Full text of Employment and Earnings : April 1977

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Employment and Earnings
April 1977
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Vol. 24 No. 4







U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Ray Marshall, Secretary
B U R E A U OF LABOR STATISTICS
Julius Shiskin, Commissioner

Employment and Earnings is prepared by the
Division of Industry Employment Statistics and the
Division of Employment and Unemployment Analysis in collaboration with the Division of Special
Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau
of the Census (Department of Commerce), Employment and Training Administration, State Employment Security Agencies, and State Departments of
Labor in cooperation with the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. A brief description of the cooperative
statistical programs of the BLS with these agencies
is presented in the Explanatory Notes. The State
agencies are listed on the inside back cover.
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Communications on editorial matters should be
addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 20212.
Inquiries regarding the text and Household Data
should be addressed to: Attention of Gloria P.
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to Establishment Data and all other tables should be
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Employment and Earnings
Vol.24 No. 4 April 1977
Editors: Chester L Green, Gloria P. Green, James A. McCall

CONTENTS

Page

List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, March 1977
Charts
Statistical tables:

2
5
7

Not seasonally adjusted—

Household data
Quarterly averages
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Labor turnover
State and area unemployment data
Unemployment insurance data

19
57
65
89
117
126
131

Seasonally adjusted series—

Household data
Quarterly averages
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity
Labor turnover
Explanatory notes

42
49
74
108
109
122
135

CALENDAR OF FEATURES
In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly in Employment and
Earnings, special features appear in most of the issues, as shown below:
Household data
Annual averages
Revised seasonally adjusted series
'Quarterly averages:
Seasonally adjusted data
Persons not in labor force
Persons of Spanish origin
Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans
Poverty-nonpoverty area data
Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)
Industry detail (final)
Women employment (National)
National data adjusted to new benchmarks
Revised seasonally adjusted series

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

July

Aug.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

X
X

x

x

x

X

x
x
x

x

x

X

(.1)

(1)

(2) !

(2)

State and area annual averages

X

Area definitions

X

The issue that introduces new benchmarks varies. The October 1975 issue marks the introduction of March 1974
benchmarks. Interim revisions of selected series appear in the February 1977 issue.
2
Revised data introduced December 1976 and February 1977.




MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Employment Status

A- 1: Employment status of the noninstitutional population
A- 2: Employment status of the noninstitutional population
by sex, 1967 to date
A- 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population
A- 4: Labor force by sex, age, and race
A- 5: Employment status of black workers by sex and age
A- 6: Employment status of the noninstitutional population
A- 7: Employment status of the noninstitutional population
by race and sex
A- 8: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by

16 years and over, 1947 to date
16 years and over
by sex, age, and race
by sex, age, and race
16-21 years of age
sex, age, and race

^
20
21
23
25
26
26
27

Characteristics of the Unemployed

A- 9:
A-10:
A-11:
A-12:
A-13:
A-14:
A-15:
A-16:

Unemployed persons by sex and age
Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex
Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age
Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race
Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason
for unemployment
A-17: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
A-18: Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status
A-19: Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job

28
28
29
29
30
30
31
31
32
32
33

Characteristics of the Employed

A-20:
A-21:
A-22:
A-23:
A-24:
A-25:
A-26:
A-27:
A-28:
A-29:

Employed persons by sex and age
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race
Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex
Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work
Persons at work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours
Nonagricultural worl$ers»by industry and full- or part-time status
Persons at w6rk mjfco"hagricultural industries by full- or part-time
status,sex, age, race,and marital status
A-30: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex

33
34
35
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
40

Characteristics of 14 and 15 year-olds
A-31: Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race

41

A-32: Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation

41

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-33: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age,
seasonally adjusted
A-34: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted
A-35: Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
A-36: Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
A-37: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-38: Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-39: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-40: Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-41: Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-42: Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
Characteristics of Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-43: Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans
20 to 34 years of age




42
42
43
44
44
45
45
46
46
47

48

QUARTERLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data

A-44: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race,
seasonally adjusted
A-45: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally
adjusted
A-46: Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
A-47: Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
A-48: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-49: R ates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-50: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-51 : Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
A-52: Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally
adjusted

49
50
51
52
53
53
54
54
55

Persons Not In Labor Force

A-53: Job desire of persons not in labor force by current activity, reasons for not seeking work,
sex, and race, seasonally adjusted
A-54: Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by
age and sex
A-55: Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by
age, race, and sex
A-56: Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by
age, race, sex, and detailed reason
A-57: Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving
last job for those who worked during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex
A-58: Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who
intend to seek work within next 12 months by age, race, and sex

56
57
58
58
59
59

Persons of Spanish Origin

A-59: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population and the white, black,
and Spanish origin components by sex and age

..

60

Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans Data

A-60: Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34
years of age
A-61: Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34
years by age and race
Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and Poverty-nonpoverty Area Data
A-62: Employment status of the population in metropolitan-nonmetropolitan areas by
sex, age, and race
A-63: Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
A-64: Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty
areas by sex, age, and race
,

61
62

63
64
64

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Employment—National
BBBB-

1:
2:
3:
4:

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, 1919 to date
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Indexes of employment on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1919 to date,
monthly data seasonally adjusted
.'
B- 5: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted
B- 6: Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
B- 7: Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased, 1973 to date
Monthly data in February, May, August, and November issues; annual averages in March issue.




65
66
—
74
75
76
77

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA-Continued
Page

Employment-State and Area
B- 8: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division

78

Hours and Earnings—National

C- 1: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, 1955 to date
C- 2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
C- 3: Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the
Federal Government
C- 4: Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing
payrolls, by industry
C- 5: Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and 1967 dollars
C- 6: Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonagricultural payrolls
C- 7: Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing
group, seasonally adjusted
C- 8: Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
C- 9: Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
C-10: Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division
C-11: Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices, private business
sector, seasonally adjusted
C-12: Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted, at annual rate

89
90
104
104
105
106
108
108

109
109
110
•• •

111

Hours and Earnings—State and Area
C-13: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by
State and selected areas

112

Labor Turnover—National
D- 1: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1965 to date
D- 2: Labor turnover rates, by industry

117
118

D- 3: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1965 to date, seasonally adjusted

122

Labor Turnover—State and Area
D- 4: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas

123

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E- 1: Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas . . .

126

MONTHLY UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA
F- 1: Insured unemployment under State programs
F- 2: Insured unemployment in 150 major labor areas




131
133

Employment and Unemployment Developments,
March 1977
Employment continued to increase in March and unemployment declined slightly. The unemployment rate was
7.3 percent, a return to the January level after rising to
7.5 percent in February as a result of weather-related
energy shortages. All of the unemployment reduction
took place among adult men.
Total employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—rose by more than half a million in
March to 89.5 million. This sustained the marked expansion
that has totaled 1.7 million persons since last October.
Nonfarm payroll employment—as measured by the
monthly survey of establishments—advanced by nearly
500,000 in March to 81.3 million. The payroll total has also
showed a resurgence over the past 5 months with a rise of
1.5 million jobs.
Unemployment
The number of persons unemployed edged down in
March to 7.1 million, seasonally adjusted. The over-themonth decline occurred entirely among persons who had
lost their last job, including a large number who were
recalled from layoff. Total unemployment has declined
by nearly 600,000—500,000 adult men and 100,000
adult women—since its 1976 peak level reached last
November, with all of the improvement taking place among
job losers.
The overall unemployment rate declined to 7.3 percent,
the same as in January; the rate had risen to 7.5 percent in
February as a result of energy-related problems. The rate
had been 8.0 percent last November. The over-the-month
reduction took place among adult men, as their jobless
rate fell 0.4 percentage point to 5.4 percent. This movement
was accompanied by unemployment decreases among male
household heads, married men, full-time workers, and
manufacturing and construction workers. Jobless rates for
most other demographic groups—for example, teenagers
(18.8 percent) and adult women (7.2 percent)—showed
little change in March.
The average (mean) duration of unemployment fell for
the second straight month. The 2-month drop totaled one
and a half weeks, bringing the March level to 14.0 weeks,
the lowest point in nearly 2 years. The February-March
change resulted from a sizeable decline in the number of
long term unemployed—persons who have been seeking




work for 15 weeks or more—combined with an increase in
the number of those who have been unemployed less than
5 weeks.
In line with the reduction in unemployment, there was
also a decline in the number of persons in nonagricultural
industries who were working part time involuntarily (those
on part-time schedules for economic reasons); their number
decreased by 160,000 to 3.3 million.
Total employment and the labor force
Total employment rose for the fifth month in a row,
advancing by more than 500,000 in March to 89.5 million,
seasonally adjusted. As has been the case in recent months,
all of this increase occurred in nonagricultural industries.
Adult women accounted for 270,000 of the total increase,
while adult men rose by 180,000. Over the past year, total
employment has risen by 2.6 million, with two-thirds of it
occurring since last October.
The proportion of the total noninstitutional population
that is employed—the employment-population ratio—was
56.7 percent in March, the highest percentage in 29 months.
However, the ratio was still somewhat below the alltime
high of 57.4 percent last reached in March 1974.
The civilian labor force rose by nearly 400,000 for the
second consecutive large monthly advance. The labor force
has grown by more than a million workers since January
and by 2.7 million since last March; adult women accounted
for more than half of the growth during each period.
The civilian labor force participation rate—the proportion of the civilian noninstitutional population either working or looking for work—was at a new high of 62.0 percent
in March, well above the year-earlier level of 61.3 percent.
Discouraged workers

Discouraged workers are persons who report that they
want work but are not looking for jobs because they believe
they cannot find any. Because they do not meet the labor
market test—that is, they are not engaged in active job
search—they are classified as not in the labor force rather
than as unemployed. These data are published on a
quarterly basis.
Consistent with the decline in unemployment in the
first quarter, the number of discouraged workers also

decreased, after rising between the third and fourth
quarters of 1976. There was an average of 930,000 discouraged workers for the quarter, about the same level that
had prevailed a year earlier. (See table A-53.) About 640,000
(or seventy percent) of the discouraged workers indicated
job-market factors as their reason for not seeking work.
Industry payroll employment

Total nonagricultural payroll employment also increased
for the fifth consecutive month, rising by 490,000 in March
to 81.3 million, seasonally adjusted. Over-the-month gains
occurred in more than three-quarters of the industries that
comprise the BLS diffusion index of nonagricultural payroll
employment. Over the past year, payroll employment has
grown by 2.3 million, almost two-thirds of which has taken
place since October.
Employment increases were recorded in all eight major
industry divisions. The largest gain occurred in manufacturing, where 165,000 jobs were added to payrolls. Four-fifths
of this advance took place in the durable goods sector. Increases in transportation equipment (40,000) and about
20,000 each in electrical equipment and fabricated metal
products accounted for much of the March growth in
durables.
Elsewhere in the goods-producing industries, contract
construction employment, which had been affected by bad
weather conditions in January, increased for the second
straight month, rising by 95,000 in March. At 3.7 million,
employment in this industry was 325,000 above its June
1975 recession low. There was also an over-the-month gain
in mining—15,000.
In the service-producing sector, strong gains took place in
wholesale and retail trade (90,000) and services (55,000),
while there were increases ranging from 20,000 to 25,000 in
transportation and public utilities; finance, insurance, and
real estate; and government.




Hours

The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls was 36.2 hours
in March, seasonally adjusted, unchanged from the revised
February level. The manufacturing workweek edged up 0.1
hour to 40.3 hours as a result of increases in the durable
goods industries. Factory overtime held steady over the
month at 3.3 hours.
Despite the stability in the average workweek, the index
of aggregate hours of private nonagricultural production or
nonsupervisory workers rose to an alltime high of 115.0 in
March (1967=100), reflecting the sharp increase in employment. The index was 3.5 percent above its year-ago level. The
factory index rose sharply for the second straight month
to a level (97.2) that was 3.1 percent above March 1976.
Hourly and weekly earnings
Both average hourly earnings and average weekly earnings
of private nonagricultural production or nonsupervisory
workers increased 0.6 percent in March, seasonally adjusted,
and each was 7.3 percent higher than a year earlier.
Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings were $5.11, up 2 cents from February. Hourly earnings
were 35 cents above the March 1976 level. Average weekly
earnings rose 72 cents over the month to $183.45 and have
risen $12.57 since March a year ago.
The hourly earnings index
The Hourly Earnings Index—earnings adjusted for overtime in manufacturing, seasonality, and the effects of
changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and
low-wage industries—was 193.9 (1967=100) in March,
0.4 percent higher than in February. The index was 7.1
percent above March a year ago. During the 12-month period
ended in February, the Hourly Earnings Index in dollars
of constant purchasing power rose 1.1 percent.

CHARTS
Page
1.

Labor force and employment, 1958-77

7

2.

Major unemployment indicators, 1958-77

8
8

3.

Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age, 1958-77

4.

Total employment by sex and age, 1958-77

5.

Employment-population ratios by sex and age, 1958-77

6.

Payroll employment in goods- and service-producing industries, 1958-77

10

7.

Nonagricultural payroll employment by industry, 1958-77

11

8.

Persons at work full and part time in nonagricultural industries, 1958-77

12

9.

Employment in nonfarm occupations, 1958-77

13
14

9
10

10.

Unemployment rates by sex and age, 1958-77

11.

Unemployment rates by race, 1958-77

14

12.

Unemployment rates by major occupational groups, 1958-77

15

13.

Duration of unemployment, 1958-77

16

14.

Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries, 1958-77

17
17

15.

Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries, 1958-77

16.

Total private gross and spendable weekly earnings, 1958-77

18

17.

Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1958-77

18

Chart 1. Labor force and employment
(Seasonally adjusted)
THOUSANDS

100000

100000

95000

95000

90000

90000
To tal lab or forC e

N

'" >

85000

s

s

80000

y y

75000

80000

f
/

85000

"

75000

y
/ ^
70000

- / ^ Civilian labor force

70000
/ * * • " "

y

65000

al employment

65000

L-'"
60000

60000

onagr icultu ral
e nploy ment
55000

5S0Q0




1968

19S9

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

19G6

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1976

1976

50000

1377

SOURCE: Table A-33.

Chart 2. Major unemployment indicators
(Seasonally adjusted)

PERCENT
11.0 I

11.0

10.0

10.0

I

Unemployment rate
all civilian workers

3.0

Unemployment rate
household heads ^
married men

o.o k

1968

1969 I960

1961 1962 1963 1964 19C6 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970

1971 1972 1973 1974 1976 1976

1977

SOURCE: Table A-36.

Chart 3. Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)

•
/ M a l e s , 20 years and over

-'V—.

•

60.0

-

Tot al, all work
60.0

-^

•«

-^—"

^

/V\, /
Both sexes, 16-19 years

f

\f\

•A, A •A/\
/"v-A

4

50.0

-/
^ 4

—y
•

nales 20 y »ars a nd over
-

1968

1969 I960

1961 1S62 1963 1SI

4

1916 19T6

^30.0
1917

SOURCE: Table A-33.

8







Chart 4. Total employment by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)

THOUSANDS
ozouu

50000

A'

47500

Mi les,2( years andc »ver
^ ^

~S
42500

40000

37500

37500
-

35000

35000

32500

30000

<*-

27500

27500

:

1emal >s, 20 years a n d o rer^^
25000

f

pocnfl

22500

20000

20000

17500

15000

15000

12500

12500

10000

10000

7500
••••v
Both sexes , 1 6 - 1 )year

I*""'

5000

5000

2500

2500

0
1168

1968

I960

1961

1962

1963

1964

19«6

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1978

1976

1977

SOURCE: Table A-33.

Chart 5. Employment—population ratios by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)

PERCENT
85.0

85.0

Males, 20 years and over

80.0

60.0

60.
Total, all workers
65.0

-Both sexes, 16-19 years-

r

"•Pi
^^forffyWv/1'

35.0

1969

I960

1961

Females, 20 years and over

1962 1963 1964 1966 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971

35-0

1972 1973 1974 1978 197« 1977
SOURCE: Table A-33.

Chart 6. Payroll employment in goods- and service-producing industries
RATIO SCALE-THOUSANDS

(Seasonally

adjusted)

m i Q

5CflLE

j
•79000

79000

:

Toti Inon agrici tural payro lemp oymc

€9000

69000

"

;

^ 59000

**
'

- ,_

59000

.—

^

49000

49000

Servi ce-prc ducir gindiistrie;

39000

39000
-

—

-

-

-

29000

29000

Good s-proc lucing induj triess

^—.
.........

/V
19000

y—




19000

MbJ..I.

NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.

10

<
-

SOURCE: Table B-5.




Chart 7. Nonagricultural payroll employment by industry
(Seasonally adjusted)

RflTIO SCflLE
23000

RflTIO SCflLE-THOUSflNDS
23000

:
20500
—

Vlanu actur

r*

Z0500

-——*

^
•>

18000
-

*

•

—

i»....

^

-

^

^

—

-

18000

.—•*

\ * *
15500

.

Who lesale andr •tail trade^

*

—

"

15500

"

—-—'

13000

13000

S rvice

§

>

- ^ *

^H

8000

andl< calg< vernr lent

State

1969

I960

1961 1962 1983 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 19*70

1971 1972

RflTIO SCflLE-THOUSflNOS
5150

RflTIO SCflLE
5150

Transportation and public utilities
4150

Contract construction

ۥ2650

-Finance, insurance
and real estate

:

JL--

1968

ederal government

•»"» » ' '• -1"'"' '
"»'' ' ' '
'2150
1958 1950 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1976 1976 1977

RflTIO SCflLE
900

RflTIO SCflLE-THOUSflNOS

850

i \
800

\

:V

/

V

Mir ing

\

1968

1969 I96G

r

600

1961 1962 1963 1964 1966 1966 1967 196B 196S 1970 1371 1972 1973 1974 1976 1976

NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.

1977

SOURCE: Table B-5.

11

Chart 8. Persons at work full and part time
in nonagricultural industries
(Seasonally adjusted)

"THOUSANDS
70000 r™

70000
>•uU-i

/me

sc/?e c/i//e S
67500

6-7500

J

65000

/ :
65000

. J

62500

62600

/
60000

60000

/ 57500

57500

7"

/
55000

55000

/

ArJ

52500

52500

f

50000

50000

1

47500

7

/

A

47500

y

1868

1869

1960

1961

1982

1963

1864

1868

IMS

1S67

1968

1969

1970

1971

1B72

1973

1974

1976

1976 1977

46000

THOUSANDS
19Knn

f 'art-t7/ne scAw </i//e

/

^;
10000

10000

IT

rorke sonv olunt rypa t-timi sche Jules

7500

A

7500

r

6000

5000

2500

\

\

2500

•-WN

V

'V
W( rkers >npa ttimc form onorr icrea sons

1188

1969

1960

1961

1962

1963

.964

1968

1968

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1976

1976 1177

SOURCE: Table A-42

12




0




Chart 9. Employment in nonfarm occupations
(Seasonally adjusted)

White-collar workers

Professional and technical workers
8760

8760

Managers and administrators,
except farm
6260

6260

1968

1989 1MQ 1961 106t IMS 1M4 tMl tM6 1067 IfM

1066 1070 1171 107t 107» 1074 1I7«

10'

Blue-collar workers
RATIO SCALE
13000

RATIO SCALE-THOUSANDS
13000

10600

10600
Craft and kindred worker
Operatives, except transport'

8000

8000

6600

5500

Nonfarm laborers

UN

1189 I960

1961 tl«f

1069 t004

1066 1066 1 M ? 1066 1060 1910 1071 1972 1073 1074 1078 1076

Service workers

RATIO-SCALE THOUSANDS
13300

197*

RATIO SCALE
13300

;

12300

sA

11300

12300

;
11300

yv.
A

u

0300

8300

A/V

7300

fa
1988

J1

1980 I960

•

\/

8300

8300

V

•
•t • •

1061 198t

196S 1064 1M6 1066

1967

1N0

1970 1071 t«7t

NOTE: Two breaks in series occurred in 1971 stemming from the reclassification of occupations
introduced in January and from a questionnaire change concerning "major activity" introduced in
December. See "Changes in occupational classification system" in the Explanatory Notes.

1979 1674 107« 1976

19'

7300

SOURCE: Table A-42.

13

Chart 10,, Unemployment rates by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
22.5 1

22. 6

20.0

20.0

n.s

15.0

12. S

10.0

10.0

A,,
Females, 20 years and over

/ J s *** 1 ^/»%i

5.0

5.0

2.5

1888

1868 1860 1061 1862 1863 1864 1866 1866 1867

1868

1871

L 1872I

"••» I I I
limiliiiiil 0 . 0
1873
1874 1876 1876 1877

SOURCE: Table A-36.

Chart 11. Unemployment rates by race
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
20.0

20.0

15.0

16.0

VAT
Black an d other

hJ

/

V

10.0

-

—i
f

;

/

.-•«-•

W h te
0.0

1866

1866 I860

1881 1862 1888 1064 1866 1866 \867 1868 1888 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1876 1876

1877

Ratio of black-to-white unemployment rate

RATIO
3.00

3.00

2.50

2.50

2.00

2.00

1.50

1*88

I860

I860

1861 1862 t068

1864 1868 1866 1867 1868 I860

1870 1071 1072 1079 1074 1078 1078 II

SOURCE: Table A-35.

14




0.0




Chart 12. Unemployment rates by major occupational groups
(Seasonally adjusted)

White-collar workers

1968

1969

I960

1961

1962

(963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

i969

1<?7C

1971

1972

Blue-collar workers

15.0

1Q.0

Transport equipment operatives

186

PERCENT

1969

I960

1961

1962

1963

1964

.866

1966

i«67

1966

1969

1970

1871

1972

1973

1974

1076

1976

1977

10.0 I

rvict

XJ

r^

h

yrkei 'S

2 ervicc work

Farn i workers^.
•»

2.5

^fari

y

y

i

A,/

M

5.0

V

•A

y

:

J

r

\ /

HA.

\

0.0
1968

1969

1S80

1961

1962

1963

1964

(968

1966

1967

1868

IMS

1970

1871

1972

1973

1974

1976

1976

1977

SOURCE: Table A-36.

15

Chart 13. Duration of unemployment
(Seasonally adjusted)

Number of workers unemployed
RATIO SCALE-THOUSANDS
10260

RATIO SCALE
10260

27S0

2760

250 *"
1188

IMS

I MO

l«ei

tttt

tl«8

1016

1067

IMS

IMS

19?C

\%1\

107S

\Vtt

tfl74

t«T«

iBif

10T7

250

Percent of civilian labor force

PERCENT
10.0 |

Total unemployed

, Less than 5 weeks
2.5
5 to 14 weeks

\—uw-u—11>—

15 weeks and over

I
1068

1069

(.360

I06t

1062

I I.
1063

1064

1066

1066

1067

1068

1060

1070

1071

1972

1073

1074

1976

1976

1977

Average duration of unemployment

WEEKS
20.0

20.0

15.0

S.O '"'"l"1"'
1«68

5.0

' '•
1069

i960

1861

1962

1963

.864

i966

.966

1967

1968

i969

197r

1971

1972

1973

1974

1976

1976

1977

SOURCE: Table A-37.

16







Chart 14. Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries
(Seasonally adjusted)
HOURS
42.S
Aanuf acturi
/

V

^

\

j

(

j
\

: /

f

\
/

Tota 1 privj teest ablisri menti
37.5

f
1S68

1359

18HQ

IllMJMlU UjlJlUll uumluiM
1361 1962 1963 1364

1966

1067

1968

1859

19*70

1971

1972

1973

Overtime hours in manufacturing

HOURS
5.0 |

7
1968

1

1966

IlllH.'illM I.».J..U.
1974 1976 1676 1977

zx\

1969

I960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1966

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970 197!

Annual averages prior to 1964.
SOURCE: Table C-7.

NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.

Chart 15, Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries
DOLLflR,3
250 00

(Seasonally

adjusted)

•

225.00

225.00

200.00

/

200.00

/

/

•

175.00

175.00

.

150.00

/

150.00

y
1Aanuf icturi

x^

125.00

125.00

100.00

100.00
rotai r>rivatc estat lishrr ents
;

75.00

75.00

Uiil.JjlJ

50.00

I

iHuililn. muhuu.

50 .00

1

Annual averages prior to 1964.
MOTE: Data for two most recent months~anr preliminary.

SOURCE: Tables C-7 and C-8.

17

Chart 16. Total private gross and spendable weekly

earnings

(Seasonally adjusted)
DOLLARS
200.00

200.00

J

175.00

150.00
Gross earnings in current dollars

Gross earnings in 1967 dollars
100.00

100.00

Spendable earnings
in 1967 dollars
75.00

75.00
\

50.00 >

Spendable earnings n current dollars

l

»•"•«!
» » > ' l»»>»
I i I IMIMI i I i.n.il..i.J
I
I..M.I.
1198 I960 I960 1961 1862 1963 1964 1966 1 M 6 1967 IS6B 1869

I

" ' " ' l "'"» '
176 1917

50.00

1

Worker with three dependents.
NOTE: Data prior to 1964 are annual averages. Data for current month are preliminary.

SOURCE: Table C-8.

Chart *7_ Later turnover rates in manufacturing
(Seasonally adjusted)
PER 100 EMPLOYEES

Acc< sslon 5
5.0

5.0

w
"

2.5

0.0

"A

A*

J
196B

New hires

1969

196C

1961

196?

1963

1964 1966

1966

1967

1968

1969 1970

1971

1972 1973

1974

/
./'
IS7B

/
^

/
V
2.5

t915 1877

PER 100 EMPLOYEES
A n

3.0

2.0

A1

4 0

/

H.

-A
V

%

\A

•AA.,
1*0

3.0

-Qui

\

M

A'

XT

vA

V

2.0

j

1.0

t.ayofff

196B

1969

1960 1961 1962 1963

19641966

NOTE Data for current month are preliminary.

18




0 0
1966

1967

1968

1969

SOURCE: Table D-3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over,1947 to date

[Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Total

Total labor force
Not in

tutional

Percent

population

Number

of

Agriculture

population

TOTAL
1947
1948..
1949
1950
1951
,

1957
1958
1959
1960 1
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966

1972 \.
1973 1
1974
1975
1976

,

labor

of

force

labor
force

60,941
62,080
62,903
63,858
65,117

58.9
59.4
59.6
59.9
60.4

59,350
60,621
61,286
62,208
62,017

57,038
58,343
57,651
58,918
59,961

7,890
7,629
7,658
7,160
6,726

49,148
50,714
49,993
51,758
53,235

2,311
2,276
3,637
3,288
2,055

3.9
3.8
5.9
5.3
3.3

42,477
42,447
42,708
42,787
42,604

,
,
,
,

108,823
110,601
111,671
112,732
113,811

65,730
66,560
66,993
68,072
69,409

60.4
60.2
60.0
60.4
61.0

62,138
63,015
63,643
65,023
66,552

60,250
61,179
60,109
62,170
63,799

6,500
6,260
6,205
6,450
6,283

"53,749
54,919
53,904
55,722
57,514

1,883
1,834
3,532
2,852
2,750

3.0
2.9
5.5
4.4
4.1

43,093
44,041
44,678
44,660
44,402

,
,
,

115,065
116,363
117,881
119,759
121,343

69,729
70,275
70,921
72,142
73,031

60.6
60.4
60.2
60.2
60.2

66,929
67,639
68,369
69,628
70,459

64,071
63,036
64,630
65,778
65,746

5,947
5,586
5,565
5,458
5,200

58,123
57,450
59,065
60,318
60,546

2,859
4,602
3,740
3,852
4,714

4.3
6.8
5.5
5.5
6.7

45,336
46,088
46,960
47,617
48,312

122,981
125,154
127,224
129,236
131,180

73,442
74,571
75,830
77,178
78,893

59.7
59.6
59.6
59.7
60.1

70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770

66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895

4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979

61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915

3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875

5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8

49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288

133,319
135,562
137,841
140,182
142,596

80,793
82,272
84,240
85,903
86,929

60.6
60.7
61.1
61.3
61.0

77,347
78,737
80,734
82,715
84,113

74,372
75,920
77,902
78,627
79,120

3,844
3,817
3,606
3,462
3,387

70,527
72,103
74,296
75,165
75,732

2,975
2,817
2,832
4,088
4,993

3.8
3.6
3.5
4.9
5.9

52,527
53,291
53,602
54,280
55,666

145,775
148,263
150,827
153,449
156,048

88,991
91,040
93,240
94,793
96,917

61.0
61.4
61.8
61.8
62.1

86,542
88,714
91,011
92,613
94,773

81,702
84,409
85,935
84,783
87,485

3,472
3,452
3,492
3,380
3,297

78,230
80,957
82,443
81,403
84,188

4,840
4,304
5,076
7,830
7,288

5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7

56,785
57,222
57,587
58,655
59,130

83,630
83,931
84,308
84,220
84,450
84,462
84,516
84,428
84,972
85,184

7,017
7,047
6,911
7,171
7,406
7,517
7,448
7,564
7,651
7,519

7.5
7.5
7.3
7.6
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.8

59,316
58,995
59,019
59,084
58,813
58,869
59,209
59,340
58,986
59,071

85,468
85,872
86,359

6,958
7,183
7,064

7.3
7.5
7.3

59,732
59,302
59,104

,

1967
1968
1969
1970
1971

Number

Percent

103,418
104,527
105,611
106,645
107,721

e<

l

Nonagricultural
industries

Annual averages

,
,
,
,

1952
1Q53
1954
1955
1956

Unemployed

Employed

noninstiYear and month

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 2

1976:
March
April
May
June
July
August....
September.
October...
November..
December..

155,325
155,516
155,711
155,925
156,142
156,367
156,595
156,788
157,006
157,176

96,009
96,520
96,693
96,841
97,329
97,498
97,387
97,449
98,020
98,106

61.8
62,
62,
62,
62,
62.4
62.2
62.2
62,4
62,4

93,862
94,376
94,551
94,704
95,189
95,351
95,242
95,302
95,871
95,960

88,441

3,215
3,398
3,332
3,313
3,333
3,372
3,278
3,310
3,248
3,257

157,381
157,584
157,782

97,649
98,282
98,677

62.0
62.4
62.5

95,516
96,145
96,539

88,558
88,962
89,475

3,090
3,090
3,116

86,845
87,329
87,640
87,533
87,783
87,834
87,794
87,738
88,220

1977:
January...
February..
March

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years due to the introduction of population adjustments
in these years. For an explanation, see "Historic Comparability" under Household Data section
of Explanatory Notes.




2

Because seasonal ity, by definition, does not exist in population figures, data for

"total noninstitutional population" are not seasonally adjusted.

