13.5
91.4

143.0
6.7
13.9
92.6

142.5
6.7
14.0
92.1

636.8
54.5
74.4
342.0

667.4
57.1
75.8
356.0

666.9
57.5
76.4
356.7

330.0
27.1
37.0
149.9

325.5
26.1
36.4
149.8

335.0
27.7
37.2
153.4

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

139.0
11.2
5.1
72.7
12.9
3.7
26.0
3.6

140.9
11.7
5.6
73.6
12.6
3.8
27.7
4.0

140.4
11.7
5.6
73.3
12.4
3.8
27.7
4.0

510.8
58.9
24.4
176.6
91.5
34.6
74.6
25.8

522.0
59.4
25.3
177.8
92.2
34.9
77.0
25.8

525.1
60.2
25.5
180.4
93.0
35.4
77.0
25.7

236.2
21.2
11.2
97.7
32.8
36.5
18.3
13.1

235.3
21.4
10.7
92.5
32.3
36.6
18.0
13.1

242.2
21.7
11.1
97.4
32.9
36.9
18.2
13.1

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

48.6
2.2
42.6

50.0
2.1
44.0

50.2
2.0
44.4

112.2
13.4
91.1

115.3
14.2
93.5

116.3
14.7
94.6

54.4
15.6
39.2

54.5
15.4
39.1

55.4
15.2
40.3

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

31.9
145.0

31.3
146.1

31.5
146.6

273.8
1,017.0

272.2
1,054.3

278.5
1,068.5

220.6
587.6

220.8
589.9

220.4
591.1

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater...
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

444.7
6.9
49.3
9.5
5.2
57.0
8.4
6.4
66.8
54.5
6.0
11.9
6.6
84.3
33.8

456.2
6.8
50.1
9.8
5.3
57.1
8.5
6.2
68.5
60.0
6.3
12.0
6.9
85.6
34.0

456.7
6.8
50.3
9.9
5.3
56.9
8.5
6.3
68.7
60.0
6.3
12.0
6.9
86.3
33.8

2,473.1
57.1
231.3
51.5
36.3
173.0
51.2
65.2
328.5
361.2
52.6
122.8
42.6
463.3
186.2

2,615.6
58.5
240.8
52.9
37.3
182.9
53.1
67.6
335.7
379.2
56.0
132.3
44.6
494.7
195.8

2,658.4
59.8
243.7
53.6
37.7
186.7
53.8
68.4
340.0
385.9
56.4
133.4
45.2
500.1
199.1

978.0
23.9
85.4
26.4
39.4
66.9
26.5
24.7
139.5
89.8
29.2
24.4
60.2
136.6
56.2

984.0
23.8
86.6
26.5
38.9
65.3
26.7
25.4
141.7
91.3
29.1
23.8
59.9
137.5
55.2

996.1
24.3
87.2
27.0
40.6
67.0
26.7
25.3
141.0
93.3
29.3
24.2
61.2
140.0
56.6

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa

Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

See footnotes at end of table.




80

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

(1

(1)

(1)

189.4
3.6
2.8
107.4
12.8
5.4
6.3
8.1

538.7
402.5

(1)
(1

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

20.9
15.7

22.3
15.4

22.4
15.5

536.5
211.8

540.9
214.0

2.4

(1

28.8
13.3

32.9
14.7

32.7
14.7

5,821.4
87.0
100.1
4,094.7
179.4
58.3
42.1
170.7
175.9
112.0

5,843.3
88.0
95.9
4,118.0
180.2
58.0
42.5
173.0
176.7
112.3

5,878.8
89.4
101.2
4,141.8
180.1
57.9
42.7
172.4
176.8
112.5

10.3
(1)
(1)
1.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
< )
(1)

216.5
2.7
3.1
151.7
7.5
3.6
1.8
6.8
6.1
4.3

223.4
3.0
3.2
157.0
8.1
3.1
1.8
7.0
6.4
4.3

223.4
2.9
3.2
158.5
8.0
3.1
1.8
7.1
6.4
4.4

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

2,903.2
65.6
120.7
155.4
270.3
263.5
846.2
51.0
95.3
58.8
134.6
67.2

2,940.4
66.6
125.9
158.4
271.7
266.2 864.5
53.1
96.8
59.3
133.9
67.7

2,950.7
67.5
126.6
159.0
272.0
267.2
869.1
53.5
98.5
59.7
134.5
68.6

5.9

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

132.7
2.5
4.3
10.1
12.2
16.2
42.9
1.7
3.5
2.2
6.7
2.9

130.8
2.9
5.0
9.9
12.0
14.8
46.5
1.6
3.5
2.3
6.3
2.9

132.5
2.9
5.0
9.8
12.0
15.1
47.0
1.7
3.5
2.4
6.4
3.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
DesMoines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,430.4
119.0
279.5
51.0
69.0
65.1
71.4

1,447.2
121.2
280.8
51.5
72.1
66.2
72.0

1,451.5
121.4
281.0
51.5
71.7
66.4
72.5

1.9

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

53.2
5.6
11.8
1.5
2.3
2.4
2.3

55.2
5.8
11.6
1.5
2.2
2.7
2.3

55.2
5.6
11.4
1.4
2.1
2.7
2.4

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,308.3
48.1
100.2
283.7

1,324.7
47.9
98.8
283.1

1,329.9
48.5
99.5
283.7

6.4

(])
(1 1.1

0) 1.0

1.0

58.7
2.1
4.5
14.1

63.6
2.2
4.4
14.5

63.2
2.1
4.3
14.6

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,749.8
279.5
564.9
43.7

1,783.9
281.5
579.3
44.7

1,793.3
285.6
580.3
44.8

21.7
.3
.6
.2

21.1
.2
.6
.2

21.1
.2
.6
.2

77.9
13.2
28.0
3.3

82.1
13.7
29.4
3.2

80.7
13.8
29.1
3.3

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

1,881.4
56.6
295.1
76.1
160.7
87.7
70.1
618.8
171.0

1,882.3
57.8
303.3
75.5
161.9
88.6
72.2
618.2
174.2

1,893.6
58.2
306.0
75.6
162.5
89.0
72.7
617.5
174.4

48.7
.1
.9
5.8
13.1
1.4
.2
14.1
1.9

46.0
.1
1.0
5.8
12.6
1.3
.2
12.7
2.2

45.9
.1
1.0
5.8
12.4
1.4
.2
12.7
2.2

129.3
4.0
35.2
4.3
9.4
11.7
3.7
33.2
9.1

126.7
4.0
37.6
4.3
9.2
11.0
3.8
31.0
9.0

128.3
4.1
38.0
4.3
9.2
11.0
3.8
30.9
9.0

562.0
43.2
142.3

571.7
43.9
147.9

577.8
43.9
147.4

.1

.1
(2) "
2
( )

22.7
1.5
6.2

26.5
1.5
7.0

25.9
1.5
6.8

3,793.2
58.2
73.3
2,086.6
196.3
119.0
149.3
133.9

3,924.8
59.2
73.6
2,176.1
202.6
122.4
152.0
136.6

3,938.8
59.2
74.0
2,186.3
203.3
122.7
151.9
137.1

Hawaii
Honolulu

528.6
396.7

532.6
396.9

Idaho
Boise City

517.3
203.1

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

See footnotes at end of table.




81

7.9

8.0
(2
(1

(2)
(1)
1.8
.3

(1

1.9
.3
(1)

1.0

(1)
1.6
(1)
<;>
(1)
(1>
< >

(M
( )
(M
6.5
(1)
(1)

5.8
(1)
(1)

1.1

(M

(1)
1.0
.7

.8

(M

1.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

6.4

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
6.5

(1)

.1
(2)
(2)

.8

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)

( )
( )
( )
(1)
(2)
1.8

(M 1.0
(1)

( ')
( )

<;>

(2)
(2)

(1)

10.4

10.1

( )
<;>
(1)

1.0

2.4
(1)

1

1.9
.3
(1)

1.0

2.5

(M 1.5

7.9
(2)
(1)

(1)
(1)

196.4
3.9
2.9
114.0
13.2
5.7
7.2
7.7

195.7
3.6
2.8
113.3
13.2
5.3
7.2
7.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
February
1999

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

595.3
8.6
11.7
224.7
28.4
21.9
19.5
17.9

603.1
8.1
12 0
228.1
28.9
21.8
18.5
18.2

604.0
8.1
12.1
227.4
28.8
21.8
18.4
18.1

251.2
3.5
1 8
179.9
16.7
4.3
5.8
8.6

262.2
3.6
1 9
186.5
18.7
4.4
6.0
9.2

262.0
3.6
1 9
186.3
18.8
4.4
6.0
9.3

929.5
13.5
174
543.4
41.3
25.2
33.6
33.8

986.6
13.9
173
573.6
42.9
25.9
34.3
34.9

983.0
14.0
17.4
572.0
43.1
26.2
34.2
35.0

16.1
12.5

165
12.9

16.7
13.0

40 5
31.7

40 9
31.6

40.9
31.8

130.3
94.5

133.6
97.5

133.6
97.5

74.9
36.0

76.6
36.8

76.4
36.8

25.9
10.5

27.0
11.0

27.2
11.2

130.1
48.2

135.3
52.1

135.4
52.0

955.7
9.2
11.7
640.6
30.4
14.3
7.0
34.2
52.4
4.4

947.4
8.9
11.9
632.0
29.7
14.1
7.0
33.3
51.6
4.4

949.1
8.8
12.1
633.2
30.2
14.0
7.0
33.2
51.3
4.4

343.7
2.9
3.4
256.4
10.0
5.4
2.2
9.8
8.7
4.6

345.2
2.9
3.5
255.5
10.2
5.2
2.4
10.1
9.0
4.5

345.8
2.9
3.6
255.6
10.3
5.3
2.3
10.0
8.9
4.5

1,311.2
18.0
21.7
911.2
46.8
12.2
10.9
40.1
36.9
22.2

1,325.0
17.7
21.1
921.4
47.8
12.5
11.3
41.2
37.1
22.4

1,320.3
18.1
21.1
920.0
47.0
12.3
11.3
40.6
36.9
22.2

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Torre Haute

684.5
9.3
62.1
31.4
75.2
49.4
127.1
20.3
22.8
9.5
22.6
12.4

689.5
9.5
65.0
32.2
74.1
48.2
127.8
21.4
23.6
10.1
22.6
12.4

690.5
9.5
65.5
32.1
73.9
48.1
127.9
21.3
23.7
10.1
22.6
12.6

144.5
1.7
3.0
7.3
13.2
14.8
53.9
1.2
2.4
3.5
5.6
2.9

143.5
1.7
3.0
7.3
13.8
14.9
53.8
1.2
2.4
3.6
5.5
2.9

144.6
1.7
3.0
7.4
13.9
14.9
53.9
1.2
2.4
3.3
5.5
3.0

675.3
14.9
22.5
37.8
62.8
61.9
216.1
11.0
19.5
13.3
34.4
18.4

697.9
15.5
23.1
38.8
66.0
63.8
224.2
11.1
19.8
13.3
34.8
19.2

691.3
15.6
23.0
38.7
65.6
63.7
224.0
11.1
20.0
13.3
34.7
19.2

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

259.1
22.4
24.4
12.0
5.4
14.1
14.4

258.4
21.8
23.8
11.5
5.6
13.5
14.3

258.4
21.8
23.4
11.4
5.5
13.8
14.4

70.5
11.6
14.5
1.9
2.2
3.9
2.5

72.3
11.9
14.8
1.7
2.6
3.9
2.5

72.2
11.9
14.9
1.8
2.6
3.9
2.5

343.6
25.2
70.1
12.3
14.4
15.4
17.1

347.5
26.1
73.0
12.8
14.5
16.4
17.2

346.6
25.8
72.8
12.6
14.7
16.3
17.1

215.6
5.5
10.1
75.0

211.1
5.5
9.6
71.9

211.2
5.6
9.7
71.8

76.7
1.4
5.8
11.0

78.6
1.4
5.3
11.4

78.7
1.4
5.3
11.4

313.0
11.8
21.3
62.0

318.5
11.9
21.5
62.8

318.0
12.0
21.6
62.7

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

319.3
48.8
89.0
6.9

322.6
49.3
88.8
6.9

321.7
49.1
88.7
6.9

102.6
11.1
43.6
2.1

106.5
11.6
46.5
2.1

105.9
11.6
46.0
2.1

411.8
62.1
135.6
10.8

423.1
63.7
140.2
11.2

421.3
63.6
139.5
11.1

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
. . .
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

186.8
3.6
24.1
8.4
14.6
11.5
8.1
49.5
19.1

184.6
3.7
24.1
7.9
14.9
11.4
8.1
49.0
18.7

184.2
3.8
24.3
7.8
14.7
11.4
8.2
49.0
18.7

111.8
3.3
13.5
8.3
9.3
4.5
3.8
40.9
8.3

112.0
3.4
14.0
8.4
9.4
4.9
3.8
40.0
8.3

112.7
3.4
14.0
8.5
9.5
5.0
3.8
40.2
8.3

435.3
12.8
68.2
18.0
42.1
18.8
17.0
151.7
38.8

435.1
13.4
70.8
18.3
42.6
18.9
17.5
151.4
39.5

435.0
13.4
70.8
18.2
43.0
18.8
17.4
150.6
39.5

85.7
7.8
14.6

85.7
8.1
15.4

85.3
8.0
15.2

23.4
1.9
6.7

23.3
1.9
6.9

23.3
1.9
6.8

134.8
10.7
39.4

140.1
11.0
40.9

139.2
10.8
40.0

.

Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Boise City
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana . . . .
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee.
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

.

. . .

.

.. .

. . ..

See footnotes at end of table.




82

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry —- Continued
(In thousands)
Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

State and area
February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

200.2
1.8
2.4
136.3
6.2
8.2
9.1
4.6

204.1
1.7
2.4
137.6
6.0
8.1
9.5
4.6

203.5
1.7
2.4
137.0
6.1
8.1
9.4
4.5

1,023.6
14.5
16.8
627.6
49.8
32.2
40.6
39.8

1,069.3
15.3
17.3
665.9
51.6
34.4
41.8
41.3

1,084.2
15.4
17.5
677.0
51.8
34.8
41.9
41.6

596.0
12.7
20.4
265.5
40.8
21.8
33.4
21.1

595.2
12.7
19.8
268.5
41.0
22.1
33.7
20.7

598.5
12.8
19.9
271.4
41.2
22.1
33.8
20.9

Hawaii
Honolulu

35.1
28.1

34.3
27.3

34.2
27.2

172.3
122.7

174.4
123.9

175.7
125.0

113.4
91.5

110.6
88.3

115.2
92.5

Idaho
Boise City

23.3
11.2

23.4
11.5

23.5
11.5

126.8
51.6

134.7
54.4

136.2
55.2

105.0
32.3

104.2
31.3

107.1
32.6

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

404.1
17.8
3.8
313.8
8.0
2.1
1.7
7.8
7.6
7.9

405.5
18.5
3.7
314.4
8.0
2.1
1.8
8,3
7.5
7.7

405.2
18.6
3.8
314.6
8.0
2.0
1.8
8.3
7.5
7.7

1,757.2
20.9
21.4
1,322.6
50.0
14.2
11.6
52.9
46.3
34.8

1,772.4
22.2
21.6
1,352.1
49.6
14.8
11.5
53.1
47.7
35.2

1,787.6
22.4
21.7
1,362.7
49.7
14.8
11.5
53.1
47.7
35.2

822.9
15.5
35.0
496.9
26.7
6.5
6.9
19.1
17.9
33.8

814.0
14.8
30.9
484.0
26.8
6.2
6.7
20.0
17.4
33.8

837.1
15.7
35.7
495.7
26.9
6.4
6.9
20.1
18.1
34.1

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

140.8
2.4
2.9
7.7
14.8
9.1
63.4
1.5
3.6
1.9
6.9
2.4

142.4
2.4
3.1
7.8
14.7
9.3
65.7
1.6
3.9
1.9
6.7
2.3

142.2
2.4
3.1
7.8
14.6
9.3
66.0
1.6
3.9
1.9
6.8
2.4

707.3
13.7
18.1
44.4
64.8
73.5
232.2
8.3
18.6
15.5
44.6
16.1

722.6
14.0
19.0
45.3
64.2
76.6
234.5
9.2
18.9
15.7
44.2
16.0

729.4
14.2
19.1
45.9
64.7
77.0
237.4
9.4
18.7
15.6
44.4
16.1

411.6
21.1
7.8
15.6
27.3
38.6
109.8
7.0
24.9
12.9
13.8
12.1

407.9
20.6
7.7
16.1
26.9
38.6
111.3
7.0
24.7
12.4
13.8
12.0

414.3
21.2
7.9
16.3
27.3
39.1
112.1
7.2
26.3
13.1
14.1
12.2

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

84.0
6.6
40.3
1.9
2.4
2.8
3.1

84.8
7.0
39.3
2.0
2.6
2.9
3.1

84.7
7.0
39.3
1.9
2.7
2.8
3.1

377.1
36.0
81.9
17.5
14.6
18.7
19.0

385.5
36.9
81.5
18.1
16.0
19.0
19.7

388.1
36.9
81.8
18.5
16.2
18.9
19.9

241.1
11.6
36.5
3.9
27.7
7.8
13.0

241.7
11.7
36.8
3.9
28.6
7.8
12.9

244.4
12.4
37.4
3.9
27.9
8.0
13.1

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

62.5
2.1
6.6
11.1

63.3
1.9
6.6
11.7

63.5
1.9
6.6
11.7

333.3
11.4
29.8
75.7

341.7
11.2
30.4
76.0

343.6
11.5
30.6
76.4

242.1
13.8
22.1
33.7

241.4
13.8
21.0
33.8

245.3
14.0
21.4
34.1

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

69.9
10.2
29.9
1.8

71.1
10.2
30.3
1.8

71.2
10.2
30.3
1.8

443.5
76.8
165.6
11.2

457.9
78.9
170.6
11.7

463.1
79.5
173.1
11.6

303.1
57.0
72.6
7.4

299.5
53.9
72.9
7.6

308.3
57.6
73.0
7.8

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

84.9
2.6
17.0
2.0
6.3
2.5
5.5
30.9
6.4

84.6
2.6
16.5
2.1
6.4
2.5
5.7
30.7
6.5

84.5
2.6
16.5
2.0
6.4
2.5
5.7
30.8
6.5

511.2
16.7
76.2
15.3
41.9
23.8
18.5
194.0
54.4

526.8
17.0
78.6
14.5
43.0
25.2
20.3
197.6
56.6

529.1
17.1
79.1
14.6
43.0
25.2
20.4
197.5
56.7

373.4
13.5
60.0
14.0
24.0
13.5
13.3
104.5
33.0

366.5
13.6
60.7
14.2
23.8
13.4
12.8
105.8
33.4

373.9
13.7
62.3
14.4
24.3
13.7
13.2
105.8
33.5

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

30.5
2.5
13.6

30.9
2.4
13.8

30.8
2.4
13.8

165.8
13.6
42.7

168.7
14.0
45.2

172.4
14.1
45.4

99.0
5.2
19.1

96.4
5.0
18.7

100.8
5.2
19.4

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

1.4
.4

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,324.3
1,186.0
394.1
867.1

2,378.8
1,208.5
404.3
896.5

2,392.1
1,213.3
405.8
900.8

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,156.8
53.3
1,937.9
96.7
51.2
154.0
120.4
63.3
40.9
251.5
227.8

3,211.6
56.3
1,969.6
98.5
51.4
158.9
123.2
64.8
41.8
253.9
228.6

3,225.3
56.1
1,976.7
99.0
51.2
158.6
123.4
64.4
41.8
257.5
229.8

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,446.2
278.3
70.3
2,088.0
173.6
561.6
60.7
212.1
234.2
174.9

4,476.0
278.9
72.0
2,122.6
167.8
572.1
61.7
212.1
229.5
177.9

4,498.9
282.6
72.0
2,129.0
167.9
574.8
62.1
213.1
236.5
177.4

Minnesota
Ouluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,533.8
110.0
1.655.6
78.4
89.4

2,586.4
112.8
1,700.6
81.3
91.2

2,593.7
112.7
1,698.6
81.2
92.3

( )
(1)
(1)

Mississippi
Jackson

1.132.3
226.5

1,150.4
228.7

1,154.3
228.7

(2)

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

2,665.3
943.7
1,294.3
165.0

2,694.5
964.8
1,304.2
167.5

2,702.9
967.1
1,311.8
169.0

(1)
(1)
(1)

Montana

366.7

376.0

378.9

4.9

4.8

4.7

15.6

16.7

16.8

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

873.2
148.3
405.2

881.2
152.2
412.9

883.3
153.1
413.9

1.1

1.1

1.2

37.8
6.3
19.2

40.8
7.1
20.5

39.9
7.0
20.5

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

950.4
689.5
180.8

997.0
729.5
188.3

999.3
729.8
189.8

11.3
1.8
.4

89.5
73.3
12.0

88.9
71.2
13.6

88.0
70.7
13.3

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

590.0
100.8
95.1
114.9

602.5
103.8
95.4
117.4

604.7
104.3
94.8
118.6

.3

21.3
4.3
2.9
3.5

24.0
4.8
3.2
3.5

23.8
4.6
3.1
3.5

3,782.2
171.5
653.6
484.7
244.2
620.8
359.7
969.0
196.9
58.3

3,834.1
172.5
658.3
492.8
244.5
632.0
363.8
988.7
199.4
58.6

3,842.1
172.4
659.1
492.1
246.0
635.0
364.2
991.1
199.8
58.0

1.8

123.5
6.2
20.6
20.7
4.7
17.3
16.4
30.1
4.4
1.9

130.3
6.3
22.2
21.6
5.1
18.5
16.5
32.8
4.6
1.9

128.2
6.1
22.4
21.2
5.0
17.9
16.2
31.7
4.6
1.8

716.4
337.2
54.1
71.7

722.8
342.5
55.6
72.5

729.6
346.1
56.0
73.1

40.9
20.0
3.4
3.8

41.6
21.0
3.3
3.9

41.9
21.3
3.4
4.0

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

See footnotes at end of table.




84

1.3
.3
(1)
(1)
1.2
(1)

5.4

5.3

5.5

54.0
11.0

54.3
11.1

54.0
11.3

5.2

123.8
46.8
66.9
7.3

134.2
48.4
71.9
7.7

131.8
48.9
70.6

(1)
(1)
(1)

(M

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
11.3
1.8
.4

.4

.3
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
1.9

(M
(1)
2.0
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.5

(])
(1)

98.5
3.8
62.1
2.9
3.1

(2)

(1)
(1)

13.4
(1)

100.5
3.9
64.6
2.9
3.0

( )
(1)
(1)
5.5

4.9

.3

88.8
3.3
59.6
2.6
3.2

2

(2)

.7

6.6
4.7

.9

{])
(1)

( )
(1)
(1)

(1)

168.4
9.8
2.3
73.9
6.5
24.0
2.5
7.9
7.7
9.1

0)
(11)
(1)
()

2

(1)

170.8
9.8
2.4
73.4
6.7
24.2
2.5
8.1
7.7
9.7

6.1

6.7
4.7

6.9
4.8

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

162.5
9.6
2.2
72.3
6.7
23.3
2.3
7.6
7.5
8.3

.1
.1
.2

.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(')
(1)

(1)
(1)
<1>

109.3
3.0
64.5
4.0
1.5
6.0
4.7
2.3
1.5
7.6
7.6

(1)
(1)

.9

12.5
1.9
.5

112.9
3.0
65.5
4.0
1.6
6.3
4.9
2.3
1.6
7.9
7.9

.5

6.2
(1)
(1)

(M

102.4
2.7
60.1
3.6
1.5
5.7
4.7
2.2
1.4
6.8
6.8

.1
.1
.2

6.7

(1)

1.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)

.1
.1
.2

2

149.3
71.3
14.6
65.4

.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

149.9
71.5
14.8
65.6

(1)

.4

(1)
(1)

139.5
64.4
12.5
61.9

1.3
(1)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(1)
(2)

1.3
.3
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

.6

0)
(1)

.8

.8

(M

.5

(1)

(1)

(1)
.3

.3

13.3
(1)
(1)
(1)

13.2
(1)

(J)
(1)

7.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

175.7
98.4
29.5
38.9

176.4
96.0
28.8
40.6

176.2
95.8
28.8
40.7

108.6
56.8
18.6
36.8

112.4
58.8
18.1
38.2

113.3
59.0
18.2
38.2

528.1
268.9
60.5
195.7

547.5
275.6
62.2
201.5

544.9
274.6
62.5
201.2

Massachusetts
Barnstable- Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

434.4
2.4
213.3
11.3
13.1
38.9
28.2
13.1
7.5
37.7
39.8

430.5
2.6
209.5
11.5
12.7
39.0
27.8
13.1
7.2
38.4
38.8

429.2
2.7
209.4
11.5
12.6
39.0
27.7
12.8
7.2
38.3
38.6

136.0
2.8
84.0
4.9
2.0
5.6
7.2
3.5
1.4
10.1
9.8

138.5
3.0
85.4
4.7
2.0
5.8
7.4
3.4
1.5
10.2
10.3

138.5
2.9
85.3
4.7
2.0
5.8
7.2
3.4
1.5
10.3
10.3

708.4
16.9
413.7
31.8
12.5
35.7
26.8
16.1
9.8
58.8
50.5

730.8
18.5
425.1
32.8
12.8
37.6
28.3
16.8
10.3
61.1
51.8

726.3
18.3
423.3
32.3
12.7
37.0
28.3
16.8
10.2
61.5
51.4

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

977.6
54.5
19.4
443.3
38.2
159.5
12.2
48.7
28.8
39.2

966.3
54.1
19.5
447.3
31.1
161.1
12.4
48.4
28.1
38.8

968.0
54.3
19.5
448.7
31.0
161.2
12.5
48.3
27.9
38.6

174.1
6.5
3.2
94.9
5.5
20.1
3.6
7.3
6.4
6.6

175.6
6.5
3.4
95.1
5.7
20.8
3.7
7.5
6.5
6.6

175.7
6.6
3.4
94.8
5.6
20.7
3.7
7.4
6.5
6.6

1,030.1
54.6
15.2
480.2
42.8
140.3
15.4
46.7
51.1
43.8

1,057.3
56.0
15.6
494.2
43.9
144.9
15.7
47.8
52.2
44.6

1,050.3
55.8
15.4
492.5
43.2
144.9
15.6
47.5
51.9
44.1

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

433.7
8.1
275.0
12.8
16.8

436.0
8.1
275.9
12.2
17.1

435.3
8.3
275.5
12.2
17.2

128.6
7.2
92.0
2.5
3.4

128.0
7.8
93.9
2.5
3.5

128.2
7.7
93.3
2.5
3.5

597.1
26.6
386.4
14.8
25.8

616.2
27.2
399.3
15.3
26.6

611.5
26.7
395.9
15.1
26.0

Mississippi
Jackson

244.1
20.0

242.7
20.6

242.9
20.1

53.9
17.2

56.2
17.8

56.4
17.9

245.9
54.8

247.9
54.8

249.1
54.8

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

412.5
105.8
190.8
23.1

407.0
108.9
186.6
23.4

403.4
107.9
187.1
23.2

168.3
79.4
85.7
11.4

170.0
81.5
84.8
12.1

170.4
81.2
85.1
12.5

618.4
227.1
302.7
45.8

631.9
235.8
310.9
47.3

630.7
234.9
309.6
47.7

Montana

24.0

24.3

24.4

21.8

22.3

22.4

96.9

99.0

98.7

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

118.6
18.3
40.3

116.7
18.1
39.7

117.1
18.1
39.9

56.8
9.1
30.5

57.1
9.3
31.3

57.0
9.2
31.4

210.1
31.4
97.4

212.0
31.7
100.0

211.0
31.9
99.4

41.7
22.8
13.5

42.7
23.5
13.6

42.6
23.4
13.6

50.0
36.7
11.7

52.9
39.2
12.5

52.9
39.3
12.6

190.8
140.8
40.7

205.4
152.6
43.2

204.5
151.8
43.2

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

107.2
14.5
27.6
18.0

105.7
15.1
27.3
18.4

105.5
15.1
27.3
18.4

20.9
6.0
3.1
3.6

21.6
6.5
3.2
3.8

21.7
6.5
3.3
3.8

152.8
24.3
24.0
30.5

159.5
25.8
24.8
32.3

158.0
25.7
24.1
32.3

Now Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

467.0
6.0
103.4
54.4
25.9
91.4
20.1
133.8
16.6
12.3

459.7
6.1
101.0
55.0
24.5
89.4
20.1
132.2
16.0
11.6

459.6
6.2
101.1
54.7
24.8
89.8
20.2
133.0
16.1
11.7

262.3
6.7
36.9
23.0
30.2
48.5
19.7
84.3
7.1
2.6

264.3
6.7
37.6
23.1
30.1
48.6
19.0
85.9
7.3
2.8

264.6
6.7
37.7
23.3
29.9
48.5
19.1
86.9
7.3
2.6

877.3
32.7
177.0
128.1
57.6
144.0
95.4
193.7
32.3
11.5

905.6
33.7
179.8
132.5
58.0
149.3
98.4
202.7
34.2
11.9

897.3
33.5
178.4
130.6
58.3
147.5
96.9
200.9
33.7
11.8

41.8
26.5
3.2
1.8

41.0
26.4
3.0
1.7

41.1
26.5
3.0
1.8

34.5
18.0
2.0
1.2

35.9
19.2
2.0
1.2

36.0
19.2
1.9
1.2

167.0
79.8
11.1
14.6

168.8
80.3
11.3
15.3

168.6
80.1
11.3
15.1

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
February
1999

January
2000

February
2000*

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-O.C

136.9
73.5
32.8
51.9

140.2
75.7
34.0
53.3

140.3
75.6
34.1
53.6

787.9
404.8
153.5
305.6

809.0
413.2
160.0
320.7

816.6
416.2
161.2
323.1

446.3
218.9
86.7
176.3

442.0
217.3
86.4
176.6

450.2
220.5
86.4
178.6

Massachusetts
Bamstable- Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

223.6
3.1
168.3
3.1
1.5
5.2
3.3
1.9
1.8
13.2
15.1

227.1
3.2
171.1
3.1
1.6
5.6
3.5
2.0
1.9
13.1
14.6

227.3
3.2
171.4
3.1
1.5
5.5
3.5
2.0
1.9
13.1
14.7

1,129.9
17.7
762.0
25.3
12.8
43.5
34.4
16.4
13.8
78.1
69.8

1,148.7
18.1
774.3
25.5
12.9
44.9
35.4
17.0
14.0
76.9
72.1

1,165.5
18.1
782.0
26.3
13.0
45.2
35.7
16.9
14.2
78.9
73.9

420.9
7.7
236.1
16.7
7.8
19.4
15.8
10.1
5.1
46.7
35.8

421.8
7.9
238.2
16.9
7.8
19.7
15.9
10.2
5.2
46.2
32.9

427.9
7.9
240.3
17.1
7.9
20.1
16.3
10.2
5.2
47.7
33.1

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

206.4
9.9
2.4
112.7
6.4
21.9
1.9
10.6
14.4
6.7

206.2
10.0
2.3
111.9
6.5
22.5
2.0
10.5
14.6
6.8

206.4
10.0
2.4
111.8
6.5
22.4
2.0
10.6
14.7
6.7

1,206.8
68.0
18.9
648.7
48.2
139.5
14.9
54.4
58.1
47.4

1,225.6
68.5
19.5
666.6
48.7
141.0
15.1
54.5
58.9
48.6

1,232.5
69.5
19.5
668.9
49.4
142.7
15.2
55.0
59.2
48.8

682.0
75.2
9.0
235.0
25.8
57.0
10.4
36.8
67.9
22.9

668.0
74.0
9.3
233.2
25.2
57.6
10.3
35.3
61.5
22.8

691.5
76.6
9.5
237.5
25.7
58.9
10.6
36.4
68.6
23.5

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

158.1
3.4
125.0
2.4
3.2

160.4
3.4
127.8
2.5
3.5

1604
3.4
128.4
2.5
3.5

727.1
33.2
484.9
35.8
23.3

748.8
34.6
502.1
38.3
24.3

755.5
34.5
505.3
38.3
24.9

393.5
23.4
232.2
7.5
13.7

389.8
23.1
236.6
7.6
13.2

397.7
23.6
237.7
7.7
14.1

42.2
16.3

42.3
15.6

42.2
15.6

259.0
58.3

270.8
60.9

272.3
60.9

227.8
48.2

230.7
47.3

231.9
47.5

164.0
69.8
82.9
8.6

165.2
70.9
83.7
8.8

165.5
70.8
84.2
8.9

748.1
279.8
407.0
47.8

758.1
284.5
411.2
47.9

765.3
285.6
416.6
48.9

425.3
135.0
158.3
21.0

422.8
134.8
155.1
20.3

430.6
137.8
158.6
20.0

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
Montana

17.2

17.5

17.6

107.2

112.4

113.6

79.1

79.0

80.7

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

60.0
10.5
35.2

60.9
10.9
36.1

61.1
11.0
36.2

236.9
39.3
132.6

239.2
41.4
134.4

241.1
41.6
135.0

151.9
33.4
50.0

153.4
33.7
50.9

154.9
34.3
51.5

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

43.5
33.2
8.0

44.5
34.0
8.1

44.6
34.2
8.1

404.6
305.9
70.1

433.7
329.8
73.8

434.8
330.3
74.0

117.8
74.9
24.3

117.6
77.4
23.1

120.6
78.3
24.6

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

31.9
7.8
5.1
6.2

32.5
7.7
4.6
6.5

32.5
7.6
4.4
6.4

172.2
32.6
23.6
30.8

177.0
32.8
23.6
31.5

177.9
33.5
23.9
31.6

83.3
11.3
8.8
22.3

81.9
11.1
8.7
21.4

85.0
11.3
8.7
22.6

251.6
5.6
37.7
26.2
27.4
45.9
18.3
75.5
11.0
2.9

257.8
5.9
38.2
27.1
28.5
47.9
18.7
77.0
11.3
2.6

258.1
5.9
38.4
27.1
28.7
47.7
18.6
77.3
11.1
2.7

1,223.6
85.7
207.1
151.8
59.8
193.2
126.4
307.8
73.6
12.6

1,244.0
85.6
209.0
153.9
60.5
199.2
127.9
315.6
74.0
13.2

1,252.5
85.2
209.4
154.6
61.1
201.5
129.9
316.6
74.8
12.8

575.0
28.6
70.9
80.5
38.6
80.0
63.4
143.1
51.9
14.2

570.4
28.2
70.5
79.6
37.8
78.5
63.2
141.7
52.0
14.1

580.0
28.8
71.7
80.6
38.2
81.6
63.3
143.9
52.2
14.3

32.8
18.7
2.1
3.5

32.9
19.2
2.1
3.5

32.9
19.3
2.1
3.5

205.9
107.6
13.9
21.2

210.6
110.8
15.2
21.3

212.5
111.8
15.3
21.8

180.1
66.6
18.4
25.6

178.7
65.6
18.7
25.6

183.4
67.9
19.0
25.7

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon.,
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.




86

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8,277.5
441.8
115.7
542.3
110.2
44.0
47.8
1,156.6
4,084.9
3,558.9
126.3
537.8
107.0
341.1
130.4
396.9

8,385.7
444.7
116.7
543.6
112.9
44.3
48.9
1,182.9
4,150.2
3,613.4
127.9
542.6
109.6
343.9
133.7
404.8

8,430.0
449.5
118.1
546.4
114.1
44.2
48.9
1,185.8
4,160.5
3,621.6
128.1
546.0
110.3
346.3
133.4
406.3

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

3,808.4
110.1
802.5
653.6
656.4

3,866.1
109.6
816.1
666.2
670.6

3,881.7
110.1
816.9
666.1
677.2

315.1
49.9
98.4
47.7

319.4
50.4
99.4
47.4

320.7
50.8
100.0
48.0

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,433.3
322.5
181.2
854.5
1,145.5
842.7
475.4
126.2
78.3
80.1
49.7
321.1
241.4

5,473.6
326.6
164.3
869.0
1,152.9
848.7
473.4
126.9
80.1
80.7
50.2
326.8
243.8

5,499.2
330.7
185.8
874.6
1,158.4
852.4
478.7
128.9
80.2
81.1
49.9
327.8
244.9

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,444.6
24.3
37.8
521.9
388.6

1,458.4
24.1
38.3
531.3
390.8

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,537.8
138.9
68.2
928.1
132.8

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Cariisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,480.4
272.8
58.8
131.8
353.8
86.8
216.3
2,322.1
677.1
1,081.2
164.8
273.1
49.2
68.2
53.5
166.1

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

January
2000

3.7
.4

February
2000P

3.7
.4

287.4
14.8
3.7
17.4
4.2
1.8
1.8
55.4
139.3
110.7
4.3
17.3
4.5
11.6
2.8
22.2

4.0

213.5
6.7
49.6
33.2
38.0

221.8
7.0
52.1
34.6
39.9

221.0
7.0
52.2
33.9
40.0

3.2

12.1
2.1
4.5
2.3

14.3
2.4
5.0
2.3

13.5
2.4
4.9
2.2

12.5
.6
.6
.7
.8
.6
.3

.4
.1
.4

210.2
12.0
7.8
37.6
40.3
34.5
16.2
7.4
3.5
2.3
1.5
14.8
9.2

210.4
12.3
8.2
38.0
39.7
35.5
17.0
7.4
3.6
2.6
1.7
15.1
9.4

210.5
12.3
8.1
38.0
40.1
36.3
17.1
7.5
3.6
2.6
1.6
14.9
9.3

(1)

(M
(1)

(M
(1)

(])
(1)
<;>
(11)
(1)
( ) .3

.3

(1)

(')
.3

(1)
( 11
(
<1

1

( )
(1)

(M
(1)
3.9
(1)
(1)
(1)

0)

(])
(11)
( ) .4

.3

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3.1
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

12.8
.6
.5
.7
.8
.7
.3

(M
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

3.9

(1
(1
(1
(1

3.0
(1)
(1)
(1)

.3

12.4
.6
.6
.7
.8
.6
.3
(!)
(1)
(1)

February
2000P

292.6
15.6
3.8
17.8
4.4
1.8
1.9
56.5
141.0
111.9
4.5
17.9
4.5
12.0
2.9
22.5

(1)

(J)
(11)
()
(1) .3

January
2000

269.7
14.4
3.5
16.9
4.0
1.8
1.8
52.3
129.0
102.8
4.3
16.5
4.3
11.6
2.9
19.8

3.8
.4

(1)

(])
(11)
(1)
()

February
1999

(])
(11)
()

.2
.4

.4
.2
.4

1,470.3
24.1
38.5
534.7
392.8

29.9
.7
.1
6.7
7.7

27.5
.6
.1
5.9
7.1

27.5
.6
.1
5.9
7.1

55.5
.9
1.4
20.6
16.9

57.2
.8
1.6
21.3
18.1

57.8
.8
1.6
21.4
18.3

1,563.2
140.4
71.0
951.3
133.0

1,573.0
141.7
71.3
956.6
134.4

1.7
.2
.1
1.1
.2

1.7
.1
.1
1.1
.3

1.7
.2
.1
1.1
.3

76.0
6.5
3.0
49.4
6.8

78.7
6.5
3.3
49.9
7.2

79.9
6.5
3.3
50.4
7.1

5,514.8
274.7
60.1
133.4
354.1
87.5
219.8
2,362.9
678.5
1,087.9
168.1
273.8
49.0
68.2
54.1
165.2

5,533.4
276.4
60.1
132.9
355.1
87.6
220.6
2,368.2
686.5
1,093.1
167.6
275.5
49.7
70.8
54.1
166.2

19.8
<1>
1
( )
(1)

19.1
(1)
1
( )
(1)
<;>
(1)
.4
(1)
1
( )
4.5
(1)
.3
(1)
1
( )
(1)
.4

18.9
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
.4
(1)
1
( )
4.4
(1)
.3

208.1
10.8
2.7
4.1
12.8
3.8
12.8
86.3
11.5
46.1
6.6
9.2
1.3
1.9
1.9
8.5

221.0
11.7
2.6
4.2
13.4
4.1
13.5
89.2
10.4
49.0
6.5
9.4
1.6
2.0
2.0
8.8

217.7
11.6
2.7
3.9
13.3
4.0
13.3
87.3
10.8
48.9
6.2
9.4
1.6
1.9
1.9
8.8

See footnotes at end of table.




February
1999

87

<!>
(1)
.4

(M
(1) 4.5

0)
(M
(11)
()

.3

.4

0)
(11)
()

.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

888.1
37.8
25.0
86.9
17.0
9.7
7.9
112.5
298.4
248.8
11.6
118.5
11.6
50.2
19.7
36.1

878.3
38.2
24.7
85.7
17.2
9.3
7.8
113.4
292.4
242.9
11.4
116.3
11.6
50.7
19.8
35.8

880.2
38.1
24.7
85.5
17.4
9.3
7.8
113.2
295.4
245.7
11.5
115.6
11.6
50.5
19.6
36.1

411.8
17.1
5.0
24.9
4.0
1.6
1.4
54.0
232.6
205.5
7.5
17.8
6.0
19.8
3.9
20.4

416.1
18.0
5.0
25.7
4.2
1.5
1.4
56.0
233.7
206.0
7.6
18.5
6.0
20.6
4.2
20.9

416.7
18.0
5.0
25.6
4.2
1.5
1.4
56.1
234.6
206.9
7.6
18.4
6.0
20.6
4.2
20.9

1,651.0
92.0
24.1
125.4
20.8
10.0
10.7
293.5
707.0
592.3
33.6
112.9
24.2
76.9
26.0
86.1

1,703.1
93.0
25.2
127.5
21.7
10.0
11.3
305.1
728.6
610.3
35.3
118.4
25.8
78.1
27.7
88.2

1,684.5
91.9
25.1
126.9
21.5
9.8
11.2
300.1
720.8
604.1
34.9
116.8
25.3
77.1
27.2
86.8

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

810.1
18.5
139.8
159.9
83.9

790.6
18.0
135.7
155.9
83.8

790.2
18.1
135.5
155.9
83.8

172.1
4.9
52.8
34.5
28.8

177.2
5.3
55.2
35.3
30.0

177.2
5.2
55.2
35.7
30.2

850.5
26.5
191.8
145.6
137.4

870.6
25.9
194.0
148.4
141.9

870.5
25.8
193.1
147.4
142.5

23.6
2.8
7.9
3.7

23.5
3.0
7.7
3.9

23.6
3.0
7.8
3.9

18.2
3.2
5.0
2.1

18.6
3.2
5.1
2.0

18.4
3.2
5.1
2.0

78.7
11.9
27.7
12.7

80.3
12.3
28.3
12.8

80.2
12.4
28.2
12.9

1,087.9
65.1
46.9
141.0
222.9
93.2
96.0
23.2
20.2
23.4
13.6
61.0
55.0

1,081.9
65.3
46.7
141.1
221.5
92.6
95.4
23.2
20.0
22.7
13.2
62.1
54.2

1,080.5
65.5
47.0
141.1
221.4
92.5
94.7
23.2
19.9
22.6
13.3
61.6
54.3

239.3
14.7
4.9
47.9
45.2
39.8
21.0
4.7
3.3
3.4
2.6
14.7
9.9

242.5
15.6
5.1
49.6
45.3
40.1
21.5
4.9
3.3
3.4
2.6
15.3
9.9

242.3
15.8
5.2
49.7
45.3
40.2
21.5
5.0
3.3
3.4
2.5
15.2
10.0

1,299.5
79.7
44.1
214.0
269.5
218.0
109.5
33.2
18.0
17.8
10.2
78.0
60.1

1,313.2
82.3
46.0
219.9
273.4
217.3
109.1
32.8
18.7
18.4
10.1
79.8
62.4

1,311.2
82.2
46.1
219.1
272.2
217.4
109.4
33.1
18.7
18.4
10.3
79.6
62.2

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

183.3
2.4
3.8
54.5
56.9

183.1
2.5
3.7
57.3
54.8

183.6
2.6
3.7
57.3
54.9

81.1
2.2
1.6
24.3
32.1

81.3
2.2
1.6
25.0
32.3

81.3
2.2
1.6
25.0
32.4

327.5
6.1
8.6
121.0
89.1

336.6
6.2
8.8
122.5
90.0

337.1
6.2
8.8
122.7
90.0

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

238.1
22.3
8.7
144.1
17.1

238.3
23.0
9.1
144.0
16.2

238.5
23.3
9.0
144.3
16.4

76.1
4.2
3.6
54.0
3.9

77.7
4.1
3.6
56.1
3.8

78.1
4.1
3.7
56.1
4.0

375.0
34.1
19.2
228.7
27.5

383.0
35.2
20.1
236.1
28.1

380.4
35.0
20.0
234.6
27.9

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

927.3
54.8
10.4
34.5
45.5
12.9
57.0
300.7
57.0
137.4
41.9
53.6
12.2
8.4
13.3
46.8

925.8
54.6
10.4
34.1
44.1
13.0
56.9
305.8
56.4
137.4
43.2
53.0
11.1
8.5
13.7
45.7

924.2
54.4
10.3
33.9
43.9
13.1
57.1
305.0
56.5
137.2
42.9
53.2
11.0
8.5
13.6
46.0

289.1
15.9
4.3
4.7
24.1
5.1
8.1
113.4
34.8
68.5
8.7
16.5
1.9
2.1
2.0
8.3

296.3
16.1
4.3
4.6
24.4
5.3
8.4
114.9
35.2
69.3
8.9
16.3
1.9
2.3
2.1
7.9

296.3
16.1
4.3
4.7
24.4
5.3
8.3
115.9
35.4
69.5
8.9
16.3
2.0
2.3
2.1
8.0

1,212.1
58.0
15.4
29.3
79.2
20.2
52.8
503.2
114.2
252.3
38.0
63.6
12.1
12.9
12.8
39.4

1,241.7
58.7
16.2
30.4
80.6
20.3
55.0
514.3
117.0
256.7
39.0
65.4
12.9
12.9
13.0
40.5

1.226.5
58.3
15.9
29.8
80.3
20.0
54.6
509.8
115.5
256.1
38.0
64.3
12.7
13.1
12.9
40.1

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

See footnotes at end of table.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
«and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

743.3
26.0
3.9
30.3
4.6
1.2
2.3
82.8
520.6
486.5
5.9
20.9
5.6
17.9
8.2
27.3

746.0
26.0
4.6
30.9
5.1
1.2
2.5
83.5
521.6
486.8
5.9
20.7
5.8
18.3
7.8
27.8

746.6
26.0
4.6
30.9
5.0
1.2
2.5
83.7
522.2
487.3
5.9
20.7
5.8
18.3
7.8
27.9

2,861.9
142.5
31.2
168.5
36.9
12.3
13.4
373.8
1,554.1
1,364.7
34.8
166.1
36.0
103.4
41.3
146.0

2,914.1
144.1
31.8
168.9
38.3
13.1
13.7
380.9
1,586.0
1,392.6
35.4
169.1
36.5
103.8
43.2
149.2

2,953.1
147.6
32.3
171.0
39.1
13.1
13.6
384.2
1,602.0
1,406.4
35.6
171.2
37.0
106.2
43.4
150.9

1,448.0
111.6
23.0
89.4
22.9
7.4
10.3
187.7
643.2
558.0
28.6
84.8
19.3
61.3
28.4
61.2

1,431.8
109.4
21.6
87.1
22.0
7.4
10.3
187.5
646.9
562.6
27.8
81.4
19.4
60.4
28.1
60.4

1,457.7
112.7
22.7
89.1
22.7
7.5
10.6
193.1
646.2
560.2
28.3
85.7
20.1
62.0
28.4
61.5

184.2
3.8
65.5
35.3
31.3

184.9
4.1
64.9
35.0
32.0

186.0
4.2
64.8
34.7
32.1

956.8
33.7
207.4
173.6
209.5

999.2
33.2
218.7
180.9
217.3

1,006.9
33.7
218.6
182.2
219.0

617.3
16.0
95.6
71.5
127.5

617.9
16.1
97.5
76.1
125.7

625.9
16.1
97.5
76.3
129.6

16.1
2.4
6.9
1.4

16.3
2.3
7.1
1.4

16.3
2.3
6.9
1.4

89.7
16.6
30.3
12.5

90.8
16.5
30.7
12.2

91.0
16.5
30.9
12.4

73.7
10.9
16.1
13.0

72.5
10.7
15.5
12.8

74.5
11.0
16.2
13.2

301.3
13.3
6.4
54.1
77.9
76.4
19.0
7.4
2.0
2.5
1.4
11.1
9.1

309.1
13.7
6.7
55.9
79.5
79.1
18.7
7.7
2.1
2.4
1.4
11.4
9.5

309.1
13.7
6.7
56.2
79.5
79.3
18.5
7.6
2.1
2.4
1.3
11.2
9.3

1,502.0
88.1
49.8
257.0
343.2
240.4
141.2
28.9
20.8
19.5
13.6
92.7
65.8

1,525.5
91.1
50.7
261.0
346.9
242.9
141.8
29.9
21.9
20.2
14.4
94.5
66.7

1,540.3
91.6
51.2
264.2
349.9
244.6
144.4
30.5
21.9
20.3
14.1
95.4
67.3

780.3
49.0
20.8
102.2
145.7
139.7
72.2
21.4
10.5
11.2
6.4
48.6
31.9

778.6
45.7
20.3
102.8
145.8
140.6
69.6
21.0
10.5
11.0
6.4
48.4
31.3

792.8
49.0
20.9
105.6
149.2
141.5
72.8
22.0
10.7
11.4
6.4
49.8
32.1

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

71.6
1.1
1.7
28.9
20.8

74.0
1.1
1.7
30.2
22.1

74.0
1.1
1.7
30.2
22.1

410.8
6.8
8.7
161.1
122.0

415.2
6.7
9.1
163.1
123.9

420.4
6.5
9.1
164.9
124.6

284.9
4.1
11.9
104.8
43.1

283.5
4.0
11.7
106.0
42.5

288.6
4.1
11.9
107.3
43.4

Oregon

94.8
7.2
3.1
66.2
6.9

93.7
7.2
3.2
65.8
6.7

93.8
7.3
3.2
66.2
6.7

412.0
37.8
19.1
261.9
31.4

427.6
38.3
19.9
271.7
31.3

431.3
38.5
20.1
275.2
32.2

264.1
26.6
11.4
122.7
39.0

262.5
26.0
11.7
126.6
39.4

269.3
26.8
11.9
128.7
39.8

321.3
14.3
1.7
5.4
24.6
4.0
9.9
162.7
50.2
66.6
8.4
13.6
1.6
2.1
2.3
5.2

321.5
14.7
1.8
5.5
24.2
4.1
10.4
163.4
48.9
66.8
8.3
14.2
1.5
2.2
2.3
5.3

321.2
14.6
1.8
5.5
24.2
4.1
10.3
163.2
49.0
66.9
8.3
14.2
1.5
2.2
2.3
5.2

1,782.3
87.4
15.8
37.7
99.9
26.5
56.0
859.0
291.6
381.6
41.7
80.6
14.4
14.1
14.8
40.7

1,772.0
87.5
16.4
39.2
100.8
26.4
56.2
879.0
294.0
382.2
43.0
79.7
14.3
14.3
14.7
40.2

1,795.0
89.6
16.4
39.0
101.3
26.6
56.9
886.7
300.0
385.4
42.9
81.6
15.2
14.4
15.0
41.2

720.4
31.6
8.5
16.1
67.7
14.3
19.3
296.8
117.8
124.2
19.5
35.7
5.7
26.7
6.4
16.8

717.4
31.4
8.4
15.4
66.6
14.3
19.0
296.3
116.6
122.0
19.2
35.5
5.7
26.0
6.3
16.4

733.6
31.8
8.7
16.1
67.7
14.5
19.7
300.3
119.3
124.7
20.4
36.2
5.7
28.4
6.3
16.5

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County

Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Chariotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-WinstorvSalem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem- Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA !."""."""".!!.!!!!
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

....

