Full text of Employment and Earnings : April 1998
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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
April 1998
In this issue:
First quarter 1998 averages •
for household survey data
Alexis M. Herman, Secretary
April 1998
Vol. 45 No. 4
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner
Calendar of Features
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
EE--Employment and Earnings (USFS 485-010), is
published monthly and prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration
with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by
the Bureau of the Census (Department of Commerce) and
Stale employment security agencies, in cooperation with the
Bureau of Labor Statistics A brief description of the
cooperative statistical programs of the BLS with these
agencies is presented in the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error The State agencies are listed on the inside back cover.
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Household data:
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National establishment data:
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In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.
Household data
Annual averages
Jan
Union affiliation
Jan
Earnings by detailed occupation
Jan
Employee absences
Jan.
Revised seasonally adjusted series
Jan
Quarterly averages Seasonally adjusted data,
persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veterans
and nonveterans, and weekly earnings data
Jan., Apr., July, Oct
Establishment data
National annual averages'
Industry divisions (preliminary)
Jan
industry detail.
March, June
Women employees
March, June
National data revised to reflect new benchmarks
and new seasonal adjustment factors
June
Stale and area annual revisions
March
Slate and area annual averages
Ma\
Area definitions
May
Region, State, and area labor force data
Annual revisions
March
Annual averages
May
Employment and Earnings
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Eugene H. Becker
Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error
Employment and unemployment developments, March 1998
Summary tables and charts
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables
ii
v
1
3
161
198
Statistical tables
Source
Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
Local area labor force data:
Region
State
Area
Household data:
Quarterly averages
Historical
Seasonally
adjusted
Not
seasonally
adjusted
18
44
48
53
65
78
78
45
61
96
119
123
125
136
130
130
147
Monthly Household Data
Page
Historical
A-l. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1964 to date
5
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1986 to date
6
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
A-5. Employed status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age
7
8
10
11
Characteristics of the Employed
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex
12
13
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-9.
A-10.
A-l 1.
A-12
A-13.
Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
14
15
16
17
17
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment,
educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment,
r.ex. race, and Hispanic origin
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
18
21
22
24
25
Characteristics of the Employed
A-19
A-20.
A-21.
A-22
A-23.
A-24.
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status ..
A-27'. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
26
27
28
29
30
30
31
32
33
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-28.
A-29.
A-30
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
34
35
36
37
38
38
39
40
Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
40
Multiple Jobholders
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
41
42
Monthly Establishment Data
Page
Historical
B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1947 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date
44
45
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group
48
50
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change
52
51
States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry
53
Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-l 1. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry
61
62
63
64
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
65
B-l3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
77
States and Areas
B-I4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
78
Hours and Earnings
National
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-l7 Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
States and Areas
B-l8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas
96
116
117
118
119
Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-l. Labor force status by census region and division
123
C-2. Labor force status by State
125
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area
130
Quarterly Household Data
Page
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
D-l
D-2
D-3.
D-4
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstituiional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age
136
137
139
140
Characteristics of the Employed
D-5. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
D-6. Employed persons by age and sex
141
142
Characteristics of the Unemployed
D-7
D-8.
D-9.
D-10,
D-l 1.
Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
143
144
145
146
146
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
D-l2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
D-l3. Employment status of the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin population by sex and age
147
148
Characteristics of the Employed
D-l4. Employed white, black, and Hispanic-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and
full- or part-time status
D-l5 Employed Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker,
and full- or part-time status
D-l6. Employed persons by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
149
150
151
Characteristics of the Unemployed
D-17 Unemployment rates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
D-l8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
D-I9 Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
152
153
154
Weekly Earnings Data
D-20. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
D-21. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
D-22 Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation, and sex
155
156
157
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
D-23
D-24
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
158
159
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error
Page
Page
Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series
161
161
162
Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
CPS sample, 1947 to present
Estimating methods
Noninterview adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996)
Tables 1-B through 1-H
163
163
163
165
165
167
169
169
170
170
171
171
172
172
172
172
172
172
173
173
173
173
174
Establishment data
Collection
Concepts
181
181
181
162
Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methods table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas
184
184
1 84
184
184
184
185
186
186
187
187
1 87
187
188
188
188
191
191
Region, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction
194
194
194
194
194
194
195
Seasonal adjustment
i 96
)95
195
195
195
Employment and Unemployment
Developments, March 1998
Both nonfarm payroll employment and the unemployment
rate were about unchanged in March. Following 5 months
of strong growth, the number of payroll jobs edged down by
36,000, reflecting declines in construction and retail trade
and an unusually small gain in services. The unemployment rate was 4.7 percent in March.
Unemployment
The number of unemployed persons, 6.5 million, was little
changed from the prior month. The jobless rate, 4.7 percent
in March, has been at or below 5 percent for the last 12
months. Unemployment rates for the major worker groups—
adult men (3.9 percent), adult women (4.3 percent), teenagers (15.0 percent), whites (4.1 percent), blacks (9.2 percent),
and Hispanics (6,9 percent)—showed little or no movement
over the month. (See tables A-3 and A-4.)
The unemployment rates for persons 25 years and over
changed little in each of the major educational attainment
categories. The rate was 7.2 percent for those with less than
a high school diploma, 4.2 percent for high school graduates with no college experience, 3.3 percent for high school
graduates with some college experience but no bachelor's
degree, and 1,9 percent for college graduates. (See table A-5.)
The number of persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks
rose to 2.9 million in March (seasonally adjusted); it had
been 2.5 million in January. Long-term unemployment of
27 weeks or longer—891,000 in March—was at its lowest
level of the current expansion. This measure had peaked at
2.2 million in October 1992. (See table A-13.)
Total employment and the labor force
Total employment, at 131.0 million (seasonally adjusted),
was essentially unchanged over the month. Over the year,
total civilian employment has risen by about 2.1 million,
after adjusting for changes in the composite estimation procedure. The employment-population ratio—the proportion
of the population with jobs—was 64.0 percent, near its alltime high. (See table A-3.)
About 8.0 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held
more than one job in March. They comprised 6.1 percent of
the total employed. (See table A-37.)
The civilian labor force, at 137.5 million (seasonally adjusted), was virtually unchanged over the month. The labor
force participation rate was 67.2 percent. (See table A-3.)
Persons not in the labor force
About 1.4 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were
marginally attached to the labor force in March. These were
people who wanted and were available for work and had
looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but were
not counted as unemployed because they had not searched
for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
The number of discouraged workers—a subset of the marginally attached who were not currently looking for work
specifically because they believed no jobs were available for
them—totaled 343,000 in March, little changed from a year
earlier. (See table A-36.)
Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment edged down in March after
adding 1.7 million jobs during the prior 5 months. Employment in March was 3.1 million higher than a year earlier.
Over the month, there were declines in construction and retail trade. These were mostly offset by a relatively small
gain in services and continued growth in finance, insurance,
and real estate and in transportation and public utilities, (See
table B-3.)
In the goods-producing sector, construction employment
fell by 88,000 over the month, after seasonal adjustment.
This followed 4 months of large gains, which were partly
due to an exceptionally mild winter during which seasonal
employment declines were much smaller than normal. As a
result, there was less need to add workers in March. Also,
the weather during the March survey reference period was
much colder than usual, further slowing seasonal hiring.
Manufacturing employment was essentially unchanged for
the second straight month, after growing by 169,000 between September and January. Job growth has slowed in
several industries that had accounted for much of the increase—fabricated metals, industrial machinery, electronic
components, and aircraft.
In the service-producing sector, employment in the services industry rose by only 45,000 over the month, the smallest gain since August 1997. The weakness in March was
due in part to an employment decline in the help supply
industry (-16,000), following a sizable gain in February.
Motion picture employment declined by 8,000 in March.
Health services added only 7,000 jobs, compared with a
monthly average of 18,000 over the prior year. In contrast,
strong growth continued in March in computer services
(17,000), engineering and management services (16,000),
and social services (11,000),
Retail trade employment fell by 48,000 in March, as seasonal hiring was below normal in eating and drinking places.
Employment in apparel stores declined for the second month
in a row. Employment in wholesale trade and its component
industries was about unchanged in March. Government employment was little changed over the month at 19.8 million,
seasonally adjusted. After 5 years of substantial declines,
employment losses in Federal Government, except the Postal
Service, have slowed, totaling only 7,000 since September.
Transportation and public utilities continued to grow, adding 22,000 jobs in March and 86,000 since December. Spurring the March increase were widespread gains in transportation and continued strong growth in telephone communications. The number of jobs in finance, insurance, and real
estate rose by 31,000 over the month, reflecting strong housing and stock markets and low mortgage rates.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.2 hour to
34.7 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek fell by 0.3 hour to 41.7 hours, bringing the decline since
December to half an hour Factory overtime decreased for the
second straight month by 0.1 hour to 4.7 hours. (See table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls declined by
0.7 percent to 143.5 (1982=100). seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index decreased by 0.6 percent to 108.9. (See table B-9.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls were up 4 cents in March
to $12.63, seasonally adjusted. Reflecting the decline in the
workweek, average weekly earnings edged down 0.3 percent
to S438.26. Since March 1997, average hourly and weekly
earnings have risen by 4.0 and 3.7 percent, respectively.
Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data
With the release of May data in June, BLS will introduce revisions in the establishment-based series on
nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings to reflect the regular annual benchmark adjustments
and updated seasonal adjustment factors. This year's benchmark process affects all unadjusted series from
April 1996 forward.
BLS also will implement refinements to the seasonal adjustment process for the hours and earnings
series to correct for distortions related to the method of accounting for the varying length of payroll periods
across months.
All seasonally adjusted employment series will be revised from January 1993 forward. The hours and
earnings series will be revised from January 1989 forward to incorporate the new methodology. Seasonal
adjustment factors for March through October 1998 will be available on May 29, 1 week prior to the release
of the May estimates, on the Internet (http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm). Further information on these
revisions is available by calling (202) 606-6555.
Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on ihe
following dates'
Reference month
Release dale
April
May 8
July
August 7
May
June 5
August
September 4
June
July 2
September
October 2
Reference month
Release date
Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998
1997
Category
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Labor force status
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population
Unemployed
Not in labor force
202,513 202,674 202,832 203,000 203,166 203,364 203,570 203,767 203,941 204,098 204,238 204,400 204,547
136,115 136,043 136,060 136,206 136,294 136,404 136,439 136,406 136,864 137,169 137,493 137,557 137,523
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.0
66.9
67.1
67.2
67.3
67.3
67.2
67.2
129,035 129,275 129,494 129,392 129,661 129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777 131,083 131,163 130,994
64.1
63.8
63.7
63.8
64.2
64.2
63.8
63.7
63.8
64.0
64.0
63.7
63.8
6,392
6,814
6,393
6,566
6,633
6,409
6,529
6,657
6,678
6,496
6,289
7,080
6,768
66,745 66,844 67,024
66.398 66,631 66,772 66,794 66,872 66,960 67,131 67,361 67,077
Unemployment rates
All workers
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin
NOTE;
5.2
4.4
4.7
16.5
4.4
10.5
8.3
5.0
4.2
4.4
15.6
4.2
9.9
8.0
4.8
3.9
4.5
15.7
4.1
10.3
7.6
5.0
4.2
4.4
16.5
4.3
10.3
7.7
Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.2
4.2
9.5
7.3
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.3
4.2
9.6
7.9
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.4
4.2
9.6
7.6
4.8
4.1
4.1
15.5
4.1
9.6
7.8
4.6
3.9
4.0
15.2
3.9
9.7
6.9
4.7
4.1
4.0
14.3
3.9
9.9
7.5
4.7
3.8
4.4
14.1
4.0
9.3
6.9
4.6
3.8
4.3
14.7
3.9
9.7
6.8
4.7
3.9
4.3
15.0
4.1
9.2
6.9
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1998
Industry
Mar
Apr
May
June |
July
|
Aug. | Sept. |
Oct. |
Nov. | Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
Mar.P
Employment
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
121.344 121.671 121,834 122,056 122,440 122,492 122.792 123,083 123,512 123,866 124,265 124,517 124,481
101.799 102.092 102.269 102.417 102,721 102,688 103,078 103.334 103,749 104,096 104,484 104,705 104,674
24,670 24.667 24,702 24,714 24,713 24,765 24,771 24,814 24.888 24,995 25,139 25,172 25,086
576
574
574
574
573
574
573
571
572
574
572
576
572
5.637
5,843
5,650
5,642
5,625
5,622
5,789
5,877
5,747
5,682
5.628
5,599
5.609
18,722 18,723 18,726
18.674
18,634
18.495 18,498 18.518 18.514 18,555 18,553 18,590
18,489
96.674 97,004 97.132 97,342 97,727 97,727 98.021 96,269 98,624 98,871 99,126 99,345 99,395
6,289
6,443
6.473
6,564
6,542
6.516
6.478
6,495
6,497
6.434
6,431
6.421
6.405
6,675
6,664
6.687
6,798
6,793
6,780
6,746
6,729
6,712
6,634
6,630
6,622
6.611
21.945 22,029 22,026 22,079 22,159 22,169 22,215 22,258 22,403 22,450 22,462 22,476 22,428
7,082
7,068
7,058
7,221
7,190
7,170
7,151
7,132
7,108
7.034
7,029
7.019
6.992
35,176 35.334 35,451 35,522 35.684 35,702 35,850 35,945 36,102 36,276 36,417 36,532 36,577
19,812 19,807
19,781
19,749 19,763 19,770
19,565 19,639 19,719 19,804 19,714
19.579
19.545
Over-the-month change
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
182
184
17
-2
5
14
165
29
18
23
12
85
-2
327
293
-3
1
-10
6
330
16
11
84
27
158
34
163
177
35
3
29
3
128
10
8
-3
10
117
-14
222
148
12
-2
-6
20
210
3
4
53
5
71
74
384
304
-1
0
3
-4
385
9
30
80
24
162
80
52
-33
52
-1
12
41
0
-154
11
30
10
18
85
291
256
43
-2
8
37
248
24
25
43
26
95
35
429
415
74
-2
32
44
355
-2
17
145
24
157
14
345
42.0
4.8
34.8
42.1
4.9
300
390
6
3
5
-2
294
184
12
26
14
148
-90
252
221
33
-2
34
1
219
26
13
14
20
115
31
-36
-31
17
47
19
174
7
399
388
144
0
96
48
255
38
34
12
19
141
11
34.6
42.2
4.9
34.8
42.1
4.9
34.9
42.0
4.8
34.7
41.7
4.7
354
347
107
2
65
40
247
-17
3
50
22
5
-48
31
45
-5
Hours of work*
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime
348
42 1
49
345
42 1
49
345
42.0
4.8
34.6
41.8
4.6
34.4
41.8
4.7
34.6
41.8
4.7
34.5
41.9
4.7
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100)'
Total private
Manufacturing
140 2
108 3
139 6
108.5
140 0
108.3
140.6
107.8
140.2
107 8
140.8
108.1
140.9
108.3
141.2
108.7
142.9
109.4
142.5
109.9
143.6
110.0
144.5
109.6
143.5
108.9
$12.40
7.58
427.80
$12.48
7.62
434.30
$12.48
7.62
431.81
$12.52
7.64
435.70
$12.59
7.69
439.39
$12.63
N.A
438.26
Earnings'
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars?
Average weekly earnings, total private
1
$1214
7 50
422 47
$12.14
7.49
41883
$12.19
7.52
420 56
$1223
7.54
423 16
Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
The Consunner Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W)
is used to deflate these series.
2
$12.24
753
421.06
$12.31
7.56
42593
$12.35
7.56
426.08
N A - not available.
. preliminary,
p
Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 1994-98
Thousands
126,000
Thousands
126,000
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1994-98
Percent
8.0
Percent
8,0
5.0
4,0
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
NOTE: Beginning in 1990, data reflect 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount. Beginning in 1994, data reflect the introduction of a major redesign of the Current
Population Survey. Beginning in 1997, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. Beginning in
1998, data incorporate new composite estimation procedures and updated population controls. These
changes affect comparability with data for prior periods.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1964 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Number
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Unemployed
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Annual averages
1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
55.7
56.2
56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602
1970.
1971 .
19721
19731
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
19781
1979.
137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863
82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962
60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9
3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347
75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900
1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
19861
1987.
1988.
1989.
167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393
106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869
63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342
59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0
3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199
95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
114,142
7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528
7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3
60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523
189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133
125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297
66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1
118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
63.8
3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440
3,443
3,399
115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123,264
126,159
7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6,739
5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837
1
1990
1991 .
1992.
1993.
19941
1995.
1996.
19971
106,434
109,232
111,800
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1997:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September....
October
November
Decemoer
1998:
January3
February
March
202,513
202,674
202,832
203,000
203,166
203,364
203,570
203,767
203,941
204,098
136,115
136,043
136,060
136,206
136,294
136,404
136,439
136,406
136,864
137,169
67.2
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.0
66.9
67.1
67.2
129,035
129,275
129,494
129,392
129,661
129,747
129,761
129,910
130,575
130,777
63.7
63.8
63.8
63.7
63.8
63.8
63.7
63.8
64.0
64.1
3,387
3,462
3,418
3,389
3,452
3,379
3,422
3,327
3,384
3,385
125,648
125,813
126,076
126,003
126,209
126,368
126,339
126,583
127,191
127,392
7,080
6,768
6,566
6,814
6,633
6,657
6,678
6,496
6,289
6,392
5.2
5.0
4.8
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.7
66,398
66,631
66,772
66,794
66,872
66,960
67,131
67,361
67,077
66,929
204,238
204,400
204,547
137,493
137,557
137,523
67.3
67.3
67.2
131,083
131,163
130,994
64.2
64.2
64.0
3,319
3,335
3,132
127,764
127,829
127,862
6,409
6,393
6,529
4.7
4.6
4.7
66,745
66,844
67,024
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3
Beginning in January 1998, data are not strictly comparable with data
for 1997 and earlier years because of the introduction of new composite
estimation procedures and revisions in the population controls used in the
household survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 1998" in the February 1998 issue of
this publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1986 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Sex, year,
and month
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Number
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Annual averages
19861
1987
1988
1989
MEN
19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19971
85,798
86,899
87,857
88,762
65,422
66,207
66,927
67,840
76.3
76.2
76.2
76.4
60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315
71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5
2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513
58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802
4,530
4,101
3,655
3,525
6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2
20,376
20,692
20,930
20,923
90,377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95,178
96,206
97,715
69,011
69,168
69,964
70,404
70,817
71,360
72,087
73,261
76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0
65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207
69,685
72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3
2,546
2,589
2,575
2,478
2,554
2,559
2,573
2,552
62,559
61,634
61,866
62,871
63,896
64,818
65,634
67,133
3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983
3,880
3,577
5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9
21,367
22,110
22,306
22,927
23,538
23,818
24,119
24,454
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1997:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December
97,387
97,474
97,559
97,649
97,733
97,838
97,946
98,050
98,141
98,225
73,164
73,184
73,089
73,225
73,218
73,265
73,192
73,311
73,682
73,662
75.1
75.1
74.9
75.0
74.9
74.9
74.7
74.8
75.1
75.0
69,415
69,565
69,765
69,586
69,711
69,748
69,656
69,785
70,352
70,195
71.3
71.4
71.5
71.3
71.3
71.3
71.1
71.2
71.7
71.5
2,577
2,641
2,610
2,583
2,572
2,504
2,552
2,468
2,503
2,497
66,838
66,924
67,155
67,003
67,139
67,244
67,104
67,317
67,849
67,698
3,749
3,619
3,324
3,639
3,507
3,517
3,536
3,526
3,330
3,467
5.1
4.9
4.5
5.0
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.5
4.7
24,223
24,290
24,470
24,424
24,515
24,573
24,754
24,739
24,459
24,563
98,241
98,331
98,405
73,852
73,780
73,695
75.2
75.0
74.9
70,518
70,459
70,297
71.8
71.7
71.4
2,463
2,458
2,356
68,056
68,001
67,941
3,333
3,320
3,399
4.5
4.5
4.6
24,389
24,551
24,710
1998:
January3 ..
February ..,
March
Annual averages
19861
1987
1988
1989
WOMEN
19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19971
94,789
95,853
96,756
97,630
52,413
53,658
54,742
56,030
55.3
56.0
56.6
57.4
48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027
51.4
52.5
53.4
54.3
652
666
676
687
48,054
49,668
51,020
52,341
3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003
7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4
42,376
42,195
42,014
41,601
98,787
99,646
100,535
101,506
102,460
103,406
104,385
105,418
56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
60,944
61,857
63,036
57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8
53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523
58,501
59,873
54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8
678
680
672
637
855
881
871
847
53,011
52,815
53,380
54,273
55,755
56,642
57,630
59,026
3,140
3,683
4,090
3,885
3,629
3,421
3,356
3,162
5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0
41,957
42,468
42,394
42,711
42,221
42,462
42,528
42,382
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1997:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December
105,127
105,200
105,274
105,351
105,433
105,527
105,623
105,718
105,799
105,873
62,951
62,859
62,971
62,981
63,076
63,139
63,247
63,095
63,182
63,507
59.9
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.9
59.7
59.7
60.0
59,620
59,710
59,729
59,806
59,950
59,999
60,105
60,125
60,223
60,582
56.7
56.8
56.7
56.8
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.9
57.2
810
821
808
806
880
875
870
859
881
888
58,810
58,889
58,921
59,000
59,070
59,124
59,235
59,266
59,342
59,694
3,331
3.149
3,242
3,175
3,126
3,140
3,142
2,970
2,959
2,925
5.3
5.0
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.7
4.7
4.6
42,176
42,341
42,303
42,370
42,357
42,388
42,376
42,623
42,617
42,366
1998:
January3 ..
February ..
March
105,997
106,070
106,141
63,641
63,777
63,827
60.0
60.1
60.1
60,565
60,704
60.697
57.1
57.2
57.2
856
876
776
59,709
59,827
59,921
3,076
3,073
3,130
4.8
4.8
4.9
42,356
42,293
42,314
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3
Beginning in January 1998, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1997 and
earlier years because of the introduction of new composite estimation procedures and
revisions in the population controls used in the household survey. For additional
information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998" in
the February 1998 issue of this publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-3o Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age
1997
Mar.
Apr
May
June
July
1998
Aug.
Sept
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
FeD,
Mar.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .. 202,513 202,674 202,832 203,000 203,166 203,364 203,570 203,767 203,941 204,098 204,238 204,400 204,547
136,115 136,043 136,060 136,206 136,294 136,404 136,439 136,406 136,864 137,169 137,493 137,557 137,523
Civilian labor force
67.2
67.2
67.3
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.3
66.9
67.0
67.1
67.2
67.1
67.1
Percent of population
129,035 129,275 129,494 129,392 129,661 129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777 131,083 131,163 130,994
Employed
64.1
63.7
64.0
64.2
64.0
63.8
63.8
64.2
63.8
63.7
63.7
63.8
63.8
Employment-population ratio
6,392
7,080
6,529
6,409
6,289
6,657
6,633
6,393
6,496
6,678
6,814
6,566
6,768
Unemployed
4.7
5.2
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.9
4.9
4.6
4.8
4.9
5.0
4.8
5.0
Unemployment rate
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .. 97,387
73,164
Civilian labor force
75.1
Percent of population
69,415
Employed
71.3
Employment-population ratio
2,577
Agriculture
66,838
Nonagricultural industries
3,749
Unemployed
5.1
Unemployment rate
24,223
Not in labor force
97,474
73,184
75.1
69,565
71.4
2,641
66,924
3,619
4.9
24,290
97,559
73,089
74.9
69,765
71.5
2,610
67,155
3,324
4.5
24,470
97,649
73,225
75.0
69,586
71.3
2,583
67,003
3,639
5.0
24,424
97,733
73,218
74.9
69,711
71.3
2,572
67,139
3,507
4.8
24.515
97,838
73,265
74.9
69,748
71.3
2,504
67,244
3,517
4.8
24,573
97,946
73,192
74.7
69,656
71.1
2,552
67,104
3,536
4.8
24,754
98,050
73,311
74.8
69,785
71.2
2,468
67,317
3,526
4.8
24,739
98,141
73,682
75.1
70,352
71.7
2,503
67,849
3,330
4.5
24,459
98,225
73,662
75.0
70,195
71.5
2,497
67,698
3,467
4.7
24,563
98,241
73,852
75.2
70,518
71.8
2,463
68,056
3,333
4.5
24,389
98,331
73,780
75.0
70,459
71.7
2,458
68,001
3,320
4.5
24,551
98,405
73,695
74.9
70,297
71.4
2,356
67,941
3,399
4.6
24,710
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .. 89,604
69,040
Civilian labor force
77.1
Percent of population
66,031
Employed
73.7
Employment-population ratio
2,357
Agriculture
63,674
Nonagricultural industries
3,009
Unemployed
4.4
Unemployment rate
20,564
Not in labor force
89,680
69,107
77.1
66,198
73.8
2,411
63,787
2,909
4.2
20,573
89,766
68,990
76.9
66,309
73.9
2,402
63,907
2,681
3.9
20,776
89,829
69,157
77.0
66,258
73.8
2,398
63,860
2,899
4.2
20,672
89,888
69,171
77.0
66,361
73.8
2,390
63,971
2,810
4.1
20,717
89,982
69,198
76.9
66,386
73.8
2,311
64,075
2,812
4.1
20,784
90,068
69,136
76.8
66,298
73.6
2,383
63,915
2,838
4.1
20,932
90,140
69,193
76.8
66,337
73.6
2,298
64,039
2,856
4.1
20,947
90,251
69,500
77.0
66,824
74.0
2,323
64,501
2,676
3.9
20,751
90,339
69,561
77.0
66,676
73.8
2,314
64,362
2,885
4.1
20,778
90,391
69,652
77.1
67,008
74.1
2,282
64,726
2,644
3.8
20,738
90,476
69,601
76.9
66,990
74.0
2,264
64,726
2,611
3.8
20,875
90,502
69,451
76.7
66,753
73.8
2,168
64,585
2,699
3.9
21,051
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .. 105,127 105,200 105,274 105,351 105,433 105,527 105,623 105,718 105,799 105,873 105,997 106,070 106,141
62,951 62,859 62,971 62,981 63,076 63,139 63,247 63,095 63,182 63,507 63,641 63,777 63,827
Civilian labor force
59.7
59.7
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.9
Percent of population
60.1
60.0
60.0
59.9
59.8
60.1
59,620 59,710 59,729 59,806 59,950 59,999 60,105 60,125 60,223 60,582 60,565 60,704 60,697
Employed
56.7
57.1
56.9
56.8
56.7
57.2
57.2
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.8
Employment-population ratio
57.2
56.9
881
875
880
806
808
821
810
876
856
888
859
870
Agriculture
776
58,810 58,889 58,921 59,000 59,070 59,124 59,235 59,266 59,342 59,694 59,709 59,827 59,921
Nonagricultural industries
3,140
3,126
3,175
3,242
3,149
3,331
3,073
3,076
2,925
2,959
2,970
3,142
Unemployed
3,130
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.0
5.3
4.8
4.8
4.6
4.7
4.7
5.0
Unemployment rate
4.9
42,176 42,341 42,303 42,370 42,357 42,388 42,376 42,623 42,617 42,366 42,356 42,293 42,314
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .. 97,638
59,070
Civilian labor force
60.5
Percent of population
56,322
Employed
57.7
Employment-population ratio
752
Agriculture
55,570
Nonagricultural industries
2,748
Unemployed
4.7
Unemployment rate
38,568
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
15,271
8,005
52.4
6,682
43.8
278
6,404
1,323
16.5
7,266
97,685
58,975
60.4
56,357
57.7
775
55,582
2,618
4.4
38,710
97,767
59,129
60.5
56,488
57.8
760
55,728
2,641
4.5
38,638
97,834
59,195
60.5
56,575
57.8
755
55,820
2,620
4.4
38,639
97,919
59,232
60.5
56,693
57.9
831
55,862
2,539
4.3
38,687
98,000
59,362
60.6
56,789
57.9
824
55,965
2,573
4.3
38,638
98,082
59,432
60.6
56,883
58.0
826
56,057
2,549
4.3
38,650
98,144
59,338
60.5
56,919
58.0
814
56,105
2,419
4.1
38,806
98,212
59,348
60.4
56,953
58.0
833
56,120
2,395
4.0
38,864
98,300
59,624
60.7
57,255
58.2
845
56,410
2,369
4.0
38,676
98,420
59,652
60.6
57,040
58.0
811
56,229
2,612
4.4
38,768
98,471
59,721
60.6
57,146
58.0
801
56,345
2,575
4.3
38,750
98,534
59,771
60.7
57,186
58.0
717
56,470
2,585
4.3
38,762
15,309
7,961
52.0
6,720
43.9
276
6,444
1,241
15.6
7,348
15,300
7,941
51.9
6,697
43.8
256
6,441
1,244
15.7
7,359
15,336
7,854
51.2
6,559
42.8
236
6,323
1,295
16.5
7,482
15,359
7,891
51.4
6,607
43.0
231
6,376
1,284
16.3
7,468
15,382
7,844
51.0
6,572
42.7
244
6,328
1,272
16.2
7,538
15,420
7,871
51.0
6,580
42.7
213
6,367
1,291
16.4
7,549
15,483
7,875
50.9
6,654
43.0
215
6,439
1,221
15.5
7,608
15,478
8,016
51.8
6,798
43.9
228
6,570
1,218
15.2
7,462
15,459
7,984
51.6
6,846
44.3
226
6,620
1,138
14.3
7,475
15,427
8,189
53.1
7,035
45.6
227
6,809
1,154
14.1
7,238
15,453
8,235
53.3
7,028
45.5
270
6,758
1,207
14.7
7,218
15,511
8,300
53.5
7,055
45.5
247
6,808
1,245
15.0
7,210
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
N O T E : Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3 through
A-13 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal
adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 1998, data reflect n e w
composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the
household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers In thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1997
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
1998
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
169,569 169,675 169,782 169,897 170,010 170,148 170,290 170,427 170,545 170,649 170,810 170,917 171,016
114,597 114,567 114,562 114,659 114,622 114,669 114,758 114,784 115,073 115,263 115,253 115,392 115,297
67.4
67.4
67.4
67.5
67.4
67.5
67.4
67.5
67.5
67.5
67.5
67.5
67.6
109,528 109,721 109,906 109,779 109,851 109,832 109,904 110,063 110,604 110,729 110,698 110,842 110,605
64.7
64.6
64.7
64.5
64.9
64.6
64.6
64.6
64.9
64.9
64.8
64.7
64.6
4,692
4,837
4,846
4,854
4,550
4,721
4,880
4,771
4,469
4,534
4,555
4,656
5,069
4.1
4.2
4.2
3.9
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.2
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.4
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
59,083
77.6
56,867
74.7
2,216
3.8
59,123
77.6
56,976
74.8
2,147
3.6
59,001
77.4
57,033
74.8
1,968
3.3
59,086
77.5
56,967
74.7
2,119
3.6
59,096
77.4
57,011
74.7
2,085
3.5
59,118
77.4
57,011
74.6
2,107
3.6
59,110
77.3
56,989
74.5
2,121
3.6
59,098
77.2
56,966
74.4
2,132
3.6
59,355
77.5
57,363
74.9
1,992
3.4
59,389
77.5
57,272
74.7
2,117
3.6
59,262
77.3
57,336
74.8
1,926
3.3
59,372
77.4
57,456
74.9
1,916
3.2
59,201
77.1
57,209
74.5
1,992
3.4
48,793
60.0
46,885
57.6
1,908
3.9
48,686
59.8
46,896
57.6
1,790
3.7
48,845
60.0
47,022
57.8
1,823
3.7
48,877
60.0
47,077
57.8
1,800
3.7
48,790
59.9
47,072
57.8
1,718
3.5
48,910
60.0
47,122
57.8
1,788
3.7
48,955
60.0
47,165
57.8
1,790
3.7
48,976
60.0
47,284
57.9
1,692
3.5
48,906
59.9
47,265
57.8
1,641
3.4
49,134
60.1
47,474
58.1
1,660
3.4
49,077
60.0
47,250
57.7
1,827
3.7
49,057
59.9
47,279
57.7
1,778
3.6
49,077
59.9
47,276
57.7
1,801
3.7
6,721
55.4
5,776
47.6
945
14.1
15.1
13.0
6,758
55.7
5,849
48.2
909
13.5
14.6
12.2
6,716
55.3
5,851
48.2
865
12.9
13.0
12.7
6,696
55.0
5,735
47.1
961
14.4
15.8
12.8
6,736
55.3
5,768
47.3
968
14.4
15.0
13.7
6,641
54.4
5,699
46.7
942
14.2
15.1
13.1
6,693
54.8
5,750
47.0
943
14.1
14.4
13.7
6,710
54.9
5,813
47.5
897
13.4
14.3
12.3
6,812
55.6
5,976
48.8
836
12.3
12.8
11.6
6,740
55.0
5,983
48.8
757
11.2
11.3
11.1
6,914
56.3
6,113
49.8
802
11.6
14.2
8.8
6,963
56.6
6,107
49.6
857
12.3
14.7
9.8
7,019
56.9
6,120
49.6
899
12.8
14.9
10.6
23,895
15,438
64.6
13,816
57.8
1,622
10.5
23,923
15,389
64.3
13,864
58.0
1,525
9.9
23,950
15,424
64.4
13,837
57.8
1,587
10.3
23,978
15,426
64.3
13,836
57.7
1,590
10.3
24,006
15,524
64.7
14,040
58.5
1,484
9.6
24,043
15,728
65.4
14,237
59.2
1,491
9.5
24,081
15,691
65.2
14,180
58.9
1,511
9.6
24,117
15,555
64.5
14,067
58.3
1,488
9.6
24,149
15,638
64.8
14,128
58.5
1,510
9.7
24,180
15,709
65.0
14,149
58.5
1,560
9.9
24,196
15,788
65.3
14,316
59.2
1,472
9.3
24,229
15,885
65.6
14,349
59.2
1,535
9.7
24,257
15,971
65.8
14,498
59.8
1,473
9.2
6,823
71.8
6,214
65.4
609
8.9
6,832
71.7
6,256
65.7
576
8.4
6,851
71.7
6,273
65.7
578
8.4
6,925
72.4
6,305
65.9
620
9.0
6,946
72.5
6,371
66.5
575
8.3
7,035
73.3
6,480
67.5
555
7.9
6,978
72.6
6,424
66.8
554
7.9
6,945
72.3
6,367
66.3
578
8.3
6,965
72.1
6,420
66.5
545
7.8
6,957
72.0
6,356
65.8
601
8.6
7,012
72.6
6,456
66.9
556
7.9
6,974
72.1
6,428
66.5
546
7.8
7,044
72.8
6,511
67.3
533
7.6
7,636
63.8
6,937
58.0
699
9.2
7,641
63.8
6,984
58.3
657
8.6
7,671
63.9
6,968
58.1
703
9.2
7,617
63.5
6,932
57.8
685
9.0
7,691
64.1
7,048
58.7
643
8.4
7,771
64.6
7,115
59.1
656
8.4
7,790
64.6
7,135
59.2
655
8.4
7,680
63.6
7,044
58.3
636
8.3
7,731
63.9
7,080
58.6
651
8.4
7,791
64.4
7,163
59.2
628
8.1
7,799
64.3
7,178
59.2
621
8.0
7,952
65.5
7,265
59.8
687
8.6
7,935
65.3
7,284
60.0
651
8.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
,
Percent of population
,
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
,
Employment-population ratio ...,
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1997
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
1998
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
979
40.4
665
27.4
314
32.1
40.5
24.6
916
37.9
624
25.8
292
31.9
37.7
26.3
902
37.5
596
24.8
306
33.9
34.5
33.3
884
36.5
599
24.7
285
32.2
39.1
25.5
887
36.7
621
25.7
266
30.0
34.6
25.9
922
38.3
642
26.6
280
30.4
33.9
27.2
923
38.3
621
25.8
302
32.7
37.6
28.6
930
38.2
656
26.9
274
29.5
30.1
28.8
942
39.2
628
26.1
314
33.3
35.0
31.9
961
39.8
630
26.1
331
34.4
36.2
33.1
977
40.5
683
28.3
294
30.1
31.8
28.5
959
39.6
656
27.1
302
31.5
34.7
28.4
992
40.9
703
29.0
289
29.1
27.8
30.3
20,119
13,666
20,180
13,601
67.4
12,514
20,236
13,760
68.0
20,351
13,861
20,407
13,886
68.0
12,867
63.1
1,019
7.3
20,464
13,861
67.7
12,807
62.6
1,054
7.6
20,519
13,896
67.7
12,806
62.4
20,575
13,880
67.5
20,629
13,973
20,798
14,149
20,851
14,298
12,921
62.8
12,921
62.6
20,741
13,954
67.3
12,988
62.6
1,090
7.8
959
6.9
1,052
7.5
68.0
13,181
63.4
968
6.8
68.6
13,305
63.8
993
6.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
67.9
12,533
62.3
1,133
8.3
62.0
62.8
20,293
13,814
68.1
12,751
62.8
1,087
8.0
1,047
7.6
1,063
7.7
12,713
68.1
12,772
62.8
1,089
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
7.9
67.7
966
6.9
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised
population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1998
Educational attainment
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec,
Jan.
Feb.
Mar,
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30,190 30,086 30,198 29,924 29,288 29,314 29,350 29,046 29,505 29,566 29,981 29,228 29,251
12,629 12,543 12,590 12,608 12,554 12,534 12,555 12,468 12,511 12,555 12,682 12,555 12,392
42.5
42.4
42.9
42.8
42.8
42.9
41.7
42.4
42.3
42.1
41.7
41.8
43.0
11,572 11,513 11,556 11,575 11,579 11,573 11,548 11,502 11,575 11,606 11,771 11,676 11,500
39.3
38.7
39.3
39.2
39.6
39.3
39.5
39.5
39.9
38.3
38.3
38.3
39.3
949
1,007
879
CJOO
961
975
1,034
1,057
911
936
1,033
1,030
891
7.6
7.7
7.7
7.8
8.4
7.2
8.0
8.2
8.2
8.2
7.2
7.0
7.5
High school graduates, no college2
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
57,148 57,239 57,392 57,643 57,581 57,607 57,483 57,459 57,310 57,631 57,606 57,418 57,885
37,776 37,687 37,669 37,826 37,987 37,842 37,585 37,759 37,641 37,827 37,787 37,807 37,931
65.7
66.0
65.6
65.6
65.4
65.6
65.6
65.8
65.7
65.7
65.8
66.1
65.5
36,115 36,098 36,097 36,174 36,382 36,225 36,003 36,179 36,193 36,287 36,303 36,302 36,331
63.2
63.0
63.0
62.9
62.8
63.2
63.2
63.0
62.6
62.9
63.1
63.2
62.8
1,582
1,617
1,652
1,540
1,485
1,580
1,605
1,572
1,661
1,505
1,448
1,589
1,600
4.2
4.4
4.1
3.9
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.0
3.8
4.2
4.2
Less than a bachelor's degree3
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
41,675 41,528 41,648 41,747 42,322 42,401 42,075 42,613 42,417 42,085 41,718 42,527 42,313
31,306 31,192 31,279 31,333 31,227 31,445 31,401 31,328 31,544 31,506 31,440 31,505 31,515
74.9
75.4
74.2
74.6
73.8
75.1
74.1
74.4
73.5
75.1
75.1
74.5
75.1
30,179 30,153 30,342 30,316 30,239 30,438 30,382 30,410 30,574 30,484 30,429 30,538 30,471
72.4
72.4
71.4
72.2
71.8
71.4
72.9
72.1
72.0
71.8
72.6
72.9
72.6
1,127
1,019
988 1,007
1,011
918
937 1,017
967 1,043
970 1,022
1,039
3.2
3.6
3.2
3.2
2.9
3.2
3.2
3.0
3.3
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.3
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
2
3
40,874 41,099 40,909 40,955 41,171 41,232 41,769 41,696 41,739 41,822 41,974 42,238 42,085
32,817 33,135 32,971 33,036 33,159 33,290 33,577 33,510 33,505 33,678 33,685 33,672 33,777
80.4
80.7
80.5
80.7
80.3
80.5
80.4
80.6
80.6
79.7
80.3
80.3
80.3
32,138 32,477 32,265 32,356 32,474 32,592 32,891 32,868 32,916 33,083 33,040 33,029 33,145
79.1
78.7
79.0
78.9
79.0
79.0
78.6
78.2
78.7
78.8
78.9
78.9
78.8
698
685
680
658
679
595
642
686
706
589
645
632
643
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.0
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.9
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
10
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age
1997
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
1998
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
,
,
,
105,631 105,862 106,095 106,343 106,548 106,672 106,926 106,824 107,491 107,452 107,777 107,788 107,696
61,728 62,055 62,160 62,245 62,332 62,376 62,487 62,439 63,014 62,829 62,909 62,810 62,740
60,423 60,767 60,863 60,976 61,038 61,101 61,197 61,142 61,672 61,505 61,652 61,534 61,434
43,867 43,778 43,912 44,146 44,304 44,375 44,436 44,369 44,452 44,589 44,741 44,869 44,855
42,952 42,943 43,085 43,281 43,364 43,468 43,518 43,479 43,546 43,691 43,856 43,898 43,810
2,086
2,146
2,203
2,256
2,268
2,256
2,152
2,147
2,103
2,211
2,273
2,356
2,452
23,411
7,640
5,532
23,327
7,487
5,326
15,816
13,400
4,601
22,987
7,323
5,260
15,689
13,280
4,447
23,016
7,375
5,323
15,628
13,290
4,403
23,061
7,436
5,355
15,623
13,291
4,415
23,004
7,348
5,278
15,652
13,366
4,360
23,163
7,401
5,255
15,766
13,432
4,476
23,244
7,432
5,226
15,802
13,447
4,571
23,422
7,459
5,257
16,014
13,559
4,606
23,373
7,469
5,273
15,833
13,258
4,842
23,249
7,547
5,319
4,510
23,322
7,439
5,378
15,899
13,405
4,539
15,704
13,175
4,755
23,428
7,550
5,305
15,901
13,382
4,742
Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5,670
3,110
2,746
2,521
2,262
662
5,375
2,986
2,651
2,410
2,140
584
5,300
2,855
2,487
2,472
2,162
651
5,480
3,164
2,669
2,395
2,125
686
5,329
2,961
2,585
2,344
2,102
642
5,305
2,958
2,568
2,369
2,116
621
5,309
2,984
2,571
2,361
2,069
669
5,215
2,991
2,600
2,254
1,979
636
4,987
2,834
2,466
2,205
1,905
616
5,203
2,994
2,689
2,220
1,914
600
5,075
2,645
2,438
2,296
2,102
536
5,070
2,610
2,386
2,369
2,137
547
5,126
2,725
2,462
2,322
2,050
613
Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
1,411
585
259
805
483
669
1,394
639
256
768
486
652
1,303
519
193
788
496
614
1,296
542
227
772
474
595
1,305
558
219
766
445
641
1,346
577
233
752
459
654
1,328
561
245
751
458
625
1,288
570
263
705
440
585
1,329
551
226
779
499
604
1,238
502
220
753
462
556
1,339
549
206
760
505
627
1,279
583
220
708
443
615
1,409
582
234
806
536
640
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.1
4.8
4.3
5.4
5.0
22.7
4.8
4.6
4.2
5.2
4.7
21.3
4.8
4.4
3.9
5.3
4.8
23.3
4.9
4.8
4.2
5.1
4.7
24.7
4.8
4.5
4.1
5.0
4.6
23.0
4.7
4.5
4.0
5.1
4.6
22.8
4.7
4.6
4.0
5.0
4.5
23.2
4.7
4.6
4.1
4.8
4.4
22.4
4.4
4.3
3.8
4.7
4.2
21.3
4.6
4.5
4.2
4.7
4.2
21.0
4.5
4.0
3.8
4.9
4.6
19.1
4.5
4.0
3.7
5.0
4.6
18.8
4.5
4.2
3.9
4.9
4.5
20.0
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.7
7.1
4.5
4.8
3.5
12.9
5.6
7.9
4.5
4.6
3.5
12.6
5.3
6.5
3.5
4.7
3.6
11.8
5.3
6.9
4.1
4.7
3.4
11.8
5.4
7.0
4.0
4.7
3.2
12.7
5.5
7.2
4.2
4.6
3.3
12.9
5.5
7.1
4.4
4.6
3.3
12.5
5.3
7.2
4.8
4.3
3.2
11.6
5.4
6.9
4.1
4.7
3.6
11.7
5.0
6.3
4.0
4.5
3.3
10.8
5.4
6.8
3.8
4.6
3.7
11.5
5.2
7.2
4.0
4.3
3.3
11.5
5.7
7.2
4.2
4.8
3.8
11.9
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
15,802
13,369
UNEMPLOYED
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1
1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1997
1998
Category
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar,
MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
129,035 129,275 129,494 129,392 129,661 129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777 131,083 131,163 130,994
42,502 42,426 42,375 42,476 42,582 42,680 42,648 42,771 42,967 42,952 42,977 42,915 42,779
32,690 32,549 32,520 32,654 32,813 32,861 32,846 32,978 32,840 32,975 32,793 32,821 32,872
7,876
7,865
7,784
7,884
7,892
7,726
7,822
7,875
7,696
7,776
7,790
7,820
7,820
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
37,618
37,571
37,356
37,549
37,598
37,765
37,860
37,844
37,986
38,205
38,099
38,164
38,454
38,153
17,319
14,138
18,267
3,513
38,143
17,326
14,216
18,382
3,572
38,304
17,418
14,279
18,593
3,612
38,188
17,450
14,282
18,540
3,502
38,240
17,550
14,234
18,476
3,531
38,334
17,713
14,038
18,452
3,442
38,535
17,746
13,859
18,302
3,483
38,537
17,723
14,051
18,385
3,438
38,540
17,827
14,191
18,467
3,512
38,562
17,890
14,299
18,394
3,472
38,382
18,162
14,285
18,622
3,355
38,491
17,950
14,456
18,632
3,436
38,693
17,752
14,656
18,179
3,269
1,901
1,433
59
1,952
1,438
62
1,917
1,442
52
1,912
1,429
47
1,897
1,478
52
1,853
1,477
50
1,889
1,495
44
1,815
1,475
55
1,855
1,493
49
1,844
1,496
54
1,949
1,348
44
1,928
1,324
41
1,866
1,242
32
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
116,413 116,515 116,874 116,642 117,146 117,372 117,303 117,635 118,083 118,403 118,529 118,961 119,131
98,346 98,467 99,011 98,529 98,843 99,169 99,194 99,560 99,913 100,155 100,108 100,583 101,058
877
877
923
935
946
948
911
910
985
882
888
1,035
1,022
97,464 97,544 98,063 97,641 97,932 98,234 98,317 98,683 99,003 99,209 99,123 99,547 100,037
18,048
17,863 18,113
18,303 18,203 18,109 18,075
18,170 18,248 18,421
18,067
18,378
18,072
8,930
9,124
8,949
8,955
8,886
9,098
8,927
9,004
8,964
9,219
9,089
8,761
8,784
92
133
83
126
142
129
97
109
99
131
117
128
102
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time tor noneconomic reasons
4,162
2,340
1,519
18,144
4,360
2,402
1,625
18,155
4,060
2,295
1,440
18,218
4,049
2,347
1,373
18,205
4,019
2,236
1,489
18,055
3,988
2,164
1,487
18,096
3,928
2,187
1,455
17,901
3,913
2,211
1,406
18,113
3,890
2,221
1,386
18,083
3,855
2,230
1,323
18,386
4,082
2,282
1,400
18,515
3,882
2,123
1,455
18,407
3,902
2,188
1,445
18,448
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
3,957
2,210
1,484
17,559
4,204
2,279
1,599
17,588
3,853
2,166
1,402
17,654
3,819
2,202
1,320
17,577
3,858
2,121
1,462
17,452
3,832
2,066
1,455
17,521
3,739
2,067
1,417
17,381
3,732
2,103
1,378
17,537
3,689
2,100
1,346
17,486
3,654
2,113
1,291
17,791
3,865
2,162
1,373
17,898
3,743
2,025
1,433
17,786
3,726
2,057
1,416
17,929
1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full
time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as
holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
12
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1997
1998
Age and sex
Mar.
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Apr.
May
June
July
Sept.
Oct,
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
129,035 129,275 129,494 129,392 129,661 129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777 131,083 131,163 130,994
19,587 19,563
19,574
18,919 19,017 18,855 19,013 19,002 19,257 19,304
19,069 19,191
19,022
6,798
6,654
6,572
6,607
6,697
7,035
7,028
6,846
6,580
6,559
6,720
6,682
7,055
2,680
2,680
2,567
2,622
2,615
2,843
2,640
2,628
2,702
2,803
2,676
2,648
2,840
4,118
3,976
3,976
3,982
4,105
4,193
3,936
3,943
4,010
4,025
4,215
4,224
4,176
12,360 12,410 12,283 12,433
12,348 12,459 12,458 12,539 12,560 12,508
12,340 12,349 12,494
110,007 110,241 110,337 110,487 110,610 110,858 110,831 110,964 111,251 111,445 111,463 111,505 111,398
95,125 95,099 95,055
94,009 94,225 94,225 94,540 94,717 94,910 94,772 94,707 94,859 94,941
16,220 16,417 16,523 16,367
15,999 15,929 16,031 15,892 15,934 16,063 16,104
16,401 16,388
69,415
69,565
69,765
69,586
69,711
69,748
69,656
69,785
70,352
70,195
70,518
70,459
70,297
9,918
3,384
1,343
2,034
6,534
59,479
50,549
8,928
9,943
3,367
1,349
2,016
6,576
59,599
50,652
8,921
10,134
3,456
1,338
2,126
6,678
59,639
50,680
8,958
9,904
3,328
1,338
2,001
6,576
59,671
50,772
8,858
9,929
3,350
1,331
2,007
6,579
59,781
50,858
8,932
9,895
3,362
1,339
1,996
6,533
59,850
50,906
9,007
9,880
3,358
1,360
1,980
6,522
59,877
50,871
9,009
9,889
3,448
1,398
2,075
6,441
59,952
50,867
9,060
10,070
3,528
1,401
2,128
6,542
60,234
51,125
9,152
10,010
3,519
1,377
2,151
6,491
60,168
51,034
9,151
10,178
3,510
1,472
2,041
6,668
60,288
51,235
9,048
10,132
3,470
1,397
2,080
6,662
60,315
51,201
9,087
10,167
3,544
1,452
2,093
6,622
60,117
51,144
8,991
59,620
59,710
59,729
59,806
59,950
59,999
60,105
60,125
60,223
60,582
60,565
60,704
60,697
9,104
3,298
1,305
1,991
5,806
50,528
43,460
7,071
9,126
3,353
1,353
1,994
5,773
50,642
43,573
7,008
9,057
3,241
1,277
1,979
5,816
50,698
43,545
7,073
9,015
3,231
1,290
1,942
5,784
50,816
43,768
7,034
9,088
3,257
1,291
1,975
5,831
50,829
43,859
7,002
8,960
3,210
1,228
1,980
5,750
51,008
44,004
7,056
9,133
3,222
1,280
1,956
5,911
50,954
43,901
7,095
9,113
3,206
1,282
1,901
5,907
51,012
43,840
7,160
9,187
3,270
1,279
1,990
5,917
51,017
43,734
7,265
9,294
3,327
1,299
2,025
5,967
51,277
43,907
7,372
9,396
3,525
1,371
2,152
5,871
51,175
43,890
7,319
9,455
3,558
1,406
2,144
5,898
51,190
43,898
7,314
9,397
3,511
1,388
2,122
5,886
51,281
43,910
7,397
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
Aug.
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
13
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1997
1998
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Mar
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
7,080
6,768
6,566
6,814
6,633
6,657
6,678
6,496
6,289
6,392
6,409
6,393
6,529
2,522
1,323
622
705
1,199
4,547
4,014
538
2,434
1,241
610
632
1,193
4,287
3,767
479
2,361
1,244
586
664
1,117
4,249
3,787
480
2,426
1,295
550
743
1,131
4,371
3,867
509
2,350
1,284
571
729
1,066
4,245
3,750
488
2,393
1,272
559
722
1,121
4,296
3,778
504
2,408
1,291
631
669
1,117
4,304
3,791
512
2,375
1,221
568
654
1,154
4,122
3,636
472
2,360
1,218
574
646
1,142
3,923
3,461
472
2,300
1,138
576
555
1,162
4,149
3,659
480
2,371
1,154
596
549
1,218
4,019
3,588
459
2,378
1,207
638
538
1,171
4,018
3,571
450
2,335
1,245
579
670
1,090
4,184
3,712
486
3,749
3,619
3,324
3,639
3,507
3,517
3,536
3,526
3,330
3,467
3,333
3,320
3,399
1,370
740
354
390
630
2,359
2,052
313
1,334
710
341
371
624
2,272
1,994
262
1,209
643
304
345
566
2,156
1,878
264
1,337
740
328
421
597
2,292
2,007
285
1,293
697
309
385
596
2,201
1,928
274
1,334
705
295
417
629
2,220
1,921
284
1,347
698
314
381
649
2,182
1,901
276
1,350
670
311
360
680
2,176
1,887
277
1,325
654
312
349
671
2,005
1,727
278
1,250
582
310
268
668
2,213
1,896
325
1,278
689
330
357
588
2,050
1,785
289
1,348
709
371
313
639
1,975
1,718
268
1,282
700
330
374
582
2,102
1,828
285
3,331
3,149
3,242
3,175
3,126
3,140
3,142
2,970
2,959
2,925
3,076
3,073
3,130
1,100
531
269
261
569
2,015
1,773
217
1,152
601
282
319
551
2,093
1,909
216
1,089
555
222
322
534
2,079
1,860
224
1,057
587
262
344
470
2,044
1,822
214
1,059
567
264
305
492
2,076
1,857
220
1,061
593
317
288
468
2,122
1,890
236
1,025
551
257
294
474
1,946
1,749
195
1,035
564
262
297
471
1,918
1,734
194
1,050
556
266
287
494
1,936
1,763
155
1,094
464
266
191
629
1,969
1,802
170
1,030
498
267
225
532
2,043
1,853
181
1,053
545
249
296
508
2,082
1,884
201
1,152
583
268
315
569
2,188
1,962
225
N O T E : Beginning in January 1998, data reflect n e w composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
14
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1997
1998
Age and sex
Mar.
Totai, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Apr.
May
June
July
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
5.2
5.0
4.8
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.7
11.7
16.5
19.0
14.9
8.9
4.0
4.1
3.3
11.3
15.6
18.4
13.6
8.8
3.7
3.8
2.9
11.0
15.7
18.3
13.9
8.2
3.7
3.9
2.9
11.4
16.5
17.3
15.9
8.4
3.8
3.9
3.1
11.0
16.3
17.9
15.5
7.9
3.7
3.8
3.0
11.3
16.2
17.9
15.4
8.4
3.7
3.8
3.0
11.2
16.4
19.3
14.5
8.2
3.7
3.8
3.1
11.1
15.5
17.5
14.1
8.5
3.6
3.7
2.8
10.9
15.2
17.6
13.6
8.4
3.4
3.5
2.8
10.6
14.3
17.7
11.7
8.5
3.6
3.7
2.8
10.8
14.1
17.3
11.6
8.9
3.5
3.6
2.7
10.8
14.7
18.5
11.3
8.5
3.5
3.6
2.7
10.7
15.0
16.9
13.7
8.0
3.6
3.8
2.9
5.1
4.9
4.5
5.0
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.5
4.7
4.5
4.5
4.6
12.1
17.9
20.9
16.1
8.8
3.8
3.9
3.4
11.8
17.4
20.2
15.5
8.7
3.7
3.8
2.9
10.7
15.7
18.5
14.0
7.8
3.5
3.6
2.9
11.9
18.2
19.7
17.4
8.3
3.7
3.8
3.1
11.5
17.2
18.8
16.1
8.3
3.6
3.7
3.0
11.9
17.3
18.1
17.3
8.8
3.6
3.6
3.1
12.0
17.2
18.8
16.1
9.1
3.5
3.6
3.0
12.0
16.3
18.2
14.8
9.5
3.5
3.6
3.0
11.6
15.6
18.2
14.1
9.3
3.2
3.3
2.9
11.1
14.2
18.4
11.1
9.3
3.5
3.6
3.4
11.2
16.4
18.3
14.9
8.1
3.3
3.4
3.1
11.7
17.0
21.0
13.1
8.7
3.2
3.2
2.9
11.2
16.5
18.5
15.2
8.1
3.4
3.5
3.1
5.3
5.0
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.8
4.8
4.9
10.8
13.7
16.6
11.6
9.0
3.8
3.9
3.0
11.3
15.6
18.1
13.9
8.7
4.0
4.2
3.0
10.8
14.7
14.7
14.2
8.5
3.9
4.1
3.1
10.4
15.3
16.9
14.8
7.5
3.9
4.0
3.0
10.6
15.0
17.7
13.3
7.9
3.9
4.0
3.0
10.4
15.5
19.8
12.8
7.3
4.0
4.1
3.2
10.2
14.3
17.0
12.4
7.6
3.6
3.9
2.1
10.4
11.6
16.3
8.2
9.7
3.7
3.9
2.3
9.8
12.3
16.0
9.5
8.3
3.8
4.1
2.4
10.1
13.4
15.2
12.2
7.9
3.9
4.1
2.6
11.2
15.0
17.0
13.7
8.9
4.2
4.3
3.1
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
Aug.
10.1
14.7
16.7
13.4
7.4
3.7
3.8
2.7
10.1
14.7
17.0
13.0
7.4
3.6
3.8
2.6
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
15
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1997
1998
Category
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
5.0
4.2
4.4
15.6
4.8
3.9
4.5
15.7
5.0
4.2
4.4
16.5
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.3
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.2
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.4
4.8
4.1
4.1
15.5
4.6
3.9
4.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.2
4.4
4.7
16.5
15.2
4.7
4.1
4.0
14.3
4.7
3.8
4.4
14.1
4.6
3.8
4.3
14.7
4.7
3.9
4.3
15.0
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
4.4
9.3
10.5
8.3
4.2
8.9
9.9
8.0
4.1
9.2
4.3
8.9
10.3
7.6
10.3
7.7
4.2
8.4
9.6
7.9
4.2
8.4
9.5
7.3
4.2
8.4
9.6
7.6
4.1
8.2
9.6
7.8
3.9
8.4
9.7
6.9
3.9
8.6
9.9
7.5
4.0
8.3
9.3
6.9
3.9
8.3
9.7
6.8
4.1
8.2
9.2
6.9
2.8
3.3
8.7
2.7
3.2
7.9
2.7
3.2
7.9
2.7
3.2
8.0
2.6
3.1
7.6
2.6
3.0
8.0
2.6
3.1
7.8
2.6
2.8
7.8
2.4
2.8
8.1
2.6
2.8
7.7
2.6
3.1
7.6
2.5
3.1
7.6
2.5
3.3
7.6
2.1
4.3
4.9
8.0
7.3
2.0
4.2
4.8
7.4
6.8
2.1
3.9
4.7
7.2
6.6
2.0
4.2
4.8
7.4
7.9
2.0
4.1
4.9
7.4
6.5
2.0
4.1
4.7
7.6
7.2
2.0
4.0
4.8
7.8
6.7
1.8
3.9
5.3
7.1
7.3
1.7
3.9
4.5
7.1
6.6
1.9
4.0
4.7
7.0
7.2
2.0
4.2
4.6
5.9
6.8
2.0
4.0
4.1
6.5
6.3
1.8
4.1
4.5
6.9
7.1
5.2
5.5
3.9
9.4
4.3
3.7
5.3
5.1
3.9
6.3
3.2
4.9
2.8
9.3
5.0
5.4
2.3
8.8
4.4
3.6
5.5
4.9
2.9
6.2
3.3
4.6
2.4
9.5
5.0
5.3
3.3
8.6
4.3
3.6
5.3
4.9
3.6
6.1
3.1
4.7
2.5
7.6
5.0
5.2
2.8
8.8
4.2
3.6
5.0
4.9
3.0
6.4
2.5
4.7
2.8
10.4
4.9
5.3
4.1
8.7
4.3
3.5
5.4
4.8
3.4
6.1
3.1
4.4
2.7
8.4
5.0
5.3
4.9
9.0
4.1
3.5
5.0
4.9
3.7
6.2
3.0
4.5
2.6
8.9
5.0
5.2
3.4
8.7
4.1
3.3
5.3
4.9
3.8
6.2
3.0
4.6
2.6
9.0
4.8
5.0
4.5
8.7
3.8
3.1
4.8
4.7
3.3
6.1
2.9
4.3
2.4
9.6
4.7
4.6
3.3
7.9
3.6
3.1
4.4
4.7
3.1
6.2
2.4
4.4
2.3
8.6
4.8
5.0
3.3
8.9
3.8
3.1
4.9
4.7
3.3
5.8
2.8
4.5
2.1
9.7
4.7
4.8
4.0
7.9
3.9
3.4
4.5
4.7
3.8
5.9
2.6
4.3
2.4
10.6
4.7
4.7
2.6
7.8
3.7
2.9
5.0
4.7
3.2
5.8
2.6
4.7
2.3
8.6
4.7
5.0
3.7
8.6
3.8
3.6
4.2
4.6
3.3
5.4
2.6
4.7
2.9
9.7
CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
16
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12, Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1998
1997
Reason
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
3,148
993
2,961
909
3,094
928
2,954
894
3,010
891
3,007
893
2,795
821
2,166
827
2,333
510
2,060
812
2,263
564
2,119
894
2,173
554
2,114
853
2,263
560
2,886
815
2,071
655
2,229
560
2,807
860
2,052
808
2,338
573
2,934
963
1,971
732
2,247
555
2,991
961
2,030
692
1,947
808
2,497
617
3,038
958
2,080
776
2,422
569
2,170
552
2,229
518
1,975
786
2,266
543
2,980
980
2,000
744
2,215
549
100.0
44.6
14.1
30.5
11.3
35.4
8.7
100.0
44.6
14.1
30.6
11.4
35.6
8.4
100.0
44.3
13.6
30.7
12.1
35.0
8.6
100.0
45.7
13.7
32.0
12.2
34.5
7.5
100.0
44.8
13.6
31.2
12.3
34.3
8.6
100.0
45.4
13.4
32.0
13.5
32.8
8.4
100.0
45.0
13.4
31.6
12.8
33.9
8.4
100.0
45.4
14.9
30.5
11.3
34.7
8.6
100.0
45.6
12.9
32.7
10.3
35.2
8.8
100.0
46.7
15.0
31.7
10.8
33.9
8.6
100.0
44.1
13.5
30.6
12.7
35.0
8.1
100.0
43.7
12.8
30.9
12.3
35.5
8.5
100.0
45.9
15.1
30.8
11.5
34.1
8.5
2.3
.6
1.8
.5
2.2
.6
1.8
.4
2.2
.6
1.7
.4
2.3
.6
1.7
.4
2.2
.6
1.7
.4
2.2
.7
1.6
.4
2.2
.6
1.7
.4
2.2
.5
1.6
.4
2.1
.5
1.6
.4
2.2
.5
1.6
.4
2.0
.6
1.6
.4
2.0
.6
1.6
.4
2.2
.5
1.6
.4
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
JOD losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
2,155
797
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE:
Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-13. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1998
Duration
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
2,618
2,325
2,079
1,003
1,076
2,471
2,177
2,088
1,033
1,055
2,542
2,067
2,076
1,054
1,022
2,541
2:188
2,069
1,031
1,038
2,446
2,097
2,128
1,061
1,067
2,564
2,121
2,027
950
1,077
2,484
2,115
2,109
1,031
1,078
2,558
1,912
1,990
919
1,071
2,423
2,048
1,865
899
966
2,531
1,922
1,964
936
1,028
2,488
1,971
1,811
773
1,038
2,622
1,909
1,830
855
974
2,858
1,979
1,731
841
891
15.4
7.9
15.4
8.1
15.3
7.8
15.3
7.9
16.5
8.2
15.8
7.9
15.9
8.1
16.3
7.7
15.6
7.8
16.3
7.7
15.6
7.4
15.6
7.2
14.3
68
100.0
37.3
33.1
29.6
14.3
15.3
100.0
36.7
32.3
31.0
15.3
15.7
100.0
38.0
30.9
31.1
15.8
15.3
100.0
37.4
32.2
30.4
15.2
15.3
100.0
36.7
31.4
31.9
15.9
16.0
100.0
38.2
31.6
30.2
14.2
16.0
100.0
37.0
31.5
31.4
15.4
16.1
100.0
39.6
29.6
30.8
14.2
16.6
100.0
38.2
32.3
29.4
14.2
15.2
100.0
39.4
30.0
30.6
14.6
16.0
100.0
39.7
31.4
28.9
12.3
16.6
100.0
41.2
30.0
28.8
134
15.3
100.0
43.5
30.1
26.4
12 8
13.6
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
NOTE:
Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
17
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1998
Civilian labor force
Age, sex. and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
204,547
15,511
7,894
7,617
17,502
117,218
39,012
18,712
20,300
44,186
22,471
21,715
34,020
18,617
15,403
22,164
12,163
10,002
32,151
9,420
8,559
14,173
136,967
7,742
3,062
4,680
13,404
98,812
33,139
15,947
17,192
37,483
18,904
18,579
28,189
15,819
12,371
13,205
8,479
4,727
3,804
2,102
1,067
635
67.0
49.9
38.8
61.4
76.6
84.3
84.9
85.2
84.7
84.8
84.1
85.6
82.9
85.0
80.3
59.6
69.7
47.3
11.8
22.3
12.5
4.5
130,150
6,571
2,507
4,064
12,269
94,826
31,469
15,079
16,390
36,048
18.167
17,881
27,310
15,290
12,020
12,812
8.222
4,590
3,672
2,026
1,025
621
63.6
42.4
31.8
53.4
70.1
80.9
80.7
80.6
80.7
81.6
80.8
82.3
80.3
82.1
78.0
57.8
67.6
45.9
11.4
21.5
12.0
4.4
2,931
189
79
110
295
1,868
657
291
366
644
346
298
567
309
258
366
202
163
214
96
69
48
127,219
6,383
2,428
3,955
11,973
92,958
30,811
14,788
16,023
35,404
17,821
17,583
26,743
14,981
11,762
12,446
8,020
4,427
3,459
1,930
956
573
6,816
1,170
555
615
1,135
3,986
1,671
868
803
1,435
737
698
880
529
351
394
257
137
132
76
42
14
5.0
15.1
18.1
13.2
8.5
4.0
5.0
5.4
4.7
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.1
3.3
2.8
3.0
3.0
2.9
3.5
3.6
3.9
2.2
67,580
7,769
4,832
2,937
4,099
18,406
5.873
2,765
3,108
6,703
3,567
3,136
5,830
2,798
3,032
8,959
3,684
5,275
28,347
7,318
7,492
13,537
98,405
7,903
4,064
3,839
8,730
57,608
19,223
9,175
10,049
21,805
11,089
10,716
16,579
9,106
7,473
10,600
5,868
4,732
13,564
4,335
3,727
5,502
73,285
3,929
1,584
2,345
7,044
52,987
17,961
8,548
9,413
20,134
10,230
9,904
14,892
8,319
6,573
7,198
4,585
2,614
2,126
1,150
611
365
74.5
49.7
39.0
61.1
80.7
92.0
93.4
93.2
93.7
92.3
92.3
92.4
89.8
91.4
88.0
67.9
78.1
55.2
15.7
26.5
16.4
6.6
69,506
3,243
1,256
1,987
6.396
50,864
17,088
8,073
9,014
19,401
9.866
9,535
14,376
8,017
6,358
6,954
4,431
2,524
2,049
1,104
590
355
70.6
41.0
30.9
51.8
73.3
88.3
88.9
88.0
89.7
89.0
89.0
89.0
86.7
88.0
85.1
65.6
75.5
53.3
15.1
25.5
15.8
6.5
2,207
141
66
76
220
1,416
518
227
291
502
282
220
396
228
167
258
135
123
172
81
54
37
67,299
3,102
1,190
1,912
6,176
49,448
16,569
7,846
8,723
18,899
9,584
9,314
13,980
7,789
6,191
6,696
4,296
2,400
1,877
1,023
536
318
3,779
686
329
357
649
2,123
873
474
399
733
364
369
516
302
215
244
154
90
78
46
21
10
5.2
17.5
20.7
15.2
9.2
4.0
4.9
5.6
4.2
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.5
3.6
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.6
4.0
3.5
2.6
25,121
3,974
2,480
1,495
1,686
4,621
1,263
627
636
1,671
859
812
1,687
787
900
3,402
1,284
2,118
11,438
3,185
3,116
5,137
106,141
7,608
3,830
3,778
8,772
59,610
19,788
9,537
10,251
22,381
11,381
10,999
17,441
9,511
7,929
11,564
6,295
5,270
18,587
5,084
4,832
8,671
63,682
3,813
1,478
2,335
6,359
45,825
15,178
7,399
7,779
17,349
8,674
8,675
13,297
7,500
5,797
6.007
3,894
2,113
1,678
952
456
271
60.0
50.1
38.6
61.8
72.5
76.9
76.7
77.6
75.9
77.5
76.2
78.9
76.2
78.9
73.1
51.9
61.9
40.1
9.0
18.7
9.4
3.1
60,644
3.329
1,251
2,077
5,873
43,962
14,381
7,006
7,375
16,647
8,301
8,346
12,934
7,273
5,661
5.857
3,791
2,066
1,623
922
435
266
57.1
43.8
32.7
55.0
66.9
73.7
72.7
73.5
71.9
74.4
72.9
75.9
74.2
76.5
71.4
50.7
60.2
39.2
8.7
18.1
9.0
3.1
724
47
13
34
75
452
139
64
75
142
64
78
171
80
91
108
68
40
42
15
16
11
59,921
3,281
1,238
2,043
5.798
43,510
14,242
6,942
7,300
16,505
8,237
8,269
12,763
7,192
5,571
5,750
3,724
2,026
1,581
907
419
255
3,038
484
226
258
486
1,863
798
394
404
702
373
329
364
228
136
150
103
47
54
30
20
5
4.8
12.7
15.3
11.0
7.6
4.1
5.3
5.3
5.2
4.0
4.3
3.8
2.7
3.0
2.3
2.5
2.6
2.2
3.2
3.1
4.5
1.7
42,459
3,795
2,352
1,443
2,413
13,785
4,610
2,138
2,472
5,032
2,708
2,324
4,143
2,011
2,132
5,557
2,400
3,157
16,909
4,133
4,376
8,400
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
,
,
See footnotes at end of table.
18
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1998
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
171,016
12,337
6,255
6,082
14,084
96,865
31,513
15,081
16,433
36,523
18,535
17,988
28,829
15,706
13,123
19,103
10,472
8,631
28,626
8,225
7,641
12,760
114,822
6,584
2,627
3,957
11,086
82,246
26,932
12,966
13.966
31,194
15,704
15,490
24,121
13,439
10,682
11,507
7,403
4,105
3,398
1,880
973
545
67.1
53.4
42.0
65.1
78.7
84.9
85.5
86.0
85.0
85.4
84.7
86.1
83.7
85.6
81.4
60.2
70.7
47.6
11.9
22.9
12.7
4.3
109,842
5,720
2,229
3,492
10,311
79,352
25,775
12,350
13,424
30,142
15,186
14,957
23,435
13,037
10,397
11,160
7 Ml
3,983
3,300
1,823
943
533
64.2
46.4
35.6
57.4
73.2
81.9
81.8
81.9
81.7
82.5
81.9
83.1
81.3
83.0
79.2
58.4
68.5
46.2
11.5
22.2
12.3
4.2
2,776
186
77
110
293
1,758
622
275
347
607
317
290
529
296
233
329
187
142
210
92
69
48
107,066
5,534
2,152
3,382
10,018
77,594
25,152
12,075
13,077
29.535
14,868
14,667
22,906
12,742
10,164
10,831
6,990
3,842
3,090
1,731
874
485
4,980
864
399
465
775
2,895
1,157
616
541
1,051
519
533
686
402
285
347
226
121
99
56
30
12
4.3
13.1
15.2
11.8
7.0
3.5
4.3
4.8
3.9
3.4
3.3
3.4
2.8
3.0
2.7
3.0
3.1
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.1
2.3
56,194
5,753
3,627
2,126
2,998
14,619
4.581
2,114
2,467
5,329
2,830
2,499
4,709
2,267
2,441
7,596
3,069
4,526
25,227
6,345
6,668
12,214
83,098
6,334
3,230
3,105
7,141
48,264
15,754
7,534
8,220
18,262
9,277
8,985
14,248
7,795
6,453
9.223
5,092
4,132
12,136
3,811
3,385
4,940
62,479
3,395
1,375
2,020
5,920
44,896
14,917
7,121
7,796
17,058
8,650
8,408
12,921
7,164
5,757
6,363
4,060
2,303
1,906
1,028
561
317
75.2
53.6
42.6
65.1
82.9
93.0
94.7
94.5
94.8
93.4
93.2
93.6
90.7
91.9
89.2
69.0
79.7
55.7
15.7
27.0
16.6
6.4
59,611
2,859
1,120
1,739
5,448
43,316
14,273
6,764
7.509
16,520
8,395
8,125
12,523
6,937
5,585
6,137
3,917
2,220
1,851
998
546
307
71.7
45.1
34.7
56.0
76.3
89.7
90.6
89.8
91.4
90.5
90.5
90.4
87.9
89.0
86.6
66.5
76.9
53.7
15.2
26.2
16.1
6.2
2,082
141
66
76
218
1,329
490
216
274
474
261
212
366
218
148
225
120
106
169
78
54
37
57,529
2,718
1,055
1,663
5.230
41,987
13,784
6,548
7,235
16,046
8,134
7,912
12,157
6,720
5,437
5,911
3,797
2,114
1,682
920
492
270
2,868
535
255
281
472
1,580
644
358
286
538
254
283
398
227
171
226
144
83
55
30
15
10
4.6
15.8
18.5
13.9
8.0
3.5
4.3
5.0
3.7
3.2
2.9
3.4
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.6
3.5
3.6
2.9
3.0
2.7
3.0
20,619
2,940
1,855
1,085
1,221
3,368
837
412
424
1.205
627
577
1,327
631
696
2,860
1,031
1.829
10,230
2,783
2,824
4,623
87,917
6,003
3,025
2,978
6,944
48,601
15,759
7,547
8,212
18,261
9,258
9,003
14,582
7,911
6,671
9,880
5,380
4,499
16,490
4,413
4,256
7,820
52,343
3,189
1,253
1,937
5,166
37,350
12,014
5,845
6,170
14,136
7,055
7,082
11,200
6,275
4,925
5,144
3,342
1,802
1,493
851
413
229
59.5
53.1
41.4
65.0
74.4
76.9
76.2
77.4
75.1
77.4
76.2
78.7
76.8
79.3
73.8
52.1
62.1
40.0
9.1
19.3
9.7
2.9
50,231
2,861
1,108
1,752
4,863
36,036
11,501
5,587
5,915
13,623
6,790
6,832
10,912
6,100
4,812
5,023
3,260
1,763
1,449
826
398
226
57.1
47.7
36.6
58.9
70.0
74.1
73.0
74.0
72.0
74.6
73.3
75.9
74.8
77.1
72.1
50.8
60.6
39.2
8.8
18.7
9.3
2.9
694
45
11
34
75
429
133
60
73
133
56
78
163
78
85
103
68
36
41
14
16
11
49,538
2,816
1,097
1,719
4,788
35,607
11,369
5,527
5,842
13,489
6,734
6,755
10,749
6,022
4,727
4,920
3,192
1,727
1,408
811
382
215
2,111
329
144
185
304
1,315
513
258
255
514
264
249
288
175
113
121
82
38
44
26
15
3
4.0
10.3
11.5
9.5
5.9
3.5
4.3
4.4
4.1
3.6
3.7
3.5
2.6
2.8
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.1
2.9
3.0
3.6
1.2
35,575
2,813
1,773
1,041
1,778
11,251
3,745
1,702
2,043
4,125
2,203
1,921
3,382
1,636
1,746
4,735
2,038
2,698
14,997
3.562
3,844
7,592
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
See footnotes at end of table.
19
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race — Continued
(Numoers in thousands)
March 1998
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
24,257
2,428
1,244
1,184
2,533
14,408
5,235
2,549
2,686
5,482
2,835
2,647
3,692
2,160
1,532
2,197
1,194
1,003
2,690
872
744
1,074
15,855
902
341
561
1,741
11,760
4,406
2,137
2,268
4,485
2,308
2,177
2,869
1,754
1,115
1,178
739
438
275
137
74
64
65.4
37.2
27.4
47.4
68.7
81.6
84.2
83.8
84.5
81.8
81.4
82.2
77.7
81.2
72.8
53.6
61.9
43.7
10.2
15.7
10.0
6.0
14,357
641
205
437
1,440
10,864
3,972
1,926
2,046
4,168
2,117
2,051
2,724
1,646
1,078
1,154
723
430
259
131
66
62
59.2
26.4
16.5
36.9
56.8
75.4
75.9
75.5
76.2
76.0
74.7
77.5
73.8
76.2
70.4
52.5
60.6
42.9
9.6
15.0
8.8
5.8
10,871
1,193
624
568
1,160
6,510
2,340
1,126
1,214
2,505
1,290
1,216
1,664
979
685
958
533
426
1,050
367
285
398
7,444
421
163
258
817
5,515
2,046
973
1,073
2,111
1,085
1,026
1,358
843
514
549
340
209
141
64
41
36
68.5
35.3
26.1
45.4
70.4
84.7
87.4
86.4
88.4
84.3
84.1
84.4
81.6
86.2
75.0
57.3
63.9
49.1
13.5
17.4
14.5
9.1
6,734
294
103
192
671
5,097
1,868
879
989
1,958
991
967
1,271
778
494
540
334
206
131
60
35
36
61.9
24.7
16.5
33.7
57.8
78.3
79.8
78.1
81.5
78.1
76.8
79.5
76.4
79.4
72.0
56.3
62.6
48.5
12.5
16.4
12.2
9.1
13,385
1,235
620
615
1,373
7,899
2,895
1,423
1,472
2,976
1,545
1,431
2,028
1,181
847
1,239
661
578
1,640
505
460
675
8,412
482
178
303
923
6,244
2,359
1,164
1,195
2,373
1,223
1,151
1,512
911
601
628
399
229
134
73
33
28
62.8
39.0
28.8
49.3
67.3
79.1
81.5
81.8
81.2
79.7
79.1
80.4
74.6
77.1
71.0
50.7
60.4
39.6
8.2
14.4
7.2
4.2
7,624
347
102
245
769
5,766
2,103
1,046
1,057
2,210
1,126
1,084
1,453
868
585
614
390
224
128
70
31
26
57.0
28.1
16.5
39.8
56.0
73.0
72.7
73.5
71.8
74.3
72.9
75.7
71.6
73.5
69.1
49.5
58.9
38.8
7.8
13.9
6.7
3.9
Employed
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Agriculture
Nonagricuitura!
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
iabor
force
BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
78
62
16
3
13
22
19
3
23
9
14
14
7
7
2
2
14,279
641
205
437
1,440
10,802
3,956
1,922
2,033
4,146
2,098
2,048
2,701
1,637
1,064
1,140
716
424
256
128
66
62
1,498
261
136
125
301
896
434
212
222
317
191
126
145
109
37
24
16
8
17
6
9
2
9.4
28.9
40.0
22.2
17.3
7.6
9.9
9.9
9.8
7.1
8.3
5.8
5.1
6.2
3.3
2.0
2.2
1.8
6.0
4.5
8,401
1,525
903
622
792
2,649
829
412
417
997
527
470
822
405
417
1,020
454
565
2,415
735
670
1,009
6,665
294
103
192
671
5,045
1,854
876
979
1,938
974
964
1,252
771
481
526
326
200
129
58
35
36
710
126
60
66
147
418
178
94
84
153
94
59
86
66
21
9
7
3
10
4
9.5
30.0
36.9
25.7
17.9
7.6
8.7
9.7
7.8
7.3
8.7
5.8
6.4
7.8
4.0
1.7
2.0
1.4
7.2
3,428
772
461
311
343
995
294
153
141
394
205
189
306
135
171
409
193
217
909
303
244
362
7,615
347
102
245
769
5,757
2,101
1,046
1,055
2,208
1,124
1,084
1,448
866
583
614
390
224
128
70
31
26
788
135
76
59
154
478
256
118
138
163
97
66
59
43
16
15
10
5
6
3
2
2
9.4
28.0
42.8
19.3
16.7
7.7
10.8
10.1
11.6
6.9
7.9
5.8
3.9
4.7
2.7
2.3
2.4
2.2
4.8
4,974
753
442
312
449
1,654
535
259
277
603
322
281
516
270
246
611
262
349
1,506
432
427
647
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
53
14
3
11
20
17
3
19
7
20
14
7
7
2
2
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures
and revised population controls used in the household survey.
20
i])
( )
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over
Total
Employment status and
race
Women, 20 years and
over
Both sexes, 16 to 19
years
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
202,513
135,524
66.9
128,125
3,166
124,959
7,399
5.5
66,989
204,547
136,967
67.0
130,150
2,931
127,219
6,816
5.0
67,580
89,604
68,937
76.9
65,502
2,244
63,257
3,435
5.0
20,667
90,502
69,356
76.6
66,263
2,066
64,197
3,093
4.5
21,147
97,638
59,160
60.6
56,442
710
55,732
2,718
4.6
38,478
98,534
59,869
60.8
57,316
676
56,639
2,554
4.3
38,664
15,271
7,428
48.6
6,182
212
5,970
1,246
16.8
7,843
15,511
7,742
49.9
6,571
189
6,383
1,170
15.1
7,769
169,569
114,135
67.3
108,745
3,012
105,733
5,389
4.7
55,435
171,016
114,822
67.1
109,842
2,776
107,066
4,980
4.3
56,194
76,108
59,000
77.5
56,411
2,110
54,301
2,589
4.4
17,108
76,764
59,084
77.0
56,751
1,941
54,810
2,333
3.9
17,679
81,330
48,852
60.1
46,962
692
46,270
1,891
3.9
32,478
81,915
49,153
60.0
47,371
649
46,722
1,783
3.6
32,761
12,131
6,282
51.8
5,373
210
5,162
910
14.5
5,849
12,337
6,584
53.4
5,720
186
5,534
864
13.1
5,753
23,895
15,325
64.1
13,677
94
13,583
1,649
10.8
8,569
24,257
15,855
65.4
14,357
78
14,279
1,498
9.4
8,401
9,504
6,812
71.7
6,149
87
6,062
663
9.7
2,692
9,679
7,023
72.6
6,439
69
6,370
584
8.3
2,655
11,967
7,628
63.7
6,928
8
6,920
700
9.2
4,339
12,150
7,930
65.3
7,277
9
7,268
653
8.2
4,220
2,424
886
36.5
600
600
285
32.2
1,538
2,428
902
37.2
641
641
261
28.9
1,525
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
NOTE:
Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
21
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1998
Civilian labor force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
18,284
12,493
5,791
9,034
5,474
3,560
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
9,889
8,395
6,918
1,477
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin
Employed
Percent of
population
Unemployed
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
Percent
of
labor
force
Total
Full
time
Pan
time
49.4
43.8
61.5
8,053
4,707
3,346
1,521
454
1,067
6,532
4,253
2,279
980
767
214
197
111
86
783
655
128
10.9
14.0
6.0
4,025
5,009
3,696
1,313
40.7
59.7
53.4
88.9
3,352
4,701
3,476
1,225
212
1,309
578
731
3,140
3,392
2,897
495
672
308
220
88
93
104
62
42
579
204
158
46
16.7
6.1
6.0
6.7
9,074
6,342
2,732
4,321
2,709
1,612
47.6
42.7
59.0
3,730
2,248
1,482
709
220
489
3,021
2,028
993
591
461
130
116
61
54
475
400
75
13.7
17.0
8.0
5,240
3,833
3,187
646
2,103
2,217
1,624
594
40.1
57.8
50.9
91.9
1,698
2,032
1,500
532
116
593
244
349
1,581
1,440
1,256
184
406
185
124
61
50
65
39
26
355
120
85
35
19.3
8.3
7.6
10.3
9,210
6,151
3,059
4,713
2,765
1,948
51.2
45.0
63.7
4,323
2,459
1,864
812
234
578
3,511
2,225
1,286
390
306
84
81
50
31
308
255
53
8.3
11.1
4.3
4,649
4,562
3,731
831
1,921
2,792
2,072
719
41.3
61.2
55.5
86.6
1,655
2,669
1,976
693
96
716
334
382
1,559
1,952
1,641
311
267
123
96
27
43
39
23
16
224
84
74
11
13.9
4.4
4.7
3.7
14,446
9,881
4,565
7,631
4,685
2,946
52.8
47.4
64.5
6,923
4,125
2,798
1,250
388
862
5,673
3,737
1,936
708
560
148
136
79
57
572
481
91
9.3
11.9
5.0
Men
Women
7,255
7,191
3,713
3,918
51.2
54.5
3,260
3,663
599
651
2,661
3,012
453
255
87
48
366
207
12.2
6.5
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
7,825
6,621
5,444
1,177
3,460
4,171
3,092
1,078
44.2
63.0
56.8
91.6
2,975
3,948
2,937
1,011
192
1,058
474
584
2,782
2,891
2,463
428
485
223
156
67
73
63
30
33
413
160
125
34
14.0
5.3
5.0
6.2
2,710
1,959
751
961
583
378
35.5
29.8
50.3
740
412
327
187
51
136
552
361
191
222
171
51
46
22
25
175
149
26
23.1
29.3
13.4
Men
Women
1,277
1,433
403
558
31.6
38.9
299
441
68
119
230
322
105
117
18
28
87
89
25.9
21.0
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
1,567
1,143
921
222
422
539
366
173
27.0
47.2
39.8
77.8
268
472
319
153
11
176
72
104
257
296
246
49
154
67
48
20
12
34
26
8
142
33
22
11
36.5
12.5
13.0
11.4
2,081
1,487
594
909
521
387
43.7
35.1
65.2
747
392
356
178
39
139
569
353
216
161
130
32
42
27
16
119
103
16
17.8
24.9
8.2
Men
Women
1,045
1,036
438
471
41.9
45.4
333
414
83
95
250
319
105
57
24
18
80
39
23.9
12.0
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
1,344
738
522
216
439
469
282
187
32.7
63.7
54.1
86.9
321
427
253
174
33
146
48
98
288
281
205
76
119
43
30
13
31
11
11
88
31
18
13
27.0
9.1
10.5
7.0
Total
TOTAL ENROLLED
,
,
Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
,
Hign school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
,
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
See footnotes at end of table.