19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1967 to date
[Numbers in thousands]

Civilian labor force

Total labor force

Year, month, and sex

Total
noninstitutional
population

Number

64,316
65,345
66,365
67,409
68,512
69,864
71,020
72,253
73,494
74,739

52,398
53,030
53,688
54,343
54,797
55,671
56,479
57,349
57,706
58,397

Employed
Percent
of
population

Total

81.5
81.2
80.9
80.6
80.0
79.7
79.5
79.4
78.5
78.1

48,987
49,533
50,221
51,195
52,021
53,265
54,203
55,186
55,615
56,359

Total

Unemployed

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Nur-itwr

44,315
44,957
45,855
46,099
46,455
47,791
49,130
49,618
48,429
49,675

1,508
1,419
1,403
2,235
2,776
2,635
2,240
2,668
4,385
3,968

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages

MALES
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
19721
19731..
1974
1975
1976

47,479
48,114
48,818
48,960
49,245
50,630
51,963
52,518
51,230
52,391

3,164
3,157
2,963
2,861
2,790
2,839
2,833
2,900
2,801
2,716

3.1
2.9

2.8
4.4
5.3
4.9
4.1
4.8
7.9
7.0

11,919
12,315
12,677
13,066
13,715
14,193
14,541
14,904
15,788
16,341

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 2
1976:
March

April
May
July
August
September
October

74,392
74,480
74,570
74,671
74,774
74,881
74,990
75,095
75,198
75,325

58,023
58,249
58,358
58,293
58,560
58,602
58,641
58,791
58,929
58,987

78.0
78.2
78.3
78.1
78.3
78.7
78.2
78.3
78.4
78.3

55,876
56,209
56,320
56,263
56,527
56,564
56,606
56,754
56,887
56,951

52,078
52,397
52,490
52,332
52,507
52,596
52,546
52,576
52,643
52,799

2,686
2,773
2,778
2,754
2,773
2,768
2,691
2,688
2,625
2,624

49,392
49,624
49,712
49,578
49,734
49,828
49,855
49,888
50,018
50,175

3,798
3,812
3,830
3,931
4,020
3,968
4,060
4,178
4,244
4,152

6.8
6.8
6.8
7.0
7.1
7.0
7.2
7.4
7.5

7.3

16,369
16,231
16,212
16,378
16,214
16,279
16,349
16,304
16,269
16,338

75,422
75,519
75,610

58,654
58,976
59,007

77.8
78.1
78.0

56,632
56,950
56,982

52,918
53,046
53,270

2,548
2,546
2,544

50,370
50,500
50,726

3,714
3,904
3,712

6.6
6.9
6.5

16,768
16,543
16,603

1977:

March

Annual averages

FEMALES

69,003
70,217
71,476
72,774
74,084
75,911
77,242
78,575
79,954
81,309

1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 1
19731
1974
1975
1976

28,395
29,242
30,551
31,560
32,132
33,320
34,561
35,892
37,087
38,520

41.2
41.6
42.7
43.4
43.4
43.9
44.7
45.7
46.4
47.4

28,360
29,204
30,513
31,520
32,091
33,277
34,510
35,825
36,998
38,414

26,893
27,807
29,084
29,667
29,875
31,072
32,446
33,417
33,553
35,095

680
660

643
601
598

633
619
592
579
582

26,212
27,147
28,441
29,066
29,277
30,439
31,827
32,825
32,973
34,513

1,468
1,397
1,429
1,853
2,217
2,205
2,064
2,408
3,445
3,320

5.2
4.8

4.7
5.9
6.9

6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6

40,608
40,976
40,924
41,214
41,952
42,591
42,681
42,683
42,868
42,789

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1976:
March
April

July
August"
Sep t ember • •

•

80,933
81,036
81,141
81,254
81,368
81,486
81,605
81,694
81,808
81,851

38,086
38,271
38,335
38,548
38,769
38,896
38,745
38,657
39,093
39,118

47.1
hi .2
47.2
47.4
47.6
47.7
47.5
47.3
47.8
47.8

37,986
38,167
38,231
38,441
38,662
38,787
38,636
38,548
38,984
39,009

34,767
34,932
35,150
35,201
35,276
35,238
35,248
35,162
35,577
35,642

529
625
554
559
560
604
587
622
623
633

34,238
34,307
34,596
34,642
34,716
34,634
34,661
34,540
34,954
35,009

3,219
3,235
3,081
3,240
3,386
3,549
3,388
3,386
3,407
3,367

81,959
82,065
82,172

38,995
39,306
39,671

47.6
47.9
48.3

38,884
39,195
39,557

35,640
35,916
36,205

542
544
572

35,098
35,372
35,633

3,244
3,279
3,352

8.5 8.5
8.1
8.4
8.8

9.1
8.8
8.8
8.7
8.6

42,847
42,765
42,806
42,706
42,599
42,590
42,860
43,037
42,715
42,733

1977:
January •
March

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years due to the introduction of population adjustments
in these years. For an explanation, see "Historic Comparability" under Household Data section
of Explanatory Notes.

20




8.3
8.4
8.5

45,964
42,759
42,501

2
Because seasonally, by definition, does not exist in population figures, data for
"total noninstitutional population" are not seasonally adjusted.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-3.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race

[Numbers in thousands]

March 1977
Civilian labor force

Total labor force

Not in labor force

Unemployed
Sex,age, and race

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

17,189
4,528
3,691
2,401
1,290

340
21
19
13
6

4,895
4,043
3,365
2,277
1,088

1,891
26
18
1
17

10,063
438
289
110
180

6.4
12.7
5.4
7.9
5.2
4.6
4.5
4.3
4.2

6,135
1,458
2,254
465
272
240
239
380
658

142
8
82
12
8
10
11
16
23

1,530
1,113
412
264
74
29
15
18
12

1,340
41
742
48
75
92
105
164
257

3,122
296
1,019
140
115
108
108
181
366

327
181
145

4.6
4.2
5.3

2,423
865
1,558

53
23
30

6
6

557
293
264

1,807
543
1,264

1,647
948
699

121
87
35

6.9
8.4
4.7

7,363
2,611
4,753

179
47
131

533
194
339

6,652
2,369
4,283

50,494
6,636
4,047
1,668
2,379

47,055
5,595
3,332
1,294
2,038

3,438
1,041
715
374
341

6.8
15.7
17.7
22.4
14.3

14,676
3,616
2,914
1,904
1,010

263
12
12
10
2

3,929
3,247
2,669
1,807
862

1,538
22
15
16

8,946
335
219
89
130

90.1
85.8
94.9
96.1
96.3
91.8

44,863
6,742
31,678
13,121
9,185

42,243
5,979
30,098
12,310
8,976
8,812

2,620
763
1,581
811
396
373

5.8
11.3
5.0
6.2
4.2
4.1

5,109
1,215
1,751
557
372
823

107
6
59
14
19
25

1,260
935
322
268
35
18

1,086
31
593
92
156
345

2,656
242
779
183
162
435

6,444
3,928
2,515
1,584

75.0
84.1
64.2
19.2

6,442
3,927
2,515
1,584

6,166
3,781
2,386
1,480

276
146
130
104

4.3
3.7
5.2
6.6

2,143
742
1,402
6,653

42
21
21
145

5
5

462
234
228
437

1,634
481
1,153
6,071

6,259
936
482
148
334

71.4
50.6
38.3
23.0
54.4

5,902
806
424
144
•280

5,125
534
249
85
164

777
272
175
59
116

13.2
33.7
41.3
41.2
41.3

2,513
913
111
497
280

76
9
7
4
3

966
796
696
470
226

353

4
3
2
1

1,117
103
70
21
49

20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

5,592
1,086
3,899
1,707
1,203
990

84.5
81.7
88.6
90.5
91.8
82.1

5,294
937
3,750
1,605
1,159
986

4,709
721
3,431
1,431
1,074
927

585
216
318
174
85
59

11.1
23.0
8.5
10.8
7.3
6.0

1,026
243
502
180
107
216

36
2
23
6
2
14

269
178
90
69
9
12

254
10
149
31
42
77

466
54
239
73
54
113

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

607
370
237
184

68.4
75.0
60.2
20.6

607
370
237
184

556
335
222
167

51
35
15
17

8.3
9.5
6.5
9.2

280
124
157
710

11
2
9
33

1
1

95
59
36
96

173
62
111
581

Percent
of
population

Total

58,421
8,150
4,804
1,838
2,966

77.3
64.3
56.6
43.4
69.7

56,396
7,443
4,471
1,812
2,659

20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

51,847
8,424
36,374
8,261
7,083
5,656
5,164
5,200
5,011

89.4
85. 2
94, 2
94, 7
96. 3
95. 9
95. 6
93. 2
8.4

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years

7,051
4,298
2,753

74.4
83.2
63.9

65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

1,769
1,035
734

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

52,180
6,130
3,581
1,379
2,203

4,215
1,313
890
433
457

7.5
17.6
19.9
23.9
17.2

50,156 46,952
6,700
7,679
35,428 33,529
7,882
7,256
6,843
6,484
5,460
5,208
5,071 4,842
5,167
4,945
5,004
4,794

3,204
978
1,899
626
359
251
230
222
210

7,049
4,297
2,753

6,723
4,116
2,607

19.4
28.4
13.4

1,769

1,035
734

52,162.
7,214
4,322
1,690
2,632

78.0
66.6
59.7
47.0
72.3

20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

46,256
7,337
32,475
13,637
9,617
9,220

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

Number

Employed

MALES
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

White
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

9,372

Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years




21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]

March 1977
Total labor force

Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Unempl oyed

Sex, age, and race
Number
1

Percent
of
population

Total

48.1
52.8
47.6
38.3
56.7

39,376
6,515
3,943
1,573
2,369

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

4,762
4,106
3,443
2,270
1,173

1,064
18
12
3
9

3,660
290
217
111
106

26,449 23,095 1,312
968
2,245
3,427
337
16,784 15,402
138
3,104
3,406
76
3,059
3,276
55
2,503 2,300
40
2,124
2,306
18
2,302
2,462
10
2,513
2,830

454
25
210
21
19
21
37
31
81

1,589
188
834
144
121
128
105
110
226

Total

Keeping
house

42,683
5,864
4,360
2,539
1,821

33,197
1,451

FEMALES

39,489
6,563
3,961
1,574
2,387

16 years and over..
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over .

36,035
5,403
3,184
1,219
1,965

3,341
1,111
758
354
404

8.5
17.1
19.2
22.5
17.1

34,434
6,439
23,633
5,483
4,282
3,713
3,398
3,437
3,320

56.6
65.3
58.5
61.7
56.7
59.7
59.6
58.3
54.0

34,339
6,377
23,601
5,460
4,276
3,711
3,397
3,436
3,320

31,804
5,629
22,019
4,979
3,986
3,506
3,190
3,231
3,127

2,535

7.4

747

11.7

1,582
481
290
205
207
205
193

6.7
8.8
6.8
5.5
6.1
6.0
5.8

4,361
2,701
1,660
1,094

41.1
47.6
33.7

4,361
2,701
1,660
1,094

4,156
2,579
1,577
1,046

691

691

659

4.7
4.5
5.0
4.4
4.7

403

15.0
4.8

205
122
83
48
33

403

387

16

34,391
5,909
3,610
1,458
2,152

47.8
56.2
51.3
42.1
60.3

34,298
5,868
3,595
1,458
2,137

31,630
4,985
2,968
1,157
1,812

2,668

29,803
5,627
20,229
8,248
6,074
5,907

56.1
67.0
57.6
58.2
59.0
55.5

29,727
5,577
20,202
8,225
6,071
5,906

27,730
5,021
18,943
7,657
5,736
5,549

3,947
2,437
1,510
977

41.3
47.7
33.9
8.3

3,947
2,437
1,510
977

5,099

49.6

655
351
116
235

34.3
27.2
17.9
36.8

4,631
812
3,404
1,517
1,037
850
414
264
150
117

687
155
532

5,448
2,643
2,806
9,414
3,324
6,090

7
1
6
7
2

218
92
127

3.9

6,240
2,975
3,264
11,874
3,913
7,961

5

500

566
240
326
1,854
489
1,365

7.8
15.1
17.4
20.7
15.2

37,503
4,612
3,423
22,006
1,417

29,688
1,129

3,751
3,232
2,696
1,780

851

3,213

916

17
12
3
9

234
174
93
81

1,995

6.7

770

1,260

6.2
6.9
5.5
6.0

273

23
151

1,349
147
700

568
335
357

20,536
1,831
13,770
5,538
3,910
4,323

342

10.0

23,276
2,772
14,896
5,935
4,229
4,732

1,049

556

164
82
28

28
41
82

204
195
300

3,767
2,332
1,435
931

180
105
75

4.6
4.3
5.0

167
66
101

502
202
300

4.8

4,935
2,402
2,534
8,610

4
.._
6

47

5,609
2,668
2,940
10,804

6

498

1,690

5,077

4,405

1,011
873
747
489
257

213
1
1
—

447

1,252
937
533
404

322
146
25

153

13.2
35.3
37.9
45.7
34.1

3,509

418
216
63

673
228
132
53
79

5,180

647
348
116
232

59.3
55.4
64.3
67.0
64.1
60.3

4,613
800
3,398
1,511
1,037
850

4,074
608
3,076
1,308
960
809

539
192
322
204
77
41

11.7
23.9

3,174
655
1,888
747
581
560

2,558
414
1,631
625
514
492

264
198
63
50
13

112
2
59
12
16
30

240
41
135
61
38
37

39.6
46.2
31.7
9.9

414
264
150
117

389
247
142
115

25
17
8
2

6.1

631
307
324
1,069

513
241
272
805

2

51
26
26
100

64
38
26
164

8.4

598
98

White
16 years and over. .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 64 years .
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

. . .

. .

. . .

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

883
626
301
325

541
130
411

Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years .
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

22




.

...

. . .

9.5

13.5
7.4

4.9
6.4

5.6
1.5

121

2
--

56
44
18
26

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-4. Labor force by sex, age, and race
Civilian labor force

Total labor force
Sex, age, and race

Thousands of persons

Participation rates

Thousands of persons

Participation rates

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

77.3
56.6
43.4
69.7

55,298
4,353
1,734
2,619

56,396
4,471
1,812
2,659

76.4
53.6
41.3
66.9

76.6
54.8
43.0
67.3

83.9
94.1
95.1
95.6
91.3

85.2
94.2
95.4
95.8
90.8

7,377
34,819
14,178
10,330
10,311

7,679
35,428
14,726
10,531
10,171

82.6
93.9
94.9
95.4
91.3

84.0
94.0
95.2
95.6
90.7

7,051
4,298
2,753
1,769

74.4
83.6
63.6
20.4

74.4
83.2
63.9
19.4

6,935
4,210
2,725
1,815

7,049
4,297
2,753
1,769

74.4
83.6
63.6
20.4

74.4
83.2
63.9
19.4

51,335
•4,208
1,609
2,599

52,162
4,322
1,690
2,632

78.0
58.3
44.8
71.6

78.0
59.7
47.0
72.3

49,627
3,908
1,583
2,325

50,494
4,047
1,668
2,379

77.4
56.5
44.4
69.2

77.5
58.1
46,7
70.2

7,120
31,989
13,159
9,461
9,369

7,337
32,475
13,637
9,617
9,220

84.7
94.9
95.8
96.2
92.4

85.8
94.9
96.1
96.3
91.8

6,508
31,195
12,648
9,211
9,336

6,742
31,678
13,121
9,372
9,185

83.5
94.8
95.6
96.1
92.4

84.7
94.8
95.9
96.2
91.8

6,369
3,867
2,502
1,649

6,444
3,928
2,515
1,584

75.4
84.8
64.4
20.5

75.0
84.
64,
19.2

6,368
3,866
2,502
1,649

6,442
3,927
2,515
1,584

75.4
84.8
64.4
20.5

75.0
84.1
64.2
19.2

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

6,010
502
154
348

6,259
482
148
334

70.3
40.2
24.0
57.2

71.4
38.3
23.0
54.4

5,671
445
151
294

5,902
424
144
280

69.0
37.3
23.6
53.0

70.1
35.3
22.5
50.0

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

1,014
3,761
1,621
1,162
979

1,086
3,899
1,707
1,203
990

78.5
87.9
89.9
90.7
82.0

81.7
88.6
90.5
91.8
82.1

869
3,624
1,530
1,119
975

937
3,750
1,605
1,159
986

81,9

79.4
88.2
89.9
91.6
82.1

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

567
344
223
166

607
370
237
184

65.0
72.6
55.9
19.2

68.4
75.0
60.2
20.6

567
344
223
166

607
370
237

65.0
72.6
55.9
19.2

68.4
75.0
60.2
20.6

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

57,345
4,710
1,764
2,947

58,421
4,804
1,838
2,966

77.1
55.6
41.7
69.5

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

8,134
35,750
14,779
10,623
10,347

8,424
36,374
15,343
10,820
10,210

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,936
4,211
2,725
1,815

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar,
1977

MALES

White
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

. . .

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Black and other




. 184

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-4. Labor force by sex, age, and race—Continued
Civilian labor force

Total labor force
Sex, age, and race

Thousands of persons

Participation rates

Thousands of persons

Participation rates

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

37,914
3,838
1,497
2,341

39,489
3,961
1,574
2,387

46.8
46.3
36.4
55.9

48.1
47.6
38.3
56.7

37,814
3,818
1,497
2,321

39,376
3,943
1,573
2,369

46.8
46.2
36.4
55.7

48.0
47.5
38.3
56.5

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

6,154
22,465
9,037
6,809
6,618

6,439
23,633
9,765
7,112
6,757

63.7
56.5
56.8
58.1
54.4

65.3
58.5
59.4
59.7
56.1

6,100
22,440
9,017
6,806
6,617

6,377
23,601
9,737
7,108
6,756

63.5
56.4
56.8
58.1
54.4

65.0
58.4
59.3
59.6
56.1

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

4,376
2,665
1,711
1,080

4,361
2,701
1,660
1,094

41.9
48.1
34.9

41.1
47.6
33.7

41.1
47.6
33.7

8.4

4,361
2,701
1,660
1,094

41.9
48.1
34.9

8.5

4,376
2,665
1,711
1,080

8.5

8.4

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

32,882
3,436
1,359
2,077

34,391
3,610
1,458
2,152

46.4
48.9
39.2
58.4

47.8
51.3
42.1
60.3

32,798
3,418
1,358
2,060

34,298
3,595
1,458
2,137

46.3
48.8
39.2
58.2

47.8
51.2
42.1
60.1

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

5,363
19,221
7,586
5,833
5,802

5,627
20,229
8,248
6,074
5,907

65.0
55.5
55.2
57.5
53.9

67.0
57.6
58.2
59.0
55.5

5,319
19,200
7,569
5,830
5,801

5,577
20,202
8,225
6,071
5,906

64.9
55.5
55.2
57.5
43.9

66.8
57.6
58.1
58.9
55.5

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,923
2,380
1,543

3,947
2,437
1,510

41.6
47.6
34.9

41.3
47.7
33.9

3,923
2,380
1,543

3,947
2,437
1,510

41.6
47.6
34.9

41.3
47.7
33.9

938

977

8.1

8.3

938

977

8.1

8.3

5,033

5,099

49.6
27.2
17.9
36.8

5,077

351
116
235

50.4
31.7
21.5
42.0

5,016

402
138
264

399
138
261

348
116
232

50.3
31.5
21.5
41.8

49.5
27.1
17.9
36.5

55.7

55.4
64.3
67.0
64.1
60.3

850

55.4
63.2
67.0
61.9
58.6

55.0
64.3
66.9
64.1
60.3

414
264
150
117

44.2
51.8
35.5
12.4

39.6
46.2
31.7

FEMALES

White

Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

791

812

3,244
1,451

3,404
1,517
1,037

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

453
285
168
142

24




976
816

850

63.2
67.1
61.9
58.6

414
264
150
117

44.2
51.8
35.5
12.4

39.6
46.2
31.7
9.9

781

800

3,240
1,448

3,398
1,511
1,037

976
816
453
285
168
142

9.9

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-5. Employment status of black workers by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]

March 1977
Civilian labor force
Unemployed

Employed

Sex and age

Total

Nonagricultural
industries

Not in
labor
force

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Agriculture

190
15
4
11

7,967

1,112
5,429
2,278
1,695
1,455

370
593
349

24,6

764

9,7

1,981

13,1

146
98

7,8
6,2

717
596
668

820
515
305
241

68
46
22
16

7.4

4,196

707
158
56
103

Number

Tofal

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

9,482

8,157

658
217
441

379
115
265

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

1,504
6,119
2,656
1,878
1,585

1,134
5,526
2,307
1,732
1,487

23
97
29

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

921
579
343
280

853
533
321
264

33

5,069

4,361

365
121
244

207
66
141

165
15
3
11

37
32

18
16
22

365
111
253

1,325
278
102
177

14,0
42,3
47,0
40,0

6,703
1,563
/

935
627

816
387
430

7,9
6,4
5,7

1,579

14.0

2,200

Males

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

807

617

3,194
1,356

2,895
1,191

991
847

192
62
130

708
450
258

23.6

198

9,4

884
758

424
134
97

33
17
16
20

460
286
174
129

46
32
13
14

8,5
9,6
6,6
8,7

255
110
145
615

25

3,770

617
120
46

--

14,0
41,1
48,7
37,4

4,502

172
49
124

25,8
10.0
14.2

566
1,558

2,813
1,171

918
786

539
335
203
164

493
303
190
149

16 years and over
16 to 19 years . . .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

4,413

3,796

292
95
197

172
49
124

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

697
2,926
1,301

2,631
1,116

886
738

814
701

382
243
139
116

360

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

45,7
42,2

190
299
165
74
60

602

16
81
20
34
28

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

43,4

12,2
7,4
7,1

193

Females

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years . . . . . . .
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

517

230
131
114

7
16

74

510

180

2,616
1,108
811
697

293
184
72
37

1
1

360
229
131

2

112

22
14
8
2

9
3
4

854
485
369

8.2
5.0

583
499
475

5.8
5.6
6.1
1.5

561
276
285
963

NOTE: According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the
"black and other" population group.




25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-6. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and race

Mar.
1976

Males, 2 0 years and over

Mar.
1977

Females, 2 0 years and over

Both sexes, 16 19 years

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population . . . .
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries . . .
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force

155,325
95,260
61.3
93,112
85,588
2,897
82,691
7,525
8.1
60,065

157,782

65,920

72,640
34,076
46.9
33,997
31,514
372
31,142
2,482
7.3
38,564

16,765

16,816

52,635
79.8
50,945
47,525
2,202
45,322
3,421
6.7
13,285

67,114
53,616
79.9
51,925
48,599
2,106
46,494
3,325
6.4
13,498

73,852

97,910
62.1
95,771
88,215
2,804
85,411
7,556
7.9
59,872

35,528
48.1
35,433
32,850
402
32,448
2,583
7.3
38,323

8,549
51.0
8,170
6,549
323
6,226
1,621
19.8
8,216

8,765
52.1
8,414
6,766
297
6,469
1,648
19.6
8,050

136,778
84,217
61.6
82,426
76,300
2,660
73,639
6,126
7.4
52,561

138,732
86,552
62.4
84,792
78,685
2,576
76,109
6,107
7.2
52,180

58,614
47,127
80.4
45,719
42,922
2,005
40,917
2,797
6.1
11,487

59,602
47,840
80.3
46,447
43,723
1,923
41,800
2,724
5.9
11,762

63,919
29,446
46.1
29,380
27,373
356
27,016
2,007
6.8
34,474

64,861
30,780
47.5
30,704
28,661
370
28,291
2,042
6.7
34,080

14,245
7,644
53.7
7,326
6,005
299
5,706
1,321
18.0
6,601

14,269
7,932
55.6
7,641
6,301
282
6,019
1,341
17.5
6,337

18,547
11,043
59.5
10,687
9,288
237
9,051
1,399
13.1
7,504

19,050
11,357
58.5
10,979
9,530
228
9,302
1,449
13.2
7,692

7,306
5,508
75.4
5,226
4,603
197
4,405
623
11.9
1,798

7,512
5,776
76.9
5,478
4,876
182
4,694
602
11.0
1,736

8,721
4,630
53.1
4,616
4,141
15
4,126
475
10.3
4,091

8,991
4,748
52.8
4,730
4,189
31
4,158
541
11.4
4,243

2,520
905
35.9
844
544
24
520
300
35.5
1,616

2,547
833
32.7
772
465
15
451
307
39.8
1,713

White
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries . . .
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
Black and other

Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries . . .
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force

A-7. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age by race and sex
[Numbers in thousands]

March 1977
White

Total

Employment status

Both
sexes
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Not in labor force

Males

Females

Both
sexes

Males

Black and other
Females

Both
sexes

Males

25,106
14,714

12,679

12,428
6,563

21,350
13,123

10,830
7,214

10,520
5,909

3,756
1,591

1,849

8,150

936

1,907
655

58.6

64.3

52.8

61.5

66.6

56.2

42.4

50.6

34.3

13,957
11,533
413
11,120
2,424
17.4
1,437
987
10,392

7,443
6,130
353
5,777
1,313
17.6
801
512
4,528

6,515
5,403
60
5,343
1,111
17.1
637
475
5,864

12,505
10,580
384
10,196
1,925
15.4
1,093
832
8,227

6,636
5,595
327
5,268
1,041
15.7
605
436
3,616

5,868
4,985
57
4,928
883
15.1
488
396
4,612

1,453
953
29
923
500
34.4
344
155
2,165

806
534
26
508
272
33.7
195
76
913

647
418
3
415
228
35.3
149
79
1,252

4,303
3,333
156
3,177
969
22.5
139
830
8,149

2,270
1,724
125
1,599
546
24.1
77
468
4,043

2,033
1,609
31
1,578
423
20.8
62
362
4,106

3,896
3,102
150
2,951
795
20.4
100
695
6,479

2,048
1,593
119
1,473
456
22.2
60
395
3,247

1,848
1,509
31
1,478
339
18.3
40
299
3,232

406
232
6
226
175
43.0
39
135
1,670

222
131
6
125
90
40.8
18
73
796

185
100
100
84
45.7
22
63
873

9,655
8,200
257
7,943
1,455
15.1
1,298
157
2,244

5,173
4,406
228
4,178
767
14.8
723
44
485

4,482
3,794
29
3,765
688
15.3
575
113
1,758

8,609
7,479
233
7,245
1,130
13.1
993
137
1,749

4,588
4,003
207
3,795
586
12.8
545
41
369

4,020
3,476
26
3,450
544
13.5
448
96
1,380

1,046
721
23
698
325
31.1
305
20
495

584
403
20
383
181
31.0
178
3
116

462
318
3
315
144
31.1
127
17
379

MAJOR ACTIVITY: GOING TO SCHOOL
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Not in labor force

,

,
,

MAJOR ACTIVITY; OTHER
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Not in labor force

26




HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-8. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race
[Numbers rn thousands]

March 1977
Part-time labor force

Full-time labor force
Employed
Race, sex, and age
Fulltime
schedules'

Part
time for
economic
reasons

Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)
Number

Percent of
full-time
labor force

Total

Employed
on voluntary
part time*

Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)
Percent of
part-time
labor force

TOTAL
Both sexes, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

80,453
8,129
3,759
570
3,190
76,694
11,861
64,833
53,425
11,409

71,083
5,991
2,538
333
2,205
68,545
9,692
58,853
48,453
10,401

3,446
700
443
77
366
3,003
659
2,344
1,872
471

5,924
1,437
778
159
619
5,146
1,509
3,637
3,100
537

7.4
17.7
20.7
27.9
19.4
6.7
12.7
5.6
5.8
4.7

15,318
5,828
4,654
2,816
1,839
10,664
2,194
8,470
5,604
2,866

13,686
4,841
3,785
2,187
1,597
9,901
1,977
7,924
5,223
2,701

1,632
987
870
628
241
763
217
546
381
165

10.7
16.9
18.7
22.
13.
7.2
9.9
6.4
6.8
5.8

Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

51,265
4,538
2,110
49,154
6,742
42,412
34,737
7,676

46,089
3,383
1,452
44,637
5,498
39,139
32,082
7,057

1,649
354
237
1,412
338
1,074
822
252

3,526
801
421
3,106
906
2,200
1,833
366

6.9
17.6
19.9
6.3
13.4
5.2
5.3
4.8

5,131
2,905
2,361
2,770
936
1,834
691
1,143

4,442
2,392
1,891
2,550
864
1,686
626
1,061

689
512
469
220
73
147
66
81

13.4
17.6
19.9
7.9
7.8
8.0
9.6
7.1

Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

29,188
3,591
1,649
27,539
5,119
22,420
18,688
3,733

24,994
2,608
1,086
23,908
4,194
19,714
16,370
3,343

1,797
347
205
1,591
321
1,270
1,051
219

2,398
637
358
2,040
603
1,437
1,266
170

8.2
17.7
21.7
7.4
11.8
6.4
6.8
4.6

10,187
2,924
2,294
7,894
1,258
6,636
4,913
1,723

9,244
2,449
1,893
7,351
1,114
6,237
4,598
1,640

943
475
401
543
144
399
316
83

9.3
16.2
17.5
6.9
11.5
6.0
6.4
4.8

Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

45,879
3,990
1,893
43,986
5,893
38,093
31,087
7,005

41,635
3,074
1,362
40,273
4,909
35,364
28,890
6,474

1,398
311
212
1,186
292
894
668
225

2,846
605
320
2,527
693
1,834
1,528
306

6.2
15.2
16.9
5.7
11.8
4.8
4.9
4.4

4,614
2,646
2,153
2,461
849
1,612
591
1,022

4,022
2,211
1,758
2,264
778
1,486
538
947

592
436
395
197
70
127
53
74

12.8
16.5
18.4
8.0
8.3
7.9
9.0
7.2

Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

24,986
3,192
1,489
23,497
4,434
19,063
15,675
3,387

21,674
2,400
1,011
20,663
3,733
16,930
13,868
3,061

1,450
305
181
1,269
274
995
826
169

1,862
488
297
1,565
428
1,137
981
157

7.5
15.3
20.0
6.7
9.6
6.0
6.3
4.6

9,312
2,676
2,106
7,207
1,143
6,064
4,528
1,537

8,506
2,280
1,777
6,729
1,015
5,714
4,248
1,467

806
396
329
477
128
349
279
70

8.7
14.8
15.6
6.6
11.2
5.8
6.2
4.6

Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,385
548
217
5,169
849
4,320
3,650
671

4,455
310
90
4,364
589
3,775
3,192
583

251
43
25
225
46
179
152
27

680
195
101
579
213
366
305
61

12.6
35.7
46.6
11.2
25.1
8.5
8.4
9.1

516
258
207
309
88
221
100
121

420
182
133
286
85
201
87
114

97
76
74
23
3
20
12
7

18.7
29.5
35.7
7.3
3.0
9.0
12.0
5.8

Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,203
399
160
4,042
685
3,357
3,013
345

3,320
208
75
3,245
462
2,783
2,501
282

347
42
25
322
47
275
225
50

535
149
61
475
176
299
285
14

12.7
37.3
37.8
11.7
25.7
8.9
9.5
4.1

875
248
188
687
115
572
386
186

738
168
116
621
99
522
349
173

137
79
71
66
16
50
37
13

15.7
32.0
38.1
9.6
13.7
8.7
9.6
7.0

White

Black and other

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the
full- and part-time employed categories.




