Full text of Employment and Earnings : April 1997
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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
April 1997
in tliis issue: First quarter 1997 averages
for household survey data
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
iUilJI-Ai • i.)t' l,AH(JK STATISTICS
Kalliiiiinc (i. Abraham, Commissioner
I'.V i-. hni'loMiuint und Eaniuifis (ISSN 0013-6840), is
|nv|iai\ il 111 the Oflirc ofKmploymeiit and Unemployment
SiaiiNiii's ill collaboration with the Office of Publications
.iiiil S|iL'i-ial Studies. The data are collected by the Bureau
ui ilii: Census (Depaitiwent of Commerce) and Stale
ciii|iloviiirul set urily ayeneies, in cooperation with the
lUiiViiii II! I abor SlalisliLS.
brief description of the
,.:iiiipi'raiiM' siaiisiical pni^raiiis of the BLS with these
,11 t ni ici Is invsi iilcd in llie Explanatory Notes and Estimates
ol I'rmi The Slate agencies are listed on the inside back
April 1997
Vol. 44 No.4
Calendar of Features
In addition to the monthly data a p p e a r i n g regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features a p p e a r
in most of the issues as shown below.
Household data
Annual averages
Jan
Union affilialion
Jan.
t.U.-i
Earnings by detailed occupation
Jan.
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Jan.
Revised seasonally adjusted scries
Jan
Quarterly averages; Seasonally a d j u s t e d data,
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J a n , , . \ p r . , July. Oct.
Establishment data
National annual averages:
Indusiry divisions (preliminary)
Jan.
Industry detail
March. June
Women e m p l o y e e s
Mar; !i, June
National data revised to reflect n e w b e n c h m a r k s
and n e w seasonal a d j u s t m e n t factors
June
Revised historical national data
Bulletin'
State and area annual revisions
March
State and area annual averages
May
Area definitions
May
State and area labor force data
Annual revisions
March
Annua! averages
May
' T h e most recent publication w a s issued in August 1996 as
Employmeni
Hours, and Earnings,
United States, 1988-96, BI,S Bulletin 2481. and is
available f r o m . N e w orders, U.S. Superintendent of D o c u m e n t s , P. O. Box
371954, PittsbuiBh, PA 15250-7954, at S35 a copy, G P O Stock Number 029(X)l-03260-9. T h e s e data also are available on the Internet.
Employment and Earnings
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Eugene H. Becker
Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error
Employment and unemployment developments, March 1997
Summary tables and charts
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables
ii
v
1
3
153
190
Statistical tables
Source
Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
Local area labor force data:
Region
State
Area
Household data:
Quarterly averages
C
11
Seasonally
adjusted
Not
seasonally
^jjy^tgj
5
7
16
40
44
49
61
74
74
41
57
92
115
Historical
119
121
133
126
126
142
Monthly Household Data
Historical
A-l. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1963 to date
5
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1986 to date
6
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
A-5. Employed and unemployed full-and part-time workers by sex and age
7
8
10
Characte; istics of the Employed
A-6. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-7. Employed persons by age and sex
11
12
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-8.
A-9.
A-10.
A-l 1.
A-12.
Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
12
13
14
15
15
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment,
educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-16. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
16
19
20
22
Characteristics of the Employed
A-17.
A-l 8.
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-23. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-24. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status ..
A-25. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
23
24
25
26
27
27
28
29
30
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
31
32
33
34
35
35
36
37
Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-34. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
37
•Multiple Jobholders
A-35. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
38
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
38
Monthly Establishment Data
Historical
B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1947 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date
40
41
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory woikers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group
44
46
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change
48
47
States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry
49
Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-11. Average houriy and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfann
payrolls by major industry
57
58
59
60
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-l 2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
61
B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
73
States and Areas
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
74
Hours and Earnings
National
B-I5. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
States and Areas
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas
92
112
113
114
115
Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions
C-2. Labor force status by State
119
121
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
126
Quarterly Household Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
D-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
D-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
D-3. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age
133
134
136
Characteristics of the Employed
D-4. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
D-5. Employed persons by age and sex
137
138
Characteristics of the Unemployed
D-6.
D-7.
D-8.
D-9.
D-10.
Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
138
139
140
141
141
Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
D-11. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
142
D-12. Employment status of the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin population by sex and age
143
Characteristics of the Employed
D-13. Employed white, black, and Hispanic-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and
full-or part-time status
D-14. Employed Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin workers by sex, occupation, class of worker,
and full- or part-time status
D-15. Employed persons by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Characteristics of the Unemployed
144
145
146
D-16. Unemployment rates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
D-17. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
146
147
D-18. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
147
Weekly Earnings Data
D-19. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
D-20. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
148
149
D-21. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex
150
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
D-22. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
D-23. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
151
151
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error
Page
Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series
153
153
154
Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
CPS sample, 1947 to present
Estimating methods
Noninterview adj ustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996)
Tables 1 -B through 1 -H
155
155
155
158
158
159
Establishment data
Collection
Concepts
173
173
173
154
161
161
162
162
163
163
164
164
164
164
164
164
165
165
165
165
166
Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methods table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas
176
176
176
176
176
176
177
178
178
179
179
179
179
180
180
180
183
183
Region, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction
186
186
186
186
186
186
187
Seasonal adjustment
188
187
187
187
187
Employment and Unemployment
Developments, March 1997
Employment rose, and the unemployment rate was about
unchanged at 5.2 percent in March. Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 175,000, and average hourly earnings
rose by 5 cents in March.
Unemployment
The number of unemployed persons, 7.1 million, and the
unemployment rate, 5.2 percent, were essentially unchanged
in March, after seasonal adjustment. Jobless rates for the major
demographic groups—adult men (4.4 percent), adult women
(4.7 percent), teenagers (16.4 percent), whites (4.5 percent),
blacks (10.7 percent), and Hispanics (8.6 percent)—showed
little or no movement over the month. (See tables A-3 and A-4.)
Total employment and the labor force
Total employment rose by 745,000 in March to 129.2 million (seasonally adjusted). The proportion of the population
that was employed (the employment-population ratio) rose to
63.8 percent, an all-time high for this series.
About 7.9 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held
more than one job in March. These multiple jobholders accounted for 6.1 percent of all employed persons. (See table
A-35.)
The civilian labor force increased by 685,000 to 136.3 million (seasonally adjusted), and the labor force participation
rate rose to 67.3 percent. Over the past year, the labor force
has increased by 2.5 million (after adjusting for the change in
population controls introduced in January), and the participation rate has increased by half a percentage point.
Persons not In the labor force
About 1.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were
marginally attached to the labor force in March—that is, they
wanted and were available for work and had looked for jobs
sometime in the prior 12 months. The number of discouraged
workers—a subset of the marginally attached who were not
currently looking for jobs specifically because they believed
no jobs were available for them or there were none for which
they would qualify—was 356,000 in March, down from
451,000 a year earlier. (See table A-34.)
Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 175,000 in March to
121.5 million, after seasonal adjustment. Job gains in a
variety of service-providing industries were somewhat offset by losses in construction and government. (See table B-3.)
The services industry added 111,000jobs in March, slightly
more than the average monthly gain of 100,000 in 1996.
Employment in business services rose by 58,000, as the help
supply industry added 25,000 jobs, and computer and data
processing services continued its robust growth. Employment in health services increased by 22,000, led by a sizable
advance in hospitals. Private education employment also rose.
Employment in retail trade increased by 43,000 in March.
Department stores had large gains in both February and
March, which offset a loss in January. There were aboveaverage increases in March in building supply stores, food
stores, and miscellaneous retail establishments. Eating and
drinking places had a large employment decline, after seasonal adjustment, reflecting hghter-than-usual March hiring.
Employment in finance continued to grow in March,
primarily in banks and security and mortgage brokerages.
Strong growth also continued in real estate, which has added
53,000 jobs in the past year. Wholesale trade posted a large
job gain for the second month in a row. Employment in transportation and public utilities rose modestly after 2 months of
large increases.
Manufacturing employment edged up by 16,000 in March,
with the largest increases occurring in lumber and industrial
machinery. Factory employment has increased by 74,000
since September, following a loss of 319,000 from its recent
peak in March 1995. The recent growth has been concentrated in the durable goods industries, especially industrial
machinery and aircraft.
Construction employment fell by 27,000 in March, following an increase of 108,000 in February. The unusual winter weather patterns this year and last have caused large fluctuations in the construction employment series, even after
seasonal adjustment. Nevertheless, monthly job gains in
construction have averaged 30,000 since October, compared
with an average gain of 22,000 in the prior 12 months.
A decrease in government employment of 19,000 reflected
a decline of 14,000 in local education, after seasonal adjustment, following gains in the prior 2 months. Employment in
State government was unchanged, while Federal employment
continued to decline.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hornin March, to 34.8 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek rose by 0.2 hour to 42.1 hours, a very high
level by historical standards. Factory overtime advanced by
0.2 hour to 4.9 hours, the highest level since the series began
in 1956. (See table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls, at 140.5
(1982=100) in March, was little changed, after seasonal adjustment, as the rise in employment offset the decline in the
average workweek. The manufacturing index increased by 0.5
percent to 107.4. (See table B-9.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of private production or
nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls rose by 5 cents in
March to $12.15, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings edged up by 0.1 percent to $422.82, reflecting the largely
offsetting movements of higher hourly earnings and a slightiy
shorter workweek. Over the past year, average hourly earnings rose by 4.0 percent, and average weekly earnings increased
by 4.9 percent. (See table B-11.)
Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month
Release date
Reference month
Release date
April
May 2
July
August 1
May
June 6
August
September 5
June
July 3
September
October 3
Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
Category
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
Aug.
July
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Labor force status
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population
Unemployed
Not in labor force
199,921 200,101 200,278 200,459 200,641 200,847 201,061 201,273 201,463 201,636 202,285 202,389 202,513
133,464 133,427 133,759 133,709 134,165 133,898 134,291 134,636 134,831 135,022 135,848 135,634 136,319
67.2
67.0
67.3
66.7
66.9
66.7
66.8
66.9
66.9
67.0
66.7
66.8
66.8
126,062 126,125 126,428 126,590 126,889 126,988 127,248 127,617 127,644 127,855 128,580 128,430 129,175
63.4
63.6
63.5
63.8
63.2
63.2
63.2
63.3
63.4
63.4
63.1
63.0
63.1
7,043
7,187
7,167
7,268
7,205
7,144
7,331
7,119
7,276
6,910
7,019
7,402
7,302
66,457 66,674 66,519 66,750 66,476 66,949 66,770 66,637 66,632 66,614 66,437 66,754 66,194
Unemployment rates
All workers
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 t o 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin
NOTE: Beginning in January
5.5
4.9
4.8
17.1
4.8
10.8
9.8
5.5
4.8
4.7
16.8
4.8
10.5
9.5
5.5
4.7
4.9
16.6
4.8
10.3
9.2
5.3
4.6
4.7
16.2
4.6
10.2
8.8
1997, data reflect revised population
5.4
4.6
4.9
16.7
4.7
10.5
8.9
5.2
4.2
4.7
17.0
4.5
10.4
8.8
5.2
4.5
4.6
16.0
4.5
10.7
8.3
5.2
4.4
4.7
16.3
4.5
10.7
8.2
5.3
4.4
4.8
16.8
4.6
10.6
8.3
5.3
4.4
4.9
16.5
4.6
10.5
7.7
5.4
4.6
4.6
17.0
4.6
10.8
8.3
5.3
4.4
4.7
17.5
4.5
11.3
8.1
5.2
4.4
4.7
16.4
4.5
10.7
8.6
controls used in the household survey.
Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbera in thousands)
1997
1996
Industry
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb."
Mar."
120,311
100,803
24,284
566
5,464
18,254
96,027
6,338
6,643
21,803
7,026
34,709
19,508
120,492
100,995
24,319
566
5,491
18,262
96,173
6,350
6,651
21,857
7,038
34,780
19,497
120,723
101,199
24,356
566
5,520
18,270
96,367
6,340
6,655
21,931
7,052
34,865
19,524
120,982
101,438
24,399
568
5,535
18,296
96,583
6,378
6,662
21,922
7,062
35,015
19,544
121,275
101,688
24,513
571
5,643
18,299
96,762
6,404
6,689
21,928
7,072
35,082
19,587
121,450
101,882
24,501
570
5,616
18,315
96,949
6,415
6,708
21,971
7,094
35,193
19,568
261
272
27
-1
15
13
234
1
24
101
17
102
-11
181
192
35
0
27
8
146
12
8
54
12
71
-11
231
204
37
0
29
8
194
-10
4
74
14
85
27
259
239
43
2
15
26
216
38
7
-9
10
ISO
20
293
250
114
3
108
3
179
26
27
6
10
67
43
175
194
-12
-1
-27
16
187
11
19
43
22
111
-19
343
41.7
4.4
34.6
41.7
4.5
34.8
42.0
4.6
34.2
41.7
4.7
34.9
41.9
47
34.8
42.1
49
140.6
106.9
140.5
107.4
Sept.
Employment
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Constmction
Manufacturing
Sen/ice-producing industries
Transportatton and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
118.750
99,356
24,196
574
5,341
18,281
94,554
6,292
6,548
21,350
6,931
34,039
19,394
118,922
99,527
24,209
573
5,353
18,283
94,713
6,294
6,550
21,415
6,942
34,117
19,395
119,332
99,873
24,263
576
5,384
18,303
95,069
6,309
6,567
21,485
6,964
34,285
19,459
119,537
100,091
24,274
575
5,401
18.298
95,263
6,329
6,575
21,568
6,967
34,378
19,446
119,772
100,288
24,264
570
5,427
18,267
95,508
6,333
6,585
21,671
6,987
34,448
19,484
120,052
100,446
24,298
570
5,437
18,291
95,754
6,342
6,603
21,672
6,999
34,532
19,606
120,050
100,531
24,257
567
5,449
18,241
95,793
6,337
6,619
21,702
7,009
34,607
19,519
Over-the-month change
Total private
Goods-producing industnes
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
171
142
-58
1
-8
-51
229
22
19
10
12
137
29
172
171
13
-1
12
2
159
2
2
65
11
78
1
410
346
54
3
31
20
356
15
17
70
22
168
64
205
218
11
-1
17
-5
194
20
8
83
3
93
-13
235
197
-10
-5
26
-31
245
4
10
103
20
70
38
280
158
34
0
10
24
246
9
18
1
12
84
122
-2
85
-41
-3
12
-50
39
-5
16
30
10
75
-87
Hours of work'
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime
34.5
41.3
4.3
34.3
41.5
4.6
34.2
41.7
4.6
34.7
41.8
4.6
34.2
41.6
4.4
34.4
41.7
45
34.7
41.7
45
indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100)'
Total private
Manufacturing
135.5
105.2
135.2
105.7
135.3
106.2
137.7
106.5
136.1
105.8
136.9
106.3
138.0
105.9
137.1
105.9
138.2
106.1
139.3
106.8
137.1
106.1
$11.90
7.41
408.17
$11.99
7.45
414.85
$12.04
7.46
418.99
$12.05
7.46
412.11
Earnings'
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars^
Average weekly eamings, total private
$11.68
7.40
402.96
$11.72
7.40
402.00
$11.74
7.40
401.51
$11.83
7.45
410.50
' Data relate to private production or nonsupervlsory workers.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W)
is used to deflate these series.
$11.81
7.42
403.90
$11.87
7.45
408.33
$11.91
7.45
413.28
N.A. = not available.
» = preliminary,
$12.10
$12.15
7.47
N.A.
422.29 $422.82
Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 1993-97
Thousands
Thousands
122,000
122,000
1993
1994
1995
1997
1996
Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1993-97
Percent
Percent
8.0
8.0
7.0
7.0
v—\
6.0 _
6.0
V V
-
...
5.0
5.0
4.0
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
4.0
NOTE: Beginning In 1990, data reflect 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount. Beginning in 1994, data reflect the introduction of a major redesign of the Current
Population Sun/ey. Beginning in 1997, data incorporate revisions in the population controls used in the
survey. These changes affect comparability with data for prior periods.
A-1. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population 16 years and over, 1963 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month
Civilian
noninstitutlonal
population
Unemployed
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Percent
of
population
Number
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Annual averages
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
55.4
55.7
56.2
56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602
1970
1971
1972'
1973'
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978'
1979
137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863
82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962
60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9
3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347
75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986'
1987
1988
1989
167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393
106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869
63.8
63.9
64,0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65,3
65.6
65.9
66.5
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342
59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0
3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199
95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142
7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528
7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3
60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523
1990'
1991
1992
1993
1994'
1995
1996
189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440
3,443
115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123,264
7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted'
1996:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
199,921
200,101
200,278
200,459
200,641
200,847
201,061
201,273
201,463
201,636
133,464
133,427
133,759
133,709
134,165
133,898
134,291
134,636
134,831
135,022
66.8
66.7
66.8
66.7
66.9
66.7
66.8
66.9
66.9
67.0
126,062
126,125
126,428
126,590
126,889
126,988
127,248
127,617
127,644
127,855
63.1
63.0
63.1
63.2
63.2
63.2
63.3
63.4
63.4
63.4
3,470
3,412
3,474
3,408
3,470
3,418
3,480
3,450
3,354
3,426
122,592
122,713
122,954
123,182
123,419
123,570
123,768
124,167
124,290
124,429
7,402
7,302
7,331
7,119
7,276
6,910
7,043
7,019
7,187
7,167
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.3
66,457
66,674
66,519
66,750
66,476
66,949
66,770
66,637
66,632
66,614
1997:
January"
February
March
202,285
202,389
202,513
135,848
135,634
136,319
67.2
67.0
67.3
128,580
128,430
129,175
63.6
63.5
63.8
3,468
3,292
3,386
125,112
125,138
125,789
7,268
7,205
7,144
5.4
5.3
5.2
66,437
66,754
66,194
^ Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
' The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
^ Beginning In January 1997, data are not strictly comparable with data
for 1996 and earlier years because of revisions in the population controls
used in the household survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in the February
1997 issue of this publication.
A-2. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population 16 years and over by sex, 1986 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Sex, year,
and month
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Number
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Agriculture
Not In
labor
force
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802
62,559
61,634
61,866
62,871
63,896
64,818
65,634
4,530
4,101
3,655
3,525
3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983
3,880
6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2
5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
20,376
20,692
20,930
20,923
21,367
22,110
22,306
22,927
23,538
23,818
24,119
Nonagricuiturai
industries
Annual
MEN
1986'
1987
1988
1989
1990'
1991
1992
1993
1994'
1995
1996
85,798
86,899
87,857
88,762
90,377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95,178
96,206
65,422
66,207
66,927
67,840
69,011
69,168
69,964
70,404
70,817
71,360
72,087
76.3
76.2
76.2
76.4
76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315
65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207
71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5
72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513
2,546
2,589
2,575
2,478
2,554
2,559
2,573
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted®
1996:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
95,864
95,955
96,048
96,140
96,230
96,335
96,447
96,556
96,654
96,742
71,936
71,922
72,120
72,110
72,317
71,961
72,087
72,363
72,362
72,414
75.0
75.0
75.1
75.0
75.2
74.7
74.7
74.9
74.9
74,9
67,856
67,932
68,188
68,251
68,376
68,368
68,304
68,647
68,589
68,707
70.8
70.8
71.0
71.0
71.1
71.0
70.8
71.1
71.0
71.0
2,577
2,532
2,584
2,535
2,585
2,550
2,592
2,607
2,525
2,618
65,279
65,400
65,604
65,716
65,791
65,818
65,712
66,040
66,064
66,089
4,080
3,990
3,932
3,859
3,941
3,593
3,783
3,716
3,773
3,707
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.0
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.1
23,928
24,033
23,928
24,030
23,913
24,374
24,360
24,193
24,292
24,328
1997:
January®
February
March
97,264
97,320
97,387
73,106
72,987
73,268
75.2
75.0
75.2
69,164
69,232
69,478
71.1
71.1
71.3
2,611
2,470
2,585
66,553
66,763
66,894
3,942
3,755
3,790
5.4
5.1
5.2
24,158
24,333
24,118
48,054
49,668
51,020
52,341
53,011
52,815
53,380
54,273
55,755
56,642
57,630
3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003
3,140
3,683
4,090
3,885
3,629
3,421
3,356
7.1
6.2
5,6
5.4
5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
42,376
42,195
42,014
41,601
41,957
42,468
42,394
42,711
42,221
42,462
42,528
Annual averages
WOMEN
1986'
1987
1988
1989
1990'
1991
1992
1993
1994'
1995
1996
94,789
95,853
96,756
97,630
98,787
99,646
100,535
101,506
102,460
103,406
104,385
52,413
53,658
54,742
56,030
56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
60,944
61,857
55.3
56.0
56.6
57.4
57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027
53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523
58,501
51.4
52.5
53.4
54.3
54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
652
666
676
687
678
680
672
637
855
881
871
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted'
1996:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
104,058
104,146
104,230
104,319
104,411
104,512
104,614
104,717
104,809
104,894
61,528
61,505
61,639
61,599
61,848
61,937
62,204
62,273
62,469
62,608
59.1
59.1
59.1
59.0
59.2
59.3
59.5
59.5
59.6
59.7
58,206
58,193
58,240
58,339
58,513
58,620
58,944
58,970
59,055
59,148
55.9
55.9
55.9
55.9
56.0
56.1
56.3
56.3
56.3
56.4
893
880
890
873
885
868
888
843
829
808
57,313
57,313
57,350
57,466
57,628
57,752
58,056
58,127
58,226
58,340
3,322
3,312
3,399
3,260
3,335
3,317
3,260
3,303
3,414
3,460
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.5
5.5
42,530
42,641
42,591
42,720
42,563
42,575
42,410
42,444
42,340
42,286
1997:
January®
Febmary
March
105,022
105,068
105,127
62,742
62,647
63,051
59.7
59.6
60.0
59,416
59,197
59,697
56.6
56.3
56.8
857
822
802
58,559
58,375
58,895
3,327
3,450
3,354
5.3
5.5
5.3
42,279
42,421
42,076
' Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and
Estimates of Error.
2 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
' Beginning in January 1997, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1996 and
eariier years because of revisions in the population controls used in the household
survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey
Effective January 1997" in the Febmary 1997 issue of this publication.
A-3. Employment sUitiM of the civilian noninstitutionai population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
sex, and ag*
1997
1996
Employment status,
1
Mar.
Apr.
June
May
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutionai population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
199,921 200,101 200,278 200,459 200,641 200,847 201,0611201,273 201,463 201,636 202,285 202,389 202,513
133,464 133,427 133,759 133,709 134,165 133,898 134,291 134,636 134,831 135,022 135,848 135,634 136,319
67.2
66.7
66.9
66.7
66.8
66.9
66.9
67.0
67.0
67.3
66.8
66.7
66.8
126,062 126,125 126,428 126,590 126,889 126,988 127,248 127,617 127,644 127,855 128,580 128,430 129,175
63.4
63.4
63.4
63.2
63.2
63.2
63.3
63.6
63.5
63.8
63.1
63.0
63.1
7,402 7,302 7,331 7,119 7,276 6,910 7,0431 7,019 7,187 7,167 7,268 7,205 7,144
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.5
5.5
Men, 16 y M r * and
Civilian noninstitutionel population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural induMries
Unemployed
Unemployment rata
Not in labor force
95,864
71,936
75.0
67,856
70.8
2,577
65,279
4,080
5.7
23,928
95,955
71,922
75.0
67,932
70.8
2,532
65,400
3,990
5.5
24,033
96,048
72,120
75.1
68,188
71.0
2,584
65,604
3,932
5.5 !
23,928
96,140
72,110
75.0
68,251
71.0
2,535
65,716
3,859
5.4
24,030
96,230
72,317
75.2
68,376
71.1
2,585
65,791
3,941
5.4
23,913
96,335
71,961
74.7
68,368
71.0
2,550
65,818
3,593
5.0
24,374
96,447
72,087
74.7
68,304
70.8
2,592
65,712
3,783
5.2
24,360
96,556 1 96,654
72,363 72,362
74.9
74.9
68,647 68,589
71.1
71.0
2,607 2,525
66,040 66,064
3,716 3,773
5.1
5.2
24,193 24,292
96,742
72,414
74.9
68,707
71.0
2,618
66,089
3,707
5.1
24,328
97,264
73,106
75.2
69,164
71.1
2,611
66,553
3,942
5.4
24,158
97,320
72,987
75.0
69,232
71.1
2,470
66,763
3,755
5.1
24,333
97,387
73,268
75.2
69,478
71.3
2,585
66,894
3,790
5.2
24,118
88,366
67,886
76.8
64,562
73.1
2,376
62,186
3,324
4.9
20,480
88,440
67,829
76.7
64,573
73.0
2,310
62,263
3,256
4.8
20,611
88,530
67,996
76.8
64,788
73.2
2,342
62,446
3,208
4.7
20,534
88,570
68,088
76.9
64,933
73.3
2,318
62,615
3,155
4.6
20,482
88,614
68,222
77.0
65,071
73.4
2,366
62,705
3,151
4.6
20,392
88,650
68,044
76.8
65,165
73.5
2,347
62,818
2,879
4.2
20,606
88,733
68,056
76.7
64,978
73.2
2,366
62,612
3,078
4.5
20,677
88,840
68,273
76.8
65,299
73.5
2,400
62,899
2,974
4.4
20,567
88,971
68,391
76.9
65,349
73.4
2,355
62,994
3,042
4.4
20,580
89,040
68,369
76.8
65,367
73.4
2,356
63,011
3,002
4.4
20,671
89,446
68,998
77.1
65,813
73.6
2,364
63,449
3,185
4.6
20,449
89,556
68,827
76.9
65,818
73.5
2,276
63,542
3,009
4.4
20,729
89,604
69,111
77.1
66,066
73.7
2,362
63,703
3,045
4.4
20,493
104,058
61,528
59.1
58,206
55.9
893
57,313
3,322
5.4
42,530
104,146
61,505
59.1
58,193
55.9
880
57,313
3,312
5.4
42,641
104,230
61,639
59.1
58,240
55.9
890
57,350
3,399
5.5
42,591
104,319 104,411
61,599 61,848
59.0
59.2
58,339 58,513
55.9
56.0
873
885
57,466 57,628
3,260 1 3,335
5.3
5.4
42,720 42,563
104,512
61,937
59.3
58,620
56.1
868
57,752
3,317
5.4
42,575
104,614
62,204
59.5
58,944
56.3
888
58,056
3,260
5.2
42,410
104,717
62,273
59.5
58,970
56.3
843
58,127
3,303
5.3
42,444
104,809
62,469
59.6
59,055
56.3
829
58,226
3,414
5.5
42,340
104,894
62,608
59.7
59,148
56.4
808
58,340
3,460
5.5
42,286
105,022
62,742
59.7
59,416
56.6
857
58,559
3,327
5.3
42,279
96,798
57,803
59.7
55,054
56.9
842
54,212
2,749
4.8
38,995
96,857
57,817
59.7
55,075
56.9
842
54,233
2,742
4.7
39,040
97,146
58,230
59.9
55,498
57.1
826
54,672
2,732
4.7
38,916
97,226
58,349
60.0
55,644
57.2
844
54,800
2,705
4.6
38,877
97,290
58,432
60.1
55,681
57.2
800
54,881
2,751
4.7
38,858
97,366
58,574
60.2
55,753
57.3
786
54,967
2,821
4.8
38,792
97,457
58,728
60.3
55,871
57.3
772
55,099
2,857
4.9
38,729
97,520
58,894
60.4
56,165
57.6
797
55,369
2,729
4.6
38,626
Men, 20 yaare anal evar
Civilian noninstitutionai population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rata
Not in labor force
Woman, K
yaera and evar
Civilian noninstitutionai population'
Civilian labor forca
Percent of populatton
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
105,068 105,127
62,647 63,051
59.6
60.0
59,197 59,697
56.3 1 56.8
802
8221!
58,375 58,895
3,450 3,354
5.5
5.3
42,421 42,076
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutionai population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural indualrisa
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both
aaxM,
96,925 96,999
57,885 57,909
59.7!;
59.7
55,067;1 55,196
56.8
56.9
831
835
54,236 54,361
2,818 2,713
4.9
4.7
39,040 39,090
97,571
58,743
60.2
55,9551
57.3
775
55,179
2,788
4.7
38,828
97,638
59,130
60.6
56,359
57.7
739
55,620
2,771
4.7
38,508
1 t M 1* yaara
Civilian noninstitutionai population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
14,757 14,805
7,775 7,781
52.7
52.6
6,446 6,477
43.7
43.7
252
260
6,194 6,217
1,329 1,304ji
16.8!(
17.1
6,982 7,0241
14,823 14,890 14,963 15,051 15,101 15,143 15,126 15,139 15,318
7,878 7,712 7,804 7,624 7,886 7,931 7,866 7,925 7,956
53.1
52.2
50.7
52.2
52.4
52.0
51.8
52.3
51.9
6,573 6,461 6,503 6,325 6,626 6,637 6,542 6,617 6,6011
44.3
43.4
43.5
42.0
43.9
43.8
43.3
43.7
43.1
301
255
257
245
270
250
213
298
307
6,272 6,206 6,246 6,080 6,356 6,387 6,329 6,319 6,294
1,305 1,251 1,301 1,299 1,260 1,294 1,324 1,308 1,354
16.2
16.7
17.0
I6.0I 16.3
16.6
16.8
16.5
17.0
6,945 7,178 7,159 7,427 7,215 7,212 7,260 7,214 7,362
' The population figurm are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the •eaK>mlly adjusted data shown in tables A-3
through A-12 will not nscassarily add to totals because of the independent
97,064
58,139
59.9
55,315
57.0
847
54,468
2,824
4.9
38,925
15,261 15,271
8,065 8,078
52.9
52.8
6,657 6,750
44.2
43.6
240
285
6,417 6,465
1,408 1,328
16.4
17.5
7,196 7,193
seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 1997, data
reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.
A-4. Employment status of trw c M i a n nonlnstltutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment statue,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1996
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
1997
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
IMar.
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutlonal pO|)ul«tion< .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio .
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate
167,853 167,973 168,098 168,222 168,345 168,489 168,639 168,788 168,924 169,044 169,436 169,492 169,56*
112,827 112,720 113,025 112,940 113,139 112,904 113,334 113,625 113,816 113,991 114,377 114,333 114,73fe
67.2
67.1
67.2
67.1
67.2
67.0
67.2
67.4
67.3
67.4
67.5
67.7
67.5
107,398 107,364 107,576 107,733 107,862 107,853 108,217 108,527 108,570 108,734 109,151 109,197 109,636
64.0
64.0
63.9
64.0
64.1
64.0
64.2
64.3
64.3
64.3
64.4
64.4
64.7
5,429 5,356 5,449 5,207 5,277 5,051 5,117 5,098 5,246 5,257 5,226 5,136 5,10*
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.6
4.7
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.S
4.5
Men, 20 y e a n antf over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-poputatkNi ratio .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
58,229 58,193 58,261 58,366 58,432 58,347 58,343 58,539 58,549 58,623 59,042 58,968 59,161
77.4
77.3
77.3
77.4
77.4
77.3
77.2
77.4
77.3
77.4
77.7
77.5
77.7
55,749 55,765 55,861 55,992 56,085 56,143 56,042 56,294 56,276 56,356 56,653 56,692 56,92i
74.1
74.1
74.3
74.4
74.4
74.0
74.3
74.2
74.4
74.3
74.5
74.5
74.i
2,480 2,428 2,400 2,374 2,347 2,204 2,301 2,245 2,273 2,267 2,388 2,275 2,23i
4.3
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.0
3.8
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.9
4.0
3.9
3.1
Womeo, 30 years smI over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-poputMlen ratio .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
48,051 47,977 48,114 47,992 48,074 48,162 48,314 48,380 48,558 48,686 48,631 48,619 48,832
59.4
59.3
59.4
59.2
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.6
59.8
59.9
59.8
59.8
60.0
46,062 45,984 46,010 46,075 46,097 46,232 46,394 46,439 46,530 46,614 46,750 46,747 46,915
56.9
56.8
56.8
56.9
56.9
57.0
57.2
57.2
57.3
57.3
57.5
57.5
57.7
1,989 1,993 2,104 1,917 1,977 1,930 1,920 1,941 2,028 2,072 1,881 1,872 1,917
4.1
4.2
4.4
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.2
4.3
3.9
3.9
3.i
•oth Mxea, I I to I t yoera
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-poputatlon ratio ,
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
6,547
56.0
5,587
47.8
960
14.7
15.9
13.3
6,550
55.9
5,615
47.9
935
14.3
15.3
13.1
6,650
56.5
5,705
48.5
945
14.2
15.3
13.0
6,582
55.7
5,666
48.0
916
13.9
14.9
12.8
6,633
56.0
5,680
48.0
953
14.4
16.1
12.4
6,395
53.8
5,478
46.1
917
14.3
15.7
12.9
6,677
56.0
5,781
48.5
896
13.4
14.8
11.9
6,706
56.1
5,794
48.5
912
13.6
15.4
11.6
6,709
56.0
5,764
48.1
945
14.1
15.5
12.6
6,682
55.6
5,764
48.0
918
13.7
14.8
12.6
6,704
55.3
5,747
47.4
957
14.3
14.9
13.6
6,746
55.6
5,758
47.5
988
14.6
14.6
14.7
6,74t
5,79i
47.7
951
14.1
15.0
13.1
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutlonal population^ .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
23,485 23,519 23,549 23,579 23,611 23,650 23,690 23,728 23,762 23,794 23,847 23,872 23,895
15,019 15,004 15,138 15,010 15,212 15,297 15,184 15,276 15,290 15,306 15,372 15,408 15,439
64.0
63.8
64.3
63.7
64.4
64.7
64.1
64.4
64.3
64.3
64.5
64.5
64.6
13,401 13,432 13,584 13,478 13,612 13,699 13,566 13,647 13,673 13,693 13,709 13,672 13,784
57.1
57.1
57.7
57.2
57.7
57.9
57.3
57.5
57.5
57.5
57.5
57.3
57.7
1,618 1,572 1,554 1,532 1,600 1,598 1,618 1,629 1,617 1,613 1,663 1,736 1,658
10.4
10.7
10.8
10.5
10.3
10.2
10.5
10.7
10.6
10.5
10.8
11.3
10.7
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,776
72.3
6,080
64.8
696
10.3
6,724
71.6
6,081
64.8
643
9.6
6,793
72.3
6,144
65.4
649
9.6
6,757
71.8
6,133
65.2
624
9.2
6,848
72.7
6,212
65.9
636
9.3
6,874
73.0
6,301
66.9
573
8.3
6,834
72.6
6,174
65.6
660
9.7
6,838
72.4
6,199
65.6
639
9.3
6,899
72.7
6,264
66.0
635
9.2
6,833
72.0
6,235
65.7
598
8.8
6,829
71.8
6,198
65.2
632
9.2
6,765
71.0
6,159
64.7
605
9.0
6,803
71
6,173
65.0
629
9.3
7,304
62.0
6,689
56.7
615
8.4
7,319
62.0
6,706
56.8
613
8.4
7,374
62.4
6,757
57.2
617
8.4
7,377
62.4
6,746
57.1
631
8.6
7,457
63.0
6,797
57.4
660
8.9
7,477
63.1
6,802
57.4
675
9.0
7,435
62.7
6,788
57.2
647
8.7
7,487
63.0
6,822
57.4
665
8.9
7,499
63.0
6,833
57.4
666
8.9
7,544
63.3
6,851
57.5
693
9.2
7,574
63.4
6,880
57.6
694
9.2
7,636
63.9
6,851
57.3
785
10.3
7,641
63.9
6,934
57.9
706
9.2
Women, 20 years and ovor
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio .
Unemployed....
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
A-4. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1997
1996
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployment rate
Men
939
40.5
632
27.2
307
32.7
36.3
29.1
961
41.3
645
27.7
316
32.9
34.9
30.8
971
41.5
683
29.2
288
29.7
30.0
29.3
876
37.3
599
25.5
277
31.6
36.6
26.9
907
38.5
603
25.6
304
33.5
43.0
22.4
946
39.6
596
25.0
350
37.0
38.2
35.8
915
38.0
604
25.1
311
34.0
37.2
30.9
951
39.6
626
26.1
325
34.2
36.5
31.9
892
37.5
576
24.2
316
35.4
41.2
30.0
929
38.9
607
25.4
322
34.7
38.6
31.2
969
40.4
631
26.3
337
34.8
42.7
27.5
1,007
42.0
662
27.6
346
34.3
37.4
31.3
996
41.1
676
27.9
319
32.1
41.4
23.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian nonlnstltutional population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
19,025 19,080 19,131 19,184 19,238 19,292 19,346 19,398 19,454 19,505 20,013 20,067 20,119
12,543 12,552 12,602 12,624 12,697 12,864 12,871 12,989 13,182 13,150 13,795 13,640 13,662
68.0
67.9
68.9
67.4
67.8
66.7
67.0
66.5
66.0
65.9
65.8
65.8
65.9
11,320 11,357 11,438 11,510 11,567 11,736 11,801 11,928 12,094 12,141 12,653 12,538 12,493
62.1
63.2
62.5
62.2
62.2
61.5
60.8
61.0
60.1
59.8
60.0
59.5
59.5
1,169
1,009
1,142
1,102
1,088
1,128
1,070
1,061
1,130
1,114
1,164
1,223
1,195
8.3
8.1
8.6
7.7
8.3
8.2
8.8
8.3
8.9
8.8
9.2
9.8
9.5
' The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanlcs are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
A-5. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age
1996
1997
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
102,699
60,271
59,056
42,389
41,612
2,031
102,812
60,388
59,216
42,430
41,659
1,937
103,362
60,792
59,487
42,542
41,704
2,171
103,348
60,713
59,498
42,692
41,843
2,007
103,648
60,895
59,660
42,806
41,956
2,032
103,733
60,970
59,792
42,793
42,019
1,922
104,303
61,096
59,810
43,187
42,351
2,142
104,598
61,244
60,021
43,342
42,495
2,082
104,645
61,346
60,119
43,303
42,450
2,076
104,654
61,289
60,056
43,358
42,451
2,147
105,089
61,603
60,392
43,365
42,541
2,156
105,151
61,867
60,691
43,151
42,287
2,173
105,721
61,688
60,432
43,900
42,991
2,298
EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
23,287 23,236 23,006 23,187 23,208 23,294 23,163 23,037 23,145 23,222 23,530 23,370 23,472
7,517
7,504
7,328 7,542
7,507 7,474
7,376 7,397
7,294
7,411
7,510
7,284 7,695
5,442
5,334 5,174
5,428 5,416 5,449 5,320
5,292 5,255
5,321
5,418
5,133
5,577
15,749 15,736 15,708 15,664 15,699 15,812 15,776 15,657 15,816 15,802 16,027 16,064 15,759
13,412 13,395 13,379 13,317 13,331 13,427 13,334 13,191 13,397 13,427 13,633 13,698 13,365
4,507 4,453 4,442 4,461
4,433
4,418 4,509 4,554 4,493 4,474 4,479 4,540 4,531
UNEMPLOYED
Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5,943
3,409
3,057
2,502
2,217
669
5,876
3,365
3,001
2,512
2,233
642
5,903
3,329
2,940
2,594
2,316
647
5,688
3,269
2,898
2,462
2,240
550
5,813
3,269
2,875
2,534
2,341
597
5,479
3,084
2,636
2,463
2,192
651
5,644
3,287
2,895
2,389
2,108
641
5,664
3,216
2,761
2,489
2,218
685
5,800
3,240
2,816
2,587
2,305
679
5,754
3,170
2,762
2,608
2,313
679
5,809
3,238
2,871
2,495
2,199
738
5,706
3,088
2,780
2,526
2,219
707
5,736
3,140
2,782
2,537
2,289
665
Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
1,481
638
269
812
533
679
1,448
628
260
811
519
669
1,453
617
270
826
525
658
1,384
623
255
787
447
682
1,481
676
266
813
520
695
1,453
604
260
839
538
655
1,369
515
198
838
555
616
1,368
552
225
818
533
610
1,384
570
227
830
513
644
1,425
548
237
902
560
628
1,426
614
277
800
523
626
1,497
588
249
918
558
690
1,428
593
269
804
477
682
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
5.5
5.4
4.9
5.6
5.1
24.8
5.4
5.3
4.8
5.6
5.1
24.9
5.4
5.2
4.7
5.7
5.3
23.0
5.2
5.1
4.6
5.5
5.1
21.5
5.3
5.1
4.6
5.6
5.3
22.7
5.0
4.8
4.2
5.4
5.0
25.3
5.1
5.1
4.6
5.2
4.7
23.0
5.1
5.0
4.4
5.4
5.0
24.8
5.3
5.0
4.5
5.6
5.2
24.6
5.2
4.9
4.4
5.7
5.2
24.0
5.2
5.0
4.5
5.4
4.9
25.5
5.1
4.8
4.4
5.5
5.0
24.5
5.1
4.8
4.4
5.5
5.1
22.5
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
6.0
7.8
4.7
4.9
3.8
13.3
5.9
7.7
4.6
4.9
3.7
12.9
5.9
7.8
5.0
5.0
3.8
12.9
5.6
7.6
4.5
4.8
3.2
13.3
6.0
8.3
4.7
4.9
3.8
13.5
5.9
7.5
4.6
5.0
3.9
12.9
5.6
6.5
3.6
5.0
4.0
12.0
5.6
6.9
4.1
5.0
3.9
11.8
5.6
7.2
4.1
5.0
3.7
12.5
5.8
6.9
4.3
5.4
4.0
12.3
5.7
7.6
4.9
4.8
3.7
12.3
6.0
7.5
4.6
5.4
3.9
13.2
5.7
7.2
4.6
4.9
3.4
13.1
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES'
^ These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor
force and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication
prior to 1994.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
A-6. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1997
1996
Category
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
IMARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
IWarried women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
126,062 126,125 126,428 126,590 126,889 126,988 127,248 127,617 127,644 127,855 128,580 128,430 129,175
42,223 42,127 42,395 42,520 42,503 42,588 42,330 42,617 42,631 42,607 42,909 42,513 42,509
32,168 31,983 32,339 32,456 32,634 32,665 32,679 32,537 32,509 32,631 32,826 32,578 32,699
7,556 7,720
7,372
7,366 7,323
7,364
7,253 7,338
7,420 7,392 7,444 7,500 7,501
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
36,098 36,116 36,271 36,667 36,505 36,605 36,759 36,917 37,177 37,234 37,478 37,525 37,723
37,751 37,584
16,843 17,033
13,602 13,572
18,106 18,206
3,613
3,561
37,818 37,812 37,951
17,343 17,435 17,295
13,660 13,681 13,587
18,031 18,069 18,235
3,515
3,557 3,565
37,821 37,902 38,163
17,408 17,271 17,171
13,508 13,574 13,902
18,259 18,310 18,317
3,445 3,496 3,528
38,073 38,158
17,170 17,292
14,140 14,200
18,144 18,234
3,388 3,507
37,615
17,318
13,469
18,311
3,575
37,636
17,191
13,559
18,159
3,502
37,762
17,281
13,482
18,292
3,565
1,957
1,472
48
1,883
1,490
36
1,860
1,546
53
1,814
1,525
64
1,834
1,557
91
1,813
1,560
71
1,829
1,464
68
1,878
1,475
66
1,988
1,448
62
1,932
1,353
15
1,905
1,414
59
113,535 113,577 113,940 114,000
95,394 95,270 95,700 95,720
873
925
829
911
94,483 94,397 94,775 94,891
18,141 18,307 18,240 18,280
9,041 9,045 8,882 9,027
104
127
105
121
114,278
95,998
930
95,068
18,280
8,984
128
114,539
96,274
973
95,301
18,265
8,896
122
114,765
96,673
981
95,692
18,092
8,811
129
115,018
96,886
992
95,894
18,132
8,967
137
115,133
96,863
956
95,907
18,270
9,023
140
115,212
96,946
934
96,012
18,266
9,109
149
115,560
97,176
1,002
96,174
18,385
9,445
162
115,987
97,843
882
96,962
18,144
9,124
136
116,533
98,539
869
97,671
17,994
9,292
108
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1,863
1,560
43
1,852
1,502
51
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME'
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
4,451 4,466 4,311 4,325 4,338 4,339 4,302 4,286 3,983 4,338 4,426 4,262 4,153
2,507 2,581 2,255 2,391 2,552 2,437
2,423
2,378 2,344
2,398 2,258 2,107 2,353
1,608
1,577
1,704
1,584
1,549
1,596
1,617
1,683
1,559
1,653
1,552
1,550
1,518
17,743 17,712 17,643 17,960 17,877 18,184 17,823 17,754 17,957 17,868 18,340 18,070 18,120
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
4,224 4,251 4,109 4,161 4,150 4,182 4,130 4,118
2,363 2,462 2,136 2,282 2,422 2,310 2,284 2,147
1,543
1,655
1,573
1,558
1,517
1,588
1,580
1,647
17,114 17,068 17,039 17,298 17,250 17,555 17,204 17,123
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their
jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, Illness, or
Industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who
usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week
3,815 4,162 4,163 4,098 3,937
2,001 2,214 2,310 2,277 2,210
1,543
1,622
1,512
1,523
1,475
17,313 17,237 17,737 17,452 17,565
for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used In the household survey.
A-7. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1996
1997
Age and sex
Mar.
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
126,062 126,125 126,428 126,590 126,889 126,988 127,248 127,617 127,644 127,855 128,580 128,430 129,175
18,696
6,446
2,634
3,803
12,250
107,344
91,952
15,369
Men, 16 years and over
18,732 18,739 18,558 18,506 18,368
6,477 6,573 6,461 6,503 6,325
2,646 2,633 2,661 2,635 2,589
3,832 3,949 3,828 3,873 3,716
12,255 12,166 12,097 12,003 12,043
107,403 107,656 108,068 108,390 108,755
92,126 92,303 92,619 92,880 93,165
15,221 15,361 15,417 15,493 15,526
18,766 18,799
6,626 6,637
2,708 2,736
3,946 3,898
12,140 12,162
108,445 108,811
93,074 93,285
15,488 15,535
18,722 18,771 18,900 19,024 19,103
6,542 6,617 6,601 6,657 6,750
2,702 2,672 2,633 2,674 2,652
3,835 3,919 3,946 3,976 4,087
12,180 12,154 12,299 12,367 12,353
108,894 109,087 109,651 109,429 110,075
93,387 93,455 93,852 93,665 93,983
15,587 15,657 15,786 15,7871 16,076
67,856 i 67,932 68,188 68,251 68,376 68,368 68,304 68,647 68,589 68,707 69,164 69,232 69,478
9,774 1 9,773 9,842 9,734 9,724 9,592 9,716 9,792 9,660 9,770 9,913 9,977 9,930
3,294 3,359 3,400 3,318 3,305 3,203 3,326 3,348 3,240 3,340 3,351 3,414 3,412
1,324 1,328 1,331 1,333 1,294 1,247 1,339 1,375 1,324 1,323 1,310 1,386 1,351
1,974 2,028 2,070 2,021 2,013 1,926 1,995 1,983 1,915 1,992 2,033 2,031 2,066
6,480 6,414 6,442 6,416 6,419 6,389 6,390 6,444 6,420 6,430 6,562 6,563 6,518
58,057 58,136 58,294 58,525 58,676 58,908 58,589 58,854 58,909 58,927 59,227 59,271 59,505
49,432 49,568 49,676 49,821 49,966 50,100 49,971 50,144 50,229 50,268 50,465 50,477 50,552
8,600 8,546 8,643 8,689 8,695 8,719 8,660 8,717 8,722 8,717 8,793 8,779 8,949
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
58,206 58,193 58,240 58,339 58,513 58,620 58,944 58,970 59,055 59,148 59,416 59,197 59,697
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
8,922 8,959 8,897 8,824 8,782 8,776 9,050 9,007 9,062 9,001 8,987 9,047 9,173
3,152 3,118 3,173 3,143 3,198 3,122 3,300 3,289 3,302 3,277 3,250 3,243 3,338
1,310 1,318 1,302 1,328 1,341 1,342 1,369 1,361 1,378 1,349 1,324 1,288 1,301
1,829 1,804 1,879 1,807 1,860 1,790 1,951 1,915 1,920 1,927 1,913 1,945 2,021
5,770 5,841 5,724 5,681 5,584 5,654 5,750 5,718 5,760 5,724 5,737 5,804 5,835
49,287 49,267 49,362 49,543 49,714 49,847 49,856 49,957 49,985 50,160 50,424 50,158 50,570
42,520 42,558 42,627 42,798 42,914 43,065 43,103 43,141 43,158 43,187 43,387 43,188 43,432
6,769 6,675 6,718 6,728 6,798 6,807 6,828 6,818 6,865 6,940 6,992 7,008 7,127
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used In the household survey.
A-8. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(in tliousands)
1996
1997
Age and sex
Mar.
Apr.
May
7,402
7,302
7,331
2,616
1,329 I
632|
704 i
1,287 :
4,7881
4,166 i
591 1
2,533
1,304
621
692
1,229
4,748
4,2031
5251
June
July
Aug.
7,119
7,276
6,910
2,561
1,305
836
667
1,276
4,784
4,223
561
2,481
1,251
622
626
1,230
4,625
4,047
558
2,555
1,301
637
661
1,254
4,691
4,123
593
4,080 1 3,990 1 3,932
3,859
1,467 ! 1,430 1 1,444
734 1 724
756
356 ,
3571
343
407,
391
381
711 1 696
720
2,5951i 2,551 2,504
2,268 2,288 2,204
314''
273
296
1,387
704
344
357
683
2,466|
2,144:
311
3,322 { 3,312 i 3,399
1,149l 1,103 ' 1,137
5731
570 1 581
276
264 1 293
297
301 ;
286
576
533 1 556
2,193 2,197 1 2,280
1,898 1,915 2,019
277
252
265
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
7,043
7,019
7,187
7,167
7,268
7,205
7,144
2,438
1,299
604
692
1,139
4,511
3,988
505
2,442
1,260
579
680
1,182
4,612
4,080
530
2,480
1,294
599
706
1,186
4,538
4,053
507
2,531
1,324
555
788
1,207
4,630
4,131
493
2,526
1,308
641
677
1,218
4,696
4,147
542
2,625
1,354
567
787
1,270
4,590
4,137
501
2,583
1,408
655
712
1,175
4,638
4,142
485
2,554
1,328
637
697
1,226
4,591
4,018
550
3,941
3,593
3,783
3,716
3,773
3,707
3,942
3,755
3,790
1,469
790
396
387
679
2,453
2,119
338
1,303
714
342
370
589
2,336
2,030
292
1,340
705
319
385
635
2,445
2,168
291
1,370
742
336
409
628
2,350
2,079
268
1,378
731
309
448
647
2,390
2,098
283
1,366
705
343
364
661
2,337
2,032
303
1,468
757
336
418
711
2,441
2,174
293
1,361
746
338
369
615
2,419
2,117
299
1,384
745
368
386
640
2,390
2,058
323
3,260
3,335
3,317
3,260
3,303
3,414
3,460
3,327
3,450
3,354
1,094
547
278
269
547
2,159
1,903
247
1,086
511
241
274
575
2,238
2,004
255
1,135
585
262
322
550
2,175
1,958
213
1,102
555
260
295
547
2,167
1,912
239
1,110
552
263
297
558
2,188
1,974
239
1,153 1,160
593
603
246
298
340
313
560
557
2,240 2,359
2,033 ; 2,115
210
239
1,157
598
231
369
559
2,148
1,963
208
1,222
662
317
343
560
2,219
2,025
186
1,170
583
269
311
587
2,202
1,960
227
1
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Wonnen, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1
1
1
A-*. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
1997
1996
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.3
5.2
11.8
16.2
18.9
14.1
9.2
4.1
4.2
3.5
12.1
16.7
19.5
14.6
9.5
4.1
4.3
3.7
11.7
17.0
18.9
15.7
8.6
4.0
4.1
3.2
11.5
16.0
17.6
14.7
8.9
4.1
4.2
3.3
11.7
16.3
18.0
15.3
8.9
4.0
4.2
3.2
11.9
16.8
17.0
17.0
9.0
4.1
4.2
3.1
11.9
16.5
19.3
14.7
9.1
4.1
4.2
3.3
12.2
17.0
17.7
16.6
9.4
4.0
4.2
3.1
12.0
17.5
19.7
15.2
8.7
4.1
4.2
3.0
11.8
16.4
19.4
14.6
9.0
4.0
4.1
3.3
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.0
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.1
5.4
5.1
5.2
12.8
17.9
21.2
16.2
9.8
4.2
4.4
3.1
12.8
17.6
20.5
15.5
10.1
4.1
4.2
3.3
12.5
17.5
20.5
15.0
9.6
4.0
4.1
3.5
13.1
19.3
23.4
16.1
9.6
4.0
4.1
3.7
12.0
18.2
21.5
16.1
8.4
3.8
3.9
3.2
12.1
17.5
19.2
16.2
9.0
4.0
4.2
3.3
12.3
18.1
19.6
17.1
8.9
3.8
4.0
3.0
12.5
18.4
18.9
19.0
9.2
3.9
4.0
3.1
12.3
17.4
20.6
15.4
9.3
3.8
3.9
3.4
12.9
18.4
20.4
17.1
9.8
4.0
4.1
3.2
12.0
17.9
19.6
15.4
8.6
3.9
4.0
3.3
12.2
17.9
21.4
15.7
8.9
3.9
3.9
3.5
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.5
5.3
11.4
15.4
17.4
14.0
9.1
4.3
4.3
3.9
11.0
15.5
16.7
14.3
8.4
4.3
4.3
3.6
11.3
15.5
18.4
13.2
8.9
4.4
4.5
3.8
11.0
14.8
17.3
13.0
8.8
4.2
4.3
3.5
11.0
13.8
15.2
12.8
9.3
4.3
4.5
3.6
11.5
15.8
16.3
15.2
8.9
4.2
4.3
3.0
10.9
14.4
16.0
13.1
8.7
4.2
4.2
3.4
11.0
14.4
16.2
13.4
8.9
4.2
4.4
3.4
11.3
15.2
15.1
15.0
8.9
4.3
4.5
3.0
11.4
15.5
18.1
14.0
8.9
4.5
4.7
3.3
11.4
15.5
14.9
16.2
8.9
4.1
4.3
2.9
11.9
16.9
19.7
15.0
8.8
4.2
4.5
2.6
11.3
14.9
17.1
13.3
9.1
4.2
4.3
3.1
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.3
12.3
17.1
19.4
15.6
9.5
4.3
4.3
3.7
11.9
16.8
19.0
15.3
9.1
4.2
4.4
3.3
12.1
16.6
19.5
14.4
9.5
4.3
4.4
3.5
5.7
5.5
13.1
18.7
21.2
17.1
9.9
4.3
4.4
3.5
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
July
used In the household survey.
A-10. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
1997
1996
Category
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
5.5
4.9
4.8
17.1
5.5
4.8
4.7
16.8
5.5
4.7
4.9
16.6
5.3
4.6
4.7
16.2
5.4
4.6
4.9
16.7
5.2
4.2
4.7
17.0
5.2
4.5
4.6
16.0
5.2
4.4
4.7
16.3
5.3
4.4
4.8
16.8
5.3
4.4
4.9
16.5
5.4
4.6
4.6
17.0
5.3
4.4
4.7
17.5
5.2
4.4
4.7
16.4
4.8
9.6
10.8
9.8
4.8
9.4
10.5
9.5
4.8
9.3
10.3
9.2
4.6
9.1
10.2
8.8
4.7
9.3
10.5
8.9
4.5
8.9
10.4
8.8
4.5
9.2
10.7
8.3
4.5
9.3
10.7
8.2
4.6
9.1
10.6
8.3
4.6
9.2
10.5
7.7
4.6
9.4
10.8
8.3
4.5
9.7
11.3
8.1
4.5
9.5
10.7
8.6
3.1
3.5
7.7
3.0
3.7
7.3
3.0
3.7
8.5
3.0
3.6
7.8
3.0
3.5
8.8
2.9
3.4
8.5
3.0
3.4
8.3
3.0
3.5
8.5
3.0
3.6
8.8
3.0
3.7
8.4
2.8
3.3
9.1
2.8
3.4
9.0
2.8
3.2
9.1
2.4
4.4
5.8
8.3
7.8
2.3
4.4
5.6
7.9
7.8
2.3
4.6
5.4
8.3
8.7
2.4
4.2
5.3
8.0
7.5
2.4
4.6
5.5
7.8
6.7
2.2
4.4
5.3
8.0
6.4
2.3
4.5
5.4
7.5
7.1
2.2
4.5
5.5
7.7
7.0
2.3
4.5
5.7
7.7
7.7
2.4
4.6
5.4
7.6
7.7
2.1
4.4
5.3
7.9
7.5
2.1
4.3
4.7
8.1
7.5
2.0
4.3
4.9
8.1
7.4
5.7
6.4
6.5
10.3
5.2
4.9
5.6
5.5
4.2
6.7
2.5
5.5
2.8
10.7
5.6
6.1
4.6
10.3
4.8
4.7
5.0
5.5
4.2
6.5
2.4
5.6
2.9
11.0
5.7
6.2
2.2
10.2
5.0
4.7
5.5
5.5
4.2
6.5
2.6
5.7
3.2
10.3
5.5
6.0
4.9
9.6
4.9
4.5
5.5
5.2
4.4
6.4
2.6
5.1
2.8
9.6
5.5
5.8
3.0
9.8
4.7
4.3
5.3
5.4
4.3
6.3
2.8
5.5
3.1
9.1
5.4
5.7
4.5
9.1
4.7
4.0
5.8
5.2
4.1
6.3
2.5
5.2
2.8
7.6
5.3
5.6
5.1
9.3
4.4
4.2
4.7
5.2
4.1
6.2
3.0
5.3
3.0
10.8
5.3
5.8
5.8
9.6
4.7
4.4
5.1
5.1
4.4
6.2
2.9
5.0
2.9
10.0
5.5
6.1
4.9
10.3
4.7
4.5
5.1
5.2
3.5
6.3
2.9
5.3
2.8
10.9
5.4
5.9
7.6
9.4
4.8
4.7
5.0
5.2
4.0
6.2
3.1
5.2
3.0
10.3
5.4
6.0
6.0
10.1
4.6
4.4
4.8
5.2
4.1
6.4
3.5
4.9
2.9
8.6
5.3
5.6
4.2
9.0
4.5
4.0
5.3
5.2
4.3
6.5
3.0
5.0
2.9
8.8
5.2
5.5
4.0
9.6
4.3
3.6
5.2
5.1
4.1
6.3
3.2
4.8
2.8
9.5
CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Blacl<
Hispanic origin
Married men, spouse present
Mamed women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
OCCUPATION'
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
' Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available
because the seasonal component, which Is small relative to the trend-cycle
and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
Reason
Oct.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
3,508
1,031
2,477
783
2,538
593
3,535
1,092
2,443
723
2,487
587
3,409
1,070
2,339
688
2,709
546
3,399 3,348 3,095 3,236 3,171 3,261 3,221 3,245 3,163 3,187
994 987 953
944 1,021
1,000
980
931
989
957
2,399 2,368 2,164 2,247 2,214 2,267 2,234 2,293 2,218 2,167
787
784
702
754
775
800
797
825 845 890
2,437 2,522 2,467 2,441 2,489 2,523 2,556 2,505 2,648 2,535
647
647
545
590
552
559
577
586 626 600
July
Aug. Sept.
Nov.
Mar.
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
47.3 48.3 46.4 48.0 46.4 44.9 46.0 45.1 45.3 44.4 44.8 43.7 44.6
13.9 14.9 14.6 14.1 13.6 13.5 14.1 13.6 13.8 13.6 13.2 13.0 14.3
33.4 33.4 31.8 33.9 32.8 31.4 31.9 31.5 31.5 30.8 31.7 30.6 30.3
9.9
9.4
9.9 10.5 11.2 11.4 11.3 11.5 11.7 12.3 10.9 11.0
10.5
34.2 34.0 36.8 34.4 35.0 35.8 34.7 35.4 35.1 35.3 34.6 36.6 35.4
8.2
8.0
7.9
8.2
8.1
8.6
8.3
8.9
9.0
8.0
7.8
7.4
7.7
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
2.6
.6
1.9
.4
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
2.6
.5
1.9
.4
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data refiect revised population
2.5
.5
2.0
.4
2.5
.5
1.8
.4
2.5
.6
1.9
.4
2.3
.6
1.8
.4
2.4
.6
1.8
.4
2.4
.6
1.8
.4
2.4
.6
1.9
.4
2.4
.6
1.9
.5
2.4
.7
1.8
.4
2.3
.6
2.0
.5
2.3
.6
1.9
.5
controls used in the household survey.
A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1996
1997
uuranon
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
2,632
2,305
2,406
1,102
1,304
2,450
2,330
2,387
1,098
1,289
2,754
2,310
2,354
1,048
1,306
2,544
2,201
2,353
1,051
1,302
2,603
2,307
2,326
994
1,332
2,534
2,199
2,273
1,003
1,270
2,522
2,245
2,277
1,040
1,237
2,556
2,265
2,294
1,062
1,232
2,819
2,252
2,184
1,018
1,166
2,671
2,357
2,179
976
1,203
2,801
2,223
2,155
943
1,212
2,591
2,382
2,163
1,025
1,138
2,650
2,380
2,064
1,001
1,063
17.2
8.2
17.3
8.6
16.9
8.4
17.2
8.1
16.9
8.5
17.2
8.5
16.9
8.6
16.7
8.3
16.0
7.7
15.8
7.8
16.0
7.7
16.0
8.4
15.3
7.9
100.0
35.8
31.4
32.8
15.0
17.8
100.0
34.2
32.5
33.3
15.3
18.0
100.0
37.1
31.1
31.7
14.1
17.6
100.0
35.8
31.0
33.2
14.8
18.3
100.0
36.0
31.9
32.1
13.7
18.4
100.0
36.2
31.4
32.4
14.3
18.1
100.0
35.8
31.9
32.3
14.8
17.6
100.0
35.9
31.8
32.2
14.9
17.3
100.0
38.9
31.0
30.1
14.0
16.1
100.0
37.1
32.7
30.2
13.5
16.7
100.0
39.0
31.0
30.0
13.1
16.9
100.0
36.3
33.4
30.3
14.4
15.9
100.0
37.4
33.6
29.1
14.1
15.0
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
A-13. Employment status of the civlllait nonlnstltutlonal population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1997
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
nonlnstltutlonal
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 yeais
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
eSU69yeais
70 to 74 years
75 years and over ....
202,513
15,271
7,809
7,462
17,356
116,559
39,871
18,972
20,699
43,709
22,557
21,152
32,978
18,348
14,631
21,412
11,540
9,872
31,915
9,579
8,467
13,869
135,524
7,428
2,908
4,520
13,338
98,102
33,557
16,044
17,513
37,167
19,164
18,003
27,377
15,521
11,856
12,714
8,051
4,663
3,943
2,182
1,089
673
48.6
37.2
60.6
76.8
84.2
84.2
84.6
83.8
85.0
85.0
85.1
83.0
84.6
81.0
59.4
69.8
47.2
12.4
22.8
12.9
4.9
128,125
6,182
2,312
3,870
12,094
93,774
31,776
15,079
16,698
35,528
18,211
17,318
26,470
15,017
11,453
12,269
7,749
4,521
3,806
2,108
1,051
648
63.3
40.5
29.6
51.9
69.7
80.5
79.7
79.5
79.9
81.3
80.7
81.9
60.3
81.8
78.3
57.3
67.1
45.8
11.9
22.0
12.4
4.7
3,166
212
91
121
327
1,951
670
311
359
747
367
380
534
308
225
388
216
172
288
140
87
60
124,959
5,970
2,221
3,749
11,766
91,823
31,106
14,768
16,338
34,781
17,843
16,938
25,936
14,709
11,228
11,881
7,533
4,349
3,518
1,967
963
588
7,399
1,246
596
650
1,244
4,328
1,781
965
816
1,639
954
685
907
504
403
445
302
143
137
74
38
24
5.5
16.8
20.5
14.4
9.3
4.4
5.3
6.0
4.7
4.4
5.0
3.8
3.3
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.8
3.1
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.6
66,989
7,843
4,901
2,942
4,018
18,457
6,314
2,928
3,385
6,542
3,393
3,149
5,601
2,827
2,774
8,698
3,489
5,209
27,972
7,397
7,378
13,197
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
SS to 59 years
60 to 64 yeais
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .
97,367
7,782
4,030
3,752
8,643
57,306
19,679
9,335
10,344
21,552
11,126
10,425
16,076
8,963
7,113
10,215
5,551
4,664
13,439
4,386
3,719
5,332
72,731
3,794
1,495
2,299
7,004
52,647
18,275
8,630
9,645
19.914
10,335
9,579
14,456
8,188
6,270
6,979
4,395
2,584
2,307
1,214
671
421
74.7
48.8
37.1
61.3
81.0
91.9
92.9
92.5
93.2
92.4
92.9
91.9
89.9
91.4
88.2
68.3
79.2
55.4
17.2
27.7
18.1
7.9
68,573
3,071
1,145
1,927
6,303
50,266
17,318
9,219
19,004
9,812
9,193
13,944
7,910
6,033
6,702
4,216
2,486
2,231
1,170
653
408
70.4
39.5
28.4
51.3
72.9
87.7
88.0
86.8
89.1
88.2
88.2
88.2
86.7
88.3
84.8
65.6
76.0
53.3
16.6
26.7
17.5
7.7
2,410
166
71
95
252
1,485
524
254
270
563
283
280
399
233
165
278
162
125
230
117
59
54
66,163
2,905
1,074
1,832
6,051
48,781
16,794
7,845
8,949
18,441
9,528
8,913
13,545
7,677
5,868
6,424
4,064
2,361
2,001
1,053
594
355
4,158
723
351
372
701
2,381
957
532
425
910
524
386
514
278
237
277
179
76
44
19
13
5.7
19.0
23.4
16.2
10.0
4.5
5.2
6.2
4.4
4.6
5.1
4.0
3.6
3.4
3.8
4.0
4.1
3.8
3.3
3.6
2.8
3.1
24,656
3,988
2,535
1,454
1,639
4,659
1,404
705
699
I,637
791
847
1,618
775
843
3,236
1,156
2,080
II,133
3,175
3,047
4,911
Women
16 years and o v e r .
16 to 19 years .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 yeais
60 to 64 yeais
65 years and over....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .
105,127
7,489
3,779
3,709
8,713
59,252
20,192
9,637
10,555
22,158
11,431
10,727
16,902
9,385
7,518
11,197
5,989
5,208
18,476
5,191
4,748
8,537
62,794
3,634
1,412
2,221
6,334
45,455
15,282
7,414
7,869
17,253
8,829
8,424
12,919
7,333
5,586
5,735
3,656
2,079
1,636
968
417
251
59.7
48.5
37.4
59.9
72.7
76.7
75.7
76.9
74.6
77.9
77.2
78.5
76.4
78.1
74.3
51.2
61.0
39.9
8.9
18.6
8.8
2.9
59,552
3,111
1,167
1,943
5,790
43,508
14,459
7,478
16,524
8,399
8,125
12,526
7,107
5,419
5,567
3,533
2,036
1,575
937
398
240
56.6
41.5
30.9
52.4
66.5
73.4
71.6
72.4
70.9
74.6
73.5
75.7
74.1
75.7
72.1
49.7
59.0
39.1
8.5
18.1
8.4
2.8
756
46
19
26
75
466
147
57
89
184
84
100
135
75
60
110
63
47
59
23
29
7
58,796
3,065
1,148
1,917
5,715
43,043
14,312
6,923
7,389
16,340
8.315
8,025
12,391
7,031
5,360
5,457
3,469
1,988
1,517
914
369
233
3,241
523
245
278
543
1,946
824
433
390
729
430
299
393
227
167
168
123
44
61
31
19
11
5.2
14.4
17.4
12.5
8.6
4.3
5.4
5.8
5.0
4.2
4.9
3.6
3.0
3.1
3.0
2.9
3.4
2.1
3.7
3.2
4.6
4.4
42,333
3,855
2,367
1,488
2,379
13,798
4,910
2,224
2,686
4,905
2,602
2,302
3,983
2,051
1,932
5,462
2,333
3,128
16,839
4,223
4,331
8,286
A-13. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstitutional population by age, sex, and race-Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1997
Civilian labor torce
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
nonlnstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Percent
Total
ol
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Agriculture
Nonagriculturai
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
torce
Not
in
labor
force
WHITE
16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over....
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 yeats
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
85 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
12,131
6,193
5,939
13,939
96,588
32,324
15,319
17,005
36,220
18,602
17,619
28,043
15,534
12,509
18,431
9,926
8,505
28,481
8,420
7,572
12,490
82,339
6,231
3,199
3,032
7,061
48,120
16,166
7,653
8,503
18,107
9,311
8,796
13,857
7,708
6,149
4,822
4,066
12,039
3,891
3,335
4,813
114,135
6,282
2,498
3,785
10,910
82,253
27,511
13,140
14,371
31,146
15,959
15,188
23,596
13,314
10,281
11,158
7,064
4,094
3,532
1,945
999
62,269
3,269
1,294
1,975
5,876
44,827
15,226
7,210
8,018
16,963
8,760
8,204
12,635
7,132
5,504
6,210
3,906
2,304
2,088
1,099
624
365
67.3
51.8
40.3
63.7
78.3
85.2
85.1
85.8
84.5
86.0
85.8
86.2
84.1
85.7
82.2
60.5
71.2
48.1
12.4
23.1
13.2
4.7
75.6
52.5
40.4
65.1
83.2
93.2
94.3
94.2
94.3
93.7
94.1
93.3
91.2
92.5
89.5
69.9
81.0
56.7
17.3
28.3
18.7
7.6
108,745
5,373
2,026
3,346
10,121
79,049
26,285
12,472
13,813
29,920
15,231
14,689
22,844
12,888
9,956
10,775
6,802
3,973
3,427
1,888
970
570
59,157
2,746
1,025
1,721
5,403
43,007
14,527
6,819
7,708
16,263
8,348
7,915
12,216
6,896
5,321
5,969
3,760
2,219
2,032
1,065
611
356
64.1
44.3
32.7
56.3
72.6
81.8
81.3
81.4
61.2
82.6
81.9
83.4
81.5
83.0
79.6
58.5
68.5
46.7
12.0
22.4
12.8
4.6
71.8
44.1
32.1
56.7
76.6
89.4
89.9
89.1
90.7
89.8
89.7
90.0
88.2
89.4
86.5
67.2
77.8
54.6
16.9
27.4
18.3
7.4
3,012
210
89
121
316
1,843
645
303
342
722
358
363
477
276
201
368
207
161
275
134
84
56
2,275
165
70
95
244
1,390
500
246
254
540
274
266
349
203
146
258
144
114
219
111
59
49
105,733
5,162
1,937
3,225
9,805
77,206
25,641
12,189
13,472
29,199
14,873
14,326
22,367
12,612
9,755
10,407
6,595
3,812
3,152
1,754
885
513
58,882
2,581
955
1,626
5,169
41,617
14,027
6,573
7,454
16,723
8,074
7,649
11,868
6,692
5,175
5,711
3,607
2,105
1,813
954
552
307
5,389
910
471
438
788
3,204
1.225
668
558
1.226
727
499
752
427
326
383
262
121
105
57
30
18
3,112
523
269
254
473
1,820
701
391
310
700
411
289
419
237
182
241
156
85
55
35
13
4.7
14.5
18.9
11.6
7.2
3.9
4.5
5.1
3.9
3.9
4.6
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.7
3.0
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.1
55,435
5,849
3,695
2,154
3,029
14,335
4,813
2,179
2,634
5,074
2,643
2,431
4,447
2,219
2,228
7,273
2,862
4,410
24,949
6,475
6,572
11,902
5.0
16.0
20.6
12.9
8.0
4.1
4.6
5.4
3.9
4.1
4.7
3.6
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.9
4.0
3.7
2.7
3.1
2.0
2.2
20,071
2,963
1,905
1,058
1,186
3,293
928
443
486
1,144
552
692
1,222
577
645
2,678
917
1,761
9,951
2,792
2,711
4,448
4.4
12.8
16.8
10.2
6.3
3.7
4.3
4.7
3.9
3.7
4.4
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.0
2.9
3.4
2.0
3.4
2.7
4.5
4.4
35,364
2,886
1,790
1,096
1,843
11,042
3,886
1,736
2,149
3,931
2,092
1,839
3,226
1,643
1,583
4,595
1,946
2,649
14,998
3,683
3,861
7,454
Woman
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over....
65to69yeais
70 to 74 years
75 years and over .
87,230
5,900
2,994
2,906
6,877
48,468
16,168
7,666
8,502
18,113
9,291
8,823
14,186
7,825
6,361
9,543
5,104
4,439
16,442
4,528
4,236
7,677
51,866
3,014
1,204
1,810
5,034
37,426
12,263
5,930
6,353
14,183
7,199
6,984
10,960
6,182
4,778
4,948
3,158
1,790
1,444
846
375
223
59.5
51.1
40.2
62.3
73.2
77.2
76.0
77.4
74.7
78.3
77.5
79.2
77.3
79.0
75.1
51.9
61.9
40.3
8.6
18.7
8.9
2.9
49,589
2,627
1,001
1,626
4,719
36,043
11,756
5,653
6,105
13,657
6,863
6,774
10,627
5,993
4,635
4,806
3,052
1,754
1,395
823
359
213
56.8
44.5
33.4
55.9
68.6
74.4
72.7
73.7
71.8
75.4
74.1
76.8
74.9
76.6
72.9
50.4
59.8
39.5
8.5
18.2
8.5
2.8
737
45
19
26
73
454
144
57
88
181
64
97
128
73
55
110
63
47
56
23
25
7
48,851
2,581
982
1,600
4,846
35,589
11,614
5,596
6,018
13,476
6,799
6,677
10,499
5,920
4,580
4,696
2,969
1,707
1,339
800
333
206
2,278
387
203
184
315
1,384
525
277
248
526
316
210
333
190
143
142
106
36
49
23
17
10
A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1997
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutionai
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Not
in
labor
force
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
94
13.583
800
214
387
1,421
10,287
3,809
1.834
1,974
4.000
2,147
1,853
2,478
1,505
974
1,029
666
363
246
138
61
47
1,649
285
101
184
388
915
471
250
221
311
174
137
134
72
62
40
21
18
20
10
6
2
10.8
32.2
32.2
32.2
21.3
8.1
11.0
12.0
10.0
7.2
7.5
6.9
5.0
4.5
5.9
3.7
3.1
4.8
7.5
6.5
0
(')
8,569
1,538
945
593
663
2,927
1,001
493
507
1,057
516
540
870
476
394
1,072
479
593
2,370
744
616
1,009
6,297
235
89
146
613
4,869
1,831
863
968
1,890
1,028
862
1,147
713
434
466
307
159
114
55
29
30
846
182
73
109
191
440
207
114
93
154
87
67
80
37
42
23
12
11
9
3
6
1
11.7
43.7
45.1
42.8
23.5
8.2
10.1
11.6
8.7
7.5
7.8
7.1
6.3
4.8
8.6
4.6
3.6
6.4
7.2
0
(•)
(')
3,481
789
479
311
309
1,042
319
176
142
401
186
215
323
167
155
432
187
245
909
298
260
351
7,285
365
125
241
808
5,416
1,978
971
1,007
2,110
1,119
991
1,331
791
539
562
359
203
131
83
32
17
603
103
28
75
197
475
264
136
128
157
87
70
54
34
20
17
10
7
11
7
2
1
9.9
22.0
18.6
23.6
19.5
8.1
11.8
12.3
11.3
6.9
7.2
6.6
3.9
4.2
3.5
2.9
2.6
3.4
7.7
8.2
(')
0
5,088
749
466
282
354
1,686
682
317
365
656
331
325
547
308
239
640
292
348
1.460
446
356
658
BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 yeais
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 yeais
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 yeais
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
23,895
2,424
1,260
1,164
2,483
14,197
5,295
2,580
2,715
5,380
2,844
2,536
3,522
2,075
1,447
2,147
1,172
976
2,643
897
686
1,061
15,325
886
315
571
1,821
11,270
4,294
2,086
2,208
4,324
2,328
1,996
2,652
1,599
1,053
1,076
693
383
273
152
69
52
64.1
36.5
25.0
49.0
73.3
79.4
61.1
60.9
81.3
80.4
81.8
78.7
75.3
77.1
72.7
50.1
59.1
39.3
10.3
17.0
10.1
4.9
13,677
600
214
387
1,433
10,354
3,823
1,836
1,987
4,013
2,154
1,859
2.518
1,528
991
1,036
671
365
253
142
61
50
57.2
24.8
16.9
33.2
57.7
72.9
72.2
71.2
73.2
74.6
75.7
73.3
71.5
73.6
68.5
48.3
57.3
37.4
9.6
15.9
8.9
4.7
10,710
1,206
640
566
1,122
6,413
2,371
1,155
1,216
2,457
1,308
1,149
1,585
941
644
929
511
417
1,040
361
295
385
7,229
417
162
255
813
5,371
2,052
979
1,073
2.057
1,122
934
1,262
774
489
497
324
173
131
62
35
34
67.5
34.6
25.3
45.1
72.5
83.6
86.6
84.7
88.3
83.7
85.8
81.3
79.6
82.2
75.9
53.5
63.4
41.4
12.6
17.3
11.8
8.8
6,383
235
89
146
622
4.931
1.845
865
981
1.903
1,035
868
1,183
736
447
474
312
162
122
60
29
33
59.6
19.5
13.9
25.8
55.4
76.9
77.8
74.9
80.6
77.4
79.2
75.5
74.6
78.2
69.3
51.0
61.1
38.7
11.7
16.6
9.8
8.5
13,164
1,217
619
596
1,361
7,784
2,924
1,425
1,499
2,923
1,537
1,387
1,937
1,134
803
1,219
660
558
1,603
536
391
676
8,096
469
153
316
1,007
5,899
2,242
1,107
1,135
2,267
1,206
1,061
1.390
826
564
579
369
210
142
90
34
18
61.4
38.5
24.7
52.6
74.0
75.8
76.7
77.7
75.7
77.6
78.5
76.5
71.7
72.8
70.2
47.5
55.8
37.7
8.9
16.6
6.8
2.7
7,293
366
125
241
811
5,423
1,978
971
1,007
2,110
1,119
991
1,335
791
544
562
359
203
131
83
32
17
55.3
30.0
20.1
40.3
59.5
69.7
67.6
68.2
67.1
72.2
72.8
71.5
68.9
69.8
67.7
46.1
54.4
36.4
8.2
15.4
8.2
2.5
-
12
88
15
2
13
13
7
6
40
23
17
8
5
2
8
5
-
3
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 yeais
70 to 74 yeais
75 years and over
86
-
_
9
63
14
2
13
13
7
6
35
23
13
8
5
2
8
5
3
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 84 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
6S years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
' Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the
household sunrey.
8
-
_
3
5
-
--
5
-
5
-
-
-
A-14. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over
Total
Ennployment status and
race
Women, 20 years and
over
Both sexes, 16 to 19
years
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
199,921
132,692
66.4
124,992
3,243
121,750
7,700
5.8
67,229
202,513
135,524
66.9
128,125
3,166
124,959
7,399
5.5
66,989
88,366
67,753
76.7
64,005
2,249
61,755
3,749
5.5
20,613
89,604
68,937
76.9
65,502
2,244
63,257
3,435
5.0
20,667
96,798
57,811
59.7
55,109
807
54,303
2,701
4.7
38,988
97,638
59,160
60.6
56,442
710
55,732
2,718
4.6
38,478
14,757
7,128
48.3
5,879
187
5,692
1,250
17.5
7,628
15,271
7,428
48.6
6,182
212
5,970
1,246
16.8
7,843
167,853
112,246
66.9
106,495
3,092
103,403
5,751
5.1
55,608
169,569
114,135
67.3
108,745
3,012
105,733
5,389
4.7
55,435
75,274
58,106
77.2
55,237
2,118
53,119
2,869
4.9
17,169
76,108
59,000
77.5
56,411
2,110
54,301
2,589
4.4
17,108
80,889
48,056
59.4
46,095
788
45,307
1,961
4.1
32,833
81,330
48,852
60.1
46,962
692
46,270
1,891
3.9
32,478
11,689
6,084
52.0
5,163
186
4,977
921
15.1
5,606
12,131
6,282
51.8
5,373
210
5,162
910
14.5
5,849
23,485
14,899
63.4
13,282
91
13,191
1,617
10.9
8,586
23,895
15,325
64.1
13,677
94
13,583
1,649
10.8
8,569
9,378
6,785
72.3
6,049
82
5,968
735
10.8
2,593
9,504
6,812
71.7
6,149
87
6,062
663
9.7
2,692
11,787
7,288
61.8
6,680
8
6,672
608
8.3
4,500
11,967
7,628
63.7
6,928
8
6,920
700
9.2
4,339
2,320
827
35.6
553
1
551
274
33.1
1,493
2,424
886
36.5
600
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
-
600
285
32.2
1,538
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstltutlonai population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1997
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Fuil
time
Unemployed
Part
time
Total
Looking
tor
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
Percent
of
labor
force
TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
17,955
12,064
5,871
8,692
5,114
3,579
48.4
42.3
61.0
7,714
4,360
3,354
1,372
382
990
6,341
3,977
2,364
979
754
224
184
77
107
795
677
117
11.3
14.8
6.3
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
9,716
8,239
6,898
1,341
3,757
4,935
3,787
1,148
38.7
59.9
54.9
85.6
3,101
4,613
3,522
1,091
200
1,173
472
701
2,901
3,440
3,050
391
656
322
266
57
89
95
63
33
568
227
203
24
17.5
6.5
7.0
4.9
Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
8,937
6,135
2,802
4,148
2,501
1,647
46.4
40.8
58.8
3,614
2,081
1,534
688
206
482
2,926
1,875
1,052
534
420
114
106
50
56
428
370
58
12.9
16.8
6.9
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
5,103
3,834
3,252
581
1,962
2,186
1,676
509
38.5
57.0
51.5
87.7
1,581
2,034
1,556
478
121
567
231
336
1,460
1,467
1,325
142
382
152
120
32
56
51
28
22
326
102
92
10
19.4
7.0
7.2
6.3
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
9,018
5,949
3,069
4,544
2,613
1,931
50.4
43.9
62.9
4,100
2,279
1,821
685
176
508
3,415
2,103
1,312
445
334
.111
78
27
51
367
308
60
9.8
12.8
5.7
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
4,612
4,405
3,645
760
1,795
2,750
2,111
639
38.9
62.4
57.9
84.0
1,520
2,579
1,966
614
79
606
241
365
1,441
1,974
1,725
249
275
170
145
25
33
45
34
10
242
126
111
14
15.3
6.2
6.9
3.9
14,362
9,610
4,753
7,407
4,388
3,018
51.6
45.7
63.5
6,649
3,795
2,854
1,155
318
837
5,494
3,477
2,016
758
593
165
115
42
73
643
551
92
10.2
13.5
5.5
Men
Women
7,227
7,136
3,616
3,791
50.0
53.1
3,189
3,460
603
552
2,586
2,908
427
331
75
40
352
291
11.8
8.7
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
7,657
6,705
5,584
1,122
3,219
4,187
3,209
978
42.0
62.4
57.5
87.2
2,702
3,946
3,009
937
160
994
394
600
2,542
2,952
2,615
337
517
241
200
41
49
66
41
26
468
175
159
16
16.1
5.8
6.2
4.2
2,575
1,873
702
923
539
384
36.8
28.8
54.6
738
408
330
172
49
123
566
359
207
185
132
53
63
34
29
122
98
24
20.1
24.4
13.9
Men
Women
1,210
1,365
373
550
30.9
40.3
281
457
61
112
220
345
92
93
27
36
65
57
24.8
16.9
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
1,611
965
797
168
416
507
377
130
25.8
52.5
47.3
77.5
294
444
330
114
26
146
68
78
268
298
262
36
122
63
47
16
38
24
17
8
84
38
30
8
29.4
12.4
12.4
12.3
2,090
1,464
626
850
449
401
40.7
30.7
64.0
712
349
363
164
49
115
548
300
249
138
101
37
35
16
19
103
85
18
16.2
22.4
9.3
Men
Women
1,104
986
463
387
42.0
39.2
380
332
105
59
275
273
83
55
24
11
59
43
18.0
14.1
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
1,290
800
584
217
345
504
330
175
26.8
63.0
56.5
80.6
254
458
295
163
33
131
35
96
221
327
259
67
91
46
35
11
20
15
2
13
71
31
33
26.5
9.2
10.7
6.4
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
See footnotes at end of table.
-
A-15. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1997
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Full
time
Part
time
Total
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
Percent
of
labor
force
TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
14,673
3,187
11,465
12,073
2,314
9,759
82.3
72.6
85.0
10,562
1,822
8,739
8,788
1,305
7,484
1,773
518
1,256
1,511
491
1,020
1,387
439
949
124
53
71
12.5
21.2
10.5
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
3,820
6,297
3,277
1,278
2,603
5,290
2,950
1,230
68.2
84.0
90.0
96.2
1,967
4,709
2,694
1,191
1,554
3,850
2,290
1,094
413
859
405
97
636
581
255
38
586
536
231
35
51
45
25
4
24.4
11.0
8.7
3.1
Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
7,489
1,647
5,841
6,650
1,293
5,357
88.8
78.5
91.7
5,760
991
4,769
5,101
781
4,320
660
210
450
890
303
587
835
279
556
55
24
32
13.4
23.4
11.0
2,136
3,228
1,576
549
1,697
2,918
1,498
537
79.4
90.4
95.1
97.9
1,288
2,605
1,346
522
1,110
2,311
1,194
485
178
294
151
37
409
313
153
15
387
304
130
14
22
9
23
1
24.1
10.7
10.2
2.8
7,184
1,540
5,644
5,423
1,020
4,402
75.5
66.3
78.0
4,801
832
3,970
3,688
524
3,164
1,114
308
806
621
189
433
553
160
393
69
29
40
11.5
18.5
9.8
1,684
3,069
1,701
729
907
2,372
1,451
692
53.8
77.3
85.3
95.0
679
2,104
1,349
669
444
1,539
1,095
609
235
565
253
60
227
268
103
23
199
232
101
21
29
36
2
2
25.1
11.3
7.1
3.3
11,708
2,522
9,186
9,785
1,894
7,891
83.6
75.1
85.9
8,845
1,578
7,268
7,366
1,130
6,236
1,479
447
1,032
940
316
624
849
279
571
91
38
53
9.6
16.7
7.9
Men
Women
6,066
5,642
5,528
4,257
91.1
75.5
4,960
3,886
4,415
2,952
545
934
569
371
528
322
41
50
10.3
8.7
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
2,988
4,950
2,694
1,076
2,110
4,216
2,419
1,040
70.6
85.2
8S.8
96.7
1,695
3,856
2,274
1,021
1,350
3,149
1,930
937
344
707
344
84
416
360
145
19
378
330
123
18
37
30
22
1
19.7
8.5
6.0
1.9
2,332
550
1,781
1,783
346
1,437
76.5
62.9
80.7
1,295
193
1,103
1,080
136
945
215
57
158
488
154
335
460
140
320
28
14
15
27.4
44.3
23.3
Men
Women
1,118
1,214
857
927
76.6
76.4
576
719
491
589
84
130
281
207
267
193
14
14
32.8
22.4
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
686
1,109
445
92
403
881
410
89
58.8
79.4
92.1
97.7
209
687
316
83
155
568
276
80
54
119
40
2
194
193
94
7
184
181
91
5
11
12
3
2
48.1
22.0
22.9
7.6
2,623
636
1,987
1,994
402
1,591
76.0
63.2
80.1
1,658
299
1,360
1,447
235
1,212
211
64
148
335
104
231
316
96
220
19
8
11
16.8
25.8
14.5
Men
Women
1,469
1,155
1,297
697
88.3
60.4
1,099
559
995
453
104
107
198
138
189
127
8
11
15.2
19.7
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
1,411
814
351
47
999
630
322
42
70.8
77.4
91.8
(')
780
543
297
38
684
451
277
36
96
92
20
3
219
87
25
4
209
80
23
4
10
7
2
21.9
13.9
7.8
(')
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 2 * years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
White
Total, 16 to 24 yeare
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
^ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
-
groups wiii not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and blacit population
groups. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household suwey.