22
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1998
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin
Employed
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
14,729
3,018
11,711
12,112
2,268
9,844
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
3,581
6,454
3,310
1,384
Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Unemployed
Total
Full
time
Part
time
Total
Looking
for
full-time
work
82.2
75.1
84.1
10,787
1,864
8,923
8,969
* 1,385
7,583
1,818
479
1,339
1,325
403
921
1,218
357
861
107
46
60
10.9
17.8
9.4
2,452
5,388
2,955
1,317
68.5
83.5
89.3
95.1
1,925
4,794
2,780
1,288
1,530
3,957
2,308
1,173
395
837
471
115
527
594
175
28
481
555
154
28
46
40
21
21.5
11.0
5.9
2.1
7,560
1,561
5,998
6,653
1,220
5,433
88.0
78.1
90.6
5,909
995
4,914
5,168
786
4,382
741
209
532
744
225
519
710
208
501
34
16
17
11.2
18.4
9.6
2,022
3,343
1,629
565
1,618
3,001
1,499
535
80.0
89.8
92.0
94.6
1,296
2,688
1,407
518
1,085
2,380
1,219
484
210
308
188
34
323
312
92
17
310
301
82
17
13
11
10
19.9
10.4
6.1
3.2
7,169
1,456
5,713
5,459
1,048
4,411
76.1
71.9
77.2
4,878
869
4,009
3,801
599
3,202
1,077
270
807
581
179
402
508
149
359
73
30
43
10.6
17.1
9.1
1,559
3,111
1,680
819
834
2,387
1,456
782
53.5
76.7
86.6
95.5
630
2,106
1,372
771
445
1,577
1,089
690
185
528
283
81
204
282
84
11
171
253
72
11
33
28
11
24.5
11.8
5.8
1.4
11,975
2,457
9,519
10,039
1,899
8,140
83.8
77.3
85.5
9,108
1,595
7,513
7,634
1,209
6,425
1,474
386
1,088
931
304
627
865
270
595
66
34
32
9.3
16.0
7.7
Men
Women
6,220
5,756
5,602
4,438
90.1
77.1
5,048
4,060
4,445
3,189
603
871
554
378
536
329
18
48
9.9
8.5
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
2,847
5,142
2,771
1,215
1,986
4,377
2,505
1,172
69.8
85.1
90.4
96.5
1,637
3,962
2,365
1,144
1,325
3,312
1,968
1,030
312
650
398
114
349
415
139
28
326
386
125
28
23
28
14
17.6
9.5
5.6
2.4
2,251
469
1,782
1,682
319
1,362
74.7
68.1
76.5
1,342
229
1,113
1,068
145
924
273
84
189
340
90
250
310
80
231
30
10
19
20.2
28.2
18.3
Men
Women
1,076
1,175
834
847
77.6
72.1
666
675
564
505
102
171
168
172
155
156
13
16
20.2
20.3
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
642
1,101
423
85
407
838
357
80
63.4
76.1
84.3
94.5
246
687
329
80
180
530
278
79
66
156
50
1
161
151
28
145
140
26
16
11
2
39.6
18.0
7.8
2,802
693
2,109
2,136
484
1,652
76.2
69.8
78.3
1,866
373
1,492
1,582
276
1,307
283
97
186
270
110
160
250
95
155
20
16
5
12.6
22.8
9.7
Men
Women
1,566
1,236
1,376
760
87.8
61.5
1,218
647
1,073
509
145
138
157
113
154
96
3
17
11.4
14.8
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
1,373
929
414
86
947
765
346
78
69.0
82.4
83.5
90.9
777
688
327
74
659
579
277
68
118
109
50
6
170
77
19
4
152
75
19
4
18
2
17.9
10.1
5.5
5.0
Percent of
population
Looking
for
part-time
work
Percent
of
labor
force
TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups
will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised
population controls used in the household survey.
23
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic
origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Educational attainment
Mar.
1997
Women
Men
White
Black
Hispanic origin
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
171,534
115,822
67.5
111,310
64.9
4,512
3.9
80,961
61,933
76.5
59,199
73.1
2,734
4.4
81,772
62,311
76.2
59,867
73.2
2,444
3.9
88,925
52,826
59.4
50,651
57.0
2,175
4.1
89,761
53,510
59.6
51,443
57.3
2,067
3.9
143,499
96,943
67.6
93,251
65.0
3,691
3.8
144,594
97,152
67.2
93,811
64.9
3,341
3.4
18,988
12,619
66.5
11,644
61.3
976
7.7
19,296
13,212
68.5
12,276
63.6
937
7.1
15,406
10,776
69.9
10,010
65.0
766
7.1
15,968
11,180
70.0
10,519
65.9
662
5.9
30,190
12,813
42.4
11,591
38.4
1,222
9.5
29,251
12,568
43.0
11,535
39.4
1,033
8.2
14,402
8,025
55.7
7,299
50.7
726
9.0
13,932
7,716
55.4
7,133
51.2
583
7.6
15,789
4,788
30.3
4,291
27.2
497
10.4
15,319
4,852
31.7
4,402
28.7
450
9.3
24,161
10,353
42.9
9,449
39.1
905
8.7
23,357
9,979
42.7
9,255
39.6
724
7.3
4,695
1,850
39.4
1,582
33.7
268
14.5
4,618
1,974
42.7
1,728
37.4
246
12.5
6,936
4,019
57.9
3,630
52.3
389
9.7
6,925
4,053
58.5
3,707
53.5
347
8.6
57,148
37,706
66.0
35,873
62.8
1,832
4.9
57,885
37,873
65.4
36,113
62.4
1,760
4.6
25,864
19,750
76.4
18,721
72.4
1,029
5.2
26,263
19,927
75.9
18,951
72.2
975
4.9
31,283
17,956
57.4
17,153
54.8
803
4.5
31,622
17,946
56.8
17,162
54.3
785
4.4
48,474
31,689
65.4
30,312
62.5
1,378
4.3
49,036
31,625
64.5
30,326
61.8
1,298
4.1
6,823
4,700
68.9
4,329
63.4
371
7.9
6,910
4,888
70.7
4,492
65.0
396
8.1
3,972
3,007
75.7
2,813
70.8
194
6.5
4,325
3,242
75.0
3,056
70.7
186
5.7
41,675
31,239
75.0
30,047
72.1
1,192
3.8
42,313
31,424
74.3
30,319
71.7
1,105
3.5
19,231
15,875
82.5
15,257
79.3
618
3.9
19,636
15,943
81.2
15,386
78.4
557
3.5
22,443
15,364
68.5
14,790
65.9
574
3.7
22,677
15,481
68.3
14,933
65.8
548
3.5
35,263
26,203
74.3
25,307
71.8
896
3.4
35,866
26,329
73.4
25,515
71.1
814
3.1
4,912
3,933
80.1
3,695
75.2
239
6.1
4,888
3,921
80.2
3,676
75.2
245
6.3
2,894
2,374
82.1
2,231
77.1
143
6.0
2,881
2,302
79.9
2,208
76.6
94
4.1
29,273
21,301
72.8
20,411
69.7
891
4.2
29,548
21,232
71.9
20,430
69.1
803
3.8
13,936
11,241
80.7
10,768
77.3
472
4.2
14,038
11,067
78.8
10,660
75.9
407
3.7
15,337
10,060
65.6
9,642
62.9
418
4.2
15,510
10,165
65.5
9,769
63.0
396
3.9
24,667
17,753
72.0
17,088
69.3
665
3.7
24,842
17,579
70.8
17,002
68.4
577
3.3
3,622
2,854
78.8
2,673
73.8
181
6.4
3,681
2,902
78.8
2,707
73.5
195
6.7
2,072
1,670
80.6
1,576
76.1
94
5.6
2,125
1,663
78.3
1,591
74.9
72
4.3
12,402
9,938
80.1
9,636
77.7
301
3.0
12,766
10,191
79.8
9,889
77.5
302
3.0
5,296
4,635
87.5
4,489
84.8
146
3.1
5,598
4,875
87.1
4,726
84.4
150
3.1
7,106
5,303
74.6
5,148
72.4
156
2.9
7,167
5,316
74.2
5,163
72.0
153
2.9
10,596
8,449
79.7
8,219
77.6
230
2.7
11,024
8,750
79.4
8,513
77.2
236
2.7
1,290
1,079
83.7
1,022
79.2
57
5.3
1,207
1,019
84.5
969
80.3
51
5.0
822
704
85.7
655
79.7
49
7.0
757
639
84.5
617
81.6
22
3.4
40,874
33,001
80.7
32,339
79.1
663
2.0
42,085
33,957
80.7
33,344
79.2
614
1.8
21,464
18,282
85.2
17,921
83.5
361
2.0
21,941
18,726
85.3
18,398
83.9
329
1.8
19,410
14,719
75.8
14,417
74.3
302
2.0
20,144
15,231
75.6
14,946
74.2
285
1.9
35,601
28,697
80.6
28,184
79.2
513
1.8
36,336
29,219
80.4
28,715
79.0
504
1.7
2,558
2,136
83.5
2,037
79.6
98
4.6
2,880
2,429
84.4
2,380
82.6
49
2.0
1,605
1,376
85.8
1,336
83.3
40
2.9
1,837
1,583
86.2
1,548
84.2
35
2.2
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population ... 169,886
Civilian labor force
114,759
Percent of population
67.6
109,850
Employed
Employment-population ratio
64.7
Unemployed
4,909
4.3
Unemployment rate
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
High school graduates, no college
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Less than a bachelor's degree1
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups. Eeginning in January 1998,
data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls
used in the household survey.
24
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(In thousands)
March 1998
Employed1
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work 2
Age, sex, and race
Total
35
hours
or
more
1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons
Not
at
work
Total
105,978
1,839
192
1,648
104,139
8,650
95,488
83,222
12,266
93,404
1,522
149
1,372
91,882
7,616
84,266
73,821
10,445
9,426
254
35
218
9,173
817
8,356
7,111
1,245
3.148
64
7
57
3,084
217
2,867
2,290
577
24,172
4,732
2,315
2,417
19,440
3,619
15,822
11,604
4,218
7,865
2,237
5,628
1,525
4,103
2,397
1,706
1,203
1,567
Part time
Part time for
for
economic noneconomic
reasons
reasons
Not
at
work
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
20,012
4,304
2,178
2,126
15,708
2,911
12,797
9,111
3,686
1,390
193
86
107
1,197
179
1,018
711
307
5,364
468
103
365
4,895
947
3,949
3,574
375
1,453
702
451
250
751
188
563
412
151
6,256
2,037
4,219
1,211
3,008
1,534
1,474
406
77
329
65
264
135
128
3,121
270
2,852
556
2,296
2,046
250
657
416
241
93
149
77
72
122
13,756
2,267
11,489
1,700
9,789
7,577
2,212
984
116
868
114
754
576
178
2,242
199
2,044
391
1,653
1,528
125
796
286
510
96
415
335
79
2,770
235
51
184
2,535
528
2,007
1,782
225
61,641
1,006
60,635
4,870
55,764
48,467
7,298
55,210
849
54,361
4,345
50,017
43,787
6,229
4,791
129
4,662
427
4,235
3,520
715
1,640
28
1,612
99
1,513
1,160
353
44,337
833
43,504
3,780
39,724
34,756
4,968
38,194
673
37,521
3,272
34,249
30,033
4,216
4,636
124
4,511
390
4,121
3,592
529
1,508
36
1,471
118
1,354
1,131
223
16,307
2,495
13,812
2,093
11,719
9,206
2,513
52,828
873
51,955
4,171
47,784
41,322
6,462
47,181
730
46,451
3,705
42,746
37,257
5,489
4,238
121
4,118
375
3,742
3,083
659
1,408
22
1,386
90
1,296
982
314
6,783
1,987
4,797
1,278
3,519
1,994
1,525
952
108
844
199
645
568
78
5,485
1,814
3,671
1,024
2,647
1,313
1,334
346
65
281
54
227
113
114
2,365
216
2,149
407
1,742
1,523
219
503
319
184
65
119
57
63
36,041
724
35,316
3,116
32,200
27,967
4,233
30,983
589
30,394
2,728
27,667
24,079
3,588
3,798
109
3,688
304
3,385
2,938
447
1,260
27
1,233
85
1,148
950
199
14,191
2,136
12,054
1,746
10,308
8,069
2,239
1,187
210
886
793
93
12,148
1,953
10,195
1,437
8,758
6,771
1,987
856
93
764
99
664
505
159
1,510
133
1,377
245
1,133
1,042
91
601
196
405
59
347
273
74
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
6,049
108
5,940
524
5,417
4,857
560
5,477
102
5,374
473
4,902
4,420
482
406
4
402
42
360
315
45
166
2
164
9
155
123
32
685
186
499
147
352
240
112
170
13
157
39
118
108
10
473
165
308
100
208
117
91
42
8
34
8
26
15
11
592
45
546
128
419
402
17
119
81
38
19
19
16
3
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
6,168
88
6,081
536
5,545
5,000
545
5,320
64
5,256
440
4,816
4,354
462
650
14
636
69
567
504
63
198
9
189
27
162
142
20
1,455
259
1,196
234
962
767
196
323
21
302
55
247
226
22
1,046
220
826
171
655
493
162
86
19
67
8
60
48
12
628
56
572
128
444
427
17
160
79
81
26
55
51
4
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
W o m e n , 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
123
1,080
249
832
728
103
112
1,455
279
1,176
1,054
White
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
91
1,096
Black
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1
Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their
usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work
during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified
according to their usual status.
2
Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason
for working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
25
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Men
Totai
Occupation
20 years
and over
16 years
and over
20 years
and over
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
128,125 130,150
68,573
69,506
65,502
66,263
59,552
60,644
56,442
57,316
38,661
18,586
665
13,307
4,614
20,075
19,227
10,264
355
8,057
1,851
8,963
1,823
1,047
358
744
380
542
1,154
648
2,267
19,534
10,134
19,103
19,423
10,081
389
7,762
1,930
9,342
1,844
1,227
343
774
464
558
1,232
658
2,241
18,584
8,077
280
5,133
2,664
10,507
231
492
147
242
2,487
416
3,733
243
2,515
19,127
8,452
276
5,494
2,683
10,675
194
483
155
273
2,469
412
3,846
252
2,591
18,459
8,038
280
5,099
2,659
10,421
231
492
147
242
2,482
404
3,702
243
2,476
18,969
8,378
274
5,429
2,674
10,591
194
483
155
273
2,469
408
3,806
248
2,555
38,577
4,320
1,791
1,345
1,184
15,605
4,635
2,549
1,559
6,747
115
18,652
631
341
3,627
2,219
1,037
10,797
13,743
2,003
366
13,787
2,005
2,657
584
2,413
12,997
1,948
303
975
670
7,326
2,809
1,399
1,147
1,946
25
3,723
245
170
85
155
591
2,476
24,301
2,122
1,343
252
528
7,741
1,778
1,084
328
4,466
85
14,437
397
244
3,522
1,965
381
7,928
24,790
2,315
1,478
340
497
7,759
1,815
1,122
411
4,322
88
14,716
380
163
3,542
2,061
430
8,140
22,632
2,094
1,328
242
524
6,709
1,753
1,057
327
3,489
83
13,828
396
241
3,407
1,933
371
7,480
23,044
2,284
1,466
329
488
6,603
1,785
1,079
402
3,260
77
14,157
377
158
3,441
2,043
420
7,719
6,822
19
1,810
4,993
2,467
269
1,722
535
7,062
35
1,930
5,097
2,554
320
1,779
444
5,947
16
1,768
4,162
1,828
261
1,597
476
6,152
35
1,910
4,207
1,820
303
1,671
414
10,453
748
399
9,306
3,359
2,182
1,358
2,406
10,637
844
418
9,374
3,412
2,126
1,381
2,455
9,375
667
379
8,330
2,664
2,121
1,299
2,246
9,508
751
405
8,352
2,711
2,030
1,324
2,286
Mar
1997
Total
16 years
and over
16 years
and over
Women
Mar..
1998
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations
37,811
18,341
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical
38,044
4,126
1,709
1,171
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service
17,275
767
2,209
14,299
5,826
2,451
3,081
2,941
17,698
878
2,348
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
13,887
4,582
5,331
3,974
14,421
4,743
5,568
4,110
12,700
4,402
5,203
3,095
13,294
4,552
5,479
3,264
12,451
4,317
5,090
3,044
12,999
4,455
5,331
3,213
1,187
180
128
879
1,128
191
90
847
1,171
177
125
870
1,113
186
84
843
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners., helpers, and laborers
17,931
7,980
5,210
3,917
1,293
4,742
704
4,038
17,831
7,815
5,178
3,963
1,215
4,838
702
4,136
13,512
4,969
4,731
3,497
1,234
3,812
679
3,133
13,449
4,917
4,632
3,474
1,158
3,900
678
3,222
12,558
4,791
4,641
3,438
1,203
3,125
620
2,505
12,493
4,716
4,528
3,389
1,139
3,249
629
2,620
4,419
3,010
479
419
60
930
25
905
4,382
2,898
546
489
57
937
24
913
4,241
2,929
463
406
56
849
25
825
4,137
2,809
523
465
57
805
19
785
3,177
1,259
1,918
2,962
1,104
1,858
2,569
958
1,611
2,381
855
2,403
933
1,471
2,200
849
1,350
608
301
307
581
249
332
564
293
271
545
249
296
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations
635
13,190
4,516
19,470
2,054
1,540
505
986
2,867
958
4,887
891
4,782
1,246
15,554
4,678
2,535
1,495
6,743
104
18,364
692
426
3,610
2,154
979
10,503
2,039
1,710
498
1,047
2,933
979
5,095
910
4,865
14,471
5,967
2,447
3,159
2,898
N O T E : Beginning in January 1998, data reflect n e w composite estimation
919
718
7,812
2,899
1,451
1,166
2,277
19
3,927
295
182
87
190
597
2,576
389
7,813
1,931
9,400
1,844
1,227
343
774
464
567
1,249
658
2,274
313
1,005
687
7,846
2,820
1,427
1,147
2,425
27
3,936
251
178
85
158
607
1,526
10,220
355
8,019
1,846
8,883
1,823
1,033
358
744
376
529
1,144
648
2,228
13,039
1,962
365
889
708
7,357
2,874
1,426
1,164
1,875
18
3,720
288
175
77
184
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
26
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-20. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Men
Total
Occupation and race
Women
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
128,125
100.0
130,150
100.0
68,573
100.0
69,506
100.0
59,552
100.0
60,644
100.0
29.5
14.3
15.2
29.7
3.2
12.1
14.3
13.5
.6
1.7
11.2
10.8
14.0
6.2
4.1
3.7
2.5
29.7
14.3
15.4
29.6
3.3
12.0
14.3
13.6
.7
1.8
11.1
11.1
13.7
6.0
4.0
3.7
2.3
28.0
15.0
13.1
20.0
2.9
11.4
5.7
9.9
(1)
2.6
7.3
18.5
19.7
7.2
6.9
5.6
3.7
28.1
14.6
13.5
19.8
2.9
11.3
5.7
10.2
2.8
7.3
19.1
19.3
7.1
6.7
5.6
3.4
31.2
13.6
17.6
40.8
3.6
13.0
24.2
17.6
1.3
.7
15.6
2.0
7.4
5.1
.8
1.6
1.0
31.5
13.9
17.6
40.9
3.8
12.8
24.3
17.5
1.4
.7
15.5
1.9
7.2
4.8
.9
1.5
1.0
108,745
100.0
109,842
100.0
59,157
100.0
59,611
100.0
49,589
100.0
50,231
100.0
30.7
15.1
15.6
29.7
3.2
12.5
14.0
12.3
.6
1.6
10.2
11.3
13.2
5.7
4.0
3.5
2.7
30.8
15.1
15.7
29.6
3.3
12.3
14.0
12.6
.7
1.7
10.3
11.6
12.9
5.6
3.8
3.6
2.5
29.0
15.8
13.2
20.0
2.9
11.9
5.3
9.0
(1)
2.5
6.5
19.1
18.8
6.9
6.7
5.2
4.0
29.1
15.4
13.7
19.7
2.9
11.6
5.3
9.3
.1
2.6
6.6
19.9
18.2
6.7
6.2
5.3
3.7
32.7
14.3
18.4
41.3
3.6
13.3
24.4
16.3
1.2
.5
14.5
1.9
6.6
4.3
.8
1.5
1.2
32.8
14.7
18.1
41.2
3.9
13.1
24.3
16.5
1.4
.5
14.6
1.7
6.7
4.3
.9
1.5
1.1
13,677
100.0
14,357
100.0
6,383
100.0
6,734
100.0
7,293
100.0
7,624
100.0
19.0
8.5
10.5
29.7
3.0
8.9
17.7
22.1
.9
2.9
18.3
8.5
19.8
9.0
5.6
5.2
.9
20.5
8.5
12.0
29.9
3.0
9.7
17.2
20.6
.8
3.2
16.6
8.1
20.2
8.8
6.0
5.4
.7
16.1
8.2
7.9
19.1
3.0
6.9
9.2
17.6
(1)
4.5
13.1
15.9
29.5
10.0
10.7
8.9
1.7
17.1
7.7
9.4
19.2
2.6
8.5
8.2
16.0
4.7
11.3
14.9
31.5
10.5
11.4
9.6
1.2
21.5
8.7
12.8
38.9
3.0
10.7
25.2
26.1
1.6
1.5
22.9
2.1
11.3
8.2
1.2
1.9
.1
23.5
9.3
14.2
39.4
3.3
10.9
25.2
24.7
1.5
1.9
21.3
2.0
10.2
7.4
1.2
1.6
.2
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
,
,
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1
Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
27
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed persons by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
March 1998
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services...
Public administration
Total
employed
2,931
597
8,180
20,660
12,511
8,149
9,367
26,787
4,848
21,938
8,647
47,281
1,015
46,266
31,825
5,701
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support
Executive,
Techniadminiscians
Profestrative,
and
sional
and
specialty related
manasupport
gerial
Sales
Administrative
Private
Other
support, houseservice1
hold
including
clerical
Precision
production,
craft,
and
repair
Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
inspectors
Transportation
and
material
moving
Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
88
100
1,272
2,961
1,808
1,153
88
47
123
1,981
1,301
680
54
22
47
652
441
211
7
6
43
779
302
476
117
42
422
2,028
1,186
842
13
11
22
297
154
142
35
236
4,852
4,015
2,812
1,203
28
26
81
6,220
3,588
2,631
20
96
512
708
377
331
5
10
791
983
505
478
2,476
3
14
37
37
1,314
2,478
607
1,871
585
577
101
476
316
245
39
206
260
11,229
1,972
9,257
2,379
2,187
756
1,432
324
5,072
57
5,016
1,271
1,532
347
1,185
161
401
137
264
2,193
983
406
577
556
1,995
373
1,622
10
87
55
33
2,485
6,694
350
15,389
10
15,378
13,385
936
174
2,599
1
2,597
2,237
210
2,083
1,186
2,980
7,093
10
7,083
5,145
1,404
324
9,065
73
8,992
5,502
1,693
184
2,151
1
2,150
493
147
6
860
18
610
4
478
10
468
39
278
96
62
18
6,694
4,115
1,194
1,186
203
12
1
Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers
Service
occupations
878
878
860
251
34
12
598
336
38
16
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
28
19
258
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagriculturai industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
March 1998
Nonagriculturai industries
Agriculture
Wage and salary workers
Age and sex
Wage and
Self-
Unpaid
salary
workers
employed
workers
family
workers
Private industries
Total
Total
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,733
170
72
98
267
497
374
256
127
44
1,168
3
3
_
29
156
263
311
239
167
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,322
126
62
64
199
396
293
180
90
38
867
3
3
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
412
44
11
33
67
101
81
75
36
7
21
120
205
216
168
134
30
16
4
12
5
7
3
19
12
1
11
3
4
11
3
3
301
8
36
58
95
71
33
2
3
3
Other
private
industries
Government
Unpaid
family
workers
118,294
6,330
2,396
3,934
11,728
29,324
32,645
24,412
11,041
2,814
100,005
6,078
2,337
3,741
10,660
25,683
27,218
19,140
8,883
2,343
1,010
110
68
41
98
146
242
194
116
105
98,994
5,969
2,269
3,699
10,562
25,537
26,975
18,946
8,767
2,239
18,289
252
59
193
1,068
3,641
5,427
5,272
2,159
470
8,819
43
31
12
239
1,466
2,735
2,301
1,396
639
106
10
1
9
7
21
24
31
9
6
61,889
3,061
1,168
1,893
6,039
15,726
17,320
12,529
5,758
1,456
53,850
2,958
1,141
1,817
5,607
14,133
14,947
10,236
4,729
1,241
78
11
7
4
5
14
9
16
11
12
53,772
2,947
1,134
1,813
5,602
14,119
14,938
10,220
4,718
1,228
8,038
103
27
76
432
1,592
2,374
2,293
1,029
215
5,376
31
21
9
133
838
1,574
1,447
935
419
34
10
1
9
4
6
4
3
4
3
56,405
3,269
1,228
2,041
5,689
13,599
15,325
11,882
5,283
1,358
46,154
3,120
1,196
1,924
5,053
11,550
12,271
8,904
4,154
1,102
932
98
61
37
93
132
234
178
105
92
45,222
3,022
1,135
1,886
4,960
11,418
12,037
8,726
4,048
1,010
10,251
149
32
117
636
2,049
3,054
2,978
1,129
256
3,443
12
10
2
106
629
1,161
853
461
221
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
Private
household
workers
Selfemployed
workers
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
29
73
_
_
3
14
19
27
6
3
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23o Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
March 1998
Percent distribution
Thousands of persons
Hours of work
All
industries
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
All
industries
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
125,613
2,756
122,857
100.0
100.0
100.0
1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours
31,282
1,242
5,310
15,780
8,950
884
52
211
462
159
30,399
1,190
5,099
15,318
8,792
24.9
1.0
4.2
12.6
7.1
32.1
1.9
7.7
16.8
5.8
24.7
1.0
4.2
12.5
7.2
35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over
94,330
9,123
44,709
40,499
14,965
15,049
10,485
1,872
168
669
1,036
255
329
451
92,458
8,955
44,040
39,463
14,710
14,719
10,034
75.1
7.3
35.6
32.2
11.9
12.0
8.3
67.9
6.1
24.3
37.6
9.3
12.0
16.4
75.3
7.3
35.8
32.1
12.0
12.0
8.2
39.3
43.5
39.9
46.2
39.3
43.4
Total, 16 years and over
Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-24. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1998
All industries
Nonagricultural industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Total
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
Total
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
,
31,282
9,426
21,856
30,399
9,132
21,267
1,416
1,217
2,596
1,082
1,467
47
3,834
2,166
1,448
96
124
1,304
1,128
,
4,011
2,300
1,467
121
124
2,530
1,039
1,448
44
27,271
667
6,117
810
7,007
1,816
2,826
52
1,181
6,795
8,011
79
760
19,260
588
5,357
810
6,937
1,816
7,828
76
750
2,826
52
1,181
3,043
3,752
26,564
653
5,964
785
6,877
1,711
2,778
52
1,106
6,637
2,778
52
1,106
2,998
3,639
23.1
21.0
23.8
25.2
22.7
19.3
23.2
21.1
24.1
25.2
22.8
19.3
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
,
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
74
124
70
52
124
69
18,736
577
5,215
785
6,809
1,711
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
30
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricuitural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1998
Average hours
Worked 1 to 34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
Total, 16 years and over.
122,857
30,399
Wage and salary workers .
114,453
Industry and class of worker
For
economic
reasons
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
3,834
7,828
18,736
92,458
39.3
43.4
27,502
3,371
7,229
16,902
86,951
39.3
43.2
554
32
7
17
9
522
49.7
50.1
6,385
1,337
333
657
346
5,048
39.9
41.4
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods ,
19,761
12,024
7,736
2,358
1,350
1,008
358
164
195
1,228
808
421
771
379
393
17,403
10,674
6,729
42.7
43.2
42.0
43.7
44.0
43.4
Transportation and public utilities ....
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
8,601
24,375
7,831
1,346
8,349
1,344
216
1,071
96
553
1,008
500
577
6,270
748
7,255
16,026
6,487
42.5
36.8
40.5
44.6
43.7
42.8
Service industries
Private households ...
All other industries ....
Public administration ..
41,359
980
40,379
5,586
11,918
612
11,305
818
1,234
86
1,148
55
2,748
38
2,710
518
7,936
488
7,448
245
29,441
367
29,074
4,768
37.9
28.7
38.1
41.1
42.9
43.8
42.8
42.3
Self-employed workers .
Unpaid family workers ..
8,297
106
2,851
46
463
1
585
14
1,802
32
5,447
60
38.8
40.2
45.8
Mining
Construction
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
31
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1998
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Age, sex, race, and marital status
Average hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
For
economic
reasons
122,857
6,137
2,343
3,794
116,720
11,596
105,124
90,053
15,071
30,399
4,608
2,177
2,432
25,790
4,014
21,776
17,059
4,718
65,366
3,000
1,151
1,849
62,366
6,023
56,343
48,221
8,122
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
3,834
272
59
213
3,562
600
2,962
2,579
383
7,828
201
24
177
7,627
658
6,969
5,992
978
18,736
4,135
2,094
2,041
14,602
2,757
11,845
8,488
3,357
92,458
1,529
166
1,362
90,929
7,582
83,348
72,994
10,354
39.3
23.6
17.6
27.3
40.1
35.6
40.6
41.2
37.2
43.4
39.1
38.6
39.2
43.5
41.6
43.6
43.8
42.8
11,362
2,159
1,056
1,104
9,203
1,738
7,464
5,419
2,045
1,884
138
43
95
1,746
285
1,461
1,264
197
3,749
102
6
96
3,648
332
3,315
2,770
545
5,729
1,920
1,007
913
3,809
1,121
2,688
1,385
1,303
54,004
841
95
745
53,163
4,285
48,878
42,802
6,076
42.2
24.7
18.4
28.6
43.1
37.8
43.7
44.3
39.6
44.9
39.9
40.7
39.8
45.0
42.7
45.2
45.4
43.8
57,491
3,137
1,192
1,945
54,354
5,573
48,781
41,832
6,949
19,037
2,449
1,121
1,328
16,588
2,276
14,312
11,640
2,672
1,950
135
16
118
1,816
314
1,501
1,315
186
4,079
99
18
82
3,979
325
3,654
3,221
433
13,008
2,215
1,087
1,128
10,793
1,636
9,156
7,103
2,053
38,454
688
71
617
37,766
3,297
34,470
30,192
4,277
35.9
22.5
16.7
26.0
36.7
33.3
37.1
37.5
34.4
41.4
38.1
35.8
38.4
41.4
40.3
41.5
41.5
41.4
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
103,366
55,883
47,483
26,133
9,856
16,277
3,043
1,568
1,475
6,653
3,302
3,350
16,438
4,986
11,452
77,233
46,027
31,205
39.3
42.4
35.7
43.6
45.1
41.5
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
13,791
6,461
7,330
2,977
999
1,979
609
202
407
900
344
556
1,468
452
1,016
10,814
5,462
5,352
38.8
41.2
36.7
41.8
43.3
40.3
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
40,066
7,987
17,312
4,968
1,201
5,193
825
285
775
2,383
481
885
1,760
435
3,533
35,098
6,786
12,119
44.1
43.0
37.5
45.5
44.7
43.3
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
31,039
11,595
14,858
10,093
3,114
5,829
808
491
651
2,260
987
832
7,026
1,637
4,345
20,945
8,480
9,029
36.1
38.0
34.0
41.3
41.7
41.3
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
,
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
,
55 years and over
,
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
,
,
,
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
,
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Race
Marital status
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
32
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1998
Average hours
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Occupation and sex
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
For
economic
reasons
Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Saies occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, saies, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
,
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
,
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1
2
Total
at
Persons who
usually work
full time
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
7,821
18,746
92,431
39.3
43.4
work
122,822
30,390
3,822
37,319
18,049
19,270
37,325
4,155
15,100
18,070
17,007
855
2,270
13,882
13,985
17,185
7,607
4,964
4,614
6,957
2,643
4,314
10,690
957
4,652
5,081
6,844
554
338
5,952
2,221
3,679
1,199
1,012
1,468
528
207
322
989
77
505
408
998
81
42
874
544
764
284
215
265
2,439
1,098
1,341
2,329
280
712
1,336
907
32
129
747
1,065
1,082
488
286
308
3,990
1,338
2,652
7,372
600
3,435
3,336
4,940
441
168
4,331
612
1,832
427
510
895
30,362
15,406
14,956
26,636
3,199
10,448
12,989
10,163
301
1,931
7,930
11,764
13,507
6,408
3,953
3,146
42.2
44.1
40.4
37.4
38.8
38.3
36.3
34.4
27.8
42.7
33.4
41.7
40.0
40.8
42.4
36.1
45.2
46.1
44.2
42.3
42.1
44.8
40.5
42.2
42.7
44.9
41.5
43.0
42.9
42.2
45.6
41.0
65,196
11,290
1,870
3,737
5,683
53,906
42.3
44.9
18,988
9,869
9,119
13,450
1,954
7,670
3,826
6,859
35
1,867
4,958
12,905
12,993
4,817
4,451
3,726
2,359
1,012
1,346
2,450
326
1,383
741
2,008
23
234
1,751
1,965
2,508
615
792
1,101
234
107
128
288
30
153
105
306
7
26
274
513
528
133
183
213
1,039
507
532
619
120
305
194
320
1
99
220
991
769
268
257
243
1,086
399
687
1,544
176
925
443
1,382
15
110
1,257
461
1,211
214
352
645
16,629
8,856
7,773
11,000
1,628
6,287
3,085
4,851
12
1,633
3,207
10,941
10,485
4,202
3,659
2,624
45.4
46.8
43.9
41.7
40.9
43.1
39.5
37.6
(2)
43.7
35.3
42.0
41.0
42.1
43.3
36.9
47.2
48.1
46.2
45.1
43.3
46.7
42.8
43.5
(2)
45.5
42.5
43.1
43.7
43.3
45.9
41.4
57,626
19,100
1,953
4,084
13,063
38,525
35.9
41.4
18,331
8,180
10,151
23,875
2,201
7,430
14,244
10,148
821
403
8,924
1,080
4,192
2,790
514
889
4,599
1,631
2,968
8,239
631
3,269
4,339
4,836
531
104
4,201
256
1,171
584
220
367
294
100
194
701
47
352
303
691
74
16
601
30
236
151
33
52
1,400
591
809
1,710
160
407
1,143
587
30
30
526
74
313
220
29
65
2,904
939
1,965
5,828
424
2,511
2,894
3,558
426
58
3,074
152
621
213
159
250
13,733
6,549
7,184
15,636
1,570
4,161
9,904
5,312
290
299
4,723
824
3,021
2,206
294
522
38.9
40.7
37.4
35.0
37.1
33.4
35.5
32.2
27.8
37.9
32.4
37.9
36.8
38.5
34.5
32.8
42.8
43.6
42.1
40.5
40.9
41.9
39.8
41.0
42.8
41.9
40.8
41.1
40.3
40.3
42.5
38.9
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Worked
35 hours
or more
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
33
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-28. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men
Marital status, race, and age
Thousands of
persons
Women
Unemployment
rates
Thousands of
persons
Unemployment
rates
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
5.2
2.9
5.3
9.9
3,241
1,406
3,038
1,102
662
1,273
5.2
3.2
5.8
8.7
4.8
3.2
5.2
7.6
1,474
5.0
3.1
6.6
8.9
4.6
2.7
4.7
8.9
2,278
898
536
844
2,111
899
483
729
4.4
3.0
5.3
7.0
4.0
3.0
4.8
5.8
846
159
116
571
710
143
109
458
11.7
4.9
9.8
20.3
9.5
4.2
9.6
788
139
154
496
9.9
5.4
7.7
9.4
5.1
7.0
16.0
803
141
167
495
14.9
14.1
Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
2,734
1,327
2,444
1,235
456
753
4.4
3.1
6.9
7.6
3.9
2.9
5.2
6.9
2,175
990
670
515
2,067
960
628
479
4.1
3.1
5.4
6.4
3.9
2.9
5.1
5.6
White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
2,116
1,132
455
529
1,861
994
336
531
4.0
3.0
6.4
6.3
3.5
2.7
4.6
6.2
1,575
825
480
271
1,479
788
460
231
3.6
2.9
4.9
4.8
3.4
2.8
4.7
3.9
Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
472
127
105
241
437
137
109
191
7.9
9.0
7.0
4.1
9.7
11.1
499
118
143
238
7.6
4.5
7.7
11.3
7.1
4.5
6.6
14.0
503
114
163
227
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
4,158
1,415
633
3,779
1,291
475
2,012
5.7
3.2
7.1
10.5
White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
3,112
1,186
483
2,868
1,039
1,443
Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
NOTE:
2,110
591
816
356
Beginning in 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
Mar.
1997
4.1
Mar.
1998
1,097
738
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
10.6
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
34
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
,
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
7,399
6,816
5.5
5.0
5.7
5.2
5.2
4.8
766
403
363
672
300
372
2.0
2.2
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.8
2.0
1.9
2.0
1.7
1.5
1.9
2.0
2.5
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.7
1,698
126
852
720
1,625
102
799
725
4.3
3.0
5.2
3.8
4.0
2.3
4.9
3.7
3.8
2.5
3.9
4.1
3.6
2.4
3.8
3.6
4.5
3.4
6.4
3.7
4.3
2.2
5.9
3.8
1,311
54
81
1,175
1,306
89
92
1,125
7.1
6.6
3.5
7.6
6.9
9.2
3.8
7.2
7.6
(2)
3.6
8.9
7.3
(2)
4.0
8.3
6.7
6.4
3.3
6.9
6.6
8.8
2.9
6.6
872
157
546
170
818
175
467
176
5.9
3.3
9.3
4.1
5.4
3.6
7.7
4.1
6.0
3.3
9.3
4.0
5.1
3.6
7.4
3.0
4.6
3.0
7.9
4.4
8.6
2.5
23.8
8.0
1,806
622
370
814
250
564
1,546
515
403
628
213
415
9.1
7.2
6.6
14.7
26.2
12.3
8.0
6.2
7.2
11.5
23.3
9.1
8.9
5.8
6.5
15.2
25.9
12.4
7.8
4.9
7.3
11.7
22.7
8.9
10.0
9.5
7.7
12.6
(2)
11.7
8.6
8.2
6.6
10.8
2
( )
9.8
338
307
9.6
9.4
9.4
8.6
10.6
12.4
Farming, forestry, and fishing
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
568
356
95
116
1
Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
,
Mar.
1997
Women
Men
Total
Total
Total, 16 years and over1
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Unemployment rates
505
349
67
89
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
35
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Unemployment rates
Total
Industry
Total
Mar.
1997
Men
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
7,399
6,816
5.5
5.0
5.7
5.2
5.2
4.8
5,814
5,325
5.6
5.1
5.9
5.2
5.4
4.9
Mining
Construction
30
869
27
807
4.7
12.6
4.5
11.5
4.6
13.1
5.0
11.6
5.4
8.1
1.0
10.3
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
988
513
76
60
49
14
39
70
54
86
53
32
22
43
865
493
66
30
32
25
59
100
66
54
36
18
28
34
4.6
4.0
9.0
8.5
7.5
1.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
3.6
3.9
3.2
2.7
6.3
4.1
3.9
8.2
4.4
6.1
3.6
4.1
3.8
3.3
2.2
2.5
1.7
3.4
5.0
4.2
3.8
7.8
9.4
8.0
1.6
2.2
2.6
2.2
3.6
3.6
3.6
2.7
5.1
3.4
3.6
9.1
3.9
5.3
4.0
4.4
3.0
2.5
1.8
1.9
1.6
3.6
4.1
5.5
4.6
14.4
6.3
6.1
2.9
4.9
3.0
3.7
3.7
4.7
1.9
2.7
8.0
5.5
4.7
4.8
5.3
9.3
.0
3.2
6.4
4.6
3.6
4.6
2.2
3.1
6.4
475
129
36
90
28
76
42
50
24
371
114
25
70
20
52
33
35
22
5.5
7.4
5.4
9.2
4.4
4.2
2.9
5.4
6.1
4.5
6.8
4.4
7.6
2.5
3.0
2.6
3.7
5.8
5.0
6.8
3.0
8.3
5.1
4.7
2.9
3.9
7.2
3.3
4.5
5.1
6.6
2.2
2.6
2.0
2.4
2.7
6.4
8.8
8.4
9.6
2.4
3.5
2.9
8.5
4.0
6.4
11.1
3.6
8.1
3.3
3.5
3.7
6.2
13.2
312
220
,
1,781
164
1,617
228
1,606
555
1,050
278
198
80
1,554
149
1,405
196
1,597
574
1,023
4.3
4.9
3.4
6.8
3.4
7.6
3.0
4.8
2.8
7.8
3.6
4.2
2.7
5.9
3.2
6.4
2.4
4.6
2.8
7.4
4.6
5.4
3.0
6.2
2.7
7.3
3.1
5.1
2.5
7.2
3.5
4.0
2.6
5.5
3.4
6.2
2.5
5.0
2.6
7.0
3.8
3.5
4.1
7.5
5.0
7.8
2.9
4.7
2.9
8.4
3.9
4.6
3.0
6.2
2.6
6.7
2.4
4.4
2.9
7.8
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience
252
766
568
257
729
505
12.5
2.6
12.9
2.5
12.4
3.0
11.3
2.6
12.8
2.1
17.9
2.4
Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
,
,
,
,
92
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Women
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
36
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Reason
Women,
20 years
and over
Men,
20 years
and over
Total,
16 years
and over
Both sexes,
16 to 19
years
White
Black
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
7,399
3,493
1,250
2,243
1,560
683
808
2,530
568
6,816
3,311
1,238
2,073
1,511
562
755
2,246
505
3,435
2,198
876
1,323
913
410
359
823
55
3,093
2,009
791
1,217
868
349
341
678
65
2,718
1,132
304
829
591
238
366
1,063
156
2,554
1,145
385
759
581
178
334
984
91
1,246
162
71
91
56
36
83
644
356
1,170
157
62
96
61
34
81
583
349
5,389
2,754
1,081
1,673
1,213
460
610
1,645
380
4,980 1,649 1,498
591
2,532
625
122
153
1,030
470
471
1,502
279
333
1,116
191
138
387
168
131
592
733
596
1,528
157
147
328
100.0
47.2
16.9
30.3
10.9
34.2
7.7
100.0
48.6
18.2
30.4
11.1
32.9
7.4
100.0
64.0
25.5
38.5
10.4
24.0
1.6
100.0
64.9
25.6
39.4
11.0
21.9
2.1
100.0
41.7
11.2
30.5
13.5
39.1
5.7
100.0
44.8
15.1
29.7
13.1
38.5
3.6
100.0
13.0
5.7
7.3
6.7
51.7
28.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
13.5
41.7
35.9
50.8
51.1
5.3 20.1
7.4 10.2
20.7
8.2 31.0
31.5
28.5
30.2
6.9
8.7
10.2
11.9
11.3
49.8
39.8
44.4
30.7
30.5
6.6
7.1
29.8
9.8
9.5
2.6
.6
1.9
.4
2.4
.6
1.6
.4
3.2
.5
1.2
.1
2.9
.5
1.0
.1
1.9
.6
1.8
.3
1.9
.6
1.6
.2
2.2
1.1
8.7
4.8
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job ieavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
N e w entrants
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
37
2.0
1.0
7.5
4.5
2.4
.5
1.4
.3
2.2
.5
1.3
.3
3.9
1.1
4.8
1.0
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
3.9
.8
3.8
.9
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
March 1998
Duration of unemployment
Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age
15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons
Percent
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
6,816
3,311
1,238
2,073
1,511
562
755
2,246
505
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.0
36.0
42.6
32.0
30.8
35.2
44.6
36.7
33.9
33.4
34.5
33.9
34.9
36.3
31.2
34.0
31.1
34.8
29.6
29.5
23.5
33.0
32.8
33.6
21.4
32.2
31.3
15.5
17.3
18.4
16.5
16.8
15.9
11.4
15.4
10.2
14.1
12.2
5.1
16.5
16.1
17.7
10.1
16.8
21.1
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
3,093
2,009
791
1,217
868
349
341
678
65
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
33.4
33.4
38.3
30.2
28.7
33.8
37.4
33.1
33.1
35.1
37.1
33.7
34.9
30.9
34.8
26.1
33.5
31.6
24.6
36.1
36.4
35.2
27.7
40.8
16.9
17.6
19.7
16.3
16.8
14.9
13.8
15.7
16.6
13.9
5.0
19.8
19.6
20.3
13.9
25.2
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
2,554
1,145
385
759
581
178
334
984
91
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
38.2
37.5
45.6
33.4
31.8
38.6
47.0
36.7
29.8
33.1
34.1
30.9
35.7
37.9
28.7
33.3
32.4
26.1
28.8
28.4
23.6
30.9
30.3
32.7
19.7
30.9
44.1
15.6
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.8
16.7
11.1
15.6
7.0
13.2
10.9
6.1
13.3
12.5
16.0
8.5
15.3
37.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1,170
157
62
96
61
34
81
583
349
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.0
58.2
(1)
44.4
34.8
31.0
(1)
43.7
21.2
10.8
(1)
11.9
11.5
10.8
(1)
11.9
9.6
()
64.9
40.9
38.2
()
33.2
34.8
36.9
1.9
24.4
25.0
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
1
1
1
1
1
()
1.9
14.9
8.5
9.5
16.5
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-33. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Full-time workers
Total
Duration of unemployment
Totai, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
Percent distribution
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
7,399
2,313
6,816
2,524
2,274
100.0
31.3
36.0
23.6
12.4
32.7
100.0
37.0
33.4
23.5
5,943
5,364
1,866
100.0
28.3
35.7
22.6
100.0
34.8
556
1,733
904
13.2
36.0
10.4
32.3
16.8
1,034
469
565
830
17.4
7.9
9.5
17.7
10.3
16.2
8.7
2,663
1,600
673
1,743
920
2,423
1,259
1,164
534
630
2,019
1,055
964
448
516
16.3
9.3
15.2
8.0
17.0
15.7
7.2
8.5
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
Thousands of persons
9.9
29.6
15.5
14.1
6.6
7.6
1,680
2,123
1,341
782
2,140
1,107
1,765
1,208
391
439
18.6
32.9
22.5
15.5
7.3
8.2
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
38
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
March 1998
Weeks
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total
15 weeks and over
Less
than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
2,524
515
480
584
527
247
126
44
2,274
407
440
562
442
274
113
36
2,019
248
215
525
466
359
154
51
1,055
135
1,173
595
72
66
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,816
1,170
1,135
1,671
1,435
880
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,779
686
649
873
733
516
244
78
1,329
295
245
1,277
254
275
290
264
127
83
25
289
204
170
66
19
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,038
484
486
798
702
364
150
54
1,195
220
235
294
263
997
153
165
273
239
120
43
19
104
47
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
4,980
2,868
2,111
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
394
132
,
,
137
128
294
266
220
94
33
113
89
225
244
175
92
26
15.2
11.4
11.2
14.9
15.8
19.8
24.3
21.9
8.0
5.8
6.7
8.4
8.6
10.8
9.9
8.7
578
64
62
126
140
110
58
17
16.3
11.5
12.8
15.5
17.3
21.7
24.9
22.7
8.5
6.1
7.2
9.2
9.2
12.1
9.6
11.7
97
74
26
386
48
27
99
104
65
34
13.8
11.2
9.0
14.2
14.2
17.2
23.4
7.4
5.4
5.3
7.7
8.1
9.3
10.4
126
300
223
184
62
25
168
126
110
36
16
964
460
62
59
17
846
111
86
231
201
139
60
18
9
9
1,879
1,026
852
1,755
1,015
740
1,346
827
519
763
450
313
583
377
205
13.7
15.1
11.9
7.5
8.0
6.8
1,498
710
788
514
228
287
421
207
214
563
276
287
237
113
125
326
163
162
20.0
20.7
19.3
10.1
10.3
1,291
475
405
144
728
477
165
531
234
90
271
243
75
260
18.9
18.3
14.0
10.0
9.7
7.5
390
197
411
270
228
348
159
114
186
111
114
162
11.9
17.6
13.5
7.2
8.7
7.0
132
1
Race
9.9
Marital status
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)
2,012
410
166
753
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)
1,102
662
1,273
443
237
514
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflects new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
39
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
March 1998
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry
15 weeks and over
Less
than
5 weeks
Total
Weeks
5 to 14
weeks
Total
27 weeks
and over
15 to 26
weeks
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
672
1,625
1,306
818
1,546
307
244
661
503
351
505
76
207
535
432
241
557
120
221
429
371
226
483
110
100
220
181
128
288
84
122
209
190
98
196
26
18.1
14.0
14.8
13.9
15.5
15.2
8.7
7.2
7.6
7.1
8.7
11.7
257
835
869
498
371
939
62
302
294
178
115
107
625
86
233
290
143
147
107
412
64
141
172
74
63
720
41
109
300
286
177
109
103
527
78
590
27
62
514
52
98
59
232
29
243
25
23
92
118
69
49
48
179
33
271
26
13.8
14.2
15.7
15.7
15.7
16.1
13.4
16.8
15.6
19.6
11.6
8.4
8.7
8.3
9.3
8.5
7.4
9.4
7.5
172
176
158
51
107
16.6
7.3
INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
4,725
616
3,422
360
505
No previous work experience
1
10.0
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)
Category
Mar.
1997
Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now1
Want a job 1
Did not search for work in previous year
Searched for work in previous y e a r
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects3
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other4
Mar.
1998
16 to 24
years
Mar.
1997
55 years
and over
25 to 54
years
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Men
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Women
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
66,989 67,580 11,862 11,868 18,457 18,406 36,670 37,306 24,656 25,121 42,333 42,459
62,040 62,824 9,940 10,085 16,212 16,245 35,888 36,494 22,547 23,110 39,493 39,713
1,783 2,245 2,161
4,949 4,756 1,921
812 2,108 2,010 2,840 2,746
782
2,760 2,758 1,035
995 1,213 1,172
591 1,119 1,129 1,641
511
1,629
2,189 1,998
788 1,032
886
989
989
221
270
1,200 1,116
881
257
369
717
274
315
572
41
306
33
240
332
412
517
531
1,471
717
1,426
715
180
237
683
642
788
784
356
1,115
162
285
94
574
343
1,083
126
255
101
601
78
439
29
234
18
157
1
84
447
30
214
9
194
221
496
108
48
46
295
195
520
81
41
74
324
57
180
24
3
30
122
64
116
15
18
83
185
498
26
152
50
270
185
457
21
119
44
273
171
617
136
133
44
304
158
626
105
136
57
328
4
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3
Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
2
Sex
Age
Total
40
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-37.
Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
Both sexes
Characteristic
Number
Men
Rate
1
Number
Women
Rate
1
Number
Rate1
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
7,862
278
7,585
781
6.1
4.5
6.2
6.5
6.2
6.5
4.6
5.1
3.1
6.1
4.1
6.2
5.8
6.3
6.6
4.8
5.2
3.1
4,055
117
3,938
382
3,556
3,143
4,187
106
6.0
3.3
6.2
5.0
6.3
6.5
5.0
5.4
3.5
3,800
167
3,634
389
3,245
2,906
413
334
79
4,082
319
3,762
3,315
447
377
71
5.9
3.8
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.3
4.6
5.0
3.5
3,807
161
6,059
744
628
117
7,987
272
7,715
708
7,007
6,221
786
672
114
6.3
5.0
6.3
6.6
6.3
6.6
4.5
5.0
2.7
6,856
727
534
6,925
744
542
6.3
5.3
4.3
6.3
5.2
4.1
3,541
361
308
3,647
373
315
6.0
5.7
4.1
4,308
1,487
2,067
4,619
1,411
1,957
5.7
7.3
6.3
6.1
6.8
5.8
2,526
531
2,749
512
926
6.0
6.4
5.6
4,546
1,687
196
1,398
4,632
1,635
AGE
Total, 16 years and over2
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,804
294
37
339
295
44
6.4
5.2
6.5
6.9
6.4
6.7
4.6
5.3
2.4
6.1
5.5
4.0
3,315
366
227
3,278
370
228
6.7
5.0
4.7
6.5
4.9
4.3
6.5
6.0
5.1
1,782
1,870
957
899
1,068
1,031
5.4
8.0
7.3
5.7
7.4
6.6
1,903
1,188
63
1,935
1,158
74
643
617
3,646
399
3,247
2,916
331
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time ...
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job
216
1,471
1
Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
2,642
499
133
755
2,697
476
142
854
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised
population controls used in the household survey.
41
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Total
Veteran status
and age
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Unemployed
Employed
Percent of
labor force
Number
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1998
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over
7,794
6,378
1,095
2,824
2,459
1,416
7,815
6,069
827
2,357
2,885
1,746
6,686
5,795
983
2,576
2,236
891
6,583
5,463
750
2,142
2,571
1,120
6,454
5,592
937
2,490
2,165
862
6,375
5,285
721
2,069
2,495
1,090
232
204
46
86
72
28
208
178
28
74
76
30
3.5
3.5
4.7
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.8
3.4
2.9
2.7
19,049
8,826
6,022
4,201
19,977
9,122
6,579
4,276
17,275
8,127
5,502
3,646
18,211
8,468
6,026
3,718
16,636
7,823
5,319
3,494
17,549
8,158
5,809
3,582
639
304
183
152
662
310
217
135
3.7
3.7
3.3
4.2
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.6
NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls
used in the household survey.
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5,1964 and May 7,1975. Nonveterans are men who
have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1998, data
42
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1947 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month
Total
Total
private
Total
Mining
Service-producing
Construc- Manufacturing
tion
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Total
Wholesale
trade
Retail
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and
real
estate
Government
Services
Federal
State
Local
Annual averages
1947.
1948.
1949.
43,857
44,866
43,754
38,382
39,216
37,897
18,509
18,774
17,565
955
994
930
2,009
2,198
2,194
15.545
15,582
14,441
25.348
26,092
26,189
4,166
4,189
4,001
2,478
2,612
2,610
6,477
6,659
6,654
1,728
1,800
1,828
5,025
5,181
5,239
1,892
1,863
1,908
0)
(D
(D
(1)
(1)
(1)
1950.
1951 .
1952.
1953.
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
19592
45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53,270
39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45.239
43,483
45,186
18,506
19.959
20,198
21.074
19,751
20,513
21.104
20,967
19,513
20,411
901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732
2.364
2,637
2.668
2,659
2.646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004
15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675
26.691
27,860
28,595
29.128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,889
31,811
32,857
4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011
2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092
6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035
1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549
5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087
1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,230
4,366
1960.
1961 .
1962.
1963.
1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384
45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189
20,434
19,857
20.451
20.640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23.737
24,361
712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619
2,926
2,859
2.948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575
16,796
16.326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167
33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023
4,004
3.903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442
3,153
3,142
3,207
3.258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919
8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785
2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512
7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169
2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758
1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533
4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904
1970.
1971 .
1972.
1973.
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978 .
1979 .
70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823
58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62.259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876
23.578
22.935
23.668
24,893
24,794
22.600
23.352
24,346
25,585
26,461
623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958
3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3.851
4.229
4,463
19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20.077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20.505
21,040
47,302
48,276
50.007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363
4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4.542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5.136
4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5.221
11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972
3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975
11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112
2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773
2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541
7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633
1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
1986.
1987.
1988.
1989.
90,406
91,152
89,544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,209
107,884
74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80.992
82,651
84.948
87,823
90.105
25.658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24.674
25.125
25,254
1.027
1,139
1.128
952
966
927
777
717
713
692
4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380
4,668
4,810
4.958
5.098
5,171
20.285
20.170
18.780
18,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
18,999
19,314
19,391
64,748
65,655
65,732
66,821
69,690
72,544
74,811
77,284
80,084
82,630
5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5.233
5.247
5,362
5,512
5,614
5.292
5,375
5,295
5,283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6,030
6,187
15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17,315
17,880
18,422
19,023
19,475
5,160
5,298
5,340
5,466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6,668
17,890
18,615
19,021
19,664
20,746
21,927
22,957
24,110
25,504
26,907
2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988
3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,182
9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,609
1990.
1991 .
1992.
1993.
1994.
1995.
1996.
1997.
109,403
108,249
108,601
110,713
114,163
117.191
119,523
122,259
91,098
89,847
89,956
91,872
95,036
97,885
100,076
102,605
24,905
23,745
23.231
23,352
23,908
24,265
24,431
24,739
709
689
635
610
601
581
574
574
5,120
4.650
4.492
4,668
4.986
5,160
5,400
5,629
19,076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,321
18.524
18,457
18,537
84,497
84,504
85,370
87,361
90,256
92,925
95,092
97,520
5,777
5,755
5,718
5,811
5,984
6,132
6,261
6,425
6,173
6,081
5,997
5,981
6,162
6,378
6,483
6,657
19,601
19,284
19,356
19,773
20,507
21,187
21,625
22,136
6,709
6,646
6,602
6,757
6,896
6,806
6,899
7,053
27,934
28,336
29,052
30,197
31,579
33,117
34,377
35,595
3,085
2,966
2,969
2,915
2,870
2,822
2,757
2,700
4,305
4,355
4,408
4,488
4,576
4,635
4,624
4,648
10,914
11,081
11,267
11,438
11,682
11,849
12,066
12,307
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1997:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September ...
October
November
December
1998:
January
FebruaryP
MarchP
121,344
121,671
121.834
122,056
122,440
122,492
122,792
123.083
123.512
123.866
101.799
102.092
102.269
102,417
102.721
102,688
103,078
103,334
103,749
104,096
24,670
24,667
24.702
24,714
24.713
24,765
24.771
24.814
24,888
24.995
572
573
576
574
574
573
576
574
572
574
5,609
5.599
5,628
5.622
5,625
5,637
5.642
5.650
5,682
5.747
18,489
18,495
18,498
18,518
18,514
18,555
18,553
18,590
18,634
18,674
96.674
97,004
97,132
97,342
97,727
97.727
98.021
98,269
98.624
98.871
6,405
6,421
6,431
6,434
6,443
6,289
6,473
6,497
6,495
6,478
6,611
6,622
6,630
6,634
6,664
6,675
6,687
6,712
6,729
6,746
21,945
22,029
22,026
22,079
22,159
22,189
22,215
22,258
22,403
22.450
6,992
7,019
7,029
7,034
7,058
7,068
7,082
7,108
7,132
7,151
35,176
35,334
35,451
35,522
35,684
35,702
35,850
35,945
36,102
36,276
2,709
2,708
2,703
2,694
2,689
2,690
2,680
2,687
2,694
2,689
4,622
4,635
4,636
4,640
4,671
4,664
4,662
4,663
4,673
4,665
12,214
12,236
12,226
12,305
12,359
12,450
12,372
12,399
12,396
12,416
124.265
124,517
124,481
104,484
104,705
104,674
25,139
25,172
25,086
574
572
571
5,843
5.877
5,789
18,722
18,723
18,726
99,126
99,345
99,395
6,516
6,542
6.564
6,780
6,793
6,798
22,462
22,476
22,428
7,170
7,190
7,221
36,417
36,532
36,577
2,674
2,676
2,672
4,664
4,661
4,667
12,443
12,475
12,468
1
Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
P » preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1996
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1996) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1993) are
subject to revision.
2
44
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Construction
Mining
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Weekly
earnings
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
114.61
41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0
$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60
$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80
37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9
$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79
$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54
3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16
119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91
42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0
3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49
164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07
37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0
5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27
195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99
35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6
6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66
235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24
43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0
9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26
397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18
37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9
9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54
367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17
34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.5
34.4
34.6
10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.12
11.43
11.81
12.26
345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64
385.86
394.34
406.26
424.20
44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.8
44.7
45.3
45.4
13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.88
15.30
15.61
16.14
603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78
666.62
683.91
707.13
732.76
38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
38.9
39.0
38.9
13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.73
15.09
15.46
16.00
526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
573.00
587.00
602.94
622.40
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7
$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04
$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1997:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....
November
December
1998:
January ....
FebruaryP
MarchP
34.6
34.4
34.5
34.9
34.7
35.0
34.7
34.6
34.8
34.7
$12.17
12.17
12.17
12.17
12.15
12.21
12.39
12.43
12.51
12.51
$421.08
418.65
419.87
424.73
421.61
427.35
429.93
430.08
435.35
434.10
45.7
45.1
45.8
45.8
45.2
45.6
45.6
45.4
45.7
45.3
$15.98
16.05
15.98
16.11
16.03
15.94
16.23
16.19
16.38
16.49
$730.29
723.86
731.88
737.84
724.56
726.86
740.09
735.03
748.57
747.00
38.4
38.7
39.7
39.5
40.1
39.7
40.0
39.7
37.8
38.4
$15.67
15.75
15.83
15.88
16.00
16.09
16.27
16.30
16.25
16.34
$601.73
609.53
628.45
627.26
641.60
638.77
650.80
647.11
614.25
627.46
34.2
34.6
34.5
12.59
12.63
12.66
430.58
437.00
436.77
45.0
44.0
43.3
16.61
16.89
16.96
747.45
743.16
734.37
37.4
37.9
37.9
16.22
16.19
16.28
606.63
613.60
617.01
See footnotes at end of table.
45
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarmpayrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities
Manufacturing
Year and
month
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Wholesale trade
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40 7
40 6
$2.53
2 61
2.71
2.82
3 01
3.19
$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2 88
3.05
$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51
41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7
$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63
$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74
40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2
$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23
$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2
3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70
3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43
133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34
40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9
3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16
155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58
39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8
3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39
136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0
7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48
7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02
288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68
39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.2
38.3
8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.24
12.57
351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
467.57
481.43
38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0
6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39
266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82
40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4
42.0
41.6
41.6
42.0
10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.07
12.37
12.78
13.17
10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.43
11.74
12.12
12.46
441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.94
514.59
531.65
553.14
38.4
38.1
38.3
39.3
39.7
39.4
39.6
39.7
12.92
13.20
13.43
13.55
13.78
14.13
14.44
14.89
496.13
502.92
514.37
532.52
547.07
556.72
571.82
591.13
38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.4
10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.06
12.43
12.87
13.43
411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
463.10
476.07
492.92
515.71
.. .
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1997:
March
April
May
JunG
July
August
September
October
November
December
1998:
January
FebruaryP
MarchP
42.0
41.8
41.9
42.0
41.2
42.0
42.4
42.2
42.6
43.0
$13.08
13.09
13.09
13.10
13.11
13.15
13.24
13.29
13.37
13.48
$12.39
12.40
12.40
12.41
12.43
12.42
12.47
12.54
12.61
12.69
$549.36
547.16
548.47
550.20
540.13
552.30
561.38
560.84
569.56
579.64
39.5
39.2
39.3
39.8
39.4
40.5
40.2
39.8
40.3
39.8
$14.70
14.77
14.72
14.78
14.95
15.00
15.01
15.04
15.14
15.12
$580.65
578.98
578.50
588.24
589.03
607.50
603.40
598.59
610.14
601.78
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.7
38.3
38.5
38.4
38.4
38.7
38.4
$13.28
13.33
13.32
13.36
13.37
13.47
13.52
13.56
13.74
13.71
$511.28
510.54
512.82
517.03
512.07
518.60
519.17
520.70
531.74
526.46
41.9
41.7
41.7
13.41
13.42
13.48
12.70
12.73
12.77
561.88
559.61
562.12
39.2
39.8
39.3
15.22
15.19
15.17
596.62
604.56
596.18
38.1
38.5
38.5
13.76
13.85
13.85
524.26
533.23
533.23
See footnotes at end of table.
46
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Fr lance, insurance,
and real estate
Retail trade
Year and
month
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Services
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93
$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70
36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7
$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61
$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57
Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
37.0
36.6
35 9
35.3
34 7
34.2
$1.75
1.82
1 91
2.01
2.16
2.30
$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66
37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0 •
37.1
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
33.8
33.7
33.4
33 1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6
2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53
82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62
36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2
3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27
112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77
34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7
2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36
96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9
4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53
147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72
36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8
5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53
209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17
32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6
5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38
190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
28.8
28.8
28.9
6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
7.69
7.99
8.34
194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
221.47
230.11
241.03
35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
35.9
36.1
9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
12.32
12.79
13.31
356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
442.29
459.16
480.49
32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.6
9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.04
11.39
11.79
12.28
319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
358.80
369.04
382.00
400.33
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1997:
March
. .
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1998:
January
FebruaryP
MarchP
28.7
28.6
28.8
29.4
29.6
29.7
29.0
28.8
28.8
29.2
$8.27
8.28
8.27
8.27
8.27
8.29
8.45
8.47
8.51
8.51
$237.35
236.81
238.18
243.14
244.79
246.21
245.05
243.94
245.09
248.49
36.5
35.9
35.9
36.6
35.8
36.1
35.8
35.9
36.7
35.9
$13.20
13.09
13.18
13.23
13.18
13.35
13.45
13.53
13.69
13.61
$481.80
469.93
473.16
484.22
471.84
481.94
481.51
485.73
502.42
488.60
32.6
32.4
32.4
32.8
32.8
32.9
32.5
32.6
32.8
32.6
$12.24
12.20
12.17
12.15
12.07
12.12
12.36
12.42
12.58
12.61
$399.02
395.28
394.31
398.52
395.90
398.75
401.70
404.89
412.62
411.09
28.1
28.8
28.7
8.63
8.62
8.65
242.50
248.26
248.26
36.1
37.1
36.9
13.67
13.91
13.95
493.49
516.06
514.76
32.4
32.8
32.7
12.67
12.75
12.77
410.51
418.20
417.58
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services,
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are
subject to revision.
47
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1997
1998
Industry
Mar.
Total
Total private
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
FebP
Mar.P
121,344 121.671 121.834 122,056 122.440 122,492 122.792 123,083 123,512 123,866 124,265 124,517 124,481
101,799 102.092 102,269 102,417 102,721 102,688 103,078 103,334 103,749 104,096 104,484 104,705 104,674
24,670
24.667
24,702
24,714
24.713
24,765
24,771
24,814
24,888
24,995
25,139
25,172
25,086
572
54
93
576
54
93
574
54
92
320
108
574
54
91
321
108
573
54
91
317
108
573
54
93
319
107
574
53
91
323
107
576
54
91
323
108
572
54
90
322
106
574
53
90
323
108
574
52
90
324
108
572
52
89
324
107
571
52
89
323
107
5,609
1,298
777
3,534
5.599
1,297
767
3.535
5,625
1,308
5,642
1,305
762
3,575
5,650
1,311
758
3,581
5,843
1,363
782
3,698
5,789
759
3,596
5,747
1,343
774
3,630
5,877
1,368
761
3,556
5,637
1,306
764
3,567
5,682
3.551
5,622
1,302
766
3.554
792
3,717
771
3,655
18.489
18.495
18,498
18,518
18,514
18,555
18.553
18,590
18,634
18,674
18,722
18,723
18,726
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment...
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical
equipment
Electronic components and
accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
10.848
10.856
799
506
541
710
10.864
800
10.891
797
508
538
709
10.910
796
510
541
708
10.957
798
506
541
711
10.952
798
508
10.985
800
509
543
11,020
800
11,048
511
542
806
513
543
713
716
1,470
1,475
2,165
1,477
1,482
385
2,168
384
2,176
386
716
1,485
2,184
384
717
1,489
2,188
387
11,093
808
516
550
719
1,496
2,194
387
11,102
809
519
549
720
1,497
2,198
387
11,103
808
521
546
720
1,494
2,198
387
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products ....
Leather and leather products
Goods-producing
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing
797
507
542
709
1.463
321
108
5,628
1.300
111
508
540
708
1,468
321
541
107
1,327
1,363
2,136
372
1,468
2.142
375
2,146
378
2,152
379
1,468
2,155
381
1,645
1.643
1,644
1,651
1,658
1,661
1,663
1,666
1,673
1,678
1,685
1,685
1,687
614
1,810
969
491
853
386
618
1.804
957
495
855
388
622
1.809
960
498
854
387
628
1,824
967
505
856
386
632
1,826
965
510
859
389
637
1.855
985
514
858
387
639
1,840
973
515
858
386
644
1,849
977
518
859
385
647
1.868
995
521
860
381
651
1,868
988
526
861
385
655
1,874
992
527
864
387
654
1,879
993
530
860
386
653
1,880
993
529
863
386
7,641
7.634
1.693
7.598
1,679
40
604
810
675
7.601
7,605
1,690
7,614
1,701
42
602
796
676
7,626
1,706
41
604
795
676
7,621
1,547
1,024
1,547
1,551
1,553
1.023
1,029
138
986
90
138
990
1,028
137
992
89
138
134
996
88
1,002
87
1,028
135
1,001
88
7,623
1,714
41
597
782
678
1,558
1,030
138
991
90
1,028
137
993
89
7,629
1,710
40
601
792
678
1,558
1,027
139
988
93
7,627
1,692
41
607
816
675
1,550
1,027
138
989
92
7,604
1,684
41
608
810
675
1.549
988
94
7,639
1,699
41
609
822
677
1.541
1.029
140
988
93
96,674
97.004
97,132
97,342
97,727
97,727
98,021
98,269
98,624
98,871
99,126
99,345
99,395
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services ....
6,405
4,164
226
6,421
4.179
225
6,431
4,187
226
6,434
4,193
230
6,443
4,202
229
6,289
4,049
225
6,473
4,232
227
6.497
4,247
226
6,495
4,243
229
6,478
4,221
230
6,516
4,247
233
6,542
4,268
232
6,564
4,281
455
1,671
175
458
1,687
457
1,686
178
1,192
14
436
2,241
1,372
1,211
14
439
2.241
1,376
865
458
1,710
178
1,221
463
1,713
172
1,210
14
442
2,269
1,406
863
1,215
14
445
2,274
1,410
864
469
1,722
179
1,220
440
2,250
1,385
865
1,222
14
440
2,252
1,390
862
462
1,699
175
1,201
14
440
2,257
1,396
861
466
1,719
176
464
1,703
179
1.025
14
439
2.240
1,376
864
459
1,702
1.192
14
434
2.244
1,372
872
461
1,692
176
1.193
14
437
2.241
1,372
869
457
1,708
877
460
1,676
177
1.192
14
435
2,242
1,369
873
446
2,283
1,420
863
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
6,611
3,889
2.722
6.622
3.900
2.722
6.630
3.909
2.721
6.664
3.938
2,726
6.675
3.957
2,718
6,687
3,962
2,725
6,712
3,978
2,734
6,729
3,993
2,736
6,746
4,006
2,740
6,780
4,024
2,756
6,793
4,044
2,749
6,798
4,046
2,752
Service-producing
1,698
42
612
827
677
1,535
1.028
140
1,191
14
432
2,241
1,364
41
609
818
677
1.546
1.030
6,634
3.917
2.717
See footnotes at end of table.
48
1,688
40
605
803
675
1,026
176
41
604
800
675
1,548
14
177
1,709
41
598
783
678
1,560
177
135
1,002
86
231
14
ESTABUSHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1998
1997
Industry
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
Mar.P
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
21,945
922
2,783
2,452
3,478
22.029
931
2.799
2.446
3.480
22,026
932
2.787
2.452
3.482
22,079
928
2,798
2.450
3.487
22,159
930
2,803
2,458
3,502
22,189
929
2,822
2,470
3,505
22,215
926
2,818
2,469
3,507
22,258
926
2.824
2,474
3,520
22,403
934
2,868
2,522
3.521
22,450
934
2,874
2,520
3,522
22,462
945
2,866
2,531
3,533
22,476
948
2,864
2,510
3,539
22,428
947
2,863
2,511
3,538
2.315
1,055
1,104
1,025
7.525
2.793
2,319
1.055
1,105
1.026
7.571
2.798
2.316
1,054
1,099
1,032
7,572
2,806
2,315
1.056
1,097
1,034
7.595
2,825
2.318
1,055
1.096
1.042
7.639
2.829
2.325
1,057
1,102
1,044
7.618
2,844
2,331
1,057
1.102
1,049
7.626
2.856
2,336
1,060
1,108
1,055
7,626
2,863
2,338
1,062
1,111
1,062
7,669
2,900
2,338
1,061
1,106
1,070
7,688
2,918
2,339
1,061
1,111
1,073
7,694
2,901
2,339
1,061
1,102
1,076
7,709
2,899
2,342
1,062
1,093
1,078
7,666
2,901
Finance, insurance, and real estate ....
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service
Real estate
6,992
3,366
2.037
1.482
254
534
242
579
216
2.217
1.500
7,019
3.381
2.041
1.486
253
539
243
583
7,034
3,394
2,044
1.487
254
543
243
586
221
2,226
7,132
3,457
2,058
7,151
3,472
2,064
7,170
3,479
7,190
3,489
2,064
1,500
250
1,502
253
561
253
610
231
2,247
1,516
1,521
614
233
2,257
1,529
1,500
252
563
252
619
236
2,257
1,506
2.048
1,491
252
549
245
595
222
2,232
1,510
7,082
3,427
2.048
1,491
251
554
249
600
225
2,232
1.511
7,108
3,444
2,052
1,495
250
559
252
605
228
2,239
1,503
7,058
3,405
2.048
1,490
253
545
243
592
220
2,230
1,509
7.068
3,414
2.221
1,502
7,029
3,389
2.043
1,488
253
542
244
586
218
2,222
1,527
1,502
252
567
260
622
236
2,263
1,530
7,221
3,508
2,070
1,504
252
576
265
627
235
2,268
1,537
717
1,409
719
1,417
719
1,418
720
1,414
721
1,423
722
1,422
721
1,423
723
1,425
726
1,428
728
1,422
730
1,434
733
1,438
731
1,445
Services1
Agricultrual services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing
services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services ....
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities ....
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
35,176
35,334
664
1.756
35,451
35,522
668
1,744
35,684
673
1.747
1,182
35,702
675
1,747
1,185
7,657
35,850
680
1,756
1.187
7,732
902
2,762
2,423
35,945
684
1,765
1,188
7,759
902
2,770
2.427
36,102
687
36,276
682
1,759
1,185
7,918
908
2,868
2,520
36,417
36,532
683
1,766
1,192
8,026
914
2,920
2,571
36,577
680
1,766
1,198
8,041
920
2,902
2,555
1,375
1.387
1,148
388
550
1,563
9,750
1,421
1,435
2,118
2,511
597
707
594
709
594
711
2,529
605
717
1,451
1,159
393
566
1,617
9,816
1,789
1,769
3,931
670
980
2,139
2,535
603
720
1,468
1,157
392
558
1,616
9,823
1,791
1,768
3,936
669
982
2,110
2,507
1,157
390
561
1,600
9,795
1,780
1,769
3,917
681
975
2,121
2,521
598
716
1,163
392
559
1,606
9,801
1,786
3,900
682
963
1,401
1,153
389
551
1,583
9,771
1,773
1,767
3,910
683
968
87
2.193
2.934
866
923
87
2.199
2.965
869
936
88
2.202
3,038
886
969
88
2,204
3,061
891
976
89
2,199
3,074
893
979
89
2,209
3,096
901
993
88
2,214
90
2,218
3,125
3,134
907
1,009
909
1,013
90
2,220
3,150
913
1,014
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service .
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
19,545
2,709
1.856
4,622
1,929
2.693
19.579
2,708
1.856
4,635
1.938
2,697
12.236
6,858
5.378
19,714
2,680
1,824
4,662
1.962
2,700
12,372
6,957
5,415
19,749
2,687
1,832
4,663
1.962
2,701
12,399
6.963
5,436
19,763
2,694
1,826
4,673
1,967
2,706
12,396
6,964
5,432
19,770
2,689
1,818
4,665
1,964
2,701
12,416
6,965
5,451
19,781
2,674
1,825
4,664
1,960
2,704
12,443
6,985
5,458
19,812
2,676
1,820
4,661
1,958
2,703
12,475
7,008
5,467
19,807
2,672
1,817
4,667
1,962
2,705
12,468
7,008
5,460
648
1,746
1.196
7,577
896
2.787
2,457
1.291
1.126
380
529
1,494
9,612
1.721
1.753
3.852
678
946
2.047
2.445
580
690
12.214
6.853
5,361
218
1.193
7,594
902
2.752
2.419
1.306
1.132
382
528
1.503
9.644
1.728
1,760
3.857
684
951
2.062
2.458
581
694
669
1,752
1.189
7.618
903
2.744
2.409
1,182
7,645
903
2.748
2,407
7,682
901
2,767
2,425
1,322
1.136
384
532
1,542
1,337
1,347
1,131
386
537
9,673
1.740
9,673
1,740
1,761
3,869
682
953
2,074
2.474
590
698
1,137
387
539
1,576
9,697
1,745
1.764
3.864
682
952
2.062
2.466
587
695
1,561
1.762
3.877
685
957
2.089
2.494
594
702
1.360
1,139
388
550
1,563
9.712
1,745
1,765
3,884
685
957
2,094
2,497
600
703
2.971
869
941
88
2.202
2,988
877
950
88
2.209
3.010
878
959
88
2.206
3,027
881
19.565
2.703
1.851
4,636
1,943
2,693
12,226
6,850
5,376
19,639
2,694
1.843
4.640
1,950
2,690
12,305
6,902
5,403
19,719
2.689
1.839
4,671
1.972
2,699
12,359
6.954
5,405
19,804
2,690
1.830
4.664
1.961
2,703
88
2.201
1
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1996
894
2,732
2.395
968
12,450
7,030
5,420
1,145
388
549
1,568
9,731
1,754
1,764
3,892
684
962
2,105
2.502
1,763
1,766
558
252
1.763
1,197
7,832
903
2,819
2,484
2,061
687
1,772
1,187
7,970
912
2,872
2,515
1,766
3,927
673
975
2,132
2,141
2,546
607
725
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.
49
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Women employe i on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1997
1998
Industry
Jan.
Total
Total private
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec,
Jan.
58,539 58,618 58.740 58,904 58,987 59,125 59,332 59,378 59,452 59,576 59,774 59,956 60.034
47,729 47,791 47.907 48.048 48,130 48,215 48.370 48,343 48.487
48.582
48,771
48,924
48,989
6,621
6,618
6,622
6.632
6,634
6,651
6,650
6,649
6.655
6,672
6,683
6,706
6,714
78
78
78
78
79
79
79
79
79
80
79
80
80
616
618
619
624
628
629
631
631
635
639
642
646
648
5,927
5.922
5,925
5.930
5,927
5,943
5,940
5,939
5,941
5,953
5,962
5,980
5,986
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
,
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
2,856
137
158
102
102
323
463
678
373
2,857
137
158
102
102
322
465
677
374
2,861
137
159
102
103
322
467
677
376
2,868
138
160
101
101
324
471
677
378
(1)
171
2,884
138
160
101
103
326
473
681
384
(1)
171
2,890
139
160
102
102
325
475
683
383
(1)
172
2,899
139
160
101
103
327
477
682
392
(1)
170
2,901
139
159
101
103
327
478
687
390
(1)
169
2,914
139
160
102
103
327
481
690
394
(1)
169
2,925
140
160
103
104
328
482
694
397
(1)
167
2,937
140
161
102
104
330
484
697
399
171
2,867
138
159
102
102
324
469
677
377
(1)
171
169
2,949
141
163
104
104
333
485
698
399
(1)
170
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3,071
558
13
287
621
164
691
326
25
335
51
3,064
558
13
286
614
164
690
327
25
336
51
3.063
558
12
285
611
164
694
327
25
337
50
3,059
557
13
285
605
164
696
327
25
337
50
3,059
558
12
285
603
164
700
327
24
337
49
3,050
554
13
285
603
163
699
325
25
335
48
3,040
551
12
282
599
163
698
325
24
338
48
3,040
553
13
283
593
164
699
326
24
338
47
3,039
555
13
282
590
165
699
326
24
338
47
3,037
559
13
280
583
165
700
326
24
340
47
3,043
559
13
281
585
165
701
327
25
341
46
3,037
562
13
278
579
165
702
325
24
343
46
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing
d)
172
(D
172
3,065
557
13
286
617
164
691
326
25
336
50
(D
(D
51.918 52,000 52.118 52.272 52,353 52,474 52,682 52,729 52,797 52,904 53,091 53,250 53,320
Transportation and public utilities
1,927
1,931
1,936
1,941
1,944
1,943
1,940
1,893
1,944
1,946
1,946
1,939
1,945
Wholesale trade
2,033
2.036
2,043
2,045
2.049
2.050
2,054
2,056
2,053
2,061
2,061
2,065
2,078
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
11,536 11,523 11,562 11,603 11,609 11,633 11,679 11,687 11,700 11,719 11,799 11,827 11,824
4,395
4,400
4,406
4,418
4,429
4,437
4,445
4,454
4,462
4,475
4,486
4,499
4,512
Services
21,217 21,283 21,338 21,409 21,465 21.501 21,602 21,604 21,673 21,709 21,796 21,888 21,916
Government
Federal
State
Local
10,810 10,827 10,833 10,856 10.857 10,910 10,962 11,035 10,965 10,994 11,003 11,032 11,045
1,155
1.151
1.149
1,147 1.147
1,144 1,141
1,142 1,136 1,142 1,148 1,154 1,140
2,341
2,348 2,350 2,354 2,364 2,368 2,391 2,390 2,385 2,396 2,400 2,394 2,394
7,314
7,334
7.355
7,328
7,346 7,398 7.430 7,503 7,444 7,456 7,455 7,484 7,511
1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.
50
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted
(In thousands)
1997
1998
Industry
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
Mar.P
Total private
83,476 83.664 83.865 83,965 84,243 84,097 84,447 84,624 64.986 85,265 85,474 85,736 85,666
Goods-producing
17,561 17,542 17.592 17.573 17,577 17,610 17,618 17,643 17,712 17,797 17,927 17,965 17.849
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
432
432
437
435
435
434
436
435
432
436
437
436
433
4,358
4,336
4,365
4,347
4,350
4,361
4,364
4,357
4.398
4,448
4,546
4,582
4,476
12,771 12.774 12.790 12,791
271
7,482
655
405
422
554
1,106
1,356
1.048
1.243
768
(2)
272
7.525
656
403
422
558
1,116
1,361
1.054
1,265
784
(2)
271
7,518
657
404
422
558
1,115
1,361
1.055
1,256
774
(2)
269
7,545
658
405
424
561
1,119
1,371
1.056
1,261
775
(2)
269
7,570
659
407
424
562
1,121
1,376
1,060
1,274
789
(2)
266
7,593
665
408
425
562
1,124
1,378
1.068
1,270
781
(2)
270
7,623
668
411
431
565
1,130
1,383
1.069
1,269
778
(2)
270
7,632
667
413
431
564
1,133
1,388
758
(2)
272
7,466
656
404
419
555
1.109
1,354
1,043
1,234
766
(2)
271
1,274
778
(2)
270
7,629
666
414
427
565
1,129
1,386
1,066
1,277
111
(2)
271
5,334
1.263
5,336
1,257
5,325
1.256
5,290
1.242
5,300
1,252
31
516
670
517
846
568
92
768
71
31
515
667
515
847
566
91
767
70
31
512
658
513
842
566
91
767
68
31
513
654
514
841
569
91
768
67
5,306
1,255
32
513
652
514
842
571
90
769
68
5,312
1,263
31
517
671
516
839
567
92
767
71
5,310
1.248
32
516
665
514
846
565
91
764
69
5,320
1,266
31
512
647
516
845
575
90
772
66
5,321
1,270
32
509
642
518
843
576
88
777
66
5,315
1,272
32
507
634
518
842
579
88
111
66
5,311
1,274
33
508
631
518
837
579
88
778
65
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
7,437
656
402
422
553
1.103
7,440
658
402
420
553
1,342
761
(2)
1.349
1.041
1.220
752
(2)
271
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
5,334
1,261
32
519
675
516
834
567
92
766
72
Service-producing
1.043
1,225
7,454
659
403
420
553
1.107
1,350
1.040
1.231
12,792 12,815 12,818 12,851 12,882 12,913 12,944 12,947 12,940
1.107
33
511
648
515
844
573
90
768
67
1.065
65,915 66.122 66.273 66,392 66,666 66,487 66,829 66,981 67.274 67,468 67,547 67,771 67,817
Transportation and public utilities
5,397
5,412
5,420
5,421
5,419
5,226
5,417
5,427
5.415
5,397
5,423
5,420
5,443
Wholesale trade
5.340
5.339
5.348
5,347
5.368
5,374
5,377
5,396
5,407
5,420
5,444
5,453
5,454
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
19.338 19.384 19.398 19.434 19.497 19,513 19.538 19,576 19,724 19,755 19,732 19,768 19,718
5.103
5.124
5.135
5.137
5.161
5.171
5,196
5,217
5,231
5,257
5,277
5,306
30.737 30.863 30.972 31,053 31,228 31,213 31,326 31,386 31,511 31,665 31,691 31,853 31,896
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
5.154
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.
51
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jun.
Jul.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1994
1995
i yy6
1997
1998
Over 3-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Over 6-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Over 12-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
57.6
62.4
103.4
59.3
64.5
61.9
60.1
128.6
59.1
P57.6
67.1
54.5
120.2
59.0
P54.5
64.5
55.6
109.8
61.1
57.7
48.0
125.8
57.4
63.9
53.9
121.0
50.7
62.5
54.1
113.0
58.8
62.6
59.8
118.6
58.7
61.4
57.0
108.8
56.5
60.3
54.9
125.2
64.2
63.8
57.2
116.2
61.7
62.4
57.9
122.0
65.3
65.4
125.2
64.6
69.5
62.5
127.2
62.2
P65.2
70.4
58.7
125.2
64.2
68.7
53.2
122.4
65.6
67.1
54.6
124.2
59.7
67.0
52.4
126.2
58.7
69.1
57.9
125.2
59.1
69.7
59.6
117.6
65.0
65.7
59.7
125.6
65.3
65.6
59.0
120.8
67.3
67.0
57.0
129.4
68.4
66.2
56.3
130.0
67.6
69.8
61.4
127.0
66.6
69.8
58.1
127.0
64.5
70.9
56.6
127.0
64.6
70.1
58.1
125.2
64.3
69.8
58.1
122.4
66.7
69.7
56.7
130.6
67.0
69.4
59.8
127.2
68.3
69.4
60.3
125.2
70.2
67.4
59.1
129.0
72.9
67.7
61.5
128.4
P73.2
66.2
63.3
134.8
P70.6
70.2
63.6
127.0
67.3
71.6
62.4
129.4
66.2
71.8
62.6
124.8
69.4
71.8
63.3
125.8
70.4
72.1
61.7
129.4
70.1
71.8
61.9
128.4
69.5
71.5
58.7
130.0
71.3
72.1
62.2
126.2
P71.9
70.1
62.2
127.6
P70.8
69.5
61.1
133.4
66.6
62.2
131.4
65.0
63.3
130.0
58.3
50.7
P66.9
71.1
66.9
124.4
61.4
69.9
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
55.8
54.3
91.4
54.0
60.8
59.0
56.1
108.6
50.4
P49.3
60.4
44.2
95.6
52.9
P50.7
58.6
51.4
78.4
52.9
52.9
42.1
104.4
51.4
58.6
42.8
104.4
49.3
59.4
43.5
88.4
51.8
56.1
52.2
105.8
49.6
52.9
47.1
88.4
54.3
55.0
50.0
101.4
57.6
58.6
47.5
99.2
59.4
Over 3-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
61.9
59.7
95.0
53.2
P60.4
64.7
50.4
95.6
51.4
P57.6
65.5
47.5
84.2
50.7
59.7
40.3
77.0
52.5
57.6
42.4
86.4
48.6
60.1
36.3
90.0
48.9
62.2
38.5
97.8
48.6
57.9
43.9
86.4
53.6
55.0
49.3
100.8
55.8
55.4
46.4
92.8
62.9
60.1
45.3
105.0
64.0
Over 6-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
62.2
55.8
82.8
53.2
62.2
48.6
83.4
53.2
62.6
43.9
82.0
50.4
63.3
38.8
76.2
49.3
59.4
39.2
79.2
48.6
56.5
39.6
81.2
52.2
56.5
38.8
95.0
55.0
58.6
39.6
93.6
58.3
58.6
43.9
90.6
60.8
55.0
45.0
100.8
65.1
58.3
44.2
96.4
P67.3
P64.0
Over 12-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
57.9
46.0
79.2
51.4
58.6
44.2
85.6
47.8
60.8
46.0
78.4
52.2
60.8
47.8
79.2
55.0
60.8
41.0
84.8
57.6
63.3
41.7
80.6
55.8
59.4
38.5
87.0
57.2
60.1
38.8
80.6
P58.3
57.2
36.3
87.0
P59.0
56.5
37.4
93.6
50.4
38.1
92.8
49.6
39.9
94.2
1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans
and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within
the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment,
104.4
57.2
59.4
43.9
105.0
67.3
55.0
44.6
106.4
where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment. Establishment survey
estimates are currently projected from March 1996 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1996) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning
January 1993) are subject to revision.