27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-9.

Unemployed persons by sex and age

Age

Unofiiployinonx

Thousands of
persons

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Unemployment
rates

Thousands of
persons

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

4,317

4,215

7,8

7.5

3,208

3,341

8.5

8,5

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

896
393
503
3,421
1,004
2,417
955
463
499
378
203
174
122

890
433
457
3,325
978
2,347
985
481
432
327
181
145
121

20,6
22,6
19,2
6,7
13,6
5,5
6,7
4.5
4.8
5,4
4.8
6.4
6,7

19.9
23.9
17.2
6,4
12,7
5.3
6.7
4.6
4.3
4.6
4.2
5.3
6,9

726
290
436
2,482
730
1,753
717
416
343
216
133
82
60

758
354
404
2,583
747
1,835
771
412
398
205
122
83
48

19,0
19.4
18.8
7.3
12,0
6.3
8.0
6.1
5.2
4,9
5,0
4,8
5,6

19,2
22,5
17,1
7,3
11,7
6,3
7,9
5.8
5,9
4,7
4,5
5,0
4,4

Household heads, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

2,516
442
1,598
477

2,336
361
1,545
429

5.6
10,7
4.9
5,6

5.1
8,6
4.7
5.0

643
136
387
120

663
134
395
133

7.5
11,8
7.4
5.4

7,4
11,6
7,1
5.9

Total, 16 years and over

A-10. Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race
Males
Marital status, sex, age, and race

Thousands of
persons

Females
Unemployment

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

3,208

3,341

8,5

8,5

4,7
10.3
15,4

1,499
636
1,073

1,555
651
1,135

7,0
8,9
11,8

6,9
8,8
11,9

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Total, 16 years and over

4,317

4,215

7,8

7.5

Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,033
446
1,837

1,857
424
1,934

5,1
11,8
15,6

White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black and other, 16 years and over . . .
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Total, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
White, 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black and other, 20 t o 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

28




Unemployment

Thousands of

3,549

3,438

7,2

6,8

2,576

2,668

7.9

7,8

1,746
322
1,482

1,634
307
1,498

4,8
10,6
14.4

4.5
9,2
13.7

1,308
461
808

1,360
465
844

6.8
8,1
10.3

6,7
7,8
10.3

767

111

13.5

13.2

632

673

12.6

13.2

288
124
355

223
117
437

8.3
17.0
24.4

6.4
15.1
26.5

191
175
266

195
186
292

8.4
12.2
20.2

8.3
12.9
22,5

3,299

3,204

6.7

6.4

2,422

2,535

7.4

7.4

1,897
422
979

1,742
396
1,066

5.0
11.9
12.8

4.6
10.2
12.9

1,419
570
433

1,438
598
498

6.8
8.9
7.6

6,6
9.0
8.3

2,695

2,620

6.1

5.8

1,955

1,995

6.9

6.7

1,621
306
767

1,529
290
801

4.7
10.7
11.6

4.4
9.2
11.4

1,235
408
314

1,250
422
322

6.6
8,0
6,7

6.4
7.9
6.5

603

585

11.9

11.1

467

539

10.4

11.7

275
116
213

213
106
266

8.2
17.1
20.8

6.4
14.8
21.6

185
163
119

187
174
176

8.5
12.2
12.4

8.2
12.9
17.9

HOUSEHOLDDATA
A-11. Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex
Unemployment rates
Thousands of persons
Occupation

Females

Mar.
1976
Total
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Carpenters and other construction craft
All other
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Construction laborers
All other
Service workers
Private household
All other
Farm workers
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1

7,525
2,034
425
270
304
1,035
3,445
1,010
585
425
1,367
340
728
262
466
1,159
67
1,092
147
740
568
117
55

Mar.
1977
7,556
2,144
387
323
345
1,088
3,258
940
541
399
1,271
328
719
215
504
1,101
58
1,043
170
884
678
141
65

Mar.
1976

8.1
4.5
3.1
2.8
5.4
6.3
11.0
8.5
16.1
5.1
12.2
9.7
15.5
30.8
12.1
8.9
5.6
9.3
5.6

Mar.
1977

7.9
4.6
2.7
3.3
5.9
6.4
10.1
7.6
14.3
4
11
8.8

15.5
25.5
13.3
8.2
4.9
8.5
6.6

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

7.5
3.2
2.3
2.7
4.2
5.8
9.7
7.7
14.2
4.6
9.7
9 0
16.0
25.5
13.7
7.7
(1)
7.7
5.6

7.8
3.1
2.6
2.5
3.5
5.2
10.6
8.6
16.1
5.1
11.0
10.1
15.8
30.7
14.9
9.1
CD

9.2
5.0

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

8.5
5.8
3.7
4.2
7.9
6.5
12.9
6.3
(1)
5.8
14.0
3.9
12.9
(1)
12.5
8.8
5.7
9.3
9.4

8.5
5.8
3.3
5.5
8.0
6.6
11.9
6.3
(1)
5.7
13.1
5.6
10.6
(1)
10.1
8.6
4.7
9.2
12.1

Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-12. Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex
Unemployment rates
Percent distribution
Industry

Total
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical equipment . . .
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
Transportation and public utilities
Railroads and railway express
Other transportation
Communication and other public utilities . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
All other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
All other classes of workers
No previous work experience
1

Males

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

100.0
77.6
.7
12.0
24.2
15.3
1.2

100.0
76.4
.6
11.1
22.3
12.7
1.1
.7
.9
1.3
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.9
.8
1.2
.4
1.0
9.6
2.5
1.4
2.1
.7
.9
.7
.7
.7
3.7
.4
2.5
.8
21 1
3.0
14.5
6.2
8.3
2.9
9.0
11.7

1.2
2.4
2.7
2.1
2.4
.9
1.4
.7
1.1
8.9
2.3
.9
1.8
.7
.9
1.0
.8
.5
3.3
.3
2.2
.8
20.9
2.3
14.2
5.7
8.5
2.5
10.0
9.8

Mar.
1976

8.1
8.7
7.2
21.3
8.7
9.1
13.3
11.2
8.2
6.9
11.6
8.4
7.7
8.8
6.9
10.7
8.4
12.1
7.9
9.8
7.6
9.5
7.8
5.7
6.1
9.2
6.1
5.1
3.5
7.3
3.1
9.3
3.9
7.1
4.9
10.1
14.0
3.1

Mar.
1977

7.9
8.3
5.8
19.1
7.8
7.5
12.0
10.0
10.3
7.1
8.7
5.2
6.8
6.8
5.0
8.7
4.7
11.2
8.2
10.1
10.8
10.9
7.3
5.2
4.5
7.1
8.4
5.7
4.9
8.0
3.2
9.0
4.8
7.1
5.3
9.6
16.4
2.8

Mar.
1976

7.8
8.5
7.3
22.1
7.4
8.1
12.3
10.5
9.0
7.0
11.2
7.4
4.7
8.0
6.3
9.7
3.1
10.9
6.1
7.8
6.2
8.7
7.4
4.3
4.6
5.7
3.8
5.1
3.4
7.8
1.9
7.6
3.0
7.7
4.9
10.4
13.4
2.9

Females

Mar.
1977

7.5
8.0
4.8
19.8
6.4
6.4
12.2
8.4
10.5
6.7
7.9
4.4
3.9
5.8
5.3
6.3
3.4
7.4
6.3
7.5
9.4
8.8
4.0
5.1
4.1
7.3
7.0
6.0
4.8
8.7
2.6
7.8
3.8
7.2
4.2
9.8
15.1
2.6

Mar.
1976

8.5
8.9
CD
8.5

11.5
12.6
20.3
13.2
4.7
5.8
13.4
12.8
11.9
13.6
10.6
16.8
15.6
13.3
10.5
15.3
9.0
9.7
9.5
7.8
10.3
16.1
9.1
5.2
(1)
5.1
5.2
11.4
4.7
6.8
5.0
9.8
17.4
3.5

Mar.
1977

8.5
8.8
(1)
7.7
10.9
10.9
(1)
14.2
9.3
10.4
11.7
8.1
11.2
12.0
3.6
20.1
6.2
15.8
11.0
16.5
12.2
11.5
18.5
5.4
5.6
6.7
11.3
4.6
CD
5.0
4.3

10.5
5.5
7.1
4.4
9.4
22.4
3.2

Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.




29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-13. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed

Males, 20 years

Females, 2 0 years

and over

Both sexes,

White

16 to 19 years

Black and other

Reason for unemployment

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL
Total unemployed, in thousands
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Total unemployed, percent
distribution

7,525
4,252
1,294
2,957
762
1,773
738

7,556
3,850
1,174
2,676
904
1,918
883

3,421
2,578
852
1,726
271
507
65

3,325
2,385
737
1,648
301
552
87

2,482
1,229
332
897
363
785
104

2,583
1,105
325
780
455
904
118

1,622
445
110
335
128
481
568

1,648
360
112
248
148
462
678

6,126
3,509
1,109
2,400
632
1,393
592

6,107
3,143
1,010
2,133
771
1,521
672

1,399
743
186
557
130
380
145

1,449
707
164
543
133
398
211

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

56.5
17.2
39.3
10.1
23.6
9.8

50.9
15.5
35.4
12.0
25.4
11.7

75.3
24.9
50.4
7.9
14.8
1.9

71.8
22.2
49.6
9.0
16.6
2.6

49.5
13.4
36.1
14.6
31.6
4,2

42.8
12.6
30.2
17.6
35.0
4.6

27.4
6.8
20.6
7.9
29.7
35.0

21.8
6.8
15.0
9.0
28.1
41.1

57.
18.
39,
10.
22.
9.7

51.4
16.5
34.9
12.6
24.9
11.0

53.1
13.3
39.8
9.3
27.2
10.4

48,7
11.3
37.4
9.2
27.4
14.6

8,1
4,6
,8
1.9
,8

7.9
4,0
.9
2.0
.9

6.7
5.1
,5
1,0
.1

6.4
4,6
.6
1.1
.2

7.3
3.6
1.1
2.3
.3

7.3
3.1
1.3
2.6
.3

19.8
5.4
1.6
5.9
7.0

19.6
4.2
1.8
5.5
8.1

7.4
4.3
.8
1,7
.7

7.2
3.7
.9
1.8

13.1
6.9
1.2
3.6
1.4

13.2
6.4
1.2
3.6
1.9

Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Total unemployment rate
Job loser rate1
Job leaver rate1
Reentrant rate1
New entrant rate1
1

Unemployment rates are calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force.

A-14.

Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age

[Percent distribution]
March 1977

Thousands
of persons
Total, 16 years and over

..

Job losers .
On layoff
Other j o b losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Males, 20 years and over

..

Job losers
On layoff
Other j o b losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Females, 2 0 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 t o 19 years .
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

30




Duration of unemployment

Total unemployed

Reason, sex, and age

Percent

Less than

5 to 14

5 weeks

15 weeks

15 to 26

27 weeks

and over

weeks

and over

7,556

100.0

35.3

32,3

32.4

15.6

16.8

3,850
1,174
2,676
904
1,918
883

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

27.3
37.2
22.9
39.7
45.4
43.7

32.6
35.5
31.3
32.5
31.9
32.2

40.2
27.3
45.9
27.8
22.8
24.0

20.6
19.3
21.1
14.0
9.4
9.0

19.6
7.9
24.8
13.7
13.4
15.1

3,325

100.0

27.3

32.2

40.5

20.0

20.5

2,385
737
1,648
301
552
87

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

24.7
31.0
21.8
42.7
32.1
16.1

32.
37.
30.
24.0
34.1
42.5

42.9
31.3
48.1
33.3
33.9
41.4

22.3
23.3
21.8
16.0
13.6
11.5

20.6
8.0
26.2
17.3
20.3
29.9

2,583

100.0

37.8

33.0

29.2

14.1

15.2

1,105
325
780
455
904
118

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

27.8
45.2
20.4
33.3
51.8
41.5

32.6
29.8
33.8
39.3
29.6
37.3

39.6
24.9
45.8
27.4
18.6
21.2

18.7
16.0
20.0
14.9
8.7
7.6

20.9
8.9
25.8
12.5
9.8
13.6

1,648

100.0

47.4

31.5

21.0

9.1

11.9

360
112
248
148
462
678

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

42.8
54.5
38.1
54.1
48.6
47.6

33.1
37.5
30.4
28.4
33.5
30.1

24.2
8.0
31.6
17.6
17.9
22.3

14.7
3.6
19.8
7.4
5.8
9.0

9.4
4.5
11.7
10.1
12.1
13.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-15. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race
March 1977
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race

Average
number of
methods

Public

Private

Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

employ-

25 to 34 years

7,556
1,648
1,726
1,757

6,268
1,522
1,440
1,431

28.1
16.7
31.3
34.1
35.2
29.1
27.8
17.0

6.4
3.8
5.8
8.7
5.2
9.1
6.5
9.2

72.2
81.7
74.5
67.9
66.1
64.0
67.4
69.5

30.4
22.3
34.4
33.3
30.8
31.6
36.6
22.7

13.8
13.3
14.9
14.4
13.2
11.0
16.0
13.5

7.4
4.3
4.5
.7.0
13.3
12.8
12.0
7.1

30.4
16.9
35.5
38.8
38.6
28.2
29.6
16.8

6,6
3.5
5.8
9.8
7.6
10.4
2.9
7.9

72.4
84.1
75.4
67.3
63.7
56.2
71.6
75.2

27.9
19.5
31.9
31.1
32.1
25.0
36.2
15.8

17.2
18.1
18.2
16.7
15.5
15.9
17.3
14.9

9.9
3.3
5.4
9.8
20.6
9.9

1.64
1.45
1.72
1.74
1.78
1.59
1.72
1.41

1.50
1.56
1.57
(1)

Total, 16 years and over. .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Placed

employ-

Employer

ment

ment

directly

agency

agency

answered
ads

Friends
or

used

relatives

1.58
,42
,65
,65

1.64
1.58
1.66
1.39

35 to 44 years

893

45 to 54 years

831 .

55 to 64 years

532
170

697
639
399
141

4,215

3,354

890
978
985
481
432
327
121

822
764
762
355
308
243
101

3,341

2,915

758
747
771
412
398
205
48

700
676
669
342
331
157
40

25.4
16.4
26.5
28.7
31.6
29.9
24.2
(1)

6.0
4.1
6.1
7.3
2.9
7.6
12.1
(1)

71.9
78.9
73.5
68.5
69,"o
71.3
60.5
(1)

33.2
25.6
37.0
35.7
29.5
37.5
36.9
(1)

10.0
7.7
11.1
11.8
10.8
6.3
14.0
(1)

4.6
5.6
3.6
3.9
5.8
3.3
8.9
(1)

6,107
3,438
2,668

4,988
2,675
2,313

27.1
29.3
24.6

6.3
6.7
5.9

72.8
72.4
73.3

31.7
29.6
34.1

14.0
17.1
10.4

7.3
10.3
3.9

1.59
1.65
1.52

1,449

1,280

111
673

679
601

31.6
34.6
28.3

6.6
6.5
6.7

69.8
72.5
66.9

25.2
21.4
29.6

13.2
17.5
8.3

7.7
8.1
7.3

1.54
1.61
1.47

65 years and over
Males, 16 years and over.. .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Females, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White
Males
Females
Black and other
Males
Females

23.1
14.0

1.56

waiting to begin a new wage and salary job within 30 days are not actually seeking jobs. It

Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.

should also be noted that the percent using each method will always total more than 100
because many jobseekers use more than one method.

NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed because persons on layoff or

A-16. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment
March 197"
Thousands of persons
Sex and reason
Total
unemployed

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Males, 16 years and over
Job losers . .
Job leavers
Reentrants .
New entrants
Females, 16 years and over

....

Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

Total
jobseekers

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employment
agency

Private
employ-

Employer

Placed

ment

directly

or answered

agency

Other

ads

Friends
or
relatives

Average
number of
methods
used

7,556
3,850
904
1,918
883

6,268
2,664
897
1,833
875

28.1
36.6
28.8
21.6
14.9

6.4
6.9
10.0
4.9
3.8

72.2
68.8
71.2
72.6
82.4

30.4
34.2
36.2
26.5
20.8

13.8
16.0
14.4
12.4
9.7

7.4
10.9
3.6
6.0
3.8

1.58
1.73
1.64
1.44
1.35

4,215
2,585
380
834
416

3,354
1,778
"376
786
413

30.4
36.7
26". 6
24.6
17.4

6.6
7.3
10.4

27.9
32.2
31.1
22.3
17.4

17.2
17.9
19.4
16.5
13.3

9.9
13.6
4.5

4.2
5.3

72.4
67.6
77.7
74.4
84.5

7.8
2.7

1.64
1.75
1.70
1.50
1.41

3,341
1,265
524
1,084
468

2,915
886
521
1,045
463

25.4
36.3
30.3
19.4
12.5

6.0
6.3
9.8
5.6
2.2

71.9
71.3
66.6
71.4
80.3

33.2
38.3
39.9
29.8
23.8

10.0
12.2
10.6
9.4
6.5

4.6
5.5
2.7
4.6
4.8

1.51
1.70
1.60
1.40
1.30

NOTE: See note, table A-15.




31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-17. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Total
Thousands of persons

Duration of unemployment

Total
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
.
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over

...

. . . .

...

Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
. 1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

7,525

7,556

100.0

100.0

3,160

2,998

100.0

100.0

2,332
2,231
1,405
826
2,961
1,349
1,612
823
789

2,665
2,444
1,590
854
2,448
1,178
1,270
693
577

31.0
29.6

35.3
32.3
21.0
11.3
32.4
15.6
16.8
9.2
7.6

838
886
546
340
1,437
672
765
387
378

866
946
599
347
1,187
596
591
307
284

26.5
28.0
17.3
10.8
45.5
21.3
24.2
12.2
12.0

28.9
31.6
20.0
11.6
39.6
19.9
19.7
10.2

18.0

15.7

20.1

18.1

Average (mean) duration

18.7
11.0
39.3
17.9
21.4
10.9
10.5

9.5

A-18. Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status
Thousands of persons

Sex, age, race, and marital status

Total

Less than
5 weeks

5t614
weeks

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Average
(mean)
duration,
in weeks

Less than 5 weeks as a
percent of unemployed
in group

15 weeks and over as a
percent of unemployed
in group

March 1977
Total, 16 years and over . . .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

7,556
2,424
1,648
1,726
1,757
893
831
532
170

2,665
1,073
782
605
573
284
257
119
45

2,444
809
519
635
561
313
229
154
33

1,178
258
151
265
303
155
158
111
35

1,270
284
197
221
319
141
186
148
58

15.7
11.9
11.5
13.6
16.4
16.8
19.5
22.8
24.4

31.0
38.3
40.8
32.5
31.0
30.2
22.4
16.8
20.0

35.3
44.3
47.4
35.1
32.6
31.8
31.0
22.3
26.2

39.4
29.4
26.2
35.5
40.9
40.6
51.6
58.3
55.4

32.4
22.4
21.1
28.1
35.5
33.2
41.4
48.6
54.6

Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

4,215
1,313
890
978
985
481
432
327
121

1,324
541
416
290
273
136
114
65
29

1,368
457
296
360
325
159
116
89
24

737
145
72
166
200
104
91
76
28

786
170
105
162
188
82
111
97
40

17.0
12.8
11.5
15.6
17.5
18.8
20.7
24.6
24.5

27.7
35.1
38.8
28.8
26.3
26.6
18.6
18.7
18.5

31.4
41.2
46.8
29.7
27.7
28.2
26.5
20.0
23.9

42.4
31.4
26.5
39.5
43.0
48.8
53.1
60.1
54.5

36.1
24.0
19.9
33.5
39.3
38.7
46.8
52.9
56.6

Females, 16 years and over . .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,341
1,111
758
747
771
412
398
205
48

1,341
532
365
315
300
149
143
54
16

1,075
351
223
275
236
153
114
66
9

441
113
78
98
104
51
67
35
7

484
115
92
59
132
59
75
50
17

14.1
10.9
11.4
11.1
14.9
14.5
18.3
20.1
24.0

35.4
42.5
43.1
37.6
37.3
34.2
27.9
13.4
(1)

40,1
47.9
48.2
42.1
38.9
36.0
35.9
26.1
(1)

35.3
26.9
25.7
29.9
38.0
31.5
49.4
55.3
(1)

27.7
20.5
22.4
21.1
30.5
26.8
35.6
41.8
(1)

White
Males
Females

6,107
3,438
2,668

2,190
1,104
1,086

1,967
1,123
844

969
618
351

981
594
388

15.3
16.4
14.0

30.9
28.4
34.2

35.9
32.1
40.7

39.6
42.0
36.2

31.9
35.2
27.7

Black and other
Males
Females

1,449
111
673

475
220
255

476
245
231

209
119
90

288
192
96

17.4
20.0
14.5

31.6
24.6
40.1

32.8
28.3
37.9

38.3
44.0
31.5

34.3
40.1
27.7

Males:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

1,857
424
1,934

499
101
724

595
132
641

420
74
243

343
116
326

17.6
21.8
15.4

24.4
21.7
32.8

26.9
23.8
37.4

46.0
54.2
35.5

41.1
44.9
29.4

Females:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)
,

1,555
651
1,135

640
230
471

454
227
395

227
93
121

235
101
149

14.2
15.9
12.8

32.2
35.8
39.5

41.1
35.3
41.5

37.4
36.2
31.8

29.7
29.8
23.7

35 to 44 years

1

Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.

32




HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-19. Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job
Thousands of persons
Less than
5 weeks

Occupation and industry

5 to 14
weeks

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Average
(mean)
duration,
in weeks

March 1977

15 weeks and over
as a percent of
unemployed in group

Less than 5 weeks
as a percent of
unemployed in group

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

30.7
25.0
36.2
32.8

37.0
34.4
44.0
36.5

40.9
47.3
32.9
38.8

32.2
36.8
26.3
31.2

44.8

36.0
37.7

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and managerial . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers

2,144
710
345
1,088

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers . . .
Operatives, except transport . .
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

3,258

Service workers

1,101

940
1,271
328
719

793
244
152
398

661
207
103
352

296
107
40
148

191

15.9
17.5
14.0
15.5

994
257
435
89
213
417

1,092

629

544

16.5

25.4

330
407
110
245
368

192
215

162

16.5

24.9

214

16.0

26,1

45

15.9

27.1

395
153
50

85
137

123

17.5

24.2

30.5
27.3
34.3
27.0
29.7

137

180

14.7

35.8

37.9

49

45.0
45.9

33.7

45.3

39.5

42.3

36.2

31.8

28.7

INDUSTRY 1
Agriculture
Construction . ,
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

871
1,687
960
727

85
244
567
285
281

57
286
525
304
221

217
296
203
94

30
124
299
168
131

15.1
16.3
16.9
17.5
16.0

34.1
24.5
24.7
24.4
25.2

38.4
28.0
33.6
29.
38.

34.4
45.5
49.1
49.0
49.2

35.8
39.2
35.3
38.6
30.9

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries . . .
Public administration

310
1,607
1,603
199

103
577
587
41

102
558
491
79

48
227
207
28

57
246
319
51

16,
14,
18.7

27.4
34.3
31.2
24.6

33.1
35.9
36.6
20.8

45.2
32.7
38.8
37.2

33.8
29.4
32.9
39.6

884

387

285

79

133

14.1

48.1

43.8

22.7

24.0

221

No previous work experience

. ..

16.4

Includes wage and salary workers only.

A-20. Employed persons by sex and age
[In thousands]

Age and type of industry

All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

16

20
25

55

65

Nonagricultural industries
to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
to 24 years
to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
years and over

Agriculture
.
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years .
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 t o 64 years
55 t o 59 years . .
60 to 84 years . . . . . . . . . .
65 years and over




Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

Mar.

1976

1977

1976

1977

1976

1977

85,588
6,549
2,548
4,001
11,743
53,864
21,522

16,096
10,879
6,695
4,184
2,693

52,180
3,581
1,379
2,203
6,700
33,530
13,741
10,050
9,739
6,723
4,116

36,035
3,184
1,219
1,965
5,629

16,085
10,718
6,538
4,179
2,713

50,981
3,457
1,341
2,115
6,373
32,902
13,223
9,867
9,812
6,558
4,007
2,551
1,693

34,606
3,092
1,207
1,885
5,370

16,257

88,215
6,766
2,598
4,168
12,329
55,548
22,706
16,746

2,607

20,965
8,300
6,391
6,274
4,160
2,531
1,629
1,020

22,019
8,965
6,696
6,358
4,156
2,579
1,577
1,046

82,691

85,411

6,226
2,401
3,825
11,473
52,413
21,034
15,826
15,553
10,222
6,271
3,951
2,357

6,469
2,443
4,026
12,025
54,134
22,230
16,335
15,569
10,413
6,431
3,982
2,370

48,498
3,176
1,221
1,955
6,146
31,690
12,809
9,513
9,368
6,121
3,777
2,344
1,366

1,647
49,824
3,330
1,253
2,077
6,440
32,383
13,354
9,708
9,321
6,321
3,892
2,429
1,349

34,192
3,050
1,180
1,870
5,327
20,723
8,225
6,313
6,185
4,101
2,495
1,607
991

35,588
3,139
1,190
1,949
5,585

21,751
8,876
6,627
6,248
4,092
2,539
1,552
1,020

2,897
323
147
176
271
1,453
489
432
532
495
267
228
356

2,804
297
155
142
304
1,414
476
410
528
466
264
202
323

2,483
281
121
160
227
1,212
414
354
444
436
230
206
327

2,357
251
126
126
260
1,146
386
342
418
402
224
178
298

414
42
27
16
43
241
75
78
88
59
37
22
29

447
45
29
16
44
267
89
69
109
64
40
25
26

33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-21.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age

[In thousands]

Males, 2 0 years and over

Females, 2 0 years and over

Males, 16-19 years

Females, 16-19 years

Occupation

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

85,588

88,215

47,525

48,599

31,514

White-collar workers

43,493

44,621

20,940

21,105

Professional and technical

13,455
2,216
3,305
7,934

13,721
2,344
3,285
8,092

7,843
795
1,015
6,033

Managers and administrators, except farm
Salaried workers
Self-employed workers in retail trade
Self-employed workers, except retail trade . .

9,216
7,435
892
889

9,476
7,717
890
869

Sales workers
Retail trade
Other industries

5,328
2,867
2,460

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

32,850

3,457

3,581

3,092

3,184

20,419

21,310

582

607

1,552

1,600

7,745
818
983
5,944

5,445
1,405
2,258
1,782

5,795
1,511
2,261
2,023

61
1
10
50

73
4
5
64

106
15
23
68

109
11
36
62

7,206
5,814
646
746

7,361
5,999
629
732

1,936
1,558
241
137

2,039
1,647
254
137

57
49
3
5

51
49
2

17
14
2
1

26
20
6

5,544
2,992
2,551

2,886
916
1,970

2,893
876
2,018

1,847
1,433
415

2,031
1,570
461

217
176
42

238
195
43

111
343
34

382
352
30

15,494
4,467
11,027

15,880
4,462
11,418

3,005
68
2,937

3,107
65
3,042

11,191
4,079
7,112

11,445
4,080
7,365

246
4
242

245
4
241

1,052
316
736

1,083
313
770

27,775

28,911

20,999

21,829

4,715

4,869

1,742

1,883

319

329

10,842
934
2,102
2,929
1,276

11,393
1,047
2,207
3,080
1,228

10,056
900
2,008
2,781
1,227

10,429
970
2,129
2,895
1,159

444
1
17
26
21

557
7
11
42
47

315
33
76
118
23

380
69
66
142
21

27

27

1,353
2,248

1,533
2,299

1,252
1,886

1,391
1,883

94
285

116
334

5
61

22
60

2
15

3
23

Operatives, except transport
Durable goods manufacturing
Nondurable goods manufacturing
Other industries

9,794
4,317
3,232
2,245

10,193
4,445
3,438
2,310

5,323
2,748
1,244
1,331

5,614
2,812
1,372
1,430

3,732
1,369
1,805
558

3,779
1,419
1,856
504

516
135
76
305

588
155
102
331

223
66
107
50

212
61
109
42

Transport equipment operatives
Drivers, motor vehicles
All other

3,173
2,661
512

3,410
2,844
566

2,803
2,328
475

3,008
2,490
518

205
195
10

232
217
15

147
121
26

155
124
32

19
17
1

15
14
1

Nonfarm laborers
Construction
Manufacturing
Other industries

3,965
590
1,019
2,355

3,915
629
1,028
2,259

2,818
495
818
1,505

2,778
518
771
1,489

333
4
122
207

302
5
121
176

765
91
76
597

760
105
125
530

50
3
47

75
1
11
63

11,830

12,288

3,648

3,832

6,108

6,365

887

868

1,187

1,223

1,118
10,712
3,823
1,358
5,531

1,121
11,167
4,018
1,342
5,807

13
3,635
634
1,244
1,757

24
3,808
751
1,207
1,850

831
5,278
2,055
83
3,140

849
5,516
2,090
105
3,321

10
876
524
30
322

12
857
511
26
320

264
923
609
1
313

236
987
666
3
318
33

TOTAL

Health workers
Teachers, except college
Other professional and technical

..