A-16. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(In ttiousands)
March 1997
Unemployed
Employed'
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At worit®
Age, sex, and race
Total
35
hours
or
more
1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons
Not
at
work
Total
Part time for
economic
reasons
Part time
for
noneconomic
reasons
Not
at
work
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
IB to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
103,980
1,687
182
1,505
102,293
6,474
93,820
82,037
11,782
92,159
1,375
145
1,230
90,784
7,496
83,286
73,082
10,204
8,982
277
33
243
8,706
778
7,928
6,824
1,103
2,840
36
4
32
2,804
19B
2,606
2,131
475
24,145
4,495
2,130
2,365
19,650
3,620
16,030
11,737
4,294
3,069
252
28
224
2,818
SOS
2,313
2,047
266
19,560
4,024
2,028
1,996
15,537
2,900
12,636
8,965
3,671
1,515
219
74
146
1,296
214
1.082
725
357
5,943
515
138
378
5,428
1,0S6
4,372
3,946
426
1,456
730
458
272
726
189
537
381
156
Men, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
60,633
987
59,646
4,802
54,845
47,749
7,095
54,592
763
53,829
4,284
49,545
43,316
6,229
4,645
202
4,443
445
3,998
3,391
607
1,397
22
1,375
73
1,301
1,042
260
7,940
2,085
5,656
1,501
4,354
2,516
1,838
1,205
112
1,093
226
866
767
99
6,275
1,889
4,387
1,208
3,178
1,598
1,580
460
84
376
67
309
151
158
3,498
329
3,169
612
2,557
2,284
272
660
393
267
89
177
97
80
Women, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years.
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over..
43,347
700
42,647
3,672
38,975
34,288
4,687
37,567
612
36,955
3,214
33,741
29,766
3,975
4,338
75
4,263
334
3,929
3,433
497
1,443
14
1,429
125
1,305
1,089
216
16,205
2,410
13,795
2,118
11,676
9,220
2,456
1,864
139
1,725
279
1,446
1,280
167
13,285
2,135
11,150
1,692
9,458
7,367
2,091
1,055
136
919
147
772
574
199
2,446
186
2,259
444
1,815
1,662
153
796
337
459
99
360
284
76
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
52,314
870
51,444
4,148
47,296
40,973
6,323
47,091
678
46,413
3,717
42,696
37,164
5,531
4,039
171
3,868
377
3,491
2,935
556
1,163
21
1,163
54
1,109
674
235
6,843
1,876
4,967
1,255
3,712
2,033
1,679
968
95
872
192
680
589
91
5,476
1,706
3,770
1,005
2,765
1,329
1,437
400
74
325
58
267
116
151
2,581
201
2,380
401
1,978
1,755
224
531
322
209
71
137
65
72
Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
35,368
578
34,790
2,925
31,665
27,859
4,006
30,599
501
30,098
2,558
27,540
24,157
3,383
3,615
63
3,552
268
3,284
2,856
428
1,154
14
1,140
99
1,041
846
195
14,220
2,049
12,172
1,793
10,378
8,183
2,195
1,465
115
1,350
229
1,122
988
133
11,819
1,826
9,993
1,437
8,556
6,677
1,879
936
108
828
127
701
516
183
1,640
120
1,520
242
1,278
1,156
122
638
267
370
73
297
227
70
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years ....
25 years and over
25 to 54 years .
55 years and over
5,648
82
5,566
470
5,096
4,590
505
5,040
59
4,981
395
4,585
4,142
443
457
25
433
57
376
333
43
151
736
153
563
152
431
341
90
169
13
156
27
129
124
4
531
137
394
122
272
190
82
36
2
34
3
30
27
4
737
118
619
175
444
416
27
108
64
44
16
29
24
5
Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years ....
25 years and over
25 to 54 years .
55 years and over
5,898
103
5,795
598
5,197
4,690
507
5,137
95
5,042
527
4,515
4,083
432
545
8
537
49
488
429
59
216
1.395
263
1,132
213
920
733
186
321
22
299
45
254
227
27
981
219
763
153
610
465
145
93
22
71
15
56
41
15
691
55
636
174
462
439
23
112
48
64
23
41
36
5
White
Black
' Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time worlters based on their usual
weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work during the
reference week. Persons absent from work are also classified according to their usual
status.
_
152
18
134
115
19
-
216
21
195
178
17
i
' Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for
working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
the household survey.
A-17. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Occupation
16 years
and over
16 years
and over
20 years
and over
20 years
and over
16 years
and over
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
124,992 128,125 66,961
68,573
64,005
65,502
58,031
59,552
55,109
56,442
Mar.
1996
Total
Women
Men
Total
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations
36,186
17,423
705
12,339
4,379
18,763
1,854
1,333
572
925
2,802
992
4,731
850
4,705
37,811
18,341
635
13,190
4,516
19,470
2,054
1,540
505
986
2,867
958
4,887
891
4,782
18,433
9,783
376
7,557
1,851
8,650
1,682
929
433
695
385
560
1,221
598
2,147
19,227
10,264
355
8,057
1,851
8,963
1,823
1,047
358
744
380
542
1,154
648
2,267
18,358
9,759
374
7,537
1,848
8,599
1,682
925
433
695
385
553
1,208
598
2,120
19,103
10,220
355
8,019
1,846
8,883
1,823
1,033
358
744
376
529
1,144
648
2,228
17,753
7,640
330
4,782
2,528
10,113
172
404
139
230
2,417
432
3,509
252
2,558
18,584
8,077
280
5,133
2,664
10,507
231
492
147
242
2,487
416
3,733
243
2,515
17,634
7,607
330
4,758
2,519
10,027
170
404
139
230
2,415
424
3,468
252
2,525
18,459
8,038
280
5,099
2,659
10,421
231
492
147
242
2,482
404
3,702
243
2,476
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales worl^ers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support. Including clerical
37,631
3,817
1,650
1,099
1,068
15,310
4,515
2,526
1,540
6,634
96
18,504
664
390
3,833
2,283
1,044
10,291
38,044
4,126
1,709
1,171
1,246
15,554
4,678
2,535
1,495
6,743
104
18,364
692
426
3,610
2,154
979
10,503
13,489
1,744
334
821
589
7,825
2,819
1,426
1,185
2,375
20
3,919
272
147
81
209
663
2,547
13,743
2,003
366
919
718
7,812
2,899
1,451
1,166
2,277
19
3,927
295
182
87
190
597
2,576
12,795
1,712
329
799
584
7,334
2,805
1,408
1,183
1,918
20
3,749
270
145
70
206
651
2,407
13,039
1,962
365
889
708
7,357
2,874
1,426
1,164
1,875
18
3,720
288
175
77
184
584
2,413
24,141
2,073
1,316
278
479
7,485
1,696
1,100
355
4,258
76
14,584
392
243
3,751
2,074
381
7,743
24,301
2,122
1,343
252
528
7,741
1,778
1,084
328
4,466
85
14,437
397
244
3,522
1,965
381
7,928
22,617
2,061
1,302
279
479
6,508
1,675
1,071
347
3,345
70
14,048
389
240
3,662
2,046
370
7,341
22,632
2,094
1,328
242
524
6,709
1,753
1,057
327
3,489
83
13,828
396
241
3,407
1,933
371
7,480
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service
16,831
803
2,168
13,860
5,600
2,319
3,214
2,728
17,275
767
2,209
14,299
5,826
2,451
3,081
2,941
6,750
43
1,795
4,912
2,412
257
1,763
481
6,822
19
1,810
4,993
2,467
269
1,722
535
5,873
23
1,770
4,080
1,755
253
1,661
411
5,947
16
1,768
4,162
1,828
261
1,597
476
10,081
759
374
8,948
3,187
2,062
1,451
2,247
10,453
748
399
9,306
3,359
2,182
1,358
2,406
9,039
669
353
8,017
2,574
1,974
1,379
2,090
9,375
667
379
8,330
2,664
2,121
1,299
2,246
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
13,277
4,460
4,959
3,859
13,887
4,582
5,331
3,974
12,159
4,285
4,836
3,039
12,700
4,402
5,203
3,095
11,950
4,202
4,756
2,992
12,451
4,317
5,090
3,044
1,118
175
123
820
1,187
180
128
879
1,099
168
116
815
1,171
177
125
870
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
17,804
7,800
5,219
3,958
1,261
4,786
675
4,111
17,931
7,980
5,210
3,917
1,293
4,742
704
4,038
13,498
4,913
4,722
3,504
1,218
3,862
640
3,223
13,512
4,969
4,731
3,497
1,234
3,812
679
3,133
12,561
4,783
4,597
3,406
1,191
3,181
585
2,596
12,558
4,791
4,641
3,438
1,203
3,125
620
2,505
4,306
2,886
497
454
43
923
35
888
4,419
3,010
479
419
60
930
25
905
4,131
2,812
471
429
42
847
34
813
4,241
2,929
463
406
56
849
25
825
3,263
1,303
1,960
3,177
1,259
1,918
2,632
995
1,638
2,569
958
1,611
2,467
986
1,481
2,403
933
1,471
631
309
322
608
301
307
589
308
281
564
293
271
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations
A-18. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Men
Total
Occupation and race
Women
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
124,992
100.0
128,125
100.0
66,961
100.0
68,573
100.0
58,031
100.0
59,552
100.0
29.0
13.9
15.0
30.1
3.1
12.2
14.8
13.5
.6
1.7
11.1
10.6
14.2
6.2
4.2
3.8
2.6
29.5
14.3
15.2
29.7
3.2
12.1
14.3
13.5
.6
1.7
11.2
10.8
14.0
6.2
4.1
3.7
2.5
27.5
14.6
12.9
20.1
2.6
11.7
5.9
10.1
.1
2.7
7.3
18.2
20.2
7.3
7.1
5.8
3.9
28.0
15.0
13.1
20.0
2.9
11.4
5.7
9.9
0
2.6
7.3
18.5
19.7
7.2
6.9
5.6
3.7
30.6
13.2
17.4
41.6
3.6
12.9
25.1
17.4
1.3
.6
15.4
1.9
7.4
5.0
.9
1.6
1.1
31.2
13.6
17.6
40.8
3.6
13.0
24.2
17.6
1.3
.7
15.6
2.0
7.4
5.1
.8
1.6
1.0
106,495
100.0
108,745
100.0
57,857
100.0
59,157
100.0
48,638
100.0
49,589
100.0
30.0
14.6
15.4
30.2
3.0
12.7
14.5
12.3
.6
1.6
10.1
11.1
13.5
5.8
4.1
3.6
2.9
30.7
15.1
15.6
29.7
3.2
12.5
14.0
12.3
.6
1.6
10.2
11.3
13.2
5.7
4.0
3.5
2.7
28.5
15.4
13.1
20.1
2.6
12.2
5.3
9.2
.1
2.6
6.5
18.8
19.1
7.0
6.8
5.3
4.3
29.0
15.8
13.2
20.0
2.9
11.9
5.3
9.0
0
2.5
6.5
19.1
18.8
6.9
6.7
5.2
4.0
31.8
13.7
18.1
42.3
3.6
13.2
25.5
16.1
1.2
.5
14.4
1.9
6.7
4.4
.8
1.5
1.3
32.7
14.3
18.4
41.3
3.6
13.3
24.4
16.3
1.2
.5
14.5
1.9
6.6
4.3
.8
1.5
1.2
13,282
100.0
13,677
100.0
6,307
100.0
6,383
100.0
6,975
100.0
7,293
100.0
19.8
8.9
10.9
28.7
2.8
8.7
17.2
22.2
1.2
2.8
18.2
7.7
20.7
9.2
5.6
5.9
.8
19.0
8.5
10.5
29.7
3.0
8.9
17.7
22.1
.9
2.9
18.3
8.5
19.8
9.0
5.6
5.2
.9
16.8
7.9
9.0
18.3
2.3
6.7
9.3
17.8
.1
3.9
13.7
14.1
31.4
10.7
10.4
10.3
1.6
16.1
8.2
7.9
19.1
3.0
6.9
9.2
17.6
(')
4.5
13.1
15.9
29.5
10.0
10.7
8.9
1.7
22.5
9.8
12.7
38.2
3.3
10.5
24.4
26.1
2.1
1.8
22.2
1.9
11.1
7.9
1.2
2.0
.1
21.5
8.7
12.8
38.9
3.0
10.7
25.2
26.1
1.6
1.5
22.9
2.1
11.3
8.2
1.2
1.9
.1
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands).
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial...
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support.
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations.
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service.
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands).
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial...
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support.
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands).
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial.
Professional specialty .
Technical, sales, and administrative support.
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations.
Administrative support, including clerical.
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service.
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Fanning, forestry, and fishing
' Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
A-19. Employed persons by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
March 1997
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service Industries
Professional services
Public administration
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support
Total
Executive,
AdminisTechniemadminisPrivate
trative
cians
Profesployed
Other
trative,
and
Sales support. housesional
service'
and
hold
Including
specialty related
mQnflsupport
clerical
gerlal
3,166
618
8,015
20,969
12,687
8,282
122
112
1,260
2,952
1,763
1,189
71
47
181
2,045
1,356
689
8,919
26,290
4,911
21,379
1,199
2,484
598
1,885
550
568
103
465
8,267
46,389
880
45,509
31,245
5,493
2,449
6,601
3
6,597
3,963
1,162
318
14,832
1
14,831
12,982
859
24
8
79
776
342
434
153
64
380
2,070
1,184
885
346
268
202 11,057
45 1,910
156 9,147
2,189
2,218
783
1,435
40
17
38
683
455
228
132
2,418
4
2,414
2,069
250
2,053
1,254
-
1,254
252
35
' Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
2,733
7,247
6
7,241
5,373
1,310
Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers
Service
occupations
_
-
_
-
-
-
767
767
-
_
-
Precision
Machine
Farming,
producoperHandlers, forestry,
tion,
Transporators,
and
equipment
craft,
tation
assemfishing
cleaners,
and
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
flnH
and
oi
lu
moving
inspeclaborers
tors
12
10
36
264
147
116
38
222
4,669
3,791
2,683
1,108
7
34
87
6,543
3,825
2,718
49
85
500
788
403
385
37
20
768
968
441
527
2,614
316
4,944
77
4,867
1,238
1,420
312
1,108
144
308
125
183
2,101
1,085
512
573
551
1,895
380
1,515
15
110
66
44
308
9,055
79
8,975
5,512
1,563
190
2,129
3
2,126
439
190
7
812
13
535
31
449
3
446
69
21
31
290
14
276
74
12
-
_
812
213
38
535
299
53
controls used in the household survey.
-
15
90
88
2
A-20. Employed persons In agriculture and nonagrlcultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
March 1997
Agriculture
Nonagrlcultural Industries
Wage and salary workers
Age and sex
Wage
SelfUnpaid
and
employed family
salary
workers workers
workers
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,764
175
68
107
286
440
417
271
130
45
1,348
12
8
4
35
214
328
262
255
241
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
1,380
140
57
83
217
358
304
227
97
36
993
8
6
2
28
155
259
172
180
191
384
35
11
24
69
82
113
44
33
8
355
5
2
2
6
59
70
90
74
50
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
55
25
14
11
7
16
2
-
3
3
38
18
8
10
7
10
-
1
2
17
6
-
5
2
-
3
-
NOTE: Beginning In January 1997, data reflect revised population
Private Industries
Total
Total
Unpaid
Selfemployed family
Other Government workers workers
Private
private
household
Industries
workers
115,601
5,888
2,191
3,695
11,466
29,436
31,976
23,605
10,457
2,777
97,319
5,622
2,112
3,510
10,414
25,695
26,545
18,281
8,420
2,342
875
85
36
49
113
137
204
162
121
51
96,444
5,537
2,075
3,461
10,301
25,559
26,340
18,119
8,299
2,291
18,282
264
79
185
1,052
3,740
5,431
5,324
2,037
435
9,245
74
28
46
297
1,645
2,780
2,306
1,408
736
113
11
3
8
4
25
26
25
17
5
60,457
2,856
1,057
1,799
5,875
15,821
16,769
12,153
5,480
1,502
52,471
2,747
1,023
1,724
5,437
14,166
14,464
9,820
4,544
1,294
51
6
1
4
7,986
109
34
75
439
1,655
2,306
2,334
936
209
5,673
39
14
25
175
970
1,666
1,388
939
496
32
7
52,420
2,741
1,021
1,720
5,436
14,152
14,451
9,808
4,544
1,287
55,144
3,030
1,134
1,896
5,591
13,615
15,206
11,451
4,976
1,275
44,848
2,875
1,089
1,786
4,977
11,529
12,081
8,461
3,875
1,049
824
80
35
45
113
122
192
151
121
45
44,024
2,796
1,054
1,741
4,864
11,407
11,889
8,310
3,754
1,004
10,296
154
45
110
613
2,085
3,126
2,990
1,101
226
3,572
35
14
21
122
675
1,114
918
470
240
-
14
13
12
-
controls used In the household survey.
_
3
1
3
6
3
6
4
80
-
_
3
22
20
22
11
2
A-21. Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricuiturai industries by hours of woric
March 1997
Percent distribution
Thousands of persons
Hours of work
All
industries
Nonagricuiturai
industries
Agriculture
All
industries
Agriculture
Nonagricuiturai
industries
123,771
2,998
120,772
100.0
100.0
100.0
1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours
30,768
1,300
5,052
15,599
8,817
1,003
67
196
552
187
29,766
1,233
4,856
15,047
8,630
24.9
1.1
4.1
12.6
7.1
33.4
2.2
6.6
18.4
6.2
24.6
1.0
4.0
12.5
7.1
35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
93,002
8,500
45,100
39,401
14,767
14,442
10,193
1,996
152
628
1,215
256
404
555
91,006
8,348
44,472
38,186
14,511
14,037
9,637
75.1
6.9
36.4
31.8
11.9
11.7
8.2
66.6
5.1
21.0
40.5
8.5
13.5
18.5
75.4
6.9
36.8
31.6
12.0
11.6
8.0
39.3
43.5
40.1
46.7
39.2
43.4
-
-
-
Total, 16 years and over
41 to 48 hours
60 hours and over
Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time
redesigned survey. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
NOTE: Detail on persons at work in tables A-21 through A-25 may not sum
to the totals shown because of minor editing problems associated with the
A-22. Persons at worl( 1 to 34 hours in aii and nonagricuiturai industries by reason for woridng iess than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers In thousands)
March 1997
All industries
Nonagricuiturai industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
Total
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
30,768
8,982
21,786
29,766
8,658
21,108
4,277
2,459
1,542
120
157
1,408
1,165
2,869
1,294
1,542
33
4,075
2,329
1,516
72
157
1,305
1,098
2,770
1,231
1,516
22
26,491
732
5,806
807
6,750
1,940
2,793
88
616
6,959
7,574
82
743
7,353
80
731
2,793
88
616
3,189
3,770
25,691
723
5,638
767
6,601
1,826
2,751
86
529
6,770
2,751
86
529
3,115
3,656
22.8
21.0
23.5
25.3
22.4
19.3
22.8
21.1
23.5
25.4
22.5
19.4
-
87
157
-
63
-
-
18,918
650
5,063
807
6,688
1,940
-
_
50
157
-
62
-
-
18,338
643
4,907
767
6,540
1,826
-
_
-
A-23. Persons at work In nonagrlcultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1997
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Industry and class of worker
Average hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
Total 16 years and over
120,772
29,766
Wage and salary workers
112,029
For
economic
reasons
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
4,075
7,353
18,338
91,006
39.2
43.4
26,748
3,546
6,776
16,426
85,281
39.2
43.2
587
55
8
43
3
532
47.6
47.9
6,282
1,272
380
523
369
5,011
40.1
41.8
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
20,041
12,116
7,927
2,274
1,238
1,036
318
119
199
1,168
717
450
788
401
387
17,768
10,877
6,891
42.6
43.1
41.8
43.6
44.0
43.1
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
8,238
23,694
7,381
1,310
7,997
1,321
167
1,178
122
524
984
451
620
5,835
748
6,928
15,697
6,060
42.1
36.8
40.2
44.2
43.5
42.7
Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration
40,424
835
39,589
5,381
11,726
526
11,200
793
1,320
137
1,183
53
2,600
54
2,546
483
7,806
335
7,471
257
28,698
309
28,389
4,588
37.7
28.0
37.9
41.2
42.8
41.5
42.8
42.4
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
8,631
113
2,957
61
517
12
573
4
1,867
45
5,673
52
39.5
35.8
46.6
D
Mining
Construction
' Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
A-24. Persons at work In nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1997
Average hours
Worked 1 to 34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
at
work
Total
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over...
25 to 54 years
55 years and over.
120,772
5,732
2,145
3,586
115,040
11,365
103,676
89,042
14,634
29,766
4,344
2,012
2,332
25,422
3,947
21,475
16,857
4,618
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over....
25 to 54 years
55 years and over.
64,408
2,809
1,028
1,781
61,599
5,920
55,680
47,634
8,046
Women, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Age, sex, race, and marital status
For
economic
reasons
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
4,075
290
31
259
3,785
618
3,167
2,726
441
7,353
199
21
178
7,154
576
6,578
5,740
838
18,338
3,855
1,960
1,895
14,483
2,753
11,730
8,391
3,339
91,006
1,388
133
1,254
89,619
7,417
82,201
72,186
10,016
39.2
23.0
16.9
26.7
40.1
35.7
40.5
41.1
36.9
43.4
38.4
37.3
38.5
43.5
41.9
43.6
43.7
42.9
11,208
2,076
961
1,115
9,132
1,745
7,387
5,356
2,032
1,872
138
9
129
1,734
311
1,423
1,204
219
3,551
145
18
127
3,406
300
3,106
2,686
421
5,785
1,793
935
858
3,992
1,135
2,857
1,466
1,391
53,200
733
67
CCA
DDQ
52,467
4,175
48,292
42,278
6,014
42.1
23.8
17.3
27.5
42.9
37.6
43.5
44.2
39.2
44.8
38.0
36.6
38.1
44.9
42.8
45.1
45.3
44.0
56,364
2,923
1,117
1,806
53,441
5,445
47,996
41,408
6,588
18,558
2,268
1,050
1,217
16,290
2,202
14,088
11,501
2,587
2,202
152
22
130
2,051
307
1,744
1,522
222
3,802
54
3
51
3,748
277
3,472
3,054
417
12,553
2,062
1,025
1,037
10,491
1,619
8,872
6,925
1,948
37,806
655
67
588
37,151
3,243
33,909
29,907
4,001
36.0
22.3
16.5
25.8
36.7
33.7
37.1
37.6
34.1
41.4
38.9
0
38.9
41.4
40.7
41.5
41.5
41.3
White, 16 years and over.
Men
Women
102,210
55,383
46,826
25,724
9,666
16,058
3,316
1,541
1,774
6,228
3,081
3,147
16,180
5,043
11,137
76,486
45,718
30,766
39.3
42.3
35.7
43.6
45.0
41.5
Black, 16 years and over .
Men
Women
13,097
6,121
6,976
2,868
1,086
1,782
589
243
346
837
349
488
1,441
494
948
10,229
5,035
5,194
38.5
40.3
37.0
41.5
42.6
40.5
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
39,822
7,693
16,893
4,918
1,203
5,087
836
271
765
2,240
483
828
1,842
449
3,494
34,904
6,490
11,806
44.0
42.5
37.4
45.5
44.4
43.2
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
30,883
11,473
14,008
10,042
2,963
5,552
964
559
679
2,159
842
801
6,918
1,562
4,073
20,841
8,509
8,455
36.1
38.1
34.0
41.2
41.8
41.4
TOTAL
Race
Marital status
' Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used In the household survey.
A-25. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1997
Average hours
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Occupation and sex
Total, 16 years and over'
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over'
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over'
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
Data not shown where base Is iess than 75,000.
Total
at
work
For noneconomic
reasons
Total
For
economic
reasons
Usually
work
full
time
Usually
work
part
time
Worked
35 hours
or more
Total
at
work
Persons who
usually work
full time
120,769
29,810
4,093
7,331
18,386
90,959
39.2
43.4
36,650
17,853
18,797
36,700
4,007
14,990
17,703
16,594
738
2,123
13,733
13,412
17,413
7,783
5,030
4,601
6,719
2,360
4,359
10,625
839
4,610
5,176
6,880
469
320
6,091
2,029
3,557
1,147
946
1,464
596
218
378
1,081
89
620
372
1,123
119
33
971
567
726
223
200
303
2,330
980
1,350
2,265
292
656
1,317
792
53
106
633
924
1,020
495
265
260
3,793
1,162
2,632
7,279
457
3,335
3,487
4,965
298
180
4,487
537
1,811
430
480
901
29,931
15,493
14,438
26,075
3,168
10,380
12,526
9,714
269
1,803
7,642
11,383
13,856
6,635
4,084
3,137
42.1
44.2
40.1
37.4
39.8
38.3
36.1
34.1
27.1
42.4
33.2
41.7
40.0
40.6
42.8
35.9
45.1
46.0
44.1
42.4
42.5
44.7
40.5
42.0
39.7
45.0
41.4
43.0
42.9
42.0
45.8
41.1
64,271
11,179
1,889
3,524
5,766
53,092
42.1
44.8
18,808
10,028
8,780
13,406
1,957
7,614
3,835
6,587
19
1,742
4,825
12,298
13,173
4,885
4,578
3,710
2,387
1,009
1,378
2,546
275
1,415
856
1,978
10
227
1,741
1,815
2,453
561
766
1,126
275
138
137
275
26
166
82
293
3
27
263
539
507
96
180
231
979
453
526
717
125
336
256
289
16,421
9,019
7,402
10,860
1,682
6,199
2,979
4,608
9
1,516
3,084
10,483
10,720
4,324
3,811
2,585
45.1
46.5
43.4
41.7
42.2
42.9
39.0
37.3
47.0
47.9
46.0
45.1
43.9
46.7
42.5
43.3
84
206
852
687
261
239
186
1,133
418
715
1,554
123
913
518
1,396
7
116
1,273
424
1,259
203
348
709
43.6
35.1
41.9
40.9
41.9
43.6
36.3
45.6
42.2
43.1
43.7
43.0
46.1
41.4
56,498
18,631
2,204
3,807
12,619
37,867
36.0
41.4
17,843
7,826
10,017
23,294
2,049
7,377
13,868
10,007
719
381
8,908
1,113
4,240
2,898
452
891
4,332
1,351
2,981
8,079
564
3,195
4,320
4,902
459
93
4,349
214
1,105
587
179
338
320
80
241
806
63
453
290
830
116
6
708
29
219
126
21
72
1,351
527
824
1,548
167
320
1,061
502
52
23
427
72
334
234
26
74
2,661
744
1,917
5,724
334
2,422
2,969
3,569
291
64
3,214
113
552
227
133
192
13,510
6,475
7,036
15,215
1,486
4,182
9,547
5,106
260
287
4,559
900
3,136
2,311
273
552
39.0
41.2
37.2
35.0
37.6
33.6
35.3
32.0
27.0
37.1
32.2
39.6
37.2
38.4
34.9
34.3
42.8
43.6
42.1
40.5
41.0
41.9
39.9
40.9
39.5
42.1
40.9
42.0
40.3
40.2
41.9
39.7
-
A-26. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men
Marital status, race, and age
Thousands of
persons
Women
Unemployment
rates
Thousands of
persons
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Total, 16 years and over
Mamed, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
4,483
1,567
635
2,261
4,158
1,415
633
2,110
6.3
3.6
7.6
11.7
5.7
3.2
7.1
10.5
3,217
1,178
711
1,328
White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
3,405
1,317
490
1,599
3,112
1,186
483
1,443
5.6
3.4
7.1
10.1
5.0
3.1
6.6
8.9
Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
894
177
130
586
846
159
116
571
12.4
5.3
11.8
21.1
Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
2,972
1,472
595
906
2,734
1,327
591
816
White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
2,309
1,234
456
619
Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
549
169
126
255
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
3,241
1,097
738
1,406
5.3
3.5
5.7
8.6
5.2
3.2
5.8
8.7
2,345
994
510
842
2,278
898
536
844
4.6
3.4
5.2
7.2
4.4
3.0
5.3
7.0
11.7
4.9
9.8
20.3
723
122
175
427
803
141
167
495
9.4
4.9
8.0
14.2
9.9
5.4
7.7
14.9
4.9
3.5
7.4
8.7
4.4
3.1
6.9
7.6
2,171
1,073
661
437
2,175
990
670
515
4.2
3.4
5.5
5.7
4.1
3.1
5.4
6.4
2,116
1,132
455
529
4.4
3.3
6.8
7.5
4.0
3.0
6.4
6.3
1,627
912
471
244
1,575
825
480
271
3.8
3.2
5.0
4.5
3.6
2.9
4.9
4.8
472
127
105
241
9.3
5.3
11.7
15.5
7.9
4.1
9.0
14.0
448
103
167
179
503
114
163
227
7.0
4.3
7.8
9.6
7.6
4.5
7.7
11.3
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
Unemployment
rates
controls used in the household survey.
A-27. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Unemployment rates
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Women
Men
Total
Total
Occupation
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
7,700
7,399
5.8
5.5
6.3
5.7
5.3
5.2
849
453
396
766
403
363
2.3
2.5
2.1
2.0
2.2
1.8
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.0
1.9
2.0
2.4
2.8
2.0
2.0
2.5
1.7
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
1,739
107
861
771
1,698
126
852
720
4.4
2.7
5.3
4.0
4.3
3.0
5.2
3.8
4.3
2.7
4.5
4.6
3.8
2.5
3.9
4.1
4.5
2.8
6.1
3.8
4.5
3.4
6.4
3.7
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
1,355
72
55
1,228
1,311
54
81
1,175
7.5
8.3
2.5
8.1
7.1
6.6
3.5
7.6
8.4
0
2.5
10.4
7.6
0
3.6
8.9
6.8
7.9
2.4
6.9
6.7
6.4
3.3
6.9
991
212
608
171
872
157
546
170
6.9
4.5
10.9
4.2
5.9
3.3
9.3
4.1
7.2
4.6
10.9
4.5
6.0
3.3
9.3
4.0
4.0
2.2
9.7
3.4
4.6
3.0
7.9
4.4
1,852
782
358
713
181
532
1,806
622
370
814
250
564
9.4
9.1
6.4
13.0
21.1
11.5
9.1
7.2
6.6
14.7
26.2
12.3
9.2
8.1
6.5
13.4
21.9
11.5
8.9
5.8
6.5
15.2
25.9
12.4
10.2
10.8
5.6
10.9
0
11.2
10.0
9.5
7.7
12.6
Farming, forestry, and fishing
369
338
10.1
9.6
9.8
9.4
11.5
10.6
No previous worl< experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
511
350
74
87
568
356
95
116
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Total, 16 years and over'
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Constnjction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and Inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
' Includes a small number of persons whose last job was In the Armed
Forces.
' Data not shown where base Is less than 75,000.
ft
11.7
NOTE: Beginning In January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used In the household survey.
A-28. Unemployed persons by Industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service Industries
Professional services
Other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
7,700
7,399
5.8
5.5
6.3
5.7
5.3
5.2
6,187
5,814
6.2
5.6
6.7
5.9
5.5
5.4
44
883
30
869
7.4
13.5
4.7
12.6
8.0
14.4
4.6
13.1
3.3
5.8
5.4
8.1
1,168
663
69
48
33
35
80
102
76
123
77
45
22
75
505
160
36
100
25
65
38
39
43
988
513
76
60
49
14
39
70
54
86
53
32
22
43
475
129
36
90
28
76
42
50
24
5.6
5.3
8.4
7.5
5.2
4.2
6.1
4.0
4.0
5.4
5.9
4.7
2.9
10.1
5.9
8.5
5.8
10.1
3.8
3.7
2.8
4.3
11.4
4.6
4.0
9.0
8.5
7.5
1.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
3.6
3.9
3.2
2.7
6.3
5.5
7.4
5.4
9.2
4.4
4.2
2.9
5.4
6.1
5.1
5.3
9.3
7.5
4.7
3.6
5.5
3.9
4.3
5.3
6.2
3.9
2.5
10.3
4.8
6.3
7.3
9.3
3.6
3.2
2.1
4.3
8.8
4.2
3.8
7.8
9.4
8.0
1.6
2.2
2.6
2.2
3.6
3.6
3.6
2.7
5.1
5.0
6.8
3.0
8.3
5.1
4.7
2.9
3.9
7.2
6.6
5.6
3.0
7.8
7.2
6.9
8.2
4.3
3.5
5.8
4.6
7.2
3.7
10.2
7.6
12.9
4.2
10.5
4.2
4.4
4.4
4.5
16.3
5.5
4.6
14.4
6.3
6.1
2.9
4.9
3.0
3.7
3.7
4.7
1.9
2.7
8.0
6.4
8.8
8.4
9.8
2.4
3.5
2.9
8.5
4.0
311
237
75
1,844
207
1,637
179
1,758
620
1,138
312
220
92
1,781
164
1,617
228
1,606
555
1,050
4.5
5.5
2.8
7.2
4.3
7.9
2.4
5.4
3.2
8.7
4.3
4.9
3.4
6.8
3.4
7.6
3.0
4.8
2.8
7.8
4.6
6.1
2.0
7.0
3.7
8.0
2.7
6.2
3.1
8.8
4.6
5.4
3.0
6.2
2.7
7.3
3.1
5.1
2.5
7.2
4.1
3.8
4.6
7.5
5.8
7.7
2.2
4.9
3.3
8.5
3.8
3.5
4.1
7.5
5.0
7.8
2.9
4.7
2.9
8.4
280
721
511
252
766
568
14.0
2.4
12.5
2.6
14.3
2.6
12.4
3.0
12.9
2.2
12.8
2.1
•
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
Women
Men
Total
Total
Industry
Total, 16 years and over
Unemployment rates
controls used in the household survey.
A-29. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
(Numbers In thousands)
Reason
Men,
20 years
and over
Total,
16 years
and over
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Both sexes.
16 to 19
years
Women,
20 years
and over
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
White
Black
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
5,751
3,014
1,056
1,958
1,490
468
642
1,748
347
5,389 1,617 1,649
591
2,754
694
1,081
122
168
470
1,673
526
1,213
279
365
460
191
161
610
132
168
1,645
733
669
157
380
122
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
7,700
3,849
1,266
2,583
1,925
658
806
2,534
511
7,399
3,493
1,250
2,243
1,560
683
808
2,530
568
3,749
2,512
903
1,609
1,186
423
363
829
45
3,435
2,198
876
1,323
913
410
359
823
55
2,701
1,175
298
877
682
195
331
1,079
116
2,718
1,132
304
829
591
238
366
1,063
156
1,250
162
65
97
58
40
112
626
350
1,246
162
71
91
56
36
83
644
356
100.0
50.0
16.4
33.6
10.5
32.9
6.6
100.0
47.2
16.9
30.3
10.9
34.2
7.7
100.0
67.0
24.1
42.9
9.7
22.1
1.2
100.0
64.0
25.5
38.5
10.4
24.0
1.6
100.0
43.5
11.0
32.5
12.3
39.9
4.3
100.0
41.7
11.2
30.5
13.5
39.1
5.7
100.0
12.9
5.2
7.8
8.9
50.1
28.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
13.0 52.4 51.1 42.9 35.9
5.7 18.4 20.1 10.4
7.4
7.3 34.0 31.0 32.5 28.5
6.7 11.2 11.3
8.2 10.2
51.7 30.4 30.5 41.4 44.4
9.5
28.6
6.0
7.1
7.6
2.9
.6
1.9
.4
2.6
.6
1.9
.4
3.7
.5
1.2
.1
3.2
.5
1.2
.1
2.0
.6
1.9
.2
1.9
.6
1.8
.3
2.3
1.6
8.8
4.9
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
2.2
1.1
8.7
4.8
2.7
.6
1.6
.3
2.4
.5
1.4
.3
4.7
.9
4.5
.8
3.9
1.1
4.8
1.0
A-30. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
March 1997
Duration of unemployment
Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age
15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Percent
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
7,399
100.0
31.3
36.0
32.7
17.0
15.7
3,493
1,250
2,243
1,560
683
808
2,530
568
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
32.5
41.9
27.2
27.2
27.3
33.0
28.9
31.8
35.0
35.6
34.7
32.6
39.4
38.4
38.4
28.1
32.6
22.5
38.1
40.3
33.3
28.5
32.7
40.0
19.2
17.0
20.5
21.3
18.6
15.7
14.5
16.4
13.3
5.5
17.7
18.9
14.7
12.8
18.2
23.6
3,435
100.0
26.2
36.4
37.3
19.8
17.6
2,198
876
1,323
913
410
359
823
55
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
27.9
37.0
21.9
21.9
21.8
25.5
22.0
(')
36.2
38.3
34.7
33.7
37.0
36.0
38.2
(')
35.9
24.7
43.4
44.4
41.2
38.5
39.8
(')
21.3
18.6
23.1
23.5
22.2
19.3
16.6
(')
14.6
6.1
20.3
20.9
19.0
19.3
23.1
(')
2,718
100.0
34.4
34.4
31.2
15.6
15.6
1,132
304
829
591
238
366
1,063
156
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
38.0
47.9
34.3
34.1
35.0
36.7
32.0
19.4
33.1
32.2
33.4
30.2
41.4
39.2
34.9
29.0
28.9
19.8
32.3
35.8
23.6
24.1
33.1
51.7
16.6
14.7
17.3
18.2
15.0
14.9
14.2
20.5
12.4
5.1
15.0
17.6
8.7
9.2
18.9
31.2
1,246
100.0
38.3
38.3
23.3
12.4
10.9
162
71
91
56
36
83
644
356
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
55.5
0
39.8
(')
(')
49.3
32.7
38.1
32.6
(')
45.0
0
(')
45.7
44.3
28.5
11.9
(')
15.2
0
(')
5.0
23.0
33.4
9.9
(')
11.6
0
(')
4.5
12.1
16.0
2.0
(')
3.6
0
(")
.5
10.9
17.4
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
' Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household sun/ey.
A-31. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Full-time workers
Total
Duration of unemployment
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
Thousands of persons
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
7,700
7,399
100.0
100.0
6,193
5,943
100.0
100.0
2,303
2,578
1,761
817
2,819
1,398
1,421
634
787
2,313
2,663
1,743
920
2,423
1,259
1,164
534
630
29.9
33.5
22.9
10.6
36.6
18.2
18.5
8.2
10.2
31.3
36.0
23.6
12.4
32.7
17.0
15.7
7.2
8.5
1,649
2,067
1,376
691
2,477
1,209
1,268
555
713
1,680
2,123
1,341
782
2,140
1,107
1,034
469
565
26.6
33.4
22.2
11.2
40.0
19.5
20.5
9.0
11.5
28.3
35.7
22.6
13.2
36.0
18.6
17.4
7.9
9.5
18.2
9.8
16.3
9.3
-
-
10.9
'li
10.3
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
Percent distribution
controls used in the household survey.
-
-
A-32. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
March 1997
Weeks
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Less
than
5 weeks
Total
15 weeks and over
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
7,399
1,246
1,244
1,781
1,639
907
445
137
2,313
477
440
521
414
269
131
61
2,663
478
492
650
563
324
134
23
2,423
291
312
611
662
315
180
52
1,259
155
170
355
339
139
80
22
1,164
136
142
256
323
176
100
31
16.3
12.8
12.7
15.5
19.1
20.0
21.3
19.5
9.3
7.3
7.9
10.4
10.9
10.1
10.5
8.7
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
4,158
723
701
957
910
514
277
76
1,185
284
220
238
204
135
72
31
1,537
286
295
373
317
172
85
9
1,435
152
186
346
389
207
119
35
758
79
113
198
205
94
57
12
678
74
74
148
184
113
62
23
17.0
12.8
12.5
16.2
19.2
22.7
21.6
25.7
9.9
7.2
8.3
11.7
11.5
11.2
11.5
11.7
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,241
523
543
824
729
393
168
61
1,128
193
221
282
210
133
59
30
1,126
192
197
277
246
152
49
13
987
138
125
264
273
108
61
17
501
76
58
157
134
45
22
9
486
63
68
108
138
63
38
8
15.5
12.9
12.9
14.6
18.9
16.6
20.8
(')
8.6
7.4
7.3
8.6
10.2
8.9
9.4
0
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
5,389
3,112
2,278
1,869
992
876
1,904
1,145
759
1,617
975
642
916
555
361
701
420
281
14.5
14.8
14.0
8.5
9.0
7.7
Black, 16 years and over
1,649
846
803
364
150
215
600
311
289
685
385
299
286
169
117
398
216
182
21.9
24.0
19.7
11.9
13.1
10.7
Race
Women
i
Marital status
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,415
633
2,110
351
153
682
523
237
778
541
244
650
277
143
337
264
101
313
18.8
17.9
15.4
10.5
11.5
9.0
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,097
738
1,406
343
282
503
413
225
487
341
230
416
194
107
200
147
123
216
16.0
16.1
14.9
8.8
8.4
8.4
' Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
A-33. Unemployed persons by occupation, Industry, and duration of unemployment
March 1997
Weeks
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry
Total
15 weeks and over
Less
than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Sen/ice occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
766
1,698
1,311
872
1,806
338
218
600
453
270
481
107
303
605
424
311
734
106
245
493
433
290
590
125
103
249
205
192
321
85
142
244
228
98
270
40
17.5
14.8
17.3
14.8
16.1
14.8
9.2
8.7
8.8
9.5
9.6
10.4
252
886
990
513
477
346
1,790
238
1,831
127
92
212
272
130
141
115
605
80
614
19
77
380
351
203
147
127
681
80
622
53
83
295
367
180
188
104
503
78
596
54
56
181
178
95
83
55
259
50
286
41
28
114
190
85
105
49
244
29
309
14
14.6
15.5
18.0
16.3
19.9
15.1
15.0
17.2
16.6
15.1
9.3
10.6
9.2
8.8
9.9
8.8
8.9
9.4
9.0
11.6
568
181
160
227
93
134
20.5
10.1
INDUSTRY'
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
No previous work experience
' Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household sun/ey.
A-34. Persons not In the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)
Category
Mar.
1996
Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now'
Want a job'
Did not search for work in previous year
Searched for work in previous year^
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects'
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other'
Mar.
1997
16 to 24
years
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
55 years
and over
25 to 54
years
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Women
Men
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
67,229 66,989 11,816 11,862 18,806 18,457 36,607 36,670 24,419 24,656 42,810 42,333
61,829 62,040 9,868 9,940 16,186 16,212 35,775 35,888 22,187 22,547 39,643 39,493
2,108 3,167
782
2,233
2,840
1,948
1,921
2,620 2,245
832
5,400 4,949
1,926
1,641
1,050
1,213
594
511
1,198
1,119
1,035
1,480
3,124 2,760
270
989
1,241
898
886
1,140
1,032
239
1,035
1,200
2,276 2,189
33
306
409
412
376
369
273
315
43
283
693
717
717
237
752
683
832
521
517
867
195
788
1,584
1,471
451
1,132
158
276
112
585
356
1,115
162
285
94
574
' Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
^ Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
^ Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.
Sex
Age
Total
94
427
36
207
24
160
78
439
29
234
18
157
306
562
107
69
61
324
221
496
108
48
46
295
51
144
16
-
27
101
57
180
24
3
30
122
261
491
23
156
30
282
185
498
26
152
50
270
190
641
135
120
83
303
171
617
136
133
44
304
* Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls
used in the household survey.
A-3S. Multiple Jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
Both sexes
Number
Characteristic
Mar.
1996
Men
Rate'
Mar.
1997
Women
Number
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Rate'
Mar.
1997
Number
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Rate'
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
AGE
Total, 16 years and over^
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
7,905
260
7,645
816
6,829
6,151
678
542
137
7,862
278
7,585
781
6,804
6,059
744
628
117
6.3
4.4
6.4
6.8
6.4
6.7
4.4
4.6
3.-7
6.1
4.5
6.2
6.5
6.2
6.5
4.6
5.1
3.1
4,117
120
3,997
358
3,639
3,224
415
317
98
4,055
117
3,938
382
3,556
3,143
413
334
79
6.1
4.1
6.2
5.7
6.3
6.6
4.8
5.0
4.5
5.9
3.8
6.0
6.1
6.0
6.3
4.6
5.0
3.5
3,788
139
3,648
457
3,191
2,928
263
224
39
3,807
161
3,646
399
3,247
2,916
331
294
37
6.5
4.8
6.6
8.0
6.5
6.9
3.9
4.3
2.6
6.4
5.2
6.5
6.9
6.4
6.7
4.6
5.3
2.4
6,929
712
482
6,856
727
534
6.5
5.4
4.3
6.3
5.3
4.3
3,629
367
261
3,541
361
308
6.3
5.8
3.8
6.0
5.7
4.1
3,300
345
220
3,315
366
227
6.8
4.9
5.0
6.7
5.0
4.7
4,594
1,335
1,977
4,308
1,487
2,067
6.2
6.9
6.3
5.7
7.3
6.3
2,730
449
939
2,526
531
998
6.5
5.8
5.5
6.0
6.4
5.6
1,864
886
1,038
1,782
957
1,068
5.8
7.6
7.4
5.4
8.0
7.3
4,687
1,751
214
1,213
4,546
1,687
196
1,398
_
_
2,642
499
133
755
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
1,963
1,246
54
511
1,903
1,188
63
643
_
-
2,724
505
160
702
_
-
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job
-
i
-
-
-
-
-
-
i
' Multiple joblnolders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
' Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the
household survey.
A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Veteran status
and age
Percent of
labor force
Number
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
Mar.
1996
Mar.
1997
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over
7,709
6,505
1,320
3,104
2,081
1,204
7,794
6,378
1,095
2,824
2,459
1,416
6,592
5,875
1,188
2,824
1,864
716
6,686
5,795
983
2,576
2,236
891
6,330
5,638
1,138
2,704
1,795
692
6,454
5,592
937
2,490
2,165
862
262
238
50
120
68
24
232
204
46
86
72
28
4.0
4.0
4.2
4.2
3.7
3.4
3.5
3.5
4.7
3.3
3.2
3.2
18,095
8,459
5,656
3,980
19,049
8,826
6,022
4,201
16,239
7,748
5,115
3,375
17,275
8,127
5,502
3,646
15,564
7,413
4,904
3,247
16,636
7,823
5,319
3,494
674
335
212
128
639
304
183
152
4.2
4.3
4.1
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.3
4.2
NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in
January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in
household survey.
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major Industry, 1947 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month
Total
Total
private
Total
Mining
Constmction
Sen/ice-producing
Manufacturing
Total
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Wholesale
trade
Retail
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and
Services
real
estate
Government
Federal
State
Local
0)
0
(')
(')
(')
Annual averages
1947
1948
1949
43,857
44,866
43,754
38,382
39,216
37,897
18,509
18,774
17,565
955
994
930
2,009
2,198
2,194
15,545
15,582
14,441
25,348
26,092
26,189
4,166
4,189
4,001
2,476
2,612
2,610
6,477
6,659
6,654
1,728
1,800
1,828
5,025
5,181
5,239
1,892
1,863
1,906
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959»
45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53,270
39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186
18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,967
19,513
20,411
901
929
698
866
791
792
822
828
751
732
2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004
15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,682
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675
26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,669
31,811
32,857
4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011
2,643
2,735
2,621
2,662
2,675
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092
6,743
7,007
7,184
7,365
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035
1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549
5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,706
6,765
7,067
1,926
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233
(')
1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484
(')
(')
(')
(')
(')
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,230
4,366
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384
45,636
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,666
50,669
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189
20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361
712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619
2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,246
3,350
3,575
16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
16,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167
33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
36,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023
4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,266
4,318
4,442
3,153
3,142
3,207
3,256
3,347
3,477
3,606
3,700
3,791
3,919
8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785
2,628
2,688
2,754
2,630
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512
7,376
7,619
7,962
8,277
6,660
9,036
9,496
10,045
10,567
11,169
2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,376
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758
1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533
4,547
4,706
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
66,697
69,623
58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876
23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461
623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958
3,588
3,704
3,669
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463
19,367
16,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040
47,302
48,276
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363
4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136
4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,965
5,221
11,034
11,338
11,622
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972
3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4.975
11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112
2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,746
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773
2,664
2,747
2,659
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541
7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
6,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
90,406
91,152
89,544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,210
107,895
74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82,651
84,948
87,824
90,117
25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24,674
25,125
25,254
1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
713
692
4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380
4,666
4,810
4,958
5,098
5,171
20,285
20,170
18,780
16,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
18,999
19,314
19,391
64,748
65,732
66,821
69,690
72,544
74,811
77,264
80,086
82,642
5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5,233
5,247
5,362
5,514
5,625
5,292
5,375
5,295
5,263
5,566
5,727
5,761
5,846
6,030
6,187
15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17,315
17,880
18,422
19,023
19,475
5,160
5,298
5,340
5,466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6,668
17,690
16,615
19,021
19,664
20,746
21,927
22,957
24,110
25,504
26,907
2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,675
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988
3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,182
9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,609
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
109,419
108,256
108,604
110,730
114,172
117,203
119,554
91,115
89,854
89,959
91,889
95,044
97,892
100,094
24,905
23,745
23,231
23,352
23,908
24,206
24,259
709
689
635
610
601
580
570
5,120
4,650
4,492
4,668
4,986
5,158
5,407
19,076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,321
18,468
18,282
84,514
84,511
85,373
87.376
90,264
92,997
95,296
5,793
5,762
5,721
5,829
5,993
6,165
6,316
6,173
6,081
5,997
5,981
6,162
6,412
6,587
19,601
19,284
19,356
19,773
20,507
21,173
21,597
6,709
6,646
6,602
6,757
6,896
6,830
6,977
27,934
28,336
29,052
30,197
31,579
33,107
34,359
3,085
2,966
2,969
2,915
2,870
2,757
4,305
4,355
4,408
4,488
4,576
4,642
4,645
10,914
11,081
11,267
11,438
11,682
11,847
12,059
65,655
D
(')
D
(')
D
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1996:
March.
April.
May
June
July.
August
September .
October
November ..
December...
1997:
January
February"....
March"
118,750
116,922
119,332
119,537
119,772
120,052
120,050
120,311
120,492
120,723
99,356
99,527
99,873
100,091
100,288
100,446
100,531
100,803
100,995
101,199
24,196
24,209
24,263
24,274
24,264
24,298
24,257
24,284
24,319
24,356
574
573
576
575
570
570
567
566
566
566
5,341
5,353
5,384
5,401
5,427
5,437
5,449
5,464
5,491
5,520
18,281
18,283
18,303
18,298
18,267
18,291
18,241
18,254
16,262
18,270
94,554
94,713
95,069
95,263
95,508
95,754
95,793
96,027
96,173
96,367
6,292
6,294
6,309
6,329
6,333
6,342
6,337
6,338
6,350
6,340
6,548
6,550
6,567
6,575
6,585
6,603
6,619
6,643
6,651
6,655
21,350
21,415
21,485
21,568
21,671
21,672
21,702
21,803
21,857
21,931
6,931
6,942
6,964
6,967
6,987
6,999
7,009
7,026
7,038
7,052
34,039
34,117
34,285
34,378
34,448
34,532
34,607
34,709
34,780
34,865
2,780
2,776
2,776
2,756
2,752
2,739
2,739
2,731
2,733
2,729
4,639
4,643
4,655
4,654
4,659
4,674
4,658
4,640
4,640
4,642
11,975
11,976
12,028
12,036
12,073
12,193
12,122
12,137
12,124
12,153
120,982
121,275
121,450
101,438
101,688
101,882
24,399
24,513
24,501
568
571
570
5,535
5,643
5,616
18,296
18,299
18,315
96,583
96,762
96,949
6,378
6,404
6,415
6,662
6,689
6,708
21,922
21,928
21,971
7,062
7,072
7,094
35,015
35,082
35,193 i
2,725
2,712
2,709
4,638
4,656
4,656
12,181
12,219
12,203
' Not available.
' Data Include Alaska and Hawaii beginning In 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
' = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1995
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are Introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1995) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1992) are subject to revision.
B-2. Average hours and earrtlngs of production or nonsupervlsory workers' on private nonfarm
payrolls by major Industry, 1964 to date
Weekly
hours
Construction
Mining
Total private'
Year and
month
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0
$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80
37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9
$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79
$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7
$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04
$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7
3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16
119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91
42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0
3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49
164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07
37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0
5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27
195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6
6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66
235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24
43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0
9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26
397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18
37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9
9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54
367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.5
34.4
10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.12
11.44
11.82
345.36
353.98
363.61
373.64
385.86
394.68
406.61
44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.8
44.7
45.3
13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.88
15.30
15.60
603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78
666.62
683.91
706.68
38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
38.8
38.9
13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.73
15.08
15.43
526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
573.00
585.10
600.23
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1996:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1997:
January
February
March'
See footnotes at end of table.
34.2
34.1
34.3
34.9
34.6
34.8
34.9
34.5
34.5
34.9
$11.69
11.75
11.73
11.76
11.74
11.77
11.96
11.96
12.01
12.06
$399.80
400.68
402.34
410.42
406.20
409.60
417.40
412.62
414.35
420.89
45.0
44.9
45.2
46.0
44.8
45.3
46.0
45.9
45.5
46.0
$15.51
15.55
15.44
15.57
15.53
15.51
15.72
15.54
15.66
15.94
$697.95
698.20
697.89
716.22
695.74
702.60
723.12
713.29
712.53
733.24
38.1
38.6
38.8
39.6
39.8
39.8
39.7
39.9
38.8
38.5
$15.13
15.19
15.27
15.32
15.48
15.55
15.73
15.73
15.59
15.63
$576.45
586.33
592.48
606.67
616.10
618.89
624.48
627.63
604.89
601.76
33.9
34.5
34.6
12.12
12.14
12.17
410.87
418.83
421.08
44.2
45.7
45.8
16.16
16.04
15.97
714.27
733.03
731.43
36.3
37.4
38.3
15.70
15.65
15.72
569.91
585.31
602.08
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers' on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities
Manufacturing
Year and
month
Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6
$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19
$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05
$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51
41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2
3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70
3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43
133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0
7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48
7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34 '
9.48
9.73
10.02
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4
42.0
41.6
41.6
10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.07
12.37
12.78
10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.43
11.74
12.12
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Wholesale trade
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63
$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74
40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2
$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23
$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85
40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9
3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16
155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58
39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8
3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39
136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93
288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68
39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.8
38.9
8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.26
12.60
351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
475.69
490.14
38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0
6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39
266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82
441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.94
514.59
531.65
38.9
38.7
38.9
39.6
39.9
39.5
39.7
12.97
13.22
13.45
13.62
13.86
14.23
14.52
504.53
511.61
523.21
539.35
553.01
562.09
576.44
38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.06
12.43
12.84
411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
463.10
476.07
491.77
Annual averages
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1996:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1997:
January
February
March'
41.3
41.2
41.6
41.9
41.1
41.8
42.3
41.9
42.1
42.8
$12.54
12.73
12.71
12.75
12.79
12.79
12.90
12.84
12.93
13.07
$11.94
12.11
12.08
12.10
12.16
12.11
12.17
12.16
12.23
12.34
$517.90
524.48
528.74
534.23
525.67
534.62
545.67
538.00
544.35
559.40
39.5
39.2
39.3
40.1
39.8
40.1
40.3
39.8
39.9
40.0
$14.44
14.49
14.43
14.47
14.51
14.55
14.63
14.54
14.62
14.66
$570.38
568.01
567.10
580.25
577.50
583.46
589.59
578.69
583.34
586.40
38.1
38.1
38.2
38.8
38.1
38.4
38.6
38.3
38.3
38.7
$12.67
12.76
12.72
12.85
12.80
12.82
13.00
12.91
13.03
13.17
$482.73
486.16
485.90
498.58
487.68
492.29
501.80
494.45
499.05
509.68
41.5
41.6
42.0
13.04
13.03
13.09
12.38
12.36
12.39
541.16
542.05
549.78
39.1
39.6
39.5
14.75
14.66
14.66
576.73
580.54
579.07
37.8
38.5
38.4
13.15
13.24
13.22
497.07
509.74
507.65
1
See footnotes at end of table.
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers' on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Retail trade
month
Services
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70
36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7
$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61
$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57
3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27
112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77
34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7
2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36
96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27
36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8
5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53
209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17
32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6
5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38
190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79
35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
35.9
9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
12.33
12.80
356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
442.65
459.52
32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4
9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.04
11.39
11.80
319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
358.80
369.04
382.32
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2
$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30
$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66
37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1
$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6
2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53
82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62
36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9
4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53
147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
28.8
28.8
6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
7.69
7.98
194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
221.47
229.82
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1996:
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1997:
January
February"
March'
28.5
28.4
28.7
29.4
29.4
29.5
29.1
28.7
28.7
29.3
$7.90
7.92
7.92
7.97
7.92
7.95
8.06
8.11
8.13
8.15
$225.15
224.93
227.30
234.32
232.85
234.53
234.55
232.76
233.33
238.80
35.7
35.6
35.6
36.5
35.5
35.7
36.5
35.7
35.8
36.7
$12.74
12.76
12.75
12.76
12.69
12.72
12.90
12.88
12.98
13.03
$454.82
454.26
453.90
465.74
450.50
454.10
470.85
459.82
464.68
478.20
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.8
32.5
32.7
32.6
32.4
32.4
32.7
$11.72
11.72
11.68
11.67
11.62
11.64
11.91
11.94
12.05
12.17
$377.38
377.38
376.10
382.78
377.65
380.63
388.27
386.86
390.42
397.96
28.0
28.7
28.7
8.23
8.23
8.25
230.44
236.20
236.78
35.7
36.7
36.6
13.00
13.14
13.17
464.10
482.24
482.02
32.0
32.7
32.6
12.20
12.25
12.27
390.40
400.58
400.00
' Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupereisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.
" = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1995 benchmark levels.
When more recent
benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April
1995 forward are subject to revision.
(In thousands)
1996
1997
Industry
Mar.
Total
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb."
Mar."
118,750 118,922 119,332 119,537 119,772 120,052 120,050 120,311 120,492 120,723 120,982 121,275 121,450
Total private
99,356 99,527 99,873 100,091 100,288 100,446 100,531 100,803 100,995 101,199 101,438 101,688 101,882
Goods-producing
24,196 24,209 24,263 24,274 24,264 24,298 24,257 24,284 24,319 24,356 24,399 24,513 24,501
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment...
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical
equipment
Electronic components and
accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products....
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
574
51
101
314
108
573
51
101
314
107
576
52
101
316
107
575
52
101
314
108
570
52
100
310
108
570
52
99
311
108
567
52
98
309
108
566
52
98
308
108
566
52
97
308
109
566
52
97
308
109
568
52
97
309
110
571
52
96
313
110
570
52
97
312
109
5,341
1,223
770
3,348
5,353
1,227
765
3,361
5,384
1,229
764
3,391
5,401
1,232
768
3,401
5,427
1,231
769
3,427
5,437
1,232
770
3,435
5,449
1,233
765
3,451
5,464
1,233
765
3,466
5,491
1,241
764
3,486
5,520
1,250
766
3,504
5,535
1,260
765
3,510
5,643
1,271
783
3,589
5,616
1,266
775
3,575
18,281 18,283 18,303 18,298 18,267 18,291 18,241 18,254 18,262 18,270 18,296 18,299 18,315
i
10,623 10,654 10,679 10,696 10,680 10,711 10,675 10,684 10,694 10,710 10,734 10,744 1 10,759
755
764
761
762
767
769
766
769
771
771
771
774 !
781
500
498
500
500
500
499
500
499
501 1
503
503
505
507
536
534
537
536
535
536
537
538
537 1
539
539
540
538
706
704
708
705
700
706
706
702
703
702
703
702
703
239
1,442
2,087
358
238
1,440
2,086
358
239
1,442
2,087
360
239
1,450
2,088
359
237
1,454
2,088
357
237
1,456
2,089
359
237
1,456
2,082
359
234
1,459
2,088
360
234
1,461
2,087
360
233
1,462
2,092
361
234
1,466
2,101
362
233
1,465
2,107
366
233
1,468
2,112
370
1,651
1,650
1,652
1,651
1,656
1,654
1,649
1,648
1,647
1,645
1,642
1,643
1,644
614
1,726
926
445
832
388
615
1,763
955
447
832
386
614
1,774
968
449
834
386
614
1,775
967
446
835
386
616
1,766
950
453
832
385
615
1,784
967
454
833
385
613
1,764
955
455
831
384
611
1,764
950!!
463
833
384
611
1,772
952
468
830
385
611
1,776
953
472
834
386
612
1,788
959
476
832
389
615
1,788
954
481
831
389
617
1,789
955
483
830
387
7,658
1,675
41
642
862
681
1,531
1,027
140
960
99
7,629
1,667
41
636
858
677
1,527
1,024
139
962
98
7,624
1,665
41
637
853
679
1,526
1,024
139
963
97
7,602
1,647
41
637
847
676
1,528:
1,020
140
969
97
7,587
1,640
40
637
849
672
1,527
1,019
139
968
96
7,580
1,641
39
633
837
673!
1,527!
1,021
139
976
94
7,566
1,639
40
631
835
674
1,527
1,017
139
971
93
7,570
1,641
41
633
834
674
1,528
1,017
138
971
93
7,568
1,647
42
628
829
675
1,525
1,017
139
974
92
7,560
1,649
41
628
824
674
1,523
1,016
138
973
94
7,562
1,659
40
630
818
673
1,523
1,017
136
972
94
7,555
1,655
41
625
816
674
1,523
1,016
137
975
93
7,556
1,659
42
625
810
673
1,524
1,017
137
976
93
94,554 94,713 95,069 95,263 95,508 95,754 95,793 96,027 96,173 96,367 96,583 96,762 96,949
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurtjan passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation seroices
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services ....
6,292
4,011
233
6,294
4,015
233
6,309
4,027
232
6,329
4,045
231
6,333
4,051
229
6,342
4,056
230
6,337
4,052
230
6,338
4,059
231
6,350
4,062
229
6,340
4,057
229
6,378
4,091
229
6,404
4,110
227
6,415
4,121
226
442
1,884
171
835
14
432
2,281
1,378
903
442
1,882
173
837
14
434
2,279
1,378
901
450
1,891
167
836
14
437
2,282
1,384
898 i
454
1,891
171
844
14
440
2,284
1,388
896
458
1,888
172
848
14
442
2,282
1,391
891
463
1,882
173
850
14
444
2,286
1,398
888
458
1,877
171
855
14
447
2,285
1,398
887
458
1,877
172
859
14
4481
2,279!
1,393
8861
460
1,870
172
868
14
449
2,288
1,401
887
462
1,852
172
878
14
450
2,283
1,397
886
465
1,881
176
876
14
450
2,287
1,404
883
464
1,891
176
884
14
454
2,294
1,411
883
466
1.894
176
889
14
456
2,294
1,413
881
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
6,548
3,841
2,707
6,550
3,844
2,706
6,567
3,850
2,717
6,575 i
3,857!
2,718i
6,585
3,862
2,723
6,603
3,871
2,732
6,619
3,877
2,742
6,643
3,885
2,758
6,651
3,890
2,761
6,655
3,894
2,761
6,6621
3,897
2,765
6,689
3,914
2,775
6,708
3,921
2,787
1
See footnotes at end of table.
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major Industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1996
1997
Industry
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Sept.
Aug.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb."
Mar."
Retail trade
21,350 21,415 21,485 21,568 21,671 21,672 21,702 21,803 21,857 21,931 21,922 21,928 21,971
Building materials and garden supplies
887
907
917
896
922
923
930
936
948
954
942
942
945
2,687
2,719 2,721
General merchandise stores
2,675
2,732 2,745 2,737 2,765 2,770
2,781 2,736 2,747 2,769
Department stores
2,363 2,360 2,410 2,408 2,413 2,422
2,415 2,442 2,444 2,454 2,416 2,432 2,457
3,413 3,420 3,435 3,442
Food stores
3,403
3,401
3,440 3,454
3,462
3,461 3,469
3,471 3,484
Automotive dealers and service
stations
2,242
2,253 2,259 2,272
2,285 2,291 2,297
2,303
2,309 2,313 2,315 2,321 2,329
New and used car dealers
1,020
1,024
1,027
1,030
1,034
1,041
1,037
1,039
1,042
1,044
1,047
1,050
1,051
Apparel and accessory stores
1,100
1,098
1,100
1,101
1,103
1,098
1,108
1,100
1,106
1,102
1,108
1,103
1,102
Furniture and home furnishings stores..
957
963
972
951
981
989
991
998
1,018
1,005
1,016
1,017
1,019
Eating and drinking places
7,413
7,468
7,455
7,485
7,528
7,489
7,504 7,517
7,571
7,567 7,544
7,527
7,558
Miscellaneous retail establishments
2,667
2,667
2,669 2,680 2,685 2,695
2,703
2,722
2,736
2,752 2,764 2,756 2,770
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other Investment offices .
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service
Real estate
6,931
3,293
2,020
1,464
265
501
532
240
2,257
1,549
6,942
3,303
2,023
1,467
265
505
534
241
2,256
1,549
6,964
3,315
2,026
1,468
267
507
538
244
2,261
1,552
6,967
3,319
2,029
1,469
268
509
541
240
2,259
1,551
6,987
3,329
2,030
1,472
265
514
543
242
2,261
1,553
6,999
3,339
2,028
1,471
265
519
548
244
2,259
1,551
7,009
3,341
2,029
1,474
261
522
547
243
2,265
1,554
708
1,381
707
1,383
709
1,388
708
1,389
708
1,397
708
1,401
711
1,403
7,026
3,355
2,035
1,478
260
526
549
245
2,263
1,551
7,038
3,361
2,035
1,479
258
530
552
244
2,264
1,550
7,052
3,369
2,035
1,480
257
533
555
246
2,265
1,551
7,062
3,379
2,035
1,484
255
536
560
248
2,260
1,549
7,072
3,383
2,037
1,484
255
533
564
249
2,261
1,547
7,094
3,400
2,042
1,490
252
541
568
249
2,260
1,544
712
1,408
714
1,413
714
1,418
711
1,423
714
1,428
716
1,434
i
Services'
34,039 34,117 34,285 34,378 34,448 34,532 34,607 34,709 34,780 34,865 35,015 35,082 35,193
Agricultural services
603
606
605
615
619
619
617
621
628
623
634
638
634
Hotels and other lodging places
1,681
1,704
1,684
1,690
1,662
1,673
1,700
1,711
1,714
1,712
1,690
1,686
1,692
1,184
Personal services
1,175
1,179
1,174
1,179
1,184
1,174
1,182
1,185
1,183
1,189
1,185
1,183
Business services
7,058
7,085
7,151
7,188 7,225 7,269
7,267
7,292
7,285
7,326 7,389 7,408 7,466
Services to buildings
898
899
903
895
891
894
883
893
893
885
885
878
880
Personnel supply services
2,565 2,569 2,622 2,648 2,668 2,696 2,691 2,697 2,672 2,690 2,762 2,728 2,757
Help supply services
2,265 2,272 2,322 2,352 2,368 2,393 2,387 2,391 2,362 2,379 2,448 2,403
2,428
Computer and data processing
services
1,155
1,184
1,169
1,195
1,218
1,226
1,239
1,206
1,251
1,262
1,277
1,290
1,305
Auto repair, services, and parking
1,066
1,072
1,078
1,085
1,117
1,096
1,105
1,108
1,128
1,133
1,143
1,147
1,121
Miscellaneous repair services
361
363
364
366
366
367
366
369
371
365
370
370
369
Motion pictures
518
517
524
529
532
524
539
536
537
530
530
532
536
Amusement and recreation services
1,518
1,516
1,504
1,516
1,514
1,515
1,522
1,534
1,554
1,557
1,545
1,559
1,565
Health services
9,499 9,520 9,555
9,565
9,621 9,642
9,576 9,591
9,679 9,709
9,721
9,743
9,666
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
1,650
1,659
1,668
1,674
1,677
1,681
1,686
1,689
1,711
1,694
1,697
1,716
1,715
Nursing and personal care facilities....
1,744
1,728
1,733
1,740
1,749
1,751
1,754
1,747
1,757
1,760
1,763
1,766
1,768
Hospitals
3,842 3,844 3,851
3,847
3,849 3,849 3,863 3,869
3,887 3,899
3,875
3,880 3,880
Home health care facilities
655
657
658
658
661
656
658
663
666
668
665
670
668
Legal services
928
926
929
929
934
933
935
937
941
943
944
947
954
Educational services
1,991
1,994
1,987 2,001
2,017 2,014 2,005 2,015
2,028 2,044
2,025
2,021
2,016
Social services
2,381
2,389
2,401
2,395 2,390 2,392 2,410 2,416 2,420 2,416 2,425 2,432 2,439
Child day care services
569
569
571
570
568
577
575
580
579
575
580
581
580
Residential care
656
661
663
665
672
669
672
673
675
676
678
680
684
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
83
84
85
85
85
85
85
85
87
87
86
86
87
Membership organizations
2,136 2,137
2,147
2,148 2,146 2,154 2,150 2,151
2,153
2,154 2,154 2,157
2,152
Engineering and management sen/ices
2,868
2,863
2,885 2,897 2,893 2,906 2,921 2,930 2,941 2,952 2,961 2,971 2,975
Engineering and architectural services
829
834
848
838
844
848
853
854
859
859
861
866
873
Management and public relations
894
893
897
900
907
917
922
903
935
942
941
949
950
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
19,394 19,395 19,459 19,446 19,484 19,606 19,519 19,508 19,497 19,524 19,544 19,587 19,568
2,780
2,776 2,776 2,756 2,752 2,739
2,739 2,731 2,733 2,729 2,725 2,712 2,709
1,922
1,919
1,906
1,918
1,897
1,888
1,883
1,878
1,873
1,870
1,860
1,858
1,856
4,639 4,643 4,655 4,654 4,659 4,674 4,658 4,640 4,640 4,642 4,638 4,656 4,656
1,951
1,956
1,963
1,968
1,984
1,981
1,975
1,960
1,960
1,963
1,960
1,977
1,977
2,688 2,687 2,692 2,686 2,678 2,690 2,683 2,680 2,680 2,679 2,678 2,679 2,679
11,975 11,976 12,028 12,036 12,073 12,193 12,122 12,137 12,124 12,153 12,181 12,219 12,203
6,675 6,682 6,690 6,719 6,768 6,862 6,787 6,794 6,798 6,801 6,823
6,860 6,846
5,300
5,294
5,338 5,317 5,305 5,331
5,335 5,343
5,326
5,352 5,358
5,359 5,357
i
' Includes other Industries, not shown separately.
" = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 fonward are
subject to revision.
(In thousands)
1997
1996
Industry
Jan.
Total
Total private
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
57,014 57,315 57,419 57,508 57,681 57,816 57,974 58,129 58,156 58,320 58,395 58,545 58,567
46,384 46,653 46,739 46,820 46,969 47,118 47,230 47,294 47,369 47,530 47,628 47,727 47,742
6,568
6,583
6,573
6,559
6,562
6,562
6,560
6,554
6,547
6,554
6,562
6,561
6,571
79
79
79
79
79
79
78
77
77
77
77
76
77
591
595
598
599
602
606
610
612
610
613
616
619
618
5,898
5,909
5,896
5,881
5,881
5,877
5,872
5,865
5,860
5,864
5,869
5,866
5,876
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
2,808
127
156
102
100
317
452
685
354
2,804
129
156
101
100
316
451
686
350
2,808
130
155
101
100
318
450
684
356
(')
172
2,817
132
156
101
102
318
452
684
358
0
172
2,815
132
158
100
99
320
452
686
355
(')
172
2,824
132
157
101
101
321
453
682
364
0
172
2,817
132
157
100
101
321
451
683
361
0
171
2,824
134
157
101
100
323
454
679
365
173
2,807
129
155
101
100
316
451
685
356
(')
172
2,817
133
156
101
100
322
452
680
361
173
2,810
128
156
102
100
316
451
686
356
(')
173
171
2,824
133
157
101
101
323
455
679
365
(')
171
2,837
135
157
102
101
324
458
678
370
(')
172
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3,090
547
12
298
651
164
687
325
24
327
55
3,099
549
12
302
654
164
687
325
24
327
55
3,092
551
12
301
647
163
687
326
24
326
55
3,074
544
13
298
642
162
686
325
23
327
54
3,073
547
13
298
637
163
687
323
24
328
53
3,060
538
13
298
631
163
689
322
24
328
54
3,057
536
12
296
633
162
689
322
24
331
52
3,041
534
11
294
619
162
691
322
24
332
52
3,043
536
12
294
622
162
689
322
24
330
52
3,047
538
13
294
622
163
690
322
24
330
51
3,045
541
13
293
618
163
689
322
24
332
50
3,042
543
13
295
614
163
687
320
24
332
51
3,039
545
13
295
610
163
685
321
24
332
51
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing
D
n
(•)
171
0
50,446 50,732 50,846 50,949 51,119 51,254 51,414 51,575 51,609 51,766 51,833 51,984 51,996
Transportation and public utilities
1,872
1,883
1,891
1,896
1,901
1,909
1,912
1,916
1,921
1,918
1,927
1,918
1,922
Wholesale trade
2,008
2,014
2,019
2,018
2,019
2,031
2,035
2,043
2,050
2,057
2,060
2,061
2,069
11,411 11,422
11,484
11,519
11,555
11,519
4,428
4,436
4,445
4,447
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
11,152 11,236 11,243 11,268 11,309
4,348
4,360
4,369
4,377
4,395
11,364 11,421
4,395
4,405
4,410
4,421
Services
20,436 20,577 20,644 20,702 20,783 20,857 20,897 20,960 21,008 21,089 21,124 21,187 21,214
Government
Federal
State
Local
10,630 10,662 10,680 10,688 10,712 10,698 10,744 10,835
1,155
1,171
1,170
1,160
1,170
1,161
1,170
1,169
2,332 2,348 2,347 2,354 2,341 2,345 2,344 2,361
7,128
7,144 7,164 7,163 7,201
7,192 7,240 7,319
' This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
10,787 10,790
1,154
1,155
2,350
2,352
7,283
7,283
10,767 10,818 10,825
1,155
1,158
1,167
2,358 2,350 2,344
7,326
7,251
7,301
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 fonward are subject to revision.
B-5. Production or nonsupervlsory workers' on private nonfarm payroils by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted
(In thousands)
1997
1996
Industry
Mar.
Total private
Goods-producing
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb."
Mar."
81,378 81,550 81,807 82,016 82,209 82,331 82,377 82,634 82,751 82,928 83,009 83,330 83,497
17,186 17,203
17,228
17,247 17,241
17,262 17,233
17,257
17,295 17,334 17,372 17,489 17,447
426
425
428
428
423
425
422
422
422
423
427
430
431
4,141
4,154
4,169
4,185
4,204
4,211
4,220
4,229
4,260
4,295
4,309
4,416
4,369
12,619
12,624
12,631
12,634 12,614
12,626
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal Industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
7,263
620
394
417
550
183
1,083
1,301
1,052
1,160
729
0
274
7,289
625
392
415
547
183
1,080
1,301
1,054
1,191
754
7,300
627
397
416
548
184
1,082
1,302
1,054
1,188
760
272
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
5,356
1,238
32
543
707
516
837
572
90
745
76
5,335
1,232
32
538
705
513
834
571
89
745
76
IHInIng
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing
fi
12,591 12,606
7,313
629
398
416
545
183
1,092
1,301
1,056
1,195
752
0
271
7,339
633
396
418
551
183
1,097
1,302
1,052
1,208
772
0
270
7,307
630
396
418
549
182
1,095
1,295
1,048
1,193
754
272
7,326
630
395
417
552
184
1,089
1,301
1,051
1,205
765
0
273
5,331
1,234
31
539
700
513
833
569
90
747
75
5,308
1,216
32
538
695
511
834
567
90
750
75
5,301
1,211
31
538
698
509
834
565
90
751
74
5,287
1,209
29
536
686
511
834
564
90
756
72
5,284
1,210
31
535
684
513
832
563
90
754
72
270
12,613 12,616 12,636 12,643 12,647
7,318
634
395
420
549
181
1,097
1,300
1,045
1,195
750
7,327
636
396
418
548
181
1,098
1,301
1,045
1,202
751
7,333
635
397
420
548
180
1,098
1,306
1,042
1,203
753
7,355
635
398
420
548
181
1,103
1,313
1,040
1,211
757
ft
ft
ft
ft
5,288
1,214
32
537
681
514
833
562
90
753
72
5,286
1,219
33
532
677
514
833
562
90
755
71
5,283
1,224
32
533
673
514
831
560
90
753
73
270
271
272
7,377
644
402
419
548
179
1,106
1,321
1,045
1,207
750
275
7,372
638
401
422
547
180
1,104
1,318
1,047
1,208
752
0
274
5,281
1,231
31
534
671
514
828
559
89
752
72
5,271
1,225
32
530
668
513
828
559
89
756
71
5,270
1,229
33
531
663
512
827
557
91
756
71
ft
273
64,192 64,347 64,579 64,769 64,968 65,069 65,144 65,377 65,456 65,594 65,637 65,841 66,050
Transportation and public utilities
5,287
5,292
5,304
5,317
5,324
5,326
5,332
5,331
5,342
5,335
5,376
5,396
5,403
Wholesale trade
5,295
5,296
5,311
5,312
5,320
5,337
5,351
5,372
5,380
5,376
5,385
5,403
5,413
18,791 18,859
18,916
19,211 19,278 19,257
19,281
19,343
5,140
5,164
5,175
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
5,061
5,068
5,085
18,980 19,057 19,051
5,087
5,107
5,115
5,129
5,131
5,154
29,758 29,832 29,963 30,073 30,166 30,248 30,265 30,362 30,392 30,465 30,465 30,597 30,716
' Data relate to production workers In mining and manufacturing;
construction workers In construction; and nonsupervlsory workers In
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
' This series Is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which Is small relative to the trend-cycle and Irregular
5,101
19,081 19,183
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
" = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 fonward are
subject to revision.
B-6. Diffusion Indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 Industries'
Over 1-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
60.0
68.8
63.2
52.4
59.8
60.8
62.1
59.3
63.2
"58.3
51.3
66.0
54.9
60.0
i-se.g
58.6
64.2
54.6
52.4
61.7
60.3
51.4
62.2
55.2
63.5
55.1
57.4
57.7
61.5
54.1
55.8
57.0
62.1
57.4
57.3
61.8
60.8
51.8
52.7
59.7
61.5
54.8
63.1
61.8
63.1
56.3
57.2
59.6
63.9
59.4
59.0
Over 3-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
63.8
67.1
66.6
60.7
P64.5
61.2
69.5
63.2
61.8
"64.2
61.1
70.4
56.9
61.2
59.8
68.7
53.4
60.0
63.1
66.4
54.2
61.0
62.9
66.0
52.9
63.6
59.7
68.5
56.6
60.3
63.1
69.5
53.8
56.7
64.5
65.3
54.2
60.8
67.1
65.6
54.6
60.0
64.6
68.0
58.3
64.6
63.5
67.8
57.0
62.9
63.3
70.8
66.3
60.3
65.2
71.6
60.8
62.9
63.8
69.0
58.7
63.8
64.2
69.8
54.4
63.8
62.4
69.5
53.5
62.6
65.9
69.5
54.1
59.0
65.7
69.2
53.1
65.2
63.9
69.0
56.3
62.6
66.3
69.2
55.9
61.8
67.3
68.5
54.1
63.9
70.6
69.1
56.2
i'65.4
69.5
66.6
61.8
i'66.6
63.9
71.6
60.8
61.7
64.0
71.8
60.1
61.5
65.4
71.8
61.2
61.1
67.0
72.1
58.1
62.8
67.6
71.8
57.7
64.3
67.6
71.5
54.5
64.2
67.0
72.1
58.7
» 64.6
70.2
70.1
58.6
"64.7
69.5
69.4
57.3
69.2
65.7
59.4
70.1
65.0
59.8
Over 6-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1
Over 12-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1
64.9
70.2
62.6
61.0
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries'
Over 1-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
52.5
56.5
56.8
42.1
54.0
56.5
60.1
55.0
48.2
" 49.6
50.7
59.7
46.0
48.2
P 50.4
45.7
58.6
45.3
39.6
54.0
53.2
39.2
53.2
45.7
57.9
40.3
49.6
49.3
57.6
45.0
43.9
49.3
53.6
45.0
50.0
59.4
55.8
42.4
44.6
53.2
54.7
45.3
54.3
53.6
57.2
46.4
48.2
55.0
59.4
47.5
52.9
!j
Over 3-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
60.8
63.7
60.4
38.8
' 55.8
58.3
64.4
51.8
39.9
i'52.5
53.2
66.2
43.5
37.8
47.8
60.8
34.9
43.2
48.9
56.1
33.1
45.3
54.0
56.8
32.0
47.5
50.4
60.8
33.1
45.7
58.3
58.6
35.6
40.6
57.6
54.0
38.8
50.7
59.7
56.1
39.6
47.1
54.7
60.1
40.6
51.8
57.6
60.8
38.8
51.4
Over 6-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
56.5
62.2
55.4
32.0
59.0
64.4
45.0
37.4
56.8
60.4
38.5
37.1
55.4
61.5
33.5
38.1
50.7
59.0
27.7
42.4
57.9
56.8
28.8
37.8
59.4
56.5
28.8
48.6
56.5
57.2
30.6
43.5
57.6
60.1
33.5
45.0
58.6
55.8
33.1
51.1
64.4
59.7
34.2
"51.1
60.8
55.8
38.8
"51.4
Over 12-month span:
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
56.8
57.9
42.1
33.1
55.8
60.8
39.9
33.8
58.6
60.8
40.6
35.6
57.2
60.8
34.5
37.1
57.6
63.3
31.7
41.0
58.6
59.4
25.9
40.6
59.0
60.1
28.8
i'42.1
61.2
57.2
28.1
i>44.2
59.7
55.8
24.1
60.1
49.6
27.0
57.6
47.5
29.1
1
57.9
58.6
40.3
33.1
' Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and
unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
' = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus
one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent
indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.
Establishment sun/ey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data (beginning April 1995) and all seasonally
adjusted data (beginning January 1992) are subject to revision.
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major Industry, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1997
1996
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
TotaP
1,820.4 1,824.4 1,822.5 1,825.5 1,828.7 1,829.8 1,831.0 1,834.8 1,836.5 1,837.3 1,838.8
264.0
263.4
262.8
263.0
262.6
263.1
263.0
263.6
264.5
262.8
262.9
1,863.9 1,880.5 1,886.8 1,895.8 1,915.3 1,922.6 1,926.3 1,936.8 1,937.1 1,934.5 1,951.4
1,080.9 1,084.4 1,085.8 1,084.0 1,088.3 1,087.7 1,089.0 1,090.6 1,092.7 1,090.0 1,092.8
12,684.8 12,741.5 12,757.9 12,793.0 12,825.6 12,840.1 12,888.3 12,931.2 12,944.5 12,960.1 13,002.8
1,816.8
261.7
1,859.8
1,078.9
12,637.1
1,821.7
262.5
1,867.8
1,081.8
12,660.4
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
1,873.5
1,569.8
373.4
633.9
6,108.4
1,881.5
1,572.5
371.9
632.3
6,148.6
1,885.8
1,576.9
377.3
621.7
6,127.7
1,898.0
1,581.0
379.0
619.2
6,155.0
1,900.1
1,584.2
379.3
617.9
6,161.8
1,897.2
1,588.0
378.9
622.6
6,188.0
1,909.5
1,591.9
378.2
622.3
6,202.7
1,911.5
1,590.9
378.6
620.7
6,228.7
1,913.2
1,592.5
379.3
619.7
6,237.6
1,919.1
1,595.3
380.3
619.0
6,268.2
1,921.5
1,596.5
382.1
620.7
6,283.3
1,922.0
1,593.6
381.5
618.0
6,297.4
1,937.5
1,597.9
383.8
622.1
6,318.3
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
3,482.5
531.8
484.7
5,644.2
2,799.2
3,497.5
531.0
487.8
5,653.9
2,801.4
3,501.9
528.4
489.4
5,655.5
2,807.9
3,523.3
530.0
491.2
5,666.5
2,818.2
3,538.8
529.3
491.5
5,673.5
2,819.4
3,594.7
528.1
493.2
5,692.0
2,797.8
3,539.3
529.4
495.4
5,699.9
2,819.7
3,527.7
S28.4
494.1
5,700.5
2,828.6
3,546.4
529.2
497.7
5,694.9
2,826.9
3,558.8
526.8
497.7
5,704.5
2,827.5
3,571.0
528.2
498.0
5,714.4
2,825.7
3,555.0
532.3
497.2
5,699.8
2,814.9
3,564.5
530.6
499.7
5,709.1
2,821.0
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
1,374.0
1,213.5
1,659.2
1,794.9
539.2
1,378.2
1,218.7
1,660.6
1,797.2
539.5
1,380.0
1,222.8
1,661.0
1,802.3
539.6
1,380.7
1,228.9
1,667.1
1,807.3
538.9
1,380.1
1,225.5
1,668.2
1,811.7
540.6
1,377.5
1,221.3
1,673.7
1,810.1
538.8
1,381.9
1,226.6
1,676.9
1,815.4
539.8
1,375.6
1,230.1
1,674.0
1,819.4
542.1
1,383.6
1,242.4
1,679.6
1,824.2
541.0
1,386.9
1,251.0
1,680.9
1,827.6
541.2
1,392.1
1,247.4
1,688.6
1,829.6
540.8
1,391.4
1,247.6
1,689.2
1,828.2
545.2
1,391.2
1,250.8
1,691.6
1,831.8
545.6
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
2,193.8
3,010.3
4,334.8
2,414.0
1,080.1
2,199.8
3,014.4
4,322.2
2,418.9
1,084.4
2,199.7
3,017.2
4,329.7
2,418.6
1,087.5
2,204.3
3,028.2
4,345.2
2,427.0
1,089.8
2,212.6
3,033.3
4,347.1
2,430.7
1,090.6
2,214.2
3,043.9
4,328.1
2,436.8
1,094.6
2,213.5
3,050.3
4,357.9
2,440.1
1,097.6
2,214.5
3,058.9
4,367.5
2,442.6
1,095.3
2,215.7
3,064.7
4,369.8
2,441.6
1,094.8
2,220.3
3,071.7
4,371.0
2,448.5
1,096.2
2,223.1
3,075.9
4,376.2
2,453.7
1,096.5
2,225.6
3,071.4
4,377.9
2,455.6
1,093.2
2,237.3
3,074.7
4,395.6
2,464.1
1,091.0
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
2,551.5
356.8
829.3
819.6
550.1
2,556.7
357.8
831.3
823.8
551.1
2,562.1
359.0
831.1
831.2
559.0
2,566.0
359.6
831.0
835.1
561.6
2,558.8
359.5
833.3
840.0
564.0
2,555.1
357.1
831.8
846.7
566.7
2,563.4
357.9
834.6
851.2
566.3
2,558.5
357.4
835.3
856.9
563.3
2,579.5
360.8
839.2
859.3
565.9
2,584.3
362.9
843.0
869.4
565.6
2,592.8
360.6
843.4
869.9
566.6
2,584.1
359.6
846.6
874.1
566.1
2,600.0
360.7
847.8
878.5
567.9
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
3,623.1
690.0
7,902.4
3.512.7
306.6
3,626.6
690.2
7,903.3
3,522.6
306.7
3,624.7
691.4
7,899.4
3,530.2
307.1
3,637.2
694.8
7,921.0
3,547.7
308.3
3,646.1
696.0
7,923.7
3,552.7
308.5
3,646.0
695.8
7,921.7
3,547.9
308.6
3,651.5
695.5
7,927.7
3,554.0
309.4
3,658.6
695.0
7,939.9
3,571.2
310.4
3,660.8
696.4
7,952.0
3,599.5
310.3
3,665.9
698.2
7,959.1
3,608.6
312.0
3,668.7
700.6
7,963.4
3,615.8
312.5
3,678.2
699.0
7,942.0
3,619.8
312.6
3,686.5
701.1
7,959.9
3,618.6
314.4
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
5,268.9
1,337.6
1,452.2
5,279.3
440.2
5,263.1
1,345.1
1,458.2
5,286.3
440.7
5,278.7
1,345.8
1,460.2
5,296.7
440.7
5,293.9
1,353.9
1,467.4
5,304.5
442.3
5,301.4
1,352.8
1,470.1
5,298.4
441.6
5,303.4
1,351.9
1,477.9
5,318.4
439.9
5,317.9
1,360.4
1,483.6
5,328.8
443.2
5,310.1
1,359.1
1,488.0
5,339.7
445.1
5,316.5
1,368.6
1,491.7
5,345.0
444.2
5,317.5
1,373.1
1,500.9
5,350.6
445.8
5,329.7
1,376.6
1,501.6
5,361.4
445.6
5,326.9
1,377.7
1,504.2
5,367.8
442.6
5,334.9
1,381.0
1,510.4
5,386.8
443.7
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
1,664.3
346.8
2,521.7
8,161.8
938.5
1,668.8
346.7
2,549.7
8,178.3
940.9
1,668.0
347.5
2,523.7
8,198.9
944.2
1,675.4
348.7
2,529.9
8,225.3
949.6
1,688.3
348.0
2.532.3
8,225.9
953.5
1,678.7
348.7
2,522.6
8,243.0
958.0
1,680.3
349.9
2,534.6
8,270.6
961.4
1,681.9
350.0
2,543.4
8,280.4
962.7
1,678.6
350.2
2,542.1
8,319.0
965.3
1,691.4
351.1
2,551.4
8,335.2
969.5
1,684.1
351.4
2,556.2
8,353.0
973.6
1,680.2
350.1
2,553.3
8,329.1
974.9
1,685.0
352.0
2,559.4
8,372.2
978.2
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
273.6
3,103.8
2,381.5
693.1
2,578.0
220.2
273.9
3,113.1
2,389.5
694.9
2,586.5
220.4
275.0
3,114.0
2,392.6
694.0
2,584.0
220.8
275.4
3,117.2
2.401.0
708.7
2,596.5
221.2
274.9
3,122.5
2,401.4
698.6
2,600.3
221.0
273.7
3,129.6
2,419.0
696.3
2,603.3
222.1
274.4
3,141.0
2,425.4
698.8
2,613.4
223.4
274.6
3,144.9
2,423.7
699.2
2,615.1
222.1
276.2
3,159.3
2,434.9
700.7
2,620.8
222.7
276.2
3,165.0
2,440.0
702.6
2,628.5
221.7
275.9
3,175.8
2,448.3
701.5
2,629.0
221.7
277.1
3,184.9
2,452.8
701.5
2,624.4
221.0
277.4
3,195.9
2,459.3
704.0
2,627.9
221.4
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
See footnotes at end of table.