52
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1997
1998
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Total
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.P
1
1,859.6 1,864.2 1,864.9 1,869.9 1,869.5 1,869.5 1,870.7 1,871.0 1.871.9 1,876.5 1,875.8
273.2
270.2
268.3
270.2
269.2
268.9
267.7
268.1
269.5
269.0
268.8
1,961.2 1,968.7 1,975.3 1,972.4 1,983.3 1,994.0 2,000.5 2,011.8 2,021.9 2,031.5 2,039.9
1,100.4 1,101.6 1,100.3 1,103.4 1,106.8 1,106.1 1,107.2 1,110.6 1,111.6 1,110.5 1,113.0
13,089.3 13,118.1 13,150.0 13,203.2 13,224.5 13,277.7 13.318.5 13,367.0 13.398.3 13,401.2 13,437.5
1,852.2
266.5
1,946.9
1,093.8
12,959.7
1,859.4
267.0
1,956.8
1,096.1
13,011.6
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
1,949.1
1,603.9
383.3
618.7
6,323.7
1,954.8
1,605.6
384.3
618.6
6,337.4
1,962.7
1,608.8
384.8
615.9
6.371.6
1,971.9
1,609.3
385.1
613.0
6.393.5
1,977.8
1,611.1
386.2
612.9
6,410.8
1,989.2
1,611.9
388.1
619.1
6,439.7
1,985.8
1,616.1
390.1
614.7
6,458.7
1,996.8
1,621.7
391.4
614.8
6,487.4
2,001.8
1.627.2
392.5
612.9
6.508.8
2.003.3
1 634.6
393.6
610.8
6.534.1
2,009.5
1,642.6
395.5
610.4
6.551.6
2,017.8
1,639.6
394.6
613.1
6,566.0
2,020.1
1,642.0
396.5
609.7
6,578.3
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
3,574.5
532.0
503.3
5,729.7
2,846.9
3,585.9
531.6
504.4
5,740.4
2,851.6
3,585.0
531.5
506.2
5,743.2
2,857.1
3,593.2
531.2
508.2
5,762.1
2,859.1
3,593.8
531.6
508.8
5,759.6
2,857.9
3,613.6
531.3
512.6
5,784.6
2,861.8
3,626.1
533.0
511.5
5,783.4
2,862.4
3.649.9
534.6
510.2
5,795.4
2,866.2
3,664.2
533.4
512.9
5.816.0
2,868.9
3,674.8
532.8
513.5
5,823.5
2,873.9
3.690.0
530.5
514.0
5,833.8
2,884.0
3,690.7
528.6
515.1
5,837.8
2,874.6
3,704.4
528.5
514.4
5,834.2
2,880.7
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
1,395.0
1,250.5
1,698.5
1,830.3
547.0
1,396.1
1,255.1
1,702.2
1,835.6
549.1
1,396.6
1,259.0
1,707.7
1,840.2
548.6
1,404.9
1,266.1
1,706.6
1,841.6
550.0
1,406.5
1,268.4
1,711.1
1,843.1
552.6
1,407.8
1,270.8
1,717.1
1,854.0
554.6
1,404.7
1,274.3
1,718.6
1,855.1
555.2
1,406.4
1,275.6
1,722.5
1,858.5
557.1
1,419.1
1,281.9
1,720.3
1,863.9
558.5
1,416.9
1,282.8
1,726.2
1,867.7
560.8
1,419.2
1,287.4
1,732.0
1,869.8
561.4
1,423.0
1,291.5
1,738.5
1,870.5
558.1
1,424.5
1,293.4
1,736.6
1,874.2
561.0
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
2,248.6
3,089.2
4,418.2
2,461.0
1,097.5
2,254.2
3,099.1
4,432.1
2,464.4
1,100.6
2,253.9
3,099.0
4,439.2
2,468.4
1,101.5
2,258.0
3,106.7
4,452.6
2,476.9
1,104.4
2,259.1
3,110.8
4,442.4
2,482.6
1,100.7
2,258.9
3,121.3
4,447.0
2,491.9
1,109.4
2,255.5
3,125.8
4,451.3
2,496.0
1,111.0
2,258.2
3,134.4
4,462.8
2,498.1
1,110.5
2,263.3
3,144.8
4,473.4
2,504.5
1,112.7
2.272.1
3,157.6
4,471.1
2.512.6
1,113.1
2,273.8
3,168.4
4,489.6
2,518.5
1,112.6
2,282.0
3,173.0
4,495.7
2,514.1
1,117.6
2,282.5
3,185.2
4,508.8
2,521.4
1,119.2
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
2,617.6
362.7
844.6
878.2
562.9
2,624.7
362.9
849.5
879.7
563.8
2,626.3
362.9
848.7
880.4
565.9
2,634.2
365.2
850.8
885.4
569.1
2,640.3
363.0
853.3
890.2
568.7
2,637.9
367.5
861.0
891.9
573.8
2,643.2
367.9
859.3
893.8
572.4
2,645.0
368.2
861.8
898.7
570.5
2,649.5
368.6
864.0
901.9
573.4
2,652.0
369.0
866.4
904.2
572.5
2,658.9
370,3
868.6
907.2
570.0
2,664.4
368.7
874.0
907.0
572.7
2,664.4
370.6
877.3
911.8
572.4
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
3,695.9
701.3
7,983.5
3,623.2
312.4
3,701.9
702.4
8,004.3
3,633.0
311.9
3,709.2
703.9
8,007.6
3,642.6
312 1
3,712.7
707.0
8,013.8
3.652.1
312.1
3,719.9
708.5
8,014.4
3,656.1
311.3
3,728.0
709.1
8,030.1
3,681.5
313.6
3,724.1
709.5
8,032.9
3,694.9
313.6
3.746.9
709.1
8,057.7
3,697.4
314.1
3,748.4
712.2
8,075.7
3,704.2
314.4
3,758.2
713.3
8,083.4
3J16.8
315.1
3.766.5
713.9
8,095.6
3.715.4
316.2
3,771.3
712.7
8.082.4
3,719.6
317.4
3,783.8
714.2
8,097.9
3,733.1
318.8
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
5,345.5
1,376.3
1,510.9
5,380.1
446.0
5,358.5
1,380.0
1,514.1
5,384.0
447.5
5.373.6
1,379.2
1,519.6
5,383.4
448.5
5,386.4
1,383.8
1,525.8
5,393.3
449.0
5,388.5
1,381.6
1,525.7
5,385.0
448.1
5,384.3
1.384.9
1,528.6
5,396.8
449.8
5,394.1
1,388.7
1,527.0
5,395.4
449.7
5,405.7
1,397.7
1,532.2
5,421.7
452.3
5,409.0
1,397.3
1.537.8
5,425.9
451.9
5,417.1
1,403.4
1.536.9
5,434.4
451.1
5,421.7
1,405.1
1,551.0
5.446.5
453.4
5,439.2
1,405.7
1,551.8
5,453.9
452.7
5,438.4
1,410.3
1,555.4
5,457.2
454.6
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
1,707.8
351.4
2,561.4
8,474.3
980.6
1,711.3
351.8
2,566.6
8,511.9
985.2
1,710.8
352.0
2,578.6
8,533.3
987.1
1.713.6
355.4
2,579.5
8,568.7
991.8
1,715.5
352.4
2,588.7
8,592.0
992.7
1,724.1
356.5
2,589.3
8,626.0
997.1
1,725.9
355.6
2,587.3
8,655.9
997.4
1.727.8
355.8
2,590.4
8,682.6
1,002.1
1.730.6
356.3
2,595.9
8,703.4
1.003.7
1,735.0
355.7
2,603.0
8,732.1
1,010.6
1,749.1
356.1
2,605.3
8,760.7
1,014.3
1,763.5
354.9
2,618.6
8,755.4
1,015.6
1,766.1
355.2
2,612.2
8,801.2
1,019.2
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
277.3
3,205.2
2,478.7
704.9
2,629.4
222.1
277.1
3,212.7
2,484.1
705.6
2,628.0
222.9
277 7
3,212.1
2,496.6
706.0
2,636.8
222.8
278.4
3,218.1
2,507.0
705.6
2,647.0
224.1
278.4
3,226.3
2,513.9
706.7
2,650.1
223.1
279.7
3,225.6
2,526.0
706.1
2,657.7
226.5
279.2
3,232.5
2,522.8
706.9
2,662.5
226.7
279.4
3,240.2
2,525.5
708.7
2,668.0
223.2
279.5
3,259.8
2,529.9
716.9
2,674.5
223.4
279.7
3,267.2
2,534.5
717.7
2,679.4
223.2
281.4
3,278.7
2.543.6
717.1
2,684.9
223.0
279.3
3,280.0
2,546.0
715.3
2,691.4
222.8
279.7
3,292.7
2,558.9
715.8
2,692.4
222.8
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
See footnotes at end of table.
53
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997
1998
State
Feb.
I
Mar.
J^ Apr.
|
May
| June
|
July
|
Aug.
| Sept. |
Oct.
|
Nov.
|
Dec.
Feb.P
Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
96.1
12.8
128.3
46.6
534.8
115.6
56.9
22.8
9.4
327.8
165.5
96.5
12.5
128.7
46.4
541.9
97.0
12.8
129.7
47.5
543.7
97.6
13.0
130.3
48.2
548.2
97.6
12.9
130.0
47.7
548.2
97.3
12.9
131.9
48.0
557.2
96.9
12.8
131.2
47.9
562.1
97.0
12.5
131.4
47.4
566.1
96.6
12.4
131.8
48.0
570.2
96.5
12.7
131.4
48.0
573.1
96.2
12.8
131.6
48.1
577.9
97.1
12.8
134.5
47.5
583.4
133.1
47.5
584.1
116.6
56.5
22.1
9.4
328.1
117.4
56.3
21.5
9.1
329.0
118.9
56.3
21.2
8.9
329.6
119.3
56.3
21.6
8.9
330.3
119.6
56.3
21.1
9.0
335.4
120.0
56.3
21.3
8.9
335.7
121.2
57.2
21.6
8.8
335.4
121.6
57.7
21.9
8.8
337.6
118.0
58.1
22.2
8.4
339.3
122.1
58.9
22.5
8.8
339.9
127.3
60.1
23.1
8.7
340.5
127.6
60.1
22.8
8.8
340.8
165.9
22.5
31.9
234.3
141.2
166.4
22.3
32.2
234.7
141.2
165.9
22.1
32.2
233.0
140.8
169.0
22.2
32.2
234.8
139.8
170.9
22.0
32.4
237.2
139.7
171.9
22.0
32.7
238.2
139.8
172.2
22.0
32.6
238.2
140.6
173.3
21.9
32.5
239.3
142.3
175.2
21.8
32.3
239.1
142.9
177.2
21.9
32.7
239.8
143.3
177.5
21.9
32.9
240.8
143.8
97.8
13.0
Georgia
Hawaii2
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
23.1
31.5
227.3
140.2
165.6
22.8
31.7
230.3
141.2
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
58.6
57.7
81.3
115.6
23.9
59.2
58.4
81.3
115.9
23.8
58.0
57.8
81.5
116.7
23.5
60.1
59.7
81.1
116.4
23.5
60.5
59.5
80.2
117.5
23.5
61.0
58.9
81.6
118.0
23.9
60.6
59.2
83.3
118.7
24.0
60.3
59.1
82.1
117.8
24.0
60.2
59.3
82.1
117.8
24.2
60.5
59.4
81.6
117.4
24.4
61.0
59.3
82.3
117.1
24.4
60.1
60.7
85.2
117.9
24.4
60.4
60.7
83.6
118.0
24.4
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
139.5
101.0
174.9
92.7
49.0
138.4
101.3
176.2
92.0
49.4
138.3
98.9
180.3
92.4
49.3
138.3
98.4
180.8
93.6
50.1
138.1
98.3
181.0
93.3
50.0
137.6
100.2
181.2
93.4
51.5
137.6
100.7
182.7
93.9
51.6
137.2
99.0
182.5
94.2
51.7
138.5
99.7
183.7
94.5
52.4
139.7
102.5
184.1
95.7
51.6
140.3
104.4
186.1
96.3
51.5
140.6
107.9
184.8
97.6
52.7
140.2
109.0
186.6
99.3
52.7
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
120.0
16.8
37.1
80.4
20.8
120.5
16.6
37.9
80.8
20.9
120.3
16.8
37.7
80.9
20.9
121.3
17.8
37.8
81.8
21.2
120.6
17.4
38.3
81.8
20.9
121.6
18.4
38.9
82.0
21.1
123.5
19.0
38.8
82.5
21.3
124.6
18.5
38.9
82.8
21.5
124.6
18.5
39.2
83.4
21.2
125.2
18.6
39.2
83.7
21.0
124.9
18.9
40.9
84.0
21.4
123.1
18.9
42.8
85.1
21.8
125.5
19.0
42.4
85.2
21.9
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
130.7
42.4
261.7
130.8
42.5
263.1
202.1
14.4
130.2
42.8
262.8
202.0
14.9
130.4
42.8
262.3
201.7
15.0
131.3
42.5
262.1
204.4
15.5
131.5
42.8
264.1
205.5
14.9
131.5
42.6
265.3
206.7
14.7
131.2
42.3
267.9
207.2
14.7
131.8
42.2
267.8
207.9
14.8
131.9
42.2
268.1
208.7
14.9
135.6
42.1
265.6
211.7
15.1
136.9
42.2
268.6
201.9
14.3
131.1
42.7
264.7
202.0
14.2
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
221.4
50.8
80.4
213.7
14.4
221.5
51.5
80.2
214.6
14.6
223.6
50.1
81.3
214.0
14.4
224.1
50.2
82.2
213.0
14.4
222.9
49.9
82.5
212.2
14.3
222.6
50.5
81.9
212.3
14.4
224.6
50.5
82.5
213.0
14.6
224.9
50.8
83.0
213.9
14.9
225.0
50.6
82.7
214.7
14.9
225.4
50.9
83.1
216.4
14.9
225.3
50.8
84.6
217.1
15.1
226.7
51.8
82.3
218.4
15.4
218.4
15.6
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
99.3
14.6
116.3
452.4
62.2
99.3
14.6
116.2
453.2
63.2
99.4
14.2
117.0
453.1
64.0
98.8
15.0
116.2
456.4
65.2
98.6
15.2
115.1
457.9
65.3
99.7
15.5
116.0
459.6
65.5
100.4
15.6
116.6
462.5
65.4
100.7
15.5
116.9
463.2
65.1
101.1
15.6
117.4
462.4
64.7
101.6
15.7
117.8
464.5
65.8
103.3
15.9
118.1
467.0
66.5
104.9
15.9
117.0
468.1
65.7
105.0
16.0
114.4
475.8
66.3
12.8
186.5
133.2
35.4
106.8
14.6
12.9
183.9
135.4
35.3
107.7
14.5
12.9
185.2
136.0
34.6
108.9
15.2
13.0
184.7
136.4
34.6
109.0
15.3
13.2
185.1
136.9
34.3
109.5
15.5
13.3
185.7
137.0
34.5
109.3
15.6
13.1
185.1
136.3
34.6
108.8
15.4
12.9
187.3
136.1
35.4
108.9
14.9
12.8
188.3
136.8
35.6
109.4
15.2
13.3
189.0
136.6
35.5
110.0
14.9
12.7
190.2
137.7
36.2
110.2
14.9
12.6
191.4
137.7
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
12.7
186.8
135.0
35.7
107.4
14.4
See footnotes at end of table.
54
208.9
15.2
228.6
52.0
83.7
35.8
111.8
15.2
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997
1998
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
380.8
15.9
204.3
253.0
1,886.4
383.0
16.3
204.3
252.2
1,892.2
3808
16.0
203.8
253.4
1,901 0
380.9
15.5
204.7
253.8
1,907.8
379.8
15.5
205.2
253.7
1,913.9
381.2
15.4
206.9
253.0
1,925.8
382.2
14.8
208.1
253.4
1,925.8
380.0
14.7
209.3
252.9
1,927.4
378.7
15.0
210.1
253.5
1,935.0
378.7
15.5
211.6
253.3
1,936.5
378.6
13.9
212.9
254.0
1,941.6
380.2
15.5
214.7
255.5
1,943.2
380.0
16.5
214.9
255.4
1.947.4
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
201.0
275.1
56.7
12.8
490.4
201.7
275.0
57.0
12.7
490.2
202,3
276.2
57.4
12.6
491.2
202.7
275.9
57.5
12.7
491.0
202.8
276.2
56.6
12.5
490.2
204.0
278.2
56.6
12.5
492.3
204.6
277.2
57.5
12.6
492.3
205.1
276.6
57.9
12.5
491.9
205.8
276.5
58.3
12.6
491.7
206.6
276.0
58.4
12.6
491.5
207.7
276.3
58.7
12.6
491.9
206.9
277.1
56.7
12.8
491.8
208.6
277.2
57.2
12.7
491.7
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
588.0
16.8
74.0
969.5
677.4
588.4
16.8
74.0
968.8
676.8
589.0
16.7
74.4
969.8
6782
589.4
16.7
74.2
970.6
677.4
588.5
16.7
74.4
968.2
675.9
588.9
16.8
74.1
975.9
676.8
587.8
16.7
74.5
977.7
677.5
587.5
16.4
74.8
978.8
675.2
588.1
16.4
75.2
983.3
678.0
589.3
16.5
75.5
979.5
678.4
590.0
16.5
75.8
980.9
679.6
589.1
16.5
76.4
981.3
678.6
587.8
16.4
77.1
980.5
680.2
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
251.1
202.4
313.2
189.5
87.1
250.7
203.3
315.6
189.6
87.6
251.5
204.3
316.1
190.2
872
253.0
204.5
314.6
191.6
87.6
253.6
205.9
317.4
190.8
87.7
253.9
206.3
318.6
191.3
87.3
255.2
206.9
319.5
191.0
87.9
254.4
207.3
320.2
190.7
87.6
256.3
207.1
315.6
190.0
87.5
256.1
208.4
315.9
190.7
87.8
256.3
208.9
316.7
190.8
88.1
256.5
209.7
318.6
190.8
88.1
257.2
209.9
318.5
190.2
88.3
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
176.9
445.0
969.2
430.6
241.4
177.0
445.7
970.9
431.4
242.2
176.8
446.5
967.3
431.4
241.6
176.7
447.0
967.4
432.4
242.4
176.1
447.7
963.3
433.0
241.3
175.3
448.9
964.1
434.5
242.5
176.0
448.7
967.8
435.1
240.4
173.5
448.2
963.3
434.9
239.3
173.6
450.2
969.8
437.5
240.3
176.6
451.6
970.7
439.3
241.2
176.7
452.9
969.3
440.4
241.1
176.6
455.8
970.9
440.7
241.8
178.2
457.0
972.6
438.7
242.5
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
417.7
24.0
115.1
39.9
105.7
418.3
24.2
115.6
40.0
105.8
417.5
24.1
115.7
40.1
106.2
417.9
24.2
114.7
40.3
106.6
418.9
24.0
115.9
40.4
106.8
416.4
24.1
118.0
40.4
107.4
422.1
24.3
116.0
40.7
107.3
418.6
24.3
116.2
40.9
107.7
420.8
24.4
116.5
40.9
107.7
419.8
24.5
116.8
41.2
107.7
420.2
24.3
117.0
41.4
108.1
426.7
24.4
117.7
41.7
108.8
420.1
24.5
118.3
41.9
108.5
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
481.8
45.8
921.5
836.7
22.7
481.2
45.8
921.6
837.1
22.9
482.4
45.8
921.4
834.4
23.0
481.1
46.1
920.4
834.9
23.0
480.8
45.9
917.7
834.2
23.2
481.9
46.4
921.3
835.6
23.5
482.4
46.9
921.7
831.4
23.8
482.0
46.9
921.6
834.0
23.4
481.6
47.1
922.3
834.2
23.6
483.5
47.3
923.3
834.7
23.7
484.4
47.3
925.1
833.5
23.6
486.0
46.9
923.0
833.1
24.0
484.9
46.7
920.1
833.3
23.9
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
1,088.1
179.0
241.2
934.7
80.0
1,090.1
179.0
242.3
935.0
80.0
1.090.8
176.5
242.8
935.4
79.8
1,092.1
177.5
245.3
937.3
79.9
1,090.5
181.2
244.1
936.5
79.6
1,082.2
181.2
244.3
936.4
79.8
1,090.0
181.1
242.1
935.4
79.3
1,090.1
181.6
243.7
938.7
79.7
1,090.5
182.2
245.6
939.3
79.3
1,090.8
183.2
246.2
938.6
78.8
1,093.8
183.7
246.7
938.6
80.1
1,095.3
184.2
247.0
943.0
79.4
1,096.3
184.3
247.3
942.2
79.7
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
363.2
48.8
516.8
1,069.8
131.8
362.7
49.0
516.3
1,074.0
132.2
362.3
49.4
518.4
1,075.9
132.5
363.3
49.7
516.6
1,079.1
132.8
362.8
49.9
517.1
1,081.9
132.6
362.3
50.2
517.3
1,085.2
133.3
362.2
49.3
517.1
1,086.3
133.4
361.5
49.3
515.3
1,087.8
133.7
361.8
49.7
516.0
1,089.0
133.6
362.1
49.7
517.5
1,091.8
134.0
362.2
49.9
517.7
1,093.9
134.0
362.2
49.0
517.8
1,093.3
135.1
361.3
48.7
518.1
1.093.7
135.2
46.3
402.1
361.5
81.5
603.1
10.5
46.3
402.7
363.3
81.7
603.8
10.6
46.0
403.8
364.8
81.6
605.6
10.7
46.3
403.8
367.1
81.5
608.8
10.8
46.2
403.0
369.6
81.4
609.3
10.8
46.5
403.8
372.0
80.8
610.3
10.8
46.5
404.1
373.2
81.6
612.3
10.8
46.7
403.9
374.2
81.1
612.6
11.0
46.9
405.3
373.8
82.2
614.4
10.9
46.9
405.3
375.1
82.4
615.8
10.9
47.2
405.8
376.0
82.7
617.4
10.9
47.3
406.4
376.5
83.0
620.8
10.9
47.3
406.4
377.5
83.0
619.4
10.8
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
Manufacturing
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
See footnotes at end of table.
55
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997
1998
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
Transportation and public utilities
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
91.0
23.4
94.4
64.7
653.8
91.2
23.6
95.2
64.9
656.1
91.4
23.7
96.0
65.2
659.7
91.3
24.1
96.5
65.4
662.5
91.3
24.0
96.8
65.3
664.4
91.3
24.0
95.4
65.9
665.5
89.6
24.2
92.5
64.7
642.8
91.5
24.3
96.4
66.1
669.1
91.4
24.3
96.0
66.6
672.7
90.7
24.0
97.0
66.9
675.4
91.0
24.4
97.8
67.2
675.1
91.6
24.4
98.2
67.1
675.6
91.5
24.7
96.9
67.4
676.6
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
121.5
74.4
15.6
17.7
120.7
74.5
15.5
17.7
325.0
122.1
75.1
15.5
17.8
326.3
122.1
74.6
15.6
17.8
326.5
122.2
74.7
15.7
17.8
327.1
121.8
74.2
16.0
17.7
328.8
118.7
71.9
15.9
17.7
321.8
121.7
74.8
15.7
17.5
330.3
122.0
75.0
15.8
17.5
330.3
121.8
75.3
15.7
17.5
330.9
121.2
75.7
15.8
17.5
332.2
122.5
75.3
15.5
17.7
335.6
122.6
75.8
15.6
17.3
336.1
229.0
41.5
24.1
336.6
141.2
229.6
41.4
24.1
337.8
141.0
229.9
41.2
24.3
338.8
140.3
231.3
41.7
24.0
336.1
138.8
226.5
41.5
23.9
323.3
136.1
233.6
41.4
24.0
338.9
140.2
234.8
41.4
23.9
340.3
140.4
235.7
41.5
24.1
340.8
140.7
236.4
41.0
24.2
342.0
141.5
236.3
41.1
24.7
342.0
142.3
237.6
41.2
24.4
340.8
324.1
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
226.8
41.5
141.0
227.9
41.6
24.1
337.3
141.3
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
64.9
71.6
97.1
109.3
23.2
64.9
71.9
96.9
109.5
23.1
65.9
72.0
97.5
110.0
23.1
66.0
72.2
97.3
110.0
23.1
65.8
71.9
97.3
110.2
23.4
65.3
71.9
97.1
111.2
23.5
62.9
72.5
90.9
109.7
22.5
65.4
72.8
97.7
111.5
23.5
66.2
73.0
98.5
111.8
23.4
66.5
73.0
98.6
111.8
23.4
66.7
72.9
99.4
112.1
23.5
66.9
72.9
99.5
111.7
23.5
67.0
72.8
99.6
112.5
23.9
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
106.6
131.8
172.8
122.4
52.8
106.8
132.4
172.9
122.6
52.8
107.2
133.2
173.2
123.3
52.8
107.3
133.5
173.3
123.8
52.9
107.2
133.3
173.5
123.8
52.9
106.7
134.9
173.8
123.8
52.9
102.5
131.3
169.6
120.8
51.5
106.6
135.7
174.4
124.8
53.0
105.7
137.0
174.7
125.2
53.4
105.9
136.0
175.1
125.3
53.6
106.3
135.3
175.3
126.0
53.5
105.3
136.8
175.4
125.9
54.1
106.0
137.0
174.6
125.4
53.9
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire ....
164.6
21.1
51.9
44.1
19.4
164.6
21.1
52.6
44.5
19.4
164.9
21.0
53.1
45.0
19.4
165.4
21.1
53.7
45.5
19.5
165.8
21.1
53.8
45.8
19.5
165.3
20.9
53.7
46.0
19.8
162.0
20.4
53.8
44.9
19.7
164.6
21.1
54.8
46.4
19.4
164.0
21.2
54.2
46.6
19.3
163.6
21.4
54.4
46.7
19.4
164.3
21.3
54.6
46.7
19.4
165.9
21.5
54.9
46.7
19.7
165.5
21.5
55.0
47.0
19.4
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
256.4
31.7
256.6
31.6
409.2
170.2
18.1
257.3
31.9
408.9
171.0
18.3
257.1
32.1
409.0
171.0
183
257.5
32.1
409.0
170.9
18.2
258.3
32.0
408.2
170.3
18.1
248.1
31.8
395.2
164.1
18.1
258.5
32.1
410.5
169.8
18.0
259.9
32.7
411.3
170.8
18.0
259.4
32.6
410.6
171.0
18.0
260.4
32.5
410.7
170.9
18.0
260.4
32.5
411.7
171.0
18.3
261.7
32.5
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
233.4
77.9
74.2
233.8
78.0
74.4
279.0
15.4
234.6
78.5
74.9
278.4
15.4
234.8
78.7
74.6
278.6
15.5
234.6
79.0
74.8
279.1
15.5
233.8
79.5
74.1
278.3
15.6
226.0
78.6
71.2
267.1
14.8
234.5
79.9
74.6
279.9
15.5
234.6
80.3
74.5
279.3
15.5
233.8
80.7
74.6
278.4
15.7
233.3
80.9
74.4
278.2
15.9
235.4
80.7
74.5
281.0
15.4
235.7
81.3
74.2
281.4
15.9
74.8
16.4
149.8
504.0
55.7
75.4
16.2
150.5
509.3
56.0
75.2
16.4
150.7
512.0
56.0
74.8
16.4
150.7
514.6
55.7
75.9
16.4
150.7
517.2
56.5
73.8
15.7
146.4
510.0
54.4
76.0
16.2
150.6
519.9
56.8
76.2
16.1
150.6
522.4
56.9
76.5
15.9
150.4
524.7
57.3
76.9
15.8
150.1
526.0
57.7
75.8
16.1
153.1
527.8
57.4
76.0
16.1
152.9
530.7
57.5
12.3
165.4
133.0
38.9
123.4
14.0
12.2
166.6
133.6
38.9
124.3
13.9
12.1
167.2
134.2
38.9
124.4
139
12.2
167.7
134.2
38.8
124.2
13.9
12.3
168.2
133.9
38.8
123.4
13.9
11.9
164.8
131.0
38.1
119.1
13.8
12.2
168.8
133.6
39.0
123.1
13.9
12.3
170.4
133.7
39.0
123.1
13.9
12.3
170.7
133.9
39.2
123.0
14.0
12.3
171.3
133.9
38.8
122.5
13.9
12.4
170.9
135.6
39.2
124.0
13.7
12.5
171.8
136.4
38.7
124.1
13.7
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
23.9
337.0
408.8
170.0
18.3
278.5
15.4
74.7
16.4
149.7
502.8
55.4
12.2
165.5
132.3
38.7
123.6
13.9
See footnotes at end of table.
56
142.3
410.7
171.1
18.1
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1998
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
I Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.P
Trade
427.2
429.4
425.7
428.0
427.5
430.3
428.8
430.4
429.2
428.0
428.1
55.7
55.4
55.4
55.7
56.1
55.9
54.9
55.0
56.5
56.4
56.3
478.3
491.3
477.5
479.8
496.7
480.9
487.8
483.3
478.4
480.8
497.6
251.6
252.7
252.4
251.5
250.9
253.7
251.6
252.2
251.5
251.9
251.3
3,044.6 3,050.9 3.058.5 3.066.6 3,070.3 3.073.8 3,081.6 3,100.1 3,106.6 3,091.3 3,107.2
Alabama ..
Alaska
Arizona ....
Arkansas..
California .
424.9
55.0
476.0
250.3
3,014.1
251.6
3,023.9
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia .
Florida
476.8
350.3
85.5
49.5
1,633.1
478.1
351.7
85.8
49.5
1,634.7
1,637.9 1,642.7
1.648.4
484.4
353.9
85.3
48.4
1,656.8
Georgia .
Hawaii...
Idaho
Illinois ....
Indiana..
903.5
134.9
128.2
1,320.3
681.3
908.3
134.9
128.2
1,321.9
682.0
906.4
904.6
907.0
912.0
134.8
135.2
135.2
134.2
128.8
128.6
129.0
128.9
1,320.7 1,323.6 1,322.4 1,323.8
681.4
683.7
681.5
681.5
919.2
134.3
128.1
1,323.8
684.7
923.2
134.7
128.4
1,323.4
682.7
344.1
305.5
407.9
426.9
136.9
344.2
306.2
407.7
429.4
137.8
345.3
310.8
409.0
430.1
140.2
344.4
311.8
411.8
430.6
140.6
344.5
311.3
409.7
429.6
141.2
536.5
705.8
1,037.4
594.9
235.9
537.9
709.3
1,040.8
595.8
236.7
534.9
534.7
534.4
533.4
705.5
705.6
709.9
705.0
1.040.0 1,044.1 1,044.0 1,049.1
597.5
599.3
602.6
595.8
236.5
236.3
237.7
' 236.6
534.1
713.4
1,047.2
603.6
238.5
533.6
715.6
1,048.6
603.6
238.5
621.0
98.6
208.3
176.5
146.5
622.3
98.6
208.8
177.1
146.8
622.0
98.2
208.6
177.1
146.6
623.3
99.9
210.8
180.4
149.1
624.2
99.7
211.4
181.1
149.3
869.3
870.3
167.2
1,636.6
836.5
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky ....
Louisiana ...
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts.
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire .
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina ...
North Dakota
866.1
167.2
1,634.1
831.7
80.9
426.8
55.0
478.2
167.2
1,637.5
835.2
80.4
479.1
351.2
85.3
48.0
342.6
306.9
408.4
428.3
138.3
80.3
480.5
352.2
85.2
47.6
345.6
308.5
408.7
427.5
138.7
622.3
98.7
210.0
177.9
147.7
870.3
167.4
1,636.4
839.0
79 5
481.4
352.7
85.0
47.5
1.645.1
344.9
309.2
409.7
426.2
139.6
623.4
99.0
209.7
178.2
148.2
483.8
352.7
85.1
48.5
623.4
100.0
210.9
179.8
149.5
483.0
355.0
85.4
48.4
1.663.4
486.5
489.5
492.0
362.3
360.2
360.2
86.7
86.1
87.8
48.8
48.6
48.2
1,680.9 1,678.4 1,683.2
484.3
356.6
85.7
48.6
1,670.0
486.6
359.6
85.9
48.6
1,675.7
926.0
134.9
128.7
1,330.1
682.7
929.1
134.7
129.4
1,331.7
682.9
348.7
313.3
410.2
433.1
141.7
348.5
313.6
414.4
434.7
142.8
347.7
314.4
416.1
436.2
142.4
347.8
314.7
416.2
434.7
140.4
346.7
316.1
417.1
436.5
139.9
539.1
536.2
722.0
717.4
1,049.7 1,047.9
607.0
605.0
238.0
238.2
539.1
723.6
1,050.9
608.6
237.8
543.2
727.4
1,050.2
605.1
238.7
541.1
728.7
1,055.8
605.8
238.4
626.4
99.4
211.7
183.1
150.2
625.4
98.8
214.5
183.1
149.8
626.9
99.3
214.3
183.9
149.3
625.0
99.2
211.5
181.6
150.9
625.4
99.3
212.0
182.4
150.1
877.8
168.8
1.651.6
845.1
81.5
871.6
871.5
876.1
167.4
873.5
167.3
875.6
168.0
1.638.7
840.1
80.5
1.642.5
842.5
80.5
1,645.8
840.6
80.9
166.9
1,646.6
841.2
80.7
1.646.6
839.8
81.4
1.310.3 1.308.0
323.4
323.8
378.7
377.4
1,213.5 1,214.4
98.4
97.8
1,311.2
324.2
378.8
1,313.3
323.6
378.0
168.1
932.4
134.4
129.7
1,336.8
681.9
935.1
931.9
133.7
133.8
129.9
129.6
1,339.7 1,335.6
682.9
676.9
880.1
886.7
879.5
168.7
169.1
169.2
1,655.5 1.654.3 1,650.2
840.5
848.7
841.8
82.0
81.7
81.3
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania ...
Rhode Island ...
1,302.5
323.0
374.0
1,215.7
98.3
1,305.5
324.3
374.8
1.215.4
98.5
1,306.6 1,308.5
323.7
323.9
375.1
376.8
1,212.0 1,214.2
98.0
98.1
South Carolina .
South Dakota ...
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
406.6
87.4
604.5
2,022.8
235.7
408.3
87.8
606.0
2,033.4
237.0
413.2
413.3
411.3
408.5
409.5
414.2
427.6
426.5
415.8
430.0
430.8
87.7
89.0
88.9
88.5
88.0
88.5
87.2
88.1
88.3
88.2
87.3
609.7
607.4
607.1
608.5
607.0
607.8
618.4
614.8
610.7
618.1
617.9
2,032.4 2,038.9 2,043.7 2.053.3 2,057.8 2,058.9 2,063.2 2,071.0 2,081.5 2,084.5 2,085.7
238.2
236.9
238.0
238.7
239.8
239.3
2427
241.2
240.2
242.7
244.3
65.1
721.9
601.1
162.2
601.7
52.6
65.2
724.7
602.9
161.9
601.9
Vermont
Virginia
Washington ...
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
52.8
65.1
721.1
603.9
161.2
601.8
52.7
65.2
721.5
607.1
161 4
602.8
52.6
65.1
721.7
608.1
161.6
602.7
52.5
See footnotes at end of table.
57
65.4
721.3
611.0
161.2
605.2
52.3
1,216.2
98.4
65.0
723.3
609.0
160.9
608.9
52.1
1,314.6 1,318.5
326.6
324.4
381.9
380.9
1,220.6 1,222.6 1,223.9
98.7
98.7
98.8
65.0
724.3
608.2
161.0
607.4
51.9
65.0
730.0
610.1
164.1
607.8
52.5
65.1
732.3
611.9
164.3
608.5
52.3
1,317.1 1,317.3
326.4
326.9
385.9
383.0
1.228.0 1,216.7 1,222.9
98.5
99.4
98.6
1,321.3
327.3
384.8
65.3
734.4
612.8
164.5
609.5
52.3
64.8
730.9
615.4
163.4
608.6
52.5
65.0
735.0
618.1
164.6
611.3
52.0
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1937
1998
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
Finance, insurance, and real estate
83.4
11.8
122.8
43.7
742.7
83.7
12.0
124.0
44.0
745.6
83.9
12.1
125.1
44.1
750.7
84.2
12.2
125.9
44.1
754.5
84 2
12.3
126.5
43.9
756.7
84.7
12.3
127.3
44.1
759.3
84,7
12.4
1276
44.2
760.0
84.7
12.3
128.0
44.2
761.2
84.9
12.2
129.2
44.3
763.5
84.9
12.2
130.0
44.4
764.7
85.1
12.2
130.3
44.5
765.1
85.1
12.1
130.5
44.3
765.8
85 4
12.1
131 7
44.5
769 1
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
124.1
129.8
45.2
28.0
402.2
124.9
130.0
45.8
28.3
403.5
125.6
130.9
46.3
28.5
406.8
126.4
131.5
46.5
28.5
408.0
127.1
130.4
47.0
28.4
408.3
128.3
130.9
47.3
28.5
410.1
128.7
131.1
47.6
28.5
411.4
128.7
131.4
48.3
28.5
413.1
129.0
131.8
48.5
28.4
416.8
129.5
132.8
48.2
28.3
419.3
130.0
133.6
48.6
28.4
419.2
130.0
133.7
48.4
28.9
418.8
130.5
133.9
48 6
28.4
419.7
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
183.7
36.5
25.1
393.6
136.8
184.4
36.4
25.1
394.6
137.1
185.4
36.3
25.1
395.1
137.9
186.0
36.3
25.1
396.5
137.8
186.1
36.2
25.1
397.2
137.7
187.0
36.1
25.7
399.1
139.0
188.5
36.1
25.7
400.9
139.3
189.2
36 0
25.8
401.0
139.6
190.6
35.9
25.7
402.9
139.9
190.8
35.8
25.6
404.3
140.1
191.7
35.7
25.6
405.2
140.4
191.8
35.6
25.7
406.3
140 2
192.2
35 3
25.9
406 6
140 4
78.4
60.7
68.1
84.6
27.9
78.6
60.8
68.6
84.9
28.0
78.7
61.1
68.8
85.3
28.0
79.0
61.1
68.8
85.4
28.1
79.5
60.5
69.9
85.9
28.7
79.6
60.7
70.2
86.0
28.7
79.8
60.7
70.1
86.0
28.6
80.5
60.7
70.2
86.1
28.8
80.7
60.8
70.4
86.5
29.0
80.9
60 9
70.6
86.8
29.2
81.3
60.8
70.5
86.5
29.4
81.0
61 0
70.9
86.6
29 7
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
130.3
212.4
206.2
145.2
41.4
130.4
212.3
206.9
145.3
41.5
130.4
211.7
206.7
145.9
41.6
130.4
212.3
206.2
145.5
41.7
130.7
212.5
206.2
145.7
41.7
130.4
212.3
205.5
146.2
41.4
130.7
213.2
204.9
146.4
40.6
130.8
213.9
205.7
146.7
40.8
130.7
214.6
206.2
147.9
41.1
130.9
215.2
206.6
148.5
41.1
131.3
215.7
207.1
149.1
41.1
131.5
215.9
207.9
149.2
41.2
131.7
216.0
208.7
149.9
41.4
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
153.2
16.3
54.0
39.2
29.0
153.4
16.3
54.4
39.5
29.2
153.9
16.3
53.9
39.4
29.2
153.8
16.3
54.1
39.9
29.3
154.0
16.4
54.2
40.1
29.4
154.4
16.4
54.7
40.4
29.6
153.7
16.5
54.8
40.4
29.6
154.1
16.6
55.0
40.5
29.4
154.7
16.6
55.3
40.9
29.5
154.8
16.6
55.4
41.1
29.4
155.5
16.6
55.9
41.2
29.2
155.8
16.7
55.8
41.4
29.3
156.1
168
56.6
41.5
29.2
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
236.5
31.4
716.4
163.2
14.5
237.1
31.6
719.4
164.2
14.6
237.4
31.3
719.7
165.2
14.6
238.3
31.3
719.8
166.1
14.6
238.6
31.4
721 1
166.4
14.7
237.9
31.4
720.3
167.6
14.9
238.2
31.4
720.7
168.0
149
238.8
31.2
721.3
168.3
14.9
239.9
31.2
721.3
168.5
15.0
240.9
31.3
721.5
168.9
15.0
242.2
31.4
722 1
169.3
15.2
243.3
31.5
721.3
170.6
15.3
244.1
31 6
724 0
172.6
153
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
283 7
68.8
94.4
311.8
26.3
284.1
69.0
94.6
312.1
26.3
286.5
69.0
94.8
312.1
26.4
287 0
69.1
94.9
312.4
26.5
286 6
69.2
94.9
312.8
26.5
286.7
69.3
95.4
312.4
26.7
287.5
69.3
95.5
312.5
26.6
287.9
69.5
95.2
313.3
26.6
288.4
69.9
95.7
314.4
26.6
288.7
70.2
96.1
315.3
26.7
288 9
70.2
96.0
317.6
26.6
290 0
70.3
96.4
317.5
26.9
289 2
70.5
96.9
318.9
26.9
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
73.8
20.5
118.3
457.2
51.9
74.0
20.6
119.0
458.9
52.1
74.5
20.7
119.5
460.1
52.4
74.6
20.8
120.2
462.3
52.5
74.6
20.9
120.7
463.4
52.6
75.1
21.1
120.7
465.2
52.8
75.2
21.1
120.8
466.7
52.9
75.2
21.2
121.6
467.9
53.2
75.3
21.4
122.0
469.0
53.6
75.3
21.6
121.7
469.7
54.0
75.8
21 7
121.7
471.2
53.9
76.0
21.7
123.4
473.5
53.7
76.6
21 5
123.3
475.3
541
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
12.1
167.0
125.8
28.0
139.5
8.0
12.0
167.2
126.0
28.0
139.3
8.1
12.2
167.3
127.4
28.2
139.7
8.1
12.2
167.6
127.6
28.2
139.8
8.1
12.3
168.0
127.0
28.1
140.3
8.1
12.4
168.1
129.2
28.3
140.5
8.2
12.4
168.1
129.6
28.3
140.4
8.2
12.4
167.6
129.8
28.3
140.5
8.2
12.3
168.6
130.3
28.5
141.1
8.2
12.3
169.1
130.4
28.5
141.8
8.2
12.2
169.5
131.0
28.6
141.9
8.2
12.2
170.6
131.5
28.4
141.8
8.2
12 1
171.0
131.8
28.2
142.3
8.3
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
. .
...
.
79.2
61 1
68.5
85.5
28.3
See footnotes at end of table.
58
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted - - Continued
(In thousands)
1998
1997
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
420.7
64.5
586.5
249.6
3,966.6
422.4
64.7
588.9
250.8
3,984.5
424.9
64.7
590.6
252.0
4,020.3
426.7
65.5
592.8
252.1
4,022.8
429.1
65.3
595.7
252.4
4,036.7
432.0
65.6
600.1
253.4
4.072.4
432.0
65.8
603.3
255.6
4,089.0
432.0
66.0
607.2
255.8
4,098.9
433.2
66.1
608.8
256.3
4,110.9
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
583.7
490.6
104.3
265.8
2,202.0
586.2
491.6
104.9
266.5
2,212.6
589.4
493.6
105.8
265.7
2,234.7
593.7
493.6
105.9
263.7
2,247.4
596.5
495.7
107.0
265.0
2,260.5
602.2
495.4
108.5
267.7
2,279.2
600.3
500.8
108.7
265.6
2,291.8
606.7
500.7
108.5
267.6
2,302.2
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
926.0
168.6
118.6
1,665.2
672.7
929.8
168.9
119.4
1,671.8
675.8
928.3
169.0
120.2
1,674.2
678.9
930.9
168.6
121.4
1,680.9
680.0
932.8
169.2
121.9
1,684.0
680.1
938.8
169.7
124.9
1,695.2
683.5
945.1
169.7
123.7
1,699.9
686.3
362.0
308.5
417.3
490.7
155.3
362.9
310.1
418.7
492.0
155.8
363.9
312.6
421.0
494.8
155.3
365.0
315.2
422.2
494.7
156.3
366.1
316.8
423.7
495.5
157.1
366.3
318.4
426.2
501.3
158.0
741.5
1,090.9
689.3
253.5
744.9
1,095.3
1,208.3
691.1
254.8
748.4
1,099.1
1,213.3
693.9
255.8
752.1
1,104.4
1,215.7
698.3
256.9
753.2
1,107.2
1,216.7
700.4
255.3
728.0
102.8
225.6
378.7
162.6
731.4
103.4
227.3
378.3
162.9
731.2
104.2
226.7
377.8
164.3
734.4
104.8
227.7
379.6
165.4
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
1,152.1
192.0
2,661.6
845.2
86.6
1,156.0
192.7
2,671.6
849.5
86.6
1,160.3
193.1
2,679.7
855.5
86.6
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
1,446.8
371.0
395.1
1,453.9
372.2
396.2
1,691.9
149.8
May
June I
July
|
Aug.
| Sept.
|
Oct.
|
Nov.
|
Dec.
Jan.
[ Feb.P
433.9
66.1
612.5
257.3
4,124.2
434.3
66.0
616.3
257.7
4,142.0
435.1
66.5
617.3
257.2
4,154.9
259.1
4,163.5
608.7
503.5
108.8
267.0
2,311.0
610.4
506.4
109.5
266.0
2,321.5
610.8
508.7
109.9
265.6
2,330.5
609.5
506.6
110.2
266.3
2,337.5
607.1
507.0
110.7
266.0
2,347.3
955.2
169.7
121.7
1.695.1
689.0
963.1
170.1
124.0
1,701.8
691.2
967.4
170.3
123.9
1,709.9
696.7
973.2
169.5
123.9
1,714.0
700.7
972.3
168.4
121.8
1,713.4
691.3
981.8
169.2
120.9
1,715.7
692.0
365.4
319.8
429.0
500.2
158.5
364.9
321.4
429.7
502.5
159.2
368.3
323.2
430.7
503.8
159.7
369.1
324.1
431.7
504.6
160.5
369.9
325.0
433.3
506.0
160.7
371.6
324.9
432.0
507.4
160.6
372.9
325.9
433.0
507.1
161.7
754.1
1,106.6
1.220.1
703.2
258.7
755.6
1,109.6
1,226.9
705.4
259.9
756.8
1,113.4
1,228.2
706.1
261.0
760.4
1,117.6
1,234.5
706.8
261.1
762.7
1,121.6
1,235.2
708.9
261.5
764.0
1,126.1
1,243.2
710.5
261.3
763.1
1,119.3
1,244.1
708.1
262.7
764.1
1,126.4
1,245.7
736.9
105.3
228.2
380.1
164.9
737.5
105.5
230.0
381.8
166.4
738.2
105.6
230.6
383.2
166.1
738.6
105.5
232.0
385.1
164.9
740.3
105.9
232.8
386.1
166.1
744.3
106.0
233.4
386.7
166.0
746.5
106.6
233.3
387.2
165.7
746.2
106.1
234.3
386.5
165.2
746.9
107.4
235.9
388.9
165.4
1,164.7
194.3
2,685.5
861.3
86.5
1.169.7
194.6
2,689.7
864.5
87.0
1.176.4
194.9
2,698.1
878.2
87.5
1,180.2
195.2
2,705.8
882.1
87.1
1,182.7
196.0
2,713.2
886.5
87.1
1,187.1
197.2
2,722.0
891.3
87.2
1,192.9
197.4
2,729.4
896.2
87.5
1,195.1
197.2
2,736.5
899.5
87.8
1,194.6
196.8
2,734.3
899.8
88.4
1.197.0
197.8
2,750.1
901.4
89.1
1,461.6
375.3
398.8
1,695.7
150.8
1,468.3
377.5
401.0
1,700.7
151.2
1,469.6
377.4
399.7
1,706.6
150.4
1,473.2
378.7
403.7
1,710.8
151.2
1,477.1
380.7
403.8
1,717.2
151.7
1,478.5
382.0
404.2
1,719.8
152.3
1,481.9
381.7
404.5
1,721.6
152.5
1,485.0
382.6
404.2
1,728.8
152.3
1,484.7
383.0
408.7
1,732.9
152.1
1,497.6
382.9
412.0
1,739.0
151.9
1,495.5
384.6
410.2
1:737.1
151.7
390.0
91.6
679.3
2,361.2
266.1
391.3
92.3
683.3
2,375.9
267.4
392.3
92.1
685.5
2,390.1
268.3
396.3
92.7
687.7
2,401.8
270.0
399.1
92.7
689.3
2,419.1
271.7
398.5
92.8
688.2
2,425.1
272.5
398.6
92.7
690.6
2,436.5
273.6
400.2
92.2
692.6
2,447.2
275.6
401.4
92.5
691.1
2,457.1
276.4
409.3
92.9
699.0
2,448.9
277 7
410.9
93.8
2,332.8
264.8
391.4
91.3
674.5
2,347.9
265.8
82.6
953.4
666.3
195.4
665.7
48.7
82.6
958.5
668.8
196.1
665.4
48.8
83.1
961.6
671.5
197.0
670.7
48.8
83.5
965.9
675.6
197.3
673.0
49.1
83.5
973.8
675.9
198.4
675.6
48.5
83.8
976.8
677.5
199.3
683.0
49.0
84.1
981.3
680.2
199.8
684.8
48.8
84.0
984.9
680.8
200.6
687.5
48.6
84.0
989.3
683.3
202.8
688.8
48.9
84.3
991.9
686.6
202.9
690.7
48.9
84.7
999.2
689.4
202.5
692.3
49.0
83.9
1,004.5
689.5
202.5
693.5
48.8
Services
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
1,201.3
1,689.1
149.1
389.8
91.2
671.1
See footnotes at end of table.
59
435.0
67.0
621.9
713.4
263.5
2,475.7
277.7
84.3
1,009.7
695.4
202.9
691.6
48.7
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997
1998
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
Government
344.9
73.6
320.6
182.4
2,131.8
345.5
73.4
323.5
182.7
2,137.9
345.5
73.3
325.1
183.1
2,139.9
345.8
73.1
326.8
182.8
2,142.1
345.3
72.9
327.3
182.9
2,142.4
345.3
73.5
318.2
184.0
2,127.0
346.0
73.0
325.7
185.6
2,145.2
346.2
72.8
326.6
183.7
2,151.8
347.0
72.9
327.0
182.8
2,155.2
347.1
73.3
327.3
183.5
2,163.6
347.3
73.5
327.5
183.9
2,160.5
347.2
73.1
325.4
183.7
2,157.5
184.2
2,160.2
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
312.6
226.1
53.1
235.4
937.5
312.7
225.6
53.1
234.4
936.7
313.0
224.8
52.9
234.1
939.2
313.8
224.5
53.1
233.7
941.7
314.5
224.4
53.2
232.7
942.8
315.6
223.5
53.4
235.1
938.8
315.3
224.2
53.7
232.9
942.2
316.4
225.2
53.9
231.4
944.4
316.2
225.3
53.4
229.9
944.8
316.2
225.6
53.6
229.3
949.3
317.0
226.3
53.8
228.6
950.5
318.2
225.8
53.9
230.0
956.9
317.5
227.0
53.7
228.2
952.9
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
573.3
110.6
98.8
804.8
390.9
573.7
110.2
98.7
803.8
390.8
574.7
110.3
98.7
800.5
391.5
575.9
110.7
99.0
806.5
393.4
576.2
111.4
98.9
804.6
395.0
578.4
110.6
99.7
808.1
393.4
580.0
112.7
100.1
808.8
392.1
581.1
114.4
99.7
808.3
393.0
581.3
112.7
99.7
807.5
389.4
581.1
112.1
99.6
806.2
386.1
582.9
111.6
99.4
804.1
390.4
584.0
111.3
101.1
803.8
395.2
584.2
110.8
100.2
802.9
392.4
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
233.9
235.9
290.5
362.1
92.6
233.5
236.2
290.4
362.3
92.9
233.9
236.0
291.3
362.1
93.1
234.1
236.7
290.8
362.7
92.6
234.3
235.7
291.3
364.1
92.9
234.5
235.8
291.5
361.9
92.9
234.5
235.2
291.1
364.5
92.9
235.0
234.7
290.3
365.3
92.9
236.8
237.0
290.2
365.9
93.1
233.4
235.2
291.0
366.5
92.8
234.6
237.8
291.1
365.2
93.0
236.8
239.4
294.1
365.4
91.6
237.3
238.5
291.2
367.2
93.0
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
416.0
401.0
648.6
378.0
217.8
417.5
401.6
648.4
378.2
217.5
416.8
403.3
650.6
377.7
218.0
417.0
404.4
657.3
377.8
217.7
418.1
404.9
649.9
379.1
217.1
420.1
407.2
646.1
380.3
218.8
417.7
407.5
644.6
382.9
222.3
418.4
407.3
652.6
379.9
220.3
416.9
406.9
647.3
379.8
220.3
416.0
407.3
643.9
380.1
220.3
414.8
409.0
650.0
379.9
220.3
420.4
408.5
654.7
379.7
220.2
419.9
409.8
657.2
381.1
220.6
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire ....
408.4
77.7
409.4
77.5
151.7
104.6
78.4
411.7
76.9
151.8
105.3
78.9
414.3
76.7
151.6
105.8
78.9
415.9
74.4
152.0
109.2
78.5
414.6
76.5
153.6
106.9
79.5
415.7
76.7
153.3
107.2
78.8
415.6
77.0
152.3
107.4
77.8
415.4
77.3
153.3
108.0
78.2
414.1
77.3
153.9
108.0
78.4
416.4
77.9
154.0
109.2
75.6
416.4
77.0
152.8
108.4
77.8
418.5
76.8
153.4
109.5
78.3
568.8
176.4
1.373.7
573.9
70.8
569.1
177.3
1,375.5
573 8
71.1
569.4
178.1
1,371.5
574.4
68.5
568.8
178.8
f ,373.2
578.9
69.4
568.3
178.4
1,375.1
599.2
69.7
575.9
177.8
1,374.7
586.9
71.1
570.7
178.0
1,379.8
588.4
70.3
570.0
178.2
1,374.7
589.0
70.4
570.5
178.6
1,373.3
589.0
70.5
570.0
178.7
1,368.3
587.5
70.9
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
151.4
104.5
78.5
345.8
73.4
329.9
71.0
568.6
175.1
1,375.7
570.9
71.0
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
756.0
273.8
249.8
716.2
62.4
756.1
274.0
249.8
715.6
62.7
756.6
274.4
250.1
715.6
63.4
758.1
275.1
249.2
716.9
63.3
760.5
269.3
250.5
704.1
63.8
764.3
270.7
248.7
711.6
63.5
764.2
272.6
251.2
713.5
64.1
763.0
278.7
251.7
715.2
64.4
760.5
276.8
252.1
713.7
64.1
761.4
277.6
248.9
712.7
63.8
760.9
277.3
253.9
713.8
64.8
763.4
277.6
254.7
717.8
65.1
762.5
278.9
255.3
716.0
65.3
South Carolina
South Dakota
298.6
70.2
380.2
298.8
70.0
379.7
1,477.8
170.8
299.0
70.0
380.5
1,479.6
171.4
299.2
67.2
388.0
1,475.4
171.7
299.7
69.9
385.4
1,477.0
171.8
300.0
70.1
384.8
1,486.5
172.0
299.8
70.5
384.7
1,492.6
172.7
299.9
70.4
384.0
1,493.9
172.7
290.9
70.1
383.9
1,495.8
174.3
300.0
70.1
383.6
1,496.7
174.8
303.4
69.9
385.6
1,490.8
175.0
303.6
69.7
1,474.4
170.5
298.9
69.8
380.3
1,478.0
170.9
384.5
1,494.5
175.7
45.7
597.2
453.2
138.9
385.8
57.5
45.3
596.5
453.5
138.9
384.8
57.4
45.6
596.7
456.5
139.1
384.5
57.4
45.6
595.6
455.9
139.0
386.7
57.7
45.5
596.0
459.2
138.9
386.5
57.2
45.6
591.0
462.0
138.9
383.2
59.9
45.4
594.0
459.3
139.2
385.2
60.3
45.4
594.4
459.1
139.6
385.6
57.3
45.5
597.8
459.0
140.5
387.9
57.0
45.4
598.6
456.3
140.9
387.7
56.9
45.7
598.5
460.3
140.8
388.7
57.1
45.4
595.7
456.3
139.3
390.0
56.9
45.3
596.5
458.6
139.5
389.4
57.0
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
570.3
175.1
1,374.8
570.5
1
71.3
NOTE: All data have been adjusted to March 1997 benchmarks and incorporate
updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Includes mining, not shown separately.
Mining is combined with construction.
P = preliminary.
2
570.6
178.7
1,369.9
593.0
60
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1997
1998
Industry
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
Mar.P
34.8
34.5
34.5
34.6
34.4
34.6
34.5
34.5
34.8
34.6
34.8
34.9
34.7
41.4
41.4
41.4
41.1
41.2
41.1
41.2
41.3
41.2
41.4
41.6
41.4
40.9
Mining
45.9
45.3
46.0
45.4
45.4
45.5
45.1
45.2
45.6
45.0
45.5
44.1
43.4
Construction
38.9
38.9
39.4
38.7
39.0
38.6
38.9
38.8
38.1
38.8
39.8
39.3
38.4
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
42.1
4.9
42.1
4.9
42.0
4.8
41.8
4.6
41.8
4.7
41.8
4.7
41.9
4.7
42.0
4.8
42.1
4.9
42.2
4.9
42.1
4.9
42.0
4.8
41.7
4.7
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
42.9
5.2
41.0
40.3
43.1
44.8
44.8
42.6
43.5
42.1
45.0
45.7
42.0
40.2
43.0
5.3
41.2
40.1
43.0
45.1
45.2
42.9
43.9
42.3
44.8
45.3
41.9
40.5
42.8
5.2
41.0
40.4
43.4
44.8
44.7
42.6
43.6
42.0
44.5
45.2
41.9
40.3
42.6
5.0
41.0
39.9
42.9
44.7
44.5
42.4
43.3
42.0
44.2
44.8
41.8
40.1
42.6
5.0
41.1
40.0
43.1
44.4
44.3
42.4
43.4
42.0
43.7
44.0
41.7
40.4
42.7
5.0
40.8
40.0
43.0
45.0
45.2
42.3
43.4
41.7
44.3
44.7
42.3
40.2
42.6
5.0
40.9
40.2
43.1
44.9
45.1
42.4
43.4
41.7
43.9
44.1
42.0
40.3
42.8
5.1
41.1
40.0
43.1
45.1
45.3
42.6
43.4
41.8
44.4
45.0
41.9
40.2
42.9
5.2
41.2
40.5
42.9
45.3
45.3
42.6
43.8
42.0
44.0
44.3
42.2
40.5
43.0
5.2
41.0
40.7
43.9
45.3
45.5
42.9
43.6
42.0
44.7
45.0
41.8
40.7
42.8
5.2
41.3
41.2
43.9
45.4
46.2
42.7
43.5
41.9
43.8
43.8
41.7
40.2
42.7
5.1
41.2
41.3
43.8
44.7
45.3
42.6
43.3
41.8
43.7
43.7
42.0
40.7
42.4
5.0
41.1
40.5
43.3
44.4
45.3
42.4
43.2
41.2
43.5
43.7
41.6
40.4
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
40.9
4.4
41.3
40.2
41.2
37.5
43.8
38.6
43.3
(2)
41.8
38.7
40.9
4.4
41.1
39.0
41.7
37.5
43.9
38.5
43.1
(2)
42.0
38.5
40.8
4.3
41.4
38.4
41.4
37.1
43.8
38.3
43.3
(2)
41.6
38.2
40.6
4.1
40.9
37.6
41.2
37.4
43.4
38.3
43.1
(2)
41.5
38.1
40.6
4.3
41.1
36.1
41.3
36.9
43.5
38.4
43.0
(2)
41.7
38.4
40.7
4.2
41.0
37.5
41.2
37.1
43.4
38.3
43.3
(2)
41.7
38.0
40.9
4.3
41.2
38.1
41.4
37.3
43.7
38.7
43.4
(2)
41.6
38.4
40.8
4.4
41.2
38.7
41.3
37.2
43.7
38.7
43.2
(2)
41.8
38.6
41.1
4.5
41.6
39.3
41.5
37.1
44.1
38.8
43.4
(2)
42.2
38.0
41.1
4.5
41.7
39.1
41.7
37.5
43.8
38.6
43.1
(2)
42.1
38.3
41.2
4.4
41.9
38.4
41.8
37.6
43.6
38.5
43.5
(2)
42.0
38.3
40.9
4.3
41.4
38.7
41.7
37.4
43.3
38.5
43.5
(2)
41.8
38.8
40.8
4.4
41.3
37.4
41.2
37.1
43.4
38.4
43.4
(2)
41.5
37.6
33.0
32.7
32.7
32.9
32.7
32.9
32.8
32.8
33.1
32.8
32.9
33.2
33.0
Transportation and public utilities
39.8
39.3
39.5
39.6
39.0
40.1
39.9
39.8
40.2
39.7
39.8
40.0
39.5
Wholesale trade
38.6
38.4
38.4
38.5
38.3
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.7
38.2
38.4
38.6
38.6
Retail trade
29.1
28.9
28.9
28.9
28.8
29.1
28.8
28.9
28.9
28.9
29.0
29.2
29.0
Finance, insurance, and real estate
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Services
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Total private
Goods-producing
Service-producing
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.
61
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)
1997
1998
Industry
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
Mar.P
140.2
139.6
140.0
140.6
140.2
140.8
140.9
141.2
142.9
142.5
143.6
144.5
143.5
113.3
113.3
113.7
112.7
112.9
113.0
113.3
113.6
113.9
115.0
116.4
115.9
114.0
56.6
55.8
57.3
56.3
56.3
56.3
56.1
56.1
56.2
56.0
56.7
54.8
53.6
Construction
154.0
153.2
156.2
152.8
154.1
152.9
154.2
153.5
152.2
156.7
164.3
163.5
156.1
Manufacturing
108.3
108.5
108.3
107.8
107.8
108.1
108.3
108.7
109.4
109.9
110.0
109.6
108.9
111.3
111.7
111.0
142.2
111.8
142.1
112.5
143.0
113.2
143.6
113.9
144.2
128.0
126.7
127.6
127.3
129.6
108.7
110.0
95.0
110.5
95.9
74.0
118.4
109.7
109.4
129.6
110.0
130.5
112.8
113.9
145.9
133.1
110.2
93.9
72.6
117.1
108.5
108.2
126.8
165.4
75.1
112.0
141.5
126.7
109.7
95.2
73.4
117.2
108.9
108.9
129.7
169.1
75.8
102.5
113.8
143.3
126.7
109.2
94.5
73.8
118.0
109.2
109.1
126.5
164.4
75.1
103.3
111.4
142.9
111.1
142.2
127.3
112.9
144.7
131.8
111.8
95.1
74.4
118.9
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
110.0
93.9
73.2
116.7
107.7
108.8
127.6
167.9
75.4
102.5
104.3
117.4
63.7
88.8
74.3
110.2
124.3
100.3
94.0
72.3
116.8
108.1
108.5
126.2
165.6
75.2
102.3
103.2
104.0
117.3
58.9
88.8
73.0
110.4
145.0
104.2
117.0
59.9
89.6
73.9
110.4
124.7
99.9
73.6
145.9
42.8
103.4
115.8
57.8
88.2
73.2
110.0
93.2
72.0
116.5
108.5
109.1
125.7
163.1
75.1
103.4
103.1
115.6
57.2
88.5
72.0
109.0
74.1
117.4
108.9
109.0
127.6
164.7
75.6
102.0
168.3
75.4
101.8
96.5
74.0
118.6
111.1
110.3
129.7
168.7
76.0
101.4
145.3
169.6
75.6
164.5
76.1
134.1
114.1
95.6
74.4
119.9
110.8
110.3
128.9
164.1
76.7
103.4
102.2
103.4
104.7
104.0
118.7
96.5
74.3
119.8
110.8
111.1
131.4
114.4
97.2
75.9
119.8
110.9
111.0
128.6
102.8
114.8
57.6
87.6
71.7
103.5
116.2
58.5
88.2
103.6
116.5
71.6
71.2
104.3
118.4
64.2
88.1
70.6
109.5
125.6
100.9
74.2
109.5
125.8
110.7
126.4
100.8
73.1
101.6
73.9
101.3
72.4
119.9
60.9
88.4
70.8
110.1
125.3
102.4
74.6
144.7
145.6
146.8
147.2
147.8
109.4
125.1
102.9
70.6
147.1
61.3
88.0
104.4
119.0
60.0
88.7
71.2
110.2
61.3
87.8
110.4
108.8
128.6
163.9
76.1
103.0
103.4
118.6
61.1
87.0
68.7
109.6
124.1
125.1
109.0
125.2
100.5
75.0
99.7
74.2
99.3
73.5
144.7
144.2
144.3
108.5
124.5
100.1
74.9
144.9
42.0
41.7
41.0
40.7
39.7
39.5
40.3
39.1
38.8
38.8
39.3
37.5
152.3
151.3
151.8
153.1
152.5
153.2
153.3
153.6
155.9
154.9
155.8
157.4
156.8
131.4
130.1
131.0
131.3
129.3
128.2
132.2
132.1
133.2
131.1
132.0
132.6
131.5
126.3
125.7
125.9
126.2
126.0
126.5
126.2
126.7
128.3
126.9
128.1
129.0
129.0
138.5
137.9
138.0
138.2
138.2
139.7
138.5
139.2
140.3
140.5
140.8
142.0
140.7
129.0
126.7
127.3
130.5
127.4
129.4
128.6
128.1
132.9
129.3
130.3
134.8
135.2
182.6
181.7
182.3
184.5
184.4
184.9
185.0
185.3
188.3
187.5
188.8
190.4
190.1
76.1
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
142.3
127.3
125.4
125.9
102.7
71.8
146.2
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.
62
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ALL-EMPLOYEE HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Percent change
Industry
Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ..
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
March 1997
to
March 1998P
Jan. 1998
to
Feb. 1998r
Feb. 1998
to
March 1998P
228,678
2.5
0.2
-0.5
192,537
191,400
2.5
.7
-.6
1,360
12,093
40,816
24,510
16,306
13,529
13,538
33,873
13,423
62,635
1,313
12,010
40,711
24,488
16,223
13,634
13,635
34,128
13,807
63,299
1,295
11,559
40,550
24,371
16,179
13,555
13,645
33,821
13,854
63,120
-5.7
1.9
.7
1.6
-.5
2.3
2.8
1.8
3.9
4.0
-3.5
-.7
-.3
-.1
-.5
.8
.7
.8
2.9
1.1
-1.3
-3.8
-.4
-.5
-.3
-.6
.1
-.9
.3
-.3
38,045
37,296
37,278
2.3
-2.0
.0
Jan.
1998r
Feb.
1998r
229,312
229,833
191,267
March
1998P
1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
r
= revised.
NOTE: Data
refer to hours of all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based
63
largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS
Bulletin 2490, chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and
Major Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202—606-5606).
Historical data for this series also are available on the Internet at the
following address: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/opt/tableb10
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
1997
1998
Industry
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
Mar.P
Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime2
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing
$12.14 $12.14 $12.19 $12.23 $12.24 $12.31 $12.35 $12.40 $12.48 $12.48 $12.52 $12.59 $12.63
13.79
13.80
13.85
13.86
13.86
13.94
13.97
14.07
14.11
14.17
14.15
14.21
14.25
15.94
15.80
13.07
12.37
15.96
15.86
13.07
12.38
16.05
15.91
13.11
12.38
16.12
15.95
13.12
12.42
16.10
15.96
13.11
12.41
16.07
16.03
13.20
12.50
16.20
16.08
13.22
12.51
16.27
16.12
13.35
12.60
16.43
16.22
13.37
12.63
16.41
16.36
13.39
12.64
16.42
16.22
13.38
12.64
16.77
16.30
13.43
12.70
16.93
16.42
13.47
12.75
11.59
11.58
11.63
11.69
11.70
11.77
11.81
11.85
11.94
11.92
11.97
12.05
12.10
14.73
13.30
8.25
13.12
12.16
14.76
13.27
8.26
13.00
12.16
14.80
13.33
8.28
13.18
12.20
14.85
13.42
8.30
13.29
12.26
14.95
13.38
8.32
13.30
12.26
15.01
13.54
8.36
13.49
12.33
14.95
13.54
8.42
13.47
12.36
15.01
13.57
8.46
13.54
12.41
15.05
13.73
8.50
13.64
12.50
15.09
13.69
8.51
13.59
12.48
15.26
13.67
8.57
13.63
12.52
15.19
13.81
8.59
13.83
12.62
15.20
13.87
8.62
13.88
12.68
7.50
8.52
7.16
7.49
8.52
7.15
7.52
8.54
7.17
7.54
8.54
7.20
7.53
8.53
7.20
7.56
8.56
7.23
7.56
8.55
7.23
7.58
8.60
7.24
7.62
8.62
7.29
7.62
8.65
7.28
7.64
8.64
7.31
7.69
8.68
7.36
(4)
(4)
(4)
Average weekly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
422.47 418.83 420.56 423.16 421.06 425.93 426.08 427.80 434.30 431.81 435.70 439.39 438.26
570.91 571.32 573.39 569.65 571.03 572.93 575.56 581.09 581.33 586.64 588.64 588.29 582.83
731.65 722.99 738.30 731.85 730.94 731.19 730.62 735.40 749.21 738.45 747.11 739.56 734.76
614.62 616.95 626.85 617.27 622.44 618.76 625.51 625.46 617.98 634.77 645.56 640.59 630.53
550.25 550.25 550.62 548.42 548.00 551.76 553.92 560.70 562.88 565.06 563.30 564.06 561.70
Manufacturing
382.47 378.67 380.30 384.60 382.59 387.23 387.37 388.68 395.21 390.98 393.81 400.06 399.30
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing
586.25 580.07 584.60 588.06 583.05 601.90 596.51 597.40 605.01 599.07 607.35 607.60 600.40
513.38 509.57 511.87 516.67 512.45 519.94 518.58 519.73 531.35 522.96 524.93 533.07 535.38
240.08 238.71 239.29 239.87 239.62 243.28 242.50 244.49 245.65 245.94 248.53 250.83 249.98
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
260.95 258.54 259.44 260.73 259.11 261.47 260.92 261.49 265.30 263.62 266.00 268.25
352.63 352.67 353.73 350.99 351.40 351.71 352.46 355.19 355.12 358.14 359.37 359.15
236.24 233.75 234.61 236.97 235.44 237.71 237.21 237.58 241.42 238.69 240.42 244.24
4
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and
one-half.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wager Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
(4)
(4)
(4)
Not available.
These series are not computed because the average weekly hours'
components are not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1993 forward are subject to revision.
5
64
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
uoae
Production workers1
All employees
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
Total
119,663 120,472 122,160 122,940 123,576
-
-
-
-
-
Total private
99.827 100.522 102.461 102.838 103,369
81,612
82,251
83,621
83,966
84,419
420
423
425
423
561
Mining
562
561
559
424
-
41.5
6.9
12.4
41.4
6.9
12.3
39.2
6.9
12.3
38.8
6.8
12.1
_
88.9
83.4
88.4
-
76.3
71.0
75.9
70.7
73.1
68.2
72.6
67.9
_
321.6
128.2
189.3
320.0
127.7
188.2
317.8
-
227.2
77.2
146.8
227.8
76.2
148.4
239.0
74.9
160.7
237.6
74.6
159.5
_
_
-
103.1
39.0
33.8
12.2
98.7
37.3
32.2
11.9
99.5
37.6
32.7
11.6
102.7
74.5
28.7
-
111
30.2
-
73.4
28.5
-
74.3
28.9
-
-
5,093
5.204
5,345
5.341
5,391
3,870
3,968
4,059
4,054
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
53.5
8.4
16.1
53.5
8.4
16.1
51.2
8.3
16.3
50.8
8.2
16.1
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
12
122
92.8
86.5
92.4
86.2
89.5
83.7
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services
13
131
138
314.5
136.2
174.2
312.7
133.1
175.5
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals
14
142
144
147
99.8
37.4
32.7
12.4
Construction
560
50.9
-
-
-
4,091
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
15
152
153
154
1,214.4
617.7
26.1
570.6
1,227.1
626.3
26.2
574.6
1,291.6
661.1
26.5
604.0
1.284.4
657.8
26.7
599.9
1,289.6
-
843.1
411.8
10.5
420.8
852.4
417.9
10.7
423.8
895.2
441.7
10.3
443.2
888.6
439.3
10.4
438.9
_
_
_
-
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
16
161
162
656.5
170.3
486.2
685.3
186.6
498.7
647.7
165.8
481.9
654.0
169.9
484.1
683.9
_
-
534.4
128.6
405.8
561.9
144.3
417.6
522.9
122.7
400.2
528.2
126.4
401.8
_
-
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
3,221.8
758.7
169.8
638.6
427.0
235.3
206.0
3.291.7
762.5
174.8
645.4
438.2
241.6
213.4
3.405.9
788.0
183.1
693.4
458.0
253.5
206.9
3.402?
783.6
179.0
691.3
461.2
254.4
211.7
3.417.1
2,492.1
555.9
136.5
501.3
362.6
177.3
161.0
2,553.4
558.9
141.5
506.5
372.9
182.2
168.1
2.641.0
577.7
148.2
547.6
389.9
191.7
158.0
2,636.9
573.5
144.4
544.6
392.0
192.6
163.4
18.360
18.397
18,590
18,611
18,636
12,670
12.705
12.831
12,858
12.874
10.787
10,821
11,035
11,054
11.075
7,390
7,422
7,572
7,597
7,614
637.2
61.2
159.7
126.4
31.6
230.0
87.5
63.7
23.6
28.1
44.8
69.0
55.2
72.5
641.1
59.4
160.3
127.2
31.5
232.4
88.9
63.9
23.7
28.0
45.4
70.4
56.2
73.2
651.4
60.4
162.2
128.0
32.5
238.2
90.8
67.0
24.0
27.1
45.7
71.8
56.8
73.1
651.2
59.4
162.3
127.9
32.7
238.8
90.8
67.6
24.1
27.1
46.2
71.3
56.5
73.2
652.2
_
_
_
_
401.6
234.0
107.6
72.4
18.5
25.3
402.1
233.5
107.5
72.5
17.8
25.4
411.5
235.4
105.9
74.3
18.4
27.7
413.5
237.7
106.5
75.2
18.9
27.8
414.3
Manufacturing
Durable goods
-
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Mill work, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
776.3
77.2
183.5
145.8
35.7
287.3
114.3
79.4
27.8
30.0
52.5
86.9
66.4
88.9
780.5
75.0
183.9
146.6
35.4
290.2
115.8
79.8
27.9
30.0
53.2
88.3
67.5
89.9
791.8
76.1
186.7
147.9
36.8
296.4
117.3
82.9
28.3
29.6
53.5
89.7
67.7
89.4
792.2
75.2
186.7
147.8
36.9
297.3
117.5
83.6
28.2
29.6
53.9
89.6
67.8
89.5
793.4
_
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
506.6
277.1
124.3
85.7
22.1
32.9
507.1
276.9
124.0
86.2
21.4
33.1
516.9
278.4
122.1
87.9
21.8
35.7
518.9
280.6
122.9
88.7
22.2
35.7
520.8
_
See footnotes at end of table.
65
_
_
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
_
_
-
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
oooe
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
Production workers1
All employees
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
252
253
254
259
61.2
44.1
85.7
38.5
61.2
44.3
86.2
38.5
63.9
46.2
88.5
39.9
63.7
45.9
88.6
40.1
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296
523.2
15.6
71.8
26.5
45.3
57.5
17.1
32.6
39.7
198.7
16.8
69.6
94.7
76.1
19.5
2.6
23.9
529.5
15.5
70.5
25.9
44.6
57.6
17.1
32.9
39.6
205.6
17.3
71.3
99.5
76.1
19.4
2.6
23.7
529.3
15.8
71.4
24.7
46.7
58.3
17.4
31.5
38.7
201.9
17.2
70.1
96.9
75.5
19.7
2.6
23.5
529.5
15.2
71.8
25.0
46.8
57.6
17.4
31.8
38.1
203.3
17.1
71.2
97.3
75.2
19.5
2.6
23.3
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
708.2
235.9
163.7
26.7
129.1
81.9
3.8
26.2
38.8
22.4
168.7
22.7
21.5
72.6
90.3
24.4
708.9
235.9
163.8
26.7
129.8
82.4
3.8
26.3
38.9
22.4
168.2
22.5
21.5
72.6
90.5
24.5
720.6
236.8
163.0
27.7
135.1
84.1
3.9
28.1
39.2
22.4
169.2
22.4
21.2
72.7
93.1
25.3
1,457.3
38.0
30.7
125.6
43.3
70.1
58.4
23.6
20.6
442.4
76.0
75.0
101.1
119.7
29.6
101.9
52.9
49.0
252.8
31.0
116.4
94.1
1,461.0
38.1
30.8
126.1
43.2
70.7
57.9
23.5
20.3
443.2
76.1
74.9
101.3
119.6
29.8
102.7
53.4
49.3
253.2
31.2
116.2
94.6
1.491.6
37.5
30.3
127.5
43.1
71.8
59.8
23.6
21.7
451.2
76.4
76.0
102.1
123.0
30.5
106.9
56.2
50.7
259.1
33.0
116.9
97.7
336
3365
34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, handtools. and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws ... 3423.5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgingsand stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
See footnotes at end of table.
66
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
45.0
34.7
62.8
25.1
45.2
34.9
63.3
25.2
47.4
36.2
66.1
26.4
47.2
35.9
66.1
26.6
534.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
405.0
12.5
60.0
23.9
36.1
44.5
13.0
25.4
31.4
149.5
10.5
52.2
73.1
58.5
15.4
2.2
-
411.1
12.5
59.0
23.2
35.8
44.7
13.1
25.8
31.5
155.7
10.8
53.6
77.6
58.3
15.4
2.2
-
411.6
12.5
59.1
22.0
37.1
45.5
13.2
24.4
30.3
153.4
10.8
53.3
75.4
58.3
15.8
2.1
-
412.5
12.2
59.5
22.4
37.1
44.8
13.2
24.7
29.9
155.0
10.8
54.3
75.9
58.0
15.5
2.2
-
416.0
-
719.8
235.9
162.4
27.7
135.4
84.1
3.9
28.3
39.0
22.2
168.5
22.3
20.9
72.8
93.7
25.4
720.0
236.3
_
_
_
_
552.8
181.4
126.6
20.3
105.9
68.0
2.9
21.3
30.3
18.3
128.5
17.6
16.0
54.9
73.4
20.0
553.2
181.3
126.7
20.3
106.5
68.3
2.9
21.6
30.2
18.1
128.4
17.7
15.9
54.9
73.4
20.0
566.4
183.1
127.2
21.0
111.2
69.8
3.0
23.1
30.4
18.1
130.3
18.0
16.0
55.4
75.7
20.7
565.2
182.7
126.6
21.0
111.2
69.6
3.0
23.2
30.1
18.0
129.6
18.0
15.7
55.5
76.0
20.8
565.3
182.9
_
_
-
1.492.6
37.3
30.2
127.4
43.1
71.7
59.5
23.7
21.3
451.1
76.8
75.5
102.8
123.2
30.5
107.2
56.3
50.9
258.8
33.0
116.1
98.1
1.490.8
—
1.097.9
32.6
26.6
95.3
33.5
53.3
41.8
17.2
13.7
324.4
56.1
55.3
73.3
92.2
20.8
79.9
43.1
36.8
202.4
23.7
97.2
72.9
1,101.3
32.6
26.7
95.6
33.4
53.7
41.2
17.0
13.5
325.1
56.0
55.3
73.4
92.2
21.0
80.6
43.4
37.2
202.9
23.9
96.8
73.6
1,126.2
31.8
26.1
98.4
33.0
55.8
42.3
17.1
14.4
330.3
55.9
55.3
74.0
94.5
22.4
84.0
45.6
38.4
205.4
25.3
95.7
75.7
1,129.0
31.6
26.0
98.7
33.2
55.9
42.1
17.2
14.0
330.9
56.3
55.4
74.9
94.6
22.3
84.4
46.0
38.4
205.6
25.4
95.4
76.0
1,126.7
_
_
_
_
—
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
—
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Production workers'
All employees
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
139.3
85.3
54.0
44.5
23.2
254.4
25.3
54.6
140.0
86.1
53.9
44.2
22.8
255.6
25.2
55.1
145.5
90.5
55.0
41.3
21.7
262.8
25.6
55.7
146.0
90.4
55.6
41.6
22.0
263.7
25.7
55.6
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ....
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
2,134.5
82.6
24.3
58.3
107.4
76.0
234.6
86.5
16.7
41.9
41.1
30.0
348.3
41.8
17.5
167.3
53.0
22.3
175.3
14.9
21.8
25.4
257.4
30.4
39.7
26.1
35.4
17.5
21.3
368.5
192.8
2,142.3
82.4
24.2
58.2
108.7
76.8
236.1
86.8
16.7
42.8
41.4
30.0
349.3
41.8
17.4
167.8
53.3
22.3
175.7
14.9
21.9
25.6
256.9
30.5
39.7
25.8
35.4
17.5
21.3
371.5
193.6
2,193.1
82.4
24.3
58.1
107.8
79.3
248.8
89.9
16.6
49.3
42.8
31.2
354.1
42.3
17.7
171.3
54.2
20.8
183.1
15.2
22.3
25.3
261.9
30.3
40.5
26.1
36.1
18.3
21.9
385.9
200.8
2,200.8
82.3
24.1
58.2
108.3
79.3
249.6
90.4
16.5
49.8
42.6
31.3
353.4
42.3
17.7
171.1
54.2
20.8
183.3
15.3
22.5
25.2
262.6
30.3
40.6
26.2
36.0
18.4
22.1
385.5
200.7
57.4
207.2
143.7
353.2
23.0
283.4
58.3
207.5
143.7
354.2
23.2
284.1
61.0
202.5
137.6
366.6
23.1
294.3
60.9
207.2
142.2
368.6
23.2
295.8
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
1,642.6
80.5
38.9
41.6
154.4
74.5
59.5
117.8
29.5
16.9
25.4
1,642.1
79.8
38.1
41.7
154.0
74.2
59.6
118.3
30.3
16.8
25.4
1,684.0
80.9
38.2
42.7
154.0
74.9
58.2
116.9
25.6
18.0
25.9
1.682.7
80.7
38.0
42.7
153.4
74.7
57.8
116.6
25.8
18.0
25.6
uooe
Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
3575.8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
See footnotes at end of table.
67
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
_
-
2.204 fl
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
385.6
-
_
1,683.1
_
_
-
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
111.1
68.3
42.8
23.8
9.5
186.6
18.8
41.2
111.8
69.1
42.7
23.8
9.5
187.7
18.8
41.7
117.5
74.1
43.4
23.2
9.9
193.3
18.9
41.9
118.0
73.9
44.1
23.2
9.9
194.5
19.0
42.0
1,340.7
53.2
13.8
39.4
78.8
54.8
152.2
59.2
9.9
28.2
23.3
20.4
248.1
26.1
11.2
127.8
37.0
15.6
98.3
10.0
12.4
15.2
165.1
17.4
31.3
15.3
23.9
12.4
15.0
131.6
58.5
1,349.8
53.0
13.8
39.2
80.2
55.4
153.4
59.5
9.9
28.9
23.4
20.6
248.9
26.0
11.2
128.2
37.2
15.6
98.4
10.0
12.5
15.3
164.6
17.4
31.3
15.0
23.9
12.4
15.0
136.4
61.8
1,383.9
51.9
13.8
38.1
79.0
57.6
162.6
61.8
10.0
33.6
23.6
21.5
254.2
26.8
11.3
131.5
38.7
14.6
100.0
10.0
12.6
15.0
168.2
17.7
31.6
15.0
24.5
13.3
15.4
146.5
69.5
1,392.4
51.9
13.7
38.2
79.6
57.7
163.2
62.4
9.8
34.0
23.2
21.6
253.6
26.8
11.1
131.5
38.7
14.6
100.0
10.0
12.7
15.0
168.8
17.7
31.6
15.2
24.6
13.3
15.5
147.4
70.3
22.7
149.5
109.7
263.9
18.2
216.5
22.9
150.0
109.9
264.9
18.2
217.4
23.3
145.2
104.4
276.3
18.5
227.0
23.7
149.8
108.9
278.1
18.6
228.4
1,043.4
54.8
27.5
27.3
107.6
58.0
34.8
93.1
23.7
13.3
19.3
1,042.7
54.3
26.8
27.5
107.2
57.6
35.0
94.0
24.4
13.2
19.7
1,069.3
54.9
26.2
28.7
107.0
58.0
33.9
92.4
20.0
14.3
19.5
1,066.4
54.8
26.2
28.6
106.3
57.6
33.6
92.3
20.3
14.3
19.3
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
_
1,395.2
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1,065.7
_
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
178.5
22.7
62.0
17.4
20.4
79.7
53.7
270.2
112.2
611.4
22.8
255.7
137.7
150.1
27.4
67.2
177.4
22.6
61.6
17.5
20.3
79.1
53.6
269.7
112.3
614.3
22.7
257.4
138.0
149.5
27.3
66.6
179.9
22.5
62.7
17.6
20.4
76.6
52.8
274.9
116.9
653.6
22.8
279.3
143.4
147.2
26.5
66.9
180.0
22.5
62.6
17.6
20.7
75.7
52.2
276.1
117.8
652.8
22.8
279.1
143.1
147.4
26.0
67.1
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
1.801.7
961.6
335.4
39.0
534.5
34.3
486.9
258.3
98.0
130.6
151.6
96.9
54.7
35.4
90.1
62.4
53.2
21.5
1.812.1
969.2
340.1
39.8
535.7
34.9
489.9
259.4
98.2
132.3
151.3
96.3
55.0
35.2
90.3
62.6
53.4
21.6
1.865.3
983.6
336.4
41.3
546.1
40.1
527.1
277.8
102.6
146.7
150.5
94.3
56.2
35.3
90.9
63.2
53.2
22.3
1.876.0
990.7
341.6
41.8
546.2
40.8
529.5
278.4
103.0
148.1
151.8
94.3
57.5
35.2
90.2
63.2
53.9
22.8
1.880.8
993.8
527.9
_
_
-
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
852.9
160.4
298.6
41.5
66.2
75.8
267.3
104.0
92.3
35.0
84.0
7.6
852.5
160.3
299.4
41.4
66.5
76.3
266.1
103.6
92.1
34.9
84.2
7.6
862.1
162.2
304.0
40.3
66.8
79.5
270.8
104.3
94.3
36.0
81.4
7.7
859.1
162.0
302.3
39.2
66.8
79.9
270.5
104.2
94.1
36.6
80.0
7.7
861.8
-
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
384.1
48.4
36.2
15.7
111.5
39.6
71.9
31.7
23.3
13.0
153.5
66.6
384.9
48.1
36.0
15.7
111.2
38.4
72.8
31.5
23.5
13.2
154.9
66.8
380.0
47.1
35.1
16.4
104.2
36.2
68.0
30.4
23.4
13.0
158.5
69.7
382.6
46.9
35.1
16.4
105.3
36.5
68.8
30.6
23.6
13.2
159.8
69.7
385.0
-
Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential ing fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
See footnotes at end of table.
68
Feb.
1998P
_
_
652.4
_
-
_
-
_
—
_
—
-
—
_
_
_
_
—
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
128.2
17.5
40.4
13.4
15.6
52.4
32.0
129.1
57.0
369.1
16.1
116.4
92.4
109.1
21.3
53.7
127.2
17.5
40.1
13.5
15.3
50.9
31.8
128.6
56.7
371.9
16.3
117.6
92.9
108.6
21.1
53.2
128.6
17.5
41.3
13.0
15.4
49.3
31.1
131.0
56.6
399.2
16.9
129.0
99.0
106.9
20.6
52.4
128.7
17.4
41.6
13.1
15.7
48.8
31.0
129.8
56.5
399.3
16.8
129.5
98.7
106.4
20.1
52.1
1.220.8
759.0
256.5
31.4
428.0
27.6
238.2
105.5
51.7
81.0
116.9
71.1
45.8
26.9
24.1
15.2
38.7
18.0
1.229.7
765.4
260.5
31.9
429.1
28.3
241.9
107.3
52.1
82.5
115.5
69.4
46.1
26.8
24.2
15.3
38.9
18.2
1,262.2
771.2
252.9
32.8
437.0
32.3
268.5
119.0
54.8
94.7
114.6
67.8
46.8
26.8
24.3
15.4
39.0
18.8
1,272.9
777.8
258.2
33.2
436.6
33.1
270.5
118.9
55.7
95.9
116.2
68.1
48.1
26.9
24.4
15.5
39.4
19.2
1.280.3
780.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
421.4
43.8
153.1
27.5
33.8
32.9
157.0
67.1
56.9
22.0
39.2
6.3
420.7
43.6
153.5
27.6
34.0
33.1
156.4
66.8
56.7
21.6
39.3
6.3
425.4
42.3
155.7
27.6
34.3
33.2
158.6
66.1
58.7
23.4
39.0
6.4
426.4
42.6
155.4
26.9
34.5
33.8
159.4
66.8
58.7
24.1
38.5
6.4
428.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
269.6
33.2
24.4
12.4
77.3
26.1
51.2
21.6
16.3
9.0
108.8
44.0
270.1
32.9
24.2
12.4
76.9
24.8
52.1
21.4
16.6
9.3
109.9
43.9
264.5
32.4
23.8
12.9
70.4
22.8
47.6
20.9
16.5
9.3
111.4
45.3
267.4
32.5
24.0
12.9
71.6
23.1
48.5
21.0
16.8
9.6
112.6
45.5
270.1
Mar.