See footnotes at end of table.




89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

450.0
508.5

456.7
508.3

459.6
510.5

1,797.0
236.5
296.6
470.0

1,828.0
245.9
302.2
475.3

1,838.6
248.4
305.6
477.0

(1)
(1)
(1)

359.5
47.0
107.1

370.6
48.6
111.3

371.6
48.6
111.3

(1)
(1)

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,627.6
224.4
196.3
323.8
577.4
655.5

2,654.5
228.0
197.1
325.8
586.5
665.7

2,669.0
227.9
198.3
325.7
590.9
670.3

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

9,032.4
55.6
96.5
619.0
160.8
74.2
100.8
74.6
156.8
1,870.6
248.3
750.4
88.6
2,010.2
100.7
64.0
90.4
115.4
144.0
100.6
42.8
691.1
44.1
51.5
78.8
35.2
98.3
59.2

9,185.7
56.1
97.3
643.8
157.0
74.3
104.8
72.9
157.1
1,914.8
251.3
768.0
88.3
2,036.1
101.8
66.1
90.1
118.9
151.2
99.2
43.1
707.4
45.6
52.3
81.2
36.5
100.7
58.2

1,025.8
143.7
688.5

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

January
2000

.2
.2

February
2000P

.2
.2

1.9

1.9

(M
(1)
1.2

1.0

4.1

4.2

February
2000P

14.6
15.9

16.0
16.5

15.6
16.2

1.9

110.1
18.2
16.7
31.1

115.4
19.1
17.7
31.6

116.2
19.1
17.8
32.0

1.0

13.6
2.6
4.6

15.2
2.7
4.9

15.3
2.6
4.9

4.2

116.6
9.2
11.0
16.0
26.6
31.1

118.9
9.1
11.0
16.1
26.9
31.5

(1)
(1)

C)
(1)

January
2000

.1
.2

(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

February
1999

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1>
(1)

115.3
9.2
10.9
15.9
25.4
31.3

9,253.3
56.7
98.0
651.6
156.4
74.6
105.1
76.2
157.2
1,928.8
252.6
774.5
88.7
2,048.9
102.4
66.1
90.3
120.4
151.7
99.2
43.3
711.5
46.0
52.5
81.1
36.5
101.2
58.5

151.5
.7
.7
1.2
.9
1.4
(1)
.8
2.2
10.3
(1)
4.4
.5
65.9
1
( )
1.3
3.3
.1
1.2
11.2
.5
2.0
1
( )
(1)
1.3
1.5
1
( )
.9

143.7
.7
.6
1.3
.9
1.3
1
( )
.7
2.0
9.8
(1)
4.0
.5
62.2
1
( )
1.0
3.1
.1
1.2
10.8
.6
2.0

143.6
.7
.6
1.3
.9
1.3
1
( )
.7
2.0
9.8
(1)
3.9
.5
62.2
1
( )
.9
3.1
.1
1.2
10.9
.6
2.0
1
( )
(1)
1.3
1.6
1
( )
.9

511.0
2.3
4.8
34.8
18.0
9.4
3.6
3.2
12.7
93.0
12.0
38.8
5.1
143.8
4.4
2.3
4.4
4.2
7.2
5.9
2.0
37.0
2.6
2.1
3.3
2.3
4.9
2.3

528.8
2.4
5.3
37.6
15.2
10.3
3.8
3.2
13.1
98.3
13.1
40.5
4.6
147.2
4.6
2.5
4.4
4.2
8.2
5.2
2.2
38.1
2.7
2.1
3.5
2.5
5.4
2.0

538.4
2.4
5.4
38.0
15.2
10.2
3.8
3.3
12.8
101.3
13.3
41.4
4.6
150.3
4.6
2.5
4.4
4.2
8.2
4.9
2.1
38.3
2.8
2.1
3.5
2.6
5.4
2.1

1,043.6
146.4
699.9

1,052.6
147.4
706.3

7.7

(1)

65.1
9.4
42.9

69.8
9.7
46.0

70.1
9.7
46.0

288.8
31.8
102.0

292.4
32.2
104.3

294.9
32.7
105.5

.4

12.0
1.1
4.9

13.6
1.2
5.6

13.0
1.2
5.7

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,338.2
37.4
84.1
45.7
100.6
675.7
1,050.7
539.3
141.4

3,402.7
39.1
84.4
46.7
102.6
684.3
1,094.1
550.6
142.7

3,408.9
39.3
86.7
46.5
103.4
686.2
1,096.7
552.9
143.2

10.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.8
.9
1
( )

9.8

187.3
1.5
4.4
2.2
5.6
40.3
58.7
32.8
8.5

194.5
1.3
4.7
2.0
5.8
41.7
63.1
33.6
8.9

193.9
1.3
4.8
2.0
5.9
41.5
62.6
33.5
8.8

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

2,585.4
1,360.3
185.7
234.1

2,615.2
1,376.5
188.1
238.8

2,632.4
1.382.8
189.0
240.8

3.2
.7

138.2
71.5
9.1
13.9

145.7
74.5
9.7
14.0

147.1
75.4
9.6
14.1

Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

See footnotes at end of table.




90

(1)
(1)

(M
(1) 1.3
1.6
(1)
.9
7.7

7.5
2.8

(M

(1)

<1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
9.9

(M
(11)
(1)
( 1)
()

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.8
.9

.8
.9
1

1

( )

( )
3.2
.7

3.2
.7
1

1

( )
.2

2.9

2.9
.4

.5
(1)
(1)

.6

.5

.6

(M

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

( )
.2

.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

\danufacturinc
State and area
February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

75.4
97.1

73.5
95.4

73.8
95.8

15.6
17.8

15.5
17.4

15.4
17.3

97.5
115.4

102.6
118.0

102.4
117.5

346.7
21.9
27.2
118.6

343.8
22.5
27.1
117.8

342.3
22.6
27.1
117.1

85.8
12.8
13.2
19.6

87.9
13.4
13.7
20.2

88.4
13.6
13.6
20.3

424.8
58.2
66.2
119.9

435.8
60.8
69.2
122.5

437.2
61.2
69.8
122.8

49.5
4.6
14.6

50.1
4.4
14.5

50.0
4.3
14.3

16.6
2.0
6.8

16.8
2.1
6.6

16.8
2.1
6.6

86.2
13.1
26.2

90.0
14.2
27.3

89.5
14.1
27.1

507.0
43.6
48.6
49.0
63.0
95.8

507.5
44.6
47.1
49.4
62.0
97.7

507.4
44.6
47.2
49.1
62.2
97.9

167.9
17.3
7.8
14.8
68.8
33.4

169.5
19.0
8.2
14.6
70.7
34.6

169.4
19.0
8.2
14.6
71.9
34.6

613.9
47.9
44.7
86.1
142.5
158.6

619.7
48.4
45.7
86.4
148.1
161.6

620.4
48.3
45.6
86.5
147.0
161.3

1,090.4
3.5
9.3
79.2
24.8
15.2
12.1
4.9
13.2
250.6
40.1
111.6
8.3
214.5
9.5
1.8
19.0
7.0
12.6
6.6
4.7
53.3
9.8
5.7
10.9
3.1
16.4
8.8

1,078.6
3.4
8.9
81.7
24.0
13.4
12.5
5.3
13.2
246.6
38.7
111.9
8.1
204.4
9.4
2.0
18.0
7.1
13.1
6.3
4.7
54.3
9.9
5.8
11.4
3.1
16.5
8.0

1,079.5
3.6
8.9
82.0
23.4
13.5
12.3
5.3
13.2
247.2
38.5
111.9
8.0
204.8
9.4
2.0
18.0
7.2
13.0
6.4
4.8
54.3
9.9
5.8
11.4
2.9
16.4
8.0

553.9
2.5
5.3
20.3
7.8
2.7
5.1
1.6
6.6
127.9
14.2
73.0
3.5
146.8
3.4
11.4
4.0
6.0
5.4
3.8
2.8
33.4
1.6
2.6
3.4
1.5
4.3
2.5

571.5
2.6
5.3
22.6
7.7
2.8
5.2
1.6
6.8
130.7
15.5
76.0
3.7
148.5
3.5
12.1
4.0
6.6
6.1
3.9
2.8
34.7
1.7
2.7
3.4
1.6
4.6
2.5

573.6
2.6
5.4
22.7
7.7
2.7
5.3
1.6
6.8
131.3
15.6
76.4
3.6
149.4
3.5
12.2
4.0
6.6
6.2
3.9
2.8
34.8
1.8
2.7
3.4
1.6
4.6
2.5

2,118.5
14.5
26.5
135.1
36.1
15.0
24.1
15.4
36.0
451.1
58.1
185.1
19.5
452.8
23.3
16.9
22.5
32.0
39.5
26.8
9.9
165.2
9.7
13.7
20.9
9.3
21.8
13.7

2,186.7
14.6
26.7
143.4
36.3
15.7
25.5
15.2
36.3
464.9
58.7
192.1
20.3
469.5
24.0
17.5
22.7
32.7
40.9
27.0
10.0
171.9
9.9
13.9
22.2
9.6
22.4
13.8

2,186.8
14.6
26.7
144.0
36.2
15.6
25.6
15.5
36.2
465.3
58.8
191.6
20.6
468.7
23.9
17.3
22.6
32.8
40.8
26.8
10.0
171.8
9.9
13.9
22.1
9.5
22.4
13.9

130.9
17.7
83.8

132.0
18.0
84.1

132.5
18.0
84.1

58.0
2.3
46.3

59.2
2.3
46.3

59.3
2.4
46.3

240.9
33.1
163.0

246.8
34.2
165.9

246.1
34.0
165.3

47.1
3.5
18.1

47.5
3.6
19.3

47.3
3.8
19.5

12.1
1.1
4.9

12.6
1.1
4.7

12.4
1.1
4.7

65.1
7.0
22.4

67.3
7.0
22.9

66.7
7.0
22.6

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

395.5
9.2
8.1
15.0
25.3
69.8
40.7
60.1
19.2

397.0
9.5
8.2
15.5
24.8
69.0
38.9
61.4
18.8

395.0
9.5
8.2
15.4
24.8
69.2
38.5
60.8
18.9

172.3
1.3
2.4
1.0
3.5
31.1
66.2
26.9
8.8

182.3
1.4
2.4
1.0
3.6
34.2
71.2
28.3
8.7

184.3
1.4
2.4
1.0
3.7
34.4
71.6
28.3
8.8

723.1
10.2
16.5
9.6
20.6
157.7
214.3
123.5
35.2

741.1
11.0
17.0
10.1
21.7
159.4
222.0
125.8
36.4

731.1
11.0
17.4
9.9
21.7
158.5
218.5
125.3
36.1

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

365.5
221.1
21.3
24.2

349.4
204.5
21.4
24.5

348.9
203.8
21.4
24.4

135.8
81.4
7.8
9.5

137.2
85.0
8.1
9.2

137.7
85.5
8.2
9.3

615.0
316.4
47.5
57.6

633.9
330.8
49.2
58.4

632.9
330.6
48.9
58.3

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
iind real estate

Services

Government

State and area
February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

29.2
30.7

29.5
30.9

29.6
31.0

153.9
165.6

155.1
163.6

158.3
166.3

63.6
65.8

64.3
66.3

64.4
66.2

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

79.7
8.7
22.5
16.1

81.2
8.7
23.1
16.3

81.6
8.7
23.2
16.4

428.7
66.1
73.5
103.5

441.8
72.7
76.2
107.0

446.9
73.2
77.4
108.1

319.3
50.6
77.3
61.2

320.2
48.7
75.2
59.9

324.1
50.0
76.7
60.3

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

23.6
2.9
12.7

25.1
3.2
13.7

25.2
3.3
13.8

96.7
14.3
32.2

100.3
14.5
34.1

101.1
14.5
34.3

72.1
7.5
10.0

72.1
7.5
10.2

72.7
7.7
10.3

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

129.6
16.2
8.2
15.0
28.9
43.4

130.3
16.6
7.9
15.6
28.7
43.9

130.2
16.6
7.9
15.6
28.5
44.0

695.1
56.8
45.9
87.0
166.0
207.3

715.4
57.1
47.9
88.4
168.7
211.7

718.5
57.1
48.0
87.7
170.1
213.9

394.6
33.4
30.2
55.4
82.8
85.7

391.4
33.1
29.3
54.9
81.7
85.1

400.0
33.2
30.4
55.5
84.3
87.1

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

507.2
2.5
5.3
32.4
5.2
2.0
3.7
2.7
6.1
153.6
9.9
35.4
6.4
110.5
4.2
2.4
3.6
5.8
5.1
3.9
1.7
47.2
2.6
1.7
3.9
1.4
6.3
2.2

526.2
2.5
5.5
34.3
5.3
2.0
3.8
2.7
6.2
156.3
9.9
36.6
5.7
115.0
4.6
2.7
3.7
6.1
5.4
4.0
1.7
50.9
2.8
1.8
4.1
1.5
6.7
2.2

528.4
2.5
5.5
34.3
5.3
2.0
3.8
2.8
6.1
157.3
9.9
36.8
5.8
115.5
4.7
2.7
3.7
6.1
5.4
4.0
1.7
51.0
2.9
1.8
4.0
1.5
6.7
2.2

2,546.8
19.6
27.4
181.4
41.2
14.0
28.2
15.9
49.2
573.7
58.5
205.1
19.3
611.1
27.7
12.5
21.9
34.4
33.6
23.7
12.1
216.7
11.7
14.3
23.5

2,616.2
20.1
28.0
191.1
40.4
14.5
29.6
16.6
49.2
599.4
60.3
211.9
20.2
623.7
28.3
13.1
22.4
37.1
35.9
23.4
12.2
225.4
12.4
14.7
23.5
10.2
30.6
16.0

1,553.1
10.0
17.2
134.6
26.8
14.5
24.0
30.1
30.8
210.4
55.5
97.0
26.0
264.8
28.2
15.4
11.7
25.9
39.4
18.7
9.1
136.3
6.1
11.4
11.6

29.3
16.0

2,591.2
19.8
27.9
188.3
40.4
14.4
29.4
16.3
48.9
592.6
59.9
208.1
19.9
619.4
28.0
13.1
22.3
36.7
35.7
23.6
12.1
222.9
12.5
14.7
23.5
10.1
30.0
15.9

15.3
12.8

1,559.0
10.1
17.1
134.6
27.2
14.4
24.6
27.9
30.6
215.6
55.5
98.8
25.5
269.9
27.7
15.2
11.9
25.4
40.6
18.4
9.0
132.6
6.1
11.3
11.8
6.5
15.1
12.9

1,586.8
10.2
17.5
138.2
27.3
14.8
24.7
30.4
30.9
217.2
56.2
100.6
25.4
274.3
28.0
15.4
12.1
26.3
41.0
18.9
9.1
133.9
6.3
11.5
11.9
6.6
15.1
12.9

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

56.4
4.5
46.0

56.5
4.6
46.5

56.4
4.5
46.5

285.5
57.0
187.0

292.0
57.9
192.9

295.6
58.7
195.4

181.5
19.7
116.7

179.6
19.7
115.3

184.9
20.1
119.8

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.3
2.4
5.0

12.4
2.5
5.4

12.3
2.5
5.4

90.5
8.9
29.9

91.1
9.0
30.4

93.2
9.2
30.8

49.2
7.8
16.8

47.5
7.8
16.0

49.6
7.9
16.8

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

181.1
1.2
4.6
1.4
4.3
34.3
59.9
47.5
10.2

183.8
1.2
4.8
1.4
4.3
34.2
60.1
49.4
10.2

184.2
1.2
4.7
1.4
4.3
34.3
60.3
49.8
10.2

1,055.4
8.2
21.2
10.4
28.1
198.2
428.3
143.6
41.7

1,080.7
8.9
21.9
10.6
28.9
200.9
451.9
146.1
42.2

1,089.6
9.1
21.9
10.7
29.5
202.4
456.5
147.9
42.6

613.0
5.8
26.9
6.1
13.2
144.3
181.8
104.0
17.8

613.4
5.8
25.4
6.1
13.5
144.9
186.1
105.1
17.5

621.0
5.8
27.3
6.1
13.5
145.9
187.9
106.4
17.8

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

136.3
83.5
10.8
12.4

136.8
84.2
11.0
12.6

137.8
84.3
11.0
12.7

715.6
398.8
56.8
67.4

732.3
407.8
56.7
70.3

741.3
408.9
57.2
71.7

475.8
186.9
32.4
48.9

476.7
189.0
32.0
49.6

483.5
193.6
32.7
50.1

See footnotes at end of table.




92

9.6

6.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
February
1999

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

January
2000

February
2000P

707.3
132.2
120.6
68.3
65.3

714.5
133.3
122.7
69.2
65.4

715.9
133.4
124.0
68.4
65.5

2,699.6
195.9
74.5
140.0
69.3
53.8
70.2
275.3
844.3
80.0
59.6
66.6

2,739.3
204.3
75.6
147.2
69.1
54.7
68.3
282.8
859.6
79.2
61.6
69.8

2,749.3
203.6
77.3
148.1
68.9
55.4
70.1
283.9
862.0
79.9
61.5
69.6

Wyoming
Casper

220.9
30.5

226.2
30.4

225.9
30.4

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

991.1
68.3
70.0
76.9
622.9

985.0
69.3
66.2
77.6
617.2

990.2
69.8
65.8
77.1
621.8

2

2

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Virgin Islands

41.5

( )

( )

See footnotes at end of table.




93

February
1999

January
2000

20.7
2.1
1.0
.3
1.5

21.9
2.1
1.0
.3
1.7
2.2

15.2
1.7

.7
1

( )

28.6
5.7
5.6
3.6
2.3

2.1

101.6
10.0
2.4
6.7
2.6
2.1
2.3
12.1
28.6
3.0
2.4
2.8

107.1
11.9
2.7
6.9
2.9
2.2
2.4
12.9
32.4
2.8
2.5
3.2

106.5
12.2
2.6
7.0
2.9
2.2
2.4
12.7
32.4
2.8
2.5
3.1

15.4
1.6

14.1
1.8

15.2
1.7

15.0
1.8

1.6

65.3
3.5
4.7
6.3
44.3

67.5
4.3
4.3
7.1
44.4

69.0
4.4
4.5
7.2
45.4

(M
(11)
()
(M
(11)
(1)
(1)
()
<1)

1.5

(M
(1)
(1)
1

( )

(1)
(1)
.7

(M
1

February
2000P

29.0
6.0
5.4
3.7
2.4

15.6
1.7

1.3
(1)
(1)
(1)

January
2000

29.1
6.0
4.6
3.6
2.0

(1)
(1)

(M
(11)
(1)
(1)
()
(1)

February
1999

20.7
2.0
1.0
.3
1.5

2.1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
<1)

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
(1)

February
2000P

( )

.8

1.5

(2)

(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
February
1999

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

January
2000

February
2000P

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

80.8
10.3
15.3
12.8
6.0

82.3
10.4
15.4
12.7
5.8

82.1
10.4
15.2
12.6
5.8

37.1
9.0
6.6
2.7
2.5

37.9
9.6
6.9
2.7
2.4

37.7
9.5
7.0
2.7
2.4

157.6
30.7
30.5
16.8
16.0

159.7
30.5
31.1
18.3
17.1

159.1
30.3
30.8
17.8
16.7

612.2
59.4
13.9
28.9
20.3
12.3
11.9
29.6
175.6
24.8
25.2
18.6

610.8
60.5
13.6
30.0
19.2
12.0
11.2
30.9
172.8
23.3
26.6
19.0

609.7
59.8
13.6
29.7
19.0
12.0
11.2
31.0
172.7
23.8
26.4
18.8

126.6
8.2
3.5
10.2
3.1
1.9
3.3
9.2
39.9
2.4
1.5
3.4

128.7
8.8
3.4
10.9
3.4
2.0
3.4
9.4
39.9
2.2
1.4
3.3

128.6
8.8
3.5
10.9
3.4
2.0
3.4
9.4
39.7
2.2
1.4
3.4

601.3
40.6
19.5
31.9
16.0
13.0
17.8
58.8
179.9
16.6
10.4
16.3

621.8
42.7
20.8
34.2
16.5
14.2
17.9
61.1
186.6
17.2
10.8
17.7

617.7
41.9
20.9
33.7
16.5
14.2
18.0
59.7
185.1
17.0
10.7
17.6

10.7
1.5

11.0
1.5

10.9
1.5

13.9
1.7

13.8
1.5

13.8
1.5

50.2
8.1

52.2
8.5

51.5
8.4

143.5
14.8
16.5
9.2

141.0
13.8
14.5
9.1
65.8

142.3
14.5
14.2
9.0
66.4

28.0
1.3
.8
2.2
20.8

33.6
1.6
1.3
2.4
24.6

33.7
1.6
1.3
2.4
24.3

204.5
15.7
12.2
13.6
133.4

210.9
17.2
12.7
15.2

208.2
16.7
12.3
14.5
136.1

66.5
2.4

2.4

See footnotes at end of table.




February
1999

94

9.2

137.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
February
1999

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

January
2000

February
2000P

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

29.6
8.1
4.5
2.6
2.7

29.4
7.7
4.9
2.6
2.8

29.6
7.8
5.2
2.6
2.8

211.7
42.0
36.5
20.1
24.2

216.9
42.5
37.1
19.6
23.6

217.9
42.8
37.9
19.2
24.3

139.5
24.0
21.6

144.0
9.4
2.4
11.3

148.3

1.8

5.1

1.8
1.5
2.6
23.3
60.0
2.4
2.2
5.2

148.4
9.6
2.4
13.3
1.8
1.5
2.6
23.2

60.0
2.4
2.2
5.2

708.2
45.1
20.3
34.7
16.6
14.4
21.6
69.4
269.9
21.1
11.6
12.8

723.4
47.9
21.6
35.7
16.7
14.3
21.3
72.5
276.6
21.8
11.5
13.8

728.4
47.7
21.9
36.6
16.6
14.6
21.7
73.4
279.0
22.1
11.6
13.8

7.8
1.2

8.0
1.2

8.0
1.2

49.3
9.0

51.0
8.8

51.1
8.9

59.7
5.5

59.4
5.5

60.2
5.5

48.3
1.8
2.1
2.2
38.1

49.2
1.7
2.0
2.3
38.9

49.2
1.7
2.0
2.3
38.8

205.4
13.1
12.2
18.2

206.3
12.7
12.0
17.5

136.1

136.9

208.9
13.0
12.0
17.6
137.9

294.8
18.1
21.5
25.2
183.0

275.0
18.0
19.4
24.0
168.9

277.3
17.9
19.5
24.1
172.1

1.6
2.5
22.5
57.6
2.4
2.2

9.6
2.4
13.0

10.8

1.9

1

138.6
24.5

140.2

20.9
9.3

21.3

9.8

9.7

403.5
23.2
12.4

397.1

16.3

16.6

8.7
8.5
10.7
73.6

8.7
8.5
9.4
72.7
91.4

407.8
23.5
12.5
17.0
8.8
8.9

9.4
10.2

92.7
9.7
6.4
7.7

22.8
11.1

9.4
6.6
7.6

24.9

9.6

10.7
74.4
93.0
9.7
6.7
7.8

13.3

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data (with the exception of data for New Jersey) have been adjusted to
March 1999 benchmarks.

Combined with construction.
Not available.
P = preliminary.
2




February
1999

95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

34.3

34.2

34.4

34.2

34.2

40.5

40.5

40.8

40.8

40.8

42.7

42.2

44.3

44.1

43.7

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

43.7
44.6
44.8

43.5
46.0
43.8

44.0
46.1
45.1

43.8
45.5
46.6

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

45.3
45.4

45.2
45.3

45.5
45.7

45.0
45.1

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

41.0
40.3
41.2

40.3
39.4
40.8

43.9
42.0
45.0

43.8
41.2
45.2

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

44.7
46.9

44.2
45.8

44.6
46.2

44.2
45.3

38.0

37.7

38.3

38.7

15
152
153
154

37.6
36.1
37.2
39.1

37.4
36.1
38.6
38.7

37.5
36.1
36.1
39.0

37.7
36.1
35.6
39.4

16
161
162

41.2
39.9
41.7

40.3
39.1
40.7

41.7
40.9
42.0

42.6
41.2
43.0

17
171
172

37.4
38.4
35.6
39.2
35.4
35.8
33.5

37.3
38.5
36.0
39.2
35.3
36.3
31.8

37.8
39.1
36.3
39.4
35.5
36.3
32.8

38.1
39.0
36.8
39.6
36.2
36.7
33.4

41.4
42.0
40.8
40.6
42.2
42.9
40.3
41.5
40.7
41.4
42.4
43.9
39.0
37.8
38.1
40.2

41.6
42.2
40.7
41.1
42.6
43.5
40.4
41.1
40.4
40.6
42.7
44.4
38.4
36.2
35.7
40.7

41.5
42.1
40.4
41.8
42.6
43.3
40.8
40.4
40.0
40.6
42.4
40.9
39.6
35.5
35.0
40.2

41.5
42.1
40.4

2451
249

41.3
41.9
40.3
40.1
42.2
42.9
40.2
40.6
40.3
39.5
42.4
42.5
39.0
37.2
37.4
39.8

4.2
4.4
3.9
4.9
5.0
5.5
3.2
3.9
3.1
3.3
5.1
6.3
3.4
2.1
2.1
3.1

4.4
4.5
4.2
5.0
5.1
5.5
3.5
4.5
3.4
4.9
5.4
6.4
3.5
2.3
2.4
3.4

4.5
4.7
3.9
4.6
5.1
5.8
2.9
4.0
3.4
3.8
5.2
5.7
2.9
1.9
1.7
3.7

4.4
4.7
3.9
5.0
5.1
5.8
2.8
3.6
3.0
3.7
5.3
5.1
3.6
1.6
1.4
3.6

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

39.8
39.2
38.9
39.6
39.7
39.4
41.3
39.6
41.4
38.8

40.0
39.4
39.0
39.9
41.0
39.6
41.2
39.7
41.8
38.6

40.1
39.9
39.8
38.9
43.8
40.6
42.3
39.3
40.3
38.1

39.8
39.6
39.8
38.8
42.0
39.8
40.8
40.0
40.9
36.8

40.1

3.2
2.8
2.8
2.7
3.1
3.5
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.1

3.6
3.2
3.2
3.0
3.8
3.9
3.8
4.1
4.5
3.4

3.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
5.3
4.1
4.2
3.4
3.5
2.5

3.4
3.3
3.4
2.7
4.0
3.6
3.3
3.9
4.0
2.0

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

173

174
175
176

24
241
242

2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245

See footnotes at end of table.




96

Mar.
2000P

38.7

4.5
4.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

$13.10

$13.12

$13.58

$13.59

$13.62

$449.33

$448.70

$467.15

$464.78

$465.80

14.45

14.53

15.04

15.05

15.13

585.23

588.47

613.63

614.04

617.30

17.08

17.01

17.24

17.15

17.22

729.32

717.82

763.73

756.32

752.51

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

18.16
19.95
16.52

18.20
20.08
16.32

18.91
20.60
16.67

18.63
19.64
16.68

793.59
889.77
740.10

791.70
923.68
714.82

832.04
949.66
751.82

815.99
893.62
777.29

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

19.11
19.38

19.12
19.37

19.42
19.65

19.40
19.64

865.68
879.85

864.22
877.46

883.61
898.01

873.00
885.76

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

16.98
23.33
13.53

16.83
22.80
13.64

16.95
23.79
13.31

16.86
24.08
13.26

696.18
940.20
557.44

678.25
898.32
556.51

744.11
999.18
598.95

738.47
992.10
599.35

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

14.81
14.06

14.91
14.14

15.26
14.65

15.22
14.65

662.01
659.41

659.02
647.61

680.60
676.83

672.72
663.65

16.66

16.79

17.34

17.37

633.08

632.98

664.12

672.22

15
152
153
154

16.15
15.06
15.18
17.18

16.32
15.25
14.91
17.36

16.88
15.69
16.32
18.02

16.89
15.64
16.53
18.06

607.24
543.67
564.70
671.74

610.37
550.53
575.53
671.83

633.00
566.41
589.15
702.78

636.75
564.60
588.47
711.56

16
161
162

15.90
15.20
16.10

16.03
15.61
16.17

16.48
16.02
16.62

16.51
15.97
16.67

655.08
606.48
671.37

646.01
610.35
658.12

687.22
655.22
698.04

703.33
657.96
716.81

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

17.01
17.32
15.27
18.56
16.66
16.68
14.86

17.12
17.44
15.43
18.70
16.80
17.05
14.79

17.68
18.02
15.59
19.45
17.15
17.60
15.39

17.72
18.06
15.63
19.44
17.20
17.83
15.54

636.17
665.09
543.61
727.55
589.76
597.14
497.81

638.58
671.44
555.48
733.04
593.04
618.92
470.32

668.30
704.58
565.92
766.33
608.83
638.88
504.79

675.13
704.34
575.18
769.82
622.64
654.36
519.04

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

13.66
14.12
11.26
12.80
11.30
11.74
9.68
11.37
11.28
11.44
10.25
13.59
9.01
11.46
11.60
10.72

13.73
14.20
11.31
12.80
11.36
11.81
9.71
11.46
11.31
11.63
10.29
13.62
9.04
11.49
11.65
10.71

14.19
14.72
11.66
13.20
11.69
12.18
9.91
11.82
11.85
11.75
10.63
14.32
9.42
11.76
11.96
10.99

14.19
14.73
11.61
13.22
11.67
12.17
9.88
11.76
11.78
11.75
10.68
14.17
9.46
11.66
11.79
10.91

14.24
14.78
11.64

564.16
591.63
453.78
513.28
476.86
503.65
389.14
461.62
454.58
451.88
434.60
577.58
351.39
426.31
433.84
426.66

568.42
596.40
461.45
519.68
479.39
506.65
391.31
475.59
460.32
481.48
436.30
597.92
352.56
434.32
443.87
430.54

590.30
621.18
474.56
542.52
497.99
529.83
400.36
485.80
478.74
477.05
453.90
635.81
361.73
425.71
426.97
447.29

588.89
620.13
469.04
552.60
497.14
526.96
403.10
475.10
471.20
477.05
452.83
579.55
374.62
413.93
412.65
438.58

590.96
622.24
470.26

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

11.06
10.51
10.02
11.34
9.57
11.26
11.74
12.38
11.63
11.19

11.10
10.55
10.05
11.43
9.66
11.21
11.73
12.53
11.66
11.21

11.46
10.87
10.39
11.67
10.12
11.64
12.42
12.61
12.03
11.77

11.50
10.92
10.44
11.73
10.04
11.58
12.39
12.71
12.17
11.62

11.57

440.19
411.99
389.78
449.06
379.93
443.64
484.86
490.25
481.48
434.17

444.00
415.67
391.95
456.06
396.06
443.92
483.28
497.44
487.39
432.71

459.55
433.71
413.52
453.96
443.26
472.58
525.37
495.57
484.81
448.44

457.70
432.43
415.51
455.12
421.68
460.88
505.51
508.40
497.75
427.62

463.96

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

See footnotes at end of table.




97

17.47

676.09

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

42.2
41.1
42.4
43.8
41.5
41.4
46.3
41.6
41.7
42.5
44.6
43.6
40.4
42.6
42.2
46.4

42.4
43.4
41.6
42.9
40.9
42.6
43.8
42.5
41.5
42.3
45.9
42.7
40.9
43.5
43.4
46.2

42.4
42.2
42.0
42.8
41.6
42.8
45.0
42.1
41.4
42.5
45.2
43.4
40.8
43.1
43.4
47.8

42.4

3292

42.3
42.3
41.3
43.0
40.3
42.1
45.6
42.2
41.7
42.6
45.3
43.3
40.6
42.7
41.6
46.1

5.5
5.4
5.0
6.1
4.3
4.3
6.7
5.0
4.8
6.5
7.6
6.6
5.7
5.1
2.6
7.9

5.6
5.4
5.1
6.2
4.4
4.2
7.6
4.9
5.3
6.4
7.5
6.7
5.5
5.3
3.0
8.3

5.5
4.9
4.9
5.7
4.5
4.6
5.6
5.0
4.6
6.3
8.3
6.3
5.8
5.4
3.3
9.1

5.6
5.1
4.9
5.5
4.5
4.5
6.9
4.9
4.6
6.6
8.3
6.7
6.1
5.2
3.1
9.5

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

43.7
43.7
43.6
44.5
44.4
45.7
41.1
42.9
43.4
43.7
43.3
43.3
42.3
43.4
43.4
43.1

43.9
43.9
43.8
44.9
44.2
45.5
43.5
42.1
44.0
43.9
44.0
43.2
43.4
44.3
43.1
43.8

44.6
45.3
45.7
44.7
45.0
46.7
41.5
41.5
44.2
44.2
44.5
42.9
44.0
44.6
43.2
43.7

44.4
45.3
45.6
45.3
45.0
46.8
42.3
41.6
43.6
43.5
44.0
43.7
43.8
43.4
42.8
43.3

44.1
44.5

6.0
5.4
5.5
5.5
6.2
7.2
5.6
4.8
6.3
7.0
7.1
7.6
9.5
6.8
5.1
4.8

6.1
5.6
5.7
5.8
6.3
7.5
6.7
4.7
6.4
6.9
7.5
7.8
9.4
7.4
4.9
5.3

6.8
6.8
7.1
6.3
6.7
7.9
6.4
3.7
7.0
7.4
7.7
8.3
9.3
8.0
5.3
5.2

6.7
6.9
7.3
6.5
6.7
7.9
6.5
4.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.4
9.1
7.6
5.0
4.8

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341

41.8
44.0
44.2
41.1
42.8
40.8
41.5
41.2
39.8
41.4
43.5
40.0
42.4
40.6
41.1
42.7
41.1
44.6
43.0
43.1
44.0
41.0
41.1
40.9
41.4
41.2
42.8
41.5
41.5
40.2

41.8
43.6
43.5
41.4
42.7
41.2
41.9
41.6
40.0
41.5
43.0
40.2
42.7
41.0
40.7
42.7
41.1
44.6
42.9
42.4
43.9
41.4
41.1
40.8
41.6
41.2
42.3
41.3
40.7
40.0

42.3
44.7
45.0
42.5
42.6
42.8
42.6
41.1
41.4
41.9
43.2
40.6
43.7
40.9
41.5
43.3
42.2
44.6
42.9
43.9
43.5
41.6
41.7
41.4
42.2
41.0
42.5
41.6
40.9
41.5

42.2
44.4
44.9
42.5
43.2
42.3
42.4
40.4
41.0
41.7
42.8
39.6
43.1
41.3
41.8
42.9
42.3
43.6
43.0
43.7
43.7
41.8
41.9
41.4
42.6
41.5
43.2
41.6
41.3
41.4

42.1

4.4
6.3
6.4
3.6
4.1
3.6
3.6
3.5
2.6
4.3
5.8
3.2
4.9
3.7
3.9
4.8
4.0
5.8
5.0
5.1
5.4
4.1
4.6
4.7
4.5
3.4
3.5
3.9
3.5
3.5

4.5
6.7
6.6
4.0
4.5
4.0
4.0
3.9
2.5
4.3
5.5
3.2
5.1
3.8
3.8
5.0
4.2
6.0
5.1
5.0
5.4
4.3
4.7
4.6
4.8
3.7
3.4
3.9
3.0
3.4

4.7
6.0
5.9
4.2
3.9
4.8
4.4
3.7
3.9
4.5
5.7
3.3
5.6
3.8
4.0
5.4
4.8
6.0
5.4
5.6
5.7
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.6
3.7
2.6
4.3
3.7
3.9

4.6
6.2
6.3
3.9
3.6
4.3
4.3
3.1
3.8
4.3
5.6
2.5
5.2
3.9
4.0
5.4
5.0
5.8
5.3
5.4
5.7
4.4
4.7
4.6
4.9
3.9
2.7
4.2
3.9
3.9

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

32
321
322
3221

3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291

3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345

3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483

349
3494
3496

See footnotes at end of table.




98

Mar.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221

3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291

3292

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341

336
3365

3411
342
3423,5

3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345

3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471

3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Average hourly earnings

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

$13.64
17.45
15.81
16.66
15.27
12.48
18.98
12.17
11.94
13.02
12.65
11.76
13.79
13.89
12.79
14.29

$13.70
17.77
15.54
16.59
14.88
12.47
19.32
12.27
12.06
13.13
12.76
11.86
13.97
14.01
12.82
14.67

$13.98
18.86
15.74
16.85
15.09
12.66
19.10
12.54
11.92
13.50
13.14
12.06
14.44
14.39
13.49
14.44

$13.99
19.19
15.77
16.81
15.18
12.63
19.43
12.49
11.90
13.47
13.12
12.14
14.38
14.40
13.56
14.66

$14.05

$576.97
738.14
652.95
716.38
615.38
525.41
865.49
513.57
497.90
554.65
573.05
509.21
559.87
593.10
532.06
658.77

$578.14
730.35
658.90
726.64
617.52
516.26
894.52
510.43
502.90
558.03
569.10
517.10
564.39
596.83
541.00
680.69

$592.75
818.52
654.78
722.87
617.18
539.32
836.58
532.95
494.68
571.05
603.13
514.96
590.60
625.97
585.47
667.13

$593.18
809.82
662.34
719.47
631.49
540.56
874.35
525.83
492.66
572.48
593.02
526.88
586.70
620.64
588.50
700.75

$595.72

15.41
18.50
20.23
14.13
14.06
14.48
14.42
13.63
17.12
16.99
14.17
15.48
16.77
13.75
12.48
11.95

15.53
18.56
20.34
13.84
14.28
14.84
14.42
13.60
17.07
17.06
14.34
15.51
17.11
13.91
12.55
11.94

16.22
19.23
21.03
14.34
15.15
16.00
14.91
13.90
17.92
17.88
14.80
16.09
16.88
14.53
13.20
12.74

16.29
19.39
21.27
14.35
15.23
16.10
15.19
14.00
17.85
17.88
14.82
16.16
17.00
14.57
13.20
12.75

16.42
19.80

673.42
808.45
882.03
628.79
624.26
661.74
592.66
584.73
743.01
742.46
613.56
670.28
709.37
596.75
541.63
515.05

681.77
814.78
890.89
621.42
631.18
675.22
627.27
572.56
751.08
748.93
630.96
670.03
742.57
616.21
540.91
522.97

723.41
871.12
961.07
641.00
681.75
747.20
618.77
576.85
792.06
790.30
658.60
690.26
742.72
648.04
570.24
556.74

723.28
878.37
969.91
650.06
685.35
753.48
642.54
582.40
778.26
777.78
652.08
706.19
744.60
632.34
564.96
552.08

724.12
881.10

13.29
16.61
17.59
12.36
12.53
12.33
11.85
11.47
12.13
12.75
12.94
10.88
14.06
13.04
12.15
13.68
12.85
14.56
15.46
14.78
17.48
12.96
11.44
11.29
11.67
15.29
16.44
12.73
12.96
11.22

13.33
16.76
17.80
12.41
12.57
12.36
11.89
11.59
12.20
12.80
13.07
10.81
14.08
13.16
12.18
13.77
12.85
14.74
15.48
14.87
17.49
12.99
11.45
11.30
11.69
15.51
16.62
12.77
12.84
11.33

13.69
16.92
17.88
12.46
12.94
12.21
12.24
12.09
12.60
13.19
13.63
11.09
14.37
13.62
12.90
14.16
13.43
14.94
15.98
15.46
17.90
13.62
11.83
11.69
12.06
15.41
16.39
13.18
13.33
11.54

13.65
16.84
17.80
12.41
12.89
12.12
12.24
12.00
12.60
13.16
13.51
11.01
14.37
13.66
12.85
14.13
13.46
14.86
15.87
15.27
17.79
13.53
11.84
11.72
12.03
15.63
16.71
13.14
13.38
11.57

13.69

555.52
730.84
777.48
508.00
536.28
503.06
491.78
472.56
482.77
527.85
562.89
435.20
596.14
529.42
499.37
584.14
528.14
649.38
664.78
637.02
769.12
531.36
470.18
461.76
483.14
629.95
703.63
528.30
537.84
451.04

557.19
730.74
774.30
513.77
536.74
509.23
498.19
482.14
488.00
531.20
562.01
434.56
601.22
539.56
495.73
587.98
528.14
657.40
664.09
630.49
767.81
537.79
470.60
461.04
486.30
639.01
703.03
527.40
522.59
453.20

579.09
756.32
804.60
529.55
551.24
522.59
521.42
496.90
521.64
552.66
588.82
450.25
627.97
557.06
535.35
613.13
566.75
666.32
685.54
678.69
778.65
566.59
493.31
483.97
508.93
631.81
696.58
548.29
545.20
478.91

576.03
747.70
799.22
527.43
556.85
512.68
518.98
484.80
516.60
548.77
578.23
436.00
619.35
564.16
537.13
606.18
569.36
647.90
682.41
667.30
777.42
565.55
496.10
485.21
512.48
648.65
721.87
546.62
552.59
479.00

576.35

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

35
351

3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555

3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357

3571
3575,8,9
358
3585
359

3592
3596,9
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625

363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644

3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671

3674
3679
369
3691

3694

Average weekly hours
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

42.1
44.2
44.2
44.2
41.3
41.5
42.6
43.1
40.8
42.7
41.7
41.8
43.0
42.8
43.7
43.4
42.2
41.3
41.8
39.5
41.3
41.6
41.6
40.3
42.1
42.9
41.8
41.6
40.8
41.2
40.9

42.1
44.7
44.3
44.8
41.5
41.4
42.6
43.5
39.9
42.8
41.4
41.5
42.8
42.8
43.1
43.4
41.5
40.7
41.8
39.4
41.1
41.8
41.6
40.6
41.6
44.0
41.5
41.7
40.6
40.9
40.8

42.5
45.0
47.7
44.2
42.1
42.7
43.6
44.3
41.0
45.5
42.2
43.0
43.2
43.2
44.9
44.1
41.7
39.5
42.9
42.0
41.5
42.7
42.7
41.3
44.4
42.0
43.0
42.3
41.8
39.2
37.9

42.4
43.2
46.1
42.4
42.4
43.0
43.7
44.7
40.5
45.2
43.0
42.5
43.1
43.3
45.5
44.1
41.8
39.1
42.7
42.1
41.6
41.9
42.7
41.3
43.4
43.0
42.9
42.3
42.7
38.6
37.7

42.5

4.6
6.4
5.3
6.7
3.4
3.4
4.8
4.9
3.1
7.0
3.6
3.8
5.5
4.4
6.1
6.2
4.1
3.3
4.3
3.1
3.9
3.9
4.0
3.5
4.7
4.3
2.8
4.4
3.8
4.0
4.4

4.8
7.0
5.6
7.4
3.5
3.5
5.0
5.5
2.7
6.8
3.8
3.5
5.5
4.7
5.5
6.2
4.3
3.5
4.5
3.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
3.4
4.6
5.2
2.9
4.9
4.2
3.6
4.0

4.9
6.7
7.7
6.4
3.9
4.5
5.3
5.4
3.7
7.8
4.9
3.9
6.0
5.3
6.3
6.6
4.9
4.2
4.9
3.8
4.1
4.8
4.8
3.5
7.0
3.6
4.4
4.5
5.4
2.6
1.3