Clerical workers
Stenographers, typists, and secretaries
Other clerical workers
Blue-collar workers

Craft and kindred workers
Carpenters
Construction craft, except carpenters
Mechanics and repairers
Metal craft
Blue-collar worker supervisors, not elsewhere
classified
All other

Service workers

Private household workers
Service workers, except private household . . .
Food service workers
Protective service workers
All other
Farm workers

1
3
5

2,490

2,395

1,938

1,833

272

306

246

223

35

Farmers and farm managers

1,414

1,373

1,334

1,272

61

85

17

13

2

4

Farm laborers and supervisors
Paid workers
Unpaid family workers

1,076
866
210

1,022
799
223

604
583
21

562
533
29

210
80
130

221
94
127

229
177
52

210
154
56

32
25
7

29
18
11

34




HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-22.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race

[Percent distribution]

Males
Occupation and race

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

TOTAL

85,588
100.0

8,215
100 .0

50,981
100 .0

52,180
100.0

34,606
100.0

36,035
100.0

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm .
Sales workers
Clerical workers

50.8
15.7
10.8
6.2
18.1

50 .6
15 .6
10 .7
6 .3
18 .0

42 .2
15 .5
14 .2
6 .1
6 .4

41.6
15
14,
6.0
6.4

63.5
16.0
5.6
6.4
35.4

63.6
16.4
5.7
6.7
34.8

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

32.5
12.7
11.4
3.7
4.6

32 .8
12 .9
11 .6
3 .9
4 .4

44 .6
20 .3
11 .5
5 .8
7 .0

45.4
20.7
11.9
6.1
6.8

14.5
1.4
11.4
.6
1.1

14.4
1.6
11.1
.7
1.0

Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers

13.8
1.3
12.5

13 .9
1 .3
12 .7

8 .9
(1)
8 .8

9.0
CD
8.9

21.1
3.2
17.9

21.1
3.0
18.0

2.9
1.7
1.3

2 .7
1.6
1.2

4 .3
2 .7
1 .6

3.9
2.5
1.5

.9
.2
.7

.9
2
.7

76,300
100.0

78,685
100.0

46,078
100.0

47,055
100.0

30,222
100.0

31,630
100.0

White-collar workers
Professional and technical . •;
Managers and administrators, except farm . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers

52.8
16.2
11.5
6.7
18.3

52.5
16.0
11.4
6.8
18.3

44.0
16.1
15.1
6.5
6.2

43.3
15.5
15.0
6.4
6.4

66.1
16.4
6.0
7.0
36.8

66.1
16.7
6.1
7.3
36.1

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport . . .
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

31.9
13.1
11.0
3.6
4.3

32.3
13.5
11.1
3.7
4.1

43.7
20.8
11.1
5.4
6.3

44.6
21.4
11.5
5.7
6.0

14.0
1.4
10.8
.7
1.1

13.9
1.7
10.4
.7
1.1

Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers . . .

12.3
.9
11.4

12.5
.9
11.6

8.0
CD

8.1

7.9

CD
8.0

18.9
2.2
16.7

19.1
2.2
16.9

3.0
1.8
1.2

2.8
1.7
1.1

4.3
2.8
1.5

4.0
2.6
1.4

1.0
.2

1.0
.3

9,288
100.0

9,530
100.0

4,904
100.0

5,125
100.0

4,384
100 .0

4,405
100 .0

34.8
11.5
4.5
2.3

25.6
9.5
5.8
2.0
8.2

25.8
10.1
6.6
2.2
6.9

45 .2
13 .7
3 .1
2 .6
25 ,9

45 .4
14 .2
3 .4
2 .5
25 .4

Total employed (thousands) .
Percent

Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers . .
Farm laborers and supervisors ,

Total employed (thousands) .
Percent

Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers . .
Farm laborers and supervisors .

.7

Black and other

Total employed (thousands)
Percent
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers

16.5

34.9
12.0
5.1
2.3
15.5

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

36.7
8.9
15.1
5.0
7.8

37.1
8.5
15.6
5.3
7.6

53.2
15.9
14.6
9.0
. 13.6

53.1
14.7
15.2
9.6
13.6

18 .4
1.1
15 .6
.5
1 .2

18 .5
1 .3
16 .1
.3
.7

Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers

26.3
4.6
21.7

25.9
4.4
21.6

17 .5
.1
17 .3

17.8
.2
17.6

36 .1
9 .6
26 .6

35 .4
9 .2
26 .3

2.1
.5
1.7

2.1
.5
1.7

3 .8

3.4
.8
2.6

.3
.1
.2

.7
CD

Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors
1

Q
.O

3 .0

.6

Less than 0.05 percent.




35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-23. Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex
[In thousands]
March 1977
Nonagricultural industries
Age and sex

Agriculture

Wage and salary workers
Unpaid
family
workers

Wage and
salary
workers

5,813
73
50
23
282
1,246
1,311
1,342
1,097
647
450
462

594
33
14
19
36
125
126
139
93
54
40
41

1,123
214
101
113
226
207
142
173
112
64
48
49

1,442
14
7
7
62
228
236
310
328
182
146
264

37,592
3,022
1,103
1,919
5,473
10,225
7,065
6,649
4,345
2,712
1,633
813

4,193
49
35
14
189
850
973
1,009
797
461
335
325

75
24
16
7
11
6
1
3
12
7
6
16

931
183
81
102
187
170
120
133
93
53
41
44

1,338
10
3
7
61
208
217
283
306
169
137
252

24,874
2,602
917
1,685
4,444
6,088
4,455
4,087
2,605
1,615
990
593

1,620
24
15
10
93
395
338
332
300
185
115
137

519
10

192
31
20
11
40
36
22
40
19
11
8
4

104
4
4

Total

Private
household
workers

Government

Other

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

,005
,362
,379
,984
,707
,859
,898
,088
,223
,731
,492
,867

1,287
276
211
65
90
138
149
217
262
135
127
154

15,251
462
147
315
1,700
4,407
3,228
3,136
2,011
1,270
741
307

62,466
5,624
2,020
3,604
9,917
16,314
11,520
10,735
6,950
4,327
2,624
1,406

Males, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

45,556
3,257
1,201
2,056
6,239
12,497
8,733
8,308
5,512
3,424
2,089
1,008

132
38
36
2
17
9
6
17
20
10
10
25

7,832
197
63
135
749
2,263
1,662
1,642
1,148
702
446
170

Females, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years . . . . . . . . .
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

33,449
3,105
1,177
1,928
5,468
8,362
6,164
5,780
3,711
2,307
1,403
859

1,155
238
175
63
73
129
143
200
242
124
118
129

7,420
265
84
181
951
2,144
1,566
1,494
863
568
295
137

Self
employed

11
24
119
125
135
81
47
34
25

Unpaid
family
workers

Self
employed

240
69
47
22
16
41
33
44
25
17
8
11

58
42
17
12
8
5
1
2
2

151
11
6
5
4
33
28
43
23
15
8
10

1
20
19
27
22
13
9
12

A-24. Employed persons by industry and occupation
[in thousands]
March 1977
Blue-collar workers

White-collar workers
Industry

Total
employed

2,804
793
4,980
20,425
12,134
..
8,291
5,755
Transportation and public utilities .
18,098
Wholesale and retail trade
3,436
Wholesale trade
14,663
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate . 4,942
Services
• • • 25,614
1,316
Private households
24,298
Other service industries
4,803
Public administration
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods

36




Professional and
technical
workers

60
84
161
2,045
1,353
692
474
357
104
253
230
9,467
10
9,457
844

Managers
and
adminisstrators,
except
farm

40
59
582
1,404
788
617
549
3,451
681
2,770
970
1,777
1
1,776
644

Service workers

Sales
workers

Clerical
workers

Craft
and
kindred
workers

Operatives,
except
transport

Transport
equipment
operatives

Nonfarm
laborers

15
1
22
381
134
246
45
3,826
834
2,992
1,099
153

51
79
391
2,423
1,392
1,031
1,315
3,148
738
2,410
2,203
4,541
9
4,532
1,729

62
214
2,776
4,091
2,752
1,339
1,218
1,388
311
1,077
110
1,234
11
1,223
.
300

10
282
212
7,884
4,445
3,438
159
964
162
801
11
634
2
632
38

21
51
158
835
404
431
1,382
702
344
358
3
205
1
204
53

146
15
629
1,028
664
364
429
1,050
237
813
66
429
86
343
124

153
1

Private
household
workers

—
__
__
__
-—

1,121
1,121

Other
service
workers

Farm
workers

4
8
50
336
202
133
184
3,211
25
3,186
251
6,054
76
5,978
1,070

2,395
__
__
•

_

_

-

-

_

_

—

-

-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-25. Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex
[ I n thousands]

Nonagricultural industries
An

Wage and salary workers 1

industries

Reason not working

Total
Paid absences?

Unpaid absences?

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

3,937

3,588

3,757

3,425

1,557

1,423

1,729

1,577

Vacation

1,141

1,095

1,115

1,038

733

692

279

244

Illness
Bad weather

1,707

1,546

1,641

1,506

677
—

619
—

818
__

751
—

Total

.

.

.

170

139

138

116

41

79

41

79

878

728

822

686

148

112

632

582

2,259
675

2,062

1,920
612

976
450

905

819

736

450

139

91

973

883

2,090
652
909

851

437

397

394

365

611

515

529

457

89

59

287

279

1,678

1,526

1,668

1,505

583

842

463

426

284

141

152

734

431
662

518
242

911

467

733

655

241

477

433

472

424

59

222
53

425
346

387
303

Industrial dispute

Males
Vacation
Illness

.

Females
Vacation

.

Illness

1

664

--

3Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.

Excludes private household.

2

Pay status n o t available separately f o r bad weather and industrial dispute; these categories
are included in all other reasons.

A-26. Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work
March 1977

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Hours of work
All
industries

Nonagri-

Nonagricultural
industries

Agri-

All

culture

industries

cultural
industries

Agriculture

84,628

81,986

2,641

100.0

100.0

100.0

20,852

19,974

879

24.6

24.4

33.3

778

740

38

.9

.9

1.4

4,290
10,353
5,431

4,051
9,936
5,247

239
418
184

5.1
12.2
6.4

4.9
12.1
6.4

9.0
15.8
7.0

35 hours and over

63,775

62,012

1,762

75.6

35-39 hours

6,143
34,809

5,999
34,423

145

7.3

7.3

66.7
5.5

386

42.0

14.6

22,823
9,287

21,590
9,034

1,231
252

41.1
27.0
11.0

26.3
11.0

46.6
9.5

7,851
5,685

7,490
5,066

360
619

9.3
6.7

9.1
6.2

13.6
23.4

38.5
43.2

38.4

42.3
51.0

--

--

42.9

Total at w o r k
1-34 hours
1-4 hours
5-14 hours
15-29 hours

.

30-34 hours

.

4 0 hours
41 hours and over
41 t o 4 8 hours . . .
4 9 t o 59 hours
60 hours and over

. . .

.

.

.
. .

Average hours total at w o r k
Average hours workers on full-time schedules




.

.

.

. .
.

.
.

.

.

.

.

.

.

75.4

._
—

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-27. Persons at work 1 - 34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours
[Numbers in thousands]

March 1977
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours

Total
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work

.

Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons

Usually

Usually

Usually

Usually

work

work

full time

part time

work

work

full time

part time

20,853

5,956

14,897

19,974

5,636

14,338

3,446
1,792
66
180
58
1,349

1,395
1,091
66
180
58

2,051
701

3,219
1,601
66
174
58
1,317

1,256
956
66
174
58

1,963
645

17,407
10,923
598
2,033
618
47
71
1,287
1,830

4,561

12,846
10,923

4,380

1,387

1,287
443

16,755
10,539
590
1,992
521
47
70
1,265
1,731

1,330

1,265
401

21.5
20.3

23.9
26.2

19.9
18.2

21.6
20.4

24.2
26.3

20.0
18.3

995
4,436

557
2,409

438
2,027

951
4,296

522
2,326

429
1,970

Total

1,349

598
1,840
618
47
71

193

Total

1,317
12,375
10,539

590
1,822
521
47
70

170

Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

A-28. Nonagricultural workers by industry and full- or part-time status
[Numbers in thousands]

March 1977
Full- or part-time status
Average
Total
Industry

at

On part tme
for economic
reasons

On
voluntary
part time

Total

81,986

3,219

12,375

66,392

75,966

2,891

11,218

3,911

304

197

19,274
11,433
7,842

485
167

688
262

319

426

5,213
15,638
4,425

151
828

- 345
4,029

73

22,153
1,249
20,904
4,619

979

5,426
594

work

Total 1
Wage and salary workers

.

.

Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade . . .
Finance insurance and real estate

.
.

.

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1

1ncludes mining not shown separately.

38




,

.
.

.

.

. . .

On full-time schedules

41 to 48

Average
hours,
total
at work

hours,
workers
on full-time

38.4

42.9

hours

49 hours
or more

44,802

9,034

12,556

61,857

42,957

8,492

10,408

38.1

42.5

3,410

2,609

397

404

38.5

41.1

18,101
11,004
7,097

12,552
7,602
4,950

2,841
1,738
1,102

2,708
11,664
1,045

41.0
41.6
40.1

42.3
42.4
42.1

3,305
6,484
2,885

613
1,899

799
2,398

467

4,717
10,781
3,885

425

575

40.9
36,1
39.0

43.0
43.5
41.7

210
769
58

5,234
705
4,529
236

15,940
334
15,606
4,325

11,392
231
11,161
3.312

1,755
33
1,722
462

2,793
70
2,723
551

35.5
21.6
36.3
40.4

42.3
42.7
42.3
41.9

306
20

953
204

4,167
370

1,671
176

486
56

2,010
138

42.0
37.5

49.6
47.0

40 hours
or less

schedules

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, sex, age, race, and marital status
[Numbers in thousands]

March 1977
On full-time schedules

Sex, age, race, and marital status

Total

On part
time for
economic
reasons

Average
On

hours,

voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time

schedules

TOTAL
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . .
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

81,986
10,766
6,306
2,384
3,922
75,680
11,631
64,049
37,284
24,578
2,187

3,219
667
422
69
353
2,796
628
2,168
1,257
820
90

12,375
4,493
3,523
2,019
1,505
8,852
1,825
7,027
3,474
2,437
1,116

66,392
5,606
2,361
296
2,064
64,032
9,178
54,854
32,553
21,321
981

44,802
4,246
1,783
233
1,549
43,019
6,726
36,293
21,185
14,405
704

21,590
1,360
578
63
515
21,013
2,452
18,561
11,368
6,916
277

38.4
29.3
25.2
17.7
29.8
39.5
37.0
40.0
40.5
40.1
28.4

42.9
40.8
40.4
38.1
40.7
43.0
41.6
43.2
43.4
43.1
42.8

Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

47,904

3,861
2,181
1,725
1,009
716
2,137
802
1,335
439
361
534

42,578
3,099
1,307
187
1,120
41,270
5,150
36,120
21,382
14,091
647

25,558
2,134
914
147
767
24,643
3,316
21,327
12,245
8,630
450

17,020
965
393
40
353
16,627
1,834

41.6
31.0
26.8
19.4
31.3
42.7
38.9
43.3
44.0
43.3
30.7

44.4
42.0

22,364
14,791
1,229

1,465
326
220
34
186
1,245
315
930
543
339
48

44.9
44.4
43.2

Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

34,082
5,160
3,054
1,154
1,901
31,028
5,364
25,664
14,919
9,786
957

1,754
341
204
35
167
1,551
313
1,238
714
483
41

8,514
2,312
1,799
1,010
788
6,715
1,023
5,692
3,034
2,076
582

23,814
2,507
1,051
109
946
22,762
4,028
18,734
11,171
7,227
334

19,244
2,113
867
87
785
18,376
3,410
14,966
8,940
5,771
253

4,570
394
184
22
161
4,386
3,768
2,231
1,456
81

33.9
27.4
23.5
15.9
28.2
34.9
34.7
34.9
35.2
35.4
25.5

40.3
39.4
39.2
38.8
39.3
40.4
39.7
40.6
40.4
40.6
41.9

73,120
43,217
29,903

2,654
1,236
1,418

11,309
3,499
7,810

59,157
38,482
20,675

38,879
22,451
16,427

20,278
16,031
4,248

38.6
41.9
33.7

43.2
44.7
40.4

8,866
4,687
4,179

565
230
335

1,066
362
704

7,235
4,095
3,140

5,923
3,106
2,817

1,312
989
323

36.9
38.9
34.6

40.8
41.7
39.5

Married, spouse present .
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married) .

34,797
3,307
9,800

798
153
514

1,102
172
2,588

32,897
2,982
6,698

19,200
1,822
4,536

13,697
1,160
2,162

43.5
41.6
34.9

44.8
44.0
42.9

Females:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

19,682
6,355
8,044

923
416
414

4,937
1,058
2,519

13,822
4,881
5,111

11,328
3,809
4,108

2,494
1,072
1,003

34.1
35.9
31.7

40.1
40.6
40.5

5,606
3,252

1,230
2,022
44,652
6,267
38,385

14,793

9,137
5,461
197

618

41.
37.
41.9
44.
43.
44.

RACE
White
Males
Females
Black and other
Males
Females
MARITAL STATUS




39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-30. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex
[Numbers in thousands]

March 1977
On full-time schedules

Occupational group and sex

On part time
Total at work

for economic
reasons

On voluntary
part time

40 hours

41 to 48

49 hours

or less

hours

or more

Average

Average hours,

hours, total

workers on full-

at work

time schedules

TOTAL
White-collar workers

43,013
13,252
9,148
5,265
15,348

993
263
87
222
421

6,322
1,660
449
1,312
2,901

35,698
11,329
8,612
3,731
12,026

23,382
7,114
4,075
2,219
9,973

4,439
1,463
1,246
462
1,269

7,877
2,752
3,291
1,050
784

39.3
40.2
45.7
36.7
35.5

43.5
44.1
47.4
44.2
39.9

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers • . • •
Operatives, except transport . . .
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

27,568
10,906
9,743
3,209
3,710

1,347
408
485
173
283

2,019
415
602
297
705

24,202
10,083
8,656
2,739
2,722

16,512
6,658
6,304
1,531
2,017

3,844
1,661
1,326
456
401

3,846
1,764
1,026
752
304

39.7
41.1
39.4
41.7
34.8

42.4
42.8
41.6
45.2
40.9

Service workers
Private household . . .
Other service workers

11,782
1,092
10,691

910
180
730

4,108
630
3,478

6,764
282
6,483

5,036
199
4,839

793
27
766

935
56
878

31.9
21.3
33.0

42.0
42.6
42.0

20,997
7,586
7,143
3,019
3,249

260
90
61
49
59

1,380
487
185
348
360

19,357
7,009
6,897
2,622
2,830

10,205
3,970
2,930
1,329
1,976

2,791
915
1,050
374
452

6,361
2,124
2,917
919
402

44.0
43.6
47.4
42.2
38.9

46.1
45.7
48.4
45.9
42.0

22,656
10,362
5,961
2,979
3,354

1,024
388
228
154
255

1,443
325
339
174
606

20,189
9,649
5,394
2,651
2,493

13,221
6,328
3,574
1,472
1,845

3,395
1,592
987
441

3,573
1,729
833
738
273

40.4
41.4
40.7
42.6
34.9

42.9
42.9
42.7
45.3
40.8

4,529
36
4,494

205
4
202

1,064
22
1,042

3,260
17
3,250

2,234
14
2,227

600
3
597

36.5
20.5
36.6

43.7
49.9
43.7

Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm .
Sales workers

Clerical workers

Males
White-collar workers
Professional and technical

. ..

Managers and administrators, except farm ,
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers

....

Operatives, except transport . . .
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

375
Service workers
Private household
Other service workers

426
426

Females
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Private household
Other service workers

40




,

22,016
5,666
2,005
2,246
12,099

733
174
27
172
362

4,942
1,173
264
964
2,542

16,341
4,319
1,714
1,110
9,195

13,177
3,144
1,145
891
7,995

1,648
548
195
88
817

1,516
627
347
131
383

34.8
35.8
39.9
29.3
34.6

40.
41.
43,
40,
39,

4,912
543
3,782
231
356

323
21
256
19
28

576
90
263
123
99

4,013
432
3,263
89
229

3,292
328
2,732
60
173

449
69
338
15
26

272
35
193
14
30

36.5
36.1
37.4
29,
33.

40.0
40.3
39.8
43.1
41.4

7,253
1,056
6,197

705
176
528

3,044
608
2,436

3,504
272
3,233

2,803
192
2,612

367
27
340

334
53
281

29.0
21.3
30.3

40.5
42.4
40.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-31. Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race
[Numbers in thousands]

March 1977

Both sexes

Civilian noninstitutional population

.

.

Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate

Going t o school
Unable to work

.

White

Total

Employment status

.

Males

Females

Both sexes

Black and other

Males

Females

Both sexes

Males

Females

8,335

4,241

4,094

7,021

3,581

3,439

1,314

659

655

1,363
1,164
96
1,068
199
14.6

728
601
74
527
127
17.5

635
563
22
541
72
11.3

1,267
1,104
92
1,012
163
12.9

670
561
70
491
109
16.3

597
543
22
522
54
9.1

96
59
4
55
36
37.5

58
40
4
36
18
(1)

38
19

6,972
34
6,824
11
103

3,513
8
3,434
10
60

3,459
26
3,390
1
43

5,753
29
5,620
11
93

2,911
6
2,840
11
55

2,842
23
2,780

1,219
5
1,204

602
2
595

38

10

6

19
18

CD
617
3
609
__
4

Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-32. Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation
March 1977
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons
Characteristics
Males

Females

1,164

601

563

1,068
967
414
54
499
91
9
96
57

527
447
53
37
357
71
9
74
41
1
32

541
521
362
17
142
20

Both sexes

B o t h sexes

Males

Females

CLASS OF WORKER
Total
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers
Private household workers
Government workers
Other wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers

.
.

.

Unpaid family workers
Agriculture
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

39

100.0

100.0
87.7
74.4
8.8
6.2
59.4
11.8
1.5
12.3
6.8
.2
5.3

100.0
96.1
92.5
64.3
3.0
25.2
3.6

22
16

91.7
83.1
35.6
4.6
42.9
7.8
.8
8.3
4.9

6

3.4

563
82
4

100.0
26.8
.5
.2
21.7
4.4

38.3
.5
.2
34.6
3.0

14.5
.7
__
8.0
5.9

14.3
.6
3.2
.4
10.1

26.0
1.3
6.2
.8
17.6

2.1
__
__
__
2.1
80.1
63.8
16.1

3.9
2.8
1.1

OCCUPATION

White-collar workers .

.

. . .

.

Professional and technical
Managers and administrators except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers

.
.

.

.

.

.

Bluecollar workers
Craft and kindred workers

. . . . . . .

Operatives except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Private household workers

.

.

Other service workers
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors




100.0

601

Total

.

.

100.0

1,164
312
6
2
253
51

230
3
1
208
18

166
7
37
5
118

156
8
37
5
106

12

599
384
215

147
24
124

452
360
91

51.4
33.0
18.5

24.6
4.0
20.6

87

67

19

7.5

11.1

3.4

87

687

19

7.5

11.1

3.4

45
33
10

.

41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

1977

1976
Employment status

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

TOTAL
155,325 155,516 155,711 155,925 156,142 156,367 156,595
Total noninstitutional population *
2,145
2,147
2,140
2,137
2,142
2,144
2,147
Armed Forces l
Civilian noninstitutional population * . . 153,178 153,371 153,570 153,788 154,002 154,220 154,451
93,862 94,376 94,551 94,704 95,189 95,351 95,242
Civilian labor force
61.7
61.8
61.8
61.6
61.6
61.3
61.5
Percent of civilian population .
86,845 87,329 87,640 87,533 87,783 87,834 87,794
Employed
56.1
56.2
56.2
56.1
56.3
56.2
55.9
Percent of total population...
3,372 3,278
3,333
3,313
3,332
3,398
3,215
Agriculture
83,630 83,931 84,308 84,220 84,450 84,462 84,516
Nonagricultural industries
7,448
7,517
7,406
7,171
7,047
7,017
6,911
Unemployed
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.3
Unemployment rate
59,209
58,869
59,316 58,995 59,019 59,084 58,813
Not in labor force

56,788
2,147
54,642
95,302
61.6
87,738
56.0
3,310
84,428
7,564
7.9
59,340

157,006
2,149
154,857
95,871
61.9
88,220
56.2
3,248
84,972
7,651
8.0
58,986

157,176
2,146
155,031
95,960
61.9
88,441
56.3
3,257
85,184
7,519
7.8
59,071

157,381
2,133
155,248
95,516
61.5
88,558
56.3
3,090
85,468
6,958
7.3
59,732

157,584 157,782
2,138
2,137
155,447 155,643
96,539
96,145
62.0
61.9
89,475
88,962
56.7
56.5
3,116
3,090
85,872
86,359
7,064
7,183
7.3
7.5
59,104
59,302

Males, 20 yean and over
Total noninstitutional population l
Civilian noninstitutional population * . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

65,920
64,230
51,075
79.5
48,201
73.1
2,309
45,892
2,874
5.6
13,155

66,002
64,311
51,277
79.7
48,455
73.4
2,401
46,054
2,822
5.5
13,034

66,087
64,398
51,435
79.9
48,542
73.5
2,418
46,124
2,893
5.6
12,963

66,182
64,492
51,492
79.8
48,443
73.2
2,422
46,021
3,049
5.9
13,000

66,279
64,586
51,675
80.0
48,544
73.2
2,429
46,115
3,131
6.1
12,911

66,384
64,688
51,698
79.9
48,638
73.3
2,393
46,245
3,060
5.9
12,990

66,491
64,796
51,851
80.0
48,701
73.2
2,341
46,360
3,150
6.1
12,945

66,598
64,902
51,912
80.0
48,684
73.1
2,334
46,350
3,228
6.2
12,990

66,699
65,001
52,066
80.1
48,773
73.1
2,283
46,490
3,293
6.3
12,935

66,835
65,140
52,078
79.9
48,859
73.1
2,273
46,586
3,219
6.2
13,062

66,930
65,250
51,842
79.5
48,961
73.2
2,209
46,752
2,881
5.6
13,408

67,025
65,342
52,092
79.7
49,091
73.2
2,230
46,861
3,001
5.8
13,250

67,114
65,423
52,061
79.6
49,267
73.4
2,208
47,059
2,794
5.4
13,362

72,640
72,561
33,858
46.7
31,414
43.2
458
30,956
2,444
7.2
38,703

72,737
72,653
34,013
46.8
31,546
43.4
550
30,996
2,467
7.3
38,640

72,837
72,753
33,999
46.7
31,671
43.5
485
31,186
2,328
6.8
38,754

72,944
72,857
34,278
47.0
31,801
43.6
487
31,314
2,477
7.2
38,579

73,053
72,966
34,487
47.3
31,853
43.6
486
31,367
2,634
7.6
38,479

73,168
73,078
34,562
47.3
31,883
43.6
532
31,351
2,679
7.8
38,516

73,286
73,196
34,540
47.2
31,906
43.5
520
31,386
2,634
7.6
38,656

73,378
73,288
34,444
47.0
31,811
43.4
553
31,258
2,633
7.6
38,844

73,491
73,401
34,848
47.5
32,208
43.8
558
31,650
2,640
7.6
38,553

73,535
73,445
34,938
47.6
32,340
44.0
573
31,767
2,598
7.4
38,507

73,642
73,550
34,740
47.2
32,331
43.9
488
31,843
2,409
6.9
38,810

73,746
73,654
34,982
47.5
32,477
44.0
485
31,992
2,505
7.2
38,672

73,852
73,757
35,295
47.9
32,750
44.3
496
32,254
2,545
7.2
38,462

16,765 16,776 16,788 16,799 16,811 16,815 16,819 16,812 16,816 16,806 16,810 16,813
16,387 16,407 16,419 16,439 16,450 16,454 16,458 16,452 16,455 16,446 16,448 16,451
8,944
9,027
9,071
8,934
8,934
8,957
8,946
9,117
9,086
8,851
9,091
8,929
54.4
55.1
54.9
54.3
54.3
54.4
54.4
55.5
55.4
53.8
55.3
54.5
7,242
7,394
7,386
7,266
7,289
7,427
7,239
7,243
7,328
7,187
7,313
7,230
43.1
44.0
43.9
43.4
43.2
44.2
43.0
43.1
43.7
42.7
43.5
43.1
411
375
418
393
404
407
423
447
429
417
447
448
6,831
7,019
6,968
6,873
6,885
6,832
6,881
6,998
6,770 6,820
6,866
6,782
1,702
1,677
1,668
1,641
1,645
1,718
1,703
1,758
1,690
1,664
1,778
1,699
19.0
18.5
18.
18.2
18,4
19.2
19.0
19.3
18.5
18.8
19.6
19.C
7,50:
7,380
7,514
7,423
7,498
7,506
7,505
7,321
7,302
7,607
7,363
7,458

16,816
16,464
9,183
55.8
7,458
44.4
412
7,046
1,725
18.8
7,281

Females, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population '
Civilian noninstitutional population * . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population.
Employed
Percent of total population...
Agriculture
Nonagribultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population *
Civilian noninstitutional population i . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population.
Employed
Percent of total population...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal
variations.

NOTE: Detail for the household data shown in tables A-33 through A 4 3 will not necessarily
add to totals, because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

A-34. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Full- and part-time employment
status

1976
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

1977
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

FULL TIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
. .

80,310 80,524 80,763 80,684 81,006
74,673 74,898 75,190 74,854 75,128
5,626
5,573 5,830 5,878
5,637
7.2
7.0
7.0
6.9
7.3

81,177 80,977 81,297 81,786 82,048 81,730
75,092 74,879 75,135 75,601 75,923 76,223
6,085 6,098 6,162
6,185 6,125
5,507
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.6
7.5
6.7

81,946
76,295
5,651
6.9

82,074
76,606
5,468

13,529 13,916 13,801 13,993 14,181
12,145 12,443 12,403 12,707 12,681
1,384
1,398
1,286 '1,500
1,473
9.2
10.2
10.6
10.6
10.1

14,351 14,340 14,059 14,046 13,912
12,922 12,963 12,610 12,577 12,546
1,377
1,449
1,469 1,366
1,429
9.6
10.3
9.8
10.0
10.5

14,265
12,736
1,529
10.7

14,426
12,820
1,606
11.1

6.7

PART TIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed

NOTE: Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included in the full-time
employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full- or part-time work.

42




13,980
12,549
1,431
10.2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35. Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

1976

1977

Characteristics

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Feb.

Mar.

WHITE
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force . . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

. .

Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force . . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

. .