1998P
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonffarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meatpacking plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
1987
SIC
Code
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052.3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
Production workers1
All employees
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
7,573
1.651.8
479.0
147.4
94.8
236.8
140.7
40.0
61.5
208.3
19.0
59.2
42.3
125.6
19.1
40.3
206.8
147.4
7,576
1,653.0
479.8
146.8
95.2
237.8
141.7
40.1
61.7
208.6
18.7
59.6
42.4
125.4
19.0
40.3
206.9
147.6
7,555
1,669.4
486.2
150.1
96.4
239.7
140.8
40.5
61.5
204.5
19.0
56.2
43.0
125.8
19.4
40.0
210.9
152.4
7,557
1,668.7
486.8
151.1
95.6
240.1
140.9
40.0
61.7
205.1
18.3
56.0
43.9
125.3
19.3
40.4
209.0
151.1
7,561
1,671.1
_
_
5,283
1,221.0
406.8
122.1
73.7
211.0
93.8
32.7
34.9
171.9
14.7
47.2
36.7
69.5
11.9
25.8
138.2
69.4
5,259
1,234.0
412.2
125.5
74.4
212.3
94.5
33.1
35.5
168.8
15.0
44.8
37.1
90.6
12.1
26.4
141.0
91.8
5,261
1,235.1
412.9
126.5
73.6
212.8
94.4
32.5
35.6
169.3
14.6
44.3
37.9
89.7
12.0
26.5
139.7
90.9
5,260
1,235.9
-
_
_
-
5,280
1,219.7
406.3
122.6
73.6
210.1
93.1
32.6
34.9
171.4
15.0
46.9
36.6
89.6
12.0
25.9
137.8
89.2
59.4
96.3
5.4
4.3
7.4
53.6
30.8
176.1
34.7
93.1
188.2
59.3
93.7
5.1
4.3
7.3
51.7
30.7
177.0
34.7
93.7
189.2
58.5
102.7
7.2
4.2
9.8
55.1
32.3
178.7
34.1
93.5
187.5
57.9
99.8
6.5
4.2
8.8
54.3
32.1
178.3
33.8
93.7
191.4
_
_
_
-
48.6
76.6
4.2
3.3
6.4
43.8
22.0
84.4
22.2
38.2
138.5
48.8
74.0
4.0
3.3
6.3
41.8
22.1
85.0
22.3
38.4
139.7
49.2
80.4
5.3
3.1
8.8
43.4
22.6
87.4
21.9
38.0
136.5
48.8
78.9
5.3
3.2
7.6
42.9
22.3
87.4
21.4
38.7
140.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
42.6
27.8
40.8
27.9
42.8
26.8
42.3
27.4
40.2
-
33.3
20.7
31.3
20.7
34.7
20.8
33.2
20.5
31.7
-
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
609.5
70.9
64.3
14.6
20.7
173.9
20.6
39.1
53.0
17.6
22.5
66.5
31.0
21.4
60.9
87.3
63.6
16.7
50.4
611.0
72.3
64.1
14.7
20.8
174.0
20.5
39.1
52.9
17.6
22.9
66.0
30.7
21.3
60.8
87.6
63.9
16.7
50.7
597.1
68.6
66.4
14.0
20.5
164.2
18.9
37.3
49.4
13.6
23.6
63.8
29.9
20.4
62.9
86.7
63.2
16.4
50.0
595.5
69.8
66.1
11.9
20.6
163.8
18.8
36.9
49.4
13.5
23.7
63.9
29.9
20.4
63.0
86.2
62.4
16.6
50.2
596.3
_
-
516.9
63.1
54.1
12.5
17.2
149.2
18.0
34.1
45.2
15.7
18.7
54.4
25.4
17.1
49.9
77.6
56.9
14.4
38.9
518.3
64.3
53.9
12.6
17.3
149.5
17.9
34.2
45.2
15.7
19.1
53.9
25.1
17.0
49.6
77.9
57.2
14.4
39.3
506.8
61.2
56.4
11.8
17.0
139.9
16.6
32.3
42.4
11.9
19.7
52.4
24.5
16.5
53.0
76.5
56.2
13.9
38.6
505.7
62.4
56.2
9.5
17.0
139.9
16.4
32.1
42.4
11.9
20.0
52.5
24.5
16.5
53.0
76.4
55.9
14.1
38.8
506.9
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses1 blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
826.7
31.4
214.9
45.7
72.4
31.8
242.4
25.5
37.7
23.0
156.2
822.8
31.2
214.3
45.5
71.9
32.0
241.0
25.9
38.1
22.8
154.2
780.9
30.0
198.3
40.5
68.1
29.8
225.3
22.8
35.5
24.4
142.6
779.1
29.8
195.5
40.6
67.7
29.4
227.0
22.7
36.8
24.0
143.5
778.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
676.8
25.4
182.3
39.1
62.5
27.2
197.3
19.9
29.5
18.0
129.9
673.5
25.3
181.3
36.8
61.9
27.3
196.1
20.2
30.0
17.8
128.1
632.6
24.3
167.6
35.2
58.8
25.6
180.8
17.5
27.3
19.1
116.9
630.7
24.2
164.6
35.2
58.2
25.3
181.9
17.3
28.3
18.7
117.6
629.0
_
See footnotes at end of table.
69
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1987
SIC
Industry
Production workers1
All employees
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
30.1
22.8
7.3
26.1
10.6
26.5
173.8
15.6
46.0
47.1
29.9
22.3
7.6
24.8
9.9
27.1
173.6
15.5
46.6
46.8
27.7
21.0
6.7
22.8
9.3
25.3
170.1
13.9
47.0
45.9
27.4
20.7
6.7
22.8
9.0
25.5
170.1
14.0
47.6
45.5
674.0
_
_
-
513.6
123.3
37.8
168.6
97.8
15.3
39.0
174.0
23.6
29.6
18.8
512.6
123.3
37.2
168.0
97.2
15.4
39.0
174.4
23.4
29.9
18.8
516.1
122.4
38.2
168.8
98.4
14.7
38.7
177.4
25.0
30.7
19.4
514.7
122.2
38.1
168.2
98.2
14.8
38.6
177.0
24.7
30.6
19.4
514.7
-
1,555.4
451.0
134.7
123.9
84.5
39.4
92.1
569.2
371.2
178.6
44.2
64.6
48.2
1,554.4
_
_
-
835.1
148.0
44.7
66.1
34.7
31.4
40.1
402.3
260.3
126.3
31.3
49.8
34.1
840.2
149.8
45.9
65.1
33.8
31.3
43.3
403.2
262.7
125.7
31.5
49.5
32.6
839.5
149.3
45.4
64.4
33.1
31.3
43.3
404.4
263.1
126.2
31.6
49.0
32.4
836.7
_
_
_
_
-
832.1
147.5
44.2
65.9
34.8
31.1
39.7
401.4
259.1
126.8
31.3
49.5
34.2
1.022.3
115.3
70.0
153.9
77.5
46.7
260.9
207.2
153.9
39.7
42.4
71.8
53.5
140.7
25.9
112.2
50.3
93.8
1.024.5
115.1
69.9
153.3
77.0
46.7
262.9
209.2
154.3
39.4
42.4
72.5
53.7
140.6
25.9
112.0
50.7
93.9
1.027.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
565.2
54.9
36.0
105.1
47.4
37.3
117.9
96.1
92.2
21.7
22.7
47.8
28.1
80.7
15.7
62.9
30.7
55.6
566.2
54.8
35.9
105.3
47.7
37.5
117.4
95.6
92.3
21.6
22.7
48.0
28.2
80.9
15.9
63.0
31.3
56.0
573.5
59.5
35.3
103.3
48.2
36.9
118.1
95.3
95.4
22.0
23.9
49.5
28.4
81.5
15.5
64.1
30.6
56.7
577.3
60.1
35.3
103.5
48.3
37.0
119.4
96.7
96.9
22.5
23.9
50.5
28.5
81.5
15.7
63.8
30.8
56.6
578.1
136.5
97.2
24.9
130.5
92.7
23.1
130.6
92.5
23.3
132.2
-
87.6
63.1
16.7
89.0
63.0
18.1
84.0
59.6
16.5
84.5
59.6
16.9
85.7
986.4
78.0
6.8
69.0
28.0
114.9
717.7
996.2
77.7
998.5
79.0
6.7
71.7
28.9
116.1
725.0
1,000.5
_
_
_
_
—
763.6
57.1
5.3
52.2
21.6
88.4
560.6
764.9
57.2
5.6
52.8
21.7
88.4
560.9
772.0
57.1
5.5
55.6
22.8
88.9
564.9
774.6
57.6
5.2
55.6
22.8
89.1
567.1
776.7
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
38.1
27.7
10.4
31.6
12.4
33.0
216.0
19.7
54.4
58.7
37.7
27.1
10.6
30.1
11.6
33.5
215.7
19.6
54.8
58.6
35.2
25.9
9.3
27.9
10.8
31.8
214.6
18.2
55.6
58.7
34.6
25.5
9.1
27.9
10.5
32.1
214.3
18.3
56.4
58.5
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
674.3
159.3
49.4
217.1
130.2
17.2
48.2
236.1
45.4
38.3
24.0
673.1
158.5
48.7
216.8
129.8
17.3
48.1
236.9
45.6
38.6
24.0
676.0
157.6
49.3
217.4
131.4
16.4
47.5
240.0
47.2
39.0
24.9
675.1
156.4
49.2
217.2
131.4
16.5
47.6
240.7
47.3
39.0
24.7
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279
1,531.5
442.0
131.4
123.8
84.6
39.2
85.9
562.9
365.1
178.2
44.6
64.7
49.8
1,533.9
442.0
131.8
124.6
84.9
39.7
86.7
563.6
366.2
177.6
44.6
64.6
49.7
1,553.0
449.5
134.3
124.1
84.8
39.3
91.9
568.3
371.1
178.1
44.3
65.2
48.3
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
28
1.024.0
117.4
72.3
156.9
76.0
48.1
259.5
206.6
151.3
39.7
41.0
70.6
52.8
142.0
25.7
113.5
51.6
92.5
1.025.6
116.9
71.8
156.9
76.0
48.2
259.7
206.4
151.9
39.6
41.2
71.1
53.0
142.0
25.9
113.4
52.2
93.0
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
135.5
97.7
23.5
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee
30
301
302
305
3052
306
308
984.3
78.2
6.5
68.4
27.9
114.6
716.6
Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
,
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842.3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289
See footnotes at end of table.
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
uooe
70
7.2
71.6
28.8
115.9
723.8
_
_
_
_
-
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
-
—
_
-
_
-
_
—
-
—
—
_
—
_
_
-
-
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
1987
SIC
Code
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Production workers1
All employees
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
92.7
13.0
43.0
22.1
12.2
10.2
9.4
93.3
13.0
42.8
22.1
12.1
10.8
9.5
86.4
13.0
37.4
20.7
9.7
10.9
8.7
86.8
13.1
37.5
20.5
9.6
11.4
8.7
85.9
_
_
_
-
70.8
10.7
34.4
17.2
9.8
7.4
5.6
71.4
10.7
34.3
17.3
9.7
8.0
5.8
65.3
10.7
29.9
16.2
7.6
7.8
5.0
65.3
10.6
30.0
16.0
7.5
7.8
5.1
64.7
_
_
_
-
6,317
6,353
6,456
6,478
6,513
5,317
5,347
5,367
5,364
5,396
4,096
4,123
4.200
4,217
4,239
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
_
-
Railroad transportation
Class I railroads plus Amtrak2
40
4011
223.4
198.9
223.8
198.9
228.5
201.7
227.9
201.3
228.3
-
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses
41
411
412
413
415
463.7
223.0
31.0
26.7
150.7
467.3
223.3
31.3
26.9
151.9
472.8
229.9
32.1
27.1
151.8
476.3
230.3
32.2
27.1
153.6
481.9
_
-
424.7
201.8
24.3
-
429.0
202.7
24.5
-
433.0
208.9
24.2
-
436.5
209.2
-.
24.2
-
_
_
_
_
-
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air ..
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
1,629.0
1.467.4
157.3
1,640.1
1.476.2
159.5
1.675.0
1.507.6
163.0
1.681 ?
1,514.4
162.4
1,688.7
1,417.6
1,282.8
130.9
1,426.7
1,290.1
132.6
1,463.1
1,323.5
135.6
1,467.4
1,328.6
134.9
_
-
Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nee
Water transportation services
44
444
449
167.9
14.4
112.1
169.9
14.3
113.6
164.6
14.6
110.5
170.3
14.7
116.2
172.9
-
98.7
_
99.8
_
96.2
__
101.8
_
-
Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services
45
451
4512
458
1.169.6
1,007.6
518.5
117
1,176.4
1.013.9
522.2
117
1.207.4
1.034.5
541.3
126
1,204.9
1,031.3
543.1
127
1,207.5
_
_
-
-
_
_
-
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
-
Pipelines, except natural gas
46
14.2
14.2
14.2
14.1
14.1
11.5
11.5
11.6
11.4
-
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
47
472
4724
473
428.5
218.5
172.9
163.5
431.6
221.0
174.5
163.6
437.6
215.1
172.2
172.3
442.7
217.1
174.2
175.2
445.7
_
_
-
348.3
181.9
144.2
127.9
351.9
184.3
145.7
128.7
357.9
180.3
144.6
135.8
361.8
182.3
146.5
137.5
_
_
_
-
2.221
2,230
2,256
2,261
2,274
1,402.1
947.4
795.0
250.3
120.3
130.0
181.9
1,414 7
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services ....
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484
49
491
492
493
495
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023
1,351.1
903.2
768.5
247.7
116.7
131.0
177.8
1.358.9
909.5
773.4
248.8
117.8
131.0
178.5
_
-
870.2
379.1
143.5
160.4
154.6
871.1
379.4
143.7
160.9
154.5
858.7
373.6
140.8
157.9
153.3
858.6
373.0
140.6
157.8
154.1
858.8
_
6,536
6.571
6.722
6,737
3.857
504.4
140.8
288.7
157.8
74.8
83.0
3.877
506.1
141.1
289.6
159.6
75.7
83.9
4,003
511.3
145.8
289.6
164.9
79.5
85.4
4.022
512.4
146.1
290.0
165.8
79.9
85.9
See footnotes at end of table.
1.397.2
944.2
791.4
250.7
120.5
130.2
179.9
-
71
-
-
-
-
1,057.9
692.2
585.2
205.9
148.5
1,064.2
696.8
588.1
207.2
149.0
1 038.8
671.6
555.8
207.7
_
_
149.4
1,032.6
665.4
551.6
207.5
_
_
149.7
689.7
300.8
111.4
124.3
127.7
690.8
301.8
111.3
124.9
127.3
683.6
300.0
109.3
121.9
126.3
680.8
297.8
108.9
122.0
126.0
6,758
5,265
5,299
5,385
5,395
4,033
_
3,070
411.8
_
3,090
413.1
_
_
127.1
_
-
3,157
411.2
3,172
410.8
_
_
131.7
_
-
_
-
125.6
_
-
_
130.6
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
5,413
_
_
_
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
0006
Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies
503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093
51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191
Retail trade
Production workers1
All employees
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
243.1
125.4
37.1
840.9
198.9
326.4
177.7
143.4
528.3
224.6
48.3
255.4
300.9
105.5
119.0
811.9
85.8
119.0
330.6
151.2
325.9
129.2
246.6
126.3
37.8
844.9
199.4
328.3
179.1
144.2.
531.6
225.2
48.6
257.8
301.6
105.7
119.3
815.8
86.1
120.8
331.5
151.5
327.0
130.3
249.3
129.4
37.2
878.3
211.2
337.0
185.5
147.2
558.5
238.6
49.4
270.5
303.8
107.3
119.4
842.3
91.1
122.3
344.2
156.0
347.1
137.6
Feb.
1998P
250.1
129.9
37.1
882.8
211.3
341.4
186.4
147.9
560.9
239.1
49.4
272.4
305.5
108.4
120.0
846.0
91.3
123.2
345.4
156.7
350.9
139.0
Mar.
1998P
—
_
_
_
_
_
-
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
199.6
-
203.0
667.1
_
205.2
—
661.6
—
144.4
115.8
397.9
244.5
648.8
—
_
264.7
-
145.1
116.5
399.4
—
_
—
245.7
652.9
—
_
_
265.3
-
682.2
_
—
149.3
119.1
408.8
_
_
246.4
672.3
_
280.9
-
Feb.
1998P
206.3
_
—
685.6
150.2
119.5
410.7
—
-
-
248.0
_
675.6
—
_
284.0
-
—
—
-
_
—
-
106.9
130.3
_
124.2
425.3
-
2,228
218.9
176.5
178.3
769.5
_
83.5
106.4
134.5
-
2,223
217.7
176.6
178.8
766.1
_
82.1
105.5
133.4
-
125.1
435.7
-
124.8
437.8
-
21,924
21.964
18,780
18.887
19,355
19,228
19,257
714.9
446.1
49.9
132.9
56.4
735.7
456.7
49.7
133.6
65.5
736.9
466.0
51.4
134.1
53.9
734.3
462.0
52.2
132.2
55.5
-
2.719
262.2
151.6
212.9
220.5
914.7
290.6
57.3
98.8
104.2
146.1
162.6
67.9
94.7
155.5
101.1
54.4
540.0
167.3
2.715
261.2
150.8
213.3
220.9
911.3
289.7
57.0
98.1
102.8
144.7
162.1
67.7
94.4
154.6
100.3
54.3
544.5
168.5
2,725
_
21,383
21.494
22,056
-
2,195
220.2
175.0
176.1
754.7
_
-
82.1
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
52
521
523
525
526
865.3
530.5
64.3
161.8
71.0
888.3
542.2
64.5
162.7
80.5
893.3
554.0
66.4
163.9
68.6
892.8
551.9
67.5
161.7
70.5
911.9
-
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores
53
531
533
539
2.653.0
2.327.0
132.6
193.4
2,674.1
2,351.7
133.0
189.4
2.866.9
2.510.0
139.7
217.2
2.763.3
2,427.1
134.2
202.0
2,750.6
2,416.4
-
2.462.9
2,184.0
112.6
166.3
2,483.7
2,208.1
112.9
162.7
2,653.9
2,347.7
117.7
188.5
2,551.5
2,265.6
112.5
173.4
Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
542
545
546
3.437.7
3.023.4
46.4
13.2
200.3
3,430.3
3.016.3
46.6
13.5
200.3
3.516.0
3.075.2
48.8
15.0
213.0
3,501.1
3.056.3
48.0
14.8
215.6
3.488.4
3,109.2
2,756.2
175.1
3,184.7
2,807.1
186.6
3,168.9
2,788.4
-
3,118.7
2,765.2
175.2
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
55
551
2,281.1
1.048.0
2.292.8
1.051.5
2,309.9
1,055.1
2.310.0
1,056.5
2,321.0
1,059.6
1,909.7
878.7
1,919.4
881.6
1,920.9
883.3
1,919.9
884.9
_
_
-
2,209
222.4
—
175.9
178.2
755.0
_
—
82.1
107.0
131.4
_
125.1
432.1
-
2.694
263.8
151.6
211.0
222.0
899.3
283.0
56.6
102.1
102.9
146.4
158.8
65.1
93.7
155.1
100.5
54.6
534.3
167.3
72
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
-
2,679
261.2
150.1
210.3
219.9
899.9
282.6
56.8
105.3
102.4
146.5
158.0
64.5
93.5
154.3
99.9
54.4
526.3
161.4
See footnotes at end of table.
Mar.
1998P
-
187.6
_
-
_
-
—
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
308.2
576.8
7.9
311.9
575.3
8.0
309.2
578.4
8.3
306.7
576.0
8.3
1,060.8
880.1
62.8
237.7
286.0
154.3
883.2
62.9
237.7
287.5
156.5
931.1
63.1
241.3
323.8
159.1
888.8
61.1
234.0
301.5
153.5
1,070.5
546.1
327.2
68.8
455.6
206.3
85.9
1,067.2
833.1
426.3
831.4
427.6
889.2
447.5
879.7
444.0
58.0
348.8
160.9
65.9
57.2
346.6
158.0
66.5
56.6
385.1
174.8
73.9
56.0
379.7
172.4
71.6
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
553
554
559
383.3
667.1
9.3
386.3
665.8
400.7
665.6
10.1
398.9
662.6
56
561
562
565
1,068.1
78.8
287.8
329.4
197.7
1.071.1
78.9
287.1
199.3
1,113.3
77.9
289.9
362.5
202.4
1,068.2
75.4
281.5
340.3
195.2
1,014.7
527.2
314.7
71.0
416.5
188.8
81.5
1,079.3
549.4
327.3
69.6
460.3
208.3
88.2
566
9.5
331.0
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
10.2
Feb.
1998P
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores ...
Radio, television, and electronic stores .
Record and prerecorded tape stores
5712
572
573
5731
5735
1,017.4
525.7
313.3
71.8
419.9
191.8
81.1
Eating and drinking places
58
7,298.2
7,386.1
7,362.0
7,442.6
7,522.2
6,560.2
6,646.3
6,602.2
6,684.7
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands .
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee
59
2,762.6
620.0
591
110.6
592
110.2
593
973.0
594
187.8
5941
124.5
5942
88.2
5943
145.3
5944
204.3
5947
5949
52.6
333.9
596
212.6
5961
67.5
5962
104.1
598
510.8
599
168.7
5992.3.4
69.4
5995
272.7
5999
2,736.3
620.7
109.7
110.5
964.0
188.2
121.9
87.1
142.5
204.3
51.6
332.8
210.8
67.4
102.2
496.4
150.5
70.1
275.8
2.914.8
648.8
113.1
118.5
2.875.7
643.6
111.2
118.8
1,010.2
202.3
130.9
91.1
149.0
210.2
51.1
351.4
227.9
66.6
103.7
536.8
178.1
76.4
282.3
2,841.7
2,300.2
512.1
2,277.7
513.5
2,435.9
543.5
2.400.2
540.3
91.7
813.9
91.7
806.4
98.1
888.3
99.1
842.8
282.1
281.9
305.6
297.6
86.5
423.7
84.7
410.1
88.0
420.2
86.4
443.9
58.1
219.0
58.7
222.7
61.3
229.0
61.8
226.2
6.924
6,951
7,132
7,178
5,045
5,063
5,202
5,221
1,458.2
1,045.6
422.7
622.9
1,460.9
1,047.8
424.1
623.7
1,479.2
1,477.4
1,062.8
439.7
623.1
1,060.6
437.4
623.2
132.4
133.0
137.6
138.3
378.9
113.7
381.3
114.2
391.5
107.5
393.0
104.6
76.4
76.4
84.8
85.9
57
571
Finance, insurance, and real estate3
1,056.7
209.9
138.5
92.3
158.6
217.1
52.1
361.3
237.6
66.4
105.2
511.2
153.6
75.1
282.5
7.115
3,347
Finance
3,359
3,500
2,056.7
1.494.7
611.9
882.8
251.0
142.1
108.9
174.4
2,062.6
1,497.8
576.6
2.026.2
1.472.4
591.0
881.4
253.6
143.0
110.6
167.2
2.030.3
1,476.0
593.2
882.8
253.5
143.0
110.5
167.6
61
614
615
616
531.7
162.1
108.9
239.1
535.4
162.5
110.0
241.3
563.5
170.8
117.8
253.1
568.3
170.5
117.4
258.5
62
621
574.0
433.1
576.7
436.2
616.6
462.9
619.9
464.8
622.3
628
24.6
116.3
24.8
115.7
26.0
127.7
26.1
129.0
67
671
214.6
108.5
216.1
109.0
233.4
114.8
235.2
115.0
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee.
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal ...
Credit unions
60
602
6022
6021.9
603
6035
6036
606
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers .
Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exhanges
Security and commodity services
Holding and other investment offices
Holding offices
See footnotes at end of table.
3,480
3,472
2,058.7
1.497.8
613.7
884.1
252.0
142.9
109.1
173.5
73
251.8
265.6
624.9
235.5
Mar.
1998P
5,263
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry-—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
63.64
2.213
2.215
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance
63
631
632
6324
633
636
1.499.0
504.0
331.4
270.3
528.4
68.5
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
64
65
651
653
655
Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Insurance
Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdivides and developers
Services
Production workers1
All employees
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
2,252
2,257
2,266
1.498.3
502.9
330.4
269.2
529.4
68.7
1,523.6
509.1
339.0
278.0
530.5
73.3
1.525.4
507.7
339.9
278.7
531.0
74.7
1,535.3
1,077.4
333.4
271.9
224.5
364.0
1,077.1
330.4
270.4
223.0
367.9
1,135.2
335.2
274.8
229.0
408.8
1,143.8
335.9
275.5
229.3
414.1
713.7
717.0
728.1
731.2
730.5
1,364
570.3
655.5
105.5
1.377
570.6
664.6
108.9
1,391
571.0
676.1
108.1
1,395
571.5
678.7
108.4
1,412
34.653
34.990
35.616
36.056
36.369
30.245
30,559
30,997
31,423
575.8
183.8
342.8
572.9
184.4
339.5
608.3
451.2
149.0
263.1
482.6
149.0
293.5
474.3
154.2
279.0
471.4
154.7
275.7
1,416.3
1,431.1
1,420.1
1,435.2
376.9
378.2
384.6
382.5
361.8
363.0
356.2
360.8
214.0
202.7
191.7
217.2
6,492.8
180.3
6,607.2
180.3
6,865.4
185.2
6,925.0
185.3
65.6
790.2
65.8
724.4
187.2
31.2
36.3
119.7
65.6
795.6
67.8
727.8
190.4
30.9
36.5
123.0
67.7
800.9
69.4
731.5
192.5
30.8
36.0
125.7
68.3
805.6
69.6
736.0
192.3
30.6
36.0
125.7
2,203.1 2.279.9 2,309.4
1.022.3 1.036.2 1,146.5
248.7
245.0
284.2
2,338.9
1,162.9
289.0
Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
07
074
078
546.2
177.5
321.3
580.0
177.2
354.1
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels
70
701
1.658.7
1,613.7
1.676.5
1,630.3
1.663.4 1.680.2
1,622.2 1,637.6
1.697.3
Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services
72
721
722
723
726
1,265.7
429.5
74.3
405.6
96.6
242.9
1,257.1
430.5
74.7
407.6
97.2
230.5
1.231.4
436.3
1,263.6
434.3
63.6
407.9
98.6
243.4
1,262.3
Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photofinishing laboratories
73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342
7,338.8
248.6
7,459.1
248.8
7,840.8
257.0
7,938.1
166.6
167.2
128.7
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384
289.7
211.1
153.0
242.8
71.8
54.3
1.660.6
547.7
55.3
70.4
71.0
7,778.5
256.9
170.8
130.7
322.4
79.5
898.6
86.5
812.1
244.4
41.4
42.8
160.2
2.723.4
340.2
2.383.2
1.438.1
333.0
242.0
169.5
264.1
80.3
55.3
1,764.0
586.7
59.0
78.5
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
75
751
7514
752
753
7532.4
7538
1,116.1
197.2
128.9
68.6
618.4
216.5
261.1
1.125.4
199.8
131.2
68.1
622.0
217.6
261.4
1.148.0
208.9
140.3
70.3
627.6
220.1
265.6
1.152.6
210.8
141.9
70.2
627.2
220.9
264.1
729
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
736
7361
7363
737
127.8
307.4
77.0
886.4
82.8
803.6
234.7
39.5
43.1
152.1
2.590.8
317.0
2,273.8
1.282.5
310.1
77.2
890.8
84.9
805.9
238.8
39.7
43.6
155.5
2,676.2
326.6
2,349.6
1.298.1
293.8
212.6
154.7
246.2
72.7
54.6
1.667.6
550.7
55.8
See footnotes at end of table.
74
63.1
402.0
97.6
216.6
170.8
130.8
326.2
80.4
903.4
86.8
816.6
244.8
913.5
41.6
42.8
160.4
2,755.5 2,809.0
340.1
2,415.4
1,454.6
338.0
245.0
2,465.9
1,475.0
171.8
108.0
109.5
118.8
121.3
266.8
80.0
55.4
1.768.5
585.1
58.2
77.6
52.4
39.0
1,447.3
506.7
47.0
53.2
39.0
1,450.4
56.4
38.0
1,534.2
508.8
47.6
541.2
48.9
55.7
37.8
1,539.3
539.6
49.2
919.3
161.7
107.8
60.5
497.2
177.4
210.1
928.6
164.3
109.8
60.1
501.4
178.7
210.8
936.9
170.1
116.0
61.4
499.1
179.7
208.5
939.5
172.2
117.6
61.3
497.2
180.3
206.2
1,156.9
Mar.
1998P
31,701
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
SIC
Industry
uooe
Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes
754
7542
Production workers1
All employees
1987
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
231.9
129.9
235.5
131.3
241.2
128.6
Feb.
1998P
244.4
131.8
Mar.
1998P
-
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
199.9
115.3
202.8
116.6
206.3
113.9
Feb.
1998P
208.8
116.9
Mar.
1998P
-
Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops
76
762
374.0
113.3
377.5
114.3
385.6
117.4
386.8
117.1
388.3
-
305.3
-
308.7
-
314.7
-
315.8
-
_
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental
78
781
783
784
529.7
231.5
116.5
158.1
532.8
232.1
117.3
159.8
557.5
243.5
118.7
172.1
563.6
253.1
117.3
170.6
561.5
_
-
440.8
191.4
_
127.5
444.3
193.3
128.5
464.4
203.0
138.6
474.1
215.5
137.7
_
_
-
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
1,314.1
84.1
955.9
162.7
262.4
1,372.8
84.5
1.010.6
165.6
280.4
1,366.6
79.7
1.006.5
173.6
283.2
1,414.3
80.6
1.042.8
177.9
287.4
1.471.1
_
-
1,135.8
75.8
826.4
144.8
223.6
1,190.3
76.2
876.3
147.4
240.4
1,167.5
71.3
862.9
154.4
241.4
1,212.0
72.0
896.5
157.6
245.3
_
-
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services
80
801
802
804
8041,2
805
8051
8052
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808
9.575.2
1,714.3
617.4
418.0
162.3
1,745.1
1.301.8
212.5
230.8
3.841.5
3,544.8
85.8
210.9
202.0
671.7
9.603 7
1.716.1
619.1
419.9
163.1
1,749.4
1,304.5
212.9
232.0
3,851.1
3.553.3
86.2
211.6
203.8
677.0
9,776.4
1.780.6
625.5
439.9
166.9
1.760.2
1.310.8
213.1
236.3
3.919.5
3,616.3
85.6
217.6
208.5
671.0
9.789.6
1,784.5
626.1
441.9
166.8
1,761.9
1,312.5
213.1
236.3
3.926.4
3.622.7
85.6
218.1
208.7
666.2
9.810.9
1.786.2
—
1,764.4
8,482.2
1,405.3
540.2
347.4
1.570.6
8,507.3
1,406.4
542.5
348.2
1,574.1
8,663.5
1,465.6
545.4
364.6
1,582.7
8,675.2
1,469.9
546.6
365.7
1,584.8
_
191.8
3.526.0
-
191.2
3,592.2
—
-
667.3
191.6
3,517.4
_
_
618.4
619.1
191.5
3,597.7
614.4
_
-
Legal services
81
938.3
942.9
970.7
974.6
978.3
748.8
752.3
773.5
776.9
-
Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools
82
821
822
824
2.167.8
613.4
1,298.6
83.8
2,178.0
614.6
1.305.7
83.8
2,084.4
618.5
1,200.8
87.7
2,263.2
627.6
1.359.4
91.0
2,272.7
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee
83
832
833
835
836
839
2.438.9
656.8
310.9
590.0
683.0
198.2
2,459.0
661.4
314.5
595.5
688.4
199.2
2,511.5
670.3
319.9
609.3
712.4
199.6
2,531.7
678.4
321.9
613.7
716.6
201.1
2,555.7
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
84
79.1
81.4
80.8
81.6
3,935.3
-
_
-
-
_
-
_
—
_
621.2
723.6
-
? 115.8
570.0
266.2
521.9
591.8
165.9
2,135.9
574.6
269.7
528.2
597.2
166.2
2,172.8
579.3
273.8
539.2
617.6
162.9
2,191.6
587.2
275.7
543.0
621.6
164.1
_
_
-
84.3
-
-
-
-
-
42.1
43.4
_
43.8
_
-
-
-
-
2,256.1
702.0
543.7
112.5
45.8
436.1
2,357.3
734.1
568.7
118.6
46.8
444.4
2,391.1
733.5
567.9
118.8
46.8
467.0
Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations
86
861
862
863
864
2.169.0
105.8
58.2
139.2
431.9
2.178.3
106.6
58.6
144.4
434.2
2,176.2
106.6
60.1
137.3
438.3
2.194.9
107.4
60.4
139.9
451.4
2.204.9
_
-
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
2,926.9
850.6
652.9
143.1
54.6
603.5
2,950.1
857.7
657.4
144.2
56.1
607.3
3,093.0
896.5
686.4
152.3
57.8
629.8
3,128.9
897.1
686.4
152.9
57.8
651.3
3,162.0
904.6
_
_
—
2,238.0
695.4
539.3
111.7
44.4
434.7
75
_
-
_
_
-
-
_
41.9
_
-
See footnotes at end of table.
_
623.6
-
_
_
_
_
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
559.9
208.6
124.1
138.9
912.9
317.5
320.5
38.2
563.3
208.2
126.5
140.5
921.8
322.2
324.8
39.2
573.5
213.0
129.6
142.0
993.2
341.8
359.4
42.8
576.5
211.6
133.6
143.0
1,004.0
344.5
364.4
43.2
46.8
47.6
48.8
49.0
48.4
19,836
19,950
19,699
20,102
20,207
2,700
2,700
2,654
2,661
2,663
Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
2,639.4
707.9
851.1
1.080.4
31.1
29.2
2,639.5
705.5
850.3
1,083.7
31.2
29.3
2,593.0
673.5
854.4
1.065.1
30.9
30.2
Federal Government, except Postal Service
1,848.6
1.849.7
1,799.7
1,808.0
1,810.4
3731
50.0
22.2
50.0
22.2
46.4
21.7
45.9
21.8
806
21.7
354.4
222.2
21.6
354.4
222.2
18.9
350.5
218.6
18.9
350.3
218.6
806
82
4,725
370.6
2,050.0
4,748
370.3
2.069.3
4,600
370.6
1.920.3
4,761
370.4
2,076.4
2,099.3
1,815.9
2,675.0
1,818.6
2,679.0
1,821.8
2.679.9
1,826.2
2,684.2
2,689.4
12.411
449.2
668.7
7,174.1
12,502
449.9
671.0
7,237.6
12.445
451.5
684.1
7,121.3
12.680
451.5
687.3
7,338.4
7,396.6
3.653.2
5.237.0
3.672.0
5.264.2
3.699.6
5,323.6
3.710.1
5,342.0
5,358.5
Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
Services, nee
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
89
Government
Federal Government
4
4
Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
State government, except education
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government, except education
806
82
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million
or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
3
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
1.011.1
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
425.8
144.1
102.1
108.0
682.1
233.7
240.7
24.7
428.6
143.8
104.3
109.0
689.4
238.8
243.5
25.3
437.8
147.8
107.2
110.9
741.0
253.0
267.0
29.1
441.1
146.7
111.1
111.8
749.5
255.4
270.9
29.1
37.0
37.7
38.3
38.6
Mar.
1998P
4,789
12,755
employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and the National
Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
~ Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to revision.
76
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
Nov.
1997
Dec.
1997
Jan.
1998
59.241
57.984
60,517
60,744
59,449
48.165
47.140
49,177
49,434
48,375
6,622
6.555
6,722
6,709
6,647
77
77
79
79
79
611
599
645
641
629
5,934
5,879
5,998
5,989
5,939
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing
,
2.857
137
159
101
101
323
461
683
372
349
171
2.845
135
158
101
101
321
463
678
372
348
168
2,940
141
162
103
104
330
482
698
399
351
171
2,946
140
163
102
104
331
484
701
401
351
169
2,939
139
163
103
104
331
486
699
397
352
166
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3.077
553
14
288
624
164
697
325
24
336
52
3.034
538
14
285
613
163
689
324
24
334
50
3.058
566
14
281
589
166
703
326
25
342
47
3,043
555
14
281
584
165
706
326
25
342
46
3,000
542
15
276
572
163
699
323
52.619
51.429
53,795
54,035
52,802
Transportation and public utilities
1.932
1.921
1.963
1.966
1.939
Wholesale trade
2.039
2.019
2,077
2,079
2,064
12,022
11.347
12,077
12.308
11,629
4,387
4.370
4,477
4,495
4,487
Services
21.163
20,928
21,861
21,877
21,609
Government
Federal
State
Local
11,076
1,174
2,387
7.515
10,844
1,143
2.318
7.383
11,340
1,141
2,470
7.729
11,310
1,164
2,440
7,706
11,074
1,129
2,367
7,578
Industry
Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing
Retail trade
,
Finance, insurance, and real estate
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
23
341
45
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to
revision.
77
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Mining
Total
Cor-si'uctior
State and area
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
1,836.0
455.5
169.6
214.5
154.8
77.5
1,861.0
464.5
173.4
218.9
155.3
79.1
1,865.5
464.6
174.5
220.5
155.4
80.3
10.4
3.3
9.9
3.0
9.9
3.0
92.7
25.3
5.7
16.1
8.2
5.6
93.4
27.3
5.5
16.0
7.7
5.4
94.6
27.4
5.6
16.5
7.7
5.5
253.2
118.4
252.8
121.2
260.0
121.9
9.1
2.3
9.6
2.4
9.9
2.5
9.4
5.0
9.5
5.3
9.7
5.2
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
1,954.2
2,017.8
1,362.6
312.2
1,421.4
316.6
2,048.4
1,443.4
322.3
13.9
6.5
2.3
14.1
6.5
2.3
13.9
6.5
2.3
125.7
90.8
18.6
130.6
94.1
20.2
130.0
94.0
20.3
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
1,079.3
135.6
93.8
296.8
35.4
1,094.0
136.0
1,102.6
137.8
3.4
3.5
95.0
302.1
35.2
95.8
303.5
35.3
.9
43.4
5.5
3.9
43.9
5.2
4.1
13.5
.9
44.5
5.4
4.2
13.6
.9
12,852.6
176.5
267.2
13,345.8
181.8
272.9
29.0
29.0
3,820.8
126.1
928.9
13,248.5
181.2
271.4
3,893.9
132.1
956.9
1,198.8
827.0
609.3
114.2
1,247.7
860.8
625.7
117.2
10.9
.5
5.6
2
)
2.3
.9
1,026.6
962.5
899.6
148.3
159.9
161.4
144.6
238.1
1,059.4
988.2
940.4
150.8
165.7
164.4
150.7
245.7
1,255.5
866.6
628.8
117.1
1,067.1
989.0
948.2
151.1
166.4
164.8
152.3
245.8
10.5
.5
5.7
2
)
2.3
.9
1.3
.2
.1
.4
.6
.1
1.2
.5
.1
.5
10.5
555.2
8 1
13.4
110.5
6.6
49.1
59 6
52.8
31.0
4.6
53.0
34.9
39.3
6.3
8.4
6.9
10.0
10.6
557.1
7.9
13.4
111.1
6.9
48.5
59.7
53.0
31.2
4.7
53.4
35.1
39.1
6.3
8.3
6.8
10.0
10.1
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
1,931.9
152.7
210.6
1,027.2
1,999.3
159.0
213.2
2,012.6
161.5
213.7
1,060.4
1,064.2
6.9
107.2
5.9
11.6
56.7
118.3
6.1
12.2
61.9
120.2
6.4
12.3
63.2
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
1,579.6
179.2
82.9
587.0
245.5
131.8
194.8
83.8
1,612.8
182.2
85.9
590.1
245.9
135.7
202.8
87.4
1,620.2
182.1
85.2
594.6
247.6
135.8
202.6
.6
48.4
5.1
3.0
17.0
8.1
3.9
5.2
2.7
52.8
5.7
3.3
17.8
8.3
4.4
5.3
3.0
52.7
5.7
3.3
17.7
8.5
4.4
5.2
3.0
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
373.9
50.3
292.4
385.8
52.7
303.2
387.5
52.6
305.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
20.6
2.1
15.6
21.4
2.1
16.1
20.6
2.1
15.8
District of Columbia
Washington PMSA
612.9
2,429.2
601.7
2,471.0
605.9
2,479.2
.1
1.0
.1
1.0
.1
1.0
8.8
117.8
8.4
122 1
8.5
120.7
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
6,347.0
150.2
620.6
151.6
110.3
505.4
168.3
174.5
955.9
778.7
147.5
242.8
147.1
1,050.3
435.1
6.553.9
152.3
638.9
153.9
114.0
528.5
171.8
179.5
970.2
812.8
151.3
260.8
147.9
1,088.5
452.2
6,611.5
155.4
643.6
155.0
114.1
530.0
173.4
180.7
974.2
818.9
151.7
263.4
149.3
6.6
6.5
6.6
.1
.1
.1
3.1
2.9
3.0
323.7
7.4
33.4
12.0
4.2
27.2
8.5
.3
.3
.3
336.7
7.8
32 9
12.9
4.3
28.8
83
9.1
33 8
44.7
10.8
12.7
5.7
53.0
25 4
339.5
7.8
33.7
12.8
4.4
28.8
8.6
9.3
33.7
44.9
10.9
12.7
5.7
53.7
25.2
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Feb.
1998P
3,927.8
132.0
960.9
1.099.4
456.7
See footnotes at end of table.
78
Feb.
1997
1
Feb.
1998P
3.5
)
1
Feb.
1997
)
.9
.9
t 11 )
1.7
1.1
.2
.1
.4
.5
.1
1.1
.4
.1
.4
1.5
6.6
13.5
.9
28.8
10.8
.5
5.6
2
)
2.3
.9
1.1
.2
.1
.4
.5
.1
1.0
.4
.1
.5
1.5
6.7
()
(M
(M
1
)
510.9
7.9
12.1
106.8
6.0
47.5
53.8
46.4
29.2
4.1
48.5
33.0
34.0
6.3
8.1
6.8
9.3
9.3
33.4
41.3
10.3
12.0
6.0
49.2
23.8
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade
Transportation s nd
public utilities
Manufacturing
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998^
378.9
51.8
38.6
27.2
17.7
11.0
379.6
50.5
40.3
27.9
17.7
12.0
378.9
50.8
40.3
27.9
17.6
12.2
90.0
30.0
3.7
13.2
6.3
2.3
90.8
30.1
3.6
13.3
6.3
2.5
90.9
30.0
3.6
13.4
6.3
2.4
416.6
109.7
34.0
55.6
36.5
18.1
425.3
112.9
34.5
57.3
36.3
17.9
423.9
112.3
34.3
57.0
36.3
17.8
14.9
1.9
11.3
1.9
15.5
1.9
21.8
11.4
22.5
12.0
22.9
12.0
50.8
29.0
52.5
29.8
52.2
29.6
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
202.9
157.2
28.1
213.8
167.1
28.5
214.4
167.8
28.6
93.3
68.0
13.2
96.1
71.8
12.9
96.3
72.0
13.1
478.1
335.6
68.5
495.7
352.1
69.6
497.1
353.2
70.2
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
250.9
33.9
27.2
33.2
8.1
253.9
33.4
27.0
33.3
8.1
254.5
33.7
27.1
33.4
8.1
63.8
9.2
6.4
20.5
1.7
66.4
9.3
6.7
21.0
1.8
66.5
9.3
6.7
21.2
1.8
243.7
37.0
19.4
68.5
7.1
247.0
38.3
19.6
69.3
7.0
246.1
38.0
19.4
68.8
7.0
1,867.1
9.9
29.2
653.6
23.9
117.5
216.6
102.5
43.4
9.6
119.8
75.7
249.9
16.7
24.1
21.7
16.6
31.5
1,922.1
10.1
28.8
670.7
24.9
120.4
227.0
107.8
46.8
8.6
123.6
76.8
259.4
17.0
25.8
21.9
17.8
33.4
1,931.5
10.1
28.9
676.7
24.8
121.2
228.6
108.9
47.0
8.7
124.0
76.5
260.5
17.0
26.0
22.0
18.0
33.9
644.2
9.4
13.4
207.6
5.2
60.1
43.4
41.3
23.9
5.2
40.0
77.8
26.6
5.0
5.8
11.2
5.6
9.2
666.8
10.3
14.1
213.7
5.5
60.7
46.0
44.1
25.0
5.4
41.3
79.5
28.3
5.7
6.4
10.5
6.0
9.8
668.5
10.4
14.1
214.2
5.5
60.6
46.2
44.3
25.0
5.5
41.4
79.7
28.5
5.6
6.5
10.4
6.0
9.9
2,971.6
42.0
65.4
842.7
32.3
208.1
300.9
213.9
132.4
29.7
235.1
201.3
178.2
35.5
40.1
38.3
37.7
58.7
3,069.5
43.0
66.7
863.4
34.1
216.0
314.7
222.7
136.4
31.5
242.2
206.7
187.6
35.8
42.1
39.8
39.0
59.8
3,068.8
42.7
66.3
863.7
33.7
214.3
315.0
223.1
136.1
30.8
241.9
205 3
188.1
35.5
41.4
39.6
39.3
59.7
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
199.5
30.7
25.5
91.5
207.2
32.6
27.3
94.2
207.6
32.7
27.4
93.8
121.8
3.5
11.7
84.7
122.2
3.8
11.8
85.0
122.5
4.0
12.0
85.1
468.9
33.4
46.9
249.6
487.7
34.3
48.3
258.7
487.6
33.9
47.8
258.7
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
273.8
39.4
18.6
91.7
39.1
24.8
28.3
18.5
276.8
39.7
18.9
93.8
39.1
24.5
27.2
19.3
276.7
39.7
18.7
93.9
38.9
24.5
27.2
19.2
73.5
6.9
2.5
26.9
15.7
6.2
9.8
3.6
75.1
7.1
2.4
27.0
15.8
6.3
10.0
3.6
75.3
7.0
2.4
27.1
15.9
6.3
10.0
3.5
341.4
40.2
21.2
122.2
50.6
25.8
43.7
16.8
356.1
41.2
22.0
123.0
52.2
27.0
45.9
19.0
351.4
40.5
21.2
121.6
51.7
26.7
45.0
18.5
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
56.3
6.0
42.0
56.3
6.0
42.8
57.0
6.0
43.2
15.4
1.6
13.3
15.4
1.9
13.7
15.6
1.9
13.9
81.2
12.6
59.6
83.7
12.6
61.3
83.3
12.6
61.1
District of Columbia
Washington PMSA
12.8
97.2
12.6
100.1
12.6
100.2
17.5
110.5
17.3
110.8
17.0
110.3
48.1
461.2
47.5
467.4
47.3
464.3
490.2
14.0
40.5
6.8
5.5
36.3
21.1
26.7
76.2
52.2
11.5
20.5
5.2
87.2
30.9
492.2
14.6
40.4
6.8
5.3
38.2
20.9
28.0
73.6
53.4
10.9
21.0
5.0
87.0
31.0
493.0
14.6
40.6
6.7
5.5
38.3
20.8
28.1
73.3
53.4
10.7
21.3
5.2
87.4
31.3
322.7
4.1
32.2
6.9
2.3
35.8
8.6
5.0
82.4
40.0
7.1
5.2
3.9
45.6
16.0
333.6
4.4
31.5
7.2
2.6
37.1
9.0
5.3
83.7
41.5
7.4
5.3
4.2
48.4
16.5
335.4
4.5
31.6
7.2
2.6
37.2
9.1
5.5
84.3
41.7
7.4
5.3
4.2
48.9
16.6
1,639.1
42.7
176.8
44.1
23.0
123.9
48.0
41.0
251.2
194.7
37.5
59.2
29.4
257.7
114.2
1,679.0
42.6
181.4
44.5
23.9
129.9
49.4
41.8
257.0
203.1
38.3
61.5
29.9
260.2
117.5
1,690.5
43.8
181.8
44.7
24.1
129.8
50.1
42.3
258.4
202.8
38.5
62.0
30.0
262.2
118.8
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
See footnotes at end of table.
79
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
82.7
33.5
4.6
9.7
9.2
2.4
84.7
34.8
4.7
10.0
9.3
2.5
85.0
34.6
4.8
10.1
9.2
2.6
416.2
132.2
44.3
58.2
40.1
13.4
429.4
137.7
45.7
60.0
41.3
13.3
432.4
138.2
46.5
60.7
41.7
13.6
348.5
69.7
38.7
34.5
36.8
22.0
347.9
68.2
39.1
34.4
36.7
22.8
349.9
68.3
39 4
34.9
36.6
23 5
Alaska
Anchorage
11.5
6.9
11.8
7.1
11.8
7.1
61.4
33.8
62.8
34.5
63.8
35.0
74.3
28.1
72.8
28.2
74.2
28.6
122 8
103.3
11.6
130.6
111.3
12.2
131 8
112.4
12.3
587.5
424.5
98.3
611.7
445.6
99.8
623.8
455.2
101.1
330 0
176.7
71.6
325 2
172.9
71.1
341 1
182.3
74 4
43.2
4.8
3.1
17.1
1.3
44.0
4.8
3.0
17.3
1.3
44.1
4.8
3.0
17.3
1.3
245.8
26.0
23.0
84.8
8.3
251.3
26.5
24.1
88.4
8.4
255.5
26.7
24.6
89.2
8.4
185.1
19.2
9.9
59.2
8.0
184.0
18.5
9.6
59.3
7.7
187.9
19.9
9.9
60.0
7.8
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oranoe Countv
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton- Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
742.0
6.5
136
217.4
4.3
52.8
89.6
29.8
39.9
5.9
59.5
100.4
30.0
7.1
9.2
8.4
5.9
12.1
761.8
7.0
13.5
220.6
4.4
55.3
93.0
30.8
42.5
5.6
61.8
102.9
30.8
7.4
9.5
8.6
6.2
13.7
766.8
7.1
135
222.3
4.4
55.4
93.4
31.0
42.6
5.7
62.3
103.2
31.0
7.4
9.5
8.7
6.2
13.9
3,934.4
41.8
67.4
1,246.6
31.1
269.2
359.7
218.8
170.9
31.9
329.4
349.5
292.1
45.5
45.8
40.1
38.1
70.3
4,088.4
42.3
69.3
1,269.7
32.0
283.6
371.9
228.5
174.6
32.9
342.4
365.8
306.4
46.5
47.8
41.6
40.0
73.5
4,142.7
43.2
70.4
1,289.4
32.2
286.9
374.6
231.0
176.3
33.0
347.0
367.4
311.6
47.1
48.1
42.0
40.6
73.5
2,153.4
48.5
65.6
540.4
23.3
171.4
133.9
173.0
169.4
27.7
193.9
124.2
88.7
31.0
26.3
34.8
30.9
44.1
2,155.7
49.5
65 1
539.7
24.6
169.5
134.6
173.0
169.2
28.5
194.7
121.1
88.5
31.0
25.3
35.0
31.3
43.4
2,181.6
49.6
65 8
544.8
24.5
171.7
137.1
174.2
170.4
28.6
196.7
121.3
89.3
31.2
26.2
35.2
31.7
43.3
Colorado
Boulder- Lonamont
Colorado SDrinos
Denver
123.8
5.3
11.3
81.1
130.4
5.4
11.6
85.5
130.5
5.5
11.7
85.6
580.5
47.7
68.9
312.0
605.8
51.3
67.5
323.7
608.3
52.0
67.5
324.2
316.7
26.2
34.7
144.7
313.8
25.5
34.5
144.8
321.8
27.0
35.0
146.9
Connecticut
Bridoeoort
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
128.8
102
4.3
67.8
13.0
3.5
22.6
4.2
133.0
10.4
4.7
68.6
12.7
3.7
25.4
4.3
133.0
10.4
4.7
67.6
12.9
3.7
25.8
4.2
482.5
56.7
23.4
167.3
87.5
32.7
67.9
25.5
495.5
57.0
24.7
168.8
87.3
33.7
71.2
25 9
499.9
57.6
24.6
170.2
88.6
33.9
71.4
26.0
230.6
20.7
9.9
94.1
31.5
34.9
17.3
12.5
222.8
21.1
9.9
91.1
30.5
36.1
17.8
12.3
230.5
21.2
10.3
96.5
31.1
36.3
18.0
12.2
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
45.0
2.1
39.2
48.0
2.5
41.9
48.4
2.5
42.4
102.2
11.3
84.3
107.8
12.2
89.0
108.9
12.3
89.8
53.1
14.6
38.2
53.1
15.4
38.2
53.6
15.2
38 8
District of Columbia
Washington PMSA
28.1
132.8
28.7
133.2
28.3
133.1
263.7
921.1
259.6
950.9
265.7
960.9
233.8
587.6
227.5
585.5
226.4
588.7
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tamna-St Pstprsburo-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
400.7
6.4
43.5
8.7
5.0
52.0
7.8
6.0
67.1
45.1
59
11.3
5.5
74.2
29.5
417.7
6.5
45.6
9.2
5.2
53.0
7.9
6.0
68.0
47.5
6.1
11.6
5.7
78.0
31.1
419.8
6.6
45.9
9.2
5.2
52.9
7.9
5.9
68.3
47.7
6.2
11.7
5.8
78.6
31.3
2,209.2
52.5
210.1
47.9
31.5
162.2
45.8
61.9
308.6
320.4
45.9
111.1
38.0
401.8
165.9
2.323.5
52.5
221 8
48.0
32.9
172.5
47.6
64.1
316.1
336.4
48.6
125.4
38.5
427.9
176.1
2,356.7
54.1
224.4
48.7
33.3
173.8
48.0
64.3
319.3
341.2
48.7
127.0
39.0
433.0
178.0
954.8
23.1
84.0
25.1
38.8
67.6
25.4
24.6
136.7
84.6
29.0
23.4
58.9
134.2
54.8
964.7
23.9
85.2
25.2
39.8
68.6
25.8
25.2
137.7
85.8
28.9
23.2
58.7
133.6
54.6
970.0
24.0
85.5
25.6
39.0
68.8
25.9
25.3
136.6
86.8
29.1
23.3
59 2
135.2
55.5
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
See footnotes at end of table.
80
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
3,539.1
58.7
70.9
1,914.5
190.8
113.5
146.0
129.3
3,655.5
59.4
72.9
1,985.9
193.6
115.9
150.2
133.1
3,673.7
59.2
73.5
1,999.0
193.5
116.1
150.6
133.0
Hawaii
Honolulu
533.5
404.7
527.3
399.1
Idaho
Boise City
490.4
186.7
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island ...
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Feb.
1998P
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1997
7.7
(2)
(1)
8.1
(2)
1.6
.4
1
(M
1.7
.4
( )
1.3
(1)
(1)
530.8
402.1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
503.2
195.5
504.1
195.6
(1)
5,624.8
78.1
96.7
3,932.0
172.4
55.5
41.9
164.6
173.3
109.4
5,728.9
79.7
93.3
4,001.5
178.8
56.1
43.0
169.7
175.6
111.9
5,749.1
80.7
97.9
4,012.9
178.4
56.2
42.8
170.0
176.3
111.8
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
2,802.2
64.4
114.3
150.1
262.3
259.2
809.1
51.2
92.2
59.7
130.7
67.6
2,829.7
64.8
114.2
151.9
266.9
261.1
830.1
51.6
92.2
58.7
132.8
67.9
2,849.4
65.5
115.5
152.6
268.1
261.2
836.3
51.8
94.3
59.8
133.2
67.9
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
1,363.9
108.8
263.4
49.7
63.5
63.2
69.9
1,398.1
114.4
267.5
51.0
66.1
64.6
71.6
1,399.8
114.2
267.4
51.6
66.7
64.8
72.1
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
1,233.4
45.1
98.5
266.4
1,273.1
46.7
97.6
277.5
1,283.5
47.8
98.2
279.2
(M 1.4
1.5
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
1,668.7
262.3
534.5
42.1
1.704 1
270.1
552.4
43.1
1711.6
272.7
552.1
43.5
22.9
.2
.5
.3
22.4
.3
.5
.3
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
1,811.2
52.6
277.7
70.7
155.5
84.8
67.0
604.2
167.0
1,8538
53.7
282.7
74.8
161.0
84.7
68.4
615.8
172.0
1.865.0
54.0
286.5
75.7
162.5
85.7
68.8
616.9
172.6
50.9
.1
.8
6.6
13.9
1.4
.2
15.2
2.5
55.6
.1
1.0
7.6
15.6
1.4
.2
14.8
2.4
528.9
39.9
136.1
538.7
41 2
139 9
543.0
40.8
138.8
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.
81
2.9
11.4
(1)
(1)
1.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
2.9
(M
(1)
193.8
2.1
2.7
135.5
7.7
2.9
1.7
6.3
5.6
4.2
209.8
2.3
2.9
142.8
8.5
3.3
1.7
7.0
5.8
4.4
209.3
2.3
2.9
142.5
8.5
3.3
1.6
6.9
5.7
4.3
6.3
123.6
2.5
3.8
8.4
11.2
15.9
40.2
1.8
3.3
2.1
6.7
2.6
127.5
3.0
4.6
8.8
11.9
15.9
45.8
2.1
3.6
2.1
7.1
2.6
127.3
3.0
4.5
8.7
12.0
15.9
45.9
2.1
3.6
2.2
7.0
2.6
1 7
47.1
4.5
10.1
1.3
1.9
2.8
2.1
50.5
6.2
10.2
1.6
1.9
3.2
2.5
49.6
5.8
9.8
1.6
2.0
3.2
2.5
8.3
1.5
51.4
1.7
3.9
12.7
53.8
2.0
3.9
13.0
55.2
1.9
4.0
13.2
22.5
.2
.5
.3
73.3
12.1
26.4
3.0
77.0
12.7
28.6
3.4
76.5
12.6
27.7
3.3
55.8
.1
1.0
7.7
15.7
1.4
.2
15.1
2.4
112.0
3.0
30.4
3.1
8.1
10.6
3.2
28.8
9.2
114.9
3.1
31.8
3.7
9.5
9.8
3.4
31.0
9.7
116.2
3.2
32.3
3.8
9.6
10.0
34
31.2
98
.1
19.9
1.5
5.7
21.2
1.6
6.7
20.4
1.5
6.3
6.4
(1)
(1)
1.3
.7
(M
(1)
(M
(1)
.3
1.3
(1)
(1)
.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.3
1.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(')
(M
8.2
(1)
(1)
.1
(2)
(2)
21.6
16.6
10.9
(1)
(1)
1.4
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
)
21.8
16.9
11.0
(1)
(1)
1.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
8.1
(
22.3
17.3
29.1
12.2
.7
)
)
)
)
)
)
173.3
3.6
2.5
97.3
11.1
5.4
6.5
7.4
29.1
12.6
1.7
(
(
(
(
(
(
171.4
3.6
2.5
96.7
10.8
5.3
6.5
7.6
27.0
12.3
(1)
(1)
.3
159.9
3.4
2.4
89.0
11.2
5.2
6.2
7.0
3.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
Feb.
1998P
(1)
1.3
(M
(1)
Jan.
1998
(1)
6.2
(1)
(1)
1.3
C)
(11)
()
(M
(11)
( )
(M
(1)
1.7
.4
1
( )
1.1
8.2
(2)
(1)
1
( )
Feb.
1997
Feb.
1998P
(1)
(1)
.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
585.8
9.0
11.5
217.1
41.1
21.8
20.1
17.2
588.6
8.9
11.5
220.4
42.0
21.6
20.4
18.2
587.7
8.7
11.5
220.5
41.7
21.8
20.4
18.3
224.3
2.9
1.8
160.3
6.3
4.0
5.3
9.4
234.6
3.1
1.8
167.4
6.7
4.2
5.3
9.6
235.5
3.1
1.8
168.3
6.7
4.2
5.3
9.4
887.7
13.6
17.9
507.2
41.1
25.3
33.8
32.2
921.7
14.0
17.9
525.8
41.9
26.2
34.2
33.8
918.9
14.1
18.1
524.4
41.9
26.0
34.1
33.4
Hawaii
Honolulu
16.6
12.7
16.3
12.5
16.3
12.6
41.4
33.5
41.1
33.1
41.2
33.3
134.5
99.9
133.7
99.2
133.5
98.7
Idaho
Boise City
72.9
33.8
76.0
36.2
76.2
36.2
23.4
9.2
24.5
9.8
24.2
9.8
124.1
45.2
127.1
46.4
126.3
47.1
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
965.3
8.7
11.7
651.9
29.6
13.4
8.1
31.7
52.8
4.3
976.0
8.9
11.8
658.6
31.2
13.5
8.3
32.5
53.2
4.6
976.8
8.8
11.7
659.0
31.1
13.5
8.3
32.4
53.2
4.6
333.6
2.9
2.5
245.3
9.1
5.0
2.0
9.2
9.1
4.8
339.7
2.8
2.7
250.7
9.5
4.9
2.1
9.6
9.2
4.8
339.1
2.8
2.6
250.3
9.5
4.9
2.0
9.6
9.1
4.8
1,288.5
16.9
21.4
894.5
45.8
12.2
10.5
39.9
36.6
23.2
1,324.4
16.9
21.2
919.6
46.7
12.3
11.0
41.4
37.3
24.0
1,309.7
16.9
21.4
908.7
46.1
12.1
10.8
41.2
37.1
23.6
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
673.1
9.7
57.0
32.1
74.6
50.3
127.2
21.3
22.3
11.2
21.9
11.7
675.0
10.4
57.7
31.6
75.3
49.6
128.1
20.7
21.9
10.3
22.4
11.9
677.5
10.3
58.6
31.6
75.8
49.5
128.6
20.8
22.0
10.3
22.2
12.0
138.2
1.8
3.0
7.1
12.4
15.8
49.6
1.2
2.2
3.1
5.6
3.1
139.4
1.7
2.7
6.9
12.6
15.3
51.1
1.2
2.2
3.3
5.5
2.7
139.5
1.8
2.7
7.0
12.6
15.0
51.4
1.2
2.2
3.4
5.6
2.8
662.8
14.5
21.7
37.3
62.3
61.3
210.3
10.8
18.9
13.4
33.7
19.1
668.4
15.2
21.5
38.2
64.0
62.8
215.3
11.0
18.8
13.5
33.4
19.1
666.1
15.3
21.6
38.3
63.6
62.1
215.0
10.8
18.9
13.4
33.2
18.8
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
248.1
21.0
24.4
11.8
4.8
12.6
14.5
255.6
22.1
25.0
11.8
4.9
13.1
14.8
255.3
22.2
25.0
11.7
4.9
13.1
15.0
63.6
7.8
13.3
2.1
2.2
3.9
2.3
66.3
7.8
13.3
2.0
2.2
3.7
2.3
66.4
7.8
13.3
2.1
2.2
3.7
2.3
332.3
24.3
69.2
11.8
12.4
15.4
16.2
340.5
25.8
70.1
12.2
12.9
15.6
16.4
336.4
25.7
69.2
12.0
12.9
15.4
16.3
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
201.5
5.3
9.9
66.4
209.0
5.3
9.7
72.6
209.5
5.4
9.8
72.8
70.8
1.2
6.3
10.5
72.5
1.3
6.1
10.8
72.5
1.3
6.1
10.9
299.5
11.5
21.3
60.5
312.1
11.7
21.0
61.6
312.0
11.7
21.1
61.5
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
310.9
44.6
87.3
7.0
317.2
48.0
89.4
7.0
317.3
48.1
89.4
7.1
95.2
10.5
39.6
2.2
98.9
10.8
42.2
2.2
98.4
10.8
41.7
2.3
397.2
58.8
131.3
10.6
407.9
61.5
135.8
11.0
406.3
61.0
135.2
10.9
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
186.3
3.4
24.2
6.4
16.1
11.7
7.9
47.4
19.5
188.6
3.6
24.8
7.3
14.4
11.7
8.0
48.9
19.3
188.2
3.5
24.8
7.3
14.5
11.8
8.1
48.7
19.3
108.0
2.6
12.2
7.6
9.4
4.1
3.7
41.8
8.1
111.3
2.6
12.4
7.9
10.1
4.2
3.7
42.4
8.4
111.9
2.6
12.5
7.8
10.1
4.4
3.7
42.5
8.5
419.8
11.9
63.8
16.7
39.8
17.6
16.6
149.0
38.0
430.6
12.3
67.0
17.1
41.5
18.0
17.0
149.4
39.6
431.0
12.3
66.8
17.2
41.9
18.0
17.0
149.1
39.6
85.9
7.6
15.1
87.1
7.7
15.2
87.1
7.8
15.0
22.5
1.6
6.3
22.9
1.6
6.4
23.2
1.6
6.3
127.3
9.8
37.6
133.5
10.5
41.3
130.3
10.1
40.0
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.
82
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
182.6
2.2
2.2
124.1
6.0
7.9
8.2
4.4
191.1
2.1
2.2
130.6
6.1
8.1
8.9
4.4
191.2
2.1
2.2
131.0
6.1
8.2
8.9
4.4
914.5
14.8
14.7
559.8
44.9
28.7
38.2
38.0
954.8
15.1
15.0
587.0
45.9
29.9
40.4
38.7
970.0
150
15.1
597.1
45.9
30.0
40.8
39.2
576.6
128
20.4
255.4
39.8
20.6
33.1
21 1
585.2
12.6
22.0
256.3
39.8
20.6
33.2
20.8
588.9
12.6
22.3
258.7
39.7
20.5
33.3
20.9
Hawaii
Honolulu
36.3
29.2
35.4
28.3
35.3
28.2
168.8
120.4
167.9
119.9
169.3
121.1
113.6
91.7
111.1
89.2
113.6
91.6
Idaho
Boise City
24.8
10.7
25.6
11.4
25.8
11.5
116.1
45.9
118.6
48.7
118.5
48.4
99.2
29.6
99.4
30.4
101.0
30.4
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island ....
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
390.9
13.6
3.5
305.6
7.9
2.0
1.7
7.7
7.4
7.7
403.8
14.4
3.7
313.8
8.3
2.0
1.7
7.9
7.6
7.9
404.4
14.5
3.7
314.6
8.2
2.0
1.7
7.9
7.5
7.8
1,627.4
18.9
20.5
1,208.1
45.6
13.4
11.1
51.1
44.5
31.4
1,675.7
19.9
21.0
1,239.7
47.2
13.5
11.2
52.6
45.5
32.6
1,684.8
20.1
21.3
1,248.9
47.4
13.6
11.2
52.9
46.2
32.9
813.9
15.0
34.4
489.7
26.7
6.6
6.8
18.7
17.3
33.8
788.5
14.5
30.0
474.9
27.4
6.6
7.0
18.7
17.0
33.6
814.1
15.3
34.3
487.5
27.6
6.8
7.2
19.1
17.5
33.8
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
135.3
2.4
2.9
7.2
14.6
9.2
59.9
1.5
3.7
1.7
6.5
2.3
138.8
2.0
3.2
7.4
14.6
9.4
64.2
1.5
3.9
1.8
6.3
2.3
139.1
2.1
3.2
7.4
14.6
9.4
64.3
1.5
4.0
1.8
6.4
2.2
661.4
12.4
18.4
41.6
60.2
69.8
215.9
7.7
16.8
15.4
42.8
16.5
683.0
12.3
17.7
43.0
60.8
71.3
222.7
8.4
18.9
16.3
44.2
16.9
690.6
12.4
17.8
43.5
61.3
71.9
224.9
8.5
19.1
16.6
44.6
17.0
401.6
21.1
7.5
15.1
27.0
36.9
105.3
6.9
25.0
12.8
13.5
12.0
391.2
20.2
6.8
14.7
27.7
36.8
102.2
6.7
22.9
11.4
13.9
12.1
403.0
20.6
7.1
14.8
28.2
37.4
105.4
6.9
24.5
12.1
14.2
12.2
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
77.4
5.6
36.4
1.6
1.8
2.5
3.3
80.6
6.3
38.0
1.8
1.9
2.6
3.3
80.4
6.2
38.1
1.8
2.0
2.6
3.2
358.0
34.4
74.7
17.3
13.3
18.5
18.6
366.3
35.2
77.3
17.8
13.9
18.8
19.5
370.3
35.2
77.7
18.6
14.1
19.1
19.7
235.7
11.2
35.3
3.8
27.1
7.5
12.9
236.6
11.0
33.6
3.8
28.4
7.6
12.8
239.7
11.3
34.3
3.8
28.6
7.7
13.1
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
60.0
1.9
6.8
10.7
60.5
2.0
6.8
11.0
60.5
2.0
6.9
11.0
303.3
10.4
27.4
70.7
320.2
11.3
27.9
73.5
323.4
11.7
28.1
74.3
238.8
13.1
22.9
33.5
236.8
13.1
22.2
33.5
242.1
13.8
22.2
34.0
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
67.3
9.8
28.5
1.7
69.9
10.3
28.8
1.7
70.1
10.2
28.9
1.8
407.4
69.6
152.3
10.2
421.2
71.7
157.3
10.4
425.6
72.8
158.9
10.4
294.5
56.7
68.6
7.1
289.6
54.8
69.8
7.1
294.9
57.0
69.8
7.4
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
84.1
2.3
16.9
2.2
5.9
2.6
4.7
31.4
6.6
86.2
2.2
17.7
2.3
6.3
2.6
5.0
31.4
6.6
86.3
2.2
17.7
2.3
6.3
2.6
5.1
31.4
6.6
486.3
16.1
70.8
15.1
39.2
23.6
17.7
186.6
50.5
504.9
16.8
73.0
15.8
40.5
24.2
18.4
190.6
53.3
507.1
16.8
73.3
16.0
40.7
24.4
18.4
191.5
53.4
363.8
13.2
58.6
13.0
23.1
13.2
13.0
104 0
32.6
361.7
13.0
55.0
13.1
23.1
12.8
12.7
107.3
32.7
368.5
13.3
58.1
13.6
23.7
13.1
12.9
107.4
33.0
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
27.7
2.1
12.2
29.0
2.2
12.5
29.5
2.2
12.6
149.9
12.4
40.9
153.8
12.8
40.3
156.4
12.7
40.3
95.6
4.9
18.3
91.1
4.8
17.5
96.0
4.9
18.3
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
See footnotes at end of table
83
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Mining
Total
Construction
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
2,198.5
1,136.4
396.9
809.0
2,231.3
1,154.0
399.8
827.7
2.240.7
1,160.1
402.4
831.6
1.2
.2
1.2
.2
1.2
.2
128.4
60.4
11.8
55.4
132.0
62 6
12.5
58 0
130.7
61.5
12.2
57.6
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth .
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster.
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
3,033.8
49.4
1,867.5
92.6
50.3
145.0
111.6
61.6
40.0
246.3
217.7
3,123.6
52.4
1,917.5
95.1
52.9
149.3
118.6
64.0
41.7
250.8
223.9
3.137.5
52.0
1.921.8
95.9
52.7
149.6
118.5
63.9
41.4
253.7
223.6
1.1
1.3
1.2
.3
.4
.4
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
85.6
2.3
48.5
2.9
1.4
4.9
4.3
1.9
1.1
6.1
6.0
95 5
2.5
54.4
3.1
1.6
5.1
4.3
1.9
1.4
66
6.4
93.6
2.5
53.7
3.1
1.5
4.7
4.3
1.9
1.3
6.4
6.1
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
4,355.1
263.4
69.3
2,046.1
178.6
537.1
59.4
206.1
231.4
173.6
4.433.6
267.3
69.9
2,085.9
179.6
554.5
60.0
207.3
228.9
177.9
4,463.8
271.0
70.1
2,099.0
180.5
556.4
60.3
208.9
232.7
177.5
7.1
7.1
.7
.8
151.4
8.6
2.0
66.9
6.1
21.6
1.9
7.0
7.5
8.1
166.3
9.3
2.2
74.2
6.9
22.5
2.0
7.6
7.9
8.4
164.2
9.1
2.1
74.0
6.7
22.5
2.0
7.4
8.0
8.2
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul.
Rochester
St. Cloud
2,415.2
107.1
1,572.0
70.8
82.7
2,469.1
109.0
1,607.4
73.5
84.4
2,477.5
109.4
1,612.3
73.6
85.2
7.1
4.9
7.1
4.9
7.0
4.9
73.9
3.0
48.1
2.3
3.0
81 1
3.4
52 9
26
3.3
79.9
3.3
52.3
2.6
3.2
Mississippi .
Jackson ...
1,085.8
217.0
1,107.0
221.7
1,110.3
222.9
5.5
5.9
6.0
46.3
10.8
49.8
11.3
50.2
11.3
2,572.2
892.5
1,265.4
155.7
2.600.4
927.8
1,275.6
159.3
2,629.2
933.9
1,284.7
161.3
4.5
109.7
40.6
60.0
6.3
113.3
43 8
61.9
6 1
116.6
44.8
63 9
6.3
Montana .
352.0
358.8
361.2
5.0
Nebraska ....
Lincoln
Omaha
831.6
142.3
386.4
860.3
143.3
402.3
866.5
144.9
405.2
1.0
Nevada
Las Vegas.
Reno
867.8
618.3
171.9
897.4
641.6
175.2
904.2
646.2
177.2
14.7
2.2
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester.
551.3
94.3
88.4
110.5
564.5
96.7
91.6
110.7
565.0
96.7
92.2
112.0
3,622.4
166.7
621.6
459.0
236.4
591.8
344.6
929.6
194.0
56.3
3,701.5
169.6
637.6
468.4
236.6
615.2
349.2
948.1
195.9
58.1
3,714.2
171.2
633.9
470.2
237.6
616.2
351.1
948.6
196.5
58.9
694.6
326.7
50.3
70.1
700.7
329.5
51.4
69.5
708.5
332.9
51.5
70.7
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
".
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bhdgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.
84
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1997
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
( )
(1 )
()
(J)
(M
1
)
( )
( )
1
4.9
4.9
13.4
156
15.5
1.1
1.2
32.0
5.4
15.7
37.9
6.2
18.4
38.0
6.4
18.5
13.9
2.1
.6
13.6
2.1
77.1
61.6
11.0
81.8
65.4
11.3
82.4
65.7
11.5
17.8
3.7
2.5
2.9
20.2
4.4
2.9
29
19.5
4.2
2.8
2.9
114.7
6.3
19.4
19.0
3.8
16.6
15.4
27.5
3.9
1.7
122.2
6.5
20.5
20.2
4.3
17.4
16.0
29.4
44
1.8
120.4
6.5
19.5
20.3
4.4
17.3
16.2
28.8
4.4
1.6
40.2
21.3
3.1
3.2
39.5
20.5
2.9
3.4
39.9
20.7
3.0
3.4
(M
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
< >
1
1
1
1.7
1.7
1.6
.5
.4
.4
.6
.7
.7
.3
.3
.3
15.4
15.4
(M
(!)
(M
1
(
Feb.
1998P
1
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
175.1
100.9
32.3
37.8
175.1
98.8
29.8
38.9
176.7
100.1
31.4
38.8
105.3
57.4
19.5
33.6
104.5
58.3
20.2
33.5
105.0
59.2
20.4
33.4
518.8
261.1
62.8
194.5
530.4
267.2
62.4
194.4
525.7
266.4
59.5
193.6
Massachusetts
Bamstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
442.2
1.9
219.2
10.6
13.6
37.7
28.1
13.4
7.4
38.8
40.9
454.6
2.1
225.6
10.6
13.8
39.1
29.8
13.8
7.4
39.2
42.6
454.7
2.1
225.6
10.5
13.8
39.3
29.9
13.9
7.4
39.1
42.4
129.9
2.7
80.8
5.0
2.0
4.9
6.5
2.9
1.2
9.8
93
135.4
2.8
83.3
4.9
2.1
5.0
7.1
3.5
1.2
10.2
9.5
135.4
2.8
83.5
4.8
2.1
4.9
6.9
3.5
1.2
10.1
9.5
682.6
15.6
402.8
30.3
11.9
33.3
23.5
15.6
9.9
56.9
47.9
715.0
17.1
417.2
31.5
12.3
34.1
25.1
16.0
10.4
57.5
50.5
709.1
16.7
413.5
31.2
12.1
33.7
25.4
15.7
10.2
57.5
49.6
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
966.0
52.5
19.8
445.9
41.9
152.8
12.9
49.0
29.9
38.9
973.5
53.2
20.0
445.8
40.7
156.9
13.0
49.2
28.9
40.0
974.8
53.7
19.9
448.0
40.5
156.6
13.0
49.5
28.9
39.8
169.6
6.3
2.9
93.0
5.3
18.3
3.4
6.9
6.1
7.1
172.1
6.4
2.9
94.8
5.4
18.7
3.4
7.0
6.1
7.2
172.3
6.4
2.9
95.3
5.4
18.9
3.4
7.0
6.0
7.2
1,008.5
52.0
15.0
474.5
43.9
131.1
15.1
44.6
50.1
43.0
1,036.7
54.1
15.3
490.6
45.5
137.1
15.5
45.5
51.8
45.3
1.031.7
53.5
15.2
488.3
44.9
137.1
15.4
45 2
51.5
44 3
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
423.4
8.3
270.0
10.9
15.0
434.4
8.4
272.5
12.5
15.5
432.7
8.5
270.4
12.6
15.8
121.3
6.5
87.1
2.1
3.0
124.6
6.9
88.7
2.1
3.0
124.6
6.7
88.8
2.2
3.0
580.0
26.3
374.8
14.1
24.9
595.9
27.5
385.5
14.5
25.6
592.0
27.2
383.2
14.3
254
Mississippi
Jackson
239.9
20.5
240.7
20.8
241.3
20.4
52.1
15.2
53.5
15.9
53.4
15.8
230.5
52.2
235.6
53.8
234.2
53.5
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
416.4
106.5
195.5
23.5
421.3
107.6
196.6
23.9
420.6
108.0
196.1
23.7
162.4
73.0
82.0
10.3
164.4
77.8
81.6
10.2
164.5
78.3
82.2
10.3
602.2
218.2
297.4
43.6
612.3
228.2
304.4
44.2
609.7
227.0
301.4
43.9
Montana
23.3
24.2
24.1
20.7
21.2
21.2
94.4
95.8
95.6
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
114.7
16.8
39.7
117.5
17.7
39.9
118.1
17.6
40.0
51.2
9.0
26.6
54.5
9.5
28.4
54.5
9.6
28.5
203.5
30.4
91.8
212.6
30.1
96.8
211.7
29.9
96.8
39.5
21.4
13.2
41.6
22.3
13.7
41.8
22.4
13.8
43.3
30.8
10.9
46.4
33.4
11.3
46.5
33.4
11.3
173.5
124.9
39.0
182.0
131.0
40.7
182.1
131.4
40.6
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
105.6
14.0
27.4
19.1
108.7
14.0
27.9
20.1
108.6
14.0
28.0
20.1
19.1
5.5
2.1
3.8
19.5
5.9
2.4
4.0
19.3
6.0
2.3
4.0
140.9
22.9
21.5
28.4
147.3
23.8
22.8
29.0
145.1
23.3
22.5
289
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ....
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
475.4
6.2
105.3
54.4
27.6
91.3
20.8
133.4
19.8
12.4
479.4
6.5
105.4
55.1
27.0
93.7
20.2
136.0
19.3
12.5
479.4
6.7
105.2
55.4
27.0
92.6
20.4
135.9
19.2
13.1
254.0
6.8
33.4
22.1
28.0
50.7
20.3
79.3
7.3
2.9
259.2
7.0
36.2
21.8
28.6
51.5
20.5
81.2
7.2
2.9
260.6
7.2
36.0
21.7
28.6
51.6
20.5
80.4
7.1
3.0
842.3
31.0
172.3
121.8
55.4
138.9
92.8
184.1
31.7
10.9
867.4
32.5
175.8
124.2
54.7
145.6
95.8
189.3
33.2
11.5
862.8
32.4
173.6
.124.2
54.5
142.9
95.1
188.9
33.0
11.3
44.9
28.5
2.7
2.1
45.9
30.0
2.7
2.0
45.8
29.6
2.6
2.0
31.7
15.5
1.7
1.2
32.5
15.6
1.8
1.1
32.7
15.9
1.8
1.1
163.3
78.8
10.3
' 14.6
166.1
79.5
11.1
146
165.5
79.4
11.1
14.5
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.
85
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998?
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
129.2
71.8
33.5
49.0
130.2
72.2
33.5
48.9
130.5
72.7
33.6
49.3
722.0
373.8
150.0
274.1
741.7
385.6
152.3
285.5
748.1
387.8
156.5
287.0
418.5
210.8
87.0
164.6
416.2
209.1
89.1
168.5
422.8
212.2
88.8
171.9
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
210.7
3.1
157.0
3.2
1.5
4.6
3.7
1.8
1.9
12.6
14.8
214.6
3.0
159.9
3.3
1.6
4.4
3.9
1.8
2.0
12.9
14.9
214.3
3.0
159.8
3.3
1.6
4.4
3.8
1.8
1.9
12.9
14.9
1,076.4
16.5
731.4
24.5
12.2
41.1
30.5
16.2
13.5
76.3
65.1
1,101.0
17.5
748.5
25.1
13.3
43.3
32.9
17.2
13.9
78.6
64.9
1,116.1
17.5
755.7
26.5
13.3
43.8
32.5
17.2
13.9
80.6
65.7
405.1
7.3
227.5
16.1
7.7
18.5
15.0
9.8
4.9
45.7
33.5
406.2
7.4
228.2
16.6
8.2
18.3
15.5
9.8
5.3
45.7
34.9
413.1
7.4
229.6
16.5
8.3
18.8
15.7
9.9
5.4
47.0
352
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
204.4
9.6
2.5
111.7
6.3
21.6
1.9
10.8
13.5
6.8
206.1
9.9
2.4
112.5
6.4
22.5
1.9
10.9
13.8
6.9
206.6
10.0
2.4
112.5
6.4
22.5
1.9
10.9
13.9
6.8
1,179.8
62.6
18.3
620.5
49.6
136.6
13.9
52.2
55.7
47.0
1,219.2
64.2
18.6
638.0
50.0
141.4
14.3
52.8
56.2
48.0
1,230.8
65.1
18.7
644.6
51.1
142.4
14.3
53.2
56.9
48.4
668.4
71.8
8.7
232.9
25.4
55.0
10.3
35.7
68.6
22.7
652.7
70.2
8.4
229.1
24.8
55.4
10.0
34.3
64.2
22.2
676.3
73.3
8.8
235 3
25.5
56.4
10.4
35.7
67.6
228
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
143.7
3.3
112.8
2.2
2.9
148.0
3.4
115.4
2.3
3.0
148.7
3.4
115.4
2.3
3.0
678.7
30.6
456.5
31.9
20.6
695.3
31.6
467.8
32.5
21.1
703.5
31.8
473.4
32.5
21.5
387.1
24.2
222.3
7.3
13.3
382.7
22.9
224.2
7.0
12.9
389.1
23.6
228.4
7.1
13.3
41.2
15.2
40.9
16.0
41.1
16.2
250.0
57.0
259.7
58.0
261.6
59.3
220.3
45.4
220.9
44.9
222.5
45.4
151.5
63.0
78.4
6.8
154.6
66.1
80.0
7.0
154.6
66.4
80.3
7.0
710.0
260.0
393.4
45.6
719.3
270.2
397.5
49.0
732.0
272.3
403.5
49.7
415.5
131.2
158.7
19.6
410.6
134.1
153.6
18.9
426 5
137.1
157.3
20.4
Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
Montana
16.0
16.5
16.6
100.1
103.2
104.7
79.1
77.4
78.6
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
53.8
8.9
32.7
55.8
9.6
35.8
56.4
9.6
36.2
223.2
36.2
129.0
229.7
36.1
131.4
232.6
36.7
133.0
152.2
35.6
50.9
151.2
34.1
51.6
154.0
35.1
52 2
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
39.1
29.8
7.8
41.2
31.0
8.3
41.4
31.2
8.3
374.4
281.8
66.3
383.1
288.3
66.9
385.4
290.3
67.4
106.2
65.8
23.1
107.4
68.1
22.4
111.0
69.7
23.7
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
28.8
7.4
4.2
6.1
29.2
7.2
4.2
6.2
29.0
7.2
4.2
6.2
158.0
30.1
22.2
28.1
162.1
30.1
23.4
28.2
162.8
30.7
23.7
28.4
80.7
10.7
8.5
22.1
77.2
11.3
8.0
20.3
80 3
11.3
8.7
21.5
234.6
6.0
33.7
21.9
25.5
44.2
17.7
70.7
11.1
3.2
239.9
6.2
34.1
22.9
26.3
44.9
17.5
72.7
11.4
3.0
240.2
6.2
34.3
22.8
26.3
44.7
17.4
71.8
11.4
3.0
1,127.5
82.1
186.2
140.3
57.3
171.6
114.9
289.7
68.0
12.1
1,166.3
83.0
193.9
144.6
57.8
185.6
116.6
298.4
68.6
12.4
1,174.6
83.5
193.0
145.5
58.9
188.0
118.1
299.2
69.8
12.8
572.2
28.3
71.3
79.5
38.8
78.0
62.7
144.3
52.2
12.8
565.4
27.9
71.7
79.6
37.9
76.1
62.6
140.4
51.8
13.7
574.6
28.7
72 3
80.3
37.9
78 7
634
i42.9
51.6
138
31.1
16.7
2.0
3.2
31.1
16.4
2.0
3.2
31.2
16.5
2.0
3.2
190.5
101.9
10.5
20.4
195.2
104.1
11.0
20.5
196.8
105.2
11.0
20.9
177.5
64.0
20.0
25.4
175.0
63.4
19.9
24.7
181 3
65.6
20.0
25 6
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.
86
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Construction
Mining
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
NewYork
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Bingharnton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
NewYork PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
7,853.4
422.9
110.2
532.3
104.7
42.0
47.4
1,084.5
3,846.6
3,352.0
117.1
518.6
98.2
328.7
124.0
377.0
7,925.7
422.8
112.0
532.1
104.6
42.3
47.5
1,105.8
3,892.5
3,393.0
117.2
516.8
99.5
329.1
125.7
379.9
7,973.3
427.1
112.8
534.6
105.6
42.2
47.9
1,107.6
3,915.6
3,414.6
117.6
520.5
99.4
331.7
125.7
381.4
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
3,577.8
105.0
739.2
622.2
598.2
3,680.3
107.7
763.0
635.7
625.4
3,703.6
108.1
764.7
636.7
628.7
306.1
47.4
93.1
47.3
311.3
48.3
97.3
47.3
313.6
48.4
98.2
48.1
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
5,254.7
316.2
176.9
821.0
1,107.4
794.5
467.3
116.1
75.2
78.1
47.2
311.5
240.2
5,336.5
320.0
180.1
841.5
1,132.5
817.3
472.1
116.7
78.0
78.9
49.9
314.3
245.0
5,352.7
320.4
181.6
845.5
1,137.4
820.1
473.8
118.3
78.0
78.8
49.9
314.6
245.5
12.9
.4
.5
.7
.9
.6
.4
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
.4
.2
.5
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,363.1
24.0
37.1
492.4
364.9
1,391.2
25.1
36.4
496.7
377.2
1,402.1
25.3
36.5
501.2
380.2
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford- Ash land
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
1,483.5
134.2
65.6
894.1
128.1
1,521.8
135.7
68.2
922.7
129.0
Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
5,294.8
261.4
56.8
126.8
344.7
86.0
207.6
2,220.4
663.5
1,052.0
161.7
269.9
46.6
66.3
51.9
160.8
5,353.8
262.5
57.7
128.2
349.8
87.5
212.1
2,239.2
662.7
1.060.3
164.1
271.1
46.9
66 0
52 3
164 1
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
,
Jan.