(In thousands)
1996
1997
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
Construction
Alabama ..
Alaska
Arizona ....
Arkansas..
California .
91.5
12.4
124.8
4S.8
500.5
92.2
12.3
124.8
46.3
496.0
91.6
12.6
124.1
46.8
496.2
93.3
12.6
125.6
47.2
503.5
92.5
12.5
126.0
47.4
505.0
93.1
12.4
126.3
47.5
510.8
94.4
12.5
126.8
47.9
514.2
95.0
12.3
127.4
48.2
516.7
95.0
12.4
128.4
48.2
522.9
96.5
12.6
129.0
48.1
528.8
96.5
12.8
129.2
48.3
527.4
97.8
12.6
126.4
47.4
537.8
98.2
12.5
127.0
48.1
548.0
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia .
Florida
107.7
50.3
19.8
8.9
324.3
108.7
51.0
20.0
9.0
325.1
109.7
51.6
19.9
8.4
323.8
111.5
52.3
20.0
8.4
324.5
112.4
53.0
20.6
8.3
323.8
112.0
52.7
20.7
8.3
324.8
113.1
52.5
20.9
8.3
323.7
112.9
52.8
21.2
8.5
323.7
112.9
52.3
21.4
8.5
323.1
114.6
51.9
21.5
8.5
324.0
114.7
51.7
21.9
8.5
324.9
111.7
51.9
21.6
8.5
325.9
116.0
52.6
22.1
9.2
329.2
Georgia
Hawaii^
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
163.9
24.2
29.6
217.1
129.3
164.4
23.9
30.1
218.7
130.0
166.2
24.0
30.3
222.7
131.9
167.1
23.9
31.0
219.6
134.1
166.1
23.7
30.7
221.1
134.4
167.1
23.5
30.6
222.8
132.8
161.4
23.4
30.8
221.5
133.0
163.3
23.2
30.3
221.7
132.5
163.9
23.1
30.9
221.4
131.7
164.8
20.7
30.5
222.1
131.1
165.8
22.7
30.4
223.2
132.9
164.1
22.4
30.2
220.5
131.0
164.9
22.4
30.6
219.3
132.5
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana ....
Maine
58.2
55.3
74.9
112.4
22.2
58.7
55.8
74.9
113.2
22.4
59.5
57.1
75.3
113.2
22.4
58.1
57.3
76.3
113.3
22.6
57.9
57.3
76.5
114.1
22.9
58.1
57.5
77.7
112.7
23.0
57.7
57.3
77.9
113.2
23.3
57.9
56.6
78.3
112.1
23.5
58.6
57.1
78.1
113.0
23.8
58.8
57.5
78.3
113.7
23.7
61.3
58.2
77.8
113.6
23.6
59.1
56.7
79.8
112.8
23.8
60.7
58.0
78.2
114.3
23.5
Maryland
Massachusetts...
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
127.8
92.4
161.7
87.9
48.0
130.3
93.0
163.0
88.2
49.1
130.5
93.6
164.7
87.5
48.7
131.3
94.5
168.9
88.8
48.8
131.9
93.9
170.0
89.1
48.9
130.9
95.0
169.1
89.2
49.3
130.7
95.2
169.9
89.5
48.5
131.0
95.2
170.0
89.4
48.4
131.8
95.4
170.5
89.0
48.3
132.8
95.9
171.0
89.0
49.3
133.3
97.0
172.9
89.7
49.6
137.6
97.2
173.3
92.3
48.5
139.4
98.3
178.1
92.3
48.1
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire .
113.2
16.4
35.7
70.4
20.2
113.5
16.4
36.3
70.5
20.3
114.2
16.6
36.5
71.5
20.4
114.3
16.7
36.5
71.7
20.5
114.5
17.0
36.8
73.4
20.8
116.0
16.5
36.9
74.9
21.3
117.1
17.0
37.2
77.2
21.4
115.7
16.9
37.1
78.9
21.3
117.7
17.8
36.8
79.3
21.5
118.4
17.8
37.0
80.4
21.5
120.5
17.5
37.1
80.0
21.6
117.7
16.8
38.3
80.2
21.2
122.3
17.3
38.4
81.2
21.2
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina ...
North Dakota
122.9
44.3
253.8
182.0
14.8
123.1
43.8
253.2
183.5
14.7
124.0
43.0
251.2
185.3
14.6
125.2
43.4
251.0
187.9
14.7
125.5
43.0
252.9
188.8
15.2
124.6
42.7
257.1
190.2
15.3
125.4
42.6
258.9
190.9
15.2
125.7
42.3
260.9
191.2
15.1
124.4
41.8
260.5
193.1
14.9
124.2
41.3
260.2
194.1
15.2
124.0
41.5
261.4
194.6
15.5
125.0
41.4
251.2
198.2
15.6
125.7
41.9
253.9
200.2
16.0
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania ....
Rhode Island ....
207.9
50.1
75.0
198.0
13.7
208.8
49.8
75.9
200.6
13.7
211.8
49.9
76.5
200.8
13.8
212.8
50.8
76.6
202.8
13.9
214.2
50.3
77.8
204.1
14.0
214.3
49.4
79.0
203.8
14.0
213.2
50.3
79.6
203.9
13.5
214.1
50.4
80.2
204.6
13.3
215.6
50.8
81.3
205.4
13.5
214.6
50.8
81.3
204.6
13.4
217.2
51.5
81.5
205.8
13.3
215.4
51.0
81.8
211.6
13.9
217.7
51.7
81.8
213.3
14.2
South Carolina ..
South Dakota ....
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
90.1
14.3
111.1
430.2
58.7
90.7
14.2
112.2
429.2
58.7
92.3
14.6
112.2
431.3
59.3
94.1
14.8
115.6
434.8
60.0
96.4
14.9
112.4
435.9
60.9
94.8
14.8
113.0
436.1
61.1
94.7
14.9
113.0
437.9
61.5
94.5
14.8
113.5
437.4
60.8
94.6
14.7
114.2
444.0
61.2
94.7
14.6
114.9
444.5
61.6
95.2
14.8
114.7
445.1
61.9
95.8
14.8
115.1
437.1
62.0
96.4
14.7
116.0
449.7
61.9
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia ....
Wisconsin
Wyoming
12.1
172.2
124.2
33.4
100.9
13.8
12.2
173.9
125.2
33.7
101.6
13.8
12.4
173.4
125.9
33.4
101.8
13.8
12.6
174.5
126.1
33.8
103.4
13.9
12.7
174.6
126.5
34.4
104.0
13.7
12.6
176.0
127.7
35.0
107.2
13.8
13.0
176.8
128.6
34.8
109.2
14.4
13.1
177.0
128.4
35.4
109.1
14.6
13.2
176.6
129.4
35.2
108.7
14.6
12.8
177.1
129.7
35.1
108.9
14.4
12.8
178.2
130.1
35.2
108.9
14.6
12.8
183.1
130.6
35.4
107.8
14.6
12.7
184.3
130.9
35.7
106.8
14.3
See footnotes at end of table.
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997
1996
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
Manufacturing
386.7
16.6
199.0
256.3
1,833.4
385.2
16.5
199.6
255.2
1,837.8
383.4
16.6
198.6
254.1
1,842.1
382.7
16.7
199.2
253.1
1,850.9
381.7
15.9
199.4
252.6
1,853.5
383.2
15.5
199.6
252.4
1,856.6
380.7
15.5
199.9
252.7
1,863.3
380.6
15.3
200.4
252.2
1,861.6
380.7
16.1
200.8
252.7
1,867.0
381.4
16.2
200.9
252.3
1,870.0
381.5
16.0
200.7
252.3
1,871.5
382.5
16.2
201.6
251.5
1,870.4
382.0
15.8
202.6
252.8
1,874.7
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
195.8
275.5
60.3
13.2
489.8
196.6
274.9
56.7
13.2
489.7
195.8
275.6
61.6
13.0
488.0
196.0
275.7
60.8
13.0
488.9
195.8
275.6
60.8
13.2
488.9
196.0
275.9
58.5
13.1
491.8
196.4
277.1
56.4
13.1
492.3
196.3
274.2
56.1
13.0
492.1
196.3
274.7
56.3
13.0
492.2
196.4
275.0
56.5
13.1
492.0
197.0
275.2
56.8
13.3
493.0
196.8
274.1
57.6
13.0
492.4
197.9
274.5
58.0
13.1
492.7
Georgia
Hawaii
Idafio
Illinois
Indiana
583.9
16.9
72.3
969.7
678.2
584.8
16.8
72.4
969.1
675.0
581.8
16.6
72.9
967.3
675.6
582.0
16.7
72.8
967.6
676.5
581.9
16.7
72.8
968.3
677.8
584.9
16.6
72.6
972.5
665.6
586.0
16.4
72.7
973.4
674.3
585.3
16.4
72.5
973.5
672.8
588.7
16.6
72.8
974.7
671.7
588.1
16.4
72.9
975.8
671.6
587.9
16.5
73.0
976.5
671.6
587.6
16.5
73.3
977.0
671.9
588.5
16.5
73.4
981.0
673.9
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
248.1
192.9
313.0
188.4
89.0
248.6
193.8
312.4
186.2
89.0
248.1
194.9
311.2
188.2
89.0
248.1
195.4
311.3
188.8
88.5
247.2
196.8
310.9
188.5
88.0
243.7
196.7
310.0
188.6
87.4
245.2
197.2
310.2
188.5
87.7
246.4
197.4
310.8
188.7
87.7
247.6
198.5
312.8
187.9
87.5
247.9
198.9
312.7
188.2
87.6
248.1
199.3
310.8
188.4
87.4
248.7
199.3
313.4
188.0
87.8
247.1
199.8
312.6
188.5
87.5
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
174.6
446.4
975.7
427.0
248.2
174.7
445.4
955.8
427.6
246.3
174.5
444.9
968.2
427.8
248.0
174.2
444.7
966.9
427.8
247.6
174.0
444.6
968.8
427.7
247.2
174.5
444.3
959.6
429.1
246.5
173.9
443.5
973.7
427.8
245.9
173.9
442.5
971.9
429.3
244.3
173.5
443.0
966.7
427.3
242.8
173.4
442.8
964.6
428.5
241.8
173.3
443.4
962.0
429.7
241.6
173.6
445.0
964.3
432.4
242.0
174.2
444.7
964.3
433.6
241.9
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
420.7
23.6
113.0
38.1
103.6
419.4
23.9
113.3
38.3
104.0
417.7
23.9
113.3
38.3
104.6
417.2
23.8
113.3
38.5
104.6
410.0
23.7
113.7
38.5
104.8
409.9
23.7
114.1
38.5
104.8
409.1
23.9
113.9
38.6
105.1
408.1
23.8
113.6
38.9
105.0
412.5
23.8
114.3
39.1
105.0
412.0
23.9
114.7
39.5
104.8
410.6
23.7
114.8
39.5
105.0
411.0
23.7
114.1
39.5
105.3
412.6
23.8
114.5
39.6
106.1
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
489.0
45.8
929.8
854.6
21.4
488.8
46.2
928.3
851.2
21.5
487.6
46.0
923.3
848.8
21.5
486.0
45.9
924.2
847.8
21.7
486.1
45.8
923.9
846.0
21.5
485.2
45.7
924.6
844.9
21.3
484.9
45.8
922.0
842.7
21.5
483.8
45.7
919.2
843.1
21.7
482.6
45.6
917.1
845.4
21.8
483.2
45.8
916.1
844.8
21.9
483.3
45.8
916.3
844.4
22.1
487.1
45.9
915.3
844.1
22.1
485.3
46.1
913.5
842.4
22.1
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
1,099.1
169.4
233.7
931.2
83.5
1,086.7
172.8
234.6
930.4
83.2
1,095.0
173.2
234.1
931.4
83.2
1,094.9
173.9
233.9
931.6
83.1
1,095.6
174.3
233.7
930.0
82.9
1,096.6
174.5
233.5
929.2
80.5
1,099.5
175.4
236.0
929.3
82.0
1,093.7
175.1
236.4
929.0
82.0
1,093.4
176.0
236.7
929.0
81.7
1,085.3
176.0
237.9
930.1
81.6
1,088.2
176.7
238.6
930.4
81.5
1,086.5
176.9
240.3
931.3
81.2
1,085.3
177.0
240.7
933.9
80.8
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
370.5
47.5
526.1
1,047.5
128.7
370.3
47.5
525.1
1,049.2
128.6
366.3
47.4
523.2
1,050.1
128.9
367.2
47.7
522.3
1,053.3
129.1
366.7
47.8
520.4
1,054.4
129.4
364.9
47.7
517.7
1,055.2
130.0
363.9
48.1
521.5
1,057.3
130.0
362.7
47.8
522.4
1,057.3
129.8
361.6
48.2
521.5
1,059.7
129.7
359.7
48.3
520.6
1,060.5
130.3
359.3
48.5
520.5
1,061.6
130.9
359.7
48.6
520.0
1,058.9
131.0
360.6
49.0
521.1
1,062.0
130.9
45.7
400.1
337.4
82.4
601.5
10.6
45.6
400.1
338.9
82.4
601.9
10.6
45.9
400.4
338.1
82.1
602.1
10.9
46.1
399.3
339.7
82.4
602.8
10.9
46.1
398.9
340.6
82.0
602.0
10.9
45.9
398.1
343.8
81.9
601.0
10.9
46.0
398.2
345.8
81.5
602.3
10.9
46.0
397.4
347.3
81.6
601.2
10.7
45.8
397.0
351.1
81.4
602.0
10.7
46.1
397.8
352.9
81.4
600.8
10.8
46.0
399.1
356.5
81.2
599.5
10.7
46.1
398.0
357.6
81.7
599.4
10.7
46.5
398.9
359.3
81.1
600.4
10.8
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
See footnotes at end of table.
(In thousands)
1996
1997
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov,
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
Transportation and public utilities
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
90.6
22.7
90.2
65.1
636.5
90.4
22.5
90.3
64.9
639.2
90.6
22.7
90.2
64.9
639.2
90.6
23.4
90.6
65.0
641.1
90.3
23.0
91.6
64.9
640.6
90.2
22.7
92.3
64.8
643.0
89.9
22.9
93.3
64.8
644.4
90.1
22.5
93.8
64.6
645.1
90.2
22.6
94.3
64.5
645.2
90.1
22.5
94.4
64.7
646.3
90.0
22.6
94.9
64.8
645.4
90.0
22.7
94.8
65.4
651.6
90.1
22.9
95.4
65.3
655.9
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
120.9
72.9
15.8
19.8
310.7
120.6
73.2
15.7
19.7
312.4
120.4
73.4
15.5
19.3
311.7
120.5
73.4
15.7
19.4
312.7
120.6
73.8
15.5
19.3
312.8
120.8
73.1
15.8
19.0
313.7
120.5
73.0
15.9
19.0
314.8
119.9
73.0
15.8
18.7
315.3
119.2
73.2
15.8
18.9
316.6
119.2
73.5
15.7
19.0
318.3
117.8
73.0
15.7
19.3
322.1
118.0
73.4
15.7
19.2
321.9
118.0
73.6
15.9
19.2
322.5
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
220.9
41.0
23.0
329.5
140.2
220.8
41,0
23.1
329.6
140.4
221.1
40.6
23.0
329.8
140.1
222.2
40.8
23.1
330.4
140.0
224.1
40.7
23.1
331.3
140.1
225.9
40.8
23.0
331.4
138.9
222.2
41.1
23.2
331.2
138.4
221.6
40.9
23.2
330.1
138.5
222.2
41.1
23.6
333.0
139.1
222.6
41.2
23.6
333.3
139.1
223.3
41.1
23.5
334.9
139.7
223.6
41.2
23.4
338,5
138,6
223.8
41.0
23.3
338.7
139.1
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
62.0
69.4
92.4
108.5
22.5
62.2
69.2
92.2
108.0
22.5
62.6
70.0
93.4
108.1
22.5
62.8
69.9
93.3
108.6
22,5
62.6
70.0
92.5
108.7
22.4
62.8
69.8
93.6
108.5
22.3
63.2
70.1
93.8
108.9
22.2
63.3
70.1
93.5
109.0
22.3
64.0
70.2
93.9
108.9
22.3
64.2
70.3
93.4
108.7
22.4
64.2
70.4
95.9
108.5
22.5
64,9
70,9
95,7
109,1
22.8
64.9
71.5
96.0
108.9
22.7
I^aryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
106.0
128.7
168.3
119.3
52.8
106.5
128.8
168.6
119.5
52.8
106.1
128.3
168.5
118.8
52.7
106.4
128.4
168.8
119.3
52.7
106.8
128.6
168.6
118.9
52.7
107.2
128.2
168.9
119.6
52.9
107.6
128.1
168.6
119.8
52.8
106.6
129.7
168.8
120.1
52.9
106.6
132.1
168.6
120.7
52.5
106.4
131.6
167.8
1203
52.6
105.8
131.8
168.7
120.4
52.5
107.6
131.3
168.2
121.4
52.8
108.0
131.8
168.5
121.9
50.8
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
157.6
20.8
50.1
41.8
19.4
157.3
20.9
50.2
41.9
19.4
159.2
21.0
50.0
42.1
19.5
159.5
20.8
50.1
42.1
19.6
159.3
20.8
50.1
42.2
19.6
160.0
20.7
50.3
42.5
19.9
161.3
20.6
50.6
42.6
20.0
159.4
20.6
50.1
42.6
19.5
161.4
20.4
50.6
42.7
19.6
161.9
20,7
50,7
43,0
19,7
162.1
20.3
50.4
43.2
19.8
161.9
20.5
50.9
43.3
19.6
162.8
20.6
51.2
43.4
19.7
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
252.4
31.4
402.4
166.4
18.5
252.9
31.4
402.2
166.8
18.5
252.0
31.4
401.5
167.4
18.5
252.8
31.6
401.7
167.9
18.3
253.7
31.3
401.5
168.0
18.4
255.0
31.5
402.7
167,3
18.3
255.6
31.8
402.6
167.4
18.3
255.9
31.0
401.6
167.7
18.3
256.0
30.9
403.0
169.2
18.4
256.0
30.7
402.7
170.0
18.4
256.4
30.6
401.9
170.0
18.3
255.8
30.7
407.2
170.7
18.5
257.0
30.8
407.3
171.4
18.5
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
231.2
77.1
72.2
273.3
14.7
232.3
77.6
72.4
273.5
14.8
231.6
77.8
72.5
272.4
14,9
231.9
77.9
72.4
271.8
14.9
231.5
77.9
72.6
271.3
14.9
231,7
76.3
73.1
272.1
15.0
231.8
76.5
73.0
272.9
15.0
232.1
76.8
73.5
272.7
15.1
231.9
77.7
73.9
271.6
15.0
232.6
77.7
73.6
272.0
15.2
232.3
77.7
72.5
271,3
15.1
234.8
77.8
73.7
271.5
14.9
235.2
78.1
74.2
272.0
14.8
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
72.3
16.2
142.8
484.8
52.6
73.2
16.1
143.6
485.6
52.8
73,5
16,3
143.0
487.2
53.5
73.7
16.3
143.8
488.8
53.7
73.4
16.3
143.6
488.8
54.0
74.0
16.3
142.7
488.0
54.5
73.9
16.5
142.5
489.9
54.4
73.9
16.4
142.6
489.2
54.7
73.8
16.6
142,4
489,9
54,5
73.9
16.5
143.0
490.5
54.9
74.0
16.6
143.3
492.8
55.0
74,0
16,5
142.7
492.0
55.1
74.0
16.4
143.0
492.9
55.3
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
12.2
160.1
121,3
39.6
120.3
13.9
12.2
160.3
121.8
39.7
120.4
13.8
12.1
160.5
122.0
39.3
120.7
13.9
12.2
160.6
122.7
39.3
121.1
13.8
12.1
161.7
122.7
38.9
121.1
13.8
12.1
161.5
123.2
38.8
1209
13.9
12,1
162,3
123.8
39.1
121.1
13.9
12.1
162.4
123.4
38.8
121.5
13.9
12,3
164,1
123,7
39,0
121,2
13,8
12.3
164.8
123.9
39.2
121.5
13.9
12.3
164.3
124.2
39.1
121.4
13.6
12.3
165.2
124.7
38.3
121.2
13.6
12.3
165.8
124.9
38.5
120.7
13.5
See footnotes at end of table.
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major Industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1997
1996
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
Trade
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
415.3
54.1
457.8
243.8
2,959.5
417.4
53.9
459.9
246.0
2,960.0
417.1
54.0
462.1
245.6
2,960.7
418.3
54.7
464.8
247.8
2,972.5
419.0
54.9
463.9
248.9
2,972.4
421.3
55.3
467.6
247.8
2,975.7
420.9
55.0
470.5
248.4
2,976.2
421.2
54.9
470.1
248.3
2,981.5
420.4
54.3
470.3
248.3
2,983.9
420.8
54.1
473.3
249.1
2,998.0
421.4
54.3
473.4
249.5
2,999.9
421.3
54.1
476.1
248.0
2,983.8
421.6
54.1
479.3
248.3
2,999.5
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
460.2
343.9
83.3
50.9
1,584.7
461.7
345.0
83.5
50.8
1,589.6
462.1
344.9
84.0
49.0
1,592.8
466.0
345.7
84.3
48.4
1,599.7
465.9
346.5
83.9
48.8
1,601.0
460.9
347.7
83.6
49.1
1,606.6
468.9
348.5
83.8
49.4
1,614.3
468.8
347.4
84.5
49.9
1.619.6
469.3
347.6
84.9
50.2
1,624.6
470.5
349.1
85.3
50.1
1,631.4
470.5
349.9
85.5
50.3
1,635.1
467.6
350.0
84.8
50.1
1,633.9
473.4
349.1
85.4
50.5
1,643.2
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
879.0
136.3
123.1
1,302.7
677.4
886.5
136.2
124.2
1,302.7
677.4
882.1
135.5
123.9
1,296.8
677.8
891.4
135.4
124.2
1,302.4
678.7
899.9
135.2
124.8
1,303.3
678.1
919.3
134.3
125.5
1,304.1
683.4
905.6
134.7
125.8
1,305.5
683.6
896.9
135.0
125.9
1,307.8
683.9
902.1
135.2
126.2
1,306.8
683.6
907.9
135.3
126.3
1,308.9
684.0
915.1
135.0
126.9
1,312.0
683.5
903.9
135.3
127.4
1,297.0
678.2
902.9
135.6
127.8
1,301.9
679.7
340.5
300.1
398.8
417.6
136.7
340.9
301.5
399.8
418.9
136.4
341.1
301.8
399.0
420.0
136.4
341.0
302.9
400.7
421.4
136.9
341.2
303.1
400.3
422.5
137.0
341.6
303.2
401.9
422.7
136.1
345.6
303.9
402.7
423.2
136.0
339.8
304.0
402.1
423.5
136.9
339.4
306.2
399.8
426.1
135.8
340.6
306.4
401.5
427.4
135.5
340.7
306.9
405.2
428.7
134.1
340.5
309.1
404.5
427.4
137.1
339.3
308.4
405.8
427.4
137.2
526.7
689.6
1,023.1
589.1
230.0
527.4
690.5
1,025.8
591.0
232.1
527.1
691.3
1,017.6
590.6
232.8
527.6
694.8
1,021.1
592.6
233.3
529.6
696.4
1,021.4
592.9
233.3
530.7
700.8
1,019.9
591.2
234.3
530.7
704.1
1,025.2
593.3
233.7
530.4
702.2
1,028.8
592.7
232.9
531.5
703.7
1,034.7
596.2
233.4
532.4
706.0
1,033.5
597.5
233.8
533.7
706.3
1,037.1
600.0
233.4
531.6
705.0
1,033.4
600.4
233.5
534.9
701.7
1,039.7
601.9
232.9
609.3
97.7
206.7
164.2
142.4
611.2
97.9
206.6
165.7
142.6
611.7
98.2
205.9
166.2
144.3
612.7
98.4
206.8
167.5
145.7
612.9
98.1
207.7
168.7
146.5
609.9
97.0
204.9
171.1
146.9
613.0
97.1
206.9
172.4
146.3
612.6
96.8
207.6
172.8
144.9
616.2
97.3
208.6
174.1
146.5
617.4
97.5
209.3
175.1
146.9
618.9
97.3
209.6
176.4
147.9
616.1
97.2
210.2
176.6
147.2
616.2
97.6
211.1
177.6
149.1
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
851.2
162.3
1,615.0
804.8
79.8
851.8
)62.9
1,615.0
808.9
79.9
850.5
163.4
1,612.9
806.7
79.8
854.8
164.4
1,619.8
810.7
80.2
856.5
164.3
1,622.0
810.3
80.1
855.6
164.5
1,621.5
813.0
80.0
857.3
164.1
1,623.9
808.4
80.0
858.9
164.2
1,627.4
810.2
80.3
859.7
165.0
1,630.6
817.0
80.0
861.1
166.1
1,637.5
817.8
80.8
860.9
166.6
1,635.4
820.3
80.8
860.9
165.8
1,627.9
822.2
80.9
867.6
166.0
1,628.7
821.5
80.9
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
1,292.0
316.3
359.1
1,195.9
96.4
1,293.6
317.2
361.1
1,196.3
96.7
1,294.2
315.3
362.4
1,198.9
97.0
1,296.2
317.4
364.3
1,203.2
98.1
1,297.2
316.9
364.5
1,202.3
98.2
1,296.9
317.4
366.5
1,208.0
99.4
1,298.8
319.0
367.7
1,211.2
100.0
1,302.5
318.9
367.2
1,216.1
99.6
1,306.9
321.4
368.1
1,217.7
99.3
1,313.2
323.4
368.9
1,217.8
99.7
1,315.7
323.9
371.7
1,221.4
99.8
1,315.9
324.6
372.2
1,220.0
98.7
1,317.1
324.1
371.1
1,221.6
99.7
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
394.6
87.7
591.2
1,967.1
226.3
395.7
87.5
594.8
1,973.6
227.2
396.2
87.3
592.0
1,979.4
227.4
397.4
87.5
593.1
1,987.3
228.9
398.7
87.2
592.6
1,990.1
229.9
397.0
87.2
591.5
1,993.7
231.3
399.2
88.0
597.2
1,995.2
232.6
400.1
87.7
600.1
1,997.3
232.3
398.9
87.8
598.8
2,005.7
232.4
400.8
87.8
602.8
2,009.5
233.5
402.1
87.9
605.9
2,014.7
234.6
400.3
86.9
604.0
2,014.2
235.0
401.2
88.0
605.2
2,020.2
235.5
64.4
706.7
584.3
158.4
592.6
52.2
64.5
709.1
586.8
159.1
594.2
52.0
64.6
707.7
586.8
159.2
592.9
52.2
64.6
708.4
588.3
159.5
596.2
51.9
64.8
711.4
588.1
160.3
595.6
51.9
64.5
714.1
594.0
160.4
595.1
52.2
64.4
716.7
594.7
160.5
593.8
52.3
64.1
717.6
593.8
160.9
596.3
52.0
65.0
723.7
595.7
161.9
597.6
52.3
64.6
724.4
596.4
162.1
599.4
51.8
64.3
726.1
596.6
161.3
600.7
52.3
65.0
724.2
596.3
160.6
600.5
51.7
64.8
726.6
596.6
161.0
602.9
52.0
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
Vemiont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
See footnotes at end of table.
(In thousands)
1996
1997
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
80.7
11.7
113.0
42.6
734.2
80.9
11.7
113.6
48.7
732.5
81.1
11.7
113.3
42.9
731.6
81.4
11.8
113.9
43.1
731.6
81.5
11.7
114.9
43.3
732.5
81.7
11.9
115.8
43.3
734.7
82.0
11.7
116.6
43.4
734.7
81.9
11.7
116.8
43.4
733.1
82.3
11.7
116.8
43.5
734.0
82.6
11.7
117.1
43.6
734.0
82.7
11.7
117.6
43.6
733.8
82.9
11.7
119.0
43.6
732.3
83.0
11.7
120.2
43.6
732.2
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
116.4
131.1
42.5
29.7
387.9
116.9
131.1
42.9
29.6
389.4
117.3
130.7
43.1
28.0
390.3
117.9
130.8
43.4
28.2
392.8
118.4
130.6
43.5
28.0
392.7
118.9
130.6
43.9
28.2
394.6
119.0
130.3
44.3
28.3
395.7
118.8
130.5
44.3
28.0
397.4
118.1
130.5
44.3
27.7
398.1
118.5
130.6
44.2
28.0
399.4
118.8
130.4
44.6
28.0
401.0
119.9
129.7
44.3
28.0
401.7
120.3
129.3
45.0
27.9
401.0
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
178.5
37.2
25.2
384.6
133.5
179.3
37.1
25.2
384.9
133.7
179.1
37.0
25.1
385.1
133.9
180.0
37.0
25.2
384.8
134.2
180.2
36.9
25.2
384.4
134.1
181.1
36.6
25.1
384.4
134.8
180.4
36.6
25.3
385.5
135.1
181.1
36.6
25.3
386.2
135.8
182.1
36.8
25.4
387.5
136.3
182.4
36.6
25.4
387.9
136.4
182.6
36.6
25.4
387.9
136.4
183.5
36.4
25.5
387.0
137.1
183.0
36.2
25,4
387.9
137.7
77.5
58.4
66.7
82.1
26.5
77.7
58.5
66.7
82.2
26.5
77.6
58.4
66.9
82.2
26.5
77.8
58.4
67.1
82.6
26.6
77.9
58.5
67.3
82.7
26.6
77.7
58.4
67.8
83.0
26.7
77.7
58.6
67.9
83.3
26.7
77.3
58.4
67.7
83.4
26.7
77.6
58.9
68.3
83.4
26.8
77.6
58.8
68.3
83.5
26.9
77.8
59.0
68.6
83.4
27.1
77.5
59.5
68.4
83.5
27.4
77.7
59.6
68.8
83.6
27.2
Maryland
Massachusetts...
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
127.8
205.7
199.8
141.7
40.6
128.0
206.1
201.0
141.8
40.6
128.1
206.3
200.4
142.4
40.7
127.8
206.9
200.2
142.6
40.8
128.3
208.2
201.4
142.8
41.0
128.5
209.4
201.3
142.2
41.2
128.8
210.1
201.4
142.6
41.0
128.6
210.8
201.5
142.8
40.9
128.6
211.7
202.2
142.7
41.0
128.7
212.5
202.4
143.1
41.1
128.6
213.1
203.2
143.5
41.2
127.7
211.9
201.9
143.2
41.1
127.2
212.9
202.2
143.8
41.0
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire .
148.3
16.0
53.4
37.5
28.1
149.0
15.9
53.4
37.6
28.0
148.4
15.9
52.5
37.6
28.3
148.9
15.9
52.8
37.6
28.2
148.9
16.1
52.9
37.7
28.2
150.2
15.9
53.1
37.9
28.4
150.6
16.0
52.7
37.9
28.1
150.6
15.9
52.9
37.9
28.2
151.0
16.1
53.2
38.1
28.1
151.3
16.1
53.3
38.2
28.1
151.9
16.2
53.6
38.4
28.3
153.6
16.1
54.2
38.3
28.5
154.1
16.4
53.9
38.5
28.3
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota ..
230.5
31.0
718.8
150.4
14.1
229.9
31.3
719.8
151.1
14.1
230.1
31.5
719.3
151.0
14.2
230.8
31.7
720.6
151.7
14.3
231.4
31.6
721.7
152.8
14.4
231.2
31.7
721.3
153.5
14.5
231.7
31.6
721.9
154.3
14.5
232.8
31.7
722.1
154.8
14.6
233.5
31.8
723.0
156.9
14.8
234.1
31.8
723.0
157.7
14.8
234.5
31.9
723.5
158.4
14.8
235.0
32.2
725.4
159.2
14.7
234.5
32.2
725.8
159.6
14.7
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania ...
Rhode Island ...
274.8
66.3
89.1
306.1
25.0
275.2
66.5
89.5
306.3
25.0
275.8
66.7
89.7
307.9
24.8
276.8
67.1
90.2
307.2
24.8
277.4
67.2
90.6
307.7
25.0
277.6
67.4
90.5
309.2
25.4
277.9
67.7
90.9
310.4
25.4
278.3
67.5
91.1
310.9
25.5
279.0
67.9
91.8
310.9
25.3
279.5
68.2
92.4
311.6
25.4
279.8
68.4
92.6
312.4
25.6
279.5
68.3
93.3
311.5
25.5
280.5
68.8
93.7
311.9
25.6
South Carolina .
South Dakota ...
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
71.5
19.3
116.0
441.0
49.7
71.7
19.4
116.7
441.8
49.8
71.8
19.6
116.0
441.8
50.1
72.2
19.6
116.9
442.7
50.5
72.2
19.8
117.3
443.9
50.7
72.4
19.9
117.5
444.6
50.6
72.7
19.9
118.0
445.2
50.6
73.0
20.0
118.1
446.0
50.5
72.9
20.0
118.2
447.5
50.8
73.0
20.1
118.6
447.5
51.3
73.1
20.2
118.9
448.3
51.4
73.2
20.3
119.3
448.7
51.1
73.3
20.2
119.4
448.4
51.5
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia ...
Wisconsin
Wyoming
12.1
160.9
122.8
26.9
137.5
7.9
12.1
161.2
122.9
27.0
137.9
7.9
12.1
161.6
123.1
27.0
138.0
7.9
12.1
161.6
123.6
27.2
138.1
7.9
12.1
162.0
123.6
27.1
138.0
8.0
12.1
161.8
123.9
27.1
138.1
8.0
12.2
162.2
124.2
26.9
138.6
7.9
12.2
162.3
124.4
27.1
138.4
7.9
12.2
163.1
124.1
27.4
138.9
8.0
12.2
163.5
124.4
27.4
139.3
8.0
12.2
163.8
124.6
27.5
139.6
8.0
12.4
164.1
125.4
27.3
139.8
7.9
12.4
164.2
125.8
27.4
140.4
7.8
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
See footnotes at end of table.
(In thousands)
1997
1996
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
Sen/ices
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
399.0
61.2
544.2
243.5
3,837.1
402.0
61.9
547.3
244.7
3,858.4
402.6
62.1
548.8
244.4
3,875.6
404.2
62.4
556.4
245.8
3,899.3
405.3
62.3
559.0
245.9
3,911.3
407.1
63.3
565.3
245.6
3,930.6
408.6
62.8
568.6
247.2
3,945.7
409.5
62.8
574.6
247.7
3,946.9
410.2
62.3
575.5
248.5
3,973.8
410.9
62.5
577.9
249.7
3,991.2
411.8
62.8
580.2
250.7
4,004.2
409.7
62.6
579.3
250.4
4,015.6
410.7
62.9
585.1
250.9
4,021.9
Colorado
Conneotiout
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
551.8
473.7
100.1
264.4
2,078.0
555.2
475.3
100.9
264.3
2,085.7
558.7
476.9
100.8
260.8
2,089.6
563.1
479.8
102.2
259.7
2,103.4
564.7
481.4
102.3
259.4
2,111.6
567.0
484.2
103.2
265.5
2,129.0
570.0
486.1
103.4
264.6
2,134.0
571.3
486.9
103.5
263.9
2,145.4
573.8
486.1
103.5
262.6
2,147.7
576.2
487.7
104.0
262.3
2,153.7
579.1
488.5
104.4
263.7
2,164.0
581.5
489.0
104.3
263.9
2,166.8
584.9
491.1
104.3
267.8
2,179.9
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
879.0
165.5
112.4
1,621.3
641.0
884.2
165.6
113.1
1,627.6
643.8
894.8
165.1
114.2
1,632.5
647.0
903.3
165.7
114.9
1,639.8
650.8
909.4
165.6
115.6
1,640.8
651.3
937.8
165.8
115.6
1,648.3
657.1
908.7
166.7
116.0
1,650.4
658.8
904.2
166.5
115.7
1,653.0
662.6
911.7
166.8
116.3
1,653.0
662.4
915.5
167.0
116.2
1,655.3
661.5
918.5
167.0
116.0
1,659.8
661.4
918.2
168.1
115.9
1,662.1
665.3
927.0
168.7
116.4
1,664.0
661.9
354.3
295.0
401.8
476.3
149.4
356.1
296.3
403.1
479.6
149.5
356.6
298.2
403.0
481.1
149.9
357.9
299.5
406.0
482.5
149.6
358.8
298.5
407.2
483.6
150.3
359.2
300.9
408.6
486.7
150.3
359.7
301.7
411.3
487.9
150.7
358.2
302.3
411.5
490.3
150.8
363.3
304.4
413.8
493.8
151.2
365.4
305.0
413.7
494.6
151.7
367.6
305.7
416.8
495.4
152.4
367.5
307.1
413.7
496.8
152.9
369.4
308.5
415.7
495.4
154.0
Maryland
Massachusetts....
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
706.0
1,048.2
1,154.9
664.9
240.2
710.3
1,050.1
1,157.3
666.8
242.6
711.3
1,053.4
1,159.4
667.7
243.4
713.7
1,059.4
1,166.7
670.8
244.8
715.8
1,061.6
1,166.2
674.8
245.1
718.4
1,065.1
1,163.5
673.5
246.2
720.1
1,067.9
1,174.2
676.6
250.2
720.6
1,072.5
1,174.3
677.4
251.2
722.3
1,075.3
1,174.4
676.5
252.0
725.3
1,078.6
1,177.5
678.5
252.8
727.9
1,079.9
1,180.9
679.4
253.0
723.7
1,078.6
1,182.8
677.9
250.4
730.1
1,083.4
1,189.6
681.8
251.1
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire ..
699.8
100.3
218.0
354.2
158.3
702.9
100.7
219.4
356.2
158.5
707.2
101.7
220.1
362.3
162.1
710.5
102.3
219.3
363.9
163.4
707.4
103.3
219.6
365.7
164.2
707.6
101.5
219.7
364.8
165.7
709.9
101.6
219.9
367.4
165.8
708.7
101.6
220.8
368.1
164.7
711.0
102.2
222.3
368.0
165.5
713.6
102.6
223.5
371.4
164.2
719.0
102.9
224.2
373.5
164.1
714.1
101.7
224.9
376.5
163.6
719.4
102.2
225.5
378.4
163.3
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina ....
North Dakota
1,108.4
190.6
2,587.8
794.6
83.6
1,111.2
189.8
2,590.4
800.3
83.4
1,111.8
190.8
2,597.6
807.8
83.8
1,119.5
192.1
2,608.7
816.3
84.4
1,123.0
192.3
2,609.4
820.4
84.5
1,123.9
191.8
2,612.7
825.1
84.9
1,128.4
192.1
2,618.8
828.3
85.0
1,130.4
193.2
2,626.7
832.6
85.1
1,134.1
193.8
2,632.8
846.0
85.8
1,1375
194.2
2,639.0
850.1
86.1
1,140.8
195.2
2,645.8
852.0
86.1
1,143.9
194.9
2,639.3
845.4
86.0
1,146.8
195.6
2,651.6
840.9
86.9
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania .
Rhode Island .
1,398.8
357.0
376.8
1,633.6
145.6
1,400.8
358.8
377.7
1,637.9
145.8
1,406.5
359.5
377.8
1,644.3
145.7
1,414.4
362.2
382.1
1,646.8
146.0
1,417.8
363.3
383.5
1,652.5
145.8
1,420.9
363.9
387.1
1,655.1
146.1
1,424.7
367.8
390.2
1,659.2
147.0
1,425.7
368.1
391.2
1,663.5
147.6
1,425.6
370.0
391.8
1,668.2
147.2
1,426.3
372.5
393.7
1,672.8
148.1
1,429.5
374.1
395.0
1,677.4
148.0
1,429.4
376.3
392.0
1,679.3
146.1
1,431.3
378.6
397.1
1,687.2
145.8
South Carolina .
South Dakota ...
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
368.1
89.0
649.4
2,185.1
248.8
369.9
89.0
651.9
2,191.3
249.8
371.4
89.5
652.6
2,200.0
250.7
374.3
89.7
653.9
2,208.0
253.1
375.1
89.9
656.0
2,205.3
254.5
375.2
90.1
655.9
2,218.1
256.2
376.0
90.3
658.9
2,234.6
258.0
376.4
90.5
660.1
2,243.9
259.9
375.5
91.0
659.3
2,255.3
260.9
376.6
91.1
662.8
2,261.5
261.5
378.1
91.0
664.8
2,266.8
2631
375.0
90.1
664.8
2,255.9
264.3
376.8
90.7
666.2
2,268.7
266.7
81.3
898.7
640.1
188.8
643.8
47.7
81.5
902.7
641.4
189.4
647.4
48.0
81.9
903.6
644.3
189.8
649.6
47.9
82.0
906.1
647.2
190.9
651.6
48.1
81.6
907.2
647.7
191.5
653.0
48.0
80.8
910.3
649.2
191.6
654.8
48.2
80.9
915.6
653.9
192.1
658.8
48.3
81.1
919.6
652.3
191.7
661.9
48.3
81.8
924.3
656.2
192.5
666.7
48.6
82.1
926.1
657.6
193.8
669.2
48.1
82.0
932.6
659.1
193.9
672.0
48.0
83.0
936.1
659.4
194.9
668.6
47.9
82.5
943.2
664.2
195.0
669.0
48.1
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky ...
Louisiana ..
fulaine
Vermont
Virginia
Washington ....
West Virginia .
Wisconsin
Wyoming
See footnotes at end of table.
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1996
1997
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr,
342.4
72.9
316.8
178.3
2,105.9
343.0
73.3
318.3
178.4
2,106.6
Colorado
Connecticut....
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
306.9
221.7
51.5
246.9
926.1
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
May
June
July
343.4
73.3
312.6
178.7
2,109.4
343.3
72.6
315.8
178.9
2,112,6
341.5
73.4
317.7
179.4
2,112,8
338.2
73.4
314.2
179.2
2,112.3
307.7
221.2
52.1
245.6
949.8
307.9
223.1
52.3
243.1
924.6
309.1
222.6
52.5
242.0
926.1
308.4
222.6
52.6
240.8
924.1
569.5
110.7
96.2
806.0
393.7
569.6
110.4
96.8
808.1
395.1
569.0
109.6
97.0
808.3
395.4
569.5
110.5
96.9
809.4
397.7
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky ..
Louisiana .
Maine
231.3
234.3
288.3
362.6
92.8
231.9
235.5
288.5
361.8
93.1
232.3
234.3
289.0
362.0
92.8
Maryland
Massachusetts...
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
423.8
398.1
643.6
378.3
215.3
421.5
399.3
643.1
376,2
215,9
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire.
397,7
76.6
151,1
99.3
77,7
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina ...,
North Dakota
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.P
341.6
73.1
325.0
180.4
2,118,1
340.9
73.4
325.0
179.8
2,126,2
341.6
73.3
325.7
179.9
2,132.4
341.9
73.3
329.6
179.7
2,133.7
342.1
73.0
326.5
180.1
2,133.1
342.6
73.2
322.7
180.2
2,139,0
342.8
73.7
327.2
180.3
2,140.8
308.1
223.1
53.1
239.3
920.3
308,2
223,7
53.4
239.5
921.0
310.2
225.4
53.1
238.6
928.3
310.4
227.3
53.0
238.7
928.4
310.6
226.7
53.0
237.9
942.5
310.5
227.0
53.1
237.5
936.2
313.3
224.7
53.1
235.2
947.8
313.5
226.9
53.0
234.3
942.8
569.3
110.5
96.2
812.0
397.3
570.7
110.5
97.7
816.1
378.9
567.1
110.5
98.5
820.0
390.1
567.4
109.8
98.1
815.8
396.1
567.9
109.6
99.3
806.2
395.7
569.7
109.6
99.6
808.9
397.3
570.0
109.3
99.6
808.0
393.7
5663
112.4
98.3
805.3
386.5
566.6
110.2
99.5
803.7
389.7
232.8
237.5
289.3
361.3
92.1
232.4
233.4
290.5
362.1
93.3
232.3
227.0
291.0
358.4
92.9
230.7
230.0
290.1
360.5
93.1
230.6
233.6
287.5
362.1
94.1
230.9
239.6
290.1
360.7
93.5
230.2
246.5
290.4
360.9
93.3
230.2
240.2
290.9
361.3
93.6
231.1
237.3
290.8
360.8
93.3
230.1
237.3
291.7
363.2
93.4
421.0
398.2
643.5
376.0
216.0
422.1
398.3
645.1
377.3
216.4
425.0
398.8
643.2
376.7
217.1
422.8
399.9
638.3
384.0
218.9
420.6
400.2
637.4
382.6
220.2
422.3
404.8
644.7
383.0
219.5
420.3
402.2
645.0
381.1
219.7
420.2
403.0
646.5
383.5
219.5
419.4
403.1
643.6
383.0
220.3
422.6
401.1
646.3
380.0
220.0
422.3
400.7
645.6
380.9
220.2
398,5
76,8
150,9
99,4
77,9
398.9
78,5
151,6
98,9
79,3
398.1
76.4
150.9
99.2
79.1
401.0
75.1
151.3
99.2
79.4
396.6
76.3
151.6
102.2
79.2
397.5
76.2
152,2
100,2
79,0
398.8
76.4
152.0
102.8
79.1
404.8
77.6
152,2
103,1
79,1
404.9
78.7
153.3
106.8
79.8
405.0
77.2
152.5
103.9
79.4
405.0
78.0
152.9
104.6
80.3
407.7
77,4
152,0
104,7
79,8
566,8
169,0
1,390,1
556.1
70.4
567,0
169,3
1,389,8
557,0
70,4
586.8
169.8
1,388,9
559,4
70,6
566.2
170.0
1,390,3
561,8
70,5
568,0
172,1
1,387,6
582,7
70,3
568.6
172.2
1,377.1
550.2
70.2
566,2
172,3
1,374,9
558,3
70,8
569.2
171.8
1,377.3
567.9
71.3
568.6
172.3
1,380.3
568,1
70,5
567.9
173,1
1,375,9
570,3
70,7
566.9
173.6
1,374,4
572,3
70.8
568,7
172,9
1,371,3
576.1
70.7
567,6
173,2
1,374.6
578.6
71.2
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania ...
Rhode Island ...
751.4
270.3
244,4
722,2
61,2
751,9
271,2
245,1
722,2
61,4
749,9
271,6
245,3
721,6
61,1
753,0
272,3
246,1
721,8
61.3
753,7
270,9
245,6
711,1
60,6
751.6
271.1
246.4
721.3
59.3
758,2
272,0
244,3
722,2
60,1
749.8
270.9
246.5
723.2
61.8
750,3
273,2
246.2
722.5
62.0
752,1
273,3
251.2
722.2
62,2
753,2
273,1
247.8
723.1
62.1
751.7
271.8
248.9
723,2
62,2
754.1
271.3
249.8
727,3
62.7
South Carolina .
South Dakota ...
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
295,4
70,5
380,4
1,450,5
165,7
295,5
70,7
400,8
1,451,7
166,1
294,7
70,5
380,0
1,453,3
166,4
294.7
70.7
379.7
1,454.3
166.4
304.0
69.8
385.4
1,451,3
166.2
298.6
70.4
379.7
1,450,7
166,4
298,1
69,9
378,8
1,453,8
166,4
299,5
70,5
381.9
1,452,5
166,8
299.5
69.6
383.1
1,459,9
167,9
310,9
70,4
384.2
1,463,5
168,4
300,5
70,1
383,5
1,466.0
168.8
300,4
70,6
382,8
1,463,1
168,4
300.9
70.7
384.0
1,469.2
168.5
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
WestViigima ...
Wisconsin
Wyoming
45,3
594,2
448,1
137,4
378,9
58,1
45,2
594,9
449,1
137,9
380,7
58,3
45.4
595.9
449.0
137.5
376.6
58.2
45.3
595.9
450.0
149.7
380.8
58.6
45.0
595.8
448.8
138.3
384.2
58.7
45,1
597.2
453.8
135.8
383.7
59.2
45,2
598,5
451,0
138.3
387.1
59.6
45,5
597,9
450,7
138.0
384.2
59.0
45,3
599,8
451,2
137,9
383,2
58.9
45,5
800,7
451,6
138,6
386,9
59.0
45.7
601.1
453.8
138.4
384.3
58.8
45,0
603,6
455,3
138.5
384.6
59.1
45.6
602.3
454.1
140.7
385.2
59.0
Government
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
^ Includes mining, not shown separately.
2 Mining is combined with construction.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: All data have been adjusted to March 1996 benchmarks and incorporate
updated seasonal adjustment factors.
1997
1996
Industry
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb."
Mar."
Total private
34.5
34.3
34.2
34.7
34.2
34.4
34.7
34.3
34.6
34.8
34.2
34.9
34.8
Goods-producing
40.8
41.0
40.9
41.1
41.0
41.1
41.0
41.0
41.1
41.3
40.8
41.3
41.4
Mining
45.7
45.0
45.2
45.9
44.9
44.8
45.4
45.4
44.8
45.7
44.3
46.3
46.4
Construction
38.7
38.9
38.0
38.7
38.7
38.7
38.6
38.8
38.9
38.8
37.8
39.0
38.9
iWanufacturing
Overtime hours
41.3
4.3
41.5
4.6
41.7
4.6
41.8
4.6
41.6
4.4
41.7
4.5
41.7
4.5
41.7
4.4
41.7
4.5
42.0
4.6
41.7
4.7
41.9
4.7
42.1
4.9
Durable goods
Overtime tiours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
42.0
4.5
40.6
39.4
43.2
43.9
44.5
42.0
43.0
41.4
42.2
42.1
41.7
39.7
42.4
4.9
40.8
39.2
43.4
43.9
44.1
42.3
43.2
40.9
44.6
46.0
41.4
39.6
42.5
5.1
41.0
39.7
43.2
44.2
44.4
42.6
43.0
41.3
44.5
46.5
41.6
39.9
42.6
5.0
41.2
39.5
43.5
44.2
44.5
42.6
43.3
41.6
44.4
45.7
41.9
39.7
42.3
4.7
41.1
39.7
43.2
44.0
44.3
42.4
43.1
41.2
43.9
45.5
41.4
39.7
42.5
4.8
40.9
39.5
43.2
44.5
44.2
42.5
42.8
41.7
44.7
46.4
41.7
39.8
42.5
4.8
40.9
39.5
43.2
44.5
44.4
42.4
43.0
41.6
44.3
45.2
41.9
39.8
42.4
4.7
40.9
39.5
43.3
44.4
44.6
42.4
42.9
41.5
43.9
44.7
41.7
39.8
42.4
4.7
41.0
39.6
43.2
44.1
44.7
42.3
43.0
41.4
44.1
44.6
41.8
40.0
42.7
4.9
41.0
40.2
43.4
44.6
44.6
42.5
43.2
41.8
44.5
45.1
42.1
40.6
42.4
5.0
40.4
39.7
42.3
44.4
44.8
42.1
43.1
41.1
45.0
45.9
41.6
40.0
42.8
5.0
40.8
39.7
43.6
44.7
44.7
42.6
43.5
41.9
44.4
45.2
42.2
40.7
42.9
5.3
40.9
40.2
43.3
45.1
45.3
42.7
43.5
42.0
45.0
45.9
42.0
40.6
Nondurabie goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
40.5
4.0
41.1
40.4
40.8
36.9
43.1
38.2
43.1
0
41.3
37.8
40.4
4.2
41.1
40.4
40.3
36.5
43.4
38.1
42.9
0
41.4
37.6
40.6
4.0
41.2
39.5
40.6
37.2
43.4
38.3
43.2
0
41.7
38.3
40.7
4.2
41.0
39.4
40.9
37.6
43.5
38.1
43.4
40.5
4.1
40.8
39.4
40.8
37.1
43.4
38.2
43.3
40.6
4.0
40.6
39.8
40.9
37.4
43.3
38.4
43.3
40.7
4.1
41.0
40.3
40.9
37.3
43.5
38.3
43.1
40.6
4.1
41.1
39.9
40.9
37.4
43.4
38.2
43.2
40.7
4.1
41.2
40.6
41.3
37.4
43.6
38.2
43.3
41.0
4.3
41.4
41.6
41.6
37.4
43.8
38.4
43.6
40.6
4.2
41.0
39.4
41.1
37.1
43.7
38.1
43.2
40.8
4.3
41.4
41.4
40.8
37.2
43.7
38.5
43.3
40.9
4.4
41.3
41.8
41.5
37.5
43.9
38.7
43.0
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
41.5
38.5
41.5
38.3
41.7
38.9
41.6
38.8
41.5
38.4
41.2
39.0
41.8
38.8
41.2
38.0
41.6
39.0
41.8
38.8
32.8
32.5
32.5
33.0
32.5
32.6
33.0
32.6
32.8
33.0
32.4
33.2
33.1
Transportation and pubiic utilities
39.9
39.4
39.2
40.0
39.4
39.7
40.1
39.6
39.9
40.0
39.4
39.9
39.9
Whoiesaie trade
38.3
38.1
38.0
38.7
38.0
38.3
38.5
38.1
38.3
38.6
38.0
38.8
38.6
Retali trade
28.9
28.6
28.8
29.0
28.6
28.8
28.9
28.7
29.0
28.9
28.7
29.4
29.1
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
Service-producing
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
Services
0
0
0
0
' Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
Insurance, and real estate; and sen/ices.
' These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and
irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
" = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 fonward are
subject to revision.
(1982=100)
1996
1997
Industry
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb."
Mar."
Total private
135.5
135.2
135.3
137.7
136.1
136.9
138.0
137.1
138.2
139.3
137.1
140.6
140.5
Goods-producing
109.5
110.0
109.9
110.7,
110.2
110.6
110.3
110.5
110.9
111.6
110.5
112.7
112.7
55.7
54.6
55.2
56.0
54.2
54.3
54.7
54.7
53.9
55.1
54.0
56.8
57.0
Construction
145.6
146.8
143.9
147.1
147.8
148.0
147.9
149.0
150.5
151.3
147.9
156.4
154.3
iUanufacturing
105.2
105.7
106.2
106.5
105.8
106.3
105.9
105.9
106.1
106.8
106.1
106.9
107.4
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
106.3
133.1
122.0
108.9
91.5
73.1
113.0
103.2
108.1
113.2
147.9
73.6
102.4
107.7
134.8
120.8
108.9
91.0
72.4
113.5
103.6
106.8
122.9
167.4
72.9
101.4
103.4
135.9
123.9
108.6
91.8
73.3
114.5
103.2
107.8
122.4
170.6
73.6
102.1
108.9
137.2
122.6
109.7
92.5
73.5
115.2
103.9
108.3
123.8
168.7
74.0
102.0
108.0
136.7
124.2
108.6
90.9
72.8
115.0
103.4
107.8
121.4
165.1
72.6
101.3
108.9
136.9
122.9
109.2
92.9
72.6
115.8
102.8
108.7
125.0
172.9
73:5
101.1
108.3
136.2
122.9
109.2
92.6
72.5
115.3
102.7
108.0
122.3
164.5
74.0
101.1
108.2
137.1
122.6
109.9
92.4
72.5
115.5
102.8
107.4
121.4
161.8
73.6
101.1
108.4
137.9
123.9
109.2
91.6
72.6
115.4
103.2
107.2
122.7
161.7
73.6
102.0
109.3
137.7
125.4
110.2
92.6
72.1
115.9
104.0
107.9
123.9
163.9
74.2
103.9
108.8
135.6
124.2
107.4
92.2
72.8
115.3
104.4
105.9
126.1
167.7
73.3
103.5
110.0
137.6
125.1
111.2
92.7
72.2
116.8
105.7
108.7
124.1
164.1
74.5
105.0
110.5
139.3
127.0
109.7
93.7
72.8
117.3
106.0
108.7
125.7
166.2
74.0
104.3
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
103.7
114.7
64.0
92.0
76.7
108.4
123.6
100.9
74.6
139.2
44.1
102.9
114.1
64.0
90.1
75.5
108.5
122.7
100.1
72.8
139.7
43.9
103.3
114.6
60.7
90.9
76.4
108.5
123.2
100.4
72.9
141.1
44.1
103.3
112.3
62.5
91.4
76.7
108.4
122.7
100.6
76.7
141.0
44.4
102.6
111.3
60.5
91.2
76.0
107.7
123.0
100.0
75.8
141.2
43.5
102.6
110.6
57.2
91.1
75.3
107.9
123.6
99.8
75.8
142.8
43.0
102.6
111.8
61.9
90.9
74.9
108.8
123.0
99.2
75.1
142.1
42.9
102.7
112.4
63.2
91.3
74.8
108.8
122.8
99.2
73.4
141.5
42.5
102.8
113.2
66.4
91.3
74.3
109.3
122.8
99.4
74.8
140.9
42.5
103.4
114.2
65.9
92.1
73.9
109.8
123.2
99.8
75.5
142.6
43.5
102.5
113.7
60.5
91.2
73.1
109.5
121.8
98.7
76.3
140.3
42.0
102.8
114.3
65.6
89.8
72.9
109.3
123.1
98.9
73.6
142.4
42.5
103.1
114.4
68.3
91.6
73.0
109.6
123.5
97.9
74.2
143.1
42.3
147.2
146.6
146.7
149.8
147.7
148.7
150.4
149.0
150.5
151.7
149.1
153.2
153.0
Transportation and pubiic utilities
129.1
127.6
127.2
130.1
128.3
129.4
130.8
129.2
130.4
130.6
129.6
131.7
131.9
Wholesale trade
124.3
123.7
123.7
126.0
123.9
125.3
126.3
125.4
126.3
127.2
125.4
128.5
128.1
Retail trade
133.7
132.7
134.1
135.5
134.1
135.0
135.7
135.5
137.1
137.1
136.0
139.5
138.5
Finance, insurance, and real estate
125.4
124.2
124.0
128.9
125.1
126.3
129.6
125.0
127.6
130.6
125.6
130.9
131.5
Services
175.2
175.1
174.7
178.7
176.4
177.5
179.8
178.2
179.4
181.5
177.7
182.9
183.0
Mining
Service-producing
' Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and pubiic utiiities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
Insurance, and real estate; and services.
' = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 fonward are
subject to revision.
Millions of hours (annual rate)^
Percent change
Industry
Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Jan. 1997
to
Feb. 1997'
Feb. 1997
to
Mar. 1997"
3.3
2.0
-0.2
187,067
3.6
2.1
.0
1,370
11,444
39,848
23,766
16,082
13,328
13,496
33,524
13,511
60,612
1,376
11,360
39,979
23,860
16,119
13,339
13,464
33,247
13,560
60,743
.9
5.7
1.4
2.9
-.6
2.0
3.2
3.6
4.9
4.8
4.2
5.2
.5
.7
.3
1.3
2.5
2.5
3.6
2.2
36,607
36,212
2.0
1.4
Jan.
1997'
Feb.
1997'
Mar.
1997''
219,325
223,740
223,278
183,239
187,132
1,315
10,880
39,650
23,610
16,040
13,152
13,164
32,716
13,042
59,320
36,087
^ Total hours paid for 1 week In the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
P = prellmlnaty.
' = revised.
NOTE:
Data
refer
to
hours of
all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based
Mar. 1996
to
Mar. 1997P
.5
-.7
.3
.4
.2
.1
-.2
-.8
.4
.2
-1.1
largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS
Bulletin 2414, chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and
Major Subsectors".
SOURCE:
Office of Productivity and Technology (202-606-5606).
Historical data for this series also are available on the Internet at the
following address: http://stats.bls.gov/speclal.requests/opt/tableb10
1996
IVIar.
Apr.
May
June
July
1997
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb."
Mar."
Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime'
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)'
Goods-producing
Service-producing
$11.68 $11.72 $11.74 $11.83 $11.81 $11.87 $11.91 $11.90 $11.99 $12.04 $12.05 $12.10 $12.15
13.25
13.40
13.38
13.45
13.48
13.56
13.56
13.57
13.62
13.69
13.73
13.76
13.82
15.46
15.24
12.55
11.91
15.44
15.28
12.74
12.09
15.45
15.31
12.73
12.06
15.59
15.40
12.77
12.12
15.62
15.46
12.79
12.15
15.63
15.49
12.89
12.22
15.67
15.53
12.87
12.21
15.65
15.55
12.88
12.21
15.76
15.55
12.94
12.27
15.90
15.66
12.99
12.30
16.01
15.72
13.03
12.34
15.94
15.76
13.03
12.32
15.93
15.85
13.09
12.38
11.16
11.15
11.18
11.29
11.25
11.30
11.36
11.35
11.45
11.50
11.49
11.55
11.60
14.47
12.70
7.88
12.68
11.67
14.49
12.71
7.90
12.64
11.65
14.50
12.71
7.93
12.76
11.69
14.55
12.91
8.00
12.86
11.79
14.52
12.81
7.96
12.77
11.78
14.61
12.88
8.01
12.85
11.82
14.58
12.99
8.01
12.92
11.89
14.50
12.91
8.09
12.86
11.90
14.59
13.05
8.13
13.02
12.02
14.61
13.16
8.16
13.01
12.07
14.75
13.08
8.18
12.95
12.06
14.G2
13.21
8.20
13.06
12.15
14.68
13.25
8.23
13.10
12.20
7.40
8.40
7.07
7.40
8.46
7.04
7.40
8.43
7.04
7.45
8.47
7.11
7.42
8.47
7.07
7.45
8.51
7.09
7.45
8.48
7.10
7.41
8.45
7.07
7.45
8.46
7.11
7.46
8.48
7.13
7.46
8.50
7.11
7.47
8.50
7.13
(')
0
(')
Average weekly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
402.96 402.00 401.51 410.50 403.90 408.33 413.28 408.17 414.85 418.99 412.11 422.29 422.82
Goods-producing
540.60 549.40 547.24 552.79 552.68 557.32 555.96 556.37 559.78 565.40 560.18 568.29 572.15
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
706.52 694.80 698.34 715.58 701.34 700.22 711.42 710.51 706.05 726.63 709.24 738.02 739.15
589.79 594.39 581.78 595.98 598.30 599.46 599.46 603.34 604.90 607.61 594.22 614.64 616.57
518.31 528.71 530.84 533.79 532.06 537.51 536.68 537.10 539.60 545.58 543.35 545.96 551.09
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and reai estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)'
Goods-producing
Service-producing
366.05 362.38 363.35 372.57 365.63 368.38 374.88 370.01 375.56 379.50 372.28 383.46 383.96
577.35 570.91 568.40 582.00 572.09 580.02 584.66 574.20 582.14 584.40 581.15 583.34 585.73
486.41 484.25 482.98 499.62 486.78 493.30 500.12 491.87 499.82 507.98 497.04 512.55 511.45
227.73 225.94 228.38 232.00 227.66 230.69 231.49 232.18 235.77 235.82 234.77 241.08 239.49
0
(=)
(=)
0
0
(=)
0
(=)
0
(=)
0
0
(=)
(=)
(=)
(=)
(=)
(=)
0
(=)
(=)
(=)
(=)
0
(=)
0
255.36 253.95 253.00 258.50 253.71 256.17 258.46 254.31 257.67 259.60 255.02 260.83
342.59 347.06 344.83 348.10 347.16 349.64 347.69 346.65 347.69 350.31 346.65 351.01
231.97 228.92 228.95 234.62 229.67 231.10 234.45 230.54 233.27 235.13 230.37 236.85
' Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervlsory workers In
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
Insurance, and real estate; and services.
^ Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
^ The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
{')
n
n
' Not available.
^ These series are not computed because the average weekly hours'
components are not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
" = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward are subject to
revision.
(In thousands)
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers'
All employees
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
79,614 80,182
81,262
81,595
82,222
420
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
117,147 117,895 118,950 119,700 120,547
Total
Total private
Mining
99,837 100,560
97,472
98,086
99,479
559
563
556
556
558
411
416
415
416
51.1
51.2
39.7
6.8
11.6
39.9
6.8
11.7
39.9
6.8
11.5
39.7
6.8
11.4
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
50.0
50.2
8.1
8.1
14.7
14.8
51.3
8.3
14.9
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining.
12
122
101.5
95.1
100.8
94.4
96.6
90.5
96.0
90.0
96.0
83.0
77.8
82.5
77.2
79.3
74.1
78.9
73.8
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas...
Oil and gas field services
13
131
138
307.6
142.2
160.3
308.2
142.1
307.8
132.9
170.8
307.0
161.1
307.6
133.0
170.7
213.5
77.0
132.5
214.9
77.7
133.2
221.4
74.7
143.5
222.0
75.3
143.5
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ...
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals
14
142
144
147
99.6
37.1
30.8
14.1
103.4
38.7
32.2
14.1
100.1
37.3
31.8
13.3
101.5
37.7
32.5
13.4
103.8
74.7
28.4
78.3
30.0
74.4
28.7
75.6
29.0
4,823
4,944
5,065
5,092
5,199
3,648
3,756
3,841
3,866
1,137.3 1.153.3 1,192.3 1,186.2 1,195.0
600.0
572.9
578.7
596.1
27.6
27.8
26.7
27.3
564.7
537.7
562.3
547.3
784.5
377.8
796.2
362.2
830.1
400.3
823.1
396.7
Construction.
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
15
152
153
154
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway.
16
161
162
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning .
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work ..
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
Manufacturing
Durable goods.
633.5
164.0
469.5
676.4
180.2
496.2
635.1
163.5
471.6
8.2
14.9
650.2
170.1
480.1
680.8
11.0
11.2
11.1
11.1
395.7
402.8
418.7
415.3
512.5
123.3
389.2
553.8
138.3
415.5
514.2
122.3
391.9
526.1
127.6
400.5
3,960
3,052.3 3.114.4 3,237.8 3,255.2 3,322.7 2,350.6 2,406.3 2,496.9 2,514.8
552.2
550.0
527.4
754.8
751.9
524.3
716.5
720.7
134.9
127.7
133.1
167.6
165.6
126.6
167.6
159.0
504.7
466.4
501.0
465.7
596.5
600.0
643.6
639.2
364.9
358.1
377.0
343.4
418.9
432.4
445.1
403.8
184.9
184.4
166.9
166.9
245.1
244.7
224.4
226.3
156.5
161.6
164.7
203.2
207.6
155.4
198.3
207.8
18,225
18,188
18,155
18,183
18,216
12,585
12,551
12,518
12,548
12,575
10,622
10,597
10,670
10,694
10,724
7,272
7,248
7,302
7,333
7,358
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
742.3
78.1
179.9
142.0
36.3
271.9
105.3
76.1
27.7
28.8
50.1
79.0
61.2
83.3
741.8
76.1
179.1
141.8
35.7
272.9
105.8
76.6
27.6
28.5
49.8
80.0
61.9
83.9
758.2
75.6
182.7
144.9
36.1
281.5
111.7
78.3
27.6
28.5
49.9
83.3
63.7
85.2
759.4
74.9
183.7
145.9
36.1
282.3
111.3
79.2
27.9
28.4
50.5
82.2
62.8
85.6
764.4
606.9
62.9
155.3
122.1
31.8
216.1
80.3
60.9
23.7
25.8
42.6
62.7
51.3
67.3
607.3
61.0
154.7
122.0
31.3
217.4
80.9
61.6
23.5
25.6
42.3
63.6
51.7
68.3
622.5
60.4
158.9
125.5
32.0
224.7
85.6
62.
23.3
26.6
42.4
66.7
53.4
69.4
623.8
59.4
160.2
126.6
32.1
225.8
85.3
63.5
23.6
26.5
43.1
65.3
52.2
70.0
628.5
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
501.4
280.1
126.9
89.4
21.6
31.3
499.7
280.3
126.8
90.0
21.3
31.2
502.7
278.6
126.2
89.4
504.0
280.1
126.7
89.6
20.7
31.5
505.6
396.5
234.3
108.4
75.3
17.6
24.0
394.8
234.6
108.6
75.7
17.4
23.9
398.8
234.5
108.8
75.3
16.7
23.9
399.9
236.6
109.6
75.8
17.3
24.2
401.3
20.1
31.2
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nec
Products of purchased glass
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nec
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nec
Primary nonfen-ous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts nuts rivets and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stamoinos
Metal stampings, nec
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers'
All employees
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997'
61.0
41.2
83.0
36.1
60.3
40.8
82.4
35.9
60.1
43.2
84.2
36.6
59.7
43.2
84.2
36.8
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296
516.1
15.3
70.6
28.7
41.9
61.5
17.2
32.1
39.5
191.1
16.0
66.2
91.7
76.3
19.6
2.5
23.8
523.1
15.2
70.2
28.8
41.4
61.0
17.3
32.5
39.3
198.1
16.6
67.6
96.7
76.7
19.5
2.5
24.0
517.9
15.4
70.0
27.3
42.7
59.1
17.4
32.9
38.3
196.3
16.4
68.5
94.2
75.6
19.1
2.4
24.1
519.4
15.3
70.7
27.5
43.2
59.0
17.3
32.9
38.4
197.1
16.6
69.0
94.4
75.6
18.8
2.4
24.4
525.5
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
708.4
239.0
169.8
27.5
127.0
81.0
4.1
25.7
40.7
22.7
167.7
22.2
22.1
73.8
89.7
25.1
705.8
238.0
169.4
27.1
126.9
80.9
4.1
25.6
40.7
22.7
166.6
22.4
21.9
72.9
89.1
25.1
703.1
234.0
164.4
26.9
126.5
80.3
4.0
25.1
40.1
22.2
167.6
22.8
21.5
72.8
90.3
25.1
702.3
232.8
163.1
27.0
126.4
80.2
3.9
25.0
40.1
22.1
167.7
22.8
21.5
72.7
90.6
25.1
702.0
232.2
252
253
254
259
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
. 3469
-
-
-
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997'
45.1
32.6
60.7
23.8
44.5
32.0
60.1
23.6
44.5
34.4
61.3
24.1
43.9
33.9
61.5
24.0
398.9
12.2
59.4
25.8
33.6
47.6
12.9
24.6
31.5
143.2
10.0
49.0
70.7
58.5
15.3
2.2
405.2
12.1
59.0
26.0
33.0
47.3
12.9
25.1
31.2
149.5
10.5
50.2
75.3
58.8
15.2
2.1
400.7
12.2
58.4
24.3
34.1
45.5
13.2
25.8
30.4
148.1
10.3
51.6
72.7
57.8
15.1
2.0
402.6
12.2
59.4
24.8
34.6
45.6
13.2
25.8
30.4
148.2
10.4
51.7
72.8
58.2
14.9
2.0
-
551.4
182.8
130.5
20.6
104.2
67.2
3.2
20.9
31.3
18.2
127.2
17.1
16.0
56.2
73.3
20.7
-
550.0
182.6
130.5
20.4
103.9
67.0
3.2
20.8
31.2
18.0
126.6
17.2
15.8
55.7
73.1
20.6
-
548.6
179.9
127.3
20.3
103.9
66.7
3.1
20.6
31.2
18.0
127.4
17.7
16.0
54.8
73.8
20.7
-
547.9
178.8
126.1
20.4
103.9
66.7
3.0
20.4
31.2
18.0
127.8
17.7
16.0
54.9
73.5
20.5
Mar.
1997'
-
407.8
-
548.2
178.0
-
1,440.5 1,440.5 1,460.9 1,461.7 1,466.1 1,080.4 1,080.8 1,098.5 1,099.9 1,104 4
33.0
33.1
34.1
38.6
33.8
38.5
39.5
39.8
27.4
28.2
27.2
27.9
31.6
31.4
32.2
32.5
96.8
94.8
97.1
95.0
127.4
126.4
128.1
125.9
34.1
34.2
34.4
34.3
44.1
44.5
44.3
44.5
54.6
52.7
54.7
52.8
71.6
70.1
69.8
71.9
41.1
39.3
41.6
39.6
57.6
55.5
55.2
58.3
16.4
16.4
16.5
16.3
22.4
22.6
22.4
22.5
12.4
13.6
14.5
20.4
12.5
21.5
18.9
18.9
324.6 324.4
312.5 313.1
429.2 430.5 442.6 442.8
57.4
55.9
57.3
55.3
77.9
75.9
77.8
75.5
55.3
53.4
55.6
75.0
53.0
75.4
72.1
73.1
74.0
73.8
73.6
74.2
101.7
102.2
102.8
102.6
90.4
84.1
90.0
83.9
117.5
117.0
i 110.6 110.9
21.3
21.2
30.2
20.9
20.9
30.0
29.4
29.6
78.0
77.7
77.8
99.7
77.9
99.2
99.2
99.1
41.8
41.5
42.3
42.1
51.4
51.4
51.4
51.0
_
36.2
35.61
35.6
36.3
48.3
48.2
47.8
47.7
203.7
204.6 1 204.7 203.8
255.9 255.4 255.2 255.1
23.8
23.6
23.8
23.6
31.2
30.7
30.7
31.1
97.9
98.1
117.9
100.1
99.9
118.3
119.3
118.8
73.9
73.7
95.4
72.31
72.5
94.6
94.6
95.1
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nec
Plating and polishing.
Metal coating and allied sen/lces
Ordnance and accessories, nec
Ammunition, except for small arms, nec
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products ..
Valves and pipe fittings, nec
Misc. fabricated wire products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets ...
Internal combustion engines, nec
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Constmction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types ....
Machine tools, metal forming types ..
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures .
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears ..
Power transmission equipment, nec .
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers .
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nec
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. Industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nec .
Electronic and other electrical equipment...
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
See footnotes at end of table.
1987
SIC
Code
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
3575,8,9
358
. 3585
359
3592
3596,9
. 36
361
3612
3613
362
. 3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
Production workers'
All employees
Feb.
1996
130.5
80.7
49.8
48.9
25.5
255.4
25.2
58.1
Mar.
1996
131.5
81.3
50.2
48.6
25.5
254.5
25.1
58.1
Jan.
1997
139.2
86.5
52.7
45.4
23.9
254.4
25.1
57.3
Feb.
1997'
140.7
87.3
53.4
44.9
23.7
254.9
25.4
57.2
Mar.
1997'
-
Feb.
1996
102.2
63.4
38.8
27.0
11.2
187.8
19.1
43.9
Mar.
1996
103.2
64.1
39.1
26.8
11.2
187.1
19.0
44.0
Jan.
1997
110.7
69.1
41.6
23.7
9.7
186.2
18.8
43.2
2,085.7 2,091.4 2,098.1 2,107.8 2,116.6 1,306.9 1,308.4 1,313.2
53.6
53.5
53.5
83.7
83.5
86.2
86.0
14.2
14.1
13.9
24.8
25.2
25.1
25.4
39.4
39.6
58.7
39.4
58.6
61.0
60.6
_
74.7
73.2
74.5
105.0
101.2
102.7
99.7
_
53.2
51.7
52.6
74.1
75.1
72.9
71.9
147.0
147.2
147.8
227.7
226.8
225.6 226.0
53.9
79.6
55.1
55.5
80.6
79.1
80.4
9.6
9.9
16.3
9.9
16.5
16.4
16.5
27.4
28.6
42.9
27.0
42.4
40.4
40.0
22.9
23.3
41.0
23.0
41.0
40.1
40.3
20.0
20.4
20.3
29.2
29.6
29.2
29.6
245.1 245.3 246.1
344.8 345.0 345.9 346.8
_
25.8
25.3
25.2
41.7
41.1
41.6
41.1
11.5
11.0
17.4
11.5
17.3
17.6
17.6
125.4
126.0
165.7
125.1
165.0
164.4
164.2
_
36.8
36.5
36.6
52.4
52.0
52.6
51.9
16.5
16.7
16.8
24.1
24.7
23.8
24.6
97.0
100.1
99.8
172.8
177.5
172.6
177.3
9.7
10.0
9.9
14.5
15.0
14.5
15.1
12.5
13.0
13.0
21.6
23.2
21.9
23.3
15.4
15.7
15.7
25.7
25.7
25.6
25.6
162.3
163.3
163.8
254.1 254.4 253.6 254.0
16.9
16.7
16.8
29.9
29.3
29.5
29.3
_
30.6
31.2
31.1
38.8
38.9
39.2
39.2
_
15.3
15.7
15.5
26.1
26.7
26.0
26.4
23.1
23.8
23.1
35.4
35.6
35.0
34.7
12.1
12.2
12.1
17.3
17.2
17.3
17.3
14.7
14.7
20.9
14.8
20.9
21.0
21.1
127.8
125.1
124.5
355.6 356.5 362.5 364.6 368.2
59.9
55.8
55.9
195.3
199.7 200.4
194.7
56.5
204.4
140.2
338.2
22.1
270.5
56.4
205.9
141.7
338.7
22.3
270.8
56.0
208.5
142.8
341.8
22.7
272.5
55.8
210.4
144.1
343.0
22.7
273.6
_
-
21.3
146.3
106.0
252.6
17.6
207.2
21.1
147.6
107.4
252.1
17.6
206.9
1,651.2 1,647.8 1,641.9 1,641.2 1,640.3 1,056.9 1,053.2
_
81.3
57.0
56.9
81.6
83.0
82.6
29.3
29.3
38.9
38.6
40.8
40.7
27.7
27.6
42.7
42.7
42.2
41.9
112.1
111.8
158.7
156.8
156.2
158.5
76.2
61.6
61.3
78.5
76.6
78.5
59.2
35.3
35.5
59.4
59.4
59.3
_
95.4
117.7
96.0
119.3
118.8
119.5
_
24.7
24.8
29.7
30.5
30.1
29.4
16.1
13.5
12.9
15.5
16.6
16.0
21.3
26.3
21.5
28.1
25.5
28.3
-
22.5
149.6
108.4
255.1
17.9
208.2
Feb.
1997"
112.0
69.8
42.2
23.9
9.6
186.9
18.9
43.2
Mar.
1997'
-
1,321.2 1,328.0
53.8
14.1
39.7
77.0
54.1
147.4
54.5
9.6
28.8
23.2
19.9
247.4
26.1
11.2
126.6
36.7
16.8
96.9
9.8
12.2
15.4
162.6
17.1
30.7
15.3
24.0
12.2
14.6
128.7
60.2
22.1
151.4
109.7
256.0
17.8
209.0
-
1,040.4 1,047.0 1,044.4
55.3
55.2
27.6
27.3
27.7
27.9
109.4
109.0
59.9
59.3
34.4
34.6
93.8
93.2
24.1
24.5
13.2
12.7
19.2
20.2
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nec
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
1987
SIC
Code
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
Production workers^
All employees
Feb.
1996
176.6
21.5
62.7
16.7
19.4
82.2
54.0
262.4
112.8
613.8
24.6
255.1
142.4
155.6
26.3
71.0
Mar.
1996
175.1
21.3
62.4
16.7
19.4
81.9
53.7
262.0
112.9
612.8
24.4
256.6
141.4
155.0
26.1
70.8
Jan.
1997
175.4
21.4
61.9
17.0
19.2
80.8
54.7
263.1
111.8
611.6
24.2
257.3
141.6
153.8
26.9
70.7
Feb.
1997'
175.7
21.4
61.9
17.1
19.2
79.9
53.8
263.0
112.3
614.9
24.2
258.4
142.3
152.5
26.5
70.3
Mar.
1997"
-
617.0
-
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
Instmments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
830.4
152.9
285.4
42.4
63.8
70.1
265.2
101.6
94.0
35.9
83.7
7.3
831.6
152.0
286.3
42.2
64.1
70.7
266.8
101.8
94.4
35.6
83.8
7.1
830.0
151.2
287.7
41.6
63.9
72.0
266.2
102.3
92.0
34.9
83.0
7.0
829.9
150.9
288.0
41.2
63.9
72.2
266.2
101.9
92.5
34.6
83.2
7.0
830.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing Industries
Jewelry, sllvenware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
385.3
48.5
35.9
14.8
118.3
41.0
77.3
31.7
24.6
14.1
147.4
63.4
386.2
48.5
35.9
14.9
117.0
40.0
77.0
32.0
24.8
14.3
149.0
63.9
381.4
47.6
35.0
15.2
113.3
39.7
73.6
32.4
24.2
13.7
148.7
64.5
384.0
47.9
35.3
15.2
114.0
39.8
74.2
32.5
23.9
13.4
150.5
65.0
385.6
125.8
16.6
41.0
12.5
14.8
56.0
34.2
128.8
59.0
368.4
16.8
114.5
94.6
112.8
20.4
56.3
Mar.
1996
124.9
16.4
40.7
12.5
14.7
55.8
33.9
128.5
59.0
367.2
16.9
115.8
93.3
112.7
20.2
56.4
Jan.
1997
125.7
16.5
40.1
13.2
14.6
53.1
32.8
125.5
57.1
365.3
17.0
114.7
94.6
112.3
21.1
56.5
Feb.
1997"
126.3
16.6
40.4
13.2
14.6
52.4
31.9
125.8
57.0
374.0
17.3
120.7
95.5
111.1
20.5
56.3
Mar.
1997'
-
-
-
-
1,760.8 1,728.9 1,776.2 1,784.2 1,787.8 1,190.0 1,162.7 1,200.6 1,208.1 1,210.3
752.9
753.6
759.2
748.5
953.1
954.3
730.0
924.8
949.6
958.5
267.0
276.4
264.3
255.8
346.2 347.7
358.2 332.7
30.5
30.2
31.0
29.8
38.0
38.5
37.5
37.8
412.9
409.5 404.6 412.9
515.5
504.7
514.9
509.2
25.5
24.6
26.4
23.7
30.0
31.7
32.8
31.0
234.6
232.3
482.4 206.9 208.0
480.3
446.1
446.0 476.3
104.0
105.3
92.4
92.4
239.9 255.4 257.1
240.5
51.7
51.6
46.8
47.6
93.7
97.7
98.3
93.6
77.6
76.7
67.7
68.0
112.4
124.9
112.0
123.2
113.7
114.0
120.0
119.1
147.4
155.9
147.6
156.0
68.5
68.8
73.9
72.4
92.9
100.3
93.8
101.1
45.5
46.7
44.9
46.1
54.5
54.9
55.6
53.8
26.4
26.4
26.3
34.7
26.3
35.2
34.7
35.2
24.9
25.7
24.8
93.5
25.9
93.2
93.0
93.0
16.3
16.2
16.5
16.4
66.6
66.2
66.3
66.3
39.2
36.6
38.9
38.3
53.8
51.4
53.3
53.5
18.3
18.4
17.5
18.6
21.8
21.9
20.8
22.1
-
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nec
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nec
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
Feb.
1996
-
-
-
411.9
46.0
145.6
27.3
31.7
31.7
153.0
64.3
57.9
23.5
38.0
5.8
413.0
45.8
145.8
27.2
32.1
31.9
154.3
64.8
58.3
23.2
38.2
5.7
410.7
41.3
147.1
27.4
32.3
31.2
156.0
66.2
56.7
22.0
38.5
5.8
412.0
41.2
148.4
27.4
32.6
31.4
156.1
65.8
57.2
21.8
38.7
5.8
412.6
272.2
33.3
24.4
11.9
84.3
27.1
57.2
21.7
17.5
9.9
103.5
42.2
272.2
33.4
24.4
12.0
83.1
26.5
56.6
21.6
17.5
9.9
104.6
42.5
267.8
32.8
23.6
12.0
78.7
26.1
52.6
22.0
16.8
9.4
105.5
42.6
270.3
33.0
23.9
12.0
79.6
26.5
53.1
22.2
16.8
9.3
106.7
42.8
272.1
-
-
-
-
-
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nec
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products.
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
1987
SIC
Code
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nec
Knit outenwear mills
Knit undenvear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishina olants cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
??fi1
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outenwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nec ...'.
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
Production workers'
All employees
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997'
Mar.
1997"
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997'
Mar.