83,071 83,469
77,412 77,818
5,651
5,659
6.8
6.8

83,668
78,070
5,598
6.7

83,796
78,091
5,705
6.8

84,254
78,295
5,959
7.1

84,403
78,370
6,033
7.1

84,313 84,511
78,276 78,384
6,127
6,037
7.2
7.2

84,816
78,647
6,169
7.3

84,854 84,616
78,828 78,923
6,026
5,693
7.1
6.7

85,086
79,365
5,721
6.7

85,482
79,832
5,650
6.6

45,839
43,492
2,347
5.1

45,949
43,654
2,295
5.0

46,083
43,704
2,379
5.2

46,143
43,666
2,477
5.4

46,287
43,726
2,561
5.5

46,355
43,831
2,524
5.4

46,489 46,561
43,844 43,926
2,635
2,645
5.7
5.7

46,667
43,996
2,671
5.7

46,624 46,347
44,044 44,035
2,312
2,580
5.0
5.5

46,605
44,159
2,446
5.2

46,584
44,299
2,285
4.9

29,268
27,317
1,951
6.7

29,364
27,414
1,950
6.6

29,451
27,558
1,893
6.4

29,639
27,693
1,946
6.6

29,834
27,750
2,084
7.0

29,922
27,806
2,116
7.1

29,876
27,805
2,071
6.9

29,914
27,775
2,139
7.2

30,138
28,017
2,121
7.0

30,211 30,071
28,143 28,170
1,901
2,068
6.3
6.8

30,261
28,328
1,933
6.4

30,588
28,604
1,984
6.5

7,964
6,603
1,361
17.1

8,156
6,750
1,406
17.2

8,134
6,808
1,326
16.3

8,014
6,732
1,282
16.0

8,133
6,819
1,314
16.2

8,126
6,733
1,393
17.1

7,948
6,627
1,321
16.6

8,036
6,683
1,353
16.8

8,011
6,634
1,377
17.2

8,019
6,641
1,378
17.2

8,198
6,718
1,480
18.1

8,220
6,878
1,342
16.3

8,310
6,929
1,381
16.6

10,906 10,910
9,508
9,444
1,466
1,398
13.4
12.8

11,114
9,618
1,496
13.5

11,109
9,623
1,486
13.4

Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force

....

Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

. .

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force

....

Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

. .

BLACK AND OTHER
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force

....

Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

. .

Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force . . . .

10,812 10,876
9,466
9,453
1,410
1,359
13.0
12.6

10,846 10,844
9,388
9,509
1,456
1,337
13.4
12.3

10,868 10,979
9,464
9,484
1,495
1,404
13.6
12.9

11,030 11,163 11,104
9,648
9,697
9,690
1,382
1,466
1,414
12.5
13.1
12.7

5,245
4,712
533
10.2

5,304
4,773
531
10.0

5,358
4,846
512
9.6

5,376
4,794
582
10.8

5,355
4,789
566
10.6

5,376
4,822
554
10.3

5,371
4,847
524
9.8

5,388
4,802
586
10.9

5,437
4,806
631
11.6

5,457
4,838
619
11.3

5,464
4,907
557
10.2

5,523
4,976
547
9.9

5,506
4,991
515
9.4

Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . .

4,611
4,129
482
10.5

4,618
4,106
512
11.1

4,555
4,083
472
10.4

4,599
4,073
526
11.4

4,600
4,074
526
11.4

4,632
4,079
553
11.9

4,639
4,108
531
11.4

4,602
4,072
530
11.5

4,728
4,209
519
11.0

4,714
4,173
541
11.5

4,674
4,171
503
10.8

4,758
4,167
591
12.4

4,725
4,176
549
11.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . .

956
612
344
36.0

954
587
367
38.5

933
580
353
37.8

869
521
348
40.0

913
601
312
34.2

971
583
388
40.0

896
553
343
38.3

920
570
350
38.0

949
603
346
36.5

938
612
326
34.8

892
570
322
36.1

882
554
328
37.2

873
523
350
40.1

Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . .




43

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
[Unemployment rates]

1976

1977

Selected categories

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

7.5
5.6
7.2
19.0

7.5
5.5
7.3
19.3

7.3
5.6
6.8
18.5

7.6
5.9
7.2
18.4

7.8
6.1
7.6
18.2

7.9
5.9
7.8
19.6

7.8
6.1
7.6
18.8

7.9
6.2
7.6
19.0

8.0
6.3
7.6
19.2

7.8
6.2
7.4
19.0

7.3
5.6
6.9
18.7

7.3
7.5
5.8 5.4
7.2
7.2
18.5 18.8

6.8
12.6
5.0
4.1
7.0
10.2
2.5
8.1

6.8
13.0
4.8
4.0
7.0
10.6
2.2
8.1

6.7
12.3
4.9
4.1
6.9
10.1
2.2
8.1

6.8
13.4
5.1
4.3
7.2
9.2
2.3
7.9

7.1
12.9
5.3
4.4
7.3
10.6
2.4
8.1

7.1
13.6
5.2
4.3
7.5
10.0
2.5
8.4

7.2
12.8
5.4
4.5
7.5
9.6
2.4
8.4

7.2
13.4
5.4
4.4
7.6
10.3
2.5
8.6

7.3
13.5
5.3
4.5
7.6
10.5
2.6
8.6

7.1
13.4
5.1
4.3
7.5
9.8
2.6
8.4

6.7
12.5
4.8
3.8
6.7
10.2
2.4
8.0

6.6
6.7
13.1 12.7
4.6
4.9
3.7
4.1
6.7
6.9
10.7 11.1
2.0
2.3
7.8
7.9

4.6
3,5
2.9
5.0
6.3
9.1
6.7
10.2
7.6
13.2
8.6
4.5

4.7
3.3
2.8
5.0
7.0
8.9
6.9
9.9
6.3
13.0
8.3
4.5

4.5
3.1
3.1
4.9
6.3
9.0
6.3
10.6
6.5
13.6
8.2
4.6

4.5
3.0
3.1
5.3
6.2
9.3
7.0
10.7
7.2
12.8
8.6
4.2

4.7
3.1
3.4
5.4
6.6
9.7
7.2
11.1
8.2
13.4
8.6
4.3

4.9
3.1
3.5
5.8
7.0
9.8
7.0
11.3
8.1
14.5
8.5
3.6

4.6
3.0
3.2
5.6
6.2
9.8
6.9
11.5
8.0
14.6
8.7
4.0

4.6
3.2
3.0
5.4
6.2
9.8
6.8
11.6
8.3
14.0
9.4
4.2

4.7
3.4
3.1
5.7
6.3
9.7
7.0
11.3
8.2
13.5
9.3
5.1

4.5
3.3
3.1
5.0
6.1
9.6
7.0
11.0
8.1
13.9
9.0
6.1

4.5
3.3
3.0
5.7
6.0
8.4
6.1
9.2
7.2
12.9
8.6
4.8

4.6
4.7
3.3
3.1
2.8
3.4
5.6
5.5
6.4
6.5
8.7
8.4
6.5
6.0
9.6
9.2
7.7 6.9
12.8 13.2
8.4
7.9
6.7
5.4

7.7
15.9
7.3
7.5
7.1
4.6
8.6
6.2
4.4
11.2

7.6
15.2
7.6
7.5
7.7
4.2
8.3
6.3
4.8
11.4

7.5
14.5
7.4
7.3
7.5
5.0
8.2
6.3
4.6
12.5

7.8
16.3
7.6
7.4
7.9
5.0
8.4
6.3
4.3
11.0

8.0
17.0
7.8
7.5
8.4
5.2
8.6
6.4
4.5
11.8

8.2
16.5
8.1
7.7
8.7
4.8
8.9
6.6
4.4
10.4

8.1
15.7
8.1
7.6
8.9
5.4
8.9
6.4
3.9
11.2

8.2
15.1
8.2
8.0
8.5
5.6
8.9
6.7
4.4
11.5

8.2
15.4
8.2
7.7
8.9
5.7
9.0
6.8
4.3
13.2

7.9
14.1
8.2
8.0
8.6
5.2
8.2
6.8
4.4
14.0

7.4
14.9
6.9
6.5
7.4
4.7
8.4
6.2
4.3
12.6

7.6
7.4
15.2 14.2
7.1 6.6
7.0 6.6
7.3
7.3
4.6
5.1
8.7 8.4
6.2
6.4
4.5
4.0
13.4 13.2

Mar.

Characteristics

Total (all civilian workers)
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
White
Black and other
Household heads
Married men
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers3 . .
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.

Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force.
2

^ Includes mining, not shown separately.

Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part-time for economic reasons

A-37.

Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers In thousands]

1977

1976
Weeks of unemployment

Duration
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over . .
15 to 2 6 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks . . . .

Mar.

Apr.

2,630
1,915
2,325
870
1,455

2,988
1,902
2,103
715
1,388

16.0
100.0
38.3
27.9
33.8
12.7
21.2

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov. .

Dec.

Jan.

F.eb.

Mar.

2,795
1,978
2,042
850
1,192

2,730
2,215
2,173
902
1,271

2,931
2,093
2,247
1,058
1,189

2,867
2,433
2,341
1,127
1,214

2,852
2,426
2,311
1,118
1,193

2,952
2,367
2,360
1,094
1,266

2,759
2,494
2,517
1,188
1,329

2,765
2,319
2,514
1,130
1,384

2,762
2,083
2,283
1,038
1,245

2,804
2,107
2,182
947
1,235

3,005
2,098
1,923
111
1,146

15.8

15.1

16.9

15.6

15.4

15.4

15.3

15.5

15.6

15.5

14.7

14.0

100.0
42.7
27.2
30.1
10.2
19.8

100.0
41.0
29.0
30.0
12.5
17.5

100.0
38.4
31.1
30.5
12.7
17.9

100.0
40.3
28.8
30.9
14.6
16.4

100.0
37.5
31.8
30.6
14.7
15.9

100.0
37.6
32.0
30.5
14.7
15.7

100.0
38.4
30.8
30.7
14.2
16.5

100.0
35.5
32.1
32.4
15.3
17.1

100.0
36.4
30.5
33.1
14.9
18.2

100.0
38.7
29.2
32.0
14.6
17.5

100.0
39.5
29.7
30.8
13.4
17.4

100.0
42.8
29.9
27.4
11.1
16.3

May

Percent distribution
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 t o 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

44




. . . .

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A - 3 8 . Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
1977

1976
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

.
.

Males, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

June

July

7.3

7.6

7.8

7.9

7.8

7.9

8.0

7.8

7.3

7.5

7.3

19.3
20.9
18.2
11.9
5.1
5.3
4.6

18.5
21.7
16.5
11.3
5.1
5.3
4.3

18.4
21.2
16.2
11.5
5.4
5.6
4,7

18.2
20.8
15.9
11.4
5.9
6.0
4.9

19.6
22.1
18.0
11,9
5.6
5.9
4.8

18.8
20.6
17.5
11.7
5.8
5.9
4.8

19.0
21.3
17.5
12.6
5.7
6.0
4.6

19.2
21.6
17.6
12.7
5.6
5.9
4.6

19.0
20.7
17.7
12.5
5.5
5.9
4.2

18.7
21.1
.17.0
11.4
5.1
5.3
4.1

18.5
.19.8
17.5
12.0
5.2
5.3
4.8

18.8
22.2
16.6
11.4
5.1
5.2
4.3

6.8

6.8

6.8

7.0

7.1

7.0

7.2

7.4

7.5

7.3

6.6

6.9

6.5

19.2
21.1
18.1
12.0
4,5
4.4
4.9

20.1
21.1
19.0
11.3
4.5
4.6
4.3

19.2
22.6
17.0
11.3
4.5
4.6
4.4

18.5
21.3
16.4
11.6
4.9
5.0
4,7

18.3
20.8
16.6
12.0
'5.1
5.2
4.2

18.7
21.5
16.8
11.8
5.0
5.1
4.6

19.1
21.3
17.3
11.7
5.2
5.2
4.6

19.6
22.3
17.7
12.7
5.1
5.3
4.4

19.7
22.2
18.1
12.6
5.2
5.4

4.4

19.1
21.0
17.4
12.9
5.0
5.2
3.9

17.4
19.5
16.1
11.3
4.6
4.7
4.0

18.6
19.3
17.9
12.1
4.6
4.6
4.7

18.7
22.2
16.1
11.2
4.3
4.3
4.4

8,5

8,5

8.1

8.4

8.8

9.1

8.8

8.8

8.7

8.6

8.3

8.4

8.5

18.8
19.4
18.7
12.0
6.1
6.5
4.5

18.5
20.7
17.3
12.5
6.1
6.4
4.9

17.8
20.6
15.9
11.2
6.0
6.5
4.2

18.3
21.1
15.9
11.4
6.3
6.7

18.0
20.8
15.2
10.6
7.1
7.2
5.9

20.6
22.9
19.4
11.9
6.7
7.1
5.2

18.4
19.8
17.6
11.8
6.7
7.1
5.2

18.3
20.1
17.3
12.4
6.6
7.1
4.9

18.5
20.8
17.1
12.8
6.4
6.7
5.1

18.9
20.2
18.0
11.9
6.4
6.9
4.7

20.1
23.0
18.1
11.4
5.9
6.2
4.3

18.4
20.4
16.9
11.9
6.1
6.3
4.9

18.9
22.2
17.1
11.7
6.1
6.6
4.2

Mar.

Apr.

7.5

7.5

19.0
20.3
18.4
12.0
5.2
5.2
4.8

May

4.7

Aug.

A - 3 9 . Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1976

Reason for unemployment
Mar.

Apr.

June

May
_

_

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

July
„

1977

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

~ "1

3,472
953
2,519
775
1,861
858

3,461
990
2,471
841
1,840
888

3,506
963
2,543
892
1,775
860

3,580
1,031
2,549
895
1,813
831

3,758
1,142
2,616
957
1,879
794

3,790
1,191
2,599
994
1,941
955

3,727
1,222
2,505
934
1,912
926

3,756
1,107
2,649
936
1,927
894

3,802
1,067
2,735
858
2,061
920

3,736
1,057
2,679
831
1,957
942

3,207
791
2,416
932
1,991
905

3,396 . 3,143
1,001
865
2,395 2,278
852
919
1,963 2,013
936 1,003

100,0
49.8
13.7
36.2
11.1
26.7
12.3

100,0
49.2
14.1
35.1
12.0
26.2
12.6

100,0
49,9
13.7
36.2
12.7
25.2
12.2

100,0
50,3
14.5
35.8
12.6
25.5
11.7

100.0
15.5
35.4
13.0
25.4
10.7

100.0
49.3
15.5
33.8
12.9
25.3
12.4

100.0
49.7
16.3
33.4
12.5
25.5
12.3

100.0
50.0
14.7
35.3
12.5
25.6
11.9

100.0
49.8
14.0
35.8
11.2
27.0
12.0

100.0
50.0
14.2
35.9
11.1
26.2
12.6

100.0
45.6
11.2
34.3
13.2
28.3
12.9

100.0
47.5
14.0
33.5
11.9
27.5
13.1

100.0
44.4
12.2
32.2
13.0
28.4
14.2

3,7
.8
2.0
.9

3,7
.9
1.9
.9

3.7

3,8
.9
1.9
,9

3.9
1.0
2.0
.8

4.0
1.0
2.0
1.0

3.9
1.0
2.0
1.0

3.9
1.0
2.0
.9

4.0
.9
2.1
1.0

3.9
.9
2.0
1.0

3.4
1.0
2.1
.9

3.5
.9
2.0
1.0

3.3
1.0
2.1
1.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
. . .
.

.
.......

Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

50.9

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants




.

.

,9
1.9
.9

45

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A 40 Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

1977

1976
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and
over
16 to 19yea*s
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

. ..

....

Males, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and

1 fl

• /% 1 "7

xiaztrc

ID to i / years
1 o to iy years

1 Q

+i->

1 Q

WAO1T

Ofl tn OA waarc

25 to 54 vears
55 vears and over

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

87, 640
7, 427
2, 928
4, 452
12, 373
67, 855
54, 376
13, 406

87, 533
7, 289
2, 863
4, 391
12, 343
67, 892
54, 485
13, 419

87, 783
7, 386
2, 994
4, 386
12, 457
67, 911
54, 502
13, 410

87, 834
7, 313
2, 970
4, 346
12, 301
68, 140
54, 682
13, 506

87, 794
7, 187
2, 916
4, 319
12, 321
68, 317
54, 751
13, 566

87, 738
7, 243
2, 861
4, 380
12, 279
68, 257
54, 688
13, 599

88 ,220
7 ,239
2 ,882
4 ,356
12 ,378
68 ,533
54 ,873
13 ,644

88 ,441
7 ,242
2 ,914
4 ,332
12 ,459
68 ,762
55 ,059
13 ,702

88 ,558
7 ,266
2 ,906
4 ,396
12 ,598
68 ,759
55 ,239
13 ,564

88, 962
7, 394
3 , 017
4, 402
12, 634
68, 980
5 5 , 511
13, 538

89, 475
7, 458
2, 972
4 , 461
12, 706
69, 336
5 5 , 787
13, 530

52, 397

52, 490

52, 332

52, 507

52, 596

52, 546

52, 576

52 ,643

52 ,799

52 ,918

53, 046

53, 270

3 , 942
1, 672
2, 304
6, 770
4 1 , 692
3 3 , 346
8, 336

3 , 948
1, 573
2, 335
6, 792
4 1 , 762
3 3 , 395
8, 354

3 , 889
1, 531
2, 330
6, 720
4 1 , 722
3 3 , 324
8 , 391

3 , 963
1, 641
2, 316
6, 766
4 1 , 743
3 3 , 337
8, 402

3 , 958
1, 652
2, 308
6, 726
4 1 , 828
3 3 , 392
8, 442

3 , 845
1, 587
2, 298
6, 778
4 1 , 955
3 3 , 468
8, 464

3 , 892
1, 588
2, 301
6, 787
4 1 , 922
3 3 , 505
8, 461

3 ,870
1 ,577
2 ,289
6 ,832
41 ,931
33 ,478
8 ,460

3 ,940
1 ,622
2 ,316
6 ,879
42 ,016
33 ,529
8 ,500

3 ,957
1 ,588
2 ,381
6 ,975
41 ,993
33 ,594
8 ,449

3 , 955
1, 617
2, 358
6, 951
42, 160
3 3 , 799
8, 384

4 , 003
1, 613
2, 384
6, 988
42, 298
3 3 , 908
8, 395

34, 932

35, 150

35, 201

35, 276

35, 238

35, 248

35, 162

35 ,577

35 ,642

35 ,640

35, 916

36, 205

3 , 423
1, 353
2, 070
5, 691
26, 168
2 1 , 165
5, 008

3 , 355
1, 318
2, 038
5, 575
26, 312
2 1 , 290
5, 064

3 , 342
1, 329
2, 021
5, 543
26, 362
2 1 , 283
5, 102

3 , 351
1, 273
2, 079
5, 492
26, 335
21 183
5 138

3 ,369
1 ,305
2 ,067
5 ,546
26 ,602
21 ,395
5 ,184

3 ,302
1 ,292
2 ,016
5 ,580
26 ,746
21 ,530
5 ,202

3 ,309
1 ,318
2 ,015
5 ,623
26 ,766
21 ,645
5 ,115

3 , 439
1, 400
2, 044
5, 683
26, 820
21, 712
5 154

3 , 455
1, 359
2, 077
5, 718
27, 038
2 1 , 879
5, 135

Apr.

86, 845
7 230
l\ 913
4, 283
12, 106
67, 502
54, 093
13, 387

87, 329
7, 328
3, 014
4, 350
12, 269
67, 730
54, 306
13, 388

52, 078
3 , 877
1, 568
2, 290
6, 648
4 1 , 549
33, 263
8, 276
34, 767
3 , 353
1, 345
1, 993
5, 458
25, 953
20, 830
5 111

16 to 19 years • .

June

Mar.

3 , 386
1, 342
2, 046
5, 499
26, 038
20, 960
5, 052

May

3 , 479
1, 355
2, 117
5, 581
' 26, 093
20, 981
5 052

3 , 400
1, 332
2, 061
5, 623
26, 170
21, 161
5, 028

1

A-41. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands)

1977

1976
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Males, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over.
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 vears •
16 to 17 years .
18 to 19 years . . .
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

46




...
....

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

7,017
1,699
743
964
1,645
3,667
2,996
671

7,047
1,758
798
969
1,654
3,673
3,049
640

6,911
1,690
811
879
1,572
3,646
3,064
606

7,171
1,645
771
846
1,606
3,909
3,254
657

7,406
1,641
786
832
1,598
4,229
3,495
685

7,517
1,778
843
956
1,657
4,075
3,438
688

7,448
1,664
758
913
1,639
4,180
3,448
688

7,564
1,703
.776
930
1,767
4,106
3,470
652

7,651
1,718
792
930
1,802
4,102
3,438
664

7,519
1,702
760
930
1,779
4,027
3,449
608

6,958
1,668
777
901
1,617
3,681
3,090
583

7,183
1,677
746
931
1,722
3,766
3,088
679

7,064
1,725
847
886
1,638
3,689
3,086
608

3,798

3,812

3,830

3,931

4,020

3,968

4,060

4,178

4,244

4,152

3,714

3,904

3,712

924
419
505
903
1,976
1,546
428

990
447
540
866
1,987
1,606
379

937
459
478
869
1,984
1,613
387

882
415
456
882
2,158
1,742
411

889
430
461
921
2,221
1,847
372

908
452
467
903
2,189
1,813
408

910
429
481
899
2,282
1,830
410

950
455
496
990
2,236
1,862
385

951
449
505
987
2,281
1,902
387

933
432
487
1,022
2,194
1,853
349

833
384
457
892
2,002
1,656
354

903
387
515
958
2,034
1,616
414

918
459
459
879
1,919
1,534
385

3,219

3,235

3,081

3,240

3,386

3,549

3,388

3,386

3,407

3,367

3,244

3,279

3,352

775
324
459
742
1,691
1,450
243

768
351
429
788
1,686
1,443
261

753
352
401
703
1,662
1,451
219

763
356
390
724
1,751
1,512
246

752
356
371
677
2,008
1,648
313

870
391
489
754
1,886
1,625
280

754
329
432
740
1,898
1,618
278

753
321
434
111
1,870
1,608
267

767
343
425
815
1,821
1,536
277

769
- 328
443
757
1,833
1,596
259

835
393
444
725
1,679
1,434
229

774
359
416
764
1,732
1,472
265

807
388
427
759
1,770
1,552
223

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-42. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
[in thousands]

1976

1977

Selected categories

Apr.
Total employed
Household heads
Married men, spouse present . . . .
Married women, spouse present . .

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

86,845

87,329

87,640

87,533

87,783

87,834

87,794

87,738

88,220

88,441

88,588

88,962

89,475

50,948
38,134
20,084

51,151
38,225
20,113

51,170
38,196
20,300

51,132
38,122
20,334

51,038
38,146
20,353

51,120
38,179
20,402

51,185
38,140
20,470

51,159
37,989
20,384

51,356
37,895
20,482

51,525
37,998
20,498

51,710
38,195
20,511

51,729
38,159
20,756

51,970
38,294
20,963

,369
,182

43,431
13,067

43,757
13,236

43,583
13,363

43,503
13,291

43,731
13,471

44,023
13,581

44,207
13,427

44,297
13,597

44,648
13,544

44,521
13,444

44,451
13,408

44,495
13,439

,279
,401
,507
,853
,139
,159

9,382
5,458
15,524
29,118
11,189
10,190

9,210
5,539
15,772
29,066
11,259
10,192

9,230
5,467
15,523
29,132
11,268
10,257

9,226
5,442
15,544
29,100
10,131

9,309
5,504
15,447
28,912
11,286
10,015

9,446
5,555
15,441
28,745
11,340
9,820

9,436
5,551
15,793
28,921
11,352
9,885

9,491
5,597
15,612
29,001
11,353
9,970

9,564
5,815
15,725
29,150
11,302
10,231

9,613
5,633
15,831
29,636
11,626
10,341

9,502
5,815
15,726
29,917
11,668
10,341

9,543
5,617
15,896
29,944
11,709
10,574

,245
,310
,810
,758

3,299
4,440
11,930
2,918

3,296
4,319
12,034
2,839

3,365
4,242
12,058
2,826

3 ,275
4 ,365
12,178
2,861

3,266
4,345
12,265
2,913

3,275
4,310
12,165
2,772

3,258
3,297
4,420
4,387
11,972 12,026
2,829 i 2,743

3,283
4,334
11,880
2,791

3,358
4,309
11,874
2,624

3,448
4,450
12,017
2,663

3,487
4,255
12,272
2,652

1,354
1,327
| 1,585 1,641
364
| 299

1,297
1,664
357

1,317
1,671
342

1,306
1,686
336

[77,470 77,823
| 1,319 1,337
14,939 14,806
61,212 61,680
5,647
5,617
450
465

78,070
1,303
14,858
61,909
5,759
463

78,117
1,389
14,899
61,829
5,642
453

78 ,250
1,433
14 ,942
61 ,875
5,640
447

78,423
1,384
15,262
61,777
5,661
444

78,440
1,400
15,143
61,897
5,701
433

78,498 j 78,766 78,957
1,377 1,448
1,384
14,998 I 15,045 14,967
62,123 62,273 62,606
5,632
5,771
5,798
448
449
460

79,205
1,391
15,013
62,801
5,853
419

79,520
1,317
14,913
63,290
5,854
516

79,869
1,313
14,923
63,633
5,919
536

Occupation

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators,
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment
operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers .

Major industry and class
of worker

Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers .
Self-employed workers . .
Unpaid family workers . .
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers .
Private households . . .
Government
Other
Self-employed workers . .
Unpaid family workers . .

1,339 1,309
1,310
1,700 j 1,608 1,671
352
344
343

1,285
1,627
342

1,380
1,530
340

1,246 ! 1,280
1,282
1,490 | 1,511 1,513
354
338
319

!
Persons at work

Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons .
Usually work full time . . . .
Usually work part time . . . .
Part time for noneconomic
reasons

78,319
64,517
3,173
1,231
1,942

77,632
63,853
3,194
1,307
1,887

78,960
64,877
3,287
1,438
1,849

79,331
64,858
3,150
1,326
1,824

79 ,257
65 ,261
3 ,136
1,311
1,825

78,991
64,687
3,178
1,350
1,828

79,796
64,965
3,376
1,378
1,998

79,469
64,955
3,448
1,339
2,109

79,940
65,385
3,545
1,289
2,256

80,369
65,846
3,454
1,234
2,220

79,832
65,700
3,320
1,112
2,208

80,837
66,1^4
3,438
1,335
2,103

81,330
66,659
3,276
1,212
2,064

10,766

10,629 110,585

10,796

11,323

10,860

11,126

11,455

11,066

11,010

11,069

10,812

11,395

1
1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons
as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.




47

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A 43. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years of age
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status

VETERANS

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
1976

Feb.
1977

Mar.
1977

Mar.
1976

Nov.
1976

Dec.
1976

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

1977

1Q77

1Q77

6,647
6,228
5,675
553
8.9

6,854
6,521
5,924
597
9.2

6,857
6,469
5,925
544
8.4

6,647
6,235
5,787
448
7.2

6,797
6,436
5,891
545
8.5

6,828
6,456
5,918
538
8.3

6,847
6,486
5,995
491
7 6

6,854
6,512
6,059
453
7.0

6,857
6,486
6,045
441
6 8

1,103
933
760
173
18.5

1,085
985
774
211
21.4

1,080
940
756
184
19.6

1,103
943
791
152
16.1

1,083
965
803
162
16.8

1,089
956
795
161
16.8

1,086
964
802
162
16.8

1,085
977
823
154
15.8

1,080
949
787
162
17.1

3,382
3,205
2,944
261

3,109
2,956
2,704
252

3,077
2,911
2,672'
239

3,382
3,198
2,987
211

3,186
3,021
2,760
261

3,165
3,010
2,749
261

3,141
2,972
2,736
236

3,109
2,945
2,748
197

3,077
2,906
2,713
193

8.1

8.5

8.2

6.6

8.6

8.7

7.9

6.7

6.6

2,162
2,090
1,971

2,660
2,580
2,446

2,700
2,618
2,497

2,162
2,094
2,009

2,528
2,450
2,328

2,574
2,490
2,374

2,620
2,550
2,547

2,660
2,590
2,488

2,700
2,631
2,545

119
5.7

134
5.2

121
4.6

85
4.1

122
5.0

116
4.7

93
3.6

102
3.9

86
3.3

16,495
14,614
13,255
1,359
9.3

17,191
15,404
13,809
1,595
10.4

17,264
15,472
14,090
1,382
8.9

16,495
14,837
13,627
1,210
8.2

17,008
15,487
14,053
1,434
9.3

17,036
15,562
14,141
1,421
9.1

17,116
15,460
14,198
1,262
8.2

17,191
15,674
14,327
1,347
8.6

17,264
15,717
14,483
1,234

7,833
6,444
5,613
831
12.9

8,036
6,720
5,807
913
13.6

8,056
6,738
5,944
794
11.8

7,833
6,622
5,868
754
11.4

7,989
6,878
6,046
832
12.1

7,981
6,948
6,083
865
12.4

8,018
6,905
6,174
731
10.6

8,036
6,956
6,151
805
11.6

8,056
6,932
6,211

4,851
4,524
4,218

5,239
4,921
4,465

5,268
4,970
4,582

5,175
4,884
4,499

5,188
4,882
4,529

5,211
4,849
4,475

5,239
4,952
4,589

5,268
5,029
4,676

306
6.8

456
9.3

388
7.8

4,851
4,583
4,305
278
6.1

385
7.9

353
7.2

374
7.7

363
7.3

353
7.0

3,811
3,646
3,424

3,916
3,763
3,537

3,940
3,764
3,564

3,844
3,725
3,508

3,867
3,732
3,529

3,887
3,706
3,549

3,916
3,766
3,587

3,940
3,756
3,596

222
6.1

226
6.0

200
5.3

3,811
3,632
3,454
178
4.9

217
5.8

203
5.4

157
4.2

179
4.8

160
4.3

1

Total, 20 to 34 years.
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Fmoloyed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

.

. .

20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
NONVETERANS
Tots!, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

7.9

20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

.

721

10.4

25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

..

Unemployment rate
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

' Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5, 1964, and April 30,1975.