1998
3.7
.3
Feb.
1997
Feb.
1998P
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
226.0
11.9
2.9
16.4
3.6
1.3
1.6
42.6
105.8
85.6
3.6
14.1
3.2
10.2
2.4
15.4
234.3
12.4
3.1
16.5
3.7
1.4
1.6
45.7
109.1
88.1
3.8
13.9
3.5
10.8
2.8
15.8
232.3
12.0
3.0
16.3
3.8
1.3
1.6
45.5
109.7
89.0
3.8
13.6
3.4
10.3
2.6
15.6
4.0
193.8
5.6
44.3
29.2
32.1
203.2
5.6
47.2
31.4
35.1
202.2
5.5
47.2
31.4
35.0
3.9
4.0
( ! )
( 1 )
(! )
10.8
2.0
4.1
1.8
12.3
2.1
4.5
2.4
12.1
2.1
4.5
2.4
13.1
.4
5
.7
.9
.7
.4
4
.1
5
12.9
.4
.5
.7
.7
.7
.4
1
( )
1
( )
f '}
.4
.1
.5
191.1
10.9
7.1
35.1
37.1
30.6
15.1
6.0
3.1
2.2
1.4
13.0
8.2
199.0
11.8
8.0
37.6
40.0
33.4
16.3
6.4
3.7
2.3
1.5
13.3
9.1
199.2
11.5
7.9
37.5
397
33.4
16.2
6.6
3.7
2.2
1.5
13.1
8.9
31.6
1.1
.1
6.9
7.7
31.7
1.2
.1
7.3
7.5
31.7
1.2
.1
7.3
7.5
48.8
1.0
1.2
18.3
14.0
49.5
1.1
.9
17.8
15.1
50.5
1.1
.9
18.1
16.0
1,532.3
137.2
68.2
929.0
129.7
1.7
.2
.1
1.0
.2
1.8
.2
.1
1.8
.2
.1
1.1
1.1
74.2
6.5
2.9
49.6
7.0
77.4
6.9
3.1
50.2
7.5
77.8
7.0
3.2
50.7
74
5,386.0
264.5
57.8
128.3
349.9
87.2
214.1
2,246.3
669.9
1,060.9
164.6
272.6
47.6
69.0
53.0
164.1
19.3
(1 )
(!)
(!)
(! )
(!)
.4
(!)
(!)
4.2
(1 )
.4
(1 )
185.9
9.3
2.1
3.7
11.6
3.9
11.4
78.2
10.0
42.9
6.3
8.8
1.2
1.9
1.9
7.4
197.7
9.2
2.1
3.7
12.3
4.1
11.8
84.9
10.4
43.9
6.8
9.4
1.3
2.3
1.9
7.7
192.9
9 1
2 1
37
11 7
4.0
11.8
832
10 1
44.2
6.9
9.7
1 2
22
1.9
77
See footnotes at end of table.
Feb.
1997
87
(! )
33
.3
(|)
(M
j )
( )
( )
( ! )
( ! )
( 1 )
( ! )
( ! )
(
1
(
1
)
)
.3
(1 )
.3
(!)
.3
(
(
1
3.9
4.0
/
1
y.
(!)
(1 )
(!)
(!)
( 1 )
/ 1 v
( ! )
3.8
(!)
(1 )
(! )
(!)
(1 )
(!)
(M
(1)
(1 )
(1 )
.2
.2
19.8
19.3
(!)
(!)
( !)
(1 )
(M
( 1 )
(M
( ! )
.4
( 1 )
(1 )
.3
( 1 )
(
4.6
( ! )
.3
(1 )
1
( )
( 1 )
.4
3
(!)
( ! )
(1 )
( !)
)
)
1
(1)
(!)
(!)
(!)
(1 )
(!)
.3
(!)
.4
( 1! )
( )
(1 )
(! )
1 x
( ' )
( 1)
(!)
( 1 )
(1)
1
1
1
3.6
.3
/
.4
1
)
4.6
(! )
.3
( 1 )
1
( )
( 1 )
.4
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
908.4
38.1
24.2
88.8
17.2
9.6
8.4
111.4
311.6
259.3
11.8
126.4
11.9
48.3
19.6
38.6
907.1
38.7
24.8
89.5
18.0
9.7
8.5
112.0
306.4
254.0
11.2
125.3
12.3
48.9
19.5
38.2
910.4
38.7
24.6
89.6
18.1
9.7
8.5
112.3
311.2
258.7
11.2
124.4
12.3
49.0
19.5
38.2
404.0
16.9
4.9
24.8
3.6
1.5
1.4
50.7
231.7
205.6
6.6
16.5
6.1
19.0
3.9
19.3
405.2
16.9
4.7
24.6
3.4
1.5
1.4
52.1
232.1
205.5
6.8
16.7
6.4
19.7
3.6
19.6
405.7
16.9
4.7
24.7
3.4
1.5
1.4
52.3
233.0
206.3
6.9
16.7
6.4
19.7
3.6
19.6
1,587.1
88.6
23.2
127.2
19.8
10.2
10.6
277.1
672.2
563.8
31.5
107.6
21.7
75.6
25.5
82.5
1,625.7
91.0
24.0
128 1
19.7
10.3
10.8
287.0
690.3
579.7
32.3
110.5
22.3
77.5
25.8
84.2
1,609.4
89.5
23.8
126.7
19.4
10.1
10.7
281.5
686.0
576.9
32.0
109.0
21.8
76.6
25.3
83.2
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
833.4
20.0
144.1
164.9
81.3
831.0
19.8
143.9
164.4
84.9
830.1
19.7
144.0
164.8
84.7
167.8
4.5
53.3
33.2
25.6
169.5
4.5
52.8
31.8
27.4
169.7
4.5
52.8
31.8
27.6
810.5
25.8
178.5
139.8
126.1
830.8
26.6
186.2
142.0
132.3
833.7
26.6
186.3
142.2
132.5
22.3
2.5
7.7
3.7
23.6
2.6
8.1
3.5
23.5
2.5
8.2
3.6
18.2
3.1
5.3
2.2
18.2
3.1
5.2
2.4
18.1
3.1
5.2
2.4
78.8
11.7
26.7
12.9
80.1
12.1
27.4
12.8
79.9
12.0
27.5
12.8
1,081.5
64.5
45.9
138.5
221.5
92.1
99.5
21.2
19.6
22.7
11.4
60.7
58.5
1,090.9
64.0
46.6
140.5
221.0
94.0
100.1
20.7
19.6
22.7
13.7
61.4
59.4
1,091.5
64.3
46.9
140.6
224.3
93.7
99.8
20.7
19.5
22.8
13.9
60.8
59.0
229.0
14.2
5.1
43.8
44.2
35.8
20.2
4.7
2.9
3.5
2.7
13.9
10.2
231.5
14.6
5.2
43.8
45.2
35.7
20.7
4.7
3.1
3.3
2.6
14.5
10.3
231.5
14.5
5.2
43.9
45.0
35.9
20.7
4.7
3.1
3.3
2.6
14.6
10.5
1,271.8
78.0
44.0
212.9
261.8
208.0
107.2
31.7
17.5
17.5
10.6
77.2
60.5
1.295.5
79.4
45.5
216.4
270.7
214.8
110.0
31.6
18.4
18.5
10.3
78.2
61.8
1,285.9
79.3
45.3
214.9
268.4
213.8
109.3
31.5
18.4
18.3
10.2
77.4
61.6
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
177.9
2.1
3.7
52.4
56.1
183.6
2.3
3.5
55.0
57.2
183.8
2.4
3.5
54.9
57.0
77.2
2.0
1.7
24.1
28.6
80.3
2.0
1.7
24.6
30.0
80.6
2.0
1.7
24.9
30.2
315.7
5.8
8.8
116.4
86.1
322.1
6.1
8.7
118.2
87.0
321.4
6.1
87
117.8
86.8
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
235.4
20.4
9.0
143.3
16.6
240.8
20.9
9.0
149.5
16.4
241.7
21.1
8.8
150.2
16.5
73.3
4.5
3.2
51.5
3.4
74.1
4.6
3.3
53.4
3.4
73.6
4.5
3.4
53.2
3.4
362.9
33.2
18.7
221.2
27.1
376.4
34.4
20.2
230.2
27.7
376.2
34.3
19.5
230.7
27.5
Pennsylvania
926.2
56.7
10.0
33.4
44.9
12.7
56.5
303.5
59.4
134.0
44.2
54.8
10.9
8.5
13.0
47.6
936.3
56.4
10.2
34.2
45.6
12.7
56.5
302.5
57.5
138.4
43.7
53.9
11.3
8.6
13.1
48.1
935.2
56.1
10.0
34.0
45.5
12.6
56.5
302.0
57.1
138.6
43.4
53.8
11.2
8.6
13.3
47.8
276.0
15.3
4.3
4.8
22.8
5.1
8.3
106.8
33.7
65.7
7.7
15.1
1.9
2.1
1.9
7.5
279.3
15.2
4.4
4.7
23.2
5.1
8.5
108.8
34.0
65.5
7.9
15.6
1.9
2.1
1.8
7.6
279.4
15.4
4.3
4.7
23.1
5.1
8.5
108.8
33.8
65.4
7.9
15.5
1.9
2.0
1.9
7.7
1,184.5
55.0
15.2
28.3
76.0
20.1
50.6
487.0
107.0
251.0
38.0
64.2
12.2
12.6
12.5
38.4
i ,204.2
56.2
15.6
29.1
78.5
20.3
52.8
494.4
108.4
255.6
38.6
65.1
12.3
12.8
12.9
40.5
1,197.3
56.2
15.6
28.7
77.9
20.0
52.6
488.4
107.4
253.4
38.4
64.0
12.3
13.1
13.0
39.8
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Allentown Beth lehem- Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
See footnotes at end of table.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
710.4
25.1
3.7
28.3
4.5
1.3
2.3
78.1
497.6
465.7
5.3
21.2
4.9
17.8
7.6
25.9
714.4
25.1
3.7
28.9
4.4
1.2
2.1
77.8
501.5
469.3
5.4
20.8
4.8
17.8
7.5
26.0
716.7
25.2
3.7
28.9
4.4
1.2
2.1
78.2
503.3
471.0
5.5
20.8
4.8
17.7
7.5
26.1
2,628.8
132.4
29.1
158.9
32.9
10.7
13.1
345.3
i ,421.9
i .248.9
30.4
152.2
30.8
96.7
36.9
136.2
2,676.9
130.7
30.2
158.7
32.9
10.9
13.3
354.8
1,454.7
1,278.9
30.6
154.0
31.3
95.1
39.2
138.3
2,717.1
135.1
30.5
160.8
33.6
10.9
13.5
357.9
1,471.8
1,294.0
30.8
155.7
31.5
97.5
39.3
140.1
1,385.0
109.4
22.1
88.0
23.1
7.4
10.0
179.3
605.8
522.8
27.7
80.2
19.6
61.1
28.0
59.1
1,358.7
107.5
21.4
85.9
22.4
7.3
9.7
176.3
598.4
517.2
27.0
75.3
18.9
59.4
27.3
57.9
1,378.1
109.5
22.6
87.7
22.9
7.5
10.1
180.0
600.6
518.3
27.5
80.1
19.2
61.0
27.8
58.7
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro--Winston-Salem--High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
160.8
3.2
52.1
31.8
28.6
169.1
3.1
54.2
33.1
30.1
170.9
3.1
54.4
33.0
30.4
826.9
30.3
178.2
156.3
182.6
876.4
32.3
187.1
164.9
193.7
887.0
32.6
188.0
165.2
194.4
580.7
15.6
88.7
67.0
121.9
596.3
15.8
91.6
68.1
121.9
606.0
16.1
92.0
68.3
124.1
14.4
2.3
5.9
1.5
15.1
2.3
6.3
1.5
15.2
2.3
6.4
1.5
85.3
15.5
28.5
12.6
87.2
15.5
30.4
12.0
88.0
15.6
30.5
12.1
72.5
10.3
14.9
12.6
70.9
10.6
15.4
12.7
72.8
10.8
15.9
13.3
281.3
12.7
5.8
51.6
73.0
70.1
17.4
6.2
2.0
2.8
1.4
10.7
9.2
286.9
13.0
6.0
53.7
74.2
71.7
18.0
6.4
2.1
2.5
1.5
10.9
9.3
287.0
12.9
6.1
54.2
74.3
71.8
18.1
6.4
2.1
2.5
1.5
11.0
9.4
1,416.5
86.4
48.5
238.1
323.5
220.2
134.5
25.2
19.7
18.9
13.0
87.3
61.6
1,457.7
88.6
49.3
247.8
336.2
228.8
136.6
26.4
20.7
19.5
13.4
88.7
62.7
1,467.7
88.5
49.8
250.2
338.8
231.8
137.5
26.7
20.7
19.3
13.3
88.8
62.9
770.6
49.1
20.0
100.3
145.4
137.1
73.0
21.1
10.4
10.5
6.3
48.5
31.5
761.9
48.2
19.0
101.0
1443
138.2
70.0
20.5
10.4
10.1
6.5
47.2
31.9
777.0
49.0
19.9
103.5
146.2
139.0
71.8
21.7
10.5
10.4
6.5
48.8
32.7
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
68.2
1.0
1.7
28.0
19.6
69.8
1.0
1.7
28.9
20.4
70.0
1.0
1.7
29.2
20.5
365.9
6.8
8.3
142.9
110.5
376.0
7.2
8.1
143.1
117.6
380.9
7.2
8.2
145.4
119.5
277.8
4.2
11.6
103.4
42.3
278.2
4.2
11.7
101.8
424
283.2
4.3
11.7
103.6
42.7
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
93.5
7.2
3.1
66.0
6.6
95.6
7.4
3.1
66.5
6.5
96.0
7.4
3.1
66.9
6.5
388.1
36.1
18.0
244.6
• 30.1
400.5
36.4
18.9
253.4
30.3
405.3
36.9
19.2
255.7
30.8
254.4
26.1
10.6
116.9
37.1
255.2
24.9
10.5
118.4
37.0
259.9
25.8
10.9
120.5
37.4
308.2
13.0
2.0
5.3
26.0
4.1
9.1
154.5
52.3
61.0
8.7
13.6
1.4
2.0
2.1
5.0
315.3
13.1
1.9
5.5
25.8
4.2
9.6
157.5
54.2
62.0
8.5
13.8
1.6
1.9
2.1
5.2
315.7
13.2
1.9
5.5
25.8
4.1
9.6
156.9
53.9
62.1
8.5
13.8
1.6
2.0
2.1
5.1
i. 667.6
81.0
15.0
35.6
91.0
26.2
52.4
790.8
280.9
365.7
37.9
77.2
13.4
13.6
14.3
37.7
1,692.0
81.5
15.7
35.3
97.3
27.3
54.2
794.5
278.3
364.9
39.8
78.3
13.0
13.7
14.4
38.5
1,718.0
82.9
15.8
35.7
98.0
27.5
55.2
808.2
287.4
366.0
39.6
79.7
13.7
14.1
14.6
39.2
727.1
31.1
8.2
15.7
72.4
13.9
18.9
299.6
120.2
127.5
18.9
35.8
5.6
25.6
6.2
16.8
709.2
30.9
7.8
15.7
67 1
13.8
18.3
296 6
119.9
125 4
18.8
34.7
55
24.6
61
16 1
728.2
31.6
8.1
16.0
67.9
13.9
19.6
298.8
120.2
t26.6
19.9
35.8
5.7
27.0
6.2
16.4
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Pennsylvania
Ailentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
See footnotes at end of table.
89
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Construction
Mining
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
443.9
500.6
446.8
502.0
1,683.7
215.2
278.7
452.0
1,729.3
224.8
282.7
460.3
1,741.3
226.4
285.4
462.8
(1)
(1)
342.5
44.0
98.5
347.7
44.5
102.9
348.1
44.7
103.2
(1)
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
2,524.8
218.4
198.4
307.8
549.8
613.8
2,579.8
221.1
200.1
311.8
553.4
628.4
2,581.4
221.2
200.9
312.1
555.9
633.1
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
8,403.0
54.5
91.3
553.9
154.5
73.1
96.3
67.0
152.8
1,704.6
237.9
685.2
85.9
1,848.7
95.7
58.5
86.3
111.3
133.1
100.0
43.2
648.0
43.0
50.0
75.1
34.4
93.9
58.7
8,685.4
55.8
93.1
574.7
158.3
74.3
99.2
66.6
154.9
1,795.9
242.8
711.3
88.0
1,927.4
97.9
61.5
88.5
113.6
141.2
105.0
43.1
667.1
43.9
51.1
77.6
35.3
96.2
59.5
8,751.0
56.0
94.5
581.5
158.8
74.9
99.2
69.7
155.9
1,807.7
244.7
716.7
88.5
1,937.8
98.6
61.4
88.9
115.1
141.8
105.9
43.3
673.5
44.0
51.4
78.0
35.6
97.3
59.9
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
970.5
133.1
654.1
998.8
135.6
673.8
1,008.5
137.3
678.8
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
277.1
30.1
96.5
277.0
30.3
96.9
280.7
30.6
98.7
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
3,159.5
37.0
79.6
45.3
95.9
650.0
973.9
514.9
138.6
3,241.6
37.0
78.2
46.1
95.5
659.4
1,011.2
528.8
140.3
3,255.0
36.9
81.4
45.6
96.4
659.1
1,011.3
532.0
140.0
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
2,434.0
1,251.9
179.5
224.2
2,498.9
1,309.0
184.9
228.9
2,521.0
1,322.5
186.7
230.0
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Waco
Wichita Falls
See footnotes at end of table.
90
18
1.9
2.1
2.0
(M
4.4
(1)
(1)
4.3
(1)
.5
(1)
(1)
(M
160 7
16
.6
1.2
.7
1 4
1
( )
.8
2.4
11.7
(1)
4.2
.7
65.4
(1)
3.1
3.3
1
1 1
12.3
.7
1 9
(1)
(1)
1.5
1.6
1
( )
1.1
.5
13.9
16.0
1.9
97.2
14.8
15.4
28.8
102.3
16.8
15.5
29.9
102.7
16.9
15.5
30.2
2.0
11.8
2.5
3.9
13.4
2.6
4.0
13.4
2.7
4.0
4.4
108.3
9.7
10.7
14.5
23.1
29.0
109.7
9.6
10.9
15.0
24.0
30.7
107.6
9.7
11.1
15.0
24.2
31.2
442.4
2.1
4.5
28.1
15.0
9.2
3.3
2.6
13.2
77.2
11.4
33.0
4.9
124.1
3.9
1.9
4.1
4.0
6.6
5.2
1.9
33.1
2.0
1.9
2.6
2.3
4.4
2.3
460.2
2.3
4.7
30.8
14.8
9.1
3.6
3.0
11.2
83.2
11.7
33.8
4.3
129.3
4.0
2.1
4.3
4.3
7.2
5.7
1.9
35.0
2.1
2.0
2.8
2.3
4.6
2.2
467.0
2.3
4.8
31.5
15.0
9.2
3.5
3.1
11.5
83.8
12.0
34.7
4.4
129.8
4.0
2.2
4.3
4.4
7.2
5.9
1.7
35.4
2.1
2.0
2.8
2.4
4.6
22
56.9
8.1
38.4
60.2
8.0
40.6
61.2
8.0
41.5
.5
(1)
(M
168.5
1.7
.6
1.2
.8
1.3
(M
.9
2.4
11.6
(1)
4.2
.7
69.6
(M 2.9
3.4
.1
1.2
13.6
.7
1.9
(1)
(M
14.1
16.0
(1)
(1)
(M
(1)
1.6
1.7
1
168.4
1.8
.6
1.2
.8
1.3
1
( )
.9
2.4
11.6
(1)
4.2
.7
69.5
(1)
2.8
3.4
.1
1.2
13.6
.7
1.9
O)
(1)
1.6
1.7
1
( )
( )
1.1
1.1
8.1
8.3
8.2
3.0
(M 3.0
(1)
.4
(M
(M
11.3
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.6
.6
1
.4
(M
O)
10.2
1.0
4.1
11.2
1.0
4.1
10.4
1.0
40
10.8
(1)
(1)
10.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.7
.8
1
( )
176.8
1.5
4.1
2.3
5.5
39.7
52.5
31.4
8.0
182.4
1.4
4.1
2.2
5.6
39.4
55.4
33.3
83
181.9
1.3
4.2
2.1
5,5
38.8
54.7
33.4
8.3
3.3
.7
123.8
61.7
9.1
11.6
126.3
62.6
9.5
12.5
127 4
64.3
9.4
12,5
(M
(M
(M
.7
.8
( )
3.3
.6
1
( )
.2
3.0
(M
(M
1
( )
(1)
.4
Feb.
1998P
11.8
13.0
(1)
(1)
(M
(M
Jan.
1998
.1
.2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(M
(M
(1)
(M
Feb.
1997
Feb.
1998P
.1
.2
.1
.2
435.5
492.5
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1997
3.3
.7
(M
1
( )
.2
.2
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
79.5
101.7
79.1
102.4
79.2
102.0
15.0
17.2
15.2
17.4
15.7
173
94.2
112.4
95.8
112.3
95.6
111.6
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
362.4
21.2
25.7
123.1
362.6
21.5
26.0
122.5
361.4
21.6
25.8
122.0
73.5
11.5
12.8
20.4
74.9
12.4
12.5
20.4
75.1
12.6
12.6
20.6
393.6
53.2
63.5
112.2
416.8
54.6
65.9
116.9
418.0
54.6
66.0
117.1
48.2
4.2
13.5
48.5
4.5
14.3
48.1
4.5
14.0
16.2
1.9
6.5
16.0
1.9
6.3
16.0
1.8
6.5
84.5
13.0
25.1
85.1
12.9
25.9
84.6
12.9
25.9
515.2
42.3
53.0
48.9
62.5
96.5
517.0
42.8
51.3
49.4
62.7
96.5
517.5
42.9
51.1
49.3
62.8
98.1
147.5
11.6
8.0
14.3
61.8
30.9
151.0
12.0
7.6
14.0
61.6
31.1
150.9
12.0
7.6
13.9
62.2
31.3
590.1
51.4
44.0
80.3
138.3
148.1
607.0
53.0
45.3
81.1
140.2
152.8
603.8
52.3
45.1
81.4
139.4
152.6
1,063.5
3.1
1,087.6
3.2
9.3
77.8
24.7
1,090.5
3.2
498.7
2.6
5.5
18.1
8.0
2.7
4.2
1.3
6.4
115.2
525.2
2.4
5.6
19.0
7.9
2.7
4.4
1.5
6.4
123.4
13.6
527.5
2.4
5.6
19.2
7.9
2.8
4.4
1.5
6.4
1,990.0
14.2
25.4
118.0
35.1
14.1
23.3
14.6
34.8
2,063.1
14.6
26.0
2,058.6
14.5
26.0
125.2
416.6
55.9
122.7
36.1
14.8
23.9
14.6
35.7
432.8
58.1
122.9
36.0
14.8
24.2
15.0
35.6
432.0
57.8
182.1
19.0
444.3
22.9
16.6
22.3
32.2
40.2
27.3
10.1
161.6
9.6
13.3
20.0
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
9.4
73.6
24.4
16.5
12.7
3.6
13.4
241.2
43.0
106.1
7.9
204.2
9.5
1.4
18.7
7.5
12.9
7.2
5.3
49.7
9.4
78.4
24.9
16.6
12.0
4.2
16.6
11.9
4.2
13.4
247.6
40.7
13.4
248.7
40.6
109.9
8.0
109.6
8.0
214.4
9.1
1.6
19.0
214.6
9.2
1.6
18.9
7.8
13.4
7.5
4.7
50.2
10.6
5.9
7.8
13.2
7.5
4.7
50.1
12.7
13.7
63.1
4.2
129.1
3.4
9.5
3.9
5.7
4.6
4.1
2.3
29.9
1.6
2.2
3.6
1.5
3.6
3.0
66.9
4.2
67.1
4.3
135.4
3.5
10.6
4.0
5.7
4.8
4.2
2.3
30.9
1.6
2.3
3.8
1.5
3.9
2.9
135.8
3.6
10.7
4.0
5.6
4.8
4.2
2.3
30.9
1.6
2.3
3.9
1.5
3.9
2.9
173.3
18.6
423.6
22.0
15.9
21.2
31.3
37.2
26.5
10.2
156.6
9.5
12.9
19.0
183.1
19.1
444.2
22.9
16.8
22.3
31.9
40.1
27.3
10.0
162.0
9.6
13.4
20.0
9.4
16.5
8.3
16.3
8.5
10.6
6.0
10.8
3.2
16.4
8.5
131.2
19.3
81.4
133.9
20.0
82.7
134.2
20.1
82.7
54.9
2.2
43.2
57.1
2.3
45.4
57.4
2.3
45.6
230.6
29.5
158.1
238.3
30.1
163.6
238.7
30.4
162.9
45.7
3.3
17.5
46.6
3.3
18.3
46.8
3.4
18.3
12.0
1.1
4.6
12.3
1.1
4.5
12.3
1.1
4.5
63.7
6.6
21.6
64.5
6.7
21.6
64.0
6.8
21.6
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
399.9
10.0
8.0
15.9
25.4
67.8
41.3
60.9
19.7
405.8
9.7
8.2
405.4
9.6
8.2
163.6
169.0
1.3
2.2
170.2
1.3
2.2
702.9
9.7
717.5
10.0
15.4
25.2
15.2
25.1
68.7
44.8
61.7
1.0
3.5
31.7
58.6
26.6
8.5
1.0
3.6
32.0
60.8
27.4
8.5
1.0
3.6
32.0
60.5
27.5
8.5
722.7
10.0
16.2
9.9
20.2
152.5
213.9
125.6
36.0
211.6
125.1
35.8
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
355.8
210.2
370.6
225.1
22.4
25.2
129.5
75.6
7.6
9.5
133.0
78.4
133.8
80.1
7.9
9.5
603.3
303.2
47.3
58.1
601.7
302.3
47.6
57 7
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
10.4
5.9
11.2
3.2
21.9
24.9
10.8
3.2
69.0
44.6
61.4
19.3
18.9
371.8
225.0
22.9
25.1
See footnotes at end of table.
91
7.9
9.4
1.3
2.2
9.1
21.2
13.5
16.2
9.5
20.4
150.8
209.7
121.2
35.8
583.2
294.0
44.9
54.8
21.9
13.5
9.4
22.1
13.5
16.4
9.7
20.0
151.2
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Government
Services
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
26.1
28.0
26.7
28.8
26.7
28.8
145.3
154.9
147.3
157.5
149.4
159.5
63.5
65.1
65.6
66 0
66.2
66.6
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartan burg-Anderson .
72.5
8.1
19.6
15.4
75.0
8.3
20.2
15.6
75.6
8.4
20.4
15.6
380.0
57.8
68.8
95.2
394.2
61.6
69.1
96.9
400.2
62.1
70.0
98.5
302.7
48.6
72.9
56.9
301.6
49.6
73.5
58.1
306.4
50.2
75.1
58.8
South Dakota .
Rapid City ....
Sioux Falls ...
20.3
1.7
11.1
21.5
1.7
12.2
21.4
1.7
12.2
88.3
13.4
28.8
90.7
13.6
30.2
91.4
13.6
30.5
71.1
7.3
9.6
70.5
7.3
10.0
71.2
7.5
10.1
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
117.3
15.1
6.0
13.4
27.6
38.0
122.3
15.4
6.1
13.9
27.6
39.5
121.9
15.4
6.1
13.8
27.5
39.3
656.6
53.5
47.7
81.0
156.4
190.0
682.6
54.5
50.6
83.9
158.8
194.3
685.0
54.8
50.9
83.9
159.5
196.1
385.4
34.8
29.0
54.9
80.1
81.3
385.9
33.8
28.3
54.0
78.5
83.5
390.3
34.1
29.0
54.3
80.3
84.5
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito .
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
453.1
2.2
4.6
29.4
4.9
1.9
3.6
2.3
6.4
134.2
9.2
31.2
5.3
97.3
3.9
2.2
3.2
5.2
4.7
3.5
1.6
43.2
2.0
1.7
3.9
1.6
5.6
2.1
470.2
2.4
4.9
30.2
5.2
1.8
3.7
2.2
6.5
142.6
9.7
32.6
5.5
101.6
4.0
2.3
3.2
5.6
4.9
3.5
1.6
44.2
2.1
1.7
4.1
1.4
5.6
2.1
472.0
2.4
4.9
30.2
5.2
1.8
3.6
2.2
6.5
143.5
9.8
32.6
5.5
101.6
4.1
2.3
3.2
5.6
5.0
3.6
1.6
44.4
2.1
1.7
4.1
1.3
5.6
2.1
2,302.7
18.8
24.7
155.5
40.2
13.5
26.4
14.4
45.4
511.2
52.8
183.4
17.7
551.3
25.9
10.3
20.2
32.5
29.7
23.3
12.3
198.5
11.8
13.5
22.0
9.0
27.3
15.7
2,420.3
19.1
25.6
164.7
41.9
13.8
28.1
14.9
48.4
552.4
55.3
189.9
18.7
580.8
27.2
10.9
20.8
33.9
31.9
24.9
12.8
209.3
12.3
14.4
23.5
9.6
28.8
16.3
2,451.2
19.3
26.2
166.4
42.0
13.8
28.3
15.1
48.9
558.8
56.2
193.6
18.8
588.6
27.3
11.0
20.9
34.4
32.1
25.0
13.0
213.6
12.3
14.5
23.6
9.7
29.4
16.6
1,491.9
9.9
16.6
130.0
26.2
13.8
22.8
27.4
30.8
197.3
52.9
90.9
26.6
253.7
27.1
14.2
11.7
25.0
36.3
17.9
8.9
135.1
5.7
11.9
11.3
6.1
15.3
12.7
1,490.3
10.1
16.4
128.3
26.9
14.2
23.5
25.3
30.9
202.3
53.7
91.2
27.5
251.9
27.1
14.3
11.6
24.3
37.7
18.3
9.1
133.6
5.6
11.4
11.0
6.2
15.1
12.9
1,515.8
10.1
17.0
131.7
27.0
14.6
23.3
27.7
31.2
204.1
54.6
92.5
27.8
253.8
27.6
14.2
11.8
25.0
38.1
18.8
9.2
135.6
5.7
11.6
11.2
6.4
15.3
13.0
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
51.7
3.8
42.7
53.3
4.1
43.7
53.8
4.1
44.1
262.9
51.5
174.9
272.4
51.8
182.1
275.8
52.8
183.8
174.2
18.7
112.4
175.3
19.3
112.7
179.2
19.6
115.2
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
12.0
2.6
4.7
12.1
2.4
5.0
12.0
2.4
4.9
85.5
8.4
27.7
84.9
8.6
28.7
87.5
8.8
29.2
47.6
7.1
16.3
45.0
7.2
14.7
47.3
7.1
16.2
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
165.5
1.2
3.9
1.4
4.1
30.2
54.5
43.9
9.2
169.3
1.3
4.1
1.4
4.3
31.2
55.4
44.3
9.2
169.5
1.3
4.2
1.4
4.4
31.3
55.6
44.6
9.3
935.9
7.7
19.2
9.1
24.2
187.1
375.8
130.7
39.6
984.1
7.8
19.6
10.2
24.2
191.2
402.0
139.7
41.2
994.7
7.9
19.8
10.2
25.3
I92.3
403.5
141.4
41.4
603.6
5.6
26.0
6.1
12.8
142.7
180.9
99.6
17.8
597.5
5.5
23.8
6.0
12.4
144.1
178.4
96.3
17.8
604.9
5.5
26.4
6.0
12.5
144.8
179.9
97.5
17.8
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett.
Spokane
Tacoma
124.5
75.0
10.6
11.9
130.2
79.7
11.0
11.9
130.9
80.7
11.1
12.0
655.3
357.7
54.4
64.0
675.0
379.6
55.6
63.7
685.7
383.7
56.2
64.8
458.6
177.1
31.0
47.3
457.2
179.7
31.2
47.9
466.4
185.7
31.6
48.2
See footnotes at end of table.
92
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
687.2
127.5
117.5
67.1
62.7
699.9
131.2
119.3
68.2
65.1
700.6
130.5
120.1
68.9
65.2
2,569.7
186.6
69.7
131.3
67.0
49.1
66.8
261.2
808.1
78.2
56.0
61.9
2,634.2
192.9
71.0
133.2
68.9
50.6
66.9
266.7
829.4
81.2
58.0
65.0
2,643.0
192.6
72.6
132.6
68.9
50.6
67.7
268.2
832.4
81.5
57.4
64.3
Wyoming
Casper
212.3
29.1
214.2
29.7
213.9
29.5
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
976.1
65.7
68.3
76.1
612.1
955.7
65.0
67.3
75.0
599.7
954.5
64.9
67.4
75.2
602.1
41.7
41.2
41.9
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah ..
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.
93
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1997
24.5
1.9
1.6
.3
1.6
23.3
1.9
1.3
.3
1.6
1.9
M
1
1)
1)
1)
1)
1)
1)
1)
1)
)
15.8
1.8
1
1)
1)
)
1
)
30.9
6.4
5.5
3.9
2.1
30.0
6.0
5.6
3.9
2.0
1.9
90.9
9.3
2.1
5.7
2.5
1.8
2.1
10.6
26.3
2.5
2.1
2.5
96.4
10.0
2.3
5.7
2.5
1.9
2.2
11.6
28.4
2.8
2.2
27
95.9
9.9
2.2
5.6
2.5
1.8
2.2
11.6
28.5
2.8
2.1
2.7
16.5
2.0
11.6
1.5
12.3
1.5
12.4
1.5
1.1
57.1
3.1
3.6
5.2
39.4
52.7
2.9
4.5
4.8
35.7
53.7
3.0
4.3
4.8
37.1
2.0
1.8
1.8
)
(1)
(M
(11)
(1 )
()
1.1
1.1
(1)
(1
(1
.6
(1)
(1)
(1)
.6
(
1
Feb.
1998P
29.7
6.1
4.9
4.0
1.9
M
1
)
1
1)
1)
)
1
16.6
2.1
Jan.
1998
23.1
1.8
1.2
.3
1.6
2.0
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1
(1)
Feb.
1997
Feb.
1998P
.6
(M
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Feb
1997
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah ..
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
80.6
99
17.3
13.0
57
82.6
10.4
16.9
13.3
6.0
82.4
10.2
17.0
13.3
6.0
38.1
9.2
6.6
2.6
2.6
38.4
9.4
6.7
2.5
2.8
38.3
9.3
6.6
2.6
2.9
156.8
30.7
30.5
16.7
16.1
160.0
31.1
30.6
16.9
16.8
159.8
30.8
30.8
16.9
16.6
593 8
57.9
11 6
27.5
20.8
11 0
11.2
28.7
173.8
25.1
23.1
17.3
614.1
58.6
12.7
28.3
21.7
11.6
11.9
29.6
178.2
26.0
23.9
18.7
612.3
58.3
12.7
28.2
21.7
11.6
11.8
29.7
178.0
25.9
23.6
18.0
120.7
7.2
3.5
9.5
2.5
1.9
2.9
9.1
39.2
2.5
1.7
3.3
122.0
7.4
3.5
9.9
2.5
2.1
2.7
9.4
40.1
2.3
1.8
3.4
122.1
7.3
3.5
9.8
2.6
2.1
2.9
9.5
40.1
2.3
1.7
3.4
581.1
39.2
19.0
30.5
15.3
12.0
18.1
55.5
175.3
15.8
10.2
15.1
596.1
41.5
19.8
31.5
15.7
11.8
17.7
56.2
179.5
16.1
10.6
162
591.9
41.3
20.0
30.9
15.5
11.5
17.8
55.4
178.0
15.8
10.5
15.9
10.3
1.5
10.8
1.5
10.5
1.5
13.7
1.7
13.5
1.7
13.5
1.7
49.5
8.2
50.0
8.3
49.4
8.2
152.1
16.0
18.5
10.4
706
143.7
15.1
17.4
9.9
65.5
145.0
15.8
17.4
9.9
66.0
25.9
.8
.7
2.4
20.1
26.6
.7
.6
2.3
20.8
26.6
.7
.7
2.3
20.8
194.9
14.2
11.5
13.1
129.4
197.4
15.4
11.7
13.3
129 9
193.9
15.0
11.5
13.0
128.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.3
9.8
9.2
9.2
See footnotes at end of table.
Feb.
1997
94
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Feb.
1997
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
27.6
7.3
3.7
2.5
2.8
28.0
7.7
3.9
2.6
2.9
27.9
7.6
3.9
2.6
2.9
191.9
38.9
31.7
17.5
21.9
199.7
40.7
34.6
19.3
23.0
200.5
40.7
34.8
19.7
23.0
138.0
23.5
21.2
10.5
10.1
137.0
23.6
19.8
9.4
9.9
138.6
24.1
20.2
9.6
10.2
138.3
9.2
2.4
9.6
1.8
1.6
2.3
20.8
56.9
2.2
2.1
4.7
141.0
9.8
2.6
9.4
1.9
1.7
2.5
21.5
58.4
2.4
2.2
4.8
141.1
9.6
2.5
9.4
1.9
1.7
2.6
21.6
58.4
2.3
2.2
4.8
650.6
41.8
18.6
32.6
15.6
13.0
19.7
65.6
676.9
43.8
19.4
32.3
15.8
13.4
20.0
67.9
392.2
385.7
21.8
396.0
22.2
12.1
16.1
8.4
7.9
10.8
15.9
8.7
8.1
246.5
20.6
10.7
11.6
255.8
22.5
11.1
11.9
681.9
44.0
19.5
32.5
15.9
13.6
20.3
68.2
258.6
22.9
10.9
11.9
10.5
70.9
90.2
9.4
6.2
7.5
9.8
70.4
89.0
9.2
6.2
7.3
10.2
72.2
90.7
9.6
6.3
7.6
7.9
1.2
8.1
1.2
8.2
1.2
45.0
7.9
45.3
7.9
45.3
8.0
58.5
5.3
57.6
5.5
58.1
5.4
45.8
1.7
2.0
2.2
36.1
46.1
1.8
2.0
2.4
35.9
45.5
1.7
1.9
2.3
35.6
192.4
11.8
10.8
16.6
130.5
188.5
11.5
10.4
16.4
128.4
188.8
11.2
10.8
16.7
306.8
18.1
21.2
26.2
299.6
17.6
20.7
25.9
299.9
17.5
20.8
26.2
131.2
185.4
182.9
182.6
1.8
1.9
1.9
10.0
10.5
10.8
13.5
13.2
13.5
1
21.9
12.5
15.9
8.9
8.2
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. Ail
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1997 benchmarks.
Combined with construction.
Not available.
P = preliminary.
2
Feb.
1997
95
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
34.5
34.6
34.2
34.6
34.5
40.8
41.2
40.9
40.8
40.8
45.6
45.7
45.0
44.0
43.3
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
45.2
46.7
46.5
45.1
48.6
46.1
43.8
46.2
44.8
44.2
45.3
45.2
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
12
122
46.7
46.9
46.4
46.5
45.2
45.4
45.4
45.4
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services
13
131
138
45.5
43.3
46.7
45.4
42.6
46.8
45.2
43.9
45.9
43.0
41.8
43.6
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
14
142
45.1
45.7
46.4
48.0
44.6
45.7
45.3
46.7
37.5
38.4
37.4
37.9
15
152
153
154
37.4
36.5
37.8
38.4
38.0
36.8
38.3
39.2
37.0
35.4
37.4
38.5
37.6
36.0
37.9
39.3
16
161
162
39.6
37.5
40.2
41.3
40.3
41.6
39.5
37.2
40.2
41.3
40.2
41.7
17
171
172
37.1
38.5
35.4
39.4
34.5
34.9
31.5
37.8
38.9
36.5
39.8
35.5
35.4
33.2
37.1
39.2
35.5
39.6
34.5
34.7
30.6
37.3
38.6
36.1
39.5
35.2
34.6
32.7
41.6
42.5
40.2
40.4
42.4
42.8
40.7
40.1
38.9
38.9
42.5
45.2
38.3
36.5
36.3
40.2
42.0
42.9
40.7
40.2
42.5
42.9
40.9
41.2
39.9
40.8
42.5
46.3
38.8
37.1
37.1
40.4
41.9
42.6
40.2
38.3
41.7
41.9
40.9
40.7
39.8
40.7
42.7
42.7
38.8
37.4
37.4
40.3
41.7
42.5
40.5
40.0
41.8
41.9
41.4
40.9
39.8
41.3
42.1
43.5
38.4
38.1
37.9
40.4
41.7
42.5
40.8
4.5
4.8
3.9
5.2
5.2
5.6
3.6
3.6
2.5
3.5
5.3
6.0
3.2
1.7
1.6
3.0
4.7
5.1
4.1
5.5
5.2
5.7
3.5
4.1
2.9
4.3
5.4
6.3
3.4
1.9
1.8
3.3
4.7
5.0
3.9
4.6
4.6
5.2
3.4
3.9
2.8
4.4
5.1
5.8
3.3
2.2
2.1
3.3
4.5
4.9
4.0
5.6
4.7
5.0
3.4
4.2
3.0
5.1
5.1
5.7
3.2
2.0
2.0
3.4
39.0
37.9
37.7
37.6
39.5
38.4
40.1
40.4
41.2
38.9
39.9
39.1
39.2
38.6
40.8
39.5
40.7
40.5
42.3
39.1
40.6
40.2
40.2
40.0
41.5
40.1
42.3
40.6
41.7
39.0
40.3
40.3
40.4
39.7
43.6
40.0
40.7
39.9
41.0
38.9
40.2
2.8
2.4
2.3
2.0
3.8
2.8
3.0
3.8
3.5
2.4
3.1
2.7
2.8
2.1
3.8
3.5
3.2
4.1
3.8
2.8
3.7
3.5
2.8
3.5
7.0
3.8
4.4
3.8
3.8
3.3
3.4
3.3
3.0
2.8
6.8
3.5
3.8
3.5
3.2
3.2
Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Millwork. plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
173
174
175
176
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
See footnotes at end of table.
96
Mar.
1998P
37.9
4.6
4.9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
$12.14
$12.17
$12.59
$12.63
$12.66
$418.83
$421.08
$430.58
$437.00
$436.77
13.66
13.72
14.10
14.11
14.18
557.33
565.26
576.69
575.69
578.54
16.06
15.98
16.61
16.89
16.96
732.34
730.29
747.45
743.16
734.37
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
17.70
18.67
15.98
17.65
18.43
16.07
17.92
18.93
16.36
17.95
18.84
16.43
800.04
871.89
743.07
796.02
895.70
740.83
784.90
874.57
732.93
793.39
853.45
742.64
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
12
122
19.25
19.57
19.06
19.37
19.37
19.62
19.20
19.48
898.98
917.83
884.38
900.71
875.52
890.75
871.68
884.39
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services
13
131
138
15.37
20.81
12.66
15.31
20.85
12.66
16.26
22.48
13.45
16.81
22.46
14.22
699.34
901.07
591.22
695.07
888.21
592.49
734.95
986.87
617.36
722.83
936.83
619.99
14
142
13.89
13.09
14.06
13.31
14.29
13.58
14.32
13.67
626.44
598.21
652.38
638.88
637.33
620.61
648.70
638.39
15.69
15.67
16.22
16.19
588.38
601.73
606.63
613.60
15
152
153
154
15.03
13.98
14.75
16.02
14.99
13.90
14.86
16.00
15.57
14.61
15.19
16.46
15.59
14.61
15.24
16.50
562.12
510.27
557.55
615.17
569.62
511.52
569.14
627.20
576.09
517.19
568.11
633.71
586.18
525.96
577.60
648.45
16
161
162
15.08
14.78
15.17
15.01
14.56
15.16
15.29
14.78
15.43
15.30
14.56
15.53
597.17
554.25
609.83
619.91
586.77
630.66
603.96
549.82
620.29
631.89
585.31
647.60
17
16.05
16.41
14.27
17.40
15.80
15.51
13.80
16.07
16.50
14.21
17.54
15.87
15.60
13.68
16.65
16.99
14.68
18.03
16.31
16.30
14.27
16.58
16.88
14.91
18.01
16.30
16.32
14.24
595.46
631.79
505.16
685.56
545.10
541.30
434.70
607.45
641.85
518.67
698.09
563.39
552.24
454.18
617.72
666.01
521.14
713.99
562.70
565.61
436.66
618.43
651.57
538.25
711.40
573.76
564.67
465.65
13.02
13.58
10.60
11.99
10.82
11.21
9.26
10.71
10.67
10.47
9.48
12.88
8.28
10.41
10.55
10.12
13.08
13.64
10.60
11.77
10.80
11.19
9.23
10.74
10.75
10.46
9.51
12.85
8.32
10.55
10.71
10.15
13.41
13.97
10.89
12.07
11.03
11.44
9.44
10.98
10.96
10.90
9.76
13.20
8.61
11.27
11.47
10.37
13.42
13.97
10.91
12.19
10.97
11.41
9.29
11.06
10.99
10.98
9.86
13.33
13.48
14.03
10.96
549.36
585.16
431.42
473.15
459.00
480.05
377.51
442.49
428.93
426.77
404.18
594.96
322.82
391.41
397.34
410.06
561.88
595.12
437.78
462.28
459.95
479.34
386.10
446.89
436.21
443.63
416.75
563.64
334.07
421.50
428.98
417.91
559.61
593.73
441.86
487.60
458.55
478.08
384.61
452.35
437.40
453.47
415.11
579.86
331.39
424.43
429.03
418.54
562.12
596.28
447.17
8.63
11.14
11.32
10.36
541.63
577.15
426.12
484.40
458.77
479.79
376.88
429.47
415.06
407.28
402.90
582.18
317.12
379.97
382.97
406.82
10.34
9.78
9.38
10.44
9.19
10.43
9.85
9.45
10.48
9.31
11.14
11.18
10.29
11.36
403.26
370.66
353.63
392.54
363.01
404.35
454.33
450.06
460.62
400.28
416.16
385.14
370.44
404.53
379.85
417.91
468.46
460.08
474.18
407.03
436.45
408.43
388.33
434.00
409.19
431.88
493.64
474.21
484.14
420.42
433.63
409.45
393.09
431.14
416.38
429.20
473.75
475.21
475.19
422.45
434.96
10.58
11.51
10.76
10.16
9.73
10.86
9.55
10.73
11.64
11.91
11.59
10.86
10.82
10.53
11.33
10.75
10.16
9.66
10.85
9.86
10.77
11.67
11.68
11.61
10.78
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Mi 11 work, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
171
172
173
174
175
176
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
11.21
10.41
See footnotes at end of table.
97
16.28
617.01
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1996
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
42.0
45.3
42.3
43.7
41.4
41.3
45.9
42.0
41.3
41.5
44.4
42.0
39.6
42.5
42.5
45.5
42.5
44.8
42.0
44.1
40.6
41.4
45.9
42.3
41.1
43.0
45.4
42.7
42.0
42.6
42.9
46.5
42.2
45.4
42.5
44.4
41.4
41.7
46.6
42.0
41.1
41.7
44.5
42.5
39.4
43.6
42.8
46.4
42.6
46.3
42.4
44.2
41.3
42.0
47.2
42.0
41.6
42.7
44.9
43.0
41.2
42.7
42.5
46.4
42.7
5.0
6.9
4.8
6.3
3.8
4.0
6.7
4.7
4.2
5.4
6.5
5.0
5.0
5.2
3.6
6.3
5.4
6.9
4.7
6.1
3.8
4.0
6.7
4.7
4.3
6.3
7.3
5.3
6.4
5.3
4.0
7.7
5.2
7.5
4.4
6.0
3.5
4.6
7.3
4.3
4.4
5.6
6.9
5.7
4.7
5.4
3.8
6.2
5.5
8.3
4.6
6.1
3.6
4.6
7.9
4.5
4.9
6.3
7.5
6.0
5.9
5.1
3.4
6.5
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
44.6
44.4
44.8
44.4
45.9
46.3
46.9
44.6
43.6
43.2
44.7
44.5
47.1
44.5
43.6
43.7
44.8
44.7
44.9
44.6
46.4
47.0
49.1
44.2
43.9
43.6
44.9
44.1
47.8
44.6
43.5
43.1
45.4
46.1
46.8
45.9
45.6
46.0
49.6
45.0
44.3
44.5
45.9
45.4
48.0
45.2
43.5
42.4
44.7
45.2
45.7
45.2
45.2
45.5
50.2
44.1
44.1
44.6
44.8
43.1
46.9
44.5
43.3
42.6
44.5
45.2
6.4
6.1
6.3
6.3
6.8
7.6
7.7
5.1
5.9
5.9
7.4
7.9
7.8
7.0
5.4
5.6
6.6
6.2
6.4
6.3
7.2
8.0
8.8
5.4
5.8
5.6
7.5
8.4
7.7
7.2
5.2
5.3
6.8
6.8
7.0
7.6
6.6
7.1
7.5
6.5
6.0
5.9
7.9
7.9
10.3
7.9
5.3
4.8
6.5
6.7
7.0
7.0
6.4
7.0
6.5
5.5
6.0
6.2
7.3
6.8
9.4
7.2
5.1
4.8
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
,
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
42.3
42.5
42.7
41.7
41.6
41.7
41.8
42.6
39.6
41.3
42.3
38.8
43.5
40.8
40.8
44.3
43.2
45.6
43.9
45.7
44.7
41.7
41.6
41.4
42.0
40.2
41.1
42.4
42.1
40.5
42.5
42.9
43.2
42.5
41.3
43.0
42.2
42.3
40.1
41.5
42.7
39.5
43.3
41.0
40.6
44.2
43.0
45.6
44.0
45.7
45.1
41.8
41.5
41.1
42.2
40.5
40.6
42.6
42.4
40.8
42.6
43.8
44.2
42.4
43.4
42.2
41.7
41.8
40.9
42.0
43.0
40.7
43.6
40.9
41.7
44.5
43.4
45.7
43.4
45.9
43.9
41.5
41.4
40.7
42.6
40.2
41.6
43.1
41.9
41.3
42.3
43.6
43.8
42.1
43.0
41.9
41.0
41.3
39.2
41.4
42.3
39.0
43.4
41.0
41.3
44.6
43.0
46.6
43.3
45.7
43.7
41.4
41.8
41.2
42.7
40.6
41.6
42.7
42.1
40.5
42.3
4.7
5.7
5.5
4.0
3.7
4.1
3.9
4.0
2.7
4.1
5.3
2.6
5.3
3.7
3.6
6.0
5.1
7.1
5.9
6.7
6.6
4.4
4.6
4.4
4.9
3.1
2.8
4.4
4.3
3.5
4.9
6.1
6.2
4.3
3.7
4.7
4.0
3.5
2.9
4.3
5.9
2.7
5.5
3.7
3.4
6.1
5.3
7.1
6.0
7.2
6.5
4.7
4.7
4.5
5.1
3.4
2.7
4.6
4.3
3.5
5.0
5.6
5.6
4.5
4.8
4.6
3.8
4.7
2.8
4.6
5.9
2.9
5.8
4.0
4.2
6.6
5.9
7.4
5.7
7.1
5.9
4.6
4.9
4.5
5.7
3.4
3.5
4.8
4.0
3.9
4.8
6.2
6.1
4.2
4.8
4.2
3.3
4.0
2.3
4.2
5.5
2.4
5.3
3.9
4.0
6.4
5.7
7.2
5.7
7.0
5.8
4.7
4.8
4.4
5.6
3.8
3.8
4.5
4.2
3.1
See footnotes at end of table.
Mar.
1998P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
1987
SIC
Code
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
34
341
3411
342
3423.5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
$13.05
18.22
14.75
15.57
14.18
12.07
17.41
11.50
11.34
12.26
11.76
10.93
13.08
13.52
11.61
15.97
$13.03
18.42
14.87
15.52
14.42
12.04
17.50
11.39
11.37
12.25
12.03
10.95
12.98
13.51
11.59
15.97
$13.39
19.23
15.16
16.02
14.61
12.20
18.28
11.68
11.77
12.54
12.22
11.27
13.29
13.86
12.37
15.16
$13.46
19.45
15.26
16.07
14.73
12.16
18.45
11.66
11.80
12.67
12.20
11.43
13.46
13.95
12.36
15.59
$13.48
$548.10
825.37
623.93
680.41
587.05
498.49
799.12
483.00
468.34
508.79
522.14
459.06
517.97
574.60
493.43
726.64
$553.78
825.22
624.54
684.43
585.45
498.46
803.25
481.80
467.31
526.75
546.16
467.57
545.16
575.53
497.21
742.61
$565.06
873.04
644.30
711.29
604.85
508.74
851.85
490.56
483.75
522.92
543.79
478.98
523.63
604.30
529.44
703.42
$573.40
900.54
647.02
710.29
608.35
510.72
870.84
489.72
490.88
541.01
547.78
491.49
554.55
595.67
525.30
723.38
$575.60
15.09
17.73
19.25
14.13
13.66
14.49
17.41
12.34
16.51
16.60
14.50
14.35
16.44
14.61
12.14
11.46
15.16
17.86
19.45
14.05
13.72
14.54
17.04
12.47
16.46
16.35
14.55
14.58
16.49
14.65
12.14
11.44
15.47
18.30
19.93
14.31
14.08
14.93
16.52
13.01
16.60
16.45
14.75
14.91
16.42
15.12
12.25
11.73
15.45
18.31
20.00
14.23
14.00
14.85
15.90
13.00
16.61
16.44
14.70
14.87
16.63
15.03
12.33
11.67
15.52
18.33
673.01
787.21
862.40
627.37
626.99
670.89
816.53
550.36
719.84
717.12
648.15
638.58
774.32
650.15
529.30
500.80
679.17
798.34
873.31
626.63
636.61
683.38
836.66
551.17
722.59
712.86
653.30
642.98
788.22
653.39
528.09
493.06
702.34
843.63
932.72
656.83
642.05
686.78
819.39
585.45
735.38
732.03
677.03
676.91
788.16
683.42
532.88
497.35
690.62
827.61
914.00
643.20
632.80
675.68
798.18
573.30
732.50
733.22
658.56
640.90
779.95
668.84
533.89
497.14
690.64
828.52
12.75
16.04
17.05
12.63
11.84
12.74
11.53
11.25
11.59
11.99
11.94
10.22
13.29
12.27
11.30
12.74
11.99
13.57
15.07
14.05
17.38
12.12
10.70
10.52
10.99
14.85
15.94
12.12
12.38
10.84
12.78
16.22
17.22
12.63
11.86
12.79
11.53
11.20
11.55
11.99
12.04
10.18
13.32
12.22
11.17
12.85
12.09
13.68
15.13
14.33
17.49
12.11
10.78
10.62
11.02
14.79
15.76
12.14
12.30
10.81
13.02
16.52
17.55
12.36
12.12
12.62
11.86
11.67
11.63
12.36
12.53
10.49
13.66
12.62
11.65
13.23
12.52
14.02
15.40
14.61
17.78
12.53
11.01
10.93
11.15
15.53
16.16
12.38
12.62
10.87
13.01
16.54
17.58
12.29
12.05
12.57
11.89
11.51
11.87
12.34
12.59
10.45
13.62
12.58
11.57
13.19
12.50
13.94
15.40
14.56
17.78
12.60
11.04
10.89
11.28
15.46
16.29
12.37
12.59
10.88
13.03
539.33
681.70
728.04
526.67
492.54
531.26
481.95
479.25
458.96
495.19
505.06
396.54
578.12
500.62
461.04
564.38
517.97
618.79
661.57
642.09
776.89
505.40
445.12
435.53
461.58
596.97
655.13
513.89
521.20
439.02
543.15
695.84
743.90
536.78
489.82
549.97
486.57
473.76
463.16
497.59
514.11
402.11
576.76
501.02
453.50
567.97
519.87
623.81
665.72
654.88
788.80
506.20
447.37
436.48
465.04
599.00
639.86
517.16
521.52
441.05
554.65
723.58
775.71
524.06
526.01
532.56
494.56
487.81
475.67
519.12
538.79
426.94
595.58
516.16
485.81
588.74
543.37
640.71
668.36
670.60
780.54
520.00
455.81
444.85
474.99
624.31
672.26
533.58
528.78
448.93
550.32
721.14
770.00
517.41
518.15
526.68
487.49
475.36
465.30
510.88
532.56
407.55
591.11
515.78
477.84
588.27
537.50
649.60
666.82
665.39
776.99
521.64
461.47
448.67
481.66
627.68
677.66
528.20
530.04
440.64
551.17
See footnotes at end of table.
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
99
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
43.5
44.2
42.1
45.0
43.3
43.6
44.3
44.2
44.2
47.4
42.9
41.4
44.5
45.4
46.6
44.7
44.2
41.1
43.0
41.4
41.3
42.2
43.3
42.9
44.8
43.3
42.6
44.3
42.5
42.7
42.1
43.8
43.3
42.6
43.6
44.0
44.4
44.7
44.4
44.6
49.1
42.8
41.6
44.5
44.7
46.2
44.8
44.1
41.7
43.7
41.6
42.0
42.2
43.5
43.3
45.0
43.8
42.7
43.9
42.7
42.6
41.6
43.6
45.5
42.6
46.6
43.0
42.8
44.7
44.6
42.8
49.1
42.1
41.7
44.3
45.3
45.8
44.5
43.5
41.7
43.4
42.0
43.2
43.1
43.5
40.9
44.6
43.0
43.4
45.9
43.8
41.9
42.0
43.5
44.5
41.7
45.5
43.2
43.7
44.4
44.4
42.1
47.8
42.5
41.6
43.9
44.3
45.5
44.1
43.4
41.6
43.0
41.5
41.8
42.3
43.4
41.1
44.5
42.8
42.5
44.8
44.4
42.6
43.3
43.5
5.4
5.5
4.3
5.9
5.4
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.4
8.4
5.4
3.8
6.5
6.7
6.8
7.2
5.5
3.6
5.0
3.3
4.0
4.5
5.1
5.2
6.3
5.1
3.4
5.7
5.3
3.5
2.5
5.6
5.0
4.5
5.2
5.7
6.2
6.1
5.8
6.3
9.8
5.2
3.8
6.7
6.7
6.8
7.3
5.6
3.9
5.5
3.6
4.4
4.8
5.3
5.4
6.7
5.8
3.5
6.1
5.3
3.8
3.3
5.6
6.4
4.3
7.2
5.0
4.8
6.2
5.9
4.5
9.8
4.9
3.9
6.6
6.6
8.3
7.1
5.3
3.5
5.4
3.9
5.7
4.9
5.4
4.4
6.8
5.1
4.0
7.2
5.4
4.0
4.3
5.5
5.7
3.6
6.5
5.1
5.3
6.1
5.9
4.1
9.3
4.9
4.0
6.3
6.3
7.0
6.8
5.0
3.7
5.1
3.7
4.7
4.2
5.1
4.3
6.6
5.1
3.4
6.5
5.9
4.6
5.6
3575.8.9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
41.6
42.8
43.1
43.3
42.6
43.2
42.3
43.5
43.9
43.5
42.2
43.4
43.1
43.1
43.8
43.5
41.6
43.5
41.8
43.0
43.5
43.3
41.7
43.3
3.9
4.2
4.5
5.9
5.3
5.9
4.6
4.5
4.8
6.0
5.2
6.0
5.1
4.3
4.5
6.1
5.6
6.1
4.2
4.2
4.5
6.0
5.4
6.0
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
41.8
41.4
41.5
41.2
41.4
41.6
40.2
39.5
37.9
38.4
40.3
41.7
44.2
41.2
41.7
39.9
40.2
40.8
41.9
43.5
42.6
40.9
43.4
42.0
41.9
42.5
42.2
42.2
41.5
41.9
41.1
41.9
42.0
41.1
40.1
38.1
41.2
40.5
42.2
44.3
42.2
41.9
38.9
42.1
41.7
42.3
44.4
42.8
40.2
43.3
42.5
42.0
41.8
42.2
41.8
40.9
42.4
39.5
42.1
42.1
41.2
41.5
40.7
44.3
39.8
42.0
43.7
42.6
43.9
38.3
40.0
39.4
41.8
44.0
42.0
41.5
43.1
41.6
42.5
41.7
43.0
41.6
40.4
41.1
39.8
41.4
41.1
41.0
41.7
41.6
42.7
40.2
41.4
42.9
41.4
42.8
38.2
40.0
38.7
41.8
43.6
41.8
40.1
42.8
41.5
42.1
40.9
42.2
3.8
3.5
2.7
4.3
3.6
3.7
3.0
2.3
1.9
0.9
1.9
4.1
5.6
4.3
3.0
3.5
3.5
2.8
3.2
3.4
4.3
4.7
4.5
3.7
4.4
4.4
4.7
4.2
3.9
3.4
4.4
4.0
3.9
4.2
3.1
2.3
3.3
2.8
4.3
5.6
4.7
3.3
2.5
4.2
3.3
3.7
4.2
4.7
4.3
4.7
4.2
4.1
3.9
4.3
4.1
4.4
4.1
4.6
4.1
4.1
3.9
3.0
2.1
4.0
2.1
4.1
4.6
4.8
4.0
2.8
4.3
3.1
3.3
3.4
4.3
3.7
5.1
4.0
4.5
4.1
5.3
3.9
3.6
3.0
4.3
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4
3.8
2.7
2.3
3.9
4.0
4.1
3.1
3.2
4.1
3.0
3.3
3.6
4.2
3.6
5.0
3.8
4.4
3.7
5.2
See footnotes at end of table.
Average overtime hours
100
41.3
Mar.
1998P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
1987
SIC
Code
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
$13.88
16.51
18.69
15.79
13.43
14.54
13.38
13.77
14.42
13.14
13.36
12.28
14.81
14.57
15.12
15.50
13.05
12.32
14.46
12.55
15.54
14.02
13.66
14.64
14.80
14.02
11.33
14.36
13.15
14.08
15.35
$13.93
16.77
19.09
15.97
13.35
14.55
13.48
13.91
14.58
13.23
13.47
12.22
14.83
14.66
15.13
15.53
13.05
12.22
14.47
12.61
15.45
14.10
13.70
14.45
15.04
14.16
11.31
14.48
13.21
14.13
15.46
$14.33
16.92
19.71
15.99
13.76
14.52
13.58
14.00
14.39
13.31
13.81
12.48
15.21
14.85
15.74
16.00
13.24
12.27
15.01
13.04
16.18
14.55
14.02
14.75
15.37
14.79
11.73
14.94
13.39
14.75
16.02
$14.35
16.67
19.57
15.72
13.87
14.74
13.56
13.95
14.44
13.30
13.80
12.51
15.24
14.97
15.55
15.97
13.38
12.38
14.99
13.11
15.91
14.46
13.96
14.72
15.14
14.69
11.54
14.85
13.46
15.05
16.42
$14.35
$603.78
729.74
786.85
710.55
581.52
633.94
592.73
608.63
637.36
622.84
573.14
508.39
659.05
661.48
704.59
692.85
576.81
506.35
621.78
519.57
641.80
591.64
591.48
628.06
663.04
607.07
482.66
636.15
558.88
601.22
646.24
$610.13
726.14
813.23
696.29
587.40
646.02
602.56
617.60
650.27
649.59
576.52
508.35
659.94
655.30
699.01
695.74
575.51
509.57
632.34
524.58
648.90
595.02
595.95
625.69
676.80
620.21
482.94
635.67
564.07
601.94
643.14
$624.79
769.86
839.65
745.13
591.68
621.46
607.03
624.40
615.89
653.52
581.40
520.42
673.80
672.71
720.89
712.00
575.94
511.66
651.43
547.68
698.98
627.11
609.87
603.28
685.50
635.97
509.08
685.75
586.48
618.03
672.84
$624.23
741.82
816.07
715.26
599.18
644.14
602.06
619.38
607.92
635.74
586.50
520.42
669.04
663.17
707.53
704.28
580.69
515.01
644.57
544.07
665.04
611.66
605.86
604.99
673.73
628.73
490.45
665.28
597.62
641.13
710.99
$624.23
3575.8.9
358
3585
359
3592
3596.9
13.45
12.42
12.72
13.53
14.24
13.32
13.54
12.64
12.97
13.53
14.32
13.31
13.63
13.04
13.39
14.03
14.54
13.87
13.72
13.05
13.47
14.02
14.49
13.86
559.52
531.58
548.23
585.85
606.62
575.42
572.74
549.84
569.38
588.56
604.30
577.65
587.45
562.02
586.48
610.31
604.86
603.35
573.50
561.15
585.95
607.07
604.23
600.14
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
12.42
12.43
11.37
13.50
11.95
11.23
13.28
12.18
13.63
13.94
9.88
12.62
15.24
12.71
11.54
9.07
10.54
10.32
13.57
14.73
12.07
13.76
15.34
10.30
13.53
14.78
13.74
12.49
12.52
11.54
13.48
12.06
11.27
13.51
12.34
13.82
14.35
10.09
12.64
15.38
12.75
11.45
9.03
10.62
10.45
13.76
15.09
12.15
13.80
15.43
10.42
13.42
14.53
13.64
13.00
12.B4
11.92
13.74
12.47
11.52
14.23
12.32
13.17
14.30
10.70
12.80
16.25
13.06
11.47
8.97
11.53
11.15
13.81
14.58
13.02
14.91
17.25
10.61
13.99
14.95
14.44
12.97
12.99
12.07
13.86
12.40
11.48
14.03
12.33
13.43
14.18
10.50
12.76
16.04
12.92
11.37
9.18
11.38
10.98
13.81
14.63
12.96
14.90
17.16
10.62
14.02
14.70
14.64
519.16
514.60
471.86
556.20
494.73
467.17
533.86
481.11
516.58
535.30
398.16
526.25
673.61
523.65
481.22
361.89
423.71
421.06
568.58
640.76
514.18
562.78
665.76
432.60
566.91
628.15
579.83
527.08
519.58
483.53
554.03
505.31
473.34
555.26
494.83
526.54
591.22
408.65
533.41
681.33
538.05
479.76
351.27
447.10
435.77
582.05
670.00
520.02
554.76
668.12
442.85
563.64
607.35
575.61
543.40
525.16
505.41
542.73
524.99
484.99
586.28
511.28
536.02
633.49
425.86
537.60
710.13
556.36
503.53
343.55
461.20
439.31
577.26
641.52
546.84
618.77
743.48
441.38
594.58
623.42
620.92
539.55
524.80
496.08
551.63
513.36
471.83
575.23
514.16
558.69
605.49
422.10
528.26
688.12
534.89
486.64
350.68
455.20
424.93
577.26
637.87
541.73
597.49
734.45
440.73
590.24
601.23
617.81
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
See footnotes at end of table.
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
101
13.03
538.14
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
44.3
45.0
45.4
43.3
45.4
40.0
44.5
44.1
44.5
45.0
41.5
43.1
39.1
43.9
43.4
43.8
40.4
38.0
45.0
45.8
46.2
44.3
46.2
41.1
44.6
44.2
45.0
44.9
42.7
44.4
40.0
43.9
43.6
43.9
40.4
38.0
43.8
43.8
42.0
44.0
44.9
42.7
45.0
45.1
44.6
45.0
43.2
45.1
40.4
44.7
43.3
43.3
40.3
38.0
43.5
43.5
42.4
43.9
44.4
41.2
44.5
44.3
44.5
44.8
42.4
44.5
39.5
43.8
42.9
42.6
40.7
38.7
43.7
44.0
6.3
6.7
7.0
5.0
7.0
3.3
7.2
7.5
6.4
7.3
4.2
5.1
2.8
4.8
4.5
4.7
3.4
1.7
6.7
7.2
7.5
5.5
7.6
3.7
7.2
7.5
6.9
7.1
4.4
5.2
3.2
4.6
4.4
4.4
3.7
2.3
6.0
6.0
5.3
6.5
6.6
5.0
6.8
6.9
6.1
7.2
5.8
7.3
3.5
5.1
4.4
4.0
3.4
2.0
5.8
5.9
5.5
6.5
6.4
4.1
6.5
6.3
6.2
7.0
4.5
5.6
3.0
4.5
4.5
4.2
3.5
2.0
38
42.2
43.7
42.3
41.8
42.3
41.8
41.7
42.0
40.7
40.3
43.6
39.0
41.8
43.1
41.9
42.3
41.8
40.9
41.6
42.2
40.7
40.9
42.0
41.4
42.0
43.6
42.1
42.2
42.1
42.2
41.6
42.1
40.9
41.9
42.2
40.5
41.8
3.8
4.1
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.2
3.3
3.6
3.2
2.5
8.2
1.7
4.1
4.1
3.8
3.6
4.2
3.4
3.7
4.0
3.5
2.3
8.5
2.1
3.7
4.0
3.5
4.4
3.4
2.5
3.8
4.2
3.6
2.4
4.5
3.0
3.8
4.2
3.7
4.5
4.0
2.6
3.7
4.0
3.7
2.9
4.5
2.7
Feb.
1998P
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases. and parts
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
42.0
43.9
42.1
42.0
42.0
41.7
41.5
41.9
40.9
40.3
43.4
37.5
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942.4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
40.1
38.3
37.5
41.6
39.9
37.7
41.1
40.6
39.4
39.6
40.6
40.8
40.3
39.1
38.4
41.8
40.4
38.0
41.5
40.4
39.9
39.7
40.5
41.2
39.9
38.2
37.3
40.5
39.9
38.1
40.7
39.1
39.3
38.5
40.6
41.6
40.2
39.0
38.4
39.2
40.0
38.9
40.5
39.9
39.0
38.7
41.0
41.5
40.5
3.0
1.9
1.8
2.5
2.6
1.6
3.1
3.4
2.8
2.4
3.6
3.7
3.2
2.4
2.4
3.0
3.2
1.9
3.8
3.1
2.8
2.3
3.5
4.1
2.8
1.7
1.5
2.4
2.3
1.7
2.6
2.9
2.0
0.7
3.7
4.0
3.1
2.3
2.2
1.8
2.6
1.7
2.9
3.9
2.0
1.2
4.0
4.2
40.4
40.7
40.9
40.6
40.6
4.0
4.2
4.2
4.0
40.7
39.7
41.4
40.5
38.5
42.1
41.7
42.4
40.4
39.9
39.4
40.0
45.2
43.7
44.6
40.7
39.7
41.5
40.8
38.1
42.2
41.7
42.0
39.6
38.8
39.3
39.3
45.5
45.3
44.4
41.4
41.0
43.4
41.6
39.3
41.4
40.2
41.9
41.8
46.8
40.5
40.9
45.8
45.7
44.3
40.9
40.1
41.8
41.2
38.7
41.4
40.2
41.3
41.2
40.9
39.5
41.6
45.0
44.7
43.7
40.8
4.5
3.7
4.1
4.3
3.3
4.7
4.0
4.8
4.3
4.4
3.1
3.8
6.8
5.8
6.3
4.5
3.7
4.5
5.0
2.8
5.0
4.5
4.7
4.0
4.5
3.4
3.9
6.6
6.3
6.2
4.8
4.6
6.0
5.6
3.5
4.5
3.7
4.9
5.1
10.7
4.3
4.3
7.1
6.3
6.5
4.6
4.2
4.7
5.2
3.6
4.5
3.6
4.5
4.2
5.1
3.5
4.3
6.3
5.6
5.7
381
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
See footnotes at end of table.
102
Mar.
1998P
4.2
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
1987
SIC
Code
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
38
381
382
3822
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
/.
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942.4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
$17.40
17.88
21.34
15.62
16.54
11.12
18.68
(2)
18.13
16.54
13.20
14.65
10.71
16.83
19.53
(2)
11.50
11.30
$17.51
18.01
21.54
15.26
16.65
11.29
18.80
(2)
18.36
16.62
13.33
14.83
10.83
16.83
19.53
(2)
11.47
11.31
$17.79
18.28
22.32
16.09
16.96
11.36
19.00
(2)
18.78
16.81
13.52
14.98
11.16
17.07
19.85
(2)
11.74
11.81
$17.82
18.36
22.37
16.15
16.97
11.30
18.97
(2)
18.76
16.76
13.22
14.55
11.09
17.19
20.07
(2)
11.85
11.89
$17.94
18.51
$770.82
804.60
968.84
676.35
750.92
444.80
831.26
$787.95
824.86
995.15
676.02
769.23
464.02
838.46
$779.20
800.66
937.44
707.96
761.50
485.07
855.00
$775.17
798.66
948.49
708.99
753.47
465.56
844.17
$783.98
814.44
806.79
744.30
547.80
631.42
418.76
738.84
847.60
826.20
746.24
569.19
658.45
433.20
738.84
851.51
837.59
756.45
584.06
675.60
450.86
763.03
859.51
834.82
750.85
560.53
647.48
438.06
752.92
861.00
464.60
429.40
463.39
429.78
473.12
448.78
482.30
460.14
13.39
16.73
13.38
11.47
13.14
15.50
12.31
11.68
11.35
10.14
15.95
9.61
13.47
16.81
13.44
11.64
13.21
15.44
12.42
11.60
11.54
10.26
15.97
9.86
13.68
17.48
13.65
11.79
13.40
15.75
12.79
12.18
11.90
10.28
15.74
10.29
13.71
17.28
13.74
11.90
13.66
15.80
12.79
12.08
11.97
10.23
15.90
10.31
13.77
562.38
734.45
563.30
481.74
551.88
646.35
510.87
489.39
464.22
408.64
692.23
360.38
568.43
734.60
568.51
486.55
558.78
645.39
517.91
487.20
469.68
413.48
696.29
384.54
571.82
753.39
571.94
498.72
560.12
644.18
532.06
514.00
484.33
420.45
661.08
426.01
575.82
753.41
578.45
502.18
575.09
666.76
532.06
508.57
489.57
428.64
670.98
417.56
575.59
10.56
11.00
10.56
10.90
11.04
10.75
10.81
10.82
11.11
11.24
10.96
10.80
423.46
421.30
418.13
438.88
397.01
358.15
417.99
445.38
363.27
312.84
445.38
464.71
425.57
426.19
423.94
449.35
406.42
367.84
424.55
444.00
367.08
316.41
441.45
468.03
431.32
427.08
422.98
436.19
412.97
375.29
430.20
436.36
385.53
339.57
449.85
486.72
434.96
433.29
431.62
429.63
412.40
382.39
426.47
448.48
382.20
344.04
455.51
494.68
437.40
11.18
11.34
11.15
10.55
9.95
9.50
10.17
10.97
9.22
7.90
10.97
11.39
10.06
10.77
10.35
10.31
9.83
10.53
10.99
9.20
7.97
10.90
11.36
9.85
10.57
11.16
9.81
8.82
11.08
11.70
12.19
12.25
12.57
12.57
12.64
492.48
498.58
514.11
510.34
513.18
11.32
9.25
9.98
10.57
8.29
13.05
11.91
13.72
10.88
13.66
11.90
10.28
14.11
12.33
11.15
11.40
9.25
9.98
10.75
8.24
13.01
11.83
13.73
11.02
13.97
12.10
10.38
14.21
12.34
11.16
11.67
9.52
10.23
10.86
8.55
13.26
11.96
14.02
11.27
14.66
12.30
10.45
14.77
12.61
11.68
11.65
9.52
10.18
10.91
8.59
13.34
12.08
13.94
11.20
14.39
12.32
10.47
14.65
12.68
11.53
11.73
460.72
367.23
413.17
428.09
319.17
549.41
496.65
581.73
439.55
545.03
468.86
411.20
637.77
538.82
497.29
463.98
367.23
414.17
438.60
313.94
549.02
493.31
576.66
436.39
542.04
475.53
407.93
646.56
559.00
495.50
483.14
390.32
443.98
451.78
336.02
548.96
480.79
587.44
471.09
686.09
498.15
427.41
676.47
576.28
517.42
476.49
381.75
425.52
449.49
332.43
552.28
485.62
575.72
461.44
588.55
486.64
435.55
659.25
566.80
503.86
478.58
9.68
10.23
See footnotes at end of table.
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
103
11.24
9.80
8.89
11.11
11.92
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1996
Feb.
1998P
205
2051
39.6
39.4
40.1
39.8
39.9
39.5
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
40.1
40.1
51.6
46.0
43.2
38.5
42.6
41.5
44.1
40.9
40.8
40.8
39.9
46.1
46.2
42.0
38.4
42.4
43.3
46.8
43.0
40.1
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
39.1
39.1
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products.
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
Paperboard mills
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
40.1
39.8
4.1
4.2
4.6
4.5
4.2
4.1
4.3
4.3
40.6
42.5
59.5
48.2
43.5
40.9
43.1
42.2
46.4
41.4
39.1
40.6
40.7
59.7
47.6
42.7
38.7
42.4
41.9
45.6
41.6
40.1
3.9
3.7
13.4
9.9
3.6
2.5
5.8
4.1
6.5
3.7
6.3
4.9
3.6
9.9
9.7
2.9
2.6
5.8
5.3
7.5
5.4
5.3
4.2
4.7
14.9
9.0
4.2
3.8
6.3
4.6
7.4
4.1
4.6
4.2
3.9
14.9
9.8
3.4
3.0
5.6
4.6
7.0
4.3
5.6
39.1
39.1
37.8
37.5
37.4
36.7
37.0
3.3
4.0
3.0
3.3
2.6
3.1
2.0
1.8
40.3
39.7
40.1
40.6
39.3
38.9
36.4
37.2
38.5
38.2
42.3
42.0
42.8
41.7
42.3
40.5
41.3
37.0
42.4
41.2
40.5
40.8
42.2
40.6
40.0
38.9
38.3
39.8
39.3
43.7
43.1
43.7
42.1
41.7
41.8
42.4
38.6
43.2
41.6
42.8
41.9
38.9
40.5
39.9
38.0
38.3
40.1
40.3
39.7
42.4
42.3
43.2
42.8
41.9
42.4
39.2
43.1
41.1
42.1
41.3
38.8
40.0
39.6
37.7
38.6
39.8
38.0
39.7
41.5
41.1
43.0
42.4
41.6
42.5
38.1
42.2
41.2
4.2
4.6
4.4
5.0
3.0
3.1
2.8
2.6
2.5
2.4
5.6
5.1
5.3
4.9
5.5
4.2
4.5
2.9
4.9
4.5
4.7
4.7
6.0
3.2
3.5
2.8
3.1
3.0
2.5
6.1
5.9
6.1
5.1
4.7
4.6
4.9
3.4
5.1
4.7
5.8
5.0
3.9
3.0
3.4
1.3
3.1
3.3
2.2
4.5
5.3
5.2
5.6
5.9
4.8
5.1
3.7
5.0
4.3
5.3
4.8
3.6
2.7
3.2
1.9
3.2
2.9
1.4
4.4
5.0
4.8
5.6
5.3
4.4
4.8
3.0
4.5
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
36.9
37.2
36.2
35.5
35.9
36.2
35.6
35.3
37.2
34.5
35.4
37.4
36.5
40.1
37.0
37.6
37.7
38.6
37.4
37.5
40.9
37.5
37.4
36.7
35.9
36.4
36.6
36.0
35.1
37.5
34.5
35.9
37.8
36.6
41.3
36.5
36.2
38.5
39.9
39.0
38.9
42.4
37.3
37.1
36.6
36.1
36.5
37.8
36.2
34.5
38.2
35.2
36.2
37.4
36.9
38.8
37.4
37.3
37.1
39.1
35.3
40.3
39.3
37.1
36.7
36.2
36.4
35.3
37.3
36.5
34.7
38.3
36.8
36.3
36.6
36.4
37.1
36.0
36.2
37.5
38.8
36.0
39.2
39.2
37.2
2.0
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.4
2.2
1.6
1.5
2.0
1.6
3.4
2.0
2.9
1.7
3.3
1.3
2.8
4.9
2.2
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.8
1.2
2.3
1.5
1.9
2.4
1.6
4.8
2.2
2.9
2.4
3.7
2.4
3.5
5.1
2.0
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.3
2.3
1.0
1.8
1.7
1.5
2.3
3.1
3.8
1.3
3.2
0.9
4.0
3.2
2.0
1.0
1.2
1.4
0.9
1.4
1.8
1.6
2.5
1.2
1.8
1.5
1.3
2.0
2.5
3.2
1.3
3.2
1.2
3.4
3.2
26
262
263
43.3
45.5
44.7
43.5
45.6
44.7
43.7
45.6
44.9
42.9
45.2
44.7
43.1
5.1
6.4
7.0
5.4
6.8
7.4
5.4
6.3
6.7
5.1
6.4
6.4
S e e footnotes at end of table.
Average overtime hours
104
Mar.
1998P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
$12.27
12.36
$12.42
12.41
$12.49
12.68
2052.3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
12.12
12.40
12.43
17.55
13.59
11.34
12.33
15.83
21.50
13.27
10.07
12.45
12.67
12.44
17.60
13.65
11.71
12.50
15.97
21.85
13.30
10.01
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
18.52
24.62
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
9.89
10.21
10.86
10.39
9.21
9.05
8.43
8.95
8.50
9.12
9.96
10.06
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys1 suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
205
2051
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
9.95
10.44
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
$12.55
12.72
$485.89
486.98
$498.04
493.92
$498.35
500.86
$503.26
506.26
12.14
12.75
12.43
18.03
13.07
11.90
12.64
16.25
22.41
13.24
10.57
12.25
12.74
12.11
17.63
13.86
11.82
12.66
16.21
22.63
13.29
10.47
486.01
497.24
641.39
807.30
587.09
436.59
525.26
656.95
948.15
542.74
410.86
507.96
505.53
573.48
813.12
573.30
449.66
530.00
691.50
1,022.58
571.90
401.40
492.88
541.88
739.59
869.05
568.55
486.71
544.78
685.75
1,039.82
548.14
413.29
497.35
518.52
722.97
839.19
591.82
457.43
536.78
679.20
1,031.93
552.86
419.85
19.40
24.73
18.32
24.78
18.12
24.15
$18.41
724.13
962.64
758.54
966.94
692.50
929.25
677.69
886.31
$681.17
9.92
10.25
10.94
10.25
10.73
11.13
10.52
9.39
9.31
8.54
9.42
8.73
9.08
10.18
10.25
10.72
11.22
11.20
9.40
9.28
8.72
9.35
8.68
9.09
10.20
10.52
10.39
11.06
10.26
9.92
9.97
9.94
11.77
10.29
398.57
405.34
435.49
421.83
361.95
352.05
323.71
332.94
327.25
348.38
421.31
422.52
425.86
435.35
419.62
388.80
397.31
357.79
488.87
408.70
415.13
446.35
440.99
371.90
363.20
328.32
347.00
338.30
354.09
434.82
437.47
439.62
444.16
412.83
402.95
408.74
377.51
493.78
426.40
459.24
466.35
409.23
380.30
371.47
324.52
360.79
350.07
365.92
404.15
446.47
445.84
473.90
440.41
417.32
423.58
395.53
505.99
421.28
451.31
463.39
434.56
376.00
367.49
328.74
360.91
345.46
345.42
404.94
436.58
427.03
475.58
435.02
412.67
423.73
378.71
496.69
423.95
10.45
9.16
9.08
8.44
9.06
8.50
9.01
9.95
10.15
10.06
10.55
9.90
9.64
9.64
9.78
10.53
10.54
Mar.
Mar.
1998P
9.92
9.60
9.62
9.67
11.53
11.43
10.97
10.29
9.96
9.99
10.09
11.74
8.24
8.33
7.69
7.59
7.78
7.63
7.70
6.82
8.75
7.80
7.56
7.77
7.63
8.12
7.54
7.47
7.85
9.49
7.93
8.50
12.04
8.41
8.61
7.96
7.79
8.15
7.84
8.05
7.39
8.87
7.85
7.98
8.13
7.94
8.69
7.72
7.44
7.97
9.29
8.31
6.90
11.15
8.39
8.53
7.91
7.77
8.02
7.84
7.99
7.30
8.98
7.82
7.86
8.11
7.88
8.81
7.69
7.36
7.93
9.33
8.21
8.89
11.17
8.40
302.21
311.36
275.48
265.90
273.92
274.76
272.70
243.92
321.78
270.83
265.85
289.48
277.04
328.02
270.10
273.73
290.67
367.47
294.71
318.75
498.16
309.00
311.54
282.22
272.48
263.19
279.26
277.20
239.38
328.13
269.10
271.40
293.71
279.26
335.36
275.21
270.41
302.23
378.65
309.27
330.65
510.50
313.69
319.43
291.34
281.22
297.48
296.35
291.41
254.96
338.83
276.32
288.88
304.06
292.99
337.17
288.73
277.51
295.69
363.24
293.34
358.67
438.20
311.27
313.05
286.34
282.83
283.11
292.43
291.64
253.31
343.93
287.78
285.32
296.83
286.83
326.85
276.84
266.43
297.38
362.00
295.56
348.49
437.86
312.48
238
239
2391
2392
2396
8.19
8.37
7.61
7.49
7.63
7.59
7.66
6.91
8.65
7.85
7.51
7.74
7.59
8.18
7.30
7.28
7.71
9.52
7.88
8.50
12.18
26
262
263
14.78
18.57
18.65
14.93
18.78
18.80
15.20
19.25
18.99
15.24
19.32
18.99
15.34
639.97
844.94
833.66
649.46
856.37
840.36
664.24
877.80
852.65
653.80
873.26
848.85
661.15
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
See footnotes at end of table.
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
105
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
1987
SIC
Code
Industry
Average weekly hours
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
42.3
42.4
40.8
42.7
42.1
44.2
42.4
41.4
42.7
43.0
42.4
42.7
42.4
44.3
42.5
42.2
43.2
43.3
42.4
43.6
42.6
43.8
41.4
42.0
41.9
42.2
41.5
41.5
42.0
43.1
40.8
41.1
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279
38.1
33.1
37.6
38.0
36.2
40.0
36.3
39.6
39.6
39.4
41.5
39.3
39.6
38.7
33.3
36.8
39.2
37.0
41.6
36.3
40.5
40.5
40.3
41.3
40.4
39.9
38.0
32.3
36.0
39.6
38.0
41.3
35.2
39.8
39.5
40.2
41.5
39.2
39.3
38.2
33.0
36.0
39.2
37.3
41.2
36.0
39.9
39.8
40.1
41.6
39.0
40.0
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289
43.1
46.7
47.1
43.3
45.4
41.1
41.6
41.6
40.4
42.2
39.6
39.9
42.7
44.9
45.7
44.7
45.6
43.4
43.2
46.4
46.7
43.1
45.1
41.1
42.0
42.1
41.0
42.7
40.1
40.7
42.9
44.4
44.6
44.4
45.4
43.6
43.4
46.8
46.2
44.2
44.9
42.8
41.7
42.0
41.7
43.4
41.5
41.0
43.2
44.3
44.0
44.4
45.0
43.2
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
43.4
44.2
41.7
43.0
43.6
42.2
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee
30
301
302
305
3052
306
308
41.5
43.8
41.1
42.8
43.7
42.2
41.1
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
31
Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
,
2841
2842.3
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
4.6
4.6
4.1
5.1
4.3
3.9
4.9
3.8
4.9
5.0
4.9
5.5
4.4
4.3
4.7
4.2
5.2
5.2
4.8
6.0
4.8
4.6
4.5
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.1
4.7
4.5
4.3
4.5
4.0
38.5
3.0
1.1
3.2
3.5
2.8
4.3
2.1
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.4
2.3
4.1
3.5
1.3
2.8
4.0
3.2
4.8
2.0
4.4
4.4
4.2
3.2
3.0
4.5
3.0
1.0
2.0
3.3
2.6
4.2
2.1
3.8
3.7
3.9
3.9
2.4
4.4
3.0
1.3
1.5
3.1
2.5
3.8
2.3
3.8
3.9
3.7
3.5
2.2
4.4
43.3
46.2
45.3
43.6
44.4
43.0
41.3
41.6
41.8
43.5
41.1
41.4
43.0
44.8
44.4
44.9
45.2
43.4
43.4
5.1
6.1
6.0
5.5
5.8
5.0
4.8
4.7
3.0
3.8
2.5
3.0
4.4
6.3
6.7
6.2
6.4
4.9
5.1
5.8
5.8
5.4
5.6
5.0
5.0
4.9
3.3
3.7
3.0
3.3
4.8
6.1
6.4
6.0
6.7
5.1
5.2
6.0
5.8
5.3
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.2
3.8
4.9
4.0
3.2
5.0
6.0
5.0
6.2
6.6
4.7
5.0
5.8
5.7
5.2
5.1
5.0
4.7
4.7
3.2
4.4
3.8
2.4
4.7
6.4
5.9
6.5
6.9
4.8
44.5
45.7
41.3
42.1
42.2
41.8
42.5
5.9
6.0
6.4
5.9
5.8
6.8
6.0
6.3
5.6
5.9
6.0
6.2
41.8
44.2
41.8
43.3
44.9
42.4
41.3
42.0
43.6
40.2
43.3
43.9
43.0
41.5
41.6
43.1
42.1
42.7
43.7
42.5
41.3
41.5
4.2
6.1
2.1
4.8
5.1
4.5
4.0
4.5
6.4
2.9
5.5
5.9
4.6
4.2
4.5
5.7
1.8
5.1
5.6
4.7
4.3
4.3
5.9
3.8
4.6
5.3
4.5
4.1
37.8
42.7
36.7
37.4
35.9
37.2
37.9
38.5
43.3
37.4
37.9
36.8
38.3
38.1
37.7
43.0
36.2
36.6
36.4
37.6
37.6
37.9
42.7
36.3
35.9
37.0
37.1
38.4
37.5
2.0
6.4
1.5
2.1
0.4
1.5
1.1
2.1
5.9
1.5
1.7
1.0
2.1
1.2
2.3
5.0
1.8
2.2
1.1
1.8
1.4
2.3
4.5
2.1
1.9
3.0
1.4
1.2
32.8
32.9
32.4
33.0
32.9
39.5
39.5
39.2
39.8
39.3
See footnotes at end of table.