1997'
5,216 5,215 5,217
5,303
7,591
7,489 7,492 5,313
7,603
7,485
1,627.4 1,625.9 1,614.3 1,613.0 1,613.4 1,194.6 1,193.9 1,190.8 1,187.4 1,188.4
398.7 391.9 390.6
401.2
470.7 467.5 461.4 460.5
116.1
114.5
116.6
116.4
137.7
139.4
138.8
139.5
71.4
72.0
71.8
71.5
92.0
92.2
92.7
92.8
212.8 210.8 203.8 204.7
238.4 235.9
229.9 230.8
95.0
94.5
94.5
95.3
143.6
146.9
143.5
146.3
31.7
31.8
32.3
31.9
39.3
39.2
39.4
39.1
36.2
35.9
35.4
35.6
63.2
65.2
63.4
65.0
164.5
166.6
168.2
163.3
199.8
198.7
204.6 205.9
15.4
16.0
16.0
15.9
19.5
20.1
20.1
20.1
43.8
45.5
42.2
43.5
54.9
57.8
53.5
56.1
35.4
34.2
35.1
35.0
40.5
41.3
39.6
40.9
90.2
89.2
88.6
89.9
125.4
126.6
126.6
125.1
11.9
11.8
12.2
12.2
18.8
19.2
18.9
19.2
27.1
26.9
26.7
27.3
42.1
42.4
42.3
42.8
135.6
134.8
134.3
132.1
198.9
202.2 201.0 200.6
86.7
85.7
87.3
87.3
142.0
142.8
143.2
142.9
59.3
99.1
5.7
4.5
7.8
55.5
30.5
172.7
34.8
91.4
176.2
58.2
97.6
5.5
4.5
7.5
54.8
30.3
173.5
34.9
91.9
176.6
57.4
102.3
6.3
4.5
8.9
56.5
30.5
172.9
32.9
93.4
177.8
56.9
98.6
5.8
4.5
7.6
55.5
30.8
173.7
33.0
93.4
181.7
42.4
28.0
39.7
27.9
42.9
28.4
41.8
28.0
40.6
641.2
75.9
67.5
16.1
21.2
187.4
21.1
41.1
56.8
22.4
25.5
70.1
33.3
23.2
61.7
90.9
69.0
15.1
50.4
640.1
75.2
66.7
16.3
21.3
187.2
20.8
41.0
56.8
22.6
25.6
70.1
33.3
23.2
61.8
90.8
68.9
15.2
50.7
624.9
72.6
65.7
16.0
20.4
178.5
20.5
39.9
54.8
20.2
22.9
68.5
31.8
22.7
61.5
92.3
68.8
16.4
49.4
623.0
70.5
65.2
16.2
20.5
179.3
20.1
40.2
55.3
20.2
23.0
68.3
31.8
22.6
61.0
92.2
68.6
16.4
49.8
623.5
867.6
34.1
231.2
48.9
72.7
37.9
255.9
26.5
43.7
28.4
157.3
859.6
33.6
226.6
47.4
70.7
37.7
254.8
25.8
44.5
28.1
156.4
806.7
31.4
214.8
44.8
67.1
36.4
231.9
24.5
38.7
26.1
142.6
810.5
31.3
214.3
45.3
66.5
36.1
235.7
24.8
39.1
26.6
145.2
-
-
-
_
-
806.7
-
48.3
76.8
4.2
3.5
6.7
44.0
21.3
80.8
22.7
36.4
129.2
47.5
75.9
4.1
3.4
6.4
43.9
21.2
81.2
22.7
36.5
128.7
47.6
81.0
4.5
3.4
7.8
46.1
21.7
82.2
21.2
38.2
131.2
46.4
78.5
4.5
3.4
6.6
45.6
22.0
82.9
21.1
38.2
133.1
32.8
20.8
30.4
20.6
33.9
21.2
32.6
20.8
316
542.4
67.0
56.8
14.0
17.6
161.3
18.4
36.3
48.8
19.9
20.9
57.0
27.2
18.4
49.7
80.1
61.5
12.9
38.9
541.5
66.4
56.1
14.1
17.6
161.1
18.2
36.0
48.9
20.1
21.0
57.0
27.2
18.4
49.8
80.2
61.5
13.0
39.2
530.0
64.7
55.3
13.7
17.0
153.3
18.0
34.8
46.9
17.8
19.0
56.0
26.1
18.1
49.9
82.1
61.6
14.1
38.0
528.6
62.7
54.8
13.8
17.1
153.8
17.5
35.1
47.1
18.0
19.1
55.8
26.0
18.1
50.1
81.9
61.3
14.2
38.6
529.7
663.2
25.3
181.6
38.8
57.3
30.8
191.5
19.3
30.6
20.5
121.1
660.9
713.8
27.6
195.7
41.0
62.6
32.8
210.2
20.9
35.6
22.0
131.7
707.1
27.3
191.3
39.8
61.0
32.3
209.8
20.3
36.4
21.9
131.2
660.4
25.5
182.2
38.2
57.9
31.2
188.4
19.1
30.2
20.4
118.7
-
-
-
-
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's undemvear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outenwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nec
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Conrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nec
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
1987
SIC
Production workers'
All employees
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997'
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
41.9
30.8
11.1
39.7
16.2
35.3
210.5
19.0
54.8
56.2
41.4
30.3
11.1
38.1
14.9
35.9
210.1
18.8
54.8
55.6
38.6
28.4
10.2
33.0
12.8
33.2
205.7
18.3
54.7
53.3
37.7
27.8
9.9
32.8
12.7
33.7
206.7
18.4
54.0
54.2
26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
678.3
159.9
50.6
217.7
131.3
18.1
46.1
237.8
47.4
38.1
24.0
676.2
159.2
50.3
217.4
131.3
18.0
46.1
237.0
47.4
38.2
23.9
670.8
158.7
50.4
218.1
132.6
17.2
46.7
231.6
44.5
37.9
23.7
669.7
158.1
50.2
217.6
132.1
17.6
46.6
231.8
45.0
37.7
23.7
Mar.
1997'
-
_
-
668.7
-
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997'
Mar.
1997'
34.0
26.1
7.9
32.9
13.9
28.9
169.4
15.1
46.5
44.8
33.5
25.7
7.8
31.5
12.7
29.4
169.1
15.0
46.6
44.2
30.6
23.6
7.0
27.3
11.0
26.8
165.4
14.4
46.6
42.3
29.8
22.9
6.9
27.2
10.9
27.2
166.1
14.6
45.9
43.0
513.7
123.4
38.8
169.5
98.6
16.0
37.6
172.5
22.9
29.3
18.6
511.6
122.8
38.3
168.9
98.4
15.9
37.5
172.2
22.9
29.3
18.6
511.2
123.2
38.7
169.3
99.5
15.3
37.9
170.4
23.2
29.3
18.5
509.8
122.2
38.5
168.9
99.1
15.7
37.9
170.6
23.3
29.1
18.5
508.0
-
_
-
-
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279
1,528.3 1,530.6 1,520.8 1,521.1 1,523.9
440.1 439.4 439.8 440.2
130.1
130.1
129.9
129.7
121.2
121.5
123.8
124.8
82.6
85.4
82.3
84.6
39.4
38.9
38.9
39.2
84.2
83.7
83.8
84.2
557.2
558.6
560.6
562.7
362.9
365.6 367.2 362.1
174.8
175.7
174.7
174.8
44.7
44.5
44.4
44.2
65.2
66.5
66.9
67.3
51.1
51.5
53.3
53.2
-
835.5
150.3
41.8
66.7
35.4
31.3
41.1
402.2
261.3
125.2
30.7
51.6
37.3
838.5
149.9
41.9
67.3
35.6
31.7
41.0
404.3
262.8
125.3
30.5
52.2
37.3
827.1
148.1
43.3
64.2
33.5
30.7
39.0
397.4
257.5
123.8
31.2
51.3
35.3
826.0
146.9
43.6
64.6
33.7
30.9
38.9
398.0
257.2
124.9
31.2
49.9
35.0
828 3
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and Intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289
1,021.8 1,024.0 1,011.6 1,012.9 1,013.9
114.7
114.5
116.4
116.0
69.7
69.7
71.0
70.6
152.6
152.8
154.8
155.2
74.8
75.0
74.8
74.8
44.8
44.9
46.7
46.2
256.6
254.3
255.6
256.3
206.6 206.8 203.9 204.9
147.0
146.5
149.7
150.0
40.4
40.7
42.6
42.7
39.2
39.5
39.6
39.6
67.4
66.3
67.7
67.5
57.1
57.0
56.6
55.0
144.5
144.8
146.1
146.2
26.2
25.9
26.1
25.8
115.7
116.1
117.7
117.7
51.0
51.5
52.4
52.7
90.2
90.4
90.7
91.1
572.4
53.1
34.8
102.9
46.3
35.8
126.0
105.4
92.2
23.8
22.8
45.6
29.2
84.0
15.4
66.6
30.9
54.1
571.9
52.9
34.7
102.4
46.4
35.3
124.9
104.4
92.1
23.7
22.6
45.8
30.1
83.7
15.5
66.2
31.1
54.7
556.8 557.6
53.4
53.2
34.9
35.0
101.9
102.2
46.6
46.6
34.7
34.9
115.9
116.3
95.1
95.4
89.3
88.5
22.0
22.2
21.7
21.9
45.6
44.4
30.4
30.4
82.0
82.0
16.0
16.0
64.011 64.0
30.6
30.0
54.1
54.2
556.1
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
136.2
98.9
23.6
136.7
98.6
24.4
132.4
95.9
22.6
132.5
95.3
23.2
86.4
62.2
16.9
87.2
62.2
17.7
85.8
61.6
16.6
87.6
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nec
Miscellaneous plastics products, nec
30
301
302
305
3052
306
308
961.2
78.7
5.9
67.8
27.3
109.3
699.5
960.7
78.1
5.7
67.5
27.0
108.7
700.7•
967.8
76.6
5.4
68.4
27.4
109.7
707.7
972.5
974.5
76.5
5.4
68.7
27.5
110.9
711.01
744.7
56.7
4.7
51.8
21.2
83.6;
547.91
744.6
56.7
4.6
51.5
21.1
83.2
548.6
749.1 753.7
55.7
56.1
4.4
4.4
52.5
52.2
21.3
21.2
85.4
84.21
552.21 555.7
755.5
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Bool< publishing
Bool^ printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nec
Manifold business forms
Blankboolts and bookbinding
Printing trade services
See footnotes at end of table.
134.0
-
85.3
61.9
15.9
-
-
-
-
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic ....
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods.
1987
SIC
Code
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
Transportation and public utilities .
Transportation .
Production workers'
All employees
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
98.2
13.2
47.8
24.6
15.1
10.6
10.7
97.9
13.2
47.5
24.6
14.9
10.5
10.9
92.9
12.9
44.2
22.4
13.5
10.4
9.6
92.1
13.0
44.2
22.6
13.3
10.0
9.3
92.5
6,200
6,233
6,312
6,333
6,358
3,938
3,965
4,035
4,052
4,075
-
Railroad transportation
Class I railroads plus Amtrak®.
40
4011
230.7
204.7
230.9
204.9
224.6
199.6
223.8
198.9
223.8
Local and Interurban passenger transit.
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation ..
School buses
41
411
412
413
415
451.1
209.1
34.2
24.7
152.3
455.3
210.9
34.5
24.8
152.9
474.7
220.1
34.9
27.9
159.8
475.8
220.9
35.2
27.8
159.3
479.9
Truci<lng and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air.
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
-
-
44
444
449
163.5
13.5
112.8
165.8
13.6
114.9
167.8
13.9
117.9
168.7
13.9
118.8
169.9
Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services .
45
451
4512
458
824.0
659.9
500.5
115.1
830.6
664.1
503.5
116.3
874.3
696.5
526.3
123.8
879.1
700.5
529.9
125.1
884.2
Pipelines, except natural gas .
46
14.0
14.0
13.6
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement.
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
47
472
4724
473
429.2
208.0
165.4
177.3
432.3
208.5
165.6
179.0
2,262
2,268
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio .
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services
48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
49
491
492
493
495
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles .
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts ..
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
75.9
10.7
38.3
19.3
12.2
7.8
7.0
71.1
10.4
35.4
17.4
10.9
7.8
5.8
70.6
10.6
35.5
17.6
10.7
7.3
5.5
71.0
5,206
5,233
5,309
5,330
5,348
-
-
415.8
190.4
-
22.5
-
99.5
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
420.0
192.2
-
22.5
-
434.6
199.2
-
25.4
-
-
Mar.
1997"
76.3
10.8
38.5
19.1
12.4
7.9
6.8
436.1
200.0
-
25.2
-
1,825.5 1,835.9 1,832.0 1,838.3 1,846.9 1,587.2 1,593.6 1,589.9 1,596.3
_ 1,463.2 1,470.3 1,461.6 1,467.7
1,677.2 1,688.4 1,678.2 1,683.8
125.0
119.3
124.4
150.5
120.0
142.9
149.5
143.8
-
Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nec .
Water transportation services
Communications and public utilities .
Feb.
1996
1012
104.1
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
105.1
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13.6
13.6
11.3
11.3
11.1
11.0
447.7
211.9
168.1
186.3
452.6
215.1
170.3
188.1
457.0
343.2
171.2
136.2
136.3
346.9
172.3
136.9
137.6
361.2
176.2
140.1
144.3
366.0
179.1
142.1
146.1
2,277
2,281
2,283
_
-
-
-
-
-
1,364.4 1,371.8 1,397.3 1,403.8 1,407.5 1,067.4 1,075.1 1,093.3 1,101.4
715.4
727.0 734.5
937.1 951.1 956.0
709.9
932.1
629.1
621.9 625.8 623.7
819.0 822.4 819.7 823.4
205.9
205.3
201.9 202.3
239.9 240.9 246.8 247.6
117.6
114.3
116.9
114.4
130.0
126.6
129.9
125.5
145.4
150.2
179.7
149.8
178.6
143.5
171.8
170.1
-
-
-
_
-
-
_
-
_
709.1
305.8
116.2
125.5
136.3
706.8
304.8
115.4
125.6
135.4
698.4
301.7
112.2
123.9
134.3
695.7
300.4
111.8
123.1
134.1
6,664
5,219
5,252
5,331
5,344
5,370
3,906
3,042
403.9
3,060
407.0
3,094
410.8
3,098
411.8
_
897.5
389.0
149.1
162.7
164.1
896.5
388.0
147.9
162.8
165.0
879.4
379.1
144.4
159.9
162.5
877.5
378.6
143.9
159.3
162.1
875.2
6,470
6,504
6,609
6,630
3,804
495.3
133.0
287.5
156.2
72.6
83.6
3,826
498.1
133.8
289.4
156.5
72.7
83.8
3,879
503.7
138.1
290.4
165.0
77.5
87.5
3,891
504.4
139.2
290.2
166.2
78.1
88.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
125.1
124.8
131.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
132.5
-
-
(In thousands)
Industry
Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nec
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Constmction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nec
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers'
All employees
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Mar.
1997"
Feb.
1997"
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Mar.
1996
Feb.
1997"
1
i
1
503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093
239.0
123.1
38.2
851.9
202.7
315.4
186.0
145.3
498.9
214.9
48.8
235.2
287.7
101.2
113.9
794.3
83.4
117.3
321.7
151.5
335.1
132.3
240.9
123.0
38.7
858.4
204.2
316.5
188.9
145.9
499.8
215.6
48.8
235.4
287.9
101.3
114.0
800.4
84.4
119.5
323.9
152.0
338.1
133.2
246.5
125.6
39.8
870.5
209.2
324.6
189.8
149.4
505.5
222.0
46.5
237.0
297.8
103.6
117.5
810.8
86.8
118.5
331.1
151.7
330.1
130.4
247.3
125.9
39.7
872.2
210.3
325.2
189.4
149.5
508.0
223.2
46.8
238.0
297.7
103.3
117.7
815.3
87.5
119.5
332.8
152.1
330.0
130.4
51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191
2,666
266.6
153.1
201.7
221.4
887.5
277.1
61.6
104.4
106.8
144.3
160.7
65.2
95.5
152.2
98.9
53.3
525.0
156.8
2,678
267.5
153.9
202.4
221.7
887.6
276.9
61.5
103.8
106.5
144.0
161.0
65.0
96.0
152.4
99.0
53.4
535.2
164.3
2,730
269.8
156.7
212.2
232.0
907.3
276.5
61.8
112.9
103.6
143.3
163.7
65.7
98.0
156.0
101.0
55.0
542.3
165.5
2,739
271.3
157.3
214.9
234.1
905.5
276.6
61.7
113.1
103.4
142.7
164.9
67.0
97.9
155.5
101.1
54.4
546.3
167.7
196.1
-
832.9
496.7
65.7
158.0
76.5
856.0
505.7
66.1
159.5
88.2
892.1
534.6
69.5
167.9
80.6
893.2
533.6
69.7
165.8
84.0
202.5
197.3
202.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
673.4
-
-
-
153.5
117.4
388.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
231.9
-
687.9
680.0
-
-
-
-
154.7
120.6
381.1
156.0
118.1
388.2
" 1
-
-
1
-
-
242.6
231.6
686.5
-
-
153.9
120.5
382.3
-
-
242.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
648.7
639.2
651.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,758
-
271.5
-
2.177
221.0
-
167.1
176.2
743.4
268.6
273.9
-
-
2,237
227.4
2,192
221.8
-
-
176.7
186.2
760.9
168.2
176.3
745.4
268.1
-
2,246
228.8
-
179.0
188.7
760.6
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
85.9
107.2
132.6
-
123.3
-
-
83.0
105.0
134.8
85.9
106.8
133.0
-
-
-
-
123.4
125.6
82.5
104.4
136.0
-
125.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
917.0
420.7
437.8
431.2
440.7
-
-
~
18,265
18,361
18,901
18,772
685.4
416.3
50.4
129.4
60.2
709.1
425.8
50.8
131.0
71.5
734.7
449.1
53.6
138.0
63.2
736.3
448.0
54.1
136.0
66.7
52
521
523
525
526
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores
53
531
533
539
2,577.5 2,579.0 2,764.2 2,657.6 2,658.1 2,393.0 2,395.7 2,576.5 2,467.7
2,269.9 2,272.4 2,438.9 2,349.1 2,352.2 2,127.7 2,131.2 2,296.1 2,203.8
110.5
104.4
108.0
107.4
125.2
124.7
129.2
122.9
157.1
169.9
159.5
167.3
196.1
185.6
182.4
181.9
-
54
541
542
545
546
3,362.3 3,356.7 3,447.9 3,432.1 3,435.6 3,049.9 3,046.2 3,126.4 3,110.7
2,730.1 2,726.0 2,763.0 2,746.4
2,985.9 2,980.1 3,022.4 3,004.5
47.4
49.0
45.5
45.6
9.7
8.8
8.6
12.5
177.0
165.5
178.6
167.3
189.2
190.8 201.6 204.3
-
55
551
2,203.8 2,222.4 2,286.8 2,291.3 2,305.7 1,835.3 1,851.1 1,910.2 1,914.8
1,009.2 1,016.6 1,040.8 1,044.4 1,047.9 843.0 849.4 871.4 874.4
-
-
633.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
N^w and vised car dealers
-
-
20,822 20,912 21,521 21,390 21,504
Retail trade
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries
Mar.
1997"
-
J
-
18,873
-
-
-
-
-
(In thousands)
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nec
1987
SIC
Code
553
554
559
Production workers'
All employees
Feb.
Mar.
1996
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
296.6
557.8
7.5
300.2
559.1
7.4
323.7
574.0
7.7
323.0
574.4
7.9
1,067.3 1,068.8 1,108.2 1,070.2 1,068.9
76.9
80.3
80.3
79.8
315.4
323.0
324.9
324.8
291.0
310.7
293.1
294.6
206.3
210.0
196.0
198.9
869.9
63.6
264.4
252.4
151.7
871.2
63.2
264.6
251.0
154.3
913.2
64.5
268.5
267.8
165.0
878.4
944.5 1.022.3 1,012.6 1,008.9
536.7
539.8
487.3
322.6
322.1
292.7
70.9
71.9
74.4
410.6
405.0
382.8
189.3
185.1
171.1
76.5
75.2
77.0
765.3
393.2
766.1
393.4
838.4
438.9
829.2
435.9
60.8
311.3
142.0
58.8
60.4
312.3
142.2
59.1
58.6
340.9
159.4
61.6
57.3
336.0
155.0
61.2
373.5
647.1
9.0
377.2
649.5
9.0
402.3
665.6
9.2
402.5
664.8
9.4
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores.
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores ....
Radio, television, and electronic stores .
Record and prerecorded tape stores
57
571
5712
572
573
5731
5735
Eating and drinl^ing places .
58
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores.
Sporting goods and bicycle shops ....
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needleworl^, and piece goods .
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nec.
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands .
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nec
2,639.5 2,611.6 2,768.7 2,737.9 2,712.1 2,200.0 2.171.6 2,308.8 2.278.6
59
511.2
515.2
503.8
505.9
619.3
622.8
604.5
606.7
591
115.4
113.4
111.1
110.9
592
97.2
88.5
94.5
87.7
116.9
113.7
105.5
104.3
593
787.7
831.4
749.5
757.7
943.1
988.3
903.4
911.2
594
176.5
184.5
171.1
171.8
5941
124.7
132.9
118.7
122.5
5942
88.0
87.7
85.1
85.2
5943
145.4
138.7
131.8
131.8
5944
199.2
204.0
199.9
199.8
5947
52.9
55.1
55.7
55.9
5949
279.4
270.8
287.3
271.6
339.4
321.0
330.6
320.0
596
209.1
219.1
195.8
196.3
5961
66.7
66.5
69.7
69.8
5962
89.1
85.8
89.9
86.8
107.9
107.2
104.0
103.0
598
421.5
382.6
395.8
399.6
481.2
507.4
481.4
464.1
599
147.0
170.7
163.3
144.2
5992,3,4
58.5
56.9
53.4
53.6
70.0
68.3
64.9
64.8
5995
214.6
213.3
203.3
205.0
266.7
265.9
255.0
253.3
5999
Finance, Insurance, and real estate^ .
Finance
944.1
487.3
291.7
75.0
381.8
170.7
77.5
61.1
262.3
250.4
160.8
7.194.2 7,272.8 7.230.4 7,295.0 7,397.3 6,465.9 6.549.5 6,492.9 6.556.5
6,863
6,893
7,012
7,017
7,054
3,278
3,287
3,372
3,374
3,392
4,994
5,018
5,103
5,111
2,015.7 2,013.4 2,034.2 2,029.7 2.034.8 1,445.2 1,443.6 1,463.0 1,460.2
1.460.3 1,458.4 1.481.5 1,477.5 1.482.9 1,031.7 1,030.5 1,050.6 1,048.7
431.6
419.9
421.7
432.6
604.7
603.7
589.8
587.7
617.1
611.8
608.8
618.0
876.8
873.8
872.6
868.6
251.8
254.8
253.3
266.2
265.2
140.0
139.4
145.0
144.3
114.8
113.9
121.2
120.9
131.7
165.8
131.6
127.2
166.2
126.8
159.6
160.2
Depository institutions .
Commercial banks ....
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nec .
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions
60
602
6022
6021,9
603
6035
6036
606
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers .
61
614
615
616
495.8
150.4
99.6
222.9
502.4
152.3
100.9
226.3
535.5
159.8
108.4
242.6
534.9
158.1
109.0
243.0
542.4
Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exchanges
Security and commodity services
62
621
528.7
402.7
530.4
403.6
557.2
424.4
561.3
427.2
565.5
622,3
628
24.2
101.8
24.4
102.4
24.8
108.0
25.0
109.1
Holding and other investment offices .
Holding offices
67
671
237.8
109.0
240.5
109.5
245.2
114.2
248.2
115.0
Mar.
1997"
360.1
108.9
365.8
110.0
382.6
112.5
360.8
110.8
66.3
66.7
70.6
71.5
247.5
249.5
5,135
(In thousands)
Industry
Finance, Insurance, and real estate—Continued
Insurance
1987
SIC
63,64
Insurance carriers .
Life Insurance
Medical sen/Ice and health Insurance.
Hospital and medical service plans ..
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ..
Title Insurance
63
631
632
6324
633
636
Insurance agents, brokers, and serolce.
64
Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdivlders and developers
65
651
653
655
Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services ....
07
074
078
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels
70
701
Business services .
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services .
Photocopying and duplicating services
Sen/Ices to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nec .
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental...
Heavy construction equipment rental.
Equipment rental and leasing, nec
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services .
Computer programming services
Prepacltaged software....
Computer Integrated systems design .
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services.
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photoflnlshing laboratories
Auto repair, services, and parl<ing
Automotive rentals, without drivers ...
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops.
Automotive and tire repair shops .
General automotive repair shops
Feb.
1996
2,250
Mar.
1996
2,257
Jan.
1997
2,258
Feb.
1997"
2,257
Mar.
1997"
2,261
Feb.
1996
-
Mar.
1996
-
Jan.
1997
-
Feb.
1997"
-
-
1,544.1 1,549.0 1,546.5 1,544.1 1,545.1 1,103.1 1,104.5 1,106.6 1,107.8
354.5
539.9 536.9
374.7 372.3
357.5
563.9 562.6
263.1
264.8
276.9 277.6
318.8 321.7 336.8 338.7
215.3 216.9
228.9 229.4
276.6
257.5 260.2 275.3
359.3 361.8 365.8
531.0
358.7
531.1
530.0
531.5
71.7
70.9
69.4
68.1
705.7
1,335
567.6
634.5
103.0
708.0
1,349
571.7
641.0
105.4
711.2
1,382
584.6
659.5
105.5
713.3
1,386
584.0
664.5
106.1
715.5
Mar.
1997"
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1,401
33,510 33,849 34,249 34,636 35,007 29,286 29,595 29,844 30,208 30,541
Services
Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services.
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services
Production wori<ers'
All employees
. 72
721
722
. 723
726
, 729
73
. 731
. 7311
732
733
. 7334
734
7342
. 7349
. 735
7352
. 7353
7359
. 736
. 7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
, 7384
.. 75
751
.. 7514
752
753
7532,4
.. 7538
507.5
165.4
297.0
540.2
166.3
328.9
529.8
172.2
310.7
533.3
173.2
313.4
567.2
-
416.2
137.8
241.7
446.1
138.7
270.7
436.3
144.7
253.0
439.8
145.5
256.0
_
_
_
_
1,570.6 1,598.1 1,599.3 1,623.2 1,643.0
1,336.2 1,361.1 1,358.9 1,381.8
1,525.9 1,551.1 1,551.9 1,574.5
1,246.2 1,238.1 1,235.1 1,253.8 1,248.0
431.0 431.2 433.9 431.3
76.5
76.8
72.2
70.9
399.8 401.4
393.7 394.5
95.4
96.5
92.4
91.5
242.1 231.3 213.3 231.6
6,875.1
246.9
166.7
120.1
292.2
74.1
887.7
81.1
806.6
220.0
38.5
40.9
140.6
2,437.0
289.1
2,147.9
1,148.8
258.6
197.5
134.0
236.1
62.2
49.5
1,522.4
552.8
48.1
69.5
6,944.1
248.7
168.4
120.8
294.7
75.1
892.0
83.0
809.0
222.2
38.8
42.1
141.3
2,481.1
293.1
2,188.0
1,158.6
260.2
198.6
134.7
237.2
63.3
50.7
1,526.0
551.9
48.5
69.6
7,195.4
256.6
174.9
121.3
312.1
78.0
867.7
81.5
786.2
225.7
40.0
43.1
142.6
2,580.6
300.9
2,279.7
1,278.2
290.8
219.5
150.1
256.9
70.0
53.0
1,553.2
541.8
51.2
68.7
7,224.0
257.6
175.7
122.1
314.3
79.2
872.4
81.2
791.2
227.3
40.7
43.6
143.0
2,571.6
313.1
2,258.5
1,291.0
293.0
222.2
152.0
258.6
70.5
54.0
1,567.7
545.1
51.7
67.6
.
_
_
_
379.2
379.7
381.2
378.5
-
-
351.5
-
352.6
-
214.9
203.8
-
357.6
-
187.5
-
359.2
-
204.6
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
7,337.9 6,112.7 6,171.3 6,371.4 6,392.3
186.4
182.3
180.9
186.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
874.3
-
61.8
796.2
63.9
732.3
176.2
30.5
34.9
110.8
62.6
799.4
65.5
733.9
177.7
30.7
35.8
111.2
65.9
776.5
65.0
711.5
179.9
31.6
36.1
112.2
67.3
778.7
64.5
714.2
181.2
32.1
36.5
112.6
-
2,655.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,332.2 2,087.2 2,126.1 2,211.3 2,188.2
1,306.8 922.7 929.3 1,019.3 1,029.5
217.6 218.8 246.6 248.1
-
1,052.4 1,064.9 1,119.2 1,133.8 1,145.7
192.1 204.6 206.4
188.6
122.7
133.2
134.8
119.7
64.2
64.5
64.1
64.2
580.2 587.1 634.2 637.7
229.1
208.8 209.9 228.3
262.4
260,7
241.0
237.6
-
-
98.3
-
-
98.1
-
-
106.1
-
-
107.4
-
51.3
48.0
47.1
50.9
38.9
39.4
37.7
39.1
1,335.7 1,335.4 1,354.2 1,368.9
503.7
514.0 512.3
500.2
43.9
41.1
43.4
40.8
-
867.7
154.4
99.9
56.5
468.5
172.4
190.6i
-
879.2
157.8
102.9
56.1
475.1
173.4
194.4
-
917.1
167.1
111.2
56.3
509.1
187.2
209.1
-
932.5
169.3
112.8
56.7
512.2
187.4
210.9
-
-
(In thousands)
Industry
Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Autonnotlve sen^lces, except repair
Canwashes
1987
SIC
Code
Production workers'
All employees
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
754
7542
219.4
126.4
221.6
127.4
216.2
119.6
225.2
128.7
Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops
76
762
354.6
108.0
358.7
109.3
363.8
113.9
364.2
113.9
367.6
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental
78
781
783
784
512.3
230.7
112.7
148.2
524.9
239.3
113.9
150.8
532.2
243.6
112.4
155.1
534.5
246.6
112.2
154.8
537.3
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation sen/ices
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
80
Health services
801
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
802
Offices and clinics of dentists
804
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists ... 8041,2
805
Nursing and personal care facilities
8051
Skilled nursing care facilities
8052
Intermediate care facilities
8059
Nursing and personal care, nec
806
Hospitals
8062
General medical and surgical hospitals
8063
Psychiatric hospitals
8069
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
807
Medical and dental laboratories
808
Home health care sen/Ices
Legal services
Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools
81
82
821
822
824
-
-
-
-
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
188.3
111.9
190.2
112.6
184.6
105.1
194.3
114.2
289.0
292.5
296.2
297.0
-
-
427.8
194.6
-
120.7
-
-
439.5
201.9
-
123.4
442.4
200.5
-
443.6
203.2
9,484.8
1,646.4
618.9
441.8
171.0
1,723.9
1,273.9
218.2
231.8
3,837.5
3,536.8
89.9
210.8
203.6
652.1
9,679.4
1,702.0
641.2
449.3
174.4
1,757.3
1,300.6
220.3
236.4
3,874.5
3,575.4
87.9
211.2
219.9
665.5
9,694.6
1,708.3
639.8
449.9
174.5
1,759.1
1,302.6
220.5
236.0
3,882.3
3,580.3
88.8
213.2
222.0
662.3
921.8
924.1
940.8
944.2
9,733.6 8,367.0 8,406.3 8,569.3 8,580.7
1,709.9 1,340.0 1,346.5 1,392.3 1,397.5
539.4
542.9 561.6 560.1
373.3
360.2 366.2 372.8
-
-
-
-
-
1,763.9 1,546.1 1,552.6 1,579.7 1,582.0
-
-
195.3
-
-
196.6
-
-
198.4
-
-
198.6
-
3,897.0 3,503.0 3,512.3 3,547.6 3,554.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
667.0
600.1
603.8
614.2
609.3
950.7
736.5
738.3
749.9
753.9
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
'
-
2,092.0 2,108.8
563.7
558.9
258.9 261.0
522.8
516.3
586.8
584.7
174.5
173.2
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
84
Membership organizations
Buslnpss
associations
DU3II1693 aoowiCIUiJI
lO .........................................................
Professional organizations
L^bor organizations
Civic and social associations
86
R61
862
863
864
2,115.2 2,122.1 2,117.6 2,131.7 2,142.1
_
106.6
103.1
103.7
106.4
57.8
59.5
60.0
57.1
135.4
136.9
128.9
127.2
414.1 417.7 425.2 439.1
-
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering sen/Ices
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
2,847.0 2,878.0 2,932.3 2,969.0 2,991.7 2,182.8 2,211.1 2,235.3 2,267 0
812.7 819.9 852.1
853.9 861.5 667.5 674.0 697.8 698.1
524.3
529.2
541.5 542.6
632.4 637.4 654.9 657.0
110.0
100.5
101.4
110.0
128.5
129.9
140.8
141.0
45.5
42.7
43.4
46.3
52.6
56.4
55.9
51.8
428.5 430.8 419.8 439.4
590.7
592.8 591.1 610.1
-
-
2,372.1 2,390.0 2,412.1 2,432.1 2,450.5 2,055.4 2,072.2
548.7
554.1
633.6 638.6 644.6 650.1
259.2
260.8
303.0 304.5 302.4 304.9
596.6 510.8 516.2
592.0
578.2 583.6 584.7
564.9
567.4
651.2 654.6 674.4 677.1 682.4
171.8
173.7
206.1 208.5 206.0 208.0
78.8
-
-
83
832
833
835
836
839
78.9
-
-
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nec
77.9
-
-
2,101.8 2,116.0 1,979.5 2,147.0 2,173.4
589.2
586.6
588.6 582.3
1,271.9 1,281.0 1,150.3 1,295.9
84.7
85.3
89.2
83.6
-
75.5
-
-
124.5
1,326.3 1,395.7 1,340.0 1,378.8 1,443.0 1,148.4 1,212.2 1,154.0 1,190.9
76.1
77.3
81.4
81.6
90.5
84.5
85.7
90.7
827.9 879.5 837.7 866.8
955.9 1,013.3 972.9 1,001.0
152.6
145.9
148.9
168.4
148.5
165.6
171.6
162.7
221.8
237.8 235.8 241.5
260.9 278.8 277.9 283.6
9,440.6
1,639.1
614.6
434.6
167.8
1,716.8
1,268.1
217.0
231.7
3,827.8
3,528.4
89.2
210.2
201.0
647.9
-
-
-
125.8
Mar.
1997"
81.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
41.0
_
41.3
_
42.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
43.0
-
-
-
(In thousands)
Production workers'
All employees
Industry
Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
SIC
Code
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997'
569.1
220.0
122.3
131.7
874.5
311.1
302.9
36.5
574.2
222.6
122.6
133.9
891.1
315.2
306.7
36.4
560.7
209.4
125.7
131.8
928.4
330.2
325.3
37.8
563.4
208.7
125.0
135.4
941.6
336.5
328.1
38.9
44.0
44.7
46.2
46.2
46.7
19,675 19,809 19,471
19,863
19,987
2,770
2,703
2,698
2,701
Executive, by agency*
Department of Defense
Postal Service'
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
2,707.6 2,708.9
749.5 748.2
854.4
852.1
1,106.0 1,106.3
32.3
32.3
28.4
28.3
2,642.9
708.3
865.6
1,069.0
30.7
29.1
Federal Government, except Postal Service
1,916.1 1,915.2 1,837.1 1,846.9 1,848.5
Services, nec
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
89
Government
2,768
Federal Government*
Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Sen/ice
Services
Hospitals
-
-
948.7
-
-
438.9
158.3
100.6
101.9
647.9
224.5
227.3
23.8
443.5
160.4
101.0
103.8
662.8
228.1
230.1
23.7
426.3
144.9
103.0
102.3
691.4
241.7
243.6
24.6
428.6
144.0
102.8
105.3
700.9
246.6
245.4
25.0
35.0
35.5
36.7
36.6
Mar.
19971"
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
58.5
27.9
50.8
23.7
50.5
23.7
806
20.0
371.4
230.7
19.9
370.4
230.0
18.7
355.8
219.2
18.6
354.8
218.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4,740 4,773 4,582 4,757 4,788
376.9
389.7
376.8
390.3
2,066.5 2,098.8 1,927.5 2,095.8 2,124.5
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
12,167 12,266 12,186 12,408 12,498
447.1 446.9
449.8 449.7
683.9 686.1 700.4 701.1
6,993.7 7,058.6 6,960.5 7,168.7 7,233.3
Feb.
1997"
-
59.2
28.4
1,798.3 1,799.6 1,797.2 1,802.8
2,673.4 2,674.4 2,654.0 2,660.9 2,663.4
3,610.4 3,636.8 3,629.2 3,637.5
5,173.3 5,207.8 5,225.3 5,239.0 5,264.6
' Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupetvisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
' Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7
million or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
' Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
" Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to
civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
Jan.
1997
-
State government
806
Hospitals
82
Education
General administration, including executive, legislative.
and judicial functions
State government, except education
General administration, including executive, legislative.
and judicial functions
Local government, except education
Mar.
1996
-
3731
806
82
Feb.
1996
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
•
•
the National Security Agency.
® Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
" = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 fonward are subject to
revision.
(In thousands)
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1996
Nov.
1996
Dec.
1996
Jan.
1997
57,867
56,521
59,172
59,296
58,049
Total private
46,952
45,851
48,016
48,203
47,187
Goods-producing
6,598
6,510
6,595
6,567
6,501
79
78
77
76
76
583
577
619
614
603
5,936
5,855
5,899
5,877
5,822
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
2,820
129
158
102
100
317
451
689
358
343
174
2,802
126
157
101
100
317
452
686
354
341
169
2,836
134
158
102
101
325
453
683
366
340
174
2,835
134
158
101
101
324
456
682
368
340
171
2,823
132
158
100
101
322
459
678
367
340
168
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3,116
545
13
303
662
163
695
324
24
329
56
3,053
525
13
296
644
163
686
323
24
326
54
3,063
547
14
296
623
163
692
321
24
332
51
3,042
538
14
294
613
163
692
320
24
332
51
2,999
524
14
292
602
161
684
320
24
330
50
51,269
50,011
52,577
52,729
51,548
Transportation and public utilities
1,881
1,864
1,939
1,933
1,917
Wholesale trade
2,017
1,995
2,076
2,076
2,054
11,662
11,015
11,797
12,010
11,343
4,338
4,324
4,426
4,441
4,425
Services
20,456
20,143
21,183
21,176
20,947
Federal
State
Local
10,915
1,182
2,396
7,337
10,670
1,160
2,308
7,202
11,156
1,152
2,428
7,576
11,093
1,174
2,399
7,520
10,862
1,143
2,330
7,389
Industry
Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing
Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 fonward are subject to
revision.
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
state and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
1,800.3
443.9
165.1
209.4
151.5
74.0
1,822.9
448.1
167.6
214.7
155.6
74.7
1,828.9
449.6
167.4
215.8
156.9
75.5
248.9
116.0
245.3
116.7
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
1,866.9
1,286.1
306.1
Arkansas
Fayettevilie-Sprlngdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rook-North Little Rook
Pine Bluff
Alabama
Birmingham
Hunlsvlile
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1996
Feb.
1997P
2.8
2.7
251.1
117.3
9.8
2.6
9.1
2.4
9.2
2.5
9.2
4.7
9.4
5.0
9.5
4.8
1,922.9
1,338.8
309.0
1,958.7
1,365.7
314.2
14.0
6.6
2.3
14.6
7.2
2.4
14.6
7.5
2.4
122.5
88.5
18.7
124.4
90.0
17.9
125.6
90.5
18.2
1,065.3
131.7
91.5
292.2
35.5
1,075.1
134.8
93.0
296.5
35.3
1,082.6
136.7
93.8
297.5
35.6
3.4
42.8
5.5
3.4
13.2
.9
44.3
5.7
3.6
13.9
1.0
45.3
5.9
3.8
14.1
1.0
12,540.9
171.7
263.6
3,743.0
122.8
902.4
1,168.2
796.5
594.5
110.6
989.2
930.9
860.7
143.8
152.8
157.4
140.5
236.3
12,822.3
176.9
266.0
3,810.0
126.9
915.3
1,189.4
818.7
613.9
112.2
1,000.0
960.4
889.6
146.4
158.4
161.2
142.7
241.9
12,920.7
177.6
267.8
3,836.3
127.3
922.6
1,198.9
824.5
616.7
114.2
1,005.9
964.9
895.3
147.7
159.1
161.3
143.7
242.6
473.5
7.9
12.3
105.4
5.6
43.2
49.1
42.7
26.8
3.9
42.6
28.2
30.3
5.5
7.4
5.8
7.6
10.1
510.7
8.1
12.4
105.1
5.5
45.6
50.4
45.1
29.4
4.0
44.9
31.9
34.8
6.0
8.3
7.2
8.0
10.2
519.9
8.5
12.3
105.8
5.5
46.6
52.2
45.6
29.6
4.1
45.7
32.5
34.7
6.3
8.2
7.1
7.9
10.7
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
1,855.9
147.6
200.7
983.7
1,905.4
151.7
207.6
1,001.3
1,926.8
154.2
209.7
1,011.8
99.3
5.5
10.7
52.4
105.4
5.7
11.2
54.5
108.4
5.6
11.8
56.8
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
1,547.2
175.7
82.1
579.0
238.3
127.9
189.5
81.1
1,570.3
177.6
84.0
578.5
241.9
132.4
194.6
83.1
1,577.3
178.1
83.3
583.0
243.7
132.2
194.5
83.3
Delaware
Dover
Wllmlngton-Newark
364.0
50.2
282.8
373.8
52.3
289.1
375.6
51.9
290.7
.1
.1
.2
District ot Columbia
Washington PMSA
626.6
2,379.9
608.6
2,406.8
616.7
2,421.4
.1
.8
Rorlda
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Tltusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Cleararater
West Palm Beaoh-Boca Raton
6,127.7
149.2
600.7
149.0
109.9
489.0
165.1
168.6
934.5
733.0
144.9
221.7
144.1
1,014.0
415.7
6,286.8
150.1
619.2
152.4
111.1
503.6
170.2
170.3
950.6
768.9
148.2
232.7
147.0
1,035.0
428.6
6,347.9
152.7
623.8
153.5
111.8
506.9
171.1
171.4
954.4
777.5
149.8
235.0
148.2
1,047.0
433.9
California
Baksrsfleld
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Marla-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-LodI
Vallejo-Falrfleld-Napa
Ventura
10.4
3.3
Jan.
1997
2.7
(M
(M
(M
10.5
3.3
Feb.
1996
87.4
23.8
5.3
15.5
8.2
4.6
Alaska
Anchorage
10.6
3.3
Feb.
1997P
(M
(')
(M
(M
3.4
(M
3.4
(M
(M
.8
.8
.9
(M
(')
(')
(M
29.3
10.6
.6
5.6
29.0
10.8
.5
5.9
29.1
10.9
.5
5.9
2.1
.9
1.2
.2
.1
.3
.6
.1
1.1
.5
.1
.5
1.9
2.1
.8
1.1
.2
.1
.3
.6
.1
1.1
.4
.1
.5
1.5
2.1
.8
1.1
.2
.1
.3
.6
.1
1.1
.4
.1
.5
1.4
13.6
'1'
13.2
'1'
(M
13.2
(M
93.9
25.7
5.7
16.0
8.9
5.3
94.8
25.9
5.6
16.0
9.0
5.3
6.9
6.5
6.4
.6
.7
.7
42.6
4.5
2.6
15.3
7.2
3.3
4.4
2.4
46.3
4.6
2.9
17.0
8.0
3.6
4.9
2.7
46.2
4.5
2.7
16.9
8.0
3.5
4.8
2.7
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
17.4
2.0
12.6
20.0
2.2
15.2
19.7
2.2
15.1
.1
.8
.1
.8
8.3
106.1
8.2
113.7
8.7
114.7
7.0
7.0
.1
.1
319.2
7.3
33.3
11.8
4.3
26.6
8.2
9.3
36.2
38.6
10.9
12.2
5.7
46.3
24.1
322.6
7.4
33.7
12.1
4.1
26.5
8.6
8.8
32.7
40.6
10.7
12.8
6.1
48.3
24.8
326.1
7.3
34.6
12.0
4.1
26.8
8.6
8.8
32.9
41.3
10.6
12.8
6.2
48.9
25.0
( '
( )
( >
(M
(M
(')
(M
(')
(M
0)
0)
'J'
(M
(2)
(=)
6.9
(2)
(')
(M
(2)
.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
3.4
(2)
(')
(')
3.2
3.2
(2)
.4
.4
'V
.4
(=)
(2)
(2)
.4
.4
.4
(2)
Manufacturing
Wholesale and retail trade
Transportation and
public utilities
State and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
384.3
52.4
38.4
26.9
17.9
10.7
381.0
51.5
38.4
27.3
17.7
10.5
380.3
51.7
38.3
27.1
17.7
10.6
89.7
30.2
3.5
13.0
6.1
2.4
89.3
29.6
3.4
12.9
6.3
2.5
89.6
29.6
3.4
13.1
6.3
2.5
407.0
107.0
3Z.4
54.8
35.0
16.9
417.0
109.8
33.3
57.0
37.1
17.2
415.5
108.6
33.2
57.0
37.0
17.0
15.4
1.8
11.4
1.8
14.8
1.8
21.1
11.5
21.0
11.3
21.3
11.3
50.2
28.4
51.1
28.8
50.5
28.6
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
197.5
153.0
27.7
200.8
153.9
29.0
201.8
154.6
29.1
89.4
63.5
13.7
94.4
68.1
12.4
94.7
68.4
12.4
459.0
319.1
67.3
474.5
332.7
67.4
476.9
335.5
67.6
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
253.7
34.2
27.3
34.4
7.7
250.7
33.8
27.6
33.0
8.3
251.3
33.9
27.6
33.0
8.1
64.2
9.4
6.2
20.4
1.9
64.5
9.4
5.9
20.8
1.8
64.4
9.5
5.8
20.8
1.8
237.7
35.2
19.0
67.0
7.3
243.8
37.1
19.1
68.8
7.2
243.5
37.1
19.3
68.2
7.2
1,814.0
9.5
27.7
637.8
23.9
111.3
208.5
97.5
42.4
8.8
115.4
74.4
242.4
16.1
22.3
21.7
15.8
30.0
1,850.8
9.8
29.3
649.7
25.2
114.1
214.0
99.3
43.4
90
116.9
76.0
248.5
16.1
23.7
21.2
16.9
30.4
1,861.2
9.8
29.4
653.0
25.6
114.5
215.7
100.5
43.5
9.6
117.2
76.2
249.4
16.2
23.8
21.3
17.1
30.2
627.2
9.1
13.3
Z00.4
5.1
57.6
42.3
40.5
25.1
4.9
37.1
75.1
24.3
5.0
5.8
11.1
5.4
9.6
642.5
9.0
14.1
205.4
5.8
59.7
43.0
43.0
25.1
5.0
37.6
76.2
24.9
5.3
6.1
11.5
5.7
9.4
646.7
9.0
14.3
206.2
5.7
60.7
43.2
43.4
25.2
5.0
37.9
75.4
25.2
5.4
6.1
11.5
5.7
9.3
2,921.3
41.0
64.0
831.7
31.1
205.9
293.3
208.0
130.3
29.7
231.6
195.9
169.4
33.9
39.0
38.0
36.9
57.8
2,969.6
42.9
64.7
839.6
32.2
208.1
299.6
213.1
133.2
29.7
233.6
199.0
175.1
34.6
40.4
39.0
37.6
59.5
2,965.0
42.6
64.3
839.9
31.9
207.0
298.2
212.6
133.4
29.9
233.0
198.3
176.3
34.3
40.4
38.7
37.8
59.3
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
194.4
29.9
25.2
88.6
196.5
29.8
25.3
89.2
196.9
29.8
25.2
89.6
1207
3.7
10.9
84.6
117.4
3.5
11.6
81.7
117.4
3.5
11.6
82.0
452.5
32.1
45.0
240.1
467.3
33.9
46.3
247.7
469.1
34.2
46.7
247.3
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
274.2
40.0
19.1
89.3
39.3
26.6
28.5
18.3
274.5
39.7
19.1
91.5
38.9
24.9
28.4
18.3
274.1
39.8
19.0
91.4
38.6
24.8
28.3
18.5
72.1
7.0
2.8
25.5
15.5
6.4
9.4
3.4
73.2
7.3
2.8
26.0
15.8
6.2
9.8
3.5
73.1
7.2
2.8
25.9
15.8
6.3
10.0
3.5
335.5
39.5
21.4
120.1
49.9
25.5
42.3
16.3
345.2
40.4
22.1
121.4
51.7
26.8
44.1
17.2
340.1
39.6
21.7
119.6
51.8
26.2
43.3
16.8
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
59.9
6.3
43.9
57.2
6.3
41.4
57.7
6.3
41.7
15.7
1.6
13.8
15.6
1.6
13.5
15.9
1.6
13.7
78.9
12.7
57.8
82.3
13.1
60.1
81.4
12.9
59.7
District of Columbia
Washington PMSA
13.2
94.5
13.0
97.1
13.1
97.3
19.6
110.9
18.7
111.6
18.7
111.9
49.5
453.1
48.7
469.7
49.1
465.2
489.5
14.1
42.2
6.7
5.5
36.5
21.5
25.9
76.8
51.4
11.4
20.4
5.2
86.5
30.0
493.1
14.0
43.3
6.9
5.6
36.9
22.1
25.8
77.1
52.4
11.3
20.3
5.2
87.7
30.4
494.3
14.1
43.7
7.1
5.6
36.7
21.9
25.6
77.8
52.6
11.6
20.3
5.1
87.8
30.5
308.7
3.6
29.9
6.5
2.2
34.3
8.9
4.5
78.4
38.4
6.5
5.4
3.6
44.7
14.8
319.6
3.2
32.1
6.4
2.2
35.4
8.9
4.8
81.4
39.9
6.6
5.3
3.9
45.1
16.0
321.2
3.3
32.1
6.4
2.3
35.6
8.9
4.8
81.5
40.0
6.6
5.3
3.9
45.5
16.1
1,591.0
42.8
168.6
43.0
24.2
122.4
45.9
40.2
245.3
181.8
35.9
58.1
29.0
254.0
110.3
1,636.5
42.8
175.4
44.8
24.4
125.8
47.7
41.0
247.1
191.7
37.9
60.1
30.1
261.6
112.1
1,650.4
43.9
175.7
45.0
24.8
126.5
48.1
41.5
248.7
192.6
38.4
60.8
30.4
265.8
112.7
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Alabama
Birmingham ....
HuntsvillB
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
80.0
32.1
4.5
9.2
8.8
2.3
82.6
33.5
4.6
9.6
9.1
2.4
82.7
33.6
4.6
9.6
9.0
2.4
395.5
126.1
41.9
55.9
38.8
12.8
405.3
126.5
43.9
57.4
40.6
13.0
409.0
128.2
43.9
58.4
41.2
13.4
345.8
69.0
39.1
34.1
36.7
21.6
343.3
68.4
38.3
34.5
35.9
21.0
346.6
68.7
38.4
34.6
36.7
21.6
Alaska
Anchorage
11.4
7.1
11.4
7.0
11.4
7.1
58.5
32.1
59.3
32.5
60.1
32.9
73.3
27.8
72.6
27.9
74.3
28.3
112.8
92.2
12.2
118.8
99.2
12.3
120.0
100.1
12.5
543.2
389.1
92.5
575.2
415.1
99.0
587.4
423.0
99.9
328.5
174.1
71.7
320.2
172.6
68.6
337.7
186.1
72.1
42.1
4.4
2.9
16.9
1.4
43.2
4.8
3.1
17.1
1.3
43.2
4.8
3.1
17.2
1.3
239.8
24.6
22.3
82.9
8.3
244.6
26.1
23.2
84.7
8.2
247.4
26.5
23.4
85.6
8.3
181.6
18.4
9.6
57.4
8.0
180.6
17.9
9.7
58.2
7.5
184.1
19.0
9.9
58.6
7.9
California
Bakersfieid
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vailejo-Fairfieid-Napa
Ventura
734.2
5.9
14.2
217.4
4.4
51.8
85.6
29.7
39.5
6.2
56.4
96.9
29.7
7.0
9.4
8.3
5.4
12.3
728.9
6.1
13.7
214.3
4.2
51.3
85.3
29.6
38.7
6.2
56.2
98.5
30.0
7.1
9.5
8.2
5.7
12.0
730.4
6.2
13.9
215.3
4.3
51.1
85.4
29.9
38.9
6.2
56.4
98.7
29.9
7.2
9.4
8.3
5.7
11.8
3,813.7
40.1
66.0
1,210.0
29.4
259.6
356.1
209.8
163.7
30.7
314.5
335.6
276.6
45.2
42.3
38.6
37.0
70.3
3,955.4
41.5
66.8
1,255.0
30.2
265.7
364.7
216.1
173.1
31.1
319.4
352.8
288.4
45.9
44.5
40.1
37.5
75.5
4,005.8
41.9
67.1
1,271.6
30.5
269.8
368.4
219.0
174.6
31.7
322.4
356.2
291.8
46.5
44.7
40.3
38.1
75.9
2,127.7
47.6
65.5
534.7
23.1
170.9
132.4
167.1
166.5
26.3
191.3
124.2
87.9
30.0
26.1
33.8
31.9
44.3
2,135.4
48.7
64.5
535.0
23.8
168.7
131.6
171.4
170.8
27.1
191.1
125.4
87.8
30.3
25.5
33.9
30.8
43.4
2,162.6
48.7
66.0
538.6
23.8
170.8
135.0
172.4
171.3
27.6
193.0
127.0
87.9
30.7
26.1
34.0
30.9
44.0
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont.
Colorado Springs...
Denver
116.2
5.2
10.2
76.8
120.0
5.5
10.6
78.7
120.1
5.4
10.6
78.8
548.2
45.0
65.0
293.2
578.6
48.5
68.6
302.1
583.7
49.2
69.4
305.8
311.0
26.2
33.7
141.1
307.0
24.8
34.0
140.9
318.0
26.5
34.4
145.1
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden .
New London-Nonwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury
130.2
10.0
3.9
70.3
13.7
3.4
22.2
4.1
129.3
10.4
4.1
67.0
13.7
3.6
23.1
4.5
128.7
10.4
4.1
66.8
13.7
3.6
23.2
4.4
466.6
55.0
22.8
162.0
81.4
32.0
65.4
24.1
478.7
55.6
23.8
164.6
82.7
32.6
67.1
24.3
484.2
56.8
23.6
166.6
84.0
32.9
67.5
24.7
225.4
19.7
9.7
96.5
31.3
30.7
17.3
12.5
222.4
19.6
9.2
91.0
31.1
34.7
17.2
12.6
230.2
19.8
9.4
95.8
31.8
34.9
17.4
12.7
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
42.2
2.2
36.6
44.2
2.5
38.5
44.9
2.5
38.9
98.1
11.1
81.1
102.0
11.9
83.5
102.8
11.8
84.0
51.7
14.2
36.8
52.4
14.7
36.7
53.1
14.6
37.4
District of Columbia .
Washington PMSA .
29.7
130.3
28.0
128.7
27.9
129.0
261.6
881.7
258.6
895.2
266.7
909.6
244.6
602.5
233.3
590.0
232.4
592.9
norlda
Daytona Beach
Fort Uuderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven .
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacoia
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater.
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
386.8
6.5
42.5
8.5
4.6
51.0
7.7
5.7
66.2
43.8
5.7
11.2
5.3
69.2
28.3
400.1
6.7
43.4
8.5
4.9
51.7
7.8
5.7
67.9
45.5
5.9
11.8
5.6
72.7
29.4
401.0
6.6
43.9
8.5
5.0
52.0
7.8
5.7
67.8
45.6
5.8
11.8
5.6
73.0
29.5
2,085.2
51.7
201.7
48.9
30.1
149.7
44.7
58.5
298.2
296.4
46.1
91.6
36.9
379.0
154.9
2,158.1
52.2
207.3
49.9
30.8
157.7
46.3
59.9
307.7
314.1
47.5
98.9
37.4
385.6
163.0
2,190.8
53.3
209.6
50.1
31.0
159.0
47.0
60.4
310.4
320.2
48.2
100.2
38.1
391.3
166.0
940.4
23.2
82.4
23.5
39.0
68.1
24.8
24.5
133.0
82.2
28.1
22.7
58.2
133.9
53.3
949.8
23.8
83.9
23.7
39.1
69.2
25.6
24.3
136.3
84.3
28.0
23.4
58.5
133.6
52.9
957.1
24.2
84.1
24.3
39.0
69.8
25.6
24.6
134.9
84.8
28.3
23.7
58.7
134.3
54.1
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa.
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Sprlngdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine BiuH
(In thousands)
Mining
Total
Construction
State and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
3,448.6
57.8
70.2
1,853.1
188.4
110.6
141.8
127.0
3,522.0
58.5
71.5
1,908.2
194.5
110.8
146.4
131.8
3,538.1
59.0
72.3
1,920.4
194.1
111.1
146.3
131.6
Hawaii
Honolulu
532.8
408.0
528.7
401.4
idaho
Boise City
472.4
180.9
illlnois
Bloomlngton-Nonnal
Champalgn-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rookford
Springfield
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken .
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1996
7.8
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
159.2
3.9
2.3
89.7
10.7
4.9
6.0
7.8
160.1
4.0
2.3
91.2
10.8
4.8
6.0
7.7
23.5
18.0
22.2
16.5
22.0
16.4
3.1
25.1
11.4
27.4
12.7
27.5
12.9
11.9
(M
(M
1.4
185.9
2.0
2.4
130.1
7.0
3.2
1.7
5.9
5.5
4.1
194.3
2.1
2.5
138.3
7.4
3.4
1.9
6.0
6.0
4.1
191.3
2.1
2.6
137.2
7.2
3.3
1.7
5.8
5.5
4.1
114.2
2.4
3.5
8.2
10.5
14.3
37.3
1.2
3.1
2.1
5.8
2.7
117.8
3.1
4.6
7.7
12.7
15.3
42.4
1.7
3.5
2.6
6.7
2.4
117.5
3.1
4.6
7.8
12.8
15.0
42.5
1.5
3.5
2.6
6.7
2.5
46.1
4.9
9.5
1.4
1.7
2.6
2.0
50.1
5.4
9.7
1.5
1.9
3.2
2.2
49.3
5.2
9.7
1.4
1.9
3.1
2.2
51.3
1.8
3.7
12.7
53.0
1.7
3.8
12.9
7.8
(M
1.6
.4
(M
1.6
.4
1.6
.4
(M
(M
1.2
Feb.
1997P
156.8
4.1
2.4
86.4
10.5
5.0
5.9
7.4
7.8
(M
Jan.
1997
1.1
1.2
(M
(M
0)
531.9
404.1
(M
(M
(M
(M
0)
486.1
187.5
489.6
188.2
(M
5,542.5
75,9
96.1
3,873.6
167.8
56.1
42.0
163.6
167.9
109.4
5,606.8
74.6
93.6
3,932.0
172.9
56.7
42.4
164.2
170.4
111.0
5,631.1
77.7
96.4
3,938.8
172.8
56.5
42.7
163.4
172.8
111.0
12.4
(M
indlana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson.
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
2,758.5
63.7
113.2
148.0
256.6
250.5
794.4
51.3
91.0
60.1
128.8
69.0
2,778.1
64.3
115.3
148.5
264.9
257.7
819.5
52.4
88.7
59.4
131.6
68.5
2,791.9
64.6
115.9
149.6
266.4
257.9
824.4
52.2
90.8
60.3
132.2
68.7
5.6
iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls.
1,343.5
107.1
261.1
48.7
61.7
63.1
68.2
1,366.9
110.0
265.3
49.5
63.7
64.0
68.4
1,366.3
110.1
266.8
49.6
62.2
63.5
68.9
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita
1,198.5
44.0
98.4
258.3
1,231.7
41.6
97.7
266.1
1,242.6
44.4
98.3
268.0
1.4
49.2
1.8
3.6
12.5
Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
1,628.7
254.9
522.7
41.0
1,657.0
256.7
534.4
41.5
1,668.6
263.6
534.9
41.5
22.9
.2
.5
.3
22.6
.2
.6
.3
22.4
.2
.6
.3
66.4
10.7
24.1
2.8
70.7
11.2
25.8
2.9
71.5
11.5
25.5
2.9
|j)uisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
1,776.7
52.5
271.7
66.0
148.6
83.1
66.5
594.2
163.3
1,814.9
53.8
280.1
69.6
154.4
83.7
66.5
601.8
168.9
1,824.0
54.2
284.2
69.8
155.4
84.0
67.1
602.1
169.1
47.0
.1
.7
5.5
13.2
1.5
.2
13.5
2.2
49.8
.1
.8
6.7
14.0
1.4
.2
14.0
2.5
50.5
.1
.8
6.7
14.0
1.4
.2
14.1
2.4
108.4
3.2
29.1
2.9
7.3
10.6
3.4
27.9
8.4
110.8
3.0
30.1
3.1
8.3
9.1
3.2
28.0
9.4
112.4
3.1
30.6
3.2
8.5
9.3
3.4
27.6
9.7
521.1
40.0
131.0
525.6
40.8
136.5
527.5
40.1
136.5
.1
.1
.1
18.1
1.4
5.1
20.5
1.5
6.0
19.4
1.4
5.9
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
2.7
3.0
(M
(')
1.6
(J)
<
( ''
(M
(M
(M
(M
11.9
0)
0)
(1)
(M
1.4
(M
<
)
(M
' >
(M
(')
<I>
.7
'( I ')
0)
0)
1.4
.7
<
)
(M
.2
0)
1.8
1.8
<1'
0)
.7
<I>
(M
(M
1.4
<!>
0)
(')
.2
6.0
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
6.0
(M
1.4
C)
(M
.2
1.8
(M
'1'
' '
(M
<
)
(M
<
'
C)
<
'
(M
<
)
(')
(M
7.9
(M
(M
(2)
1.4
7.5
(M
(M
1.5
7.6
(M
(2)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
581.7
8.0
11.6
213.7
41.1
21.1
19.6
17.1
586.6
8.6
11.9
218.3
41.4
21.2
20.9
17.3
587.3
8.6
11.8
219.2
41.3
21.2
21.0
17.2
218.9
2.9
1.9
155.5
6.0
3.7
5.1
9.2
222.0
2.8
2.0
157.8
6.4
3.5
5.2
9.7
222.3
2.9
2.0
158.1
6.3
3.5
5.3
9.4
864.2
13.9
17.2
492.8
41.1
24.1
32.7
32.0
896.0
14.1
18.6
513.2
43.6
24.7
33.9
33.9
891.1
13.9
18.7
510.5
43.0
24.7
33.4
33.7
Hawaii
Honolulu ..
16.7
12.8
16.3
12.7
16.4
12.6
40.9
33.1
41.2
33.3
41.0
33.2
135.6
101.5
135.3
100.6
135.0
100.1
Idaho
Boise City
71.0
32.8
72.6
34.0
72.3
34.1
22.6
8.7
23.2
9.1
23.1
9.2
119.1
43.2
125.1
45.4
124.0
44.8
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island .
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
964.7
8.6
11.9
653.0
29.3
13.7
8.6
32.9
50.3
4.3
973.1
9.0
12.1
659.2
29.5
13.8
8.4
31.7
50.9
4.5
976.1
9.1
12.1
660.3
29.7
13.7
8.6
31.5
53.7
4.6
326.0
2.8
2.4
240.6
8.7
5.3
1.9
9.1
8.1
5.2
336.5
2.8
2.5
247.7
8.9
5.0
1.9
9.1
8.1
4.8
336.7
2.8
2.4
248.0
8.9
5.0
1.9
9.1
8.1
4.8
1,271.6
17.1
21.1
888.6
45.6
12.0
10.4
39.5
35.7
23.4
1,286.3
17.0
21.4
896.0
46.7
12.2
10.4
40.0
36.9
23.9
1,277.6
17.2
21.2
884.9
46.5
12.1
10.4
39.6
36.7
23.6
Indiana
Bloomington.
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis ..
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend ...
Terre Haute ..
674.2
9.8
57.9
31.7
73.4
51.3
125.2
21.1
21.9
11.4
22.4
12.3
668.3
9.7
57.7
30.9
73.5
51.2
125.7
21.3
21.9
109
21.9
11.5
671.3
9.7
58.1
30.9
74.0
50.8
125.6
21.1
22.0
10.9
21.8
11.5
137.1
1.7
3.3
7.1
12.2
15.3
47.8
1.3
2.2
4.3
5.7
3.1
136.1
1.7
3.3
7.3
12.5
15.1
48.7
1.3
2.3
3.9
6.0
3.1
136.5
1.8
3.3
7.3
12.5
15.1
48.4
1.3
2.3
4.0
6.0
3.1
658.4
14.6
20.9
36.9
61.0
60.8
209.5
11.0
18.5
13.3
33.2
20.2
670.3
14.3
22.3
36.2
63.0
61.8
218.4
11.2
18.6
13.4
34.0
20.5
665.9
14.3
22.3
36.4
62.9
61.5
218.2
11.1
18.7
13.1
34.0
20.2
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines...
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
245.3
20.8
25.4
11.3
4.6
12.7
14.5
247.2
20.9
24.4
11.7
4.7
13.0
14.3
245.4
21.0
24.6
11.7
4.8
12.6
14.5
60.9
7.3
12.6
2.1
2.1
3.8
2.0
63.9
7.9
13.5
2.0
2.0
3.8
2.2
64.1
7.9
13.4
2.0
2.0
3.8
2.2
329.1
24.1
68.9
11.6
12.3
15.6
16.0
333.6
24.6
71.2
12.0
12.4
15.7
16.2
330.0
24.3
70.8
11.8
12.5
15.4
16.1
Kansas
Lawrence .
Topeka
Wichita
192.5
5.1
10.4
59.6
199.0
5.1
10.0
65.3
199.8
5.1
9.9
66.0
68.5
1.2
6.2
102
70.8
1.2
6.6
10.4
71.3
1.2
6.5
10.4
294.5
11.3
21.4
60.7
305.7
11.4
21.3
61.9
304.4
11.5
21.5
61.8
Kentucky
Lexington ....
Louisville
Owensboro .
310.8
44.0
88.7
6.8
312.4
44.3
88.7
6.9
311.4
44.5
87.5
6.8
90.5
10.2
36.9
2.0
94.8
10.3
37.6
2.1
94.7
10.2
37.8
2.1
387.7
57.8
127.9
10.4
397.3
59.1
131.9
10.8
396.4
58.9
131.5
10.6
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
185.3
3.3
24.0
5.6
15.1
11.4
8.3
46.6
20.1
186.4
3.5
24.2
6.5
15.6
11.6
7.8
47.2
201
186.5
3.6
24.3
6.5
15.6
11.7
7.9
47.1
20.3
107.1
2.8
12.5
6.8
8.9
4.4
3.8
41.8
8.3
108.7
2.7
12.5
7.2
9.5
4.6
3.7
41.6
8.3
108.4
2.8
12.4
7.2
9.6
4.2
3.7
41.8
8.3
410.5
11.7
61.9
16.5
38.1
17.3
16.5
146.5
37.3
424.2
12.0
64.9
16.7
40.0
17.5
16.6
149.4
38.6
422.7
12.0
65.4
16.6
39.9
17.5
16.5
148.9
38.3
87.9
8.1
14.3
87.1
7.9
14.2
86.4
7.8
15.1
21.9
1.7
6.1
22.2
1.7
6.1
22.1
1.7
6.1
127.3
9.9
37.6
129.9
10.4
39.7
127.8
9.9
38.1
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aike
Columbus ..
Macon
Savannah .,
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn .
Portland
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Government
Services
State and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
177.5
2.2
2.1
117.6
6.2
7.5
8.2
4.3
182.6
2.2
2.2
123.4
6.2
7.5
8.3
4.2
182.3
2.3
2.2
123.0
6.2
7.6
8.2
4.2
868.9
14.1
14.6
534.6
43.6
28.7
36.7
36.2
899.8
14.3
14.9
551.6
45.2
28.5
37.7
37.9
914.9
14.6
15.2
562.0
45.4
28.8
38.0
38.2
572.8
12.6
20.4
250.9
39.5
20.5
32.4
20.8
568.0
12.6
19.6
252.6
40.6
20.5
33.2
21.0
572.3
12.7
20.1
254.8
40.7
20.5
33.3
21.2
Hawaii
Honolulu
37.0
30.1
36.2
29.2
36.1
29.2
165.9
120.8
167.7
120.8
168.7
121.6
113.2
91.7
109.8
88.3
112.7
91.0
Idaho
Boise City
24.9
11.5
25.3
11.1
25.2
11.1
110.3
44.0
113.2
46.1
114.1
46.3
96.7
29.3
96.3
29.1
100.3
29.8
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rocl< Island .
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
382.1
13.4
3.3
298.6
7.7
1.9
1.6
7.8
7.1
7.7
385.1
13.6
3.5
301.4
8.2
1.9
1.7
8.1
7.3
7.8
386.0
13.6
3.5
301.5
8.2
1.9
1.7
8.0
7.2
7.9
1,584.4
17.6
20.1
1,170.6
43.5
13.5
11.0
50.0
44.3
31.1
1,627.2
18.1
20.0
1,210.9
45.5
13.9
11.3
50.8
44.3
32.5
1,635.7
18.1
20.2
1,217.8
45.6
13.9
11.4
50.9
44.5
32.4
815.4
14.4
34.9
490.5
26.0
6.5
6.8
18.4
16.9
33.6
792.4
12.0
31.6
477.1
26.7
6.5
6.8
18.5
16.9
33.4
815.8
14.8
34.4
487.7
26.7
6.6
7.0
18.5
17.1
33.6
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson.
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
131.8
2.4
2.7
7.2
13.8
9.0
57.8
1.4
3.7
1.7
6.4
2.2
135.6
2.0
2.7
7.3
14.6
9.5
60.4
1.5
3.7
1.7
6.5
2.4
136.2
2.2
2.7
7.4
14.6
9.5
60.5
1.5
3.7
1.7
6.8
2.4
631.5
12.1
17.7
40.8
58.8
63.2
204.0
8.4
16.3
14.5
42.2
16.2
656.7
12.7
17.6
42.7
62.0
68.1
216.7
8.4
16.0
15.1
42.9
16.1
657.9
12.4
17.6
43.2
62.2
68.3
218.2
8.5
16.2
15.2
43.0
16.4
405.7
20.7
7.2
14.7
26.9
36.6
112.1
6.9
25.3
12.8
13.1
12.1
387.3
20.8
7.1
15.0
26.6
36.7
106.5
7.0
22.7
11.8
13.6
12.3
400.6
21.1
7.3
15.2
27.4
37.7
110.3
7.2
24.4
12.8
13.9
12.4
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls.
76.6
5.6
36.2
1.6
1.7
2.6
3.1
77.2
5.7
36.5
1.6
1.7
2.6
3.3
77.1
5.6
36.5
1.6
1.8
2.6
3.3
351.0
33.3
73.8
17.1
13.1
18.4
17.7
362.7
35.1
76.6
17.0
13.0
18.4
17.6
366.5
35.4
77.2
17.3
13.3
18.6
17.7
232.7
11.1
34.7
3.6
26.2
7.4
12.9
230.4
10.4
33.4
3.7
28.0
7.3
12.6
232.1
10.7
34.6
3.8
25.9
7.4
12.9
Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita .
57.6
1.9
6.S
11.0
59.1
1.9
6.8
11.1
59.2
1.9
6.8
11.0
290.4
9.7
26.3
69.3
302.5
9.7
26.6
70.0
305.7
10.1
26.8
70.6
237.9
13.0
24.0
33.6
235.8
10.5
22.7
33.2
241.6
12.9
23.0
33.9
Kentucky
Lexington ....
Louisville
Owensboro .
65.9
9.7
27.8
1.8
67.9
10.2
28.2
1.8
68.1
10.1
28.2
1.8
392.7
66.4
148.3
9.9
404.6
68.9
153.2
10.1
409.0
70.3
154.5
10.2
291.8
55.9
68.5
7.0
286.7
52.5
68.4
6.6
295.1
57.9
69.3
6.8
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City.
81.6
2.3
16.4
2.2
5.7
2.6
4.4
30.0
6.5
83.2
2.2
16.7
2.3
5.8
2.7
4.6
30.7
6.6
83.2
2.2
16.7
2.3
5.8
2.7
4.6
30.6
6.6
472.7
15.5
68.9
13.7
36.8
22.2
17.0
184.6
48.1
492.8
17.0
72.8
14.4
38.6
23.9
17.8
188.0
50.9
494.9
17.1
73.2
14.3
38.7
24.0
17.9
189.2
50.9
364.1
13.6
58.2
12.8
23.5
13.1
12.9
103.3
32.4
359.0
13.3
58.1
12.7
22.6
12.9
12.6
102.9
32.5
365.4
13.3
60.8
13.0
23.3
13.2
12.9
102.8
32.6
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn....
Portland
26.1
1.8
11.6
26.9
2.0
12.4
26.8
2.0
12.4
143.8
12.3
38.4
146.1
12.6
40.1
148.4
12.4
40.2
95.9
4.8
17.9
92.8
4.7
18.0
96.5
4.9
18.7
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken .
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C.
2,145.5
1,110.4
396.8
792.3
2,178.5
1,118.2
395.1
807.8
2,194.7
1,125.9
398.7
811.7
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth.,
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster..
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
2,955.8
48.3
1,806.6
89.4
497
144.8
107.0
607
40.2
239.2
212.4
3,021.0
49.6
1,849.2
88.3
50.0
145.9
109.0
61.4
40.8
240.5
217.9
3,033.3
49.7
1,850.9
89.9
500
146.0
109.4
61.2
40.6
243.2
217.5
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek...
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
4,273.1
258.5
696
2,013.4
180.7
519.8
58.8
204.7
228.9
170.6
4,315.0
257.8
69.8
2,047.5
178.8
535.6
59.0
204.3
226.9
173.6
4,340.5
261.9
702
2,059.3
178.9
538.4
59.4
205.3
230.3
173.4
Minnesota
Dululh-Superior
Minneapoiis-St. Paul.
Rochester
St. Cloud
2,369.7
105.1
1,545.6
68.3
82.9
2,412.1
108.5
1,570.5
69.9
83.2
2,422.7
108.7
1,575.9
69.7
83.8
Mississippi
Jackson
1,069.4
212.2
1,084.7
214.1
1,084.5
215.8
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield....
2,502.7
857.6
1,237.1
152.7
2,530.4
881.8
1,263.1
152.6
2,563.0
887.4
1,271.3
155.5
Montana
346.2
350,4
351.5
5,0
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
817.0
140.0
377.6
832.2
142.6
383.4
836.1
143.7
384.1
1.1
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
809.2
569.2
166.9
864.9
615.0
171.3
871.3
619.9
172.5
New Hampshire....
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester.
537.7
92.1
84.1
107.6
558.2
94.3
86.3
108.4
561.7
94.9
87.5
110.4
3,547.3
160.6
612.3
445.9
235.3
568.4
337.8
916.2
192.2
55.8
3,609.7
166.5
621.4
460.2
237.3
583.4
342.3
926.3
193.3
56.4
3,617.9
168.5
622.9
460.9
234.3
586.5
344.5
927.2
193.6
56.1
683.8
321.0
49.8
68.6
688.4
323.2
50.9
67.5
695.9
326.6
51.4
68.7
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque ....
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
1.0
.1
Feb.
1997P
1.1
.1
(M
127.1
60.5
12.1
55.7
128.2
60.8
12.2
55.9
1.1
77.8
2.1
44.6
2.6
1.3
4.8
3.9
1.6
1.2
5.9
5.3
86.8
2.2
49.4
2.6
1.4
4.8
4.2
1.6
1.3
6.3
6.3
84.8
2.3
48.5
2.6
1.4
4.6
4.0
1.7
1.2
6.2
6.1
.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(M
(2)
(M
(=)
.1
.1
.2
139.0
7.7
1.8
61.8
5.5
20.2
1.7
6.4
6.8
7.4
155.0
8.6
1.9
68.8
6.3
21.3
1.8
6.8
7.3
8.0
153.8
8.5
2.0
69.3
6.1
21.6
1.7
6.6
7.4
7.8
.7
(M
(M
7.1
5.0
69.8
2.8
46.0
2.0
2.8
75.6
3.4
49.5
2.1
3.0
74.0
3.3
48.4
2.1
2.9
4.9
45.5
10.0
45.8
9.8
46.0
10.3
4.7
102.4
38.2
55.5
6.0
107.5
42.5
59.3
5.9
112.5
43.2
60.9
6.1
5.3
5.1
13.1
13.6
13.7
1.0
1.0
31,3
5.2
14.7
33.8
5.6
16.5
33.9
5.6
16.5
14.9
2.1
.5
67.0
53.6
9.8
77.2
60.7
11.6
78.4
61.9
11.4
.4
17.1
3.5
2.4
2.8
19.7
4.1
2.4
3.0
18.8
4.0
2.5
2.9
1.8
105.3
5.6
18.1
16.6
3.4
16.0
14.3
25.1
3.8
1.4
113.0
6.7
18.7
18.7
3.7
17.2
14,9
26.6
3.9
1.5
110.0
6.9
18.2
18.1
3.6
17.5
14.6
26.5
3.8
1.5
42.0
21.9
3.4
3.3
39.1
20.9
3.2
3.1
39.7
21.4
3.2
3.2
.4
.8
(M
4.9
(=)
(?)
4.9
(=)
(')
4,7
4.5
(M
(M
(t ] ''
( )
(M
(')
(')
(M
(M
(M
(')
13.9
2.0
.6
14.9
2.1
.5
.4
.4
(M
(M
(M
<
>
(M
(M
<!'
(M
1.6
.4
(M
.5
1.7
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
.8
(M
7.3
5.0
(M
(M
(M
7.0
(M
(M
(')
(')
(')
(M
(')
( '
.1
.1
.2
(M
(M
' '
7.0
4.9
.4
(')
7.0
(M
(M
(M
<
)
(M
< )
(M
(2)
(2)
(2)
(M
.1
.1
.2
7.0
(M
(M
(')
1.2
(M
Feb.
1997P
116.7
55.5
11.3
49.9
(M
1.0
Jan.
1997
1.1
.1
(')
'I'
<1'
(M
(M
(M
Feb.
1996
.4
.5
(M
(M
(M
(M
.5
(M
.5
0)
.3
.3
.3
15.3
15.1
15.0
(M
(M
(M
<
'
(M
(M
(')
0)
0)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
^eb.
996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-O.C.
172.4
100.3
32.1
36.1
172.2
100.2
31.9
37.0
172.5
100.5
31.8
36.8
104.7
56.4
19.6
34.1
106.5
56.0
19.3
34.3
106.7
56.4
19.4
34.0
508.4
256.0
63.1
189.6
520.0
259.3
62.8
195.9
518.3
258.1
63.1
194.8
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
443.3
2.2
219.5
10.8
13.3
38.1
27.2
14.0
7.6
38.7
41.2
443.7
1.9
218.8
10.7
13.6
37.2
28.2
14.0
7.5
39.1
42.3
442.4
1.8
218.2
10.6
13.4
37.3
28.1
14.0
7.5
38.9
41.9
126.7
2.6
79.3
5.0
2.0
4.8
6.4
2.3
1.2
9.2
9.3
130.4
2.9
81.7
4.9
2.0
5.1
6.4
2.3
1.2
8.9
9.2
130.6
2.9
82.1
4.8
2.0
5.0
6.4
2.2
1.2
8.9
9.1
666.0
15.0
391.1
30.0
11.8
34.0
22.6
15.2
9.9
54.9
46.6
692.2
15.8
402.3
30.2
11.7
35.5
23.7
15.6
10.1
56.1
47.5
683.7
15.6
395.3
30.1
11.7
34.9
23.8
15.4
10.0
55.9
46.9
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
972.6
53.2
20.9
447.1
46.4
150.8
13.1
50.4
30.9
39.2
963.1
53.4
20.8
445.5
42.2
154.9
13.0
49.6
30.0
39.2
962.5
53.1
20.8
449.2
41.4
155.4
13.0
49.4
29.9
38.9
165.2
5.5
2.8
90.6
5.0
18.2
3.6
6.8
6.0
7.2
165.5
5.7
2.9
92.4
5.0
18.8
3.6
6.9
6.1
7.1
165.5
5.8
2.9
92.1
5.1
18.8
3.6
6.9
6.0
7.0
994.4
50.7
15.0
472.0
44.1
127.2
14.8
44.2
49.6
42.9
1,021.2
51.2
15.2
486.5
45.7
133.5
15.2
45.2
50.3
44.7
1,014.1
51.3
15.1
483.0
45.4
133.2
15.1
44.9
50.3
43.9
MInnuot*
Duluth-Superior .
MInnsapolls-St. Paul.
Rochester
St. Cloud
420.6
7.9
269.9
10.3
15.4
426.2
8.3
271.2
10.2
15.2
427.7
8.4
271.9
10.3
15.6
118.3
6.1
85.5
2.0
2.9
120,4
7.1
85.2
2.1
2.8
120.9
7.0
85.2
2.0
2.8
574.5
26.8
371.7
13.9
25.6
591.4
27.8
385.3
14.2
26.0
587.6
27.4
381.6
14.0
25.8
MlttlMlppI .
Jackson ...
247.4
21.5
241.2
21.5
241.0
21.6
52.0
15.0
51.8
15.1
50.1
15.0
224.9
49.8
230.6
51.1
228.9
50.8
Missouri
Kansas City ....
St. Louis
Springfield
418.6
106.3
198.5
23.2
409.1
106.9
195.2
23.4
411.4
106.7
195.5
23.6
155.3
67.0
78.9
10.3
160.4
69.5
80.2
11.1
161.7
69.7
81.3
11.0
589.6
210.7
291.0
43.8
602.8
220.5
305.2
43.1
599.7
219.4
300.6
43.2
Montana
22.9
23.6
23.4
20.4
20.1
20.2
93.5
94.6
94.1
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
112.6
16.7
39.0
114.0
16.6
39.5
114.4
16.9
39.4
49.5
8.9
25.3
50.6
9.0
25.9
50.8
9.0
26.0
202.1
30.2
90.6
207.7
31.0
90.9
207.8
31.0
90.9
37.6
20.8
12.7
39.2
21.8
13.1
39.4
22.0
13.1
41.1
29.1
10.6
43.0
30.7
10.7
43.0
30.6
10.8
161.0
114.9
37.3
175.5
125.3
39.9
175.6
125.8
39.7
New Hampshlrv
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
103.4
12.9
26.6
19.3
105.2
13.2
26.8
18.6
106.0
13.3
27.1
18.8
19.0
5.4
2.2
3.8
19.5
5.8
2.2
3.9
19.6
5.7
2.2
4.3
136.3
22.4
20.5
27.1
144.9
23.2
21.4
28.1
144.8
23.0
21.9
28.1
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
4B2.0
6.4
106.5
54.9
27.7
91.3
21.5
135.9
20.9
12.6
479.8
6.1
104.8
55.4
26.8
93.8
21.4
134.6
19.9
12.6
480.0
6.6
104.3
55.0
27.0
93.8
21.8
134.5
19.9
12.5
250.3
7.0
32.9
21.8
28.6
45.9
20.6
80.0
7.0
2.8
254.6
7.1
34.2
22.6
27.7
46.5
21.0
81.3
7.5
3.1
255.7
7.1
34.1
22.3
28.0
47.0
20.9
82.1
7.3
3.0
825.8
29.9
169.5
119.3
56.5
132.8
90.2
182.2
31.2
10.7
850.7
31.5
172.5
126.2
56.7
136.2
93.4
186.6
32.0
11.1
843.9
32.0
171.6
126.7
56.5
135.4
92.4
185.4
31.7
10.9
44.9
29.3
2.5
2.0
45.1
29.5
2.6
1.9
45.3
29.8
2.6
2.0
31.5
15.1
1.8
1.3
30.8
14.7
1.7
1.2
31.0
14.7
1.7
1.2
158.5
75.7
10.7
14.4
163.5
78.7
10.7
14.2
162.5
78.3
10.7
14.2
Nevada
Las Vegas.
Reno
New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
126.7
71.4
33.8
47.3
126.7
69.9
32.8
48.2
126.4
69.9
32.9
48.2
688.5
360.1
149.1
262.7
707.1
364.4
148.6
270.3
716.2
370.7
151.8
272.4
427.1
210.6
87.8
172.6
417.8
207.8
87.6
166.4
425.3
209.4
87.5
169.6
Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
204.0
3.0
150.6
2.8
1.5
4.5
3.7
1.9
1.9
12.7
14.9
211.3
3.1
155.9
3.0
1.5
4.4
3.8
2.0
1.9
12.0
15.1
211.8
3.1
156.2
3.0
1.5
4.4
3.8
1.9
1.9
12.0
15.1
1,034.0
16.0
701.1
22.5
12.4
40.3
28.8
15.8
13.5
72.6
63.1
1,054.1
16.1
720.8
21.6
12.2
41.1
28.9
16.0
13.8
73.2
64.9
1,072.7
16.4
729.3
23.0
12.3
41.5
29.5
16.1
13.8
75.1
65.6
403.0
7.4
220.1
15.7
7.4
18.3
14.4
9.9
4.8
45.1
31.8
401.3
7.6
219.9
15.3
7.6
17.8
13.8
9.9
4.9
44.8
32.4
406.2
7.6
220.9
15.8
7.7
18.3
13.8
9.9
4.9
46.1
32.6
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
197.8
9.5
2.6
108.0
6.4
20.4
1.8
10.7
12.9
6.6
200.5
9.6
2.6
110.7
6.6
21.3
1.8
10.7
13.1
6.6
199.9
9.6
2.6
110.6
6.6
21.3
1.8
10.7
13.1
6.6
1,135.5
60.6
18.0
601.0
47.9
129.5
13.6
50.8
53.8
44.6
1,161.5
61.2
18.2
615.2
48.2
132.8
13.7
51.1
53.9
45.4
1,174.1
61.9
18.2
623.4
48.9
133.6
13.7
51.4
54.5
45.9
661.7
71.2
8.6
232.1
25.3
53.4
10.3
35.4
69.0
22.7
641.1
68.2
8.3
227.7
24.7
53.0
9.9
34.2
66.2
22.7
663.7
71.8
8.6
230.8
25.4
54.6
10.4
35.3
69.1
23.2
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
140.4
3.4
110.6
2.3
2.8
142.1
3.4
111.2
2.3
2.9
142.7
3.4
111.8
2.3
2.9
653.8
29.3
440.9
30.9
20.1
665.7
30.7
451.3
31.9
20.2
672.3
30.8
457.5
31.8
20.6
385.3
23.9
220.7
6.9
13.3
383.4
22.8
216.5
7.1
13.1
390.4
23.4
219.2
7.2
13.2
40.4
15.0
40.8
15.6
40.7
15.6
238.5
54.9
247.6
53.9
249.6
55.2
217.8
45.4
222.0
46.4
223.3
46.6
146.3
62.0
76.5
6.4
152.0
62.9
78.2
6.7
152.4
62.9
78.0
6.7
681.3
243.8
380.4
43.8
692.7
250.4
388.3
43.8
704.3
253.3
394.8
45.3
404.5
129.6
156.3
19.2
401.4
129.1
156.7
18.6
416.3
132.2
160.2
19.6
Montana
15.7
16.0
16.2
97.8
99.4
100.0
77.8
77.8
78.8
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
53.1
9.1
32.7
54.0
9.6
32.9
53.8
9.6
32.8
215.5
35.0
124.3
220.3
35.7
127.9
222.4
36.2
128.7
151.8
34.9
51.0
150.8
35.1
49.8
152.0
35.4
49.8
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
37.3
28.5
7.5
38.2
29.4
7.6
38.4
29.5
7.7
350.7
258.8
66.1
373.7
281.0
65.8
375.2
282.3
66.0
100.6
61.5
22.3
103.2
64.0
22.1
106.4
65.7
23.3
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
27.9
7.5
3.2
5.7
28.3
7.2
2.9
5.8
28.1
7.1
2.8
5.8
153.9
29.8
21.1
27.2
161.1
30.5
22.5
27.8
161.8
31.2
22.8
28.2
79.7
10.6
8.1
21.7
79.1
10.3
8.1
21.2
82.2
10.6
8.2
22.3
228.5
5.7
33.8
21.9
23.3
42.2
17.6
69.4
10.6
3.3
233.3
5.8
34.1
22.5
24.5
43.7
18.0
69.8
11.1
3.2
232.8
5.8
34.2
22.4
24.9
42.9
18.0
67.4
11.0
3.3
1,084.3
78.1
180.3
132.6
56.3
161.9
111.5
280.6
66.0
11.9
1,113.0
81.3
186.3
136.7
58.5
170.0
111.8
285.9
66.4
11.9
1,121.6
81.8
188.6
137.7
54.9
171.5
114.3
287.2
66.9
11.8
569.5
27.9
71.2
78.8
39.5
77.9
62.1
142.5
52.7
12.8
563.6
28.0
70.8
78.1
39.4
75.6
61.8
141.0
52.5
12.7
572.1
28.3
71.9
78.7
39.4
77.9
62.5
143.6
53.0
12.8
30.8
16.9
1.9
3.0
31.7
17.0
1.9
3.2
31.7
17.2
1.9
3.2
189.1
99.6
10.3
20.2
193.1
100.9
11.2
20.4
194.4
101.2
11.3
20.6
171.7
62.5
19.2
24.4
170.0
61.5
19.6
23.5
176.3
64.0
20.0
24.3
Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe
State and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
New York
Albany-Scfienectady-Troy
Bingtiamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utlca-Rome
Westchester County
7,769.7
420.0
108.1
528.2
103.4
41.8
47.2
1,066.1
3,797.0
3,308.9
115.0
519.9
96.1
326.9
123.7
373.4
7,801.5
416.9
109.7
525.6
104.7
43.2
47.4
1,079.4
3,824.4
3,333.7
116.4
519.6
98.3
327.4
124.6
372.9
7,843.4
420.7
110.7
527.4
105.3
43.0
47.4
1,080.3
3,843.1
3,351.8
116.7
522.1
98.1
329.4
125.1
373.7
North Carolina
Ashevllle
Charlotte-Gastonla-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Wlnston-Salem-HIgh Point...