5.0
5.5
6.7
5.2
4.3
5.0
5.4
5.8
3.8
7.9
5.2
3.8
6.0
5.1
6.5
6.5
4.9
4.1
4.9
3.5
4.6
4.4
4.8
3.8
6.4
4.4
4.1
4.9
5.9
2.6
1.7

41.8
41.8
41.9
42.1
40.5
42.2

41.3
41.9
42.4
42.2
40.4
42.4

40.8
41.6
41.7
43.0
41.9
43.0

39.5
41.5
41.8
43.1
41.6
43.2

4.2
4.2
4.4
4.7
4.9
4.8

3.8
4.7
5.3
5.0
5.4
5.1

5.2
4.2
4.7
5.4
6.0
5.4

4.8
4.3
4.7
5.6
5.8
5.7

41.1
40.4
41.7
39.3
41.6
42.3
40.4
40.9
41.4
39.6
40.3
41.2
43.2
39.9
41.4
39.6
39.0
37.5
40.6
42.6
41.4
43.9
42.1
41.1
41.7
41.4
42.4

40.8
40.4
42.1
39.0
40.9
41.1
40.2
40.7
41.3
39.2
41.1
41.1
42.9
40.2
41.3
39.8
38.4
38.1
40.2
42.0
41.2
42.5
41.5
41.1
41.2
40.7
41.8

41.6
42.3
42.6
42.0
41.3
41.4
41.1
40.1
37.0
39.8
40.5
41.3
42.7
40.3
42.7
39.2
39.8
40.5
41.9
42.4
42.0
41.9
44.6
39.7
42.0
41.2
43.1

41.4
42.6
43.2
42.0
41.5
41.3
41.6
40.0
39.7
38.9
39.7
41.8
44.0
41.8
42.3
38.7
38.8
39.7
41.5
42.1
41.8
43.1
42.8
40.3
41.6
40.5
42.7

3.5
3.6
3.0
4.1
3.4
3.5
2.9
1.8
1.6
2.3
1.3
4.0
5.7
3.7
4.1
3.2
3.9
2.2
2.6
3.0
3.8
2.8
4.6
3.5
4.4
4.1
5.1

3.6
3.8
3.4
4.1
3.2
3.2
3.0
2.1
1.9
3.8
2.2
4.1
5.5
4.0
4.1
3.1
4.4
2.7
2.6
3.2
3.9
2.9
4.3
3.5
3.9
3.4
4.7

3.8
4.8
4.0
5.5
3.5
3.6
3.4
2.1
0.5
0.5
2.3
4.1
4.8
3.9
4.6
2.2
4.5
3.8
3.3
3.8
4.1
2.8
5.1
3.1
4.4
4.2
5.4

3.9
5.1
4.4
5.7
3.9
3.7
4.3
1.9
0.6
0.4
2.3
4.3
5.2
4.7
4.6
1.9
4.5
3.6
3.3
4.2
4.2
3.1
5.2
3.3
4.2
4.0
5.0

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

100

41.6

Mar.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

$14.72
17.83
20.10
17.10
13.30
14.21
13.98
14.10
14.52
14.44
14.25
12.93
15.69
15.42
16.32
16.42
13.71
12.73
15.40
13.40
16.11
15.07
14.09
15.17
14.59
14.33
11.67
15.42
13.95
15.94
17.76

$14.81
18.10
20.23
17.42
13.48
14.48
14.01
14.13
14.44
14.46
14.18
12.95
15.81
15.66
16.23
16.50
13.94
12.63
15.47
13.46
16.11
15.18
14.21
15.06
14.80
14.46
11.73
15.62
13.99
15.89
17.82

$15.39
17.99
22.09
16.75
14.27
15.23
14.50
14.62
14.96
15.13
14.67
13.33
16.30
16.25
16.77
16.96
14.48
13.52
16.18
14.12
16.44
15.65
14.60
15.36
15.33
14.94
12.29
16.67
14.62
17.32
19.46

$15.39
17.56
21.82
16.27
14.41
15.46
14.61
14.81
15.11
15.26
14.63
13.36
16.28
16.10
16.85
16.98
14.46
13.57
16.13
14.04
16.43
15.64
14.61
15.40
15.40
15.07
12.22
16.81
14.61
17.52
19.67

$15.38

$619.71
788.09
888.42
755.82
549.29
589.72
595.55
607.71
592.42
616.59
594.23
540.47
674.67
659.98
713.18
712.63
578.56
525.75
643.72
529.30
665.34
626.91
586.14
611.35
614.24
614.76
487.81
641.47
569.16
656.73
726.38

$623.50
809.07
896.19
780.42
559.42
599.47
596.83
614.66
576.16
618.89
587.05
537.43
676.67
670.25
699.51
716.10
578.51
514.04
646.65
530.32
662.12
634.52
591.14
611.44
615.68
636.24
486.80
651.35
567.99
649.90
727.06

$654.08
809.55
1,053.69
740.35
600.77
650.32
632.20
647.67
613.36
688.42
619.07
573.19
704.16
702.00
752.97
747.94
603.82
534.04
694.12
593.04
682.26
668.26
623.42
634.37
680.65
627.48
528.47
705.14
611.12
678.94
737.53

$652.54
758.59
1,005.90
689.85
610.98
664.78
638.46
662.01
611.96
689.75
629.09
567.80
701.67
697.13
766.68
748.82
604.43
530.59
688.75
591.08
683.49
655.32
623.85
636.02
668.36
648.01
524.24
711.06
623.85
676.27
741.56

$653.65

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

14.67
13.30
13.61
14.26
14.63
14.14

14.48
13.40
13.75
14.36
14.83
14.23

14.06
13.46
13.67
15.03
15.59
14.93

14.05
13.33
13.50
15.05
15.42
14.98

613.21
555.94
570.26
600.35
592.52
596.71

598.02
561.46
583.00
605.99
599.13
603.35

573.65
559.94
570.04
646.29
653.22
641.99

554.98
553.20
564.30
648.66
641.47
647.14

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

13.25
13.15
12.03
14.14
12.73
11.59
14.55
12.74
14.70
13.53
11.00
12.75
17.63
13.14
12.00
9.39
12.04
11.84
14.10
14.81
13.52
14.87
18.26
11.04
13.47
15.17
13.17

13.27
13.13
12.07
14.11
12.85
11.75
14.76
12.76
14.88
14.01
11.08
12.81
17.49
13.18
12.15
9.50
12.12
11.92
14.03
14.69
13.49
14.69
17.93
11.07
13.68
15.07
13.65

13.74
13.08
11.94
14.19
13.12
12.07
14.85
13.43
15.92
13.17
11.46
13.37
18.13
13.38
12.47
9.83
12.71
12.49
14.31
15.03
14.00
14.16
19.05
11.36
14.37
15.61
14.65

13.71
13.20
12.02
14.35
13.22
12.11
15.00
13.56
16.14
13.43
11.49
13.37
17.80
13.62
12.42
9.77
12.83
12.48
14.20
14.87
13.92
14.17
19.23
11.30
14.11
15.30
14.10

544.58
531.26
501.65
555.70
529.57
490.26
587.82
521.07
608.58
535.79
443.30
525.30
761.62
524.29
496.80
371.84
469.56
444.00
572.46
630.91
559.73
652.79
768.75
453.74
561.70
628.04
558.41

541.42
530.45
508.15
550.29
525.57
482.93
593.35
519.33
614.54
549.19
455.39
526.49
750.32
529.84
501.80
378.10
465.41
454.15
564.01
616.98
555.79
624.33
744.10
454.98
563.62
613.35
570.57

571.58
553.28
508.64
595.98
541.86
499.70
610.34
538.54
589.04
524.17
464.13
552.18
774.15
539.21
532.47
385.34
505.86
505.85
599.59
637.27
588.00
593.30
849.63
450.99
603.54
643.13
631.42

567.59
562.32
519.26
602.70
548.63
500.14
624.00
542.40
640.76
522.43
456.15
558.87
783.20
569.32
525.37
378.10
497.80
495.46
589.30
626.03
581.86
610.73
823.04
455.39
586.98
619.65
602.07

35
351

3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

101

13.77

572.83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1987
SIC
Code

37
371

3711
3713
3714
3715
372

3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376

3761
379
3792

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

43.9
45.0
45.3
43.7
45.4
40.9
43.1
42.6
44.1
43.0
40.9
41.6
39.8
41.7
41.8
41.3
41.0
39.2

43.9
45.1
45.1
43.9
45.5
41.9
42.9
42.3
44.1
42.8
40.9
41.6
39.8
41.5
42.0
41.1
41.3
39.8

43.7
44.9
44.6
43.4
45.5
43.8
42.9
42.7
45.3
41.7
40.6
41.0
40.1
41.1
41.0
40.2
40.3
39.7

43.9
45.0
45.4
44.4
45.2
42.4
43.2
43.0
45.7
42.1
40.9
41.1
40.6
41.7
41.1
40.8
41.2
40.0

43.8
45.0

5.2
5.8
6.0
4.4
6.1
2.5
4.6
4.3
5.7
4.5
4.3
4.9
3.3
4.0
3.7
3.3
3.6
2.1

5.3
6.0
6.0
4.7
6.3
3.3
4.6
4.0
5.8
4.5
4.4
5.1
3.3
3.6
3.8
3.3
3.5
2.2

5.5
6.2
5.8
4.6
6.8
4.6
4.8
4.7
5.7
4.4
3.9
4.1
3.6
3.4
3.1
2.8
2.8
2.2

5.6
6.3
6.2
5.3
6.8
3.8
4.9
4.6
6.4
4.3
4.1
3.9
4.3
3.9
3.6
3.7
3.2
2.2

41.4
41.5
41.3
42.5
40.4
41.0
41.3
41.4
41.4
41.6
42.3
40.4

41.4
41.2
41.8
44.3
40.7
41.5
41.6
42.0
40.5
39.4
41.1
38.7

41.3
40.9
41.6
42.9
41.1
41.6
41.2
41.4
40.2
40.4
41.7
40.0

41.0

3.1
3.2
2.9
3.4
2.8
2.2
3.5
3.8
3.7
1.8
3.3
1.5

3.2
3.1
3.1
4.3
3.0
2.5
3.4
3.8
3.5
2.3
2.9
1.9

3.3
2.5
3.6
5.4
2.8
3.2
3.6
4.1
3.0
1.1
3.5
2.1

3.4
2.8
3.7
4.6
3.5
3.4
3.5
4.0
2.6
1.7
3.3
3.0

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384

387

41.5
41.6
41.3
43.1
40.5
40.5
41.7
42.2
41.5
40.5
42.3
39.8

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

39.6
37.8
37.0
40.0
40.3
36.9
41.7
38.7
36.9
35.7
40.1
40.1

40.0
38.2
37.3
39.8
41.6
37.8
43.1
38.9
38.1
37.2
40.1
40.4

39.1
37.1
35.6
38.6
39.8
38.3
40.4
39.4
35.9
32.3
39.7
39.4

39.4
38.1
36.8
39.2
39.5
38.0
40.0
39.4
37.7
35.6
39.9
40.0

39.6

2.7
1.8
1.7
2.4
3.0
1.5
3.6
2.5
1.2
0.5
3.1
3.5

3.1
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.7
1.7
4.6
2.7
1.9
1.4
3.2
3.5

2.4
1.4
1.1
2.2
2.4
1.1
2.9
1.8
1.7
0.7
2.8
2.8

2.5
1.9
1.7
2.8
2.6
1.3
3.1
1.9
2.0
1.4
2.8
2.9

40.5

40.6

40.7

40.6

40.5

4.0

4.2

4.2

4.1

41.1
40.7
42.8
41.7
39.1
42.5
42.3
42.2
40.5
41.5
39.4
40.6
44.0
44.4
42.3

41.1
41.0
43.7
42.4
38.9
42.4
42.8
41.9
40.2
40.8
38.7
40.9
43.3
44.0
42.0

41.3
41.5
43.3
42.4
40.2
41.6
41.8
41.7
40.8
46.1
39.4
38.3
44.6
43.7
43.1

40.9
40.9
42.5
42.3
39.5
41.5
40.8
41.9
40.0
43.9
39.2
38.6
45.1
45.5
43.0

40.7

4.9
4.8
6.1
5.9
3.7
5.1
4.5
4.7
4.3
4.9
3.7
4.5
6.9
6.6
6.3

4.9
4.9
6.6
6.1
3.5
5.1
4.7
4.8
4.5
5.1
3.3
4.7
6.5
6.3
6.5

5.0
5.0
6.0
5.9
4.1
4.6
4.4
4.7
5.1
8.4
4.1
4.1
6.8
5.7
6.1

4.7
4.7
5.2
6.3
3.9
4.8
4.0
4.9
4.5
6.4
4.2
4.2
7.0
6.8
6.3

3841
3842
385
386

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

See footnotes at end of table.




102

Mar.
2000P

4.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

$17.50
17.71
21.40
14.68
16.54
11.36
19.37
(2)
19.29
17.02
13.61
14.91
11.66
16.20
20.34
(2)
12.38
12.55

$17.66
17.98
21.65
14.88
16.81
11.46
19.33
(2)
19.32
16.98
13.68
15.04
11.69
16.06
20.38
(2)
12.29
12.36

$18.64
19.07
23.30
15.49
17.81
11.84
20.45
(2)
20.12
18.17
14.26
15.94
12.19
16.83
20.33
(2)
12.93
13.28

$18.65
19.11
23.43
15.28
17.79
11.79
20.41
(2)
20.28
18.08
14.20
15.73
12.32
17.05
20.44
(2)
13.01
13.46

$18.76
19.21

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

13.94
17.60
14.12
11.83
14.33
16.39
12.77
12.00
12.22
10.51
16.87
10.61

13.97
17.62
14.17
12.07
14.46
16.30
12.81
12.17
12.12
10.58
16.92
10.66

14.38
17.23
14.56
11.98
14.55
17.14
13.09
12.55
12.42
11.01
18.47
11.30

14.41
17.51
14.59
11.95
14.67
17.15
13.12
12.58
12.38
10.96
18.48
11.45

14.49

578.51
732.16
583.16
509.87
580.37
663.80
532.51
506.40
507.13
425.66
713.60
422.28

578.36
731.23
585.22
512.98
584.18
668.30
529.05
503.84
501.77
440.13
715.72
430.66

595.33
709.88
608.61
530.71
592.19
711.31
544.54
527.10
503.01
433.79
759.12
437.31

595.13
716.16
606.94
512.66
602.94
713.44
540.54
520.81
497.68
442.78
770.62
458.00

594.09

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

11.17
11.63
11.51
11.50
10.59
10.21
10.73
11.35
10.11
9.02
11.43
12.25

11.19
11.77
11.68
11.78
10.67
10.27
10.81
11.37
10.01
9.04
11.39
12.18

11.54
12.21
11.93
12.47
11.02
10.87
11.07
11.52
10.60
9.34
11.68
12.82

11.56
12.30
12.06
12.49
10.98
10.82
11.03
11.60
10.59
9.49
11.69
12.74

11.55

442.33
439.61
425.87
460.00
426.78
376.75
447.44
439.25
373.06
322.01
458.34
491.23

447.60
449.61
435.66
468.84
443.87
388.21
465.91
442.29
381.38
336.29
456.74
492.07

451.21
452.99
424.71
481.34
438.60
416.32
447.23
453.89
380.54
301.68
463.70
505.11

455.46
468.63
443.81
489.61
433.71
411.16
441.20
457.04
399.24
337.84
466.43
509.60

457.38

12.97

13.03

13.39

13.38

13.42

525.29

529.02

544.97

543.23

543.51

11.91
9.78
10.54
11.16
8.77
13.88
12.77
14.52
11.50
14.65
12.95
10.65
14.87
13.21
12.15

11.93
9.77
10.52
11.07
8.79
13.90
12.76
14.60
11.59
14.88
12.96
10.82
14.83
13.19
12.30

12.24
10.15
10.92
11.44
9.17
14.22
12.83
15.04
12.02
16.14
13.10
11.00
14.93
13.23
12.54

12.25
10.11
10.79
11.42
9.15
14.27
12.76
15.01
12.01
15.74
13.14
11.19
15.05
13.40
12.60

12.33

489.50
398.05
451.11
465.37
342.91
589.90
540.17
612.74
465.75
607.98
510.23
432.39
654.28
586.52
513.95

490.32
400.57
459.72
469.37
341.93
589.36
546.13
611.74
465.92
607.10
501.55
442.54
642.14
580.36
516.60

505.51
421.23
472.84
485.06
368.63
591.55
536.29
627.17
490.42
744.05
516.14
421.30
665.88
578.15
540.47

501.03
413.50
458.56
483.07
361.43
592.21
520.61
628.92
480.40
690.99
515.09
431.93
678.76
609.70
541.80

501.83

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

See footnotes at end of table.




103

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

$768.25
796.95
969.42
641.52
750.92
464.62
834.85

$775.27
810.90
976.42
653.23
764.86
480.17
829.26

$814.57
856.24
1,039.18
672.27
810.36
518.59
877.31

$818.74
859.95
1,063.72
678.43
804.11
499.90
881.71

$821.69
864.45

850.69
731.86
556.65
620.26
464.07
675.54
850.21

852.01
726.74
559.51
625.66
465.26
666.49
855.96

911.44
757.69
578.96
653.54
488.82
691.71
833.53

926.80
761.17
580.78
646.50
500.19
710.99
840.08

507.58
491.96

507.58
491.93

521.08
527.22

536.01
538.40

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

205
2051

39.6
40.4

39.9
40.6

40.8
41.0

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

38.3
40.5
55.4
48.1
41.3
39.0
41.2
43.0
45.8
42.9
41.4

38.7
40.7
56.2
49.3
41.1
39.3
41.3
43.6
44.9
44.8
40.2

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

37.2
37.1

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

40.3
41.0

3.9
4.6

4.2
4.7

4.8
5.4

4.5
5.2

40.3
41.3
44.4
56.4
41.8
40.2
42.2
41.7
44.8
41.3
38.6

39.1
40.3
45.3
52.2
41.3
38.4
42.0
41.6
44.8
41.2
38.9

2.8
4.1
13.8
6.6
4.5
3.5
5.6
4.8
7.0
5.1
6.2

3.4
3.9
13.8
7.8
4.0
3.1
5.7
5.2
6.7
6.2
5.1

3.9
5.0
11.0
17.6
4.5
4.0
6.3
4.6
8.4
3.5
4.0

3.2
4.0
8.9
12.7
2.9
3.5
5.7
4.3
7.1
3.6
4.4

38.1
38.7

39.1
36.2

39.3
36.8

38.7

2.6
2.9

2.7
3.6

2.8
1.6

2.6
1.4

40.2
40.8
40.6
32.9
40.7
39.3
38.6
37.4
39.1
43.4
39.6
41.2
42.3
41.8
40.9
40.0
40.5
38.5
41.2

40.3
40.2
40.3
36.5
41.1
39.1
39.7
37.5
38.1
41.5
39.7
41.9
42.3
42.9
41.6
40.1
40.9
37.2
41.4

40.9
42.3
43.3
40.0
40.1
39.3
37.3
38.2
39.8
35.9
41.4
40.1
39.1
42.5
39.9
41.7
42.3
39.8
41.9

41.3
42.4
42.7
41.9
40.1
39.7
38.6
39.0
39.6
35.3
42.3
41.0
40.6
43.6
40.9
42.4
43.0
40.4
42.1

41.4

3.9
4.4
4.1
2.1
2.8
3.3
2.8
2.6
3.2
2.1
4.8
4.6
5.2
4.5
4.1
3.8
4.1
2.9
4.1

4.1
4.7
4.2
3.0
2.9
3.3
2.9
2.8
2.9
1.7
4.4
4.8
4.7
5.4
4.6
4.1
4.4
3.4
4.1

4.2
5.0
5.1
3.5
2.9
3.8
3.1
3.2
3.9
1.7
5.4
4.0
3.5
4.5
3.1
4.7
5.1
3.2
4.3

4.4
5.3
4.9
4.1
3.2
4.0
3.3
3.7
3.6
0.9
6.0
4.5
4.2
5.4
3.6
5.0
5.3
4.0
4.4

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

37.3
37.7
35.9
34.7
35.8
36.3
37.0
35.5
38.4
36.5
36.9
36.5
35.9
38.0
36.5
38.6
37.2
38.9
36.4
39.2
40.3

37.4
36.8
35.9
35.1
35.8
35.8
37.0
34.6
38.4
36.7
37.1
36.1
35.9
36.5
35.4
37.2
36.9
39.5
37.4
39.4
41.5

37.2
35.9
36.3
35.7
35.9
36.5
36.4
35.6
38.8
36.8
35.9
35.0
36.0
32.2
39.2
38.2
37.0
38.9
36.7
38.9
40.9

37.6
37.1
36.6
36.0
36.1
36.8
36.9
36.4
39.7
37.2
36.3
35.4
36.9
31.3
39.3
39.0
37.2
39.2
36.0
40.0
40.3

37.7

2.0
0.9
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.5
1.9
2.6
2.8
2.2
1.6
1.4
1.0
2.4
2.4
4.0
1.6
3.1
1.6
3.6
3.1

2.3
0.8
1.3
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.9
2.4
3.0
2.0
1.6
1.6
1.1
2.8
2.7
4.6
1.8
3.8
2.2
3.8
4.4

2.2
1.0
1.4
1.1
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.7
2.8
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.2
1.2
4.0
3.3
1.5
3.3
1.3
3.2
5.0

2.4
1.1
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.9
1.9
3.3
2.1
1.7
2.0
2.4
0.9
3.7
3.6
1.7
3.6
1.1
3.8
4.7

26
262
263

43.0
45.0
43.8

43.4
45.3
44.4

43.4
45.8
43.9

43.0
45.2
43.4

42.9

5.0
6.4
6.5

5.4
6.8
7.2

5.5
7.1
6.7

5.2
7.0
6.6

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

104

Mar.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

$12.81
12.94

$12.97
13.00

$12.86
13.19

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

12.57
13.45
11.94
17.65
14.28
12.72
13.09
16.03
23.02
13.36
10.75

12.92
13.43
11.94
17.82
14.82
12.63
13.09
16.01
23.54
13.30
10.76

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

17.80
24.18

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

Mar.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

$12.88
13.19

$507.28
522.78

$517.50
527.80

$524.69
540.79

$519.06
540.79

12.29
14.17
12.99
21.00
14.16
13.51
13.42
16.26
23.93
13.11
11.02

12.32
14.22
12.93
20.49
14.20
13.66
13.34
16.16
23.45
13.19
11.15

481.43
544.73
661.48
848.97
589.76
496.08
539.31
689.29
1,054.32
573.14
445.05

500.00
546.60
671.03
878.53
609.10
496.36
540.62
698.04
1,056.95
595.84
432.55

495.29
585.22
576.76
1,184.40
591.89
543.10
566.32
678.04
1,072.06
541.44
425.37

481.71
573.07
585.73
1,069.58
586.46
524.54
560.28
672.26
1,050.56
543.43
433.74

19.33
24.48

17.16
24.29

17.32
24.26

$18.54

662.16
897.08

736.47
947.38

670.96
879.30

680.68
892.77

$717.50

10.60
10.95
11.40
11.26
9.71
9.82
8.80
9.64
9.40
9.98
10.61
10.65
10.21
11.36
10.65
10.32
10.34
10.32
11.93

10.62
10.93
11.41
11.29
9.70
9.84
8.79
9.71
9.42
9.75
10.53
10.72
10.25
11.49
10.69
10.35
10.41
10.20
11.98

10.84
11.17
11.62
11.46
10.07
10.10
9.30
10.05
9.74
9.81
10.45
10.83
10.75
11.17
10.77
10.47
10.44
10.55
12.31

10.84
11.16
11.66
11.45
10.15
10.12
9.36
10.06
9.74
9.72
10.48
10.92
10.83
11.28
10.72
10.47
10.45
10.55
12.25

10.86

426.12
446.76
462.84
370.45
395.20
385.93
339.68
360.54
367.54
433.13
420.16
438.78
431.88
474.85
435.59
412.80
418.77
397.32
491.52

427.99
439.39
459.82
412.09
398.67
384.74
348.96
364.13
358.90
404.63
418.04
449.17
433.58
492.92
444.70
415.04
425.77
379.44
495.97

443.36
472.49
503.15
458.40
403.81
396.93
346.89
383.91
387.65
352.18
432.63
434.28
420.33
474.73
429.72
436.60
441.61
419.89
515.79

447.69
473.18
497.88
479.76
407.02
401.76
361.30
392.34
385.70
343.12
443.30
447.72
439.70
491.81
438.45
443.93
449.35
426.22
515.73

449.60

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

8.65
8.83
8.13
7.95
8.50
7.92
8.31
8.03
9.52
8.35
8.08
8.25
8.11
8.60
8.22
8.07
8.15
9.45
8.26
9.32
10.66

8.78
8.82
8.20
8.03
8.53
8.07
8.29
8.03
9.56
8.40
8.03
8.32
8.20
8.62
8.32
8.19
8.20
9.78
8.24
9.30
11.68

9.02
9.18
8.39
8.22
8.32
8.22
8.49
8.23
9.94
8.68
8.16
8.53
8.42
8.86
8.41
8.32
8.56
10.08
8.41
9.59
12.00

9.01
9.20
8.44
8.13
8.52
8.17
8.39
8.19
9.89
8.57
8.05
8.66
8.55
9.01
8.43
8.24
8.44
10.08
8.43
9.66
11.92

9.05

322.65
332.89
291.87
275.87
304.30
287.50
307.47
285.07
365.57
304.78
298.15
301.13
291.15
326.80
300.03
311.50
303.18
367.61
300.66
365.34
429.60

328.37
324.58
294.38
281.85
305.37
288.91
306.73
277.84
367.10
308.28
297.91
300.35
294.38
314.63
294.53
304.67
302.58
386.31
308.18
366.42
484.72

335.54
329.56
304.56
293.45
298.69
300.03
309.04
292.99
385.67
319.42
292.94
298.55
303.12
285.29
329.67
317.82
316.72
392.11
308.65
373.05
490.80

338.78
341.32
308.90
292.68
307.57
300.66
309.59
298.12
392.63
318.80
292.22
306.56
315.50
282.01
331.30
321.36
313.97
395.14
303.48
386.40
480.38

341.19

26
262
263

15.70
19.95
19.88

15.78
20.07
20.08

16.05
20.69
20.93

16.03
20.67
21.05

16.08

675.10
897.75
870.74

684.85
909.17
891.55

696.57
947.60
918.83

689.29
934.28
913.57

689.83

205
2051

See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

42.5
42.7
41.4
42.7
41.8
42.6
42.0
40.7

43.2
44.0
41.5
42.5
42.0
42.0
41.8
41.2

43.1
43.6
43.7
42.2
42.0
43.5
38.4
42.3

42.6
43.1
43.3
41.6
41.7
43.5
38.0
41.3

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273

2759
276
278
279

37.7
32.7
35.5
39.2
37.2
41.0
35.7
39.4
39.4
39.4
42.4
37.5
39.7

37.9
32.7
35.3
39.5
36.7
42.1
35.4
39.6
39.3
40.0
42.1
38.5
40.5

37.9
32.4
35.9
41.1
39.0
42.9
35.5
39.4
39.1
39.6
42.0
38.9
40.4

37.9
32.8
36.0
39.9
38.6
41.0
35.7
39.4
39.1
39.7
41.0
39.1
41.3

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

42.7
42.0
42.6
42.4
43.8
40.5
42.0
42.4
41.4
43.8
41.4
40.1
42.4
45.0
46.4
44.7
45.8
43.1

42.8
42.4
42.9
42.7
44.2
41.2
42.5
42.9
41.5
44.3
41.3
40.2
42.1
44.8
45.3
44.7
45.2
42.9

42.9
43.6
44.5
42.9
43.9
42.2
41.4
42.2
41.2
43.1
41.6
39.8
42.1
46.9
46.9
46.9
44.7
42.5

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

43.3
43.2
43.9

43.7
43.9
43.6

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

41.4
42.8
39.5
42.7
43.8
41.7
41.2

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities

2731
2732
274
275
2752

3143
3144

316
317

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

4.7
4.9
4.1
4.8
4.1
3.3
4.9
3.8

5.2
5.6
4.6
5.0
4.2
3.6
4.7
4.0

5.0
5.3
4.7
4.7
4.9
4.3
4.7
4.4

4.7
5.0
4.5
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.3
3.6

38.1

2.7
1.3
2.2
2.8
1.9
3.7
2.2
3.3
3.4
3.4
4.4
2.0
3.6

3.0
1.4
2.2
3.0
1.5
4.4
2.5
3.6
3.5
3.9
4.1
2.8
4.3

2.8
1.2
1.4
3.4
1.7
5.0
2.2
3.5
3.3
3.5
5.0
2.2
3.4

2.9
1.3
2.2
3.3
2.2
4.2
2.8
3.5
3.4
3.4
4.2
2.1
4.0

42.5
43.5
44.2
42.9
44.0
42.0
41.0
41.6
41.3
42.4
41.5
40.5
41.8
45.6
45.2
45.6
43.8
42.1

42.4

4.7
5.0
5.4
4.7
4.9
3.9
4.5
4.2
3.4
4.8
3.8
2.5
4.0
6.2
6.4
6.1
6.9
4.5

4.9
4.7
5.0
4.7
4.9
4.0
4.9
4.7
3.7
5.4
3.6
2.8
4.3
6.4
5.6
6.5
6.7
4.7

5.1
5.1
5.5
4.7
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.1
4.1
5.7
4.1
3.1
4.1
6.9
7.8
6.7
6.1
4.8

4.9
5.2
5.4
4.9
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.1
3.6
4.8
3.8
2.9
3.8
6.6
6.4
6.6
5.8
4.7

43.3
44.0
41.8

43.7
44.7
41.7

43.8

6.0
5.7
7.4

6.7
6.9
6.8

5.5
5.1
6.8

6.2
6.1
7.1

41.8
43.1
40.0
42.7
43.3
41.9
41.5

41.4
41.7
40.7
42.7
42.5
41.8
41.2

41.4
41.8
41.7
42.8
42.7
42.5
41.0

41.3

4.1
5.5
4.1
4.3
5.1
3.9
4.0

4.3
5.5
4.1
4.4
4.6
4.1
4.3

4.4
5.2
2.2
4.7
4.6
4.1
4.3

4.2
5.2
2.9
5.1
4.9
4.2
4.0

37.2
42.4
36.3
35.7
37.4
34.7
35.8

37.6
43.1
36.3
36.0
37.3
35.8
36.3

36.9
42.0
35.9
35.9
35.7
33.8
37.0

37.5
43.7
35.7
35.5
35.7
35.3
36.5

37.6

1.8
4.2
1.4
1.1
1.6
1.2
1.8

2.0
4.6
1.3
0.9
1.8
1.8
2.0

1.6
4.9
1.0
1.1
0.5
0.5
1.2

1.7
5.5
0.9
1.1
0.0
0.7
0.9

32.7

32.6

32.8

32.6

32.6

39.0

38.8

38.2

38.2

38.0

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours

106

Mar.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

$13.24
13.19
13.49
13.97
13.78
15.93
12.55
12.77

$13.33
13.27
13.66
14.03
13.77
16.05
12.52
12.71

$13.55
13.46
13.80
14.36
13.94
16.60
12.26
13.17

$13.45
13.35
13.60
14.32
13.95
16.75
12.28
13.03

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

13.67
13.44
15.06
12.93
12.32
13.44
12.83
13.94
14.26
13.09
14.11
10.72
17.00

13.73
13.41
15.21
13.13
12.56
13.58
12.98
13.99
14.30
13.16
14.27
10.74
17.14

14.10
13.94
15.34
13.90
13.52
14.21
13.19
14.26
14.57
13.47
14.60
11.10
17.00

14.13
13.90
15.49
13.87
13.60
14.10
13.37
14.30
14.65
13.46
14.56
11.07
16.93

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

17.20
18.98
19.72
18.20
20.35
15.31
16.79
16.62
14.33
18.09
13.72
12.58
14.59
20.54
20.19
20.73
17.31
15.62

17.18
18.81
19.38
18.03
20.14
15.10
16.78
16.67
14.54
18.50
13.77
12.66
14.72
20.46
20.24
20.64
17.26
15.66

17.81
19.49
20.28
18.33
21.15
15.03
17.98
17.95
15.16
17.88
14.19
13.88
14.98
20.85
21.06
20.94
17.54
16.10

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

21.43
24.07
15.37

21.59
24.40
15.43

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

12.16
19.08
10.10
12.14
12.25
11.78
11.52

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities

Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

$562.70
563.21
558.49
596.52
576.00
678.62
527.10
519.74

$575.86
583.88
566.89
596.28
578.34
674.10
523.34
523.65

$584.01
586.86
603.06
605.99
585.48
722.10
470.78
557.09

$572.97
575.39
588.88
595.71
581.72
728.63
466.64
538.14

$14.19

515.36
439.49
534.63
506.86
458.30
551.04
458.03
549.24
561.84
515.75
598.26
402.00
674.90

520.37
438.51
536.91
518.64
460.95
571.72
459.49
554.00
561.99
526.40
600.77
413.49
694.17

534.39
451.66
550.71
571.29
527.28
609.61
468.25
561.84
569.69
533.41
613.20
431.79
686.80

535.53
455.92
557.64
553.41
524.96
578.10
477.31
563.42
572.82
534.36
596.96
432.84
699.21

$540.64

17.80
19.57
20.31
18.37
21.04
15.14
17.84
17.81
15.05
17.83
14.37
13.69
14.95
21.18
20.89
21.38
17.33
16.17

17.78

734.44
797.16
840.07
771.68
891.33
620.06
705.18
704.69
593.26
792.34
568.01
504.46
618.62
924.30
936.82
926.63
792.80
673.22

735.30
797.54
831.40
769.88
890.19
622.12
713.15
715.14
603.41
819.55
568.70
508.93
619.71
916.61
916.87
922.61
780.15
671.81

764.05
849.76
902.46
786.36
928.49
634.27
744.37
757.49
624.59
770.63
590.30
552.42
630.66
977.87
987.71
982.09
784.04
684.25

756.50
851.30
897.70
788.07
925.76
635.88
731.44
740.90
621.57
755.99
596.36
554.45
624.91
965.81
944.23
974.93
759.05
680.76

753.87

21.68
24.49
15.99

22.03
25.09
16.08

22.30

927.92
1,039.82
674.74

943.48
1,071.16
672.75

938.74
1,077.56
668.38

962.71
1,121.52
670.54

976.74

12.20
19.14
10.19
12.21
12.22
11.87
11.55

12.55
19.96
10.51
12.75
12.89
12.29
11.84

12.53
19.77
10.49
12.79
12.90
12.31
11.82

12.52

503.42
816.62
398.95
518.38
536.55
491.23
474.62

509.96
824.93
407.60
521.37
529.13
497.35
479.33

519.57
832.33
427.76
544.43
547.83
513.72
487.81

518.74
826.39
437.43
547.41
550.83
523.18
484.62

517.08

9.56
12.30
9.17
9.89
7.81
8.80
8.27

9.55
12.16
9.19
9.90
7.79
8.83
8.44

9.99
12.87
9.67
10.34
7.91
8.92

9.87
12.63
9.62
10.28
8.02
8.69

9.96

355.63
521.52
332.87
353.07
292.09
305.36
296.07

368.63
540.54
347.15
371.21
282.39
301.50
329.30

370.13
551.93
343.43
364.94
286.31
306.76
320.11

374.50

8.90

359.08
524.10
333.60
356.40
290.57
316.11
306.37

8.77

12.68

12.67

13.13

13.15

414.64

413.04

430.66

428.36

13.14

428.69

15.95

16.04

606.84

601.79

609.29

16.06

613.49

609.52

15.56

15.51

S e e footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly earnings

107

Mar.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

4011

46.1

44.0

44.7

46.0

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

34.0
39.0
39.9

34.0
38.8
39.2

33.4
38.5
39.0

34.2
37.9
39.0

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

39.1
39.0
39.8

39.3
39.2
40.0

39.4
39.4
39.4

39.6
39.5
40.0

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

37.7

37.0

36.8

36.3

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

44.3

42.6

42.9

41.3

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

38.9
39.5
39.8
38.1

39.1
39.6
39.9
38.2

37.9
37.8
37.9
37.6

37.8
37.2
37.3
37.9

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

40.8
42.0
42.6
35.4
41.8

40.5
41.7
42.3
35.2
41.4

40.8
42.0
42.0
36.6
40.6

40.2
41.4
41.7
35.6
40.0

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

42.6
41.7
42.9
44.3
43.6

42.4
41.8
42.9
42.9
43.3

41.6
41.4
41.2
42.4
41.9

41.6
41.3
41.7
42.7
41.7

38.3

38.2

38.5

38.2

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

39.1
37.7
37.4
39.6
40.0
39.7
41.1
39.2
39.1
39.4
37.1

38.9
37.3
37.2
39.6
39.7
39.7
41.0
39.4
39.1
39.2
37.1

39.5
37.8
38.6
39.9
40.3
39.9
41.4
39.8
39.5
39.6
37.8

38.8
37.4
37.7
39.6
39.1
39.1
41.1
39.1
38.8
39.1
37.7

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519

37.3
37.0
37.5
36.6
37.9
32.9
40.2
37.8
37.2
36.4

37.2
36.7
36.6
36.6
38.2
33.1
40.3
37.4
37.2
36.4

37.2
35.9
37.7
36.0
38.1
33.7
40.6
38.2
37.1
36.1

37.2
36.1
37.6
36.1
38.1
33.0
40.3
38.0
37.2
36.3

28.6

28.6

28.5

28.5

34.4
36.0
34.7
29.9
31.1

34.4
36.1
35.0
29.7
31.0

35.0
36.8
34.6
30.3
31.6

34.9
36.8
34.3
30.1
31.5

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

See footnotes at end of table.




108

Average overtime hours
Mar.
2000P

38.2

28.6

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3

1987
SIC
Code

4011

Average hourly earnings
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

$17.97

$18.15

$17.93

Average weekly earnings
Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

$18.05

$828.42

$798.60

$801.47

$830.30

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

11.56
12.17
13.27

11.49
12.04
13.27

11.92
12.45
13.94

11.96
12.67
13.81

393.04
474.63
529.47

390.66
467.15
520.18

398.13
479.33
543.66

409.03
480.19
538.59

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

13.76
13.99
11.44

13.80
14.03
11.56

14.06
14.26
12.06

14.14
14.35
12.11

538.02
545.61
455.31

542.34
549.98
462.40

553.96
561.84
475.16

559.94
566.83
484.40

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

20.32

19.66

20.53

20.56

766.06

727.42

755.50

746.33

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

21.53

21.55

22.83

23.03

953.78

918.03

979.41

951.14

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

14.10
14.48
14.90
14.08

14.08
14.44
14.88
14.08

14.37
14.37
14.63
14.86

14.62
14.73
15.07
15.04

548.49
571.96
593.02
536.45

550.53
571.82
593.71
537.86

544.62
543.19
554.48
558.74

552.64
547.96
562.11
570.02

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

17.47
17.95
18.46
17.83
14.51

17.31
17.72
18.17
17.97
14.40

17.49
17.55
18.10
18.88
15.24

17.62
17.86
18.44
18.63
15.04

712.78
753.90
786.40
631.18
606.52

701.06
738.92
768.59
632.54
596.16

713.59
737.10
760.20
691.01
618.74

708.32
739.40
768.95
663.23
601.60

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

20.36
21.63
18.77
23.89
16.31

20.46
21.45
18.78
24.93
16.32

21.05
22.13
19.34
24.64
17.61

21.15
22.03
19.54
25.22
17.58

867.34
901.97
805.23
1,058.33
711.12

867.50
896.61
805.66
1,069.50
706.66

875.68
916.18
796.81
1,044.74
737.86

879.84
909.84
814.82
1,076.89
733.09

14.38

14.34

15.06

14.96

550.75

547.79

579.81

571.47

Wholesale trade

$14.94

Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

15.05
13.18
13.11
13.46
17.83
17.47
14.17
15.86
14.09
15.15
11.57

15.03
13.19
13.09
13.39
17.84
17.40
14.22
15.74
14.06
15.14
11.63

15.78
13.74
13.52
13.96
18.99
17.79
14.81
16.22
14.55
15.88
12.21

15.61
13.84
13.71
13.83
18.57
17.79
14.83
15.97
14.46
15.75
12.18

588.46
496.89
490.31
533.02
713.20
693.56
582.39
621.71
550.92
596.91
429.25

584.67
491.99
486.95
530.24
708.25
690.78
583.02
620.16
549.75
593.49
431.47

623.31
519.37
521.87
557.00
765.30
709.82
613.13
645.56
574.73
628.85
461.54

605.67
517.62
516.87
547.67
726.09
695.59
609.51
624.43
561.05
615.83
459.19

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519

13.41
13.61
17.42
13.23
13.42
10.35
15.52
12.08
15.31
11.12

13.34
13.49
17.34
13.08
13.37
10.31
15.70
12.14
15.35
11.01

13.97
14.20
19.25
13.22
13.77
10.62
16.22
12.72
15.81
11.54

14.00
14.26
19.38
13.26
13.79
10.76
16.27
12.75
15.63
11.53

500.19
503.57
653.25
484.22
508.62
340.52
623.90
456.62
569.53
404.77

496.25
495.08
634.64
478.73
510.73
341.26
632.71
454.04
571.02
400.76

519.68
509.78
725.73
475.92
524.64
357.89
658.53
485.90
586.55
416.59

520.80
514.79
728.69
478.69
525.40
355.08
655.68
484.50
581.44
418.54

8.98

9.00

9.33

9.34

256.83

257.40

265.91

266.19

10.61
11.05
10.78
8.72
9.79

10.61
11.04
10.68
8.77
9.75

11.23
11.77
10.87
9.15
10.38

11.22
11.77
10.91
9.15
10.25

364.98
397.80
374.07
260.73
304.47

364.98
398.54
373.80
260.47
302.25

393.05
433.14
376.10
277.25
328.01

391.58
433.14
374.21
275.42
322.88

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

See footnotes at end of table.




109

9.36

Mar.
2000P

$570.71

267.70

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

53
531
533
539

29.0
29.0
26.9
29.4

29.7
29.8
26.9
29.4

28.9
29.0
26.3
28.5

27.8
27.7
26.0
29.0

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

29.4
29.4
28.4

29.3
29.3
28.4

29.0
29.1
28.0

29.3
29.4
28.2

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

35.1
36.6
37.3
31.5
34.7

35.1
36.5
37.6
31.5
34.0

35.5
37.0
38.0
32.1
37.2

35.3
36.6
37.6
31.8
36.0

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

25.8
28.2
22.8
26.8
25.8

26.1
28.2
23.2
27.3
26.2

25.0
27.7
22.6
24.9
26.4

25.1
27.2
22.9
25.1
25.9

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

32.6
32.5
33.1
32.7
32.2
25.5

32.7
32.6
33.2
32.7
32.3
26.3

32.5
32.8
33.9
32.1
31.8
25.1

32.3
33.0
33.4
31.3
30.9
25.0

Eating and drinking places4

58

25.2

25.1

24.9

25.2

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

29.4
29.1
30.2
27.1
32.3
38.0
31.3
33.8
30.0

28.9
28.6
29.8
26.9
32.7
38.0
29.6
33.7
29.9

29.5
29.0
29.7
27.9
33.4
38.2
30.1
33.1
30.4

29.7
28.5
29.6
27.5
34.0
38.5
31.5
33.9
30.5

36.3

36.0

36.7

36.0

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

35.4
35.3
35.1
35.5
35.7

35.0
34.9
34.8
35.0
35.4

36.3
36.2
36.2
36.2
36.1

35.0
34.8
34.9
34.8
35.4

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

38.5
39.7

38.3
39.8

38.1
39.7

37.1
38.5

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

38.0

37.9

38.5

37.5

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

38.8
39.1
38.5
39.0
38.8

38.5
38.9
38.5
38.9
38.1

38.8
39.2
38.1
38.7
38.8

38.6
38.8
38.3
38.9
38.6

32.5

32.4

32.7

32.6

33.1

32.8

32.7

32.6

Services
Agricultural services

07

See footnotes at end of table.




110

Average overtime hours
Mar.
2000P

36.0

32.5

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

$9.37
9.45
7.70
9.18

$254.33
255.78
212.51
252.84

$262.55
264.92
214.12
252.55

$265.59
268.54
203.04
259.07

$260.49
261.77
200.20
266.22

9.34
9.40
8.80

9.35
9.41
8.86

272.54
275.18
237.71

271.90
274.54
237.14

270.86
273.54
246.40

273.96
276.65
249.85

12.35
15.50
10.24
8.06
13.18

12.68
15.82
10.52
8.46
13.13

12.72
15.87
10.56
8.41
12.97

433.84
568.03
381.58
253.89
458.04

433.49
565.75
385.02
253.89
448.12

450.14
585.34
399.76
271.57
488.44

449.02
580.84
397.06
267.44
466.92

8.71
10.07
8.69
8.52
8.32

8.71
10.16
8.80
8.44
8.34

9.16
10.81
9.27
8.81
8.76

9.22
10.71
9.26
8.98
8.79

224.72
283.97
198.13
228.34
214.66

227.33
286.51
204.16
230.41
218.51

229.00
299.44
209.50
219.37
231.26

231.42
291.31
212.05
225.40
227.66

12.18
11.49
11.41
13.08
11.93
7.34

12.09
11.48
11.41
12.87
11.74
7.34

12.56
11.91
11.83
13.42
12.38
7.76

12.53
11.76
11.65
13.57
12.61
7.78

397.07
373.43
377.67
427.72
384.15
187.17

395.34
374.25
378.81
420.85
379.20
193.04

408.20
390.65
401.04
430.78
393.68
194.78

404.72
388.08
389.11
424.74
389.65
194.50

6.52

6.52

6.79

6.79

164.30

163.65

169.07

171.11

9.75
10.29
8.14

9.84
10.30

10.12
10.77
8.32
9.45
10.52
13.78
10.11

10.15
10.85
8.26
9.47
10.57
13.86
10.06

11.62
10.53

11.69
10.61

286.65
299.44
245.83
244.17
333.98
503.50
306.74
392.08
308.40

284.38
294.58
241.68
246.40
339.75
501.98
295.11
395.64
307.97

298.54
312.33
247.10
263.66
351.37
526.40
304.31
384.62
320.11

301.46
309.23
244.50
260.43
359.38
533.61
316.89
396.29
323.61

528.17

523.08

549.40

536.76

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

53
531
533
539

$8.77
8.82
7.90
8.60

$8.84
8.89
7.96
8.59

$9.19
9.26
7.72
9.09

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

9.27
9.36
8.37

9.28
9.37
8.35

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

12.36
15.52
10.23
8.06
13.20

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

Eating and drinking places4

58

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores

Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average weekly earnings

Feb.
2000P

9.01
10.34
13.25

8.11
9.16
10.39
13.21

9.80
11.60
10.28

9.97
11.74
10.30

14.55

14.53

14.97

14.91

Mar.
2000P

$14.94

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

11.29
10.94
10.60
11.18
10.90

11.25
10.89
10.47
11.18
10.85

11.63
11.08
10.69
11.35
11.37

11.63
11.13
10.72
11.42
11.28

399.67
386.18
372.06
396.89
389.13

393.75
380.06
364.36
391.30
384.09

422.17
401.10
386.98
410.87
410.46

407.05
387.32
374.13
397.42
399.31

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

14.89
12.31

15.01
12.44

15.47
12.98

15.26
12.98

573.27
488.71

574.88
495.11

589.41
515.31

566.15
499.73

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

21.93

21.98

22.08

22.06

833.34

833.04

850.08

827.25

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

16.89
15.29
16.25
16.70
18.40

16.80
15.30
16.20
16.67
18.12

17.30
15.64
16.55
16.88
19.00

17.23
15.57
16.75
17.10
18.81

655.33
597.84
625.63
651.30
713.92

646.80
595.17
623.70
648.46
690.37

671.24
613.09
630.56
653.26
737.20

665.08
604.12
641.53
665.19
726.07

13.32

13.33

13.81

13.81

432.90

431.89

451.59

450.21

10.31

10.31

10.89

10.90

341.26

338.17

356.10

355.34

Services

Agricultural services

07

See footnotes at end of table.