Average overtime hours
106
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
1987
SIC
Code
Average hourly earnings
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
$12.48
12.40
12.80
13.14
12.95
14.63
11.76
11.75
$12.63
12.54
12.95
13.38
13.08
15.21
11.76
11.84
$12.98
12.88
13.27
13.75
13.25
15.10
11.96
12.14
$12.95
12.88
13.22
13.65
13.25
15.17
12.06
12.20
27
271
272
273
13.01
12.85
14.17
12.20
11.68
12.72
12.77
13.27
13.57
12.57
13.32
10.23
16.02
13.27
13.09
14.72
12.26
11.66
12.85
12.80
13.50
13.77
12.78
14.22
10.27
16.89
13.32
13.11
14.74
12.24
11.65
12.81
13.11
13.54
13.83
12.79
14.19
10.32
16.91
Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
$527.90
525.76
522.24
561.08
545.20
646.65
498.62
486.45
$539.30
539.22
549.08
571.33
554.59
673.80
499.80
499.65
$560.74
557.70
562.65
599.50
564.45
661.38
495.14
509.88
$542.61
543.54
548.63
566.48
556.50
653.83
492.05
501.42
$13.38
491.49
425.34
534.30
459.04
426.80
494.80
455.93
518.36
530.64
487.77
554.44
394.18
633.60
503.49
427.91
521.46
478.24
432.16
529.15
463.55
537.44
549.59
506.57
550.12
413.29
639.20
504.26
422.81
529.92
485.50
443.08
530.71
450.56
537.30
543.92
513.76
590.13
402.58
663.78
508.82
432.63
530.64
479.81
434.55
527.77
471.96
540.25
550.43
512.88
590.30
402.48
676.40
$515.13
Mar.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
279
12.90
12.85
14.21
12.08
11.79
12.37
12.56
13.09
13.40
12.38
13.36
10.03
16.00
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842.3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289
16.49
18.37
18.63
17.07
18.95
14.77
16.46
16.41
13.29
16.54
12.50
12.11
13.86
19.72
19.69
19.86
16.37
14.94
16.42
18.32
18.55
17.10
19.01
14.75
16.35
16.26
13.24
16.44
12.62
12.01
13.96
19.70
19.75
19.82
16.15
14.85
16.89
18.92
19.24
17.46
19.61
14.91
16.79
16.72
13.93
18.12
13.41
12.21
14.34
20.03
19.79
20.21
16.93
.15.13
16.93
18.91
19.33
17.58
19.72
14.97
16.94
16.92
13.82
18.15
13.30
12.04
14.42
20.15
20.19
20.27
16.88
15.12
17.04
710.72
857.88
877.47
739.13
860.33
607.05
684.74
682.66
536.92
697.99
495.00
483.19
591.82
885.43
899.83
887.74
746.47
648.40
709.34
850.05
866.29
737.01
857.35
606.23
686.70
684.55
542.84
701.99
506.06
488.81
598.88
874.68
880.85
880.01
733.21
647.46
733.03
885.46
888.89
771.73
880.49
638.15
700.14
702.24
580.88
786.41
556.52
500.61
619.49
887.33
870.76
897.32
761.85
653.62
733.07
873.64
875.65
766.49
875.57
643.71
699.62
703.87
577.68
789.53
546.63
498.46
620.06
902.72
896.44
910.12
762.98
656.21
739.54
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
20.42
22.53
14.51
20.51
22.85
14.33
20.65
22.89
14.46
20.93
23.49
14.67
20.98
886.23
995.83
605.07
881.93
996.26
604.73
918.93
597.20
881.15
991.28
613.21
891.65
1,046.07
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee
30
301
302
305
3052
306
308
11.45
18.50
9.51
11.54
11.71
10.95
10.78
11.50
18.62
9.64
11.70
11.87
11.07
10.80
11.74
18.43
9.91
11.65
11.83
11.47
11.10
11.74
18.50
9.91
11.61
11.84
11.43
11.10
11.78
475.18
810.30
390.86
493.91
511.73
462.09
443.06
480.70
823.00
402.95
506.61
532.96
469.37
446.04
493.08
803.55
398.38
504.45
519.34
493.21
460.65
488.38
797.35
417.21
495.75
517.41
485.78
458.43
488.87
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
31
8.91
11.88
8.48
9.34
7.34
8.56
7.88
8.86
11.78
8.39
9.14
7.35
8.86
7.74
9.29
11.79
8.87
9.59
7.59
9.04
8.15
9.23
11.70
8.79
9.47
7.68
9.12
8.11
9.30
336.80
507.28
311.22
349.32
263.51
318.43
298.65
341.11
510.07
313.79
346.41
270.48
339.34
294.89
350.23
506.97
321.09
350.99
276.28
339.90
306.44
349.82
499.59
319.08
339.97
284.16
338.35
311.42
348.75
11.64
11.66
12.09
12.15
12.17
381.79
383.61
391.72
400.95
400.39
14.66
14.70
15.22
15.19
15.17
579.07
580.65
596.62
604.56
596.18
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
See footnotes at end of table.
107
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak 3
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
4011
49.4
49.5
48.3
47.9
41
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation
411
413
33.9
37.9
38.7
33.9
37.9
38.1
33.7
38.2
39.4
34.5
38.7
39.5
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
39.4
39.3
39.4
39.7
39.8
39.5
39.0
38.9
40.0
39.3
39.3
39.8
Water transportation:
Water transportation services
449
38.6
39.0
38.7
39.1
Pipelines, except natural gas
46
44.8
44.6
45.4
44.5
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
47
472
4724
473
39.2
38.9
38.5
39.8
39.1
39.1
38.7
39.4
36.9
36.7
36.8
36.7
38.3
38.3
38.5
38.1
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services
48
481
4813
483
39.9
41.4
41.9
35.6
39.1
40.0
41.6
41.9
35.4
39.0
40.5
42.2
42.8
35.3
40.0
41.1
42.9
43.3
35.9
40.0
41.8
41.4
42.5
43.0
41.6
41.9
41.7
42.0
42.6
42.1
42.1
41.7
42.0
43.8
42.0
41.7
41.8
42.3
40.6
42.2
38.5
38.5
38.1
38.5
39.3
38.1
37.6
39.2
40.1
39.8
42.3
39.6
39.2
39.6
37.9
39.3
38.2
37.2
39.7
39.9
40.0
42.2
39.7
39.3
39.7
38.0
38.9
37.6
38.0
38.9
39.5
39.2
41.0
39.0
39.1
39.3
37.4
39.3
37.9
37.9
39.1
40.4
39.8
41.6
39.4
39.3
39.7
37.4
37.3
36.1
36.9
37.2
38.2
33.7
40.4
37.7
37.7
36.2
37.4
36.3
36.6
37.5
38.3
34.1
40.5
37.6
37.5
36.3
36.9
36.5
36.1
37.0
37.8
32.7
39.9
37.7
37.2
35.6
37.4
37.3
36.9
37.6
38.1
32.8
40.5
37.5
37.6
36.4
28.7
28.7
28.1
28.8
34.8
36.6
35.4
30.4
30.8
35.0
36.7
35.5
30.9
31.5
33.8
35.2
34.7
30.3
29.5
34.6
36.2
34.8
30.4
30.2
Electric, gas. and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
484
49
491
492
493
495
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment ....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer. wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
51
509
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
52
521
523
525
526
See footnotes at end of table.
108
Average overtime hours
Mar.
1998P
38.5
28.7
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak3
1987
SIC
Code
4011
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
$17.99
$909.95
$891.00
$874.23
$861.72
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
$18.42
$18.00
$18.10
Mar.
1998P
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation
41
411
413
10.86
11.39
13.84
10.84
11.36
13.89
11.14
11.61
13.92
11.12
11.73
13.81
368.15
431.68
535.61
367.48
430.54
529.21
375.42
443.50
548.45
383.64
453.95
545.50
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
13.02
13.24
10.79
13.04
13.25
10.88
13.45
13.69
11.13
13.47
13.71
11.08
512.99
520.33
425.13
517.69
527.35
429.76
524.55
532.54
445.20
529.37
538.80
440.98
Water transportation:
Water transportation services
449
19.60
19.18
20.27
20.76
756.56
748.02
784.45
811.72
Pipelines, except natural gas
46
20.64
20.62
20.33
20.79
924.67
919.65
922.98
925.16
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
47
472
4724
473
12.78
12.76
13.02
13.19
13.00
13.09
13.49
13.28
13.35
13.64
13.89
13.32
13.31
13.52
13.76
13.40
500.98
496.36
501.27
524.96
508.30
511.82
522.06
523.23
492.62
500.59
511.15
488.84
509.77
517.82
529.76
510.54
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services
48
481
4813
483
484
16.50
17.18
17.70
16.32
13.25
16.64
17.35
17.85
16.32
13.41
17.38
18.04
18.57
17.45
14.00
17.25
17.94
18.50
17.22
13.89
658.35
711.25
741.63
580.99
518.08
665.60
721.76
747.92
577.73
522.99
703.89
761.29
794.80
615.99
560.00
708.98
769.63
801.05
618.20
555.60
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
49
491
492
493
495
18.82
19.76
17.95
22.70
14.18
19.00
20.03
18.01
22.96
14.21
19.87
20.93
18.26
24.36
15.12
19.65
20.92
18.49
22.86
15.50
786.68
818.06
762.88
976.10
589.89
796.10
835.25
756.42
978.10
598.24
836.53
872.78
766.92
1,066.97
635.04
819.41
874.46
782.13
928.12
654.10
13.26
13.28
13.76
13.85
510.51
511.28
524.26
533.23
13.83
12.06
12.26
12.48
16.40
15.38
13.44
14.94
12.96
13.86
10.75
13.84
12.11
12.31
12.53
16.38
15.50
13.38
15.04
13.01
13.81
10.78
14.34
12.79
12.60
12.98
16.84
16.62
13.77
15.45
13.55
14.42
11.16
14.43
12.88
12.53
12.97
16.96
16.97
14.00
15.58
13.62
14.48
11.21
543.52
459.49
460.98
489.22
657.64
612.12
568.51
591.62
508.03
548.86
407.43
543.91
462.60
457.93
497.44
653.56
620.00
564.64
597.09
511.29
548.26
409.64
557.83
480.90
478.80
504.92
665.18
651.50
564.57
602.55
529.81
566.71
417.38
567.10
488.15
474.89
507.13
685.18
675.41
582.40
613.85
535.27
574.86
419.25
12.43
12.61
16.14
12.45
12.59
9.53
13.87
11.62
14.22
10.29
12.46
12.46
16.22
12.47
12.68
9.55
13.99
11.54
14.41
10.30
12.90
13.29
16.54
12.82
13.02
9.81
14.62
11.97
15.04
10.74
12.97
13.34
16.97
13.00
13.10
9.83
14.74
11.90
14.96
10.69
463.64
455.22
595.57
463.14
480.94
321.16
560.35
438.07
536.09
372.50
466.00
452.30
593.65
467.63
485.64
325.66
566.60
433.90
540.38
373.89
476.01
485.09
597.09
474.34
492.16
320.79
583.34
451.27
559.49
382.34
485.08
497.58
626.19
488.80
499.11
322.42
596.97
446.25
562.50
389.12
8.24
8.27
8.63
8.62
236.49
237.35
242.50
248.26
9.77
10.18
10.21
8.14
9.02
9.72
10.14
10.20
8.15
8.85
340.00
372.59
361.43
247.46
277.82
340.20
372.14
362.10
251.84
278.78
341.72
369.60
364.00
255.43
276.71
350.50
380.82
365.40
256.88
279.35
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
51
508
509
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
52
521
523
525
526
10.13
10.52
10.50
8.45
10.49
8.43
9.38
See footnotes at end of table.
10.11
10.50
109
9.25
$13.85
8.65
Mar.
1998P
$533.23
248.26
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
53
531
533
539
28.4
28.4
26.4
28.9
29.1
29.2
27.3
29.4
28.2
28.2
26.3
29.1
29.2
29.3
26.9
29.5
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
546
29.5
29.6
28.4
29.3
29.4
28.3
29.0
29.2
27.8
29.5
29.6
29.0
Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee
55
551
553
554
559
35.4
37.1
37.2
31.8
36.2
35.5
37.0
37.4
31.9
36.3
35.2
36.8
37.2
31.7
35.7
35.4
37.0
37.4
31.8
34.9
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
26.0
29.0
24.2
26.4
26.5
26.5
28.7
24.9
27.3
26.2
25.9
28.1
23.7
26.8
25.8
26.1
28.2
24.1
26.7
25.9
Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...
57
571
572
573
5731
5735
32.8
33.0
34.5
32.4
32.4
25.0
32.8
32.9
34.7
32.3
32.5
24.7
32.5
32.2
34.1
32.5
33.0
24.5
32.9
32.7
34.4
32.9
32.9
25.0
Eating and drinking places4
58
25.2
25.3
24.3
25.3
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee
59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999
29.5
28.7
30.6
27.6
31.9
39.9
31.1
33.5
29.5
29.2
28.6
30.6
27.7
32.1
38.4
29.5
33.1
29.7
28.8
28.5
30.3
26.6
31.9
38.6
29.6
33.2
29.7
29.5
28.5
30.2
27.5
31.9
38.6
31.7
34.0
30.2
36.7
36.5
36.1
37.1
Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions
60
602
6022
6021.9
606
35.8
35.5
35.9
35.3
36.2
35.4
35.1
35.7
34.7
36.2
35.1
34.8
34.9
34.7
35.8
36.1
35.9
35.9
35.9
36.2
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
61
614
39.0
39.6
39.0
39.7
37.4
37.6
38.9
39.2
Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services
628
38.8
38.7
37.3
39.7
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
63
631
632
6324
633
39.1
38.8
39.4
39.5
39.1
39.1
39.0
39.2
39.3
39.0
39.0
38.5
39.3
39.8
39.6
39.9
40.4
40.0
40.5
39.5
32.7
32.6
32.4
32.8
32.3
33.1
31.8
32.6
Services
Agricultural services
07
See footnotes at end of table.
110
Average overtime hours
Mar.
1998P
36.9
32.7
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
$8.49
8.53
7.90
8.27
$229.47
230.89
196.94
221 AS
$237.46
239.73
204.48
231.97
$238.01
239.14
205.14
242.11
$247.91
249.93
212.51
243.97
8.93
9.04
7.84
8.93
9.04
7.85
254.00
257.82
214.42
253.45
257.54
214.80
258.97
263.97
217.95
263.44
267.58
227.65
14.24
11.56
14.42
11.72
14.63
559
9.26
7.37
12.26
9.33
7.39
12.39
9.64
7.68
12.84
9.76
7.66
12.57
396.48
520.51
344.47
234.37
443.81
401.51
526.88
348.94
235.74
449.76
406.91
530.66
358.61
243.46
458.39
414.89
541.31
365.02
243.59
438.69
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
7.94
9.37
7.84
7.73
7.75
7.96
9.42
7.92
7.70
7.82
8.27
10.20
8.21
7.89
8.22
8.35
9.95
8.31
6.09
8.18
206.44
271.73
189.73
204.07
205.38
210.94
270.35
197.21
210.21
204.88
214.19
286.62
194.58
211.45
212.08
217.94
280.59
200.27
216.00
211.86
Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores ..
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores .
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...
57
571
572
573
10.92
10.27
10.54
11.79
10.97
6.89
11.01
10.37
10.44
11.92
10.88
6.91
11.68
10.98
11.04
12.59
11.56
7.34
11.76
11.06
11.13
12.68
11.89
7.28
356.18
338.91
363.63
382.00
355.43
172.25
361.13
341.17
362.27
385.02
353.60
170.68
379.60
353.56
376.46
409.18
381.48
179.83
386.90
361.66
382.87
417.17
391.18
182.00
Eating and drinking places4
58
5.93
5.95
6.24
6.24
149.44
150.54
151.63
157.87
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ...
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee
59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999
9.05
9.52
7.63
8.39
9.54
12.41
9.04
11.28
9.42
9.07
9.56
7.61
8.42
9.58
12.22
9.14
11.22
9.44
9.40
9.85
7.73
8.86
9.84
12.89
9.29
11.11
9.60
9.34
9.91
7.83
8.64
9.99
12.81
9.20
11.06
9.60
266.98
273.22
233.48
231.56
304.33
495.16
281.14
377.88
277.89
264.84
273.42
232.87
233.23
307.52
469.25
269.63
371.38
280.37
270.72
280.73
234.22
235.68
313.90
497.55
274.98
368.85
285.12
275.53
282.44
236.47
237.60
318.68
494.47
291.64
376.04
289.92
13.15
13.20
13.67
13.91
482.61
481.80
493.49
516.06
10.54
10.07
9.94
10.16
10.45
10.71
10.24
10.05
10.37
10.50
366.95
347.55
345.00
349.82
365.98
361.08
340.47
342.36
339.37
366.34
369.95
350.44
346.91
352.55
374.11
386.63
367.62
360.80
372.28
380.10
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
53
531
533
539
$8.08
8.13
7.46
7.86
$8.16
8.21
7.49
7.89
$8.44
8.48
7.80
8.32
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
546
8.61
8.71
7.55
8.65
8.76
7.59
Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee
55
551
553
554
11.20
11.31
14.03
Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
5731
5735
Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
$13.95
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions
60
602
6022
6021.9
606
10.25
9.79
9.61
9.91
10.11
10.20
9.70
9.59
9.78
10.12
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
61
614
13.22
11.50
13.32
11.47
14.15
11.87
14.34
11.98
515.58
455.40
519.48
455.36
529.21
446.31
557.83
469.62
Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services
628
18.70
18.65
20.27
20.32
725.56
721.76
756.07
806.70
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ...
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
63
631
632
6324
633
15.47
14.26
14.64
14.91
16.86
15.60
14.49
14.74
15.02
16.94
16.28
14.74
15.06
15.38
17.91
16.51
15.00
15.41
15.73
18.18
604.88
553.29
576.82
588.95
659.23
609.96
565.11
577.81
590.29
660.66
634.92
567.49
591.86
612.12
709.24
658.75
606.00
616.40
637.07
718.11
12.24
12.24
12.67
12.75
400.25
399.02
410.51
418.20
9.51
9.43
10.00
9.92
307.17
312.13
318.00
323.39
Services
Agricultural services
07
See footnotes at end of table.
Ill
12.77
Mar.
1998P
$514.76
417.58
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
1987
SIC
Code
Industry
Average weekly hours
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
074
078
28.6
34.1
28.7
35.3
28.4
33.6
29.0
34.5
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4
701
31.0
31.1
29.6
31.2
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services
721
723
729
33.5
27.9
28.8
33.8
28.1
25.9
33.5
27.7
23.7
33.8
28.3
28.9
Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
73
731
33.5
37.3
33.6
37.3
33.4
36.2
33.7
37.0
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
36.3
29.0
37.7
28.2
38.6
38.1
39.5
38.4
36.2
28.8
37.5
27.9
39.0
38.1
40.6
38.8
37.2
28.1
35.4
27.4
37.9
36.8
39.3
37.7
38.5
28.5
37.0
27.6
38.3
36.8
40.4
38.0
7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
32.4
38.5
38.8
39.6
38.4
38.5
33.0
34.7
36.4
32.6
38.4
38.7
39.4
38.1
38.6
33.1
34.7
36.0
32.6
38.2
37.9
39.1
38.6
38.4
32.7
34.1
35.6
32.5
38.9
38.2
40.3
39.4
38.9
32.9
34.4
35.4
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes
75
751
7514
752
753
7532.4
7538
754
7542
36.0
36.0
35.8
34.0
38.3
38.5
37.7
31.0
27.9
36.1
36.4
36.5
33.9
38.3
38.3
37.8
31.0
28.4
35.4
36.3
36.3
32.9
38.0
38.1
37.6
29.1
25.0
35.7
36.6
36.6
33.6
38.1
38.2
37.6
29.9
26.6
Miscellaneous repair services
76
38.3
38.5
37.9
38.1
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental
78
781
784
30.6
39.6
24.0
30.3
39.1
24.1
30.0
38.7
23.9
30.3
39.1
23.5
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
26.5
24.8
26.0
19.1
27.8
26.3
24.7
25.8
19.0
27.8
26.2
24.8
25.4
19.0
27.0
26.5
25.2
25.8
19.8
27.8
80
801
802
804
805
8052
806
33.0
33.4
28.7
30.5
32.4
31.9
34.6
33.0
33.3
28.7
30.9
32.3
31.8
34.7
33.2
33.0
28.0
30.0
32.4
31.7
35.2
33.4
33.5
28.6
30.5
32.5
31.6
35.3
Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
,
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners ....
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals
See footnotes at end of table.
112
Average overtime hours
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
ESTABUSHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
$9.78
10.06
$267.98
330.43
$269.21
336.76
$277.47
342.72
$283.62
347.07
8.84
8.90
262.57
263.42
261.66
277.68
7.99
9.00
8.13
8.20
9.23
8.83
8.23
9.21
8.66
265.99
246.92
229.25
270.06
252.90
210.57
274.70
255.67
209.27
278.17
260.64
250.27
11.73
16.76
11.72
16.81
12.23
17.06
12.39
17.32
392.96
625.15
393.79
627.01
408.48
617.57
417.54
640.84
10.88
7.77
10.87
7.75
10.11
7.45
11.93
11.10
11.24
10.89
7.75
12.27
12.02
15.80
11.28
11.10
8.12
10.97
7.76
12.41
12.12
15.91
11.41
394.94
225.33
378.89
211.22
454.71
411.48
603.96
420.10
393.49
223.20
379.13
207.86
465.27
422.91
634.58
426.02
418.13
227.33
385.51
212.35
465.03
442.34
620.94
425.26
427.35
231.42
405.89
214.18
475.30
446.02
642.76
433.58
10.06
20.30
23.61
20.49
16.02
15.36
9.97
8.08
12.68
10.15
20.69
24.08
20.84
15.93
15.41
10.00
8.09
12.56
311.69
759.61
861.92
801.90
573.70
542.47
318.12
265.80
437.53
313.61
756.48
879.65
795.49
569.9o
545.03
321.07
265.46
434.16
327.96
775.46
894.82
801.16
618.37
589.82
326.02
275.53
451.41
329.88
804.84
919.86
839.85
627.64
599.45
329.00
278.30
444.62
10.90
10.87
10.45
9.46
8.14
12.16
6.90
10.46
9.95
8.90
7.50
11.79
12.36
11.78
7.84
6.89
8.38
7.31
12.74
12.08
8.31
7.24
375.48
356.04
317.55
256.36
450.41
477.40
441.84
241.18
192.51
377.61
362.18
324.85
254.25
451.56
473.39
445.28
243.04
195.68
385.86
378.25
341.22
268.79
461.70
487.68
454.96
243.86
182.75
388.06
382.47
346.24
273.50
463.30
486.67
454.21
248.47
192.58
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1996
074
078
$9.37
9.69
$9.38
9.54
$9.77
10.20
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4
701
8.47
8.47
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services
721
723
729
7.94
8.85
7.96
73
731
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
7.49
11.78
10.80
15.29
10.94
Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
9.62
19.73
22.73
20.25
14.94
14.09
9.64
7381
7382
7.66
12.02
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes
75
751
7514
752
753
7532.4
7538
754
7542
10.43
Miscellaneous repair services
76
12.56
12.52
12.93
13.04
481.05
482.02
490.05
496.82
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental
78
781
784
14.52
20.28
6.40
14.35
20.05
6.39
14.82
20.40
7.04
14.93
20.03
7.09
444.31
803.09
153.60
434.81
783.96
154.00
444.60
789.48
168.26
452.38
783.17
166.62
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
9.42
7.18
8.84
8.30
9.20
9.40
7.25
8.82
8.28
9.12
9.77
7.44
9.09
8.75
9.56
9.65
7.41
9.07
8.78
9.53
249.63
178.06
229.84
158.53
255.76
247.22
179.08
227.56
157.32
253.54
255.97
184.51
230.89
166.25
258.12
261.03
186.73
234.01
173.84
264.93
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals
80
801
802
804
805
8052
806
13.12
13.14
13.66
13.54
14.10
13.95
12.95
9.61
9.10
15.26
13.56
14.17
13.96
13.08
9.62
9.09
432.96
453.91
385.73
372.10
298.08
275.30
515.89
433.62
454.88
388.60
377.91
297.16
274.12
517.38
449.53
465.30
390.60
388.50
311.36
288.47
537.15
452.90
474.70
399.26
398.94
312.65
287.24
538.33
10.05
9.89
8.87
7.54
11.76
12.40
11.72
7.78
13.59
13.44
12.20
9.20
8.63
14.91
15.63
10.98
9.62
19.70
22.73
20.19
14.96
14.12
9.70
7.65
12.06
13.54
12.23
9.20
8.62
14.91
See footnotes at end of table.
113
8.09
10.42
9.40
8.17
12.15
12.80
12.10
15.25
Mar.
1998P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
808
28.8
28.8
29.2
29.3
Legal services
81
35.5
35.3
34.6
35.5
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee
83
832
833
835
836
839
31.4
31.7
31.1
30.1
32.2
32.3
31.3
31.5
30.9
29.8
32.1
32.4
31.0
31.2
30.6
29.4
32.1
32.3
31.4
31.4
30.8
30.1
32.4
32.8
Membership organizations:
Professional organizations
862
35.3
35.2
34.8
35.5
Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
37.9
39.5
39.8
39.1
37.7
37.9
37.0
40.7
30.7
37.1
36.8
35.9
37.4
36.4
37.9
39.5
39.9
38.6
37.4
38.7
36.6
40.3
30.2
36.8
36.5
35.9
36.9
36.4
37.0
38.9
39.2
38.2
37.3
36.8
36.1
40.0
29.5
35.7
35.8
34.7
36.3
34.9
37.8
39.5
39.7
39.0
37.8
38.5
36.5
40.0
30.4
36.3
36.3
35.2
36.8
36.5
Services, nee
89
36.4
35.9
34.0
34.3
Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services
See footnotes at end of table.
114
Average overtime hours
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
1987
SIC
Code
Industry
Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services
,
808
Average hourly earnings
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
$11.34
$11.32
$11.35
Average weekly earnings
Mar.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
$11.38
$326.59
$326.02
$331.42
$333.43
Legal services
81
17.28
17.33
17.61
17.97
613.44
611.75
609.31
637.94
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee
83
832
833
835
836
839
8.75
9.31
8.53
7.50
8.85
10.56
8.76
9.31
8.55
7.52
8.85
10.54
9.02
9.54
8.74
7.80
9.14
10.94
9.07
9.62
8.79
7.82
9.15
11.15
274.75
295.13
265.28
225.75
284.97
341.09
274.19
293.27
264.20
224.10
284.09
341.50
279.62
297.65
267.44
229.32
293.39
353.36
284.80
302.07
270.73
235.38
296.46
365.72
Membership organizations:
Professional organizations
862
17.37
17.39
18.26
18.36
613.16
612.13
635.45
651.78
Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
16.99
18.75
19.57
16.85
13.22
14.41
17.95
20.12
13.92
20.93
16.15
14.50
18.24
14.99
17.01
18.89
19.71
17.00
13.35
14.46
17.96
20.00
14.10
20.92
16.07
14.43
18.11
14.95
17.48
19.27
20.15
17.20
13.51
14.87
.18.23
19.90
14.79
21.53
16.72
15.15
18.78
15.53
17.69
19.50
20.35
17.55
13.67
15.18
18.41
20.37
14.68
21.67
17.00
15.33
19.10
15.58
643.92
740.63
778.89
658.84
498.39
546.14
664.15
818.88
427.34
776.50
594.32
520.55
682.18
545.64
644.68
746.16
786.43
656.20
499.29
559.60
657.34
806.00
425.82
769.86
586.56
518.04
668.26
544.18
646.76
749.60
789.88
657.04
503.92
547.22
658.10
796.00
436.31
768.62
598.58
525.71
681.71
542.00
668.68
770.25
807.90
684.45
516.73
584.43
671.97
814.80
446.27
786.62
617.10
539.62
702.88
568.67
Services, nee
89
17.14
17.04
17.46
17.46
623.90
611.74
593.64
598.88
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction
workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
2
See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided
missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million or
more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
4
Mar.
1998P
Money payments only; tips, not included.
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
" Data not available.
p
a preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1996
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to revision.
5
115
A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing
For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to escalate
labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and
their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition
take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not
capture "lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general
wage increases" which were negotiated in aerospace
manufacturers'collective bargaining agreements beginning in
late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry,
BLS has calculated average hourly earnings series for SIC
3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sum payments. These
series, beginning in October 1983, the effective date of the
first aerospace bargaining agreement using lump-sum
payments, were published in the June 1988 issue of Employment
and Earnings. Current and year earlier data are presented in
table B-15a along with the average hourly earnings series
produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics
program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series
Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments
$20.50
$20.63
$20.84
$20.87
$20.43
$20.67
$21.26
$21.50
Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments
20.88
21.02
20.86
20.89
20.43
20.67
21.45
21.66
= preliminary.
116
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
12.36
$12.39
$12.70
$12.73
$12.77
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
12.85
10.12
9.99
12.31
14.08
12.08
13.08
11.88
16.24
12.80
10.18
12.88
10.09
10.04
12.25
14.12
12.09
13.10
11.90
16.30
12.84
10.15
13.20
10.39
10.29
12.62
14.40
12.30
13.47
12.40
16.65
13.10
10.44
13.22
10.39
10.33
12.65
14.40
12.32
13.50
12.39
16.71
13.12
10.41
13.26
(2)
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
11.62
10.72
17.77
9.41
7.97
13.95
12.40
15.58
19.11
10.89
8.68
11.65
10.81
18.69
9.41
8.00
14.06
12.45
15.50
19.20
10.92
8.63
11.95
11.03
17.72
9.70
8.19
14.31
12.77
15.94
19.35
11.14
9.01
11.98
11.03
17.64
9.73
8.17
14.38
12.82
16.01
19.56
11.16
8.96
Manufacturing
1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.
3
Feb.
1997
Industry
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
$12.03
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1996 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1996 forward are subject to
revision.
117
ESTABUSHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
$12.14
7.50
$12.17
7.51
$12.59
7.70
$12.63
7.72
$12.66 $418.83 $421.08 $430.58 $437.00 $436.77
258.86 259.93 263.35 267.11
(2)
(2)
Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
16.06
9.93
15.98
9.86
16.61
10.16
16.89
10.32
$16.96
(2)
732.34
452.62
730.29
450.80
747.45
457.16
743.16 $734.37
454.25
(2)
Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
15.69
9.70
15.67
9.67
16.22
9.92
16.19
9.90
$16.28
(2)
588.38
363.65
601.73
371.44
606.63
371.03
613.60 $617.01
375.06
(2)
Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
13.02
8.05
13.08
8.07
13.41
8.20
13.42
8.20
$13.48
(2)
541.63
334.75
549.36
339.11
561.88
343.66
559.61 $562.12
342.06
(2)
Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
14.66
9.06
14.70
9.07
15.22
9.31
15.19
9.28
$15.17
(2)
579.07
357.89
580.65
358.43
596.62
364.91
604.56 $596.18
369.54
(2)
Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
13.26
8.20
13.28
8.20
13.76
8.42
13.85
8.47
$13.85
(2)
510.51
315.52
511.28
315.60
524.26
320.65
533.23 $533.23
325.94
(2)
Retail trade
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
8.24
5.09
8.27
5.10
8.63
5.28
8.62
5.27
$8.65
(2)
236.49
146.16
237.35
146.51
242.50
148.32
248.26 $248.26
151.75
(2)
Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
13.15
8.13
13.20
8.15
13.67
8.36
13.91
8.50
$13.95
(2)
482.61
298.28
481.80
297.41
493.49
301.83
516.06 $514.76
315.44
(2)
Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
12.24
7.56
12.24
7.56
12.67
7.75
12.75
7.79
$12.77
(2)
400.25
247.37
399.02
246.31
410.51
251.08
418.20 $417.58
255.62
(2)
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
P = preliminary.
Feb.
1997
Mar.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Mar.
1998P
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series. Establishment
survey estimates are currently projected from March 1996 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from
April 1996 forward are subject to revision.
118
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected area
Average weekly hours
State and area
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile
41.7
42.9
42.6
42.3
43.8
44.4
41.8
43.4
44.6
$11.69
12.65
14.05
$12.10
12.85
14.17
$11.99
12.77
14.23
Alaska
53.0
31.1
72.0
9.98
11.94
Arizona
41.1
41.7
41.4
11.49
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
40.7
40.8
40.5
39.1
41.4
41.7
40.6
42.7
42.5
40.0
41.0
40.6
41.5
41.5
40.4
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc .
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
41.5
41.9
40.2
42.2
40.9
42.2
42.7
41.3
40.2
37.2
39.9
40.5
41.5
41.0
39.6
40.9
41.4
42.2
41.8
41.6
40.0
42.6
40.7
42.3
43.5
42.3
40.6
37.0
39.8
40.9
42.4
41.3
39.2
42.0
41.3
43.2
Colorado
Denver
41.4
40.8
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
$487.47
542.69
598.53
$511.83
562.83
629.15
$501.18
554.22
634.66
9.21
528.94
371.33
663.12
11.77
11.88
472.24
490.81
491 83
10.63
10.28
10.59
11.40
12.06
11.00
10.52
11.06
11.96
12.93
10.97
10.41
11.01
11.90
12.40
432.64
419.42
428.90
445.74
499.28
458.70
427.11
472.26
508.30
517.20
449.77
422.65
456.92
493.85
500.96
41.5
41.8
40.2
42.4
40.7
41.8
42.7
41.8
40.6
37.2
40.0
40.8
42.8
41.1
39.4
37.9
41.0
43.2
13.06
13.57
11.58
12.27
13.32
15.60
12.74
11.60
13.96
13.63
12.98
14.16
16.09
13.51
14.78
13.13
15.43
12.40
13.46
13.88
12.01
12.62
13.75
15.66
12.79
11.81
14.43
13.91
13.41
14.50
16.52
13.98
14.80
13.31
15.47
12.48
13.43
13.89
11.92
12.56
14.09
15.63
12.73
11.76
14.45
13.96
13.44
14.53
16.47
14.08
14.87
13.57
15.50
12.51
541.99
568.58
465.52
517.79
544.79
658.32
544.00
479.08
561.19
507.04
517.90
573.48
667.74
553.91
585.29
537.02
638.80
523.28
562.63
577.41
480.40
537.61
559.63
662.42
556.37
499.56
585.86
514.67
533.72
593.05
700.45
577.37
580.16
559.02
638.91
539.14
557.35
580.60
479.18
532.54
573.46
653.33
543.57
491.57
586.67
519.31
537.60
592.82
704.92
578.69
585.88
514.30
635.50
540.43
41.2
41.6
41.4
42.0
13.11
12.81
13.63
13.11
13.58
12.41
542.75
522.65
561.56
545.38
562.21
521.22
42.1
42.8
43.8
42.0
42.1
42.3
42.0
44.5
42.7
43 2
42.1
43.0
41.7
42.3
39.4
44.4
42.9
42.7
43.1
44.2
42.4
42.0
39.5
45.4
14.20
14.87
14.71
15.05
14.02
14.64
13.85
13.43
14.66
15.20
14.53
15.76
14.72
15.15
14.07
13.82
14.69
15.28
14.72
15.71
14.66
15.07
13.93
13.67
597.82
636.44
644.30
632.10
590.24
619.27
581.70
597.64
625.98
656.64
611.71
677.68
613.82
640.85
554.36
613.61
630.20
652.46
634.43
694 38
621.58
632.94
550.24
620.62
41.5
39.5
43.0
40.9
40.7
41.7
41.2
41.0
42.3
14.63
13.16
17.67
14.85
13.58
18.20
15.01
13.62
18.41
607.15
519.82
759.81
607.37
552.71
758.94
618.41
558.42
778.74
37.8
38.5
38.9
13.77
14.05
14.32
520.51
540.93
557 05
41.4
42.0
41.7
10.77
11.25
11.20
445.88
472.50
467.04
41.9
42.4
48.8
42.0
41.8
49.3
41.6
40.6
47.9
11.53
12.53
14.07
11.91
12.89
14.69
11.91
12.87
14.66
483.11
531.27
686.62
500.22
538.80
724.22
495.46
522.52
702.21
38.7
40.3
36.5
38 1
36.5
39.1
13.20
13.11
13.04
13.03
13.42
13.37
510.84
528.33
475.96
496.44
489.83
522.77
Feb.
1997
District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA
Florida
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
39.6
37.0
37.4
12.70
12.64
12.65
502.92
467.68
473.11
42.0
43.6
41.3
41.9
41.7
42.8
41.3
42.3
42.6
43.1
42.2
39.5
41 4
42.7
42.8
42.7
41 6
42.4
42.8
41 3
42.0
37.7
41.2
42.4
43.2
43.0
41.6
42.9
43.1
41.5
13.26
18.08
10.78
13.14
15.32
16.36
14.67
16.50
14.90
11.83
13.59
16.94
11.30
13.45
15.62
16.78
15.00
16.65
15.13
12.21
13.57
17.45
11.30
13.43
15.59
16.76
14.93
16.59
15.09
12.21
556.92
788.29
445.21
550.57
638.84
700.21
605.87
697.95
634.74
509.87
573.50
669.13
467.82
574.32
668.54
716.51
624.00
705.96
647.56
504.27
569.94
657.87
465.56
569.43
67349
720.68
621.09
711 71
65038
506.72
See footnotes at end of table.
119
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected area — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
42.8
41.0
40.0
43.1
41.6
42.7
44.1
48.6
43.6
44.0
41.8
41.7
43.9
41.0
39.7
43.8
41.6
45.1
44.3
52.1
43.7
45.7
41.6
45.5
42.7
40.7
39.3
43.8
41.7
44.5
44.0
48.1
43.4
45.5
42.0
43.7
$14.79
12.81
12.32
14.21
14.52
18.57
15.64
18.86
14.51
14.44
12.88
14.76
$15.01
12.05
12.16
15.19
14.75
18.75
15.74
20.68
15.87
14.64
12.45
14.81
$14.86
11.91
12.29
15.01
14.71
18.72
15.68
20.93
15.83
14.76
12.48
14.66
$633.01
525.21
492.80
612.45
604.03
792.94
689.72
916.60
632.64
635.36
538.38
615.49
$658.94
494.05
482.75
665.32
613.60
845.63
697.28
1,077.43
693.52
669.05
517.92
673.86
$634.52
484.74
483.00
657.44
613.41
833.04
689.92
1,006.73
687.02
671.58
524.16
640.64
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
41.9
44.0
41.4
41.3
38.5
43.1
43.2
44.0
41.4
42.0
42.1
41.4
43.8
39.6
40.5
13.32
15.61
13.62
14.67
11.08
13.66
17.21
13.90
14.90
11.60
13.68
16.67
14.04
15.20
11.28
558.11
686.84
563.87
605.87
426.58
588.75
743.47
611.60
616.86
487.20
575.93
690.14
614.95
601.92
456.84
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
42.0
44.0
43.9
42.8
42.4
44.2
42.2
42.1
43.2
13.20
14.83
15.36
13.76
15.73
16.26
13.72
15.59
16.26
554.40
652.52
674.30
588.93
666.95
718.69
578.98
656.34
702.43
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
41.5
42.6
42.3
41.6
43.7
41.3
42.1
44.1
41.9
13.07
13.83
14.39
13.44
14.03
14.92
13.62
13.97
15.26
542.41
589.16
608.70
559.10
613.11
616.20
573.40
616.08
639.39
Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
42.4
43.0
45.4
42.7
43.8
43.0
43.8
42.0
43.6
43.5
44.1
42.1
14.22
16.16
14.48
14.00
14.59
17.09
14.76
13.80
14.78
17.53
14.54
14.52
602.93
694.88
657.39
597.80
639.04
734.87
646.49
579.60
644.41
762.56
641.21
611.29
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
39.8
41.3
37.5
39.9
39.6
38.4
40.5
40.2
40.2
13.13
11.36
11.17
13.54
11.47
11.34
13.28
11.56
11.22
522.57
469.17
418.88
540.25
454.21
435.46
537.84
464.71
451.04
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
40.7
41.2
40.7
40.3
41.0
41.1
14.04
14.76
13.97
14.64
13.98
14.70
571.43
608.11
568.58
589.99
573.18
604.17
Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester
41.9
41.6
41.0
42.0
41.9
41.0
41.4
42.6
42.0
41.4
41.5
43.0
13.24
14.30
12.79
13.21
13.63
14.73
13.34
13.75
13.64
14.76
13.30
13.74
554.76
594.88
524.39
554.82
571.10
603.93
552.28
585.75
572.88
611.06
551.95
590.82
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
44.3
45.3
45.3
47.2
41.8
41.6
44.7
44.7
48.7
43.9
45.5
44.9
43.3
42.0
42.8
45.2
39.1
44.5
43.4
45.2
44.1
43.6
41.4
43.3
44.6
38.9
45.0
16.97
17.55
18.48
21.98
14.66
13.03
15.63
18.39
20.24
17.37
18.98
19.00
24.15
14.42
13.07
15.53
19.22
20.75
17.45
19.01
19.03
24.44
14.49
13.03
15.56
19.29
21.24
751.77
795.01
837.14
1,037.46
612.79
542.05
698.66
822.03
985.69
762.54
863.59
853.10
1,045.69
605.64
559.40
701.96
751.50
923.38
757.33
859.25
839.22
1,065.58
599.89
564.20
693.98
750.38
955.80
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud
41.1
40.5
41.0
41.4
41.6
41.4
41.9
43.3
41.4
42.0
42.1
43.3
13.52
11.68
14.43
12.40
13.91
12.64
14.86
12.82
13.80
12.51
14.73
12.90
555.67
473.04
591.63
513.36
578.66
523.30
622.63
555.11
571.32
525.42
620.13
558.57
Mississippi
Jackson
41.3
42.1
41.2
40.4
41.3
40.2
10.32
11.95
10.65
11.84
10.67
11.87
426.22
503.10
438.78
478.34
440.67
477.17
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
41.2
42.5
43.1
38.2
41.6
44.0
42.2
41.2
41.5
43.6
41.9
39.8
12.80
14.00
15.30
11.00
13.16
14.46
15.66
11.17
13.13
14.28
15.65
11.06
527.36
595.00
659.43
420.20
547.46
636.24
660.85
460.20
544.90
622.61
655.74
440.19
Montana
39.6
39.7
40.2
13.16
13.73
13.69
521.14
545.08
550.34
11.93
13.49
13.02
12.10
14.16
13.17
12.00
13.82
13.30
481.97
596.26
549.44
505.78
640.03
554.46
493.20
620.52
563.92
14.36
13.76
14.41
13.67
14.70
611.74
600.72
550.40
582.16
556.37
607.11
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
40.4
44.2
42.2
41.8
45.2
42.1
41.1
44.9
42.4
Nevada
Las Vegas
42.6
37.9
40.0
404
40.7
41.3
See footnotes at end of table
120
15.85
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payroiis in States and selected area — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
41.6
41.1
41.9
40.6
41.6
39.3
41.1
41.5
41.8
39.7
41.7
42.5
$12.47
13.19
14.79
11.92
$12.67
14.02
14.72
11.87
$12.57
13.87
14.61
11.71
$518.75
542.11
619.70
483.95
$527.07
550.99
604.99
492.61
$525.43
550.64
609.24
497.68
New Jersey
41.6
41.7
41.5
14.13
14.51
14.49
587.81
605.07
601.34
New Mexico
Albuquerque
40.1
40.8
38.9
40.7
39.4
41.3
11.16
11.70
12.76
13.85
12.72
13.87
447,52
477.36
496.36
563.70
501.17
572.83
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
40.8
41.3
40.3
43.0
38.7
40.5
39.6
38.6
38.1
41.6
42.4
43.7
43.1
40.2
40.9
41.4
41.8
42.1
43.3
38.7
42.1
40.0
39.4
39.2
40.4
42.5
41.7
43.7
40.8
39.8
41.0
41.7
41.3
42.9
39.8
41.5
40.0
38.9
38.8
41.8
41.9
38.9
42.8
40.5
39.4
13.03
14.50
10.03
16.26
11.97
11.91
12.09
11.87
11.66
11.42
14.83
15.56
14.21
11.71
12.11
13.42
14.63
10.36
16.90
12.30
12.58
12.42
12.34
12.10
11.79
14.82
15.62
14.49
11.67
13.00
13.44
14.55
10.45
17.21
12.17
12.64
12.37
12.35
12.15
11.55
14.89
15.13
14.29
11.72
13.04
531.62
598.85
404.21
699.18
463.24
482.36
478.76
458.18
444.25
475.07
628.79
679.97
612.45
470.74
495.30
555.59
611.53
436.16
731.77
476.01
529.62
496.80
486.20
474.32
476.32
629.85
651.35
633.21
476.14
517.40
551.04
606.74
431.59
738.31
484.37
524.56
494.80
480.42
471.42
482.79
623.89
588.56
611.61
474.66
513.78
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
40.0
39.9
40.5
39.3
41.1
41.4
43.1
40.9
40.7
41.3
41.0
42.8
40.3
40.4
41.2
11.23
10.91
12.18
11.44
12.16
11.65
11.23
12.64
11.83
12.70
11.62
11.16
12.66
11.70
12.65
449.20
435.31
493.29
449.59
499.78
482.31
484.01
516.98
481.48
524.51
476.42
477.65
510.20
472.68
521.18
North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead
41.7
39.1
40.1
38.2
40.1
39.2
11.23
10.86
11.42
11.02
11.30
10.96
468.29
424.63
457.94
420.96
453.13
429.63
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
43.6
43.2
41.4
42.9
43.7
42.5
44.8
45.0
44.0
44.4
42.9
44.2
43.7
43.4
43.2
43.2
43.6
44.3
42.6
43.3
46.1
43.9
44.0
42.4
43.3
42.3
43.1
43.2
42.5
43.9
43.4
42.4
43.4
46.3
42.9
42.7
42.5
43.8
42.3
14.99
12.72
13.34
14.29
14.80
13.97
16.26
16.30
15.95
15.81
15.29
16.68
16.92
15.62
12.97
13.80
14.83
15.14
14.54
16.67
17.14
16.33
16.34
16.89
16.74
17.79
15.59
12.94
13.72
14.95
15.09
14.54
16.59
17.22
16.08
16.10
16.96
16.99
17.83
653.56
549.50
552.28
613.04
646.76
593.73
728.45
733.50
701.80
701.96
655.94
737.26
739.40
677.91
560.30
596.16
646.59
670.70
619.40
721.81
790.15
716.89
718.96
716.14
724.84
752.52
671.93
559.01
583.10
656.31
654.91
616.50
720.01
797.29
689.83
687.47
720.80
744.16
754.21
Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
41.5
42.7
41.8
42.3
43.7
43.4
41.8
42.8
43.4
12.36
14.14
12.60
12.62
14.25
12.98
12.47
13.91
12.91
512.94
603.78
526.68
533.83
622.73
563.33
521.25
595.35
560.29
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
40.7
39.7
40.8
41.4
40.6
39.0
39.1
38.7
38.6
37.6
40.5
40.3
39.0
41.2
38.7
13.27
12.94
11.92
13.25
11.79
13.80
13.18
12.51
13.88
11.91
13.80
13.45
12.68
13.77
11.88
540.09
513.72
486.34
548.55
478.67
538.20
515.34
484.14
535.77
447.82
558.90
542.04
494.52
567.32
459.76
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre- Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
41.6
41.9
40.7
44.2
39.7
40.1
40.3
41.5
42.8
41.7
40.5
44.1
42.1
41.9
41.9
42.1
41.8
39.9
45.2
40.1
40.4
40.6
41.3
42.9
43.0
40.8
43.2
42.2
41.8
42.8
41.7
42.4
40.2
44.2
39.9
40.4
40.8
41.3
42.5
41.8
41.0
42.7
42.1
40.8
42.3
13.65
13.68
11.22
13.76
12.97
9.98
12.51
14.69
14.65
14.74
12.28
14.47
11.77
11.35
13.77
14.00
14.40
11.99
14.11
13.50
10.21
12.93
15.25
14.82
15.11
12.72
14.98
12.15
11.28
14.19
13.98
14.23
11.86
14.13
13.44
10.38
12.97
15.21
14.84
15.27
12.56
14.94
12.00
11.21
14.27
567.84
573.19
456.65
608.19
514.91
400.20
504.15
609.64
627.02
614.66
497.34
638.13
495.52
475.57
576.96
589.40
601.92
478.40
637.77
541.35
412.48
524.96
629.83
635.78
649.73
518.98
647.14
512.73
471.50
607.33
582.97
603.35
476.77
624.55
536.26
419.35
529.18
628.17
630.70
638.29
514.96
637.94
505.20
457.37
603.62
See footnotes at end of table.
121
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected area — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
40.4
41.1
41.2
41.6
41.2
41.7
$11.15
11.40
$11.48
11.59
$11.55
11.58
41.8
42.5
42.4
10.30
10.42
Feb.
1997
Jan.
1998
Feb.
1998P
$450.46
468.54
$472.98
482.14
$475.86
482.89
10.44
430.54
442 85
442.66
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
41.9
40.3
41.6
42.3
41.1
42.9
42.3
41.0
43.1
9.90
9.65
10.21
9.99
10.07
10.48
10.04
10.15
10.50
41481
388.90
424.74
422.58
413.88
449.59
424.69
416.15
452.55
40.8
42.2
40.0
39.4
42.2
40.9
41.1
41.8
38.6
41.1
39.6
42.2
40.8
42.4
38.9
40.8
39.7
41.3
11.40
10.63
12.44
10.98
11.98
12.24
11.91
11.05
12.50
11.77
12.34
12.95
11.98
10.94
12.58
11.91
12.37
13.00
465.12
448.59
497.60
432.61
505.56
500.62
489.50
461 89
482.50
483.75
488.66
546.49
488.78
463.86
489.36
485.93
491.09
536.90
Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio
43.1
43.6
43.7
45.1
40.4
43.9
42.7
43.3
46.0
42.2
43.5
41.9
42.7
45.5
41.9
11.96
12.11
12.53
13.61
9.62
12.11
12.32
12.91
14.21
9.73
12.13
12.29
12.98
14.20
9.72
515.48
528.00
547.56
613.81
388.65
531.63
526.06
559.00
653.66
410.61
527.66
514.95
554.25
646.10
407.27
Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden
40.0
39.8
39.4
39.4
39.8
39.8
12.78
12.58
13.00
12.77
12.95
12.82
511.20
500.68
512.20
503.14
515.41
510.24
Vermont
Burlington
40.2
43.7
40.3
44.0
39.2
43.3
12.47
13.01
12.79
13.49
12.86
13.44
501.29
568.54
515.44
593.56
504.11
581.95
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
41.3
43.2
42.8
41.9
40.6
39.8
42.3
38.2
42.3
41.0
42.4
42.6
45.0
41.2
41.5
42.6
42.0
40.8
44.0
42.3
45.3
41.2
40.6
41.5
12.31
9.78
9.74
12.18
11.96
12.19
15.53
13.97
12.83
10.48
10.21
12.83
12.56
12.98
15.57
15.00
12.82
10.42
10.40
12.95
12.56
12.82
15.67
14.25
508.40
422.50
416.87
510.34
485.58
485.16
656.92
533.65
542.71
429.68
432.90
546.56
565.20
534.78
646.16
639 00
538.44
425.14
457.60
547.79
568.97
528.18
636.20
591.38
Washington
39.7
39.7
40.8
15.10
15.66
15.64
599.47
621 70
638.11
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
41.6
46.7
42.5
44.0
39.6
41.5
45.9
42.9
42.2
39.5
41.5
46.9
42.7
45.1
40.2
12.95
14.26
14.86
16.52
13.76
13.41
15.42
14.51
16.86
15.79
13.37
14.90
14.42
16.99
15.65
538.72
665.94
631.55
726.88
544.90
556.52
707.78
622.48
711 49
623 71
554.86
698.81
615.73
766.25
629.13
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
42.2
44.7
44.2
42.1
45.8
39.2
41.6
41.3
41.8
41.6
43.8
41.6
41.9
45.4
41.8
41.9
41.7
41.1
41.8
40.0
42.3
41.9
41.0
43.0
41.7
44.9
40.5
41.3
44.0
40.7
42.5
39.9
42.1
42.8
41.1
41.9
13.51
14.48
13.00
14.57
17.23
14.23
12.02
12.78
14.70
13.91
13.02
12.99
13.90
14.81
12.90
15.05
17.19
15.48
12.15
12.99
14.96
14.19
13.62
13.35
13.88
14.78
12.91
15.07
17.62
15.16
12.22
13.09
14.88
14.45
12.92
13.24
570.12
647.26
574.60
613.40
789.13
557.82
500.03
527.81
614.46
578.66
570.28
540.38
582.41
672.37
539.22
630.60
716 82
636.23
507.87
519.60
632.81
594.56
558.42
574.05
578.80
663.62
522.86
622.39
775.28
617.01
519.35
522.29
626.45
618.46
531.01
554.76
Wyoming
40.3
40.5
40.2
14.40
15.58
15.26
580.32
630 99
613.45
Puerto Rico
39.6
39.6
39.8
7 90
8.40
8.35
312.84
Virgin Islands
42.1
42.3
39.8
17.54
19.06
18.35
738.43
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
332.33
806.24
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1997 benchmarks.
122
730.33
LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1
(Numbers in thousands)
1998
1997
Census region and division
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
NORTHEAST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
26,022.1 26,071.1 26,094.6 26,126.6 26,135.7 26,159.5 26,153.9 26,142.6 26,140.0 26,114.2 26,078.5 26,077.0 26,098.4
24,587.3 24,636.7 24,659.9 24,693.4 24,706.7 24,744.0 24,748.0 24,749.8 24,771.1 24,769.1 24,758.5 24,799.0 24,809.9
1,434.8 1,434.4 1,434.7 1,433.2 1,428.9 1,415.5 1,405.9 1,392.8 1,368.8 1,345.1
1,320.0 1,278.0 1,288.5
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.5
5.1
4.9
4.9
New England
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
7,083.2
7,096.1
7,112.1
7,120.1
7,122.9
6,760.9
322.4
4.6
6,775.8
320.4
4.5
6,784.8
327.3
4.6
6,796.7
323.4
4.5
6,803.3
319.6
4.5
7,128.7
6,815.2
313.5
4.4
7,130.7
6,819.0
311.7
4.4
7,131.3
6,822.6
308.7
4.3
7,140.9
6,837.6
303.3
4.2
7,137.9
6,839.4
298.5
4.2
7,132.8
6,840.1
7,130.7
7,120.9
6,861.1
292.7
4.1
269.7
3.8
6,864.7
256.2
3.6
Middle Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
18,938.9 18,974.9 18,982.5 19,006.6 19,012.7 19,030.8 19,023.2 19,011.3 18,999.1 18,976.3 18,945.7 18,946.3 18,977.5
17,826.5 17,860.9 17,875.1 17,896.7 17,903.4 17,928.8 17,929.0 17,927.2 17,933.5 17,929.8 17,918.4 17,937.9 17,945.2
1,107.5 1,109.9 1,109.3 1,102.0 1,094.2 1,084.1 1,065.5 1,046.5 1,027.3 1,008.3 1,032.3
1,114.0
1,112.4
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.9
5.4
5.3
SOUTH
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
46,846.5 46,907.0 46,960.3 47,041.6 47,116.6 47,215.1 47,278.9 47,364.2 47,490.8 47,600.5 47,694.8 47,816.2 47,791.8
44,453.1 44,523.2 44,599.6 44,675.3 44,738.5 44,861.3 44,961.2 45,063.7 45,245.0 45,387.7 45,523.3 45,689.9 45,744.6
2,383.9 2,360.6 2,366.3 2,378.2 2,353.9 2,317.7 2,300.6 2,245.9 2,212.8 2,171.5 2,126.3 2,047.2
2,393.4
5.0
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.1
4.7
4.4
4.9
5.1
4.6
4.3
4.6
South Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
24,203.6 24,239.5 24,275.7 24,325.9 24,365.4 24,413.3 24,456.8 24,502.9 24,569.1 24,635.4 24,677.1 24,738.2 24,747.7
23,057.9 23,104.6 23,150.4 23,197.5 23,235.9 23,301.7 23,355.7 23,410.1 23,503.8 23,575.5 23,630.4 23,695.5 23,723.4
1,145.7 1,134.9 1,125.3 1,128.4
1,129.5 1,111.6 1,101.1 1,092.8 1,065.2 1,060.0 1,046.7 1,042.6 1,024.2
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.2
East South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
8,024.7
7,581.4
443.3
5.5
8,030.0
7,588.3
441.7
5.5
8,039.8
7,602.4
437.4
5.4
8,051.5
7,611.7
439.9
5.5
8,067.5
7,622.5
445.1
5.5
8,092.5
7,646.7
445.8
5.5
8,085.8
7,654.0
431.7
5.3
8,097.1
7,663.0
434.1
5.4
8,118.6
7,700.9
417.7
5.1
8,135.3
7,725.7
409.7
5.0
8,145.8
7,748.2
8,144.8
7,775.6
397.5
4.9
369.1
4.5
8,130.1
7,779.8
350.3
4.3
West South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
14,618.3 14,637.5 14,644.8 14,664.2 14,683.7 14,709.3 14,736.4 14,764.3 14,803.2 14,829.8 14,871.9 14,933.3 14,914.1
13,813.8 13,830.3 13,846.9 13,866.2 13,880.1 13,912.9 13,951.5 13,990.6 14,040.3 14,086.6 14,144.7 14,218.8 14,241.5
798.0
803.6
798.0
796.4
807.2
804.4
784.9
773.7
762.9
743.2
727.2
714.5
672.6
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.5
5.2
5.2
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.5
See footnotes at end of table.
123
LABOR FORCE DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Labor force status by census region and division, seasonally adjusted1 — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1998
Census region and division
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
MIDWEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
32,804.3 32,811.4 32,830.1 32,851.3 32.860.8 32,923.9 32,955.3 33,007.1 33,106.2 33,170.2 33,246.3 33,363.0 33,375.9
31,406.3 31,447.5 31,477.4 31,540.1 31,553.2 31,608.1 31,651.0 31,697.0 31,803.8 31,877.5 31,959.7 32,117.0 32,148.7
1,352.7 1,311.2 1,307.6 1,315.7 1,304.3 1,310.2 1,302.5 1,292.6 1,286.6 1,246.0 1,227.2
1,398.0 1,363.8
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.7
3.9
3.7
3.9
4.0
4.0
3.9
4.2
4.3
East North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
22,744.8 22,754.5 22,776.4 22,795.0 22,798.5 22,843.0 22,859.6 22,885.1 22,949.1 22,987.8 23,027.2 23,113.2 23,117.6
21,728.0 21,762.6 21,795.3 21,843.0 21,841.8 21,872.6 21,898.4 21,918.7 21,982.3 22,024.9 22,068.0 22,182.4 22,200.0
966.4
962.9
966.8
961.2
956.7
981.1
930.8
959.3
952.0
991.9
1,016.8
917.5
970.5
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.5
4.0
4.2
4.0
4.2
West North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
10,059.5 10,056.9 10,053.8 10,056.3 10,062.3 10,080.8 10,095.7 10,122.0 10,157.1 10,182.3 10,219.1
9,685.0 9,682.2 9,697.1 9,711.4 9,735.6 9,752.6 9,778.2 9,821.4 9,852.6 9,891.7
9,678.3
335.7
327.4
329.7
343.8
343.1
359.3
371.6
381.2
345.3
350.9
371.9
3.4
3.7
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.8
3.2
3.5
3.7
10,249.8
9,934.6
315.2
3.1
10,258.3
9,948.7
309.7
3.0
WEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
29,662.6 29,733.6 29,829.6 29,872.3 29,942.0 30,058.3 30,127.4 30,185.9 30,265.7 30,323.8 30,425.5 30,478.9 30,486.9
27,922.1 28,019.8 28,124.3 28,201.8 28,275.7 28,404.9 28,478.0 28,532.5 28,634.1 28,713.7 28,819.0 28,893.5 28,945.2
1,649.4 1,653.4
1,705.4 1,670.5 1,666.3 1,653.4
1,631.6 1,610.2 1,606.5 1,585.4 1,541.7
1,740.5 1,713.8
5.7
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.6
5.6
5.8
5.9
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.5
5.1
Mountain
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
8,295.5
8,302.4
8,324.2
7,912.8
7,932.2
7,954.4
8,341.8
7,982.2
382.7
4.6
370.1
4.5
369.8
4.4
359.6
4.3
8,365.8
8,009.0
356.8
4.3
8,400.4
8,046.1
354.3
4.2
8,420.9
8,069.8
351.1
4.2
8,458.2
8,107.6
350.6
4.1
8,507.1
8,159.7
347.5
4.1
8,550.2
8,201.2
349.0
4.1
8,599.7
8,250.1
349.7
8,633.8
8,298.2
335.6
4.1
3.9
8,672.6
8,324.7
347.9
4.0
Pacific
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
p
21,367.1 21,431.3 21,505.4 21,530.5 21,576.2 21,657.9 21,706.5 21,727.7 21,758.6 21,773.6 21,825.8 21,845.1 21,814.3
20,009.3 20,087.6 20,169.8 20,219.6 20,266.7 20,358.8 20,408.2 20,424.9 20,474.5 20,512.5 20,569.0 20,595.3 20,620.5
1,343.7 1,335.6 1,310.9 1.309.5 1.299.1 1,298.3 1,302.8 1,284.2 1,261.1 1,256.8 1,249.8 1,193.8
1,357.8
6.0
6.4
6.3
5.7
6.0
5.9
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.0
5.8
5.8
5.5
= preliminary.
1
These estimates are obtained from summing offical State estimates produced
and published through the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various
census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York,
and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South
Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona,
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific:
Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
124
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1998
State
Feb.
Mar.
2.165.4
2.053.8
111.6
5.2
2.173.9
2.062.8
111.2
5.1
315.5
289.3
26.2
8.3
May
June
2,180.7
2.066.7
114.1
5.2
2,185.8
2,071.6
114.2
5.2
2,187.7
2,071.6
116.1
5.3
315.5
289.3
26.2
8.3
315.3
289.2
26.1
8.3
314.3
289.4
24.9
7.9
2.149.5
2,036.7
112.8
5.2
2.140.1
2.034.9
105.2
4.9
2,141.0
2,035.8
105.2
4.9
1.204.0
1.138.0
65.9
5.5
1.201.2
1.135.9
65.3
5.4
15.809.8
14,772.2
1.037.6
6.6
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
2,189.7
2.074.4
115.3
5.3
2,182.2
2,070.3
111.9
5.1
2,178.1
2.067.4
110.7
5.1
2,172.7
2.067.0
105.7
4.9
2,164.6
2.061.9
102.7
4.7
2,154.1
2.055.0
99.1
4.6
2,146.3
2.057.3
89.1
4.1
2,140.3
2,058.8
81.5
3.8
314.9
289.8
25.1
8.0
315.6
290.5
25.1
8.0
316.1
291.0
25.1
7.9
316.7
292.1
24.5
7.7
317.0
293.0
24.0
7.6
317.4
294.4
23.1
7.3
318.5
295.9
22.6
7.1
317.6
297.8
19.8
6.2
318.0
297.9
20.1
6.3
2,140.7
2,039.1
101.6
4.7
2,141.3
2,043.0
98.4
4.6
2,147.8
2,050.2
97.6
4.5
2,157.2
2.061.6
95.5
4.4
2.170.8
2.076.2
94.6
4.4
2.188.9
2,095.7
93.3
4.3
2,211.5
2.116.8
94.7
4.3
2.237.7
2,144.7
93.0
4.2
2,243.0
2.159.2
83.8
3.7
2,253.2
2,163.6
89.6
4.0
1,198.3
1,135.5
62.8
5.2
1,196.6
1.135.1
61.5
5.1
1.199.6
1,135.2
64.4
5.4
1.205.2
1.139.6
65.6
5.4
1.210.2
1.145.8
64.4
5.3
1.213.3
1.150.3
63.0
5.2
1.219.8
1,158.2
61.6
5.0
1.229.7
1.167.9
61.7
5.0
1.240.6
1,178.5
62.1
5.0
1.245.8
1.180.2
65.6
5.3
1,243.7
1.178.5
65.2
5.2
15.856.1
14.833.8
1,022.3
6.4
15,910.2
14,891.5
1,018.7
6.4
15,935.7
14,927.9
1,007.8
6.3
15,962.4
14,957.7
1,004.8
6.3
16.014.3
15,019.5
994.8
6.2
16,050.6
15.054.3
996.3
6.2
16.058.0
15,058.7
999.4
6.2
16.073.4
15.084.1
989.3
6.2
16,086.1
15,112.5
973.6
6.1
16.122.8
15.151.8
971.0
6.0
16,114.0
15,145.7
968.3
6.0
16.120.0
15,188.6
931.4
5.8
2,120.9
2,047.2
73.8
3.5
2,128.9
2,056.0
72.9
3.4
2,137.8
2,065.6
72.2
3.4
2,143.9
2,073.7
70.2
3.3
2,154.3
2,084.7
69.7
3.2
2,166.3
2,097.7
68.6
3.2
2.166.9
2.098.1
68.8
3.2
2.177.5
2,108.9
68.6
3.1
2.189.1
2.122.6
66.5
3.0
2,196.4
2.129.0
67.4
3.1
2,199.7
2,132.8
66.9
3.0
2,216.2
2,153.1
63.1
2.8
2,232.9
2,165.8
67.1
3.0
1,720.8
1.626.3
94.5
5.5
1,720.5
1.627.9
92.6
5.4
1,722.2
1,629.0
93.3
5.4
1,721.0
1,630.1
91.0
5.3
1,721.7
1,632.2
89.5
5.2
1,722.0
1.634.9
87.1
5.1
1.722.9
1.637.8
85.1
4.9
1,723.9
1.639.7
84.2
4.9
1,725.7
1.643.1
82.6
4.8
1.726.6
1.646.6
80.0
4.6
1,728.2
1,650.7
77.5
4.5
1,720.0
1.654.7
65.3
3.8
1,717.0
1.652.1
64.9
3.8
377.7
360.2
17.5
4.6
377.4
360.6
16.8
4.5
376.3
360.0
16.3
4.3
376.4
360.4
16.0
4.3
377.6
361.6
15.9
4.2
378.6
363.3
15.3
4.0
379.7
365.1
14.6
3.8
380.5
366.7
13.8
3.6
381.9
368.7
13.3
3.5
383.9
371.2
12.7
3.3
387.0
374.0
13.0
3.4
387.9
374.6
13.3
3.4
388.6
375.1
13.6
3.5
259.7
239.6
20.1
7.7
259.2
239.1
20.1
7.8
258.1
238.2
19.9
7.7
256.9
237.2
19.7
7.7
254.3
234.7
19.6
7.7
255.0
234.9
20.1
7.9
256.2
235.6
20.6
8.0
256.1
235.0
21.1
8.2
255.7
234.6
21.1
8.3
255.6
234.8
20.8
8.1
255.7
234.9
20.8
8.1
258.5
236.7
21.8
8.4
260.5
237.0
23.5
9.0
7.005.0
6.665.8
339.1
4.8
7,013.0
6.672.5
340.5
4.9
7,040.6
6,698.5
342.2
4.9
7,061.5
6,720.0
341.5
4.8
7,079.1
6,739.6
339.5
4.8
7.106.1
6,774.0
332.1
4.7
7,129.9
6.796.1
333.8
4.7
7,152.5
6,817.0
335.5
4.7
7,189.9
6,856.0
333.9
4.6
7.221.2
6.884.3
337.0
4.7
7,253.6
6,916.0
337.7
4.7
7,265.1
6,927.2
337.8
4.7
7.247.5
6.922.3
325.2
4.5
Apr.
July
Alabama
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Alaska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arizona
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
California
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
. . ..
Unemployment rate
District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
125
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1998
State
Feb.
Mar.
3.872.7
3.686.2
186.5
4.8
3,887.4
3,702.6
184.8
4.8
3,895.4
3,712.8
182.6
4.7
3,907.8
3,723.3
184.5
4.7
3.916.5
3.732.6
183.9
4.7
592.1
553.1
39.0
6.6
591.7
552.7
39.1
6.6
590.5
551.7
38.8
6.6
590.4
551.5
38.9
6.6
627.4
593.5
33.9
5.4
628.3
594.1
34.3
5.5
630.1
596.1
34.1
5.4
6.112.3
5.816.5
295.8
4.8
6,116.3
5,824.4
291.9
4.8
3,068.0
2,963.8
104.2
3.4
Apr.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
3,915.2
3,734.3
180.9
4.6
3.928.8
3,751.6
177.2
4.5
3,930.3
3.757.2
173.0
4.4
3.932.2
3.765.3
166.9
4.2
3.928.5
3.764.4
164.2
4.2
3.918.0
3.759.1
158.9
4.1
3,928.7
3.771.7
157.0
4.0
3.948.1
3.785.3
162.7
4.1
591.7
552.5
39.2
6.6
592.4
553.6
38.8
6.5
592.1
554.4
37.7
6.4
592.8
555.2
37.6
6.3
592.4
556.3
36.1
6.1
592.5
557.1
35.4
6.0
593.1
557.7
35.4
6.0
593.4
560.4
33.0
5.6
592.8
558.7
34.1
5.7
631.7
597.9
33.8
5.4
633.8
599.8
33.9
5.4
634.8
601.4
33.4
5.3
634.9
600.8
34.1
5.4
636.2
602.5
33.7
5.3
638.0
604.2
33.7
5.3
638.4
605.8
32.6
5.1
641.0
607.4
33.6
5.2
640.1
608.1
32.0
5.0
641.4
608.9
32.4
5.1
6,109.7
5.826.4
283.2
4.6
6.111.1
5,839.8
271.2
4.4
6.115.8
5,834.8
281.0
4.6
6.132.1
5,847.1
284.9
4.6
6,135.3
5.852.1
283.2
4.6
6,133.2
5,849.2
284.0
4.6
6,149.5
5,862.0
287.6
4.7
6.156.7
5.861.9
294.8
4.8
6,162.1
5.867.0
295.1
4.8
6.190.5
5.887.8
302.7
4.9
6,185.4
5.903.0
282.4
4.6
3,078.8
2,971.9
106.9
3.5
3,087.0
2,980.5
106.5
3.4
3,092.3
2,985.3
107.0
3.5
3,093.6
2,986.6
107.0
3.5
3,098.4
2,989.6
108.9
3.5
3,104.6
2,991.5
113.0
3.6
3,103.6
2.990.9
112.7
3.6
3,111.2
2.997.7
113.5
3.6
3.113.8
3,004.6
109.2
3.5
3,113.0
3,003.9
109.1
3.5
3.115.4
3.013.6
101.8
3.3
3.111.5
3,011.4
100.1
3.2
1.583.6
1.526.8
56.8
3.6
1,583.1
1,527.5
55.6
3.5
1,577.7
1,523.6
54.0
3.4
1,575.2
1,524.1
51.1
3.2
1,574.6
1,523.3
51.3
3.3
1,572.2
1.522.7
49.5
3.1
1,568.3
1,519.1
49.2
3.1
1.571.5
1.523.4
48.1
3.1
1,574.0
1.528.4
45.7
2.9
1.573.9
1.528.6
45.3
2.9
1,581.7
1.535.7
46.0
2.9
1.589.9
1.545.4
44.5
2.8
1,593.8
1,552.5
41.3
2.6
1,347.1
1.293.0
54.1
4.0
1,347.3
1.296.1
51.2
3.8
1,349.8
1.297.4
52.4
3.9
1,349.6
1,298.4
51.1
3.8
1,353.5
1,303.5
50.0
3.7
1.365.8
1,315.9
49.9
3.7
1.372.2
1.322.6
49.7
3.6
1.377.5
1.326.9
50.6
3.7
1.386.2
1.335.9
50.4
3.6
1,394.0
1.343.4
50.6
3.6
1,404.4
1,351.6
52.7
3.8
1.407.7
1.358.9
48.8
3.5
1,408.9
1,361.5
47.4
3.4
1,910.8
1,800.7
110.1
5.8
1,916.5
1,807.5
109.0
5.7
1.921.2
1.815.2
106.0
5.5
1.927.4
1,819.5
107.9
5.6
1,931.7
1.825.6
106.1
5.5
1,935.3
1,831.0
104.3
5.4
1.936.5
1,834.8
101.7
5.2
1,934.4
1.834.4
100.0
5.2
1,936.8
1.839.8
97.0
5.0
1.938.7
1.843.8
94.9
4.9
1,937.2
1,844.9
92.3
4.8
1.931.3
1.842.9
88.4
4.6
1,936.8
1,857.0
79.8
4.1
2,011.6
1,888.2
123.3
6.1
2,017.6
1.891.0
126.6
6.3
2,019.3
1,893.8
125.5
6.2
2,022.1
1,891.9
130.2
6.4
2.019.8
1,891.2
128.7
6.4
2,021.3
1,895.9
125.4
6.2
2,024.5
1,901.8
122.7
6.1
2,024.5
1.904.3
120.2
5.9
2,034.1
1,914.4
119.7
5.9
2.037.2
1.917.8
119.4
5.9
2,043.8
1.926.5
117.3
5.7
2.067.6
1,962.3
105.3
5.1
2,037.3
1.949.3
88.0
4.3
662.1
626.2
35.9
5.4
661.0
625.0
36.1
5.5
659.2
622.4
36.7
5.6
657.5
621.6
35.9
5.5
656.6
620.9
35.7
5.4
655.1
620.0
35.1
5.4
655.6
620.6
35.0
5.3
656.4
621.1
35.3
5.4
657.8
622.5
35.3
5.4
659.0
624.0
35.0
5.3
661.1
626.3
34.9
5.3
660.9
627.7
33.1
5.0
656.9
627.6
29.3
4.5
May
June
July
Georgia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Hawaii
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Indiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Iowa
Civilian labor force
Employed ...
Unemployed
Unemployment _.o
Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
126
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1998
1997
State
Oct.
NOV.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
2.783.8
2.637.7
146.1
5.2
2,784.1
2,644.5
139.6
5.0
2,789.1
2.651.8
137.4
4.9
2,790.8
2.657.1
133.7
4.8
2,803.7
2,668.8
134.9
4.8
2,799.2
2,667.1
132.1
4.7
3,271.2
3,138.3
132.9
4.1
3,269.1
3,138.0
131.2
4.0
3.268.5
3,141.2
127.3
3.9
3,263.2
3,136.8
126.4
3.9
3,254.5
3,130.3
124.3
3.8
3,258.8
3,141.8
116.9
3.6
3,257.2
3,149.3
107.9
3.3
4,987.3
4,774.1
213.2
4.3
4,971.2
4,770.5
200.7
4.0
4,982.3
4,779.0
203.2
4.1
4,999.9
4,798.9
200.9
4.0
5,003.4
4,804.4
199.0
4.0
5,013.0
4,815.7
197.3
3.9
5,047.2
4,849.4
197.7
3.9
5,050.6
4,847.8
202.7
4.0
2.614.2
2.529.1
85.2
3.3
2,623.3
2,538.9
84.4
3.2
2,632.5
2,548.6
83.9
3.2
2,640.3
2.557.0
83.2
3.2
2,650.1
2,568.8
81.3
3.1
2,660.8
2,581.2
79.6
3.0
2.670.8
2.593.5
77.3
2.9
2,672.5
2,600.0
72.6
2.7
2,673.8
2,605.9
67.9
2.5
1,258.0
1,186.9
71.1
5.7
1.258.4
1,186.3
72.1
5.7
1.266.1
1,193.6
72.5
5.7
1,267.7
1,193.8
74.0
5.8
1.272.6
1.196.1
76.5
6.0
1.277.6
1,204.4
73.2
5.7
1,278.4
1.208.8
69.6
5.4
1.279.3
1.213.7
65.6
5.1
1.284.8
1,214.9
69.8
5.4
1,280.9
1,211.8
69.1
5.4
2.885.2
2,759.1
126.2
4.4
2,882.9
2.761.7
121.2
4.2
2,880.4
2,762.3
118.2
4.1
2,876.6
2,759.1
117.5
4.1
2,877.2
2.759.9
117.3
4.1
2,883.0
2,762.8
120.3
4.2
2,892.3
2.772.5
119.9
4.1
2,892.5
2,775.6
116.9
4.0
2,895.0
2.779.2
115.7
4.0
2,911.3
2,796.3
115.0
4.0
2,912.1
2,793.9
118.2
4.1
450.2
426.1
24.1
5.4
451.6
426.6
25.0
5.5
452.3
428.2
24.1
5.3
452.2
427.8
24.4
5.4
454.2
429.6
24.6
5.4
455.2
430.8
24.4
5.4
455.7
431.4
24.3
5.3
458.0
433.3
24.7
5.4
459.0
434.2
24.8
5.4
460.6
435.9
24.7
5.4
462.2
437.1
25.1
5.4
462.5
438.3
24.2
5.2
899.3
872.0
27.2
3.0
899.2
873.1
26.1
2.9
897.1
872.2
24.9
2.8
898.6
873.3
25.3
2.8
900.5
875.6
24.9
2.8
903.9
880.2
23.7
2.6
906.5
883.2
23.3
2.6
910.6
888.3
22.3
2.5
913.9
893.4
20.5
2.2
919.0
899.9
19.1
2.1
923.6
905.9
17.7
1.9
924.2
907.6
16.6
1.8
925.8
907.9
17.9
1.9
868.2
830.4
37.8
4.4
871.4
834.6
36.7
4.2
874.3
837.6
36.7
4.2
878.2
842.6
35.6
4.1
882.5
846.9
35.6
4.0
885.9
850.5
35.4
4.0
888.3
853.5
34.8
3.9
892.1
856.6
35.6
4.0
895.1
859.7
35.4
4.0
897.1
861.7
35.4
3.9
900.6
864.8
35.8
4.0
905.7
866.7
39.0
4.3
910.9
869.4
41.4
4.5
633.8
612.8
21.0
3.3
635.2
616.0
19.2
3.0
640.3
619.4
20.9
3.3
644.7
623.9
20.7
3.2
647.0
626.0
21.0
3.2
650.9
630.8
20.1
3.1
649.1
629.5
19.5
3.0
648.3
629.1
19.2
3.0
652.8
633.3
19.5
3.0
653.2
633.7
19.5
3.0
651.2
632.1
19.1
2.9
653.3
635.4
17.9
2.7
652.7
634.6
18.1
2.8
Aug.
Sept.
2,787.0
2,641.7
145.3
5.2
2,781.4
2,638.5
142.9
5.1
3,267.7
3,135.1
132.6
4.1
3.269.7
3.138.4
131.4
4.0
4,987.5
4,778.7
208.9
4.2
4,977.9
4,771.7
206.2
4.1
2,605.0
2,513.5
91.5
3.5
2,608.9
2,521.3
87.6
3.4
1,257.9
1,183.1
74.8
5.9
1,255.9
1,184.5
71.4
5.7
2,896.1
2,763.9
132.2
4.6
2,890.1
2,762.9
127.2
4.4
449.1
425.9
23.2
5.2
Feb.
Mar.
2,794.8
2.654.0
140.8
5.0
2,793.3
2.652.1
141.2
5.1
2,790.2
2,647.3
142.9
5.1
2,790.6
2.646.7
143.9
5.2
2,788.3
2,642.0
146.4
5.2
3,242.2
3.111.7
130.5
4.0
3.253.4
3,121.5
131.9
4.1
3,261.7
3,126.3
135.5
4.2
3,266.9
3,132.5
134.4
4.1
4,970.8
4,747.9
222.9
4.5
4,980.5
4,762.8
217.7
4.4
4,983.1
4,765.9
217.2
4.4
2.594.7
2.506.0
88.6
3.4
2,598.6
2.509.1
89.4
3.4
1.256.8
1,181.7
75.1
6.0
Apr.
May
June
July
Maryland
Civilian labor force
EmDloved
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian labor force
Employed
UnemDloved
Unemployment rate
Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Missouri
Civilian labor force
EmDloved
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nebraska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
127
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1998
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
4,187.2
3,964.5
222.7
5.3
4,192.2
3,972.9
219.4
5.2
4,195.6
3,979.9
215.7
5.1
4,200.0
3,983.3
216.8
5.2
4,205.7
3,987.9
217.8
5.2
808.7
754.2
54.5
6.7
810.8
758.3
52.5
6.5
813.2
762.5
50.6
6.2
815.8
766.7
49.1
6.0
8,778.2
8,205.1
573.1
6.5
8,803.2
8,229.5
573.8
6.5
8,809.4
8,238.7
570.8
6.5
3,840.3
3,699.2
141.1
3.7
3,846.2
3,708.4
137.8
3.6
347.2
337.8
9.4
2.7
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
4,203.0
3,990.4
212.6
5.1
4,200.5
3.988.7
211.8
5.0
4,197.0
3,984.2
212.8
5.1
4,194.1
3,983.9
210.1
5.0
4.186.2
3,979.3
206.9
4.9
4.178.1
3.971.6
206.6
4.9
4,181.8
3,977.1
204.7
4.9
4,184.8
3,975.0
209.8
5.0
819.2
770.2
49.0
6.0
823.1
773.5
49.5
6.0
824.1
775.8
48.4
5.9
825.7
776.2
49.6
6.0
829.8
779.8
50.0
6.0
832.8
781.3
51.5
6.2
835.5
782.2
53.3
6.4
836.1
784.9
51.2
6.1
838.2
785.9
52.3
6.2
8,819.6
8.247.4
572.2
6.5
8,825.2
8,253.3
571.9
6.5
8,841.6
8,269.8
571.8
6.5
8,834.9
8,266.2
568.7
6.4
8,825.2
8,261.8
563.4
6.4
8,818.5
8,261.5
557.0
6.3
8.799.5
8.252.7
546.7
6.2
8.775.9
8.241.8
534.0
6.1
8.786.7
8.259.4
527.2
6.0
8,809.7
8,267.5
542.2
6.2
3,846.2
3,713.1
133.1
3.5
3,852.0
3,713.7
138.4
3.6
3,847.3
3,706.9
140.4
3.6
3,850.6
3.710.2
140.4
3.6
3,842.2
3,702.1
140.1
3.6
3,844.3
3.706.3
138.0
3.6
3,842.4
3,705.7
136.7
3.6
3,843.3
3,704.0
139.4
3.6
3,828.0
3,688.2
139.8
3.7
3.842.0
3.703.7
138.4
3.6
3,846.2
3,706.0
140.2
3.6
347.8
338.1
9.7
2.8
348.5
338.5
10.0
2.9
349.9
338.7
11.2
3.2
348.2
339.0
9.2
2.7
347.6
339.1
8.5
2.5
346.9
339.0
7.9
2.3
346.7
338.9
7.7
2.2
346.1
339.5
6.6
1.9
346.3
339.2
7.1
2.0
346.1
339.1
7.0
2.0
346.2
339.8
6.4
1.8
345.9
339.3
6.6
1.9
5,677.4
5,391.1
286.3
5.0
5.668.5
5,401.5
267.0
4.7
5,679.0
5,413.6
265.5
4.7
5,684.7
5,427.3
257.4
4.5
5,687.4
5,434.6
252.8
4.4
5,697.4
5,444.0
253.4
4.4
5.718.4
5,463.1
255.3
4.5
5.732.3
5.473.2
259.0
4.5
5,746.7
5,487.0
259.7
4.5
5,767.0
5,510.9
256.1
4.4
5,786.2
5.531.5
254.6
4.4
5,796.7
5,561.9
234.7
4.0
5,803.8
5.563.9
239.9
4.1
1.593.9
1.526.8
67.1
4.2
1,595.2
1.527.3
67.9
4.3
1,596.8
1,528.4
68.4
4.3
1,597.2
1,528.8
68.4
4.3
1,596.0
1,527.4
68.6
4.3
1,598.9
1,531.6
67.3
4.2
1,600.0
1,534.0
66.0
4.1
1.603.9
1,538.4
65.6
4.1
1.605.0
1,542.2
62.8
3.9
1,607.7
1,546.9
60.8
3.8
1,607.5
1.550.2
57.3
3.6
1.608.2
1.555.4
52.7
3.3
1.613.2
1.555.5
57.7
3.6
1.706.0
1,599.8
106.2
6.2
1,709.8
1,601.7
108.1
6.3
1,712.7
1.609.4
103.3
6.0
1,705.3
1.609.0
96.4
5.7
1,711.5
1,612.6
98.8
5.8
1,720.4
1.620.2
100.2
5.8
1,738.1
1.638.6
99.5
5.7
1,751.3
1,651.3
99.9
5.7
1,764.7
1,665.7
99.0
5.6
1,767.3
1,670.8
96.5
5.5
1,775.4
1,681.2
94.2
5.3
1.807.9
1,713.8
94.1
5.2
1.774.4
1,690.3
84.1
4.7
5,973.5
5,656.9
316.7
5.3
5,979.5
5,658.5
320.9
5.4
5,977.5
5,656.5
321.0
5.4
5.986.9
5.666.0
320.9
5.4
5,981.9
5,662.2
319.7
5.3
5,986.2
5,668.6
317.6
5.3
5,987.8
5,674.1
313.8
5.2
5,989.1
5,681.3
307.8
5.1
5,986.5
5,688.1
298.4
5.0
5,990.7
5,697.7
292.9
4.9
5,991.7
5,705.0
286.7
4.8
5,977.8
5,701.4
276.4
4.6
5,983.0
5,702.7
280.3
4.7
501.1
474.2
26.9
5.4
502.9
475.5
27.5
5.5
505.2
477.4
27.9
5.5
505.8
477.3
28.5
5.6
505.3
477.3
28.0
5.5
505.5
478.4
27.1
5.4
506.0
479.5
26.5
5.2
507.1
480.9
26.2
5.2
507.7
481.6
26.0
5.1
506.7
481.4
25.2
5.0
507.5
482.9
24.6
4.9
508.6
484.1
24.5
4.8
506.5
482.1
24.5
4.8
July
New Jersey
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
128
STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1998
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
1,901.4
1,800.0
101.5
5.3
1,911.0
1.813.2
97.8
5.1
1.911.9
1.820.1
91.8
4.8
1,918.1
1,826.7
91.4
4.8
1,923.0
1,833.5
89.5
4.7
1,928.0
1.842.5
85.5
4.4
1,925.4
1.842.9
82.5
4.3
1,918.6
1.839.6
79.0
4.1
1,912.2
1,839.4
72.8
3.8
1.907.7
1,836.9
70.8
3.7
1.902.9
1.832.9
70.0
3.7
1,908.4
1,834.5
73.8
3.9
1,909.8
1,844.0
65.8
3.4
391.5
378.7
12.9
3.3
390.8
378.1
12.6
3.2
390.6
377.9
12.7
3.2
391.3
379.5
11.8
3.0
390.8
378.7
12.1
3.1
391.5
379.8
11.7
3.0
392.1
380.3
11.8
3.0
392.5
380.9
11.6
2.9
394.4
383.0
11.3
2.9
395.9
384.8
11.2
2.8
397.5
386.7
10.8
2.7
398.0
386.7
11.3
2.8
398.0
387.6
10.4
2.6
2.691.7
2,545.2
146.5
5.4
2,681.7
2,535.0
146.8
5.5
2,682.0
2,536.1
145.9
5.4
2.680.3
2,533.7
146.6
5.5
2,689.8
2,539.1
150.7
5.6
2,701.5
2,547.8
153.7
5.7
2.699.4
2,555.2
144.2
5.3
2,712.0
2,565.0
146.9
5.4
2,731.5
2,589.6
141.9
5.2
2,753.6
2,611.2
142.5
5.2
2,775.2
2,634.7
140.6
5.1
2,782.4
2,660.5
121.9
4.4
2,772.0
2,652.1
119.9
4.3
9,808.8
9,260.8
548.0
5.6
9,823.5
9,276.1
547.4
5.6
9.830.4
9.289.1
541.3
5.5
9,848.3
9,310.3
538.0
5.5
9,868.2
9,326.2
541.9
5.5
9,883.9
9,345.7
538.2
5.4
9,901.6
9,369.9
531.7
5.4
9,922.5
9,397.6
524.9
5.3
9,944.2
9,425.5
518.8
5.2
9,955.2
9,454.0
501.3
5.0
9,979.9
9,489.4
490.5
4.9
10,011.7
9.520.9
490.9
4.9
10,019.9
9,558.2
461.7
4.6
1,022.0
988.5
33.4
3.3
1,023.6
992.3
31.3
3.1
1,027.2
994.7
32.5
3.2
1,030.6
998.2
32.3
3.1
1.034.0
1,001.1
32.9
3.2
1,038.7
1,006.4
32.3
3.1
1,044.2
1,011.7
32.5
3.1
1,049.7
1.017.6
32.1
3.1
1,056.1
1.024.2
31.9
3.0
1,061.9
1.030.9
31.1
2.9
1.069.7
1.038.8
30.9
2.9
1,076.5
1.045.6
30.9
2.9
1,079.4
1,048.7
30.7
2.8
323.2
309.7
13.5
4.2
323.1
309.9
13.2
4.1
323.4
310.4
13.0
4.0
324.2
311.3
12.8
4.0
324.7
311.9
12.8
3.9
325.4
312.7
12.7
3.9
325.9
313.3
12.7
3.9
326.4
313.8
12.6
3.9
328.5
315.9
12.6
3.8
329.3
316.9
12.4
3.8
330.3
318.0
12.3
3.7
329.2
317.2
12.0
3.6
330.5
319.0
11.5
3.5
3,343.1
3,203.0
140.1
4.2
3,345.6
3,206.7
138.8
4.2
3.351.4
3.212.0
139.4
4.2
3.362.5
3.223.0
139.5
4.1
3.375.7
3.236.7
139.0
4.1
3,389.4
3,252.9
136.6
4.0
3,411.1
3,276.3
134.7
4.0
3,435.0
3,302.9
132.1
3.8
3.465.9
3,338.8
127.1
3.7
3.500.9
3,376.1
124.8
3.6
3.538.4
3.417.2
121.2
3.4
3,541.0
3.424.7
116.4
3.3
3,547.4
3,432.3
115.1
3.2
2,943.7
2,794.9
148.7
5.1
2,958.1
2.810.1
148.0
5.0
2,976.7
2,827.9
148.7
5.0
2,984.7
2.841.7
143.0
4.8
2,995.7
2.854.1
141.7
4.7
3,015.2
2,875.0
140.2
4.7
3,009.7
2,869.9
139.7
4.6
3,008.9
2,867.6
141.3
4.7
3,011.2
2,875.3
135.8
4.5
3,010.2
2,877.7
132.6
4.4
3,016.0
2,882.4
133.6
4.4
3.012.2
2.877.6
134.6
4.5
3,009.1
2,885.1
124.0
4.1
808.8
750.0
58.9
7.3
806.4
749.4
57.1
7.1
805.5
748.4
57.2
7.1
800.1
746.6
53.5
6.7
803.7
748.3
55.4
6.9
803.4
747.9
55.5
6.9
802.2
747.4
54.7
6.8
801.7
747.6
54.1
6.7
804.6
750.8
53.8
6.7
805.0
752.1
52.9
6.6
802.7
751.0
51.6
6.4
802.9
753.7
49.2
6.1
800.4
754.3
46.1
5.8
2,916.3
2,808.7
107.6
3.7
2,910.3
2.802.0
108.3
3.7
2.917.6
2,808.9
108.7
3.7
2,919.4
2.811.9
107.5
3.7
2,923.7
2,814.0
109.7
3.8
2,927.8
2,817.8
110.1
3.8
2,930.1
2,821.2
108.9
3.7
2,933.8
2,826.4
107.4
3.7
2,941.9
2,836.7
105.1
3.6
2,947.0
2,843.1
103.8
3.5
2,953.0
2,849.8
103.2
3.5
2.963.4
2,869.6
93.8
3.2
2,966.3
2,873.9
92.4
3.1
249.8
236.5
13.3
5.3
249.1
236.0
13.1
5.3
249.1
235.5
13.7
5.5
248.5
235.8
12.7
5.1
248.4
235.5
12.9
5.2
249.7
236.9
12.8
5.1
250.1
237.5
12.6
5.0
250.5
238.2
12.3
4.9
252.1
240.1
12.1
4.8
253.0
241.4
11.6
4.6
254.9
243.5
11.4
4.5
254.0
243.5
10.6
4.2
254.2
244.0
10.2
4.0
South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
South Dakota
Civilian labor force
ErrtDloved
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Utah
Civilian labor force . .