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
3,467.2
101.2
715.7
605.2
572.0
3,578.4
103.7
734.2
613.1
577.9
3,588.5
103.3
735.2
614.7
583.8
239.8
45.8
89.6
47.6
305.9
46.7
92.0
48.1
308.6
47.1
92.8
48.9
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
5,183.3
311.6
173.6
803.5
1,096.2
781.5
462.4
111.3
74.7
78,7
49.4
307.5
237.0
5,229.7
311.7
176.5
814.0
1,107.0
796.9
465.5
112.1
76.5
79.7
46.3
311.5
239.9
5,249.3
315.1
177.1
816.8
1,113.6
798.9
467.8
113.3
76.9
79.8
46,5
310.8
240.4
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,324.7
23.5
36.9
481.6
351.6
1,363.6
23.9
37.2
496.9
365.7
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
1,426.4
129.2
63.1
855.5
123.5
Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Cariisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wiikes-Barre-Hazieton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
5,192.4
253.9
55.3
125.5
335.8
85.5
200.3
2,171.9
671.5
1,035.6
156.7
265.9
45.7
65.3
51.7
159.5
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Construction
Mining
Total
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
3.7
.3
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
<
>
(M
' >
O
( '
(M
(M
<
'
(M
224.6
11.7
3.1
16.8
3.9
1.2
1.6
40.1
105.0
84.3
3.9
14.5
3.7
10.3
2.4
15.3
220.7
11.2
3.0
16.7
3.9
1.2
1.5
39.5
104.5
84.1
3.8
13.8
3.6
9.8
2.3
15.1
174.2
5.1
40.5
26.9
28.3
190.5
5.6
43.7
29.0
31.0
192.4
5.6
44.1
29.4
31.3
3.9
11.0
1.8
4.0
1.7
12.3
2.1
4.7
1.9
12.1
2.0
4.5
1.8
13.2
.3
.7
.7
1.0
.6
.3
189.3
11.7
7.1
36.2
38.0
30.3
15.9
5.8
3.4
2.3
1.4
14.3
8.6
188.7
11.7
7.1
36.8
38.0
30.0
16.1
5.6
3.4
2.4
1.5
13.8
8.4
3.8
.3
0)
.5
' >
O
( '
(M
<
'
(M
.3
.3
C)
.3
(M
.4
.4
<
( ''
(< ' >
' >
(')
(M
(M
3.7
3.8
C)
(M
<
'
(M
' '
(M
3.9
'1'
(r ))
3.9
<!>
(M
0)
3.7
<
'
(M
Feb.
1997P
215.5
11.5
3.0
16.5
3.5
1.1
1.6
38.3
101.8
82.9
3.5
13.6
2.8
9.9
2.2
14.6
3.8
.3
<1'
<'
Jan.
1997
<
V) '
.4
.2
.6
.4
.2
.6
.4
.2
.6
178.4
10.3
6.7
32.3
35.0
28.5
14.5
5.2
2.9
2.1
1.4
11.9
7.5
1,372.8
24.0
37.7
501.5
366.7
30.8
1.0
.1
7.0
7.4
31.0
1.0
.1
6.9
7.5
31.2
1.0
.1
7.0
7.6
48,1
1.0
1.4
17.8
13.4
49.3
1.1
1.5
18.1
13.8
50.1
1.1
1.5
18.4
13.8
1,477.6
132.5
64.2
887.9
127.6
1,486.0
133.9
65.0
894.7
127.9
1.7
.2
.1
1.0
.2
1.8
.2
.1
1.1
.3
1.8
.2
.1
1.1
.2
69.9
5.6
2.5
46.8
6.2
77.0
5.8
2.7
49.8
6.3
76.3
5.8
2.8
49.3
6.3
5,278.4
255.6
55.9
125.3
343.2
85.8
205.6
2.196.4
665.9
1,045.8
159.6
265.7
45.8
61.6
52.7
160.6
5,316.2
256.8
56.4
126.3
344.7
85.5
207.2
2,204.8
672.7
1,046.4
161.3
267.8
46.3
66.2
53.3
160.9
18.7
169.0
8.8
2.1
3.6
10.7
3.7
10.3
69.0
9.2
38.9
5.6
7.8
1.1
2.0
1.9
7.2
189.7
9.6
2.3
3.9
12.1
3.5
11.3
73.2
9.3
41.7
6.0
7.9
1.3
2.3
2.1
7.6
186.1
9.2
2.4
3.8
11.6
3.7
11.2
73.5
9.4
40.4
6.0
8.0
1.2
2.2
2.1
7.4
13.0
.3
.7
.6
.9
.6
.4
13.2
.3
.7
.7
1.0
.6
.3
O
( )
<])
<])
(M
(1)
(M
17.8
18.9
< )
'( M '
(M
(M
(M
(M
<'
.3
' '
(M
.4
O
{')
(M
3.5
0)
(])
O
(' 1 ' '
4.2
(M
.5
.4
0)
4.0
(M
.4
.4
<1'
'( M>
' >
(M
.4
(M
.4
.4
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
state and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
New York
Albany-Soheneotady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elm Ira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
916.5
38.9
24.5
90.1
17.3
9.6
8.6
110.1
315.8
261.1
12.0
127.5
11.8
48.7
20.2
41.2
900.0
38.9
25.2
88.3
17.4
9.6
8.3
108.7
302.7
249.7
11.8
126.9
12.0
49.1
19.4
39.2
905.3
38.9
25.2
88.2
17.4
9.6
8.1
109.0
309.4
256.6
11.9
126.6
11.9
48.9
19.4
39.2
397.1
15.9
4.5
25.2
3.9
1.5
1.2
48.5
227.8
202,1
6.7
17.8
5.7
17.9
3.9
19.2
402.0
16.7
4.7
25.1
3.8
1.5
1.3
47.9
230.9
204.8
6.5
17.8
6.1
18.2
4.0
19.4
401.6
16.7
4.7
24.9
3.8
1.5
1.3
47.9
230.3
204.1
6.5
17.8
6.0
18.2
4.0
195
1,567.2
88.8
23.0
125.9
19.6
10.4
10.7
272.4
657.2
548 0
30.6
107.1
21.6
76.0
26.2
83.7
1,601.7
92.1
23.1
126.6
20.1
11.1
10.9
282.2
668.1
557.1
32.5
110.8
22.8
77.8
27.1
84.0
1,588.7
90.8
23.2
125.3
19.9
10.8
10.8
276.7
665.5
555.8
31.7
109.6
22.4
77.2
26.6
83.1
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Wlnston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durtiam-Chapel Hill
850.2
20.4
148.5
166.0
81.6
841.8
20.0
145.7
165.5
81.5
840.2
19.9
145.6
165.8
82.1
164.3
4.7
52,2
31,9
25,6
168.7
4.8
52.8
32.6
25.6
169.7
4.8
52.8
32.7
25.7
783.1
24.4
172.1
138.5
118.2
810.8
25.4
176.3
140.5
121.5
807.0
25.2
176.1
140.6
121.5
21.1
2.4
7.2
3.7
21.8
2.5
7.8
4.0
21.9
2.5
7.8
3.9
18,4
3,2
5.4
2.3
18.3
3.0
5.4
2.3
18,4
3,1
5.4
2.3
77.6
11.6
25,6
13,1
79.2
11.7
26,3
13.5
78.9
11.7
26.3
13.5
1,094.8
65.4
46.2
140.2
227.1
91.7
101.1
21.2
20.0
22.4
14.3
60.4
58.9
1.083.3
63.2
46.3
142.3
218.5
91.5
100.1
21.4
19.7
23.2
11.0
60.9
59.0
1,081.7
63.8
46.3
141.1
220,7
91,2
99.9
21.3
19.9
23.1
10.9
60.7
58.8
226,7
14.7
5.5
42,4
43.8
34.9
18.S
4.5
2.8
4,1
2,8
14.4
9,7
230.7
14.5
5.6
42.9
44.4
35.7
19.1
4.5
2.9
4,3
2.8
14.0
10.0
230.7
14.5
5.5
42.7
44.1
35.8
19.0
4.6
2.9
4.3
2.7
14.0
10.0
1,261,9
76.2
42.7
210,1
258.7
211.4
106.0
31.0
17.6
17.4
10.5
76.8
59.7
1,293.7
78.8
43.8
213.1
267.1
215.8
109.0
30.8
18.6
17.9
10.6
78.5
61.7
1,284,6
78,5
43,4
212.2
265,1
213,9
107,9
30.9
18.5
17.6
10.5
77.1
61.2
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
168.2
2.0
3.7
48.7
53.9
176.4
1.9
3.7
52.4
56.1
176.6
1.9
3.7
52.8
56.3
76.3
2.1
1.8
22.9
28.6
77.3
2.0
1.8
23.9
28.7
77.6
2.1
1.7
24.0
28.8
309.0
5.9
8.7
115.3
83.0
320.4
6.1
8.6
121.3
87.2
318.7
6.0
8.9
120.4
86.3
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
227.4
19.1
9.0
140.2
15.9
234.1
20.2
8.9
141.2
16.2
234.7
20.1
8.9
142.3
16.2
71.3
4.4
3,1
49.0
3.3
72.9
4.5
3.0
50.7
3.3
73.3
4.5
3.0
50.8
3.3
349.2
32.6
18.2
209.5
26.6
365.6
34.2
19.2
223.8
27,7
361.9
34.2
19.1
222.7
27.2
Pennsylvania
Alientown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wiikes-Barre-Hazieton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
922.3
56.6
10.0
34.3
44.8
12.5
55.9
303.3
60.3
132.7
42.8
54.9
11.0
8.4
12.7
48.2
926.8
56.5
10.4
33.8
45.0
12.6
56.4
305.6
60.3
132.9
43.4
53.9
10.8
8.6
13.3
48.8
927.2
56.6
10.3
33.9
45.2
12.4
56.5
305.0
60.3
132.9
43.6
53.8
10.7
8.5
13.2
48.7
270.4
14.3
4.1
4.5
22.7
5.1
7.9
104.3
32.7
65.5
7.2
14.8
2.1
2.1
1.9
7.3
269.9
14.5
4.1
4.5
23.3
4.8
8.4
104.7
33.0
65.5
7.3
14.6
2.0
2.0
1.9
7.3
270.1
14.6
4.1
4.5
23.4
4.8
8.5
104.6
33.1
65.3
7.3
14.6
2.0
2.0
1.8
7.3
1,164.1
52.6
14.6
27.8
74.2
19.7
48.4
479.8
111.7
249.4
36.5
63.4
11.5
12.1
12.0
38.5
1,208.5
53.2
14.8
28.1
77.3
20.2
51.4
494.6
112.1
255.7
37.3
63.6
12.2
12.4
• 12.8
39.0
1,196.8
52.7
14.8
28.2
76.8
20.0
50.5
488.8
110.8
252.4
37.7
63.3
12.1
12.5
12.6
38.7
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Loraln-Elyrla
Columbus
Dayton-Sprlngfleld
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
IWansfield
Sleubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Services
Finance, insurance.
and real estate
Government
State and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
New York
Albany-Scheneotady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
713.4
25.3
3.8
27.5
4.2
1.3
2.2
77.1
500.1
468.7
5.3
23.1
4.9
17.9
7.5
25.5
717.5
25.4
3.9
28.1
4.1
1.4
2.5
77.5
504.3
471.9
5.2
23.0
4.9
17.7
7.6
26.3
718.4
25.5
3.9
28.3
4.2
1.3
2.5
77.8
504.9
472.6
5.2
23.1
4.9
17.6
7.6
26.2
2,556.5
128.5
27.4
154.7
32.0
10.6
12.8
337.9
1,377.2
1,211.4
29.8
151.0
29.7
96.0
35.5
130.4
2,588.8
124.7
28.3
154.1
32.5
11.1
13.1
344.4
1,408.7
1,241.1
30.2
149.7
29.7
95.3
36.7
131.8
2,620.7
128.5
28.5
155.9
33.0
11.1
13.3
346.9
1,421.1
1,252.1
30.5
151.8
29.9
97.4
37.1
133.0
1,399.9
110.7
22.0
88.4
22.9
7.3
10.0
181.7
617.1
534.5
27.1
79.4
19.6
60.5
28.2
58.8
1,363.1
107.0
21.4
86.6
22.8
7.3
9.7
178.6
604.6
524.5
26.3
76.5
19.1
59.1
27.4
56.8
1,384.2
108.8
22.2
88.1
23.2
7.5
10.0
182.6
607.4
526.1
27.1
79.1
19.3
60.5
28.1
57.7
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point.
Raieigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
148.3
3.0
48.2
30.2
27.2
157.4
3.2
49.2
31.7
27.6
157.8
3.1
49.1
31.8
27.7
776.7
28.4
168.8
146.4
172.6
823.4
29.9
177.2
146.1
171.4
828.3
29.6
178.4
146.5
171.8
566.7
15.2
85.4
65.3
118.5
582.0
14.8
89.3
67.7
119.3
589.2
15.1
89.1
67.9
123.7
14.0
2.3
5.5
1.5
14.6
2.3
5.7
1.5
14.6
2.3
5.9
1.5
82.3
14.5
27.2
12.8
85.1
15.1
27.7
13.0
86.3
15.4
28.2
13.1
71.7
10.0
14.7
12.5
70.7
10.0
14.4
11.9
72.4
10.1
14.7
12.8
272.5
12.4
5.7
51.6
70.5
65.9
17.3
4.3
2.0
2.9
1.4
10.6
9.2
276.8
12.5
5.7
52.0
72.0
67.8
17.7
4.3
2.1
2.7
1.4
11.0
9.2
277.8
12.5
5.7
52.0
72.7
67.9
17.6
4.3
2.1
2.7
1.4
10.9
9.3
1,370.4
84.0
46.5
222.9
315.9
213.6
130.0
24.7
19.1
19.2
12.4
85.1
60.2
1,391.0
84.5
48.5
226.3
324.1
220.0
132.3
24.9
19.7
19.2
12.6
85.7
60.5
1,404.2
85.3
48.8
228.5
327.8
222.6
134.2
25.0
19.8
19.4
12.9
86.0
61.0
765.8
48.3
19.6
103.4
144.3
134.9
74.3
20.4
10.3
10.6
6.2
48.1
31.2
751.7
46.2
18.8
100.5
141.9
135.2
71.1
20.4
10.1
10.1
6.1
46.9
30.3
768.4
48.5
19.6
102.8
144.2
136.9
72.8
21.6
10.3
10.3
6.2
48.1
31.1
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
65.7
1.0
1.7
26.7
19.5
67.9
1.0
1.7
27.5
20.0
68.2
1.0
1.8
27.6
20.1
352.4
6.3
7.9
140.1
104.0
369.4
6.6
8.1
145.4
110.2
374.5
6.6
8.2
148.0
111.5
274.2
4.2
11.6
103.1
41.8
271.9
4.2
11.7
101.4
42.2
275.9
4.3
11.8
103.3
42.3
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield ...
Medford-Ashland
88.1
6.9
3.0
61.3
6.3
92.5
7.0
3.0
65.0
6.5
92.7
7.0
3.0
65.5
6.5
369.9
34.6
16.5
232.5
29.3
384.6
35.3
17.4
241.5
30.4
391.5
35.8
17.7
246.6
30.8
248.9
25.8
10.7
114.7
35.7
249.1
25.3
9.9
114.8
36.9
253.8
26.3
10.4
116.4
37.4
302.9
13.5
1.9
5.6
24.3
4.4
8.8
152.6
53.6
60.7
8.9
13.2
1.4
1.8
2.3
5.0
309.6
13.1
1.9
5.4
25.1
4.6
8.9
154.2
53.8
60.8
9.1
14.0
1.4
2.1
2.2
4.8
308.8
13.1
1.9
5.4
25.2
4.5
8.9
153.1
53.2
60.6
9.0
14.2
1.4
2.1
2.2
4.8
1,611.4
77.9
14.4
34.2
87.4
26.1
49.8
756.3
275.8
358.2
36.7
75.5
13.0
13.3
13.8
37.1
1,639.0
78.0
14.6
34.5
88.6
26.2
51.2
765.4
272.8
363.4
38.0
76.2
12.7
13.3
13.4
36.5
1,670.3
79.8
14.9
35.1
90.1
26.4
52.1
776.2
280.2
365.7
38.4
78.0
13.4
13.4
14.3
37.2
734.5
30.2
8.2
15.5
71.7
14.0
18.9
306.6
128.2
126.7
19.0
35.8
5.6
25.6
7.1
15.8
716.0
30.7
7.8
15.1
71.8
13.9
17.6
298.7
124.6
121.6
18.5
35.1
5.4
20.9
7.0
16.2
738.2
30.8
8.0
15.4
72.4
13.7
19.1
303.6
125.7
125.1
19.3
35.5
5.5
25.5
7.1
16.4
North Dakota
Bisnnarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Portland-Vancouver..
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethiehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wiikes-Barre-Hazieton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
430.0
487.9
435.0
485.8
436.3
486.2
1,639.8
207.2
266.4
440.B
1,654.6
210.1
271.1
448.7
1,666.0
211.5
273.8
450.8
338.4
43.5
96.4
343.6
45.3
98.1
345.2
45.6
98.4
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Klngsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
2,484.4
214.2
192.6
303.5
535.8
596.9
2,514.0
215.5
193.0
307.3
542.0
605.9
2,525.9
215.5
193.8
309.3
545.5
608.2
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur..
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito .
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Uredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
8,080.3
52.8
91.0
531.2
149.5
71.5
92.6
64.3
145.5
1,616.5
232.6
663.8
87.5
1,779.8
92.8
55.5
83.5
108.5
126.7
95.7
41.7
624.3
40.4
49.4
71.5
33.1
91.7
57.8
8,256.5
54.2
92.3
537.2
151.2
72.3
94.2
63.3
151.5
1,668.2
236.5
680.1
85.9
1,805.7
94.5
56.9
85.2
109.5
129.6
96.7
42.1
629.3
41.8
50.0
73.6
33.3
93.5
58.5
8,322.7
54.3
93.2
544.1
151.7
72.9
95.1
66.2
152.7
1,681.7
237.9
685.0
86.2
1,820.5
95.0
57.5
85.6
111.0
130.3
97.3
42.5
633.8
41.9
50.0
74.3
33.7
94.1
58.5
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
928.0
127.9
625.0
959.7
131.2
648.1
966.6
133.1
652.3
0 )
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier.
Burlington
273.4
30.1
94.5
274.8
30.1
95.7
278.2
30.2
97.4
(!)
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
3,053.6
36.8
77.2
44.0
94.8
623.1
926.7
497.9
137.3
3,142.3
36.6
77.1
45.1
95.3
649.3
965.2
502.9
141.0
3,152.9
37.0
79.4
45.1
97.0
650.6
968.6
504.9
140.4
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
2,337.8
1,190.0
174.8
216.1
2,408.2
1,240.7
177.1
225.5
2,421.4
1,250.0
177.7
225.9
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall Rlver-Wanwlck
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson ..
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
.1
.1
.1
.1
1.8
1.8
(M
(M
(M
12.3
12.0
12.1
11.7
1.8
88.3
13.1
13.1
27.1
93.7
13.6
14.4
28.4
94.2
13.8
14.5
28.6
2.2
11.7
2.4
3.8
12.4
2.4
3.7
12.2
2.4
3.7
4.4
102.7
8.7
8.8
15.7
21.1
27.6
107.7
9.6
9.0
17.9
22.8
28.5
108.3
9.7
9.2
18.0
23.1
28.8
415.7
2.0
4.3
26.3
12.3
8.7
2.9
2.5
10.9
70.4
10.2
30.6
5.5
122.5
3.7
2.3
3.6
4.0
6.1
5.2
1.9
30.8
1.7
2.0
2.3
1.8
3.9
2.1
428.4
2.1
4.2
25.7
12.8
8.3
3.1
2.6
12.5
71.7
11.2
32.3
4.3
124.3
3.7
2.1
3.7
3.9
6.6
5.5
1.8
32.3
1.8
2.1
2.7
2.1
4.2
2.2
441.6
2.1
4.3
26.0
13.2
8.5
3.2
2.7
12.6
74.7
11.4
33.1
4.4
126.6
3.9
2.2
3.8
4.0
6.7
5.6
1.8
32.5
1.8
2.1
2.7
2.1
4.3
2.2
53.8
9.7
34.3
56.3
8.2
37.6
56.3
8.3
38.1
.4
9.6
.9
3.8
11.4
1.2
4.5
10.7
1.2
4.0
10.6
160.9
1.2
3.8
2.0
5.3
37.4
47.3
28.7
7.2
172.7
1.5
4.1
2.2
5.7
40.6
51.4
30.1
7.8
172.1
1.5
4.2
2.2
5.8
40.8
51.5
30.0
7.9
112.5
55.6
8.4
11.2
119.6
60.7
8.6
11.7
120.0
61.0
8.3
11.7
(M
(M
4.5
4.4
(M
(M
.5
.5
(M
(M
.5
(M
(M
154.1
1.3
.7
1.1
.7
1.3
C)
.7
2.3
11.7
(M
4.2
.9
64.2
(M
159.2
1.4
.6
1.2
.7
1.4
(M
(M
0 )
4.5
.8
66.1
(M
3.0
3.2
.1
.9
11.8
.6
1.8
(M
(M
1.4
1.3
1.2
3.4
3.2
.1
1.0
11.7
.7
1.9
(M
(')
1.5
1.5
(M
1.1
1.6
1.5
0 )
1.1
7.9
(M
3.0
7.8
(M
.4
3.0
(M
(M
0 )
10.9
4.5
.8
66.1
(M
(M
(M
.4
(M
.7
2.2
11.4
3.3
3.2
.1
1.0
11.7
.7
1.9
7.7
3.0
159.8
1.4
.6
1.2
.7
1.4
(M
.7
2.2
11.4
10.6
(M
(M
<
( )'
<
)
(M
.6
<
'
(M
<
'
(M
<
'
(M
0 )
C)
.6
.8
.7
(M
(M
3,1
.6
(M
.2
.7
.8
(M
3.3
.7
(M
3.3
.7
(M
.2
Feb.
1997P
11.1
12.0
2.2
(M
Jan.
1997
.1
.1
(M
(M
(M
2.1
(M
Feb.
1996
.2
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
state and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Wara/lok
83.0
105.5
81.2
103.0
80.7
102.1
14.4
16.9
14.7
16.9
14.6
16.7
92.4
110.1
96.1
111.1
96.1
111.0
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenvllls-Spartanburg-Anderson
369.3
20.3
25.6
126.2
360.2
20.7
24.9
124.3
360.3
20.5
25.0
124.1
71.5
10.6
11.9
19.5
73.1
10.7
12.5
19.5
73.3
10.7
12.5
19.7
381.3
52.2
60.9
109.1
389.2
52.8
63.3
113.4
389.7
52.8
63.4
113.3
47.0
4.4
13.4
48.2
4.2
13.3
48.5
4.2
13.4
16.0
1.9
6.1
16.4
2.0
6.3
16.3
2.1
6.3
84.7
13.0
25.2
85.3
13.6
25.4
85.5
13.7
25.3
523.4
43.5
54.3
47.7
62.7
97.2
518.2
43.6
53.4
48.0
62.3
95.2
519.4
43.5
53.3
48.1
62.6
95.4
141.4
8.2
7.8
13.5
59.0
31.9
140.8
8.2
7.8
14.1
60.6
31.4
141.4
8.2
7.8
14.1
61.0
31.6
576.2
51.0
42.9
78.2
136.6
143.7
592.4
51.7
43.3
78.4
140.3
146.8
590.3
51.2
43.2
78.8
140.5
146.7
1,041.6
3.0
9.7
72.7
24.0
16.4
12.5
3.5
13.5
232.8
44.7
105.1
7.9
195.0
9.8
1.5
17.9
7.4
13.5
6.7
5.3
49.0
10.0
6.1
11.8
3.1
16.7
8.2
1,056.1
3.2
9.2
72.5
24.2
16.7
12.6
3.6
13.5
236.4
43.9
105.9
7.9
199.5
9.8
1.4
18.8
7.4
13.2
7.0
5.4
49.1
10.2
5.9
11.0
3.1
16.5
8.2
1,059.5
3.2
9.3
72.8
24.3
16.7
12.7
3.5
13.6
237.5
43.6
106.3
7.9
200.7
9.7
1.4
18.8
7.4
13.0
7.0
5.4
49.4
10.2
5.9
11.3
3.1
16.6
8,1
481.1
2.6
5.6
17.0
8.4
2.8
4.1
1.3
6.5
104.9
12.9
63.9
4.6
123.2
3.3
8.2
3.9
5.7
4.5
4.1
2.3
30.0
1.5
2.2
3.3
1.5
3.8
2.8
489.5
2.7
5.6
17.9
8.0
2.8
4.1
1.3
6.2
113.7
13.0
62.1
4.0
125.6
3.4
8.9
3.8
5.9
4.5
4.0
2.1
30.8
1.5
2.2
3.5
1.4
3.6
2.8
490.4
2.5
5.6
17.9
8.0
2.9
4.1
1.3
6.3
114.4
13.0
62.2
4.0
125.6
3.4
8.9
3.8
5.9
4.6
4.0
2.1
30.9
1.5
2.2
3.5
1.4
3.5
2.8
1,933.2
14.1
25.1
111.4
34.7
13.6
23.4
14.1
33.8
402.9
55.4
168.0
18.3
413.3
21.7
15.0
20.9
30.9
35.2
25.5
10.2
153.7
9.1
12.7
18.3
9.1
20.8
13.4
1,993.9
14.2
26.3
115.1
35.5
14.0
23.6
14.1
34.8
418.2
56.7
173.2
18.0
421.6
22.4
15.4
21.7
31.3
35.6
25.8
10.1
155.2
9.3
13.1
18.8
9.3
21.5
13.6
1,992.6
14.2
26.3
116.0
35.2
14.0
23.7
14.4
34.9
417.9
56.6
172.9
17.9
421.6
22.3
15.4
21.7
31.5
35.9
25.9
10.1
154.8
9.2
13.0
18.8
9.3
21.3
13.6
127.9
18.4
80.9
129.8
19.5
81.0
129.9
19.5
SI .4
52.2
2.2
40.9
54.8
2.3
42.5
55.1
2.3
42.7
221.3
27.9
152.1
230.8
29.0
159.8
230.2
29.3
159.3
45.2
3.5
17.4
45.6
3.3
17.9
46.0
3.3
17.9
12.0
1.1
4.5
12.2
1.1
4.5
12.1
1.1
4.5
62.9
6.4
21.3
64.7
6.8
21.5
63.8
6.6
21.4
Virginia
Bristol
Chariottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
398.0
10.7
7.9
16.0
2S.5
66.3
39.7
59.7
19.7
397.0
10.0
8.1
15.8
25.3
67.1
41.5
59.5
19.4
396.9
10.1
8.1
15.8
25.1
66.8
41.6
59.5
19.0
158.3
1.2
2.3
1.0
3.6
30.9
56.2
26.0
8.4
163.4
1.3
2.3
1.1
3.5
32.5
58.8
26.5
8.5
164.4
1.3
2.3
1.1
3.6
32.6
59.2
26.6
8.4
686.9
9.7
15.5
9.4
21.0
144.7
205.8
117.7
35.9
716.3
9.5
15.7
9.7
21.4
153.9
214.4
120.2
38.0
708.7
9.6
16.0
9.6
21.4
152.3
212.1
119.4
37,9
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
331.3
189.1
21.4
22.7
352.3
206.8
21.5
26.3
354.1
208.0
21.7
26.7
118.7
71.9
7.8
9.8
122.3
74.3
8.0
10.0
122.5
74.3
8.0
9.7
566.8
285.0
44.3
53.8
584.5
293.5
44.4
55.4
580.4
294.1
43.8
55.0
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Klngsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsviile-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Burlington
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Wanwick
24.8
26.8
25.4
27.7
25.5
27.9
142.0
152.1
142.6
150.7
143.8
151.7
62.2
64.4
62.6
64.3
63.4
65.0
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson .
70.2
8.2
19.6
15.0
72.1
8.3
19.4
15.3
72.3
8.3
19.5
15.4
358.0
53.4
62.9
88.4
364.1
55.3
66.7
93.1
368.9
55.9
67.7
94.4
299.4
49.4
72.4
55.5
300.4
48.7
69.9
54.7
305.5
49.5
71.2
55.3
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
19.2
1.6
10.3
20.1
1.7
11.0
20.1
1.7
11.0
86.4
12.9
28.0
88.1
13.9
28.8
88.9
14.0
29.2
71.3
7.3
9.6
70.9
7.5
9.6
71.5
7.5
9.5
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristo
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
115.0
13.9
5.7
12.6
27.8
36.0
118.1
14.4
5.7
13.2
28.6
37.3
118.3
14.4
5.7
13.2
28.7
37.2
636.4
52.6
44.9
79.8
148.5
181.5
648.7
52.9
45.1
79.8
148.9
188.9
653.9
53.0
45.4
80.7
149.9
190.0
384.8
36.3
28.2
55.5
80.1
79.0
383.7
35.1
28.7
55.4
78.5
77.8
389.9
35.5
29.2
55.9
79.7
78.5
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christ!
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission...
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
436.6
1.9
4.4
28.3
4.7
1.8
3.5
2.3
6.4
128.7
8.7
29.9
5.3
94.5
3.9
2.1
2.9
5.0
4.4
3.5
1.7
42.3
2.0
1.7
3.8
1.6
5.5
2.2
445.6
2.0
4.7
28.9
4.8
1.8
3.6
2.4
6.3
130.6
8.7
31.2
5.4
95.1
4.0
2.1
3.0
5.3
4.7
3.4
1.6
42.2
2.0
1.7
3.8
1.7
5.6
2.2
445.7
2.2
4.7
29.0
4.9
1.8
3.5
2.4
6.3
130.8
8.7
31.5
5.4
95.1
4.0
2.1
3.0
5.3
4.6
3.4
1.6
42.2
2.0
1.7
3.8
1.7
5.7
2.2
2,150.6
18.0
22.9
146.1
38.9
13.3
24.0
13.2
40.8
473.1
51.0
172.8
16.9
518.7
24.1
9.5
19.5
30.8
26.9
21.5
11.1
184.1
10.7
12.9
19.7
8.6
26.1
15.3
2,222.1
18.6
25.2
150.1
39.2
13.6
25.4
13.7
45.1
493.4
52.0
179.8
17.1
528.0
24.9
9.8
19.5
31.1
27.9
22.3
11.6
186.3
11.4
13.4
21.4
8.3
27.2
15.8
2,243.7
18.7
25.4
151.8
39.4
13.5
25.6
13.8
45.5
500.0
52.4
182.2
17.1
533.4
25.3
9.9
19.7
31.5
28.1
22.3
11.9
188.8
11.5
13.4
21.5
8.5
27.6
15.7
1,467.4
9.9
18.3
128.3
25.8
13.6
22.2
26.7
31.3
192.0
49.7
89.3
28.1
248.4
26.3
13.9
11.6
24.6
35.2
17.4
8.6
132.6
5.4
11.8
10.9
6.1
14.9
12.6
1,461.7
10.0
16.5
125.8
26.0
13.7
21.8
24.9
30.9
192.8
51.0
91.1
28.4
245.5
26.3
13.9
11.5
24.5
36.1
17.0
8.8
131.5
5.6
11.6
10.9
5.9
14.9
12.6
1,489.4
10.0
17.0
129.4
26.0
14.1
22.3
27.4
31.3
195.0
52.2
92.3
28.7
251.4
26.4
14.2
11.6
25.3
36.4
17.4
8.9
133.3
5.7
11.7
11.1
6.1
15.1
12.8
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
49.5
3.5
40.6
50.9
3.8
42.1
51.3
3.8
42.3
246.7
48.5
163.9
260.3
50.3
174.9
264.6
51.6
176.3
168.9
17.7
109.3
168.9
18.1
107.2
171.4
18.3
109.2
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
12.0
2.5
4.5
12.3
2.6
4.8
12.3
2.6
4.9
84.2
8.3
27.4
83.4
8.4
28.1
85.4
8.5
28.4
47.1
7.4
15.6
44.8
6.7
14.4
47.5
6.9
16.3
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg .
Roanoke
159.2
1.1
3.8
1.3
4.1
28.7
52.4
42.3
9.1
162.6
1.1
3.8
1.4
4.1
30.0
52.1
43.1
8.9
162.7
1.1
3.8
1.4
4.1
30.1
52.1
43.2
9.0
879.1
7.6
184
8.4
22.7
178.1
347.8
125.6
39.6
915.5
7.7
18.7
8.9
22.5
186.8
369.2
124.8
40.9
926.2
7.8
19.2
9.0
24.1
188.2
372.6
126.6
40.8
600.3
5.3
25.5
5.9
12.6
137.0
176.9
97.2
17.4
604.2
5.5
24.4
6.0
12.8
138.4
177.2
97.9
17.5
611.3
5.6
25.8
6.0
12.9
139.8
178.8
98.8
17.4
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
121.8
73.6
10.1
11.2
124.0
74.7
10.6
11.3
124.8
74.5
10.7
11.3
629.3
335.9
52.2
60.6
646.9
355.1
53.3
62.6
654.9
360.2
54.0
63.2
454.3
178.3
30.6
46.6
455.3
174.9
30.7
48.0
461.4
177.2
31.2
48.1
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
Feb.
1996
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marletta
Wheeling
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Feb.
1997P
1.2
.3
1.5
24.5
2.0
1.6
.4
1.6
24.3
1.8
1.6
.4
1.6
27.6
5.5
5.0
3.4
1.7
29.4
5.8
5.5
4.1
1.8
29.5
5.6
5.8
3.9
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.9
84.5
8.7
2.0
5.4
2.2
1.9
2.0
9.8
24.7
2.3
2.0
2.1
95.0
10.5
2.3
6.0
2.3
2.0
2.2
11.0
26.6
2.6
2.3
2.4
93.1
10.3
2.2
5.9
2.2
1.8
2.1
10.9
26.1
2.5
2.2
2.3
15.3
1.7
15.4
15.3
1.7
11.1
1.4
12.1
1.4
11.5
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
' >
)
)
)
52.4
2.3
3.5
4.4
37.4
55.6
3.8
3.4
4.7
38.5
58.2
3.8
3.5
5.1
40.3
(M
(M
2.1
2.1
2.1
2,572.0
187.9
67.3
129.9
65.7
48.0
66.3
260.5
810.5
78.8
58.6
61.3
2,579.5
187.6
68.8
129.0
65.4
48.3
66.8
263.0
808.7
78.7
58.2
61.5
Wyoming
Casper
210.6
28.5
213.0
29.3
212.2
29.2
Pusrto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
941.7
60.3
67.8
73.1
592.0
9S8.4
63.5
67.7
73.4
605.2
962.7
62.5
67.5
74.0
608.8
< '
(M
40.2
41.6
41.9
(M
Jan.
1997
1.8
2,519.8
183.3
66.4
1273
66.0
48.6
65.6
254.3
798.0
77.8
57.2
59.5
See footnotes at end of table.
Feb.
1996
118.6
686.5
127.1
117.8
67.7
64.1
Virgin iilinda
Feb.
1997P
127.1
675.2
123.4
116.3
66.1
61.4
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Jan.
1997
25.9
67.1
64.5
0)
1.8
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
Feb.
1996
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parksrsburg-Marletta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
l a Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
81.5
9.7
17.7
13.2
6.1
81.1
9.9
17.3
13.0
6.0
80.6
9.9
17.3
12.6
6.0
39.1
9.1
7.0
2.6
3.2
37.9
9.5
6.7
2.8
2.8
38.2
9.4
6.8
2.8
2.9
153.0
30.3
30.1
16.6
15.3
157.6
31.3
30.6
17.3
16.6
156.5
31.0
30.4
17.2
16.5
592.5
57.8
10.9
27.3
20.9
11.2
11.1
28.4
174.9
25.3
23.8
16.5
593.1
58.3
11.2
27.5
21.1
11.0
11.2
28.0
174.9
25.0
23.7
16.8
592.8
58.3
11.4
27.3
21.0
11.1
11.3
28.1
174.9
25.1
23.5
16.9
117.7
7.2
3.4
9.0
2.4
1.8
2.8
8.5
38.5
2.8
1.8
3.3
119.5
7.4
3.4
9.3
2.4
1.6
2.9
8.7
38.4
3.0
1.7
3.3
119.4
7.3
3.3
9.3
2.4
1.7
2.9
8.7
38.3
3.0
1.7
3.3
571.8
38.3
18.3
29.8
15.3
12.7
18.8
54.8
174.1
15.8
10.4
14.5
5879
39.7
18.4
31.3
14.9
12.5
19.4
56.3
175.9
16.3
11.1
15.2
583.1
39.2
18.6
30.4
14.6
12.3
19.5
S5.8
173.4
16.1
10.9
15.1
10.4
1.5
10.7
1.5
10.5
1.5
13.6
1.5
13.4
1.7
13.3
1.6
49.1
8.1
49.4
8.4
49.1
8.3
153.7
15.6
19.1
10.8
70.8
150.1
16.0
18.7
10.3
69.5
151.7
16.2
18.4
10.5
70.2
23.8
.8
.6
2.2
18.0
24.2
.7
.7
2.5
18.2
24.4
.8
.7
2.5
18.5
188.0
13.3
11.0
12.9
124.4
195.6
14.1
11.4
12.8
130.1
192.0
13.5
11.2
12.5
128.2
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
9.2
9.6
9.6
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
Feb.
1996
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkarsburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
lacrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
^ Combined with construction.
^ Not avaiiable.
P = preiiminary.
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
26.5
6.8
3.7
2.3
2.6
27.1
7.1
37
2.5
2.7
27.2
7.1
3.7
2.6
2.7
185.4
37.2
30.9
17.1
20.8
191.8
38.9
32.0
17.3
22.2
192.3
39.1
32.2
17.3
22.6
136.2
23.0
20.7
10.6
10.2
137.1
22.6
20.4
10.3
10.4
140.0
23.2
20.B
10.3
10.3
136.2
9.0
2.3
9.9
1.8
1.6
2.6
19.9
55.8
2.3
2.3
4.6
139.1
9.2
2.4
10.0
1.7
1.5
2.7
19.8
57.2
2.3
2.3
4.7
139.2
9.1
2.4
9.8
1.7
1.5
2.8
19.7
57.1
2.3
2.4
4.7
630.9
40.2
17.4
29.9
15.0
12.1
18.3
63.2
240.9
19.7
10.8
11.3
654.6
40.9
18.9
30.4
14.7
12.1
18.5
66.1
248.7
20.5
11.2
11.8
659.0
40.9
19.0
30.9
14.7
12.3
18.8
66.9
249.2
20.3
11.2
11.8
384.5
22.0
12.1
15.8
8.4
7.4
9.9
69.6
89.1
9.5
6.1
7.2
380.8
22.0
10.8
15.4
8.6
7.3
9.3
70.6
88.7
9.1
6.3
7.1
391.0
22.5
11.9
15.5
8.7
7.5
9.4
72.9
89.7
9.4
6.4
7.3
7.8
1.1
7.8
1.2
7.8
1.2
44.2
7.7
44.6
8.0
44.8
8.1
59.1
5.5
59.6
5.3
59.9
5.3
43.9
1.6
2.0
2.3
34.1
44.1
1.7
2.1
2.2
34.6
44.4
1.7
2.1
2.2
34.8
175.9
10.2
10.8
14.8
122.2
179.1
10.3
10.2
14.7
125.4
182.5
10.2
10.5
15.1
127.1
303.0
16.5
20.8
25.7
184.6
308.7
16.9
21.2
26.2
188.4
308.5
16.3
21.1
26.1
189.2
1.8
1.8
1.8
8.8
10.1
10.3
13.7
13.5
13.6
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually In the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1996 benchmarks.
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997'
Mar.
1997"
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
Total private
34.1
34.2
33.9
34.5
34.6
-
-
-
-
-
Goods-producing
40.7
40.6
40.4
40.7
41.2
-
-
-
-
-
45.1
45.0
44.2
45.7
45.8
-
-
-
-
-
Mining
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
44.6
47.4
44.9
44.0
45.6
45.1
45.0
47.5
45.7
45.2
46.8
46.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
12
122
47.0
47.2
46.8
47.0
46.6
46.7
47.0
47.1
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services
13
131
138
44.5
41.6
46.3
44.2
41.2
46.0
43.8
44.3
43.5
45.6
43.3
46.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
14
142
44.9
45.4
46.3
47.6
42.3
41.4
45.1
46.2
-
-
-
-
-
38.1
38.1
36.3
37.4
38.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Construction
-
-
-
-
-
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
15
152
153
154
38.1
36.3
39.9
39.7
37.8
36.1
40.1
39.5
36.1
35.0
36.9
37.3
37.4
36.5
37.6
38.3
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
16
161
162
41.2
40.5
41.4
41.5
41.1
41.6
38.3
35.7
39.2
39.6
37.5
40.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
37.5
39.2
35.1
39.3
35.1
34.9
33.0
37.4
39.0
36.5
39.4
35.0
35.3
33.0
36.0
38.5
34.6
39.1
32.7
33.7
29.6
37.0
38.5
35.6
39.3
34.4
35.2
31.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
41.3
42.1
39.8
39.7
41.5
41.9
40.1
39.2
38.5
38.0
42.4
42.4
38.8
38.1
38.5
40.1
41.3
42.0
40.4 1
40.5
41.6
42.0
40.1
40.2
39.8
39.6
42.1
42.4
38.7
39.2
39.4
40.0
41.5
42.2
39.6
39.2
41.2
41.3
40.9
39.9
39.3
38.7
43.1
44.0
38.1
35.8
35.5
40.0
41.6
42.4
40.2
40.5
42.4
42.8
40.7
40.0
38.9
38.5
42.6
45.1
38.3
36.5
36.2
40.2
42.0
42.9
40.6
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
38.5
38.2
37.8
37.7
42.6
37.5
38.4
39.1
40.9
35.3
39.0
38.7
38.5
38.2
42.1
37.4
38.6
40.6
41.1
35.4
39.3
38.3
38.3
37.8
41.3
38.5
41.3
39.6
41.8
38.8
38.8
37.9
37.7
37.7
39.4
38.4
40.0
39.9
41.1
38.5
39.8
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4.7
5.1
"
-
-
-
•
4.2
4.5
3.7
5.3
4.7
5.1
3.3
3.1
2.3
2.4
5.1
5.5
3.4
2.7
2.9
3.2
4.1
4.4
3.9
5.2
4.8
5.2
3.1
3.5
2.7
3.3
4.7
5.7
3.3
2.9
3.1
3.1
4.5
4.8
3.6
4.8
4.7
5.1
3.5
3.4
2.4
3.2
5.7
5.6
2.9
1.6
1.4
3.1
4.5
4.8
3.8
5.2
5.2
5.6
3.6
3.4
2.4
2.9
5.5
6.0
3.1
1.7
1.6
3.0
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.3
4.7
2.0
2.1
2.7
3.2
1.8
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.2
4.4
2.1
2.2
3.5
3.6
2.0
3.0
2.6
2.5
2.0
4.6
3.3
3.4
4.2
3.7
2.7
2.7
2.4
2.3
2.0
3.8
2.8
2.8
3.6
3.6
2.5
-
-
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Goods-producing
Mining
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
10
101
102
13.18
13.17
13.67
13.67
13.74
536.43
534.70
552.27
556.37
566.09
15.62
15.51
16.16
16.04
15.97
704.46
697.95
714.27
733.03
731.43
16.94
18.30
15.30
17.17
18.60
15.42
17.54
18.33
16.06
17.70
18.68
15.94
_
755.52
867.42
686.97
755.48
848.16
695.44
789.30
870.68
733.94
800.04
874.22
744.40
_
_
881.72
896.80
876.56
892.06
894.72
910.18
905.69
921.75
_
660.38
801.22
576.90
646.20
787.74
561.20
678.46
900.62
558.98
696.77
893.28
590.62
_
605.25
577.94
629.22
611.18
586.70
538.20
626.89
604.30
_
576.83
576.45
569.91
585.31
554.74
489.32
568.58
615.75
550.75
486.99
571.02
613.04
540.78
481.25
534.68
600.53
561.75
507.72
561.74
613.95
_
589.16
571.46
594.50
593.45
572.52
600.29
573.35
532.29
587.61
597.56
555.75
611.35
_
582.75
625.63
494.21
658.28
541.94
525.25
435.93
580.82
624.00
499.84
662.71
543.20
531.97
438.90
579.96
630.25
492.70
678.39
522.87
525.38
411.14
591.63
630.63
506.94
681.46
541.46
545.25
431.00
_
519.14
552.77
407.15
455.76
432.85
452.94
358.90
400.62
396.17
372.40
382.87
525.34
304.58
399.67
411.18
395.39
517.90
548.10
415.72
474.26
436.80
456.54
362.10
412.85
415.11
388.08
379.32
524.06
305.34
408.46
417.64
396.00
541.16
574.34
418.97
466.09
443.72
461.73
376.28
426.13
421.30
399.38
404.28
574.64
312.04
374.47
376.30
406.00
542.05
576.22
425.32
486.41
458.34
479.36
376.88
425.60
414.67
395.78
402.57
580.89
317.51
380.33
383.00
406.02
549.78
584.73
429.55
383.08
360.99
339.82
386.43
389.36
365.25
412.80
410.16
445.40
352.29
390.00
367.65
350.74
391.55
381.43
367.27
417.65
428.33
451.69
351.88
407.93
377.64
360.02
399.55
389.87
406.56
471.23
441.54
462.73
403.91
401.19
371.04
354.00
393.21
362.48
404.35
452.80
444.49
461.55
396.94
414.32
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
12
122
18.76
19.00
18.73
18.98
19.20
19.49
19.27
19.57
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services
13
131
138
14.84
19.26
12.46
14.62
19.12
12.20
15.49
20.33
12.85
15.28
20.63
12.62
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Mar.
1997'
$11.69 $11.69 $12.12 $12.14 $12.17 $398.63 $399.80 $410.87 $418.83 $421.08
Total private
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
-
-
-
_
13.48
12.73
13.59
12.84
13.87
13.00
13.90
13.08
15.14
15.13
15.70
15.65
15
152
153
154
14.56
13.48
14.25
15.51
14.57
13.49
14.24
15.52
14.98
13.75
14.49
16.10
15.02
13.91
14.94
16.03
16
161
162
14.30
14.11
14.36
14.30
13.93
14.43
14.97
14.91
14.99
15.09
14.82
15.17
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
15.54
15.96
14.08
16.75
15.44
15.05
13.21
15.53
16.00
14.08
16.82
15.52
15.07
13.30
16.11
16.37
14.24
17.35
15.99
15.59
13.89
15.99
16.38
14.24
17.34
15.74
15.49
13.77
_
_
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
12.57
13.13
10.23
11.48
10.43
10.81
8.95
10.22
10.29
9.80
9.03
12.39
7.85
10.49
10.68
9.86
12.54
13.05
10.29
11.71
10.50
10.87
9.03
10.27
10.43
9.80
9.01
12.36
7.89
10.42
10.60
9.90
13.04
13.61
10.58
11.89
10.77
11.18
9.20
10.68
10.72
10.32
9.38
13.06
8.19
10.46
10.60
10.15
13.03
13.59
10.58
12.01
10.81
11.20
9.26
10.64
10.66
10.28
9.45
12.88
8.29
10.42
10.58
10.10
13.09
13.63
10.58
10.38
9.86
9.40
10.57
9.44
10.56
11.41
11.15
11.07
10.41
10.34
9.79
9.39
10.43
9.20
10.53
11.32
11.14
11.23
10.31
10.41
14
142
-
-
-
-
Crushed and brol^en stone
15.72
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
9.95
9.45
8.99
10.25
9.14
9.74
10.75
10.49
10.89
9.98
10.00
9.50
9.11
10.25
9.06
9.82
10.82
10.55
10.99
9.94
-
-
-
_
-
-
602 08
-
-
-
-
-
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nec
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete products, nec
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile Iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries nec
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonfeffous roiling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nnnfarrnufi wire drawlnci and Insulatina
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
1987
SIC
Code
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997'
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
42.4
44.9
43.1
43.8
42.5
40.5
46.3
41.4
41.6
42.4
44.3
42.9
40.8
43.1
41.2
41.5
42.7
45.5
43.2
43.9
42.7
41.3
45.6
41.1
41.6
43.0
45.1
43.3
41.5
42.8
40.9
43.7
40.9
43.8
42.4
43.8
41.4
41.2
46.3
41.4
40.7
38.8
43.1
40.5
35.5
42.7
43.4
47.1
42.1
45.7
42.4
43.7
41.5
41.5
46.4
41.7
41.4
41.6
44.1
42.0
39.8
42.6
42.1
45.5
42.7
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
44.1
44.6
45.1
43.6
43.9
44.1
46.8
42.5
43.4
43.1
44.8
45.3
46.6
43.9
42.6
42.2
43.8
44.3
44.9
42.7
43.5
43.4
43.7
43.5
43.8
43.5
44.6
44.7
46.9
43.3
41.9
42.0
44.5
44.7
45.2
43.8
45.6
46.4
44.8
43.1
43.5
43.0
44.7
43.4
46.5
44.4
43.1
42.2
44.6
44.6
44.9
44.5
45.8
46.3
45.4
44.2
43.7
43.2
44.8
44.7
47.1
44.6
43.6
43.7
45.1
45.2
42.0
41.8
42.4
41.7
42.0
41.3
40.6
41.8
39.7
41.3
42.5
38.5
43.3
41.1
40.1
43.4
42.1
45.0
43.5
44.0
44.6
41.2
41.4
40.9
42.2
41.0
40.3
41.7
42.0
40.3
41.9
41.9
42.4
41.6
41.6
41.1
40.4
41.4
40.2
41.8
42.9
40.4
43.3
41.1
40.5
43.1
42.2
44.1
42.6
43.2
42.8
41.7
41.3
40.7
42.3
42.4
42.7
41.6
41.5
40.3
42.1
42.1
42.3
42.6
42.5
42.5
41.5
42.4
40.4
41.0
42.0
38.2
42.9
40.8
40.3
43.7
42.7
44.8
43.8
45.1
44.6
41.8
41.6
41.4
41.8
40.1
41.3
42.2
42.6
41.0
42.3
42.6
42.8
41.7
41.7
41.6
41.4
41.7
39.6
41.4
42.4
38.9
43.7
40.8
40.9
44.3
43.1
45.6
43.8
45.9
44.5
41.9
41.7
41.4
42.2
40.6
41.1
42.3
42.2
40.4
42.6
336
3365
34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws ... 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nec
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Boits, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forglngs and stampings
3462
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nec
347
Metal senrices, nec
3471
Platinn nnri Dolishinn
3479
Metai coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nec
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nec
349
Misc fabricated metal oroducts
3494
Valves and pipe fittings, nec
3496
Misc fabricated wire products
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
_
-
-
_
_
_
-
_
-
-
_
-
-
_
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
5.1
6.9
4.5
5.4
3.8
3.5
6.7
4.1
4.4
6.1
6.0
5.5
6.1
4.7
3.7
4.6
5.2
7.1
4.4
5.3
3.6
3.4
5.9
4.0
4.6
6.5
7.0
5.8
6.5
4.8
3.7
5.1
4.6
6.5
4.6
5.9
3.7
3.8
6.8
4.6
4.4
4.4
5.3
4.5
3.4
5.2
4.1
7.0
5.1
7.0
4.8
6.3
3.8
4.0
7.1
4.7
4.3
5.4
6.3
5.0
5.0
5.2
3.6
6.3
6.0
6.2
6.5
5.7
5.8
6.2
7.2
4.5
5.7
5.6
6.8
7.8
7.8
6.1
4.7
4.8
5.8
6.1
6.5
5.1
5.3
5.4
4.8
4.9
5.9
5.8
6.7
7.5
7.4
6.1
4.2
4.5
6.3
6.2
6.4
6.0
6.4
7.3
6.4
4.4
5.7
5.8
7.4
7.9
7.8
6.8
5.2
4.7
6.4
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.7
7.5
7.9
5.0
5.8
5.9
7.4
8.0
7.8
7.0
5.4
5.6
4.4
5.2
5.3
3.5
3.7
3.3
2.8
3.8
2.1
4.1
4.9
1.9
5.6
3.8
2.7
5.2
4.6
5.9
5.4
5.6
6.0
4.0
4.4
4.0
5.0
3.4
3.0
4.1
4.0
3.3
4.3
5.3
5.5
3.2
3.4
2.8
2.6
2.8
2.8
4.2
5.3
2.6
5.4
3.7
3.1
5.0
4.4
5.6
5.0
5.2
5.3
4.1
4.3
4.0
4.7
3.9
3.4
3.9
3.6
3.2
4.7
5.7
5.8
4.5
4.3
4.6
4.0
4.2
3.4
4.1
5.3
2.7
5.1
3.7
3.2
5.7
5.0
6.5
5.8
6.0
6.4
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.5
2.9
2.7
4.5
4.9
3.8
4.7
5.8
5.6
4.0
3.7
4.1
3.7
3.7
2.7
4.2
5.7
2.6
5.2
3.7
3.6
6.0
5.0
7.1
6.0
6.7
6.7
4.4
4.6
4.4
4.9
3.2
2.8
4.5
4.3
3.5
Mar.
1997"
-
-
_
-
—
-
_
-
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nec
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nec
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nec
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonfen-ous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries
1987
SIC
Code
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365
34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws ... 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nec
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated stmctural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nec
Metal
147
IVIOIOI services
OCI
1nec
Id^
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nec
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nec
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings, nec
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
$12.56 $12.59 $12.98 $13.04 $13.00 $532.54 $537.59 $530.88 $548.98 $555.10
798.77 814.91 791.03 834.03
18.06
18.25
17.79
17.91
14.61
14.72
607.71 611.28 619.46 624.13
14.10
14.15
644.30 641.82 671.02 682.16
14.71
14.62
15.32
15.61
578.43 587.98 582.50 582.66
13.77
14.07
14.04
13.61
_
_
456.84 460.50 496.87 500.91
11.15
12.06
12.07
11.28
_
_
774.60 756.96 812.10 809.68
16.60
17.54
17.45
16.73
459.95 459.50 469.89 477.88
11.35
11.11
11.18
11.46
450.94 453.86 462.76 469.89
11.37
10.84
11.35
10.91
504.98 515.57 472.58 510.43
11.91
11.99
12.18
12.27
490.84 507.83 512.46 519.94
11.89
11.79
11.08
11.26
460.32 468.51 440.64 459.06
10.73
10.82
10.88
10.93
515.30 527.05 461.15 520.98
12.99
13.09
12.63
12.70
562.89 564.53 573.89 573.82
13.44
13.06
13.19
13.47
479.57 479.76 507.35 490.04
11.64 11.73
11.69
11.64
648.23 683.03 752.19 726.64
15.97
15.97
15.62
15.63
14.71
17.50
18.90
13.84
13.40
14.18
16.37
12.19
15.66
15.31
13.84
13.96
15.74
14.00
11.54
10.97
14.74
17.61
19.06
13.76
13.30
14.05
15.87
12.32
15.75
15.35
13.81
13.96
15.57
13.96
11.58
10.99
15.13
17.75
19.22
14.02
13.78
14.62
16.93
12.46
16.45
16.52
14.49
14.38
16.54
14.56
12.12
11.45
15.11
17.76
19.22
14.20
13.68
14.50
17.58
12.42
16.53
16.60
14.50
14.39
16.44
14.58
12.13
11.46
15.21
17.98
12.29
15.93
16.81
12.00
11.42
11.89
11.03
10.58
11.07
11.56
11.42
9.76
12.87
11.82
10.89
12.24
11.68
12.86
14.34
13.84
16.17
11.71
10.34
10.31
10.39
14.20
15.07
11.71
11.88
10.36
12.28
16.02
16.90
11.99
11.40
11.85
10.90
10.35
11.06
11.57
11.54
9.74
12.89
11.80
11.02
12.25
11.69
12.89
14.28
13.89
16.12
11.75
10.37
10.36
10.38
14.30
15.13
11.75
11.92
10.32
12.72
16.21
17.21
12.71
11.98
12.76
11.39
11.04
11.52
12.01
12.05
10.26
13.22
12.22
11.49
12.84
12.11
13.64
14.86
13.85
17.05
12.10
10.65
10.51
10.89
14.81
15.68
12.09
12.34
10.74
12.73
16.14
17.09
12.69
11.86
12.84
11.48
11.10
11.60
12.02
12.00
10.27
13.28
12.30
11.28
12.74
11.99
13.56
14.85
14.02
16.96
12.11
10.72
10.54
11.01
14.90
15.94
12.14
12.36
10.84
12.76
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
648.71
780.50
852.39
603.42
588.26
625.34
766.12
518.08
679.64
659.86
620.03
632.39
733.48
614.60
491.60
462.93
645.61
780.12
855.79
587.55
578.55
609.77
693.52
535.92
689.85
667.73
615.93
624.01
730.23
604.47
485.20
461.58
673.29
793.43
868.74
614.08
628.37
678.37
758.46
537.03
715.58
710.36
647.70
624.09
769.11
646.46
522.37
483.19
673.91
792.10
862.98
631.90
626.54
671.35
798.13
548.96
722.36
717.12
649.60
643.23
774.32
650.27
528.87
500.80
685.97
812.70
516.18
665.87
712.74
500.40
479.64
491.06
447.82
442.24
439.48
477.43
485.35
375.76
557.27
485.80
436.69
531.22
491.73
578.70
623.79
608.96
721.18
482.45
428.08
421.68
438.46
582.20
607.32
488.31
498.96
417.51
514.53
671.24
716.56
498.78
474.24
487.04
440.36
428.49
444.61
483.63
495.07
393.50
558.14
484.98
446.31
527.98
493.32
568.45
608.33
600.05
689.94
489.98
428.28
421.65
439.07
606.32
646.05
488.80
494.68
415.90
535.51
682.44
727.98
541.45
509.15
542.30
472.69
468.10
465.41
492.41
506.10
391.93
567.14
498.58
463.05
561.11
517.10
611.07
650.87
624.64
760.43
505.78
443.04
435.11
455.20
593.88
647.58
510.20
525.68
440.34
538.48
687.56
731.45
529.17
494.56
534.14
475.27
462.87
459.36
497.63
508.80
399.50
580.34
501.84
461.35
564.38
516.77
618.34
650.43
643.52
754.72
507.41
447.02
436.36
464.62
604.94
655.13
513.52
521.59
437.94
543.58
-
_
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nec
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
OH and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial tnjcks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General Industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nec
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nec
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. Industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nec
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical Industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and Industrial controls
Household aoDliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nec
MiQp niArtrlral fiOuiDment and suDOlies
Storage batteries
Pnnine electrical eauioment
1987
SIC
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Feb.
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997'
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
43.3
41.7
40.7
42.1
42.9
42.9
44.2
44.0
42.3
47.7
42.4
42.2
44.1
44.8
45.8
44.2
43.8
41.7
42.7
41.8
42.5
41.3
43.4
43.4
44.7
45.4
42.2
43.7
42.4
42.9
44.0
43.3
42.0
40.9
42.4
42.6
43.0
44.1
44.6
42.1
47.6
42.0
41.5
43.7
45.0
45.5
43.7
43.7
40.9
42.9
42.2
42.4
42.4
42.8
42.8
44.2
45.0
41.9
43.5
41.4
43.4
44.7
43.3
44.7
42.7
45.4
43.2
42.8
44.2
43.9
43.9
47.9
42.3
41.0
44.4
44.4
46.6
44.5
43.7
42.9
42.8
42.3
40.3
43.3
43.2
43.5
45.4
42.6
42.8
43.6
42.1
41.8
41.4
43.5
44.4
42.1
45.2
43.3
43.7
44.4
44.0
44.3
48.3
42.8
41.4
44.4
45.5
46.6
44.6
44.1
41.1
42.9
41.6
41.3
42.1
43.3
42.9
44.7
43.1
42.5
44.3
42.6
42.2
41.2
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
41.3
43.8
44.3
42.8
42.2
42.8
41.1
43.9
44.6
42.9
42.3
42.9
41.5
42.9
43.3
42.9
42.7
42.7
41.7
42.9
43.2
43.4
42.5
43.3
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
Ifil
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
41.5
41.0
41.2
40.8
41.5
41.6
40.7
40.8
42.5
38.5
39.8
41.9
45.3
41.3
42.6
39.0
40.5
40.5
43.2
45.0
41.1
38.6
40.5
41.7
42.4
43.0
42.1
41.4
40.9
41.1
40.8
41.6
41.7
40.9
40.9
41.0
38.3
40.1
41.0
43.2
40.8
41.6
38.4
40.6
40.0
43.2
44.5
41.1
39.9
40.5
41.4
41.9
42.0
41.8
41.2
41.1
41.3
40.9
41.0
41.2
39.5
40.4
38.3
39.9
40.7
41.4
43.6
41.7
42.0
38.1
40.5
40.7
41.3
43.0
41.2
40.3
40.6
41.5
41.7
42.1
42.0
41.5
41.4
41.6
41.3
41.5
41.6
40.4
39.6
37.9
38.4
40.7
41.7
44.1
41.2
41.7
40.0
40.2
40.8
42.0
43.5
41.9
40.6
41.6
41.6
41.8
42.4
42.0
Mar.
1997'
43.8
-
-
42.0
-
—
•
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Mar.
1996
Feb.
1997'
5.0
3.5
3.7
3.4
4.4
4.4
5.3
5.5
3.8
7.2
4.8
3.8
6.1
6.2
6.8
6.7
5.2
4.3
4.7
3.2
4.0
4.3
5.0
4.6
6.0
5.5
3.6
6.1
5.0
3.5
3.0
5.0
3.6
3.9
3.5
4.0
4.4
5.3
5.6
4.2
7.4
4.4
3.8
5.9
6.3
6.8
6.5
5.0
3.8
4.9
3.5
4.5
4.9
4.6
4.8
5.7
5.5
3.2
5.1
4.4
3.8
3.8
5.3
5.8
3.9
6.5
5.3
5.2
5.9
5.8
5.0
8.8
5.1
3.9
6.5
6.2
7.1
7.2
5.2
4.6
4.8
3.4
4.0
5.1
5.0
5.2
6.8
5.2
3.5
5.6
5.0
3.4
2.7
5.4
5.5
4.3
5.9
5.5
5.8
5.8
5.5
5.4
8.8
5.4
3.7
6.5
6.7
6.8
7.2
5.5
3.6
5.0
3.3
4.0
4.5
5.1
5.2
6.3
5.0
3.4
5.7
5.4
3.5
2.5
4.6
5.0
5.5
5.2
4.9
5.3
3.8
4.9
5.4
5.2
5.1
5.3
4.1
4.4
4.7
5.4
5.5
5.4
3.9
4.4
4.6
5.9
5.3
5.9
3.9
3.6
3.3
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.3
2.3
1.8
2.6
2.0
3.8
4.3
3.9
2.6
2.1
4.0
3.5
3.4
3.8
4.4
3.2
5.2
3.9
4.7
4.6
5.2
3.7
3.4
3.1
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.4
2.6
1.8
3.2
1.9
3.2
3.6
3.3
2.6
2.0
4.4
3.2
3.5
3.7
4.1
3.8
4.7
3.8
4.3
3.7
4.9
3.7
3.7
2.9
4.5
3.3
3.3
2.8
2.9
2.6
1.6
2.1
4.1
5.6
4.4
3.0
2.8
3.8
2.9
3.1
3.6
3.9
4.4
4.2
3.4
4.5
4.8
4.7
3.7
3.6
2.7
4.3
3.6
3.7
3.1
2.3
1.9
.9
1.9
4.1
5.5
4.3
3.0
3.5
3.5
2.8
3.1
3.3
4.1
4.2
4.0
3.6
4.3
4.3
4.7
1
Mar.
1997'
-
-
-
—
-
1987
SIC
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nec
Farm and garden machinery
Fami machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nec
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nec
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nec
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Cun'ent-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household
1
IWIW audio
OWVIIW and
Ml fv video
wlWwW eouioment
I Ivl 1%
Communications
eouioniGnt
1 III 1 IWII IIWMvlWI IW
W^WI^ff IIWI
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nec
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
13.66
12.15
12.43
13.00
13.92
12.76
13.49
11.98
12.20
12.98
13.78
12.74
13.39
12.53
12.84
13.48
14.22
13.27
13.43
12.46
12.78
13.52
14.26
13.31
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
1fi51
11.87
11.62
10.81
12.48
11.22
10.55
12.59
11.79
13.47
13.81
9.46
11.96
13.52
11.88
11.09
8.66
10.63
10.91
12.22
13.53
11.79
13.26
15.20
9.87
13.04
14.27
13.53
11.91
11.67
10.93
12.47
11.31
10.66
12.58
11.75
13.51
13.65
9.45
11.89
13.66
11.86
11.14
8.75
10.47
10.82
12.27
13.56
11.92
13.48
15.57
9.90
13.02
14.04
13.43
12.45
12.33
11.43
13.23
11.86
11.15
13.22
12.25
13.73
14.21
10.02
12.72
15.45
12.70
11.43
9.05
10.44
10.31
13.66
14.84
12.45
12.41
11.38
13.43
11.89
11.23
13.14
12.16
13.63
13.94
9.90
12.63
15.23
12.70
11.55
9.06
10.53
10.31
13.59
14.69
12.19
13.72
15.73
10.33
13.46
14.72
13.65
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
Mar.
19971"
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
$13.40 $13.36 $13.91 $13.91 $13.94 $580.22 $578.49 $602.30 $605.09 $610.57
660.95 662.34 746.94 731.27
15.77
16.71
16.47
15.85
17.79
18.52
719.58 727.61 790.80 786.85
18.69
17.68
641.60 640.66 730.94 711.45
16.10 15.74
15.24 15.11
12.88
13.62
13.49
552.98 548.69 588.36 584.12
12.89
13.90
593.31 597.70 635.15 638.02
14.84
14.60
13.83
12.94
13.38
572.39 570.65 591.40 591.41
13.32
12.95
_
13.46
13.88
13.74
595.76 600.32 609.33 604.56
13.54
_
583.32 576.35 633.04 639.25
13.69
14.42
13.79
14.43
12.49
594.34 594.52 622.22 625.97
12.99
12.96
12.46
12.79
13.41
543.57 537.18 567.24 570.95
13.34
12.82
505.98 498.42 502.25 509.63
12.01
12.25
12.31
11.99
14.84 14.80
628.87 624.04 658.90 657.12
14.26 14.28
14.40
14.56
644.22 646.00 650.46 662.48
14.38
14.65
14.68
670.51 667.94 712.05 704.59
15.28
15.12
14.64
14.83
15.54
655.04 648.07 691.53 690.20
14.82
15.51
13.04
552.76 550.62 569.85 575.95
12.60
13.06
12.62
12.09
12.41
12.31
504.15 494.48 532.39 505.94
12.09
13.93
14.36
14.44
592.25 597.60 614.61 619.48
13.87
—
_
499.09 503.45 529.17 520.83
11.93
12.51
12.52
11.94
15.40
15.17
642.60 652.96 611.35 643.04
15.57
15.12
13.74
14.11
14.02
563.75 582.58 610.96 590.24
13.65
13.64
13.65
573.75 561.11 589.25 591.05
13.22
13.11
607.60 601.34 630.75 628.49
14.05
14.50
14.65
14.00
637.87 612.61 682.36 661.56
13.86
15.03
14.80
14.27
13.51
14.06
13.87
613.35 607.95 598.96 597.80
13.51
11.27
461.25 457.55 482.36 481.95
10.93
10.92
11.34
627.53 621.18 626.97 636.15
14.28
14.38
14.36
14.36
12.84
13.22
13.17
545.69 531.58 556.56 561.04
12.87
13.67
14.14
588.59 593.28 591.05 606.84
13.72
14.38
15.47
667.48 671.39 640.46 655.90
15.17
15.02
15.92
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9
•*•«••••••
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
12.11
13.76
15.52
10.33
13.60
14.82
13.85
-
-
-
12.53
-
-
_
-
-
_
_
-
-
564.16
532.17
550.65
556.40
587.42
546.13
554.44
525.92
544.12
556.84
582.89
546.55
555.69
537.54
555.97
578.29
607.19
566.63
560.03
534.53
552.10
586.77
606.05
576.32
492.61
476.42
445.37
509.18
465.63
438.88
512.41
481.03
572.48
531.69
376.51
501.12
612.46
490.64
472.43
337.74
430.52
441.86
527.90
608.85
484.57
511.84
615.60
411.58
552.90
613.61
569.61
493.07
477.30
449.22
508.78
470.50
444.52
514.52
480.57
553.91
522.80
378.95
487.49
590.11
483.89
463.42
336.00
425.08
432.80
530.06
603.42
489.91
537.85
630.59
409.86
545.54
589.68
561.37
512.94
506.76
472.06
541.11
486.26
459.38
522.19
494.90
525.86
566.98
407.81
526.61
673.62
529.59
480.06
344.81
422.82
419.62
564.16
638.12
498.93
554.53
630.11
428.70
567.12
623.92
581.70
516.68
513.77
473.41
554.66
493.44
467.17
530.86
481.54
516.58
535.30
402.93
526.67
671.64
523.24
481.64
362.40
423.31
420.65
570.78
639.02
510.76
557.03
654.37
429.73
562.63
624.13
573.30
-
526.26
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
•
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nec
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
1987
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
6.3
6.7
7.1
5.0
7.0
3.5
7.2
7.4
6.5
7.3
3.9
4.7
2.8
4.8
4.6
4.7
3.4
1.7
3.8
3.5
3.5
4.1
3.9
2.7
3.3
3.6
3.2
1.9
8.1
2.4
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.8
3.8
2.9
3.3
3.6
3.1
2.2
7.9
1.8
3.8
4.2
3.4
3.6
3.4
2.9
3.4
3.8
3.3
2.1
7.7
1.4
3.8
4.0
3.5
3.6
3.8
3.1
3.3
3.6
3.3
2.4
8.3
1.7
-
2.9
1.7
1.4
3.7
3.0
2.2
3.4
2.2
2.2
1.8
3.3
3.3
3.0
2.1
1.7
3.9
2.9
2.0
3.4
2.2
2.4
2.3
3.5
3.7
2.9
2.0
1.9
2.4
2.5
1.9
2.9
3.1
2.9
2.6
3.4
3.8
3.0
1.9
1.9
2.5
2.7
1.7
3.2
3.3
2.7
2.4
3.6
3.7
40.4
40.7
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.0
40.8
39.7
41.4
40.5
38.5
42.1
41.6
42.4
40.4
40.6
39.5
40.0
45.1
43.7
44.6
40.7
4.3
4.2
4.7
5.6
3.5
4.6
4.0
4.5
3.6
3.9
2.9
2.7
6.5
5.8
6.5
4.2
3.6
4.5
5.2
2.5
5.0
4.7
4.4
3.6
3.8
3.1
2.1
6.2
6.0
6.4
4.6
4.2
5.1
4.5
3.7
4.8
4.2
5.2
4.6
8.0
3.2
3.8
7.3
6.2
7.1
4.5
3.7
4.1
4.3
3.3
4.7
4.0
4.8
4.1
4.1
3.1
3.8
6.7
5.9
6.2
44.6
45.5
46.3
44.2
45.9
38.6
44.4
43.8
44.4
45.2
41.9
43.7
39.1
43.5
43.3
43.7
38.7
35.7
44.3
45.1
45.5
43.3
45.5
40.7
44.4
43.7
44.9
45.0
40.4
41.3
39.0
44.1
43.3
43.8
40.5
38.0
44.8
45.8
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical Instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
41.8
42.5
42.3
42.9
42.7
41.6
41.2
41.3
40.5
39.7
43.2
41.0
41.9
43.0
42.4
43.4
42.3
42.1
41.1
41.1
40.4
40.3
42.9
39.1
41.7
43.3
41.7
41.7
41.7
41.3
41.2
41.9
40.4
39.9
43.2
37.2
41.9
43.3
42.1
42.1
42.1
41.8
41.4
42.0
40.6
40.1
43.3
37.6
42.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silvera/are, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nec
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
39.3
37.8
36.8
42.0
39.5
38.7
39.8
39.2
38.2
37.8
39.5
40.1
39.8
38.5
37.5
42.6
39.9
38.9
40.4
39.0
38.4
38.2
40.3
40.5
39.6
38.4
37.8
41.2
39.3
37.0
40.5
39.8
39.5
40.4
40.0
40.7
40.1
38.4
37.5
41.5
40.1
37.6
41.4
40.6
39.2
39.7
40.6
40.8
40.7
40.1
40.3
40.5
40.4
39.9
41.5
42.2
38.3
41.7
40.7
41.7
39.9
40.8
39.5
37.6
43.9
43.0
43.5
40.5
39.5
41.6
41.8
37.5
42.1
41.7
41.7
40.3
41.5
39.6
37.5
43.9
44.7
43.2
40.7
40.3
42.2
40.4
39.3
41.5
40.7
42.5
41.2
44.0
40.1
40.5
45.7
43.9
45.1
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
Feb.
1997"
6.5
7.0
7.1
6.2
7.4
2.8
7.2
7.9
6.2
6.8
4.6
5.7
2.8
4.3
4.1
4.0
2.8
1.8
42.3
42.3
41.8
41.7
42.8
40.1
42.9
41.3
45.1
43.4
42.3
43.8
40.1
43.7
42.1
41.8
40.4
39.5
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages-and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned soecialtles
Canned fmits and vegetables
Frozen fmits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nec
Jan.
1997
4.9
5.1
5.2
3.7
5.3
2.6
5.2
4.1
6.3
6.0
4.6
5.6
3.1
4.5
4.2
4.5
2.8
2.1
43.3
44.1
44.2
42.2
44.7
39.4
42.6
40.9
44.6
43.5
40.9
41.5
39.9
43.9
42.4
43.0
39.2
37.8
Nondurable goods
Mar.
1996
5.4
5.9
5.9
4.8
6.4
2.6
5.1
3.9
5.9
6.1
4.1
4.7
3.1
4.5
4.2
4.4
2.5
1.6
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
Feb.
1996
-
-
-
-
Mar.
1997"
-
-
-
-
-
4,2
-
-
Industry
1987
SIC
Code
Average weekly earnings
Average houriy earnings
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997-
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Trucl^ and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nec
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
12.94
16.42
12.83
11.60
12.49
14.55
11.96
11.62
11.00
9.28
15.61
9.40
12.97
16.47
12.86
11.65
12.54
14.58
11.97
11.62
11.02
9.29
15.58
9.56
13.38
16.85
13.38
11.77
13.03
15.32
12.32
11.70
11.41
10.15
15.94
9.59
13.38
16.80
13.37
11.54
13.14
15.48
12.34
11.67
11.42
10.14
15.97
9.61
13.40
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nec
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
10.26
10.44
10.50
10.62
9.72
9.25
9.93
10.72
9.32
8.26
10.67
11.11
10.25
10.49
10.56
10.61
9.64
9.29
9.80
10.88
9.11
7.99
10.67
11.02
10.60
10.91
11.02
10.67
10.05
9.43
10.32
11.03
9.22
7.88
11.04
11.27
10.57
10.98
11.13
10.57
9.94
9.36
10.21
10.92
9.23
7.94
11.04
11.44
10.55
11.80
11.83
12.21
12.20
11.05
9.03
9.64
10.48
8.12
12.58
11.29
13.33
10.76
13.93
11.57
10.11
13.53
12.06
10.97
11.11
9.00
9.67
10.35
8.08
12.63
11.42
13.34
10.78
14.06
11.66
10.30
13.63
11.99
10.95
11.43
9.32
10.03
10.71
8.38
13.07
11.84
13.75
11.04
14.62
11.98
10.24
14.21
12.41
11.19
11.35
9.24
9.99
10.59
8.30
13.05
11.91
13.68
10.92
14.08
11.87
10.28
14.06
12.33
11.15
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nec
20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
$16.99 $16.69 $17.50 $17.43 $17.51 $735.67 $705.99 $780.50 $772.15 $784.45
17.98
18.05 773.51 723.75 823.10 810.90 826.69
17.54
17.11
18.09
912.73 854.39 988.04 972.34
20.65 20.44 21.34 21.37
623.29 576.71 711.18 676.78
16.09
15.63
14.77
13.83
728.16 679.66 766.07 753.48
16.56
15.88
16.69
16.29
421.19 431.08 429.62 452.99
11.13
11.13
10.69
10.75
783.84 791.93 828.06 826.28
18.46
18.65
18.61
18.40
0
0
$796.11 $807.29 $806.30 $814.49
$17.85 $17.90 $18.16 $18.14
16.53
709.49 705.68 747.16 741.15
16.26
16.47
16.31
12.80
523.52 543.13 539.25 517.12
12.84
12.87
12.80
593.45 627.65 616.17 582.74
14.33
14.10
14.11
14.30
411.37 413.83 419.93 417.69
10.74
10.71
10.32
10.31
16.78
680.89 681.72 729.93 740.00
15.60
16.78
15.51
770.83 769.17 839.15 849.55
18.27
19.38
19.62
18.18
0
$453.15 $467.02 $437.70 $465.35
$11.56 $11.56 $11.31 $11.49
443.02 474.00 390.56 429.40
12.00
10.94
11.30
11.72
540.89
697.85
542.71
497.64
533.32
605.28
492.75
479.91
445.50
368.42
674.35
385.40
543.44
708.21
545.26
505.61
530.44
613.82
491.97
477.58
445.21
374.39
668.38
373.80
557.95
729.61
557.95
490.81
543.35
632.72
507.58
490.23
460.96
404.99
688.61
356.75
560.62
727.44
562.88
485.83
553.19
647.06
510.88
490.14
463.65
406.61
691.50
361.34
565.48
403.22
394.63
386.40
446.04
383.94
357.98
395.21
420.22
356.02
312.23
421.47
445.51
407.95
403.87
396.00
451.99
384.64
361.38
395.92
424.32
349.82
305.22
430.00
446.31
419.76
418.94
416.56
439.60
394.97
348.91
417.96
438.99
364.19
318.35
441.60
458.69
423.86
421.63
417.38
438.66
398.59
351.94
422.69
443.35
361.82
315.22
448.22
466.75
429.39
12.28
473.18
476.76
494.51
492.88
499.80
11.44
446.42
360.30
400.06
442.26
311.00
524.59
459.50
555.86
429.32
568.34
457.02
380.14
593.97
518.58
477.20
449.96
355.50
402.27
432.63
303.00
531.72
476.21
556.28
434.43
583.49
461.74
386.25
598.36
535.95
473.04
465.20
375.60
423.27
432.68
329.33
542.41
481.89
584.38
454.85
643.28
480.40
414.72
649.40
544.80
504.67
463.08
366.83
413.59
428.90
319.55
549.41
495.46
580.03
441.17
571.65
468.87
411.20
634.11
538.82
497.29
465.61
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
1987
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997'
Mar.
1997"
205
2051
39.1
39.3
39.8
39.9
39.0
39.1
39.7
39.4
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
38.9
40.4
49.4
43.3
42.4
39.3
45.6
41.1
45.5
39.5
39.0
39.7
39.9
45.0
45.8
41.0
38.7
45.9
42.7
47.3
41.5
39.4
38.9
40.7
53.1
44.3
43.8
38.6
44.3
41.6
45.4
40.7
37.5
40.1
40.1
51.8
45.9
42.7
38.4
42.4
41.4
44.0
40.9
41.2
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
38.8
39.6
39.5
40.5
39.2
39.5
39.1
39.1
41.1
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knittina mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nec
Knit outenwear mills
Knit undenwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
??R
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
40.1
41.0
40.4
42.5
38.6
38.2
38.4
36.9
39.2
33.8
40.8
41.8
41.8
41.4
42.0
40.2
40.8
38.0
41.0
40.7
41.9
40.8
43.5
38.9
38.7
39.3
37.0
39.7
36.1
40.5
42.8
43.5
41.9
42.1
40.6
41.5
36.9
41.6
40.9
40.6
41.7
41.9
39.9
39.6
39.5
38.6
40.0
34.9
42.7
41.9
42.9
41.1
42.4
41.1
41.6
38.2
42.4
40.5
40.4
40.1
40.3
39.3
39.1
38.3
37.2
38.6
39.4
42.3
42.0
42.7
41.6
42.4
40.6
41.4
36.9
42.3
41.5
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outenwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nec
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's undenwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outenwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nec
Automotive and apparel trimmings
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
36.8
36.1
35.9
35.5
35.8
36.1
36.2
34.9
37.1
35.2
36.4
35.3
35.5
34.5
37.5
36.4
37.3
38.5
37.7
37.4
40.3
37.0
35.7
36.3
35.7
35.2
36.9
36.1
35.0
37.2
35.0
36.2
36.2
36.0
36.8
36.9
35.7
38.3
38.9
38.0
38.6
39.7
36.9
37.5
36.5
35.7
36.3
36.2
35.8
35.9
36.9
33.3
35.9
37.2
36.2
40.4
37.4
36.1
36.8
38.6
37.1
38.4
39.4
36.9
37.4
36.1
35.1
35.9
36.1
35.7
35.2
37.3
33.7
35.6
37.4
36.5
40.4
37.2
37.8
37.7
38.7
37.7
37.5
41.1
37.5
Paper and allied products
26
262
263
42.8
45.3
44.6
42.8
44.8
45.0
43.8
45.9
44.9
43.3
45.8
44.5
43.5
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
Paperboard mills
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
4.1
4.5
4.5
4.9
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.3
3.5
4.1
12.9
8.9
3.6
3.5
6.9
3.9
6.3
3.2
3.7
3.6
3.5
9.3
11.4
2.6
2.6
6.9
5.1
7.5
4.6
4.2
3.8
4.3
14.0
9.3
4.5
3.1
6.5
4.4
7.1
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.7
13.4
9.9
3.5
2.6
5.8
4.1
6.5
3.7
6.4
4.3
5.9
5.3
6.9
4.0
4.9
3.3
4.0
3.8
5.2
3.9
6.0
2.4
2.7
2.3
2.8
2.6
1.4
3.8
4.2
3.7
4.7
4.7
3.9
4.0
3.4
3.8
4.0
5.5
4.1
6.5
2.3
2.9
2.3
2.6
2.9
1.9
5.1
4.9
5.0
4.9
5.0
3.8
4.1
2.8
4.0
4.4
4.9
5.1
5.7
3.1
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.1
1.9
5.2
5.1
5.5
4.3
5.2
4.3
4.6
3.2
4.4
4.2
4.6
4.4
4.8
3.0
3.1
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.6
5.6
5.2
5.6
4.9
5.5
4.2
4.5
2.8
4.9
-
1.8
1.3
1.2
1.4
.8
1.2
1.9
1.2
1.8
2.2
1.9
.9
1.0
.8
2.2
2.4
1.5
2.8
1.4
2.3
3.5
1.9
.9
1.2
1.2
.7
1.3
1.8
1.2
2.2
1.6
1.8
1.3
1.2
1.8
2.1
2.3
1.7
3.0
1.6
2.9
3.2
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.7
1.7
2.1
1.2
1.8
2.0
1.3
4.3
2.0
2.2
1.5
2.9
1.0
3.2
3.3
2.0
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.6
1.4
2.1
1.5
1.6
2.0
1.6
3.4
1.9
2.8
1.8
3.3
1.2
2.9
5.0
-
5.0
6.3
7.1
5.0
5.9
7.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
5.1
6.4
7.0
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
•
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
1987
SIC
205
2051
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
19971"
$12.01 $12.06 $12.18 $12.29
12.40
12.28
12.27
12.25
Mar.