111

13.83

Mar.
2000P

$537.84

449.48

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

074
078

28.4
35.5

28.5
34.9

28.3
34.9

28.1
34.8

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

30.5

30.3

30.1

30.4

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous persona! services

721
723
729

33.7
28.3
28.9

33.9
28.1
26.1

33.5
27.8
24.3

33.7
28.3
28.4

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

73
731

33.6
36.8

33.6
36.4

33.9
37.1

33.8
36.2

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

36.6
28.3
36.7
27.5
38.6
36.5
39.9
38.6

36.3
28.3
37.2
27.5
38.2
36.4
40.3
38.0

36.6
28.9
37.3
28.2
37.5
36.4
40.0
37.0

36.7
28.4
36.3
27.7
37.6
36.2
40.3
37.0

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

32.6
38.5
38.2
39.6
39.5
39.5
33.0
34.5
36.8

32.6
38.5
38.0
39.5
39.3
40.0
32.8
34.8
35.9

32.4
39.3
38.3
39.8
39.4
40.1
33.2
35.5
37.3

32.9
38.7
37.7
39.4
38.6
40.2
33.1
35.1
37.5

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

35.6
35.9
35.6
33.2
37.6
37.9
37.3
31.1
27.6

35.4
35.8
35.3
33.9
37.6
37.8
37.4
30.1
26.7

35.3
35.7
35.1
33.3
37.5
38.0
37.0
30.0
26.8

35.0
35.9
35.3
32.0
37.1
38.0
36.2
29.7
26.6

Miscellaneous repair services

76

37.5

37.8

37.8

38.0

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

30.6
40.2
23.4

30.1
39.2
23.9

30.6
40.1
24.2

30.8
40.5
23.5

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

26.1
25.4
25.6
19.6
27.3

25.6
25.2
24.9
19.2
27.1

25.7
25.6
25.1
19.0
27.3

25.7
25.6
25.2
18.8
27.7

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

32.9
32.9
28.0
30.2
32.1
31.4
34.9

32.8
32.7
27.9
30.0
32.0
31.4
34.9

33.3
33.2
28.2
30.6
32.8
32.0
35.2

33.0
32.8
28.1
30.1
32.2
31.3
34.8

Hospitals
See footnotes at end of table.




112

Average overtime hours
Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

$10.55
11.11

$289.40
369.56

$290.42
362.96

$299.13
387.39

$296.46
386.63

9.49

9.53

280.60

278.15

285.65

289.71

8.67
9.68
9.35

8.93
9.84
9.85

8.93
9.96
9.42

291.17
269.42
271.66

293.91
272.01
244.04

299.16
273.55
239.36

300.94
281.87
267.53

13.10
18.09

13.10
18.08

13.72
19.29

13.71
19.10

440.16
665.71

440.16
658.11

465.11
715.66

463.40
691.42

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

074
078

$10.19
10.41

$10.19
10.40

$10.57
11.10

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

701

9.20

9.18

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

8.64
9.52
9.40

73
731

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
2000P

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

11.48
8.36
11.46
7.99
13.24
13.32
16.81
12.02

11.79
8.39
11.50
8.01
13.23
13.05
17.06
11.99

11.89
8.79
11.85
8.44
13.63
13.26
17.74
12.36

11.88
8.71
11.68
8.36
13.70
13.03
17.99
12.41

420.17
236.59
420.58
219.73
511.06
486.18
670.72
463.97

427.98
237.44
427.80
220.28
505.39
475.02
687.52
455.62

435.17
254.03
442.01
238.01
511.13
482.66
709.60
457.32

436.00
247.36
423.98
231.57
515.12
471.69
725.00
459.17

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

10.54
22.04
24.91
21.09
15.91
17.46
10.32
8.52
13.71

10.57
21.96
25.18
20.91
15.75
17.18
10.33
8.52
13.97

10.86
22.78
26.05
21.75
15.73
17.30
10.95
9.11
14.44

10.91
22.88
26.32
21.56
15.78
16.87
10.88
9.12
14.03

343.60
848.54
951.56
835.16
628.45
689.67
340.56
293.94
504.53

344.58
845.46
956.84
825.95
618.98
687.20
338.82
296.50
501.52

351.86
895.25
997.72
865.65
619.76
693.73
363.54
323.41
538.61

358.94
885.46
992.26
849.46
609.11
678.17
360.13
320.11
526.13

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

11.33
10.84
9.83
8.66
12.70
13.45
12.46
8.58
7.60

11.34
10.83
9.82
8.56
12.69
13.33
12.53
8.61
7.54

11.78
11.34
10.41
8.80
13.14
13.82
12.85
8.81
7.82

11.78
11.27
10.27
8.71
13.16
13.82
12.93
8.85
7.86

403.35
389.16
349.95
287.51
477.52
509.76
464.76
266.84
209.76

401.44
387.71
346.65
290.18
477.14
503.87
468.62
259.16
201.32

415.83
404.84
365.39
293.04
492.75
525.16
475.45
264.30
209.58

412.30
404.59
362.53
278.72
488.24
525.16
468.07
262.85
209.08

Miscellaneous repair services

76

13.67

13.82

14.10

14.11

512.63

522.40

532.98

536.18

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

15.67
21.18
7.25

16.36
22.73
7.17

15.03
20.23
7.75

15.14
19.97
7.66

479.50
851.44
169.65

492.44
891.02
171.36

459.92
811.22
187.55

466.31
808.79
180.01

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

10.11
7.64
9.36
9.09
9.95

10.12
7.61
9.42
9.21
9.96

10.37
8.00
9.73
9.82
10.26

10.39
7.98
9.73
9.82
10.20

263.87
194.06
239.62
178.16
271.64

259.07
191.77
234.56
176.83
269.92

266.51
204.80
244.22
186.58
280.10

267.02
204.29
245.20
184.62
282.54

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

14.06
14.59
14.54
12.91
10.01
9.58
15.84

14.07
14.65
14.56
12.96
10.01
9.58
15.83

14.52
15.22
15.19
13.10
10.50
10.07
16.25

14.55
15.24
15.30
13.16
10.52
10.07
16.27

462.57
480.01
407.12
389.88
321.32
300.81
552.82

461.50
479.06
406.22
388.80
320.32
300.81
552.47

483.52
505.30
428.36
400.86
344.40
322.24
572.00

480.15
499.87
429.93
396.12
338.74
315.19
566.20

See footnotes at end of table.




113

Mar.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

808

29.0

28.7

29.6

29.4

Legal services

81

34.8

34.8

35.8

35.1

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

31.2
31.3
30.6
29.5
32.2
32.7

30.8
31.0
30.3
29.1
32.0
32.2

31.6
31.7
30.9
29.5
33.2
32.6

31.0
31.1
30.4
29.6
32.2
32.4

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

35.4

35.2

35.4

34.7

Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

37.6
39.1
39.5
38.3
36.7
38.1
36.7
39.6
31.1
36.5
36.4
35.2
36.8
34.6

37.3
39.0
39.4
37.8
36.7
38.1
36.4
39.4
31.7
35.8
35.8
34.4
36.2
35.1

37.4
39.1
39.5
38.4
36.4
37.6
36.4
39.3
30.7
36.8
36.4
36.1
36.8
36.6

37.1
38.9
39.3
38.1
36.6
37.8
36.0
39.0
30.6
36.2
35.8
35.8
36.3
34.3

Services, nee

89

34.7

34.8

36.5

36.5

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

See footnotes at end of table.




114

Average overtime hours
Mar.
2000P

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued

Industry

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

1987
SIC
Code

808

Average hourly earnings
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

$11.86

$11.83

$12.35

Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

$12.38

$343.94

$339.52

$365.56

$363.97

Mar.
2000P

Legal services

81

18.74

18.74

19.80

19.75

652.15

652.15

708.84

693.23

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

9.47
9.97
9.20
8.18
9.59
11.39

9.48
9.96
9.19
8.20
9.60
11.44

9.87
10.40
9.51
8.58
9.95
12.00

9.82
10.28
9.47
8.59
9.94
11.87

295.46
312.06
281.52
241.31
308.80
372.45

291.98
308.76
278.46
238.62
307.20
368.37

311.89
329.68
293.86
253.11
330.34
391.20

304.42
319.71
287.89
254.26
320.07
384.59

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

18.60

18.44

19.05

18.98

658.44

649.09

674.37

658.61

Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

18.26
20.03
20.94
18.01
13.97
15.45
18.58
20.53
15.10
21.94
18.03
15.88
20.92
16.68

18.25
20.02
20.91
18.01
14.24
15.55
18.43
20.29
14.77
21.98
18.03
15.95
20.78
16.47

19.01
20.84
21.71
19.03
14.58
16.30
18.61
20.39
15.17
22.13
19.00
16.77
22.16
17.61

18.96
21.02
21.93
19.04
14.70
15.94
18.60
20.32
14.85
22.41
18.97
16.88
21.99
17.92

686.58
783.17
827.13
689.78
512.70
588.65
681.89
812.99
469.61
800.81
656.29
558.98
769.86
577.13

680.73
780.78
823.85
680.78
522.61
592.46
670.85
799.43
468.21
786.88
645.47
548.68
752.24
578.10

710.97
814.84
857.55
730.75
530.71
612.88
677.40
801.33
465.72
814.38
691.60
605.40
815.49
644.53

703.42
817.68
861.85
725.42
538.02
602.53
669.60
792.48
454.41
811.24
679.13
604.30
798.24
614.66

Services, nee

89

18.38

18.26

18.78

18.67

637.79

635.45

685.47

681.46

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction
workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and
services.
2
See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided
missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million or
more in 1993 and to Amtrak.




4

Mar.
2000P

Money payments only; tips, not included.
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to revision.
5

115

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to escalate
labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and
their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition
take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not
capture "lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general
wage increases" which were negotiated in aerospace
manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in
late 1983.

Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry,
BLS has calculated average hourly earnings series for SIC
3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sum payments. These
series, beginning in October 1983, the effective date of the
first aerospace bargaining agreement using lump-sum
payments, were published in the June 1988 issue of Employment
and Earnings, Current and year earlier data are presented in
table B-15a along with the average hourly earnings series
produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics
program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.

B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing
Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Jan.
1999

Feb.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Jan.
1999

Feb.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$21.39

$21.47

$22.60

$22.56

$21.65

$21.95

$21.68

$21.92

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

21.50

21.58

22.67

22.64

21.85

22.15

21.78

22.01

P = preliminary.




116

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
EM 6. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime1, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

13.00

$13.04

$13.47

$13.47

$13.52

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

13.42
10.74
10.63
12.80
14.42
12.63
13.96
12.70
16.52
13.43
10.80

13.47
10.75
10.62
12.85
14.51
12.65
14.02
12.72
16.65
13.46
10.77

13.95
11.12
10.97
13.13
15.08
12.97
14.55
13.14
17.54
13.82
11.20

13.95
11.08
11.03
13.12
15.15
12.95
14.54
13.09
17.53
13.84
11.20

14.00
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

12.36
11.24
17.19
10.11
8.42
14.83
13.20
16.30
20.04
11.58
9.33

12.39
11.26
18.68
10.11
8.52
14.85
13.21
16.25
20.05
11.60
9.31

12.73
11.54
16.58
10.31
8.76
15.09
13.60
16.81
20.39
11.93
9.78

12.73
11.58
16.77
10.29
8.74
15.11
13.62
16.82
20.57
11.93
9.65

$12.77
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Industry

Manufacturing

1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1998 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1998 forward are subject to
revision.

117

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
Average hourly earnings
Industry

Average weekly earnings

Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

$13.10
7.88

$13.12
7.88

$13.58
7.95

$13.59
7.91

$13.62 $449.33 $448.70 $467.15 $464.78 $465.80
270.19 269.33 273.51 270.69
(2)
(2)

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

17.08
10.27

17.01
10.21

17.24
10.09

17.15
9.99

$17.22
(2)

729.32
438.56

717.82
430.86

763.73
447.15

756.32 $752.51
440.49
(2)

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

16.66
10.02

16.79
10.08

17.34
10.15

17.37
10.12

$17.47
(2)

633.08
380.69

632.98
379.94

664.12
388.83

672.22 $676.09
391.51
(2)

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.66
8.21

13.73
8.24

14.19
8.31

14.19
8.26

$14.24
(2)

564.16
339.24

568.42
341.19

590.30
345.61

588.89 $590.96
342.98
(2)

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

15.56
9.36

15.51
9.31

15.95
9.34

16.06
9.35

$16.04
(2)

606.84
364.91

601.79
361.22

609.29
356.73

613.49 $609.52
357.30
(2)

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

14.38
8.65

14.34
8.61

15.06
8.82

14.96
8.71

$14.94
(2)

550.75
331.18

547.79
328.81

579.81
339.47

571.47 $570.71
332.83
(2)

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

8.98
5.40

9.00
5.40

9.33
5.46

9.34
5.44

$9.36
(2)

256.83
154.44

257.40
154.50

265.91
155.69

266.19 $267.70
155.03
(2)

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

14.55
8.75

14.53
8.72

14.97
8.76

14.91
8.68

$14.94
(2)

528.17
317.60

523.08
313.97

549.40
321.66

536.76 $537.84
312.62
(2)

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.32
8.01

13.33
8.00

13.81
8.09

13.81
8.04

$13.83
(2)

432.90
260.31

431.89
259.24

451.59
264.40

450.21 $449.48
262.21
(2)

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.




Feb.
1999

Mar.
1999

Jan.
2000

Feb.
2000P

Mar.
2000P

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series. Establishment
survey estimates are currently projected from March 1998 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from
April 1998 forward are subject to revision.

118

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

February
1999

January
2000

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

January
2000

February
2000P

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

41.6
42.1
43.6

$12.27
12.95
13.87

$12.70
13.13
14.02

$12.73
13.18
14.02

$511.66
551.67
600.57

$533.40
546.21
618.28

$529.57
554.88
611.27
594.55

41.7
42.6
43.3

42.0
41.6
44.1

Alaska

56.6

41.2

59.1

10.32

11.21

10.06

584.11

461.85

Arizona

40.1

40.6

40.3

12.66

12.79

12.76

507.67

519.27

514.23

11.90
11.36
11.69
12.51
13.45

11.90
11.51
11.82
12.49
13.45

474.66
467.14
487.06
505.36
513.20

496.23
483.94
487.47
510.41
547.42

497.42
491.48
490.53
507.09
550.11

41.6
42.7
41.7
41.8
40.0

41.7
42.6
41.7
40.8
40.7

41.8
42.7
41.5
40.6
40.9

11.41
10.94
11.68
12.09
12.83

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

41.6
42.1
40.6
42.6
41.7
42.1
42.8
42.0
40.8
38.5
40.2
40.2
42.6
40.5
39.7
42.0
42.4
42.5

41.3
40.6
41.0
42.6
41.2
42.1
43.2
42.1
40.9
42.4
39.6
40.2
40.8
41.2
40.3
41.7
41.8
41.9

41.1
41.2
41.3
42.6
41.2
42.2
42.7
41.7
40.0
40.8
39.3
40.1
41.2
41.2
39.4
40.7
41.6
41.8

13.87
13.77
12.16
13.01
13.87
15.54
13.25
12.28
14.89
14.47
13.70
14.82
17.05
14.19
14.97
13.36
15.92
12.77

14.09
14.02
12.34
13.21
14.08
15.81
13.45
12.54
14.99
14.10
13.70
14.89
17.43
14.33
14.84
13.51
16.14
12.86

14.06
14.01
12.35
13.22
14.15
15.79
13.48
12.53
14.99
13.91
13.58
14.90
17.50
14.32
14.78
13.53
16.17
12.85

576.99
579.72
493.70
554.23
578.38
654.23
567.10
515.76
607.51
557.10
550.74
595.76
726.33
574.70
594.31
561.12
675.01
542.73

581.92
569.21
505.94
562.75
580.10
665.60
581.04
527.93
613.09
597.84
542.52
598.58
711.14
590.40
598.05
563.37
674.65
538.83

577.87
577.21
510.06
563.17
582.98
666.34
575.60
522.50
599.60
567.53
533.69
597.49
721.00
569.98
582.33
550.67
672.67
537.13

Colorado
Denver

41.1
41.5

44.7
42.2

44.1
42.0

14.02
13.17

14.20
13.58

14.14
13.46

576.22
546.56

634.74
573.08

623.57
565.32

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

41.9
41.0
41.2
42.6
42.2
42.3
38.9
44.2

42.8
41.1
40.4
43.6
42.0
42.1
39.4
45.7

42.7
42.8
41.1
43.4
42.7
42.1
39.7
45.3

15.02
15.25
14.76
15.98
14.69
15.69
13.71
14.36

15.70
15.92
16.05
16.62
15.14
16.35
13.85
14.62

15.64
15.76
16.04
16.75
14.98
16.30
13.72
14.65

629.34
625.25
608.11
680.75
619.92
663.69
533.32
634.71

671.96
654.31
648.42
724.63
635.88
688.34
545.69
668.13

667.83
674.53
659.24
726.95
639.65
686.23
544.68
663.65

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

42.4
40.3
43.3

42.2
38.7
43.0

43.3
38.7
44.1

15.58
14.08
18.76

16.06
14.27
19.40

16.39
14.43
19.53

660.59
567.42
812.31

677.73
552.25
834.20

709.69
558.44
861.27

38.9

39.2

39.2

15.15

15.13

15.29

589.34

593.10

599.37

12.08

12.00

505.20

Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA
42.1

42.1

42.1

11.69

492.15

508.57

40.8
40.3
46.6

41.8
40.2
47.1

41.4
39.7
45.7

12.24
12.96
15.70

12.88
13.67
16.52

12.89
13.69
16.61

499.39
522.29
731.62

538.38
549.53
778.09

533.65
543.49
759.08

39.4
40.3

39.2
39.9

38.1
39.8

13.38
13.32

13.38
12.98

13.20
12.60

527.17
536.80

524.50
517.90

502.92
501.48

Florida
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
Hawaii
Honolulu
38.9

40.0

39.6

12.99

14.05

14.06

505.31

562.00

556.78

41.5
38.5
41.2
41.7
41.7
42.4
39.9
42.1
42.7
41.7

41.7
37.1
40.1
41.7
41.0
41.6
42.0
40.9
42.6
42.5

41.5
42.1
39.4
41.6
40.5
41.5
41.7
40.8
42.0
41.6

13.87
17.93
11.36
13.60
15.19
16.73
15.43
16.61
16.04
12.39

14.25
20.65
12.34
14.02
15.34
16.65
15.55
16.75
16.67
12.85

14.26
19.73
12.63
14.01
15.51
16.62
15.44
16.82
16.54
12.84

575.61
690.31
468.03
567.12
633.42
709.35
615.66
699.28
684.91
516.66

594.23
766.12
494.83
584.63
628.94
692.64
653.10
685.08
710.14
546.13

591.79
830.63
497.62
582.82
628.16
689.73
643.85
686.26
694.68
534.14

Idaho
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
See footnotes at end of table.




119

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

43.0
40.5
39.9
44.6
41.3
45.0
44.3
48.2
42.9
44.9
41.1
44.3

42.6
40.2
39.9
44.1
40.6
42.7
44.1
48.1
41.8
43.9
41.0
44.7

42.5
40.1
39.7
43.3
40.5
43.3
44.1
48.8
42.0
43.9
40.7
44.4

$14.98
12.13
13.05
14.50
16.23
19.19
15.57
21.98
15.60
14.38
12.21
14.48

$15.59
13.83
13.61
15.21
16.16
20.31
15.47
21.81
16.48
13.62
12.59
13.88

$15.62
13.67
13.69
15.15
16.21
19.89
15.46
21.84
16.50
13.62
12.47
13.83

$644.14
4«1.27
520.70
646.70
670.30
863.55
689.75
1,059.44
669.24
645.66
501.83
641.46

$664.13
555.97
543.04
670.76
656.10
867.24
682.23
1,049.06
688.86
597.92
516.19
620.44

$663.85
548.17
543.49
656.00
656.51
861.24
681.79
1,065.79
693.00
597.92
507.53
614.05

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

40.8
41.1
39.8
37.8
39.1

41.3
42.1
37.8
38.1
37.4

41.7
45.3
40.2
36.7
38.3

14.11
17.21
13.85
15.60
12.14

14.31
18.54
15.37
15.87
12.17

14.37
18.39
15.81
16.24
12.47

575.69
707.33
551.23
589.68
474.67

591.00
780.53
580.99
604.65
455.16

599.23
833.07
635.56
596.01
477.60

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

41.0
40.6
41.6

39.9
38.1
40.8

39.7
37.7
40.7

14.07
16.94
16.23

14.97
17.54
17.19

14.98
17.91
17.20

576.87
687.76
675.17

597.30
668.27
701.35

594.71
675.21
700.04

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville

41.1
42.1
41.7

42.1
43.0
43.6

42.4
42.1
44.4

14.22
14.10
15.92

14.25
15.13
16.54

14.38
15.05
16.71

584.44
593.61
663.86

599.93
650.59
721.14

609.71
633.61
741.92

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

43.3
42.3
43.0
41.2

43.4
43.5
42.8
41.8

43.0
41.9
43.2
42.0

14.91
17.35
14.84
14.14

15.65
17.43
15.25
14.29

15.51
17.11
14.89
14.65

645.60
733.91
638.12
582.57

679.21
758.21
652.70
597.32

666.93
716.91
643.25
615.30

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

40.2
40.9
40.7

41.4
42.1
43.4

41.5
41.7
42.8

13.94
11.95
11.54

14.17
12.73
12.03

14.19
12.67
11.86

560.39
488.76
469.68

586.64
535.93
522.10

588.89
528.34
507.61

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA

41.0
41.0

40.9
41.0

41.0
41.9

14.45
15.30

14.68
15.36

14.76
15.62

592.45
627.30

600.41
629.76

605.16
654.48

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

41.9
41.2
41.0
41.7

41.8
40.6
40.9
41.8

42.1
41.0
41.0
42.0

14.01
15.33
13.68
14.25

14.43
15.84
13.88
14.73

14.47
15.92
13.88
14.79

587.02
631.60
560.88
594.23

603.17
643.10
567.69
615.71

609.19
652.72
569.08
621.18

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

43.6
44.2
44.9
45.2
41.5
41.7
43.1
42.8
44.8

44.3
45.5
46.1
46.2
42.5
42.3
42.8
43.0
46.7

43.9
45.3
45.5
45.6
41.8
42.1
42.8
42.5
46.7

18.10
19.43
20.51
25.27
15.04
12.88
15.53
19.63
21.96

18.93
20.24
20.87
25.27
15.17
13.34
14.66
19.98
21.77

18.96
20.48
20.86
25.17
15.17
13.38
14.69
20.02
21.80

789.16
858.81
920.90
1,142.20
624.16
537.10
669.34
840.16
983.81

838.60
920.92
962.11
1,167.47
644.73
564.28
627.45
859.14
1,016.66

832.34
927.74
949.13
1,147.75
634.11
563.30
628.73
850.85
1,018.06

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

40.9
39.9
41.7
41.5

40.9
38.5
42.1
41.5

40.7
39.2
42.0
41.9

14.05
12.73
15.07
13.36

14.68
12.82
15.55
13.80

14.74
12.96
15.58
13.96

574.65
507.93
628.42
554.44

600.41
493.57
654.66
572.70

599.92
508.03
654.36
584.92

Mississippi
Jackson

41.1
40.8

41.4
39.7

41.1
39.8

11.00
12.90

11.53
13.01

11.49
13.10

452.10
526.32

477.34
516.50

472.24
521.38

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

41.4
42.3
42.6
38.9

41.1
40.5
42.6
39.7

40.7
41.3
41.6
40.2

13.80
14.24
16.14
11.72

14.23
15.18
16.52
12.31

14.09
15.02
16.39
12.24

571.32
602.35
687.56
455.91

584.85
614.79
703.75
488.71

573.46
620.33
681.82
492.05

Montana

38.7

39.7

38.8

14.23

14.17

14.08

550.70

562.55

546.30

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

41.0
42.2
42.9

41.3
44.7
42.8

41.1
43.8
42.2

12.77
14.35
12.90

12.81
14.57
13.81

12.64
14.49
13.64

523.57
605.57
553.41

529.05
651.28
591.07

519.50
634.66
575.61

Nevada
Las Vegas

41.1
36.4

40.9
44.6

41.0
44.9

14.18
16.28

13.37
12.84

13.36
13.02

582.80
592.59

546.83
572.66

547.76
584.60

See footnotes at end of table.




120

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

40.7
40.3
41.1
41.0

40.4
38.2
40.5
41.9

40.8
39.1
41.3
40.9

$13.07
13.50
14.68
12.81

$13.20
14.32
13.63
13.27

$13.26
14.27
13.92
13.35

$531.95
544.05
603.35
525.21

$533.28
547.02
552.02
556.01

$541.01
557.96
574.90
546.02

New Jersey

41.7

41.7

41.7

14.92

15.36

15.30

622.16

640.51

638.01

New Mexico
Albuquerque

38.5
37.5

40.5
39.6

39.9
39.4

12.41
14.05

13.59
15.97

13.24
15.56

477.79
526.88

550.40
632.41

528.28
613.06

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

41.0
42.9
40.4
42.5
40.3
41.6
39.6
39.1
38.7
41.0
42.8
43.7
41.3
40.0
40.4

41.2
41.6
41.5
42.8
40.2
40.0
39.3
39.7
39.1
41.3
41.8
44.4
41.4
41.0
42.4

41.3
41.3
42.0
42.7
41.1
40.7
39.8
39.8
39.1
42.2
41.8
44.4
41.2
41.0
42.9

13.66
14.98
10.96
16.73
11.97
12.66
12.79
12.74
12.51
11.34
15.03
16.03
14.76
12.27
13.05

14.08
15.45
11.25
17.28
12.23
13.04
13.18
12.97
12.80
11.52
16.19
15.72
15.68
12.92
12.93

14.03
15.44
11.18
17.22
12.16
13.04
13.16
12.98
12.79
11.32
16.28
15.77
15.67
12.82
13.05

560.06
642.64
442.78
711.03
482.39
526.66
506.48
498.13
484.14
464.94
643.28
700.51
609.59
490.80
527.22

580.10
642.72
466.88
739.58
491.65
521.60
517.97
514.91
500.48
475.78
676.74
697.97
649.15
529.72
548.23

579.44
637.67
469.56
735.29
499.78
530.73
523.77
516.60
500.09
477.70
680.50
700.19
645.60
525.62
559.85

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

40.4
41.1
40.7
39.4
42.0

41.4
43.9
42.1
39.8
42.3

42.0
43.4
42.5
41.0
43.7

12.13
11.63
13.05
12.35
13.28

12.56
11.78
13.66
12.65
13.67

12.58
11.71
13.58
12.60
13.75

490.05
477.99
531.14
486.59
557.76

519.98
517.14
575.09
503.47
578.24

528.36
508.21
577.15
516.60
600.88

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

40.1
39.3

39.8
39.9

40.8
40.5

11.73
11.11

12.63
12.34

12.47
12.67

470.37
436.62

502.67
492.37

508.78
513.14

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

42.9
43.0
40.2
43.1
43.1
41.7
44.1
46.7
42.9
43.8
41.1
44.2
42.4

43.4
42.1
40.3
44.3
43.8
42.6
44.6
45.7
44.5
45.0
42.5
43.6
42.8

43.2
42.1
40.4
43.9
43.3
42.5
44.4
46.0
43.9
44.7
42.6
44.4
42.7

16.08
13.37
13.92
15.62
15.94
15.02
17.46
17.36
16.54
16.06
17.54
18.31
17.96

16.53
14.21
14.16
16.32
16.19
15.16
17.40
17.30
17.38
16.46
18.61
18.65
17.63

16.49
14.28
14.38
16.18
16.06
15.09
17.34
17.29
17.43
16.65
18.12
18.71
17.56

689.83
574.91
559.58
673.22
687.01
626.33
769.99
810.71
709.57
703.43
720.89
809.30
761.50

717.40
598.24
570.65
722.98
709.12
645.82
776.04
790.61
773.41
740.70
790.93
813.14
754.56

712.37
601.19
580.95
710.30
695.40
641.33
769.90
795.34
765.18
744.26
771.91
830.72
749.81

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

40.7
39.7
42.2

40.5
41.6
43.6

40.4
41.7
43.1

12.61
13.49
13.30

12.65
13.97
13.48

12.66
13.89
13.64

513.23
535.55
561.26

512.33
581.15
587.73

511.46
579.21
587.88

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

39.8
40.6
38.0
40.0
39.9

40.6
40.8
40.8
40.9
36.4

40.1
40.5
39.6
40.3
37.2

14.48
13.98
13.00
15.03
12.57

14.90
14.26
13.73
15.18
13.31

14.79
14.13
13.70
15.21
13.10

576.30
567.59
494.00
601.20
501.54

604.94
581.81
560.18
620.86
484.48

593.08
572.27
542.52
612.96
487.32

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

41.4
40.8
40.1
44.7
39.7
39.4
40.4
41.1
42.1
41.6
40.5
41.4
41.5
40.5
42.7

42.2
41.1
39.9
44.2
39.7
39.0
41.6
42.5
42.7
42.7
40.4
41.0
42.2
40.8
41.9

42.1
41.2
38.7
44.3
39.8
39.0
41.8
42.5
42.7
43.2
41.3
39.7
41.0
40.7
42.4

14.07
14.11
12.99
14.70
13.91
11.79
13.03
15.66
15.19
14.51
12.65
14.28
12.45
11.53
14.54

14.35
14.48
13.25
14.71
14.63
11.96
13.50
16.03
15.54
15.09
12.85
14.72
12.74
11.95
15.04

14.36
14.33
13.22
14.80
14.64
12.03
13.53
16.12
15.48
15.11
12.83
14.79
12.65
11.85
15.13

582.50
575.69
520.90
657.09
552.23
464.53
526.41
643.63
639.50
603.62
512.33
591.19
516.68
466.97
620.86

605.57
595.13
528.68
650.18
580.81
466.44
561.60
681.28
663.56
644.34
519.14
603.52
537.63
487.56
630.18

604.56
590.40
511.61
655.64
582.67
469.17
565.55
685.10
661.00
652.75
529.88
587.16
518.65
482.30
641.51

See footnotes at end of table.




121

January
2000

February
2000P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Rhode Island

February
1999

January
2000

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

February
2000P

February
1999

January
2000

February
2000P

February
1999

$12.20
12.28

$12.21
12.32

$468.85
490.02

$484.34
485.06

$494.51
495.26

January
2000

February
2000P

39.3
40.1

39.7
39.5

40.5
40.2

$11.93
12.22

42.5

42.7

42.8

10.53

10.84

10.87

447.53

462.87

465.24

42.7
40.5
44.2

43.1
40.1
44.7

43.1
40.2
44.5

10.52
10.50
10.93

10.64
10.75
11.13

10.67
10.72
11.11

449.20
425.25
483.11

458.58
431.08
497.51

459.88
430.94
494.40

40.2
41.4
38.4
41.1
40.1
38.4

40.9
41.6
41.9
39.9
40.1
40.0

40.2
41.1
41.4
39.3
39.7
39.6

12.25
11.56
12.86
12.01
13.20
12.99

12.81
12.04
12.74
12.47
13.53
14.06

12.76
12.16
12.42
12.47
13.36
13.91

492.45
478.58
493.82
493.61
529.32
498.82

523.93
500.86
533.81
497.55
542.55
562.40

512.95
499.78
514.19
490.07
530.39
550.84

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

43.1
42.5
42.3
43.7
42.4

43.2
41.7
43.6
44.2
43.0

43.2
42.1
43.5
44.1
42.9

12.22
12.43
13.25
14.21
9.90

12.33
12.38
13.49
14.55
10.11

12.31
12.44
13.46
14.49
10.10

526.68
528.28
560.48
620.98
419.76

532.66
516.25
588.16
643.11
434.73

531.79
523.72
585.51
639.01
433.29

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

40.3
40.7

39.0
38.5

39.0
38.7

13.21
12.88

13.36
12.91

13.46
13.01

532.36
524.22

521.04
497.04

524.94
503.49

Vermont
Burlington

39.3
48.1

40.8
45.9

41.4
46.5

13.37
14.35

14.00
15.44

14.12
15.68

525.44
690.24

571.20
708.70

584.57
729.12

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

42.0
48.3
41.0
42.5
44.0
41.1
40.9
39.5

42.5
48.7
46.7
44.2
44.9
39.3
41.7
38.9

42.6
45.9
43.0
44.9
44.6
39.9
42.8
38.8

13.28
11.97
10.60
13.27
13.23
13.43
16.41
14.26

13.73
12.42
11.35
13.64
13.30
13.94
16.26
14.03

13.71
11.96
11.23
13.51
13.13
13.78
16.42
14.42

557.76
578.15
434.60
563.98
582.12
551.97
671.17
563.27

583.53
604.85
530.05
602.89
597.17
547.84
678.04
545.77

584.05
548.96
482.89
606.60
585.60
549.82
702.78
559.50

Providence-Fall River-Warwick ..
South Carolina
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol ...
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Washington

40.3

40.9

41.0

16.12

16.67

16.70

649.64

681.80

684.70

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

41.3
46.9
42.6
42.1
39.0

41.8
47.9
40.0
41.7
39.2

41.9
50.0
40.6
42.0
40.9

13.84
15.82
15.24
17.60
16.78

14.37
16.80
15.15
18.18
18.10

14.30
16.77
14.98
18.39
18.35

571.59
741.96
649.22
740.96
654.42

600.67
804.72
606.00
758.11
709.52

599.17
838.50
608.19
772.38
750.52

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

41.5
43.7
40.7
41.6
42.5
38.1
40.0
39.8
41.5
40.3
42.2
41.7

41.7
45.1
42.9
43.5
40.9
38.5
40.4
40.8
41.3
45.0
42.2
40.8

41.6
44.1
42.2
43.8
40.5
38.8
40.6
40.9
40.7
44.0
41.8
40.6

14.40
15.56
12.71
15.42
18.76
16.17
12.78
13.18
15.27
14.56
14.33
13.95

14.69
16.08
13.40
15.13
18.67
17.30
12.13
13.98
15.62
14.27
15.08
14.68

14.68
15.90
13.33
15.39
18.83
17.56
12.33
14.10
15.70
14.42
14.73
14.55

597.60
679.97
517.30
641.47
797.30
616.08
511.20
524.56
633.71
586.77
604.73
581.72

612.57
725.21
574.86
658.16
763.60
666.05
490.05
570.38
645.11
642.15
636.38
598.94

610.69
701.19
562.53
674.08
762.62
681.33
500.60
576.69
638.99
634.48
615.71
590.73

Wyoming

39.4

39.8

39.6

15.39

15.41

15.28

606.37

613.32

605.09

39.9

41.4

8.66

9.09

9.14

354.19

362.69

378.40

Puerto Rico

40.9

Virgin Islands

43.1

18.55

1
Not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All




799.51

State and area data (with the exception of data for New Jersey) have been adjusted to
March 1999 benchmarks.

122

LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1
(Numbers in thousands)

1999

2000

Census region and division
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

July

June

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

NORTHEAST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

26,105.3 26,107.9 26,151.8 26,158.0 26,188.6 26,224.2 26,239.4 26,246.5 26,293.0 26,316.7 26,336.6 26,416.3 26,412.8
24,940.5 24,946.3 25,002.0 24,987.2 25,012.9 25,067.2 25,079.7 25,095.2 25,160.3 25,209.1 25,252.8 25,365.3 25,357.7
1,164.9
1,149.8 1,170.9 1,175.6 1,156.9 1,159.7 1,151.3 1,132.7 1,107.6 1,083.9 1,051.0 1,055.1
1,161.6
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.0
4.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.0

New England
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

7,104.8
6,867.3
237.5
3.3

7,111.5
6,874.5

7,127.7
6,893.6

236.9
3.3

234.1
3.3

7,129.8
6,887.6
242.2
3.4

7,139.0

6,898.2
240.8
3.4

7,149.4
6,914.7
234.6
3.3

7,154.1
6,920.6
233.5
3.3

7,163.6
6,930.5
233.1
3.3

7,182.5

7,193.2

6,949.4

6,965.4
227.8
3.2

233.1
3.2

7,201.5
6,978.8
222.7

3.1

7,226.5
7,019.2
207.3
2.9

7,232.1
7,018.9
213.2

2.9

Middle Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

19,000.5 18,996.4 19,024.1 19,028.3 19,049.5 19,074.8 19,085.3 19,082.9 19,110.5 19,123.5 19,135.1 19,189.8 19,180.7
18,073.2 18,071.8 18,108.4 18,099.6 18,114.7 18,152.5 18,159.1 18,164.7 18,210.9 18,243.7 18,274.0 18,346.1 18,338.8
841.9
918.2
922.3
926.2
879.8
861.1
843.7
928.7
934.8
927.3
915.7
899.6
924.7
4.4
4.8
4.9
4.5
4.4
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.7
4.9

SOUTH
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

48,048.9 48,087.5 48,148.2 48,186.0 48,277.5 48,351.3 48,440.4 48,581.6 48,748.2 48,881.3 49,012.4 49,142.0 49,237.8
46,021.7 46,059.2 46,131.3 46,171.1 46,266.7 46,382.7 46,469.6 46,607.2 46,774.9 46,929.0 47,076.3 47,254.4 47,327.5
2,027.2 2,028.2 2,016.9 2,014.9 2,010.8 1,968.7 1,970.8 1,974.4 1,973.3 1,952.3 1,936.1 1,887.6 1,910.2
4.1
4.1
3.9
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.8
4.0
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.0

South Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

24,839.8 24,859.8 24,915.6 24,949.6 24,985.5 25,038.7 25,101.1 25,184.6 25,287.9 25,371.0 25,451.4 25,501.4 25,554.9
23,892.1 23,907.0 23,970.9 24,001.5 24,047.4 24,115.0 24,171.2 24,251.2 24,353.3 24,442.8 24,532.8 24,607.7 24,664.3
890.5
933.4
893.7
923.7
948.0
944.7
938.1
929.9
928.2
918.6
952.9
947.8
934.6
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.5
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.8

East South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,154.6
7,784.1
370.6
4.5

8,165.4
7,788.6
376.8
4.6

8,173.4
7,798.1
375.3
4.6

8,177.8
7,802.2
375.6

4.6

8,195.3
7,818.4

376.9
4.6

8,210.8
7,841.2
369.6
4.5

8,212.7
7,844.3

368.4
4.5

8,227.2
7,861.9
365.4
4.4

8,249.2
7,886.2
363.0
4.4

8,259.3
7,904.8
354.5
4.3

8,273.2

8,313.7

7,924.1
349.1
4.2

7,965.4
348.3
4.2

8,331.7
7,978.0
353.7
4.2

West South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

15,054.5 15,062.3 15,059.2 15,058.7 15,096.6 15,101.8 15,126.6 15,169.7 15,211.1 15,251.0 15,287.8 15,327.0 15,351.1
14,345.6 14,363.7 14,362.3 14,367.4 14,400.9 14,426.5 14,454.2 14,494.1 14,535.4 14,581.4 14,619.5 14,681.4 14,685.2
675.3
691.3
695.7
672.4
708.9
675.7
698.6
696.9
675.7
669.6
665.9
668.4
645.6
4.7
4.6
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.6
4.6
4.4
4.6
4.4
4.3
4.5
4.2

See footnotes at end of table.




123

LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1 — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
Census region and division
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

July

June

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

MIDWEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

33,215.9 33,232.4 33,291.8 33,313.2 33,391.1 33,471.9 33,473.1 33,543.4 33,640.6 33,720.7 33,816.4 33,888.9 33,902.4
32,005.7 32,033.0 32,096.1 32,088.4 32,159.6 32,254.6 32,268.8 32,356.7 32,470.0 32,565.1 32,671.1 32,791.1 32,776.9
1,170.6 1,155.6 1,145.4 1,097.8 1,125.5
1,210.2 1,199.4 1,195.6 1,224.8 1,231.5 1,217.3 1,204.3 1,186.7
3.6
3.7
3.4
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.2
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.6
3.3
3.4

East North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

23,091.3 23,110.2 23,158.7 23,171.6 23,224.3 23,280.3 23,272.7 23,306.0 23,360.6 23,404.4 23,448.8 23,506.5 23,513.4
22,194.4 22,224.3 22,269.8 22,262.5 22,309.4 22,373.8 22,372.5 22,415.7 22,474.7 22,528.7 22,579.5 22,670.7 22,662.7
875.7
906.5
900.2
890.4
889.0
885.9
850.7
835.8
869.3
885.9
914.9
909.0
896.9
3.7
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.9
3.9
3.6
3.6
3.8

West North Centra!
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

10,124.6 10,122.2 10,133.0 10,141.6 10,166.8 10,191.5 10,200.5 10,237.4 10,280.0 10,316.3 10,367.6 10,382.4 10,388.9
9,811.3 9,808.7 9,826.3 9,825.9 9,850.3 9,880.7 9,896.4 9,941.1 9,995.3 10,036.4 10,091.6 10,120.4 10,114.2
313.5
310.8
304.1
306.7
315.7
313.2
274.7
276.0
279.9
284.7
316.6
262.0
296.3
3.0
3.1
2.7
2.7
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.1
2.6
2.8
2.5
2.9

WEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

30,967.7 31,018.1 31,057.5 31,099.9 31,152.0 31,221.3 31,237.0 31,260.6 31,351.4 31,431.9 31,508.3 31,607.8 31,626.7
29,363.4 29,425.3 29,478.1 29,533.3 29,595.8 29,691.5 29,731.2 29,782.0 29,881.2 29,980.9 30,063.4 30,199.9 30,242.5
1,604.3 1,592.8 1,579.4 1,566.6 1,556.2 1,529.8 1,505.8 1,478.7 1,470.2 1,451.0 1,444.9 1,407.8 1,384.2
4.4
4.7
4.9
4.8
5.0
5.1
4.5
4.6
4.6
5.0
5.1
4.7
5.2

Mountain
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,762.5
8,386.8
375.7
4.3

8,773.7
8,398.3
375.4
4.3

8,802.7
8,424.2
378.5
4.3

8,811.9
8,431.3
380.6
4.3

8,830.2
8,453.5
376.7
4.3

8,859.4
8,485.5
373.9
4.2

8,873.6
8,502.9
370.7
4.2

8,895.5
8,533.4
362.1
4.1

8,928.4
8,568.6
359.8
4.0

8,960.7
8,609.0
351.8
3.9

8,994.5
8,648.1
346.4
3.9

9,014.4
8,679.3
335.2
3.7

9,018.6
8,681.0
337.6
3.7

Pacific
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

22,205.2 22,244.4 22,254.8 22,288.0 22,321.7 22,362.0 22,363.4 22,365.1 22,423.0 22,471.2 22,513.8 22,593.3 22,608.1
20,976.5 21,027.0 21,053.9 21,102.0 21,142.3 21,206.0 21,228.3 21,248.5 21,312.5 21,371.9 21,415.3 21,520.6 21,561.5
1,228.7 1,217.4 1,200.9 1,186.0 1,179.5 1,155.9 1,135.1 1,116.5 1,110.4 1,099.2 1,098.5 1,072.7 1,046.6
4.7
4.6
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.4
5.0
5.2
5.5
Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South
Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona,
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific:
Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

P = preliminary.
1
These estimates are obtained from summing offical State estimates produced
and published through the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various
census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York,
and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,




124

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

2,140.8
2,038.0
102.8
4.8

2,144.9
2,040.2
104.7
4.9

2,151.7
2,047.9
103.8
4.8

2,159.2
2,056.9
102.3
4.7

2,169.6
2,067.2
102.3
4.7

2,182.5
2,079.5
103.0
4.7

2,197.8
2,089.7
108.1
4.9

2,199.1
2,097.6
101.4
4.6

314.1
293.3
20.8
6.6

313.8
293.4
20.4
6.5

314.4
294.5
19.9
6.3

314.9
295.5
19.4
6.2

315.7
296.6
19.1
6.0

316.7
297.7
19.0
6.0

317.6
299.4
18.2
5.7

318.9
300.1
18.9
5.9

319.1
300.7
18.5
5.8

2,357.0
2,247.6
109.4
4.6

2,362.6
2,255.2
107.3
4.5

2,373.7
2,265.7
108.1
4.6

2,378.4
2,271.4
107.0
4.5

2,380.8
2,279.3
101.5
4.3

2,386.9
2,285.3
101.6
4.3

2,392.0
2,292.3
99.7
4.2

2,396.5
2,299.7
96.8
4.0

2,401.2
2,302.6
98.7
4.1

2,399.1
2,303.9
95.1
4.0

1,209.7
1,154.2
55.5
4.6

1,211.8
1,156.8
55.0
4.5

1,215.9
1,160.7
55.2
4.5

1,220.0
1,165.8
54.1
4.4

1,224.0
1,170.4
53.7
4.4

1,229.5
1,177.2
52.3
4.3

1,236.3
1,184.0
52.3
4.2

1,243.7
1,191.8
51.9
4.2

1,251.8
1.198.6
53.1
4.2

1,256.7
1,201.8
54.9
4.4

1,259.1
1,200.3
58.8
4.7

16,508.6
15,601.1
907.5
5.5

16,527.1
15,631.2
895.9
5.4

16,552.7
15,677.4
875.3
5.3

16,580.8
15,713.2
867.7
5.2

16,614.0
15,759.7
854.3
5.1

16,619.5
15,783.6
835.9
5.0

16,630.6
15,807.2
823.4
5.0

16,667.4
15,841.6
825.8
5.0

16,695.4
15,870.9
824.5
4.9

16,726.0
15,898.0
828.0
5.0

16,794.2
15,993.9
800.3
4.8

16,793.8
16,026.5
767.3
4.6

2,242.5
2,175.1
67.3
3.0

2,244.3
2,177.5
66.8
3.0

2,251.9
2,185.1
66.8
3.0

2,252.2
2,186.8
65.4
2.9

2,256.9
2,191.8
65.1
2.9

2,264.3
2,200.0
64.3
2.8

2,265.1
2,201.0
64.1
2.8

2,271.9
2,208.0
63.9
2.8

2,281.1
2,216.0
65.0
2.9

2,292.1
2,227.8
64.3
2.8

2,301.2
2,235.8
65.5
2.8

2,313.5
2,254.3
59.2
2.6

2,310.4
2,245.5
64.9
2.8

1,689.9
1,634.0
55.9
3.3

1,689.9
1,633.3
56.6
3.3

1,690.8
1,634.5
56.3
3.3

1,690.4
1,633.1
57.3
3.4

1,690.3
1,634.2
56.1
3.3

1,689.7
1,637.7
52.0
3.1

1,688.9
1,638.3
50.6
3.0

1,690.2
1,637.8
52.4
3.1

1,694.2
1,642.2
52.0
3.1

1,696.0
1,646.6
49.4
2.9

1,697.1
1,649.9
47.2
2.8

1,706.7
1,668.7
38.0
2.2

1,707.5
1,665.7
41.8
2.4

387.2
373.4
13.8
3.6

387.2
373.3
13.9
3.6

386.9
372.8
14.1
3.6

385.9
371.9
14.0
3.6

385.7
372.0
13.7
3.5

387.0
373.4
13.5
3.5

387.3
374.4
12.9
3.3

389.0
375.8
13.1
3.4

392.0
378.4
13.6
3.5

394.3
380.6
13.7
3.5

396.7
383.0
13.8
3.5

397.0
384.8
12.2
3.1

397.7
383.9
13.8
3.5

278.3
259.0
19.3
6.9

279.1
260.4
18.6
6.7

280.1
261.8
18.3
6.5

281.5
263.7
17.9
6.3

283.1
265.8
17.3
6.1

283.6
266.8
16.8
5.9

285.0
268.2
16.8
5.9

284.4
267.6
16.8
5.9

284.7
268.2
16.5
5.8

284.9
268.0
16.8
5.9

284.4
267.3
17.1
6.0

279.9
263.2
16.7
6.0

280.7
265.2
15.5
5.5

7,282.4
6,993.2
289.2
4.0

7,290.6
7.003.7
286.8
3.9

7,306.8
7,020.5
286.3
3.9

7,319.3
7,035.2
284.0
3.9

7,339.0
7,058.7
280.3
3.8

7,359.7
7,085.4
274.3
3.7

7,381.2
7,104.5
276.6
3.7

7,406.6
7,127.4
279.1
3.8

7,446.6
7,162.0
284.6
3.8

7,483.6
7,193.4
290.2
3.9

7,508.2
7,221.2
287.1
3.8

7,540.4
7,260.4
280.0
3.7

7,544.3
7,263.4
280.9
3.7

Feb.