2

Since seasonal variations are not present in the population figures, identical numbers

appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

48




HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A 44. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

1977

1976

1975

1974
Employment status

II

III

II

IV

III

II

IV

III

IV

TOTAL
149,860 150,500 151,141 151,809 152,440 153,056 153,820 154,477 155,115 155,717 156,368 156,990
Total noninstitutional population1
2,147
2,141
2,144
2,256
2,185
2,196
2,228
2,144
2,159
2,180
2,212
2,219
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ... 147,605 148,272 148,923 149,596 150,244 150,872 151,640 152,319 152,971 153,576 154,224 154,843
90,500 90,697 91,274 91,661 91,865 92,531 93,026 93,103 93,644 94,544 95,261 95,711
Civilian labor force
61.8
61.8
61.6
61.2
61.3
61.2
61,3
61.1
61.3
61.3
61.1
61.3
Percent of civilian population .
85,944 86,043 86,139 85,577 84,392 84,406 85,028 85,247 86,514 87,501 87,804 88,133
Employed
56.1
56.2
56.2
57.3
55.8
55.2
55.1
55.4
56.4
57,0
57,2
55.3
Percent of total population...
3,272
3,348 3,328
3,720 3,479
3,320 3,239
3,430 3,388 3,308
3,453
3,393
Agriculture
84,861
84,476
84,153
82,224 82,564 82,709 82,190 81,084 81,013 81,576 81,928 83,275
Nonagricultural industries
7,578
7,457
7,043
7,855
7,998
4,653
7,130
7,473 8,126
6,083
5,136
4,556
Unemployed
7.9
7.8
7.4
8.4
8.6
8.8
5.1
7.6
8.1
6.6
5.6
5.0
Unemployment rate

157,582
2,136
155,446
96,067
61.8
88,998
56.5
3,099
85,900
7,068
7.4

Males, 20 years and over

64,642 64,904 65,238 65,543 65,827 66,090
62,911 63,181 63,510 63,828 64,139 64,400
50,552 50,826 51,097 51,038 51,012 51,401
79.8
80.0
79.5
80.5
80.4
80.4
47,399 47,253 47,511 47,526 48,074 48,480
73.4
72.5
73.0
72.8
72.8
73.3
2,414
2,331
2,381
2,451
2,425
2,431
44,968 44,829 45,061 45,145 45,743 46,066
2,921
2,938
3,512
3,573 3,586
3,153
5.7
5.8
6.9
7.0
6.2
7.0

66,385
64,690
51,741
80.0
48,628
73.3
2,388
46,240
3,114
6.0

66,711
65,014
52,019
80.0
48,772
73.1
2,297
46,475
3,247
6.2

67,023
65,338
51,998
79.6
49,106
73.3
2,216
46,891
2,892
5.6

72,839
72,754
34,097
46.9
31,673
43.5
2,424
7.1

73,169
73,080
34,530
47.2
31,881
43.6
2,649
7.7

73,468
73,378
34,743
47.3
32,120
43.7
2,624
7.6

73,746
73,653
35,006
47.5
32,519
44.1
2,486
7.1

16,471 16,524 16,572 16,621 16,679 16,720 16,754 16,788 16,815 16,812
16,093 16,141 16,168 16,226 16,298 16,351 16,376 16,422 16,454 16,451
8,990 8,949
9,046
8,886
8,824 8,751
8,814
8,890 8,791
8,787
54.4
54.6
55.1
53.5
54.3
54.1
54.3
54.4
55.1
54.6
7,241
7,295
7,348
7,038
7,179
7,040
7,025
7,064
7,318
7,355
43.1
43.4
43.8
42.8
42.1
42.2
42.3
42.6
44.3
44.7
1,708
1,694
1,698
1,706
1,712
1,784
1,727
1,572
1,789
1,432
19.1
18.8
18.8
19.2
19.6
20.2
17.7
20.3
19.6
16.3

16,813
16,454
7,063
55.1
7,373
43.9
1,690
18.6

132,487 133,006 133,520 134,051 134,556 135,046 135,585 136,104 136,611 137,087 137,602 138,105
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1. . , 130,562 131,110 131,640 132,187 132,718 133,220 133,764 134,302 134,823 135,303 135,823 136,326
80,120 80,395 80,917 81,318 81,469 82,055 82,418 82,505 82,884 83,644 84,323 84,727
Civilian labor force
62.2
61.8
62.1
61.4
61.6
61.5
61.6
61.4
61.5
61.5
61.3
61.4
Percent of civilian population .
76,504 76,664 76,796 76,439 75,394 75,402 75,925 76,115 77,166 77,993 78,314 78,620
Employed
56.9
56.9
56.9
55.9
56.0
56.5
55.8
57.6
56.0
57.0
57.5
57.7
Percent of total population...
6,107
5,651
6,010
6,390 5,718
6,493
6,653
6,075
4,879
4,121
3,731
3,616
Unemployed
7.2
6.8
7.1
7.7
6.9
7.9
8.1
7.5
6.0
5.1
4.6
4.5
Unemployment rate

138,574
136,812
85,061
62.2
79,373
57.3
5,688
6.7

Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries . . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

63,538
61,713
50,299
81.5
48,600
76.5
2,651
45,949
1,699
3.4

63,800
61,998
50,218
81.0
48,495
76.0
2,494
46,001
1,723
3.4

64,073 64,372
62,285 62,599
50,356 50,612
80.8
80.9
48,438 48,186
75.6
74.9
2,496
2,462
45,942 45,724
1,918
2,426
3.8
4.8

Females, 20 years and over

Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

69,984 70,292 70,593 70,913 71,226 71,531 71,904
69,938 70,244 70,545 70,856 71,165 71,465 71,831
31,356 31,713 32,131 32,159 32,522 32,891 33,105
46.1
46.0
45.7
45.4
44.8
45.1 , 4 5 - 5
29,798 30,123 30,346 30,074 29,929 30,128 30,477
42.4
42.1
42.0
42.4
43.0
42.6
42.9
2,628
2,763
1,786
2,593
2,085
1,558
1,590
7.9
8.4
5.6
8.0
6.5
5.0
5.0

72,214
72,140
33,314
46.2
30,683
42.5
2,631
7.9

72,535
72,456
33,746
46.6
31,261
43.1
2,485
7.4

Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

16,339 16,407
15,954 16,030
8,766
8,845
55.4
54.7
7,426
7,546
46.2
45.3
1,340
1,299
15.3
14.7

White

Black and other

Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

17,373
17,042
10,347
60.7
9,406
54.1
942
9.1

17,494 17,621 17,758 17,884 18,010 18,235
17,163 17,282 17,410 17,526 17,652 17,876
10,269 10,343 10,390 10,393 10,457 10,617
59.2
59.4
59.3
59.7
59.8
59.8
9,000 8,973
9,121
9,179
9,336
9,344
49.8
50.0
50.3
51.7
53.4
53.0
1,484
1,496
1,212
1,393
1,008
925
14.2
14.1
13.4
11.7
9.7
9.0

The population and A r m e d Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations.




18,374 18,504 18,631 18,766 18,885
18,017 18,148 18,273 18,401 18,517
10,657 10,773 10,855 10,918 11,044
59.6
59.3
59.4
59.4
59.1
9,562
9,485
9,360 9,454
9,179
50.6
50.5
50.7
50.6
50.0
1,483
1,432
1,401
1,413
1,478
13.4
13.1
12.9
13.1
13.9

19,008
18,634
11,099
59.6
9,678
50.9
1,421
12.8

NOTE: Detail for the household data shown in tables A 4 4 through A-53 and A-60 w i l l not
necessarily add to totals, because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

49

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A 45. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

Full- and part-time employment
status, sex, and age

II

I

IV

III

II

I

1977

1976

1975

1974

III

II

I

IV

III

I

IV

FULL TIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate

,

. . . .

Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16-19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
PART TIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16-19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

.

77, 363
73, 866

77, 598
74, 011

77, 989 78, 438
74, 006 73, 603




79, 652 80, 025
73, 175 74, 308

3, 497

3 , 588

3 , 983

4 , 835

6 , 079

6 , 722

6 , 605

6 , 477

5, 717

4.5

4.6

5.1

6.2

7.7

8.5

8.3

8.1

7.1

822
46 285
537

47, 793
46,
1 , 569

3.2

3.3

24 533

2 4 , 835

322

57?

797

211

4.9

1 t ?63
5.1

5 007
4 ,259
749

4 7 , 87? 4 8 , 091
45 848
46,
243
1 ,749

3.7

4.7

2 5 , 193 25, 315

4 8 , on 4 8 , 207 4 8 , 492
4 5 , 064 4 4 , 880 4 5 , 118
2 , 946 3, 327 3 , 374

6.1

6.9

7.0

2 5 , 732 2 5 , 887 2 5 , 961

80, 657 8 1 , 053
74, 981 75, 033

8 1 , 710
75, 553

8 1 , 917
76, 375

5 , 676

6 , 020

6 , 157

5 , 542

7.0

7.4

7.5

6.8

4 8 , 792 4 9 , 209
4 6 , 110 46 291
2 , 682 2 918

4 9 , 442
4 6 , 409
3 , 033

4 8 , 562 4 8 , 479
4 5 , 262 45, 774
3 , 299 2 , 705

6.8

5.9

6.1

4 9 , 325
4 6 , 675
2 , 650
5.4

26, 901 27 031
24, 920 24 902
1, 982 2 129
7.4
7.9

27, 401
25, 258

27, 616
25, 661

2 , 143

1 955

7.8

7.1
4 975
4 038
937
]L8.8

5.5

5.6

26, 330 26, 636
24, 158 24, 615

633

619

590

805

1 1 397
5.5

1 68?

2 113

? ?97

? 157

173

2 021

6.6

8.2

8.9

8.3

8.3

7.6

4 , 970
4, 215
755

4 , 924
4 , 086
838

5 031
4 122
909

4 , 821
3 801
1 020

4 926
3 828
1 098

4 836
3 762
1 074

4 , 760
3 , 755
1 005

4 911
3 920
991

4 , 964
3 , 951
1 , 013

4 ,813
3 ,841
973

4 , 867
3 , 886
981

15,0

15.2

17.0

L8.1

21.2

22.3

22.2

21.1

20.2

20.4

20.2

20.2

13 ,167
12 ,113
1 ,054
8.0

13,123
12,039
1,085
8.3

13,903 14 ,291
12,518 12 ,855
1,386 1 ,435
10.0
10.0

14,006
12,578
1,428
10.2

14 224
12 702
1 ,522

2 ,470
2 ,309
160

2 ,417
2 ,261
156

2 485
2 312
173

2 ,524
2 ,343
181

2 ,535
2 ,332
202

2 ,602
2 ,365
23/

2 ,641
2 ,415
227

2 ,495
2 ,271
224

2 ,543
2 ,309
233

2,597
2 ,35/

2,585
2 ,3/1

240

2 ,547
2 ,337
210

6.5

6.4

7.0

7f2

8.0

9.1

8.6

9.0

9.2

9.3

8.2

8.3

2 ,696
2 ,452
243
9.0

6 ,837
6 ,438

6 ,827
6 ,357

7 ,001
6 ,516

7 ,147
6 ,682

6 ,989
6 ,523

7 ,151
6 ,699

6 ,725

,186

1 ,485
6 ,974

7 ,342
6 ,857

399
5.8

471
6.9

485
6.9

465
6.5

465
6.7

452
6.3

461
6.4

511
6.8

485
6.6

3 ,945
3 ,235
709

3 ,927
3 ,236
691

4 ,061
3 ,356
704

3 ,976
3 ,267
708

3 ,965
3 ,246
720

4 ,120
3 ,436
684

4 ,259
3 ,544
715

4 ,079
3 ,350
729

18.C

17.6

17.3

17.8

18.1

16.6

16.8

17.9

6

,834

6

867

13,231 13 ,250
12,083 12 ,006
1,148 1 ,245
9,4
8.7

6 ,925

6 ,545

6 ,490

6 ,523

344
5.0

344

381

5.0

5.5

3 ,314
550

3
3 *254
58S

3
3 ??7
59/

3 ,889
3 225
664

14.2

15.2

15.!

17.1

,864

1
Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included in the full-time employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full- or part-time work.

50

78, 564 79, 021 79, 289
72, 485 72, 299 72, 684

13,307 13,530 13,849
11,924 12,117 12,453
1,382 1,413 1,396
L0.1
L0.4
L0.4

13,400 13,659
12,062 12,254
1,398 1,405
10.3
L0.4

•

7

214

10./

7 ,434
6 ,913
521
7.0

4 ,094
3 ,336
758
18.5

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-46. Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
1974

1975

1977

1976

Characteristics
I

II

III

IV

I

II

III

IV

I

II

III

IV

I

WHITE
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

80 ,120
76 ,504
3 ,616
4.5

80 ,395
76 ,664
3 ,731
4.6

80,917
76,796
4,121
5.1

81 ,318
76 ,439
4 ,879
6.0

81 ,469
75 ,394
6 ,075
7.5

82 ,055
75 ,402
6 ,653
8.1

82 ,418
75 ,925
6 ,493
7.9

82,505
76,115
6,390
7.7

82 ,884
77 ,166
5 ^718
6.9

83 ,644
77 ,993
5 ^651
6.8

84 ,323
78 314
6 !.oio
7.1

84,727
78 620
6*. 107
7.2

85,061
79 373
5',688

Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

45 ,054
43 ,682
1 ,372
3,0

45 ,062
43 ,658
1 ,404
3.1

45,220
43,636
1,584
3,5

45 ,465
43 ,483
1 ,982
4.4

45 ,340
42 752
2 ,589
5.7

45 ,646
42 ,690
2 ,956
6,5

45 ,797
42 ,839
2 ,958
6,5

45,777
42,912
2*864
6.3

45 ,738
43 ,368
2 *369
5.2

46 ,058
675
2 *,384
5.2

46 ,377
43 800
2 *577
5.6

,46,617
43 989
2*629
5.6

46,512
44,164
2,348

Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

27 ,179
25 ,947
1 ,232
4.5

27 ,507
26 ,231
1 ,276
4.6

27,863
26,437
1,426
5.1

27 ,917
26 ,244
1 ,673
6.0

28 ,263
26 ,144
2 ,119
7.5

28 ,552
26 ,296
2 ,256
7.9

28 ,717
26 ,624
2 ,093
7.3

28,917
26,765
2,151
7.4

29 ,202
27 ,228
1 ,973
6.8

29 ,485
27 ,555
1 ,930
6.5

29 ,877
27 ,787
2 ,090
7.0

30,088
27,978
2,109
7.0

30,307
28,367
1,939

7 ,886
6 ,875
1 ,011
12.8

7 ,826
6 ,775
1 ,051
13.4

7,834
6,723
1,111
14.2

7 ,936
6 ,712
1 ,224
15.4

7 ,866
6 ,499
1 ,368
17.4

7 ,857
6 ,416
1 ,441
18.3

7 ,905
6 ,462
1 ,442
18.2

7,812
6,437
1,375
17.6

7 ,944
6 ,569
1 ,375
17.3

8 ,101
6 ,763
1 ,338
16.5

8 ,069
6 ,726
1 ,343
16.6

8,022
6,653
1,369
17.1

8,243
6,842
1,401
17.0

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

10 ,347
9 ,406
942
9.1

10 ,269
9 ,344
925
9.0

10,343
9,336
1,008
9.7

10 ,390
9 ,179
1 ,212
11.7

10 ,393
9 ,000
1 ,393
13.4

10 ,457
8 ,973
1 ,484
14.2

10 ,617
9 ,121
1 ,496
14.1

10,657
9,179
1,478
13.9

10 ,773
9 ,360
1 ,413
13.1

10 ,855
9 ,454
1 ,401
12.9

10 ,918
9 ,485
1 ,432
13.1

11,044
9,562
1,483

13.4

11,099
9,678
1,421
12.8

Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5 ,214
4 ,889
325
6.2

5 ,159
4 ,839
320
6.2

5,138
4,797
340
6.6

5 ,168
4 ,728
439
8.5

5 ,183
4 ,624
559
10.8

5 ,186
4 ,565
621
12.0

5 ,309
4 ,668
641
12.1

5,285
4,642
642
12.2

5 ,254
4 ,689
565
10.7

5 ,346
4 ,804
542
10.1

5 ,367
4 ,819
548
10.2

5,427
4,815

5,498
4,958

612

11.3

540
9.8

Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

4 ,173
3 ,846
327
7.8

4 ,187
3 ,869
318
7.6

4,250
3,903
347
8.2

4 ,267
3 ,842
425
10.0

4 ,276
3 ,805
471
11.0

4 ,327
3 ,811
516
11.9

4 ,369
3 ,853
515
11.8

4,430
3,932
498
11.2

4 ,571
4 ,059
512
11.2

4 ,591
4 ,087
503
11.0

4 ,624
4 ,087
537
11.6

4,681
4,151

4,719
4,171

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

960
671
290
30.2

923
635
287
31.1

956
635
320
33.5

956
608
348
36.4

934
572
362
38.8

944
597
347
36.7

939
600
340
36.2

943
605
338
35.9

948
612
336
35.4

919
563
356
38.8

927
579
348
37.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6.7

5.0

6.4

BLACK AND OTHER




530

548

11.3

11.6

936

882

595
341
36.4

549
333
37.8

51

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-47. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
[Unemployment rates]

1974

1975

1976

1977

Selected categories

I

II

III

IV

I

II

III

IV

I

II

III

IV

I

CHARACTERISTICS
Total (all civilian workers)
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes 16-19 years

5.0

5.1

5.6

6.6

8,1

8.8

8.6

8.4

7.6

7.4

7.8

7.9

7.4

3,4
5.0

3.4
5.0

3.8
5.6

4.8
6.5

6.2
8.0

7.0
8.4

7.0
7.9

6.9
7.9

5.8
7.4

5.7
7.1

6.0
7.7

6.2
7.6

5.6
7.1

14.7

15.3

16.3

17.7

19.6

20.3

20.2

19.6

19.2

18.8

19.1

18.6

4.5
9.1

4.6
9.0

5.1
9.7

2.9
2.6
2.3
5.3
5.0
6.5
3,7

3.0
2.5
2.3
5.2
5.3
6.6
4.2

3.3
2.9
2.7
4.9
5.3
6.7
4.0

4.1
3.8
3.4
7.1
6.5

Full-time workers

2,3
4.5

2.3
4.6

Part-time workers

8.0

Unemployed 15 weeks and over 1

.9
5.5

White
Black and other
Household heads total
Males

.

.

With relatives
Without relatives
Females
With relatives

. . . .

....

Without relatives .
Married men, spouse present

Labor force timp lost ^

18.8

6.0

7.5

7.9

7.7

6.9

6.8

7.1

7.2

6.7

11.7

13.4

14.2

14.1

13.9

13.1

12.9

13.1

13.4

12.8

6.0
5.7
5.4
8.9
7.7
9.9
5.6

5.9
5.7
5.2
9.3
7.5

4.9
4.5
4.0
8.7
6.8
9.2
4.6

5.3
4.8
4.3
8.6
7.9

5.3
4.9
4.4
8.7
7.7

10.6

10.3

5.0

5.4
5.0
4.7
8.5
7.3
9.4
5.3

5.4

5.3

4.8
4.3
3.8
8.0
7.1
9.3
5.0

2.8
5.1

3.5
6.2

4.7
7.7

4.1
7.0

4.4
7.4

4.4
7.5

3.9
6.8

8.3

8.7

9.4

1.0
5.6

1.0
6.2

1,3
7.2

3.0

3.1

3.4

3.7

2,1
1,6
3.9
4.3
5.8
3.8

2.1
1.7
4.1

4.3
5.9
3.8

2.3
1.8
4.0

7.0
4.5
8.8
5.8
2.3

7.1
4.9
9.3
6.2
2.5

8,3
4,9

5.1
8.9
4.9
4,7
5.2
2.9
5.9
4.4

5.2
9.7
4.9
4,5
5.3
3.0
6.2
4.3

2.7
6.8

3.0
7.1

8.1

5.1

6.0

5.0
4.6
4.1
8.5
7.7
9.9
5.5

5.5
8.5

5.4
8.3

5.1
8.1

4.1
7.1

10,4

10.4

10.1

2.0
8.9

2.8
9.4

3.1
9.1

3.1
9.0

4.5

5.0

4.7

4.8

10.2

5.8
5.5
5.0
9.9
8.1
10.4

10.4

10.3

10.0

10.0

10.2

2.7
8.2

2.2
8.0

2.4
8.3

2.6
8.5

10.7
2.2
7.9

4.6

4.6

4.7

4.6

4.6

3.3
2.9
5.5

3.1
3.0
5.1

3.1
3.4
5.6

3.3
3.1
6.0

3.2
3.0
5.6

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers . .

.

Craft and kindred workers
. . .
Operatives except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

2.3
5.0

2.9
5.6

3.1
6.0

3.1
5.6

3.0
6.0

5.0
8.6
5.6
10.9

6.2
11.1
7.4
14.4

6,9
12.6
8.9
16.0

6.6
12.1
8.8
14.9

6.6
11.2
8.0
13.3

6.3
9.3
6.8
10.4

6.5
9.0
6.7
10.4

6.6
9.8
7.0
11.3

6.2
9.7
7.0
11.3

6.2

7.5

8.4

9.2

9.2

7.9

6.7

8.1

8.2

9.3
7.2

10.6

12.0

14.8

16.4

15.9

15.7

13.8

13.2

14.2

13.8

13.0

6.4
2.8

6.9
2.6

7.9
3.5

8.5
3.3

8.9
3.5

9.0
3.9

8.8
4.2

8.4
4.4

8.6
4.0

4.8
6.8
4.5

9.2
5.1

6.3
8.5
6.2

8.3
5.6

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

3

......

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

5.8

7.0

8.8

9.7

9.3

9.0

7.9

7.6

10.9

13.6

16.8
10,6
10.6
10.6

20.1
11.9
12.3
11.3

19.1
11.2
12.0
10.0

17.5
10.1
10.5

15.8

15.3

5.5
8.3
6.3

6.1
8.8
6.7

5.7
8.8
6.5

9.6
5.2
9.1
6,9

7.8
7.9
7.7
4.7
8.6
6.5

7.5
7.4
7.7
4.7
8.3
6.3

3.6
10.1

4.1
10.1

4.1
10.2

4.2
11.0

4.4
11.0

4.5
11.6

5.8
5.2
6.6
3.4
6.5
4.7

7.7
7,5
8.1
3.8
7.3
5.2

3.0
7.5

3.3
7.8

Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part-time for economic reasons

52




as percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3

Includes mining, not shown separately.

8.1
16.4

8.1
14.9

7.4
14.8

8.0
7.6
8.7
5.1
8.8
6.5

8.2
7.9
8.7
5.5
8.7
6.8

6.9
6.5
7.4
4.8
8.5
6.3

4.3
11.1

4.4
12.9

4.3
13.1

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A 48.

Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

1977

1976

1975

1974
Weeks of unemployment

II

I

III

IV

2,921
1,956
1,190

I

II

III

IV

2,824
2,355
2,875
1,427
1,448
15.5

2,758
2,340
2,888
1,288
1,600
16.4

2,634
1,957
2,546
1,001
1,545
16.4

2,838
2,032
2,106

100.0
35.1
29.2
35.7
17.7
18.0

100.0
34.5
29.3
36.2
16.1
20.0

100.0
36.9
27.4
35.7
14.0
21.6

I

IV

III

II

I

Duration
Less than 5 weeks . .
5 t o 14 weeks
15 weeks and over .
15 t o 2 6 weeks
27 weeks and over

....

Average (mean) duration in weeks

....

2,361
1,375

2,409
1,418

2,592
1,583

811
483
328

868
519
349

947
574
373

9.6

9.7

9.7

9.9

11.3

2,934
2,569
2,553
1,462
1,091
13.9

100.0
51.9
30.2
17.8
10.6
7.2

100.0
51.3
30.2
18.5
11.1
7.4

100.0
50.6
30.9
18.5
11.2
7.3

100.0
48.1
32.2
19.6
12.1
7.5

100.0
41.3
34.4
24.3
14.8
9.5

100.0
36.4
31.9
31.7
18.1
13.5

733
456

3,071
2,557
1,803
1,098
705

2,857
2,096
2,129

1,284
15.9

2,883
2,317
2,300
1,101
1,199
15.5

2,825
2,393
2,464
1,137
1,326
15.5

1,209
14.7

100.0
40.7
29.1
30.2
11.8
18.4

100.0
38.4
30.9
30.7
14.7
16.0

100.0
36.8
31.2
32.1
14.8
17.3

100.0
40.3
29.6
30.1
13.0
17.1

822

921

Percent distribution
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

A-49.

. ..

Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
1977

1976

1975

1974
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Males, 16 years and over . .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years .
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over




...

I

II

III

IV

I

5.0

5.1

5.6

6.6

8.1

16.3
18.3
14.9

14.7
17.7
12.5

15.3
17.6
13.5

8.2

8.3

9.3

3.2
3.3
2.7

3.2
3.4
2.6

3.6
3.7
3.1

17.7
19.9
16.0
10.6
4.5
4.7
3.4

19.6
21.2
18.5
13.1
5.7
6.0
4.4

II

III

IV

8.8

8.6

8.4
19.6
21.0
18.5
13.7
6.1
6.3
5.0

20.3 20.2
21.2 22.0
19.5 18.9
14.0 13.8
6.2
6.4
6.5
6.8
4.8
4.9

I

II

III

IV

7.6

7.4

7.8

7.9

7.4

19.2
20.9
18.1
12.2
5.3
5.4
4.6

18.8
21.3
17.0
11.6
5.2
5.4
4.5

19.1
21.2
17.6
12.6
5.6
5.9
4.5

18.6
21.0
17.0
11.6
5.1
5.3
4.4

18.8
21.2
17.1
11.7
5.8
6.0
4.8

8.2

7.9

6.9

6.9

7.1

7.4

6.6

20.8 20.4
21.9 22.4
19.9 19.0
14.8 15.0

19.4
20.6
18.6
14.3

19.4
21.1
18.3
12.3

19.3
21.7
17.5
11.4

18.7
21.2
16.9
11.8

19.5
21.8
17.7
12.8

18.2
20.3
16.7
11.5

5.7
6.0

5.6
5.8

4.6
4.7

4.7
4.7

5.1
5.2

5.1
5.3

4.6

4.6

4.8

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.2

4.5
4.5
4.4

9.2

9.6

9.2

9.2

8.6

8.3

8.9

8.7

8.4

18.0
19.8
16.7
10.6

19.5
21.2
18.4
12.6

19.6
20.4
19.1
13.0

19.7
21.5
18.4
12.9

19.0
20.5
18.0
12.1

18.2
20.8
16.4
11.7

19.0
21.2
17.4
11.4

18.6
20.4
17.4
12.4

19.1
21.9
17.3
11.7

5.6
5.9
4.1

6.9
7.4
4.8

7.4
8.0
5.3

20.0
21.5
18.8
12.3
7.0 !
7.4 I

6.8
7.2
5.4

6.3
6.6
4.8

8.2

4.3

4.4

4.9

5.9

7.4

14.1
17.5
11.5

14.8
17.8
12.4

15.8
18.5
13.9

7.9
2.6
2.6

19.7
21.3
18.5
13.5

2.7

2.8

8.9
3.0
3.0

17.4
20.0
15.3
10,5
3.8
4.0

5.0
5.2

5.7
6.0

2.6

2.4

2.9

3.1

4.2

6.1

6.2

6.8

7.8

15.4
17.9
13,8

15.8
17,3
14,7

16.9
17.9
16.1

8.6
4.2
4.5
2.9

8.9
4,2
4.4
3.1

9.9
4.6
4.8
3.3

7.8

I

5.0

6.1
6.5
4.6

6.8
7.1
5.4

6.5
6.9
4.9

6.0
6.4
4.4

53

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-50. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

1974

1975

Reason for unemployment

II

III

IV

1976
III

II

IV

II

1977
IV

III

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

1,973
651
1,321
737
1,232
629

1,913
590
1,323
730
1,391
621

2,167
716
1,451
762
1,523
685

2,866
1,065
1,801
788
1,626
756

43.2
14.2
28.9
16.1
27.0
13.8

41.1
12.7
28.4
15.7
29.9
13.3

42.2
13.9
28.2
14.8
29.6
13.3

2.2
.8
1.4
.7

2.1
.8
1.5
.7

2.4
.8
1.7

4,003 4,637 4*645 4,257
1,586 1,894 1,789 1,500
2,418 2,743 2,856 2,757
770
1,809
777

828
1,925
773

805
848
1,842 1,895
851
847

47.5
17.6
29.8
13.1
26.9

54.4
21.5
32.9
10.5
24.6
10.6

56.8
23.2
33.6
10.1
23.6
9.5

57.0 54.3
22.0 19.1
35.1 35.1
9.9 10.8
22.6 24.1
10.5 10.8

3.1
.9
1.8

4.4
.8
2.0

5.0
.9
2.1
.8

3,524 3,516
979
995
2,546 2,521
876
822
1,885 1,809
860
858

3,758 3,765 3,249
1,185 1,077
886
2,573 2,688 2,363
962
1,911
892

875
1,982
919

901
1,989
948

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

49.7
13.8
35.9
11.6
26.6
12.1

49.8
14.1
35.7
12.4
25.6
12.2

50.0
15.8
34.2
12.8
25.4
11.9

49.9
14.3
35.6
11.6
26.3
12.2

45.8
12.5
33.3
12.7
28.1
13.4

3.8
.9
2.0
.9

3.7
.9
1.9
.9

3.9
1.0
2.0

3.9
.9
2.1
1.0

3.4
.9
2.1
1.0

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

5.0
.9
2.0
.9

4.6
.9
2.0
.9

A-51. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

1974

1975

1977

1976

Sex and age

II

Total, 16 years and
over
16 t o 19 years
16 t o 17 years
18 t o 19 years
20 t o 24 years
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years
55 years and over . . . .

III

IV

II

III

II

IV

III

IV

85,944

86,043

86,139

85,577

84,392

84,406

85,028

85,247

86,514

87,501

87,804

88,133

88,998

7,546
3,115
4,433
11,865
66,549
52,768
13,769

7,426
3,079
4,337
11,917
66,705
52,922
13,749

7,355
7,318
3,043
3,085
4,273
4,269
11,909 11,903
66,854 66,359
53,183 52,813
13,680 13,557

7,064
2,959
4,117
11,617
65,725
52,203
13,535

7,025
2,891
4,128
11,573
65,811
52,267
13,516

7,040
7,038
2,891
2,878
4,147
4,186
11,696 11,665
66,281 66,540
52,817 53,111
13,484 13,443

7,179
2,916
4,261
12,033
67,321
53,873
13,468

7,348
2,935
4,398
12,328
67,826
54,389
13,404

7,295
2,960
4,350
12,360
68,123
54,645
13,494

7,241
2,886
4,356
12,372
68,517
54,873
13,648

7,373
2,965
4,420
12,646
69,025
55,512
13,544

52,774

52,599

52,474

51,323

51,936

Males, 16 years and
over
16 t o 19 years
16 t o 17 years
18 t o 19 years
20 t o 24 years
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years
55 years and o v e r . . . .
Females, 16 years and
over

16 to 19y«ars
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years
55 years and over . . . .