1997"
-
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209
11.56
12.02
11.99
17.44
13.51
10.71
11.73
15.48
20.56
12.81
10.06
11.66
12.15
11.86
17.66
13.48
10.88
11.84
15.60
21.30
12.65
10.10
12.01
12.30
12.28
17.87
13.20
11.17
12.23
15.96
21.70
13.29
10.39
12.11
12.53
12.42
17.60
13.64
11.51
12.36
15.78
21.50
13.29
10.10
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
21
211
18.32
23.75
19.55
24.22
18.81
24.92
18.79 $20.52
24.62
-
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosierv nec
Knit outenwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
9.55
9.97
10.49
9.97
8.93
8.75
8.08
8.64
8.24
8.93
9.59
9.72
9.63
10.20
9.56
9.34
9.34
9.49
10.84
9.92
10.26
10.88
10.39
9.33
9.09
8.49
9.07
8.51
9.28
9.88
10.10
10.05
10.29
9.97
9.63
9.62
9.84
11.48
9.87
10.11
10.85
10.35
9.22
9.04
8.43
8.96
8.49
9.04
9.97
10.06
9.93
10.45
9.95
9.61
9.63
9.66
11.54
9.91
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
9.54
10.00
10.42
9.98
8.97
8.74
8.14
8.69
8.18
8.77
9.64
9.64
9.43
10.23
9.57
9.34
9.33
9.51
10.93
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and tioys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outenwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nec
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's undenwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outenwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nec
Automotive and apparel trimmings
23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
7.81
8.14
7.28
7.16
7.20
7.27
7.44
6.63
8.17
8.12
7.25
7.41
7.27
7.87
6.90
6.88
7.25
9.07
7.65
8.14
11.62
7.85
8.16
7.34
7.16
7.33
7.28
7.49
6.49
8.31
8.04
7.32
7.49
7.30
8.12
7.02
7.05
7.30
9.03
7.61
8.27
11.48
8.11
8.38
7.66
7.59
7.70
7.63
7.70
6.89
8.57
7.89
7.58
7.74
7.58
8.24
7.16
7.15
7.61
9.22
7.68
8.48
11.57
8.17
8.39
7.60
7.53
7.61
7.58
7.68
6.94
8.58
7.84
7.53
7.72
7.59
8.12
7.28
7.25
7.71
9.48
7.88
8.49
12.25
8.22
Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
26
262
263
14.43
18.15
18.11
14.45
18.09
18.30
14.85
18.69
18.65
14.82
18.63
18.80
14.96
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997'
$469.59 $479.99 $475.02 $487.91
481.43 489.97 479.76 488.56
Mar.
1997"
-
449.68 462.90
485.61 484.79
592.31 533.70
755.15 808.83
572.82 552.68
420.90 421.06
534.89 543.46
636.23 666.12
935.48 1,007.49
506.00 524.98
392.34 397.94
467.19
500.61
652.07
791.64
578.16
431.16
541.79
663.94
985.18
540.90
389.63
485.61
502.45
643.36
807.84
582.43
441.98
524.06
653.29
946.00
543.56
416.12
710.82
940.50
772.23
980.91
737.35
984.34
734.69 $843.37
962.64
-
382.55
410.00
420.97
424.15
346.24
333.87
312.58
320.66
320.66
296.43
393.31
402.95
394.17
423.52
401.94
375.47
380.66
361.38
448.13
388.69
417.74
427.99
433.70
347.38
338.63
317.54
319.68
327.13
322.37
388.40
416.02
418.91
427.38
402.48
379.20
387.61
350.18
450.94
405.73
416.56
453.70
435.34
372.27
359.96
335.36
350.10
340.40
323.87
421.88
423.19
431.15
422.92
422.73
395.79
400.19
375.89
486.75
399.74
408.44
435.09
417.11
362.35
353.46
322.87
333.31
327.71
356.18
421.73
422.52
424.01
434.72
421.88
390.17
398.68
356.45
488.14
411.27
287.41
293.85
261.35
254.18
257.76
262.45
269.33
231.39
303.11
285.82
263.90
261.57
258.09
271.52
258.75
250.43
270.43
349.20
288.41
304.44
468.29
290.45
291.31
266.44
255.61
258.02
268.63
270.39
227.15
309.13
281.40
264.98
271.14
262.80
298.82
259.04
251.69
279.59
351.27
289.18
319.22
455.76
299.26
314.25
279.59
270.96
279.51
276.21
275.66
247.35
316.23
262.74
272.12
287.93
274.40
332.90
267.78
258.12
280.05
355.89
284.93
325.63
455.86
301.47
313.79
274.36
264.30
273.20
273.64
274.18
244.29
320.03
264.21
268.07
288.73
277.04
328.05
270.82
274.05
290.67
366.88
297.08
318.38
503.48
308.25
617.60
822.20
807.71
618.46
810.43
823.50
650.43
857.87
837.39
641.71
853.25
836.60
650.76
-
-
-
-
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
1987
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997°
Mar.
1997"
4.6
4.7
4.1
5.2
4.3
3.8
4.8
3.8
2.8
1.1
2.9
3.2
2.8
3.7
1.8
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.5
2.1
4.1
3.1
1.2
2.1
4.6
3.5
5.9
2.0
3.7
3.7
3.9
3.3
2.4
4.3
2.9
.9
2.4
3.5
3.4
3.7
2.2
3.6
3.4
3.4
4.1
2.3
3.8
3.0
1.1
3.3
3.5
2.7
4.3
2.1
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4
2.3
4.2
4.9
5.8
5.9
5.5
5.9
5.1
4.1
3.8
3.3
3.5
3.0
3.4
3.6
6.7
7.8
6.4
6.6
4.9
4.9
5.8
5.8
5.2
5.7
4.8
4.0
3.7
3.4
3.8
3.1
3.3
3.6
6.8
8.8
6.3
6.3
4.8
5.0
5.6
5.5
5.5
6.0
4.8
5.0
5.0
3.2
3.8
3.2
3.0
3.7
5.9
7.4
5.5
5.9
4.9
5.1
6.0
6.0
5.6
5.7
5.0
4.7
4.6
3.1
3.8
2.6
3.0
4.2
6.3
6.7
6.2
6.4
4.9
5.5
5.3
6.2
5.8
5.5
7.3
6.1
6.1
6.5
6.0
6.0
6.5
4.0
6.5
1.7
4.2
4.4
3.6
3.9
3.9
5.8
.9
4.3
4.3
3.4
3.8
4.2
6.2
1.8
4.8
5.7
4.4
4.0
4.2
6.1
2.0
4.8
5.1
4.5
4.0
-
1.6
5.3
.7
.5
.9
1.1
1.6
1.8
6.2
.7
.7
.5
1.7
1.7
1.9
5.3
1.5
2.0
.7
1.5
.9
2.0
6.4
1.4
2.1
.4
1.5
1.1
32.9
32.9
-
39.6
39.5
43.3
43.7
41.7
43.9
42.3
44.8
42.3
42.5
42.3
42.4
40.8
42.9
42.2
44.1
42.4
41.4
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279
37.9
32.5
36.5
40.8
39.5
42.3
36.3
39.3
39.2
39.6
41.3
39.0
39.0
38.2
32.5
35.6
40.6
39.3
42.1
36.3
39.8
39.8
40.1
41.0
39.5
39.7
37.7
32.3
36.5
38.0
36.8
39.2
36.2
39.4
39.3
39.0
41.2
38.8
39.1
38.1
33.1
37.6
38.1
36.4
40.0
36.5
39.6
39.6
39.2
41.6
39.2
39.6
38.7
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inoroanic chemicals, nec
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial oraanic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
26
281
?R19
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
?n6
2865
2869
287
289
43.1
46.0
45.7
43.8
44.6
45.6
41.1
40.9
40.8
41.8
39.6
40.8
42.2
45.3
46.4
45.1
45.7
43.3
43.1
46.3
46.1
43.6
44.5
44.8
41.3
41.1
40.4
41.8
40.0
39.8
42.0
45.5
47.3
45.1
45.4
43.2
43.2
46.6
46.6
43.1
45.7
41.0
42.0
42.2
40.7
41.5
40.5
40.4 1
42.1
45.1
47.0
44.7
45.2
42.8
43.1
46.5
46.8
43.3
45.5
41.1
41.6
41.6
40.4
42.2
39.9
39.8
42.5
44.9
46.0
44.7
45.6
43.4
43.0
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and rooting materials
29
291
295
42.8
42.8
43.0
43.0
42.6
44.4
45.0
46.4
41.0
43.3
44.1
41.1
42.4
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nec
Miscellaneous plastics products, nec
30
301
302
305
3052
306
308
41.3
45.0
38.9
41.7
43.0
41.1
40.9
41.3
44.2
37.8
41.9
42.7
41.0
41.0
41.4
44.4
40.9
43.1
44.9
42.3
40.8
41.5
43.7
41.1
42.8
43.7
42.2
41.0
41.7
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear exceot rubber
Men's footwear exceot athletic
Wompn'^ footwear exceot athletic
Luaaaae
Handbags and personal leather goods
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
37.1
41.0
35.8
35.9
36.3
35.8
38.2
37.7
42.2
36.2
36.1
37.0
36.9
38.7
37.7
41.0
37.1
37.5
36.8
39.2
36.2
38.0
42.7
36.8
37.4
36.3
37.3
38.2
38.6
32.4
32.5
32.2
Service-producing
TransDortation and oublic utilities
39.4
39.5
39.1
Feb.
1997"
5.3
5.5
4.7
5.8
4.6
4.4
5.1
4.5
42.4
42.6
42.2
42.9
41.3
42.3
41.8
40.9
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nec
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
Jan.
1997
4.7
4.8
4.8
5.2
3.9
3.3
4.9
3.1
42.2
42.3
41.0
43.1
41.0
42.3
41.0
40.4
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Mar
1996
4.4
4.4
3.8
5.2
4.0
3.5
4.6
3.1
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
Feb.
1996
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
_
-
i
Mar.
1997"
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Paper, coated and laminated, nec
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
1987
SIC
Code
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677
Average weekly earnings
Average hourty earnings
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
$12.11 $12.20 $12.58 $12.47
12.12
12.57
12.39
12.02
12.25
12.80
12.80
12.11
13.01
13.14
13.13
12.92
12.67
12.96
12.98
12.66
14.78
14.56
14.71
14.84
11.57
11.86
11.78
11.63
11.75
11.82
11.75
11.62
Mar.
1997"
-
_
-
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
$511.04 $517.28 $544.71 $527.48
508.45 516.31 549.31 525.34
496.51 516.95 533.76 522.24
556.85 558.13 576.85 563.28
519.06 523.27 548.21 547.76
627.73 625.19 652.29 648.71
476.83 483.63 501.68 499.47
469.45 480.58 502.35 486.45
Mar.
1997"
-
_
-
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nec
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279
12.48
12.39
13.64
11.64
11.27
12.03
11.80
12.67
12.82
12.26
13.05
9.72
15.70
12.52
12.39
13.60
11.65
11.32
11.99
11.84
12.76
12.90
12.37
13.15
9.82
15.64
12.86
12.78
14.09
12.24
11.98
12.50
12.51
13.01
13.26
12.33
13.55
10.04
15.91
12.89 $13.02
12.83
14.24
12.07
11.76
12.37
12.53
13.07
13.39
12.35
13.36
10.00
16.02
-
472.99
402.68
497.86
474.91
445.17
508.87
428.34
497.93
502.54
485.50
538.97
379.08
612.30
478.26
402.68
484.16
472.99
444.88
504.78
429.79
507.85
513.42
496.04
539.15
387.89
620.91
484.82
412.79
514.29
465.12
440.86
490.00
452.86
512.59
521.12
480.87
558.26
389.55
622.08
491.11 $503.87
424.67
535.42
459.87
428.06
494.80
457.35
517.57
530.24
484.12
555.78
392.00
634.39
-
Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and Intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289
15.98
17.58
17.91
16.57
18.23
14.63
15.51
15.23
13.01
16.02
12.09
11.85
13.43
19.41
19.08
19.59
15.91
14.81
16.03
17.59
17.95
16.53
18.35
14.32
15.59
15.27
13.10
16.06
12.14
11.96
13.38
19.55
19.33
19.72
15.85
14.84
16.40
18.27
18.58
17.19
19.02
14.70
16.02
15.89
13.33
16.51
12.38
12.17
13.73
19.57
19.62
19.68
16.29
14.97
16.52
18.34
18.58
17.19
19.05
14.76
16.43
16.36
13.35
16.58
12.49
12.12
13.85
19.70
19.55
19.86
16.39
14.97
16.53
688.74
808.68
818.49
725.77
813.06
667.13
637.46
622.91
530.81
669.64
478.76
483.48
566.75
879.27
885.31
883.51
727.09
641.27
690.89
814.42
827.50
720.71
816.58
641.54
643.87
627.60
529.24
671.31
485.60
476.01
561.96
889.53
914.31
889.37
719.59
641.09
708.48
851.38
865.83
740.89
869.21
602.70
672.84
670.56
542.53
685.17
501.39
491.67
578.03
882.61
922.14
879.70
736.31
640.72
712.01
852.81
869.54
744.33
866.78
606.64
683.49
680.58
539.34
699.68
498.35
482.38
588.63
884.53
899.30
887.74
747.38
649.70
710.79
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
19.53
21.69
13.93
19.20
21.38
13.87
20.11
21.99
14.26
20.42
22.55
14.49
20.55
835.88
928.33
598.99
825.60 904.95
910.79 1,020.34
615.83 584.66
884.19
994.46
595.54
871.32
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nec
Miscellaneous plastics products, nec
30
301
302
305
3052
306
308
11.14
17.93
8.89
11.26
11.40
10.60
10.45
11.14
17.90
9.12
11.31
11.44
10.61
10.47
11.48
18.53
9.61
11.54
11.64
11.00
10.79
11.44
18.50
9.51
11.53
11.71
10.94
10.78
11.51
460.08
806.85
345.82
469.54
490.20
435.66
427.41
460.08
791.18
344.74
473.89
488.49
435.01
429.27
475.27
822.73
393.05
497.37
522.64
465.30
440.23
474.76
808.45
390.86
493.48
511.73
461.67
441.98
479.97
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
8.42
11.26
7.94
8.67
7.14
8.32
7.54
8.46
11.49
7.91
8.64
7.10
8.32
7.72
8.84
11.74
8.47
9.42
7.29
8.68
7.86
8.93
11.94
8.49
9.39
7.35
8.57
7.92
8.90
312.38
461.66
284.25
311.25
259.18
297.86
288.03
318.94
484.88
286.34
311.90
262.70
307.01
298.76
333.27
481.34
314.24
353.25
268.27
340.26
284.53
339.34
509.84
312.43
351.19
266.81
319.66
302.54
343.54
11.20
11.21
11.61
11.65 $11.66
362.88
364.33
373.84
383.29 $383.61
14.45
14.44
14.75
14.66
569.33
570.38
576.73
580.54
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
-
-
-
-
-
14.66
-
-
-
-
579.07
Industry
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class 1 railroads plus Amtrak^
1987
SIC
Code
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
19a7
Feb.
1997"
4011
47.8
48.6
47.4
47.2
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation
41
411
413
33.9
38.1
38.6
33.7
38.3
38.5
32.9
37.5
37.8
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
38.4
38.4
39.2
38.8
38.8
39.0
Water transportation:
Water transportation services
449
37.5
Pipelines, except natural gas
46
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Mar.
1997"
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
-
-
33.8
37.9
38.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
38.0
37.9
38.8
38.3
38.2
39.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
36.6
38.1
38.3
44.2
43.8
45.0
45.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
47
472
4724
473
38.0
37.3
37.2
38.9
38.1
37.4
37.2
38.8
37.5
37.4
36.9
38.1
38.9
38.5
38.1
39.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
48
481
4813
483
484
39.9
41.5
41.9
34.7
39.7
39.9
41.4
41.7
34.7
39.7
40.1
41.9
42.5
35.0
39.0
39.9
41.4
41.8
35.5
39.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
49
491
492
493
495
42.3
42.6
42.6
42.1
42.1
42.2
42.6
42.0
41.8
42.2
41.8
41.2
42.4
42.5
42.3
41.7
41.3
42.2
42.6
41.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
38.0
38.1
37.8
38.5
38.4
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509
38.7
38.1
37.6
38.9
39.0
38.6
40.9
39.0
38.5
39.0
37.7
38.8
38.2
37.6
39.4
38.9
38.4
40.9
39.0
38.6
39.2
37.9
38.6
38.0
37.5
38.6
38.8
39.1
41.2
38.9
38.6
38.8
37.2
39.3
38.0
37.5
39.2
40.1
39.9
42.3
39.7
39.2
39.6
37.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
37.1
36.8
36.4
36.6
37.8
33.7
39.4
37.6
37.0
36.4
37.1
36.5
36.3
36.9
37.8
34.2
39.8
37.2
37.2
36.5
36.9
36.0
36.1
37.1
37.8
33.3
39.8
37.8
37.3
35.4
37.2
36.0
36.8
37.2
38.3
33.6
40.4
37.6
37.7
36.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
28.2
28.5
28.0
28.7
28.7
34.8
36.5
35.6
31.0
31.4
34.9
36.6
36.1
31.4
31.1
34.4
36.2
34.9
30.3
29.9
34.7
36.6
35.6
30.4
30.7
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
52
521
523
525
526
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
•
.....
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industry
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class 1 railroads plus Amtrak^
1987
SIC
Code
4011
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
$17.55 $17.64 $18.15 $18.10
Mar.
1997"
-
_
-
-
506.34
514.10
411.84
496.66
502.18
420.98
501.35
507.68
423.26
-
-
499.20
507.26
410.82
20.03
-
658.13
635.01
754.38
767.15
20.30
20.40
-
906.10
896.15
913.50
936.36
13.02
13.15
13.62
13.35
12.74
12.48
12.74
13.39
12.92
12.69
12.99
13.59
493.62
487.51
504.06
520.09
496.06
491.81
506.66
517.98
477.75
466.75
470.11
510.16
502.59
488.57
494.92
538.16
_
15.79
16.47
16.81
15.49
12.39
15.84
16.56
16.89
15.44
12.34
16.67
17.31
17.79
16.62
13.29
16.55
17.23
17.70
16.32
13.20
630.02
683.51
704.34
537.50
491.88
632.02
685.58
704.31
535.77
489.90
668.47
725.29
756.08
581.70
518.31
660.35
713.32
739.86
579.36
517.44
_
18.03
19.05
17.72
21.30
13.49
17.99
19.08
17.54
21.40
13.33
18.76
19.79
17.75
22.84
14.19
18.78
19.75
17.93
22.81
14.21
762.67
811.53
754.87
896.73
567.93
759.18
812.81
736.68
894.52
562.53
784.17
815.35
752.60
970.70
600.24
783.13
815.68
756.65
971.71
591.14
12.66
12.67
13.15
13.24 $13.22
481.08
482.73
497.07
509.74 $507.65
509.29
438.91
431.65
459.41
613.86
551.21
525.16
539.76
476.25
517.53
389.06
511.00
443.50
430.90
467.68
609.56
544.90
527.61
544.83
477.48
519.79
391.89
529.59
454.86
455.25
477.87
635.16
599.40
546.72
569.89
496.40
534.66
398.41
542.73
456.76
460.50
488.43
656.04
613.66
568.51
591.53
508.82
548.06
407.05
442.60
444.18
558.38
430.05
463.05
304.65
527.96
423.75
491.36
362.18
442.97
442.75
558.29
434.31
463.81
310.54
536.90
414.04
502.20
361.72
454.98
444.60
569.66
457.81
471.74
313.69
548.84
443.39
537.49
363.91
461.65
452.88
597.63
467.23
479.52
320.54
562.37
436.16
535.72
371.47
_
221.93
225.15
230.44
236.20
236.78
324.68
354.78
350.30
247.07
265.96
325.97
358.31
354.50
249.00
257.82
335.74
368.15
352.84
245.13
273.59
338.67
372.59
364.90
247.15
277.22
10.86
11.40
14.10
10.83
11.43
13.92
Trucl<ing and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage
42
421
422
13.00
13.21
10.48
13.05
13.25
10.56
13.07
13.25
10.85
13.09
13.29
10.77
-
Water transportation:
Water transportation services
449
17.55
17.35
19.80
Pipelines, except natural gas
46
20.50
20.46
Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement
47
472
4724
473
12.99
13.07
13.55
13.37
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services
48
481
4813
483
484
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
49
491
492
493
495
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
IWedical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509
13.16
11.52
11.48
11.81
15.74
14.28
12.84
13.84
12.37
13.27
10.32
13.17
11.61
11.46
11.87
15.67
14.19
12.90
13.97
12.37
13.26
10.34
13.72
11.97
12.14
12.38
16.37
15.33
13.27
14.65
12.86
13.78
10.71
13.81
12.02
12.28
12.46
16.36
15.38
13.44
14.90
12.98
13.84
10.74
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
11.93
12.07
15.34
11.75
12.25
9.04
13.40
11.27
13.28
9.95
11.94
12.13
15.38
11.77
12.27
9.08
13.49
11.13
13.50
9.91
12.33
12.35
15.78
12.34
12.48
9.42
13.79
11.73
14.41
10.28
12.41
12.58
16.24
12.56
12.52
9.54
13.92
11.60
14.21
10.29
7.87
7.90
8.23
8.23
9.33
9.72
9.84
7.97
8.47
9.34
9.79
9.82
7.93
8.29
9.76
10.17
10.11
8.09
9.15
9.76
10.18
10.25
8.13
9.03
$838.89 $857.30 $860.31 $854.32
Mar.
1997"
366.05
433.20
540.10
10.56
11.27
12.39
52
521
523
525
526
Feb.
1997"
357.29
427.50
532.98
10.59
11.40
12.27
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores
Jan.
1997
355.87
431.64
477.02
41
411
413
Retail trade
Mar.
1996
359.00
434.34
473.62
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation
Wholesale trade
Feb.
1996
-
_
-
_
-
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
8.25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
1987
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
53
531
533
539
27.9
28.0
26.5
28.3
28.9
29.0
27.1
28.9
28.1
28.2
25.8
28.4
28.5
28.5
26.4
28.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
546
29.2
29.4
27.5
29.3
29.5
27.5
29.0
29.2
26.7
29.5
29.6
28.2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nec
55
551
553
554
559
35.1
36.8
36.7
31.9
34.3
35.4
37.0
37.3
32.0
34.1
35.0
36.4
36.7
31.8
36.2
35.5
37.2
37.2
31.9
36.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
24.9
28.5
23.0
25.5
24.9
25.7
28.3
24.0
26.6
25.4
25.3
28.4
23.1
26.1
25.5
25.9
28.9
24.2
26.3
26.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores
57
571
572
573
5731
5735
32.3
32.7
33.7
31.5
31.7
25.1
32.6
32.9
33.4
32.1
32.0
25.9
32.4
32.4
34.1
32.1
32.5
24.6
32.9
33.0
34.4
32.4
32.3
25.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Eating and drinking places'
58
24.7
24.9
24.1
25.2
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nec
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nec
59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999
29.8
28.5
30.7
27.4
33.2
40.3
32.0
33.2
31.2
29.4
28.3
30.9
27.5
32.9
38.8
30.6
33.6
31.3
28.9
28.4
30.5
26.9
32.3
40.0
29.0
33.3
29.1
29.6
28.9
30.7
27.6
31.9
39.5
31.2
33.5
29.6
35.7
35.7
35y
36.7
Finance, insurance, and real estate^
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
36.6
35.0
34.8
34.9
34.7
35.7
34.9
34.6
34.9
34.3
35.8
34.9
34.6
35.0
34.4
35.6
35.9
35.7
36.3
35.2
36.2
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
61
614
37.9
38.3
37.9
38.5
37.6
38.1
39.0
39.6
Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity sen/ices
628
36.7
36.5
36.6
38.6
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
63
631
632
6324
633
37.9
37.6
39.2
39.4
37.7
38.1
37.7
39.0
39.2
38.3
38.2
37.9
38.8
38.9
38.3
39.0
38.8
39.4
39.5
39.0
-
32.2
32.2 1
32.0
32.7
32.5
32.6 ;
31.3
32.1
-
-
60
602
6022
6021,9
606
07
-
-
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nec
Credit unions
Agricultural services
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
•
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
32.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
1987
SIC
Code
53
531
533
539
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Feb.
1996
$7.74
7.78
7.35
7.48
Mar.
1996
$7.81
7.86
7.29
7.49
Jan.
1997
$7.98
8.02
7.50
7.77
Feb.
1997>'
$8.07
8.11
7.49
7.82
Mar.
1997'
-
395.47
520.06
343.36
234.47
444.31
_
192.48
256.22
172.50
194.57
188.49
197.89
253.57
180.72
202.69
191.52
201.14
269.52
182.26
201.23
197.37
205.91
269.64
190.45
204.09
201.75
-
327.52
320.13
340.03
334.22
313.83
164.41
334.15
326.37
334.00
343.79
319.36
170.94
355.43
339.55
357.37
375.25
344.50
169.25
358.61
339.57
362,92
381.67
353.04
172.19
-
140.54
141.68
143.40
149.44
259.56
259.64
225.03
217.83
307.10
493.27
280.32
376.16
282.67
255.19
256.40
221.55
219.73
302.02
462.11
270.81
373.30
284.83
262.12
269.80
231.19
227.84
303.30
496.40
265.64
372.63
275.29
267.58
274.55
233.32
230.74
304.33
489.80
282.05
378.22
279.72
13.14 $13.17
453.75
454.82
464.10
482.24 $482.02
10.12
9.66
9.53
9.76
10.01
10.25
9.79
9.61
9.92
10.11
345.10
327.47
321.78
331.39
348.79
344.81
325.24
323.17
326.19
349.05
353.19
334.24
333.55
335.74
356.36
367.98
349.50
348.84
349.18
365.98
-
480.19
399.85
481.33
401.17
496.70
434.72
514.02
455.80
-
-
669.04
661.38
674.54
719.89
-
575.32
545.58
558.99
573.27
618.66
581.03
549.67
560.82
576.24
630.04
584.08
537.42
558.33
568.72
641.53
602.16
553.68
576.03
587.76
657.54
55
551
553
554
559
10.51
13.03
8.96
7.09
11.13
10.75
13.49
8.99
7.06
11.36
10.94
13.71
9.16
7.34
12.01
11.14
13.98
9.23
7.35
12.24
_
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
7.73
8.99
7.50
7.63
7.57
7.70
8.96
7.53
7.62
7.54
7.95
9.49
7.89
7.71
7.74
7.95
9.33
7.87
7.76
7.73
_
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores
57
571
572
573
5731
5735
10.14
9.79
10.09
10.61
9.90
6.55
10.25
9.92
10.00
10.71
9.98
6.60
10.97
10.48
10.48
11.69
10.60
6.88
10.90
10.29
10.55
11.78
10.93
6.86
Eating and drinking places'
58
5.69
5.69
5.95
5.93
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nec
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nec
59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999
8.71
9.11
7.33
7.95
9.25
12.24
8.76
11.33
9.06
8.68
9.06
7.17
7.99
9.18
11.91
8.85
11.11
9.10
9.07
9.50
7.58
8.47
9.39
12.41
9.16
11.19
9.46
9.04
9.50
7.60
8.36
9.54
12.40
9.04
11.29
9.45
12.71
12.74
13.00
9.86
9.41
9.22
9.55
9.77
9.88
9.40
9.26
9.51
9.75
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nec
Credit unions
60
602
6022
6021,9
606
Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
61
614
12.67
10.44
12.70
10.42
13.21
11.41
13.18
11.51
Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services
626
18.23
18.12
18.43
18.65
9.19
-
382.90
499.04
336.17
233.41
434.76
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nec
07
-
380.55
499.13
335.33
225.92
387.38
8.60
8.70
7.54
Agricultural services
-
368.90
479.50
328.83
226.17
381.76
8.60
8.70
7.58
11.72
-
253.70
257.52
212.63
8.37
8.46
7.35
Services
$215.95 $225.71 $224.24 $230.00
217.84 227.94 226.16 231.14
194.78 197.56 193.50 197.74
211.68 216.46 220.67 226.00
Mar.
1997"
249.40
254.04
202.39
8.36
8.46
7.42
15.18
14.51
14.26
14.55
16.41
Feb.
1997"
245.24
249.57
202.13
54
541
546
63
631
632
6324
633
Jan.
1997
244.11
248.72
204.05
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty Insurance
Mar.
1996
_
_
_
Finance, Insurance, and real estate^
Feb.
1996
15.25
14.68
14.38
14.70
16.45
1S.29
14.18
14.39
14.62
16.75
15.44,
14.27
14.62
14.88
16.86
11.72
12.20
12.25
9.17
9.54
9.48
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
12.27
-
377.38
377.38
390.40
400.58
298.68
298.94
298.60
304.31
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
_
-
-
-
400.00
-
Industry
Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
1987
SIC
Code
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
074
078
28.3
34.6
28.6
34.3
27.7
33.0
28.6
33.7
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels"
701
30.3
30.4
29.3
31.0
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops*
Miscellaneous personal services
721
723
729
33.7
27.2
30.1
34.0
27.5
26.8
33.0
27.1
23.5
Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic sen/ices:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nec
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car sen/ices
Security systems services
73
731
32.7
36.0
33.1
36.0
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
36.3
28.3
36.0
27.6
38.5
37.6
39.6
38.3
7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Mar.
1997"
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
33.5
27.8
28.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
32.8
36.2
33.5
37.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
36.3
28.5
36.9
27.8
38.7
37.4
39.4
38.8
35.2
27.9
35.6
27.2
37.9
37.5
38.6
37.7
36.4
28.9
37.7
28.1
38.5
38.2
39.5
38.3
31.3
37.6
38.0
37.5
37.9
39.0
32.7
33.4
36.6
32.2
37.6
38.0
37.6
37.9
39.4
32.8
33.7
36.5
31.5
37.6
37.8
37.9
38.4
39.0
32.9
34.6
36.7
32.3
38.6
38.8
39.6
38.4
38.4
33.1
34.7
36.4
75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542
35.9
35.9
36.1
32.9
38.1
37.9
37.6
31.1
28.9
36.1
36.0
36.2
33.2
38.3
38.2
37.8
31.4
29.2
35.7
36.2
35.6
33.2
38.0
38.1
37.6
29.8
26.4
36.1
35.9
35.7
33.9
38.3
38.5
37.6
30.9
27.9
Miscellaneous repair services
76
37.7
37.7
37.6
38.1
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental
78
781
784
30.2
39.5
23.2
30.2
39.1
23.2
30.1
38.6
23.4
30.8
39.4
24.0
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
26.4
24.9
25.8
18.1
27.3
26.2
25.3
25.7
16.0
27.3
25.8
24.3
25.1
18.1
26.7
26.6
24.8
26.1
19.1
27.8
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursino and oersonal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Mn^nltais
80
801
802
804
805
8052
806
32.5
32.6
28.0
29.5
32.0
31.5
34.4
32.5
32.8
27.9
29.6
31.9
31.6
34.3
32.7
32.9
27.8
29.9
32.1
31.5
34.6
33.0
33.3
28.5
30.6
32.4
31.8
34.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
Industty
Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
1987
SIC
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
1
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
074
078
$9.02
9.38
$9.05
9.32
$9.32
9.75
$9.29
9.68
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels'
701
8.04
8.02
8.47
8.47
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops'
Miscellaneous personal services
721
723
729
7.67
8.73
7.36
7.68
8.78
7.73
7.92
8.84
8.20
7.94
8.84
7.92
Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nec
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nec
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer Integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
73
731
11.05
16.10
11.04
16.19
11.65
16.56
11.75
16.79
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
10.50
7.45
9.62
7.20
11.32
10.58
14.70
10.42
10.55
7.45
9.51
7.20
11.37
10.50
14.88
10.45
10.76
7.71
9.95
7.44
11.81
11.00
15.40
10.86
10.81
7.77
10.03
7.50
11.82
10.83
15.33
10.93
-
7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
9.14
18.18
20.94
19.33
14.76
14.16
9.34
7.25
11.52
9.13
18.24
21.08
19.33
14.70
13.87
9.33
7.26
11.38
9.63
19.34
22.34
19.85
15.11
14.08
9.53
7.58
11.97
9.60
19.64
22.80
20.24
14.89
14.10
9.60
7.65
12.03
-
Auto repair, sen/lces, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Canwashes
75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542
10.06
9.75
8.71
7.22
11.27
11.83
11.25
7.58
6.58
10.11
9.74
8.73
7.20
11.33
11.87
11.30
7.67
6.68
10.52
9.91
8.84
7.40
11.76
12.39
11.73
7.88
6.86
10.46
9.94
8.87
7.50
11.74
12.37
11.69
7.75
6.88
Miscellaneous repair services
76
11.85
11.94
12.47
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental
78
781
784
14.26
19.68
5.96
14.26
19.55
5.99
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs
79
793
799
7991
7997
9.18
6.84
8.62
8.28
8.92
Health sendees
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals
80
801
802
804
805
8052
806
12.73
12.88
12.68
11.79
8.91
8.29
14.61
-
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
$255.27 $258.83 $258.16 $265.69
324.55 319.68 321.75 326.22
Mar.
1997"
-
243.61
243.81
248.17
262.57
-
258.48
237.46
221.54
261.12
241.45
207.16
261.36
239.56
192.70
265.99
245.75
228.89
-
361.34
579.60
365.42
582.84
382.12
599.47
393.63
626.27
381.15
210.84
346.32
198.72
435.82
397.81
582.12
399.09
382.97
212.33
350.92
200.16
440.02
392.70
586.27
405.46
378.75
215.11
354.22
202.37
447.60
412.60
594.44
409.42
393.48
224.55
378.13
210.75
455.07
413.71
605.54
418.62
286.08
683.57
795.72
724.88
559.40
552.24
305.42
242.15
421.63
293.99
685.82
801.04
726.81
557.13
546.48
306.02
244.66
415.37
303.35
727.18
844.45
752.32
580.22
549.12
313.54
262.27
439.30
310.08
758.10
884.64
801.50
571.78
541.44
317.76
265.46
437.89
-
361.15
350.03
314.43
237.54
429.39
448.36
423.00
235.74
190.16
364.97
350.64
316.03
239.04
433.94
453.43
427.14
240.84
195.06
375.56
358.74
314.70
245.68
446.88
472.06
441.05
234.82
181.10
377.61
356.85
316.66
254.25
449.64
476.25
439.54
239.48
191.95
12.53
-
446.75
450.14
468.87
477.39
14.83
20.47
6.32
14.65
19.99
6.40
430.65
777.36
138.27
430.65
764.41
138.97
446.38
790.14
147.89
451.22
787.61
153.60
_
-
9.09
6.79
8.59
8.14
8.89
9.38
7.17
8.78
8.29
9.19
9.46
7.20
8.80
8.31
9.18
242.35
170.32
222.40
149.87
243.52
238.16
171.79
220.76
146.52
242.70
242.00
174.23
220.38
150.05
245.37
251.64
178.56
229.68
158.72
255.20
_
12.73
12.92
12.69
11.80
8.91
8.29
14.59
13.09
13.48
13.38
12.09
9.17
8.61
14.89
13.11
13.52
13.39
12.20
9.17
8.62
14.91
432.63
450.22
381.62
373.32
297.11
274.12
515.89
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
_
-
413.73
419.89
355.04
347.81
285.12
261.14
502.58
413.73
423.78
354.05
349.28
284.23
261.96
500.44
428.04
443.49
371.96
361.49
294.36
271.22
515.19
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
Industry
Services—Continued
Health sen/ices—Continued
Home health care services
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
1987
SIC
Code
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997'
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
808
27.7
27.8
28.3
28.7
-
-
-
Legal services
81
34.7
34.7
34.3
35.5
-
-
-
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nec
83
832
833
835
836
839
30.9
31.1
30.3
29.8
31.7
31.7
30.8
30.9
30.5
29.6
31.6
31.5
30.8
31.0
30.7
29.0
31.8
31.7
31.4
31.7
31.1
30.1
32.3
32.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Membership organizations:
Professional organizations
862
34.8
34.3
34.2
35.3
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural sen/ices
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bool^keeping
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management seroices
Management consulting sen/Ices
Public relations services
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
37.2
38.6
38.8
38.3
37.0
37.8
36.0
39.2
29.9
35.6
36.1
35.3
36.2
35.0
37.3
38.7
39.0
37.8
37.5
38.6
36.2
39.9
29.7
35.7
35.8
34.6
36.2
35.7
36.8
38.8
39.2
37.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
39.8
29.8
36.5
35.8
35.1
36.3
35.0
37.8
39.5
39.8
39.1
36.9
37.9
37.0
40.8
30.6
37.1
36.6
36.0
37.1
36.2
Services, nec
89
36.1
36.1
34.9
36.6
See footnotes at end of table.
1
i
Jan.
1997
-
Feb.
1997'
Mar.
1997'
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1987
SIC
Code
industry
Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care seroices
808
81
Legal services
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Mar.
1997"
Feb.
1997"
$11.09 $11.10 $11.34 $11.45
16.38
16.42
17.01
17.31
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related sen/ices
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nec
83
832
833
835
836
839
8.47
9.00
8.25
7.25
8.62
10.02
8.48
9.01
8.22
7.30
8.64
10.03
8.74
9.23
8.52
7.50
8.85
10.47
8.77
9.31
8.55
7.49
8.86
10.59
Membership organizations:
Professional organizations
862
16.18
16.23
17.16
17.40
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Sun/eying sen/ices
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
Research and testing seroices
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management sen/ices
Management consulting seroices
Public relations sereices
87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
16.04
17.75
18.46
16.15
12.62
13.94
16.99
19.44
12.90
19.53
14.96
13.38
17.25
13.54
16.09
17.82
18.50
16.28
12.73
13.94
17.00
19.43
12.79
19.50
15.07
13.47
17.24
13.72
16.76
18.48
19.31
16.51
12.96
14.20
17.52
19.67
13.72
20.44
15.97
14.33
17.98
14.82
16.95
18.73
19.54
16.80
13.26
14.46
17.76
19.81
14.01
20.84
16.15
14.54
18.20
15.03
Sen/ices, nec
89
15.61
15.70
16.71
17.14
^ Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction wori«ers In construction; and nonsupervisory worlcers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
" See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
^ Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7
million or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
-
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
Mar.
1997" i 1997"
$307.19 $308.58 $320.92 $328.62
i
-
568.39
569.77
583.44
614.51
-
261.72
279.90
249.98
216.05
273.25
317.63
261.18
278.41
250.71
216.08
273.02
315.95
269.19
286.13
261.56
217.50
281.43
331.90
275.38^
295.13 {
265.91
225.45
286.181
342.061
-
563.06
556.69
586.87
614.221I
-
_
-
_
-
1
1
-
600.16
689.63
721.50
615.38
477.38
538.08
615.40
775.26
379.86
696.15
539.51
466.06
624.09
489.80
616.77
717.02
756.95
625.73
473.04
512.62 !
632.47
782.87
408.86
746.06
571.73
502.98
652.67
518.70
739.84
777.69 !
656.88
489.29:
548.03 i
657.12
808.25
428.71 !
773.16 1
591.09
523.44
675.22;
544.09 !
-
563.52
566.77
583.18
627.32
-
-
-
-
-
!
640.71 1
596.69
685.15
716.25
618.55
466.94
526.93
611.64
762.05
385.71
695.27
540.06
472.31
624.45
473.90
-
_
_
~
-
-
-
-
* Money payments only; tips, not included.
' Excludes nonofflce commissioned real estate sales agents.
- Data not available.
' = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment sun/ey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward are subject to
revision.
Corrected 1996 annual averages for production workers in selected manufacturing industries
Industry
Durable goods
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezersTransportation equipment
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft engines and engine parts
1987
SIC
Code
Average
weekly
hours
Average
weekly
overtime
hours
35
351
3511
36
363
3632
37
372
3724
42.4
43.1
42.8
41.7
41.5
41.3
41.3
44.0
43.2
44.6
4.8
4.9
4.6
4.6
4.0
2.9
1.6
5.9
5.9
6.5
NOTE: These data replace those published in the March 1997 Issue of this publication.
Average
hourly
earnings
Average
weekly
earnings
$13.34
13.59
16.35
18.36
12.17
S565.62
585.73
699.78
765.61
505.06
496.01
568.29
758.56
802.66
812.61
12.01
13.76
17.24
18.58
18.22
A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing
For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to escalate
labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and
their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition
take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not
capture "lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general
wage increases" which were negotiated in aerospace
manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in
late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry,
BLS has calculated average hourly earnings series for SIC
3721 andSIC3761 which include lump-sum payments. These
series, beginning in October 1983, the effective date of the
first aerospace bargaining agreement using lump-sum
payments, were published in the June 1988 issue oiEmployment
and Earnings. Current and year earlier data are presented in
table B-15a along with the average hourly earnings series
produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics
program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
B-15a. Average hourly earnings In aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series
Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
Jan.
1996
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997'
Jan.
1996
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997°
Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments
$20.49
$20.34
$20.50
$20.46
$18.68
$18.90
$20.43
$20.67
Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments
20.81
20.66
20.88
20.85
18.68
18.90
20.43
20.67
preliminary.
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
$11.97
$11.94
$12.38
$12.36
$12.39
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
12.45
9.77
9.64
11.85
13.78
11.68
12.67
11.31
15.99
12.39
9.90
12.39
9.82
9.67
11.87
13.83
11.69
12.64
11.38
15.77
12.42
9.88
12.88
10.11
10.00
12.29
14.13
12.05
13.11
11.91
16.31
12.80
10.23
12.86
10.10
10.00
12.30
14.09
12.05
13.10
11.91
16.27
12.80
10.19
12.87
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products
11.27
10.49
17.35
9.11
7.63
13.64
12.04
15.12
18.36
10.62
8.24
11.30
10.56
18.32
9.10
7.66
13.66
12.04
15.17
17.98
10.64
8.26
11.63
10.82
17.89
9.41
7.91
13.96
12.38
15.51
18.82
10.92
8.62
11.63
10.76
18.03
9.39
7.95
13.99
12.40
15.61
19.11
10.89
8.70
$11.68
0
0
n
0
f)
Industry
Manufacturing
' Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
' Not available.
" = preliminary.
«
ft
0
0
0
0
0
0
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward are
subject to revision.
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1996
IVIar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997'
Mar.
1997"
Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
$11.69
7.44
$11.69
7.41
$12.12
7.51
$12.14
7.50
$12.17
Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
15.62
9.94
15.51
9.83
16.16
10.02
16.04
9.91
$15.97
Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
15.14
9.64
15.13
9.59
15.70
9.73
15.65
9.67
$15.72
iUanufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
12.57
8.00
12.54
7.95
13.04
8.08
Transportation and public utilities:
Cun-ent dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
14.45
9.20
14.44
9.15
Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
12.66
8.06
Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
(^
Feb.
1996
Mar.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Mar.
1997"
$398.63 $399.80 $410.87 $418.83 $421.08
253.74 253.36 254.72 258.86
ft
704.46
448.42
697.95
442.30
714.27
442.82
733.03
453.05
$731.43
576.83
367.17
576.45
365.30
569.91
353.32
585.31
361.75
$602.08
(^
13.03
8.05
$13.09
0
519.14
330.45
517.90
328.20
541.16
335.50
542.05
335.01
$549.78
14.75
9.14
14.66
9.06
$14.66
0
569.33
362.40
570.38
361.46
576.73
357.55
580.54
358.80
$579.07
12.67
8.03
13.15
8.15
13.24
8.18
$13.22
(=)
481.08
306.23
482.73
305.91
497.07
308.16
509.74
315.04
$507.65
7.87
5.01
7.90
5.01
8.23
5.10
8.23
5.09
$8.25
221.93
141.27
225.15
142.68
230.44
142.86
236.20
145.98
$236.78
Finance, insurance, and reai estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
12.71
8.09
12.74
8.07
13.00
8.06
13.14
8.12
$13.17
453.75
288.83
454.82
288.23
464.10
287.72
482.24
298.05
$482.02
Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars
11.72
7.46
11.72
7.43
12.20
7.56
12.25
7.57
$12.27
377.38
240.22
377.38
239.15
390.40
242.03
400.58
247.58
$400.00
' Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wliolesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
' Not available.
" = preliminary.
(^
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 fonvard are subject to
revision.
Average hourly eamtngs
Average weekly hours
state and area
Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile
41.3
41.7
43.0
41.4
42.7
42.8
41.7
42.6
42.2
$11.41
12.21
13.33
$11.68
12.79
14.10
$11.66
12.73
14.01
$471.23
509.16
573.19
$483.55
546.13
603.48
$486,22
542.30
591.22
Alaska
44.9
27.3
52.0
9.83
13.35
10.41
441.37
364.45
541.32
Arizona
42.8
40.8
40.9
11.26
11.62
11.56
481.93
474.10
472,80
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rook
Pine Bluff
41.1
41.2
41.8
41.1
41.9
40.6
41.1
38.5
39.8
41.6
40.6
41.3
39.7
39.1
41.4
10.21
9.77
10.02
10.99
11.52
10.62
9.91
10.54
11.55
12.01
10.61
10.10
10.57
11.41
12.04
419.63
402.52
418.84
451.69
482.69
431.17
407.30
405.79
459.69
499.62
430.77
41713
419,63
446,13
498,46
California
Bal<ersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
41.0
41.4
41,3
41.9
39.8
42.1
41.4
40.7
39.7
38.4
39.3
40.6
41.5
40.7
38.8
40.9
40.6
42.0
41.2
40.5
40.4
42.2
41.5
42.4
42.3
41.2
39.9
38.2
39.6
40.5
41.0
40.9
39.5
41.9
41.4
42.0
41.4
42.0
40.2
42.0
41.4
42.4
42.7
41.2
39.8
38.5
39.9
40.7
41.6
41.2
39.8
40.9
41.7
42.0
12.67
13.33
11.14
11.94
12.37
15.25
12.76
11.45
13.89
13.38
12.47
13.37
15.60
12.88
14.23
12.86
14.36
12.25
13.02
13.64
11.50
12.20
13.48
15.72
12.83
11.54
13.99
13.80
13.03
14.19
16.10
13.48
14.68
13.19
15.33
12.48
13.05
13.56
11.56
12.21
13.46
15.72
12.85
11.67
13.93
13.73
13.00
14.19
16.05
13.52
14.88
13.08
15.42
12.50
519.47
551.86
460.08
500.29
492.33
642.03
528.26
466.02
551.43
513.79
490.07
542.82
647.40
524.22
552.12
525.97
583.02
514.50
536.42
552.42
464.60
514.84
559.42
666.53
542,71
475.45
558,20
52716
515,99
574,70
660,10
551,33
579,86
552,66
634,66
524.16
540,27
569.52
464.71
512,82
557.24
666,53
548.70
480.80
554.41
528.61
518.70
577.53
667.68
557.02
592.22
534.97
643.01
525.00
Colorado
Denver
40.0
39.6
41.7
41.0
41.4
40.7
12.66
12.64
13.05
12.87
13.05
12.78
506.40
500.54
544,19
527.67
540.27
520.15
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hanford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Nora/alk
Waterbury
42.6
42.3
46.5
42.3
40.9
42.8
39.8
42.5
42.7
42.8
43.2
43.1
43.1
42.2
41.1
44.8
42.3
42.8
43.9
42.0
42.6
42.5
41.9
44.5
13.85
14.29
13.88
14.32
13.09
14.66
14.02
12.98
14.21
14.95
15.06
15.15
13.95
14.63
13.86
13.36
14.22
14.88
14.73
15.08
14.04
14.56
13.85
13.40
590.01
604.47
645.42
605.74
535.38
627.45
558.00
551.65
606,77
639.86
650.59
652.97
601.25
617.39
569.65
598.53
601.51
636,86
646,65
633,36
598.10
618.80
580.32
596.30
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
40.1
41.4
41.0
41.1
39.2
42.8
41.2
40.0
43.7
14.45
12.92
17.21
14.42
13.13
17.53
14.58
13.23
17.72
579.45
534.89
705.61
592,66
514,70
750,28
600.70
529.20
774.36
District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA
38.7
38.6
38.0
13.48
13.62
13.82
521.68
525,73
525.16
Florida
41.0
41.7
41.2
10.38
10.78
10.77
425.58
449.53
443,72
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
41.7
42.2
47.3
42.4
43.0
50.2
41.9
42.4
49.7
10.99
11.65
13.81
11.42
12.41
14.16
11.45
12.50
14.32
458.28
491.63
653.21
484,21
533,63
710.83
479.76
530.00
711.70
Hawaii
Honolulu
34.6
38.0
36.9
38.9
38.8
40.4
12.91
13.03
13.11
13.06
13.24
13.16
446.69
495.14
483.76
508.03
513.71
531.66
Idaho
39.2
38.5
39.4
12.54
12.28
12.73
491.57
472.78
501.56
Illinois
Bloomlngton-Normal
Champalgn-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Mollne-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
41.4
40.8
41.3
41.7
41.5
42.5
41.0
40.3
41.6
41.4
41.8
43.9
41.2
41.8
42.0
42.5
41.0
41.8
42.2
42.2
41.7
43.6
41.3
41.9
41.9
42.8
41.9
42.3
42.7
41.8
12.88
16.86
10.62
12.78
14.90
15.74
13.79
16.21
14.33
11.70
13.23
17.86
10.85
13.12
15.17
16.32
14.45
16.47
14.48
11.83
13.28
17.93
10.76
13.13
15.24
16.35
14.54
16.48
15.05
11.84
533.23
687.89
438.61
532.93
618.35
668.95
565.39
653.26
596.13
484.38
553.01
784,05
447.02
548,42
637.14
693.60
592.45
688.45
611,06
499.23
553.78
781.75
444.39
550.15
638.56
699.78
609.23
897.10
642.64
494.91
Average weekly hours
State and area
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute
42.1
38.2
38.7
41.8
40.7
42.5
43.1
50.4
43.8
43.2
43.3
40.5
42.5
41.1
39.0
42.5
41.4
43.0
44.3
48.8
42.6
44.5
40.4
40.8
42.9
40.7
40.0
42.9
41.5
43.3
43.8
46.5
43.8
43.9
41.5
42.3
S14.12
10.59
12.23
12.69
14.53
18.59
15.31
18.58
14.84
15.19
12.01
13.45
SI 4.91
12.90
12.13
14.25
14.58
18.33
15.93
18.91
14.38
14.54
12.84
14.34
$14.78
12.92
12.32
14.41
14.52
18.06
15.81
18.97
14.72
14.42
12.89
14.52
S594.45
404.54
473.30
530.44
591.37
790.08
659.86
936.43
649.99
656.21
520.03
544.73
$633.68
530.19
473.07
605.63
603.61
788.19
705.70
922.81
612.59
647.03
518.74
585.07
S634.06
525.84
492.80
618.19
602.58
782.00
692.48
882.11
644.74
633.04
534.94
614.20
Iowa
Cedar Rapids.
Des Moines....
Dubuque
Sioux City
41.6
41.0
41.0
41.0
39.9
40.8
43.4
41.4
41.2
38.4
41.8
44.4
41.3
41.6
38.5
13.02
15.63
13.99
13.85
10.72
13.42
16.26
13.55
14.64
11.22
13.27
15.62
13.56
14.73
11.03
541.63
640.83
573.59
567.85
427.73
547.54
705.68
560.97
603.17
430.85
554.69
693.53
560.03
612.77
424.66
Kansas....
Topeka.
Wichita.
42.2
43.7
44.3
41.7
44.1
43.7
41.8
44.0
43.7
12.65
14.17
14.62
13.23
14.79
15.38
13.22
14.68
15.41
533.83
619.23
647.67
551.69
652.24
672.11
552.60
645.92
673.42
Kentucky ....
Lexington .
Louisville ..
40.7
42.7
40.9
41.2
42.7
41.8
41.5
42.5
41.9
12.48
13.28
13.87
12.94
13.83
14.08
13.01
13.80
14.24
507.94
567.06
567.28
533.13
590.54
588.54
539.92
586.50
596.66
Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossler City.
44.3
42.9
44.1
42.4
44.1
42.3
45.0
43.2
42.6
43.0
44.4
43.1
13.45
15.92
14.08
13.95
13.95
16.11
14.56
14.06
14.11
16.10
14.43
13.97
595.84
682.97
620.93
591.48
615.20
681.45
655.20
607.39
601.09
692.30
640.69
602.11
Maine
Lewlston-Auburn
Portland
39.5
37.8
37.5
39.9
39.7
38.0
39.9
41.2
37.7
12.46
10.89
11.23
13.04
11.39
11.35
13.08
11.41
11.24
492.17
411.64
421.13
520.30
452.18
431.30
521.89
470.09
423.75
Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
41.4
41.9
40.7
41.1
40.7
41.2
13.52
14.27
13.99
14.72
14.08
14.79
559.73
597.91
569.39
604.99
573.06
609.35
Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester
41.6
41.4
40.9
41.4
42.2
41.9
41.1
42.4
41.9
41.7
41.1
42.1
12.95
13.88
12.37
12.50
13.15
14.22
12.72
13.17
13.23
14.34
12.79
13.20
538.72
574.63
505.93
517.50
554.93
595.82
522.79
558.41
554.34
597.98
525.67
555.72
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Raplds-Muskegon-Holland .
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay CIty-Mldland
43.2
43.9
44.8
45.5
41.0
39.9
42.8
42.7
46.7
44.2
45.7
45.7
46.9
41.6
41.6
43.3
44.4
48.2
44.2
45.1
45.3
46.8
41.7
41.7
44.5
44.6
48.7
16.40
16.95
18.08
20.99
14.11
12.63
15.16
17.05
19.19
16.93
17.65
18.38
22.18
14.75
12.76
16.13
18.17
20.29
16.91
17.45
18.40
21.85
14.60
13.01
15.66
18.28
20.30
708.48
744.10
809.98
955.04
578.51
503.94
648.85
728.03
896.17
748.31
806.60
839.97
1040.24
613.60
530.82
698.43
806.75
977.98
747.42
786.99
833.52
1022.58
608.82
542.52
696.87
815.29
988.61
Minnesota
Duluth-Superlor
MInneapolls-St. Paul
St. Cloud
41.5
40.5
41.5
42.1
40.6
39.5
41.0
42.9
41.0
40.5
40.9
41.3
12.92
11.33
13.85
12.29
13.41
11.74
14.24
12.51
13.53
11.67
14.48
12.39
536.18
458.87
574.78
517.41
544.45
463.73
583.84
536.68
554.73
472.64
592.23
511.71
40.8
39.8
41.7
41.6
41.2
41.8
10.09
11.09
10.37
11.93
10.32
11.76
411.67
441.38
432.43
496.29
425.18
491.57
Missouri.
Kansas City
St. Louis...
Springfield
40.7
42.4
41.9
39.7
40.7
41.7
42.3
38.3
41.1
42.5
43.0
38.3
12.31
14.00
15.08
10.52
12.90
14.36
15.56
10.96
12.76
14.02
15.45
11.00
501.02
593.60
631.85
417.64
525.03
598.81
658.19
419.77
524.44
595.85
664.35
421.30
Montana
39.6
39.0
40.0
13.07
13.06
13.02
517.57
509.34
520.80
41.4
43.2
41.2
40.7
44.7
41.9
40.2
44.1
42.0
11.35
13.00
12.38
11.92
13.42
13.00
11.94
13.48
13.14
469.89
561.60
510.06
485.14
599.87
544.70
479.99
594.47
551.88
41.6
42.0
42.1
35.7
42.4
37.4
13.19
14.41
14.09
16.01
14.39
15.86
548.70
605.22
593.19
571.56
610.14
593.16
Indiana
Bloomlngton
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansvllle-Henderson...
Fort Wayne
Ga^
Nevada
Las Vegas...
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly hours
State and area
Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
New Hampshire
Mancfiester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rocfiester
41.9
42.6
41.5
41.3
42.0
42.4
42.2
42.2
41.7
40.9
41.8
40.6
S12.00
12.15
14.73
12.23
$12.50
13.37
14.80
11.77
$12.46
13.31
14.80
11.87
$502.80
517.59
611.30
505.10
$525.00
566.89
624.56
496.69
$519.58
544.38
618.64
481.92
New Jersey
41.8
42.0
41.6
13.71
14.14
14.13
573.08
593.88
587.81
438.58
450.17
444.18
470.45
446.71
475.54
New Mexico
Albuquerque
40.2
41.3
39.1
39.5
40.1
40.3
10.91
10.90
11.36
11.91
11.14
11.80
New Yorit
Albany-Sofieneotady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elm Ira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
40.5
40.2
41.4
42.8
35.6
42.7
39.3
38.2
37.9
39.4
43.2
42.4
42.1
39.9
39.8
41.1
41.5
39.6
42.8
38.8
40.3
39.7
39.1
38.8
40.2
43.0
43.1
43.6
39.8
40.3
40.8
41.3
40.4
43.0
38.8
40.6
39.5
38.6
38.2
41.1
42.3
43.5
43.0
40.4
41.2
12.61
13.90
10.29
15.75
11.57
11.78
11.78
11.46
11.19
11.30
14.12
14.93
13.64
11.37
12.19
12.99
14.44
10.21
16.09
11.81
12.12
11.97
11.88
11.68
11.53
14.55
15.37
14.20
11.72
12.04
13.03
14.50
10.03
16.26
11.83
12.00
12.07
11.92
11.74
11.30
14.63
15.47
14.17
11.68
12.00
510.71
558.78
426.01
674.10
411.89
503.01
462.95
437.77
424.10
445.22
609.98
633.03
574.24
453.66
485.16
533.89
599.26
404.32
688.65
458.23
488.44
475.21
464.51
453.18
463.51
625.65
662.45
619.12
466.46
485.21
531.62
598.85
405.21
699.18
459.00
487.20
476.77
460.11
448.47
464.43
618.85
672.95
609.31
471.87
494.40
North Caroiina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Dutham-Chapel Hiil
40.4
41.0
40.4
40.1
41.0
41.0
42.1
41.5
40.1
41.5
40.0
40.5
40.5
39.3
41.2
10.77
10.34
11.44
11.07
11.74
11.22
10.78
12.17
11.43
12.22
11.19
10.89
12.17
11.42
12.21
435.11
423.94
462.18
443.91
481.34
460.02
453.84
505.06
458.34
507.13
447.60
441.05
492.89
448.81
503.05
North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead
40.4
41.6
39.3
38.6
41.6
39.1
10.58
10,76
11.07
10.60
11.24
10.84
427.43
447.62
435.05
409.16
467.58
423.84
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cieveiand-Loraih-Elyrla
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenviiie-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
43.1
43.0
41.0
42.3
43.4
42.2
44.7
45.6
42.9
42.7
44.2
43.9
43.0
43.6
43.1
41.4
43.0
43.4
42.3
45.5
46.1
43.7
45.0
42.3
45.0
43.3
43.5
43.1
41.6
42.7
43.3
42.5
45.0
45.0
44.1
44.6
42.8
44.2
43.7
14.52
12.20
12.96
13.91
14.46
13.43
15.66
16.18
15.06
15.24
16.30
16.24
15.92
14.97
12.60
13.36
14.29
14.74
14.06
16.11
16.42
15.96
16.04
15.14
16.81
16.32
14.90
12.68
13.31
14.15
14.72
13.97
15.99
16.31
15.73
16.01
15.17
16.66
16.22
625.81
524.60
531.36
588.39
627.56
566.75
700.00
737.81
646.07
650.75
720.46
712.94
684.56
652.69
543.06
553.10
614.47
639.72
594.74
733.01
756.96
697.45
721.80
640.42
756.45
706.66
648.15
546.51
553.70
604.21
637.38
593.73
719.55
733.95
693.69
714.05
649.28
736.37
708.81
Oidahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
42.5
44.1
42.2
41.2
43.0
41.6
41.5
42.8
41.6
11.27
12.37
12.09
12.12
13.89
12.38
12.19
14.08
12.52
478.98
545.52
510.20
499.34
597.27
515.01
505.89
602.62
520.83
Oregon
Eugene-Sprlngfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
39.2
39.7
39.5
39.9
36.1
39.9
39.3
39.0
40.9
38.7
40.8
39.8
41.2
41.4
40.5
13.05
12.81
11.72
13.06
11.73
13.19
12.86
11.85
13.37
11.69
13.24
13.00
11.85
13.28
11.70
511.56
508.56
462.94
521.09
423.45
526.28
505.40
462.15
546.83
452.40
540.19
517.40
488.22
549.79
473.85
41.2
41.2
39.6
43.1
39.7
40.2
40.1
40.7
42.7
42.1
39.7
42.9
41.6
40.2
42.4
41.9
41.7
40.7
43.9
40.3
40.0
41.1
41.5
42.6
42.8
40.1
42.8
41.4
41.2
42.4
41.6
41.9
40.6
44.3
39.4
40.2
40.2
41.3
42.7
41.9
40.3
44.2
42.2
41.7
42.4
13.23
13.31
10.99
13.28
12.62
9.88
12.83
14.32
14.38
14.19
11.87
14.04
11.64
11.04
13.20
13.63
13.64
10.96
13.72
13.17
10.06
12.98
14.53
14.70
15.08
12.20
14.32
11.72
11.22
13.62
13.59
13.63
11.04
13.82
12.95
10.00
12.91
14.54
14.70
14.78
12.23
14.39
11.81
11.28
13.62
545.08
548.37
435.20
572.37
501.01
397.18
514.48
582.82
614.03
597.40
471.24
602.32
484.22
443.81
559.68
571.10
568.79
446.07
602.31
530.75
402.40
533.48
603.00
626.22
645.42
489.22
612.90
485.21
462.26
577.49
565.34
571.10
448.22
612.23
510.23
402.00
518.98
600.50
627.69
619.28
492.87
636.04
498.38
470.38
577.49
Ailentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
1-ancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scramon-Wilkes-Barre-Hazieton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
Average weekly hours
State and area
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
40.4
39.9
40.2
41.2
40.4
40.5
$10.84
10.71
$11.08
11.35
$11.05
11.33
$437.94
427.33
$445.42
467.62
$446.42
458.87
. 41.9
42.0
41.8
10.21
10.32
10.32
427.80
433.44
431.38
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
41.1
40.2
42.3
41.9
40.4
41.5
41.9
40.3
41.6
9.43
9.59
9.88
9.88
9.64
10.16
9.93
9.66
10.21
387.57
385.52
417.92
413.97
389.46
421.64
416.07
389.30
424.74
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Brlstol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
40.5
42.4
39.8
39.4
41.2
40.4
40.2
41.3
39.2
39.0
40.5
40.0
40.7
42.0
39.8
39.5
42.0
40.6
11.16
10.73
11.67
10.57
11.46
11.62
11.47
10.85
12.02
10.86
12.18
12.27
11.38
10.59
12.48
10.95
12.09
12.18
451.98
454.95
464.47
416.46
472.15
469.45
461.09
448.11
471.18
423.54
493.29
490.80
463.17
444.78
496.70
432.53
507.78
494.51
Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio
42.7
43.6
42.6
44.5
40.5
42.2
42.7
42.4
43.8
39.3
43.1
43.5
43.9
44.7
40.3
11.75
11.41
12.37
14.05
9.41
12.03
12.11
12.57
13.73
9.67
12.01
12.13
12.60
13.58
9.60
501.73
497.48
526.96
625.23
381.11
507.67
517.10
532.97
601.37
380.03
517.63
527.66
553.14
607.03
386.88
Utah
Salt U k e City-Ogden
40.1
40.2
39.1
39.0
40.0
39.8
11.99
12.05
12.67
12.51
12.86
12.58
480.80
484.41
495.40
487.89
514.40
500.68
Vermont
Burlington
40.6
42.8
40.6
44.2
40.1
43.9
12.31
12.59
12.50
13.03
12.47
13.03
499.79
538.85
507.50
575.93
500.05
572.02
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
41.4
41.6
40.3
41.1
39.5
41.7
44.2
40.6
41.6
39.2
43.3
43.6
39.7
39.4
42.7
39.6
41.3
43.1
42.4
42.0
40.0
39.8
42.1
38.5
12.09
9.94
10.15
11.60
11.76
12.12
16.10
12.64
12.35
10.55
9.81
12.03
11.94
12.36
15.63
13.62
12.29
9.70
9.79
12.20
11.95
12.19
15.53
13.16
500.53
413.50
409.05
476.76
464.52
505.40
711.62
513.18
513.76
413.56
424.77
524.51
474.02
486.98
667.40
539.35
507.58
418.07
415.10
512.40
478.00
485.16
653.81
506.66
Washington
39.6
40.2
40.3
14.66
15.00
15.03
580.54
603.00
605.71
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
41.5
48.1
39.9
41.7
40.3
41.2
46.2
41.7
44.3
38.4
41.7
47.0
42.5
44.3
39.8
12.71
13.90
14.60
16.04
15.47
12.95
14.33
14.64
16.58
13.78
12.88
14.33
14.31
16.62
13.55
527.47
668.59
582.54
668.87
623.44
533.54
662.05
610.49
734.49
529.15
537.10
673.51
608.18
736.27
539.29
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
41.7
43.9
48.8
42.5
44.6
38.3
40.7
40.7
41.7
39.8
43.8
41.6
42.1
44.2
45.2
42.7
44.6
37.7
40.4
41.3
42.0
41.9
44.7
43.4
42.2
44.8
44.2
42.0
45.9
39.5
41.4
41.3
41.8
41.6
44.0
41.6
12.99
14.06
13.33
13.84
16.78
13.82
11.34
12.34
14.07
13.17
12.72
12.38
13.53
14.79
13.21
14.49
17.44
14.29
11.67
12.69
14.72
13.83
12.78
13.15
13.53
14.65
13.09
14.59
17.45
14.03
11.90
12.77
14.70
13.96
13.05
13.03
541.68
617.23
650.50
588.20
748.39
529.31
461.54
502.24
586.72
524.17
557.14
515.01
569.61
653.72
597.09
618.72
777.82
538.73
471.47
524.10
618.24
579.48
571.27
570.71
570.97
656.32
578.58
612.78
800.96
554.19
492.66
527.40
614.46
580.74
574.20
542.05
Wyoming
39.3
39.2
40.2
12.14
14.12
14.02
477.10
553.50
563.60
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Puerto Rico
40.1
38.6
39.7
7.62
7.79
7.89
305.56
300.69
313.23
Virgin Islands
41.7
41.6
42.2
16.35
18.65
17.51
681.80
775.84
738.92
^ Not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1996 benchmarks.
C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted'
(Numbers in thousands)
Census region and
division
1996
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June
July
Aug.
1997
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec,
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
NORTHEAST
Civilian nonlnstitutlonal population^
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
39,723 39,730 39,733
25,555 25,669 25,794
23,986 24,187 24,282
1,512
1,482
1,569
5.9
5.8
6.1
39,739 39,746 39,754 39,766 39,780
25,675 25,723 25,779 25,829 25,827
24,255 24,279 24,434 24,452 24,432
1,394
1,377
1,345
1,444
1,420
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.6
5.5
39,788 39,794 39,798 39,788 39,783
25,859 25,844 26,120 26,155 26,046
24,442 24,413 24,610 24,698 24,610
1,458
1,510
1,431
1,417
1,436
5.6
5.8
5.5
5.5
5.5
New England
Civilian noninstitutional population®
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
10,300
7,044
6,706
338
4.8
10,304
7,081
6,716
365
5.2
10,307
7,045
6,702
343
4.9
29,428 29,430
18,587 18,625
17,366 17,482
1,143
1,221
6.1
6.6
29,429
18,713
17,566
1,147
6.1
29,432 29,433 29,436
18,630 18,770 18,779
17,553 17,646 17,725
1,054
1,124
1,077
5.6
6.0
5.8
10,295
6,968
6,620
348
5.0
10,313
6,953
6,633
320
4.6
10,318
7,000
6,708
291
4.2
10,323
7,072
6,739
332
4.7
10,329
7,059
6,727
333
4.7
10,341
7,056
6,758
298
4.2
10,343
7,111
6,780
331
4.7
29,443 29,451 29,455 29,455 29,456 29,447
18,758 18,768 18,783 18,797 19,008 19,099
17,713 17,706 17,690 17,709 17,836 17,939
1,062
1,045
1,160
1,093
1,171
1,089
5.7
5.6
6.1
5.8
6.2
5.8
29,440
18,935
17,830
1,105
5.8
10,333
7,077
6,753
324
4.6
10,339
7,047
6,705
342
4.9
10,342
7,113
6,774
339
4.8
Middle Atlantic
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
SOUTH
Civilian noninstitutional population®
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
70,257 70,344 70,423 70,508 70,591 70,680 70,778 70,878 70,963 71,046 71,129 71,187 71,250
46,161 46,116 46,188 46,275 46,572 46,495 46,742 47,040 46,960 47,135 47,096 47,108 47,450
43,718 43,675 43,715 43,904 44,142 44,184 44,360 44,580 44,447 44,700 44,726 44,522 44,900
2,474
2,441
2,443
2,461
2,382
2,311
2,430
2,370
2,586
2,513
2,550
2,371
2,436
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.1
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.0
5.2
South Atlantic
Civilian noninstitutional population® .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
36,292 36,337
23,769 23,830
22,581 22,643
1,187
1,188
5.0
5.0
36,376
23,957
22,736
1,221
5.1
36,419 36,461 36,504
23,964 24,103 24,071
22,791 22,883 22,911
1,161
1,221
1,174
4.8
5.1
4.9
12,369
7,836
7,405
431
5.5
12,381
7,786
7,366
420
5.4
12,393
7,882
7,492
390
5.0
36,555 36,604
24,068 24,176
22,879 22,997
1,179
1,190
4.9
4.9
36,647 36,689 36,731 36,759 36,790
24,142 24,214 24,335 24,157 24,451
22,987 23,017 23,155 22,889 23,266
1,185
1,181
1,155
1,268
1,197
4.8
4.9
4.8
5.2
4.9
East South Central
Civilian noninstitutional population®
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
12,355
7,919
7,501
418
5.3
12,436
8,020
7,609
411
5.1
12,453
8,123
7,612
510
6.3
12,466
8,103
7,582
520
6.4
12,492
8,051
7,590
461
5.7
12,501
8,135
7,686
448
5.5
12,509
8,177
7,713
464
5.7
21,723 21,754 21,787
14,453 14,470 14,654
13,663 13,666 13,872
781
804
790
5.3
5.5
5.6
21,821
14,742
13,971
772
5.2
21,850 21,879 21,907
14,716 14,789 14,710
13,878 14,009 13,982
729
779
838
5.0
5.7
5.3
21,928
14,816
13,947
869
5.9
21,952
14,822
13,921
901
6.1
12,407
8,015
7,596
420
5.2
12,422
7,954
7,608
346
4.4
12,478
8,133
7,673
460
5.7
West South Central
Civilian noninstitutional population® ..
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
See footnotes at end of table.
21,610 21,638
14,474 14,450
13,637 13,627
823
837
5.8
5.7
21,666 21,696
14,446 14,428
13,613 13,622
833
806
5.8
5.6
C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Census region and
division
1996
Mar.
Apr.
May.
June
July
Aug.
1997
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
MIDWEST
Civilian noninstltutlonal population''
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
46,757 46,791 46,817 46,851 46,879 46,915 46,951 46,992 47,025 47,054 47,085 47,098 47,115
32,597 32,675 32,666 32,690 32,757 32,650 32,644 32,690 32,778 32,723 32,588 32,593 32,727
31,154 31,202 31,191 31,210 31,234 31,201 31,187 31,248 31,267 31,245 31,157 31,202 31,417
1,443
1,473
1,475
1,480
1,523
1,449
1,456
1,442
1,512
1,478
1,431
1,391
1,310
4.4
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.0
1
East North Central
Civilian noninstltutlonal population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
32,935 32,958 32,974 32,994 33,013 33,035 33,059 33,086 33,107 33,126 33,145 33,152 33,162
22,544 22,607 22,586 22,591 22,607 22,536 22,506 22,561 22,634 22,613 22,576 22,588 22,737
21,513 21,554 21,509 21,516 21,529 21,494 21,438 21,521 21,579 21,529 21,557 21,560 21,742
1,031
1,042
1,052
1,078
1,075
1,078
1,068
1,041 1 1,055 1,083
1,019
1,028
996
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.6
4.7
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.5
4.6
4.4
West North Central
Civilian noninstltutlonal population^
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
13,822 13,833 13,843 13,857 13,866 13,880 13,892 13,906
10,053 10,068 10,079 10,099 10,150 10,114 10,137 10,129
9,641
9,647 9,682 9,694 9,705
9,707
9,749
9,727
412
421
397
405
445
408
388
402
4.1
4.0
4.4
4.0
4.2
3.9
3.8
4.0
13,918 13,928 13,940
10,144 10,110 10,012
9,687
9,715
9,600
456
395
412
4.5
4.1
3.9
13,946 13,953
10,005
9,990
9,642 9,675
363
315
3.6
3.1
WEST
Civilian noninstltutlonal population''
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
43,636 43,701 43,760 43,823 43,884 43,948 44,018 44,087 44,151 44,213 44,274 44,316 44,366
29,371 29,174 29,387 29,393 29,400 29,409 29,549 29,544 29,684 29,680 29,848 29,704 29,992
27,423 27,265 27,442 27,533 27,503 27,545 27,700 27,691 27,791 27,800 28,050 28,005 28,198
1,947
1,864
1,909
1,945
1,860
1,898
1,894
1,850
1,853
1,880
1,798
1,699
1,794
6.6
6.3
6.5
6.6
6.3
6.5
6.3
6.4
6.3
6.0
6.3
5.7
6.0
Mountain
Civilian noninstltutlonal population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
11,992 12,021 12,050 12,080 12,108 12,138 12,168
8,273
8,314
8,249 8,338
8,298 8,272
8,331
7,867
7,871 7,825
7,858
7,853
7,879
7,893
406
459
427
447
456
395
438
4.9
5.4
5.5
4.8
5.5
5.1
5.3
12,199 12,229 12,258 12,287 12,309 12,334
8,325
8,391 8,439
8,430
8,320 8,398
8,034
7,904
7,983
8,022
7,927 8,005
408
417
395
421
393
393
5.1
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.7
4.7
Pacific
Civilian noninstltutlonal population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
31,644 31,680 31,710 31,743 31,776 31,810 31,850 31,888 31,922 31,955 31,987 32,007 32,032
21,098 20,925 21,049 21,096 21,129 21,095 21,218 21,219 21,293 21,241 21,418 21,383 21,594
19,556 19,412 19,563 19,662 19,678 19,688 19,806 19,787 19,808 19,778 20,015 20,078 20,193
1,542
1,408
1,513
1,487
1,433
1,451
1,432
1,486
1,463
1,403
1,412
1,306
1,400
7.3
7.2
6.9
6.7
7.1
6.8
6.7
6.7
7.0
6.9
6.6
6.1
6.5
inese estimates may differ from Km lesulis oDiained from summing the
official State estimates produced and published through the Local Area
Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
' The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the
various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine,
(Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; fvliddle AtiantirNew Jersey New Yorl<, and Ponnsvlvania South Atlantic: Delaware, District ot
C lumbia, Florida, Georgia, f^aryland. North Carolina. South Carolina. Virginia,
and West Virginia: East Soutii Central. Alabama. KeiilucKy. l\/1issisi>ip(ji, ciiid
I ennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas;
East North Central: Illinois. Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West
North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona. Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
Nrw Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming: and Pacific Alaska, CaliforniJi wamqij.
gon, and Washington.
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
1996
Stats
Feb.
lular.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
2,074.0
1,959.8
114.2
5.5
2,083.2
1,967.1
116.2
5.6
2,087.0
1,970.8
116.2
5.6
2,089.7
1,977.3
112.4
5.4
2,086.5
1,978.7
107.8
5.2
2,089.3
1,985.0
104.3
5.0
2,089.8
1,988.1
101.7
4.9
2.091.6
1.989.7
101.9
4.9
2.095.1
1.995.2
99.9
4.8
2,097.3
2,000.0
97.3
4.6
2,096.7
2,002.6
94.1
4.5
2,088.3
1,996.6
91.8
4.4
2,095.6
2,003.3
92.2
4.4
311.5
287.1
24.4
7.8
312.7
288.1
24.8
7.9
313.9
289.2
24.7
7.9
313.8
290.2
23.6
7.5
315.7
291.0
24.8
7.8
316.6
291.8
24.8
7.8
317.8
293.0
24.8
7.8
318.5
293.8
24.7
7.8
319.2
294.2
25.0
7.8
319.9
294.8
25.1
7.8
320.9
295.4
25.5
7.9
320.6
296.5
24.1
7.5
322.0
297.6
24.5
7.6
2,243.6
2,126.5
117.1
5.2
2,241.8
2,122.3
119.4
5.3
2,237.6
2,116.5
121.1
5.4
2,242.2
2,117.6
124.7
5.6
2,244.8
2,117.4
127.4
5.7
2,247.6
2,119.2
128.3
5.7
2.251.4
2.124.5
126.9
5.6
2,256.8
2,126.5
130.3
5.8
2,257.6
2,129.4
128.2
5.7
2,262.3
2,136.6
125.7
5.6
2.262.5
2.139.6
122.9
5.4
2,293.9
2,173.9
120.0
5.2
2,279.7
2,162.1
117.7
5.2
1.227.2
1.163.3
63.9
5.2
1,230.2
1,165.7
64.5
5.2
1,229.4
1,165.1
64.2
5.2
1,231.7
1,166.7
65.0
5.3
1,234.9
1,167.8
67.1
5.4
1,235.8
1,166.8
69.0
5.6
1,238.5
1,168.8
69.7
5.6
1,239.1
1,169.1
70.0
5.6
1,239.4
1,170.3
89.1
5.6
1,239.6
1,171.4
68.2
5.5
1,239.7
1,173.2
66.5
5.4
1,242.5
1,175.8
66.7
5.4
1,244.7
1,177.9
66.9
5.4
15,523.4
14,344.9
1,178.5
7.6
15,541.4
14,369.4
1,172.0
7.5
15,538.6
14,384.3
1,154.4
7.4
15,558.3
14,427.9
1,130.4
7.3
15,573.5
14,449.9
1,123.6
7.2
15,603.8
14,490.6
1,113.1
7.1
15,631.1
14,526.7
1,104.4
7.1
15,664.1
14,557.4
1,106.8
7.1
15,669.0
14,573.6
1,095.3
7.0
15,684.6
14,594.8
1,089.8
6.9
15,665.0
14,598.4
1,066.6
6.8
15,770.7
14,687.0
1,083.7
6.9
15.769.7
14.745.8
1,023.9
6.5
2,101.2
2,012.5
88.8
4.2
2,102.5
2,013.0
89.5
4.3
2,100.3
2,011.9
88.4
4.2
2,106.4
2,015.9
90.5
4.3
2,116.9
2,020.2
96.8
4.6
2,096.3
2,007.0
89.4
4.3
2,096.9
2,008.8
88.1
4.2
2,097.8
2,009.5
88.3
4.2
2,099.5
2,012.5
87.0
4.1
2,101.6
2,015.8
85.8
4.1
2,100.4
2,015.9
84.5
4.0
2,129.0
2,050.0
79.0
3.7
2,133.4
2,066.4
66.9
3.1
1,716.6
1,617.1
99.5
5.8
1.716.7
1.617.8
98.9
5.8
1,718.3
1,619.8
98.5
5.7
1,717.9
1,621.3
96.6
5.6
1,719.7
1,622.4
97.2
5.7
1,721.6
1,623.8
97.8
5.7
1,721.9
1,624.4
97.5
5.7
1.721.5
1,622.9
98.5
5.7
1,724.1
1,624.4
99.6
5.8
1,723.3
1,624.0
99.3
5.8
1,722.0
1,623.0
99.0
5.7
1.735.6
1,645.9
89.7
5.2
1,731.5
1,646.2
85.3
4.9
Feb."
Alabama
Civilian labor force .
Employed .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
Alaaka
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arizona
Civilian labor force .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arkansaa
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
California
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
Colorado
Civilian labor force .
Employed
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate .
Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
j
Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
381.2
363.1
18.0
4.7
382.1
362.6
19.6
5.1
381.5
362.7
18.7
4.9
381.5
362.4
19.1
5.0
382.3
362.8
19.5
5.1
382.6
362.9
19.7
5.2
382.6
361.9
20.7
5.4
382.4
361.9
20.5
5.4
383.4
362.9
20.5
5.4
383.9
363.5
20.5
5.3
384.4
364.2
20.2
5.3
393.1
373.6
19.4
4.9
393.1
374.5
18.6
4.7
277.5
254.1
23.4
8.4
275.6
251.7
23.9
8.7
272.2
248.5
23.7
8.7
271.7
247.9
23.7
8.7
270.4
247.6
22.9
8.5
270.7
247.5
23.3
8.6
270.5
247.3
23.3
8.6
270.5
247.4
23.1
8.6
270.1
247.3
22.7
8.4
269.5
247.5
22.0
8.2
270.0
247.3
22.7
8.4
267.6
246.7
20.9
7.8
266.5
246.8
19.7
7.4
6,892.3
6,530.6
361.7
5.2
6,914.8
6,557.3
357.5
5.2
6,907.2
6,549.8
357.4
5.2
6,921.2
6,565.8
355.4
5.1
6,922.6
6,571.9
350.7
5.1
6,940.5
6,592.2
348.3
5.0
6,949.4
6,605.1
344.4
5.0
6,959.4
6,610.4
349.0
5.0
6,974.0
6,628.6
345.3
5.0
6,982.6
6,639.0
343.6
4.9
6,997.1
6,656.1
340.9
4.9
7,100.2
6,752.6
347.6
4.9
7.085.7
6.748.8
337.0
4.8
District of Columbia
Civilian I
r force .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ..
Fiorida
Civilian labor force
Employed .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ..
See footnotes at end of table.
1996
1997
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
l^ay
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb."
3,699.2
3,530.0
169.2
4.6
3,714.5
3,544.9
169.6
4.6
3,728.5
3,555.9
172.6
4.6
3,742.0
3,570.6
171.4
4.6
3,757.8
3,585.8
172.0
4.6
3,773.7
3,603.3
170.4
4.5
3,769.8
3,597.5
172.3
4.6
3,777.9
3,601.9
176.0
4.7
3,787.9
3,613.7
174.3
4.6
3,798.0
3,621.3
176.8
4.7
3,803.6
3,625.3
178.2
4.7
3,826.3
3,648.6
177.7
4.6
3,836.3
3,657.7
178.7
4.7
586.3
549.7
36.5
6.2
587.5
550.6
36.9
6.3
588.4
550.7
37.6
6.4
589.2
551.9
37.3
6.3
591.0
552.9
38.1
6.4
591.6
553.7
37.9
6.4
592.6
554.8
37.8
6.4
593.8
555.9
37.9
6.4
594.2
556.7
37.4
6.3
596.6
556.7
39.9
6.7
596.0
557.1
38.9
6.5
594.6
560.8
33.8
5.7
593.8
560.8
33.0
5.6
612.0
578.7
33.3
5.4
613.3
580.4
32.8
5.4
614.1
582.0
32.1
5.2
616.2
584.0
32.2
5.2
617.6
585.7
31.9
5.2
819.4
588.0
31.4
5.1
622.5
590.8
31.7
5.1
623.4
591.4
32.0
5.1
625.5
593.4
32.1
5.1
628.5
595.1
33.5
5.3
631.1
596.1
35.0
5.6
636.3
602.8
33.5
5.3
632.3
599.3
33,0
5.2
6,083.7
5,760.0
323.8
5.3
6,088.6
5,767.2
321.4
5.3
6,084.8
5,764.5
320.4
5.3
6,096.5
5,774.9
321.6
5.3
6,102.3
5,776.6
325.6
5.3
6,109.1
5,784.1
325.0
5.3
6,106.3
5,782.6
323.7
5.3
6,101.3
5,780.7
320.6
5.3
6,110.3
5,788.9
321.4
5.3
6,114.2
5,795.0
319.2
5.2
6,126.8
5,806.7
320.1
5.2
6,130.2
5,821.7
308.5
5.0
6,129.5
5,827.8
301.7
4.9
3,095.4
2,955.8
139.6
4.5
3,085.2
2,949.8
135.4
4.4
3,082.2
2,950.2
132.0
4.3
3,079.8
2,949.8
130.1
4.2
3,073.8
2,945.7
128.1
4.2
3,065.0
2,940.6
124.4
4.1
3,061.4
2,937.9
123.5
4.0
3,061.5
2,938.1
123.4
4.0
3,058.5
2,941.5
117.0
3.8
3,058.5
2,945.8
112.7
3.7
3,048.1
2,938.3
109.8
3.6
3,076.8
2,982.6
94.3
3.1
3,061.4
2,974.3
87.0
2.8
1,588.8
1,529.5
59.3
3.7
1,592.3
1,533.7
58.6
3.7
1,598.0
1,538.8
S9.2
3.7
1,602.7
1,543.2
59.5
3.7
1,601.2
1,541.0
60.2
3.8
1,601.1
1,540.3
60.8
3.8
1,605.0
1,544.3
60.7
3.8
1,604.0
1,542.6
61.5
3.8
1.601.3
1.539.4
61.8
3.9
1,605.1
1,543.1
61.9
3.9
1,610.0
1,548.3
61.6
3.8
1,603.6
1,545.9
57.7
3.6
1,614.1
1,557.3
56.9
3.5
1,333.3
1,275.5
57.8
4.3
1,334.9
1,276.4
58.5
4.4
1,337.5
1,277.4
60.0
4.5
1,339.1
1,278.8
60.4
4.5
1.338.2
1.277.3
81.0
4.6
1,336.6
1,276.4
60.2
4.5
1,339.2
1,278.1
61.1
4.6
1,341.1
1,279.3
61.7
4.6
1,346.0
1,283.8
62.2
4.6
1,348.3
1,285.8
62.5
4.6
1,347.2
1,285.4
61.8
4.6
1,385.2
1,329.6
55.6
4.0
1,383.4
1,329.3
54.1
3.9
1,861.5
1,758.2
103.3
5.5
1,881.4
1,757.8
103.6
5.6
1,861.2
1,756.9
104.3
5.6
1,862.9
1,759.5
103.5
5.6
1,863.7
1,760.1
103.5
5.6
1,867.3
1,762.7
104.6
5.6
1,867.2
1,763.7
103.5
5.5
1,867.2
1,762.7
104.5
5.6
1,874.5
1,768.4
106.1
5.7
1,876.1
1,769.0
107.2
5.7
1,880.1
1,770.6
109.6
5.8
1,913.8
1,808.4
105.4
5.5
1,910.0
1,805.6
104.4
5.5
1,972.0
1,838.7
133.2
6.8
1,980.7
1,848.3
132.4
6.7
1,985.4
1,851.9
133.4
6.7
1,990.1
1,854.7
135.4
6.8
1.994.8
1.857.9
136.9
6.9
2,001.7
1,864.2
137.5
6.9
2,003.2
1,866.2
137.0
6.8
2,014.2
1,876.6
137.6
6.8
2,017.2
1,880.6
136.6
6.8
2,016.8
1,886.6
130.2
6.5
2.023.7
1.890.8
132.9
6.6
2,011.9
1,896.9
115.0
5.7
2,012.0
1,907.1
104.9
5.2
661.1
626.3
34.9
5.3
663.5
628.9
34.6
5.2
685.5
630.8
34.7
5.2
668.7
631.8
34.9
5.2
669.6
634.4
35.2
5.3
669.9
635.1
34.8
5.2
672.0
637.6
34.4
5.1
673.7
639.9
33.8
5.0
673.8
640.8
33.0
4.9
674.0
641.9
32.0
4.8
674.7
643.1
31.6
4.7
667.8
638.1
29.7
4.4
666.4
637.9
28.5
4.3
Georgia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ..
Hawaii
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illlnol*
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Indiana
Civilian labor force .
Employed.
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
Iowa
Civilian
labor force
Employed.