Mar.

2,131.8
2,034.0
97.8
4.6

2,132.5
2,031.3
101.2
4.7

315.8
294.7
21.1
6.7

May

June

2,133.4
2,029.5
103.9
4.9

2,130.4
2,026.9
103.4
4.9

2,134.4
2,030.1
104.3
4.9

314.5
293.9
20.6
6.6

314.6
293.8
20.8
6.6

314.8
293.5
21.3
6.8

2,328.7
2,225.4
103.4
4.4

2,335.7
2,230.8
104.9
4.5

2,352.3
2,244.3
108.0
4.6

1,207.2
1,149.6
57.6
4.8

1,207.1
1,151.6
55.5
4.6

16,466.2
15,553.9
912.3
5.5

Apr.

July

Alabama
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Alaska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arizona
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
California
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




125

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
Feb.

Mar.

4,061.9
3,891.6
170.2
4.2

4,060.3
3,889.4
170.9
4.2

591.8
556.0
35.8
6.1

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

4,090.9
3,927.1
163.8
4.0

4,096.8
3,934.1
162.7
4.0

4,104.1
3,944.2
159.9
3.9

4,109.7
3,955.3
154.5
3.8

4,110.2
3,962.2
148.1
3.6

4,118.8
3,970.4
148.3
3.6

4,118.5
3,970.0
148.5
3.6

4,142.1
4,001.3
140.8
3.4

593.3
559.8
33.5
5.6

593.8
561.3
32.4
5.5

594.5
562.3
32.2
5.4

596.3
564.6
31.7
5.3

597.8
566.0
31.8
5.3

598.9
567.6
31.3
5.2

599.5
568.8
30.7
5.1

602.5
573.0
29.4
4.9

601.2
572.8
28.4
4.7

651.8
616.0
35.8
5.5

652.8
617.3
35.6
5.4

654.7
620.0
34.7
5.3

656.0
622.0
34.0
5.2

656.4
623.8
32.6
5.0

658.6
626.7
31.9
4.8

660.1
629.8
30.3
4.6

662.8
633.6
29.1
4.4

661.9
633.0
28.9
4.4

663.2
633.7
29.5
4.4

6,368.4
6,101.4
266.9
4.2

6,383.3
6,103.5
279.9
4.4

6,401.7
6,118.9
282.7
4.4

6,422.8
6,137.2
285.6
4.4

6,409.9
6,126.0
283.9
4.4

6,412.9
6,135.4
277.5
4.3

6,413.1
6,138.9
274.2
4.3

6,411.4
6,140.8
270.6
4.2

6,409.8
6,139.5
270.3
4.2

6,420.2
6,158.6
261.6
4.1

6,431.6
6,154.8
276.8
4.3

3,066.2
2,975.6
90.6
3.0

3,067.6
2,975.8
91.8
3.0

3,070.2
2,974.3
96.0
3.1

3,071.2
2,977.0
94.2
3.1

3,070.7
2,981.5
89.2
2.9

3,076.7
2,983.8
92.9
3.0

3,074.9
2,982.1
92.8
3.0

3,090.3
2,998.5
91.8
3.0

3,098.1
3,005.7
92.3
3.0

3,104.5
3,014.3
90.3
2.9

3,116.3
3,022.6
93.8
3.0

3,121.5
3,022.1
99.4
3.2

1,567.4
1,525.1
42.3
2.7

1,567.0
1,524.9
42.1
2.7

1,569.2
1,529.0
40.2
2.6

1,568.9
1,528.1
40.8
2.6

1,573.2
1,532.9
40.4
2.6

1,574.9
1,534.4
40.4
2.6

1,576.4
1,536.3
40.1
2.5

1,575.9
1,537.6
38.3
2.4

1,578.1
1,541.4
36.7
2.3

1,578.9
1,544.1
34.8
2.2

1,585.5
1,550.9
34.6
2.2

1,583.9
1,546.4
37.6
2.4

1,586.8
1,551.8
35.0
2.2

1,426.1
1,383.4
42.8
3.0

1,427.1
1,385.1
41.9
2.9

1,428.0
1,386.6
41.4
2.9

1,428.9
1,387.7
41.2
2.9

1,429.5
1,390.0
39.5
2.8

1,435.5
1,394.6
40.9
2.8

1,435.7
1,393.9
41.8
2.9

1,438.6
1,395.3
43.3
3.0

1,442.4
1,398.7
43.7
3.0

1,445.3
1,399.8
45.5
3.1

1,448.4
1,401.4
47.0
3.2

1,451.9
1,407.5
44.4
3.1

1,451.1
1,403.8
47.3
3.3

1,957.9
1,866.9
91.1
4.7

1,960.7
1,868.9
91.8
4.7

1,967.5
1,876.0
91.5
4.7

1,971.7
1,879.9
91.8
4.7

1,976.4
1,883.9
92.5
4.7

1,972.9
1,884.9
88.0
4.5

1,973.8
1,886.7
87.0
4.4

1,975.8
1,889.8
86.0
4.4

1,978.4
1,893.3
85.1
4.3

1,975.8
1,895.3
80.5
4.1

1,972.5
1,895.6
76.9
3.9

1,981.2
1,906.6
74.7
3.8

1,989.5
1,907.8
81.7
4.1

2,058.1
1,940.4
117.7
5.7

2,052.1
1,938.9
113.2
5.5

2,050.3
1,940.4
109.9
5.4

2,041.4
1,938.5
103.0
5.0

2,044.7
1,943.2
101.4
5.0

2,049.8
1,948.2
101.6
5.0

2,050.3
1,949.4
100.9
4.9

2,054.5
1,953.1
101.4
4.9

2,056.8
1,957.3
99.5
4.8

2,056.1
1,963.3
92.9
4.5

2,046.4
1,959.3
87.1
4.3

2,044.1
1,948.6
95.4
4.7

2,040.5
1,943.3
97.2
4.8

661.1
633.3
27.8
4.2

663.3
635.2
28.1
4.2

665.5
637.4
28.2
4.2

668.5
638.5
29.9
4.5

671.0
641.0
29.9
4.5

671.2
644.3
27.0
4.0

673.6
645.9
27.7
4.1

678.3
650.8
27.5
4.1

680.9
654.5
26.4
3.9

683.7
658.3
25.5
3.7

686.9
661.8
25.1
3.7

692.1
667.8
24.3
3.5

695.8
671.9
24.0
3.4

May

June

July

4,076.3
3,907.9
168.4
4.1

4,082.7
3,915.5
167.2
4.1

4,088.2
3,920.1
168.1
4.1

592.4
557.0
35.4
6.0

593.0
558.5
34.6
5.8

593.3
559.4
33.9
5.7

653.1
616.9
36.2
5.5

652.7
616.4
36.3
5.6

651.7
615.9
35.9
5.5

6,330.1
6,066.2
263.9
4.2

6,346.2
6,085.2
261.0
4.1

3,071.9
2,977.8
94.1
3.1

Apr.

Georgia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed ..
Unemployment rate
Hawaii
Civilian labor force
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian labor force
Employed .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Indiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Iowa
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed . .
Unemployment rate
Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




126

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
State
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

2,753.1
2,656.7
96.4
3.5

2,758.6
2,663.5
95.1
3.4

2,780.4
2,686.4
94.0
3.4

2,794.4
2,700.5
93.9
3.4

2,805.4
2,714.1
91.4
3.3

2,817.8
2,726.6
91.2
3.2

2,828.8
2,742.1
86.7
3.1

2,824.2
2,740.5
83.7
3.0

3,273.5
3,169.0
104.6
3.2

3,279.8
3,173.9
106.0
3.2

3,281.8
3,175.3
106.5
3.2

3,285.1
3,179.5
105.5
3.2

3,292.2
3,184.7
107.5
3.3

3,293.3
3,186.3
107.1
3.3

3,293.7
3,188.1
105.7
3.2

3,299.7
3,201.0
98.7
3.0

3,304.2
3,202.5
101.6
3.1

5,151.0
4,953.8
197.2
3.8

5,158.2
4,963.0
195.3
3.8

5,164.4
4,972.4
192.0
3.7

5,144.3
4,957.5
186.8
3.6

5,137.4
4,950.3
187.2
3.6

5,130.5
4,940.6
189.9
3.7

5,116.0
4,928.8
187.3
3.7

5,092.3
4,909.7
182.6
3.6

5,101.0
4,937.5
163.4
3.2

5,071.0
4,934.5
136.5
2.7

2,678.2
2,606.2
72.1
2.7

2,683.3
2,604.4
78.8
2.9

2,691.4
2,610.2
81.3
3.0

2,699.7
2,619.1
80.6
3.0

2,701.9
2,623.9
78.0
2.9

2,708.8
2,633.5
75.3
2.8

2,717.8
2,645.4
72.4
2.7

2,727.7
2,657.8
69.9
2.6

2,739.0
2,671.8
67.3
2.5

2,747.0
2,677.5
69.5
2.5

2,747.5
2,675.9
71.6
2.6

1,256.7
1,191.9
64.9
5.2

1,257.7
1,193.3
64.5
5.1

1,259.3
1,194.1
65.3
5.2

1,263.4
1,198.6
64.8
5.1

1,268.4
1,204.6
63.8
5.0

1,269.9
1,206.5
63.4
5.0

1,277.9
1,212.8
65.2
5.1

1,285.4
1,219.4
66.1
5.1

1,291.3
1,226.5
64.8
5.0

1,300.0
1,233.7
66.3
5.1

1,305.3
1,238.3
67.0
5.1

1,314.5
1,241.4
73.2
5.6

2,815.6
2,715.7
99.9
3.5

2,816.0
2,714.8
101.2
3.6

2,823.0
2,720.4
102.6
3.6

2,826.1
2,722.1
104.0
3.7

2,836.2
2,729.9
106.3
3.7

2,840.1
2,740.8
99.3
3.5

2,841.2
2,745.5
95.7
3.4

2,862.0
2,770.5
91.5
3.2

2,881.3
2,796.8
84.5
2.9

2,895.5
2,811.5
84.0
2.9

2,916.0
2,832.9
83.1
2.8

2,918.9
2,851.1
67.8
2.3

2,916.1
2,840.7
75.4
2.6

472.1
445.9
26.1
5.5

472.8
447.2
25.5
5.4

473.3
448.2
25.1
5.3

473.2
448.2
25.0
5.3

473.2
448.6
24.6
5.2

474.9
450.5
24.5
5.1

473.8
449.4
24.5
5.2

473.7
449.4
24.3
5.1

475.7
451.8
23.8
5.0

476.5
453.2
23.3
4.9

477.4
454.4
23.0
4.8

478.4
455.0
23.4
4.9

478.1
455.2
22.9
4.8

902.2
875.7
26.4
2.9

900.4
873.5
26.9
3.0

900.1
873.4
26.7
3.0

900.1
873.1
27.0
3.0

903.0
876.8
26.2
2.9

906.8
880.8
26.0
2.9

910.6
884.6
25.9
2.8

915.9
890.3
25.6
2.8

922.0
896.6
25.4
2.8

929.2
904.2
25.0
2.7

937.4
913.1
24.3
2.6

937.5
915.3
22.2
2.4

942.2
917.3
24.9
2.6

926.3
886.8
39.5
4.3

927.8
888.2
39.6
4.3

931.9
890.0
41.8
4.5

935.2
892.2
43.1
4.6

938.8
894.6
44.2
4.7

941.9
897.8
44.2
4.7

945.7
901.6
44.1
4.7

949.5
905.8
43.7
4.6

954.9
912.2
42.7
4.5

958.6
917.2
41.4
4.3

963.8
924.3
39.5
4.1

961.6
922.6
38.9
4.1

964.8
929.3
35.5
3.7

658.9
638.8
20.1
3.1

659.6
640.1
19.5
3.0

662.2
643.8
18.4
2.8

662.7
644.2
18.4
2.8

665.1
646.7
18.4
2.8

666.2
648.6
17.6
2.6

666.8
649.5
17.3
2.6

668.5
651.7
16.9
2.5

672.1
655.0
17.1
2.5

674.8
658.0
16.8
2.5

677.3
661.1
16.2
2.4

681.7
664.1
17.7
2.6

683.1
665.7
17.5
2.6

Feb.

Mar.

2,742.0
2,638.2
103.8
3.8

2,742.5
2,638.9
103.6
3.8

3,262.9
3,161.7
101.2
3.1

May

June

2,750.3
2,648.1
102.2
3.7

2,751.4
2,650.9
100.5
3.7

2,753.9
2,655.8
98.1
3.6

3,263.7
3,162.0
101.7
3.1

3,272.2
3,170.4
101.8
3.1

3,270.6
3,165.3
105.3
3.2

5,131.3
4,926.4
204.9
4.0

5,146.2
4,943.2
203.0
3.9

5,151.4
4,953.7
197.7
3.8

2,676.6
2,599.8
76.8
2.9

2,676.4
2,600.0
76.4
2.9

1,252.1
1,190.5
61.6
4.9

Apr.

July

Maryland
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian labor force .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nebraska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




127

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1999

2000

State
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

4,173.1
3,985.1
188.0
4.5

4,184.8
3,988.7
196.1
4.7

4,191.8
3,997.5
194.3
4.6

4,201.4
4,000.0
201.3
4.8

4,207.3
4,005.3
202.0
4.8

805.4
759.2
46.2
5.7

803.0
757.8
45.2
5.6

801.9
757.1
44.8
5.6

801.0
756.1
44.9
5.6

8,869.5
8,396.0
473.5
5.3

8,846.0
8,385.0
461.0
5.2

8,865.4
8,406.8
458.6
5.2

3,844.1
3,724.4
119.7
3.1

3,854.4
3,733.2
121.2
3.1

338.0
325.5
12.5
3.7

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

4,217.1
4,017.8
199.3
4.7

4,220.2
4,022.2
198.0
4.7

4,218.1
4,023.3
194.8
4.6

4,229.8
4,039.4
190.4
4.5

4,233.5
4,048.6
184.9
4.4

4,236.4
4,056.9
179.5
4.2

4,223.7
4,057.1
166.6
3.9

4,231.1
4,059.3
171.8
4.1

801.8
757.5
44.3
5.5

802.4
758.6
43.8
5.5

807.2
762.6
44.6
5.5

812.2
766.8
45.4
5.6

816.8
770.8
46.0
5.6

824.2
777.2
47.0
5.7

831.9
783.6
48.3
5.8

833.2
788.7
44.4
5.3

834.4
789.1
45.3
5.4

8,856.8
8,392.0
464.8
5.2

8,865.7
8,398.6
467.1
5.3

8,881.5
8,422.3
459.2
5.2

8,885.3
8,424.9
460.4
5.2

8.891.8
8,429.5
462.3
5.2

8,906.9
8,455.3
451.7
5.1

8,918.7
8,477.3
441.4
4.9

8,929.7
8,497.5
432.2
4.8

8,971.9
8,534.0
437.9
4.9

8,964.9
8,542.4
422.4
4.7

3,858.2
3,741.5
116.7
3.0

3,864.3
3,743.6
120.7
3.1

3,863.8
3,744.7
119.1
3.1

3,882.9
3,761.5
121.4
3.1

3,888.6
3,764.5
124.1
3.2

3,891.0
3,766.0
125.1
3.2

3,901.4
3,774.9
126.6
3.2

3,904.9
3,779.1
125.8
3.2

3,905.1
3,781.2
124.0
3.2

3,914.0
3,788.3
125.7
3.2

3,932.3
3,800.5
131.8
3.4

336.6
324.2
12.4
3.7

335.6
324.0
11.7
3.5

335.2
323.4
11.8
3.5

334.4
323.3
11.1
3.3

335.2
323.3
11.9
3.6

335.1
324.1
11.0
3.3

336.3
325.4
10.9
3.2

337.2
326.3
10.9
3.2

338.3
328.1
10.2
3.0

339.3
329.6
9.7
2.9

340.9
330.0
10.9
3.2

342.1
331.1
11.0
3.2

5,686.6
5,445.4
241.2
4.2

5,689.6
5,448.2
241.4
4.2

5,714.0
5,468.2
245.8
4.3

5,711.3
5,464.5
246.9
4.3

5,734.7
5,476.6
258.1
4.5

5,753.4
5,498.3
255.1
4.4

5,761.9
5,509.7
252.2
4.4

5,786.0
5,536.5
249.6
4.3

5,803.0
5,559.1
243.9
4.2

5,825.1
5,587.4
237.6
4.1

5,855.1
5,617.5
237.6
4.1

5,869.1
5,634.9
234.2
4.0

5,884.1
5,631.1
253.1
4.3

1,638.4
1,575.4
63.1
3.8

1,640.4
1,578.8
61.6
3.8

1,642.2
1,582.7
59.5
3.6

1,644.5
1,587.5
57.0
3.5

1,647.8
1,592.5
55.3
3.4

1,649.0
1,595.8
53.2
3.2

1,651.2
1,597.8
53.4
3.2

1,652.6
1,599.7
52.9
3.2

1,655.2
1,602.5
52.7
3.2

1,656.6
1,603.5
53.1
3.2

1,658.4
1,604.3
54.1
3.3

1,653.7
1,608.0
45.7
2.8

1,652.8
1,605.2
47.6
2.9

1,757.7
1,651.5
106.3
6.0

1,755.3
1,650.0
105.4
6.0

1,745.7
1,645.0
100.7
5.8

1,747.2
1,645.2
102.1
5.8

1,750.8
1,647.2
103.6
5.9

1,757.1
1,655.6
101.5
5.8

1,753.5
1,651.8
101.7
5.8

1,746.6
1,647.4
99.3
5.7

1,767.1
1,670.8
96.2
5.4

1,788.3
1,695.6
92.7
5.2

1,800.7
1,710.6
90.2
5.0

1,802.2
1,717.5
84.8
4.7

1,813.8
1,725.1
88.7
4.9

5,957.9
5,692.1
265.8
4.5

5,965.7
5,698.2
267.5
4.5

5,966.9
5,704.1
262.8
4.4

5,970.1
5,707.6
262.5
4.4

5,976.6
5,710.9
265.7
4.4

5,976.2
5,712.4
263.8
4.4

5,979.8
5,712.0
267.7
4.5

5,973.0
5,711.8
261.2
4.4

5,973.8
5,716.3
257.5
4.3

5,971.3
5,717.9
253.4
4.2

5,969.1
5,719.6
249.5
4.2

5,994.2
5,755.0
239.2
4.0

5,984.8
5,737.1
247.7
4.1

498.5
476.9
21.5
4.3

500.6
480.3
20.2
4.0

503.2
483.1
20.1
4.0

503.2
481.8
21.4
4.2

504.0
482.4
21.5
4.3

505.7
484.2
21.4
4.2

506.4
485.1
21.3
4.2

505.1
484.5
20.6
4.1

505.8
485.6
20.2
4.0

507.1
487.3
19.8
3.9

507.1
487.8
19.3
3.8

504.9
485.6
19.2
3.8

501.7
482.9
18.8
3.8

1,954.4
1,868.1
86.3
4.4

1,948.6
1,862.9
85.7
4.4

1,953.2
1,864.9
88.3
4.5

1,954.5
1,865.2
89.3
4.6

1,951.6
1,864.7
86.9
4.5

1,954.5
1,868.9
85.6
4.4

1,960.0
1,872.5
87.5
4.5

1,965.5
1,875.5
90.1
4.6

1,974.1
1,883.1
91.0
4.6

1,980.8
1,890.8
90.0
4.5

1,989.8
1,902.5
87.4
4.4

1,986.0
1,900.3
85.7
4.3

1,983.5
1,902.5
81.0
4.1

New Jersey
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

. .

See footnotes at end of table.




128

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
2000

1999
State
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.P

South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

398.6
386.1
12.5
3.1

398.7
386.3
12.4
3.1

398.9
386.8
12.1
3.0

399.2
387.1
12.1
3.0

399.1
387.2
11.8
3.0

399.4
387.6
11.8
2.9

399.7
388.0
11.7
2.9

399.8
388.6
11.2
2.8

401.2
390.1
11.1
2.8

401.4
390.9
10.5
2.6

402.0
392.0
10.0
2.5

402.2
392.6
9.6
2.4

403.1
393.6
9.5
2.3

2,812.8
2,692.7
120.1
4.3

2,815.4
2,696.5
118.9
4.2

2,814.8
2,699.3
115.5
4.1

2,816.4
2,701.3
115.1
4.1

2,821.2
2,705.8
115.4
4.1

2,828.7
2,713.6
115.1
4.1

2,824.2
2,711.0
113.2
4.0

2,821.8
2,711.4
110.4
3.9

2,826.2
2,716.7
109.5
3.9

2,822.6
2,715.8
106.8
3.8

2,818.2
2,715.3
102.9
3.7

2,829.4
2,730.8
98.5
3.5

2,828.6
2,731.2
97.4
3.4

10,150.8
9,680.2
470.6
4.6

10,162.7
9,694.4
468.3
4.6

10,157.0
9,685.0
472.0
4.6

10,161.0
9,684.6
476.4
4.7

10,188.3
9,704.4
483.9
4.7

10,183.1
9,716.7
466.3
4.6

10,201.0
9,736.5
464.5
4.6

10,233.1
9,764.1
469.0
4.6

10,262.7
9,791.6
471.1
4.6

10,294.6
9,822.8
471.8
4.6

10,331.2
9,857.2
474.0
4.6

10,372.5
9,922.9
449.5
4.3

10,398.8
9,936.4
462.4
4.4

1,073.2
1,029.6
43.7
4.1

1,075.8
1,031.8
44.0
4.1

1,078.2
1,035.0
43.2
4.0

1,079.5
1,036.0
43.5
4.0

1,081.8
1,039.3
42.5
3.9

1,084.5
1,042.9
41.7
3.8

1,085.7
1,045.9
39.8
3.7

1,088.7
1,050.4
38.3
3.5

1,091.8
1,055.4
36.3
3.3

1,094.4
1,060.5
33.9
3.1

1,098.2
1,065.7
32.6
3.0

1,102.5
1,071.6
30.9
2.8

1,106.4
1,072.9
33.5
3.0

333.5
322.5
11.0
3.3

334.3
323.6
10.7
3.2

333.8
324.4
9.4
2.8

334.5
324.5
9.9
3.0

335.2
324.9
10.3
3.1

336.7
326.0
10.7
3.2

336.7
326.5
10.1
3.0

336.4
326.2
10.2
3.0

337.3
327.4
9.9
2.9

338.3
329.0
9.4
2.8

339.3
330.1
9.3
2.7

341.3
332.0
9.3
2.7

339.8
330.3
9.5
2.8

3,476.3
3,383.3
93.1
2.7

3,478.3
3,382.7
95.6
2.7

3,481.9
3,388.0
94.0
2.7

3,489.1
3,390.7
98.4
2.8

3,499.1
3,399.5
99.7
2,8

3,507.3
3,409.2
98.1
2.8

3,523.9
3,424.1
99.8
2.8

3,545.6
3,444.5
101.1
2.9

3,568.4
3,467.5
100.8
2.8

3,593.7
3,492.7
101.0
2.8

3,620.6
3,520.4
100.2
2.8

3,628.5
3,535.4
93.0
2.6

3,638.7
3,541.4
97.3
2.7

3,073.6
2,920.5
153.1
5.0

3,073.5
2,924.9
148.6
4.8

3,074.4
2,925.5
148.9
4.8

3,079.9
2,926.5
153.4
5.0

3,082.7
2,928.7
154.0
5.0

3,083.2
2,936.0
147.3
4.8

3,081.5
2,936.2
145.4
4.7

3,076.6
2,933.9
142.7
4.6

3,075.1
2,937.6
137.5
4.5

3,071.9
2,940.1
131.8
4.3

3,070.0
2,938.5
131.4
4.3

3,075.6
2,936.2
139.4
4.5

3,080.1
2,936.4
143.7
4.7

813.2
760.7
52.4
6.4

818.8
762.4
56.4
6.9

821.8
765.4
56.3
6.9

820.8
764.7
56.1
6.8

821.1
766.1
55.0
6.7

819.7
765.9
53.9
6.6

819.7
765.4
54.3
6.6

818.0
763.9
54.1
6.6

816.6
763.5
53.1
6.5

813.2
761.9
51.3
6.3

809.8
760.2
49.6
6.1

808.3
763.2
45.1
5.6

811.4
765.6
45.8
5.6

2,871.5
2,778.7
92.8
3.2

2,862.0
2,772.0
90.0
3.1

2,857.5
2,770.7
86.8
3.0

2,855.6
2,766.5
89.1
3.1

2,858.4
2,773.8
84.6
3.0

2,869.0
2,784.4
84.6
2.9

2,879.9
2,795.5
84.4
2.9

2,894.8
2,811.5
83.3
2.9

2,923.7
2,837.5
86.1
2.9

2,953.9
2,866.0
87.9
3.0

2,987.2
2,898.5
88.6
3.0

3,000.0
2,917.2
82.8
2.8

3,005.2
2,920.2
85.0
2.8

261.2
247.9
13.3
5.1

261.6
248.5
13.1
5.0

261.5
248.7
12.8
4.9

262.0
248.6
13.5
5.1

262.4
249.2
13.2
5.0

263.0
250.2
12.8
4.9

261.8
249.1
12.7
4.8

262.4
249.9
12.5
4.8

262.7
250.3
12.4
4.7

262.8
251.0
11.8
4.5

262.6
251.0
11.6
4.4

262.2
251.4
10.7
4.1

262.3
251.4
10.9
4.1

1,318.6
1,154.7
163.9
12.4

1,318.3
1,150.4
167.9
12.7

1,311.2
1,164.0
147.2
11.2

1,308.7
1,160.0
148.8
11.4

1,300.7
1,156.0
144.7
11.1

1,281.3
1,146.7
134.6
10.5

1,292.8
1,139.9
152.9
11.8

1,289.3
1,139.3
150.0
11.6

1,292.7
1,138.1
154.6
12.0

1,286.0
1,132.1
153.8
12.0

1,296.2
1,146.9
149.3
11.5

1,305.9
1,159.2
146.7
11.2

1,307.3
1,172.5
134.8
10.3

Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
i i»ah

uian

Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Puerto Rico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a
monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. All estimates are




provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information
becomes available.

129

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of labor force

Number
State and area
January

January

February

January

February

2000

1999

2000P

4.4
4.8
2.8
2.8
4.2
3.9
6.4
6.4
3.1
4.2
3.2
2.8

4.8
5.4
3.3
3.2
4.9
4.6
6.6
5.3
3.2
5.0
3.7
2.8

4.8
5.2
3.0
3.1
4.6
4.3
6.6
7.6
3.7
4.4
3.4
2.9

4.8
6.4
3.1
3.1
5.0
4.8
6.4
5.1
3.0
5.2
3.6
2.7

23.5
7.2

7.9
5.1

7.4
4.9

8.6
5.7

7.5
5.0

93.6
4.8
46.0
10.2
11.2

85.2
4.0
42.7
12.6
8.6

4.1
8.2
3.0
2.7
20.7

3.9
7.7
2.8
3.4
17.3

4.1
7.9
3.0
2.7
19.0

3.6
6.7
2.7
3.2
15.3

64.8
3.7
4.2
1.7
11.3
2.8

63.1
3.8
4.2
1.5
9.9
3.0

64.4
3.6
4.0
1.6
11.3
2.8

5.9
3.1
5.0
4.1
3.8
9.4

5.2
2.5
4.2
3.9
3.7
7.8

5.3
2.7
4.4
3.7
3.4
8.4

5.2
2.5
4.1
3.7
3.7
7.7

1,019.9
38.8
7.4
69.9
298.5
14.6
26.1
46.7
43.0
6.8
80.5
36.4
32.1
48.2
27.6
36.4
4.5
10.6
14.1
8.1
29.0
13.4
22.5
33.4
5.9
8.8

900.9
34.0
6.7
64.7
278.2
14.0
22.7
36.8
38.2
6.1
71.2
33.8
30.4
40.5
21.2
23.6
3.7
9.2
12.0
7.1
24.9
11.4
18.7
28.7
5.3
7.9

989.1
38.9
7.5
69.8
288.8
15.5
26.6
44.5
40.5
7.1
77.4
35.9
30.7
45.2
25.4
34.3
4.1
10.0
13.8
8.0
28.5
12.9
19.7
32.3
5.8
9.7

843.9
32.3
6.4
62.5
265.4
14.0
22.3
33.3
34.3
6.0
66.0
31.6
27.7
36.2
18.2
21.1
3.4
8.3
11.0
6.7
24.3
10.3
15.5
26.8
4.9
8.5

6.2
14.0
8.8
16.4
6.5
17.7
13.1
3.9
3.0
9.5
5.7
4.7
17.1
3.6
2.9
3.8
4.1
5.4
10.2
3.3
11.8
5.5
5.8
20.3
6.7
15.8

5.4
12.3
8.0
15.2
5.9
16.4
11.3
3.0
2.6
8.0
4.8
4.2
15.9
3.0
2.2
2.5
3.3
4.6
8.8
2.8
10.0
4.5
4.7
17.3
5.8
14.0

6.0
14.1
8.8
16.5
6.3
18.6
13.3
3.7
2.8
9.9
5.4
4.6
16.5
3.4
2.7
3.6
3.8
5.1
9.8
3.2
11.5
5.2
5.0
19.9
6.5
17.4

5.0
11.7
7.5
14.7
5.6
16.5
11.1
2.7
2.3
7.9
4.5
3.9
14.5
2.6
1.9
2.2
3.0
4.1
8.0
2.6
9.7
4.0
3.9
16.6
5.4
15.0

2,270.0
175.7
256.4
1,142.7
138.0
59.6
85.4
58.1

78.1
5.0
9.9
31.8
5.4
3.2
3.6
3.6

64.9
4.4
8.3
27.2
4.4
2.6
3.0
2.8

65.4
4.3
8.1
26.7
4.5
2.5
3.0
3.0

62.6
4.3
8.1
26.1
4.3
2.4
2.9
2.6

3.5
3.0
3.9
2.9
4.0
5.6
4.3
6.1

2.8
2.5
3.2
2.4
3.1
4.3
3.5
4.7

3.0
2.5
3.3
2.4
3.3
4.4
3.6
5.1

2.8
2.4
3.1
2.3
3.1
4.1
3.4
4.4

1,666.6
211.0
106.2
570.8
266.6
148.2
187.5
111.6

1,683.5
212.2
107.7
574.0
268.0
149.9
191.4
113.5

63.4
9.8
2.9
22.7
9.6
6.0
4.7
5.2

46.0
6.9
2.0
16.9
7.3
4.3
3.3
3.8

65.5
10.2
3.3
23.3
9.7
6.0
5.1
5.5

51.1
7.7
2.2
18.5
7.9
4.8
3.7
4.4

3.8
4.6
2.7
4.0
3.6
4.1
2.5
4.7

2.7
3.2
1.8
3.0
2.7
2.9
1.7
3.4

3.9
4.8
3.1
4.1
3.6
4.1
2.7
5.0

3.0
3.6
2.1
3.2
2.9
3.2
1.9
3.9

386.8
68.5
292.0

397.4
70.4
298.9

16.4
3.0
11.6

14.9
2.6
11.2

16.1
3.0
11.3

16.2
3.0
11.3

4.2
4.4
4.0

3.8
3.7
3.8

4.2
4.4
3.9

4.1
4.3
3.8

1999

2000

1999

2000P

2,108.1
54.3
48.0
462.0
72.2
64.5
65.5
49.0
169.5
264.1
160.4
82.3

2,173.5
54.7
49.5
479.2
74.9
68.7
67.6
49.5
174.4
270.5
166.8
84.6

2,117.6
54.5
48.5
463.8
72.3
64.9
66.2
49.4
169.6
265.1
160.8
83.4

2,184.5
55.3
50.2
482.9
75.2
68.9
67.8
49.6
175.3
272.9
167.6
85.8

92.6
2.6
1.3
12.8
3.1
2.5
4.2
3.2
5.2
11.1
5.1
2.3

104.5
3.0
1.7
15.3
3.7
3.1
4.5
2.6
5.6
13.4
6.1
2.4

100.9
2.8
1.5
14.2
3.4
2.8
4.4
3.8
6.2
11.6
5.5
2.4

104.2
3.5
1.6
15.0
3.8
3.3
4.3
2.5
5.2
14.2
6.1
2.3

310.0
141.8

313.2
144.0

311.5
140.6

314.0
143.4

24.5
7.2

23.3
7.0

26.8
8.0

Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Yuma

2,292.6
59.5
1,533.2
372.0
59.7

2,375.7
60.7
1,585.9
395.6
58.4

2,306.2
60.4
1,543.0
375.3
58.8

2,375.2
60.4
1,589.5
396.2
56.6

95.1
4.9
45.8
10.2
12.3

91.6
4.7
45.1
13.6
10.1

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Jonesboro
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,185.5
135.9
93.5
40.5
289.7
35.5

1,234.0
145.2
98.6
42.6
302.3
36.4

1,188.3
136.9
93.6
40.7
289.8
35.6

1,240.4
146.3
98.4
43.0
301.5
36.7

70.5
4.2
4.7
1.6
11.0
3.3

16,350.2
277.3
84.1
425.7
4,584.5
82.7
199.6
1,195.7
1,455.0
72.4
1,419.6
773.9
187.6
1,340.5
947.5
961.6
109.7
195.2
138.8
245.2
246.8
245.4
391.2
164.2
87.9
55.5

16,703.1
277.0
84.0
426.3
4,717.4
85.0
200.7
1,212.7
1,488.9
75.9
1,478.4
796.5
191.3
1,370.3
961.2
961.6
110.8
198.9
136.6
251.6
248.6
253.0
398.9
165.7
91.5
56.2

16,394.0
276.5
85.7
423.6
4,603.0
83.3
199.7
1,198.3
1,460.5
71.9
1,422.1
780.6
186.2
1,345.2
949.0
962.2
109.6
196.0
140.1
247.7
247.0
247.0
390.3
162.3
88.2
55.6

16,719.8
275.2
85.7
424.9
4,698.5
84.9
200.6
1,215.1
1,496.9
75.6
1,479.6
803.1
191.0
1,373.4
965.7
965.6
110.7
201.5
138.2
254.0
250.2
255.1
399.8
161.7
92.2
56.7

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Fort Collins-Loveland
Grand Junction
Greeley
Pueblo

2,209.6
169.9
251.5
1,112.3
135.0
57.2
84.1
59.0

2,277.9
175.2
256.9
1,144.6
139.7
60.2
85.8
58.7

2,202.5
171.7
250.3
1,109.4
134.8
56.9
83.8
58.8

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

1,666.2
210.8
106.5
568.2
265.8
148.5
189.3
112.2

1,681.4
211.9
108.0
569.7
267.7
149.9
192.9
114.1

386.2
68.8
291.5

394.6
70.2
296.5

Alabama
Anniston
Auburn-Opelika
Birmingham
Decatur
Dothan
Florence
Gadsden
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Chico-Paradise
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Merced
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Redding
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville
Yolo
YubaCity

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

1999

See footnotes at end of table.




February

130

2000

1999

2000P

1999

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian laDor torce

Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
January

February

January

February

1999

1999

2000

1999

2000P

16.4
63.8

7.4
2.9

6.1
2.4

7.3
2.9

5.9
2.4

272.2
6.2
30.9
4.3
7.2
2.6
2.2
15.1
7.8
8.4
60.4
2.5
3.6
22.8
4.5
6.0
1.6
5.6
3.8
32.0
23.6

264.6
5.3
29.5
4.5
7.1
3.4
2.2
17.1
7.8
7.3
55.1
2.4
3.7
22.1
5.0
7.2
1.3
5.7
3.8
33.7
21.4

4.3
3.8
4.6
2.9
7.2
4.0
2.5
3.2
4.6
4.8
6.7
3.2
4.4
3.1
9.1
4.2
3.9
2.6
3.1
3.1
5.3

4.0
3.2
4.2
2.8
6.5
4.4
2.3
3.4
4.5
4.0
5.8
3.0
4.2
2.8
9.4
4.5
3.6
2.4
2.8
3.1
4.6

3.8
3.3
4.1
2.4
5.9
3.5
2.2
2.9
4.0
4.2
5.9
2.7
3.8
2.7
7.0
3.5
3.4
2.1
2.6
2.7
4.7

3.5
2.7
3.8
2.4
5.6
4.2
2.1
3.1
3.9
3.5
5.3
2.5
3.7
2.5
7.7
4.1
2.8
2.0
2.6
2.7
4.1

133.5
3.2
1.4
57.8
9.6
5.9
5.3
4.3

171.7
5.4
2.0
70.3
10.7
6.9
7.4
5.9

142.1
3.2
1.6
63.2
9.5
6.2
5.8
4.5

3.8
7.8
2.4
3.0
4.9
5.2
4.5
4.0

3.3
5.8
2.0
2.6
4.7
4.7
3.5
3.2

4.2
9.1
2.7
3.3
5.2
5.4
4.8
4.3

3.4
5.8
2.2
2.8
4.6
4.8
3.8
3.4

36.5
23.1

29.3
18.5

35.0
22.1

27.6
17.5

6.2
5.4

4.9
4.3

5.9
5.2

4.6
4.1

655.5
232.7
41.4

42.9
10.2
2.4

37.1
9.1
2.4

44.8
10.2
2.6

38.1
8.6
2.4

6.7
4.5
6.0

5.7
3.9
5.8

6.9
4.5
6.4

5.8
3.7
5.7

6,262.2
90.1
96.9
4,178.6
186.7
59.2
51.7
182.8
196.9
106.3

6.361.2
93.6
98.1
4,245.5
188.6
59.4
52.0
186.2
199.2
107.3

303.2
2.4
2.9
184.7
10.7
3.0
3.7
8.3
10.1
4.7

297.1
2.6
2.5
185.3
10.8
3.1
3.2
8.4
10.4
4.4

285.7
2.1
2.8
177.7
9.7
2.7
3.4
7.6
4.2

298.7
2.8
2.6
186.2
9.7
3.1
3.1
8.3
10.3
4.4

4.9
2.6
3.1
4.4
5.7
5.0
7.1
4.5
5.1
4.4

4.7
2.8
2.7
4.4
5.7
5.2
6.1
4.5
5.2
4.1

4.6
2.4
2.8
4.3
5.2
4.6
6.5
4.2
5.0
3.9

4.7
3.0
2.7
4.4
5.2
5.3
5.9
4.5
5.2
4.1

3,062.2
61.5
97.6
156.5
260.4
296.2
833.5
50.8
90.9
60.3
132.8
69.3

3,028.8
61.2
93.5
154.4
260.6
294.2
818.4
49.3
90.1
61.7
134.3
69.3

3,078.1
62.3
97.6
156.8
260.0
297.7
837.0
51.1
92.4
60.7
132.9
69.8

111.0
2.0
2.4
6.0
8.9
13.1
23.1
1.6
2.4
2.7
4.4
4.0

105.0
1.4
2.6
5.4
7.9
13.1
21.9
1.3
2.2
2.3
4.9
3.5

105.6
1.7
2.1
5.8
8.9
13.1
22.2
1.6
2.3
2.7
4.4
3.7

110.8
1.6
2.2
5.6
8.3
14.2
23.3
1.5
2.6
2.5
5.0
3.7

3.7
3.3
2.6
3.9
3.4
4.5
2.8
3.3
2.7
4.5
3.3
5.7

3.4
2.3
2.6
3.4
3.0
4.4
2.6
2.6
2.5
3.8
3.7
5.1

3.5
2.8
2.3
3.7
3.4
4.5
2.7
3.3
2.6
4.3
3.3
5.3

3.6
2.6
2.3
3.6
3.2
4.8
2.8
3.0
2.8
4.1
3.8
5.3

1,569.3
113.8
254.5
48.2
68.8
64.5
67.2

1,554.7
112.1
253.9
48.4
66.4
63.5
67.1

1,572.5
114.1
254.7
48.2
68.4
64.4
67.6

60.1
2.9
6.4
2.1
1.6
2.2
5.5

48.3
2.5
5.9
1.7
1.4
1.9
2.4

52.4
2.6
5.8
2.0
1.5
2.1
2.8

43.4
2.3
5.3
1.4
1.3
1.7
2.1

3.9
2.6
2.5
4.4
2.4
3.5
8.1

3.1
2.2
2.3
3.4
2.0
2.9

3.4
2.3
2.3
4.0
2.3
3.4
4.2

2.8
2.0
2.1
2.8
1.8
2.6
3.2

1999

2000

1999

2000

1999

2000P

District of Columbia
Washington

271.9
2,539.7

275.2
2,650.9

276.2
2,547.9

278.6
2,659.5

20.2
72.8

16.8
63.5

20.3
74.0

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Naples
Ocala
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Punta Gorda
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

7,162.3
187.2
753.1
175.7
121.9
75.3
102.2
521.0
196.5
201.8
1,026.6
92.0
96.2
843.4
63.6
166.7
46.4
262.3
144.3
1,162.2
497.0

7,427.4
192.7
774.2
182.3
127.8
79.5
105.6
541.2
201.9
207.8
1,040.4
97.1
99.0
894.5
65.8
174.5
47.7
279.5
149.3
1,220.3
514.9

7,194.9
189.5
755.9
177.2
121.7
75.7
103.2
524.9
196.8
202.1
1,023.6
92.4
96.0
850.4
63.8
167.9
46.4
265.4
145.7
1,172.5
498.7

7,455.4
193.4
777.1
183.3
127.7
80.1
106.3
544.3
202.4
208.6
1,044.1
97.5
99.5
898.7
65.0
175.3
47.7
280.5
150.3
1,226.1
516.5

311.5
7.1
34.7
5.0
8.8
3.0
2.5
16.6
9.0
9.7
69.1
2.9
4.2
25.9
5.8
7.0
1.8
6.7
4.4
36.2
26.1

297.6
6.2
32.8
5.1
8.4
3.5
2.4
18.5
9.0
8.2
60.6
2.9
4.1
25.1
6.2
7.9
1.7
6.7
4.1
38.1
23.8

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

4,004.5
57.9
73.2
2,142.5
204.3
126.7
152.9
134.9

4,067.8
55.6
72.3
2,210.2
205.8
126.7
150.5
133.0

4,041.5
58.9
74.3
2,161.5
205.5
127.4
153.5
135.9

4,119.4
55.9
73.1
2,243.5
207.8
128.2
152.1
134.7

154.1
4.5
1.8
63.7
9.9
6.6
6.9
5.4

Hawaii
Honolulu

592.9
424.3

602.3
427.2

589.9
423.1

599.2
426.6

Idaho
Boise City
Pocatello

645.0
225.7
39.8

654.7
231.8
41.5

645.5
226.0
40.6

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

6,237.7
89.5
92.5
4,160.8
186.9
58.9
51.8
182.0
196.7
106.1

6,344.9
92.4
93.7
4,232.8
189.3
59.5
52.0
187.2
199.8
107.6

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

3,014.1
60.2
92.9
153.8
260.3
294.2
814.1
48.9
88.4
60.5
134.1
69.7

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,559.8
112.2
254.2
48.3
67.0
63.6
68.6

See footnotes at end of table.