Employed
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate
Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional ana will be
revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.
129
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of labor force
State and area
January
January
February
February
1998
1997
1998P
89.1
2.3
12.6
2.9
2.4
5.6
2.1
4.9
9.7
5.2
2.2
5.1
5.2
3.1
5.4
4.8
6.7
5.5
3.4
5.1
4.2
3.4
4.2
4.4
2.7
4.2
3.6
6.8
4.0
28
3.7
3.3
28
5.5
6.0
3.4
6.0
5.2
7.1
6.4
3.4
5.5
4.5
3.6
4.2
44
2.7
4.1
36
7.9
4.2
29
3.7
3.3
26
32.4
9.8
24.9
7.5
10.2
6.6
7.8
5.2
10.4
7.1
8.0
5.3
81.5
5.1
36.2
10.0
10.1
104.4
5.6
47.4
12.5
12.1
81.1
4.9
36.2
10.0
9.9
5.3
11.0
3.7
3.8
22.2
3.7
8.5
2.5
2.7
17.5
4.9
9.8
3.4
3.5
20.5
3.6
8.0
2.5
27
17.1
76.4
5.4
5.8
2.0
12.5
3.0
72.4
5.1
5.5
1.8
12.1
3.0
73.9
5.1
5.4
1.8
12.6
3.0
73.2
5.2
5.4
1.9
12.4
3.1
6.5
4.1
6.2
5.0
4.4
8.4
5.9
3.8
5.7
4.5
4.1
8.4
6.2
3.8
5.8
4.6
4.4
8.3
6.0
3.8
5.6
47
4.1
86
16,063.8
276.5
86.1
424.2
4,564.8
82.6
199.1
1,178.8
1,396.9
72.3
1,371.6
743.5
186.3
1,286.4
926.2
951.8
107.1
191.3
144.3
239.7
242.4
240.9
383.1
159.1
85.7
55.8
1,157.2
39.3
8.5
67.0
345.1
16.5
30.1
55.7
50.6
8.2
99.3
45.4
32.8
61.3
32.6
32.0
6.2
13.2
16.4
10.7
31.4
17.5
26.9
28.9
7.3
9.7
1,068.6
38.9
9.0
71.1
293.8
16.5
29.3
51.0
43.9
8.9
89.8
44.8
35.1
49.8
30.3
28.9
5.3
11.4
15.9
10.5
32.3
15.8
24.3
29.8
7.1
10.2
1,115.0
38.8
8.5
66.9
330.8
17.1
31.0
53.2
47.6
8.3
94.5
44.1
31.0
58.0
30.8
30.9
5.6
12.3
16.0
10.4
31.4
16.5
24.0
27.7
7.0
10.2
1,008.3
36.8
8.5
67.2
275.7
15.6
27.9
48.3
41.6
8.4
84.8
41.9
33.0
47.8
28.7
27.4
5.0
10.7
15.0
10.0
30.6
15.0
22.9
28.2
6.6
9.6
7.4
14.2
10.3
16.0
7.8
20.0
15.6
4.8
3.7
11.2
7.4
6.2
18.1
4.8
3.5
3.5
6.1
6.7
11.8
4.5
13.1
7.5
7.1
18.0
8.5
17.8
6.7
14.0
10.6
16.6
6.5
19.8
14 6
4.3
3.1
12.0
6.5
6.0
18.7
3.9
33
3.0
5.0
5.9
11.1
4.4
13.3
6.6
64
18.4
8.2
18.2
7.1
14.0
10.0
15.9
7.5
20.6
15.9
4.6
3.5
11.5
7.1
6.0
17.0
4.6
3.3
3.4
5.5
6.3
11.3
4.4
13.0
7.0
6.3
17.4
8.2
18.6
6.3
133
9.9
15 8
6.0
18.9
14 0
4.1
3.0
11.7
6.2
56
17.7
3.7
3 1
2.9
4.7
5.6
10.4
42
12.6
6.2
60
17.7
7.7
17.3
2,084.7
159.6
236.3
1,050.1
127.5
54.3
77.1
57.2
2,196.3
170.7
242.9
1,098.8
136.8
57.8
82.4
63.2
87.7
5.5
10.5
38.5
5.6
3.3
4.0
3.4
71.7
4.3
8.4
29.7
4.3
2.7
3.2
4.2
78.6
5.0
9.6
34.2
5.0
2.9
3.5
2.9
71.6
4.4
8.8
29.5
4.3
2.6
3.0
4.3
4.2
3.5
4.4
3.7
4.4
6.1
5.2
6.0
3.3
2.5
3.5
2.7
3.2
4.8
4.0
6.7
3.8
3.1
4.1
3.3
3.9
5.4
4.6
5.1
3.3
2.6
3.6
2.7
3.2
4.4
3.7
6.7
1,695.8
216.1
107.8
575.6
266.0
152.7
192.1
118.6
1,697.5
217.5
105.5
584.5
270.3
150.5
186.9
116.2
1,693.9
215.2
106.6
577.4
266.8
152.3
191.5
117.5
109.4
16.3
4.5
40.1
17.2
10.4
7.4
8.6
77.5
11.5
3.3
28.0
11.7
7.9
5.4
6.2
104.3
15.6
4.3
38.3
16.4
9.6
7.2
8.4
74.8
11.1
3.1
26.7
11.3
7.6
5.4
6.2
6.4
7.5
4.3
6.9
6.4
6.9
4.0
7.4
4.6
5.3
3.1
4.9
4.4
5.2
2.8
5.2
6.1
7.2
4.1
6.5
6.1
6.4
3.9
7.2
4.4
5.2
2.9
4.6
4.2
5.0
2.8
5.2
385.7
68.8
291.7
378.1
67.1
287.9
389.0
68.5
294.2
21.2
4.0
17.6
16.0
3.0
13.0
20.2
3.9
16.6
16.2
2.9
13.5
5.6
5.9
6.1
4.1
4.4
4.5
5.3
5.8
5.8
4.2
4.3
4.6
1998
1997
1998
1997
1998P
Alabama
Anniston
Birmingham
Decatur
Dothan
Florence
Gadsden
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
2,137.6
54.2
461.1
72.6
66.0
71.1
49.5
166.5
263.5
159.3
80.8
2,128.4
53.7
464.8
71.3
66.3
70.5
49.6
168.9
262.7
157.6
82.5
2,156.0
54.9
464.0
72.9
66.5
71.8
50.1
167.9
265.4
160.6
82.5
2,130.9
53.7
463.8
71.1
66.4
70.6
49.9
169.9
264.2
157.5
83.2
109.5
2.8
14.5
3.9
3.2
4.8
2.7
5.6
13.5
6.7
2.8
88.8
2.4
12.6
3.0
2.4
4.8
2.0
4.7
9.8
5.2
2.3
119.4
3.3
15.9
4.4
3.4
5.1
3.2
5.7
14.7
7.3
3.0
Alaska
Anchorage .
310.0
138.5
311.1
140.8
311.9
137.7
312.7
139.4
31.5
9.2
24.3
7.4
Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Yuma
2,132.1
57.7
1,395.7
355.8
60.5
2,216.9
59.7
1,469.3
363.9
58.1
2,123.1
57.6
1,392.9
354.5
59.0
2,225.2
60.4
1,475.8
366.5
57.5
113.5
6.3
51.0
13.5
13.4
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Jonesboro
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
1,183.0
133.3
93.3
39.3
286.0
35.6
1,218.3
136.9
95.7
40.9
296.9
36.0
1,187.1
134.3
93.3
39.2
287.5
35.6
1,226.8
138.6
96.2
41.2
297.9
36.1
15.698.2
277.9
83.3
419.6
4,403.9
82.2
192.8
1,160.0
1,357.6
73.3
1,340.8
734.1
181.4
1,267.7
920.9
914.1
102.2
195.2
139.2
234.5
240.2
232.5
380.2
160.5
85.6
54.3
16,033.9
278.4
85.1
428.1
4,531.3
83.1
200.1
1,178.2
1,392.8
74.0
1,372.5
743.8
187.9
1,281.2
929.5
946.6
106.5
192.4
143.2
239.9
242.6
239.3
382 6
161.5
86.1
56.3
15,754.8
277.9
84.8
420.2
4,435.6
82.8
195.3
1,162.5
1,361.3
72.4
1,340.9
733.8
182.3
1,270.0
920.1
919.7
103.2
195.4
141.5
235.2
241.7
233.6
381 2
159.4
86.3
55.1
2,080.2
157.7
235.4
1,050.5
126.6
54.3
75.9
57.1
2,180.0
167.7
241.3
1,093.5
134.7
57.0
81.1
62.1
1,700.0
218.0
106.2
585.3
268.6
151.4
187.1
116.1
376.8
67.4
286.4
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Fort Collins-Loveland
Grand Junction
Pueblo
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
.
See footnotes at end of table.
February
1997
1997
1997
California
Bakersfield..
Chico-Paradise
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Merced
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Redding
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville
Yolo
Yuba City
January
130
1998P
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of labor force
State and area
January
January
February
1997
February
1998
1997
February
January
1998P
1997
1998
1997
1998P
1997
1998
1997
1998P
District of Columbia
Washington
256.4
2,475.7
253.8
2,544.5
256.8
2,475.8
257.5
2,553.0
20.4
96.5
21.8
87.7
20.6
97.8
23.9
92.1
7.9
3.9
8.6
3.4
8.0
4.0
9.3
3.6
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
,
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay.....
Miami
,
Naples
Ocala
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Punta Gorda
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
6,906.4
182.8
726.6
168.3
121.2
72.8
98.5
506.9
194.2
196.8
1,023.7
85.6
92.3
779.4
62.0
163.2
45.3
251.0
139.0
1,097.1
468.9
7,150.0
187.5
752.0
170.5
122.2
76.7
102.0
532.2
196.7
202.3
1,036.5
88.7
95.2
817.8
64.5
168.4
46.3
271.4
141.1
1,144.2
489.2
6,915.4
185.1
728.1
169.4
119.5
73.3
98.7
508.6
192.5
196.7
1,019.4
86.0
91.8
784.0
62.3
163.8
45.3
252.0
139.6
1,103.3
470.4
7,154.9
189.7
753.8
170.9
121.1
77.0
101.9
531.3
196.7
201.9
1,031.5
88.9
94.4
820.2
64.1
168.4
46.2
272.2
141.9
1,150.1
489.8
360.3
8.5
38.3
6.3
11.4
3.2
3.2
20.9
11.7
10.5
79.7
3.7
5.1
29.9
5.7
7.8
2.1
7.9
4.7
43.1
29.3
354.4
8.1
39.2
6.1
10.2
3.6
3.1
20.7
10.7
9.7
75.8
3.7
4.9
28.9
6.6
7.9
2.2
8.3
5.1
43.5
28.6
314.9
7.3
34.2
5.5
9.4
2.8
2.8
18.1
10.1
9.3
69.9
3.4
4.3
26.1
4.8
7.0
1.9
6.6
4.1
38.0
26.3
301.8
6.4
34.7
4.9
8.6
3.0
2.6
17.6
9.1
7.9
65.9
2.9
3.9
24.4
4.9
7.0
1.7
6.5
4.7
36.8
25.1
5.2
4.6
5.3
3.7
9.4
4.5
3.2
4.1
6.0
5.4
7.8
4.3
5.5
3.8
9.2
4.8
4.6
3.2
3.4
3.9
6.2
5.0
4.3
5.2
3.6
8.4
4.7
3.1
3.9
5.4
4.8
7.3
4.2
5.1
3.5
10.2
4.7
4.8
3.0
3.6
3.8
5.8
4.6
3.9
4.7
3.3
7.9
3.9
2.8
3.6
5.2
4.7
6.9
3.9
4.7
3.3
7.7
4.3
4.2
2.6
3.0
3.4
5.6
4.2
3.4
4.6
2.9
7.1
3.8
2.6
3.3
4.6
3.9
6.4
3.2
4.2
3.0
7.7
4.2
3.7
2.4
3.3
3.2
5.1
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
3,804.9
56.3
70.8
1,998.7
201.2
119.9
148.0
131.0
3,879.7
56.7
72.9
2,054.7
201.0
121.3
151.9
132.4
3,849.1
56.7
72.1
2,023.4
203.1
120.8
149.9
132.1
3,924.7
57.2
74.1
2,075.6
201.9
121.8
154.0
132.9
173.0
3.3
2.0
74.2
12.7
5.7
6.5
6.6
145.8
3.4
2.0
61.0
10.9
4.9
6.4
5.0
186.0
3.5
2.3
78.7
13.6
5.7
6.8
6.9
162.1
3.8
2.2
66.3
11.0
5.1
7.8
5.4
4.5
5.9
2.8
3.7
6.3
4.8
4.4
5.1
3.8
6.1
2.8
3.0
5.4
4.1
4.2
3.8
4.8
6.2
3.1
3.9
6.7
4.7
4.5
5.2
4.1
6.6
2.9
3.2
5.4
4.2
5.1
4.0
Hawaii
Honolulu
593.0
426.0
594.2
427.4
590.9
425.4
591.8
425.7
38.8
22.7
33.2
20.5
38.1
22.8
33.1
20.1
6.5
5.3
5.6
4.8
6.4
5.4
5.6
4.7
Idaho
Boise City
Pocatello
622.5
211.0
39.0
633.7
218.6
40.4
620.9
210.9
39.1
634.9
218.8
40.3
43.6
10.9
2.3
40.6
10.2
2.4
42.2
10.0
2.4
40.8
9.0
2.3
7.0
5.2
6.0
6.4
4.7
5.9
6.8
4.7
6.1
6.4
4.1
5.8
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
6,052.4
78.2
90.3
4,021.8
182.0
58.1
51.2
178.5
193.6
104.7
6,122.2
82.3
89.5
4,074.4
184.8
57.6
51.8
181.3
195.2
106.1
6,056.3
80.7
93.3
4,028.8
181.5
58.1
50.9
177.6
192.7
104.3
6,124.3
83.0
93.8
4,078.8
185.8
57.4
51.5
180.4
195.3
105.7
347.3
2.8
3.3
211.2
9.2
4.8
3.6
11.0
13.8
5.5
346.3
3.0
3.2
215.3
8.0
4.1
3.7
9.6
10.9
5.7
330.3
2.6
3.2
206.7
8.7
4.8
3.5
10.2
9.6
5.3
315.8
2.6
2.9
198.0
7.6
3.7
3.5
8.2
10.0
5.0
5.7
3.6
3.7
5.3
5.1
8.3
7.0
6.1
7.1
5.2
5.7
3.6
3.5
5.3
4.3
7.2
7.2
5.3
5.6
5.4
5.5
3.2
3.4
5.1
4.8
8.2
6.9
5.7
5.0
5.1
5.2
3.1
3.1
4.9
4.1
6.4
6.8
4.6
5.1
4.7
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
3,006.2
60.9
90.6
154.1
257.7
297.6
801.9
50.7
86.9
62.1
132.7
72.1
3,058.9
63.0
91.9
155.8
263.4
299.9
827.6
51.1
89.2
61.9
135.3
72.0
3,022.9
61.7
91.8
154.3
258.6
297.9
807.2
50.6
89.2
63.0
133.4
71.9
3,066.0
62.5
92.3
155.8
263.5
298.8
831.4
51.1
90.8
63.2
135.5
71.7
116.2
1.7
3.3
7.5
7.8
12.7
23.2
1.7
2.4
2.8
4.7
4.7
112.7
1.6
3.0
6.4
8.1
13.3
23.5
1.7
2.4
2.7
4.6
4.4
117.5
1.6
3.2
7.2
8.0
13.3
23.9
1.8
2.5
2.8
4.9
4.6
113.1
1.6
2.8
6.2
8.1
13.3
23.8
1.8
2.4
3.0
4.8
4.3
3.9
2.8
3.6
4.9
3.0
4.3
2.9
3.4
2.7
4.5
3.6
6.5
3.7
2.6
3.2
4.1
3.1
4.4
2.8
3.4
2.7
4.3
3.4
6.1
3.9
2.5
3.4
4.7
3.1
4.5
3.0
3.5
2.8
4.4
3.6
6.4
3.7
2.6
3.0
4.0
3.1
4.5
2.9
3.5
2.7
4.8
3.5
5.9
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
1,570.5
108.7
253.1
50.0
64.7
65.1
69.0
1,572.1
110.8
250.2
49.9
65.3
65.1
69.0
1,570.4
108.8
253.6
50.1
64.4
65.0
69.4
1,577.0
112.3
254.0
50.6
66.7
65.7
70.4
72.4
3.9
9.0
2.9
2.0
2.6
3.5
55.6
2.8
6.7
2.2
1.5
2.2
2.7
70.3
3.8
8.5
2.8
1.9
2.8
3.3
51.2
2.6
6.2
2.0
1.4
2.0
2.6
4.6
3.6
3.6
5.9
3.1
4.1
5.0
3.5
2.5
2.7
4.4
2.4
3.3
4.0
4.5
3.5
3.4
5.7
2.9
4.3
4.8
3.2
2.3
2.4
3.9
2.1
3.1
3.7
See footnotes at end of table.
131
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of labor force
State and area
January
January
February
February
1998
1997
1998P
52.3
2.2
4.0
8.6
4.9
5.1
6.4
4.2
4.2
4.4
5.2
3.3
4.4
4.6
5.6
3.8
3.7
3.9
4.5
3.0
127.2
7.6
26.6
3.6
92.1
5.5
18.8
2.1
6.9
3.1
4.6
7.2
5.4
2.3
3.7
4.8
6.8
3.1
5.0
7.4
4.8
2.2
3.4
4.3
122.9
3.7
14.2
3.0
11.0
5.6
4.3
29.9
12.2
122.4
3.6
14.2
3.3
9.1
5.3
4.4
32.3
12.0
86.9
2.4
10.1
2.2
7.7
3.5
3.0
21.9
8.8
7.3
7.7
5.9
4.8
6.3
7.4
7.5
6.2
8.0
6.0
6.2
4.9
3.3
6.2
6.2
6.1
4.8
6.5
6.2
6.3
5.0
3.8
5.4
5.9
6.4
5.3
6.6
4.3
4 1
3.5
2.4
4.4
3.9
4.3
3.6
4.7
43.0
2.4
3.4
4.1
40.7
2.3
3.5
4.2
44.4
2.5
3.8
4.4
37.8
2.1
3.1
4.0
6.6
4.8
6.6
3.1
6.3
4.6
6.6
3.2
6.8
4.9
7.3
3.4
5.9
4.2
6.0
3.1
2,760.1
1,302.6
46.0
71.1
147.5
74.0
4.6
4.3
142.6
74.7
4.1
3.9
152.5
77.2
5.1
4.4
143.6
71.4
4.2
4.0
5.3
5.7
10.0
6.1
5.2
5.7
9.0
5.5
5.5
5.9
11.0
6.3
5.2
5.5
9.2
5.6
3,211.9
65.8
1,788.5
130.4
68.3
193.5
159.4
81.6
39.5
282.0
247.2
3,225.4
66.7
1,793.9
131.3
69.6
195.5
165.0
81.6
39.4
284.0
247.8
152.6
5.6
67.7
7.2
3.8
11.5
7.2
8.5
2.7
14.2
10.5
138.5
5.3
60.8
6.1
3.4
9.6
6.4
7.6
2.3
14.1
9.7
146.2
5.3
65.1
6.7
3.6
10.7
6.8
8.0
2.7
13.5
10.3
123.4
4.5
54.2
5.5
3.0
8.6
5.7
6.9
2.1
12.5
9.0
4.8
8.5
3.8
5.5
5.5
5.9
4.5
10.3
6.7
5.1
4.2
4.3
7.8
3.4
4.7
4.8
4.9
3.9
9.2
5.8
5.0
3.9
4.6
8.0
3.6
5.1
5.2
5.5
4.3
9.8
6.8
4.8
4.2
3.8
6.8
3.0
4.2
4.3
4.4
3.4
8.4
5.4
4.4
3.6
4,974.2
291.7
81.9
2,238.2
203.5
586.4
75.6
228.7
242.8
200.6
4,919.3
289 4
82.2
2,205.9
204.3
572.3
75.5
228.8
243.3
197.5
4,999.7
295.4
82.1
2,246.5
204.3
588.1
75.9
230.2
246.0
200.5
263.3
9.9
5.3
104.6
12.7
24.6
4.0
10.7
9.1
11.4
231.5
7.7
4.4
91.2
11.0
20.7
3.6
9.3
11.1
10.2
249.7
9.0
5.2
95.6
12.4
23.2
3.9
10.5
8.7
11.4
229.4
7.5
4.4
87.5
11.0
20.7
3.6
9.5
10.5
10.7
5.4
3.4
6.5
4.8
6.2
4.3
5.3
4.7
3.8
5.7
4.7
2.6
5.4
4.1
5.4
3.5
4.7
4.1
4.6
5.1
5.1
3.1
6.4
4.3
6.1
4.0
5.2
4.6
3.6
5.8
4.6
2.5
5.3
3.9
5.4
3.5
4.7
4.1
4.3
5.3
2,560.0
121.4
1,594.3
64.5
91.4
2,636.7
123.6
1,653.6
67.3
93.5
2,558.0
120.8
1,596.4
64.1
91.5
2,636.5
123.3
1,654.7
67.1
93.8
113.8
7.5
49.7
2.0
6.1
92.2
6.3
40.6
1.5
4.6
101.1
7.1
44.9
1.8
5.2
80.0
5.8
35.7
1.3
3.8
4.4
6.2
3.1
3.1
6.7
3.5
5.1
2.5
2.3
4.9
4.0
5.8
2.8
2.7
5.7
3.0
4.7
2.2
1.9
4.1
1,243.7
158.7
49.7
216.8
1,272.7
161.6
51.7
224.1
1,253.5
159.9
50.0
218.3
1,277.5
162.5
51.8
226.2
80.2
8.5
1.7
8.1
74.3
6.4
1.6
7.7
75.5
8.1
1.5
7.6
69.3
6.0
1.5
7.3
6.5
5.4
3.4
3.7
5.8
3.9
3.1
3.4
6.0
5.0
3.1
3.5
5.4
3.7
2.9
3.2
2,866.9
77.8
80.5
945.2
49.1
1,338.1
166.3
2,878.2
77.2
80.0
983.7
49.1
1,337.3
169.0
2,865.1
80.3
80.8
945.0
49.1
1,339.0
167.5
2,881.4
79.8
80.3
986.4
49.3
1,345.0
170.3
154.9
1.6
3.6
39.9
3.3
64.6
7.4
134.0
1.4
3.2
37.9
2.7
60.0
6.1
144.0
1.5
3.4
37.7
3.2
59.3
6.8
130.1
1.3
3.0
35.9
2.8
57.9
5.9
5.4
2.1
4.5
4.2
6.7
4.8
4.4
4.7
1.8
3.9
3.9
5.5
4.5
3.6
5.0
1.8
4.2
4.0
6.5
4.4
4.1
4.5
1.6
3.8
3.6
5.6
4.3
3.5
441.8
67.4
37.2
454.8
70.0
37.6
445.1
68.2
37.5
458.5
70.3
37.7
28.2
3.4
2.3
29.7
3.6
2.5
28.6
3.5
2.3
29.6
3.4
2.3
6.4
5.1
6.2
6.5
5.1
6.5
6.4
5.1
6.2
6.5
4.9
6.1
1998
1997
1998
1997
1998P
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
1,337.9
50.5
88.4
267.2
1,396.7
54.4
89.5
283.2
1,335.2
51.5
88.7
267.0
1,396.1
55.3
89.2
283.7
65.6
2.6
5.6
11.2
58.2
2.4
4.7
9.4
59.1
2.4
5.0
10.2
Kentucky
Lexington .
Louisville
Owensboro
1,882.0
239.8
529.3
48.7
1,903.8
251.4
546.9
49.3
1,883.4
243.8
532.6
48.9
1,904.6
254.1
547.1
49.2
129.1
7.5
24.5
3.5
102.1
5.9
20.0
2.4
Louisiana
Alexandria
....
Baton Rouge
Houma .
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
1,982.0
58.1
281.0
84.6
168.2
89.3
68.9
609.9
182.8
2,037.3
59.3
291.5
90.8
177.9
90.7
70.7
619.4
188.1
1,981.2
57.7
284.3
85.3
168.9
89.6
68.9
606.1
181.3
2,006.6
58.1
290.3
90.6
175.7
89.2
69.5
611.0
184.7
144.1
4.5
16.6
4.0
10.6
6.6
5.2
37.8
14.7
652.2
49.4
52.3
131.8
649.0
50.7
52.8
133.4
650.3
50.0
51.5
130.5
644.7
50.9
51.3
131.7
2,758.6
1,304.1
45.7
70.1
2,763.8
1,308.2
45.9
71.2
2,755.9
1,306.0
46.0
69.6
3,208.5
66.1
1,785.7
129.5
68.5
193.6
159.7
82.7
39.8
279.4
246.8
3,233.2
68.0
1,796.5
130.9
70.0
196.3
165.9
82.6
39.9
282.5
248.8
4,900.5
287 2
82.0
2,200.7
204.3
570.4
75.2
227.1
240.0
198.0
Minnesota
. .
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St Paul
Rochester
St Cloud
Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula
Hattiesbura
Jackson
Maine
Bangor.
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
Maryland
Baltimore
Cumberland
Hagerstown
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth.
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield .
Springfield
Worcester
.
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
Missouri
Columbia
joplin
Kansas City
St Joseph
St Louis LMA
Springfield
Montana
Billings
Great Falls
.
..
See footnotes at end of table.
February
1997
1997
1997
.
January
132
1998P
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of labor force
Number
State and area
January
1997
1998
January
February
1997
1997
1998P
January
February
1998
1997
1998P
February
1997
1998
1997
1998P
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
893.2
138.8
376.4
914.6
140.5
392.0
889.9
139.4
377.8
916.4
141.6
395.2
33.9
4.3
14.0
21.9
2.4
9.2
30.0
3.8
12.5
20.7
2.3
9.0
3.8
3.1
3.7
2.4
1.7
2.4
3.4
2.7
3.3
2.3
1.6
2.3
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
855.2
647.0
165.8
896.0
679.5
170.1
864.3
653.6
167.1
906.9
685.8
173.4
43.5
31.0
9.1
42.7
30.1
7.9
38.6
28.1
7.7
42.1
28.6
8.3
5.1
4.8
5.5
4.8
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.3
4.6
4.6
4.2
4.8
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
624.4
99.3
98.2
118.7
646.1
102.8
102.9
120.6
626.9
99.0
97.9
119.7
645.7
102.4
103.3
121.4
24.6
3.4
3.3
4.4
20.5
2.8
2.9
3.3
23.3
3.2
3.2
4.1
20.3
2.8
2.8
3.3
3.9
3.4
3.3
3.7
3.2
2.7
2.8
2.7
3.7
3.3
3.2
3.4
3.1
2.7
2.7
2.8
4,139.9
169.4
671.6
285.6
625.4
503.9
1,014.2
169.6
65.5
4,138.8
169.3
672.2
279.8
641.0
501.3
1,013.8
168.3
65.9
4,155.2
168.2
672.9
285.5
630.7
505.9
1,018.2
170.6
64.8
4.151.8
170.7
669.0
281.0
643.9
505.1
1,016.1
169.2
67.0
251.5
19.5
40.4
25.4
25.6
30.0
58.5
9.3
7.1
225.5
19.3
34.4
22.8
23.3
27.3
51.9
8.1
7.0
237.4
17.8
38.3
23.3
24.5
28.5
55.9
8.7
6.6
223.6
18.8
33.6
22.5
23.6
27.1
51.5
8.0
7.0
6.1
11.5
6.0
8.9
4.1
6.0
5.8
5.5
10.8
5.4
11.4
5.1
8.2
3.6
5.4
5.1
4.8
10.6
5.7
10.6
5.7
8.2
3.9
5.6
5.5
5.1
10.2
5.4
11.0
5.0
8.0
3.7
5.4
5.1
4.8
10.4
801.3
347.6
64.7
72.1
830.6
362.9
67.8
74.1
804.1
350.6
65.0
73.1
833.6
365.6
67.9
75.0
61.9
16.8
7.4
3.6
56.1
16.1
6.9
2.9
53.1
14.6
6.5
3.0
51.0
15.0
6.6
2.6
7.7
4.8
11.4
4.9
6.8
4.4
10.2
3.9
6.6
4.2
10.0
4.0
6.1
4.1
9.7
3.4
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
8,689.1
444.7
122.4
573.5
116.9
44.1
60.2
67.8
1,359.8
3,988.3
169.8
564.8
362.2
141.2
8,719.9
449.6
125.5
578.7
117.3
44.5
60.4
67.9
1,385.6
3,970.1
169.4
568.2
362.9
143.0
8,727.8
449.2
123.4
576.0
118.0
44.1
60.4
67.8
1,359.7
4,006.6
170.1
568.7
363.3
141.0
8,759.9
452.1
125.9
579.2
117.9
44.4
60.5
68.0
1,381.3
4,002.8
169.3
569.8
364.0
142.4
620.8
22.0
6.4
34.3
5.6
2.1
5.0
4.3
56.0
368.3
8.1
26.0
20.7
8.9
576.6
21.7
6.3
35.9
4.9
2.1
5.0
4.5
53.7
321.7
7.4
26.8
19.2
8.8
622.4
21.9
6.4
34.4
5.7
2.1
5.1
4.4
56.8
369.6
8.2
26.2
20.3
8.7
591.7
22.2
6.6
37.0
5.1
2.3
5.0
4.5
55.3
335.1
7.6
27.8
19.6
9.1
7.1
4.9
5.2
6.0
4.8
4.8
8.3
6.4
4.1
9.2
4.8
4.6
5.7
6.3
6.6
4.8
5.1
6.2
4.2
4.7
8.3
6.7
3.9
8.1
4.4
4.7
5.3
6.2
7.1
4.9
5.2
6.0
4.8
4.7
8.4
6.4
4.2
9.2
4.9
4.6
5.6
6.1
6.8
4.9
5.2
6.4
4.3
5.3
8.3
6.6
4.0
8.4
4.5
4.9
5.4
6.4
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Greenville
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington
3,777.9
110.3
734.9
112.3
46.5
636.2
63.6
175.7
44.2
589.8
72.4
106.9
3,774.4
109.8
741.3
113.6
48.0
633.4
64.6
172.4
44.9
607.0
68.0
104.9
3,793.8
110.1
739.3
112.1
46.7
637.1
64.2
175.5
44.2
597.3
72.2
107.1
3,798.4
110.7
746.9
114.4
48.3
638.1
65.0
172.0
45.1
613.5
67.7
106.1
161.8
4.3
25.0
5.0
1.8
19.8
3.2
6.1
1.8
12.9
6.5
5.7
155.9
3.7
21.5
5.2
2.3
20.0
2.8
6.1
2.1
12.2
5.2
5.9
156.6
3.8
24.0
5.0
1.8
20.2
3.0
6.0
1.6
12.4
5.8
4.7
155.4
3.8
21.3
4.8
2.1
20.4
2.9
5.7
2.0
12.4
5.0
5.9
4.3
3.9
3.4
4.5
3.9
3.1
5.0
3.4
4.0
2.2
8.9
5.4
4.1
3.4
2.9
4.6
4.9
3.2
4.3
3.5
4.6
2.0
7.7
5.7
4.1
3.4
3.3
4.5
4.0
4.1
3.4
2.9
4.2
4.4
3.2
3.2
4.7
3.4
3.7
2.1
8.0
4.4
4.5
3.3
4.3
2.0
7.4
5.6
337.5
52.8
98.7
53.0
334.6
52.4
102.2
52.9
338.4
53.0
99.4
53.6
336.8
52.7
103.0
53.6
13.2
2.1
2.9
2.0
8.1
1.3
1.7
1.4
10.4
1.8
2.3
1.7
7.3
1.2
1.6
1.3
3.9
4.0
2.9
3.8
2.4
2.5
1.7
2.7
3.1
3.3
2.3
3.2
2.2
2.3
1.6
2.4
5,581.0
357.4
199.2
814.5
1,085.0
782.0
468.8
171.3
74.4
82.3
57.5
311.6
281.1
5,706.1
364.2
203.2
838.2
1,115.1
811.4
476.0
173.9
76.1
83.3
57.1
316.3
287.8
5,585.6
358.7
199.6
816.2
1,091.4
784.2
470.2
171.6
73.3
81.9
57.4
311.1
280.3
5,707.2
363.7
204.0
839.3
1,118.4
812.2
476.7
175.4
75.7
82.8
56.3
315.4
286.3
327.8
21.0
12.7
38.3
65.5
28.1
24.0
7.6
5.4
5.6
7.4
17.8
20.3
283.3
17.8
10.6
33.2
55.9
24.6
19.5
6.9
3.9
5.3
4.6
16.6
19.1
317.2
19.3
12.2
37.9
65.8
26.9
22.7
6.9
4.4
5.3
7.6
17.1
19.3
271.2
16.8
10.0
30.5
55.1
23.4
18.7
6.5
3.6
4.8
3.8
15.6
17.4
5.9
5.9
6.4
4.7
6.0
3.6
5.1
4.4
7.3
6.8
12.9
5.7
7.2
5.0
4.9
5.2
4.0
5.0
3.0
4.1
4.0
5.1
6.3
8.0
5.2
6.6
5.7
5.4
6.1
4.6
6.0
3.4
4.8
4.0
6.0
6.5
13.2
5.5
6.9
4.8
4.6
4.9
3.6
4.9
2.9
3.9
3.7
4.8
5.8
6.8
4.9
6.1
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
See footnotes at end of table.
133
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian laoor torce
Number
Percent of labor force
State and area
January
January
February
1997
February
1998
1997
1998
1997
1998P
66.1
0.9
1.8
17.5
13.0
5.2
3.8
6.4
4.0
4.3
4.0
3.3
4.7
3.3
3.3
4.8
3.5
5.8
3.7
3.9
4.1
3.3
4.6
3.3
3.2
125.4
11.3
8.6
51.8
11.4
103.4
9.4
6.8
42.4
9.5
7.4
7.2
10.2
5.1
7.5
6.2
6.1
7.7
4.2
6.7
7.4
7.3
10.2
5.2
7.2
5.9
5.8
7.8
4.1
5.9
307.9
15.0
3.5
8.2
11.4
8.4
7.7
113.7
60.7
7.7
23.7
2.8
2.1
4.4
7.3
345.2
17.5
4.0
9.4
12.2
10.1
7.5
127.6
65.6
8.4
25.8
3.2
2.4
4.4
8.9
308.6
15.2
3.5
8.2
11.9
8.4
7.8
114.1
61.1
8.0
23.0
2.7
2.2
4.4
7.6
5.9
5.8
6.6
6.7
3.5
9.4
3.3
5.3
5.7
4.7
8.4
6.0
4.0
7.7
4.5
5.2
4.9
5.6
5.9
3.3
8.0
3.2
4.6
5.3
4.2
7.6
5.1
3.3
7.6
3.8
5.9
5.7
6.5
6.8
3.5
9.5
3.2
5.2
5.7
4.6
8.3
5.8
3.7
7.7
4.6
5.2
5.0
5.6
5.9
3.4
8.0
3.2
4.6
5.3
4.3
7.4
4.9
3.3
7.5
3.9
31.1
38.0
28.9
34.5
33.1
39.6
30.7
35.4
6.2
6.6
5.7
6.0
6.6
6.9
6.1
6.1
1,888.4
252.2
268.7
62.3
477.3
94.2
46.4
107.3
12.6
8.8
4.3
18.2
9.3
2.8
76.9
7.9
5.8
2.9
11.4
7.2
2.1
108.7
12.7
9.0
4.4
19.0
8.2
3.0
72.8
7.2
5.7
2.8
11.9
5.5
2.1
5.8
5.2
3.4
6.8
3.9
10.2
6.2
4.1
3.2
2.2
4.7
2.4
7.6
4.6
5.8
5.1
3.4
6.9
4.0
8.8
6.4
3.9
2.8
2.1
4.5
2.5
5.9
4.5
380.8
44.3
94.6
387.2
45.3
100.2
16.6
2.1
2.8
13.9
1.6
2.2
14.9
1.8
2.5
12.5
1.4
2.0
4.3
4.6
2.9
3.6
3.6
2.2
3.9
4.1
2.6
3.2
3.0
2.0
2,736.8
224.2
81.2
55.9
231.9
339.2
535.4
628.4
2,652.6
219.1
78.7
54.0
223.2
329.0
519.9
599.6
2,732.6
223.1
81.5
56.2
231.9
337.5
534.9
629.9
164.6
11.0
3.7
3.1
12.7
19.7
24.5
22.3
139.8
10.4
3.5
2.1
12.1
16.8
23.3
19.3
154.7
11.4
3.7
2.9
11.7
19.4
23.5
20.9
128.0
9.5
3.1
1.9
10.9
15.4
21.0
17.6
6.2
5.0
4.7
5.8
5.6
6.0
4.7
3.7
5.1
4.6
4.3
3.7
5.2
4.9
4.4
3.1
5.8
5.2
4.6
5.4
5.2
5.9
4.5
3.5
4.7
4.3
3.8
3.4
4.7
4.6
3.9
2.8
9,928.2
60.2
109.9
656.5
182.1
105.3
128.8
68.7
175.2
1,836.6
285.9
847.8
123.9
2,068.7
113.9
71.3
103.5
121.6
205.1
124.2
50.5
743.3
49.9
9,715.7
59.7
109.4
639.2
178.9
104.8
125.0
70.1
177.2
1,763.8
286.5
826.8
122.9
2,019.1
112.2
69.7
102.2
120.4
195.7
120.8
51.2
729.3
49.7
9,922.3
60.0
110.6
660.0
180.1
105.2
126.9
71.7
175.1
1,839.4
285.8
850.7
123.0
2,064.7
113.6
70.1
103.0
122.7
199.8
124.3
50.3
745.3
49.7
590.3
2.7
5.1
22.3
16.1
8.6
16.6
1.7
16.2
71.3
35.2
34.0
11.3
114.5
6.1
8.7
8.3
4.7
44.3
7.1
1.9
31.2
2.4
531.1
2.2
4.4
19.8
14.5
7.1
17.7
1.4
12.2
65.7
30.5
30.7
9.3
94.9
5.7
7.3
7.8
4.6
43.2
5.6
1.7
29.6
2.3
568.2
2.6
4.8
21.0
14.4
7.8
16.2
1.7
15.2
70.8
34.4
33.8
10.4
109.4
6.0
8.6
8.1
4.6
41.2
6.9
1.8
30.1
2.5
478.8
2.0
4.0
17.3
12.5
6.4
16.0
1.2
11.3
60.1
28.9
28.4
8.1
85.2
5.1
6.6
7.0
4.3
37.5
5.3
1.5
26.6
2.0
6.1
4.5
4.7
3.5
9.0
8.2
13.2
2.6
9.1
4.0
12.2
4.1
9.2
5.7
5.5
12.4
8.2
3.9
22.3
5.8
3.6
4.3
4.8
5.3
3.7
4.0
3.0
8.0
6.8
13.7
2.0
6.9
3.6
10.7
3.6
7.5
4.6
5.0
10.3
7.6
3.7
21.1
4.5
3.3
4.0
4.5
5.8
4.4
4.4
3.3
8.0
7.4
12.9
2.4
8.6
4.0
12.0
4.1
8.5
5.4
5.3
12.3
7.9
3.8
21.0
5.7
3.5
4.1
5.0
4.8
3.3
3.6
2.6
6.9
6.1
12.6
1.7
6.4
3.3
10.1
3.3
6.6
4.1
4.5
9.4
6.8
3.5
18.8
4.2
2.9
3.6
4.1
1998
1997
1998P
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,577.5
27.6
40.8
518.3
392.4
1,589.4
28.5
39.4
519.3
401.2
1,581.6
27.4
40.8
520.6
393.7
1,601.3
28.4
39.5
524.1
403.7
82.2
1.0
2.6
20.9
16.7
63.6
0.9
1.9
17.0
13.1
75.5
1.0
2.4
19.2
15.4
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
1,686.1
154.9
84.7
999.9
158.0
1,775.7
162.1
89.5
1,057.8
165.0
1,683.1
155.3
84.8
996.7
158.3
1,752.1
160.4
87.9
1,044.2
162.2
124.1
11.2
8.7
51.0
11.8
109.7
9.8
6.9
44.7
11.0
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
,
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton .
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
5,895.2
305.5
62.0
139.1
345.3
106.7
235.5
2,460.7
1,146.4
181.6
312.6
54.1
61.2
57.5
192.9
5,899.6
304.8
62.5
139.2
347.4
105.8
238.9
2,455.9
1,145.1
182.5
310.3
55.5
64.7
57.8
194.1
5,896.9
306.6
62.2
139.7
344.1
106.4
233.9
2,471.4
1,145.3
180.9
312.1
55.5
65.4
57.0
192.3
5,906.4
306.9
62.5
138.9
347.4
105.1
241.5
2,458.5
1,143.0
183.2
310.5
56.0
67.5
58.4
194.1
346.0
17.7
4.1
9.4
12.0
10.1
7.7
130.0
65.5
8.5
26.4
3.2
2.4
4.4
8.7
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick ...
498.0
573.1
506.2
579.3
501.1
575.3
506.5
579.2
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Florence
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
Myrtle Beach
Sumter
1,850.0
242.8
261.5
63.0
468.1
91.5
45.5
1,866.9
249.1
263.7
61.7
470.2
93.8
45.9
1,880.3
247.0
266.7
63.9
475.7
93.0
46.0
382.1
44.4
94.6
387.6
45.4
100.1
2,656.3
218.3
78.6
53.6
224.2
328.5
516.0
596.4
9,720.2
60.1
109.6
634.8
179.1
104.9
125.2
67.1
177.8
1,764.4
288.1
825.4
123.2
2,022.4
112.1
70.2
102.3
119.5
198.2
121.2
51.1
728.0
49.3
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
,
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
,
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
,
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
,
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
See footnotes at end of table.
February
1997
1997
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
January
134
1998P
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of labor force
Number
State and area
January
1997
Texas (Continued.)
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
1998
January
February
1997
1998P
1997
1998
1997
February
January
February
1998P
1997
1998
1997
1998P
56.3
87.7
42.3
97.7
64.9
57.3
89.5
42.6
100.7
65.7
56.2
87.2
42.4
98.7
64.9
57.3
89.1
42.7
100.9
65.7
4.7
5.8
2.5
4.5
3.0
4.7
5.5
2.0
4.9
3.3
4.6
5.5
2.5
4.5
2.9
4.4
4.8
1.8
4.2
3.1
8.3
6.6
5.9
4.6
4.6
8.1
6.2
4.8
4.8
5.0
8.1
6.3
5.9
4.5
4.5
7.7
5.4
4.3
4.2
4.8
1,008.9
150.0
648.8
1,064.0
156.7
685.7
1,007.2
150.5
646.9
1,063.1
157.8
684.9
35.2
4.5
20.0
31.9
3.8
19.4
37.3
4.8
21.3
34.3
4.2
20.7
3.5
3.0
3.1
3.0
2.4
2.8
3.7
3.2
3.3
3.2
2.7
3.0
318.2
93.7
324.9
97.1
321.2
95.3
328.0
98.9
17.2
3.4
15.1
2.9
16.4
3.3
13.9
2.7
5.4
3.6
4.6
3.0
5.1
3.5
4.3
2.8
Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
3,305.4
68.7
55.7
98.0
698.6
480.9
122.8
3,498.4
71.7
58.1
101.9
735.4
515.1
129.5
3,310.8
70.3
54.7
99.4
698.7
482.4
122.8
3,512.2
74.6
57.7
103.1
735.8
519.8
130.1
155.6
1.9
4.1
4.3
36.5
18.9
4.3
128.6
1.2
3.3
3.4
31.0
15.5
3.6
147.5
1.9
3.1
4.6
34.6
17.9
4.1
121.1
1.2
3.2
3.2
28.7
15.3
4.0
4.7
2.7
7.3
4.4
5.2
3.9
3.5
3.7
1.7
5.7
3.3
4.2
3.0
2.8
4.5
2.7
5.6
4.6
5.0
3.7
3.4
3.4
1.6
5.5
3.1
3.9
2.9
3.1
Washington
Bellingham
Bremerton
Olympia
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima
2,929.1
77.2
93.3
98.5
90.9
1,321.3
204.5
327.0
107.3
3,012.6
80.3
92.9
99.5
89.2
1,379.8
210.6
332.7
107.8
2,932.0
77.0
93.2
98.3
90.8
1,321.3
205.4
326.5
109.0
2,996.8
79.4
91.4
98.7
88.9
1,375.5
210.1
329.8
107.3
179.4
5.9
5.9
6.1
9.6
53.2
12.5
16.8
16.9
159.8
5.2
5.1
5.5
8.3
43.2
11.1
15.7
15.5
177.3
5.7
6.0
5.9
8.7
53.4
13.1
17.1
15.8
152.1
4.9
4.9
5.1
7.6
42.2
10.9
15.1
14.2
6.1
7.6
6.3
6.2
10.6
4.0
6.1
5.1
15.7
5.3
6.4
5.5
5.5
9.3
3.1
5.3
4.7
14.4
6.0
7.4
6.4
6.0
9.6
4.0
6.4
5.2
14.5
5.1
6.2
5.4
5.2
8.6
3.1
5.2
4.6
13.2
802.1
130.1
136.1
76.2
72.9
794.1
130.8
136.3
76.2
73.1
798.6
130.3
135.6
75.8
72.9
790.3
129.3
136.7
76.7
73.0
69.8
7.7
11.1
5.4
6.4
59.4
6.9
10.0
5.1
4.9
68.9
7.7
11.0
5.4
6.7
56.2
6.4
9.4
4.9
4.8
8.7
5.9
8.2
7.1
8.8
7.5
5.2
7.4
6.7
6.7
8.6
5.9
8.1
7.1
9.2
7.1
4.9
6.8
6.4
6.6
2,874.2
217.9
79.4
129.9
79.0
77.2
69.1
253.2
796.9
92.2
59.3
71.3
2,915.6
222.7
81.5
131.4
79.7
78.1
70.0
258.9
808.8
94.7
60.5
73.9
2,879.8
217.6
81.2
130.6
78.7
77.2
70.2
255.1
795.6
92.4
59.0
71.5
2,928.5
222.9
83.5
131.0
79.9
78.0
70.8
260.5
811.2
95.0
60.0
73.5
129.0
7.5
4.1
4.7
4.3
3.1
2.8
5.3
30.2
4.6
1.8
3.9
112.0
7.0
3.6
4.2
2.9
2.6
2.5
4.8
25.0
4.0
1.5
3.6
132.8
8.2
4.1
4.9
3.8
3.0
2.7
5.5
30.7
4.8
1.9
3.9
117.8
7.6
3.8
4.4
3.0
2.5
2.4
5.1
25.7
4.0
1.7
3.8
4.5
3.4
5.2
3.6
5.4
4.0
4.1
2.1
3.8
5.0
3.0
5.5
3.8
3.1
4.4
3.2
3.7
3.3
3.6
1.9
3.1
4.2
2.5
4.9
4.6
3.8
5.1
3.7
4.8
3.9
3.8
2.2
3.9
5.2
3.2
5.5
4.0
3.4
4.5
3.3
3.8
3.2
3.4
2.0
3.2
4.2
2.8
5.1
247.0
32.5
38.8
249.2
33.3
39.3
246.9
32.5
38.6
251.3
33.5
39.3
17.5
2.4
2.1
13.7
1.9
1.7
17.2
2.5
2.0
14.0
1.9
1.6
7.1
7.4
5.4
5.5
5.8
4.4
7.0
7.6
5.2
5.6
5.8
4.1
1,301.8
51.9
52.3
114.8
92.7
111.0
705.9
1,301.2
51.6
54.1
114.7
93.0
111.1
701.9
1,296.3
51.4
52.4
113.6
92.1
110.2
703.9
1,310.5
51.9
54.1
115.3
92.9
110.8
713.9
164.3
10.4
7.9
12.6
14.9
19.5
69.2
188.5
10.3
8.8
15.6
17.0
21.0
81.0
164.3
9.6
8.2
12.5
14.8
19.2
69.6
182.1
10.1
8.8
14.3
15.8
19.9
79.5
12.6
20.0
15.0
11.0
16.1
17.5
9.8
14.5
20.0
16.2
13.6
18.2
18.9
11.5
12.7
18.7
15.6
11.0
16.1
17.4
9.9
13.9
19.4
16.3
12.4
17.0
18.0
11.1
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen
Vermont
Burlington
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Cheyenne
Puerto Rico
Aguadilla
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be revised
when new benchmark and population information becomes available.
135
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1995
Employment status,
sex, and age
1996
III
IV
1997
IV
1998
IV
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
197,882 198,296 198,807 199,352 199,776 200,280 200,850 201,457 202,396 202,835 203,367 203,936 204,395
132,146 132,141 132,360 132,598 133,063 133,590 134,155 134,944 135,844 136,103 136,379 136,813 137,524
67.1
67.0
66.5
67.1
66.8
66.7
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1
67.1
66.6
67.3
124,897 124,666 124,843 125,207 125,656 126,323 127,067 127,787 128,697 129,387 129,723 130,421 131,080
63.4
62.8
63.3
63.1
62.8
63.1
64.0
63.8
64.1
63.6
62.9
63.8
62.9
7,157
7,391
7,089
7,267
7,518
7,249
6,392
6,716
6,444
7,147
7,407
6,656
7,475
5.3
5.6
5.3
5.4
5.7
5.5
4.7
4.9
4.7
5.6
4.9
5.3
5.7
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
94,815
71,497
75.4
67,605
71.3
2,675
64,930
3,892
5.4
23,318
95,029
71,327
75.1
67,314
70.8
2,546
64,768
4,013
5.6
23,702
95,292
71,313
74.8
67,268
70.6
2,525
64,743
4,045
5.7
23,978
95,578
71,345
74.6
67,346
70.5
2,499
64,847
3,999
5.6
24,233
95,787
71,717
74.9
67,707
70.7
2,603
65,103
4,010
5.6
24,071
96,048
72,013
75.0
68,078
70.9
2,531
65,546
3,935
5.5
24,035
96,337
72,169
74.9
68,370
71.0
2,572
65,797
3,800
5.3
24,168
96,651
72,429
74.9
68,683
71.1
2,593
66,090
3,746
5.2
24,221
97,324
73,072
75.1
69,291
71.2
2,570
66,721
3,782
5.2
24,251
97,560
73,166
75.0
69,639
71.4
2,611
67,027
3,527
4.8
24,395
97,839
73,225
74.8
69,705
71.2
2,543
67,162
3,520
4.8
24,614
98,139
73,552
74.9
70,111
71.4
2,489
67,621
3,441
4.7
24,587
98,326
73,776
75.0
70,425
71.6
2,426
67,999
3,351
4.5
24,550
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
87,574
67,505
77.1
64,325
73.5
2,440
61,885
3,180
4.7
20,069
87,702
67,304
76.7
64,027
73.0
2,318
61,709
3,278
4.9
20,398
87,888
67,212
76.5
63,932
72.7
2,302
61,629
3,281
4.9
20,675
88,082
67,315
76.4
64,080
72.8
2,294
61,786
3,235
4.8
20,766
88,295
67,688
76.7
64,424
73.0
2,387
62,037
3,264
4.8
20,607
88,513
67,949
76.8
64,730
73.1
2,310
62,420
3,219
4.7
20,564
88,666
68,114
76.8
65,050
73.4
2,351
62,699
3,064
4.5
20,552
88,950
68,402
76.9
65,391
73.5
2,385
63,006
3,011
4.4
20,549
89,536
68,954
77.0
65,916
73.6
2,346
63,569
3,038
4.4
20,582
89,758
69,085
77.0
66,255
73.8
2,404
63,851
2,830
4.1
20,673
89,979
69,168
76.9
66,348
73.7
2,361
63,987
2,820
4.1
20,811
90,244
69,418
76.9
66,612
73.8
2,312
64,301
2,806
4.0
20,826
90,456
69,568
76.9
66,917
74.0
2,238
64,679
2,651
3.8
20,888
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
103,067 103,267 103,515 103,774 103,988 104,232 104,512 104,807 105,072 105,275 105,528 105,797 106,069
60,649 60,814 61,047 61,253 61,347 61,578 61,986 62,514 62,772 62,937 63,154 63,261 63,748
59.7
59.6
59.1
59.0
59.8
59.8
59.3
59.0
59.0
58.9
58.8
60.1
59.8
57,292 57,352 57,575 57,862 57,949 58,245 58,697 59,104 59,406 59,748 60,018 60,310 60,655
56.4
56.9
56.2
55.8
55.6
56.5
55.9
55.7
55.6
55.5
57.0
56.8
57.2
828
880
875
873
832
904
913
812
823
889
898
836
876
56,379 56,448 56,743 56,981 57,051 57,357 57,824 58,276 58,583 58,937 59,143 59,434 59,819
3,189
3,411
3,136
3,366
3,289
3,332
3,397
3,391
3,462
3,357
3,093
2,951
3,472
5.1
5.5
5.0
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.7
5.5
4.9
5.7
4.7
42,418 42,453 42,468 42,521 42,642 42,654 42,526 42,292 42,300 42,338 42,374 42,535 42,321
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
96,006
56,944
59.3
54,162
56.4
874
53,288
2,783
4.9
39,062
96,148
57,072
59.4
54,216
56.4
852
53,364
2,856
5.0
39,076
96,334
57,317
59.5
54,459
56.5
781
53,678
2,858
5.0
39,017
96,558
57,515
59.6
54,740
56.7
822
53,918
2,775
4.8
39,043
96,757
57,644
59.6
54,836
56.7
847
53,989
2,808
4.9
39,114
96,927
57,862
59.7
55,096
56.8
843
54,253
2,766
4.8
39,065
97,145
58,229
59.9
55,484
57.1
831
54,652
2,745
4.7
38,916
97,371
58,633
60.2
55,817
57.3
784
55,032
2,816
4.8
38,738
97,577
58,898
60.4
56,140
57.5
771
55,369
2,757
4.7
38,679
97,762
59,100
60.5
56,473
57.8
763
55,710
2,626
4.4
38,663
98,000
59,342
60.6
56,788
57.9
827
55,961
2,554
4.3
38,658
98,219
59,437
60.5
57,042
58.1
831
56,212
2,394
4.0
38,782
98,475
59,715
60.6
57,124
58.0
776
56,348
2,590
4.3
38,760
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
14,302
7,697
53.8
6,411
44.8
274
6,137
1,286
16.7
6,605
14,446
7,764
53.7
6,423
44.5
280
6,143
1,341
17.3
6,682
14,585
7,831
53.7
6,452
44.2
274
6,178
1,379
17.6
6,754
14,712
7,767
52.8
6,387
43.4
264
6,123
1,380
17.8
6,944
14,723
7,732
52.5
6,396
43.4
267
6,128
1,336
17.3
6,992
14,839
7,779
52.4
6,497
43.8
267
6,230
1,282
16.5
7,060
15,038
7,812
51.9
6,533
43.4
262
6,270
1,279
16.4
7,226
15,136
7,909
52.3
6,579
43.5
252
6,327
1,330
16.8
7,227
15,283
7,993
52.3
6,641
43.5
276
6,365
1,352
16.9
7,290
15,315
7,919
51.7
6,659
43.5
256
6,403
1,260
15.9
7,397
15,387
7,869
51.1
6,586
42.8
229
6,357
1,282
16.3
7,518
15,473
7,958
51.4
6,766
43.7
223
6,543
1,192
15.0
7,515
15,464
8,241
53.3
7,039
45.5
248
6,791
1,202
14.6
7,222
1
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
N O T E : Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables D-1 through
D-11 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal
adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 1998, data reflect n e w
composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the
household survey.
136
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1996
1995
III
IV
1997
III
IV
1998
III
IV
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
166,442 166,715 167,063 167,438 167,760 168,098 168,491 168,918 169,499 169,785 170,149 170,540 170,915
111,792 111,802 112,102 112,137 112,502 112,864 113,185 113,869 114,411 114,596 114,683 115,040 115,314
67.4
67.5
67.4
67.1
67.2
67.5
67.5
67.5
67.1
67.1
67.1
67.0
67.2
106,472 106,242 106,648 106,612 107,048 107,478 108,058 108,648 109,298 109,802 109,862 110,465 110,715
64.6
63.7
64.8
64.3
63.8
64.1
64.8
64.5
64.7
63.9
63.8
63.7
64.0
5,559
4,821
4,575
5,222
5,454
5,127
4,599
5,114
4,794
5,386
5,454
5,525
5,320
5.0
4.2
4.0
4.6
4.8
4.5
4.0
4.5
4.2
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.8
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
59,014
77.6
56,754
74.6
2,261
3.8
59,070
77.5
56,992
74.8
59,108
77.4
57,004
2,078
3.5
2,104
3.6
48,566
59.8
46,551
57.3
48,681
48,803
48,885
59.9
46,786
57.5
59.9
46,998
57.7
59.9
47,120
57.8
1,926
4.0
2,015
4.1
1,895
1,804
3.7
6,588
56.0
5,650
48.0
937
14.2
15.3
13.1
6,585
55.4
5,679
47.8
906
13.8
15.3
12.1
6,701
55.9
6,716
55.4
5,758
47.5
958
14.3
15.0
13.5
6,723
55.3
23,549
15,063
23,650
15,204
64.3
13,581
58,071
77.2
55,633
58,257
77.3
55,824
73.9
2,438
4.2
74.1
2,433
4.2
47,832
59.2
45,778
56.7
2,054
4.3
47,873
48,019
48,188
59.2
59.3
46,003
59.4
46,262
57.0
6,554
57.0
5,607
48.8
947
14.4
15.3
13.5
6,518
56.3
5,515
47.6
6,558
56.3
5,584
47.9
974
14.8
16.0
13.6
23,285
14,725
63.2
13,094
56.2
1,631
11.1
23,388
14,948
23,454
14,956
63.8
13,397
57.5
1,491
10.0
57.1
1,559
64.0
13,511
57.4
1,552
10.4
6,676
71.8
6,046
65.0
630
9.4
6,676
71.7
6,767
72.3
6,091
65.4
585
8.8
6,114
7,101
60.7
6,464
55.2
7,320
62.3
6,728
57.3
637
9.0
592
7,293
61.9
6,681
56.7
612
8.4
57,795
77.4
55,378
74.2
2,417
4.2
57,640
77.1
55,109
73.7
2,531
4.4
57,687
77.0
55,227
73.7
2,461
4.3
47,458
47,582
47,861
59.0
45,473
56.6
59.1
45,497
56.5
59.4
1,985
4.2
2,084
4.4
45,814
56.8
2,047
4.3
6,539
57.5
5,621
49.5
918
14.0
15.3
12.7
6,580
57.5
5,636
49.3
944
14.4
15.4
13.3
23,116
14,774
63.9
13,286
23,194
14,823
63.9
13,278
57.5
1,488
10.1
57.2
1,545
6,800
73.5
6,237
67.5
563
6,773
73.1
6,176
8.3
8.8
7,129
61.3
7,150
61.3
6,532
56.0
618
8.6
57,787
76.9
55,319
73.7
2,468
4.3
58,411
77.4
56,116
74.3
2,295
3.9
58,602
77.4
56,337
74.4
2,265
3.9
59,281
77.4
57,200
74.7
2,080
3.5
59,278
77.3
57,334
74.7
1,945
3.3
49,070
1,765
3.6
49,005
60.0
47,341
57.9
1,664
3.4
59.9
47,268
57.7
1,802
3.7
5,812
47.8
912
13.6
14.5
12.6
6,690
54.8
5,739
47.0
951
14.2
14.9
13.5
6,754
55.2
5,924
48.4
830
12.3
12.8
11.7
6,966
56.6
6,113
49.7
852
12.2
14.6
9.7
23,871
15,413
64.6
13,758
23,950
15,413
24,043
15,648
24,227
15,881
65.6
14,388
57.6
1,655
10.7
57.8
1,567
10.2
24,149
15,634
64.7
14,115
58.4
1,519
9.7
1,493
9.4
6,819
71.7
6,211
65.3
608
8.9
6,869
71.9
6,278
6,956
72.2
6,381
66.2
575
8.3
7,010
72.5
6,465
66.9
545
7.8
7,617
63.7
6,895
57.7
722
9.5
7,643
63.8
7,751
64.4
6,961
58.1
7,099
59.0
7,734
64.0
7,096
58.7
682
8.9
651
8.4
638
8.3
7,895
65.0
7,242
59.7
653
8.3
74.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
45,831
56.7
2,042
4.3
56.8
2,016
4.2
3.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
1,003
15.4
16.4
14.3
5,760
48.1
942
14.1
15.3
12.7
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
10.4
63.9
13,457
23,761
15,309
57.4
1,622
64.4
13,675
57.6
1,634
10.3
10.7
10.7
6,771
72.0
6,133
65.2
638
9.4
6,829
72.5
65.8
634
6,853
72.3
6,224
65.7
630
9.3
9.2
7,352
62.2
6,735
57.0
7,445
62.8
6,784
57.3
661
8.9
7,529
63.3
64.4
13,846
65.1
14,152
58.9
1,495
9.6
59.4
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
66.7
597
65.3
653
9.6
6,195
65.8
591
8.6
6,986
72.8
6,425
66.9
561
8.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,497
55.9
632
8.9
8.1
See footnotes at end of table.
137
617
8.4
6,845
57.5
684
9.1
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVCERAGES
D-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1995
1996
IV
1997
III
IV
1998
IV
BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
845
37.7
552
24.6
293
34.6
34.9
34.4
900
39.6
570
25.1
330
36.7
38.7
34.7
948
41.5
584
25.5
364
38.4
39.7
37.2
952
40.9
638
27.4
315
33.0
35.5
30.6
895
38.7
602
26.0
294
32.8
34.6
31.0
940
40.2
643
27.5
297
31.6
33.8
29.4
929
39.0
602
25.3
327
35.2
39.8
30.4
927
38.8
606
25.4
320
34.6
39.2
30.1
977
40.6
652
27.1
325
33.3
39.4
27.5
901
37.3
606
25.1
294
32.7
37.1
28.4
911
37.8
628
26.0
283
31.0
35.4
27.3
944
39.1
638
26.4
306
32.4
33.7
31.3
976
40.3
681
28.1
295
30.2
31.5
29.1
18,413
12,050
65.4
10,930
59.4
1,121
9.3
18,555
12,248
66.0
11,116
59.9
1,132
9.2
18,702
12,377
66.2
11,233
60.1
1,144
9.2
18,845
12,390
65.7
11,219
59.5
1,171
9.4
18,977
12,532
66.0
11,345
59.8
1,186
9.5
19,132
12,603
65.9
11,436
59.8
1,166
9.3
19,292
12,825
66.5
11,705
60.7
1,120
8.7
19,452
13,118
67.4
12,065
62.0
1,053
8.0
20,067
13,656
68.1
12,539
62.5
1,118
8.2
20,236
13,725
67.8
12,659
62.6
1,066
7.8
20,408
13,869
68.0
12,815
62.8
1,054
7.6
20,574
13,916
67.6
12,883
62.6
1,034
7.4
20,797
14,133
68.0
13,158
63.3
976
6.9
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutionai population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutionai population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
2
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population
controls used in the household survey.
138
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1996
1995
1997
1998
Educational attainment
IV
IV
IV
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30,188 30,533 29,696 29,952 30,482 30,538 29,787 29,859 30,269 30,069 29,318 29,372 29,487
12,078 12,011 11,854 12,157 12,334 12,402 12,386 12,460 12,608 12,580 12,548 12,511 12,543
41.7
39.3
41.7
40.0
39.9
40.6
40.6
41.6
42.8
42.6
40.5
41.8
42.5
11,024 10,969 10,761 11,032 11,230 11,276 11,333 11,434 11,513 11,548 11,567 11,561 11,649
36.5
35.9
36.2
36.8
38.3
38.0
36.8
36.9
39.5
38.4
38.0
39.5
39.4
1,054
1,043
1,093
1,104
1,096
1,125
1,026
1,032
1,126
894
981
950
1,053
8.7
8.7
9.2
8.7
9.3
8.2
7.1
8.9
8.2
9.1
7.8
7.6
8.5
High school graduates, no college2
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
56,284 56,284 56,045 55,973 56,167 56,344 56,322 56,834 57,247 57,424 57,557 57,467 57,636
36,818 36,826 36,647 36,701 36,811 36,876 37,027 37,394 37,795 37,727 37,805 37,742 37,842
65.4
65.4
65.4
65.7
65.4
65.7
65.6
65.7
65.7
65.8
66.0
65.7
65.5
35,078 35,016 34,933 34,983 35,067 35,149 35,334 35,660 36,116 36,123 36,203 36,220 36,312
62.3
62.3
62.5
62.7
62.7
62.2
62.4
63.1
62.4
63.0
62.9
63.0
62.9
1,715
1,734
1,740
1,718
1,744
1,680
1,726
1,693
1,530
1,811
1,601
1,523
1,604
4.7
4.7
4.4
4.7
4.6
4.7
4.7
4.2
4.6
4.0
4.9
4.0
4.3
Less than a bachelor's degree3
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
41,052 40,908 42,007 41,884 41,215 41,350 42,312 41,876 41,506 41,641 42,266 42,372 42,186
30,833 30,704 31,110 30,957 30,890 31,095 31,391 31,228 31,258 31,268 31,358 31,459 31,486
74.1
75.1
75.1
73.9
74.6
74.2
75.3
75.2
74.2
74.2
75.1
74.9
74.6
29,622 29,438 29,885 29,749 29,708 29,922 30,231 30,087 30,152 30,270 30,353 30,489 30,479
71.1
72.2
72.0
71.0
71.8
71.4
72.6
72.4
72.7
72.1
72.2
72.0
71.8
1,210
1,266
1,225
1,209
1,142
1,106
1,182
1,160
1,173
1,005
998
970 1,007
3.9
4.1
3.9
3.9
3.7
3.5
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.1
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
2
3
38,004 38,195 38,635 39,195 39,644 39,778 40,074 40,408 40,667 40,987 41,391 41,752 42,099
30,771 31,042 31,285 31,598 31,838 32,020 32,294 32,575 32,660 33,047 33,342 33,564 33,711
81.0
81.3
81.0
80.6
80.6
80.6
80.3
80.3
80.4
80.5
80.6
80.6
80.1
30,026 30,238 30,523 30,855 31,096 31,294 31,602 31,841 31,975 32,366 32,652 32,956 33,071
79.2
79.0
79.0
78.7
78.4
78.8
78.6
78.7
78.9
79.0
78.6
78.9
78.9
804
762
745
743
734
742
693
685
726
681
690
640
609
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.4
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.8
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
139
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-4. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1995
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age
1997
1996
IV
1998
IV
IV
EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
101,388 101,457 101,624 102,227 102,430 103,128 103,853 104,730 105,286 106,100 106,715 107,256 107,754
60,019 59,818 59,868 60,051 60,134 60,570 60,984 61,362 61,720 62,153 62,398 62,761 62,820
58,798 58,600 58,636 58,811 58,912 59,360 59,755 60,138 60,470 60,869 61,112 61,440 61,540
41,375 41,644 41,769 42,161 42,303 42,562 42,862 43,359 43,510 43,945 44,372 44,470 44,822
40,613 40,811 40,970 41,356 41,504 41,724 42,063 42,503 42,635 43,103 43,450 43,572 43,855
2,045
2,018
2,060
2,035
2,088
1,976
2,014
2,044
2,181
2,128
2,359
2,153
2,244
23,417
7,518
5,449
5,317
15,755
13,323
4,494
23,383
7,482
5,358
15,897
13,521
4,504
23,212
7,416
5,321
15,801
5,643
3,204
2,813
2,448
2,195
635
5,782
3,213
2,795
2,569
2,291
696
1,434
627
262
813
498
674
1,435
599
246
830
544
645
5.5
5.3
4.8
5.7
5.2
24.2
5.4
5.2
4.7
5.6
5.2
23.0
6.0
7.7
4.5
5.0
3.8
13.5
5.8
7.8
4.7
4.9
3.6
13.2
23,284
7,473
5,374
15,801
13,487
4,422
23,056
7,361
5,331
15,698
13,393
4,332
23,137
7,504
5,422
15,637
13,328
4,387
23,127
7,438
5,306
15,691
13,370
4,452
23,305
7,466
5,387
15,826
13,413
4,506
23,133
7,387
13,531
4,437
23,143
7,427
5,355
15,726
13,406
4,382
Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5,762
3,229
2,930
2,460
2,223
609
5,957
3,424
3,014
2,559
2,297
646
5,996
3,446
3,026
2,560
2,270
700
5,941
3,382
2,997
2,561
2,271
674
5,927
3,336
3,003
2,564
2,280
644
5,835
3,342
2,956
2,527
2,270
609
Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
1,474
578
244
889
555
676
1,523
621
264
907
563
697
1,512
600
243
910
589
680
1,474
643
256
838
508
709
1,468
629
256
830
525
687
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.4
5.1
4.7
5.6
5.2
23.5
5.5
5.4
4.9
5.8
5.3
24.0
5.6
5.4
4.9
5.8
5.2
25.7
5.5
5.3
4.8
5.7
5.2
24.6
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.9
7.1
4.3
5.3
3.9
13.2
6.2
7.7
4.7
5.5
4.0
13.7
6.1
7.4
4.3
5.4
4.2
13.3
6.0
8.0
4.6
5.1
3.7
14.1
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
15,906
23,276
7,431
4,529
23,027
7,386
5,319
15,634
13,316
4,393
5,246
15,861
13,479
4,551
23,350
7,522
5,299
15,813
13,272
4,780
5,702
3,135
2,778
2,521
2,239
685
5,385
3,002
2,602
2,426
2,142
640
5,314
2,968
2,575
2,358
2,096
644
5,135
2,940
2,585
2,226
1,933
617
5,090
2,660
2,429
2,329
2,096
565
1,406
564
234
844
532
640
1,430
586
256
839
515
659
1,331
567
225
776
485
620
1,326
565
232
756
454
640
1,285
541
236
746
467
582
1,342
572
220
758
495
627
5.2
5.0
4.5
5.4
5.0
23.8
5.2
5.0
4.4
5.6
5.1
25.0
5.1
4.8
4.4
5.5
5.0
23.9
4.8
4.6
4.1
5.2
4.7
23.1
4.7
4.5
4.0
5.0
4.6
23.0
4.6
4.5
4.0
4.8
4.2
21.6
4.5
4.1
3.8
4.9
4.6
19.3
5.8
7.4
4.4
5.0
3.9
12.5
5.7
7.1
4.2
5.1
3.8
12.5
5.8
7.3
4.6
5.0
3.7
12.8
5.4
7.1
4.1
4.7
3.5
12.0
5.4
7.1
4.2
4.6
3.3
12.7
5.2
6.8
4.3
4.5
3.3
11.3
5.4
7.1
4.0
4.6
3.6
11.6
13,362
UNEMPLOYED
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1
1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
140
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-5. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1995
1997
1996
1998
Category
III
III
IV
IV
IV
MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
124,897 124,666 124,843 125,207 125,656 126,323 127,067 127,787 128,697 129,387 129,723 130,421 131,080
41,948 42,002 42,129 42,113 42,197 42,409 42,501 42,556 42,602 42,426 42,637 42,897 42,890
31,946 32,080 32,074 32,142 32,116 32,341 32,627 32,535 32,668 32,574 32,840 32,931 32,829
7,321
7,881
7,804
7,325
7,481
7,606
7,815
7,171
7,241
7,329
7,810
7,106
7,145
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty .. 34,739
Technical, sales, and administrative
37,422
support
17,048
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair... 13,675
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
18,192
Farming, forestry, and fishing
3,781
36,369
36,657
37,126
37,499
37,492
37,741
38,012
38,239
37,387
16,870
13,624
18,189
3,709
37,615
17,215
13,462
18,189
3,519
37,803
17,315
13,629
18,135
3,545
37,915
17,288
13,660
18,276
3,519
38,103
17,255
14,028
18,264
3,490
38,212
17,398
14,259
18,505
3,562
38,370
17,670
14,044
18,410
3,485
38,546
17,813
14,180
18,415
3,474
38,522
17,954
14,465
18,478
3,353
1,899
1,554
43
1,877
1,498
45
1,843
1,526
71
1,871
1,495
63
1,923
1,417
46
1,927
1,436
54
1,880
1,483
49
1,838
1,488
53
1,914
1,305
39
35,662
35,710
35,833
37,400
16,981
13,499
18,064
3,615
37,531
16,793
13,445
17,877
3,571
37,294
16,886
13,515
18,150
3,641
1,780
1,625
55
1,796
1,519
44
1,824
1,522
39
35,155
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1,880
1,661
41
112,282 112,290 112,420 112,804 113,093 113,790 114,609 115,177 115,931 116,677 117,274 118,040 118,873
93,795 93,832 94,137 94,574 94,953 95,494 96,386 96,962 97,778 98,669 99,069 99,876 100,583
1,027
922
956
916
875
958
920
1,014
920
951
960
908
911
92,768 92,881 93,216 93,619 94,037 94,619 95,428 96,002 96,858 97,749 98,161 98,965 99,569
18,487 18,458
18,283 18,229 18,139 18,296 18,223 18,215
18,153 18,008
18,205 18,164 18,290
8,965
8,925
8,892
8,999
8,925
8,940
9,063
9,243
9,104
8,806
8,944
8,940
8,836
117
126
118
108
103
104
142
138
134
113
113
96
117
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
4,497
2,399
1,792
17,879
4,478
2,432
1,734
17,777
4,492
2,529
1,668
17,934
4,429
2,543
1,606
17,501
4,333
2,423
1,590
17,573
4,377
2,372
1,645
17,682
4,345
2,502
1,562
18,029
4,211
2,256
1,631
17,875
4,244
2,365
1,544
18,138
4,156
2,348
1,479
18,193
3,978
2,196
1,477
18,017
3,886
2,221
1,372
18,194
3,956
2,198
1,433
18,457
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
4,276
2,266
1,743
17,219
4,273
2,296
1,696
17,075
4,303
2,400
1,634
17,338
4,265
2,438
1,574
16,897
4,108
2,280
1,562
16,929
4,192
2,261
1,610
17,062
4,156
2,373
1,532
17,411
4,035
2,139
1,605
17,264
4,044
2,247
1,511
17,532
3,959
2,216
1,440
17,606
3,810
2,085
1,445
17,451
3,692
2,105
1,338
17,605
3,778
2,081
1,407
17,871
1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work
full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such
as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
141
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-6. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1995
1996
1997
1998
Age and sex
IV
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
IV
124,897 124,666 124,843 125,207 125,656 126,323 127,067 127,787 128,697 129,387 129,723 130,421 131,080
19,141
6,411
2,573
3,824
12,730
105,763
90,725
15,037
18,980 18,764 18,572 18,547 18,668 18,590 18,756 18,969 19,060 18,962 19,188 19,575
6,452
6,396
6,423
6,387
6,497
6,579
6,533
6,586
6,641
6,659
6,766
7,039
2,574
2,590
2,599
2,543
2,651
2,687
2,654
2,610
2,655
2,648
2,679
2,829
3,883
3,796
3,848
3,836
3,863
3,887
3,874
3,965
3,978
4,019
4,090
4,211
12,557 12,313 12,185 12,152 12,171 12,058 12,177 12,328 12,401 12,375 12,422 12,536
105,694 106,079 106,623 107,090 107,678 108,487 109,018 109,714 110,355 110,766 111,220 111,455
90,702 90,942 91,373 91,833 92,316 92,989 93,420 93,881 94,330 94,800 94,836 95,093
14,943 15,172 15,252 15,258 15,300 15,557 15,600 15,850 15,951 16,034 16,387 16,385
67,605
67,314
67,268
67,346
67,707
10,108
3,280
1,310
1,959
6,828
10,026
3,287
9,942
3,336
1,329
2,002
6,606
57,345
9,760
3,265
9,753
3,282
1,303
1,973
6,471
57,585
57,934
49,398
8,522
58,308
49,090
8,510
57,496
1,334
1,971
6,739
57,272
1,288
1,981
6,495
9,927
3,375
1,344
2,024
6,552
59,347
50,502
1,331
2,032
6,414
8,879
3,213
1,352
1,867
5,666
9,033
8,954
8,822
8,812
3,130
3,135
3,115
1,245
3,122
1,255
1,881
5,707
48,734
1,855
5,691
49,037
41,953
6,809
42,283
6,742
49,677
8,612
6,688
58,690
50,007
1,961
6,446
3,149
1,321
1,831
5,757
49,370
42,640
57,949
6,682
9,738
3,292
1,336
8,906
57,862
41,706
9,711
3,319
1,302
2,007
6,392
3,113
1,286
1,823
5,681
49,156
42,435
6,737
57,575
5,819
9,762
3,348
8,794
57,352
48,422
69,291
58,697
57,292
1,265
68,683
58,245
8,261
48,989
8,363
1,876
68,370
8,705
48,996
1,263
1,866
5,902
48,267
41,621
6,655
68,078
58,944
50,230
8,725
49,105
8,382
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
IV
49,797
42,982
6,852
69,639
69,705
70,111
70,425
9,994
9,901
3,357
1,343
1,994
6,545
59,836
9,990
10,159
3,498
1,392
3,384
1,342
2,048
6,610
50,878
60,118
51,009
8,983
9,121
3,508
1,440
2,071
6,651
60,240
51,194
9,042
2,118
6,491
8,836
59,636
50,701
8,912
59,104
59,406
59,748
60,018
60,310
60,655
9,018
3,287
9,042
3,266
1,310
1,954
5,776
50,367
43,380
7,014
9,066
3,275
1,307
9,060
3,230
9,198
3,268
9,416
3,531
1,266
1,970
5,831
50,930
43,921
7,051
1,287
1,388
1,972
2,140
5,885
1,351
1,926
5,731
50,075
43,190
6,875
1,972
5,791
50,719
43,629
7,038
5,930
51,102
43,827
7,266
51,215
43,899
7,343
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
142
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-7. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1995
1996
1998
1997
Age and sex
IV
IV
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
7,249
7,475
7,518
7,391
7,407
7,267
7,089
7,157
7,147
6,716
6,656
6,392
6,444
2,502
1,286
632
645
1,216
4,731
4,178
568
2,555
1,341
649
698
1,214
4,919
4,328
583
2,705
1,379
675
708
1,326
4,813
4,218
583
2,607
1,380
655
727
1,227
4,803
4,226
575
2,633
1,336
634
691
1,297
4,759
4,198
577
2,524
1,282
625
661
1,242
4,739
4,182
545
2,487
1,279
616
672
1,208
4,605
4,053
543
2,531
1,330
596
734
1,201
4,647
4,131
518
2,564
1,352
614
727
1,212
4,568
4,066
513
2,407
1,260
582
680
1,147
4,302
3,807
489
2,384
1,282
587
707
1,101
4,282
3,773
501
2,345
1,192
573
618
1,153
4,065
3,585
475
2,361
1,202
604
586
1,159
4,074
3,624
465
3,892
4,013
4,045
3,999
4,010
3,935
3,800
3,746
3,782
3,527
3,520
3,441
3,351
1,360
712
338
364
648
2,519
2,213
323
1,393
735
352
393
658
2,628
2,281
340
1,484
765
365
396
719
2,565
2,224
332
1,439
764
357
411
675
2,563
2,249
309
1,453
746
354
383
707
2,545
2,253
307
1,425
716
348
375
710
2,516
2,216
291
1,374
736
359
375
638
2,429
2,110
313
1,371
736
327
412
636
2,377
2,087
286
1,394
744
342
393
650
2,378
2,090
301
1,293
698
324
379
596
2,240
1,960
270
1,325
700
306
394
625
2,201
1,917
278
1,308
635
311
326
673
2,131
1,837
293
1,302
699
343
348
603
2,042
1,777
281
3,357
3,462
3,472
3,391
3,397
3,332
3,289
3,411
3,366
3,189
3,136
2,951
3,093
1,142
574
294
280
568
2,212
1,965
245
1,162
606
297
305
556
2,292
2,047
243
1,221
615
309
313
606
2,248
1,994
252
1,168
616
298
316
552
2,240
1,978
267
1,180
590
280
308
590
2,214
1,944
270
1,099
566
277
286
533
2,223
1,966
254
1,113
544
256
297
569
2,175
1,943
230
1,160
595
269
323
565
2,270
2,044
232
1,170
608
271
334
562
2,190
1,976
212
1,114
562
258
301
551
2,062
1,847
219
1,059
582
281
312
477
2,081
1,856
223
1,037
557
262
293
480
1,933
1,749
181
1,059
502
261
237
556
2,031
1,846
184
N O T E : Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
IV
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
143
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-8. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1995
1996
1997
1998
Age and sex
IV
IV
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
5.5
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.3
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.7
11.6
16.7
19.7
14.4
8.7
4.3
4.4
3.6
11.9
17.3
20.0
15.4
8.8
4.4
4.6
3.8
12.6
17.6
20.8
15.4
9.7
4.3
4.4
3.7
12.3
17.8
20.5
15.9
9.1
4.3
4.4
3.6
12.4
17.3
19.7
15.4
9.6
4.3
4.4
3.6
11.9
16.5
19.1
14.6
9.3
4.2
4.3
3.4
11.8
16.4
18.8
14.8
9.1
4.1
4.2
3.4
11.9
16.8
18.1
15.9
9.0
4.1
4.2
3.2
11.9
16.9
18.8
15.4
8.9
4.0
4.2
3.1
11.2
15.9
18.0
14.5
8.5
3.8
3.9
3.0
11.2
16.3
18.4
15.1
8.2
3.7
3.8
3.0
10.9
15.0
17.6
13.1
8.5
3.5
3.6
2.8
10.8
14.6
17.6
12.2
8.5
3.5
3.7
2.8
5.4
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.2
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.5
11.9
17.8
20.5
15.7
8.7
4.2
4.3
3.7
12.2
18.3
20.9
16.6
8.9
4.4
4.4
3.9
13.0
18.6
21.6
16.5
9.8
4.3
4.3
3.8
12.8
19.0
21.7
17.2
9.4
4.3
4.4
3.5
13.0
18.5
21.3
16.3
9.8
4.2
4.4
3.5
12.7
17.6
20.7
15.6
10.0
4.1
4.3
3.3
12.4
18.1
21.6
15.7
9.1
4.0
4.0
3.5
12.3
18.3
19.7
17.4
9.0
3.9
4.0
3.2
12.3
18.1
20.3
16.3
9.0
3.9
4.0
3.3
11.5
17.1
19.5
15.6
8.3
3.6
3.7
2.9
11.8
17.3
18.6
16.5
8.7
3.5
3.6
3.0
11.6
15.4
18.3
13.3
9.4
3.4
3.5
3.1
11.4
16.6
19.3
14.4
8.3
3.3
3.4
3.0
5.5
5.7
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.4
5.1
5.0
4.7
4.9
11.2
15.5
18.9
13.1
8.8
4.4
4.5
3.5
11.5
16.2
19.0
14.0
8.7
4.5
4.7
3.5
12.2
16.5
19.9
14.3
9.6
4.4
4.5
3.6
11.7
16.5
19.2
14.6
8.8
4.4
4.5
3.8
11.8
15.9
17.9
14.4
9.4
4.3
4.4
3.9
11.0
15.2
17.3
13.5
8.5
4.3
4.4
3.7
11.1
14.5
15.9
13.7
9.1
4.2
4.3
3.2
11.4
15.3
16.6
14.3
9.0
4.3
4.5
3.3
11.5
15.7
17.2
14.6
8.9
4.2
4.4
2.9
10.9
14.7
16.5
13.2
8.7
3.9
4.1
3.0
10.5
15.3
18.2
13.7
7.6
3.9
4.1
3.1
10.1
14.6
16.9
12.9
7.5
3.6
3.8
2.4
10.1
12.5
15.8
10.0
8.6
3.8
4.0
2.4
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
IV
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
144
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-9. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
1995
1997
1996
1998
Category
I
I!