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kanaas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Louiaiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate
Maine
Civilian labor force .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
1997
1996
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
2,759.5
2,618.4
141.1
5.1
2,768.5
2,629.5
139.0
5.0
2,771.7
2,634.1
137.6
5.0
2,781.0
2,645.5
135.5
4.9
2,791.9
2,656.3
135.6
4.9
2,797.3
2,662.0
135.3
4.8
2.798.5
2.664.6
134.0
4.8
2,802.2
2,668.3
134.0
4.8
2,806.0
2,675.0
131.0
4.7
2,807.8
2,677.7
130.1
4.6
2,806.5
2,679.4
127.2
4.5
2,759.1
2,632.6
126.5
4.6
2,757.4
2,634.3
123.1
4.5
3,180.9
3,029.6
151.3
4.8
3,180.8
3,034.2
146.6
4.6
3,184.0
3,037.8
146.2
4.6
3,188.5
3,046.3
142.2
4.5
3,187.9
3,050.4
137.5
4.3
3,186.7
3,055.3
131.5
4.1
3,187.2
3,058.9
128.3
4.0
3,193.7
3,063.6
130.0
4.1
3,200.4
3,072.7
127.7
4.0
3,202.5
3,076.7
125.7
3.9
3,200.6
3,075.2
125.4
3.9
3,216.6
3,085.8
130.9
4.1
3,212.5
3,092.2
120.3
3.7
4,776.8
4,540.2
236.6
5.0
4,786.6
4,543.1
243.5
5.1
4,785.7
4,549.0
236.7
4.9
4,800.4
4,566.1
234.3
4.9
4,802.2
4,571.1
231.1
4.8
4,795.8
4,562.6
233.2
4.9
4.811.7
4.581.8
229.9
4.8
4,821.2
4,590.5
230.7
4.8
4,840.9
4,608.8
232.2
4.8
4.845.3
4.614.4
230.9
4.8
4,845.3
4,612.9
232.4
4.8
4.887.8
4.647.9
239.9
4.9
4,889.0
4,669.8
219.2
4.5
2,599.8
2,500.1
99.7
3.8
2,603.4
2,501.2
102.2
3.9
2,602.7
2,497.6
105.1
4.0
2.606.5
2.502.6
103.8
4.0
2,609.8
2,503.5
106.3
4.1
2,612.0
2,505.2
106.8
4.1
2,613.4
2,506.7
106.7
4.1
2,613.7
2,507.1
106.5
4.1
2,613.1
2,508.3
104.9
4.0
2,613.2
2,509.6
103.6
4.0
2,613.8
2,511.2
102.6
3.9
2,648.4
2,555.8
92.6
3.5
2,648.7
2,569.9
78.7
3.0
1,261.9
1,182.1
79.8
6.3
1.262.7
1.182.8
79.8
6.3
1,263.9
1,184.0
80.0
6.3
1,263.8
1,184.6
79.3
6.3
1,260.7
1,184.1
76.6
6.1
1,262.5
1,185.8
76.7
6.1
1,260.7
1,184.7
75.9
6.0
1.258.4
1.184.5
73.9
5.9
1,262.3
1,186.7
75.6
6.0
1,262.9
1,188.2
74.8
5.9
1,262.7
1,189.3
73.4
5.8
1,269.4
1,199.1
70.4
5.5
1,276.2
1,204.5
71.7
5.6
2,873.2
2,745.5
127.6
4.4
2,882.6
2,754.1
128.4
4.5
2,888.4
2,757.9
130.5
4.5
2,894.9
2,764.5
130.3
4.5
2,897.1
2,766.4
130.7
4.5
2,898.0
2,765.6
132.4
4.6
2,900.8
2,769.7
131.1
4.5
2,903.5
2,771.3
132.3
4.6
2,917.2
2,781.0
136.2
4.7
2,923.1
2,782.5
140.6
4.8
2,925.5
2,784.1
141.4
4.8
2,865.6
2,739.1
126.5
4.4
2,872.2
2,746.6
125.6
4.4
442.7
418.0
24.7
5.6
444.2
419.5
24.7
5.6
445.8
421.0
24.7
5.5
447.1
422.7
24.3
5.4
447.4
423.5
24.0
5.4
446.6
423.1
23.5
5.3
446.5
423.6
22.9
5.1
447.0
424.3
22.7
5.1
450.4
428.4
22.0
4.9
451.0
429.3
21.7
4.8
449.3
427.7
21.6
4.8
454.4
432.5
21.9
4.8
452.6
432.0
20.6
4.6
910.3
883.6
26.8
2.9
910.5
884.2
26.3
2.9
910.8
884.0
26.8
2.9
910.7
883.9
26.8
2.9
912.7
885.3
27.4
3.0
912.5
885.1
27.4
3.0
913.3
886.6
26.7
2.9
913.6
887.1
26.6
2.9
916.5
889.7
26.8
2.9
918.3
890.9
27.4
3.0
916.5
890.6
26.0
2.8
921.1
898.4
22.7
2.5
919.1
896.8
22.3
2.4
825.2
783.0
42.2
5.1
829.8
786.2
43.6
5.3
834.2
789.7
44.5
5.3
838.4
793.2
45.3
5.4
842.9
796.8
46.1
5.5
847.0
800.4
46.6
5.5
850.6
803.6
47.0
5.5
855.0
806.4
48.6
5.7
857.9
810.3
47.6
5.5
860.8
814.7
46.2
5.4
864.8
817.5
47.3
5.5
881.7
841.1
40.6
4.6
883.4
844.0
39.4
4.5
626.1
600.7
25.4
4.1
624.4
598.7
25.7
4.1
626.2
600.0
26.2
4.2
626.3
599.5
26.8
4.3
625.8
598.7
27.1
4.3
623.8
597.4
26.4
4.2
621.9
595.6
26.3
4.2
620.3
593.8
26.5
4.3
622.1
595.9
26.2
4.2
621.0
595.7
25.3
4.1
620.1
595.9
24.2
3.9
647.3
626.7
20.6
3.2
649.2
627.3
21.9
3.4
Feb.'
Maryland
Civilian latx)r force .
Empioyed .
Unempioyed
Unempioynnent rate .
Massachusetts
Civilian lat)or force ..
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian iabor force ...
Employed .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unempioyed
Unempioyment rate .
Mississippi
Civilian labor force ....
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unempioyment rate .
Montana
Civilian labor force
Empioyed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nebrasica
Civilian iabor force .
Empioyed
Unempioyed ....
Unempioyment rate
Nevada
Civilian labor force .
Employed
Unemployed
Unempioyment rate
New Hampshire
Civilian iabor force
Empioyed
Unemployed
Unempioyment rate .
See footnotes at end of table.
1996
1997
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
4,097.0
3,838.9
258.2
6.3
4.104.3
3.847.4
256.9
6.3
4,108.0
3,848.7
259.2
6.3
4,113.3
3,863.0
250.3
6.1
4,125.8
3,873.4
252.4
6.1
4,130.2
3,878.6
251.6
6.1
4,136.7
3,883.1
253.6
6.1
4,143.5
3,887.2
256.3
6.2
4,150.6
3,894.6
256.0
6.2
4,153.5
3,899.3
254.2
6.1
4,152.1
3,900.6
251.6
6.1
4,145.0
3,898.7
246.4
5.9
4,142.1
3,913.0
229.1
5.5
796.7
736.7
59.9
7.5
796.7
735.5
61.2
7.7
797.5
734.9
62.6
7.8
797.5
734.9
62.5
7.8
802.6
734.9
67.6
8.4
802.8
734.7
68.1
8.5
801.7
734.7
67.0
8.4
799.5
733.7
65.7
8.2
801.9
735.0
66.9
8.3
802.4
735.5
66.9
8.3
802.3
736.8
65.5
8.2
818.7
765.0
53.7
6.6
816.9
763.4
53.4
6.5
8.590.1
8.050.2
539.9
6.3
8,614.1
8,062.5
551.6
6.4
8,616.2
8,069.0
547.2
6.4
8,637.1
8,093.5
543.5
6.3
8,643.8
8,103.2
540.6
6.3
8,657.7
8,116.4
541.4
6.3
8,653.0
8,121.2
531.9
6.1
8,654.8
8,126.1
528.7
6.1
8,667.8
8,137.0
530.8
6.1
8,680.6
8,143.3
537.4
6.2
8,686.6
8,147.1
539.5
6.2
8,677.2
8,129.5
547.6
6.3
8,693.3
8,145.9
547.3
6.3
3,734.0
3,569.5
164.6
4.4
3,751.5
3,586.3
165.3
4.4
3,768.0
3,600.7
167.3
4.4
3,783.6
3,619.6
163.9
4.3
3,795.6
3,632.3
163.3
4.3
3,801.8
3,640.1
161.7
4.3
3,809.0
3,649.4
159.6
4.2
3,824.7
3,662.3
162.4
4.2
3,848.8
3,685.3
163.4
4.2
3,853.3
3,688.9
164.4
4.3
3,860.4
3,697.4
163.0
4.2
3,821.4
3,674.6
146.8
3.8
3,793.8
3,655.7
138.1
3.6
339.7
329.7
10.0
2.9
340.7
330.5
10.2
3.0
341.7
331.1
10.6
3.1
342.6
332.4
10.2
3.0
344.2
333.2
11.0
3.2
344.4
333.5
10.9
3.2
345.2
334.4
10.8
3.1
345.5
334.8
10.7
3.1
345.2
335.2
10.0
2.9
346.3
335.6
10.8
3.1
346.9
335.9
11.0
3.2
347.0
336.4
10.7
3.1
347.2
338.1
9.1
2.6
5.627.1
5.347.2
279.9
5.0
5.626.6
5.344.7
281.9
5.0
5.620.1
5.351.2
268.9
4.8
5,636.6
5,360.8
275.8
4.9
5,644.7
5,365.9
278.8
4.9
5,640.3
5,368.3
272.0
4.8
5,650.3
5,378.1
272.2
4.8
5,646.1
5,370.3
275.8
4.9
5,657.5
5,379.3
278.1
4.9
5,670.9
5,383.6
287.3
5.1
5,672.2
5,389.0
283.2
5.0
5,769.4
5,478.3
291.1
5.0
5,789.6
5,476.0
313.6
5.4
1,564.3
1,496.0
68.4
4.4
1,565.9
1,501.3
64.6
4.1
1.568.8
1,504.0
64.8
4.1
1.574.2
1.510.3
63.8
4.1
1,575.9
1,512.8
63.2
4.0
1,578.6
1,515.0
63.6
4.0
1,582.0
1,519.2
62.9
4.0
1,583.2
1,520.0
63.2
4.0
1,587.5
1,524.9
62.6
3.9
1,588.7
1,526.4
62.3
3.9
1,590.1
1,528.8
61.3
3.9
1,602.1
1,540.8
61.4
3.8
1,604.8
1,551.8
53.0
3.3
1.710.3
1.613.4
96.9
5.7
1,719.3
1,620.7
98.6
5.7
1,719.9
1,620.0
99.9
5.8
1,726.4
1,624.9
101.4
5.9
1.718.8
1.617.9
101.0
5.9
1.716.3
1.613.4
103.0
6.0
1,712.0
1,610.2
101.8
5.9
1,724.9
1,621.2
103.7
6.0
1,729.8
1,624.4
105.4
6.1
1,738.7
1,630.3
108.4
6.2
1,743.1
1,633.3
109.8
6.3
1,731.0
1,636.2
94.8
5.5
1.704.4
1.608.5
96.0
5.6
5,880.0
5,545.9
334.2
5.7
5,889.7
5,559.1
330.6
5.6
5,893.2
5,568.4
324.7
5.5
5,899.4
5,580.4
319.0
5.4
5,899.1
5,589.0
310.0
5.3
5.909.4
5.601.5
307.9
5.2
5,909.9
5,607.6
302.3
5.1
5,915.5
5,615.8
299.7
5.1
5,922.3
5,627.8
294.5
5.0
5.926.3
5.637.4
289.0
4.9
5,934.7
5,647.4
287.2
4.8
5,959.2
5,681.5
277.6
4.7
5,979.8
5,684.6
295.2
4.9
490.2
462.5
27.7
5.7
492.0
465.4
26.5
5.4
492.8
467.0
25.8
5.2
495.3
470.1
25.2
5.1
496.0
471.4
24.7
5.0
495.9
471.7
24.1
4.9
497.3
472.9
24.5
4.9
498.9
474.7
24.2
4.9
499.5
475.4
24.1
4.8
500.9
475.9
25.0
5.0
500.7
475.9
24.9
5.0
497.9
473.4
24.5
4.9
495.6
472.7
22.9
4.6
Feb."
New Jersey
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian labor force
Emoloyed
•ployed
.ployment rate
Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oregon
Civilian
labor. force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
(Numbers in thousands)
1997
State
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
1,847.2
1,747.0
100.Z
5.4
1,848.5
1,743.5
105.0
5.7
1,849.4
1,739.4
110.0
5.9
1,848.2
1,737.9
110.3
6.0
1,853.4
1,738.4
115.0
6.2
1,846.3
1,732.8
113.5
6.1
1,844.1
1,730.6
113.5
6.2
1,845.1
1,730.4
114.7
6.2
1,845.2
1,730.2
115.0
6.2
1,846.7
1,732.3
114.4
6.2
1,846.0
1,733.7
112.3
6.1
1,886.4
1,782.0
104.5
5.5
1,885.5
1,782.1
103.4
5.5
387.4
374.9
12.5
3.2
387.6
375.1
12.5
3.2
388.8
376.2
12.7
3.3
3.1
389.6
377.0
12.6
3.2
389.9
377.3
12.5
3.2
390.4
377.9
12.5
3.2
390.6
378.1
12.5
3.2
391.1
378.7
12.4
3.2
392.0
379.2
12.8
3.3
392.3
379.3
13.0
3.3
391.4
379.2
12.2
3.1
390.2
379.5
10.7
2.7
2,730.5
2,586.5
144.1
5.3
2,746.7
2,607.0
139.7
5.1
2,735.6
2,595.6
140.0
5.1
2,741.6
2,602.5
139.2
5.1
2,748.2
2,608.9
139.3
5.1
2,752.0
2,611.6
140.5
5.1
2,753.2
2,615.7
137.5
5.0
2,757.1
2,619.0
138.1
5.0
2,766.2
2,625.0
141.1
5.1
2.771.8
2.627.9
143.8
5.2
2,769.8
2,629.0
140.8
5.1
2,758.9
2,619.5
139.4
5.1
2,758.7
2,622.1
136.6
5.0
9,702.7
9,133.0
569.7
5.9
9,712.6
9,145.4
567.1
5.8
9,722.5
9,160.4
562.1
5.8
9,731.7
9,178.0
553.7
5.7
9.739.2
9.184.3
554.9
5.7
9,744.2
9,196.4
547.8
5.6
9,755.8
9,219.6
536.3
5.5
9,768.2
9,235.7
532.5
5.5
9,785.9
9,260.1
525.7
5.4
9,804.0
9,274.6
529.4
5.4
9,806.5
9,286.9
519.6
5.3
9,883.4
9,348.2
535.3
5.4
9,915.7
9,356.7
559.0
5.6
986.4
951.7
34.7
3.5
988.5
953.7
34.8
3.5
991.1
956.4
34.7
3.5
994.0
959.2
34.8
3.5
997.1
961.9
35.2
3.5
999.9
965.0
34.9
3.5
1,003.2
968.1
35.2
3.5
1,005.1
970.0
35.1
3.5
1,007.9
973.0
35.0
3.5
1,010.7
976.0
34.7
3.4
1,013.0
979.0
33.9
3.4
1,034.5
1,001.7
32.8
3.2
1,036.3
1,003.8
32.5
3.1
323.4
308.8
14.6
4.5
323.7
308.9
14.7
4.6
324.2
309.6
14.6
4.5
324.3
310.0
14.3
4.4
324.3
309.5
14.9
4.6
323.4
308.4
15.0
4.6
324.4
309.5
15.0
4.6
324.8
309.8
14.9
4.6
325.4
310.4
15.0
4.6
325.9
310.8
15.2
4.7
325.8
310.9
14.9
4.6
328.0
315.0
12.9
3.9
328.8
315.9
12.9
3.9
3,422.9
3,273.1
149.7
4.4
3,410.2
3,262.6
147.6
4.3
3,402.6
3,250.4
152.2
4.5
3,388.0
3,240.4
147.5
4.4
3,382.9
3,232.4
150.5
4.4
3,376.1
3,226.7
149.4
4.4
3,370.1
3,223.6
146.5
4.3
3.368.6
3.220.7
147.9
4.4
3,369.5
3,223.1
146.4
4.3
3,368.4
3,223.4
145.0
4.3
3,370.6
3,227.4
143.2
4.2
3,518.2
3,375.1
143.1
4.1
3,514.2
3,366.9
147.4
4.2
2,859.8
2,674.8
185.0
6.5
2,869.2
2,681.4
187.8
6.5
2.871.2
2,682.6
188.6
6.6
2,885.9
2,691.9
193.9
6.7
2,888.4
2,698.2
190.3
6.6
2,905.1
2,716.4
188.7
6.5
2.895.2
2,706.1
187.1
6.5
2,891.4
2,703.0
188.3
6.5
2,903.8
2,716.6
187.2
6.4
2,906.7
2,722.0
184.7
6.4
2,908.3
2,725.2
183.1
6.3
2,918.8
2,753.1
165.7
5.7
2,919.0
2,772.8
146.2
5.0
798.9
738.2
60.7
7.6
801.8
741.0
60.8
7.6
601.6
740.5
7.6
812.6
753.3
59.3
7.3
806.9
748.2
58.7
7.3
806.3
748.3
57.9
7.2
808.5
749.5
59.0
7.3
811.2
750.8
60.4
7.5
813.9
753.0
60.9
7.5
814.7
753.9
60.8
7.5
814.1
753.5
60.6
7.4
803.3
745.9
57.4
7.1
807.8
747.2
60.6
7.5
2,892.2
2,785.1
107.2
3.7
2,897.1
2,793.8
103.3
3.6
2,901.8
2,796.7
105.1
3.6
2,910.4
2,807.0
103.4
3.6
2,916.2
2,813.5
102.7
3.5
2.921.4
2.817.5
103.9
3.6
2.926.2
2.824.3
101.9
3.5
2,926.8
2,826.6
100.1
3.4
2,934.3
2,835.8
98.5
3.4
2,941.6
2,841.8
99.8
3.4
2,944.3
2,842.6
101.7
3.5
2,928.9
2,822.5
106.4
3.6
2.926.6
2.824.7
101.9
3.5
256.0
244.2
256.8
244.1
12.7
4.9
258.2
244.4
13.8
5.3
257.5
244.5
13.0
5.0
258.1
244.8
13.3
5.2
258.3
245.0
13.3
5.2
256.4
245.2
13.2
5.1
257.9
244.9
13.0
5.0
257.8
244.9
12.9
5.0
257.9
245.0
12.9
5.0
258.1
245.1
13.1
5.1
256.7
245.0
256.2
244.9
11.3
4.4
Feb."
South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
376.8
12.1
Tenni
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Taxas
Civilian labor force .
Employed .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Utah
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
61.1
Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
11.8
4.6
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be
11.8
4.6
revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997>'
2,065.2
441.7
160.5
254.0
152.7
76.8
2,072.3
445.5
162.0
257.5
156.8
77.4
2,086.6
448.2
162.2
259.7
158.5
78.4
122.6
16.8
6.7
16.0
6.7
3.2
92.1
12.2
4.7
11.5
5.6
2.3
306.3
136.0
315.1
141.4
316.5
140.4
29.5
8.6
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
2,218.7
1,440.0
380.8
2,264.4
1,482.7
379.8
2,255.2
1,481.4
378.0
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rook-North Little Rool(
Pine Bluff
1,212.1
134.7
93.6
292.4
36.7
1,216.2
137.8
94.3
294.5
36.4
15,458.9
270.3
415.6
4,387.5
191.3
1,135.2
1,337.3
1,303.3
721.0
177.6
1,235.5
902.6
884.1
189.9
227.7
237.8
228.6
379.7
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Newark
Waterbury
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
100.5
13.4
4.7
12.5
6.1
. 2.5
5.9
3.8
4,2
6.3
4,4
4,2
4.4
2.7
2.9
4.5
3,6
3.0
4.8
3.0
2.9
4.8
3.8
3,2
29.6
8.6
29.6
9.0
9.6
6.3
9.4
6.1
9,4
6,4
10S.9
48.6
13.1
114.4
51.4
13.6
106.1
48.3
12.6
4.8
3.4
3,4
5,1
3.5
3,6
4,7
3.3
3.3
1,229.6
139.6
95.3
297.3
36.9
71.2
4.3
5.6
11.4
2.7
73.2
5.2
5.4
11.9
2.9
74.4
4.9
5.2
12.5
3.0
5,9
3.2
5.9
3.9
7.4
6.0
3.8
5.8
4.1
7.9
6,1
3.5
5,5
4.2
8.1
15,671.6
270.5
415.5
4,413.4
193.8
1,151.9
1,356.9
1,338.7
743.0
178.9
1,242.4
926.4
914.3
191.9
234.5
239.6
232.1
384.3
15,704.9
282.7
413.8
4,432.5
195.0
1,153.8
1,359.9
1,335.8
742.0
181.8
1,240.9
922.9
916.2
191.2
233.8
239.8
232.1
383.3
1,258.0
41.1
67.7
380.8
32.8
61.2
60.5
105.7
49.9
31.7
72.9
39.7
35.1
13.2
12.0
33.2
16.5
26.1
1,167.1
39.5
67.4
350.1
30.3
56.0
50.8
100.1
45.8
33.0
61.5
32.8
32.1
13.2
10.7
31.7
17.6
27.1
1,102.8
38.4
66.4
330.1
30.9
52.2
46.4
92.6
43.4
30.9
55.9
30.1
30.2
12.1
10.1
31.2
16.2
23.6
8.1
15.2
16.3
8.7
17.1
5.4
4.5
8.1
6.9
17.9
5.9
4.4
4,0
7,0
5.3
14,0
8.1
6.9
7.4
14.6
16.2
7.9
15.6
4.9
3.7
7.5
6.2
18.4
5.0
3.5
3.5
6.9
4.6
13.2
7.6
7.0
7.0
13.6
16.0
7.4
15.8
4.5
3.4
6.9
5,9
17,0
4,5
3,3
3.3
6.3
4.3
13.0
7.0
6,2
2,067.5
158.7
231.7
1,039.8
2,095.9
160.8
236.3
1,043.3
2,099.0
162.4
237.1
1,043.3
96.9
6.5
11.7
43.3
87.4
5.5
10.4
38.2
74.7
4.8
9.1
32.5
4.7
4.1
5.0
4.2
4.2
3.4
4.4
3.7
3,6
2.9
3,8
3,1
1,694.1
218.7
106.6
587.4
269.2
147.2
184.9
114.6
1,713.8
218.9
108.9
585.7
271.0
153.6
190.2
117.3
1,708.3
218.1
107.5
586.5
271.3
152.0
188.9
116.8
108.9
16.0
4.7
40.5
16.9
9.4
7.9
8.6
100.8
15.0
4.2
37.0
15.9
9.6
6.9
7.9
94.9
14.2
4.0
34.8
14.9
8.8
6.6
7.7
6.4
7.4
4.4
6.9
6.3
6,4
4,3
7.5
5,9
6.9
3.8
6.3
5.9
6.2
3.6
6,8
5,6
6.5
3.7
5.9
5.5
5.8
3.5
6.6
Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark
381.7
69.1
286.9
390.2
71.5
291.4
393.6
71.3
294.7
20.7
4.0
16.6
21.8
4.1
17.5
21.3
4.1
16.9
5.4
5.8
5.8
5,6
5.8
6.0
5.4
5.8
5.7
District of Columbia
Washington
275.0
2,530.9
263.2
2,548.5
264.1
2,548.8
24.2
106.2
21.2
93.4
20.6
93.3
8.8
4.2
8.1
3.7
7.8
3,7
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville ,.
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
. ..
Orlando
Pensacola ..
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Cleani/ater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
6,801.8
187.3
717.2
169.7
99.7
497.8
191.2
195.2
1,012.2
753.5
163.4
235.2
138.9
1,086.2
458.7
6,990.0
187.9
738.0
172.4
100.8
514.7
198.8
195.3
1,036.6
787.1
167,0
246.6
141.4
1,103.7
472.7
6,993.6
189.8
738.8
172.2
101.1
515.4
196.9
195.3
1,029.7
790.8
167.9
247.4
142.4
1,109.7
474.2
335.8
8.2
36.8
6.5
2.8
17.2
10.4
11.6
69.8
29.5
7.2
7.8
4.4
44.5
27.5
365.6
8.6
38.9
6.4
3.2
21.3
11.9
10.7
80.8
30.4
8.0
8.0
4.8
43.7
29.7
312.4
7.0
33.7
5.3
2.7
18.1
10.1
9.1
70.8
25.3
7.0
6.3
4.2
37.4
25.9
4.9
4.4
5.1
3.8
2.8
3.4
5.4
5.9
6.9
3.9
4.4
3.3
3.2
4,1
6,0
5.2
4.6
5.3
3.7
3,2
4,1
6.0
5.5
7.8
3.9
4.8
3.3
3,4
4.0
6.3
4,5
3,7
4.6
3.1
2.7
3.5
5.1
4.7
6.9
3.2
4.2
2.6
2,9
3.4
5.5
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
California
Bakersfieid
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Feb.
1997P
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
177.6
3.4
2.2
75.5
13.3
5.3
6.5
6.7
4.6
5.8
3.2
3.8
6.8
5.5
4.7
4.8
4.4
5.8
2.7
3.6
6.1
4.6
4.2
4.8
4.7
6.0
3.0
3.7
6.5
4.5
4.4
5.0
34.4
20.1
32.6
19.5
6.2
5.1
5.8
4.7
5.5
4.6
41.3
9.9
41.6
10.4
41.0
9.7
6.8
4.8
6.6
4.8
6.5
4.5
6,074.4
80.3
93.2
4,039.7
183.3
59.3
51.6
176.9
192.6
105.7
357.5
3.2
3.3
219.4
9.3
5.0
3.5
13.2
13.3
5.1
346.8
2.8
3.3
210.9
9.1
4.8
3.6
10.9
13.8
5.5
334.0
2.7
3.2
208.4
8.7
4.9
3.5
10.3
9.8
5.4
5.9
4.0
3.6
5.5
5.2
8.4
6.9
7.3
7.0
4.9
5.7
3.6
3.7
5.2
5.0
8.2
7.0
6.1
7.1
5.2
5.5
3.3
3.5
5.2
4.8
8.2
6.9
5.8
5.1
5.1
3,025.6
61.6
92.5
153.2
261.2
293.5
825.2
51.7
85.1
62.2
134.2
72.4
3,020.4
61.4
92.6
152.8
260.6
293.5
816.4
51.2
87.3
63.0
133.8
72.3
155.1
2.1
4.1
7.8
11.5
18.9
32.0
2.2
3.3
3.6
6.6
5.9
107.4
1.5
3.0
6.9
7.3
11.7
21.5
1.6
2.2
2.6
4.4
4.3
102.4
1.4
2.8
6.4
7.0
11.4
20.9
1.6
2.1
2.4
4.2
4.0
5.1
3.3
4.4
5.1
4.4
6.3
3.9
4.3
3.7
5.5
4.9
7.8
3.5
2.5
3.3
4.5
2.8
4.0
2.6
3.1
2.6
4.1
3.3
6.0
3.4
2.2
3.0
4.2
2.7
3.9
2.6
3.0
2.5
3.8
3.2
5.6
1,573.5
109.4
254.8
50.6
63.7
66.1
69.3
1,589.1
110.9
257.5
50.3
65.1
66.0
68.7
1,598.4
112.0
261.1
50.6
64.1
66.3
69.3
71.7
3.7
7.4
3.5
1.9
2.8
3.5
70.5
3.8
8.8
2.9
2.0
2.5
3.4
68.9
3.7
8.4
2.8
1.8
2.7
3.2
4.6
3.4
2.9
6.9
3.0
4.3
5.1
4.4
3.4
3.4
5.7
3.0
3.8
4.9
4.3
3.3
3.2
5.5
2.8
4.0
4.7
Kansas
Lawrence ....
Topeka
Wichita
1,321.2
50.8
87.8
264.6
1,375.4
49.3
90.9
276.1
1,370.1
51.7
90.3
274.9
62.0
2.4
4.4
12.2
64.4
2.5
5.5
11.0
58.1
2.3
4.9
10.1
4.7
4.8
5.0
4.6
4.7
5.1
6.1
4.0
4.2
4.5
5.4
3.7
Kentucky
Lexington ....
Louisville ..
Owensboro .
1,831.1
235.3
517.1
47.1
1,886.0
242.4
535.5
48.7
1,879.4
246.3
533.5
48.4
117.5
7.4
23.7
3.3
119.3
6.9
22.6
3.3
118.5
7.1
24.7
3.3
6.4
3.1
4.6
7.0
6.3
2.9
4.2
6.7
6.3
2.9
4.6
6.9
Louisiana
Alexandria ..
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette ....
U k e Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
1,942.8
57.2
279.1
80.6
162.1
86.8
67.8
600.2
176.7
1,984.2
59.0
287.6
84.0
167.7
89.0
68.8
606.5
185.1
1,982.5
59.1
290.7
84.5
168.7
88.6
68.9
603.8
183.1
134.6
3.7
16.4
4.5
10.5
4.8
4.3
39.3
12.2
135.4
4.2
15.7
3.8
9.9
6.2
4.8
35.3
13.8
106.4
3.2
12.4
2.9
7.9
4.6
3.8
28.0
10.4
6.9
6.5
5.9
5.5
6.5
5.5
6.3
6.6
6.9
6.8
7.2
5.4
4.5
5.9
6.9
7.0
5.8
7.4
5.4
5.4
4.2
3.4
4.7
5.2
5.6
4.6
5.7
651.3
52.1
128.0
656.9
52.9
133.6
656.3
52.4
133.4
44.1
3.5
5.0
37.3
3.0
3.6
37.6
3.2
3.7
6.8
6.7
3.9
5.7
5.6
2.7
5.7
6.1
2.8
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
19971'
3,674.7
54.7
70.2
1,922.1
198.6
116.4
143.2
126.5
3,776.2
55.7
71.4
1,996.2
204.2
116.8
148.5
133.0
3,809.6
56.4
72.8
2,014.2
205.4
117.0
148.9
133.1
168.4
3.2
2.3
72.7
13.6
6.4
6.8
6.1
167.8
3.2
1.9
71.9
12.4
5.4
6.3
6.4
565.4
425.3
595.2
428.2
592.9
427.6
36.2
21.8
605.9
203.9
629.4
214.9
626.2
213.9
Illinois
Bloomington-Nomnal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Mollne-Rock Island
Decatur .. .
Kankakee ...
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield ..
6,030.4
79.7
93.3
4,002.1
179.2
59.1
51.2
160.6
191.7
104.6
6,063.7
77.5
90.6
4,029.3
183.5
59.2
51.4
178.3
193.4
105.8
Indiana
Bloomlngton
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Ufayette ....
Muncle
South Bend
Ten^e Haute
3,054.7
62.1
93.3
154.3
259.8
298.0
810.5
51.9
90.1
65.0
134.8
75.6
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City ....
Sioux City ...
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah
Honolulu
Idaho
Boise City ...
Maine
Lewlston-Aubum
Portland
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
2,724.2
1,275.1
2,719.9
1,266.1
2,722.3
1,272.9
152.3
76.6
132.5
66.4
3,151.9
64.7
1,748.0
127.5
68.2
193.6
153.9
82.1
39.6
277.2
243.5
3,169.0
66.5
1,777.2
125.1
68.2
196.3
156.5
82.2
40.2
277.0
248.0
3,181.4
66.0
1,772.3
126.5
67.8
195.3
156.4
81.0
40.0
278.6
246.9
169.6
5.7
77.0
8.2
4.3
10.5
7.3
9.6
2.7
16.0
12.0
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Musl(egon-Holland
Jackson
Kaiamazoo-Battle-Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
4,726.1
277.1
80.8
2,116.8
202.0
541.4
73.2
222.3
234.5
169.4
4,817.7
278.7
81.4
2,167.9
200.9
560.0
73.6
222.7
234.5
193.7
4,836.0
282.2
81.7
2,175.1
200.4
562.4
74.0
223.6
237.4
193.5
Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-StPaui
Rochester
St. Cloud
2,564.8
120.8
1,593.5
63.3
93.2
2,613.9
124.5
1,626.1
64.6
94.0
Mississippi
Jackson
1,258.4
218.1
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA
Springfield
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997P
134.5
68.1
5.6
6.0
4.9
5.2
4.9
5.3
152.6
5.6
67.7
7.2
3.8
11.4
7.1
8.5
2.7
14.2
10.5
138.6
5.0
61.6
6.3
3.4
10.6
6.5
7.7
2.5
12.9
9.8
5.4
8.9
4.4
6.4
6.3
5.4
4.8
11.7
6.8
5.8
4.9
4.8
8.5
3.8
5.7
5.5
5.8
4.6
10.4
6.6
5.1
4.2
4.4
7.5
3.5
5.0
5.0
5.4
4.2
9.4
6.3
4.6
4.0
262.9
9.6
5.4
102.8
13.2
24.8
4.1
11.2
8.7
11.6
267.4
10.0
5.4
106.1
12.9
25.0
4.1
10.8
9.2
11.6
245.6
6.9
5.1
94.4
12.2
22.8
3.8
10.3
8.5
11.3
5.6
3.5
6.7
4.9
6.5
4.6
5.6
5.0
3.7
6.1
5.5
3.6
6.6
4.9
6.4
4.5
5.5
4.9
3.9
6.0
5.1
3.1
6.3
4.3
6.1
4.1
5.2
4.6
3.6
5.9
2,613.5
124.0
1,630.2
64.6
94.0
115.3
7.7
52.3
2.2
5.5
111.7
7.3
46.7
2.0
6.0
94.3
6.6
41.8
1.6
4.9
4.5
6.4
3.3
3.5
5.9
4.3
5.9
3.0
3.0
6.4
3.6
5.3
2.6
2.5
5.2
1,258.6
220.4
1,272.5
223.8
80.3
8.1
74.6
7.5
72.1
7.3
6.4
3.7
5.9
3.4
5.7
3.3
2,843.1
924.3
1,336.9
167.4
2,830.3
945.5
1,337.4
164.5
2,842.3
946.9
1,344.9
166.4
139.3
36.0
61.7
6.0
143.5
37.8
61.2
6.8
137.4
36.1
57.6
6.5
4.9
4.1
4.6
3.6
5.1
4.0
4.6
4.2
4.6
3.8
4.3
3.9
Montana
439.3
447.6
449.2
30.4
26.4
26.3
6.9
5.9
5.9
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
902.2
138.4
377.2
909.9
141.9
378.7
911.1
142.1
380.9
29.4
3.6
11.8
27.8
3.2
12.1
25.0
2.9
11.0
3.3
2.6
3.1
3.1
2.3
3.2
2.7
2.0
2.9
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
821.9
616.6
164.8
872.6
660.5
168.9
879.9
665.7
169.7
43.7
31.9
8.7
44.7
31.8
9.4
40.8
29.7
8.1
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.1
4.8
5.5
4.6
4.5
4.8
620.0
97.5
94.8
118.5
641.4
100.4
97.2
120.0
643.0
100.6
98.2
121.1
28.0
3.8
4.3
4.9
23.9
3.3
3.2
4.2
24.5
3.4
3.3
4.2
4.5
3.9
4.6
4.1
3.7
3.3
3.3
3.5
3.8
3.4
3.4
3.5
4,065.1
162.5
662.2
265.0
604.5
494.3
1,002.3
168.7
64.5
4,101.0
168.6
667.7
286.2
616.0
498.8
1,006.7
168.6
65.2
4,109.9
169.0
669.5
281.6
620.4
502.2
1,008.5
169.0
64.3
275.6
19.3
44.9
26.6
29.3
32.2
65.7
10.4
7.4
266.1
20.6
42.7
26.9
27.1
31.9
61.9
9.9
7.5
246.4
18.5
39.7
24.2
25.4
29.6
57.6
9.0
6.9
6.8
11.9
6.8
9.3
4.8
6.5
6.5
6.2
11.4
6.5
12.2
6.4
9.4
4.4
6.4
6.1
5.8
11.5
6.0
10.9
5.9
8.6
4.1
5.9
5.7
5.3
10.7
791.9
343.4
64.6
72.4
811.2
353.7
67.1
72.7
812.2
355.7
67.2
73.0
58.0
15.1
6.9
3.4
57.2
15.4
6.8
3.3
51.5
14.1
6.2
2.8
7.3
4.4
10.6
4.7
7.1
4.4
10.1
4.5
6.3
4.0
9.2
3.9
Maryland
Baltimore
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
FKchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Loweli
New Bedford
Springfieid
Worcester
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
New Jersey
Atlantic-C5ape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Miilvilie-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cmces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
19971'
595.2
21.1
6.1
33.0
5.5
2.0
4.9
54.6
352.1
327.2
7.9
25.2
19.6
8.4
6.9
5.6
5.6
6.0
5.0
5.0
8.5
4.9
8.2
8.9
5.2
4.7
6.1
6.6
6.9
4.8
5.0
5.8
4.6
4.6
8.0
4.0
8.9
9.9
4.6
4.4
5.5
6.1
6.9
4.7
5.0
5.8
4.6
4.4
8.2
4.0
8.9
9.8
4.7
4.4
5.4
5.9
165.5
4.4
25.5
20.3
13.2
155.3
3.7
24.0
19.9
12.3
4.9
4.6
3.8
3.5
2.5
4.4
4.0
3.5
3.2
2.3
4.1
3.4
3.3
3.2
2.1
11.3
1.8
3.0
1.9
13.0
2.1
2.8
2.0
10.2
1.7
2.2
1.6
3.4
3.5
3.1
3.6
3.9
4.0
2.9
3.6
3.0
3.3
2.2
2.9
5,693.9
362.6
202.9
821.2
1,113.6
799.3
477.5
169.7
76.0
84.8
56.8
315.1
285.1
305.1
18.8
12.3
37.9
57.8
26.8
21.8
7.9
4.8
5.3
3.8
16.4
18.9
335.1
21.7
13.1
38.3
67.5
29.0
24.8
7.8
5.6
5.8
4.3
18.4
21.0
338.4
20.8
13.2
39.1
70.4
29.2
24.6
7.4
4.8
5.8
4.4
18.3
20.9
5.5
5.3
6.2
4.7
5.4
3.5
4.7
4.7
6.5
6.4
6.8
5.3
6.8
5.9
6.0
6.5
4.7
6.1
3.6
5.2
4.6
7.3
6.8
7.6
5.8
7.3
5.9
5.7
6.5
4.8
6.3
3.7
5.1
4.3
6.4
6.8
7.7
5.8
7.3
1,582.4
26.9
40.3
520.8
390.7
1,589.5
27.0
40.7
524.6
391.6
77.8
1.0
2.0
24.1
14.6
72.5
.9
2.3
18.4
14.8
62.5
.8
2.0
16.4
13.0
5.0
3.8
5.1
4.7
3.9
4.6
3.4
5.7
3.5
3.8
3.9
3.0
4.8
3.1
3.3
1,687.0
157.2
84.1
986.8
159.0
1,694.5
157.1
83.6
1,002.7
158.3
1,681.3
157.2
83.1
994.0
157.3
114.6
10.6
8.0
47.4
11.0
109.6
10.0
7.6
46.4
10.4
113.7
10.7
7.8
47.4
10.3
6.8
6.7
9.5
4.8
6.9
6.5
6.3
9.1
4.6
6.6
6.8
6.8
9.4
4.8
6.5
5,791.4
298.3
60.8
13B.1
336.8
105.5
227.5
2,418.7
1,128.5
175.9
307.4
54.4
64.4
56.8
190.5
5,876.5
300.9
61.7
138.4
345.8
106.4
235.5
2,450.3
1,144.3
180.3
309.1
55.2
61.7
58.1
193.2
5,890.9
302.9
62.0
139.6
346.1
106.1
234.4
2,459.5
1,144.5
181.3
310.7
55.8
65.7
58.6
193.2
358.6
19.3
4.2
9.4
13.8
10.0
8.8
137.5
68.9
9.0
25.9
2.9
2.4
4.6
9.1
313.5
16.0
3.7
8.5
10.8
9.1
6.9
123.3
59.3
7.7
23.9
2.9
2.2
4.0
7.8
319.6
16.4
3.7
8.6
11.3
9.4
6.9
121.7
61.0
7.8
24.1
2.9
2.3
4.1
8.1
6.2
6.5
6.9
6.8
4.1
9.5
3.9
5.7
6.1
5.1
8.4
5.3
3.7
8.1
4.8
5.3
5.3
6.0
6.1
3.1
8.6
2.9
5.0
5.2
4.2
7.7
5.3
3.6
6.9
4.1
5.4
5.4
6.0
6.2
3.3
8.8
2.9
4.9
5.3
4.3
7.8
5.3
3.4
7.0
4.2
491.8
570.3
497.1
571.8
497.2
571.2
34.5
43.3
29.3
36.4
29.7
36.1
7.0
7.6
5.9
6.4
6.0
6.3
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutctiess County
Elmira
Glens Falls.
Nassau-Suffolk
New Yorl( ...
New York City
Newburgh ...
Rochester...
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
8,537.2
446.6
121.0
568.2
116.0
43.8
S9.9
1,338.2
3,870.9
3,253.6
166.6
567.5
360.8
140.4
8,617.1
442.8
123.6
568.7
117.8
45.4
60.5
1,349.4
3,930.4
3,307.2
168.9
570.0
361.8
142.6
8,640.7
445.3
123.5
568.5
118.2
45.0
60.2
1,349.5
3,946.9
3,325.0
169.0
570.2
362.7
141.7
587.8
24.9
6.8
34.1
5.8
2.2
5.1
65.6
317.8
289.8
8.7
26.8
21.9
9.2
595.8
21.2
6.2
33.2
5.4
2.1
4.8
54.2
351.6
326.5
7.7
25.2
20.0
8.7
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greenshnro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
3,697.1
106.7
715.5
617.9
569.9
3,748.3
109.3
734.2
626.6
576.6
3,756.2
108.1
734.2
628.2
581.9
181.8
4.9
26.9
21.7
14.4
330.7
50.7
95.9
53.8
335.9
51.7
98.0
54.4
338.1
52.3
99.1
55.3
5,535.7
356.3
197.9
801.7
1,078.9
776.1
467.0
167.1
73.6
82.9
56.2
308.2
278.9
5,676.4
361.3
202.6
819.2
1,104.1
797.3
475.6
168.9
76.5
84.8
56.6
315.9
285.2
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,549.6
26.5
40.1
511.4
376.7
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown ..
Lancaster ...
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh ...
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton
Sharon
State College
William^ort
York
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Cincinnati....
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus ...
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield ....
Steubenville-Weirton
Tnledn
Youngstown-Warren
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Wan»ick
Percent of
iahnr force
Number
State and area
Feb.
1996
Feb.
1997"
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
19971'
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
1,826.4
237.4
255.5
463.8
1,847.0
240.8
258.6
470.0
1,864.4
242.8
262.3
474.7
106.8
12.1
9.2
18.8
106.8
12.6
8.7
18.2
377.0
43.2
91.3
380.9
45.1
93.4
379.7
44.8
93.7
14.4
1.8
2.4
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
2,689.2
219.1
227.6
335.1
524.6
603.3
2,708.8
220.0
226.7
337.7
527.3
609.5
2,717.0
220.8
226.4
340.8
532.5
614.6
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
9,604.1
60.3
111.3
623.8
179.8
104.4
123.3
68.6
172.8
1,715.8
287.4
820.6
126.8
1,993.3
111.5
69.6
101.6
120.4
196.6
119.0
50.4
723.3
48.1
56.7
85.0
41.6
98.8
65.2
9,805.8
61.1
113.7
637.8
181.0
107.4
125.7
67.8
180.7
1,771.9
293.4
840.2
126.3
2,030.4
113.8
70.1
103.4
121.1
200.6
120.5
51.1
728.6
49.3
57.5
88.2
42.3
100.4
66.2
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt U k e City-Odgen
971.6
145.1
623.7
Vermont
Burlington
Feb.
1986
Jan.
1M7
Feb.
1997"
109.7
12.7
9.1
19.3
5.1
3.*
4.1
5.«
5.2
3.4
3.9
5.9
5.2
3.5
4.1
14.6
1.8
2.4
12.6
1.5
2.1
3.>
4.2
2.t
3.8
4.0
2.6
3.3
3.4
2.2
152.1
11.3
13.2
18.7
24.1
20.2
155.1
10.5
12.1
18.5
23.4
21.0
144.8
10.6
10.6
18.2
22.2
19.4
5.7
5.2
5$
5.«
4.t
3.4
S.7
4.8
5.3
S.S
4.4
3.5
5.3
4.8
4.7
5.3
4.2
3.2
9,808.6
60.9
113.6
640.9
179.4
106.9
125.8
70.7
180.4
1,776.2
293.1
843.0
125.7
2,028.7
113.5
70.0
103.3
122.3
198.1
120.3
51.3
728.1
49.4
57.5
88.2
42.4
100.8
65.9
585.4
3.5
4.5
18.1
17.2
7.1
16.3
1.8
15.2
75.5
33.9
36.5
9.8
108.2
6.0
10.4
8.8
5.2
43.8
7.3
2.0
32.9
3.0
4.5
5.2
2.3
4.7
3.0
579.2
2.6
5.0
21.8
15.8
8.5
16.3
1.7
15.9
69.9
34.6
33.4
11.1
112.2
6.0
8.6
8.2
4.6
43.6
6.9
1.8
30.5
2.3
4.6
5.7
2.5
4.4
2.9
573.5
2.7
4.9
21.2
14.5
7.9
16.2
1.7
15.3
71.6
34.9
34.2
10.6
110.2
5.8
8.7
8.2
4.7
41.3
7.0
1.8
30.3
2.5
4.6
5.6
2.5
4.5
3.0
».1
S.7
4.1
2.8
9.5
C.S
13.2
2.«
S.t
4.4
11.t
4.5
7.«
S.4
i.4
14.9
t.(
4.3
22.3
S.I
4.«
6.3
a.o
i.1
s.s
4.t
4.C
5.9
4.3
4.4
3.4
8.7
7.9
12.1
2.S
l.t
3.9
Il.t
4.0
8.8
S.S
5.3
12.3
7.9
3.8
21.7
S.7
3.6
4.2
4.7
7.9
6.4
5.8
4.4
4.5
5.8
4.4
4.3
3.3
8.1
7.4
12.9
2.4
8.5
4.0
11.9
4.1
8.4
S.4
5.1
12.5
8.0
3.8
20.8
5.8
3.6
4.2
5.2
8.0
6.3
5.9
4.S
4.5
1,023.8
152.2
660.3
1,020.2
151.2
650.4
37.9
4.6
21.6
33.9
4.4
19.3
35.5
4.5
20.1
3.*
3.1
3.S
3.3
2.9
2.S
3.5
3.0
3.1
321.9
94.8
324.3
95.9
326.9
97.1
17.7
3.6
16.2
3.2
15.6
3.2
S.S
3.*
5.0
3.4
4.8
3.3
Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
3,391.8
71.9
56.8
102.7
709.0
494.1
128.4
3,478.0
72.1
58.4
104.1
739.8
500.4
131.9
3,482.1
74.3
57.6
106.2
738.6
500.4
131.7
154.8
1.7
3.6
3.7
34.7
18.0
3.8
156.9
1.9
4.1
4.3
36.8
19.0
4.3
152.2
1.9
3.2
4.8
35.9
18.6
4.3
4.S
2.3
C.4
3.*
4.t
3.S
3.0
4.5
2.6
7.0
4.2
5.0
3.8
3.3
4.4
2.6
5.6
4.5
4.9
3.7
3.3
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
2,848.5
1,268.8
200.9
318.4
2,918.7
1,313.1
202.1
330.0
2,907.5
1,309.1
201.6
327.4
219.7
72.4
15.2
22.7
192.1
57.5
13.2
19.1
180.8
55.0
13.1
18.2
7.7
5.7
7.S
7.1
6.6
4.4
•.5
S.S
6.2
4.2
6.5
5.6
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
See footnotes at end o) table.
Feb.
19971'
3.9
(Numbers in thiousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Feb.
1996
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parlsersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
L.a Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez ...
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Jan.
1997
Feb.
19971'
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
1997"
Feb.
1996
Jan.
1997
Feb.
19971'
787.7
127.0
134.6
75.1
70.8
793.0
127.7
136.2
76.5
73.2
796.3
128.3
136.7
75.9
73.3
69.4
8.5
11.3
5.5
5.6
65.7
7.4
10.6
5.4
5.3
69.3
7.9
10.9
5.7
5.4
8.8
6.7
8.4
7.3
7.8
8.3
5.8
7.8
7.0
7.2
8.7
6.2
8.0
7.4
7.4
2,852.3
214.9
78.2
127.3
78.1
76.5
70.2
249.9
787.4
92.2
60.7
70.2
2,878.2
218.1
78.6
128.9
77.6
75.5
69.9
254.0
797.2
92.8
61.4
70.6
2,886.0
218.7
80.1
128.4
76.8
75.9
70.4
257.0
796.3
92.9
61.2
70.9
131.4
7.9
3.9
4.8
3.9
3.2
3.3
5.5
28.9
4.6
2.0
4.5
123.4
7.2
3.9
4.5
4.1
2.9
2.7
5.0
28.8
4.4
1.7
3.7
126.3
7.8
3.9
4.6
3.6
2.9
2.6
5.2
29.2
4.6
1.8
3.7
4.6
3.7
5.0
3.8
5.0
4.1
4.7
2.2
3.7
5.0
3.3
6.4
4.3
3.3
5.0
3.5
5.2
3.9
3.9
2.0
3.6
4.8
2.8
5.3
4.4
3.6
4.9
3.6
4.7
3.8
3.7
2.0
3.7
4.9
2.9
5.2
252.6
33.0
251.7
33.1
252.8
33.4
15.2
2.5
14.7
2.0
14.7
2.1
6.0
7.5
5.8
6.1
5.8
6.3
1,280.2
108.2
91.6
108.6
696.6
1,301.8
112.5
92.6
109.5
709.5
1,296.3
111.0
92.2
109.2
706.5
166.7
12.8
13.9
19.5
72.8
164.3
12.5
14.9
19.4
69.3
164.3
12.5
14.7
19.2
69.3
13.0
11.8
15.2
18.0
10.5
12.6
11.1
16.1
17.7
9.8
12.7
11.3
15.9
17.6
9.8
' = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
be revised when new benchmarit and population information becomes available.
D-1. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age
1994
1
II
1995
III
IV
1
II
1996
III
IV
1
II
1997
III
IV
1
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio^
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
196,085 196,522 197,050 197,600 197,882 198,296 198,807 199,352 199,776 200,280 200,850 201,457 202,396
130,632 130,687 131,050 131,790 132,203 132,175 132,332 132,506 133,144 133,632 134,118 134,830 135,934
66.6
66.5
66.5
66.7
66.8
66.7
66.6
66.5
66.6
66.7
66.8
66.9
67.2
122,035 122,648 123,178 124,405 124,924 124,711 124,820 125,142 125,693 126,381 127,042 127,705 128,728
62.2
62.4
62.5
63.0
63.1
62.9
63.4
62.8
62.8
62.9
63.1
63.3
63.6
8,597 8,039 7,872 7,385 7,279 7,464 7,512 7,364 7,451 7,251 7,076 7,124 7,206
6.6
6.0
6.2
5.6
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.3
5.3
5.3
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio''
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
93,978
70,625
75.2
65,894
70.1
2,526
63,368
4,731
6.7
23,353
94,203
70,517
74.9
66,171
70.2
2,540
63,631
4,346
6.2
23,686
94,474
70,744
74.9
66,450
70.3
2,546
63,904
4,294
6.1
23,730
94,764
71,319
75.3
67,304
71.0
2,629
64,675
4,015
5.6
23,445
94,815
71,522
75.4
67,606
71.3
2,665
64,941
3,917
5.5
23,293
95,029
71,355
75.1
67,347
70.9
2,559
64,788
4,009
5.6
23,673
95,292
71,278
74.8
67,252
70.6
2,528
64,724
4,025
5.6
24,014
95,578
71,306
74.6
67,319
70.4
2,492
64,828
3,987
5.6
24,271
95,787
71,755
74.9
67,708
70.7
2,589
65,120
4,047
5.6
24,032
96,048
72,051
75.0
68,124
70.9
2,550
65,573
3,927
5.5
23,997
96,337
72,122
74.9
68,349
70.9
2,576
65,774
3,772
5.2
24,216
96,651
72,380
74.9
68,648
71.0
2,583
66,064
3,732
5.2
24,271
97,324
73,120
75.1
69,291
71.2
2,555
66,737
3,829
5.2
24,203
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio^
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
86,833
66,731
76.8
62,772
72.3
2,319
60,453
3,959
5.9
20,102
87,014
66,641
76.6
63,061
72.5
2,363
60,698
3,579
5.4
20,373
87,231
66,836
76.6
63,279
72.5
2,338
60,940
3,558
5.3
20,395
87,528
67,395
77.0
64,064
73.2
2,391
61,673
3,332
4.9
20,133
87,574
67,519
77.1
64,315
73.4
2,432
61,884
3,204
4.7
20,055
87,702
67,320
76.8
64,052
73.0
2,328
61,724
3,269
4.9
20,382
87,888
67,208
76.5
63,947
72.8
2,309
61,638
3,261
4.9
20,680
88,082
67,272
76.4
64,043
72.7
2,284
61,759
3,230
4.8
20,809
88,295
67,710
76.7
64,412
73.0
2,376
62,036
3,298
4.9
20,585
88,513
67,971
76.8
64,765
73.2
2,323
62,441
3,206
4.7
20,542
88,666
68,107
76.8
65,071
73.4
2,360
62,712
3,036
4.5
20,559
88,950
68,344
76.8
65,338
73.5
2,370
62,968
3,006
4.4
20,606
89,536
68,979
77.0
65,899
73.6
2,334
63,565
3,080
4.5
20,557
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio^
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
102,107
60,006
58.8
56,140
55.0
803
55,338
3,866
6.4
42,101
102,319
60,171
58.8
56,478
55.2
837
55,640
3,693
6.1
42,148
102,576
60,306
58.8
56,729
55.3
869
55,860
3,578
5.9
42,270
102,837
60,471
58.8
57,101
55.5
917
56,184
3,370
5.6
42,366
103,067
60,681
58.9
57,319
55.6
913
56,405
3,362
5.5
42,386
103,267
60,820
58.9
57,364
55.5
900
56,464
3,456
5.7
42,447
103,515
61,054
59.0
57,568
55.6
836
56,732
3,487
5.7
42,461
103,774
61,200
59.0
57,823
55.7
879
56,944
3,377
5.5
42,574
103,988
61,389
59.0
57,985
55.8
900
57,084
3,404
5.5
42,599
1(34,232
61,581
59.1
58,257
55.9
881
57,376
3,324
5.4
42,651
104,512 104,807
61,996 62,450
59.3
59.6
58,692 59,058
56.2
56.3
880
827
57,812 58,231
3,304; 3,392
5.4
5.3
42,516 42,357
105,072
62,813
59.8
59,437
56.6
827
58,610
3,377
5.4
42,259
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio®
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
95,164
56,440
59.3
53,154
55.9
748
52,406
3,286
5.8
38,724
95,339
56,526
59.3
53,439
56.1
788
52,651
3,087
5.5
38,813
95,557
56,761
59.4
53,751
56.2
825
52,925
3,010
5.3
38,796
95,808
56,880
59.4
54,076
56.4
873
53,203
2,804
4.9
38,927
96,006
56,966
59.3
54,181
56.4
873
53,308
2,785
4.9
39,040
96,148
57,081
59.4
54,232
56.4
849
53,383
2,849
5.0
39,067
96,334
57,323
59.5
54,457
56.5
785
53,672
2,866
5.0
39,011
96,558
57,474
59.5
54,702
56.7
823
53,879
2,772
4.8
39,084
96,757
57,672
59.6
54,861
56.7
845
54,016
2,811
4.9
39,086
96,927
57,870
59.7
55,113
56.9
836
54,277
2,758
4.8
39,057
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio®
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
14,088 14,169 14,262 14,264 14,302 14,446 14,585 14,712 14,723 14,839 15,038 15,136 15,283
7,461 7,521 7,453 7,514 7,718 7,774 7,801 7,760 7,763 7,790 7,771 7,907 8,033
53.0
53.1
52.3
52.7
54.0
53.8
53.5
52.7
52.7
52.5
51.7
52.2
52.6
6,108 6,148 6,149 6,265 6,428 6,427 6,416 6,397 6,420 6,504 6,485 6,599 6,669
43.4
43.4
43.1
43.9
44.9
44.5
44.0
43.5
43.6
43.8
43.1
43.6
43.6
261
282
226
251
282
273
270
263
267
272
257
254
278
5,847 5,922 5,898 5,983 6,155 6,145 6,146 6,134 6,153 6,232 6,227 6,345 6,392
1,352 1,372
1,304 1,249 1,290 1,347
1,385 1,362 1,343
1,287 1,287 1,309 1,363
18.1
18.2
17.5
16.6
16.7
17.3
17.8
17.6
17.3
16.5
16.6
16.6
17.0
6,627 6,648 6,809 6,750 6,584 6,672 6,784 6,952 6,961 7,049 7,267 7,229 7,251
' The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
' Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables D-1
through D-10 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
97,145
58,239
60.0
55,486
57.1
839
54,647
2,754
4.7
38,906
97,371
58,578
60.2
55,768
57.3
786
54,982
2,810
4.8
38,793
97,577
58,922
60.4
56,160
57.6
770
55,389
2,763
4.7
38,654
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in
January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the
household survey.
D-2. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
Hispanic origin
1994
1
II
1995
III
IV
1
II
1996
III
IV
1
II
1997
III
IV
1
WHITE
Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio'
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
165,093 165,361 165,701 166,067 166,442 166,715 167,063 167,438 167,760 168,098 168,491 168,918 169,499
110,702 110,758 111,142 111,667 111,831 111,823 112,062 112,093 112,562 112,895 113,126 113,811 114,482
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.2
67.2
67.1
67.1
66.9
67.1
67.2
67.1
67.4
67.5
104,393 104,833 105,315 106,239 106,489 106,301 106,589 106,584 107,074 107,558 107,977 108,610 109,326
63.2
63.4
63.6
64.0
64.0
63.8
63.8
63.7
64.0
63.8
64.1
64.3
64.5
6,309 5,925 5,827 5,428 5,343 5,522 5,473 5,509 5,488 5,337 5,148 5,200 5,156
5.7
5.3
5.2
4.9
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.5
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio^
Unemployment rate
57,257 57,159 57,420 57,748 57,817 57,649 57,662 57,763 58,104 58,273 58,374 58,570 59,057
77.4
77.4
77.1
77.3
77.0
77.2
76.9
76.9
77.2
77.3
77.3
77.4
77.6
54,279 54,447 54,748 55,236 55,376 55,143 55,209 55,299 55,631 55,873 56,090 56,309 56,756
73.4
74.1
73.7
73.7
73.6
73.3
73.6
74.2
73.9
74.1
74.3
74.4
74.6
2,978 2,712 2,672 2,512 2,441
2,505 2,453 2,464 2,473 2,401
2,284 2,262 2,300
4.7
4.3
4.2
4.3
5.2
4.7
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.1
3.9
3.9
3.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio®
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
47,120 47,179 47,418 47,531 47,468 47,586 47,861 47,813 47,888 48,028 48,183 48,541 48,694
59.0
59.0
59.2
59.3
59.0
59.1
59.4
59.2
59.2
59.4
59.3
59.7
59.9
44,787 44,972 45,203 45,508 45,487 45,511 45,799 45,759 45,851 46,023 46,241 46,528 46,804
56.8
56.5
56.7
56.1
56.3
56.5
56.6
56.8
56.7
56.8
57.0
57.3
57.6
2,333 2,206 2,215 2,023
1,981
2,075 2,062 2,054 2,037 2,005
1,942 2,014
1,890
4.7
4.7
4.3
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.2
5.0
4.3
4.3
4.0
4.1
3.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio®
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
6,325
56.5
5,327
47.6
998
15.8
17.1
14.3
6,421
57.1
5,414
48.1
1,007
15.7
17.0
14.2
6,304
55.8
5,364
47.5
940
14.9
16.1
13.6
6,388
56.5
5,495
48.6
893
14.0
14.9
13.0
6,546
57.6
5,626
49.5
920
14.1
15.2
12.8
6,588
57.6
5,647
49.4
941
14.3
15.3
13.2
6,539
56.9
5,581
48.5
958
14.6
15.5
13.7
6,516
56.3
5,525
47.7
991
15.2
16.4
13.9
6,569
56.4
5,591
48.0
978
14.9
15.9
13.8
6,594
56.0
5,662
48.1
932
14.1
15.2
12.9
6,568
55.3
5,646
47.5
922
14.0
15.5
12.4
6,699
55.9
5,774
48.2
925
13.8
15.2
12.3
6,731
55.5
5,766
47.5
965
14.3
14.9
13.8
BLACK
Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio®
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
22,749 22,826 22,918 23,022 23,116 23,194 23,285 23,388 23,454 23,549 23,650 23,761 23,871
14,455 14,496 14,458 14,584 14,772 14,813 14,745 14,939 14,954 15,051 15,231 15,291 15,407
63.5
63.1
63.3
63.5
63.9
63.9
63.3
63.9
63.8
63.9
64.4
64.4
64.5
12,594 12,809 12,892 13,039 13,269 13,268 13,125 13,456 13,372 13,498 13,626 13,671 13,722
55.4
56.1
56.3
56.6
57.4
57.2
56.4
57.5
57.0
57.6
57.5
57.3
57.5
1,861
1,687
1,566
1,545
1,503
1,545
1,620
1,605
1,620
1,685
1,483
1,583
1,553
12.9
11.6
10.8
10.6
10.2
10.4
11.0
9.9
10.6
10.5
10.9
10.3
10.6
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio®
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,604
72.4
5,834
64.0
770
11.7
6,646
72.6
5,969
65.2
677
10.2
6,602
71.9
5,947 i
64.8
655
9.9
6,716
72.7
6,104
66.1
613
9.1
6,790
73.4
6,220
67.3
570
8.4
6,764
73.0
6,165
66.6
599
8.9
6,693
72.0
6,071
65.3
622
9.3
6,681
71.7
6,099
65.5
582
8.7
6,753
72.1
6,088
65.0
665
9.8
6,758
71.9
6,119
65.1
639
9.5
6,852
72.8
6,229
66.1
623
9.1
6,857
72.4
6,233
65.8
624
9.1
6,799
71.5
6,177
64.9
622
9.2
6,989
61.1
6,197
54.2
792
11.3
7,022
61.2
6,317
55.1
705
10.0
7,009
60.9
6,388
55.5
621
8.9
7,002
60.6
6,374
55.1
628
9.0
7,129
61.3
6,494
55.9
635
8.9
7,153
61.3
6,534
56.0
619
8.7
7,109
60.8
6,471
55.3
638
9.0
7,307
62.2
6,722
57.2
586
8.0
7,294
61.9
6,678
56.7
616
8.4
7,357
62.3
6,736
57.0
620
8.4
7,456
62.9
6,796
57.3
661
8.9
7,510
63.1
6,835
57.5
675
9.0
7,617
63.7
6,888
57.6
729
9.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio®
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
D-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutlonai population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1997
1996
1995
1994
1
11
ill
IV
1
II
III
IV
1
II
III
862
39.3
562
25.6
299
34.7
39.4
29.9
828
37.6
523
23.7
305
36.8
40.3
33.0
847
38.1
558
25.1
290
34.2
36.9
31.2
866
38.9
561
25.2
304
35.2
34.0
36.5
853
38.0
555
24.7
298
34.9
35.6
34.2
897
39.4
569
25.0
328
36.5
38.6
34.5
943
41.3
583
25.5
360
38.1
39.4
36.9
951
40.8
636
27.3
315
33.2
35.1
31.3
907
39.2
605
26.2
302
33.3
35.7
30.9
936
40.0
642
27.5
294
31.4
33.7
29.0
923
38.7
601
25.2
322
34.9
39.5
30.0
18,977 19,132
12,563 12,593
65.8
66.2
11,361 11,435
59.8
59.9
1,158
1,202
9.2
9.6
19,292
12,811
66.4
11,701
60.7
1,109
8.7
IV
1
BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Emoloved .
Employment-population ratlo^
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
924
38.7
603
25.2
321
34.7
38.7
31.0
991
41.2
656
27.3
334
33.7
40.4
27.5
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional ooDulation^
Civilian labor force
Percent of ooDulation
Employed
Emolovment-DODLilation ratio^
Unemoioved
Unemolovment rate
17,895 18,042 18,193 18,338 18,413
11,815 11,958 11,967 12,146 12,072
66.2
65.6
66.0
66.3
65.8
10,608 10,736 10,767 11,024 10,941
59.4
60.1
59.3
59.5
59.2
1,122
1,130
1,207
1,222
1,200
9.4
9.2
10.2
10.2
10.0
' The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
' Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
18,555 18,702 18,845
12,243 12,365 12,379
65.7
66.0
66.1
11,116 11,229 11,209
60.0
59.5
59.9
1,170
1,127
1,137
9.2
9.5
9.2
19,452 20,067
13,107 13,699
67.4
68.3
12,054 12,561
62.0
62.6
1,053
1,138
8.3
8.0
and l-lispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household survey.
D-3. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age
1994
1995
1996
1997
1
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
98,361
58,033
56,962
40,379
39,574
1,824
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
23,565 23,145 23,011 23,457 23,458 23,157 23,222 23,054 23,195 23,143 23,222 23,135 23,458
7,841
7,511
7,483 7,649
7,523
7,441
7,462
7,347 7,512 7,458
7,452
7,367
7,496
5,752 5,524
5,493
5,575
5,454 5,362 5,379
5,312
5,431
5,312
5,395
5,289
5,376
15,739 15,645 15,510 15,816 15,933 15,734 15,755 15,700 15,679 15,703 15,762 15,758 15,950
13,564 13,359 13,246 13,548 13,557 13,402 13,451 13,403 13,364 13,364 13,364 13,338 13,565
4,249 4,261 4,272 4,335 4,447
4,393 4,392
4,339
4,400 4,467
4,463
4,507
4,517
II
III
IV
1
II
III
IV
1
II
III
IV
1
99,433
58,602
57,492
40,841
40,068
1,873
100,258
59,019
57,860
41,225
40,511
1,887
100,960
59,675
58,503
41,295
40,549
1,908
101,404
60,016
58,815
41,356
40,603
1,987
101,491
59,865
58,631
41,639
40,819
2,041
101,659
59,870
58,637
41,817
41,003
2,018
102,146
59,994
58,752
42,142
41,326
2,067
102,457
60,134
58,936
42,274
41,488
2,034
103,174
60,631
59,400
42,555
41,735
2,038
103,895
60,987
59,754
42,929
42,109
2,032
104,632
61,293
60,065
43,334
42,465
2,102
105,321
61,719
60,505
43,472
42,606
2,209
EMPLOYED
UNEMPLOYED
Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
7,033
4,069
3,657
2,982
2,732
644
6,551
3,743
3,328
2,817
2,532
692
6,404
3,693
3,287
2,739
2,478
639
5,970
3,456
3,079
2,537
2,278
614
5,783
3,240
2,945
2,457
2,221
617
5,946
3,409
3,007
2,555
2,290
649
6,003
3,453
3,023
2,572
2,284
695
5,909
3,378
2,982
2,557
2,264
663
5,963
3,352
3,028
2,560
2,277
658
5,822
3,321
2,946
2,523
2,263
613
5,645
3,213
2,802
2,462
2,214
630
5,739
3,209
2,780
2,561
2,279
681
5,750
3,155
2,811
2,519
2,236
704
Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
1,548
667
290
877
548
710
1,484
621
252
867
553
679
1,468
617
272
844
536
660
1,431
588
260
856
533
638
1,485
585
249
890
558
678
1,520
618
265
903
562
694
1,510
598
240
910
583
687
1,464
638
252
844
511
701
1,483
639
263
831
529
691
1,428
623
262
808
497
670
1,434
598
241
830
538
655
1,392
557
230
850
535
627
1,450
598
265
841
520
666
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
6.7
6.6
6.0
6.9
6.5
26.1
6.2
6.0
5.5
6.5
5.9
27.0
6.0
5.9
5.4
6.2
5.8
25.3
5.6
5.5
5.0
5.8
5.3
24.3
5.4
5.1
4.8
5.6
5.2
23.7
5.5
5.4
4.9
5.8
5.3
24.1
5.6
5.5
4.9
5.8
5.3
25.6
5.5
5.3
4.8
5.7
5.2
24.3
5.5
5.3
4.9
5.7
5.2
24.4
5.3
5.2
4.7
5.6
5.1
23.1
5.2
5.0
4.5
5.4
5.0
23.7
5.2
5.0
4.4
5.6
5.1
24.5
5.2
4.9
4.4
5.5
5.0
24.2
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
6.2
7.8
4.8
5.3
3.9
14.3
6.0
7.6
4.4
5.3
4.0
13.7
6.0
7.6
4.7
5.2
3.9
13.4
5.7
7.1
4.5
5.1
3.8
12.8
6.0
7.2
4.4
5.3
4.0
13.2
6.2
7.7
4.7
5.4
4.0
13.6
6.1
7.4
4.3
5.5
4.2
13.5
6.0
8.0
4.5
5.1
3.7
13.9
6.0
7.8
4.6
5.0
3.8
13.6
5.8
7.7
4.7
4.9
3.6
13.0
5.8
7.4
4.3
5.0
3.9
12.8
5.7
7.0
4.2
5.1
3.9
12.2
5.8
7.4
4.7
5.0
3.7
12.9
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES'
' These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor
force and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication
prior to 1994.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
D-4. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1994
1995
1996
1997
Category
1
II
III
IV
1
II
III
IV
1
II
III
IV
1
MARITAL STATUS
Total
Man-ied men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
122,035 122,648 123,178 124,405 124,924 124,711 124,820 125,142 125,693 126,381 127,042 127,705 128,728
41,359 41,327 41,426 41,576 41,976 41,963 42,105 42,155 42,233 42,347 42,474 42,618 42,644
31,508 31,321 31,561 31,777 31,970 32,019 32,093 32,162 32,146 32,259 32,659 32,559 32,701
7,036 7,094
7,065 7,051
7,098 7,165
7,181 7,214
7,317
7,351
7,337 7,445
7,592
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
33,179 33,851 33,971 34,373 34,784 35,145 35,635 35,695 35,897 36,351 36,623 37,109 37,575
37,253
17,006
13,483
17,552
3,548
36,964
16,969
13,402
17,894
3,590
37,299 37,680 37,449 37,397 37,525
16,827 16,867 17,036 16,957 16,815
13,464 13,617 13,698 13,550 13,432
18,004 18,068 18,179 18,087 17,875
3,644 3,742 3,768 3,633
3,574
1,656
1,610
56
1,677
1,655
44
1,715
1,636
53
1,813
1,680
50
1,889
1,653
40
109,470
91,198
969
90,229
18,273
9,087
137
110,120
91,831
1,006
90,824
18,289
9,027
137
110,623
92,341
922
91,419
18,282
8,998
132
111,809
93,474
971
92,503
18,335
8,911
124
112,344
93,842
1,026
92,816
18,502
8,912
117
37,274
16,912
13,436
18,141
3,628
37,418
16,844
13,662
18,166
3,692
37,612
17,181
13,533
18,225
3,546
37,797 37,891
17,353 17,325
13,608 13,556
18,131 18,268
3,546 3,502
1,799
1,527
41
1,913
1,543
42
1,897
1,488
45
1,836
1,543
69
1,840
1,500
68
1,942
1,405
45
112,322 112,358 112,754 113,175 113,839
93,876 94,086 94,519 95,012 95,563
952
924
955
914
876
92,924 93,162 93,564 94,098 94,688
18,446 18,272 18,235 18,163 18,276
8,819 8,982 8,899 8,972 8,985
113
108
103
103
117
114,527
96,315
961
95,354
18,212
8,897
126
115,121
96,898
961
95,938
18,223
9,033
142
116,027
97,853
917
96,935
18,174
9,287
135
38,132
17,211
14,080
18,231
3,474
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagrlcultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other Industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1,793
1,618
55
1,792
1,530
44
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME'
All Industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
4,880 4,789 4,378 4,445 4,525 4,469 4,475 4,423 4,363 4,367 4,326 4,202 4,280
2,463
2,480 2,390 2,394 2,406 2,459 2,499 2,527 2,435 2,409 2,462 2,239 2,381
2,079
1,976
1,692
1,748
1,791
1,718
1,686
1,607
1,587
1,622
1,587
1,632
1,540
17,626 17,427 17,686 17,791 17,898 17,821 17,890 17,491 17,600 17,772 17,961 17,860 18,177
Nonagrlcultural Industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons
4,616 4,601 4,187 4,237 4,297 4,259 4,298 4,261 4,129 4,174 4,154 4,032 4,066
2,337 2,379 2,268 2,256 2,275 2,320 2,374 2,420
2,293 2,293
2,339 2,121 2,266
2,007
1,938
1,658
1,702
1,739
1,679
1,655
1,574
1,557
1,585
1,562
1,604
1,503
17,010 16,832 17,040 17,111 17,244 17,128 17,286 16,868 16,965 17,135 17,336 17,224 17,585
'Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from
their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation,
Illness, or Industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes
persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during
the reference week for reasons such as holidays, Illness, and bad
weather.
NOTE: Beginning In January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used In the household survey.
(In thousands)
1
1994
1995
1996
1997
Age and sex
1
Total, 16 years and over
III
II
IV
1
II
III
IV
1
III
II
IV
1
122,035 122,648 123,178 124,405 124,924 124,711 124,820 125,142 125,693 126,381 127,042 127,705 128,728
i
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
18,771 18,917 18,918 19,095 19,162 18,988 18,733 18,573 18,576 18,676 18,547
6,108
6,148
6,149
6,265
6,428
6,427
6,416
6,397
6,420
6,504
6,485
2,418
2,472
2,535
2,610
2,574
2,595
2,567
2,555
2,589
2,647
2,644
3,677
3,681
3,613
3,640
3,840
3,853
3,863
3,832
3,818
3,870
3,845
12,663 12,769 12,769 12,830 12,734 12,560 12,317 12,175 12,156 12,173 12,062
103,272 103,711 104,271 105,307 105,762 105,717 106,106 106,560 107,092 107,709 108,530
88,472 88,824 89,402 90,235 90,697 90,724 90,975 91,346 91,793 92,349 93,040
14,806 14,865 14,877 15,088 15,053 14,968 15,132 15,242 15,282 15,333 15,502
Men, 16 years and over
65,894 66,171 66,450 67,304 67,606 67,347 67,252 67,319 67,708 68,124 68,349 68,648 69,291
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
9,804
9,872
9,952 10,100 10,115 10,042
9,917
9,760
9,762
9,783
9,677
9,741
9,940
3,122
3,109
3,171
3,240
3,290
3,295
3,306
3,277
3,296
3,359
3,278
3,309
3,393
1,227
1,253| 1,305
1,366
1,313
1,334
1,323
1,292
1,307
1,331
1,293
1,341
1,349
1,895
1,859!1 1,857
1,865
1,971
1,977
1,982
1,981
1,990
2,040
1,978
1,963
2,043
6,682
6,763i 6,781
6,860
6,824
6,747
6,611
6,484
6,465
6,424
6,399
6,431
6,547
56,094 56,271 56,523 57,203 57,491 57,278 57,370 57,552 57,929 58,318 58,724 58,897 59,334
47,941 48,136 48,254 48,845 49,101 49,003 48,991 49,081 49,394 49,688 50,012 50,214 50,498
8,154
8,133
8,246
8,385
8,384
8,271
8,353
8,505
8,525
8,626
8,691
8,719
8,840
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
56,140
ii
56,478 56,729 57,101
57,319 57,364 57,568
57,823
57,985
58,257
58,692 59,058 59,437
8,967
9,045 j 8,966
8,995
9,047
8,946
8,816
8,812
8,815
8,869
8,893
9,023
9,069
2,9861 3,039
2,978
3,025
3,138
3,132
3,110
3,121
3,124
3,145
3,207
3,289
3,277
1,192
1,219
1,230
1,245
1,261
1,261
1,244
1,263
1,282
1,316
1,351
1,363
1,304
1,782
1,821! 1,756| 1,775 i 1,869
1,876
1,881
1,850
1,828
1,830
1,867
1,921
1,960
5,981
6,006^ 5,988 i 5,970
5,909
5,814
5,706
5,692
5,691
5,749
5,663
5,734
5,792
47,178 47,440; 47,748; 48,104 i 48,272 48,439 48,736 49,008 49,163 49,391 49,806 50,034 50,384
40,531 40,687: 41,1481 41,390 ; 41,595 41,721 41,984 42,265 42,399 42,661 43,027 43,162 43,336
6,652 i 6,732; 6,6301 6,703 : 6,669 6,697
6,779
6,737
6,757
6,707
6,811
6,874
7,043
1
NOTE:
18,764 19,009
6,599
6,669
2,703
2,653
3,884
4,003
12,165 12,339
108,931 109,718
93,376 93,834
15,593 15,883
1
i
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used In the household survey.
D-6. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1994
1995
1996
1997
Age and sex
1
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
|
II
III
IV
1
II
III
IV
1
II
III
IV
1
8,597
8,039
7,872
7,385
7,279
7,464
7,512
7,364
7,451
7,251
7,076
7,124
7,206
2,844
1,352
627
716:
1,4911
5,739 i
5,0551
697 ;
2,754
1,372
668
714
1,382
5,285
4,639
633
2,661
1,304
625
673
1,357 •
5,216 :
4,593 •
619
2,505
1,249
580
677
1,256
4,895
4,304
597
2,511
1,290
634
646
1,221
4,753 i
4,192 :
567
2,563
1,347
650
701
1,217
4,902
4,309
586
2,700
1,385
668
713
1,315
4,815
4,228
584
2,592
1,362
657
717
1,230
4,783
4,211
574
2,647
1,343
638
694
1,304
4,792
4,219
574
2,532
1,287
626
662
1,245
4,719
4,158
548
2,478
1,287
607
678
1,192
4,605
4,064
543
2,512
1,309
598
724
1,204
4,621
4,110
514
2,587
1,363
620
732
1,224
4,606
4,099
512
4,731
4,346
4,294
4,015
3,917 i
4,009
4,025
3,987
4,047
3,927
3,772
3,732
3,829
1,594
772
353
411
822
3,121
2,732
400
1,531 i
767 i
375!
4031
765
2,817
2,453
363
1,502 '
737 i
335;
395 i
765
2,800 i
2,437 i
361 ;
1,391
683
308
382
707 i
2,629;
2,278 i
346
1,362!!
7131!
340
363
650
2,541
2,223
325
1,392
740
352
395
652
2,619
2,277
343
1,481
764
361
400
717
2,553
2,224
329
1,440
757
359
407
683
2,548
2,234
307
1,458
749
358
381
709
2,578
2,271
309
1,420
721
348
376
700
2,507
2,212
293
1,371
736
352
381
634
2,411
2,106
307
1,371
726
329
407
645
2,359
2,070
285
1,405
749
347
391
655
2,417
2,117
305
3,866 1 3,693
3,578 j
3,370
3,362
3,456
3,487
3,377
3,404
3,324
3,304
3,392
3,377
1,249
580
275
305
669
2,618
2,323
296
1,159
1,114
567
565
290
272
277
295
592
549
2,415 1 2,266
2,156
2,026
258!
251
1,149
577
294
283
572
2,212
1,969
242
1,171
607
298
306
565
2,283
2,032
243
1,219
621
307
314
598
2,262
2,004
256
1,152
605
298
310
547
2,235
1,977
267
1,188
594
281
313
595
2,214
1,948
265
1,111
566
278
285
545
2,212
1,946
255
1,108
550
254
297
557
2,193
1,958
236
1,141
1,183
583
614
269
272
317
341
558
568
2,262
2,190
2,041 1 1,982
229
207
1,223
606
293
311
617
2,468
2,187
270
1
1
1994
1995
1997
1996
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and ever
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and ewer
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
NOTE:
1
II
III
IV
1
II
III
IV
1
II
III
IV
1
6.6
6.2
6.0
5.6
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.3
13.2
18.1
20.6
16.3
10.5
5.3
5.4
4.5
12.7
18.2
21.3
16.2
9.8
4.8
5.0
4.1
12.3
17.5
19.8
15.7
9.6
4.8
4.9
4.0
11.6
16.6
18.2
15.7
8.9
4.4
4.6
3.8
11.6
16.7
19.8
14.4
8.8
4.3
4.4
3.6
11.9
17.3
20.0
15.4
8.8
4.4
4.5
3.8
12.6
17.8
20.7
15.6
9.6
4.3
4.4
3.7
12.2
17.6
20.5
15.8
9.2
4.3
4.4
3.6
12.5
17.3
19.8
15.4
9.7
4.3
4.4
3.6
11.9
16.5
19.1
14.6
9.3
4.2
4.3
3.5
11.8
16.6
18.7
15.0
9.0
4.1
4.2
3.4
11.8
16.6
18.1
15.7
9.0
4.1
4.2
3.2
12.0
17.0
18.9
15.5
9.0
4.0
4.2
3.1
6.7
6.2
6.1
5.6
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.2
5.2
5.2
14.0
19.8
22.3
17.8
11.0
5.3
5.4
4.7
13.4
19.8
23.1
17.8
10.2
4.8
4.8
4.3
13.1
18.9
20.4
17.6
10.1
4.7
4.8
4.2
12.1
17.4
18.4
17.0
9.3
4.4
4.5
4.0
11.9
17.8
20.6
15.5
8.7
4.2
4.3
3.7
12.2
18.3
20.9
16.6
8.8
4.4
4.4
4.0
13.0
18.8
21.4
16.8
9.8
4.3
4.3
3.8
12.9
18.8
21.7
17.1
9.5
4.2
4.4
3.5
13.0
18.5
21.5
16.1
9.9
4.3
4.4
3.5
12.7
17.7
20.7
15.6
9.8
4.1
4.3
3.3
12.4
18.3
21.4
16.1
9.0
3.9
4.0
3.4
12.3
18.0
19.7
17.2
9.1
3.9
4.0
3.2
12.4
18.1
20.5
16.1
9.1
3.9
4.0
3.3
6.4
6.1
5.9
5.6
5.5
5.7
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.4
12.2
16.3
18.7
14.6
10.1
5.3
5.4
4.3
11.9
16.6
19.4
14.6
9.3
4.9
5.1
3.9
11.4
16.0
19.1
13.6
9.0
4.8
5.0
3.8
11.0
15.7
18.0
14.3
8.4
4.5
4.7
3.6
11.3
15.5
18.9
13.2
8.8
4.4
4.5
3.5
11.6
16.2
19.1
14.0
8.9
4.5
4.6
3.5
12.1
16.6
19.8
14.3
9.5
4.4
4.6
3.6
11.6
16.2
19.1
14.3
8.8
4.4
4.5
3.8
11.9
16.0
18.0
14.6
9.5
4.3
4.4
3.8
11.1
15.3
17.5
13.5
8.7
4.3
4.4
3.7
11.1
14.6
15.8
13.7
9.0
4.2
4.4
3.3
11.2
15.0
16.5
14.2
8.9
4.3
4.5
3.2
11.5
15.8
17.3
14.8
8.9
4.2
4.4
2.9
Beginning in J*>uaty 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used In the household survey.
D-8. Unemployment rates by occupation, Industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
1994
1995
1997
1996
Category
i
li
III
IV
1
II
III
IV
i
ii
Hi
IV
i
6.6
5.9
5.8
18.1
6.2
5.4
5.5
18.2
6.0
5.3
5.3
17.5
5.6
4.9
4.9
16.6
5.5
4.7
4.9
16.7
5.6
4.9
5.0
17.3
5.7
4.9
5.0
17.8
5.6
4.8
4.8
17.6
5.6
4.9
4.9
17.3
5.4
4.7
4.8
16.5
5.3
4.5
4.7
16.6
5.3
4.4
4.8
16.6
5.3
4.5
4.7
17.0
5.7
11.4
12.9
10.2
5.3
10.6
11.6
10.2
5.2
10.2
10.8
10.0
4.9
9.8
10.6
9.2
4.8
9.4
10.2
9.4
4.9
9.6
10.4
9.2
4.9
10.0
11.0
9.2
4.9
9.2
9.9
9.5
4.9
9.5
10.6
9.6
4.7
9.3
10.3
9.2
4.6
9.2
10.5
8.7
4.6
9.2
10.6
8.0
4.5
9.5
10.9
8.3
4.2
4.4
9.6
3.7
4.1
9.0
3.5
4.1
8.5
3.3
3.8
8.7
3.2
3.8
8.4
3.4
3.9
8.5
3.4
4.1
7.7
3.2
3.8
7.5
3.1
3.7
7.8
3.0
3.7
7.8
3.0
3.4
8.6
3.0
3.6
8.5
2.8
3.3
9.1
2.8
5.5
7.1
9.5
9.1
2.6
5.1
6.5
9.0
7.3
2.5
4.8
5.9
8.9
9.1
2.4
4.5
5.6
8.4
8.0
2.4
4.4
5.7
7.9
7.7
2.4
4.6
6.1
8.3
8.2
2.5
4.4
6.4
8.5
7.6
2.5
4.3
5.9
8.2
8.0
2.4
4.5
5.7
8.3
7.9
2.4
4.4
5.4
8.0
8.0
2.3
4.5
5.4
7.8
6.7
2.3
4.6
5.5
7.7
7.5
2.1
4.3
5.0
8.1
7.4
6.9
6.4
7.7
6.9
5.1
6.3
13.3 11.9
6.2
5.5
5.6
5.2
7.1
5.9
6.6
6.1
5.1
5.0
7.4
8.0
3.6
3.6
6.4 ! 6.0
3.7
3.5
i 13.3
9.3
6.2
6.7
5.9
10.9
5.5
5.5
5.5
6.0
4.7
7.3
3.8
5.7
3.4
12.0
5.8
6.3
4.3
10.8
5.0
4.5
5.6
5.6
4.5
7.0
3.3
5.4
3.0
10.0
5.6
6.1
5.0
11.1
4.6
4.1
5.3
5.4
4.7
6.4
3.3
5.3
3.0
10.3
5.8
6.5
4.5
11.7
5.0
4.4
5.9
5.5
4.4
6.5
3.5
5.5
3.0
11.7
5.9
6.6
4.0
12.0
5.1
4.5
5.9
5.6
4.4
6.7
3.2
5.5
2.9
10.4
5.8
6.5
7.4
11.5
5.0
4.5
5.7
5.5
4.3
6.4
3.0
5.5
2.8
11.9
5.7
6.3
6.0
10.7
5.0
4.8
5.3
5.5
4.0
6.6
2.6
5.6
2.8
10.6
5.6
6.1
3.9
10.0
4.9
4.6
5.3
5.4
4.3
6.5
2.6
5.5
3.0
10.3
5.4
5.7
4.2
9.4
4.6
4.1
5.3
5.3
4.1
6.3
2.8
5.3
2.9
9.2
5.4
5.9
6.1
9,7
4.7
4.5
5.1
5.2
4.0
6.2
3.0
5.1
2.9
10.4
5.3
5.7
4.7
9.6
4.4
4.0
5.1
5.2
4.1
6.4
3.2
4.9
2.9
8.9
CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
OCCUPATION'
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagrlcultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing Industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing Industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
' Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available
because the seasonal component, which Is small relative to the trendcycle and/or Irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient
precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used In the household survey.