February

January

131

9.8

2000P

3.6

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
January

January

February

1999

January

February

2000

February

1999

2000

1999

2000P

51.1
2.2
3.4
11.7

3.6
3.8
4.2
3.3

3.6
3.6
4.0
4.1

3.3
3.5
3.5
3.1

3.6
3.8
3.8
4.0

101.4
6.1
18.5
2.5

90.8
5.8
19.5
2.6

5.4
2.4
3.5
5.6

4.4
2.0
3.3
4.9

5.3
2.4
3.4
5.1

4.6
2.2
3.5
5.1

111.4
3.1
13.2
4.0
10.1
4.9
2.8
29.3
9.4

114.5
3.0
12.5
4.6
11.0
4.6
3.2
27.7
10.1

93.9
2.7
11.2
3.8
8.4
4.0
2.5
24.1
8.1

6.6
6.1
5.0
5.5
7.0
6.4
5.7
5.2
6.5

5.5
5.1
4.4
4.5
5.8
5.3
4.0
4.8
5.1

5.6
5.0
4.2
5.0
6.3
5.0
4.5
4.5
5.5

4.7
4.4
3.7
4.2
4.9
4.3
3.5
4.0
4.4

34.4
1.8
2.6
3.3

31.5
1.7
2.1
3.3

35.2
1.9
2.6
3.4

31.2
1.7
2.2
3.2

5.3
3.7
5.0
2.5

4.6
3.3
3.9
2.4

5.4
3.7
5.0
2.6

4.6
3.2
4.0
2.3

2,791.1
1,306.3
45.1
68.9

114.9
58.3
4.9
3.4

97.1
49.8
3.8
2.3

117.9
59.9
4.2
3.6

97.5
49.4
3.7
2.5

4.2
4.6
10.8
5.1

3.5
3.8
8.5
3.3

4.4
4.7
9.5
5.3

3.5
3.8
8.2
3.6

3,230.8
67.5
1,797.8
131.3
67.3
199.2
167.1
79.9
38.8
279.7
251.0

3,269.8
70.1
1,820.8
133.4
67.0
204.9
169.8
80.9
39.0
284.0
251.6

126.8
4.6
55.3
5.4
3.3
10.1
6.5
6.7
2.1
12.9
9.5

121.3
4.3
54.5
5.2
3.0
9.3
6.2
6.2
1.9
11.9
9.0

112.1
3.9
49.1
4.8
2.9
9.2
5.7
5.9
2.0
11.2
8.5

112.1
3.9
49.6
4.9
2.9
8.6
5.6
5.9
1.8
11.0
8.5

3.9
6.7
3.1
4.1
4.9
5.1
3.9
8.4
5.3
4.7
3.8

3.7
6.1
3.0
3.9
4.4
4.5
3.6
7.5
4.9
4.2
3.6

3.5
5.8
2.7
3.7
4.4
4.6
3.4
7.4
5.0
4.0
3.4

3.4
5.6
2.7
3.7
4.3
4.2
3.3
7.3
4.7
3.9
3.4

5,035.9
303.3
83.3
2,261.2
190.3
603.7
76.7
233.1
239.3
199.8

5,084.3
308.4
83.2
2,276.0
200.0
604.1
77.2
236.7
248.0
200.6

5,026.6
306.0
82.8
2,252.5
188.7
602.6
76.8
232.9
245.3
197.6

241.0
9.2
4.3
95.0
12.1
23.1
3.4
9.7
7.9
10.9

202.1
7.0
3.5
76.0
10.4
20.5
2.8
9.2
7.0
9.3

238.8
8.7
4.0
95.5
11.5
22.7
3.4
9.7
7.8
10.8

171.0
5.9
2.9
64.8
8.9
17.2
2.4
7.6
5.9
7.8

4.8
3.0
5.2
4.2
6.0
3.8
4.5
4.1
3.3
5.5

4.0
2.3
4.2
3.4
5.5
3.4
3.6
3.9
2.9
4.7

4.7
2.8
4.8
4.2
5.7
3.8
4.4
4.1
3.1
5.4

3.4
1.9
3.5
2.9
4.7
2.8
3.2
3.3
2.4
4.0

2,641.7
121.3
1,654.6
70.5
95.1

2,707.3
124.5
1,712.6
73.1
97.4

2,635.8
120.6
1,653.3
69.7
95.5

2,706.4
124.1
1,707.1
73.2
98.5

96.0
6.4
42.1
1.6
4.3

89.0
5.6
39.2
1.8
3.7

88.3
6.0
38.9
1.5
3.8

82.9
5.3
37.0
1.8
3.4

3.6
5.2
2.5
2.3
4.6

3.3
4.5
2.3
2.5
3.8

3.3
5.0
2.4
2.2
4.0

3.1
4.3
2.2
2.5
3.4

Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula
Hattiesburg
Jackson

1,246.9
165.8
50.0
218.4

1,295.6
176.1
51.5
227.8

1,246.2
167.5
50.3
219.7

1,308.3
179.1
51.8
231.0

72.0
6.1
1.7
7.8

73.7
8.1
2.1
7.8

60.2
5.0
1.3
6.5

71.5
9.1
1.6
7.7

5.8
3.7
3.3
3.6

5.7
4.6
4.1
3.4

4.8
3.0
2.7
3.0

5.5
5.1
3.2
3.4

Missouri
Columbia
Joplin
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

2,779.9
79.2
80.3
965.5
48.4
1,294.0
160.9

2,883.1
80.8
83.8
1,000.2
51.6
1,332.2
170.7

2,785.5
81.1
80.6
965.9
48.8
1,297.3
162.2

2,886.1
82.2
83.0
999.0
51.8
1,334.7
171.4

113.3
1.2
2.5
31.1
2.0
53.0
4.8

81.7
0.8
2.0
26.5
1.5
40.2
3.3

108.7
1.1
2.5
32.7
2.0
49.7
4.3

83.9
0.8
2.0
27.8
1.6
41.1
3.4

4.1
1.5
3.2
3.2
4.2
4.1
3.0

2.8
1.0
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
1.9

3.9
1.3
3.1
3.4
4.2
3.8
2.7

2.9
1.0
2.4
2.8
3.0
3.1
2.0

464.9
71.3
37.6
50.4

471.9
72.5
37.1
53.8

468.3
71.7
37.6
50.6

474.3
73.6
37.5
54.9

30.9
3.2
2.5
2.6

28.3
3.4
2.2
2.4

31.7
3.2
2.6
2.5

28.5
3.3
2.3
2.4

6.6
4.4
6.7
5.2

6.0
4.7
5.8
4.4

6.8
4.4
7.0
5.0

6.0
4.5
6.1
4.3

1999

1999

2000

1999

2000P

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,412.6
54.1
89.6
287.0

1,438.8
55.6
90.1
293.3

1,412.9
55.0
89.7
286.9

1,438.1
56.3
89.8
291.9

51.6
2.1
3.7
9.6

52.3
2.0
3.6
12.2

46.7
1.9
3.2
9.0

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,922.2
252.8
544.9
49.2

1,949.1
259.4
559.7
50.4

1,924.5
255.6
545.4
48.9

1,954.9
261.9
559.7
50.5

104.6
6.0
19.0
2.7

85.2
5.2
18.3
2.4

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

2,032.0
60.4
295.0
92.3
174.4
90.8
69.9
611.5
183.0

2,017.5
61.3
303.0
89.4
172.8
91.3
70.9
605.9
182.5

2,027.1
60.3
298.5
91.8
174.5
91.4
70.1
612.0
182.2

2,009.6
61.0
305.1
89.5
172.0
91.2
71.2
603.0
182.2

134.8
3.7
14.8
5.1
12.2
5.8
4.0
31.7
11.9

646.5
50.0
52.1
130.9

678.6
51.8
54.8
140.3

649.5
50.8
52.1
130.6

682.9
53.4
54.7
139.7

Maryland
Baltimore
Cumberland
Hagerstown

2,706.1
1,274.0
44.8
66.8

2,797.5
1,310.9
45.2
69.2

2,709.2
1,274.8
44.3
67.1

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,240.2
68.5
1,802.7
131.2
67.9
200.6
167.8
80.7
38.9
278.1
251.3

3,274.3
71.1
1,822.6
133.4
67.5
205.9
170.4
81.9
39.3
281.8
251.2

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

5,048.5
303.4
82.9
2.265.0
200.6
599.8
76.9
234.5
239.9
200.5

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Maine
Bangor
Lewiston- Auburn
Portland

Montana
Billings
Great Falls
Missoula

See footnotes at end of table.




132

2000P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian laDor torce

Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
January
1999

2000

January

February
1999

2000P

1999

February

2000

1999

January

2000P

February

1999

2000

1999

2000P

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

895.0
139.4
379.8

927.0
147.7
396.2

891.8
139.5
378.8

931.8
148.3
396.6

33.2
4.1
12.5

28.2
3.9
11.0

29.7
3.7
11.0

28.1
3.9
10.7

3.7
2.9
3.3

3.0
2.6
2.8

3.3
2.6
2.9

3.0
2.7
2.7

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

914.8
704.2
170.3

951.5
741.5
173.4

922.1
709.3
171.7

960.5
746.0
176.4

42.2
30.1
8.3

42.5
32.4
6.4

40.1
27.6
8.5

36.0
27.6
5.6

4.6
4.3
4.9

4.5
4.4
3.7

4.4
3.9
4.9

3.8
3.7
3.2

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

650.6
103.8
104.6
119.8

675.4
108.3
106.0
125.9

652.8
103.8
104.0
120.8

677.1
109.0
105.1
127.1

23.1
3.2
3.6
4.0

20.7
2.9
3.2
3.2

22.9
3.3
3.6
3.5

20.2
3.0
3.1
3.1

3.5
3.1
3.5
3.3

3.1
2.7
3.0
2.6

3.5
3.2
3.5
2.9

3.0
2.7
3.0
2.5

4,127.7
167.0
670.6
280.8
628.4
502.6
1,012.2
165.4
64.7

4,183.6
165.7
676.3
279.2
644.0
507.8
1,029.0
166.8
64.0

4,142.7
166.2
674.0
281.2
633.9
504.6
1,013.2
166.0
64.3

4,200.3
165.0
678.4
280.8
648.2
509.6
1,033.4
167.1
63.4

209.7
18.5
32.7
21.4
21.1
25.3
48.3
7.5
6.6

185.7
15.9
28.8
17.9
19.6
22.7
42.4
6.2
5.6

198.2
16.9
31.1
20.2
20.4
23.8
46.1
7.1
6.0

181.3
15.0
28.2
16.9
19.1
22.8
41.5
5.8
5.5

5.1
11.1
4.9
7.6
3.4
5.0
4.8
4.6
10.2

4.4
9.6
4.3
6.4
3.0
4.5
4.1
3.7
8.7

4.8
10.2
4.6
7.2
3.2
4.7
4.6
4.3
9.4

4.3
9.1
4.2
6.0
2.9
4.5
4.0
3.5
8.6

801.8
351.1
66.7
71.1

826.3
365.0
69.7
74.3

799.9
350.9
66.7
71.4

828.8
367.2
69.5
74.7

49.3
14.9
5.5
2.1

48.0
13.4
6.0
2.1

44.5
13.0
5.3
1.8

43.6
12.4
5.2
1.9

6.1
4.2
8.2
2.9

5.8
3.7
8.5
2.8

5.6
3.7
8.0
2.5

5.3
3.4
7.4
2.5

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,815.6
445.9
123.5
564.6
117.2
44.5
58.0
64.9
1,383.8
4,102.1
3,462.4
174.3
565.5
358.5
141.4

8,909.4
454.7
126.0
569.5
121.5
45.4
58.6
66.3
1,420.6
4,084.3
3,430.6
177.1
578.0
366.6
145.6

8,833.3
447.1
124.0
565.6
118.1
44.8
57.7
65.4
1,380.1
4,104.8
3,466.2
174.5
567.5
359.1
141.2

8,929.4
456.3
126.6
568.2
122.3
44.9
58.6
66.8
1,415.7
4,100.7
3,447.7
176.6
578.3
366.7
144.4

528.2
18.9
6.4
36.5
4.7
2.1
4.1
4.6
46.3
292.4
270.6
6.9
27,0
17.9
8.0

489.6
20.5
6.2
34.7
4.5
2.5
3.6
4.0
49.6
248.1
226.1
6.2
29.0
19.7
7.7

526.7
19.2
6.3
36.1
4.8
2.6
4.3
4.3
48.5
285.1
261.8
7.1
28.9
18.0
8.0

475.3
20.2
6.0
33.9
4.8
2.4
3.8
4.1
49.4
235.5
213.2
6.6
29.0
19.6
7.7

6.0
4.2
5.2
6.5
4.0
4.8
7.1
7.1
3.3
7.1
7.8
3.9
4.8
5.0
5.6

5.5
4.5
4.9
6.1
3.7
5.4
6.2
6.1
3.5
6.1
6.6
3.5
5.0
5.4
5.3

6.0
4.3
5.1
6.4
4.1
5.7
7.5
6.5
3.5
6.9
7.6
4.1
5.1
5.0
5.7

5.3
4.4
4.8
6.0
3.9
5.3
6.5
6.1
3.5
5.7
6.2
3.7
5.0
5.4
5.3

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Greenville
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington

3,777.1
107.6
752.5
114.7
47.1
626.1
64.5
169.0
45.8
611.0
66.0
107.4

3,855.6
108.4
775.9
115.1
47.3
645.5
66.4
171.8
46.1
633.6
65.6
109.2

3,798.2
108.7
760.8
114.9
47.1
631.6
64.4
168.6
45.9
619.5
65.4
108.2

3,886.7
109.7
778.9
116.7
48.0
649.1
66.0
172.8
46.5
642.9
66.6
110.0

138.4
3.3
19.4
5.0
2.1
15.8
2.6
4.3
1.8
10.5
4.7
4.8

143.0
3.1
22.2
4.8
2.0
18.3
3.1
3.7
1.8
11.2
4.2
5.1

135.0
3.2
19.5
4.6
2.1
16.0
2.8
4.3
1.7
10.4
4.2
4.5

147.0
3.4
23.0
5.2
1.9
19.5
3.0
3.7
1.7
11.8
4.4
4.8

3.7
3.1
2.6
4.3
4.5
2.5
4.0
2.5
4.0
1.7
7.1
4.4

3.7
2.8
2.9
4.2
4.2
2.8
4.6
2.1
3.8
1.8
6.3
4.6

3.6
3.0
2.6
4.0
4.5
2.5
4.4
2.6
3.8
1.7
6.5
4.1

3.8
3.1
2.9
4.5
4.0
3.0
4.6
2.2
3.6
1.8
6.6
4.3

329.0
51.3
99.6
51.1

329.8
52.7
101.4
51.4

328.9
51.9
99.8
51.4

332.8
53.0
101.8
52.0

14.6
2.2
2.7
1.9

12.7
1.7
2.8
2.0

13.6
1.9
2.6
1.9

11.9
1.7
2.2
1.9

4.4
4.3
2.7
3.8

3.9
3.3
2.7
3.8

4.1
3.7
2.6
3.6

3.6
3.2
2.2
3.6

5,574.7
351.1
196.4
821.5
1,088.6
804.9
459.1
178.4
74.2
80.9
56.7
311.2
274.2

5,773.5
366.2
205.0
850.0
1,127.3
830.9
471.6
185.5
76.9
84.8
55.1
322.6
281.2

5,596.7
354.4
197.0
822.7
1,090.7
807.8
463.7
180.7
73.9
81.7
56.3
312.6
273.3

5,792.6
370.7
206.7
854.5
1,124.5
833.1
476.4
188.4
76.9
85.0
55.1
323.7
282.5

279.8
17.5
10.6
32 4
55.5
24.1
19.1
6.8
4.3
5.0
5.2
16.5
18.3

273.9
17.3
10.1
30.2
61.5
23.4
18.8
6.0
3.4
5.6
2.8
14.4
16.7

268.1
16.8
10.0
29.6
54.4
23.4
18.6
6.4
3.9
4.8
4.8
16.2
16.9

279.8
17.9
10.9
31.9
57.0
24.9
20.0
6.4
3.6
5.7
28
15.4
17.4

5.0
5.0
5.4
3.9
5.1
3.0
4.2
3.8
5.9
6.1
9.1
5.3
6.7

4.7
4.7
4.9
3.6
5.5
2.8
4.0
3.2
4.4
6.7
5.2
4.5
5.9

4.8
4.7
5.1
3.6
5.0
2.9
4.0
3.5
5.2
5.9
8.6
5.2
6.2

4.8
4.8
5.2
3.7
5.1
3.0
4.2
3.4
4.7
6.7
5.1
4.8
6.1

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

;.

See footnotes at end of table.




133

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian laDor rorce

Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
January

January

February

1999

February

2000

1999

2000

1999

2000P

55.0
0.9
1.6
13.8
13.3

4.5
3.7
4.6
3.2
4.1

3.3
3.1
3.7
2.4
3.1

4.3
3.8
4.3
3.2
3.9

3.4
3.4
3.8
2.5
3.2

123.5
1.6
10.8
8.0
53.2
12.4

105.9
1.1
10.5
6.4
46.4
11.1

7.0
3.8
6.5
8.7
5.1
7.6

5.7
2.6
6.1
6.8
4.0
6.4

7.1
3.9
6.6
9.2
5.1
7.5

5.9
2.7
6.3
7.0
4.3
6.5

269.1
13.1
3.2
7.8
10.4
6.8
6.6
102.0
52.9
6.8
18.9
3.2
1.9
2.9
6.8

295.7
14.9
3.4
8.0
11.8
7.5
7.4
105.2
58.6
8.4
20.4
2.7
2.2
3.6
7.5

277.1
13.6
3.3
7.8
10.9
7.5
6.7
104.3
53.6
7.7
18.4
3.2
2.0
3.4
7.1

5.1
5.0
5.4
5.7
3.4
7.3
3.1
4.2
5.4
4.6
7.2
4.9
3.4
6.4
4.0

4.6
4.2
5.0
5.6
3.0
6.6
2.8
4.0
4.6
3.7
6.3
5.6
2.9
5.1
3.6

5.0
4.8
5.5
5.7
3.4
7.3
3.1
4.2
5.1
4.6
6.7
4.8
3.3
6.4
3.9

4.7
4.4
5.2
5.6
3.2
7.3
2.8
4.1
4.7
4.3
6.1
5.5
2.9
6.0
3.7

27.7
32.6

23.7
28.7

27.3
31.4

24.5
29.2

5.6
5.7

4.7
5.0

5.5
5.5

4.9
5.1

1,962.0
273.8
283.9
63.5
487.6
103.0
47.1

90.7
8.8
6.2
3.3
16.8
7.5
2.4

91.3
9.7
7.7
3.5
15.6
7.4
2.6

91.4
9.0
6.5
3.3
16.6
6.2
2.7

86.0
9.2
7.3
3.3
15.8
5.9
2.5

4.7
3.4
2.2
5.3
3.5
7.8
5.1

4.7
3.6
2.8
5.5
3.2
7.1
5.5

4.7
3.4
2.3
5.3
3.4
6.3
5.8

4.4
3.4
2.6
5.2
3.2
5.8
5.3

388.3
45.3
99.3

392.8
46.6
102.5

15.5
1.6
2.3

12.7
1.3
2.0

14.6
1.4
2.2

11.5
1.3
1.9

4.0
3.6
2.3

3.2
2.8
1.9

3.8
3.2

2.2

2.9
2.7
1.9

2,782.6
224.6
84.8
58.1
223.6
346.9
557.4
655.7

2,774.0
224.8
84.2
56.8
224.5
347.4
548.6
649.1

2.789.8
225.2
85.5
58.5
225.5
346.8
561.5
659.8

135.2
8.6
3.1
2.3
11.5
16.4
20.5
18.7

114.9
6.8
2.6
2.0
9.3
13.2
20.2
17.8

126.9
8.4
3.0
2.1
10.9
15.6
19.4
17.7

104.0
6.3
2.8
1.8
9.3
12.5
18.3
16.1

4.9
3.9
3.7
4.0
5.1
4.8
3.8
2.9

4.1
3.0
3.1
3.4
4.2
3.8
3.6
2.7

4.6
3.7
3.5
3.7
4.9
4.5
3.5
2.7

3.7
2.8
3.3
3.2
4.1
3.6
3.3
2.4

10,279.4
59.9
113.4
721.8
180.1
104.6
129.5
74.4
174.8
1,932.7
287.5
903.3
121.3
2,165.3
115.5
73.6
103.1
123.9
205.3
118.9
49.6
777.4
51.0
56.4

10,048.7
59.1
110.9
690.5
181.1
102.8
126.5
75.7
173.4
1,872.2
285.4
877.2
121.4
2,114.0
113.7
72.2
102.9
120.4
198.1
123.2
49.7
750.7
49.8
55.2

10.295.1
60.2
113.8
726.6
177.6
104.3
128.9
77.3
174.5
1,939.8
287.3
906.7
121.1
2,169.4
115.6
73.1
102.3
124.9
203.5
118.2
49.6
779.1
51.0
56.5

508.3
2.4
3.6
18.1
13.8
6.7
17.5
1.3
11.6
59.6
30.3
29.3
8.1
90.8
4.4
7.4
8.0
3.5
39.3
11.4
2.6
24.7
2.8
3.7

485.5
2.3
4.4
16.2
15.4
7.6
13.6
1.3
11.5
61.8
25.8
29.7
7.4
99.3
4.1
6.3
7.1
3.3
33.7
8.2
1.8
27.7
2.1
3.1

476.9
2.4
3.3
16.1
13.5
6.4
15.7
1.3
10.8
56.2
28.3
27.2
7.3
86.9
4.0
7.3
7.3
3.4
34.9
11.7
2.3
22.3
2.5
3.3

468.0
2.2
4.3
15.2
14.3
7.1
13.2
1.2
11.6
61.2
25.0
28.9
7.1
95.9
4.0
5.9
6.5
3.2
31.3
7.8
1.7
27.2
2.0
3.1

5.1
4.1
3.3
2.6
7.6
6.5
13.6
1.8
6.6
3.2
10.5
3.3
6.7
4.3
3.9
10.2
7.7
2.9
19.5
9.2
5.2
3.3
5.6
6.6

4.7
3.9
3.9
2.2
8.6
7.3
10.5
1.8
6.6
3.2
9.0
3.3
6.1
4.6
3.6
8.6
6.9
2.6
16.4
6.9
3.7
3.6
4.1
5.5

4.7
4.0
3.0
2.3
7.5
6.2

4.5
3.7
3.8
2.1
8.1
6.8
10.2
1.6
6.6
3.2
8.7
3.2
5.8
4.4
3.5
8.1
6.4
2.6
15.4
6.6
3.4
3.5
3.9
5.5

2000

1999

2000P

1,613.8
27.7
40.2
533.3
410.1

1,631.6
26.9
41.0
548.9
413.5

1,626.0
27.2
40.6
538.6
410.7

1,639.4
26.8
41.1
551.5
415.1

72.9
1.0
1.8
17.3
16.8

54.1
0.8
1.5
13.3
12.8

70.5
1.0
1.8
17.1
16.0

Oregon
Corvallis
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,732.5
40.8
161.7
86.7
1,034.0
163.8

1,780.9
39.6
166.2
90.4
1,068.0
167.0

1,740.1
41.0
162.2
87.4
1,035.6
166.2

1,796.8
40.4
167.1
91.2
1,075.4
170.3

120.9
1.6
10.6
7.5
52.8
12.4

101.0
1.0
10.2
6.2
43.2
10.6

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,865.1
307.1
61.7
138.5
343.2
101.9
236.4
2,474.1
1,135.1
179.7
302.9
55.8
62.6
56.2
191.0

5,911.0
309.2
63.2
140.8
342.2
102.3
240.0
2,523.4
1.139.7
181.6
301.4
57.2
64.9
56.4
190.5

5,892.6
310.0
62.1
139.5
344.0
102.1
238.3
2,483.9
1,139.5
180.3
302.7
56.8
65.4
56.6
192.6

5.919.6
310.2
63.1
140.0
342.4
102.7
239.9
2,526.6
1,141.4
181.4
301.7
57.7
67.2
56.6
191.2

300.0
15.3
3.3
7.8
11.6
7.5
7.4
104.9
61.3
8.2
21.9
2.8
2.2
3.6
7.6

494.2
569.5

500.6
574.7

496.7
571.3

499.7
573.8

1,917.3
260.3
274.8
62.3
486.4
96.7
46.7

1,947.0
269.6
279.4
63.4
482.7
104.2
46.9

1,933.0
263.6
278.7
62.5
488.0
98.2
46.9

388.8
45.4
99.6

392.4
46.7
102.8

2,757.2
222.5
83.5
57.0
223.1
345.3
542.5
644.4
10,059.0
59.3
111.3
686.9
180.8
103.4
129.0
71.8
174.8
1,872.0
287.2
874.8
121.1
2,114.6
113.9
72.9
103.9
119.7
202.1
124.3
50.1
750.9
50.1
55.3

Tulsa

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Florence
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
Myrtle Beach
Sumter
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana

See footnotes at end of table.




2000P

February

1999

1999

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City

January

134

12.4
1.7
6.2
3.0
9.9
3.1
6.0
4.1
3.5

10.1
7.1
2.9

17.6
9.5
4.7
3.0
5.1
5.9

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
January

1999
Texas—Continued
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

2000

January

February
1999

1999

2000P

January

February

2000

1999

2000P

February

1999

2000

1999

2000P

89.0
42.0
99.7
64.8

90.3
43.1
102.1
63.9

88.0
41.9
99.8
64.4

89.7
43.1
102.2
63.7

4.3
1.9
3.7
3.7

3.6
1.6
3.3
3.2

39
1.8
3.4
3.5

3.2
1.5
3.2
3.1

4.8
4.4
3.7
5.7

3.9
3.6
3.3
5.1

4.4
4.3
3.4
5.5

3.6
3.6
3.2
4.8

1,062.1
159.8
679.9

1,092.7
166.2
700.5

1,059.8
159.7
679.2

1,091.2
165.8
699.6

45.4
5.9
26.4

31.8
3.9
18.9

46.4
6.2
27.2

35.6
4.5
21.1

4.3
3.7
3.9

2.9
2.3
2.7

4.4
3.9
4.0

3.3
2.7
3.0

327.7
98.8

335.8
102.3

332.8
100.3

338.6
103.5

13.9
2.7

11.9
2.3

14.5
2.9

12.6
2.3

4.2
2.7

3.6
2.3

4.4
2.9

3.7
2.3

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,433.1
72.4
55.9
102.5
715.5
499.9
124.9

3,581.9
76.0
57.8
106.6
741.5
520.5
127.9

3,439.2
73.8
55.6
102.3
718.9
501.7
124.4

3,598.2
77.7
57.5
107.7
743.9
524.1
128.5

99.6
1.1
2.9
2.8
24.3
12.0
2.6

99.5
1.3
3.0
1.9
23.5
10.2
2.3

95.2
0.8
2.8
2.2
23.8
11.4
2.3

99.3
1.1
2.8
2.2
23.1
10.8
2.3

2.9
1.5
5.1
2.7
3.4
2.4
2.1

2.8
1.7
5.1
1.7
3.2
2.0
1.8

2.8
1.1
5.1
2.2
3.3
2.3
1.9

2.8
1.4
4.9
2.0
3.1
2.1
1.8

Washington
Bellingham
Bremerton
Olympia
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima

3,059.6
81.3
93.9
101.4
91.2
1,409.0
212.8
335.3
106.4

3,066.6
81.6
95.5
103.6
90.8
1,411.3
211.4
341.1
103.9

3,059.3
81.4
93.1
101.6
91.7
1,405.1
211.8
334.9
107.8

3,066.0
81.3
95.1
103.9
91.5
1,410.2
212.0
337.3
105.4

171.7
5.3
5.0
5.4
8.3
48.5
14.1
16.3
15.7

160.5
4.7
5.1
4.8
7.5
49.2
12.8
16.2
13.3

175.6
5.8
5.1
5.4
7.9
50.9
14.3
17.2
15.1

166.2
4.5
5.3
5.0
7.3
51.1
13.7
17.1
13.8

5.6
6.5
5.3
5.3
9.1
3.4
6.6
4.9
14.7

5.2
5.7
5.3
4.7
8.3
3.5
6.1
4.7
12.8

5.7
7.1
5.5
5.4
8.6
3.6
6.8
5.1
14.0

5.4
5.6
5.6
4.8
8.0
3.6
6.5
5.1
13.1

801.8
131.7
137.5
74.8
72.3

798.6
131.7
137.3
75.8
72.2

801.5
132.0
137.8
75.6
72.1

799.7
131.8
137.6
75.1
72.2

63.0
7.0
11.1
5.5
4.9

53.7
6.7
8.9
4.2
4.3

59.9
6.9
10.8
5.2
4.6

53.0
6.3
8.0
4.3
4.1

7.9
5.3
8.1
7.3
6.8

6.7
5.1
6.5
5.6
6.0

7.5
5.2
7.9
6.9
6.4

6.6
4.8
5.8
5.7
5.7

2,846.4
215.1
79.5
130.9
77.0
79.5
69.0
254.5
785.2
89.9
59.3
71.3

2,954.9
227.9
83.6
140.3
78.3
82.7
69.8
266.6
818.3
90.7
62.2
75.7

2,835.8
214.6
80.6
130.6
76.5
79.2
70.1
253.3
784.2
89.4
58.8
71.3

2,966.6
227.0
85.6
141.0
78.3
83.6
71.5
267.3
819.6
91.0
62.0
75.7

117.3
6.7
3.4
4.0
3.3
3.3
2.7
4.5
28.0
5.3
1.4
2.9

101.9
5.5
3.3
3.5
3.3
3.0
2.8
4.3
25.2
4.4
1.3
2.7

115.8
6.8
3.4
3.9
3.3
3.0
2.7
4.6
27.5
4.6
1.4
3.2

107.7
5.9
3.4
3.7
3.7
3.1
2.8
4.6
26.8
4.2
1.3
2.9

4.1
3.1
4.3
3.0
4.3
4.1
3.9
1.8
3.6
5.9
2.4
4.1

3.4
2.4
4.0
2.5
4.2
3.6
4.1
1.6
3.1
4.9
2.1
3.6

4.1
3.2
4.2
3.0
4.3
3.8
3.9
1.8
3.5
5.2
2.4
4.4

3.6
2.6
4.0
2.6
4.7
3.7
3.9
1.7
3.3
4.6
2.2
3.8

255.8
33.3
39.3

257.1
33.4
39.0

257.7
33.6
39.5

258.8
33.9
39.5

16.3
2.2
1.8

13.7
1.9
1.6

16.5
2.2
1.7

14.0
2.0
1.5

6.4
6.5
4.6

5.3
5.7
4.2

6.4
6.6
4.2

5.4
5.8
3.9

1,328.3
48.2
52.1
122.1
94.9
112.0
728.1

1,308.2
47.6
52.4
122.4
90.6
110.9
718.5

1,319.7
47.8
51.9
119.5
95.0
110.8
725.6

1,308.6
47.2
52.2
122.4
89.3
109.9
722.9

170.2
8.7
7.6
14.9
14.2
18.9
75.3

152.7
8.0
7.6
14.0
14.1
16.6
65.4

165.2
8.5
7.4
13.9
15.4
17.9
72.2

136.9
7.3
6.9
12.1
12.2
15.1
59.2

12.8
18.1
14.6
12.2
15.0
16.9
10.3

11.7
16.8
14.4
11.4
15.5
15.0
9.1

12.5
17.8
14.3
11.6
16.3
16.1
10.0

10.5
15.4
13.2
9.9
13.6
13.7
8.2

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Burlington

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Cheyenne
Puerto Rico
Aguadilla
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly




household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and
will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

135

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

1997

Employment status,
sex, and age

1999

1998
IV

IV

2000
IV

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

202,396 202,835 203,367 203,936 204,395 204,905 205,483 206,098 206,876 207.432 208,044 208.660 208,914
135,677 136,107 136,541 136,835 137,274 137,331 137,732 138,321 139.058 139.144 139,394 139,880 140,981
67.1
67.1
67.0
67.0
67.2
67.1
67.1
67.0
67.5
67.0
67.1
67.2
67.0
128,553 129,330 129,927 130,448 130,861 131,256 131.526 132.208 133,077 133.214 133,526 134,153 135,247
64.1
63.9
63.5
64.0
64.0
64.0
63.8
64.1
64.7
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.3
6,114
6,614
7,124
6,207
6,412
6,387
6,777
6.076
5,733
5,868
5.930
5.981
5.727
4.4
4.8
5.3
4.5
4.7
4.7
5.0
4.4
41
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.1

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

97,324
73,002
75.0
69,208
71.1
2,592
66,616
3,794
5.2
24,322

97,560
73,179
75.0
69,598
71.3
2,616
66,982
3,581
4.9
24,382

97,839
73,314
74.9
69,839
71.4
2,522
67,317
3,475
4.7
24,525

98,139
73,518
74.9
70,114
71.4
2,481
67,633
3,404
4.6
24,621

98,326
73,675
74.9
70,313
71.5
2,458
67,855
3,362
4.6
24,651

98,595
73,802
74.9
70,633
71.6
2,536
68,097
3.169
4.3
24,793

98,894
74,004
74.8
70,695
71.5
2,620
68,075
3,309
4.5
24,891

99,216
74,320
74.9
71,125
71.7
2,579
68,546
3,195
4.3
24,896

99.280
74,395
74.9
71,289
71.8
2,444
68,845
3,106
4.2
24,884

99,565
74,334
74.7
71,248
71.6
2,446
68.802
3,086
4.2
25,231

99,867 100,177 100.334
74,547 74.779 75,365
74.6
74.6
75.1
71,501 71.761 72,381
71.6
71.6
72.1
2,402
2.443
2,466
69,099 69.317 69,915
3.019
3,046
2,984
4.0
4.1
4.0
25,320 25,397 24,968

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

89,536
68,891
76.9
65,830
73.5
2,371
63,459
3,061
4.4
20,645

89.758
69,094
77.0
66,225
73.8
2,402
63,822
2,869
4.2
20,664

89,979
69,242
77.0
66,475
73.9
2,343
64,132
2,767
4.0
20,738

90,244
69,397
76.9
66,618
73.8
2,307
64,311
2,780
4.0
20,846

90,456
69.479
76.8
66,802
73.9
2,272
64,530
2,677
3.9
20,977

90,634
69,618
76.8
67,099
74.0
2,353
64,746
2,519
3.6
21,016

90,898
69,720
76.7
67,117
73.8
2,397
64,720
2,603
3.7
21,178

91,171
70,013
76.8
67,519
74.1
2,361
65,158
2.494
3.6
21,158

91,176
70,082
76.9
67,642
74.2
2,258
65,384
2,440
3.5
21,094

91.386
70,029
76.6
67.559
73.9
2.258
65.301
2,470
3.5
21,357

91,682
70,245
76.6
67.805
74.0
2,227
65,577
2.440
3.5
21,437

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

91,978
70,419
76.6
68.044
74.0
2,232
65,812
2,375
3.4
21,559

92,098
70,953
770
68.585
74 5
2.281
66,304
2,368
3.3
21,145

105,072 105,275 105,528 105,797 106,069 106,310 106,588 106,882 107,596 107,866 108,177 108,484 108,580
62,675 62,928 63,227 63,317 63,599 63,529 63,728 64,001 64,662 64,810 64,848 65,100 65,615
60.4
60.1
59.9
59.8
59.8
60.0
59.8
59.9
59.8
59.6
60.0
60.1
59.9
59,345 59,733 60.088 60,334 60.548 60,622 60,831 61,083 61.788 61,966 62,025 62,392 62,866
57.2
57.1
57.1
56.7
57.4
57.4
57.0
57.0
56.9
57.9
56.5
57.5
57.3
849
874
871
817
831
832
861
810
808
879
821
913
829
58,524 58,915 59,217 59,455 59,717 59,814 59,982 60,273 60,926 61,092 61.197 61.560 61.953
2,907
2.844
2.918
2.749
2.708
2,822
2.875
2.898
3,196
3,051
2,983
3,139
3,330
4.6
4.4
4.6
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.4
4.5
5.1
4.8
5.0
5.3
4.7
42,397 42,347 42,300 42,480 42,470 42,781 42,860 42,880 42.934 43.057 43.329 43,383 42,965

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

97,577
58,830
60.3
56,106
57.5
768
55,338
2,724
4.6
38,747

97,762
59,088
60.4
56,463
57.8
772
55,691
2,625
4.4
38,674

98,000
59,390
60.6
56,840
58.0
823
56,017
2,551
4.3
38,610

98,219
59,484
60.6
57,045
58.1
830
56,215
2,439
4.1
38,735

98,475
59,608
60.5
57,055
57.9
771
56,285
2,552
4.3
38,867

98,662
59,528
60.3
57,145
57.9
745
56,400
2,383
4.0
39,134

98,891
59,694
60.4
57,321
58.0
793
56,528
2,373
4.0
39,197

99,118
59,979
60.5
57,591
58.1
762
56,829
2,388
4.0
39,139

99,755 100.021 100,291 100,566 100,652
60,612 60,820 60,872 61,054 61,607
61.2
60.7
60.7
60.8
60.8
58,283 58.489 58,585 58,865 59,366
59.0
58.5
58.4
58.5
58.4
864
786
785
825
815
57,468 57,664 57.800 58,079 58,503
2.241
2.188
2,287
2,332
2,329
3.6
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.6
39,143 39.200 39,419 39,512 39.045

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

15,283
7,956
52.1
6,617
43.3
274
6,343
1,339
16.8
7,328

15,315
7,925
51.7
6,643
43.4
259
6,384
1,282
16.2
7,390

15,387
7,909
51.4
6,613
43.0
228
6,385
1,296
16.4
7,478

15,473
7,954
51.4
6,785
43.9
222
6,563
1,168
14.7
7,520

15,464
8,187
52.9
7,004
45.3
246
6,757
1,183
14.5
7,277

15,609
8,186
52.4
7,012
44.9
246
6,766
1,174
14.3
7,423

15.694
8,319
53.0
7,088
45.2
278
6,810
1,231
14.8
7,375

15,809
8,329
52.7
7,098
44.9
265
6,832
1,232
14.8
7,479

15,945
8,363
52.5
7,151
44.8
232
6,919
1,212
14.5
7,582

1
2

16.071
8.277
51.5
7,137
44.4
218
6,919
1,141
13.8
7,794

16,117
8,407
52.2
7,243
44.9
258
6,986
1,164
13.8
7,710

16,164
8.420
52.1
7,296
45.1
234
7.061
1,124
13.4
7.744

D-11 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal
adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
N O T E : Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables D-1 through




16,025
8,295
51.8
7,166
44.7
237
6,929
1.128
13.6
7,731

136

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1998

1999

2000

IV

IV

IV

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

169,499 169,785 170,149 170,540 170,915 171,262 171,657 172,079 172,494 172,862 173,280 173,705 173,893
114,288 114,597 114,814 115,041 115,154 115,166 115,485 115,850 116,349 116,352 116,535 116,788 117,790
67.3
67.5
67.3
67.3
67.2
67.4
67.5
67.3
67.4
67.7
67.5
67.5
67.2
109,173 109,789 109,996 110,491 110,554 110,787 111,012 111,390 112,008 111,966 112,268 112,703 113,656
64.7
64.6
64.8
64.7
64.7
64.7
64.8
64.8
64.4
64.9
64.7
65.4
64.9
4,473
4,818
4.385
4,459
4,550
4,267
5,115
4,341
4,379
4,134
4,600
4.808
4,085
3.9
4.2
3.8
3.8
4.0
3.7
4.5
3.7
3.8
4.0
4.2
3.5
3.5

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
„
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

58.973
77.5
56,685
74.5
2,288
3.9

59,076
77.5
56,988
74.8
2,089
3.5

59,126
77.4
57,052
74.7
2,074
3.5

59,293
77.4
57,235
74.7
2,059
3.5

59,225
77.2
57,252
74.6
1,974
3.3

59,316
77.2
57,452
74.7
1,864
3.1

59,457
77.2
57.518
74.7
1,939
3.3

59,678
77.3
57,790
74.8
1,888
3.2

59,686
77.4
57,838
75.0
1,847
3.1

59.625
77.1
57,768
74.7
1.857
3.1

59,857
77.2
58.021
74.9
1,836
3.1

59.809
76.9
58.110
74.8
1,699
2.8

60.283

48,624
59.8
46,756
57.5
1,869
3.8

48,800
59.9
46,993
57.7
1,807
3.7

48,958
60.0
47,178
57.9
1.780
3.6

49,005
60.0
47,327
57.9
1,678
3.4

48,993
59.8
47,220
57.7
1.773
3.6

48,947
59.7
47,297
57.7
1.650
3.4

49,022
59.7
47,363
57.7
1.659
3.4

49,155
59.7
47,490
57.7
1.665
3.4

49,635
60.0
48,003
58.0
1,632
3.3

49,716
60.0
48,019
58.0
1.698
3.4

49,653
59.8
48,050
57.9
1.603
3.2

49,853
59.9
48,321
58.1
1.532
3.1

50,396
60.5
48,823
58.6
1,573
3.1

6,691
55.2
5,732
47.3
959
14.3
14.9
13.7

6,720
55.3
5,808
47.8
912
13.6
14.5
12.6

6,729
55.1
5,765
47.2
964
14.3
15.0
13.6

6,743
55.1
5,930
48.4
814
12.1
12.7
11.3

6.935
56.4
6,082
49.4
854
12.3
14.5
10.0

6,903
55.6
6,037
48.7
865
12.5
13.9
11.1

7,006
56.1
6,131
49.1
875
12.5
14.1
10.7

7,017
55.9
6,110
48.7
906
12.9
13.9
11.8

7,029
55.6
6,167
48.8
861
12.3
13.1
11.4

7,011
55.3
6,180
48.7
831
11.9
12.3
11.4

7,025
55.2
6,197
48.7
829
11.8
12.3
11.3

7,127
55.9
6,272
49.2
854
12.0
12.7
11.2

7,111
55.9
6.281
49.4
830
11.7
12.7
10.5

23.871
15,391
64.5
13,747
57.6
1,644
10.7

23,950
15,418
64.4
13,816
57.7
1,602
10.4

24.043
15,667
65.2
14,186
59.0
1,481
9.5

24,149
15,635
64.7
14,127
58.5
1,508
9.6

24,227
15,854
65.4
14,373
59.3
1,481
9.3

24,319
15,895
65.4
14,475
59.5
1,420
8.9

24,419
15,995
65.5
14,543
59.6
1,452
9.1

24.529
16,171
65.9
14,829
60.5
1,343
8.3

24,697
16,273
65.9
14,968
60.6
1,304
8.0

24.799
16,295
65.7
15,044
60.7
1,251
7.7

24.906
16,387
65.8
15.041
60.4
1,346
8.2

25.018
16,503
66.0
15,172
60.6
1,332
8.1

25.076
16.660
66.4
15.361
61.3
1,299
7.8

6.815
71.6
6,201
65.2
614
9.0

6,862
71.9
6,255
65.5
607
8.9

7,004
73.0
6,453
67.2
551
7.9

6,951
72.1
6,390
66.3
560
8.1

7,008
72.5
6,454
66.8
553
7.9

7.049
72.7
6.537
67.4
512
7.3

7,051
72.4
6,507
66.8
543
7.7

7.097
72.5
6,619
67.6
478
6.7

7.139
72.5
6,693
67.9
447
6.3

7.151
72.2
6,693
67.6
458
6.4

7.163
72.0
6.673
67.1
490
6.8

7.277
72.8
6,750
67.5
527
7.2

7,376
73.5
6,860
68.4
516
7.0

7,606
63.6
6,891
57.6
715
9.4

7,647
63.8
6,962
58.1
685
9.0

7,749
64.4
7,100
59.0
649
8.4

7,744
64.1
7.101
58.7
643
8.3

7,882
64.9
7,236
59.6
646
8.2

7,830
64.3
7,190
59.0
640
8.2

7,903
64.7
7,292
59.7
611
7.7

8,031
65.4
7,443
60.6
588
7.3

8,124
65.7
7,559
61.1
565
7.0

8,207
66.1
7,657
61.6
550
6.7

8.289
66.4
7.701
61.7
589
7.1

8,272
66.0
7,736
61.7
536
6.5

8,324
66.3
7.776
61.9
548
6.6

77 4

58.553
75.2
1,730
2.9

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




137

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1997

1998

2000

1999

IV

IV

IV

BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

970
40.3
655
27.2
315
32.5
38.9
26.6

909
37.7
600
24.8
309
34.0
38.8
29.3

913
37.9
633
26.2
281
30.7
35.1
26.9

940
38.9
636
26.3
304
32.4
32.8
32.0

964
39.8
683
28.2
281
29.2
30.8
27.7

1,017
41.7
749
30.7
268
26.4
27.1
25.8

1,041
42.4
744
30.3
297
28.6
30.8
26.3

1,043
42.4
767
31.2
276
26.5
31.5
21.7

1,009
40.8
716
29.0
293
29.0
32.3
25.7

938
37.8
695
28.0
243
25.9
29.6
22.5

935
37.6
667
26.8
268
28.6
30.2
27.2

954
38.5
686
27.6
268
28.1
31.3
25.0

959
38.8
725
29.3
234
24.4
22.5
26.5

20,067
13,642
68.0
12,505
62.3
1,138
8.3

20.236
13.672
67.6
12,606
62.3
1,066
7.8

20.408
13,886
68.0
12,851
63.0
1,036
7.5

20.574
13.980
67.9
12,953
63.0
1,027
7.3

20.797
14.105
67.8
13,106
63.0
998
7.1

20.975
14,346
68.4
13,345
63.6
1,001
7.0

21,160
14,358
67.9
13,318
62.9
1,040
7.2

21.347
14,470
67.8
13,406
62.8
1,064
7.4

21,355
14.503
67.9
13.561
63.5
943
6.5

21.549
14.571
67.6
13,590
63.1
981
6.7

21.752
14.698
67.6
13.750
63.2
948
6.4

21,945
14.893
67.9
13.984
63.7
909
6.1

22.107
15.271
69 1
14.377
65.0
894
5.9

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to

2




totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

138

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1999

1998

2000

Educational attainment
IV

IV

IV

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

30,269 30,069 29,318 29,372 29,487 29,878 29,174 28,964 28.485 28.268 28,389 28,206 27.631
12,609 12,599 12,544 12,489 12,552 12,775 12,519 12,386 12,199 11.956 12.182 12.096 11,864
42.6
42.8
42.9
41.7
42.3
42.9
42.9
42.8
42.5
42.8
41.9
42.8
42.9
11,512 11,550 11,571 11,549 11,657 11,867 11,644 11.519 11,348 11,147 11,347 11,330 11.093
39.5
39.7
39.9
39.4
40.0
40.2
39.8
39.3
38.0
39.5
38.4
39.8
40.1
895
908
876
1,097
809
835
766
867
940
973
1,049
851
771
7.1
7.1
7.0
7.0
8.7
7.8
8.3
6.8
6.9
6.3
7.0
7.5
6.5

High school graduates, no college2
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

57,247 57,424 57,557 57,467 57,636 57,545 57,564 57,351 57,448 57,946 57,292 57,551 57,757
37,714 37,742 37,910 37,718 37,728 37,319 37,382 37,435 37,467 37,418 37,052 37,371 37,631
65.7
64.7
64.9
64.9
65.9
65.5
65.3
65.2
65.6
65.9
64.6
64.9
65.2
36,016 36,124 36,333 36,213 36,172 35,864 35,899 35,990 36,147 36,052 35,745 36,130 36.334
62.3
62.4
62.9
62.8
63.0
62.9
63.1
62.2
62.4
62.9
62.8
62.8
62.9
1.617
1,556
1,455
1,483
1,699
1,577
1,307
1,320
1,444
1,506
1.366
1,241
1,297
4.3
4.1
3.9
4.0
4.5
4.2
3.5
3.9
4.0
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.4

Less than a bachelor's degree3
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

41,506 41,641 42,266 42,372 42,186 42,069 41,968 42,819 43,365 42,860 43,231 43,975 44,133
31,136 31,254 31,514 31,457 31,334 31,359 31,259 31,693 32,122 31,983 32,042 32,306 32,636
74.3
74.5
74.2
74.6
75.0
75.1
74.1
74.1
74.5
74.0
74.6
73.5
73.9
30,044 30,252 30,508 30,474 30,344 30,446 30,346 30,772 31,184 31,100 31,101 31,453 31,750
71.9
71.9
72.2
71.9
72.4
72.3
72.4
72.6
71.9
71.9
72.6
71.5
71.9
990
913
913
1,005
983
1,092
1,003
942
938
921
883
887
853
3.2
2.9
3.2
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.1
3.5
3.2
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6

College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
2
3

40,667 40,987 41,391 41.752 42,099 42,250 43,470 43,471 43,775 44,398 45,070 44,724 45,048
32,729 33.066 33,216 33,589 33.825 34,064 34,681 34,787 35,095 35,634 35,862 35,603 36,177
80.2
80.5
80.3
80.6
80.4
79.8
80.7
79.6
80.2
80.0
80.3
79.6
80.3
32,054 32.386 32,512 32,982 33,195 33,492 34,084 34,133 34,445 34,941 35,248 34,982 35,566
78.4
78.5
79.0
78.8
78.8
79.3
79.0
78.7
78.2
78.7
78.5
78.2
79.0
597
704
630
572
680
675
614
654
608
650
621
692
611
1.7
1.7
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.7

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

139

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-4. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age

1998

2000

1999

IV

IV

III

IV

EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes. 16 to 19 years

105,143 106,088 106,915 107,213 107.548 107,942 108,346 108,981 109.930 109,989 110,090 111,222 112,155
61,685 62,162 62,478 62,711 62.765 63,113 63,233 63,647 63.919 63.732 63.864 64,207 64,848
60,428 60,877 61,204 61,385 61.473 61,767 61.877 62,233 62,537 62,315 62,427 62,782 63,459
43,443 43,921 44,456 44,489 44,732 44,815 45.188 45.326 45.947 46.254 46,302 46,992 47,200
42,564 43,084 43,543 43,583 43,763 43,866 44,125 44,431 45,057 45,286 45.329 45.941 46.244
2,344
2.150
2,245
2.312
2,309
2,318
2,336
2,388
2,334
2,127
2.168
2.499
2.452
23,384
7,493
5,379
15,881
13,534
4,470

23,218
7,421
5,327
15,798
13,369
4,522

22.995
7,366
5,283
15,654
13,288
4,424

23,305
7,432
5,247
15,865
13,490
4,568

23,346
7,541
5.330
15,791
13,286
4,730

23.309
7,515
5,319
15.790
13,275
4,716

23.106
7.468
5.241
15.667
13,181
4,685

23.281
7,493
5,289
15,784
13,194
4,798

23,203
7,370
5,132
15,814
13,217
4,853

23,209
7,515
5,236
15,691
13,200
4.773

23.343
7,618
5,379
15,741
13,228
4,736

23,001
7,559
5,254
15,437
12.964
4,782

23,179
7,533
5.163
15,629
13.113
4,903

Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes. 16 to 19 years

5,692
3,185
2,796
2,502
2,214
681

5,450
3,039
2,646
2,428
2,147
657

5,269
2,915
2,526
2,366
2,097
646

5,117
2,892
2,558
2,240
1,956
602

5,072
2,722
2,449
2,303
2,066
557

4,867
2,683
2,323
2,214
1,946
599

4,903
2,765
2,383
2,141
1,922
598

4,801
2,643
2.286
2,185
1,934
581

4,746
2,520
2,242
2,152
1,906
597

4,694
2,558
2.240
2.169
1,929
525

4,662
2,571
2,235
2,099
1,864
562

4,563
2,536
2,161
2,067
1.787
615

4,546
2,409
2.155
2.049
1,789
602

Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

1,427
588
261
837
513
653

1,342
574
229
785
490
623

1,325
569
230
752
451
645

1,277
525
227
742
469
581

1,337
578
225
756
494
618

1,224
528
201
719
449
573

1,288
555
212
726
448
628

1,319
574
213
733
441
666

1,226
502
195
724
426
604

1,257
571
239
704
415
603

1,192
490
200
693
417
576

1,171
507
217
650
389
565

1,182
484
213
698
460
509

Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women. 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5.1
4.9
4.4
5.4
4.9
24.1

4.9
4.7
4.2
5.2
4.7
23.6

4.7
4.5
4.0
5.1
4.6
23.0

4.6
4.4
4.0
4.8
4.3
21.1

4.5
4.2
3.8
4.9
4.5
19.4

4.3
4.1
3.6
4.7
4.2
20.6

4.3
4.2
3.7
4.5
4.2
20.3

4.2
4.0
3.5
4.6
4.2
20.0

4.1
3.8
3.5
4.5
4.1
20.4

4.1
3.9
3.5
4.5
4.1
18.0

4.1
3.9
3.5
4.3
3.9
19.4

3.9
3.8
3.3
4.2
3.7
19.7

3.9
3.6
3.3
4.2
3.7
19.7

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5.8
7.3
4.6
5.0
3.7
12.7

5.5
7.2
4.1
4.7
3.5
12.1

5.4
7.2
4.2
4.6
3.3
12.7

5.2
6.6
4.1
4.5
3.4
11.3

5.4
7.1
4.1
4.6
3.6
11.6

5.0
6.6
3.6
4.4
3.3
10.8

5.3
6.9
3.9
4.4
3.3
11.8

5.4
7.1
3.9
4.4
3.2
12.2

5.0
6.4
3.7
4.4
3.1
11.1

5.1
7.1
4.4
4.3
3.0
11.2

4.9
6.0
3.6
4.2
3.1
10.8

4.8
6.3
4.0
4.0
2.9
10.6

4.9
6.0
4.0
4.3
3.4
9.4

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
UNEMPLOYED

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1

1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

140

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-5. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1998

1997

1999

2000

Category
IV

IV

IV

MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

128,553 129,330 129,927 130,448 130,861 131,256 131,526 132,208 133,077 133,214 133,526 134,153 135,247
42,572 42,503 42,637 42,838 42,854 42,722 42,930 43,171 43,227 43,162 43,362 43,254 43,594
32,668 32,556 32,895 32,896 32,816 32,834 32,795 33,037 33,277 33,495 33,389 33,639 33,943
7,784
7,892
7,921
7,979
7,820
8,111
8,306
7,870
8,433
8,063
7,610
7,831
8,221

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty ..
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair ...
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

37,562

37,483

37,674

38,017

38,328

38,650

39,089

39,676

39,849

40,588

40,802

40,627

40,775

38.065
17.214
13,942
18,236
3,529

38.195
17.403
14,211
18.526
3,562

38.415
17.679
14,184
18,463
3,469

38,569
17,849
14,184
18,362
3,455

38,467
17,894
14,347
18,441
3,408

38.496
17,710
14,625
18,329
3,483

38.702
17,768
14,279
18,072
3,565

38,429
17,979
14,407
18,179
3,528

38.912
18,051
14,639
18,225
3,449

38.844
17,987
14,378
17,957
3,475

38,727
17.947
14,471
18,112
3,399

39,206
17.678
14,893
18,372
3,380

39,609
18,404
14,604
18,333
3,589

1,922
1,437
46

1,953
1,421
57

1,860
1,480
47

1,825
1,488
50

1,919
1,331
40

1,932
1,373
45

2,091
1,343
33

2,042
1,312
35

1,922
1,353
38

1,928
1,357
36

1,926
1,252
44

2,001
1,231
40

2,031
1,318
44

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

115,705 116,709 117,490 118,049 118,554 118,843 118,939 119,774 120.894 121,081 121,307 122,015 123,053
97,588 98,661 99,293 99,883 100,311 100,539 100.606 101,123 102.098 102,229 102,232 103,122 103,718
953
894
944
979
911
918
920
1,010
915
908
951
944
989
96,670 97,753 98,378 98,963 99,300 99,560 99,695 100,170 101,204 101,285 101,281 102,179 102,729
18,852
18,797
18,333 18,651
18,118
18,166
18,243 18,304
18,048
18,198
19,075
18,893 19,335
8,789
8,911
8,768
9,000
9,299
8,870
9,019
8,926
8,911
9,105
8,893
8,727
8,766
71
109
115
93
127
90
106
106
133
120
102
91

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions ....
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons ...