54




4,174
4,104
1,767
1,730
2,364
2,406
6,654 6,649
41,947 41,850
33,196 33,114
8,725
8,749
33,170
3,372
1,348
2,027
5,211
24,602
19,572
5,019

33,445
3,322
1,349
1,973
5,268
24,854
19,807
5,024

51,219

51,041

51,309

4,002
3,820
4,036
1,698
1,633
1,721
2,302
2,321
2,198
6,364
6,593
6,586
41,824 41,617 41,032
33,138 32,956 32,471
8,681
8,674 8,561

3,787
1,601
2,182
6,286
40,974
32,462
8,502

3,798
3,797
1,587
1,585
2,206
2,229
6,366
6,341
41,156 41,175
32,661 32,803
8,390
8,489

33,665

33,365

33,719

3,319
1,364
1,948
5,316
25,030
20,045
4,998

52,188

33,389
3,316
1,345
1,971
5,317
24,742
19,857
4,883

33,172
3,244
1,326
1,919
5,252
24,693
19,732
4,974

3,237

1,291
1,946
5,287
24,837
19,806
5,014

33,924

3,242
3,241
1,291
1,306
1,957
1,941
5,354 5,299
25,125 25,366
20,156 20,307
5,053
4,995

52,406

52,550

52,673

53,078

3,863
3,926
1,581
1,592
2,277
2,323
6,612
6,761
41,464 41,725
33,137 33,355
8,329
8,360

3,922
1,627
2,307
6,757
41,842
33,399
8,436

3,901
1,596
2,302
6,833
41,956
33,504
8,474

3,972
1,606
2,374
6,971
42,150
33,767
8,409

34,578

35,094

35,254

35,460

35,920

3,317
1,335
1,984
5,422
25,857
20,736
5,139

3,422
1,343
2,075
5,568
26,100
21,034
5,044

3,373
1,333
2,043
5,603
26,281
21,246
5,058

3,341
1,290
2,054
5,539
26,561
21,369
5,175

3,401
1,359
2,045
5,675
26,875
21,745
5,135

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A 52. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]

1976

1975

1974

1977

Selected categories

II

IT

85,944

Total employed
Household heads
Married men, spouse present . .
Married women, spouse present

86,043

86,139

85,577 84,392

84,406

85,028 85,247

86,514 87,501

50,839 50,900 50,894 50,614 49,882 49,912 50,258 50,276 50,795
39,259 39,042 38,844 38,584 37,892 37,860 37,933 37,832 38,032
19,333 19,601 19,756 19,593 19,367 19,434 19,608 19,816 20,058

III
87,804 88,133

88,998

51,151 51,114 51,347
38,181 38,155 37,961
20,249 20,408 20,455

51,803
38,216
20,743

Occupation

White-collar workers
Professional and technical. .
Managers and administrators,
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers .
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment
operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

457 41,770 41,827
200 12,356 12,461

41,873
12,335

41,884
12,511

42,181 42,435 42,412
12,713 12,870 12,909

43,096 43,590 43,752 44,384 44,489
13,138 13,222 13,448 13,523 13,430

8,849
8,989
8,948
5,508
5,387
5,500
15,112 15,117 15,128
27,776 27,869 28,167
10,902 10,974 11,098
9,530 9,544
9,770

9,169
5,344
15,446
28,789
11,218
10,119

026
433
798
135
504
815

9,082
8,818
5,382
5,418
14,950 15,130
29,910 29,808
11,527 11,510
10,762 10,667

8,830
8,777
5,433
5,447
15,276 15,149
29,261 28,021
11,351 10,905
10,270
9,699

302
514
168
257

3,288
4,334
11,338
3,068

3,334
4,297
11,467
2,962

3,246
4,394
11,500
2,941

1,434
1,863
428

1,319
1,746
409

1,317
1,729
375

1,348
1,675
363

3,248
3,221
3,209
4,135
4,169
4,130
11,616 11,545 11,658
2,955
2,880
3,001

9,274
9,327 9,497
9,553
5,488
5,668
5,500 5,654
15,606 15,477 15,710 15,818
29,105 28,919 29,024 29,832
11,239 11,318 11,336 11,668
10,213
9,989 10,029 10,422

3,213
3,199
3,320
4,334
4,239
4,100
11,807 11,853 12,007
2,874
2,861
2,790

3,272
4,340
12,203
2,849

3,431
3,279
4,380 4,338
11,959 12,054
2,788
2,646

Major industry and class
of worker
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers . . .
Self-employed workers . . . .
Unpaid family workers . . . .
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers . . .
Private households
Government
Other
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

....
....

1,230
1,720
374

1,252
1,737
395

1,340
1,719
398

1,275
1,685
356

1,310
1,611
319

1,323
1,659
354

76,259 76,395 76,509 76,060 74,996 74,929 75,488 75,763 77,073
1,470
1,305
1,414
1,379
1,340
1,338
1,327
1,386
1,277
13,787 14,032 14,033 14,156 14,341 14,475 14,651 14,645 14,857
61,003 60,949 61,098 60,599 59,314 59,068 59,499 59,791 60,940
5,702
5,470
5,676
5,674
5,609
5,722
5,546
5,683
5,624
490
483
485
479
502
460
458
494
480

78,003
1,343
14,854
61,806
5,673
460

78,371 78,740 79,531
1,406 1,403
1,340
15,116 15,003 14,950
61,850 62,334 63,241
5,667 5,734
5,875
452
441
490

1,318
1,665
344

1,325
1,609
342

1,269
1,505
337

Persons at work

Nonagricultural industries:
Full-time schedules
Part-time for economic reasons
Usually work full time . . .
Usually work part time . . .
Part time for noneconomic
reasons

64,176
2,506
1,211
1,296

64,202
2,497
1,170
1,327

64,452 63,421
2,722 3,162
1,605
1,275
1,557
1,447

62,093
3,639
1,874
1,766

61,968
3,635
1,704
1,931

62,009 63,164
3,348 3,321
1,403
1,499
1,918
1,849

64,367
3,237
1,283
1,954

64,529
3,210
1,357
1,853

64,971
3,230
1,346
1,884

10,527

10,362

10,584

10,500

10,445

10,626

10,740

10,574

10,731

10,901

11,147 11,048

65,395 66,168
3,482
3,345
1,287
1,220
2,195
2,125
11,154

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons
as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.




55

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-53. Job desire of persons not in labor force by current activity, reasons for not seeking work, sex, and race,
seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

1975

1974

Characteristic

II

III

IV

III

II

1977

1976

IV

II

III

IV

TOTAL
58,341
53,414

58,614 59,215
53,575 54,050

59,327
53,831

59,032
53,938

58,963
54,715

59,132
53,991

59,379
53,792

Total not in labor for<

57,105

57,575 57,649

Do not want job now
Current activity.
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
III health, disability . . .
Home responsibilities . .
Think cannot get job . .
Job-market factors . .
Personal factors . . . .
Other reasons1

53,066

53,245 52,988

57,935
53,333

5,887
4,723
32,267
7,194
2,996
4,250
1,124
648
969
653
429
224
857

5,850 6,072
4,741 4,824
32,053 31,804
7,386 7,403
3,215 2,884
4,393 4,607
1,188 1,334
594
710
1,039 1,033
628
640
437
423
203
205
932
901

6,338
6,101
6,387
6,404
6,344
6,879
6,360
6,146
6,249
6,139
4,739
4,603
4,875
4,671
4,816
4,675
4,710
4,739
4,944
4,875
30,555
31,594 31,171 31,494 31,272 31,387 30,970 31,055 30,688 30,338
8,717
8,828
7,822 8,277
8,785
8,304
657
528
8,470
7,660
3,680
3,884
3,491
,488
3,487
3,407
3,260
3,104
197
2,964
5,436
5,663
4,339
5,388
5,354
4,671
5,256
5,084
5,211
5,426
1,546
1,151
1,559
1,422
1,535
1,221
1,508
1,529
1,397
1,446
692
627
718
491
725
675
763
652
626
651
1,266
1,273
1,024
1,222
1,227
1,115
1,073
1,070
1,182
1029
992
827
929
903
940
977
1,064
1,171
1,123
825
762
568
644
617
649
803
957
868
809
570
230
259
286
285
291
214
196
174
314
255
985
847
1,004
1,086
927
868
1,229
903
869
943

14,444

14,892 15,097

15,128

15,590

15,594

15,707

16,177

16,443

16,274

16,280

16,304

16,637

13,400
1,227

13,448 13,417
1,341 1,476

13,712
1,453

13,766
1,610

14,031
1,576

14,280
1,739

14,563
1,707

14,626
1,702

14,680
1,658

15,244
1,297

14,777
1,671

14,849
1,715

670
293
226
286

649
276
277
250

774
275
336
226

699
277
373
227

783
308
392
257

751
338
340
277

716
325
366
294

767
333
308
249

574
199
281
243

746
269
341
315

786
307
283
339

42,661

42,684 42,552

42,808

42,789

42,747

42,907

43,039

42,884

42,758

42,683

42,828

42,742

39,666
3,024

39,797 39,571
3,052 3,131

39,621
3,217

39,119
3,601

39,383 39,295
3,615
3,508

664
417
1,033
402
615

572
376
1,029
548
692

673
376
1,182
728
642

698
348
1,070
749
642

726
366
1,073
780
670

784
387
1,115
637
626

706
393
1,222
574
792

762
430
1,227
595
755

577
292
1,024
546
604

813
358
1,273
651
670

760
385
1,266
647
890

51,249

51,165

51,346

51,797

51,939

51,659

51,500

51,599

51,751

47,885 47,680 47,701 48,170 47,499
4,175
3,403
4,092
4,098
3,976

47,364
4,313

58,378
52,885

Males

Total not in labor force . . .
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get job
Other reasons1

568
259
176
223

610
254
235
242

Females

Total not in labor force .
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons

556
389
969
477
633

578
340
1,039
405
690

39,487 39,205 39,257 39,471 39,215 38,943
3,948
3,042
3,765
3,768
3,686
3,549

White
Total not in labor force

50,442

50,715 50,723

50,869

Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability . . . .
Home responsibilities . . .
Think cannot get job
Other reasons

47,156
3,341

47,331 47,193
3,386 3,544

47,180 46,963
4,012
3,644

47,389 47,447
4,103
3,906

897
472
809
504
659

908
43:
80:
500
74.

1,026
515
796
475
732

911
498
831
630
774

1,110
484
930
785
703

1,090
457
856
782
721

1,120
483
886
845
768

1,151
520
839
697
769

1,08
500
920
700
886

1,119
529
943
694
813

934
354
809
601
705

1,109
445
1,034
755
831

1,206
508
986
665
948

Total not in labor force

6,695

6,894

6,939

7,020

7,133

7,195

7,259

7,360

7,375

7,418

7,483

7,473

7,535

Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities . . .
Think cannot get job . . .
Other reasons

5,809
888

5,87
987

5,905
1,080

6,014
1,015

5,909
1,182

5,998
1,144

6,078
1,268

6,128
1,261

6,085
1,271

6,072
1,311

6,55
966

6,22
1,24

6,202
1,343

223
173
193
150
149

28!
158
248
137
16!

304
195
275
160
147

291
145
219
201
159

336
171
276
281
118

305
168
234
308
130

373
197
234
336
129

355
195
304
29:
115

341
22
306
233
163

410
237
289
204
171

232
137
249
226
122

Black and other

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of home responsibilities.

56




408
180
27
25C
13

342
192
279
280
249

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-54. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex
(In thousands]
Age in years

20-24

Reasons for not seeking work

1976

1977

1976

I
1977

60,164
54,437

8,277
6,542

8,184
6,508

5,068
4,206

7,883
4,676
30,413
8,707
2,758

5,754
45

5,529
40

531
348

1,676
1,370
13
106
93
64
29
94

1976

1977

60,112
54,634
8,219
4,644
30,839
8,306
2,627

I
1976

I
1977

I
1976

I
1977

4,879
3,979

23,259
20,796

23,000
20,443

23,507
22,958

24,102
23,508

1,865
119

1,721
114

576

1,956

1,825

590
2,264
16,338
166
1,436

614
2,350
15,794
172
1,513

11
2,217
12,015
8,140
576

20
2,173
12,217
8,536
562

363

267

319
2,463

2,558

549

594

862

899

263
51
230
143
115
27
175

265
47
228
141
117
23
218

129
524
789
455
375
82
566

162
478
798
534
409
125
586

2
143
32
246
98
148
126

2
163
43
205
88
117
180

Total
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going t o school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other

5,478

Want a j o b now

5,727

1,659
737
1,139
976
682
294
967

1,800
702
1,175
972
677
295
1,078

1,601
1,264
19
87
132
95
37
99

17,040

17,225

3,776

3,758

1,553

1,424

3,045

3,104

8,666

3,940

15,256

15,426

3,024

2,954

1,281

1,139

2,572

2,653

8,382

8,682

4,184
2,516
207
6,733
1,617

3,954
2,506
321
7,021
1,624

2,784
32
12

2,711
23
14

1,061
55

904
53

198

206

338
1,250
45
136
802

336
1,305
69
154
789

2
1,180
143
6,597
461

3
1,127
233
6,867
452

Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities . . . .
T h i n k cannot get job
Job-market factors . . . .
Personal factors
Other reasons1
Males
Total not in labor force

.......

Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house

Retired
Other
Want a j o b now

1,784

1,798

752

Ill health, disability . . . .
T h i n k cannot get job . . .
Other reasons

v

5

159

177
473

450

284

261

286
147
29
47
63

50
206
115
102

61
191
92
106

2
79
127
76

69
103
89

20,214
18,221

19,897
17,791

14,840
14,574

15,162
14,829

251
1,013
16,292
31
636|

278
1,044
15,725
18
726

9
1,037
11,872
1,542
115

17
1,048
11,985
1,669
110

1,993

2,109

266

333

64
32
120
50

2
94
43
103
91

803

Reason not looking:
School attendance

8

834
318
370
262

912
298
287
301

635
19
57
41

704
9
47
43

272
146
12
73
41

43,072
39,377

42,939
39,011

4,502
3,653

4,426
3,554

3,515
2,926

3,454
2,841

4,034
2,129
30,631
1,573
1,010

3,928
2,171
30,092
1,686
1,134

2,970
13

2,818
18

805
65

817
62

520

561

1,949

1,819

150

157

108

143

849

873
666
4
106
46
51

589
117
38
230
70
134

614
118
18
228
95
155

Females

Total not in iabor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance . . . .
Ill health, disability . . . .
Home responsibilities . .
Think cannot get job . . .
Other reasons
1

3,695
826
419
1,139
606
705

3,929
889
403
1,175
685
111

629
87
75
58

801
318
789
342
464

102
288
798
441
480

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities."




57

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-55. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex

Age in years

Tot**1
Reasons for not seeking work

16-24

1976

1977

1976

1977

1976

Females

Males

60 and over

25-59

1977

1976

1977

1976

1977

1976

1977

WHITE
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities1
Think cannot get job
Other reasons

52,580

52,478

1 0 , 809

1 0 , 461

20,441 20,182

21 ,329

2 1 , 835

14 , 5 0 8

14, 716

3 8 ,072

37,762

48,374

48,060

9, 014

8 , 549

18,524

18,169

20 ,840

2 1 , 334

13 , 1 2 6

13, 331

3 5 ,248

6,733
3,674
28,226
7,577
2,163
4,206

6,381
3,788
27,605
7,976
2,310
4,419

6, 257
121
2, 176
--

465

494

11

1,714
14,996

1,866
14,398

3 ,468
2 ,034
179
6 ,143
1 ,302

3 , 191
2, 122
270
6, 424
1, 324

3 ,265
1 ,640
2 8 ,047
1 ,434
861

34,729
3,190
1,666
27,335
1,552

462

5 , 872
125
2 , 007
-549

1, 795

1,259

1,398

1, 160

530
838
768
811

537
899
725
860

154

166

1 ,841
11 ,057
7 ,422

1,245
2,011

509

1 , 912

1,192
1,917

14
1, 795
1 1 , 197
7, 810
518

489

500

1 ,382

1, 386

2 ,824

3,033

40
203
189
203

1 , 270
56
203
149
234

95
364
603
358
497

131
347
672
399
462

2
124
32
221
110

2
135
24
176
163

648
233
__
286
215

709
222

611
297
838
482
596

689
315
899
512
618

213
242

986

BLACK AND OTHER
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities1
Think cannot get job
Other reasons
1

,

7,532

7,686

2, 536

2 , 601

2,819

2,818

2 ,177

2, 267

2 ,532

2, 509

5 ,000

5,177

6,259

6,378

1, 8 7 4

1, 934

2,274

2,271

2 ,118

2, 174

2 ,130

2, 0 9 6

4 ,129

4,282

1,486

1,502

1, 363

969

890

117
483

731
447

1,396

1, 0 2 1

729
463

1,335

376
958
718
67

6
378

2,808

1 , 379
28
391

124
551

2,611

44
314
__
151

764
385
51
597
299

769
488
2 ,584
139
148

2,757

725
44

717
481
27
590
315

1,273

1,306

94

402

412

871

894

400
208
301
208
156

402
164
276
247
217

185
86

202
76

84
47

75
59

215
122
301
124
109

200
88
276
172
158

136

11
243

662

669

545

547

59

367
28
114
82
71

370
4
132
86
77

34
159
187
97
68

34
131
126
132

__

6
269

19
__

24
16

124

29
19
29
17

738
505
134
148

Small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities" are included in "other reasons."

A-56. Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race , sex, and
detailed reason
[In thousands]

l

s t

Quarter 1977

Age in years
Detailed reason for not seeking work
Black and

60 and
over

16-19

other

TOTAL
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old .
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap

159
84
52

18
7
4

28
61
36

113

16
7

Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available

382
295

49
15

95
22

203
206

60
21
16

12
7

104
86

20
9

4

137
60
40

22
24
12

35
53

251
238

131
58

48
4

49
11
14

11
10
2

Males
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old .
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available

11
34
7

32
40

19
31

74
65

30
22

28
49
27

65

13
4

88
49
26

11
14
10

62
15

170
166

16
22

177
173

101
36

Females

Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old .
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available

58




99
63
36
278
209

29
6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-57. Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those
who worked during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex
[Numbers in thousands]
Age i i years
Most recent work experience and

Total

Blac < and
ot her

White
16-24

reason for leaving job

1976

1977

Total, not in labor force
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 t o 5 years ago
Left j o b during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason
School, home responsibilities
Ill health disability
Retirement, old age
Economic reasons
. . .
End of seasonal job
Slack work
End o f temporary j o b .
A l l other reasons

60,112
10,334
27,798
11,430
10,549
100.0
44.7
8.1
7.7
21.9
9.9
6.1
6.0
17.5

60,164
9,990
28,131
11,582
10,460
100.0
44.2
7.4
8.3
22.4
9.3
6.9
6.2
17.6

Males, not in labor force
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 t o 5 years ago
Left j o b during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason
School home responsibilities
III health, disability
Retirement, o l d age
Economic reasons
End of seasonal j o b
Slack work . . .
End o f temporary j o b
All other reasons

17,040
2,460
6,531
3,850
4,200
100.0
39.9
9.8
12.5
20.1
10.0
6.0
4.1
17.6

Females not in labor force
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 t o 5 years ago
Left j o b during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason
School home responsibilities
III health disability
Retirement, old age
Economic reasons .
End of seasonal j o b
Slack work
End of temporary j o b
A l l other reasons

43,072
7,875
21,267
7,580
6,349
100.0
47.9
7.0
4.5
23.1
9.8
6.1
7.2
17.4

I
1976

25-59

I
1977

13,345 13,063
5,437
5,281
341
329
2,137 2,004
5,431 5,448
100.0 100.0
60.5
60.1
1.7
1.9
19.4
10.4
4.1
4.9
18.2

20.9
9.8
5.2
5.8
17.3

17,225
2,368
6,853
3,820
4,184
100.0
40.9
8.0
12.9
20.9
10.4
5.8
4.8
17.3

5,329
2,200
34
545
2,550
100.0
59.4
1.6

5,182
2, 080
460
2,583
100.0
59.7
1.7

19.4
11.2
4.3
3.9
19.6

20.3
10.0
5.1
5.2
18.3

42,939
7,622
21,278
7,762
6,276
100.0
46.4
7.0
5.3
23.4
8.6
7.7
7.1
17.8

8,017
3,238
'307
1,592
2,881
100.0
61.5
2.1

7,880
3,200
'273
1,544
2,864
100.0
60.5
1.7

19.4
9.7
3.9
5.8
17.0

21.4
9.7
5.3
6.4
16.5

60 and over

I
1976

I
1977

I
1976

I
1977

I
1976

23,259
2,347
11,805
5,537
3,570
100.0
37.4
13.5
3.1
26.0
9.7
9.1
7.3
20.0

23,000
2,237
11,612
5,676
3,474
100.0
36.6
13.7
3.3
25.4
8.2
10.0
7.2
21.4

23,507
2,550
15,652
3,757
1,547
100.0
6.3
17.8
45.2
21.3
8.5
5.9
6.9
9.3

24,102
2,471
16,191
3,902
1,538
100.0
6.0
13.3
49.3
21.3
10.0
6.0
5.2
10.1

3,045
226
1,035
1,070
715
100.0
19.0
27.3
8.1
23.4
7.6
13.2
2.7
22.1

3,104
247
984
1,133
740
100.0
19.6
27.6
8.4
20.3
6.6
9.8
3.7
24.1

8,666
36
5,460
2,236
936
100.0
2.6
19.1
50.2
19.3
8.5
5.1
5.7
8.9

20,214
2,122
10,769
4,468
2,856
100.0
42.0
10.1
1.9
26.6
10.2
8.0
8.4
19.4

19,897
1,992
10,628
4,543
2,735
100.0
40.8
9.9
1.9
26.7
8.6
10.2
8.1
20.7

14,840
2,515
10,192
1,522
611
100.0
11.9
15.9
37.8
24.4
8.5
7.0
8.8
10.0

1976

1977

52,580
8,479
24,947
9,954
9,199
100.0
45.4
7.7
8.2
21.1
9.3
6.0
5.9
17.5

I
1977
52,478 .
8,069
25,146
10,214
9,050
100.0
45.3
6.4
8.8
22.0
8.9
6.8
6.3
17.4

7,532
1,855
2,850
1,476
1,350
100.0
40.0
10.9
4.2
27.2
13.8
6.5
7.0
"17.6

7,686
1,921
2,985
1,368
1,410
100.0
37.2
13.5
5.2
25.0
11.8
7.7
5.4
19.1

8,940
41
5,812
2,228
859
100.0
2.6
10.3
55.3
23.2
14.5
4.1
4.5
8.6

14,508
1,815
5,688
3,341
3,664
100.0
40.0
9.6
13.3
19.4
9.7
6.0
3.8
17.7

14,716
1,710
5,999
3,390
3,618
100.0
41.0
7.5
13.6
21.3
11.1
5.6
4.6
16.6

2,532
645
842
509
536
100.0
39.5
11.5
7.4
24.3
11.9
6.5
6.0
17.1

2,509
658
854
430
566
100.0
40.2
11.1
8.3
18.3
5.5
7.1
5.8
22.0

15,162
2,431
10,377
1,675
678
100.0
10.2
17.2
41.7
18.9
4.1
8.5
6.2
12.1

38,072
6,664
19,259
6,613
5,535
100.0
49.0
6.5
4.9
22.2
9.0
6.0
7.2
17.4

37,762
6,359
19,147
6,824
5,432
100.0
48.2
5.7
5.7
22.5
7.4
7.6
7.4
17.9

5,000
1,210
2,008
967
814
100.0
40.4
10.4
2.1
29.1
15.0
6.5
7.6
17.9

5,177
1,263
2,131
938
844
100.0
35.1
15.2
3.1
29.4
16.1
8.2
5.1
17.2

A-58. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend
toseeK work within next 12 months by age, race, and sex
[In thousands]
Age in years
Total

Blac kand

White

16-24

Work-seeking intentions and work history

25-59

I
1976

I
1977

I
1976

I
1977

I
1976

I
1977

19,521
3,479
103
899
1,177
1,299

22,910
597
2
159
208
229

23,460
643
20
129
242
251

44,223
8,356
1,517
886
1,726
4,227

43,867
8,611
1,464
899
1,775
4,473

5 ,485
,047
2
592
228
489
739

5,729
1,957
516
185
463
793

2 , 344
701
26
78
247
351

2,423
680
27
63
252
338

8,328
338
64
121
153

8,577
363
10
54
144
155

11,236
3,272
632
114
567
1,959

11,358
3,358
619
92
554
2,093

1 ,783
749
261
42
133
313

1,803
706
237
37
117
315

1 7 , 559
2 , 655
104
818
830
904

17,097
2,798
75
836
925
963

14,581
259
2
95
86
76

14,882
279
10
76
98
96

32,988
5,084
885
772
1,159
2,268

32,509
5,253
845
807
1,221
2,380

3 ,702
1 ,298
331
186
356
426

3,926
1,251
279
148
346
478

I
1976.

I
1977

I
1976

I
1977

49,595
10,568
1,980
1,084
2,238
5,266

,895
6,450
1,977
61
931
3,483

6,615
6,447
1,857
56
820
3,715

19, 904
3 , 356
130
894
076
1,
1 , 255

13,019
4,021
893
155
700
2,272

13,160
4,064
856
130
671
2,407

2,347
2 ,982
868
14
332
1,768

2,160
3,021
818
13
276
1,914

36,690
6,382
1,216
958
1,515
2,694

36,435
6,504
1,124
955
1,567
2,858

4 ,549
3 ,468
1 ,110
46
600
1,715

4,455
3,426
1,039
44
544
1,801

I
1976

I
1977

49,709
10,403
2,109
1,113
2,214
4,966

o ther

60 and over

.

Total
Do not intend to seek work
... .
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago . .
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
Males
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
. .
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months . .
Females
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months




59

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-59. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population and the white, black,
and Spanish origin components by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Spanish origin 2
Employment status

I
1976

Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

I
1977

I
1976

I
1977

I
1976

I
1977

I
1976

I
1977

152,971

155,446

134,822

136,812

15,805

16,153

6,595

6,886

92,858
60.7
84,948
2,851
82,097
7,911
8.5
60,113

95,272
61.3
87,434
2,728
84,706
7,838
8.2
60,174

82,243
61.0
75,809
2,622
73,188
6,433
7.8
52,580

84,333
61.6
77,976
2,514
75,462
6,357
7.5
52,479

9,168
58.0
7,831
184
7,647
1,337
14.6
6,637

9,428
58.4
8,076
181
7,895
1,351
14.3
6,725

3,899
59.1
3,445
172
3,274
453
11.6
2,697

4,144
60.2
3,643
176
3,467
501
12.1
2,742

64,139

65,338

57,132

58,139

6,059

6,187

2,615

2,749

50,875
79.3
47,281
2,180
45,101
3,594
7.1
13,264

51,861
79.4
48,322
2,072
46,249
3,539
6.8
13,477

45,648
79.9
42,710
1,988
40.722
2,938
6.4
11,484

46,400
79.8
43,487
1,896
41,591
2,913
6.3
11,739

4,495
74.2
3,898
154
3,744
597
13.3
1,564

4,687
75.8
4,127
149
3,978
560
11.9
1,499

2,185
83.6
1,971
134
1,837
214
9.8
430

2,322
84.5
2,088
133
1,955
234
10.1
427

72,455

73,653

63,770

64,702

7,553

7,756

3,072

3,183

33,885
46.8
31,239
371
30,868
2,646
7.8
38,571

35,140
47.7
32,497
392
32,105
2,644
7.5
38,513

29,325
46.0
27,203
352
26,851
2,123
7.2
34,445

30,434
47.0
28,349
365
27,984
2,085
6.9
34,268

3,945
52.2
3,482
16
3,466
463
11.7
3,608

4,078
52.6
3,566
20
3,545
513'
12.6
3,678

1,338
43.6
1,180
25
1,155
158
11.8
1,733

1,382
43.4
1,229
17
1,212"
152
11.0
1,801

16,376

16,454

13,920

13,971

2,193

2,211

909

954

8,099
49.5
6,428
300
6,128
1,671
20.6
8,278

8,271
50.3
6,616
264
6,352
1,655
20.0
8,184

7,269
52.2
5,896
282
5,615
1,373
18.9
6,651

7,499
53.7
6,140
253
5,887
1,359
18.1
6,472

728
33.2
451
14
437
276
38,0
1,465

662
29.9
383
12
372
279
42.1
1,548

375
41.3
294
13
282
81
21.6
533

441
46.2
325
26
299
115
26.2
513

Males, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

:..