D-9. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1994
1996
1995
1997
Reason
1
II
III
IV
1
II
III
IV
1
3,438
1,016
2,422
767
2,491
582
3,460
1,027
2,432
854
2,582
580
3,495
1,039
2,455
857
2,547
581
3,525
1,043
2,482
819
2,485
576
3,546
1,059
2,486
789
2,506
605
II
IV
III
1
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
4,204 3,694 3,733 3,541
973
930
1,061 888
3,143 2,806 2,760 2,611
801
840
803
716
2,945 2,925 2,699 2,574
630
604
607
581
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
3,448 3,226 3,218 3,198
1,054
967
979
973
2,394 2,260 2,238 2,226
704
822
820
776
2,544 2,477 2,523 2,563
567
553
596 631
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
48.8 46.0 47.6 47.8 47.2 46.3 46.7 47.6 47.6 47.6 45.8 44.9 44.3
12.3 11.1 12.4 12.5 14.0 13.7 13.9 14.1 14.2 14.5 13.7 13.7 13.5
36.5 35.0 35.2 35.2 33.3 32.5 32.8 33.5 33.4 33.0 32.1 31.3 30.9
9.7 10.0 10.2
9.7 10.5 11.4 11.5 11.1 10.6
9.7 11.0 11.5 11.4
34.2 36.4 34.4 34.7 34.2 34.5 34.0 33.6 33.7 35.1 35.1 35.2 35.5
7.3
7.5
7.7
7.8
8.0
7.8
7.8
7.8
8.1
7.6
8.0
8.3
8.8
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
3.2
.6
2.3
.5
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE:
2.8
.6
2.8
.6
2.1
.5
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
2.7
.5
2.0
.4
2.6
.6
1.9
.4
2.6
.6
2.0
.4
2.6
.6
1.9
.4;
2.7
.6
1.9
.4
2.7
.6
1.9
.5
2.6
.5
1.9
.4
2.4
.6
1.8
.4
2.4
.6
1.9
.4
2.4
.6
1.9
.5
controls used in the household survey.
D-10. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1994
1996
1995
1997
Duration
1
II
III
IV
1
II
III
IV
1
II
III
IV
1
2,890
2,550
3,078
1,307
1,771
2,736
2,449
2,813
1,172
1,640
2,702
2,403
2,783
1,221
1,562
2,555
2,191
2,718
1,223
1,495
2,661
2,222
2,336
1,023
1,313
2,669
2,346
2,419
1,136
1,283
2,723
2,435
2,354
1,100
1,254
2,743
2,367
2,336
1,079
1,257
2,714
2,322
2,366
1,104
1,261
2,583
2,280
2,365
1,066
1,299
2,553
2,250
2,292
1,012
1,280
2,682
2,291
2,219
1,019
1,200
2,680
2,328
2,127
989
1,138
18.9
9.1
19.0
9.1
18.9
9.1
18.5
9.3
17.1
8.1
16.7
8.3
16.3
8.3
16.4
8.1
16.7
8.2
17.1
8.4
17.0
8.5
16.2
7.9
15.8
8.0
100.0
33.9
29.9
36.1
15.3
20.8
100.0
34.2
30.6
35.2
14.7
20.5
100.0
34.3
30.5
35.3
15.5
19.8
100.0
34.2
29.4
36.4
16.4
20.0
100.0
36.9
30.8
32.4
14.2
18.2
100.0
35.9
31.6
32.5
15.3
17.3
100.0
36.2
32.4
31.3
14.6
16.7
100.0
36.8
31.8
31.4
14.5
16.9
100.0
36.7
31.4
32.0
14.9
17.0
100.0
35.7
31.6
32.7
14.7
18.0
100.0
36.0
31.7
32.3
14.3
18.0
100.0
37.3
31.9
30.9
14.2
16.7
100.0
37.6
32.6
29.8
13.9
15.9
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
D-11. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
White
Total
Employment status, sex, and age
1
1996
1
1997
1
1996
Hispanic origin
Blacl<
1
1997
1
1996
1
1997
1
1996
1
1997
TOTAL
167,760
111,767
66.6
105,761
2,998
102,763
6,007
5.4
55,993
169,499
113,652
67.1
108,011
2,886
105,125
5,641
5.0
55,847
23,454
14,761
62.9
13,183
79
13,104
1,578
10.7
8,693
23,871
15,212
63.7
13,539
92
13,447
1,674
11.0
8,659
18,977
12,473
65.7
11,178
564
10,614
1,295
10.4
6,503
20,067
13,583
67.7
12,356
597
11,759
1,227
9.0
6,483
97,324
72,354
74.3
68,065
2,305
65,760
4,289
5.9
24,970
81,190
61,019
75.2
57,525
2,213
55,312
3,493
5.7
20,171
82,298
62,002
75.3
58,735
2,166
56,569
3,267
5.3
20,296
10,503
7,090
67.5
6,243
69
6,174
848
12.0
3,413
10,699
7,167
67.0
6,333
83
6,249
835
11.6
3,532
9,492
7,501
79.0
6,765
493
6,272
736
9.8
1,991
10,234
8,153
79.7
7,478
542
6,936
675
8.3
2,081
88,295
67,366
76.3
63,552
2,185
61,366
3,814
5.7
20,929
89,536
68,604
76.6
: 65,039
2,152
62,887
3,565
5.2
, 20,931
75,241
57,851
76.9
54,917
2,071
52,846
2,934
5.1
17,390
76,070
58,771
77.3
56,038
2,017
54,021
2,733
4.7
17,299
9,365
6,719
71.7
6,003
68
5,936
715
10.6
2,646
9,512
6,765
71.1
6,096
82
6,014
668
9.9
2,748
8,516
7,012
82.3
6,399
473
5,926
613
8.7
1,504
9,130
7,655
83.8
7,100
524
6,577
554
7.2
1,475
103,988
61,005
58.7
57,602
806
56,796
3,403
5.6
42,983
105,072
62,438
59.4
59,067
740
58,327
3,371
5.4
42,634
86,570
50,748
58.6
48,235
784
: 47,451
2,513
5.0
35,822
87,201
51,650
59.2
49,276
720
48,556
2,374
4.6
35,552
12,951
7,671
59.2
6,941
10
6,931
730
9.5
5,280
13,172
8,045
61.1
7,206
8
7,198
839
10.4
5,127
9,485
4,972
52.4
4,413
71
4,342
559
11.2
4,513
9,832
5,430
55.2
4,878
54
4,824
552
10.2
4,402
:
80,864
47,842
59.2
45,742
749
44,993
2,099
4.4
33,022
81,302
48,643
59.8
46,695
684
46,011
1,948
4.0
32,660
11,776
7,261
61.7
6,649
10
6,639
612
8.4
4,515
11,954
7,584
63.4
6,861
7
6,854
723
9.5
4,370
8,545
4,643
54.3
4,175
69
4,106
469
10.1
3,901
8,842
5,058
57.2
4,600
48
4,552
457
9.0
3,784
11,655
6,074
52.1
5,101
177
4,924
973
16.0
5,581
12,127
6,238
51.4
5,278
185
5,093
960
15.4
5,889
2,313
781
33.8
531
1
529
251
32.1
1,532
2,405
864
35.9
581
2
579
282
32.7
1,542
1,916
818
42.7
605
23
582
213
26.1
1,098
2,094
871
41.6
655
25
630
216
24.8
1,224
199,776
132,028
66.1
124,085
3,138
120,947
7,943
6.0
67,748
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
202,396
134,792
66.6
127,132
3,045
124,087
7,660
i
5.7
67,604
!
Men, 16 years and over
95,787
71,022
74.1
66,483
2,331
64,152
4,539
6.4
24,765
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
•
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
i
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
771
53,955
2,854
5.0
39,177
97,577
58,839
60.3
56,037
703
55,334
2,801
4.8
38,738
14,723
7,081
48.1
5,807
181
5,626
1,274
18.0
7,642
15,283
7,349
48.1
6,055
190
5,866
1,294
17.6
7,934
96,757
57,580
59.5
54,726
i
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Aoriculture
Nonagricultural Industries
UnamDlovsd
Unemployment rate
Not In labor force
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and HIspanlcs are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household survey.
D-12. Employment status of the Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Total Hisnanic oriain'
Employment status, sex, and age
Mexica 1 orioin
1
1
1
1
1996
1997
1996
1997
|
Cuban
Puerto Ri an oriain
1
1
1997
1996
1
1996
Oriain
1
1997
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1,114
140
11.1
826
942
581
61.7
531
10
521
50
8.6
361
1,017
633
62.2
595
1
594
38
6.0
385
968
681
70.4
615
5
610
66
9.7
287
981
701
71.4
628
3
625
72
10.3
281
463
332
71.8
308
8
300
24
7.3
131
526
370
70.2
350
1
349
20
5.3
157
5,734
4,913
85.7
4,531
471
4,060
382
7.8
821
866
640
74.0
584
5
579
56
8.8
226
869
652
74.9
597
3
594
55
8.4
218
446
325
72.9
303
8
295
23
6.9
121
509
362
71.1
343
1
342
19
5.2
147
5,538
2,876
51.9
2,538
65
2,474
338
11.7
2,662
5,833
3,170
54.3
2,856
50
2,806
315
9.9
2,663
1,126
554
49.2
487
1,105
560
50.7
492
4
489
68
12.1
545
479
249
51.9
223
2
221
26
10.4
230
491
263
53.6
245
8,842
5,058
57.2
4,600
48
4,552
457
9.0
3,784
4,970
2,666
53.6
2,390
62
2,328
276
10.3
2,304
6,204
2,932
56.3
2,677
43
2,634
254
8.7
2,272
1,003
518
51.6
459
980
520
53.0
467
4
463
53
10.2
460
445
236
52.9
214
2
212
22
9.2
210
468
253
53.9
236
2,094
871
41.6
655
25
630
216
24.8
1,224
1,237
576
46.6
428
22
406
149
25.8
661
1,348
577
42.8
430
25
405
146
25.4
771
225
77
34.3
60
237
89
37.7
57
51
20
40
18
18,977
12,473
65.7
11,178
564
10,614
1,295
10.4
6,503
i 20,067
13,583
67.7
12,356
597
11,759
1,227
9.0
6,483
11,537
7,732
67.0
6,915
511
6,404
817
10.6
3,805
12,285
8,421
68.5
7,639
539
7,100
783
9.3
3,864
2,094
1,235
59.0
1,103
5
1,098
132
10.7
859
2,087
1,261
60.4
1,121
9,492
7,501
79.0
6,765
493
6,272
736
9.8
1,991
10,234
8,153
79.7
7,478
542
6,936
675
8.3
2,081
5,999
4,856
81.0
4,377
447
3,930
479
9.9
1,142
6,452
5,251
81.4
4,783
489
4,294
468
8.9
1,201
8,516
7,012
82.3
6,399
473
5,926
613
8.7
1,504
9,130
7,655
83.8
7,100
524
6,577
554
7.2
1,475
5,331
4,491
84.2
4,098
427
3,670
393
8.8
840
9,485
4,972
52.4
4,413
71
4,342
559
11.2
4,513
9,832
5,430
55.2
4,878
54
4,824
552
10.2
4,402
8,545
4,643
54.3
4,175
69
4,106
469
10.1
3,901
1,916
818
42.7
605
23
582
213
26.1
1,098
7
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
j
I
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
-
487
67
12.0
572
-
245
18
6.9
228
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
-
459
59
11.3
486
-
236
17
6.6
216
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
' Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
^ Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
-
60
18
22.8
148
1
i
!
ft
14
16
-
i
57
32
36.1
148
ft
14
6
ft
31
16
2
ft
22
D-13. Employed white, black, and HIspanlc-orlgIn workers by sex, occupation, class of worker, and full- or part-time status
(In thousands)
White
Total
Category
I
1996
1997
1996
Black
1997
Hispanic origin
1996
I
1997
I
1996
I
1997
13,183
6,243
6,941
13,539
6,333
7,206
11,178
6,765
4,413
12,356
7,478
4,878
SEX
124,085 127,132 105,761 108,011
66,483 68,065 57,525 58,735
57,602 59,067 48,235 49,276
Total (all civilian worl<ers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
35,919
17.199
18,720
37,586
18,147
19,439
31,699
15,395
16,304
33,179
16,281
16,898
2,650
1,155
1,495
2,642
1,143
1,499
1,563
806
757
1,797
974
823
Technical, sales, and administrative support.
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
37,178
3,792
15,185
18.200
37,877
4,090
15,368
18,420
31,842
3,236
13,395
15,210
32,192
3,490
13,426
15,277
3,780
341
1,192
2,247
4,046
394
1,229
2,422
2,769
249
1,103
1,417
3,028
263
1,178
1,587
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective .
16,687
783
2,168
13,736
17,045
788
2,160
14,098
13,093
601
1,744
10,748
13,260
618
1,703
10,940
2,880
157
375
2,348
2,960
139
390
2,431
2,278
212
173
1,893
2,422
224
Precision production, craft, and repair.
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair.
13,303
4,475
4,922
3,907
13,733
4,518
5,266
3,949
11,698
4,002
4,377
3,319
12,150
3,972
4,792
3,386
1,098
338
410
350
1,122
376
358
388
1,401
397
578
425
1,670
454
745
471
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
17,774
7,885
5,151
4,739
660
4,079
17,846
7,911
5,176
4,759
695
4,063
14,395
6,246
4,308
3,842
559
3,283
14,388
6,305
4,279
3,804
578
3,226
2,660
1,205
723
733
83
650
2,654
1,158
761
735
90
645
2,528
1,236
549
744
156
588
2,774
1,405
577
792
142
650
3,224
3,045
3,034
2,843
115
116
640
666
1,661
1,440
36
1,692
1,313
40
1,553
1,411
34
1,594
1,252
40
60
31
466
13
511
86
111,992 114,791
18,277 18,294
93,715 96,497
888
893
92,827 95,604
8,854
9,165
101
131
94,683
14,692
79,991
682
79,309
7,990
90
96,771
14,688
82,083
690
81,393
8,251
103
12,588
2,898
9,690
178
9,513
514
2
12,972
2,833
10,139
169
9,970
475
10,064
1,349
8,715
234
8,481
539
11
11,131
1,354
9,777
244
9,533
617
11
100,470 103,243
23,615 23,889
85,111
20,650
87,105
20,906
11,090
2,093
11,465
2,074
9,296
1,882
10,322
2,033
Farming, forestry, and fishing
193
2,005
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers .
Self-employed workers.
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers .
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers .
Part-time workers.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household sun/ey.
D-14. Employed Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban-origin woricers by sex, occupation, class of worlcer, and full- or part-time
status
(In thousands)
Total Hispanic
origin'
Mexican origin
Puerto Rican
origin
Cuban origin
Category
1996
I
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
1996
1997
11,178
6,765
4,413
12,356
7,478
4,878
6,915
4,377
2,538
7,639
4,783
2,856
1,103
615
487
1,121
628
492
531
308
223
595
350
245
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
1,563
806
757
1,797
974
823
840
425
416
882
468
415
198
95
104
197
112
165
106
100
91
68
43
Technical, sales, and administrative support.
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
2,769
249
1,103
1,417
3,028
263
1,178
1,587
1,528
105
639
784
1,749
144
667
938
352
40
107
205
359
41
102
217
199
28
74
96
188
16
88
83
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Sen/ice, except private household and protective .
2,278
212
173
1,893
2,422
224
193
2,005
1,347
100
96
1,151
1,424
107
86
1,231
223
15
44
165
217
8
48
71
3
12
57
98
12
14
72
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair.
1,401
397
578
425
1,670
454
745
471
935
254
395
286
1,135
270
547
318
102
31
23
48
122
42
49
30
57
30
20
53
31
17
5
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
2,528
1,236
549
744
156
588
2,774
1,405
577
792
142
650
1,706
810
357
539
122
417
1,862
223
122
59
42
2
40
217
109
58
49
3
46
82
33
25
24
5
19
88
23
36
29
3
25
640
666
558
586
9
11
466
99
511
86
429
82
473
10,064
1,349
8,715
234
8,481
539
11
11,131
1,354
9,777
244
9,533
617
9,296
1,882
10,322
2,033
SEX
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Farming, forestry, and fishing
917
383
562
113
449
162
65
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers .
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers .
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
11
66
6,088
831
5,257 i
114 '
5,144
311
4
6,732
832
5,900
112
5,788
363
5
1,062
186
876
15
861
35
1,080
183
897
11
886
34
485
66
420
5
415
36
553
67
486
12
474
42
5,725
1,190
6,394
1,245
903
199
921
200
451
80
503
92
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers .
Part time workers
' Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
(In thousands)
White
Total
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Hispanic origin
Black
1
1996
1
1997
1
1996
1
1997
1
1996
1
1997
124,085
127,132
105,761
108,011
13,183
13,539
11,178
12,356
5,807
2,250
3,557
11,806
106,471
91,264
15,207
6,055
2,311
3,745
11,969
109,108
93,299
15,809
5,101
2,004
3,097
9,846
90,814
77,336
13,477
5,278
2,043
3,235
10,022
92,711
78,747
13,963
531
189
342
1,380
11,273
10,024
1,248
581
204
377
1,379
11,578
10,296
1,282
605
170
434
1,587
8,986
8,151
835
655
195
460
1,759
9,941
8,989
952
66,483
68,065
57,525
58,735
6,243 i
6,333
6,765 !
7,478
2,931
1,097
1,834
6,211
57,341 i
48,883 !
8,458 j
3,026
1,137
1,889
6,281
58,759
49,986
8,772
2,608
987
1,621
5,232
49,685
42,095
7,591
2,608
1,01«i
1,662!
5,3501
50,6881
42,834 1
7,854
239
791
160:
679
5,324
4,730
594
236
90
146;
6171
5,479
4,902
577
366
88
278
1,001
5,398
4,900
498
378
112
266
1,098
6,002
5,451
551
57,602
59,067
48,235
49,276
6,941
7,206
4,413
4,878
2,876
1,153!
1,723
5,595!
49,131
42,381 1
6,750 !
3,030
1,174
1,856
5,688;
50,349|
43,313i
7,036
2,493
1,017
1,476
4,614
41,129
35,242
5,887
2,581
1,027
1,553
4,672
42,023
35,913
6,110
292
110
182
701
5,949
5,294
654
345
114
231
762
6,099
5,394
705
238
82
157
587
3,588
3,251
337
278
83
194
661
3,939
3,538
401
1
1
1996
1
1997
1
controls used in the household survey.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
0-16. Unemployment rates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over
!
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1
1997
6.0
5.7
5.4
5.0
17.6
19.9
16.1
9.8
4.4
4.6
3.4
16.0
18.9
14.0
9.0
4.3
4.4
3.8
15.4
17.7
13.8
8.0
3.9
\
1
;
1
1
1
6.4
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1
1996
1
1996
18.0
20.8
16.1
10.5
4.7
4.9
3.9
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
i
!
!r
i
J1
White
Total
5.9
1
1
1
5.7
!
5.6
!
5.4
5.0
16.0
17.9
14.7
9.2
4.4
4.5
3.9
i
15.8
17.1
15.0
8.7
4.3
4.5
3.0
14.2
15.8
13.1
7.6
4.0
4.0
3.8
i
i
i
•
1
1
j
:
i
1
1
1
1997
Hispanic origin
1997
1
1996
1
1997
10.7
11.0
10.4
9.0
3.3
32.1
34.6
30.6
20.0
8.0
8.4
4.9
32.7
34.9
31.5
20.9
8.1
8.7
3.8
26.1
33.8
22.5
14.0
8.4
8.4
8.6
24.8
34.4
19.8
12.0
7.2
7,2
7.4
5.3
12.0
11.6
9.8
8.3
35.6
36.5
35.2
21.3
9.1
9.4
6.1
41.4
44.1
39.5
22.5
8.2
8.6
4.6
25.1
37.5
20.1
12.6
8.0
8.0
7.8
24.2
34.3
19.0
12.0
6.3
6.2
7.7
1
i
i
i
j
19.3
22.5
17.3
10.7
4.6
4.7
3.7
19.8
23.6
17.4
11.6
5.0
5.2
3.9
i
Black
i
1996
i
1
17.6
22.0
14.8
10.1
4.5
4.6
3.7
;
1
i
1
16.5
19.6
14.5
9.2
4.1
4.2
3.6
1
4.6
9.5
10.4
14.2
15.8
13.1
6.7
3.7
3.8
28.8
33.2
25.9
18.7
7.1
7.4
3.8
25.1
25.1
25.1
19.5
1
i
!
i
•
i
1
8.7
3.1
!
j
i
i
1
!
11.2
10.2
27.5
29.2
26.5
16.2
9.0
8.9
9.7
25.5
34.4
20.9
12.0
8.5
8.7
7.0
i
;
D-17. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Reasons
Black
White
Total
Hispanic origin
1
1996
1
1997
1
1996
1
1997
1
1996
1
1997
1
1996
1
1997
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ...
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
7,943
4,124
1,484
2,640
1,887
753
795
2,500
523
7,660
3,727
1,360
2,367
1,611
756
826
2,555
553
6,007
3,255
1,275
1,980
1,464
516
610
1,771
369
5,641
2,890
1,180
1,710
1,211
499
655
1,733
363
1,578
713
170
543
344
198
142
609
114
1,674
689
140
548
325
223
145
689
150
1,295
693
244
449
312
137
79
392
131
1,227
591
205
386
231
155
98
403
136
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs..
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
100.0
51.9
18.7
33.2
10.0
31.5
6.6
100.0
48.7
17.7
30.9
10.8
33.3
7.2
100.0
54.2
21.2
33.0
10.2
29.5
6.2
100.0
51.2
20.9
30.3
11.6
30.7
6.4
100.0
45.2
10.8
34.4
9.0
38.6
7.2
100.0
41.2
8.4
32.8
8.7
41.2
9.0
100.0
53.5
18.9
34.6
6.1
30.3
10.1
100.0
48.2
16.7
31.4
8.0
32.8
11.1
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs..
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
3.1
.6
1.9
.4
2.8
.6
1.9
.4
2.9
.5
1.6
.3
2.5
.6
1.5
.3
4.8
1.0
4.1
.8
4.5
1.0
4.5
1.0
5.6
.6
3.1
1.0
4.4
.7
3.0
1.0
1
Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household survey.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and IHispanic-origin groups wili not
sum to totais because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
D-18. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Duration
Black
White
Hispanic origin
1
1996
1
1997
1
1996
1
1997
1
1996
1
1997
1
1996
1
1997
7,943
2,727
2,620
2,596
1,283
1,312
7,660
2,702
2,631
2,327
1,147
1,180
6,007
2,127
1,997
1,883
955
928
5,641
2,119
1,962
1,560
815
745
1,578
482
514
582
265
317
1,674
468
551
654
282
372
1,295
414
409
472
237
235
1,227
436
403
389
194
195
16.6
8.7
15.8
8.5
16.0
8.4
14.3
7.8
19.0
9.6
20.3
10.9
18.1
9.8
15.8
8.6
100.0
34.3
33.0
32.7
16.2
16.5
100.0
35.3
34.4
30.4
15.0
15.4
100.0
35.4
33.2
31.3
15.9
15.4
100.0
37.6
34.8
27.6
14.4
13.2
100.0
30.5
32.6
36.9
16.8
20.1
100.0
28.0
32.9
39.1
16.9
22.2
100.0
32.0
31.6
36.4
18.3
18.1
100.0
35.5
32.8
31.7
15.8
15.9
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are Included in both the white and black population groups.
Beginning In January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used
in the household sun/ey.
D-19. Median weekly earnings of fuil-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Characteristic
1
1996
1
1997
1
1996
1
1997
88,699
90,734
$489
$504
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
50,388
5,448
44,940
51,604
5,409
46,195
557
311
597
582
319
615
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
38,312
4,059
34,253
39,129
4,084
35,045
419
289
442
427
289
456
White
Men
Women
74,423
43,177
31,247
75,743
44,009
31,734
504
580
427
519
599
440
Black
10,534
5,199
5,335
10,879
5,340
5,539
394
417
372
399
426
372
8,599
5,495
3,104
9,623
6,145
3,478
330
344
315
349
369
316
SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
Women
Hispanic origin
NOTE; Detail for the above race and HIspanlc-orlgIn groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and HIspanlcs are Included In both the white and black population
groups. Beginning In January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used In the household sun/ey.
D-20. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Median weel^iy earnings
Age, race, and Hispanic origin
1996
1997
1996
1997
21,047
21,302
$139
$143
6,586
3,416
3,170
6,620
3,577
3,043
132
107
173
130
108
179
14,461
4,225
10,237
14,682
4,456
10,226
142
103
165
148
107
172
18,215
5,646
12,569
18,523
5,741
12,782
141
132
144
143
129
149
1,995
128
124
129
138
132
140
139
141
138
140
145
137
SEX AND AGE
Total, 16 years and over.
Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
White
Men
Women
Blacl<
Men
Women ,
1,369
2,023
586
1,438
Hispanic origin ,
Men
Women
1,773
672
1,101
1,905
739
1,166
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
626
groups. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household survey.
D-21. Median weekly earnings of fuii-time wage and saiary workers by occupation and sex
Number of workers
(in mousands)
Median weel<ly earnings
Occupation and sex
1996
I
1997
27,002
12,884
14,118
25,453
3,045
8,917
13,491
9,247
371
1,865
7,010
10,862
3,881
3,390
3,591
14,879
7,151
4,225
3,502
1,257
28,164
13,625
14,539
25,841
3,445
8,783
13,614
9.587
351
1,870
7,365
11,035
3,901
3,675
3,460
14,811
7,256
3,968
3.588
1,294
$713
696
724
438
576
481
399
302
198
522
282
546
573
523
531
381
374
455
320
297
$740
726
754
453
578
482
415
310
215
570
292
547
578
532
524
398
388
492
336
294
13,669
6,929
6,740
9,622
1,559
5,081
2,982
4,554
11
1,605
2,938
9,945
3,732
3,344
2,869
11,482
4,637
3,963
2,882
1,115
14,562
7,530
7,032
9,861
1,793
4,939
3,129
4,691
10
1,585
3,096
10,095
3,757
3,621
2,717
11,295
4,688
3,721
2,887
1,099
846
843
849
580
659
469
355
875
858
889
591
663
604
515
363
(M
$554
300
564
575
523
584
409
419
463
329
303
(M
$582
315
572
582
535
602
429
443
498
345
307
13,333
5,955
7,378
15,832
1,487
3,836
10,509
4,693
361
260
4,072
916
148
46
722
3,396
2,514
262
621
141
13,602
6,095
7,507
15,980
1,652
3,843
10,485
4,896
341
286
4,269
940
144
54
742
3,516
2,568
247
701
195
612
581
641
391
501
361
384
269
198
427
269
393
540
630
597
663
400
496
346
398
279
214
495
278
366
420
$369
308
308
350
294
266
(M
$357
316
311
392
312
240
1996
1997
TOTAL
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial..
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support.
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and Inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Men
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial ..
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support.
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative suppon. Including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ,
Farming, forestry, and fishing
611
Women
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial ..
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support.
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support. Including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Constnjction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and Inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1 Data not shown where base Is less than 100,000.
NOTE:
Beginning In January 1997, data reflect revised population
controls used in the household sufvey.
(Numbers In thousands)
Civilian
noninstltutlonal
population
Civilian labor force
Total
Employed
Unemployed
Veteran status and age
1
1996
Percent of
labor force
Number
1997
i
1996
1
1997
1
1996
1
1997
1996
1
1997
1
1996
1
1997
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over
7,689
6,504
1,328
3,129
2,047
1,185
7,789
6,398
1,113
2,861
2,424
1,391
6,552
5,850
1,188
2,838
1,824
702
6,673
5,798
1,007
2,596
2,196
875
6,291
5,619
1,140
2,729
1,750
673
6,436
5,589
957
2,516
2,115
847
261
232
48
109
75
29
237
209
49
79
81
28
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.8
4.1
4.1
3.6
3.6
4.9
3.1
3.7
3.2
17,973
8,412
5,585
3,975
18,973
8,816
5,992
4,165
16,085
7,685
5,041
3,358
17,161
8,109
5,444
3,608
15,393
7,349
4,828
3,216
16,445
7,766
5,234
3,445
691
336
214
142
716
344
210
162
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
3.9
4.5
NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served In the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1997,
data reflect revised population controls used In the household survey.
D-23. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Nonveterans
Veterans
Employment status and age
Hispanic origin
Black
White
White
Black
Hispanic origin
1
1996
1
1997
1996
1997
1
1996
1997
1
1996
1
1997
1
1996
1
1997
1
1996
1
1997
5,770
5,250
5,061
189
3.6
5,728
5,240
5,058
182
3.5
621
502
466
36
7.2
548
453
428
25
5.4
262
228
222
6
2.6
285
259
251
8
3.3
15,181
13,831
13,290
541
3.9
15,996
14,700
14,157
543
3.7
1,870
1,452
1,342
110
7.6
2,027
1,607
1,466
141
8.8
1,687
1,497
1,395
102
6.8
1,939
1,750
1,652
98
5.6
1,131
1,016
983
33
3.3
965
877
836
41
4.7
166
144
131
13
9.2
110
92
85
7
7.5
82
65
64
1
1.7
80
67
64
4
5.2
7,132
6,619
6,351
268
4.1
7,441
6,946
6,691
255
3.7
870
716
665
51
7.2
945
771
702
70
9.0
809
731
680
51
7.0
904
832
788
45
5.4
2,776
2,546
2,458
88
3.4
2,536
2,330
2,259
71
3.0
303
246
227
20
8.0
276
229
220
8
3.7
107
96
92
5
5.0
99
93
91
2
1.9
4,734
4,349
4,188
161
3.7
5,079
4,685
4,517
168
3.6
581
457
418
39
8.6
648
520
482
38
7.3
487
438
403
35
8.0
573
510
484
26
5.1
1,863
1,688
1,620
68
4.0
?,??7
2,032
1,962
70
3.5
152
111
108
3
3.1
161
132
123
9
7.0
72
67
67
106
99
96
3
3.2
3,315
2,863
2,752
111
3.9
3,475
3,069
2,949
120
3.9
418
279
259
20
7.0
433
315
281
34
10.8
391
327
312
16
4.8
461
408
380
28
6.8
Total, 40 to 54 years
Civilian noninstltutlonal population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
40 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutlonal population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
45 to 49 years
Civilian noninstltutlonal ooDulation
Civilian labor force
Emoloved
Unemoloved
Unemployment rate
50 to 54 years
Civilian noninstitutlonal ooDulation
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemoloved
Unemployment rate
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served In the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who
have never served In the Armed Forces. Detail for the above race and
HIspanic-orlgIn groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other
_
races" group are not presented and HIspanlcs are Included in both the white
and black population groups. Beginning In January 1997, data reflect revised
population controls used In the household sun/ey.
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error
Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers firom a sample of
about 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996 data)
located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to represent all counties and independent cities in the U.S., with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment,
hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports from
a sample of about 390,000 establishments employing over
47 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who receive pay during
the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are obtained only from the household survey,
whereas detailed industrial classifications are much more
reliably derived from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other because of variations in deflnitions and coverage, source of
information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the
two data series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once. In the figures
based on establishment reports, persons who worked in more
than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—^that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time o f f . In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all
workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the pay-
roll survey, production or nonsupervisoty employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).
COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA WITH
OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemploy-
ment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the
Monthly Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.
COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business. Bureau of the
Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the
Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial classification of establishments; and different reporting patterns
by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the
scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and
financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and churches, are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.
Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of the Census
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference
week." Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week, referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not at
home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons.
This represents a noninterview rate for the survey that ranges
between 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000 occupied
units, there are about 9,000 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample is changed each
month. The rotation plan, as will be explained later, provides
for three-fourths of the sample to be common from one month
to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month
a year earlier.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions
(e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and
who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on
their own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid
workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b) all those who were not working but who had
jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent
because of vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training, or other family or personal reasons.
whether or not they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.
Each employed person is counted only once, even if he
or she holds more Aan one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.
Unemployed persons. All persons who had no emplo5mient
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off^ need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs,
who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the
labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New
entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a proportion
of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four rates
thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
(For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers" and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined into a
single categoiy until seasonal adjustments can be developed
for the separate categories.)
Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—^which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.
Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.
Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the population that is in the labor force.
jyment-population ratio. This represents the propor.. of the population that is employed.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons
in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither
employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on their
desire for and availability to take a job at the time of the
CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and reason for not looking in the 4-week period prior to the survey
week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined as
persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information for the employed applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours.
The unemployed are classified according to their last job.
The occupational and industrial classification of CPS data
is based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.
The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the
following categories: Private and government wage and salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class of
worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond that
their businesses are incorporated are included among wage
and salary workers, because technically, they are paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a
farm or in a business operated by a member of the household to whom they are related by birth or marriage.
Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held
a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. A person employed
only in private households (cleaner, gardener, babysitter, etc.)
who worked for two or more employers during the reference week is not counted as a multiple jobholder, since working for several employers is considered an inherent characteristic of private household work. Also excluded are selfemployed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.
Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off
on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even though they were paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the published
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each
job and for usual hours.
At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, this category refers to
individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to
34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand.
Those who usually work part time must also indicate that
they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons.
At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for ex-
ample: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.
Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this corAexX, full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work
less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the
number of hours worked in the reference week. This may
include some individuals who actually worked more than
34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who are
temporarily absent from work. The full-time labor force includes all employed persons who usually work full time and
unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time
work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time
labor force consists of employed persons who usually work
part time and unemployed persons who are seeking or are
on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for fulland part-time workers are calculated using the concepts of
the full-and part-time labor force.
White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data
for "other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic
origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black
population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5,1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons who
never served in the Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than
half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding self-employed
persons who respond that their business's were incorporated)
who usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living apart
because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on duty
with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—^who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in families maintained by either men or women without a spouse.
Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is
one in which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent. Data on the earnings of
families exclude all those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which the husband, wife, or other person
maintaining the family is either self-employed or in the
Armed Forces.
HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:
• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with
the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization.
• In 1953, the current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The
new system provided some year-to-year overlap in the
sample, thereby improving measurement over time.
• In 1955, the survey reference week was changed to the
calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.
• In 1957, the employment definition was modified slightly
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. TWo relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they
were waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30
days of interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the
unemployed classification. The only exception was the small
subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to
start new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.
• In 1967, more substantive changes were made as a result of the recommendations of the President's Committee
to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics (the
Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were as
follows:
a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job search
methods.
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until June or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.
c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.
d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.
e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.
f) New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.
• In 1994, major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major
changes to the survey were:
a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant
information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.
b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the
definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currently looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none
for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a
job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
during the reference week (a direct question on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous defmition of discouraged workers was too subjective,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior testing of the labor market.
c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part
time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually
work part time: They must want and be available for fulltime work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Persons who usually work full time but worked part time for an
economic reason during the reference week are assumed to
meet these criteria.)
d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff.
To be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must expect to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.
e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—^Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,(X)0 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.
• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,0(X); unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,0(X); unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.
• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,
which affected the white and black-and-other groups but had
little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,0(X) in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor
force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser
degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,(X)0, and
the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000.
Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional
population was modified to an "inflaUon-deflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—^but
had little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years
and over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the Februaiy
1974 issue of this publication.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions,
and methods made over the years, other changes have also
affected the comparability of the labor force data.
• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,CX)0 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the
refugees increased the black-and-other population by less
than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes
being confined to the "other" component of the population.
• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.
• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in
January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by
interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that
the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.
• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind
the change and an indication of the differences appear in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment
procedure used also is described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.
• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.
• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue
of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight
effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were
revised back to January 1980.
• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
itrunigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignbom residents for the same time period. As a result, the
total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised
by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by
about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor
force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,(XX),
respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly alTected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes
and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.
• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, were
introduced into the second stage estimation procedure. This
change resulted in substantial increases in total population
and in all major labor force categories. Effective February
1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for
1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1
million, employment by about 880,000, and unemployment
by approximately 175,(XX). The overall unemployment rate
rose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March
1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.
• Beginning in January 1997, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect updated information on the demographic characteristics of immigrants to, and emigrants from, the United
States. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was raised by about 470,000. The labor
force and employment levels were increased by about
320,000, and 290,000, respectively. The Hispanic-origin
population and labor force estimates were raised by about
450,000 and 250,000 respectively, and Hispanic employment by 325,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation were
not affected. An explanation of the changes and their effect
on national labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in
the February 1997 issue of this publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational
employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to major
activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational
classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of
the new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were
the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "whole-
sale" trade, postal service from "public administration" to
"transportation," and some interchange between "professional and related services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and
industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were laigely based on
the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between
the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within
the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.
The most notable changes in industry classification were the
shift of several industries from "business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into
smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titles
were changed as well, with no change in content.
Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made in order to improve the efficiency
of the sample design, increase the reliability of the sample
estimates, or control cost.
Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: When
Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,
respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing
sample to account for the population of these States. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,(XX) housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,0(K) occupied mobile homes and 6(X),0(X) new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,0(X) households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's),
which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new Statebased CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was
implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the
8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned CPS
sample based on the 1990 decennial census was selected for
use during the 1990's. Households from this new sample
were phased into the CPS between April 1994 and July 1995.
The July 1995 sample was the first monthly sample based
entirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the
1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the Sample for the
Current Population Survey" in the May 1994 issue of this
publication.
The original 1990 census-based sample design included
about 66,000 housing units per month located in 792
selected geographic areas called primary sampling units
(PSU's). The sample was initially selected to meet specific
reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of
New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability criteria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,
given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)
of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the
standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate,
expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a
6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
The current sample design, introduced in January 1996,
includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areas and
maintains a 1.9-percent CV on national monthly estimates of
unemployment level. This translates into a change of 0.2 percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant at a
90-percent confidence level. For each of the fifty States and
for the District of Columbia, the design maintains a CV of at
most 8-percent on the annual average estimate of unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate. Due to
the national reliability criterion, estimates for several lai;ge
States are substantially more reliable than the State design
criterion requires. Annual average unemployment estimates
for California, Florida, New York, and Texas, for example,
carry a CV of less than 4 percent.
In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters
composed of about four housing units each are selected. Each
month, about 59,000 housing units are assigned for data
collection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing
persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere, or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units, about
6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted
to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to
cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is
obtained each month for about 94,0(X) persons 16 years of
age or older.
Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSU's). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous counties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSU's. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an
individual county is too large. Combining counties to form
PSU's provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes
urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed
without undue travel cost.
The 2,007 PSU's are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSU's in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally
the most populous PSU's in each State. The 326 remaining
strata are formed by combining PSU's that are similar in
such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons employed in various industries, and average monthly wages
for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected
from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it
represents not only itself but the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a population of 50,0(X) would be selected for the sample is twice
that for a PSU having a population of 25,000.
Selection of sample households. Because the sample design
is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and depends on State population size as well as both national and
State reliability requirements. The State sampling ratios
range roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in every
3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively constant given the overall growth of the population. The sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio for the
State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in
10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,0(X), a within-PSU sampling ratio of 1 in 3(X) achieves the desired ratio of 1 in 3,0(X)
for the stratum.
The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed using block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 census was the first decennial census that produced data at the
block level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocks
are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, Minor Civil
Division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and be
quite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be several
square miles in size.
For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks were
grouped into three strata: Unit, group quarters, and area.
(Occasionally, units within a block were split between the
unit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum contained
regular housing units with addresses that were easy to locate (e.g. most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobil homes). The group
quarters stratum contained housing units where residents
shared common facilities or received formal or authorized
care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks
with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks
exist primarily in rural areas.
To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to
ensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blocks
within the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sorted
using geographic and block-level data from the census.
Examples of the census variables used for sorting include
proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sorting variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)
and stratum.
Within each block, housing units were sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.
A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected independently from each stratum using the appropriate withinPSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sample
units reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate the
particular sample addresses in the group quarters and area
blocks.
Units in the three strata described above all existed at the
time of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of additional procedures, a sample of building permits is included
in the CPS to represent housing units built after the decen-
nial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sample
up-to-date and representative of the population. It also helps
to keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,
the addition of newly built housing units compensates for
the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use.
Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group
is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,
one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month,
and so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is
common from month to month and 50 percent from year to
year for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of change
and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without
burdening any specific group of households with an unduly
long period of inquiry.
CPS sample, 1947 to present. Table 1-A provides a
description of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in
use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of
the CPS sample design appears in The Current Population
Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40,
Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in
Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the 1990 census-based sample design appears in
"Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May 1994 issue of this publication.
Table 1 -A. Characteristics of the CPS sampie, 1947 to present
Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 ...
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 ...
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 ...
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 ...
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966 ...
Jan. 1967 to July 1971 ...
Aug. 1971 to July 1972 ...
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977...
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 ...
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981 ...
May 1981 to Dec. 1984 ...
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988 ...
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989 ...
April 1989 to Oct. 1994 3....
Nov. 1994 to Aug. 1995
Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995
Jan. 1996 to present
Number of sample
areas
Interviewed
68
230
21,000
21,000
1330
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400
54,500
52,900
46,800
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
792
792
754
1 Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2 Three sample areas were added In 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.
Households eligible
Not Interviewed
Households visited
but not eligible
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
2,600
2,600
11,500
3,500
3,400
3,200
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,800
10,000
9,700
9,000
3 The sample was increased Incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
* Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia
that were gradually phased In during the 10-month period, October 1994August 1995.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the same
State have had the same probability of selection. Some selection probabilities may differ within a State due to the
sample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,
for example, which is carried out when areas selected for
the sample are found to contain many more households than
expected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ for
some sample areas within a State. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities
are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;
data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to account for occupied sample
households for which no information was obtained because
of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas
that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.
Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is
split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each
non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence
categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,
vacation, etc.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the
sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of
these population characteristics. This is accomplished
through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSU's rather
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSU's
that are not self-representing and for those States that have
a substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1990 census between 1) the race distribution
of the population in sample PSU's and 2) the race distribution of all PSU's (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing
PSU's).
b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,
2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.
The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident
population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates of net census undercount, determined from the Post
Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on
earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census
undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to
make population projections is given in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to
account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample
estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by
unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth
months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates
obtained for the other months.
The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the
totals shown in the same tables because of independent
rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand.
Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation
plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates
varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates
From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census population (adjusted for census undercount). It is known that
the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men
than for women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other
races than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent agesex-race-origin population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, OfBce of Federal Statistical Policy
and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of errors and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a
given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample
estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that
include the true population value with known probabilities.
If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard
error calculated for each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the true population value.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two
standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors
for all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. It is important to
keep in mind that standard errors computed from these methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some
kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise
value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errors
for years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated by
adjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.
1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standard
errors by 0.96.
2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standard
enorsby 1.17.
3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errors
by 1.44.
More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPS
data may be found in previous issues of this publication.
Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are
calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of
the monthly estimates.
Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1-F and 1-G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.
Table 1-B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)
Monthly
level
Consecutivemonth change
293
312
145
216
235
161
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
194
206
97
164
174
113
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
219
224
91
165
171
105
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
97
96
62
95
95
81
138
140
66
101
105
76
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
78
71
43
69
72
50
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
98
97
44
73
74
51
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
40
35
32
42
37
37
130
134
63
91
107
73
f^fltonnrvy
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard
errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quarterly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes
of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.
Table 1-C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Blacltworiters
Hispanic-origin wori<ers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level
0.11
.15
.14
.16
.16
.74
.11
.45
.50
.15
.18
.54
0.13
.18
.17
.19
.19
.97
.13
.53
.59
.18
.22
.64
.20
.20
.45
.30
.25
1.75
.67
.24
.23
.54
.36
.30
2.08
.80
.38
.34
.45
.40
.49
.55
.58
.66
.73
.73
.87
.87
.13
.25
1.39
.68
.26
.32
.42
.15
.15
.30
1.65
.81
.31
.38
.50
.18
.42
.27
.19
.21
1.18
.50
.32
.23
.25
1.40
Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial..
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical
Private household
Protective sewice
Service, except private household and
protective service
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
wori<ers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and sen^ices
Govemment wori<ers
Agricultural wage and salary wori^ers
Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 219,000 is given in table 1-B in the
row, 'Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, as
shown by these data, would then be the interval from
53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true labor
force level lies within this interval would be correct for
roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.
Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1-F and 1-G can be used. Standard errors for interinediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.
Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months
the estimated number of employed persons chang^ from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level of
the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the table
1-E column titled "Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment. Total," it is necessary to
find the standard errors corresponding to the two monthly
level entries between which the value 116,150,000 lies. The
standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given as
274,000, and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolation
to find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change conesponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.
246,000 +
120,000,000-116,150,000
(274,000 - 246,000) = 251,000
1^120,000,000 - 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0
Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These table provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in
levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard enors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1E or tables 1-F and 1-G.
Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
698,000 to 1,502,000.
Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.
Table 1-D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment
Unemployment
Estimated
monthly level
Hispanic origin
Total or
white
50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4000
6,000
8,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
40000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160 000
180,000
12
18
41
62
96
157
216
273
330
Black
13
18
39
55
76
Total or
white
Black
12
17
38
54
76
107
131
150
167
201
228
13
18
39
54
74
96
106
108
101
Hispanic
origin
13
19
42
59
82
113
Total
White
12
17
39
54
77
108
131
151
168
202
229
271
12
17
39
54
77
108
131
150
167
201
227
267
296
315
327
333
.. .
324
340
350
354
349
322
267
Black
13
18
39
55
76
103
120
131
137
137
113
Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110
313
264
159
Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change In levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment
Unemployment
Estimated
monthly level
Hispanic origin
Total or
white
50
100
500
1,000 ....
2,000 ....
4,000 ....
6,000 ....
8,000 ....
10,000 .,
15,000 ..
20,000 .,
30,000 ..
40,000 ..
50,000 ..
60,000
70,000 ..
80,000 ..
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
14
19
43
59
78
95
94
73
Black
12
17
37
52
72
Total or
white
14
20
46
64
89
124
148
166
180
204
215
Black
15
21
46
63
84
104
106
92
47
Hispanic
origin
16
22
50
69
95
127
Black
Total
White
10
14
32
45
63
10
14
32
45
63
10
15
33
45
88
88
108
123
137
165
187
108
123
137
165
187
84
97
104
108
100
58
221
221
245
245
262
262
274
281
283
274
246
188
274
281
283
274
246
188
62
Civilian latx>r
Employed force or not
in labor force
12
17
37
51
70
93
105
110
110
79
10
14
31
43
59
78
89
94
95
76
Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed full
time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however,
are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in table
1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected from
the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows not
specifying correlation.
Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, Sx, of an estimated monthly level, x, cm be obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the parameters from table 1-F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate
the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change
in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive
months and use the parameters from table 1-G.
Sx = yl ax^+ bx
Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor force
(x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters
from table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white"). Use the
formula to compute an approximate standard error on the
estimate of 6,000,000.
a =-0.000017962
Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons,
or the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1-F or _l-G relevant to the
numerator. The approximate standard error, Sy p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the following formula, where y is the estimated number of persons in the base.
Sy.P
=
j
y
P(lOO-p)
Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2529.99 from table 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:
Sy.P
2529.99
(32)(100-32) = 1.0 percent
,600,000
b = 2957.13
Sx = ^ ( - 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 7 9 6 2 X 6 . 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ) ^ + ( 2 9 5 7 . 1 3 ) ( 6 , 0 0 0 , { ) 0 0 ) = 1 3 1 , 0 0 0
Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-G ("Unemployment: Total or white. Total, men, women"). Use the formula
to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated
change of 200,000.
a = -0.000093662
-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result can
also be expressed by saying that the apparent change of
200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence level.
Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b = 2690.59 from table 1-G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Total or white. Women: Low
correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as follows.
b = 4191.84
S^ = 7 - ( 0 . 0 0 0 0 9 3 6 6 2 ) ( 6 , 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ) ^ + ( 4 1 9 1 . 8 4 X 6 , 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ) = 149,000
An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from
It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.
Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels
Characteristic
a
b
Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
TotaM
Meni
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-0.000017682
-.000032770
-.000029553
-.000171805
2985.26
2764.05
2529.99
2544.62
Whitei
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16to 19years ....
-.000020028
-.000036840
-.000033710
-.000204195
2984.72
2766.67
2526.82
2549.88
Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16to 19years ....
-.000125300
-.000302096
-.000182509
-.001294516
3139.26
2930.79
2637.41
2949.48
Hispanic origin
-.000206380
3895.71
Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding women and 16-to19 year olds
.000005931
828.79
Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19 years
.000782035
.000858136
3048.57
2825.09
-.000024885
2582.39
Black
-.000134884
3154.76
.011857446
2894.85
.015736341
1702.50
-.000017962
-.000212109
-.000101820
2957.13
3149.77
3576.47
Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19 years
Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.
Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1D or 1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.
Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or
on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2
by the appropriate factor from table 1-H.
Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired for a
quarterly average of black employment levels and for the
change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For each
successive month of the first quarter, suppose the levels are
observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and 11,700,000.
Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.
Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly or
yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in
monthly estimates. Table 1-H gives factors that can be used
to convert standard errors for monthly levels into standard
errors for other time periods and changes over time. Follow these three basic steps:
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use the
formula for Sx to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.
a = -0.000125300
If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed women;
thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would
have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have been
applied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Both
sexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it is
not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to
choose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives a
more conservative estimate of standard error.
Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, or
1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly
b = 3139.26
S x = V ( - 0 . 0 0 0 1 2 5 3 0 0 ) ( l 1,600,000)^ + ( 3 1 3 9 . 2 6 ) ( 1 1 , 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 ) = 1 4 0 , 0 0 0
Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1-H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment. Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.
Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.
Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.
Table 1-G. Parameters for computation of standard errorsforestimates of month-to-month change In levels
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics'
Low correlation characteristics'
-0.000012482
-.000009288
-.000016162
2001.12
1564.84
2550.56
Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000022599
-.000016814
-.000058387
1921.13
1500.99
2668.56
Women:
Mostcharacteristfes
Low correlation characteristics
-.000021229
-.000059785
1689.99
2690.59
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-.000186555
2616.54
Blacic
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000098960
-.001928030
2147.36
6513.82
Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
-.000234427
-.002881467
2280.03
5829.60
-.000156363
-.002311407
-.001288452
1860.78
5420.13
3131.77
-.000157201
-.000102898
-.002624078
-.000248038
2774.53
1930.51
8620.43
2347.42
-.000398909
-.000338741
3615.62
2569.69
Total or white:
Total
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-.000395757
-.000672985
.000130289
3838.04
3959.25
2367.00
Black:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
-.000122355
-.019110769
2861.72
5876.77
Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years
.002872129
.002884390
4640.81
4028.10
-.000245791
2091.57
Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics...
-.000093662
-.000071624
4191.84
5121.75
Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics
-.000414217
.000048170
4361.16
3088.91
Hispanic origin:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics...
-.000252897
-.000996431
5054.25
7037.75
Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Hispanic origin:
Total
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and oven 20 years and over; and both sexes,
161019 years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:
Self-employed
Unemployment:®
' High correlation ctiaracterlstics include emptoyed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics
include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpakl
family workers; and precisfon production, craft, and repair occupations.
^ High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers;
manufacturing wori«ers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reeritrants, persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.
The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for s^^ to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate
for a single month.
Sx = 7 ( - 0 . 0 0 0 1 2 5 3 0 0 )(1 l , 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 f + ( 3 1 3 9 . 2 6 X 1 1 , 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 ) = 140,000
Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table
1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment. Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.
The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.
Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change In yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic
Year-to year
change of monthly
estimate
Quarteriy
averages
Change in
quarteriy
averages
\^ariy
averages
Change in
yeariy
averages
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40
0.92
.82
.78
.80
0.70
.84
.88
.80
0.79
.57
.49
.59
0.70
.70
.70
.70
1.40
1.40
.74
.67
.88
.88
.46
.42
.65
.54
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40
.87
.87
.87
.79
.82
.85
.84
.80
.88
.90
.65
.65
.65
.54
.51
.70
.70
.70
.70
.60
Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Blacl<
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
Establishment Data
("B" tables)
COLLECTION
BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). This sample includes about
390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large number
of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable
industry and geographic detail are prepared and published
each month. Historical statistics can be found in Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States, and Employment, Hours, and Earnings, States and Areas. These data
are also available in machine-readable format and on the
INTERNET
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates
from selected respondents through computer-assisted interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition
technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their
payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of
tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well
as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to the
respondent for use again the following month
TTie technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data
covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the relationship of the current data to the data for the previous
months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved
by entering the identification codes and the address of the
reporter only once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited
again by computer to detect processing and reporting errors
which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the
edited data are used to prepare national estimates.
It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product
or activity determined from information on annual sales
volume. Since January 1980, this information is collected
on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance
tax reports filed by employers. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one
activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States and
areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in
accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC), Office of Management and Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of
persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on
leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who
were hired but have not yet reported during the period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span.
Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on
whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or
an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average
value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing
employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had
decreasing employment. The margin between the percent
that increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the
difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100
minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment (65-( 100-65) = 30). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged
components when computing the index.)
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in
construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries.
Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations.
Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the
site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs
(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed
by members of the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services
are closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time
production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before
deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses
(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other
pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive
pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other
payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.
Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during
the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid
are excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is
different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig-
ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates
are the product of average weekly hours and production
worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher
levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular
rates, receiving as total compensation his or her holiday
pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no
overtime hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month to month. Such
factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover
may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on
average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level
also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in
both the previous and current months.
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a
"gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive
items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes
paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not
covered under production worker, construction worker, or
nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average houriy earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is defmitional. The payroll data used to calculate this
series include lump-sum payments made to production
workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls
used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread
the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of
the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for
the industry group by the sum of total production worker
hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments
are made for other premium payment provisions, such as
holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than
time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the
M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff
assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total
compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours
are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,
reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings
but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work
force. For example, persistent long-term increases in the
proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of
the services industries have reduced average workweeks in
these industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price
Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). The reference year for these series is 1982.
ESTIMATING METHODS
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey estimates of employment are generated through
an annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,703 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.
Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks
in order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts
for March. These population counts are much less timely
than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an
annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative
file of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by
UI laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 98 percent of in-scope
private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the
remaining 2 percent is constructed from alternate sources,
primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based
estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based
estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge
is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added
to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based
monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and
the recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month.
Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly
sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates,
all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated and all data series for the
previous 5 years are reseasonally adjusted, prior to full publication of all revised data in June of each year.
Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nationwide. A current
month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous
month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month.
Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,703 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a
majority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within the
construction division, geographic stratification is also used.
Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary
significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level
estimates.
Unk relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is
called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative
is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus
a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March
benchmark through application of monthly link relatives.
Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic
estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic
cell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures.
The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firm births. There is a several month lag between an
Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and eamlngs
Basic estimating ceil (industry, region,
size or region/size ceil)
Aggregate Industiy level (division
and, where stratified, industry)
Monthly data
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of ail employees in current month
to ail employees in previous month, for sample
establishments whtoh reported for both months.'
Sum of all-employee estimates for component
ceils.
Ail-employee estimate for current month multiplied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupen/isory
workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of
women to all employees.^
Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.
Average weekly hours
Production or nonsupen/isory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory
workers.^
Average, weighted by production or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells.
Average weekly overtime hours
Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.^
Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours
for component cells.
Average hourly earnings
Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.^
Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.
Average weekly earnings
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
All employees
Production or nonsupen^isory worl(ers, women employees
Annual average data
All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
workers
Average weekly hours
Average weekly overtime hours
Average hourly earnings
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.
Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of productton or nonsupen/isoiy worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly eamlngs) divided by
annual aggregate hours.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings
< The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
bias adjustments factors, which compensate for the
underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources
of bias in the sample.
"The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly eam-
lngs are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage
of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same
time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.
establishment opening for business and its appearing on
the UI universe frame and being available for sampling.
Because new firms generate a portion of employment
growth each month of the year, nonsampling methods must
be used to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under
estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment survey since the late 1960's. Prior to the 1983
benchmark, bias adjustments were derived from a simple
mean error model, which averaged undercount errors for
the previous 3 years to arrive at bias projections for the
coming year. The undercount errors were measured as the
difference between sample-based estimate results and
benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this research, a revised method was developed
which incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for the production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to
react to changing economic conditions or changing error
structure relationships between the sample-based estimates
and the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the
inability to incorporate UI universe counts as they become
available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag
from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis,
and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of fmal bias levels for a quarter. Review is done
primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e. abnormally
high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and
bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of
UI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models utilizing a Kalman filter technique,
which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling
error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among
these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.
When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simply
does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents
may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is
often received too late to incorporate into monthly esti-
mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent
for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-based
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in and
of themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1985-95
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average amount of bias which was added each month over the
course of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias
added for 1995 is listed as 144,000; this represents the average of bias adjustments made each month over the period April 1994 through March 1995. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given
year is known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the difference between a March estimate derived purely
from the sample (i.e. a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure
by 12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The
bias required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment which would have achieved a zero benchmark error.
The difference between the total bias required and the total
bias added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in
the table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes.
As discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required figures.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary
goal of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment
of the universe to provide reliable estimates that can be
published both promptly and regularly. The present sample
allows BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period,
and data in considerably more detail with an additional 1month lag.
The CES survey, which began over 50 years age, predates the introduction of probability sampling methods and
has operated as a quota sample since its inception.
The sampling plan used is a form of sampling with probability proportionate to size, known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments.
The universe of establishment employment is highly
skewed, with a large percentage of total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because vari-
ance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate than
smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unit
is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the survey design, large establishments fall into a
certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the sample
for the various industries is determined empirically on the
basis of experience and cost considerations. For example,
in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total
employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in
the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from among the
smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large
proportion of total employment is concentrated in small establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion of
all large establishments but also for a more substantial number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to
a size which can be handled by available resources, it is
necessary to have a sample design for these industries with
a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the
case for most manufacturing industries.
Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C
shows the latest benchmark employment levels and the
approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown.
Reliability
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is
subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error. The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly
related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment
survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with
sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The sum
of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered total
survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish
sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES can
derive an annual approximation of total error, on a lagged
basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is used as a
measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate survey processes
(i.e., the CES sample process and the UI universe process)
and thus reflects the errors present in each program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very small for
total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade, percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.2 percent, with a range
from zero to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most current
benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions
and mean absolute revisions for major industries. Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates; unbiased
estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as over and
under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy of the
Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private Industries, March 1985-95
(In thousands)
Benchmari(
Average monthly bias
Employment'
Revision^
Added^
Required*
Over-the-year
employment
change'
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
79,446
81,204
83,173
86,180
89,015
-131
-400
21
-310
-93
152
149
98
114
131
141
116
99
88
123
3,075
1,758
1,969
3,007
2,835
1990
1991
1992 .
1993
1994
1995
90,546
88,790
88,347
89,790
92,730
96,175
-261
-583
-130
288
688
511
85
61
33
83
115
144
63
12
22
107
171
187
1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443
2,940
3,445
Year
1 Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
^ Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3 The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the
course of an inter-benchmark period, I.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
* The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5 March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because there is no bias adjustment for this sector.
estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was
from the final benchmark level.
Estimated standard errorsfor employment, hours, and earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic estimating cells do not have universe data sources available
and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. Like the employment estimates, the hours and earnings estimates are also subject
to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings were computed using the method of random groups and are expressed
as relative standard errors (standard error divided by the
estimate). Relative standard errors for individual industries
with the specified number of employees are presented in
table 2-E and for major industries in table 2-F. Multiplying
the relative standard error by its estimated value gives the
estimate of the standard error. The errors presented here
are based on averages observed from sample data over the
March 1994 through March 1995 period.
Standard errorsfor differences between industries and times.
The standard error of a difference is required to test for
significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries
are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each
estimate, Sj^ and S ^ .
S difference
=
=
^ s j + s^ -
=
Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for
average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals or range of values that include the true population value. If the process of
selecting a sample from the population were repeated many
Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1995
(Numbers in thousands)
Sample coverage'
Employees
Industry
Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade..
Retail trade.
.
Finance, insurance.
and real estate...
2/»,S2
I f Si = S2, then:
S change
Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SIC and ownership
codes are made through this process. The refiling cycle is
such that every third year entire division(s) are subject to
refiling. The volume of these adjustments is generally quite
large and has a substantial impact on universe employment
counts at the industry levels, although the total nonfarm
employment level remains unaffected. For example, in a
year when the services division is refiled, a substantial
Benchmarks
Number of
establishments
Number
Percent
of
benchmarks
115,849
329,162
44,856
39
576
4,748
18,460
3,605
26,680
59,882
247
950
9,261
43
20
50
6,066
6,316
20,627
"17,111
26,177
65,892
2,404
1,144
5,043
40
18
24
6,770
32,612
24,699
79,479
2,206
8,275
33
25
2,822
4,777
12,075
6,122
19,515
2,822
4,013
8,491
100
84
70
^ s ] + s^
The CBS sample overiaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates
over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows.
S change
times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for
each sample, then approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above the estimate would include the true population value.
Govemment:
Federal
State
Local
Counts reflect reports used In final estimates. Because not all
establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and eamings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
' The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. A small sample Is
used to estimate hours and earnings data.
'Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well
as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a
sample of 5,586 reports covering about 58 percent of employment in
Federal establishments.
Table 2-D. Current (March 1995) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)
Industiy
10-year average
mean percent revision*
March 1995
benchmark revision
Actual
Absolute
Level
Percent
542
0.5
0
0.3
Total private
511
.5
0
.4
Goods-producing
-19
-.1
-0.3
Total
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetaliic minerals, except fuels
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and vi/ood products
Fumiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ....
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories...
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instmments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
1
0
0
-2
-1.9
.9
3
1
1.0
Sen/ice-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and publk: utilities
Communteations
Electric, gas, and sanitary sen/toes
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
See footnotes at end of table.
1.8
2.8
1.9
2.5
1.6
-.8
2
1.4
2.4
1.9
•46
-1.6
-3.5
1.5
-1.6
-1.1
1.6
55
.3
-.1
.7
53
.5
0
.7
6
9
-3
•4
1
3
15
11
-1
.8
1.7
-.6
-.6
.4
-.2
.3
.1
1.7
1.1
.8
1.0
1.5
.9
1.2
2.4
1.1
-75
-40
10
0
39
34
6
-7
-4
2
.7
3.2
-.1
0
2.2
3.5
1.3
-.8
-1.0
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
-1.4
-2.4
-.9
-1.7
-.4
-.6
-.4
0
-.1
-.4
-.2
-.7
-.5
1.1
1.6
1.8
1.1
1.6
.9
1.3
-.2
0
1.8
-.2
.7
.9
4.7
1.5
.6
-.2
-.6
0
-.2
.1
-.9
-.5
-11
-1.1
1
3
-3
.7
.3
-2.8
-.2
-.3
.2
.8
1.8
-.7
2.6
561
.6
-43
-.7
-.5
-5
2
10
15
4
-14
-18
-.3
5.0
1.5
1.6
0
0
-20
-12
11
17
-4.7
-.7
6.5
-2
-13.3
-2.9
-12
-25
-32
5
73
55
18
2.2
-1.1
-2.4
.5
1.2
1.5
.7
.8
1.3
.7
.9
1.5
.3
-.2
-.4
-.7
.5
-.2
0
-.8
0
-1.2
.1
2
.9
1.3
1.2
2.2
1.5
4.0
1.9
4.5
2.9
.8
-.1
1.3
.7
-.4
-.6
-.2
1.3
1.6
1.0
Table 2-D. Current (March 1995) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1995
benchmark revision
Industry
10-year average
mean percent revision^
Level
Percent
Actual
Absolut!
327
17
120
110
7
-20
-6
32
-3
133
41
1.6
2.0
4.7
4.9
.2
-.9
-.6
2.9
-.3
1.9
1.6
.4
.5
2.2
2.8
-.4
-1.2
-.4
1.1
-.7
.6
.2
.7
1.6
2.7
3.5
.9
1.2
1.1
1.6
1.2
1.2
.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions®
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate
-120
-79
-31
-25
-9
-25
-25
-8
-16
-5
4
-9
-36
-1.8
-2.4
-1.5
-1.7
-3.2
-5.5
-12.6
-1.5
-7.1
-.2
.3
-1.3
-2.7
-.3
-.7
-1.1
-.5
-4.7
.5
.7
.1
-1.8
.4
.7
-.2
-.5
1.1
1.2
1.5
.8
6.9
2.0
5.4
1.3
4.7
1.2
1.5
1.8
1.6
Sen^ices*
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business sen/ices
Sen/ices to buildings
Personnel supply sen/ices
Help supply services ®
Computer and data processing sen/ices
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair sen^ices
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation sen/ices
Health sen/ices
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care sen/ices'
Legal sen/ices
Educational sen/ices
Social servtees
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management sen/ices®
Engineering and architectural sen/lces
Management and public relations^
Sen/ices, nec
293
-4
42
4
134
9
58
49
28
-7
14
-96
-32
-28
14
-1
-37
13
-9
90
61
42
5
-2
72
37
11
9
2
.9
-.8
2.6
.3
2.0
1.0
2.5
2.3
2.7
-.7
4.0
-20.0
-2.5
-.3
.9
-.1
-1.0
2.1
-1.0
4.3
2.6
7.3
.8
-2.7
3.4
1.4
1.4
1.2
4.7
.1
2.4
.7
.5
.3
.9
1.4
1.7
-1.1
-1.1
-1.3
-1.9
.5
-.8
-1.4
-.9
-.7
1.0
-.2
1.3
-.6
-2.7
0
1.5
2.6
.5
-1.0
2.3
-.5
.6
2.6
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.9
3.9
3.3
2.8
1.5
4.8
4.6
3.0
.9
2.0
1.1
.8
2.9
1.4
3.1
1.9
5.0
1.7
2.8
3.2
1.6
1.9
3.5
1.4
31
0
0
41
22
20
-10
-34
24
.2
0
0
.9
1.1
.7
-.1
-.5
.5
0
0
0
.3
.6
.1
-.1
-.2
0
.3
0
0
.6
.9
.6
.3
.4
.4
Retail trade
Buikling materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and sen/ice stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Fumiture and home fumishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Qovemment
Federal
Federal, except Postal Sen/Ice
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
< Data relate to the 1985-94 benchmarks, as originally published,
unless othenvise noted.
' Less than 0.05 percent.
> Data relate to 1989-95.
* Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Table 2-E. Relative standard errors^ for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings
(In percent)
Size of employment
estimate
50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
Employment
Average
weekly
hours
Average
hourly
eamings
1.4
1.1
.8
.6
.4
3
1.9
1.5
1.2
.9
.7
.6
3.2
2.6
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.1
' Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March 1995.
Table 2-F. Relative standard errors* for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings by Industry
(In percent)
Industry
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance.
and real estate
Services
Employment
Average
weekly
hours
Average
houriy
eamings
0.1
.8
.4
.1
.1
.1
0.1
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1
0.2
1.1
.3
.4
.5
.5
.3
.2
.1
.5
.2
.1
1.0
.4
.3
.2
.2
.7
.4
.2
.2
'Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March 1995.
amount of employment is usually reclassified out of services to other major divisions, thus, lowering the benchmark level for services, and potentially causing a significant downward revision in the services employment totals
previously published.
Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings,
based on less than the total sample, are published immediately following the reference month. Final revised sample-
based estimates are published 2 months later when nearly
all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G
presents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and
the mean absolute percent revision that may be expected
between the preliminary and final employment estimates.
Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates
are normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly
hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private
nonfarm level, and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry groupings.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)
As explained earlier. State agencies in cooperation with
BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,
and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the
full CES sample to produce monthly national employment
estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the
sample to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail
may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.
Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate national data by detailed industry; correspondingly
the State estimation procedures are designed to produce
accurate data for each individual State. State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because
each State series is subject to larger sampling and
nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them
cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particular
problem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when the
majority of the individual State errors tend to be in the
same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the
Bureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of7States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such
a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error
structure, particularly at turning points.
Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Industry
Total
Total private
Root-mean-square error
of monthly level'
Mean percent revision
Actual
Absolute
65.200
54,300
0
15,500
0
0.1
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetaiiic minerals, except fuels
2,200
400
900
2,200
400
-0.1
.3
.5
.5
.4
.3
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
9,600
4,200
3,900
6,200
.1
Goods-producing
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories....
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal pnxiucts
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Truciting and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
See footnotes at end of table.
0
-.1
-.1
0
.1
.1
.1
.2
.3
.4
.2
11,000
7,500
1,300
1,300
1,200
1,800
1,500
2,100
2,500
1,200
2,400
1,300
4,000
3,600
1,400
2,000
1,300
.1
0
0
0
.1
-.1
.4
0
0
0
.1
0
0
.1
.1
.1
0
0
0
.2
.2
.2
.3
.1
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
.3
5,900
3,400
400
1,300
2,500
1,200
1,800
1,700
1,000
1,700
700
-.1
.2
0
0
.7
.1
0
.1
-.1
-.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.4
0
0
.1
8,900
7,700
2,400
3,900
5,200
2,000
2,400
200
1,200
4,800
4,500
1,900
-.1
-.1
.1
.2
-.2
.7
-.1
.6
.2
-.4
-.1
0
0
0
.8
7,400
3,900
5,000
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
60,400
-.1
0
-.1
0
.1
.9
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued
Industry
Root-mean-square error
of monthly leveP
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate
34,300
2,500
16,200
15,200
6,300
2,900
1,300
5,900
4,000
13,000
8,600
6,800
4,100
3,000
2,500
1,200
1,400
1,000
1,000
Mean percent revision
Actual
Absolute
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.5
.5
0
.1
-.1
-.1
.1
.1
.2
.4
0
.3
.2
.3
0
.1
.1
0
0
-.1
-.1
0
0
0
0
I,700
3,100
2,700
-.1
1,000
.1
0
0
3,000
0
Services'
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nec
30,900
3,200
6,100
8,700
13,000
3,000
10,500
9,800
2,400
1,900
1,200
5,900
12,600
5,200
2,900
0
.1
.1
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State govemment
Local
Education
Other local government
27,700
^ The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean
squared error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between the final and preliminary estimates averaged across
a series of monthly observations.
2,000
3,000
1,600
1,100
12,500
7,900
4,200
1,400
700
3,900
4,500
2,300
2,600
400
II,600
10,700
12,700
11,500
6,000
21,200
18,000
13,500
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.4
.2
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2
0
.1
.5
.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.1
.4
.4
0
0
.2
.2
.3
-.1
.1
-.1
-.1
.4
0
.1
0
0
.1
0
0
.9
.8
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.1
.6
.1
.3
.3
0
.2
.6
.1
.7
0
.2
.1
.2
.3
.8
0
0
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
0
0
0
.2
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
0
.4
.2
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1991
through December 1995.
Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Estimates for States
regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and
current relationships found within each State's economy as
reflected in the different sources of data that are available
for each State—the Current Population Survey (CPS), the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (UI) system. The noise component
of the models explicitly accounts for auto correlation in the
CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude
of the error. In addition, the models can identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.
While all the State models have important components in
common, they differ somewhat from one another to better
reflect individual State characteristics.
TVo models—one for the employment-to-population ratio
and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each State.
The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from
the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and
seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS
not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component
accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the
CES, while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically
to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of
the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate
that changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once
the estimates are developed from the models, levels are calculated for employment, unemployment, and labor force.
Current monthly estimates. Effective January 1996, civilian labor force and unemployment estimates for all States
and the District of Columbia are produced using models
based on a "signal-plus-noise" approach. The model of the
signal is a time series model of the true labor force which
consists of three components: A variable coefficient
Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for all States and the District of Columbia are
adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average
CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a procedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS annual aver-
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative
program. The local unemployment estimates which derive
from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the
basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act.
Annual average data for the States and over 270 areas
shown in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected
metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data
classified by selected demographic, social, and economic
characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin. Geographic
Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a
subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400 LMA's,
counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or more.
The estimation methods are described below for States (and
the District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas. At the
sub-LMA (county and city) level, estimates are prepared
using disaggregation techniques based on decennial and
annual population estimates and current unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description of the estimation
procedure is contained in the BLS document. Manual for
Developing Local Area Unemployment Statistics.
age, while preserving, as much as possible, the original
monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates for two large sub-State areas —New York City
and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are
obtained using the same modeling approach as for states.
Estimates for the nearly 2,400 remaining LMA's, are prepared through indirect estimation techniques, described
below.
Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based largely on CES data. These
"place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place
of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed on
the basis of employment relationships at the time of the
1990 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CES
estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees,
nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers,
and private household workers.
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month.
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each of two categories: (1) Persons who were previously employed in industries covered by State Ui laws;
and (2) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and all
LMA's within the State. The LMA estimates geographically
exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment is
applied to all sub-State preliminary LMA estimates to ensure that they add to the independently estimated State totals for employment and unemployment. For California and
New York, the proportional adjustment is applied to all
LMA's other than the two modeled areas, to ensure that the
LMA estimates sum to an independent model-based estimate for the balance of State.
Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in UI claims counts, and updated
historical relationships. The updated estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates
of employment and unemployment.
Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by
adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes in
a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which they
are based, because they are subject not only to sampling and
other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the
seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted
series for selected labor force and establishment-based data
are published monthly in Employment and Earnings.
Household data
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-11 ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
Jcveloped at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-11 method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-11 ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method
by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E. January 1983.
BLS uses an extension of X-11 ARIMA to allow it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data, usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census
population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in
early 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994, data were
revised only for that year because of the major redesign and
1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount, introduced into the Current Population Survey. In 1996, 1990-93 data also were revised to
incorporate these 1990 census-based population controls and
seasonally adjusted series were revised back to 1990. Subsequent revisions are only carried back to 1994.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to
derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally
adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components. The total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily add
to totals.
In each January issue (March issue in 1996), Employment
and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted data for
selected labor force series based on the experience through
December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to
calculate the civilian unemployment estimate for the first 6
months of the following year, and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure.
Establishment data
Beginning in June 1996, with the release of the March
1995 benchmark revisions, BLS utilizes X-12 ARIMA software developed by the Bureau of the Census to seasonally
adjust national establishment-based employment, hours, and
earnings series.The X-12 ARIMA replaces the X-11 ARIMA,
which had been used to adjust these series since the early
1980's. All national establishment-based series were revised
back to 1988.
The conversion to X-12 ARIMA allows BLS to refine its
seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometime referred to as the 4-vs. 5-week effect. While the CES survey is referenced to a consistent concept, the pay period including the 12th day of the month,
inconsistencies arise because there are variations of 4 or 5
weeks between the week of the 12th in any given pair of
months. In highly seasonal months and industries, this variation can be an important determinant of the magnitude of
seasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the
survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal adjustment.
The interval effect adjustment is accomplished through the
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) option
in the X-12 software. This process combines standard regression analysis, which measures correlations between two
or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes
and predicts the behavior of a data series based on its own
past history. In this application, the correlations of interest
are those between employment levels in individual calendar
months and the length of the survey intervals for those
months. The REGARIMA models estimate and remove the
variation in employment levels attributable to 11 separate
survey intervals, one specified for each month, except March.
March is excluded because there are always 4 weeks
between the February and March surveys.
Projected seasonal factors for the establishment-based
series are calculated and published twice a year, paralleling
the procedure used for the household series. Revisions to
historical data are made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions. All series are seasonally adjusted using
multiplicative models in X-12; additive models are not considered. Seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied at component levels. For employment series, these are
generally the 2-digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals
are arithmetic aggregations for employment series and
weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for hours
and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted,
by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for Urban
Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and
dividing by the 1982 annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
failed or unsatisfactoty seasonally adjusted series, however,
are used in the aggregation to broader level seasonally
adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calcu-
lation of seasonal adjustment factors.
BLS also makes special adjustments for floating holidays
for the establishment-based series on average weekly hours
and manufacturing overtime hours. From 1988 forward, these
adjustments are now accomplished as part of the X-12
ARIMA/REGARIM A modeling process rather than through
the previously used moving-holiday extension of X-11
ARIMA. The special adjustment made in November each
year to adjust for the effect of poll workers in the local government employment series also is incorporated into the X12 process from 1988 forward; this replaces the X-11
ARIMA-based procedure previously used to account for this
effect.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based
series based on the experience through March 1996, new
seasonal adjustment factors for March-October 1996, and a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure appear in the June 1996 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised factors for the September 1996-April 1997 period
will appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by major industry for all States and the District of Columbia (table
B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly to the
employment estimates at the division level (component
series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to
the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and
historical revisions are made coincident with the annual
benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are
designed to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted) data for each individual State. BLS independently
develops a national employment series; State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals. Because each State
series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors
than the national series, summing them cumulates individual
State level errors and can cause significant distortions at an
aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS
does not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and
cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively
large and volatile error structure.
Region and State labor force data
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and
divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tables
C-1 and C-2). Using the X-11 ARIMA procedure, seasonal
adjustment factors are computed and applied independently
to the component employment and unemployment levels and
then aggregated to regional or State totals. Current seasonal
adjustment factors are produced for 6-month periods twice
a year. Historical revisions usually are made at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the separate processing procedures, totals for the Nation, as a whole, differ
from the results obtained by aggregating regional or State
data.
INDEX TO STATISTICAL TABLES
TABLE KEY: A: Monthly household data; B: Monthly national and State and area establishment data; C: Monthly regional. State,
and area labor force data; D: Quarterly, household data only, In the January, April, July, and October Issues. Annual averages:
Householddatalnthe January Issue; natlonalestabll8hinentdatalntheJanuary,March,andJuneissues;Stateandareaestabllshment and labor force data In the May Issue. For additional Information see the listing on the Inside front cover of this
publication.
Ouaiteriy averages
Monthly
Topic
Absences from woric
Aggregate weekly Inours (Index)
Agricultural industries
Seasonally
adjusted
Seasonally
adjusted
Not
seasonally
a(4usted
A-6
A-6
B-6
Earnings, weekly
B-11
B-11
A-14.19-20,
28,33
D-1,4,8
D-11-14
A-21-25
A-20
D-4
D-4
D-13-14
A-34
B-2.15-18
B-2,15,15a.
17-18
D-19-21
A-15
A-13-17,20
A-15
A-19; B-1214
A-17-19
A-13-16,18
D-1-3,5
D-2
D-11-12,15
D-11-15
D-4
D-2
D-13-14
D-11.13,15
A-2-7; B-4
A-13-18,20;
B-13
D-1-5
D-11-15
Full-time workers
-Historical data
A-5
A-16,31
D-3
D-13-14
Hours of work
B-8-10
A-21-25; B-2,
15,18
A-6,10
Occupation
Race
A-3-5,7
A-4
B-3-5. 7
A-6
A-4
Jobsearch metiiods
Marital status
Multiple jobholders
Nonagricultural industries
A-1-3.6
A-26, 32
A-35
A-14.20
Not in tiie labor force
Part-time wori<ers
Production or nonsupervisory wori<ers
A-5
B-5, 8-9,11
A-34
A-16
B-12.15-18
B-7; C-1-2
B-14.18: C-3
A-3-5.8-9
A-13-16,26,
29-30,32
A-30-33
A-15
State, region, and area data
Unemployment by:
Hispanic origin
A-12
A-4
Industiyof lastjob
Occupation of last job
Race
A-10
A-10
A-4
Reason
Sex
A-11
A-2-5.8-9
Union affiliation
Veterans, Vietnam-era
* U . S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1997 - 418 - 559 I 60008
Annual
averages
44-45
B-9
A-1-3,6,10
Atwori<
Class of woricer
Diffusion index
Discouraged workers
Earnings, houriy
Educational attainment and school enrollment
Employment by:
Age
Hispanic origin
Industry
Not
seasonally
adjusted
A-28,33
A-27,33
A-13-16,26,
29,32
A-29-30
A-13-16,2630,32
A-36
D-4,8
D-1, 4
D-3
D-13-14
A-1-2:1-2,56,12-13,15,
17-18,26, 32
19-23
12-13,15-16
35
B-2,15-17;
50; 2
B-2,15,15a,
17; 37-39,
50:2
7
3-9,14-15
4-7,11-13.18
B-1,12-13;
16-18; 1
9-13,17
3, 5, 7-8,1012,14.17-18
B-13; 2-18
8,12-13,30
A-1-2; B-1-2;
1-2
B-15; 19-23,
50; 2
33-34
24,31
36
A-1-2:1-2, 56,12-13,15
35
8,12-13
B-12,15-17;
49-50
1-3
D-1-2, 6-7
D-11-12,16
D-10
D-2
D-18
D-11-12,
16-18
1 v^ lo
D-8
D-8
D-2
D-11,16-20
D-9
D-1-2,6-7
D-17
D-11-12,16
D-22-23
3-8,24,27,29,
33
29-32
4-7,28
26,32
25,32
3,5,7-8,24,
28,31,33
27-29
2-8,24,25-27,
29,31,33-35
40-43
46-47
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Regional Office
Cooperating State Agencies
Current Employinent Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
REGION 1—BOSTON
JFK Federal Building
Rm. E310
Boston, MA 02203
Phone: (617)565-2327
REGION l l - N E W YORK
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014
Phone: (212) 33 7 2400
REGION lll-PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O Bo* 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154
REGION IV-ATLANTA
Room 7T50
61 Forsyth Street. SW,
Atlanta, GA 30303
Phone: (404) 562-2463
REGION V-CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 South Deartx>rn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone (312)353-1860
REGION VI-DALLAS
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone (214) 767-6970
REGIONS VII and VIMKANSAS CITY
City Centei Square
1100 Main, Suite 600
KansasCity. MO 64105-2112
Plione; (816) 426-2481
REGIONS IX and X SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P O Box 193766
San Francisco, OA 94119
Phone (415) 97S 4384
BLS
Region
BLS
Rvglon
Department of Industrial Relations, Room 427,
Industrial Relations BIdg., Montgomery 36130
Department of Lat»r, Research and Analysis
X ALj«KA
Section, 1111 West 8th St.. Juneau 99802-5501
Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
IX ARIZONA
Washington St, Pfioenix 85005
Employment Security Departmerrt.
VI ARKANSAS
P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203 2981
Employment Development Department, EmployIX CALIFORNIA
ment Data and Research Division, 7000
Franklin Blvd., BIdg. 1100, Sacramento 95823
Department of Labor and Employment, Suite
VIII COLORADO
801. 1120 Lincoln Street, Denver 80203
Labor Department, Employment Security
I
CONNECTICUT
Division, 200 Folly Brook Blvd,
Wethersfield 06109
Department of Lat»r, Office of Occupational
III DELAWARE
and Labor Market Information, P O Box 9029,
Newark 19714-9029
Department
of Employment Services, Division
III DIST. OF COL
of Lalx)r Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201, 500 C St. NW , Washington.
DC 20001
IV FLORIDA
Florida Department of Labor and Employment
Security, Bureau of Labor Market Information,
Suite 203, 2574 Seagate Dr, Tallahassee
32399 0674
IV GEORGIA
Department of Labor, Labor Information
Systems, 148 International Blvd , NE ,
Atlanta 30303
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,
IX HAWAII
Research and Statistics Office, Boom 304.
830 Punchbowl St. Honolulu 96813
Department of Employment, 317 Mam St..
X
IDAHO
Boise 83735
Department of EmiDloymenl Security, (2 South).
V
ILLINOIS
401 South State St, Chicago 60605
Department of Employment and Tiaming
V
INDIANA
Sen/ices, Statistical ^ v i c e s Division.
10 North Senate Avenue.
Indianapolis 46204
Department of Employment Services, 1000 tast
VII IOWA
Grand Avenue. Des Moines 50319
Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka
VII KANSAS
Avenue, Topeka 6 6 6 ^
Department for Employment Services, Labor
IV KENTUCKY
Market Research and Analysis Branch.
275 East Main St, Frankfort 40621
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
VI LOUISIANA
Section. 1001 North 23id 51. Baton Rouge
70804 9094
Department of Labor, Division of Economic
I
MAINE
Analysis and Research. ?0 Union St.
Augusta 04330
Department
of Employment and Training,
III MARYLAND
Research and A n a l y ^ Division, 1100 North
Eutaw St.. Baltimore 21201
I
MASSACHUSETTS Department o( Emptoyment and Training.
Government Center. Charles F. Hurley BIdg..
Boston 02114
Employment Security Commission, Research
V
MICHIGAN
and Statistics Division, Room 516. 7310
Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
Department of Jobs and Training. Research
V
MINNESOTA
and Statistics Division, 5th Fl, 390 North
Robert St., St Paul 55101
Employment
Security Commission, Labor
iV MISSISSIPPI
Market Intormation Dvision, P.O Bo* 1699
Jackson 39215 1699
Division of Employment Security P O Bo* 59.
VII MISSOURI
Jefferson City 65104
VIII MONTANA
IV
ALABAMA
Department of Labor and Industry, P.O Box
1728, Helena 59624
VII NEBRASKA
Department of Labor. P.O Bo* 94600, Lincoln
68509-4600
IX NEVADA
Employment Security Department, 500 East
3rd St., Carson City 89713
I
NEW HAMPSHIRE Department of Employment Security, 32 South
Main St, Concord 0)301
II
NEW JERSEY
Department of Labor, Division of Ranning and
Research, P O 80* 2765, Trenton 08625
VI NEW MEXICO
Employment Security Commission, 401 Broadway, TIWA BIdg , Albuquerque 87103
II
NEW YORK
Department of Labor, Division of Research and
Statistics, Stale Campus, Room 400, BIdg. 12.
Altany 122400020
IV NORTH CAROUNA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P O Bo* 25903.
Raleigh 27611
VIII NORTH DAKOTA Job Service, P 0 Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
V OHIO
Bureau of Employment Sennces, Labor Market
Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd .
Columbus 43215
VI OKLAHOMA
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,
Oklahoma City 73105
X OREGON
Employment Division. 875 Union St. NE ,
Salem 97,')11
III PENNSYLVANIA
Bureau of R e s e a r c h a n d Statistics
300 Capitol A s s o c i a t e s Building
Harrisburg, PA 17120-0034
II
PUERTO RICO
Department of Labor and Human Resources,
Bureau of Latwr Statistcs. 17th Fl, 505 Munoz
Rivera Avenue, Hato Rey 00918 (CES), Bureau
of Employment Security, Research and Analysis
Section. 15th Fl, 505 Munor Rivera Avenue.
Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
I
RHODE ISLAND
Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason
St. Providence 02903
IV sotm-l CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Latx>r Markel
Information Division. P O Bo* 995,
Columtxa 29202
VIII SOUTH DAKOTA
Department of Labor, Laboi Markel Information
Center, P 0 Box 4730, Aberdeen 57401
IV TENNESSEE
Department of Employment Security, Research
and Statistics Division, 519 Cordell Hull Office
BIdg , Nashville 37219
VI TEXAS
Employment Commission, Room 208-T. 1117
Trinity St, Austin 78778
VIII UTAH
Department of Empkjymenl Security, Labor
Market IntormatKm Services, P O Box 11249,
Salt Lake City 84147
I
VERMONT
Department of Emptoyment and Training, Office
of Policy and Public Information, P O. Bo* 488,
Montpelier 05602
Ml VIRGINIA
Employment Commission, Economic Information
Senrices, P.O. Bo* 1358, Richmond 23211
II
VIRGIN ISLANDS De(>artment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
53-A, 54 A&B Kronprindsens Gade Charlone
Amalie, St. Thomas 00801-33S9 (CES)
X WASHINGTON
Employment Security Department, Labor Martiet
and Economic Analysis Branch, 605 Woodview
Dr., Olympia 98503
III WEST VIRGINIA
Department o( Employment Security, Ovision
of Labor and Economic Security, 112 California
Avenue, Charleston 25305
V WISCONSIN
Department of Industry. Labor, and Human
Relations. Labor Market information Bureau,
201 East Washington Avenue, Madison 53707
VMI WYOMING
Employment Security C^ommission, Research
and Analysis Section. P O 80* 2760,
Casper 82602
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