II!
IV
I
II
III
IV
I
II
III
IV
5.5
4.7
4.9
16.7
5.7
4.9
5.0
17.3
5.7
4.9
5.0
17.6
5.6
4.8
4.8
17.8
5.6
4.8
4.9
17.3
5.4
4.7
4.8
16.5
5.3
4.5
4.7
16.4
5.3
4.4
4.8
16.8
5.3
4.4
4.7
16.9
4.9
4.1
4.4
15.9
4.9
4.1
4.3
16.3
4.7
4.0
4.0
15.0
4.7
3.8
4.3
14.6
4.8
9.4
10.1
9.3
5.0
9.5
10.4
9.2
4.9
10.1
11.1
9.2
4.9
9.3
10.0
9.4
4.8
9.4
10.4
9.5
4.8
9.2
10.3
9.3
4.5
9.3
10.7
8.7
4.6
9.3
10.7
8.0
4.5
9.4
10.7
8.2
4.2
9.0
10.2
7.8
4.2
8.4
9.6
7.6
4.0
8.4
9.7
7.4
4.0
8.2
9.4
6.9
3.2
3.8
8.2
3.4
3.9
8.7
3.4
4.0
7.7
3.2
3.8
7.5
3.1
3.7
7.6
3.0
3.7
8.0
3.0
3.4
8.6
3.0
3.6
8.6
2.8
3.3
8.8
2.7
3.2
7.9
2.6
3.1
7.8
2.5
2.8
7.8
2.5
3.1
7.6
,
2.4
4.4
5.6
7.8
7.6
2.4
4.6
6.1
8.3
8.3
2.5
4.4
6.3
8.4
7.7
2.5
4.3
6.0
8.3
7.9
2.4
4.5
5.7
8.2
7.8
2.4
4.4
5.5
8.1
8.2
2.3
4.5
5.4
7.7
6.9
2.3
4.5
5.5
7.8
7.3
2.1
4.3
4.9
8.0
7.3
2.0
4.1
4.8
7.3
7.1
2.0
4.1
4.8
7.6
6.8
1.8
3.9
4.8
7.1
7.0
1.9
4.1
4.4
6.4
6.7
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
,
Construction
,
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
5.6
6.1
4.8
10.9
4.6
4.1
5.3
5.4
4.6
6.4
3.3
5.3
3.0
10.3
5.8
6.6
4.8
11.8
5.0
4.5
5.8
5.5
4.4
6.5
3.5
5.5
3.0
11.7
5.9
6.6
4.2
12.0
5.0
4.5
5.8
5.6
4.4
6.8
3.2
5.5
2.8
10.5
5.8
6.5
6.9
11.5
5.0
4.4
5.8
5.5
4.4
6.4
3.1
5.5
2.9
11.6
5.7
6.3
5.6
10.5
5.0
4.8
5.3
5.5
3.9
6.5
2.6
5.6
2.8
10.7
5.6
6.2
4.3
10.2
4.9
4.7
5.3
5.4
4.3
6.5
2.5
5.5
3.0
10.4
5.4
5.7
4.5
9.4
4.6
4.1
5.2
5.3
4.1
6.3
2.7
5.3
2.9
9.4
5.4
6.0
5.7
9.7
4.8
4.5
5.2
5.2
4.1
6.3
3.0
5.1
3.0
10.0
5.3
5.7
4.4
9.4
4.5
4.0
5.2
5.2
4.0
6.4
3.2
4.9
2.9
9.0
5.0
5.3
2.8
8.7
4.3
3.6
5.3
4.9
3.2
6.2
3.0
4.7
2.6
9.2
5.0
5.3
4.2
8.8
4.2
3.4
5.2
4.8
3.6
6.2
3.0
4.5
2.6
8.7
4.8
4.9
3.7
8.5
3.7
3.1
4.7
4.7
3.2
6.0
2.7
4.4
2.3
9.3
4.7
4.9
3.5
8.1
3.8
3.3
4.6
4.6
3.4
5.7
2.6
4.6
2.5
9.6
CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is smail relative to the trend-cycle and/or
irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
145
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-1CL Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1995
1998
1997
1996
Reason
IV
IV
IV
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
3,419
1,012
2,407
768
2,478
573
3,480
1,034
2,446
857
2,585
581
3,494
1,050
2,445
850
2,559
588
3,533
1,033
2,500
822
2,487
578
3,515
1,053
2,462
789
2,484
591
3,472
1,064
2,408
709
2,549
557
3,230
983
2,248
766
2,495
577
3,231
965
2,266
827
2,525
598
3,162
965
2,197
821
2,535
612
3,031
932
2,099
804
2,364
551
2,990
893
2,098
853
2,233
559
2,937
913
2,024
693
2,215
556
2,861
887
1,974
779
2,236
537
100.0
47.2
14.0
33.3
10.6
34.2
7.9
100.0
46.4
13.8
32.6
11.4
34.5
7.7
100.0
46.6
14.0
32.6
11.3
34.2
7.8
100.0
47.6
13.9
33.7
11.1
33.5
7.8
100.0
47.6
14.3
33.4
10.7
33.7
8.0
100.0
47.6
14.6
33.0
9.7
35.0
7.6
100.0
45.7
13.9
31.8
10.8
35.3
8.2
100.0
45.0
13.4
31.6
11.5
35.2
8.3
100.0
44.4
13.5
30.8
11.5
35.6
8.6
100.0
44.9
13.8
31.1
11.9
35.0
8.2
100.0
45.1
13.5
31.6
12.9
33.7
8.4
100.0
45.9
14.3
31.6
10.8
34.6
8.7
100.0
44.6
13.8
30.8
12.2
34.9
8.4
2.6
.6
1.9
.4
2.6
.6
2.0
.4
2.6
.6
1.9
.4
2.7
.6
1.9
.4
2.6
.6
1.9
.4
2.6
.5
1.9
.4
2.4
.6
1.9
.4
2.4
.6
1.9
.4
2.3
.6
1.9
.5
2.2
.6
1.7
.4
2.2
.6
1.6
.4
2.1
.5
1.6
.4
2.1
.6
1.6
.4
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Totai unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE:
Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
D-11. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
1995
1998
Duration
IV
IV
IV
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
2,632
2,213
2,338
1,030
1,308
2,695
2,352
2,423
1,123
1,300
2,751
2,439
2,346
1,098
1,249
2,722
2,372
2,337
1,089
1,249
2,670
2,307
2,369
1,114
1,254
2,619
2,293
2,368
1,044
1,324
2,587
2,253
2,281
1,011
1,270
2,658
2,299
2,225
1,033
1,192
2,625
2,306
2,129
999
1,130
2,518
2,144
2,078
1,039
1,038
2,498
2,111
2,088
1,014
1,074
2,504
1,961
1,940
918
1,022
2,656
1,953
1,791
823
968
17.1
8.1
16.8
8.4
16.3
8.2
16.3
8.2
16.6
8.2
17.3
8.4
16.9
8.4
16.1
8.0
15.7
8.0
15.3
7.9
16.1
8.1
16.1
7.7
15.2
7.1
100.0
36.6
30.8
32.5
14.3
18.2
100.0
36.1
31.5
32.4
15.0
17.4
100.0
36.5
32.4
31.1
14.6
16.6
100.0
36.6
31.9
31.5
14.7
16.8
100.0
36.3
31.4
32.2
15.2
17.1
100.0
36.0
31.5
32.5
14.3
18.2
100.0
36.3
31.6
32.0
14.2
17.8
100.0
37.0
32.0
31.0
14.4
16.6
100.0
37.2
32.7
30.2
14.2
16.0
100.0
37.4
31.8
30.8
15.4
15.4
100.0
37.3
31.5
31.2
15.1
16.0
100.0
39.1
30.6
30.3
14.3
16.0
100.0
41.5
30.5
28.0
12.9
15.1
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
NOTE:
Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
146
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-12. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Hispanic origin
Black
White
Total
Employment status, sex, and age
I
j
1
I
I
I
I
1997
1998
1997
1998
1997
1998
i
1997
1998
202,396
134,792
66.6
127,132
3,045
124,087
7,660
5.7
67,604
204,395
136,401
66.7
129,505
2,930
126,575
6,896
5.1
67,994
169,499
113,652
67.1
108,011
2,886
105,125
5,641
5.0
55,847
170,915
114,501
67.0
109,438
2,760
106,678
5,064
4.4
56,413
23,871
15,212
63.7
13,539
92
13,447
1,674
11.0
8,659
24,227
15,670
64.7
14,161
94
14,067
1,509
9.6
8,557
20,067
13,583
67.7
12,356
597
11,759
1,227
9.0
6,483
20,797
14,045
67.5
12,969
601
12,369
1,076
7.7
6,752
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutionai population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
97,324
72,354
74.3
68,065
2,305
65,760
4,289
5.9
24,970
98,326
73,010
74.3
69,212
2,180
67,032
3,798
5.2
25,316
82,298
62,002
75.3
58,735
2,166
56,569
3,267
5.3
20,296
83,042
62,325
75.1
59,435
2,047
57,389
2,890
4.6
20,716
10,699
7,167
67.0
6,333
83
6,249
835
11.6
3,532
10,857
7,345
67.7
6,616
77
6,539
730
9.9
3,512
10,234
8,153
79.7
7,478
542
6,936
675
8.3
2,081
10,595
8,428
79.5
7,820
519
7,301
607
7.2
2,167
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutionai population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
89,536
68,604
76.6
65,039
2,152
62,887
3,565
5.2
20,931
90,456
69,158
76.5
66,041
2,052
63,989
3,117
4.5
21,299
76,070
58,771
77.3
56,038
2,017
54,021
2,733
4.7
17,299
76,724
58,981
76.9
56,626
1,919
54,707
2,355
4.0
17,743
9,512
6,765
71.1
6,096
82
6,014
668
9.9
2,748
9,668
6,944
71.8
6,344
77
6,267
600
8.6
2,724
9,130
7,655
83.8
7,100
524
6,577
554
7.2
1,475
9,449
7,906
83.7
7,418
505
6,913
488
6.2
1,543
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutionai population
,
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
105,072
62,438
59.4
59,067
740
58,327
3,371
5.4
42,634
106,069
63,391
59.8
60,293
750
59,543
3,098
4.9
42,678
87,201
51,650
59.2
49,276
720
48,556
2,374
4.6
35,552
87,873
52,176
59.4
50,002
713
49,289
2,174
4.2
35,697
13,172
8,045
61.1
7,206
8
7,198
839
10.4
5,127
13,370
8,324
62.3
7,545
17
7,528
779
9.4
5,046
9,832
5,430
55.2
4,878
54
4,824
552
10.2
4,402
10,202
5,617
55.1
5,149
81
5,068
468
8.3
4,585
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutionai population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
97,577
58,839
60.3
56,037
703
55,334
2,801
4.8
38,738
98,475
59,633
60.6
57,000
81,302
48,643
59.8
46,695
11,954
7,584
63.4
6,861
12,138
7,861
64.8
7,206
708
684
7
17
56,292
2,633
4.4
38,842
46,011
1,948
4.0
32,660
81,885
49,027
59.9
47,174
672
46,502
1,853
3.8
32,858
6,854
723
9.5
4,370
7,189
655
8.3
4,277
8,842
5,058
57.2
4,600
48
4,552
457
9.0
3,784
9,174
5,217
56.9
4,824
80
4,744
393
7.5
3,956
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutionai population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
15,283
7,349
48.1
6,055
190
5,866
1,294
17.6
7,934
15,464
7,610
49.2
6,463
170
6,294
1,147
15.1
7,854
12,127
6,238
51.4
5,278
185
5,093
960
15.4
5,889
12,305
6,494
52.8
5,638
169
5,469
856
13.2
5,812
2,405
864
35.9
581
2
579
282
32.7
1,542
2,421
864
35.7
611
_
611
254
29.4
1,556
2,094
871
41.6
655
25
630
216
24.8
1,224
2,174
922
42.4
728
16
712
194
21.0
1,252
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutionai population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
147
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-13. Employment status of the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Hispanic origin1
Employment status, sex, and age
Mexican origin
Puerto Rican origin
Cuban origin
1
1997
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1998
1997
1998
1997
1998
1997
1998
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
20,067
13,583
67.7
12,356
597
11,759
1,227
9.0
6,483
20,797
14,045
67.5
12,969
601
12,369
1,076
7.7
6,752
12,285
8,421
68.5
7,639
539
7,100
783
9.3
3,864
12,948
8,885
68.6
8,205
545
7,660
680
7.7
4,064
2,087
1,261
60.4
1,121
7
1,114
140
11.1
826
2,055
1,214
59.1
1,096
2
1,093
119
9.8
840
1,017
633
62.2
595
1
594
38
6.0
385
1,062
630
59.3
588
6
582
42
6.7
432
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
10,234
8,153
79.7
7,478
542
6,936
675
8.3
2,081
10,595
8,428
79.5
7,820
519
7,301
607
7.2
2,167
6,452
5,251
81.4
4,783
489
4,294
468
8.9
1,201
6,830
5,572
81.6
5,163
470
4,692
410
7.4
1,258
981
701
71.4
628
3
625
72
10.3
281
957
644
67.3
580
2
577
64
10.0
313
526
370
70.2
350
1
349
20
5.3
157
530
375
70.9
356
5
351
19
5.1
154
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
9,130
7,655
83.8
7,100
524
6,577
554
7.2
1,475
9,449
7,906
83.7
7,418
505
6,913
488
6.2
1,543
5,734
4,913
85.7
4,531
471
4.060
382
7.8
821
6,024
5,181
86.0
4,855
456
4,399
326
6.3
843
869
652
74.9
597
3
594
55
8.4
218
877
613
69.9
560
2
558
53
8.7
263
509
362
71.1
343
1
342
19
5.2
147
500
360
71.9
346
5
341
14
3.8
141
9,832
5,430
55.2
4,878
5,833
3,170
54.3
2,856
50
2,806
315
9.9
2,663
6,118
3,312
54.1
3,042
75
2,968
270
8.2
2,806
1,105
560
50.7
492
4
489
68
12.1
545
1,098
570
52.0
516
516
54
9.5
527
491
263
53.6
245
_
245
18
6.9
228
533
255
47.8
232
1
231
23
9.0
278
TOTAL
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
4,824
552
10.2
4,402
10,202
5,617
55.1
5,149
81
5,068
468
8.3
4,585
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
8,842
5,058
57.2
4,600
48
4,552
457
9.0
3,784
9,174
5,217
56.9
4,824
80
4,744
393
7.5
3,956
5,204
2,932
56.3
2,677
43
2,634
254
8.7
2,272
5,432
3,043
56.0
2,820
74
2,746
224
7.4
2,389
980
520
53.0
467
4
463
53
10.2
460
1,001
528
52.7
481
_
481
47
8.9
473
468
253
53.9
236
_
236
17
6.6
216
507
243
48.0
223
1
222
20
8.3
264
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutionai population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
2,094
871
41.6
655
25
630
216
24.8
1,224
2,174
922
42.4
728
16
712
194
21.0
1.252
1,348
577
42.8
430
25
405
146
25.4
771
1,492
660
44.2
530
15
515
130
19.7
832
237
89
37.7
57
57
32
36.1
148
177
74
41.5
55
1
54
19
25.6
104
40
18
(2)
16
16
2
2
()
22
55
27
(2)
19
19
8
2
()
28
54
1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
148
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite
estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the
household survey.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-14. Employed white, black, and Hispanic-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
White
Total
Category
Hispanic origin
Black
I
1997
I
1998
I
1997
I
1998
109,438
59,435
50,002
13,539
6,333
7,206
14,161
6,616
7,545
12,356
7,478
4,878
12,969
7,820
5,149
33,179
16,281
16,898
33,585
16,466
17,119
2,642
1,143
1,499
2,871
1,239
1,633
1,797
974
823
1,926
980
945
38,291
4,266
15,422
18,602
32,192
3,490
13,426
15,277
32,302
3,609
13,378
15,315
4,046
394
1,229
2,422
4,222
413
1,340
2,470
3,028
263
1,178
1,587
3,040
283
1,138
1,619
17,045
788
2,160
14,098
17,719
865
2,399
14,456
13,260
618
1,703
10,940
13,776
698
1,865
11,214
2,960
139
390
2,431
3,006
140
463
2,404
2,422
224
193
2,005
2,649
276
230
2,143
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
13,733
4,518
5,266
3,949
14,181
4,715
5,466
4,000
12,150
3,972
4,792
3,386
12,569
4,183
4,949
3,436
1,122
376
358
388
1,119
365
384
370
1,670
454
745
471
1,764
510
764
489
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
17,846
7,911
5,176
4,759
695
4,063
18,054
7,983
5,241
4,830
729
4,101
14,388
6,305
4,279
3,804
578
3,226
14,476
6,296
4,254
3,926
630
3,296
2,654
1,158
761
735
90
645
2,826
1,273
823
729
82
647
2,774
1,405
577
792
142
650
2,953
1,384
651
918
157
761
3,045
2,928
2,843
2,729
116
116
666
637
1,692
1,313
40
1,690
1,208
32
1,594
1,252
40
1,580
1,148
31
60
31
64
30
511
86
544
56
1
114,791
18,294
96,497
893
95,604
9,165
131
117,695
18,436
99,259
984
98,276
8,768
111
96,771
14,688
82,083
690
81,393
8,251
103
98,673
14,762
83,911
780
83,131
7,918
87
12,972
2,833
10,139
169
9,970
475
13,623
2,831
10,792
172
10,620
443
11,131
1,354
9,777
244
9,533
617
11
11,804
1,433
10,371
299
10,072
557
8
103,243
23,889
105,644
23,861
87,105
20,906
88,752
20,686
11,465
2,074
12,021
2,139
10,322
2,033
10,938
2,031
I
1997
I
1998
1997
127,132
68,065
59,067
129,505
69,212
60,293
108,011
58,735
49,276
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
37,586
18,147
19,439
38,331
18,490
19,841
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
37,877
4,090
15,368
18,420
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
1998
SEX
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Farming, forestry, and fishing
:
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household data.
149
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-15. Employed Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and full- or part-time
status
(In thousands)
Total Hispanic
origin1
Mexican origin
Puerto Rican
origin
Cuban origin
Category
I
1997
I
1997
1998
I
1997
I
1998
12,969
7,820
5,149
7,639
4,783
2,856
8,205
5,163
3,042
1,121
628
492
1,096
580
516
595
350
245
588
356
232
1,797
974
823
1,926
980
945
882
468
415
1,011
519
492
197
106
91
200
90
110
165
100
65
164
90
74
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
3,028
263
1,178
1,587
3,040
283
1,138
1,619
1,749
144
667
938
1,755
156
638
961
359
41
102
217
363
36
112
215
188
16
88
83
188
25
83
80
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
2,422
224
193
2,005
2,649
276
230
2,143
1,424
107
86
1,231
1,575
139
122
1,313
217
8
48
162
231
2
48
182
98
12
14
72
90
5
14
70
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
1,670
454
745
471
1,764
510
764
489
1,135
270
547
318
1,199
308
564
327
122
42
49
30
76
32
29
14
53
31
17
5
76
34
25
16
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
2,774
1,405
577
792
142
650
2,953
1,384
651
918
157
761
1,862
917
383
562
113
449
2,087
1,015
428
644
121
523
217
109
58
49
3
46
221
90
63
68
9
59
88
23
36
29
3
25
70
13
37
19
666
637
586
578
9
511
86
544
56
1
473
66
495
50
I
1997
1998
12,356
7,478
4,878
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
1998
SEX
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Farming, forestry, and fishing
19
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid famiiy workers
4
1
1
11,131
1,354
9,777
244
9,533
617
11
11,804
1,433
10,371
299
10,072
557
8
6,732
832
5,900
112
5,788
363
5
7,334
896
6,437
143
6,294
319
8
1,080
183
897
11
886
34
1,067
174
893
4
890
26
553
67
486
12
474
42
542
55
488
5
483
40
10,322
2,033
10,938
2,031
6,394
1,245
6,914
1,290
921
200
912
183
503
92
497
91
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers
Part time workers
1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
150
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-16. Employed persons by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands)
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Hispanic origin
1997
1998
I
1997
1998
1997
1998
I
1997
I
1998
127,132
129,505
108,011
109,438
13,539
14,161
12,356
12,969
6,055
2,311
3,745
11,969
109,108
93,299
15,809
6,463
2,483
3,980
12,179
110,862
94,514
16,348
5,278
2,043
3,235
10,022
92,711
78,747
13,963
5,638
2,220
3,418
10,200
93,600
79,213
14,387
581
204
377
1,379
11,578
10,296
1,282
611
188
423
1,439
12,112
10,742
1,370
655
195
460
1,759
9,941
8,989
952
728
199
529
1,795
10,446
9,479
968
68,065
69,212
58,735
59,435
6,333
6,616
7,478
7,820
3,026
1,137
1,889
6,281
58,759
49,986
8,772
3,171
1,232
1,938
6,383
59,659
50,683
8,976
2,698
1,016
1,682
5,350
50,688
42,834
7,854
2,809
1,106
1,703
5,400
51,226
43,237
7,989
236
90
146
617
5,479
4,902
577
271
87
184
680
5,664
5,022
642
378
112
266
1,098
6,002
5,451
551
403
117
286
1,115
6,302
5,729
574
59,067
60,293
49,276
50,002
7,206
7,545
4,878
5,149
3,030
1,174
1,856
5,688
50,349
43,313
7,036
3,293
1,251
2,042
5,797
51,204
43,832
7,372
2,581
1,027
1,553
4,672
42,023
35,913
6,110
2,829
1,113
1,715
4,800
42,374
35,976
6,398
345
114
231
762
6,099
5,394
705
339
101
239
758
6,448
5,720
728
278
83
194
661
3,939
3,538
401
325
82
243
680
4,144
3,750
394
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite
estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the
Black
White
Total
Age and sex
household survey.
151
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-17. Unemployment rates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Total
Black
White
Hispanic origin
Age and sex
1997
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1998
1997
1998
1997
1998
5.7
5.1
5.0
4.4
11.0
9.6
9.0
7.7
17.6
19.9
16.1
9.8
4.4
4.6
3.4
15.1
18.5
12.8
9.2
3.9
4.1
3.0
15.4
17.7
13.8
8.0
3.9
4.1
3.3
13.2
16.3
11.0
7.6
3.5
3.6
2.8
32.7
34.9
31.5
20.9
8.1
8.7
3.8
29.4
38.2
24.6
18.7
7.1
7.5
3.4
24.8
34.4
19.8
12.0
7.2
7.2
7.4
21.0
29.3
17.4
11.2
5.9
5.9
5.4
5.9
5.2
5.3
4.6
11.6
9.9
8.3
7.2
19.3
22.5
17.3
10.7
4.6
4.7
3.7
17.7
21.2
15.3
9.9
3.9
4.0
3.4
16.5
19.6
14.5
9.2
4.1
4.2
3.6
16.0
19.4
13.6
8.3
3.5
3.6
3.3
41.4
44.1
39.5
22.5
8.2
8.6
4.6
32.4
39.4
28.5
20.1
7.0
7.4
3.8
24.2
34.3
19.0
12.0
6.3
6.2
7.7
22.8
31.8
18.4
10.8
5.3
5.4
4.4
5.4
4.9
4.6
4.2
10.4
9.4
10.2
8.3
15.8
17.1
15.0
8.7
4.3
4.5
3.0
12.4
15.7
10.2
8.5
3.9
4.2
2.4
14.2
15.8
13.1
6.7
3.7
3.8
2.9
10.2
12.9
8.3
6.8
3.4
3.6
2.3
25.1
25.1
25.1
19.5
8.1
8.7
3.1
26.8
37.1
21.3
17.5
7.1
7.6
3.1
25.5
34.4
20.9
12.0
8.5
8.7
7.0
18.7
25.3
16.2
11.9
6.8
6.8
6.8
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite
estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the
I
1997
!
1998
household survey.
152
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-18. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
White
Total
Black
Hispanic origin
Reasons
I
1997
1998
1997
1998
1997
I
1998
I
1997
1998
7,660
3,727
1,360
2,367
1,611
756
826
2,555
553
6,896
3,374
1,248
2,125
1,500
625
785
2,256
482
5,641
2,890
1,180
1,710
1,211
499
655
1,733
363
5,064
2,577
1,056
1,521
1,116
405
607
1,578
301
1,674
689
140
548
325
223
145
689
150
1,509
649
143
506
320
186
143
571
146
1,227
591
205
386
231
155
98
403
136
1,076
519
197
322
203
119
101
371
84
100.0
48.7
17.7
30.9
10.8
33.3
7.2
100.0
48.9
18.1
30.8
11.4
32.7
7.0
100.0
51.2
20.9
30.3
11.6
30.7
6.4
100.0
50.9
20.8
30.0
12.0
31.2
6.0
100.0
41.2
8.4
32.8
8.7
41.2
9.0
100.0
43.0
9.4
33.5
9.5
37.8
9.7
100.0
48.2
16.7
31.4
8.0
32.8
11.1
100.0
48.3
18.3
30.0
9.4
34.5
7.8
2.8
.6
1.9
.4
2.5
2.5
.6
1.5
.3
2.3
.5
1.4
.3
4.5
1.0
4.5
1.0
4.1
.9
3.6
.9
4.4
.7
3.0
1.0
3.7
.7
2.6
.6
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-orgin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
1.7
.4
Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures
and revised population controls used in the household survey.
153
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-19. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Duration
Black
White
Hispanic origin
1997
I
1998
1997
I
1998
1997
1998
I
1997
I
1998
7,660
2,702
2,631
2,327
1,147
1,180
6,896
2,715
2,226
1,956
945
1,010
5,641
2,119
1,962
1,560
815
745
5,064
2,100
1,672
1,291
666
626
1,674
468
551
654
282
372
1,509
497
455
557
223
334
1,227
436
403
389
194
195
1,076
436
340
300
137
163
15.8
8.5
15.2
7.5
14.3
7.8
13.7
6.8
20.3
10.9
19.6
9.8
15.8
8.6
14.8
7.0
100.0
35.3
34.4
30.4
15.0
15.4
100.0
39.4
32.3
28.4
13.7
14.7
100.0
37.6
34.8
27.6
14.4
13.2
100.0
41.5
33.0
25.5
13.1
12.4
100.0
28.0
32.9
39.1
16.9
22.2
100.0
33.0
30.1
36.9
14.8
22.1
100.0
35.5
32.8
31.7
15.8
15.9
100.0
40.5
31.6
27.9
12.7
15.2
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.
154
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-20. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Characteristic
I
1997
1998
90,734
93,183
$504
$521
51,604
5,409
46,195
52,791
5,560
47,230
582
319
615
596
337
629
39,129
4,084
35,045
40,392
4,110
36,283
427
289
456
455
304
480
White
Men
Women
75,743
44,009
31,734
77,526
44,840
32,686
519
599
440
543
611
467
Black
Men
Women
10,879
5,340
5,539
11,383
5,579
5,803
399
426
372
418
452
395
9,623
6,145
3,478
10,183
6,475
3,707
349
369
316
364
381
330
1997
I
1998
SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
,
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
Hispanic origin
Men
Women
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups. Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite
estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the
household survey.
155
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-21. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Age, race, and Hispanic origin
1997
1998
21,302
21,705
$143
$152
6,620
3,577
3,043
6,797
3,746
3,051
130
108
179
142
114
198
14,682
4,456
10,226
14,908
4,845
10,062
148
107
172
155
111
184
18,523
5,741
12,782
18,646
5,799
12,847
143
129
149
152
140
157
2,023
586
1,438
2,165
659
1,506
138
132
140
147
149
147
1,905
739
1,166
1,869
680
1,190
140
145
137
155
167
150
1997
1998
SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
White
Men
Women
Black
Men
Women
,
Hispanic origin
Men
Women
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups. Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite
estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the
household survey.
156
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-22. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Occupation and sex
I
I
I
1
1997
1998
28,164
13,625
14,539
25,841
3,445
8,783
13,614
9,587
351
1,870
7,365
11,035
3,901
3,675
3,460
14,811
7,256
3,968
3,588
1,294
28,748
14,026
14,721
26,602
3,414
9,285
13,904
10,415
382
2,197
7,836
11,535
4,127
3,788
3,620
14,755
7,057
4,228
3,469
1,128
$740
726
754
453
578
482
415
310
215
570
292
547
578
532
524
398
388
492
336
294
$741
730
750
476
597
505
435
323
214
595
301
567
596
535
552
409
405
505
342
302
14,562
7,530
7,032
9,861
1,793
4,939
3,129
4,691
10
1,585
3,096
10,095
3,757
3,621
2,717
11,295
4,688
3,721
2,887
1,099
14,516
7,384
7,132
10,222
1,751
5,179
3,292
5,243
15
1,854
3,374
10,564
3,943
3,720
2,901
11,309
4,591
3,865
2,853
936
875
858
889
591
663
604
515
363
(1)
$582
315
572
582
535
602
429
443
498
345
307
865
864
865
606
697
619
522
388
(1)
$604
317
585
598
539
613
452
475
515
350
303
13,602
6,095
7,507
15,980
1,652
3,843
10,485
4,896
341
286
4,269
940
144
54
742
3,516
2,568
247
701
195
14,231
6,642
7,589
16,381
1,663
4,106
10,612
5,172
367
343
4,462
971
184
68
719
3,445
2,466
363
616
193
630
597
663
400
496
346
398
279
214
495
278
366
420
(1)
$357
316
311
392
312
240
647
620
671
418
512
386
414
290
211
492
288
404
508
1
( )
$385
321
323
325
308
297
1997
1998
TOTAL
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
,
,
,
.
Men
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
,
,
,
,
.
Women
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
,
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material movtng occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1
Data not shown where base is Jess than 100,000.
NOTE:
Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite
estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the
household survey.
157
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
D-23. Empfoyment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Veteran status and age
1997
I
1998
Percent of
labor force
Number
I
1997
1998
I
1997
I
1998
1997
1998
1997
!
1998
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over
7,789
6,398
1,113
2,861
2,424
1,391
7,809
6,095
840
2,391
2,864
1,714
6,673
5,798
1,007
2,596
2,196
875
6,586
5,474
757
2,167
2,549
1,112
6,436
5,589
957
2,516
2,115
847
6,373
5,295
738
2,095
2,462
1,078
237
209
49
79
81
28
213
178
19
72
87
35
3.6
3.6
4.9
3.1
3.7
3.2
3.2
3.3
2.6
3.3
3.4
3.1
18,973
8,816
5,992
4,165
19,976
9,160
6,572
4,244
17,161
8,109
5,444
3,608
18,120
8,464
5,987
3,669
16,445
7,766
5,234
3,445
17,490
8,175
5,787
3,529
716
344
210
162
630
290
201
140
4.2
4.2
3.9
4.5
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.8
NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces
between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who have
never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new
composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the
household survey.
158
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAVES
D-24. Employment status ot male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Veterans
Employment status and age
White
Hispanic origin
Black
I
1997
I
1998
5,728
5,240
5,058
Nonveterans
White
Black
1997
1998
I
1997
182
3.5
5,462
4,935
4,784
150
3.0
548
453
428
25
5.4
495
414
389
26
6.2
285
259
251
8
3.3
965
877
836
41
4.7
712
644
630
15
2.3
110
92
85
7
7.5
108
80
67
64
4
5.2
60
57
56
7,441
95
91
4
4.3
6,946
6,691
255
3.7
7,710
7,227
7,007
220
3.0
2,536
2,330
2,259
71
3.0
2,106
1,919
235
204
187
17
8.5
99
93
91
2
1.9
96
80
79
1
1.6
5,079
4,685
5,563
5,108
1,866
53
2.8
276
229
220
8
3.7
4,517
4,947
168
3.6
162
3.2
2,227
2,032
1,962
70
3.5
2,644
2,371
2,289
82
3.5
161
132
123
9
7.0
151
115
111
4
3.6
106
99
96
3
3.2
124
106
104
2
2.0
3,475
3,069
2,949
120
3.9
3,104
3,004
100
3.2
I
I
1998
Hispanic origin
I
1998
i
1997
I
1998
I
1997
I
1998
280 15,996 16,783
243 14,700 15,439
239 14,157 14,957
543
4
481
3.7
1.5
3.1
2,027
1,607
2,179
1,939
1,764
1,657
107
1,750
1,652
2,039
1,808
1997
Total, 40 to 54 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1,466
6.1
98
5.6
1,725
83
4.6
945
771
702
70
9.0
973
807
753
54
6.6
904
832
788
45
5.4
944
858
819
39
4.6
648
520
482
38
7.3
720
610
581
29
4.8
573
510
484
26
5.1
641
560
538
22
3.8
433
315
281
34
10.8
485
347
323
24
7.0
461
408
380
28
6.8
453
390
368
23
5.8
141
8.8
40 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutionai population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
45 to 49 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
50 to 54 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian iabor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who
have never served in the Armed Forces. Detail for the above race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races-
3,510
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and
black population groups. Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new
composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the
household survey.
159
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error
Introduction
information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the
two data series are as follows.
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample of
about 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996 data)
located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to represent all counties and independent cities in the U.S., with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment,
hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports from
a sample of about 390,000 establishments employing about
48 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who receive pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once. In the figures
based on establishment reports, persons who worked in more
than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are obtained only from the household survey,
whereas detailed industrial classifications are much more
reliably derived from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other because of variations in definitions and coverage, source of
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all
workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the pay161
ment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the
Monthly Labor Review.
roll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.
Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.
Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).
COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business, Bureau of the
Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the
Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial classification of establishments; and different reporting patterns
by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the
scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and
financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.
COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA WITH
OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemploy-
County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and churches, are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.
162
Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Each employed person is counted only once, even if he
or she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.
Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS).This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of the Census
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference
week." Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week, referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not at
home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons.
This represents a noninterview rate for the survey that ranges
between 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000 occupied
units, there are about 9,000 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample is changed each
month. The rotation plan, as will be explained later, provides
for three-fourths of the sample to be common from one month
to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month
a year earlier.
Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs,
who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the
labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New
entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a proportion
of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four rates
thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
(For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers" and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined into a
single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed
for the separate categories.)
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions
(e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and
who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers
in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b)
all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of
vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity
or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training,
or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they
were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.
163
Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.
The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the
following categories: Private and government wage and
salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class
of worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond
that their businesses are incorporated are included among
wage and salary workers, because technically, they are
paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers
are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week
or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member
of the household to whom they are related by birth or
marriage.
Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held
a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. Excluded are self-employed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.
Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.
Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off
on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even though they were paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the published
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each
job and for usual hours.
Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons
in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither
employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on their
desire for and availability to take a job at the time of the
CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and reason for not looking in the 4-week period prior to the survey
week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined as
persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.
At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, this category refers to
individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to
34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand.
Those who usually work part time must also indicate that
they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons.
At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information for the employed applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours.
The unemployed are classified according to their last job.
The occupational and industrial classification of CPS data
is based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.
164
Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context, full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work
less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the
number of hours worked in the reference week. This may
include some individuals who actually worked more than
34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who are
temporarily absent from work. The full-time labor force includes all employed persons who usually work full time and
unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time
work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time
labor force consists of employed persons who usually work
part time and unemployed persons who are seeking or are
on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for fulland part-time workers are calculated using the concepts of
the full-and part-time labor force.
half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding all selfemployed persons regardless of whether or not their
business's were incorporated) who usually work full time
on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living
apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on
duty with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in
families maintained by either men or women without a
spouse.
White, blacky and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data
for "other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic
origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black
population groups.
Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is
one in which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent.
Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons who
never served in the Armed Forces.
HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than
Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:
• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with
J65
the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization.
d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.
• In 1953, the current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The
new system provided some year-to-year overlap in the
sample, thereby improving measurement over time.
e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.
f) New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.
• In 1955, the survey reference week was changed to the
calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.
• In 1994, major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major
changes to the survey were:
• In 1957, the employment definition was modified slightly
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they
were waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30
days of interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the
unemployed classification. The only exception was the small
subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to
start new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.
a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant
information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.
• In 1967, more substantive changes were made as a
result of the recommendations of the President's Committee to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics
(the Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were
as follows:
b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the
definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currently looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none
for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a
job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
during the reference week (a direct question on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definition of discouraged workers was too subjective,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior testing of the labor market.
a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job search
methods.
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until June or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.
c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part
time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually
work part time: They must want and be available for fulltime work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Per-
c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.
166
which affected the white and black-and-other groups but
had little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a
lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,
and the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000.
Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
sons who usually work full time but worked part time for an
economic reason during the reference week are assumed to
meet these criteria.)
d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff.
To be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must expect to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.
• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional
population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but
had little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years
and over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February
1974 issue of this publication.
e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the
refugees increased the black-and-other population by less
than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes
being confined to the "other" component of the population.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions,
and methods made over the years, other changes have also
affected the comparability of the labor force data.
• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in
January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.
• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.
• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by
interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that
the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.
• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000; unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.
• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind
• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,
167
the change and an indication of the differences appear in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used also is described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.
force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,
respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes
and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.
• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, were
introduced into the second stage estimation procedure. This
change resulted in substantial increases in total population
and in all major labor force categories. Effective February
1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for
1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1
million, employment by about 880,000, and unemployment
by approximately 175,000. The overall unemployment rate
rose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March
1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.
• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.
• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue
of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight
effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were
revised back to January 1980.
• Beginning in January 1997, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect updated information on the demographic characteristics of immigrants to, and emigrants from, the United
States. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was raised by about 470,000. The labor
force and employment levels were increased by about
320,000, and 290,000, respectively. The Hispanic-origin
population and labor force estimates were raised by about
450,000 and 250,000 respectively, and Hispanic employment by 325,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation were
not affected. An explanation of the changes and their effect
on national labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in
the February 1997 issue of this publication.
Effective with data for January 1998, new composite estimation procedures and minor revisions in the population
controls were introduced into the household survey. The
new composite estimation procedures simplify processing
of the monthly labor force data at BLS, allow users of the
• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the
total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised
by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by
about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor
168
comparability than did the new occupational system. The
most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale"
trade, postal service from "public administration" to "transportation," and some interchange between "professional and
related services" and "public administration." Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and industrial
classification systems appears in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based
on the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between
the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within
the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.
The most notable changes in industry classification were the
shift of several industries from "business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into
smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titles
were changed as well, with no change in content.
survey microdata to replicate more easily the official estimates released by BLS, and increase the reliability of the
employment and labor force estimates. The new procedures
also produce somewhat lower estimates of the civilian labor
force and employment and slightly higher estimates of
unemployment. For example, based on 1997 annual average data, using old and new composite weights, the differences were as follows: Civilian labor force (-229,000),
total employed (-256,000), and total unemployed (+27,000).
Unemployment rates were not significantly affected.
The population controls used in the survey were revised
to reflect new estimates of legal immigration to the U.S.
and a change in the method for projecting the emigration of
foreign-born legal residents. As a result, the Hispanic-origin population was raised by about 57,000; however, the
total civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over
was essentially unchanged. More detailed information on
these changes and their effect on the estimates of labor force
change and composition appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998," in the February 1998 issue of this publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational
employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to major
activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational
classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971 -72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the
new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical
Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made in order to improve the efficiency
of the sample design, increase the reliability of the sample
estimates, or control cost.
Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: When
Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,
respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing
sample to account for the population of these States. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's),
which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new Statebased CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was
implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the
8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned CPS
sample based on the 1990 decennial census was selected for
use during the 1990's. Households from this new sample
169
were phased into the CPS between April 1994 and July 1995.
The July 1995 sample was the first monthly sample based
entirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the
1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the Sample for the
Current Population Survey" in the May 1994 issue of this
publication.
The original 1990 census-based sample design included
about 66,000 housing units per month located in 792
selected geographic areas called primary sampling units
(PSU's). The sample was initially selected to meet specific
reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of
New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability criteria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,
given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)
of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the
standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate,
expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a
6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
The current sample design, introduced in January 1996,
includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areas and
maintains a 1.9-percent CV on national monthly estimates of
unemployment level. This translates into a change of 0.2 percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant at a
90-percent confidence level. For each of the fifty States and
for the District of Columbia, the design maintains a CV of at
most 8-percent on the annual average estimate of unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate. Due to
the national reliability criterion, estimates for several large
States are substantially more reliable than the State design
criterion requires. Annual average unemployment estimates
for California, Florida, New York, and Texas, for example,
carry a CV of less than 4 percent.
In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters
composed of about four housing units each are selected. Each
month, about 59,000 housing units are assigned for data
collection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing
persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere, or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units, about
6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted
to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to
cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is
obtained each month for about 94,000 persons 16 years of
age or older.
ties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSU's. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an
individual county is too large. Combining counties to form
PSU's provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes
urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed
without undue travel cost.
The 2,007 PSU's are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSU's in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally
the most populous PSU's in each State. The 326 remaining
strata are formed by combining PSU's that are similar in
such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons employed in various industries, and average monthly wages
for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected
from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it
represents not only itself but the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a population of 50,000 would be selected for the sample is twice
that for a PSU having a population of 25,000.
Selection of sample households. Because the sample design is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and
depends on State population size as well as both national
and State reliability requirements. The State sampling ratios range roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in
every 3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is
modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively
constant given the overall growth of the population. The
sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the
probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio
for the State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in 10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,000, a withinPSU sampling ratio of 1 in 300 achieves the desired ratio of
1 in 3,000 for the stratum.
The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed using block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 census was the first decennial census that produced data at the
block level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocks
are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, Minor Civil
Division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and be
quite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be several
square miles in size.
Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSU's). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous coun-
170
in the CPS to represent housing units built after the decennial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sample
up-to-date and representative of the population. It also helps
to keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,
the addition of newly built housing units compensates for
the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use.
For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks were
grouped into three strata: Unit, group quarters, and area.
(Occasionally, units within a block were split between the
unit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum contained
regular housing units with addresses that were easy to locate (e.g. most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobil homes). The group
quarters stratum contained housing units where residents
shared common facilities or received formal or authorized
care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks
with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks
exist primarily in rural areas.
To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to
ensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blocks
within the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sorted
using geographic and block-level data from the census.
Examples of the census variables used for sorting include
proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sorting variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)
and stratum.
Within each block, housing units were sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.
A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected
independently from each stratum using the appropriate withinPSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sample
units reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate the particular sample addresses in the group quarters and area blocks.
Units in the three strata described above all existed at the
time of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of additional procedures, a sample of building permits is included
Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group
is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,
one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month,
and so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is
common from month to month and 50 percent from year to
year for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of change
and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without
burdening any specific group of households with an unduly
long period of inquiry.
CPS sample, 1947 to present. Table 1-A provides a
description of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in
use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of
the CPS sample design appears in The Current Population
Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40,
Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in
Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the 1990 census-based sample design appears in
"Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May 1994 issue of this publication.
Table 1-A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present
Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
April 1989 to Oct. 1994 3
Nov. 1994 to Aug. 1995 4
Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995
Jan. 1996topresent
Households eligible
Number of sample
areas
Interviewed
68
230
330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
792
792
754
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400
54,500
52,900
46,800
1
1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.
Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600
3,500
3,400
3,200
Households visited
but not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800
10,000
9,700
9,000
3
The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
4
Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia
that were gradually phased in during the 10-month period, October 1994August 1995.
171
ESTIMATING METHODS
that are not self-representing and for those States that have
a substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1990 census between 1) the race distribution
of the population in sample PSU's and 2) the race distribution of all PSU's (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing
PSU's).
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the same
State have had the same probability of selection. Some selection probabilities may differ within a State due to the
sample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,
for example, which is carried out when areas selected for
the sample are found to contain many more households than
expected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ for
some sample areas within a State. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities
are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;
data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.
b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1)51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,
2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to account for occupied sample
households for which no information was obtained because
of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas
that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.
Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is
split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each
non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence
categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,
vacation, etc.
The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident
population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates of net census undercount, determined from the Post
Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on
earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census
undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to
make population projections is given in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the
sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of
these population characteristics. This is accomplished
through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:
3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to
account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample
estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by
unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth
months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates
obtained for the other months.
a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSU's rather
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSU's
172
The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.
varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates
From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census population (adjusted for census undercount). It is known that
the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men
than for women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other
races than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent agesex-race-origin population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy
and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of errors and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the
totals shown in the same tables because of independent
rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand.
Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation
plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates
Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a
given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample
estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that
include the true population value with known probabilities.
If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard
error calculated for each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the true population value.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two
173
Table 1-B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)
standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors
for all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. It is important to
keep in mind that standard errors computed from these methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some
kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise
value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errors
for years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated by
adjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.
Consecutivemonth change
293
312
145
216
235
161
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
194
206
97
164
174
113
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
219
224
91
165
171
105
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
97
96
62
95
95
81
138
140
66
101
105
76
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
78
71
43
69
72
50
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
98
97
44
73
74
51
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
40
35
32
42
37
37
130
134
63
91
107
73
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standard
errors by 0.96.
2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standard
errors by 1.17.
3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errors
by 1.44.
More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPS
data may be found in previous issues of this publication.
Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are
calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of
the monthly estimates.
Tables 1 -F and 1 -G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1-F and 1-G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.
Monthly
level
Category
174
Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Table 1 -H presents factors used to convert standard
errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quarterly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes
of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.
Table 1-C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 219,000 is given in table 1-B in the
row, "Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, as
shown by these data, would then be the interval from
53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true labor
force level lies within this interval would be correct for
roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.
Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level
0.11
.15
.14
.16
.16
.74
.11
.45
.50
.15
.18
.54
0.13
.18
.17
.19
.19
.97
.13
.53
.59
.18
.22
.64
.20
.20
.45
.30
.25
1.75
.67
.24
.23
.54
.36
.30
2.08
.80
.38
.34
.45
.40
.49
.55
.58
.66
.73
.73
.87
.87
.13
.25
1.39
.68
.26
.32
.42
.15
.15
.30
1.65
.81
.31
.38
.50
.18
.42
.27
.19
.21
1.18
.50
.32
.23
.25
1.40
Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1 -F and 1 -G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.
Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical..
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective service
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months
the estimated number of employed persons changed from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level of
the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the table
1 -E column titled "Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment, Total," it is necessary to
find the standard errors corresponding to the two monthly
level entries between which the value 116,150,000 lies. The
standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given as
274,000, and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolation
to find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.
Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
246,000 + f 120 ' 000 ' 000 - 116 - 150 ' 000 l(274,000-246,000)^51,000
1^ 120,000,000 -100,000,000 J v
'
Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
698,000 to 1,502,000.
Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These table provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in
levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1E or tables 1-Fand 1-G.
Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.
175
Table 1-D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment
Unemployment
Estimated
monthly level
Hispanic origin
Total or
white
50
100
500
1,000...
2,000 ...
4,000 ...
6,000 ...
8,000 ...
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
12
18
41
62
96
157
216
273
330
Black
13
18
39
55
76
Total or
white
12
17
38
54
76
107
131
150
167
201
228
Black
Hispanic
origin
Total
White
13
18
39
54
74
96
106
108
101
13
19
42
59
82
113
12
17
39
54
77
108
131
151
168
202
229
271
302
324
340
350
354
349
322
267
12
17
39
54
77
108
131
150
167
201
227
267
296
315
327
333
333
313
264
159
Black
13
18
39
55
76
103
120
131
137
137
113
Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110
Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment
Unemployment
Estimated
monthly level
Hispanic origin
Total or
white
50
100
500
1,000....
2,000 ....
4,000 ....
6,000 ....
8,000 ....
10,000 ..
15,000 ..
20,000 ..
30,000 ..
40,000 ..
50,000 ..
60,000 ..
70,000 ..
80,000 ..
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
14
19
43
59
78
95
94
73
Black
12
17
37
52
72
Total or
white
14
20
46
64
89
124
148
166
180
204
215
Black
Hispanic
origin
16
22
50
69
95
127
15
21
46
63
84
104
106
92
47
176
Total
White
Black
10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188
10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188
10
15
33
45
62
84
97
104
108
100
58
Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
12
17
37
51
70
93
105
110
110
79
10
14
31
4359
78
89
94
95
76
-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result can
also be expressed by saying that the apparent change of
200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence level.
Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed full
time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however,
are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in table
1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected from
the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows not
specifying correlation.
Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, s x , of an estimated monthly level, x, can be obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the parameters from table 1 -F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate
the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change
in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive
months and use the parameters from table 1 -G.
s x = V ax2 + bx
Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor force
(x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters
from table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white"). Use the
formula to compute an approximate standard error on the
estimate of 6,000,000.
a = -0.000017962
Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2529.99 from table 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:
2529.99 (32)(100-32) = 1.0 percent
\5,<,600,000
'
b - 2957.13
Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b = 2690.59 from table 1-G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Total or white, Women: Low
correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as follows.
S x = ^ ( - 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 7 9 6 2 X6,OOO,OOO) + ( 2 9 5 7 . 1 3 ) ( 6 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ) = 131,000
Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-G ("Unemployment: Total or white, Total, men, women"). Use the formula
to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated
change of 200,000.
b = 4191.84
Sx = /(O.OOOO 93662 X6,100,000)2 + (4191.84 )(6,100,000) = 149,000
•
\
2690.59
(33X100-33) = 1.0 percent
5,650,000
It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.
An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from
= j|
jP (l00-p)
yP
2
a = -0.000093662
Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons,
or the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1 -F or 1 -G relevant to the
numerator. The approximate standard error, sy p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the following formula, where y is the estimated number of persons in the base.
177
Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels
or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly or
yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in
monthly estimates. Table 1-H gives factors that can be used
to convert standard errors for monthly levels into standard
errors for other time periods and changes over time. Follow these three basic steps:
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
-0.000017682
-.000032770
-.000029553
-.000171805
2985.26
2764.05
2529.99
2544.62
White1
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....
-.000020028
-.000036840
-.000033710
-.000204195
2984.72
2766.67
2526.82
2549.88
Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....
-.000125300
-.000302096
-.000182509
-.001294516
3139.26
2930.79
2637.41
2949.48
Hispanic origin
-.000206380
3895.71
TotaM
Meni
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding women and 16-to19 year olds
.000005931
Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.
Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1D or 1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.
Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or
on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2
by the appropriate factor from table 1 -H.
828.79
Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19years
.000782035
.000858136
3048.57
2825.09
-.000024885
2582.39
Black
-.000134884
3154.76
Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19years
Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired for a
quarterly average of black employment levels and for the
change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For each
successive month of the first quarter, suppose the levels are
observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and 11,700,000.
Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.
.011857446
2894.85
.015736341
1702.50
-.000017962
-.000212109
-.000101820
2957.13
3149.77
3576.47
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use the
formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.
Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
a = -0.000125300
1
b - 3139.26
Excludes not-in-labor-force data.
S x = ^(-O.OOOl 25300 )(11,600,000)2 + (3139.26 )(11,600,000) = 140,000
If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed women;
thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would
have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have been
applied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Both
sexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it is
not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to
choose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives a
more conservative estimate of standard error.
Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1 -H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.
Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.
Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, or
1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly
Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.
178
Table 1-G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics1
Low correlation characteristics1
-0.000012482
-.000009288
-.000016162
2001.12
1564.84
2550.56
Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000022599
-.000016814
-.000058387
1921.13
1500.99
2668.56
Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000021229
-.000059785
1689.99
2690.59
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-.000186555
2616.54
Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000098960
-.001928030
2147.36
6513.82
Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000234427
-.002881467
2280.03
5829.60
-.000156363
-.002311407
-.001288452
1860.78
5420.13
3131.77
-.000157201
-.000102898
-.002624078
-.000248038
2774.53
1930.51
8620.43
2347.42
-.000398909
-.000338741
3615.62
2569.69
Total or white:
Total
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-.000395757
-.000672985
.000130289
3838.04
3959.25
2367.00
Black:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-.000122355
-.019110769
2861.72
5876.77
Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
.002872129
.002884390
4640.81
4028.10
-.000245791
2091.57
Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics...
-.000093662
-.000071624
4191.84
5121.75
Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics
-.000414217
.000048170
4361.16
3088.91
Hispanic origin:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics...
-.000252897
-.000996431
5054.25
7037.75
Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Hispanic origin:
Total
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over; 20 years and over; and both sexes,
16 to 19 years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:
Self-employed
2
Unemployment:
1
2
High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics
include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid
family workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.
High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers;
manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.
179
1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.
The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for sx to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate
for a single month.
The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.
S x = ^(-0.000125300 )(11,400,000)2 +(3139.26)(11,400,000) = 140,000
Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table
Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic
Year-to year
change of monthly
estimate
Quarterly
averages
Change in
quarterly
averages
Yearly
averages
Change in
yearly
averages
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40
0.92
.82
.78
.80
0.70
.84
.88
.80
0.79
.57
.49
.59
0.70
.70
.70
.70
1.40
1.40
.74
.67
.88
.88
.46
.42
.65
.54
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40
.87
.87
.87
.79
.82
.85
.84
.80
.88
.90
.65
.65
.65
.54
.51
.70
.70
.70
.70
.60
Agricultural employment:
Total or men ...
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
180
Establishment Data
(" B" tables)
COLLECTION
graphic stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments.
BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). This sample includes about
390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large number
of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable
industry and geographic detail are prepared and published
each month. Historical statistics are available on the Internet
at: http:Wstats.bls.gov
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates
from selected respondents through computer-assisted
interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition
technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their
payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of
tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well
as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the
respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to
the respondent for use again the following month.
The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle
design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data
covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the
relationship of the current data to the data for the previous
months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved
by entering the identification codes and the address of the
reporter only once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information
provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited
again by computer to detect processing and reporting errors
which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the
edited data are used to prepare national estimates.
It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geo-
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product
or activity determined from information on annual sales
volume. Since January 1980, this information is collected
on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance
tax reports filed by employers. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one
activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the
Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States
and areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Clas-
sification Manual (SIC), Office of Management and
Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of
persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff,
on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or
who were hired but have not yet reported during the
period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span.
181
by members of the construction trades.
Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on
whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or
an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average
value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing
employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had
decreasing employment. The margin between the percent
that increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the
difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100
minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment (65-( 100-65) = 30). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged
components when computing the index.)
Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants,
line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and
other employees at similar occupational levels whose services are closely associated with those of the employees
listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time
production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before
deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses
(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other
pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive
pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other
payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in
construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries.
Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during
the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid
are excluded.
Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is
different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the
site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs
(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig182
ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates
are the product of average weekly hours and production
worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher
levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread
the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of
the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular
rates, receiving as total compensation his or her holiday
pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no
overtime hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month to month. Such
factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover
may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on
average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level
also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in
both the previous and current months.
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for
the industry group by the sum of total production worker
hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments
are made for other premium payment provisions, such as
holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than
time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the
M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff
assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total
compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours
are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,
reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a
"gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive
items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes
paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not
covered under production worker, construction worker, or
nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings
but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work
force. For example, persistent long-term increases in the
proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of
the services industries have reduced average workweeks in
these industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this
series include lump-sum payments made to production
workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls
used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761
Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price
Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). The reference year for these series is 1982.
183
ESTIMATING METHODS
sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates,
all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated and all data series, usually for the previous 5 years, are reseasonally adjusted, prior
to full publication of all revised data in June of each year.
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey estimates of employment are generated through
an annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,698 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.
Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nationwide. A current
month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous
month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month.
Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks
in order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts
for March. These population counts are much less timely
than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an
annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative
file of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by
UI laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 98 percent of in-scope
private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the
remaining 2 percent is constructed from alternate sources,
primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based
estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based
estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge
is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added
to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark
accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based
monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and
the recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month.
Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly
Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,698 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a
majority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within the
construction division, geographic stratification is also used.
Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary
significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level
estimates.
Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is
called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative
is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus
a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March
benchmark through application of monthly link relatives.
Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic
estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic
cell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures.
The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firm births. There is a several month lag between an
184
Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings
Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size or region/size cell)
Aggregate industry level (division
and, where stratified, industry)
Monthly data
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month
to all employees in previous month, for sample
establishments which reported for both months.1
Sum of all-employee estimates for component
cells.
All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory
workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of
women to all employees.2
Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.
Average weekly hours
Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory
workers.2
Average, weighted by production or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells.
Average weekly overtime hours
Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.2
Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours
for component cells.
Average hourly earnings
Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.2
Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.
Average weekly earnings
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
All employees
Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees
Annual average data
All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
workers
Average weekly hours
Average weekly overtime hours
Average hourly earnings
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.
Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by
annual aggregate hours.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings
1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
bias adjustments factors, which compensate for the
underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources
of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earn-
ings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage
of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same
time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.
185
establishment opening for business and its appearing on
the UI universe frame and being available for sampling.
Because new firms generate a portion of employment
growth each month of the year, nonsampling methods must
be used to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under
estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment survey since the late 1960's. Prior to the 1983
benchmark, bias adjustments were derived from a simple
mean error model, which averaged undercount errors for
the previous 3 years to arrive at bias projections for the
coming year. The undercount errors were measured as the
difference between sample-based estimate results and
benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this research, a revised method was developed
which incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for the production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to
react to changing economic conditions or changing error
structure relationships between the sample-based estimates
and the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the
inability to incorporate UI universe counts as they become
available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag
from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis,
and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is done
primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e. abnormally
high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and
bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of
UI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models utilizing a Kalman filter technique,
which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling
error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among
these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.
When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simply
does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents
may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is
often received too late to incorporate into monthly esti-
mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent
for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-based
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in and
of themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1986-96
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average amount of bias which was added each month over the
course of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias
added for 1996 is listed as 129,000; this represents the average of bias adjustments made each month over the period April 1995 through March 1996. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given
year is known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the difference between a March estimate derived purely
from the sample (i.e. a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure
by 12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The
bias required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment which would have achieved a zero benchmark error.
The difference between the total bias required and the total
bias added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in
the table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes.
As discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required figures.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary
goal of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment
of the universe to provide reliable estimates that can be
published both promptly and regularly. The present sample
allows BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period,
and data in considerably more detail with an additional 1 month lag.
The CES survey, which began over 50 years age, predates the introduction of probability sampling methods and
has operated as a quota sample since its inception.
The sampling plan used is a form of sampling with probability proportionate to size, known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments.
The universe of establishment employment is highly
skewed, with a large percentage of total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because vari186
Reliability
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is
subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error. The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly
related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment
survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with
sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.
ance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate than
smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unit
is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the survey design, large establishments fall into a
certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the sample
for the various industries is determined empirically on the
basis of experience and cost considerations. For example,
in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total
employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in
the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from among the
smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large
proportion of total employment is concentrated in small establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion of
all large establishments but also for a more substantial number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to
a size which can be handled by available resources, it is
necessary to have a sample design for these industries with
a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the
case for most manufacturing industries.
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The sum
of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered total
survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish
sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES can
derive an annual approximation of total error, on a lagged
basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is used as a
measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate survey processes
(i.e., the CES sample process and the UI universe process)
and thus reflects the errors present in each program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very small for
total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade, percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.3 percent, with a range
from zero to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most current
benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions
and mean absolute revisions for major industries. Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates; unbiased
estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as over and
under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions, give an overall indicator as to the accuracy of the
Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C
shows the latest benchmark employment levels and the
approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown.
Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1986-96
(In thousands)
Benchmark
Year
1
Average monthly bias
2
3
4
Over-the-year
employment
change5
Employment
Revision
1986
1987
1988
1989
81,204
83,173
86,180
89,015
-400
21
-310
-93
149
98
114
131
116
99
88
123
1,758
1,969
3,007
2,835
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
90,546
88,790
88,347
89,790
92,730
96,175
98,158
-261
-583
-130
288
688
511
72
85
61
33
83
115
144
129
63
12
22
107
171
187
135
1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443
2,940
3,445
1,983
1
Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2
Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3
The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the
Added
Required
course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
4
The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5
March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because there is no bias adjustment for this sector.
187
of selecting a sample from the population were repeated
many times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 68 percent of
the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to
one standard error above the estimate would include the
true population value.
estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was
from the final benchmark level.
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic
estimating cells do not have universe data sources available and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions,
although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. Like the employment
estimates, the hours and earnings estimates are also
subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of
the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings
were computed using the method of random groups and
are expressed as relative standard errors (standard error
divided by the estimate). Relative standard errors for
individual industries with the specified number of employees are presented in table 2-E and for major industries
in table 2-F. Multiplying the relative standard error by its
estimated value gives the estimate of the standard error.
The errors presented here are based on averages observed
from sample data over the March 1994 through March 1995
period.
Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SIC and ownership
codes are made through this process. The refiling cycle is
such that every third year entire division(s) are subject to
refiling. The volume of these adjustments is generally quite
large and has a substantial impact on universe employment
counts at the industry levels, although the total nonfarm
employment level remains unaffected. For example, in a
year when the services division is refiled, a substantial
Standard errors for differences between industries and times.
The standard error of a difference is required to test for
significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries
are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each
estimate, S ^ a n d S 2 2 .
S difference
Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1996
Sample coverage1
Industry
The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The
covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates
over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows.
=
Vs?
+ S
2"
2
PS
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade..
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate...
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local
1S2
If Si = S 2 , then:
S change
Number of
establishments
Number
(thousands)
Percent
of
benchmarks
117,952
327,799
44,496
38
566
4,952
18,366
3,172
26,429
58,259
237
978
8,968
42
20
49
16,432
25,768
63,150
2,358
1,153
4,959
38
18
24
24,268
78,057
2,200
8,286
32
24
2,770
3,987
8,600
100
84
70
6,159
6,396
21,023
6,815
33,881
2,770
4,750
12,274
2
3
5,335
7,098
19,831
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all
establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment
estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. A small sample is
used to estimate hours and earnings data.
3
Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well
as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a
sample of reports covering about 62 percent of employment in Federal establishments.
=
Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for
average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals or range of
values that include the true population value. If the process
Employees
Total
S change
Benchmarks
(thousands)
188
Table 2-D. Current (March 1996) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
March 1996
benchmark revision
Level
Percent
10-year average
mean percent revision1
Actual
Absolute
57
0.3
Total private
72
.3
Goods-producing
189
.8
-0.1
.8
Mining
Metal mining
Coalmining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
3
3
-3
7
-1
.5
5.7
-3.1
2.2
-1.0
-1.2
-1.6
-1.1
-1.4
-.4
1.7
3.1
2.2
2.6
1.6
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
8
21
7
.2
1.8
1.0
-.6
-.7
-.4
.2
-1.0
1.4
2.6
1.8
1.5
Total
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products....
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
-19
178
92
16
3
5
5
3
-3
26
4
1
-3
17
9
5
21
1
1.0
.7
.9
.7
2.1
.6
.9
.7
1.2
-.2
1.2
1.1
.1
-.5
1.0
1.0
1.1
2.5
.3
86
1.1
37
0
-10
17
2.2
0
-1.6
1.9
.6
.6
.2
.3
.3
-.1
.4
(2)
-.1
(2)
-.5
-.4
1.0
1.4
1.0
.2
2.0
1.7
1.1
.7
.9
1.3
.9
1.3
2.4
.9
1.7
1.1
1.4
1.5
1.9
1.4
.7
1.3
0
.1
-.2
-.1
.1
.4
-.3
-.1
-.5
.5
-.6
.9
1.6
1.5
2.5
-132
-.1
.1
.3
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
-74
-14
0
-13
-242
0
261
1
-1.2
-.4
0
-2.9
-21
-60
-50
-11
-15.2
0
23.9
6.7
-5.1
-2.7
-3.8
-1.2
-.3
-.4
-.9
.1
-1.6
.5
2.7
.6
-1.6
-.2
-.2
-.2
1.0
1.3
1.1
2.4
2.9
3.6
5.2
5.1
3.3
1.1
1.7
.8
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
-108
-66
-42
-1.7
-1.8
-1.6
-.4
-.5
-.3
1.3
1.5
1.1
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
4
10
11
3
13
0
See footnotes at end of table.
189
1.1
2.1
1.0
4.5
.9
1.3
.6
.8
Table 2-D. Current (March 1996) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1996
benchmark revision
Industry
10-year average
mean percent revision1
Level
Percent
Actual
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
111
-11
9
-6
7
-1
1
-4
.5
-1.3
.3
-.3
.2
(2)
.1
-.4
.5
.2
2.2
2.8
-.2
-1.1
-.5
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions3
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate
-78
-25
-2
-5
3
2
0
9
-33
-44
-40
-4
Services4
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services 3
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services 3
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services3
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations3
Services, nee
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
9
79
20
-9
32
10
35
-1
84
2
1
-2
30
1
10
-4
-59
-84
-15.9
-2.0
-2.7
-.6
-.7
-4.1
.2
.2
.1
-.6
.1
1.8
2.1
-.1
1.2
.2
(2)
-.1
2.5
.1
2.7
-.8
-4.4
.1
2.3
.7
.6
.4
1.2
1.3
1.4
-.8
-1.0
-.7
-2
-.2
-.8
-1.2
-.7
-.8
1.0
-.4
1.1
-.7
-2.6
0
1.2
2.6
.2
-.5
1.3
.6
.5
2.5
1.5
1.4
1.8
1.6
3.6
2.7
2.9
1.4
4.7
4.3
3.3
.9
1.8
.9
()
.2
0
0
.5
1.0
.5
.3
.4
1.2
-.3
.9
.4
-.7
1.2
0
1
2.1
-1.8
.2
-4.5
2.2
-15
0
0
-23
-39
15
8
8
-.1
0
0
-.5
-1.9
.6
.1
.1
-1
3
4
190
.8
1.1
1.0
1.6
1.1
1.3
.9
-.4
-.8
-1.0
-.4
-4.2
.8
-1.0
8
-3
19
10
-4
8
0
45
-52
2
-38
1.1
-.4
.8
.3
.7
1.6
2.7
3.5
-1.1
-.8
-.1
-.3
1.1
.4
0
1.7
-.9
.7
-.3
11
-5
-38
1
Data relate to the 1987-96 benchmarks, as originally published,
unless otherwise noted.
2
Less than 0.05 percent.
.9
1.1
.8
Absolute
.9
.1
0
0
.4
.5
.3
-.1
-.1
.4
Data relate to 1989-96.
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
1.2
1.3
1.3
.7
6.4
2.0
4.9
1.3
5.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.6
.8
2.6
1.2
2.8
1.7
4.7
1.6
2.5
3.3
1.6
1.4
3.7
.8
Table 2-E. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings
(In percent)
Size of employment
estimate
50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
Employment
Average
weekly
hours
Average
hourly
earnings
1.4
1.1
.8
.6
.4
.3
1.9
1.5
1.2
.9
.7
.6
3.2
2.6
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.1
Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.
Table 2-F. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings by industry
(In percent)
Industry
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Employment
Average
weekly
hours
Average
hourly
earnings
0.1
.8
.4
.1
.1
.1
0.1
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1
0.2
1.1
.3
.4
.5
.5
.3
.2
.1
.5
.2
.1
1.0
.4
.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.7
.4
Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.
amount of employment is usually reclassified out of services to other major divisions, thus, lowering the benchmark level for services, and potentially causing a significant downward revision in the services employment totals
previously published.
Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings,
based on less than the total sample, are published immediately following the reference month. Final revised sample-
based estimates are published 2 months later when nearly
all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G
presents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and
the mean absolute percent revision that may be expected
between the preliminary and final employment estimates.
Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates
are normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly
hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private
nonfarm level, and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry groupings.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)
As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with
BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,
and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the
full CES sample to produce monthly national employment
estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the
sample to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail
may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.
Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate national data by detailed industry; correspondingly
the State estimation procedures are designed to produce
accurate data for each individual State. State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because
each State series is subject to larger sampling and
nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them
cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particular
problem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when the
majority of the individual State errors tend to be in the
same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the
Bureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such
a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error
structure, particularly at turning points.
Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Industry
Total
Total private
Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1
Mean percent revision
Actual
Absolute
61,300
0
0
52,300
0
0
14,200
0
0
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
2,300
300
900
2,200
300
-0.1
0
-.1
-.1
0
.3
.4
.6
.5
.3
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
9,000
4,400
3,700
5,700
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.4
.1
Goods-producing
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories....
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
10,200
6,700
1,300
1,300
1,100
1,400
1,300
1,800
2,600
1,400
2,400
1,300
4,300
3,700
1,800
1,700
1,200
5,500
3,300
500
1,100
2,500
1,200
1,700
1,800
1,000
1,600
700
57,600
9,200
8,100
2,200
3,500
5,400
1,500
2,500
200
1,200
4,600
4,500
1,600
7,700
4,400
4,800
See footnotes at end of table.
192
Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued
Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1
Industry
Mean percent revision
Actual
Absolute
.3
.5
.5
.1
.1
.1
.4
.3
.1
.3
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
33,100
2,800
17,600
16,200
6,300
2,700
1,200
5,800
3,600
12,400
8,500
.1
0
.2
.2
.1
0
-.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate
6,100
3,800
2,800
2,300
1,100
1,400
1,000
900
1,600
2,800
2,400
1,000
2,700
0
0
-.1
Services2
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
29,100
3,200
5,900
8,100
13,900
2,800
11,800
11,400
2,400
1,900
1,100
5,500
9,700
5,300
2,700
2,000
2,800
1,800
1,100
13,200
7,900
4,800
1,300
700
3,800
4,900
2,400
3,100
400
,
23,900
10,400
8,900
11,600
10,900
4,700
18,800
16,000
12,100
1
2
The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean
squared error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between the final and preliminary estimates averaged across
a series of monthly observations.
.1
-.1
0
0
0
0
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.3
.1
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2
0
.2
.2
-.1
.1
0
.2
.2
0
0
0
0
.3
0
0
0
0
.1
0
0
.1
.3
0
.2
0
0
0
.1
.1
.1
.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.4
.4
.2
.1
.2
.8
.6
0
.1
.1
.1
.3
.1
.6
.3
.7
.2
.7
.2
.2
.3
.3
.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
0
.1
.3
.3
.2
.5
.1
.1
.2
.2
-.1
-.1
.1
0
0
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1992
through December 1996.
193
Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Estimates for States
signal is a time series model of the true labor force which
consists of three components: A variable coefficient
regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and
current relationships found within each State's economy as
reflected in the different sources of data that are available
for each State—the Current Population Survey (CPS), the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (UI) system. The noise component
of the models explicitly accounts for auto correlation in the
CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude
of the error. In addition, the models can identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.
While all the State models have important components in
common, they differ somewhat from one another to better
reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for the employment-to-population ratio
and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each State.
The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from
the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and
seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS
not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component
accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the
CES, while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically
to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of
the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate
that changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once
the estimates are developed from the models, levels are calculated for employment, unemployment, and labor force.
Current monthly estimates. Effective January 1996, civilian labor force and unemployment estimates for all States
and the District of Columbia are produced using models
based on a "signal-plus-noise" approach. The model of the
Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for all States and the District of Columbia are
adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average
CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a pro-
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative
program. The local unemployment estimates which derive
from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the
basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act.
Annual average data for the States and 328 areas shown
in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data classified
by selected demographic, social, and economic characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile
of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a
subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400
LMAs, counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or
more. Regional aggregations are derived by summing the
State estimates. The estimation methods are described
below for States (and the District of Columbia) and for subState areas. At the sub-LMA (county and city) level, estimates are prepared using disaggregation techniques based
on decennial and annual population estimates and current
unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description
of the estimation procedure is contained in the BLS document, Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment
Statistics.
194
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each of two categories: (1) Persons who were previously employed in industries covered by State UI laws;
and (2) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
cedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the original
monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates for two large sub-State areas —New York City
and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are
obtained using the same modeling approach as for states.
Estimates for the nearly 2,400 remaining LMA's, are prepared through indirect estimation techniques, described
below.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and all
LMA's within the State. The LMA estimates geographically
exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment is
applied to all sub-State preliminary LMA estimates to ensure that they add to the independently estimated State totals for employment and unemployment. For California and
New York, the proportional adjustment is applied to all
LMA's other than the two modeled areas, to ensure that the
LMA estimates sum to an independent model-based estimate for the balance of State.
Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based largely on CES data. These
"place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place
of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed on
the basis of employment relationships at the time of the
1990 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CES
estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees,
nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers,
and private household workers.
Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in UI claims counts, and updated
historical relationships. The updated estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates
of employment and unemployment.
195
Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by
adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes in
a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which they
are based, because they are subject not only to sampling and
other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the
seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted
series for selected labor force and establishment-based data
are published monthly in Employment and Earnings.
1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount, introduced into the Current Population Survey. In 1996, 1990-93 data also were revised to
incorporate these 1990 census-based population controls and
seasonally adjusted series were revised back to 1990. Subsequent revisions are only carried back to 1994.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to
derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally
adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components. The total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily add
to totals.
In each January issue (March issue in 1996), Employment and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted
data for selected labor force series based on the experience
through December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be
used to calculate the civilian unemployment estimate for
the first 6 months of the following year, and a description of
the current seasonal adjustment procedure.
Household data
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method
by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E, January 1983.
BLS uses an extension of X-l 1 ARIMA to allow it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data, usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census
population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in
early 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994, data were
revised only for that year because of the major redesign and
Establishment data
Effective in June 1997, with the release of the March 1996
benchmark revisions, BLS began using an updated version
of the X-l2 ARIMA software developed by the Bureau of
the Census to seasonally adjust national establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings series. The X-l2 ARIMA
(first introduced in June 1996) replaces the X-l 1 ARIMA,
which had been used to adjust these series since the early
1980's. All national establishment-based series were revised back to 1988.
The conversion to X-l2 ARIMA allows BLS to refine its
seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometime referred to as the 4-vs. 5-week effect. While the CES survey is referenced to a consistent concept, the pay period including the 12th day of the month,
inconsistencies arise because there are variations of 4 or 5
weeks between the week of the 12th in any given pair of
months. In highly seasonal months and industries, this varia196
BLS also makes special adjustments for floating holidays
for the establishment-based series on average weekly hours
and manufacturing overtime hours. From 1988 forward, these
adjustments are now accomplished as part of the X-12
ARIMA/REGARIMA modeling process rather than through
the previously used moving-holiday extension of X-ll
ARIMA. The special adjustment made in November each
year to adjust for the effect of poll workers in the local government employment series also is incorporated into the X12 process from 1988 forward; this replaces the X-ll
ARIMA-based procedure previously used to account for this
effect.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based
series based on the experience through March 1997, new
seasonal adjustment factors for March-October 1997, and a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
appear in the June 1997 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised factors for the September 1997-April 1998 period
will appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by major industry for all States and the District of Columbia (table
B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly to the
employment estimates at the division level (component
series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to
the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and
historical revisions are made coincident with the annual
benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are
designed to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted) data for each individual State. BLS independently
develops a national employment series; State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals. Because each State
series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors
than the national series, summing them cumulates individual
State level errors and can cause significant distortions at an
aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS
does not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and
cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively
large and volatile error structure.
tion can be an important determinant of the magnitude of
seasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the
survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal adjustment.
The interval effect adjustment is accomplished through the
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) option
in the X-12 software. This process combines standard regression analysis, which measures correlations between two
or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes
and predicts the behavior of a data series based on its own
past history. In this application, the correlations of interest
are those between employment levels in individual calendar
months and the length of the survey intervals for those
months. The REGARIMA models estimate and remove the
variation in employment levels attributable to 11 separate
survey intervals, one specified for each month, except March.
March is excluded because there are always 4 weeks
between the February and March surveys.
Projected seasonal factors for the establishment-based
series are calculated and published twice a year, paralleling
the procedure used for the household series. Revisions to
historical data are made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions. All series are seasonally adjusted using
multiplicative models in X-12; additive models are not considered. Seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied at component levels. For employment series, these are
generally the 2-digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals
are arithmetic aggregations for employment series and
weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for hours
and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant
dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing the
average weekly earnings series by the seasonally adjusted
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of
aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by multiplying average weekly hours by production or
nonsupervisory workers and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours for the
appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1982
annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
series, however, are used in the aggregation to broader level
seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
Region and State labor force data
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and
divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tables
C-l and C-2). Beginning in 1998, regional aggregations are
derived by summing the State estimates. Using the X-ll
ARIMA procedure, seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied independently to the component employment and unemployment levels and then aggregated to regional or State totals. Current seasonal adjustment factors
are produced for 6-month periods twice a year. Historical
revisions usually are made at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the separate processing procedures,
totals for the Nation, as a whole, differ from the results
obtained by aggregating regional or State data.
197
INDEX TO STATISTICAL TABLES
TABLE KEY: A: Monthly household data; B: Monthly national and State and area establishment data; C: Monthly regional. State, and
area labor force data; D: Quarterly, household data only, in the January, April, July, and October issues. Annual averages: Household data in the January issue; national establishment data in the January, March, and June issues; State and area establishment
and labor force data in the May issue. For additional information see the listing on the inside front cover of this publication.
Quarterly averages
Monthly
Topic
Seasonally
adjusted
Absences from work
Aggregate weekly hours (Index).
Agricultural industries
Not
seasonally
adjusted
Seasonally
adjusted
44-45
B-9
A - 1 - 3 , 7 , 11
A-15, 21-22,
30,35
D-1,5, 9
D-12-15
A-23-27
A-22
D-5
D-5
D-14-15
At work
Class of worker
Diffusion index
Discouraged workers
Earnings, hourly
Earnings, weekly
A-7
A-7
B-6
B-11
B-11
A-36
B-2,15-18
B-2,15,17-18
Educational attainment
Employment by:
Age
Hispanic origin
Industry
Occupation
Race
A-5
A-16-17
D-3
A-3-4, 6, 8
A-4
B-3-5. 7
A-7
A-4
A-14-16, 18-19,22
A-16-17
A-21;B-12-14
A-19-21
A-14-18, 20
D-1-2, 4, 6
D-2
D-12-13.16
D-12-16
D-5
D-2
D-14-15
D-12, 14, 16
A-2-4, 6-8; B-4
A-14-20. 22:B-13
D-1-2, 4-6
D-12-16
A-6
A-18. 33
D-4
D-14-15
B-8-10
A-23-27; B-2,
15. 18
A-7, 11
A-1-3, 7
A-26, 28, 34
A-37
A-15, 22
A-6
A-36
A-18
Sex
Full-time workers
Historical data
Hours of work
Jobsearch methods
Marital status
Multiple jobholders
Nonagricultural industries
'Not in the labor force
Part-time workers
Production or nonsupervisory
workers
School enrollment
State, region, and area data
Unemployment by:
Age
B-5, 8-9, 11
B-7:C-1-2
A-3-4, 6, 9-10
Duration
Hispanic origin
Industry of last job
Occupation of last job
Race
A-13
A-4
A-11
A-11
A-4
Reason
Sex
A-12
A-2-4, 6, 9-10
Union affiliation
Veterans, Vietnam-era
Annual
averages
Not
seasonally
adjusted
D-20-22
D-1,5
D-14-15
B-12, 15-18
A-16
B-14, 18;C-3
A-14-16,18, 28,
31-32, 34
A-32-35
A-16-17
A-30, 35
A-29, 35
A-14-18, 28,
31,34
A-31-32
A-14-18, 28-32,
34
A-38
198
35
B-2,15-17:50;2
B-2,15,17;
37-39, 50; 2
7
3-6.8-9.14-15
4-7,11-13.18
B-1,12-13; 16-18,48; 1
9-13, 17
3, 5, 7-8,10-12,14,
17-18
B-13;2-18
8.12-13. 30
A-1-2; B-1-2; 1-2
B-15;19-23,50;2
33-34
24,31
36
D-5, 9
D-4
A-1-2; 1-2,5-6,
12-13,15,17-18,
26,32
19-23
12-13, 15-16
A-1-2; 1-2,5-6,
12-13, 15
35
8, 12-13
B-12,15-17; 49-50
1-3
D-1-2, 7-8
D-12-13, 17
3-6, 8, 24, 27. 29.
33
D-11
D-2
D-9
D-9
D-2
D-19
D-12-13,17-19
D-10
D-1-2, 7-8
D-18
D-12-13, 17
29-32
4-7, 28
26,32
25,32
3,5, 7-8, 24, 28,
31,33
27-29
2-8,24, 25-27, 29,
31,33-35
40-43
46-47
D-12, 17-21
D-23-24
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Regional Office
Cooperating State Agencies
Current Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
BLS
REGION I—BOSTON
JFK Federal Building
Rm E310
Boston, MA 02203
Phone (617)565-232?
REGION II-NEW YORK
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014
Phone: (212)337-2400
REGION III—PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Phone: (215)596-1154
REGION IV-ATLANTA
Room 7T50
61 Forsyth Street. SW.
Atlanta, GA 30303
Phone: (404)562-2463
REGION V—CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone: (312)353-1880
REGION VI—DALLAS
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6970
REGIONS VII and V I I I KANSAS CITY
City Center Square
1100 Main. Suite 600
KansasCity, MO64105-2112
Phone:(816)426-2481
REGIONS IX and X SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O Box 193766
San Francisco, CA 94119
Phone •: 415) 975-4384
IV
X
IX
VI
IX
VIII
I
III
III
IV
IV
IX
X
V
V
VII
VII
IV
VI
I
III
I
V
V
IV
VII
Department of Industrial Relations, Room 427,
Industrial Relations Bldg., Montgomery 36130
Department of Labor, Research and Analysis
ALASKA
Section, 1111 West 8th St., Juneau 99802-5501
Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
ARIZONA
Washington St., Phoenix 85005
Employment Security Department.
ARKANSAS
P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203-2981
CALIFORNIA
Employment Development Department, Employment Data and Research Division, 7000
Franklin Blvd., Bldg. 1100, Sacramento 95823
COLORADO
Department of Labor and Employment, Suite
801, 1120 Lincoln Street, Denver 80203
Labor Department, Employment Security
CONNECTICUT
Division, 200 Folly Brook Blvd.
Wethersfield 06109
Department of Labor, Office of Occupational
DELAWARE
and Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 9029,
Newark 19714-9029
Department of Employment Services, Division
DIST. OF COL.
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201. 500 C St., NW., Washington,
DC 20001
Florida
Department of Labor and Employment
FLORIDA
Security, Bureau of Labor Market Information,
Suite 203, 2574 Seagate Dr., Tallahassee
32399-0674
Department of Labor, Labor Information
GEORGIA
Systems, 148 International Blvd., NE.,
Atlanta 30303
HAWAII
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,
Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813
IDAHO
Department of Employment, 317 Main St.,
Boise 83735
ILLINOIS
Department of Employment Security, (2 South),
401 South State St., Chicago 60605
INDIANA
Department of Employment and Training
Services, Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Avenue,
Indianapolis 46204
IOWA
Department of Employment Services, 1000 East
Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
KANSAS
Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka
Avenue, Topeka 66603
KENTUCKY
Department for Employment Services, Labor
Market Research and Analysis Branch,
275 East Main St., Frankfort 40621
LOUISIANA
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
Section, 1001 North 23rd St., Baton Rouge
70804-9094
MAINE
Department of Labor, Division of Economic
Analysis and Research, 20 Union St.,
Augusta 04330
MARYLAND
Department of Employment and Training,
Research and Analysis Division, 1100 North
Eutaw St., Baltimore 21201
MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training,
Government Center, Charles F. Hurley Bldg.,
Boston 02114
MICHIGAN
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 516, 7310
Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
MINNESOTA
Department of Jobs and Training, Research
and Statistics Division, 5th Fl.. 390 North
Robert St., St. Paul 55101
MISSISSIPPI
Employment Security Commission, Labor
Market Information Division, P.O. Box 1699,
Jackson 39215-1699
MISSOURI
Division of Employment Security, P.O Box 59,
Jefferson City 65104
ALABAMA
BLS
Region
VIII MONTANA
Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box
1728, Helena 59624
Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln
68509-4600
IX NEVADA
Employment Security Department, 500 East
3rd St., Carson City 89713
I
NEW HAMPSHIRE Department of Employment Security, 32 South
Mam St.. Concord 03301
II
NEW JERSEY
Department of Labor, Division of Planning and
Research, P.O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
VI NEW MEXICO
Employment Security Commission, 401 Broadway, TIWA Bldg., Albuquerque 87103
II
NEW YORK
Department of Labor, Division of Research and
Statistics, State Campus, Room 400. Bldg. 12,
Albany 12240-0020
IV NORTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 25903,
Raleigh 27611
VIII NORTH DAKOTA Job Service, P.O Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
V OHIO
Bureau of Employment Services, Labor Market
Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd.,
Columbus 43215
VI OKLAHOMA
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,
Oklahoma City 73105
X OREGON
Employment Division, 875 Union St.. NE.,
Salem 97311
III PENNSYLVANIA
Bureau of Research a n d Statistics
300 Capitol A s s o c i a t e s Building
Harrisburg, PA 17120-0034
II
PUERTO RICO
Department of Labor and Human Resources,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 17th Fl., 505 Munoz
Rivera Avenue, Hato Rey 00918 (CES), Bureau
of Employment Security, Research and Analysis
Section, 15th Fl., 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue.
Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
I
RHODE ISLAND
Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason
St.. Providence 02903
IV SOUTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 995,
Columbia 29202
VIII SOUTH DAKOTA Department of Labor, Labor Market Information
Center, P.O. Box 4730, Aberdeen 57401
Department of Employment Security, Research
IV TENNESSEE
and Statistics Division, 519 Cordell Hull Office
Bldg.. Nashville 37219
VI TEXAS
Employment Commission, Room 208-T, 1117
Trinity St., Austin 78778
Department of Employment Security, Labor
VIII UTAH
Market Information Services, P.O. Box 11249,
Salt Lake City 84147
Department of Employment and Training, Office
I
VERMONT
of Policy and Public Information, P.O. Box 488,
Montpelier 05602
Employment Commission, Economic Information
III VIRGINIA
Services, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
53-A, 54-A&B Kronprindsens Gade Charlotte
II
VIRGIN ISLANDS
Amalie, St Thomas 00801-3359 (CES)
Employment Security Department, Labor Market
and Economic Analysis Branch, 605 Woodview
X WASHINGTON
Dr., Olympia 98503
Department of Employment Security, Division
of
Labor and Economic Security. 112 California
III WEST VIRGINIA
Avenue. Charleston 25305
Department of Industry. Labor, and Human
Relations, Labor Market Information Bureau,
V WISCONSIN
201 East Washington Avenue, Madison 53707
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Analysis Section, P.O. Box 2760,
VIII WYOMING
Casper 82602
VII NEBRASKA
@FedFRASER