4,180
2,352
1,509
18,158

4,134
2,342
1,474
18,175

4,023
2,201
1,499
17,961

3,951
2,248
1,393
18,275

3,877
2,174
1,392
18,483

3,749
2,125
1,293
18,469

3,586
2,094
1,190
18,583

3,424
1,972
1,153
18,679

3,474
2,018
1,145
18,629

3,393
1,978
1,093
18,720

3,293
1,933
1,060
19,005

3,258
1,936
1,017
18,689

3,161
1,840
996
18,897

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions ....
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons ...

3,987
2,236
1,475
17,543

3,931
2,205
1,434
17,607

3,849
2,089
1,470
17,403

3,761
2,137
1,360
17.662

3,706
2,060
1,365
17.885

3,602
2,042
1,258
17,888

3,404
1,989
1.158
17,988

3,265
1,882
1,127
18,136

3,316
1.925
1,109
18,053

3,221
1,864
1,069
18,134

3,127
1,823
1,046
18,464

3,082
1,822
998
18.131

3.018
1,758
97i
18,312

1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work
full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such




as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household survey.

141

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-6. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1998

1997

1999

2000

Age and sex
IV
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

IV

128,553 129,330 129,927 130,448 130,861

131,256 131,526 132,208 133,077 133,214 133,526 134,153 135.247

19,501
19,023 19,224
19,025
18,918
19,967 20,084 20,249 20,524
19,579 19,566
19,966
19,789
6,785
7,004
6,613
6,643
6,617
7,137
7,166
7,012
7,296
7,151
7,098
7,088
7,243
2,697
2,789
2,630
2,647
2,624
2,795
2,785
2,749
2,827
2,782
2,748
2,766
2,811
4,093
4,203
3,979
4,008
3,973
4,332
4,391
4,279
4,459
4,362
4.349
4,326
4,431
12,497 12,567
12,439
12,382
12,947
12,301
12,801
12,815
12,478 12,692
12,410
13,228
13,006
109,637 110,330 110,905 111,203 111,368 111,700 111,956 112,393 113,124 113,264 113,438 113,879 114,729
93,803 94,313 94,908 94,839 94,996 95,137 95,340 95,575 96,177 96,039 96,105 96,600 97,188
16,514
16,391
16,373
16,016
17,304
16,840
16,640
15,973
15,859
16,959 17,170 17,354
17,551
69,208

69,598

69,839

70,114

70,313

70,633

70,695

71,125

71,289

71,248

71,501

71,761

72,381

9,897
3,378
1,331
2,036
6,519
59,303
50,460
8,849

9,982
3.373
1,345
2,047
6,609
59,626
50,674
8,928

9,936
3,364
1.352
1,999
6,572
59,921
50,954
8,961

9,997
3,496
1,397
2,100
6,501
60,099
51,010
9,113

10,119
3,511
1,422
2,087
6,608
60,189
51,144
9,054

10.197
3,534
1,400
2.154
6,662
60,450
51,249
9,171

10,159
3,578
1.391
2.182
6,581
60.548
51,252
9,299

10,308
3,606
1,380
2,218
6,703
60,798
51,460
9,364

10,365
3,647
1,420
2,224
6.718
60,924
51,509
9,426

10.309
3,689
1,434
2,273
6,619
60,951
51,398
9,517

10,461
3,696
1,444
2,237
6,764
61,052
51,439
9,614

10,533
3,717
1,449
2,260
6,816
61,208
51,643
9.588

10,777
3,796
1.492
2.301
6.981
61,589
51,891
9,722

59,345

59,733

60,088

60,334

60,548

60,622

60,831

61,083

61,788

61,966

62,025

62,392

62,866

9,020
3,239
1,293
1,937
5,782
50,334
43,343
7,010

9,043
3,270
1,302
1,961
5,773
50,703
43,639
7,045

9,086
3,248
1,278
1,981
5,838
50,984
43,953
7,054

9,227
3,289
1,300
1,993
5,938
51,103
43.829
7.259

9,382
3,493
1.367
2,116
5,889
51,178
43,852
7,337

9,382
3,478
1,349
2,124
5,904
51,250
43,889
7,343

9,407
3,510
1,376
2,144
5,897
51,408
44,088
7,340

9,481
3,492
1,368
2,131
5,989
51,595
44.115
7,475

9,601
3,504
1,362
2,138
6.097
52,200
44,668
7,533

9,659
3,477
1,351
2,118
6,182
52,313
44,641
7,653

9,623
3,440
1,351
2,095
6,183
52,386
44,666
7,740

9,716
3,527
1,363
2,171
6,190
52,671
44,957
7.716

9,747
3,500
1,335
2,158
6,248
53,140
45.298
7.830

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




IV

used in the household survey.

142

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-7. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1997

1998

2000

1999

Age and sex
IV

IV

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

7,124

6,777

6,614

6,387

6,412

6,076

6,207

6,114

5,981

5,930

5,868

5,727

5,733

2,556
1,339
602
727
1,217
4,561
4,064
512

2.439
1,282
589
696
1,157
4,337
3,833
500

2,374
1,296
598
699
1,078
4,260
3,755
502

2,332
1,168
566
608
1,163
4,048
3,575
468

2,348
1.183
589
584
1,165
4,067
3,617
460

2.228
1,174
550
627
1,054
3,842
3,406
432

2,348
1,231
568
667
1.118
3,869
3,400
464

2,205
1,232
584
649
973
3.899
3,394
501

2,240
1,212
559
643
1,028
3,741
3,249
501

2,171
1,128
544
587
1,043
3,754
3,247
505

2,175
1,141
525
621
1,034
3,701
3,208
486

2,235
1.164
547
618
1,071
3,492
3,026
469

2,195
1,124
502
613
1,071
3,543
3,044
513

3,794

3,581

3,475

3,404

3,362

3,169

3,309

3,195

3,106

3,086

3,046

3,019

2,984

1,396
733
338
388
663
2,387
2,094
297

1,309
712
326
393
597
2,275
1.991
285

1,318
708
313
392
611
2.170
1.896
277

1,294
624
306
319
670
2.107
1.819
285

1,303
685
338
340
618
2,053
1.778
274

1,220
650
308
350
570
1,948
1,699
249

1,320
706
331
374
614
2,000
1.735
270

1,220
701
344
355
519
1,972
1,682
286

1,198
666
302
359
532
1.900
1.626
271

1,197
616
306
317
581
1.887
1,620
269

1,166
605
281
324
561
1,890
1,602
291

1,223
644
290
352
579
1,796
1.534
259

1,164
616
276
335
548
1.814
1.542
269

3,330

3,196

3,139

2,983

3,051

2,907

2,898

2,918

2,875

2,844

2,822

2,708

2,749

1,160
606
265
339
554
2,174
1,970
215

1,130
570
263
303
560
2,062
1,842
216

1,056
589
285
307
467
2,090
1,858
225

1,038
544
259
289
494
1,941
1,756
183

1,046
498
251
244
547
2,014
1,839
186

1,008
524
242
277
484
1,894
1,707
183

1,028
524
236
293
504
1.869
1,666
194

985
531
240
294
454
1,927
1,712
215

1,042
546
257
284
496
1,841
1,623
230

974
512
238
270
462
1.867
1,628
236

1,009
535
244
297
474
1,811
1,605
194

1,012
520
257
266
492
1,696
1.492
211

1,031
508
226
278
523
1,729
1,502
243

N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




IV

used in the household survey.

143

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-8. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1998

1997

2000

1999

Age and sex
IV

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

IV

5.3

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.4

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.1

11.9
16.8
18.7
15.5
9.0
4.0
4.2
3.1

11.4
16.2
18.2
14.8
8.5
3.8
3.9
3.0

11.1
16.4
18.5
14.9
8.0
3.7
3.8
3.0

10.8
14.7
17.3
12.9
8.6
3.5
3.6
2.8

10.7
14.5
17.4
12.2
8.5
3.5
3.7
2.7

10.2
14.3
16.7
12.8
7.7
3.3
3.5
2.5

10.7
14.8
17.0
13.4
8.2
3.3
3.4
2.7

10.0
14.8
17.5
13.0
7.1
3.4
3.4
2.9

10.1
14.5
16.7
12.8
7.4
3.2
3.3
2.9

9.8
13.6
16.3
11.8
7.5
3.2
3.3
2.9

9.8
13.8
15.8
12.5
7.4
3.2
3.2
2.7

9.9
13.8
16.3
12.2
7.6
3.0
3.0
2.6

9.7
13.4
15.1
12.1
7.5
3.0
3C
2.8

5.2

4.9

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.3

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

12.4
17.8
20.2
16.0
9.2
3.9
4.0
3.2

11.6
17.4
19.5
16.1
8.3
3.7
3.8
3.1

11.7
17.4
18.8
16.4
8.5
3.5
3.6
3.0

11.5
15.1
18.0
13.2
9.3
3.4
3.4
3.0

11.4
16.3
19.2
14.0
8.6
3.3
3.4
2.9

10.7
15.5
18.0
14.0
7.9
3.1
3.2
2.6

11.5
16.5
19.2
14.6
8.5
3.2
3.3
2.8

10.6
16.3
20.0
13.8
7.2
3.1
3.2
3.0

10.4
15.4
17.6
13.9
7.3
3.0
3.1
2.8

10.4
14.3
17.6
12.3
8.1
3.0
3.1
2.8

10.0
14.1
16.3
12.7
7.7
3.0
3.0
2.9

10.4
14.8
16.7
13.5
7.8
2.9
2.9
2.6

9.7
14.0
15.6
12.7
7.3
2.9
2.9
27

5.3

5.1

5.0

4.7

4.8

4.6

4.5

4.6

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.2

4.2

11.4
15.8
17.0
14.9
8.7
4.1
4.3
3.0

11.1
14.9
16.8
13.4
8.8
3.9
4.1
3.0

10.4
15.3
18.2
13.4
7.4
3.9
4.1
3.1

10.1
14.2
16.6
12.7
7.7
3.7
3.9
2.5

10.0
12.5
15.5
10.3
8.5
3.8
4.0
2.5

9.7
13.1
15.2
11.5
7.6
3.6
3.7
2.4

9.9
13.0
14.7
12.0
7.9
3.5
3.6
2.6

9.4
13.2
14.9
12.1
7.0
3.6
3.7
2.8

9.8
13.5
15.9
11.7
7.5
3.4
3.5
3.0

9.2
12.8
15.0
11.3
6.9
3.4
3.5
3.0

9.5
13.5
15.3
12.4
7.1
3.3
3.5
2.4

9.4
12.9
15.9
10.9
7.4
3.1
3.2
2.7

9.6
12.7
14.5
11.4
7.7
3.2
3.2
3.0

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls




IV

used in the household survey.

144

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-9. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)

1997

1999

1998

2000

Category
IV

IV

IV

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

.*

5.3
4.4
4.6
16.8

5.0
4.2
4.4
16.2

4.8
4.0
4.3
16.4

4.5
9.3

4.2
9.2

10.7
8.3

4.7
4.0
4.1
14.7

4.7
3.9
4.3
14.5

4.4
3.6
4.0
14.3

4.5
3.7
4.0
14.8

4.4
3.6
4.0
14.8

4.3
3.5
3.8
14.5

4.3
3.5
3.8
13.6

4.2
3.5
3.8
13.8

4.1
3.4
3.6
13.8

4.1
3.3
3.6
13.4

10.4
7.8

4.2
8.3
9.5
7.5

4.0
8.4
9.6
7.3

4.0
8.1
9.3
7.1

3.8
7.7
8.9
7.0

3.9
7.8
9.1
7.2

3.8
7.3
8.3
7.4

3.7
7.1
8.0
6.5

3.8
68
7.7
6.7

3.7
7.1
8.2
6.4

3.5
7.1
8.1
6.1

3.5
6.8
7.8
5.9

2.8
3.3
8.8

2.7
3.2
7.9

2.6
3.1
7.8

2.5
2.9
7.9

2.5
3.1
7.6

2.3
2.8
7.3

2.3
2.9
7.1

2.3
2.8
6.7

2.3
2.8
6.5

2.3
2.7
6.5

2.2
2.7
6.4

2.2
2.5
6.1

2.0
2.7
6.4

2.1
4.3
5.0
8.1
7.2

2.0
4.1
4.8
7.5
7.0

2.0
4.1
4.7
7.4
6.9

1.8
4.0
4.8
6.9
7.2

1.9
4.0
4.5
6.6
6.6

1.7
3.8
4.1
6.6
6.1

1.8
3.8
4.3
6.8
6.8

1.9
3.8
3.8
6.6
6.6

1.9
3.8
3.9
6.1
7.3

2.0
3.6
4.2
6.3
7.3

1.8
3.7
4.1
6.3
6.1

1.8
3.6
3.9
6.2
6.1

1.7
3.5
3.9
6.2
5.2

5.3
5.7
4.1
9.5
4.5
4.1
5.2
5.2
4.1
6.4
3.2
4.9
2.9
8.7

5.1
5.4
2.9
8.7
4.3
3.6
5.4
4.9
3.2
6.3
3.1
4.7
2.5
9.0

4.9
5.2
4.0
8.8
4.1
3.3
5.2
4.8
3.6
6.1
3.1
4.5
2.6
9.2

4.7
4.9
4.0
8.5
3.7
3.2
4.5
4.7
3.2
6.0
2.6
4.4
2.4
9.7

4.7
4.9
3.1
8.2
3.9
3.4
4.6
4.7
3.5
5.7
2.6
4.6
2.5
9.1

4.5
4.6
2.8
7.4
3.7
3.2
4.6
4.5
3.3
5.4
2.2
4.6
2.1
7.9

4.7
4.9
3.4
7.6
4.0
3.6
4.5
4.6
3.4
5.6
2.4
4.5
2.3
8.0

4.5
4.6
3.6
6.8
3.9
3.3
4.8
4.5
3.2
5.4
2.7
4.5
2.2
8.0

4.3
4.6
6.3
7.2
3.6
3.2
4.1
4.2
2.9
5.3
2.3
4.2
2.2
9.7

4.3
4.6
6.4
7.3
3.6
3.4
3.9
4.3
3.0
5.3
2.6
4.1
2.4
9.7

4.3
4.7
5.6
7.1
3.7
3.8
3.7
4.2
3.1
5.1
2.3
4.2
2.1
8.1

4.2
4.4
4.5
6.3
3.6
3.6
3.7
4.1
3.1
5.2
2.2
3.9
2.1
7.7

4.2
4.4
3.0
6.9
3.5
2.9
4.3
4.2
3.3
5.3
2.6
4.0
2.0
5.7

OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or
irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

145

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-10. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1997

2000

1999

Reason
IV

IV

IV

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,193
973
2,221
818
2,508
608

3,063
952
2,111
794
2,384
559

2.930
850
2,080
845
2,246
569

2,924
923
2,001
714
2,207
541

2,894
896
1,998
778
2,208
531

2,781
796
1,985
698
2,094
524

2,817
905
1,913
749
2,130
496

2,787
857
1,930
710
2,093
529

2,692
850
1,842
751
2,035
488

2,681
852
1,829
807
2,037
424

2.624
870
1,754
773
1,971
481

2.471
816
1,655
808
1,976
483

2.545
786
1,759
786
1,999
405

44.8
13.6
31.2
11.5
35.2
8.5

45.0
14.0
31.0
11.7
35.1
8.2

44.5
12.9
31.6
12.8
34.1
8.6

45.8
14.4
31.3
11.2
34.6
8.5

45.1
14.0
31.2
12.1
34.4
8.3

45.6
13.1
32.6
11.5
34.3
8.6

45.5
14.6
30.9
12.1
34.4
8.0

45.5
14.0
31.5
11.6
34.2
8.6

45.1
14.2
30.9
12.6
34.1
8.2

45.1
14.3
30.7
13.6
34.2
7.1

44.9
14.9
30.0
13.2
33.7
8.2

43.1
14.2
28.8
14.1
34.4
8.4

44.4
13.7
30.7
13.7
34.9
7.1

2.4
.6
1.8
.4

2.3
.6
1.8
.4

2.1
.6
1.6
.4

2.1
.5
1.6
.4

2.1
.6
1.6
.4

2.0
.5
1.5
.4

2.0
.5
1.5
.4

2.0
.5
1.5
.4

1.9
.5
1.5
.4

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

1.9
.6
1.4
.3

1.8
.6
1.4
.3

1.8
.6
1.4
.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers ana persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used

in the household survey.

D-11. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

2000

1999

Duration
IV

IV

IV

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks

2.630
2,296
2,138
1,015
1,123

2,517
2.149
2.115
1.047
1,068

2.470
2,098
2.065
988
1.077

2,522
1.982
1.905
915
990

2,657
1.936
1.798
838
961

2,598
1.992
1.533
701
832

2,608
1.971
1.620
765
854

2.642
1,912
1,587
745
843

2,501
1,940
1,499
761
738

2.594
1.825
1.542
795
748

2,607
1.794
1.462
745
717

2,589
1.755
1.408
712
695

2.624
1.779
1,315
666
649

15.8
7.9

15.5
8.1

16.1
8.1

15.8
7.6

15.2
7.0

14.5
6.5

14.1
6.7

14.1
6.5

13.6
6.8

13.6
6.3

13.2
6.0

13.0
6.1

12 8
5.9

100.0
37.2
32.5
30.3
14.4
15.9

100.0
37.1
31.7
31.2
15.4
15.7

100.0
37.2
31.6
31.1
14.9
16.2

100.0
39.4
30.9
29.7
14.3
15.4

100.0
41.6
30.3
28.1
13.1
15.0

100.0
42.4
32.5
25.0
11.4
13.6

100.0
42.1
31.8
26.1
12.3
13.8

100.0
43.0
31.1
25.8
12.1
13.7

100.0
42.1
32.7
25.2
12.8
12.4

100.0
43.5
30.6
25.9
13.3
12.5

100.0
44.5
30.6
24.9
12.7
12.2

100.0
45.0
30.5
24.5
12.4
12.1

100.0
45.9
31.1
23.0
11.6
11.4

Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used




in the household survey.

146

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-12. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
White

Total
Employment status, sex, and age

Black

Hispanic origin

I
2000

I
1999

2000

1999

2000

I
1999

I
2000

206,876
138,188
66.8
131,759
2,943
128,816
6,429
4.7
68,688

208,914
140,102
67.1
133,935
3,004
130,931
6,168
4.4
68,812

172,494
115,704
67.1
110,926
2,750
108,176
4,778
4.1
56,790

173,893
117,121
67.4
112,580
2,843
109,737
4,540
3.9
56,773

24,697
16,077
65.1
14,752
123
14,629
1,325
8.2
8,620

25,076
16,467
65.7
15,143
115
15,028
1,324
8.0
8,609

21,355
14,449
67.7
13,436
631
12,805
1,013
7.0
6,906

22.107
15.211
68.8
14,253
698
13,554
958
6.3
6,896

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

99,280
73,713
74.2
70,206
2,160
68,046
3,506
4.8
25,567

100,334
74,671
74.4
71,302
2,174
69,127
3,369
4.5
25,663

83,618
62,795
75.1
60,103
2,013
58,090
2,692
4.3
20,823

84,366
63,449
75.2
60,902
2,042
58,860
2,547
4.0
20,917

11,068
7,511
67.9
6,874
98
6,776
636
8.5
3,557

11.252
7,739
68.8
7,079
92
6,988
659
8.5
3,513

10,575
8,409
79.5
7,893
564
7,329
516
6.1
2,167

10,929
8,835
80.8
8,322
595
7,727
513
5.8
2,094

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

91,176
69,738
76.5
66,898
2,033
64,865
2,840
4.1
21,438

92,098
70,596
76.7
67,844
2,048
65,796
2,752
3.9
21,502

77,154
59,430
77.0
57,225
1,894
55,331
2,205
3.7
17,724

77,860
59,987
77.0
57,928
1,924
56,005
2,059
3.4
17,873

9.854
7,060
71.6
6,577
94
6.483
483
6.8
2,795

10,036
7.297
72.7
6.741
88
6,653
557
7.6
2,738

9,399
7,856
83.6
7,447
531
6,916
409
5.2
1.543

9,730
8,248
84.8
7,838
569
7,270
410
5.0
1,482

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

107,596
64,475
59.9
61,552
783
60,770
2,922
4.5
43.121

108,580
65,432
60.3
62,633
829
61,804
2,799
4.3
43,149

88,875
52,909
59.5
50,822
736
50,086
2,086
3.9
35,967

89,527
53,671
59.9
51,678
801
50,877
1,993
3.7
35,856

13,629
8,566
62.8
7,877
25
7,852
688
8.0
5,063

13,824
8,728
63.1
8,063
23
8,040
665
7.6
5,095

10,780
6,041
56.0
5,543
67
5,476
498
8.2
4,739

11,178
6,376
57.0
5,930
103
5,827
445
7.0
4,802

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

99,755
60,645
60.8
58,236
750
57,486
2,409
4.0
39,110

100,652
61,641
61.2
59,318
796
58,522
2,323
3.8
39,012

82,704
49.681
60.1
47,971
704
47,267
1,711
3.4
33,023

83,308
50.456
60.6
48,806
770
48,036
1,649
3.3
32,852

12,372
8.103
65.5
7,530
25
7,504
573
7.1
4,269

12,564
8.303
66.1
7,747
22
7,725
555
6.7
4,262

9.677
5.593
57.8
5.189
64
5,126
404
7.2
4,084

10,049
5,933
59.0
5.562
99
5,463
371
6.3
4,116

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

15,945
7,805
48.9
6,624
159
6,465
1,180
15.1
8,141

16,164
7,866
48.7
6,773
160
6,613
1,093
13.9
8,298

12.636
6,593
52.2
5,730
151
5,579
863
13.1
6,043

12,726
6,678
52.5
5,846
150
5.696
832
12.5
6,048

2.471
914
37.0
645
4
641
269
29.4
1,557

2,476
867
35.0
655
4
650
212
24.5
1,609

2,279
1,000
43.9
799
36
763
201
20.1
1,279

2,328
1,030
44.3
852
30
822
178
17.3
1,297

1999
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.




Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.

147

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-13. Employment status of the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Hispanic origin1
Employment status, sex, and age

Mexican origin

Puerto Rican origin

C u b a n origin

1
1999

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

2000

1999

2000

1999

2000

1999

2000

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

21,355
14,449
67.7
13,436
631
12,805
1,013
7.0
6,906

22,107
15,211
68.8
14,253
698
13,554
958
6.3
6,896

13,462
9,210
68.4
8,531
572
7,959
679
7.4
4,251

14,210
9.823
69.1
9,178
636
8,542
644
6.6
4,387

1.997
1.234
61.8
1.136
6
1,131
98
7.9
763

2.103
1.385
65.8
1.283
7
1,276
102
7.4
719

1.168
731
62.6
695
8
687
36
5.0
437

1.102
703
638
670
7
663
33
4.8
399

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

10,575
8,409
79.5
7,893
564
7,329
516
6.1
2.167

10,929
8,835
80.8
8,322
595
7,727
513
5.8
2.094

6,917
5,604
81.0
5,244
512
4,732
360
6.4
1,313

7,222
5,920
82.0
5,558
544
5.014
362
6.1
1,302

909
644
70.8
598
5
593
46
7.2
265

972
703
72.4
657
6
650
47
6.6
268

578
430
74.4
409
5
404
21
4.9
148

541
407
75.2
387
6
381
20
4.9
134

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

9,399
7.856
83.6
7,447
531
6,916
409
5.2
1,543

9,730
8,248
84.8
7,838
569
7,270
410
5.0
1,482

6,075
5,194
85.5
4,903
481
4,423
291
5.6
881

6,374
5,495
86.2
5,214
519
4,695
281
5.1
879

820
613
74.8
579
5
574
34
5.6
206

853
661
77.5
623
6
617
37
5.7
192

547
417
76.1
400
5
395
17
4.1
131

517
393
76.0
374
6
368
19
4.7
124

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

10.780
6.041
56.0
5,543
67
5,476
498
8.2
4,739

11.178
6,376
57.0
5,930
103
5,827
445
7.0
4,802

6,544
3.606
55.1
3,288
60
3,227
319
8.8
2,938

6.988
3,903
55.8
3,620
92
3,528
283
7.2
3,086

1,088
590
54.2
539
1
538
51
8.7
498

1,132
681
60.2
626
1
625
55
8.1
451

590
301
51.0
286
3
283
15
5.1
289

560
296
52.8
282
1
282
13
4.6
265

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

9,677
5,593
57.8
5,189
64
5,126
404
7.2
4,084

10,049
5,933
59.0
5,562
99
5,463
371
6.3
4.116

5,784
3,305
57.1
3,050
57
2,992
255
7.7
2,479

6,203
3,599
58.0
3,366
88
3,278
233
6.5
2.604

984
545
55.4
504
1
504
41
7.5
438

1.032
624
60.5
575
1
575
48
7.8
408

572
296
51.8
282
3
279
14
4.8
276

537
286
53.2
276
1
275
9
33
251

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

2,279
1,000
43.9
799
36
763
201
20.1
1,279

2,328
1,030
44.3
852
30
822
178
17.3
1,297

1,602
711
44.4
578
34
544
133
18.7
891

1,634
730
44.7
599
30
569
131
17.9
904

193
75
38.9
53
53
23
29.9
118

219
100
45.8
84
84
16
15.9
119

49
18
(2)
13
13
5
(2)
30

48
25
(2)
19
19
5
(2)
24

TOTAL

1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
* Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.

148

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-14. Employed white, black, and Hispanic-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Category

White

Hispanic origin

Black

I
1999

2000

I
1999

2000

I
1999

2000

I
1999

I
2000

131,759
70,206
61,552

133,935
71,302
62,633

110,926
60,103
50,822

112,580
60,902
51.678

14.752
6,874
7,877

15.143
7,079
8,063

13,436
7,893
5,543

14.253
8,322
5.930

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

39,833
19,297
20,536

40,748
19,909
20,838

34,660
16,964
17,696

35,205
17,439
17,766

3,119
1,473
1,646

3,375
1,532
1,844

2,074
1,114
959

2,096
1,140
956

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

38,751
4,165
15,959
18,627

39,450
4,427
16,135
18,888

32,700
3,484
13,769
15,447

33,261
3,661
14,052
15,549

4,284
432
1,437
2,415

4,392
489
1,334
2,568

3,256
287
1,261
1,707

3,555
310
1,368
1,877

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

17,885
779
2,459
14,647

18,245
844
2,379
15,023

13,763
641
1,895
11,227

14,018
647
1,820
11,552

3,250
105
505
2,640

3.292
144
498
2,650

2,726
244
198
2,284

2,794
226
195
2,373

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Otner precision production, craft, and repair

14,497
4,984
5,611
3,902

14,477
4,791
5,784
3,903

12,796
4,403
5,122
3,270

12,849
4,235
5,258
3,356

1,189
403
370
415

1,173
421
409
343

1,806
475
807
524

2.046
499
954
594

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ...

17,840
7,561
5,245
5,034
827
4,208

17,950
7,336
5,363
5,250
879
4,372

14,290
6,006
4,251
4,032
715
3,317

14,375
5,816
4,319
4,240
750
3,490

2,746
1,100
847
800
91
708

2,782
1,076
901
806
101
704

2,872
1,320
629
923
226
697

3,002
1.341
618
1,043
228
816

2,953

3,065

2,716

2,873

164

128

701

758

1,690
1,223
30

1,782
1,188
34

1,557
1,164
28

1,663
1,146
34

90
33

88
27

576
55

641
57
1

120,085
19,005
101,080
870
100,210
8,611
120

122,236
19,553
102,683
963
101,719
8,600
96

100,388
15,218
85,170
711
84.459
7,685
103

102,050
15,737
86,313
736
85,577
7,607
81

14,117
2,976
11,141
121
11,020
508
4

14,421
3,052
11,369
168
11,200
603
4

12,194
1,462
10,732
259
10,473
607
4

12,945
1,540
11,405
245
11,161
595
14

108.042
23,717

110,243
23,692

90,391
20,535

91,958
20,622

12,563
2,189

13,038
2.105

11,426
2.010

12,266
1.987

SEX
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION

Farming, forestry, and fishing
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers
Part-time workers

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.




Beginning in January 2000. data reflect revised population controls used in
the household data.

149

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-15. Employed Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and full- or part-time
status
(In thousands)
Total Hispanic
origin1

Mexican origin

Puerto Rican
origin

Cuban origin

Category
I
1999

2000

13,436
7,893
5,543

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

1999

2000

I
1999

2000

14,253
8,322
5,930

8,531
5,244
3,288

9,178
5,558
3,620

1,136
598
539

1,283
657
626

695
409
286

670
387
282

2,074
1,114
959

2,096
1,140
956

1,039
559
479

1,148
648
500

237
127
110

233
113
120

218
122
96

173
100
74

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

3,256
287
1,261
1,707

3,555
310
1,368
1,877

1,882
161
729
992

2,108
178
814
1,116

339
24
129
186

454
43
160
251

218
28
83
106

225
19
103
102

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

2,726
244
198
2,284

2,794
226
195
2,373

1,733
123
133
1,477

1,766
127
106
1,533

223
3
31
189

233
5
37
191

86
3
4
79

88
5
9
73

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

1,806
475
807
524

2,046
499
954
594

1,255
295
595
365

1,425
287
709
429

118
43
45
30

141
63
43
35

71
29
24
19

79
30
29
20

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

2,872
1,320
629
923
226
697

3,002
1,341
618
1,043
228
816

1,991
904
421
666
184
482

2,049
926
368
755
174
581

206
100
47
59
6
52

213
91
55
67
7
60

98
40
31
27
1
26

98
42
24
32
5
27

701

758

633

683

576
55

641
57
1

527
46

586
50
1

1999

2000

SEX
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION

Farming, forestry, and fishing

13

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

12,194
1,462
10,732
259
10,473
607
4

12,945
1,540
11,405
245
11,161
595
14

7,606
913
6,694
134
6,560
350
3

8,185
1.021
7,164
141
7,022
344
13

1.094
183
911
4
907
36
1

1,239
188
1,051
6
1,045
37

659
82
576
5
571
28

616
75
541
6
535
47

11.426
2,010

12,266
1,987

7,275
1,256

7,955
1,223

961
175

1.093
190

604
91

584
86

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers
Part time workers

1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.




NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.

150

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-16. Employed persons by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(in thousands)
Total

Total. 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men,

16 years and over

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Hispanic origin

I
1999

2000

1999

I
2000

112,580

14,752

15,143

13,436

14,253

5,730
2,173
3,557
10,431
94,765
79,839
14,926

5,846
2,196
3,649
10,765
95,969
80,548
15,421

645
215
430
1,464
12,642
11,289
1,353

655
224
431
1,581
12,907
11,439
1,468

799
198
602
1,832
10,804
9,727
1,077

852
262
591
1,942
11,458
10,340
1,118

71,302

60,103

60,902

6,874

7,079

7,893

8,322

3,308
1,236
2,073
6,496
60,402
51,057
9,345

3,457
1,309
2.149
6,760
61,084
51,446
9,638

2,878
1,090
1,788
5,563
51,662
43.331
8,331

2,974
1,114
1,860
5,743
52,185
43,586
8.598

297
98
199
625
5,952
5,333
619

339
126
213
721
6,020
5,339
681

446
95
351
1,090
6.357
5,716
641

484
148
335
1.185
6,654
5.993
661

61,552

62,633

50,822

51,678

7,877

8,063

5,543

5,930

3,316
1,248
2,068
6,004
52,232
44,660
7.572

3,315
1,223
2,092
6,150
53,167
45,299
7,869

2,852
1,083
1,768
4,868
43,103
36,508
6.595

2,872
1,083
1,789
5,022
43,784
36,962
6.822

348
117
231
839
6,690
5,956
735

316
98
218
860
6,887
6,100
787

353
103
251
742
4,447
4,011
436

369
113
255
758
4,804
4,347
457

1999

2000

I
1999

2000

131.759

133,935

110,926

6,624
2,483
4,141
12,501
112,634
95,717
16,917

6,773
2.532
4,240
12,911
114,251
96,744
17,507

70,206

N O T E : Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population




Black

White

Age and sex

controls used in the household survey.

151

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-17. Unemployment rates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin

White

Total
Age and sex

Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

NOTE:

I
1999

I
1999

2000

2000

1999

Hispanic origin

2000

I
1999

2000

4.7

4.4

4.1

3.9

8.2

8.0

7.0

6.3

15.1
17.8
13.4
8.0
3.6
3.6
3.1

13.9
16.0
12.6
8.1
3.3
3.4
3.1

13.1
16.0
11.2
6.9
3.2
3.2
3.0

12.5
15.2
10.7
6.7
3.0
3.0
2.9

294
32.3
27.9
15.1
5.9
6.1
4.3

24.5
25.2
24.1
16.4
5.8
6.0
4.3

20.1
28.5
16.9
8.9
5.5
5.7
4.4

17.3
21.5
15.2
8.2
5.C
5.0
5.6

4.8

4.5

4.3

4.0

8.5

8.5

6.1

5.8

16.8
19.4
15.1
8.4
3.6
3.6
3.3

15.1
17.2
13.8
8.3
3.4
3.4
3.1

14.5
17.0
12.9
7.3
3.3
3.3
3.1

14.1
16.4
12.7
6.8
3.1
3.1
3.0

34.1
38.5
31.6
16.9
5.6
5.7
4.7

23.2
25.8
21.7
18.9
6.1
6.3
4.2

19.3
31.6
15.2
7.7
4.8
4.8
4.6

17.6
22.0
15.5
7.6
4.5
4.3
5.9

4.5

4.3

3.9

3.7

8.0

7.6

8.2

70

13.4
16.1
11.7
7.6
3.5
3.6
2.9

12.6
14.7
11.3
7.8
3.3
3.3
3.0

11.6
15.0
9.5
6.5
3.1
3.1
2.8

10.7
14.0
8.6
6.7
2.9
2.9
2.7

24.9
26.0
24.3
13.8
6.2
6.4
3.9

25.8
24.5
26.3
14.3
5.6
5.8
4.4

21.0
25.3
19.1
10.6
6.6
6.9
4.1

16.8
20.7
15.0
9.1
5.8
5.9
5.0

Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population




Black

controls used in the household survey.

152

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-18. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Reasons

White

Hispanic origin

Black

I
1999

2000

I
1999

2000

I
1999

2000

6,429
3,145
1,190
1,955
1,326
629
758
2,085
441

6,168
2,967
1,094
1.873
1,244
629
793
2,049
358

4,778
2,448
1,026
1,422
972
451
605
1,438
287

4,540
2,268
915
1.353
902
451
598
1,433
241

1,325
559
124
435
289
146
121
524
120

1,324
580
140
440
279
161
155
500
89

1,013
517
199
318
195
123
98
310

958
470
168
302
171
131
86
313
90

48.9
18.5
30.4
11.8
32.4
6.9

48.1
17.7
30.4
12.9
33.2
5.8

51.2
21.5
29.8
12.7
30.1
6.0

49.9
20.1
29.8
13.2
31.6
5.3

42.2
9.4
32.8
9.2
39.5
9.1

43.8
10.6
33.2
11.7
37.8
6.7

51.0
19.7
31.4
9.7
30.6
8.7

49.0
17.5
31.5
8.9
32.7
9.4

2.3
.5
1.5
.3

2.1
.6
1.5
.3

2.1
.5
1.2
.2

1.9
.5
1.2
.2

3.5
.8
3.3
.7

3.5
.9
3.0
.5

3.6
.7
2.1
.6

I
1999

I
2000

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-orgin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.




3 •
6
2.1
.6

Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the
household survey.

153

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-19. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total

Black

White

Duration

Hispanic origin

1999

2000

I
1999

2000

I
1999

2000

I
1999

6,429
2,560
2.236
1,632
856
776

6,168
2,676
2,060
1,431
747
683

4,778
2,000
1,694
1,084
601
484

4,540
2,048
1,531
961
523
437

1,325
447
429
449
204
245

1,324
510
418
397
181
216

1,013
396
368
249
130
120

958
403
318
238
104
133

13.6
7.3

12.8
6.5

12.3
6.8

11.9
5.8

17.6
9.2

15.7
8.2

13.5
7.5

14.2
6.7

100.0
39.8
34.8
25.4
13.3
12.1

100.0
43.4
33.4
23.2
12.1
11.1

100.0
41.9
35.5
22.7
12.6
10.1

100.0
45.1
33.7
21.2
11.5
9.6

100.0
33.8
32.4
33.9
15.4
18.5

100.0
38.5
31.5
30.0
13.7
16.3

100.0
39.0
36.3
24.6
12.8
11.8

100.0
42.1
33.2
24.8
10.9
13.9

2000

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.




Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.

154

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-20. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings

Characteristic
I
1999

I
2000

95,648

98,223

$538

$575

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over

54,054
5,888
48,167

55,088
6,109
48,979

612
360
655

649
369
697

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over

41,593
4,336
37,257

43,135
4,659
38,476

468
331
488

488
341
511

White
Men
Women

79,295
45,914
33,380

81,205
46,579
34,625

560
629
477

590
672
497

Black
Men
Women

11,935
5,735
6,201

12,331
5,900
6,430

443
483
408

459
496
422

Hispanic origin
Men
Women

10,620
6,702
3,917

11,423
7,096
4,328

387
407
348

395
419
355

1999

2000

SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population




groups. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.

155

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-21. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings

Characteristic
I
1999

I
2000

I
1999

21,671

21,222

$158

$164

6,672
3,619
3,052

6,824
3,867
2,957

149
117
206

153
123
207

14,999
4,818
10,180

14,398
4,633
9,765

163
113
197

170
123
200

White
Men
Women

18,710
5,628
13,082

18,301
5,724
12,576

160
149
164

165
152
171

Black
Men
Women

2,119
731
1,388

1,997
711
1,286

149
146
150

158
150
163

Hispanic origin
Men
Women

1,939
667
1,272

1,896
640
1,256

157
154
158

175
183
170

2000

SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population




groups. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.

156

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-22. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex
Number of workers
(in thousands)

Median weekly earnings

Occupation and sex

I

I

I

1
1999

2000

30,209
14,846
15,362
26,629
3,391
9,235
14,003
10,725
399
2,135
8,191
11.804
4,419
3,954
3,431
15,015
7,116
4,237
3,662
1,267

31,508
15,433
16,074
27,980
3,726
9,753
14,500
10,529
318
1,976
8,235
11.945
4,160
4,221
3,564
14,756
6,464
4,407
3,885
1,506

$776
768
784
483
615
524
441
341
235
571
315
588
619
554
580
421
414
497
361
320

$827
820
833
505
637
558
467
357
258
619
329
608
660
593
566
445
428
528
378
320

15,268
7,799
7,470
10,194
1,680
5,205
3,309
5,227
20
1,810
3,397
10,810
4,246
3,891
2,674
11,476
4,592
3,898
2,985
1,079

15,959
7,986
7,973
10,701
1,930
5,342
3,429
5,143
17
1,676
3,450
10,869
4,023
4,128
2,717
11,144
4,087
4,028
3,029
1,273

939
949
929
618
706
646
524
406
1
( )
$589
335
603
621
557
634
460
479
508
370
337

976
981
972
661
747
679
588
418
1
( )
$646
359
623
660
595
624
488
495
548
395
329

14,940
7,048
7,893
16,435
1,711
4,030
10,694
5,498
379
325
4,794
994
173
63
758
3,539
2,523
338
677
188

15,549
7,447
8,102
17,279
1,796
4,412
11,071
5,386
301
300
4,785
1,076
137
92
847
3,612
2,377
379
855
233

662
633
694
427
520
404
421
306
230
495
304
413
544
(1)
$381
329
331
367
312
261

702
674
725
446
524
410
443
317
251
507
314
421
644
(1)
$402
348
349
399
320
279

1999

2000

TOTAL
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Men
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Women
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1

Data not shown where base is less than 100,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population




controls used in the household survey.

157

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-23. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Employed

Total

Unemployed

Veteran status and age
1999

Percent of
labor force

Number

2000
1999

2000

1999

2000

I
1999

2000

I
1999

2000

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over

7,782
5,692
590
1,995
3,107
2,090

7,753
5,155
395
1.666
3.095
2,598

6,474
5,048
524
1.788
2,736
1,426

6,282
4,498
357
1,465
2,676
1,784

6,246
4,877
491
1,720
2.665
1.369

6,122
4,379
337
1,434
2,608
1,743

229
172
32
68
71
57

160
119
20
31
69
41

3.5
3.4
6.2
3.8
2.6
4.0

2.6
2.6
5.5
2.1
2.6
2.3

20,827
9,336
7,092
4,400

21,964
9,505
7,631
4,828

18,922
8,648
6,456
3,819

19,918
8,787
6,923
4,209

18,310
8,374
6,233
3,703

19,308
8,511
6,730
4,067

612
273
222
116

611
276
193
142

3.2
3.2
3.4
3.0

3.1
3.1
2.8
3.4

NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect
revised population controls used in the household survey.

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces
between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who have




158

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAVES
D-24. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Veterans
Employment status and age

Hispanic origin

Black

White

Nonveterans

I
2000

White

1999

2000

1999

2000

I
1999

5,044
4,511
4,362
149
3.3

4,577
4,033
3,930
103
2.6

510
431
415
16
3.7

480
384
373
11
2.9

248
215
213
2
1.1

479
430
406
24
5.6

329
297
282
15
5.0

87
79
73
6
7.1

58
53
49
4
7.8

32
28
28

20
18
18

7,921
7,423
7,202
221
3.0

1,759
1,583
1,520
63
4.0

1,425
1,281
1,253
28
2.2

190
168
163
5
2.8

205
156
154
3
1.8

92
79
76
2
3.0

75
62
58
4
6.5

2,806
2.498
2,436
62
2.5

2,824
2,455
2,395
60
2.5

233
185
179
6
3.2

218
174
170
4
2.5

125
109
109

136
122
122

Black

Hispanic origin

2000

1999

2000

I
1999

I
2000

230 17,601 18.528
201 16,208 17.006
197 15,713 16,535
4
495
470
2.0
3.1
2.8

2,189
1,779
1,687
93
5.2

2,304
1,895
1,784
111
5.9

2.076
1,852
1,769
84
4.5

2,165
1,943
1,855
88
4.5

8,067
7,535
7,315
220
2.9

955
802
759
43
5.4

1,004
852
805
47
5.5

920
842
811
31
3.7

955
886
838
48
5.5

6,005
5,538
5,360
178
3.2

6,489
5,958
5,811
147
2.5

768
627
591
36
5.7

772
633
595
38
6.0

682
595
558
36
6.1

656
580
563
17
3.0

3,675
3,246
3,151
96
2.9

3,972
3.513
3,410
103
2.9

466
350
336
14
4.0

528
410
383
26
6.4

474
416
399
17
4.0

553
477
454
23
4.8

1999

Total, 40 to 54 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
40 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
45 to 49 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
50 to 54 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

NOTE. Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who
have never served in the Armed Forces. Detail for the above race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"




group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and
black population groups. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.

159

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the U.S. Census Bureau for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample
of about 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996
data) located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to
represent all counties and independent cities in the United
States, with coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 12th of the
month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series are based on payroll
reports from a sample of about 390,000 establishments
employing about 48 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who
receive pay during the payroll period which includes the
12th of the month.

Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of variations in definitions and coverage, source
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
data series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage
and salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides
information on the work status of the population without
duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are obtained only from the household
survey, whereas detailed industrial classifications are much
more reliably derived from establishment reports.




Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
160

Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.

employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the payroll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage and
salary workers in all occupations and industries in both the
private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings
received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data from
the establishment survey generally refer to average earnings of production and related workers in mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES

Statistics on manufacturers and business, U.S. Census
Bureau. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ
from employment counts derived by the U.S. Census Bureau
from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and
business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central
administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial
classification of establishments; and different reporting
patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences
in the scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of
Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and
financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.




County Business Patterns, U.S. Census Bureau. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and churches, are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.

161

Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)

COLLECTION AND COVERAGE

Each employed person is counted only once, even if he
or she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.

Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the U.S. Census Bureau
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference
week." Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week, referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted
but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are
not at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other
reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey
that ranges between 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000
occupied units, there are about 9,000 sample units in an
average month which are visited but found to be vacant or
otherwise not eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample
is changed each month. The rotation plan, as will be
explained later, provides for three-fourths of the sample to
be common from one month to the next, and one-half to be
common with the same month a year earlier.

Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs,
who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the
labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New
entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a proportion
of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four rates
thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
(For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers" and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined into a
single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed
for the separate categories.)

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions
(e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and
who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers
in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b)
all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of
vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity
or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training,
or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they
were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.




162

following categories: Private and government wage and
salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class
of worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond
that their businesses are incorporated are included among
wage and salary workers, because technically, they are
paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers
are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week
or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member
of the household to whom they are related by birth or
marriage.

Job seekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.

Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held
a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. Excluded are self-employed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.

Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.

Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off
on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even though they were paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the published
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each
job and for usual hours.

Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the
population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on
their desire for and availability to take a job at the time of
the CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and
reason for not looking in the 4-week period prior to the survey week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined
as persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.

At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, this category refers to
individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to
34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand.
Those who usually work part time must also indicate that
they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons.
At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group
includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.

Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information for the employed applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours.
The unemployed are classified according to their last job.
The occupational and industrial classification of CPS data
is based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.
The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the




Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
163

exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context, full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work
less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the
number of hours worked in the reference week. This may
include some individuals who actually worked more than
34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who are
temporarily absent from work. The full-time labor force includes all employed persons who usually work full time and
unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time
work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time
labor force consists of employed persons who usually work
part time and unemployed persons who are seeking or are
on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for fulland part-time workers are calculated using the concepts of
the/w//-and part-time labor force.

employed persons regardless of whether or not their
business's were incorporated) who usually work full time
on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living
apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on
duty with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in
families maintained by either men or women without a
spouse.

White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data
for "other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic
origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black
population groups.

Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is
one in which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent.

Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons
who never served in the Armed Forces.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:

Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than
half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding all self-




• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with
the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization.
164

e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.

• In 1953, The current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The
new system provided some year-to-year overlap in the
sample, thereby improving measurement over time.

f) New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.

• In 1955, The survey reference week was changed to
the calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.

• In 1994, Major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major
changes to the survey were:

• In 1957, The employment definition was modified slightly
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they
were waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30
days of interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the
unemployed classification. The only exception was the small
subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to
start new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.

a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant
information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.
b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the
definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currently looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none
for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a
job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
during the reference week (a direct question on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definition of discouraged workers was too subjective,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior testing of the labor market.

• In 1967, More substantive changes were made as a
result of the recommendations of the President's Committee to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics
(the Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were
as follows:
a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job search
methods.
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until June or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.

c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part
time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually
work part time: They must want and be available for fulltime work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Persons who usually work full time but worked part time for an
economic reason during the reference week are assumed to
meet these criteria.)

c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.
d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.




d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff.
To be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must ex-

165

pect to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.

Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional
population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but
had little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years
and over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February
1974 issue of this publication.

e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the
refugees increased the black-and-other population by less
than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes
being confined to the "other" component of the population.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions, and
methods made over the years, other changes have also affected the comparability of the labor force data.

• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in
January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.

• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by
interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that
the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.

• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.
• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and
employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000;
unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.

• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind
the change and an indication of the differences appear in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.

• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,
which affected the white and black-and-other groups but
had little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a
lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,
and the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000.




• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the Feb166

• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.

ruary 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used also is described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.

• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, were
introduced into the second stage estimation procedure. This
change resulted in substantial increases in total population
and in all major labor force categories. Effective February
1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for
1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1
million, employment by about 880,000, and unemployment
by approximately 175,000. The overall unemployment rate
rose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March
1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.

• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.

• Beginning in January 1997, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect updated information on the demographic characteristics of immigrants to, and emigrants from, the United
States. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was raised by about 470,000. The labor
force and employment levels were increased by about
320,000 and 290,000, respectively. The Hispanic-origin
population and labor force estimates were raised by about
450,000 and 250,000, respectively, and Hispanic employment by 325,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation were
not affected. An explanation of the changes and their effect
on national labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in
the February 1997 issue of this publication.

• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue
of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight
effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were
revised back to January 1980.
• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the
total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised
by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by
about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor
force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,
respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes
and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.




• Beginning in January 1998, new composite estimation
procedures and minor revisions in the population controls
were introduced into the household survey. The new composite estimation procedures simplify processing of the
monthly labor force data at BLS, allow users of the survey
microdata to replicate more easily the official estimates released by BLS, and increase the reliability of the employment and labor force estimates. The new procedures also
produce somewhat lower estimates of the civilian labor force
and employment and slightly higher estimates of
unemployment. For example, based on 1997 annual average data, using old and new composite weights, the differences were as follows: Civilian labor force (-229,000),
total employed (-256,000), and total unemployed (+27,000).
Unemployment rates were not significantly affected.
Also beginning in January 1998, the population controls

167

used in the survey were revised to reflect new estimates of
legal immigration to the U.S. and a change in the method for
projecting the emigration of foreign-born legal residents. As
a result, the Hispanic-origin population was raised by about
57,000; however, the total civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was essentially unchanged. More detailed
information on these changes and their effect on the estimates
of labor force change and composition appear in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998," in
the February 1998 issue of this publication.

years nor between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were
not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the
changes in the occupational classification system, see
"Revisions in Occupational Classifications for 1971" and
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey" in the
February 1971 and February 1972 issues, respectively, of
this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."

• Beginning in January 1999, the population controls used
in the survey were revised to reflect newly updated information on immigration. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over was raised by about
310,000. The impact of the changes varied for different
demographic groups. The civilian noninstitutional population for men 16 years and over was lowered by about 185,000
while that for women was increased by about 490,000. The
Hispanic-origin population was lowered by about 165,000
while that of persons of non-Hispanic origin was raised by
about 470,000. Overall labor force and employment levels
were increased by about 60,000 each while the Hispanic
labor and employment estimates were reduced by about
225,000 and 215,000, respectively. The changes had only a
small impact on overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on national
labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 1999" in the February
1999 issue of this publication.

The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the
new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical
comparability than did the new occupational system. The
most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale"
trade, postal service from "public administration" to "transportation," and some interchange between "professional and
related services" and "public administration." Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and industrial
classification systems appears in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based
on the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between
the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within
the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.
The most notable changes in industry classification were the
shift of several industries from "business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into
smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titles
were changed as well, with no change in content.

• Beginning in January 2000, the population controls used
in the survey were revised to reflect newly updated information on immigration and an upward revision in the number of deaths. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over was lowered by about 215,000.
The labor force and employment levels were decreased by
about 125,000 and 120,000, respectively. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates and other percentages of labor
market participation were not significantly affected. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on national
labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 2000" in the February
2000 issue of this publication.

Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to
major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these
changes, meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971 -72 and prior




Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is
traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made to improve the efficiency of the
sample design, increase the reliability of the sample estimates, or control cost.

168

ment estimates for California, Florida, New York, and
Texas, for example, carry a CV of less than 4 percent.
In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters composed of about four housing units each are selected.
Each month, about 59,000 housing units are assigned for
data collection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and
thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to
be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere,
or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units,
about 6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due
to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make
contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is obtained each month for about 94,000 persons 16
years of age or older.

Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: When
Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,
respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing
sample to account for the population of these States. In
January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units,
selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs),
which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new Statebased CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census
information. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households
was implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the 8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned
CPS sample based on the 1990 decennial census was
selected for use during the 1990s. Households from this new
sample were phased into the CPS between April 1994 and
July 1995. The July 1995 sample was the first monthly
sample based entirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the 1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the
Sample for the Current Population Survey" in the May 1994
issue of this publication.
The original 1990 census-based sample design included
about 66,000 housing units per month located in 792
selected geographic areas called primary sampling units
(PSUs). The sample was initially selected to meet specific
reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of
New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability
criteria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,
given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)
of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the
standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate,
expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a
6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
The current sample design, introduced in January 1996,
includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areas
and maintains a 1.9-percent C V on national monthly estimates
of unemployment level. This translates into a change of 0.2
percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant
at a 90-percent confidence level. For each of the 50 States and
for the District of Columbia, the design maintains a CV of at
most 8-percent on the annual average estimate of
unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate.
Due to the national reliability criterion, estimates for several
large States are substantially more reliable than the State
design criterion requires. Annual average unemploy-




Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSUs). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous counties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSUs. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an
individual county is too large. Combining counties to form
PSUs provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes
urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed
without undue travel cost.
The 2,007 PSUs are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSUs in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally
the most populous PSUs in each State. The 326 remaining
strata are formed by combining PSUs that are similar in
such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons
employed in various industries, and average monthly wages
for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected
from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it
represents not only itself but the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For
example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a
population of 50,000 would be selected for the sample is
twice that for a PSU having a population of 25,000.
Selection of sample households. Because the sample design is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and
depends on State population size as well as both national
169

and State reliability requirements. The State sampling
ratios range roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in
every 3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is
modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively
constant given the overall growth of the population. The
sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the
probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio
for the State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in 10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,000, a withinPSU sampling ratio of 1 in 300 achieves the desired ratio of
1 in 3,000 for the stratum.
The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed using block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 census was the first decennial census that produced data at the
block level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocks
are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, minor civil
division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and
be quite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be
several square miles in size.
For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks were
grouped into three strata: Unit, group quarters, and area.
(Occasionally, units within a block were split between the
unit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum contained
regular housing units with addresses that were easy to locate (e.g., most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobile homes). The group
quarters stratum contained housing units where residents
shared common facilities or received formal or authorized
care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks
with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks
exist primarily in rural areas.
To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to
ensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blocks
within the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sorted
using geographic and block-level data from the census.
Examples of the census variables used for sorting include
proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sorting variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)
and stratum.
Within each block, housing units were sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.
A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected
independently from each stratum using the appropriate withinPSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sample
units reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate the particular sample addresses in the group quarters and area blocks.
Units in the three strata described above all existed at the
time of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of additional procedures, a sample of building permits is included
in the CPS to represent housing units built after the decen-




nial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sample
up-to-date and representative of the population. It also helps
to keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,
the addition of newly built housing units compensates for
the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use.
Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group
is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,
one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month,
and so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is
common from month to month and 50 percent from year to
year for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of change
and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without
burdening any specific group of households with an unduly
long period of inquiry.
CPS sample, 1947 to present.
Table 1-A provides a
description of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in
use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of
the CPS sample design appears in The Current Population
Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40,
Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in
Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the 1990 census-based sample design appears in
"Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May 1994 issue of this publication.

ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the same
State have had the same probability of selection. Some selection probabilities may differ within a State due to the
sample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,
for example, which is carried out when areas selected for
the sample are found to contain many more households than
expected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ for
some sample areas within a State. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities
are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;
data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.

170

Table 1-A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present
Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
April 1989toOct. 1994 3
Nov. 1994 to Aug.1995 4
Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995
Jan. 1996 to present

Households eligible

Number of sample
areas

Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400
54,500
52,900
46,800

68
230
330
2
333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
792
792
754
1

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600
3,500
3,400
3,200

Households visited
but not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800
10,000
9,700
9,000

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.

3
The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
4
Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia
that were gradually phased in during the 10-month period, October 1994August1995.

/ . Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to account for occupied sample
households for which no information was obtained because
of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas
that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.
Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is
split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each
non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence
categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,
vacation, etc.

that are not self-representing and for those States that have
a substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1990 census between 1) the race distribution
of the population in sample PSUs and 2) the race distribution of all PSUs (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing
PSUs).
b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercover age. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1)51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the
sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of
these population characteristics. This is accomplished
through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:

2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.
The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident
population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Esti-

a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSUs rather
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSUs




171

mates of net census undercount, determined from the Post
Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on
earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census
undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to
make population projections is given in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation
plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates
varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates
From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census population (adjusted for census undercount). It is known that the
CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic
origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men than for
women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races
than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent age-sexrace-origin population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent
that missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics than interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S.
Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical
Policy and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey:
An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro,
Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April
1973; and in The Current Population Survey\ Design
and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. This last
document includes a comprehensive discussion of various

3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to
account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample
estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by
unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth
months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates
obtained for the other months.
The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many




172

Table 1 -B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)

sources of errors and describes attempts to measure them in
the CPS.
Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a
given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample
estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that
include the true population value with known probabilities.
If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard
error calculated for each sample, then:

Category
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the true population value.

3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two
standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors
for all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. It is important to
keep in mind that standard errors computed from these methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some
kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise
value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errors
for years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated by
adjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.

216
235
161

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

194
206
97

164
174
113

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

219
224
91

165
171
105

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

97
96
62

95
95
81

138
140
66

101
105
76

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

78
71
43

69
72
50

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

98
97
44

73
74
51

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

40
35
32

42
37
37

130
134
63

91
107
73

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPS
data may be found in previous issues of this publication.
Tables 1 -B through 1 -H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1 -D and 1 -E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are

1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standard
errors by 0.96.
2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standard
errors by 1.17.
3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errors
by 1.44.




293
312
145

Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.

Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level

173

Table 1-C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

terly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes
of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G,and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.

Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level
0.11
.15
.14
.16
.16
.74
.11
.45
.50
.15
.18
.54

0.13
.18
.17
.19
.19
.97
.13
.53
.59
.18
.22
.64

Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These table provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in
levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables 1 -B and 1 -C, refer to either tables 1 -D and 1 E or tables 1-F and 1-G.

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial,
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical..
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective service
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

.20
.20
.45
.30
.25
1.75
.67

.24
.23
.54
.36
.30
2.08
.80

.38
.34

.45
.40

.49
.55

.58
.66

.73
.73

.87
.87

.13
.25
1.39
.68
.26
.32
.42
.15

.15
.30
1.65
.81
.31
.38
.50
.18

.42
.27
.19
.21
1.18

.50
.32
.23
.25
1.40

Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 219,000 is given in table 1-B in the
row, "Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, as
shown by these data, would then be the interval from
53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true labor
force level lies within this interval would be correct for
roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of
the monthly estimates.
Tables 1 -F and 1 -G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1 -F and 1 -G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.
Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard
errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quar-




174

Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1-F and 1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.
Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months
the estimated number of employed persons changed from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level
of the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the

Table 1 -D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000...
2,000 ...
4,000 ...
6,000 ...
8,000 ...
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000

12
18
41
62
96
157
216
273
330

Black

13
18
39
55
76

Total or
white

12
17
38
54
76
107
131
150
167
201
228

Black

Hispanic
origin

Total

White

13
18
39
54
74
96
106
108
101

13
19
42
59
82
113

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
151
168
202
229
271
302
324
340
350
354
349
322
267

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
150
167
201
227
267
296
315
327
333
333
313
264
159

Black

13
18
39
55
76
103
120
131
137
137
113

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000....
2,000 ....
4,000 ....
6,000 ....
8,000 ....
10,000 ..
15,000 ..
20,000 ..
30,000 ..
40,000 ..
50,000 ..
60,000 ..
70,000 ..
80,000 ..
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000




14
19
43
59
78
95
94
73

Black

12
17
37
52
72

Total or
white

14
20
46
64
89
124
148
166
180
204
215

Black

Hispanic
origin

16
22
50
69
95
127

15
21
46
63
84
104
106
92
47

175

Total

White

Black

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
15
33
45
62
84
97
104
108
100
58

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
12
17
37
51
70
93
105
110
110
79

10
14
31
43
59
78
89
94
95
76

force (x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white").
Use the formula to compute an approximate standard error
on the estimate of 6,000,000.

table 1-E column titled "Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Total," it is necessary to find the standard errors corresponding to the two
monthly level entries between which the value 116,150,000
lies. The standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given
as 274,000, and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolation to
find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.
246,000

a = -0.000017962

Sx = V(-0-000017962X6,000,000)2 + (2957.13X6,000,000) = 131,000

Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1 -G ("Unemployment: Total or white, Total, men, women"). Use the formula to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated change of 200,000.

120,000,000 -100,000,000

Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
698,000 to 1,502,000.

a = -0.000093662
Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.
Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly
estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed
full time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly
estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1 -G. Not all categories in table 1 -G, however, are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in
table 1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected
from the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows
not specifying correlation.
Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, s x , of an estimated monthly level, x, can be
obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the
parameters from table I -F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be usea to approximate
the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change
in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive
months and use the parameters from table 1-G.

b = 4191.84

Sx = ^-(0.0000 93662)(6,100,000)2 +(4191.84X6,100,000) = 149,000

An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from
-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result
can also be expressed by saying that the apparent change
of 200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence
level.
Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons, or
the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to the
numerator. The approximate standard error, sy p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the
following formula, where y is the estimated number of
persons in the base.

Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2529.99 from table 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force

sx - V ax2 + bx
Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an
estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor




2957.13

176

Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels

2690.59
(33X100-33) = 1.0 percent
5,650,000

Characteristic

It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.
If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed women;
thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would
have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of two rows in table 1 -G could have been
applied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Both
sexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it is
not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to
choose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives a
more conservative estimate of standard error.

Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total1
Men1
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-0.000017682
-.000032770
-.000029553
-.000171805

2985.26
2764.05
2529.99
2544.62

-.000020028
White1
-.000036840
Men
-.000033710
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .... -.000204195

2984.72
2766.67
2526.82
2549.88

Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....

-.000125300
-.000302096
-.000182509
-.001294516

3139.26
2930.79
2637.41
2949.48

Hispanic origin

-.000206380

3895.71

Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding women and 16-to19 year olds

.000005931

828.79

Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D,
or 1 -F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly
or yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in
monthly estimates. Table 1-H gives factors that can be used
to convert standard errors for monthly levels into standard
errors for other time periods and changes over time. Follow
these three basic steps:

Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

.000782035
.000858136

3048.57
2825.09

-.000024885

2582.39

Black

-.000134884

3154.76

.011857446

2894.85

.015736341

1702.50

-.000017962
-.000212109
-.000101820

2957.13
3149.77
3576.47

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.

Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
1

Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1D or 1 -F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.

Excludes not-in-labor-force data.

data other than agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:
2529.99
5,600,000

Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or
on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2
by the appropriate factor from table 1 -H.

(32X100-32) = 1.0 percent
Illustration.
Suppose that standard errors are desired
for a quarterly average of black employment levels and
for the change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For
each successive month of the first quarter, suppose the
levels are observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and
11,700,000.

Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b = 2690.59 from table 1 -G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment: Total or white, Women:
Low correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as
follows.




Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1 -F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use the
177

Table 1 -G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics1
Low correlation characteristics1

-0.000012482
-.000009288
-.000016162

2001.12
1564.84
2550.56

Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000022599
-.000016814
-.000058387

1921.13
1500.99
2668.56

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000021229
-.000059785

1689.99
2690.59

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000186555

2616.54

Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000098960
-.001928030

2147.36
6513.82

Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000234427
-.002881467

2280.03
5829.60

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000156363
-.002311407

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.001288452

1860.78
5420.13
3131.77

-.000157201
-.000102898
-.002624078
-.000248038

2774.53
1930.51
8620.43
2347.42

-.000398909
-.000338741

3615.62
2569.69

Total or white:
Total
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000395757
-.000672985
.000130289

3838.04
3959.25
2367.00

Black:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000122355
-.019110769

2861.72
5876.77

.002872129
.002884390
-.000245791

4640.81
4028.10

Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics ...

-.000093662
-.000071624

4191.84
5121.75

Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics

-.000414217
.000048170

4361.16
3088.91

Hispanic origin:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics ...

-.000252897
-.000996431

5054.25
7037.75

Hispanic origin:
Total
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over; 20 years and over; and both sexes,
16 to 19 years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Self-employed

2091.57

2

Unemployment:

2
High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers; manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation
characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed
for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.

1
High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid family
workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.




178

Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.
The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.

formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.
a = -0.000125300

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate
for a single month.

b - 3139.26

S x = 7(-O.OOOl253OO)(l l,6OO,OOO)2 +(3139.26)(11,600,000) = 140,000

S x = ^(-O.OOO 125300)0 l,400,000)2 +(3139.26)0 1,400,000) = 140,000

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1 -H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table
1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.

Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.

The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.

Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

0.92
.82
.78
.80

0.70
.84
.88
.80

0.79
.57
.49
.59

0.70
.70
.70
.70

1.40
1.40

.74
.67

.88
.88

.46
.42

.65
.54

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

.87
.87
.87
.79
.82

.85
.84
.80
.88
.90

.65
.65
.65
.54
.51

.70
.70
.70
.70
.60

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time




179

Establishment Data
("B" tables)
COLLECTION

graphic stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments.

BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies
in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). This sample includes about
390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large number
of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable
industry and geographic detail are prepared and published
each month. Historical statistics are available at httpAVstats.
bls.gov, the BLS Internet site.
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates
from selected respondents through computer-assisted
interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition
technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their
payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of
tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well
as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the
respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to
the respondent for use again the following month.
The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle
design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data
covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the
relationship of the current data to the data for the previous
months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved
by entering the identification codes and the address of the
reporter only once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information
provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited
again by computer to detect processing and reporting errors
which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the
edited data are used to prepare national estimates.
It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geo-




CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or
activity determined from information on annual sales volume. Since January 1980, this information is collected on
a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax
reports filed by employers. For an establishment making
more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included
under the industry indicated by the principal product or
activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the
Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States
and areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in accordance with the 7987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC), Office of Management and
Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government,
refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay
for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th day
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff,
on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or
who were hired but have not yet reported during the
period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span.
180

Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on
whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or
an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average
value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing employment. The margin between the percent that
increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the
difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100
minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment (65-( 100-65) = 30). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged
components when computing the index.)

by members of the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not
above the working supervisory level) such as office and
clerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers,
attendants, line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors,
guards, and other employees at similar occupational levels
whose services are closely associated with those of the
employees listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time
production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before
deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses
(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other
pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive
pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other
payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.

Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.

Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during
the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid
are excluded.

Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations.

Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is
different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.

Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the
site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs
(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed




Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig181

ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates
are the product of average weekly hours and production
worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher
levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.

covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread
the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of
the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.

Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month to month. Such
factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover
may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on
average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level
also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in
both the previous and current months.

Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for
the industry group by the sum of total production worker
hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments
are made for other premium payment provisions, such as
holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than
time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the
M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff
assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total
compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours
are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,
reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or
nonsupervisory employee definitions.

Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings
but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the
services industries have reduced average workweeks in these
industries and have affected the average weekly earnings
series.

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC
3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average hourly
earnings series described above; the one difference between
the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate
this series include lump-sum payments made to production
workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls
used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761




Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price
Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). The reference year for these series is 1982.
182

ESTIMATING METHODS

sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates,
all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated and all data series, usually for the previous 5 years, are reseasonally adjusted, prior
to full publication of all revised data in June of each year.

The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment
survey estimates of employment are generated through an
annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,698 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.

Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nationwide. A current
month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous
month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month.

Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks in
order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts
for March. These population counts are much less timely
than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative
file of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by
UI laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 98 percent of in-scope
private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the
remaining 2 percent is constructed from alternate sources,
primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based
estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based
estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge
is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added
to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark
accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based
monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and
the recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month.
Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly




Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,698 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a
majority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within the
construction division, geographic stratification is also used.
Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary
significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level
estimates.
Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is
called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative
is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus
a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March
benchmark through application of monthly link relatives.
Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic
estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic
cell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures.
The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firm births. There is a several month lag between an
183

Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size or region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division
and, where stratified, industry)
Monthly data

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month to
all employees in previous month, for sample establishments which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component
cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied
by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments
for current month, (2) estimated ratio of women
to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.

Average weekly hours

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory
workers.2

Average, weighted by production or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours

Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours for
component cells.

Average hourly earnings

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

All employees

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees

Annual average data
All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
workers

Average weekly hours

Average weekly overtime hours

Average hourly earnings

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.

Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Average weekly earnings
1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
bias adjustments factors, which compensate for the
underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources
of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earn-




ings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character
of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage of
continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same time,
tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest sample
average.

184

mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent
for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-based
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias
adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in
and of themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1988-98
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average
amount of bias which was added each month over the course
of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias added
for 1998 is listed as 150,000; this represents the average of
bias adjustments made each month over the period April
1997 through March 1998. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given year is
known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the
difference between a March estimate derived purely from
the sample (i.e., a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure by
12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The bias
required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment
which would have achieved a zero benchmark error. The
difference between the total bias required and the total bias
added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark
revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in the
table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes. As
discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required figures.

establishment opening for business and its appearing on
the UI universe frame and being available for sampling.
Because new firms generate a portion of employment growth
each month of the year, nonsampling methods must be used
to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias
adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment
survey since the late 1960s. Prior to the 1983 benchmark,
bias adjustments were derived from a simple mean error
model, which averaged undercount errors for the previous
3 years to arrive at bias projections for the coming year.
The undercount errors were measured as the difference
between sample-based estimate results and benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this research, a revised method was developed
which incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for the production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to
react to changing economic conditions or changing error
structure relationships between the sample-based estimates
and the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the
inability to incorporate UI universe counts as they become
available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag
from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis,
and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is done
primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e., abnormally
high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and
bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of
UI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models using a Kalman filter technique,
which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling
error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among
these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.
When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simply
does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents
may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is
often received too late to incorporate into monthly esti-




THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing
timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary goal
of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment of the
universe to provide reliable estimates that can be published
both promptly and regularly. The present sample allows
BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry
detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period, and data
in considerably more detail with an additional 1-month lag.
The CES survey, which began over 50 years age, predates the introduction of probability sampling methods and
has operated as a quota sample since its inception.
The sampling plan used is a form of sampling with probability proportionate to size, known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments.
The universe of establishment employment is highly
skewed, with a large percentage of total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because vari-

185

Reliability
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error.
The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly
related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment
survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with
sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.

ance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate than
smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unit
is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the survey design, large establishments fall into a
certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the sample
for the various industries is determined empirically on the
basis of experience and cost considerations. For example,
in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total
employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in
the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from among the
smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large
proportion of total employment is concentrated in small
establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion
of all large establishments but also for a more substantial
number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample
to a size which can be handled by available resources, it is
necessary to have a sample design for these industries with
a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the
case for most manufacturing industries.

Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The
sum of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered
total survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES
can derive an annual approximation of total error, on a
lagged basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is
used as a measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate
survey processes (i.e., the CES sample process and the UI
universe process) and thus reflects the errors present in each
program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very
small for total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade,
percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.3 percent, with
a range from zero to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most
current benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions and mean absolute revisions for major industries.
Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates;
unbiased estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as
over and under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy

Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling
operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C shows
the latest benchmark employment levels and the
approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown.

Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1988-98
(In thousands)
Benchmark
Average monthly bias
Year
1
2
Employment
Revision
Required4
Added3

Over-the-year
employment
change5

1988.
1989.

86,180
89,015

-310
-93

114
131

88
123

3,007
2,835

1990.
1991 .
1992.
1993.
1994.
1995.
1996.
1997.
1998.

90,546

-261
-583
-130
288
688

85
61
33
83

1,531
-1,756
-443

129

63
12
22
107
171
187
135

130
150

173
157

88,790
88,347
89,790
92,730
96,175
98,158
101,040
103,965

511
72
518
85

1
Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2
Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3
The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the




115

144

1,443
2,940
3,445

1,983
2,882
2,925

course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
4
The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5
March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because
there is no bias adjustment for this sector.

186

of selecting a sample from the population were repeated
many times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 68 percent of
the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to
one standard error above the estimate would include the
true population value.

of the estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was from the final benchmark level.
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and
earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic
estimating cells do not have universe data sources available and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions,
although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. Like the employment
estimates, the hours and earnings estimates are also
subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of
the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings
were computed using the method of random groups and
are expressed as relative standard errors (standard error
divided by the estimate). Relative standard errors for
individual industries with the specified number of employees are presented in table 2-E and for major industries
in table 2-F. Multiplying the relative standard error by its
estimated value gives the estimate of the standard error.
The errors presented here are based on averages observed
from sample data over the March 1994 through March 1995
period.

Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SIC and ownership codes
are made through this process. The volume of these corrections has often been quite large and had substantial
effects on universe employment distributions at the industry levels, but effects on total nonfarm employment have
been minimal. In 1999, BLS and its State partners completed a multi-year conversion to a new refiling schedule,
which uses a random selection method to target one-third

Standard errors for differences between industries and
times. The standard error of a difference is required to test
for significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries
are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each
estimate, S j 2 and S 2 2 .
S difference

Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1998
Sample coverage1
Industry

The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The
covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates
over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows.
=

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade..
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate...
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local

Vs? + S2 ~ 2ps,s 2

If Si = S 2 , then:
S change

Number of
establishments

Number
(thousands)

Percent
of
benchmarks

124,050

304,495

42,498

34

592
5,474
18,805

2,853
24,798
51,168

212
994
8,287

36
18
44

15,925
23,106
56,653

2,071
1,072
4,469

32
16
21

21,510
72,329

1,981
8,057

27
22

2,662
4,004
8,689

100
85
68

6,497
6,742
21,724
7,269
36,862
2,662
4,702
12,721

2

3

7,566
8,140
20,447

Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all
establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment
estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. Hours and earnings
estimates are derived from a sample.
3
Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well
as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a
sample of reports covering about 62 percent o1 employment in Federal establishments.

=

Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for
average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals or range of
values that include the true population value. If the process




Employees

=
Total

S change

Benchmarks
(thousands)

187

Table 2-D. Current (March 1998) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)

Industry

March 1998
benchmark revision
Level

Percent

10-year average
mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

44

0

0.1

0.3

Total private.

85

0.1

.1

.3

Goods-producing....

91

.4

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .

15
0
1
14
1

2.5
0
1.1
4.1
1.0

-.2
-1.9
-.7
.3
-.4

1.8
3.1
2.5
2.5
1.6

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building .
Special trade contractors

15
-22
12
25

.3
-1.7
1.7
.7

-.2
-.6
.9
-.2

1.1
2.4
2.1
1.0

61

.3

.3

.7

75

.7

.4

.8

9
7
1
0

1.1
1.3
.2
0
-.4
.8
.6
1.0
.3
-.9
.6
.1
.2
1.0
1.8

.2
.5
.3
.1
.7
.4
.3
.3
.2
.4
1.0
1.2
.9
(1)
.4

1.8
1.1
.7
.7
1.1
.6
1.0
1.3
.7
1.6
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.5

Total.

Manufacturing.
Durable goods.
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ..
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment..,
Electronic components and accessories .
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

-1

12
14
4
6
-6
11
1
1

9
7

.7

-14

-.2

-18
0
1
-6
-7
-1
6
5
3
1

-1.1
0
.2
-.8
-1.0
-.1
.6
3.6
.3
1.2

.2
-.2
.1
.3
.4
-.2
.1
.2
1.0
.1

.9
3.4
.9
1.4
.7
.8
.9
1.7
1.1
2.2

-47

(D

.1

.3

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit..
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services

41
54
-1
5
31
-6
19
0
6
-13
-13
0

.6
1.3
-.4
1.0
1.8
-3.5
1.6
0
1.3
-.6
-.9
0

-.2
-.4
-1.0
-.4
-1.6
.4
2.2
-.6
-.8
.2
.3
-.1

1.0
1.5
1.0
2.1
3.0
3.5
5.2
4.2
2.8
1.1
1.8
.7

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods.

-2
-25
23

(D
-.6
.8

-.3
-.3
-.3

1.1
1.3
1.0

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing .

See footnotes at end of table.




188

.7

Table 2-D. Current (March 1998) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Industry

March 1998
benchmark revision

10-year average
mean percent revision

Level

Percent

Actual

Absolute

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

-99
-25
-55
-29
-57
-10
-16
34
-32
77
-33

-0.5
-2.8
-2.1
-1.3
-1.7
-.4
-1.5
3.1
-3.2
1.0
-1.2

0.3
-.3
1.8
2.5
-.4
-1.2
-1.0
.9
-.8
.9
-.1

0.6
1.6
2.9
3.4
.9
1.2
1.0
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate

56
34
0
8
-6
33
33
-3
5
14
11
3
8

.8
1.0
0
.5
-2.3
5.2
10.7
-.5
2.1
.6
.7
.4
.6

-.2
-.6
-1.1
-.5
-3.5
1.9
2.9
.2
-3.0
.4
.5
.3
-.4

1.2
1.3
1.4
.9
5.8
3.3
5.9
1.1
4.8
1.4
1.6
1.1
1.5

Services 2
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee

-2
-2
5
13
15
-23
53
34
-4
-15
-6
8
-66
-53
-12
5
-27
-7
-9
-33
12
21
-4
1
91
-54
-12
-16
-1

(1)
-.3
.3
1.0
.2
-2.5
1.7
1.2
-.3
-1.3
-1.6
1.4
-4.6
-.5
-.7
.3
-.7
-1.0
-.9
-1.4
.5
3.4
-.5
1.1
3.9
-1.7
-1.4
-1.6
-2.0

.1
1.5
.7
.9
.5
.4
1.4
1.9
.5
-1.3
-1.3
-1.6
.3
-.7
-.9
-.5
-.8
1.2
-.9
.7
-.3
-2.2
-.2
1.8
2.4
-.1
-.6
.5
1.4

.6
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.8
1.3
3.3
2.9
2.5
1.6
4.7
3.8
3.1
.8
1.5
.8
.8
2.6
1.0
2.6
1.5
5.0
1.3
2.4
3.0
1.5
1.1
3.1
2.8

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service

-41
0
0
-39
-25
-14
-2
16
-18

-.2
0
0
-.8
-1.2
-.5
(1)
.2
-.3

(1)
0
0
.1
.2
.1

.3
0
0
.6
1.2
.5
.2
.3
.4

State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
1

1

Less than 0.05 percent.




189

(D
(1)

(D

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Table 2-E. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings

ately following the reference month. Final revised samplebased estimates are published 2 months later when nearly
all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G
presents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and
the mean absolute percent revision that may be expected
between the preliminary and final employment estimates.
Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates
are normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly
hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private
nonfarm level, and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry groupings.

(In percent)
Size of employment
estimate

50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

1.4
1.1
.8
.6
.4
.3

1.9
1.5
1.2
.9
.7
.6

3.2
2.6
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.1

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.

As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with
BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,
and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the
full CES sample to produce monthly national employment
estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the
sample to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail
may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.

Table 2-F. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings by Industry
(In percent)
Industry

Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

0.1
.8
.4
.1
.1
.1

0.1
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1

0.2
1.1
.3
.4
.5
.5

.3
.2
.1

.5
.2
.1

1.0
.4
.3

.2
.2

.2
.2

.7
.4

Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate national data by detailed industry; correspondingly
the State estimation procedures are designed to produce
accurate data for each individual State. State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because
each State series is subject to larger sampling and
nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them
cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particular
problem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when the
majority of the individual State errors tend to be in the
same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the
Bureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such
a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error
structure, particularly at turning points.

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March 1994March1995.

of all UI universe units for refiling in a given year. Previously, refiling procedures called for each major industry
division to be refiled every third year. The refiling schedule
refinement was made because of large benchmark revisions
and corresponding distortions in over-the-year employment
trend measurement for specific industries.

Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings,
based on less than the total sample, are published immedi-




190

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates

Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

57,900
47,800
13,900

Mining
Metal mining
Coalmining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

1,800
300
700
1,700
300

0
-0.1
.2
-.1
.1

0.2
.4
.6
.4
.2

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

8,100
4,100
3,300
5,000

.1
.1
.1
0

.1
.3
.3
.1

Manufacturing

9,500

0

6,400

0

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
,
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ....
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

1,300
1,200
1,200
1,700
1,300
2,200
2,600
1,800
2,200
1,400
4,200
3,600
1,600
1,600
900

.1
0
0
0
0
0
.1
.3
0
0
0
.1
0
0
.1

.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.1
.1
.4
.1
.2
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2

0
.6
0
.1
0
0
-.1
-.1
0
0

.1
1.0
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.4
.1
.4

-.1
-.1
-.1
-.2
-.1
-.3

4,800
2,700
500
1,200
2,700
1,100
1,700
1,700
1,000
1,400
600

.1

54,500

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services

9,800
9,400
2,100
3,700
5,800
1,400
6,400
200
1,100
4,100
3,800
1,600

-.1
-.2
-.1
.1
.1
0

.1
.2
.7
.5
.2
.7
.4
.7
.2
.1
.2
.1

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

7,600
4,300
4,800

.1
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1

See footnotes at end of table.




191

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued
Industry

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies ...
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores....
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

31,100
2,800
19,400
18,500
5,800
3,000
1,200
5,700
3,100
9,400
7,900

0
0
.1
.1
0
-.1
-.1
.1
0
0
.1

0.1
.2
.5
.6
.1
.1
.1
.4
.2
.1
.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service.
Real estate

6,200
3,800
2,500
2,100
1,100
1,500
1,100
1,100
1,700
2,700
2,400
1,200
2,800

0
0
-.1
-.1

.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.4
.2
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2

Services 2
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens.
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee

28,700
2,700
6,000
5,800
12,300
2,500
10,500
10,300
2,800
2,000
1,000
6,200
9,400
5,500
2,500
1,600
3,300
2,000
1,400
12,600
9,700
4,400
1,400
600
3,200

0
.1
.1
-.1
.1
0
.1
.1
0
0
0

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service .
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

19,500
8,300
7,600

5,100
2,300
3,400
500

11,800
9,900
4,800

16,800
14,200
11,300
2

1

The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean squared
error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between
the final and preliminary estimates averaged across a series of monthly
observations.




-.1
0
.1
0
0
0
0
.1
0

.1

.2
0
0
0
0
.1
0
.1
0
.1
-.1
0
0
0
-.1
.1
.1
0
.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

.1
.3
.2
.3
.1
.2
.3
.3
.2
.1
.2
.8
.5
0
.1
.1
.1
.3
.1
.5
.3
.6
.2
.5
.1
.1
.2
.3
.8
.1
.2
.3
.2
.4
.1
.1
.1
.1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1994 through
December 1998.

192

Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM

Estimates for States

signal is a time series model of the true labor force which
consists of three components: A variable coefficient
regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and
current relationships found within each State's economy as
reflected in the different sources of data that are available
for each State—the Current Population Survey (CPS), the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (Ul) system. The noise component
of the models explicitly accounts for auto correlation in the
CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude
of the error. In addition, the models can identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.
While all the State models have important components in
common, they differ somewhat from one another to better
reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for the employment-to-population ratio
and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each State.
The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from
the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and
seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS
not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component
accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the
CES, while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically
to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of
the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate that
changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once
the estimates are developed from the models, levels are calculated for employment, unemployment, and labor force.

Current monthly estimates. Effective January 1996, civilian labor force and unemployment estimates for all States
and the District of Columbia are produced using models
based on a "signal-plus-noise" approach. The model of the

Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for all States and the District of Columbia are
adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average
CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a pro-

Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMAs), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative
program. The local unemployment estimates which derive
from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the
basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act.
Annual average data for the States and 337 areas shown
in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data classified
by selected demographic, social, and economic characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile
of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a
subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400
LMAs, counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or
more. Regional aggregations are derived by summing the
State estimates. The estimation methods are described
below for States (and the District of Columbia) and for subState areas. At the sub-LMA (county and city) level, estimates are prepared using disaggregation techniques based
on decennial and annual population estimates and current
unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description
of the estimation procedure is contained in the BLS document, Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment
Statistics.




193

cedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the original
monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.

Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current
month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of
the estimates for each of two categories: (1) Persons who
were previously employed in industries covered by State UI
laws; and (2) those who were entering the civilian labor
force for the first time or reentering after a period of separation.

Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates for two large sub-State areas—New York City and
the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are obtained using the same modeling approach as for states. Estimates for the nearly 2,400 remaining LMAs, are prepared
through indirect estimation techniques, described
below.

Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and all
LMAs within the State. The LMA estimates geographically
exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment is
applied to all sub-State preliminary LMA estimates to ensure that they add to the independently estimated State totals for employment and unemployment. For California and
New York, the proportional adjustment is applied to all
LMAs other than the two modeled areas, to ensure that the
LMA estimates sum to an independent model-based estimate for the balance of State.

Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based largely on CES data. These
"place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place
of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed on
the basis of employment relationships at the time of the
1990 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CES
estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees,
nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers,
and private household workers.




Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in UI claims counts, and updated
historical relationships. The updated estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates
of employment and unemployment.

194

Seasonal Adjustment

revised only for that year because of the major redesign and
1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount, introduced into the Current Population Survey. In 1996, 1990-93 data also were revised to
incorporate these 1990 census-based population controls and
seasonally adjusted series were revised back to 1990. Subsequent revisions are only carried back to 1994.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to
derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally
adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components. The total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily
add to totals.
In each January issue (March issue in 1996), Employment and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted
data for selected labor force series based on the experience
through December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be
used to calculate the civilian unemployment estimate for
the first 6 months of the following year, and a description of
the current seasonal adjustment procedure.

Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by
adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes in
a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which
they are based, because they are subject not only to
sampling and other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data are published monthly in Employment and
Earnings.
Household data
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-l 1 ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-11 method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-l 1 ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method
by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E, January 1983.
BLS uses an extension of X-l 1 ARIMA to allow it to
adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or
absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal adjustment factors are calculated for use during the
January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates
and publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal adjustment factors for use in the second half, based
on the experience through June. Revisions of historical data,
usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the
beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the
revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census
population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in
early 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994, data were




Establishment data
Effective in June 1996, with the release of the March 1995
benchmark revisions, BLS began using an updated version
of the X-l2 ARIMA software developed by the Bureau of
the Census to seasonally adjust national establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings series.
The conversion to X-l 2 ARIMA allows BLS to refine its
seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometime referred to as the 4- vs. 5-week
effect. While the CES survey is referenced to a consistent
concept, the pay period including the 12th day of the month,
inconsistencies arise because there are variations of 4 or 5
weeks between the week of the 12th in any given pair of
months. In highly seasonal months and industries, this variation can be an important determinant of the magnitude of
seasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the
survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal adjustment.

195

The interval effect adjustment is accomplished through the
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) option
in the X-12 software. This process combines standard regression analysis, which measures correlations between two
or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes
and predicts the behavior of a data series based on its own
past history. In this application, the correlations of interest
are those between employment levels in individual calendar months and the length of the survey intervals for those
months. The REGARIMA models estimate and remove the
variation in employment levels attributable to 11 separate
survey intervals, one specified for each month, except March.
March is excluded because there are always 4 weeks
between the February and March surveys.
Effective with the release of the March 1997 benchmarks,
seasonally adjusted series for employment, hours, indexes
of aggregate hours, and earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers from 1989 forward incorporate
refinements to the seasonal adjustment process to correct
for distortions related to the method of accounting for
the varying length of payroll periods across months—a calendar effect.
REGARIMA modeling also is used to indentify, measure,
and remove this calendar effect for the publication level seasonally adjusted hours and earnings series.
Projected seasonal factors for the establishment-based
series are calculated and published twice a year, paralleling
the procedure used for the household series. Revisions to
historical data (usually the most recent 5 years) are made
once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions. All series
are seasonally adjusted using multiplicative models in
X-12; additive models are not considered. Seasonal
adjustment factors are computed and applied at component
levels. For employment series, these are generally the 2digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals are arithmetic
aggregations for employment series and weighted averages
of the seasonally adjusted data for hours and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant
dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing the
average weekly earnings series by the seasonally adjusted
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of
aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by multiplying average weekly hours by production or
nonsupervisory workers and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours for the
appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1982
annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These




series, however, are used in the aggregation to higher level
seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
The standard procedure for seasonal adjustment for the
local education employment series was improved with the
1997 benchmark. In the past, the seasonal factors for this
industry were derived using the standard seasonal adjustment
procedure of a logarithmic transformation of the data as input
for the multiplicative decomposition of the series. However,
in recent years, the forecasted seasonal factors have failed to
adequately reflect the changing behavior of this industry in
the summer months. The factors for this industry are now
derived using a square-root transformation of the data as
input for an additive decomposition of the series. These
modifications produce seasonal factors that better reflect
current industry seasonal patterns. However, the annual
averages of seasonally adjusted and unadjusted series will
not be equal.
BLS also makes special adjustments for floating holidays
for the establishment-based series on average weekly hours
and manufacturing overtime hours. From 1988 forward, these
adjustments are now accomplished as part of the X-12
ARIMA/REGARIMA modeling process. The special adjustment made in November each year to adjust for the effect
of poll workers in the local government employment series
also is incorporated into the X-12 process from 1988
forward.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based
series based on the experience through March 1999, new
seasonal adjustment factors for March-October 1999, and a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
appear in the June 1999 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised factors for the September 1999-April 2000 period
will appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of
seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by
major industry for all States and the District of Columbia
(table B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly
to the employment estimates at the division level (component
series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to
the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and
historical revisions are made coincident with the annual
benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are
designed to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted) data for each individual State. BLS independently
develops a national employment series; State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals. Because each State
series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors
than the national series, summing them cumulates individual
State level errors and can cause significant distortions at an
aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS
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does not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and
cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively
large and volatile error structure.

ARIMA procedure, seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied independently to the component employment and unemployment levels and then aggregated to
regional or State totals. Current seasonal adjustment factors
are produced for 6-month periods twice a year. Historical
revisions usually are made at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the separate processing procedures,
totals for the Nation, as a whole, differ from the results
obtained by aggregating regional or State data.

Region and State labor force data
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and
divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tables
C-l and C-2). Beginning in 1998, regional aggregations are
derived by summing the State estimates. Using the X-ll




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