Females, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

According t o the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 8 9 percent of the "black
and other" population group.
2

Data on persons of Spanish origin are tabulated separately, without regard to race, which

60




means that they are also included in the data for white and black workers. A t the time of the
1970 Census, approximately 96 percent of their population was white.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-60. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 34 years of age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted
Employment status

Not seasonally
adjusted

1975

1977

1976

I
1976

I
1977

6,640
6,235
5,631
604
9.7

6,853
6,494
5,910
584
9.0

6,373
5,963
5,449
514
8.6

6,423
6,030
5,457
573
9.5

6,488
6,106
5,522
585
9.6

6,584
6,186
5,575
610
9.9

6,640
6,223
5,746
478
7.7

6,668
6,312
5,832
480
7.6

6,710
6,335
5,808
527
8.3

6,797
6,427
5,880
547
8.5

6,853
6,495
6,033
462
7.1

1,101
932
730
202
21.7

1,084
967
768
199
20.6

1,239
1,072
882
189
17.7

1,187
1,042
822
220
21.1

1,146
1,003
812
191
19.0

1,128
967
756
211
21.8

1,101
926
765
161
17.4

1,088
951
793
158
16.6

1,071
931
758
173
18.6

1,083
957
789
168
17.5

1,084
963
804
159
16.5

3,421
3,250
2,969
281
8.6

3,109
2,949
2,688
261
8.9

3,505
3,312
3,074
239
7.2

3,486
3,285
3,041
245
7.4

3,471
3,286
3,009
277
8.4

3,463
3,292
3,002
290
8.8

3,421
3,240
3,015
225
6.9

3,328
3,160
2,940
220
7.0

3,250
3,063
2,840
223
7.3

3,186
3,017
2,763
254
8.4

3,109
2,941
2,732
209
7.1

2,118
2,053
1,932
121
5.9

2,660
2,578
2,454
124
4.8

1,629
1,579
1,493
86
5.4

1,750
1,703
1,594
109
6.4

1,871
1,817
1,701
116
6.4

1,993
1,927
1,818
109
5.7

2,118
2,057
1,965
92
4.5

2,252
2,201
2,099
103
4.7

2,389
2,341
2,210
131
5.6

2,528
2,453
2,328
125
5.1

2,660
2,590
2,497
94
3.6

16,419
14,543
13,093
1,450
10.0

17,191
15,396
13,906
1,490
9.7

15,544
14,036
12,715
1,321
9.4

15,767
14,190
12,748
1,442
10.2

16,006
14,395
12,911
1,484
10.3

16,200
14,520
13,110
1,410
9.7

16,419
14,747
13,499
1,248
8.5

16,640
15,000
13,811
1,189
7.9

16,849
15,180
13,884
1,296
8.5

16,999
15,474
14,066
1., 408
9.1

17,191
15,617
L4,336
1,281
8.2

7,819
6,435
5,574
861
13.4

8,037
6,729
5,882
847
12.6

7,400
6,292
5,487
804
12.8

7,526
6,343
5,470
873
13.8

7,639
6,433
5,518
915
14.2

7,723
6,465
5,613
852
13.2

7,819
6,621
5,856
765
11.6

7,885
6,693
5,975
718
10.7

7,951
6,716
5,985
731
10.9

7,982
6,881
6,045
835
12.1

8,037
6,931
6,179
752
10.8

4,775
4,463
4,107
356
8 0

5,240
4,923
4,486
437
8 9

4,262
4,043
3,724
320
7 9

4,368
4,133
3,785
348
8 4

4,493
4,243
3,882
361
8.5

4,626
4,355
4,030
326
7.5

4,775
4,487
4,191
296
66

4,972
4,678
4,385
2 93
6.3

5,120
4,843
4,465
378
7 8

5,173
4,882
4,512
370
76

5,240
4,943
4,580
363
73

3,825
3,645
3,412
233
6.4

3,914
3,744
3,538
206
5.5

3,882
3,701
3,504
197
5.3

3,874
3,715
3,493
222
6.0

3,874
3,720
3,512
208
5.6

3,851
3,700
3,468
232
6.3

3,825
3,638
3,452
187
5.1

3,783
3,630
3,452
178
4.9

3,778
3,621
3,434
187
5.2

3,844
3,711
3,509
202
5.4

3,914
3,743
3,577
165

I

III

I I

IV

I

II

III

IV

I

VETERANS'
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

. .

30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
NONVETERANS
Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population 2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5, 1964, and April 30, 1975.




4.4

Since seasonal variations are not present in the population figures, identical numbers
appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

61

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-61. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonvaterans 20 to 34 years by age and race
[Numbers in thousands]
Nonveterans
Employment status

Black and other

Black and other

1976 1976

1977

I
1976

IV
1976

1977

I
1976

IV
1976

I
1977

I
1976

IV
1976

I

I
1977

Total, 20 to 34 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5,969
5,639
5,143
496

6,077
5,757
5,379
378
6.6

6,147
5,864
5,379
485
8.3

671
596
488
108
18.1

720
642
552
90
14.0

706
630
531
99
15.7

14,280
12,766
11,603
1,163
9.1

14,819
13,483
12,520
963
7.1

14,960
13,522
12,332
1,190

2,139
1,777
1,490
287
16.2

2,180
1,838
1,559
279
15.2

2,231
1,874
1,574
300
16.0

922
799
638
161
20.2

910
811
692
119
14.7

921
834
669
165
19.8

179
133
92
41
30.8

173
136
106
30
22.1

163
133
99
34
25.6

6,855
5,689
4,988
701
12.3

6,984
5,948
5,389
559
9.4

7,023
5,938
5,269
669
11.3

964
746
586
160
21.4

998
777
611
166
21.4

1,014
791
613
178
22.5

3,126
2,972
2,729
243
8.2

2,874
2,708
2,542
166
6.1

2,812
2,683
2,467
216
8.1

295
278
240
38
13.7

312
288
246
42
14.6

297
266
221
45
16.9

4,134
3,903
3,621
282
7.2

4,512
4,310
4,040
270
6.3

4,560
4,324
3,972
352
8.1

641
560
486
74
13.2

661
587
511
76
12.9

680
599
514
85
14.2

1,921
1,868
1,776
92
4.9

2,293
2,238
2,145
93
4.2

2,414
2,347
2,243
104
4.4

197
185
156
29
15.7

235
218
200
18
8.3

246
231
211
20
8.7

3,291
3,174
2,994
180
5.7

3,323
3,225
3,091
134
4.2

3,377
3,260
3,091
169
5.2

534
471
418
53
11.3

521
474
437
37
7.8

537
484
447
37
7.6

20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 years

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnote 1, table A-60.

62




HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES

A-62. Employment status of the population in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas by sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Nonmetropolitan areas

Metropolitan areas
Total

Employment status

Central cities

Suburbs

Farm

Total

I
1977

I
1976

I
1977

I
1976

I
1977

104,248 105,791 44,967
64,488 65,915 26,958
61.9
60.0
62.3
58,882 : 60,434 24,287
5,607
5,482 2,670
8.7
9.9
8.3
39,760 39,876 18,009

45,315
27,268
60.2
24,675
2,593
9.5
18,045

59,281
37,530
63.3
34,595
2,937
7.8
21,751

60,476
38,647
63.9
35,759
2,889
7.5
21,831

48,723
28,370
58.2
26,066
2,304
8.1
20,353

43,545
34,970
80.3
32,421
2,548
7.3
8,575

44,288 18,453
35,644 14,210
80.5
77.0
33,158 12,930
2,486 1,280
9.0
7.0
8,643 4,242

18,643
14,391
77.2
13,154
1,238
8.6
4,250

25,092
20,760
82.7
19,491
1,268
6.1
4,332

25,645
21,253
82.9
20,004
1,248
5.9
4,393

49,623
23,929
48.2
22,057
1,872
7.8
25,694

50,428 21,995
24,602 10,579
48.8
48.1
22,764 9,697
882
1,838
8.3
7.5
25,826 11,417

22,185
10,784
48.6
9,908
875
8.1
11,401

27,628
13,350
48.3
12,360
990
7.4
14,277

11,081
5,590
50.4
4,404
1,186
21.2
5,491

11,075
5,669
51.2
4,511
1,158
20.4
5,407

4,519
2,169
48.0
1,661
508
23.4
2,350

4,487
2,093
46.6
1,614
479
22.9
2,394

90,248
56,135
62.2
51,711
4,424
7.9
34,113

91,485
57,382
62.7
53,078
4,304
7.5
34,103

34,686
21,016
60.6
19,239
1,777
8.5
13,670

14,001
8,353
59.7
7,171
1,183
14.2
5,647

14,306 10,281
8,533 5,941
59.6
57.8
7,355 5,048
1,178
893
13.8
15.0
5,773 4,339

I
1976

I
1977

I
1976

I
1976

I
1977

I
1976

49,655
29,357
59.1
27,000
2,356
8.0
20,298

5,056
2,939
58.1
2,839
100
3.4
2,117

4,683
2,706
57.8
2,610
97
3.6
1,977

43,667 44,972
1 £ CLC1
25,431 26,651
58.2
JV.J
59.3
23,227 24,390
39
2,204 i 2,259
8.7
8.5
8.5
18,236 18,321

20,595
15,905
77.2
14,860
1,046
6.6
4,689

21,050
16,216
77.0
15,163
1,053
6.5
4,834

2,226
1,852
83.2
1,809
43
2.3
374

2,122
1,744
82.2
1,706
38
2.2
378

18,369
14,053
76.5
13,051
1,003
7.1
4,316

18,928
14,472
76.5
13,457
1,015
7.0
4,456

28,243
13,818
48.9
12,856
963
7.0
14,425

22,833
9,956
43.6
9,182
774
7.8
12,877

23,225
10,538
45.4
9,732
806
7.6
12,687

2,149
796
37.0
762
34
4.2
1,353

2,006
722
36.0
683
40
5.5
1,284

20,684
9,160
44.3
8,420
740
8.1
11,524

21,219
9,816
46.3
9,049
766
7.8
11,403

6,562
3,421
52.1
2,743
678
19.8
3,141

6,588
3,576
54.3
2,897
679
19.0
3,013

5,295
2,509
47.4
2,024
484
19.3
2,787

5,379
2,602
48.4
2,105
497
19.1
2,777

681
291
42.8
268
23
8.0
390

555
240
43.3
221
19
7.8
315

4,614
2,218
48.1
1,756
461
20.8
2,396

4,824
2,362
49.0
1,884
478
20.2
2,462

34,877
21,279
61.0
19,582
1,697
8.0
13,599

55,562
35,119
63.2
32,472
2,647
7.5
20,443

56,608
36,103
63.8
33,496
2,607
7.2
20,504

44,575
26,108
58.6
24,098
2,010
7.7
18,467

45,327
26,951
59.5
24,898
2,053
7.6
18,376

4,705
2,763
58.7
2,676
87
3.1
1,942

4,391
2,568
58.5
2,478
90
3.5
1,823

39,870
23,345
58.6
21,422
1,923
8.2
16,525

40,936
24,383
59.6
22,414
1,963
8.1
16,553

10,437
5,989
57.4
5,094
896
15.0
4,448

3,720
2,412
64.8
2,123
290
12.0
1,308

3,869
2,544
65.8
2,261
282
11.1
1,325

4,148
2,262
54.5
1,968
294
13.0
1,886

4,328
2,406
55.6
2,103
303
12.6
1,922

351
177
50.3
163
13
7.6
175

292
138
47.3
132
6
4.7
154

3,797
2,085
54.9
1,805
281
13.5
1,711

4,036
2,268
56.2
1,971
297
13.1
1,768

I
1977

Total

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Males, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Females, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
Not in labor force

.......

Both sexes, 16-19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black and other

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

c = corrected




63

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-63. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
(Number in thousands)

Employment status

Nonmetropolitan areas

Metropolitan areas

Total United States
Poverty
areas

Nonpoverty

Poverty

Nonpoverty

Poverty

areas

areas

areas

areas

Nonpoverty
areas

I
1976

I
1977

I
1976

I
1977

I
1976

I
1977

I
1976

I
1977

126,498
79,751
63.0
73,525
6,226
7.8
46,747

11,613
5,961
41.3
5,113

11,442
5,946
52.0
5,095

17,506
9,575
54.7
8,814

849

851

768

761

14.3
5,496

94,349
59,970
63.6
55,339
4,631
7.7
34,379

17,335
9,343
53.9
8,575

14.2
5,652

92,638
58,527
63.2
53,769
4,758
8.1
34,108

8.2
7,992

7.9
7,931

31,388
19,027
60.6
17,491
1,536
8.1
12,361

32,149
19,782
61.5
18,186
1,596
8.1
12,368

114,353
71,204
62.3
65,704
5,499
7.7
43,150

116,387
73,135
62.8
67,717
5,417
7.4
43,252

5,996
3,164
52.8
2,809
355
11.2
2,832

5,912
3,187
53.9
2,812
375
11.8
2,725

84,251
52,971
62.9
48,902
4,069
7.7
31,281

85,573
54,195
63.3
50,266
3,929
7.2
31,378

14,473
7,875
54.4
7,296
579
7.4
6,598

14,513
8,011
55.2
7,447
564
7.0
6,502

30,102
18,233
60.6
16,802
1,431
7.8
11,869

30,814
18,940
61.5
17,451
1,489
7.9
1,874

9,670
6,350
65.7
5,555
795
12.5
3,320

10,112
6,617
65.4
5,808
809
12.2
3,495

5,617
2,797
49.8
2,304
493
17.6
2,819

5,530
2,759
49.9
2,283
476
17.3
2,771

8,384
5,556
66.3
4,867
690
12.4
2,828

8,776
5,775
65.8
5,073
702
12.2
3,002

2,862
1,468
51.3
1,279
189
12.9
1,394

2,993
1,564
52.3
1,367
196
12.5
1,429

1,286

1,335

I
1976

I
1976

I
1977

28,948
15,304
52.9
13,688
1,616
10.6
13,643

28,948
15,520
53.6
13,909
1,611
10.4
13,427

124,023
77,554
62.5
71,260
6,294
8.1
46,469

20,469
11i039
53.9
10,105
934
8.5
9,430

20,425
11,198
54.8
10,259
939
8.4
9,227

8,478
4,265
50.3
3,583
682
16.0
4,213

8,523
4,322
50.7
3,650
672
15.5
4,200

I
1977

Total
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . . .
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

....

Black and other
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

794

842

61.7
688
105
13.3
492

63.1
735
107
12.7
493

A 64. Unemployment rates for selected laboi force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by sex, age, and race
Total United States
Poverty
Sex, age, and race

areas

Nonmetropolitan areas

Metropolitan areas

Nonpoverty
areas

Poverty
areas

Nonpoverty
areas

Poverty
areas

Nonpoverty
areas

I
1976

I
1977

I
1976

i
1977

I
1976

i
1977

I
1976

I
1977

I
1976

i
1977

I
1976

I
1977

10.6
9.0
9.3
25.9

10.4
8.8
9.6
24.3

8.1
6.7
7.5
19.6

7.8
6.4
7.1
19.2

14.2
13.8
11.1
31.6

14.3
13.5
12.0
32.0

8.1
6.7
7.5
20.2

7.7
6.3
7.0
19.4

8.2
6.1
8.0
22.3

7.9
6.1
8.0
20.1

8.1
6.8
7.6
17.9

8.1
6.7
7.5
18.7

8.5
7,0
7,9
20.9

8.4
7.1
8.0
18.8

7.7
6.4
7.1
18.6

7.4
6.1
6.7
18.0

11.2
10.4
9.7
24.0

11.8
11.5
9.9
22.2

7.7
6.3
7.1 i
18.9

7.2
6.0
6.5
18.0

7.4
5.6
7.1
19.7

7.0
5.4
7.2
17.6

7.8
6.6
7.4
17.6

7.9
6.6
7.2
18.1

16.0
15.0
12.4
38.2

15.5
14.0
13.1
40.9

12.5
10.9
10.9
34.0

12.2
9.8
11.1
36.5

17.6
18.3
12.4
39.2

17.3
16.2
14.0
44.2

12.4
10.7
10.8
35.7

12.2
10.0
10.8
37.7

12.9
9.2
12.3
36.2

12.5
10.2
11.4
35.2

13.3
12.5
11.9
24.9

12.7
8.5
13.1
31.0

Total
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over . . . .
Both sexes, 16-19 years . . . . . .
White
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over . . . .
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Black and other
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over . . . .
Both sexes, 16-19 years

64




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
EM. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division 1919 to date
[!n thousands]
Service-producing

Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total
Total

Mining

Contract
construction

Manufacturing

Total

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Government

Wholesale and retail trade

Finance,

Wholesale
trade

insurance,
and real
estate

Services

1, 111
i, 175
1,233
1, 305
1,367
1,435
1,509
1,475

2,263
2, 362
2,869
3, 046
3, 168
3,265
3,440
3,376

2,676
2,603
2,800
2,846
2,915
2,995
3, 065
3, 148

533
526

2, 532
2,622

3, 183
2,931
2, 873
3, 058
3, 142
3,326
3, 518
3,473
3, 517
3,681

3,264
3,225
3,166
3,299
3,481
3,668
3,756
3,883
3,995
4,202

560
559
565
652
753
826
833
829
905
996

2,704
2,666
2,601
2,647
2,728
2,842
2,923
3,054
3,090
3,206

Total

Retail
e

Total

Federal

State
and
local

1919
1920
1925
1926
1927,
1928.
1929
1930.

27, 088
27, 350
28,778
29,819
29,976
30, 000
31, 339
29,424

12,813
12,745
12,474
12,896
12,723
12, 603
13,286
11,943

1, 133
1,239
1,089
1, 185
1, 114
1,050
1,087
1,009

1,021
848
1, 446
1, 555
1,608
1,606
1,497
1, 372

10, 659
10,658
9,939
10, 156
10,001
9,947
10,702
9,562

14, 275
14,605
16,304
16,923
17,253
17,397
18,053
17,481

3,711
3,998
3,826
3,942
3,895
3,828
3,916
3,685

4, 514
4,467
5, 576
5,784
5, 908
5,874
6, 123
5,797

1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940

26,649
23,628
23, 711
25, 953
27,053
29,082
31,026
29,209
30, 618
32,376

873
10, 257
731
8, 632
744
8, 950
883
10,246
897
10,878
946
11,918
12,921 1,015
11,386
891
854
12,282
925
13,204

1, 214
970
809
862
912
1, 145
1, 112
1, 055
1, 150
1, 294

8, 170
6,931
7,397
8, 501
9,069
9,827
10,794
9,440
10,278
10,985

16,392
14,996
14,761
15,707
16,175
17,164
18,105
17,823
18,336
19,173

3,254
2,816
2,672
2,750
2,786
2, 973
3, 134
2,863
2,936
3,038

5,284
4,683
4,755
5,281
5,431
5,809
6,265
6, 179
6,426
6,750

1,684
1,754

4,742
4,996

1,407
1, 341
1, 295
1,319
1,335
1,388
1,432
1,425
1,462
1, 502

1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950,

36,554
40, 125
42, 452
41, 883
40, 394
41, 674
43, 881
44,891
43, 778
45.222

15,939
18, 442
20, 094
19,314
17,492
17,226
18,482
18, 745
17,536
18,475

957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930
901

1,790
2, 170
1, 567
1, 094
1, 132
1,661
1,982
2, 169
2, 165
2, 333

13,192
15,280
17, 602
17, 328
15,524
14,703
15, 545
15,582
14,441
15,241

20,614
21,683
22,359
22,569
22,902
24,448
25, 399
26,146
26,242
26,747

3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4, 166
4, 189
4,001
4,034

7,210
7, 118
6,982
7,058
7, 314
8,376
8, 955
9,272
9,264
9,386

1,873
1,821
1,741
1,762
1,862
2, 190
2,361
2,489
2,487
2,518

5,338
5,297
5,241
5,296
5,452
6, 186
6, 595
6, 783
6, 778
6, 868

1, 549
1, 538
1,502
1,476
1,497
1, 697
1, 754
1,829
1,857
1,919

3,921
4, 084
4, 148
4, 163
4, 241
4,719
5, 050
5,206
5, 264
5, 382

4, 660
5,483
6, 080
6, 043
5,944
5,595
5,474
5,650
5,856
6, 026

1, 340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2, 808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908
1,928

3,320
3,270
3, 174
3, 116
3, 137
3,341
3,582
3,787
3,948
4,098

1951
1952
1953
1954
i955
1956
1957
1958.....
1959
I960

47,849
48,825
50,232
49,022
50, 675
52,408
52,894
51 363
53, 313
54,234

19,925
20, 164
21,038
19,717
20,476
21, 064
20, 925
19,474
20,367
20, 393

929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732
712

2,603
2,634
2,623
2,612
2,802
2,999
2, 923
2 778
2,960
2, 885

16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15 945
16, 675
16,796

27,924
28,66C
29,195
29,306
30, 199
31,344
31,969
31 89C
32,945
33,840

4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4, 141
4,244
4,241
3 976
4,011
4, 004

9, 742
10, 004
10, 247
10,235
10,535
10,858
10,886
10 750
11, 127
11,391

2,606
2,687
2,727
2, 739
2,796
2,884
2,893
2 848
2,946
3,004

7, 136
7, 317
7, 520
7,496
7, 740
7, 974
7, 992
7 902
8, 182
8, 388

1,991
2,069
2, 146
2,234
2, 335
2,429
2,477
2 519
2, 594
2,669

5, 576
5, 730
5,867
6, 002
6, 274
6, 536
6, 749
6 806
7, 130
7, 423

6,389
6,609
6,645
6, 751
6,914
7,277
7, 616
7 839
8, 083
8,353

2, 302
2,420
2, 305
2, 188
2, 187
2,209
2,217
2 1^1
2,233
2,270

4, 087
4, 188
4, 340
4, 563
4, 727
5,069
5,399
5 648
5,850
6, 083

1961
54,042
55, 596
1962
56, 702
1963
58,331
1964
60, 815
1965
63, 955
1966
1 9 6 7 . . . . . 65, 857
67, 951
1968
1969
70,442
70,920
1970
71,222
1971
73, 714
1972
1 9 7 3 . . . . . 76, 896
1974
. 78,413
77,051
197 5
79, 443
1976
Mar
78, 169
Apr. . . . 78, 976
May . . . 79, 424
June . . . 80, 142
July . . . 79, 242
Aug. . . . 79, 555
Sept. . . 80, 277
Oct. - . . 80, 572
Nov. . , . SO 943
Dec. . . . 81, 099
1 °>11'
Jan. . „ . 79, 473
F e b . P . . 79, 727
Mar. P. . 80, 46?

19,814
20,405
20, 593
20,958
21, 880
23, 116
23,268
23, 693
24, 311
23, 507
22, 820
23, 546
24,727
24,697
22,603
23,332
2"2, 72 3
2 3, 047
23, 245
2 3, 662
23, 446
23, 806
24, 027
2 3, 8 04
23 781
23, 480

672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619
623
609
625
644
694
745
783
759
766
775
795
804
766
804
804
807
805

2,816
2,902
2,963
3, 050
3, 186
3,275
3,208
3, 306
3, 525
3, 536
3,639
3,831
4, 015
3,957
3, 512
i, 594
3, 285
3,468
3, 598
3, 750
3, 821
3, 869
3, 815
3, 815

16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20, 167
19,349
18,572
19,090
20 068
20, 046
18,347
18, 956
18, 679
18, 813
18,872
19, 117
18, 821
19, 171
19,408
19, 185

34,229
35, 190
36, 108
37, 373
38,936
40,839
42,589
44,258
46, 130
47,412
48,401
50, 167
52 169
53,715
54, 448
56, 111
55, 446
55, 929
56, 17S
56, 48C
55, 79£
55. 74<S
56, 25(
56, 768

3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4, 151
4,261
4, 311
4,435
4, 504
4,457
4, 517
4 644
4,696
4,498
4, 509
4, 462
4, 474
4. 494
4, 531
4, 540
4, 528
4, 560
4, 538

11,337
11,566
11,778
12, 160
12,716
13,245
13, 606
14,099
14,704
15, 040
15, 352
15,975
16 674
17,017
17, 000
17, 694
17, 216
17, 490
17, 606
17,757
17, 723
17, 754
17,870
17, 922

2,993
3, 056
3, 104
3, 189
3,312
3,437
3,525
3,611
3, 733
3,816
3,823
3,943
4 107
4, 223
4, 177
4 263
4, 194
4, 212
4, 228
4, 280
4, 297
4, 302
4, 300
4, 322

8,344
8, 511
8, 675
8,971
9,404
9, 808
10,081
10,488
10,971
11,225
11,529
12,032
12 568
12,794
12, 824
13 431
13, 022
13,278
13, 378
13, 477
13, 426
13, 452
13, 570
13, 600
1 -3 ft A t

19. 128

57, 16^
57, 619

~\7 1

3, 547

4, 553

18,559

4, 326 14, 233

2,731
2,800
2,877
2,957
3, 023
3, 100
3, 225
3,381
3, 562
3,687
3,802
3, 943
4 091
4,208
4,223
4 316
4, 246
4,276
4,278
4, 344
4, 368
4, 368
4, 347
4,355
4 368
4, 385

7, 664
8,594 2, 279
8,890 2, 340
8, 028
9,225 2, 358
8,325
9, 596 2, 348
8, 709
9, 087 10, 074 2, 378
9, 551 10, 792 2, 564
10,099 11,398 2,719
10, 622 11,845 2,737
11, 228 12,202 2,758
11,621 12,561 2,731
11,903 12,887 2,696
12,392 13,340 2,684
13 021 13 739 2 663
13, 617 14,177 2, 724
14, 006 14, 720 2,748
14 644 14 948 2 733
14, 344 15, 178 2, 724
14, 536 15, 153 2, 730
14, 654 15, 147 2,735
14,815 15, 033 2, 758
14, 825 14, 340 2, 775
14, 869 14,230 2, 754
14,813 14,660 2, 717
14, 849 15, 104 2, 711
14 858 15, 268 2, 720
14, 861 15,261 2,725

6, 315
6, 550
6,868
7,248
7,696
8,227
8,679
9, 109
9,444
9,830
10,192
10,656
11 075
11,453
11,973
12 215
12,454
12, 423
12,412
12, 275
11, 565
11, 476
11, 943
12, 393
12, 548
12, 536

23, 005
23, 043
23, 415

806
811
326

3, 198
3, 243
3, 42 5

19, 001
18, 989
19. 164

56, 46E 4,499
56, 68^ 4,496
57, 04* 4, 533

17, 791
17, 672
17, 788

4,297 13,494
4, 300 13, 372
4, 320 13, 468

4, 379 14, 740
4, 398 14,887
4,427 15, 003

p = preliminary.




1 Q 7 '7.7

in

7 •? -}

_
_
_
_
_

_

-

-

_
_
_

_
_
_
-

A

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_

_

15, 05S 2, 697 12, 362
15, 231 2, 705 12, 526
15, 29^ 2, 709 12, 586
-

NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959. This inclusion has resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.

65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
[In thousands]
Production workers '

All employees

SIC
Code

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

TOTAL . . .

77,586

PRIVATE SECTOR

62,488

Industry

MINING

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977 P

Mar.
1977 p

78,169 79,473

79,727

80,461

62,991

64,414

64,496

752

759

806

811

89.2
23.7
33.9

89.6
24.2
33.9

95.6
25.2
36.6

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977 P

65,166

51,241

51,711

52,746

52,803 53,453

826

568

574

600

604

96.0
25.5
36.4

68.6
18.9
25.6

68.9
19.5
25.5

73.6
20.2
28. 1

73.7
20.4
27.9

10
101
102

METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores

11,12
12

COAL MINING
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

212.6
208. 7

213.3
209.4

225.3
221.4

226.3
222.5

182.4
179.0

182.7
179.4

183.0
179.6

184.5
181. 1

13
131,2
138

OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
• Crude petroleum and natural gas fields
Oil and gas field services

344.7
160.6
184. 1

345.7
160.8
184.9

379. 6
167.5
212. 1

381.7
168.6
213. 1

235.4
81.3
154. 1

236.4
81.3
155. 1

262.5
83.3

179.2

262.8
82.6
180.2

14
142
144

NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel

105.8
34. 9
31.0

110.0
37. 1
32.3

105.0
34.7
30.8

106.7
36.0
31. 1

81.8
27.2

85.9
29, 8

81. 1
27.5

83.0
28.8

2,456

2,552

2,435

2,484

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

3, 185

3,285

3, 198

3,243

15

GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS . .

968.6

992.7

965.8

972.6

736.0

760. 6

722.4

733.2

16
161
162

HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, nee
,

558.6
201.7
356.9

593. 1
220.3
372.8

553.3
201.8
351.5

571.2
211.7
359.5

433.3
157. 9
275.4

465. 5
175.5
290.0

415. 1
150.3
264.8

432. 6
160.3
272.3

17
171
172
173
174
176

SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Roofing and sheet metal work

3,425

1, 657.4 1,699.3 1,679.3 1,698.7
417. 6
420. 1
411.4
415. 1
122.2
105.8
120. 1
111.0
3 16.2
319.2
308.8
319.3
167. 1
177.2
184.3
183.9
107. 0
114.8
117.2
118.9

Mar.
1977 p

619

2,663

1,286.4 1,326.2 1,297.2 1,318. 1
309.7
313^2
313.5
310. 1
87.8
101.3
92.8
100.0
247.4
247.3
245.4
239.2
150.8
157.4
139. 1
156.3
90.5
94.3
81.4
91. 1

13,590 13,803

18,545

18,679

19, 001

18,989

19,164

13,2 90

13,409

13,606

10, 737

10,835

11, 141

11, 104

11,239

7,626

7,712

7,936

7,901

7,808

7,844

7,860

7,855

7,925

5,664

5,697

5,670

5,689 5,740

19
192
1925
1929

ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES
Ammunition, except for small arms
Complete guided missiles
Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee

161. 1
106. 0
87.5
18.5

160.4
105. 1
86.7
18.4

156.9
102.7
84.8
17.9

155.8
101.6
84. 0
17.6

155.9
101.6

73. 1
37.7
24.4
13.3

73.0
37.5
24.3
13.2

24
241
242
2421
243
2431
2432
244
244t,2

LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Logging camps and logging contractors .
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general . .
Millwork, plywood and related products
Millwork
Veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wooden boxes, shook, and crates . . .
Miscellaneous wood products

575.2
71.7
204.3
173. 8
186.5
85.5
70.2
21.0
16.7
91.7

578.9
70.2
202.8
172. 1
191.7
87. 1
71.8
21.3
17. 1

602. 1
70.5
207.3
175.8
205.7
94. 1
75. 1
20.4
16.4

606.3
69.9

612.5

478.9

210.3
178.4
205.6

211.4

180.5
153.3
153.5

92.9

98.2

MANUFACTURING
19,24,25,
32-39
20-23,
26-31

DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS

8,063

DURABLE GOODS

249

See footnotes at end of table.

66




95.2
75.3
20.8

16.5
99.7

70.5
36.5
23.4
13. 1

69.4
35.3
22.4
12. 9

72.3
37.4

482.5

506.7

511.3

518.8

178. 6
151.2
158.6
71.5
64.2
18. 8
15. 1
74. 5

183.6
155.6
169.9
76.6
67.0
17. 9

186.3 188.2
157.9
169.9 (*)
77.3
66.9
18.3
17.9
14. 6
81.5
82.8

66.6

(*)

20.5
100.9

69.8

62.6
18.4
14.7
73.4

14. 5
79.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued

[In thousands]
Production workers 1

All employees

SIC
Code

Industry

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

500.6
(*)

3 93.8
2 94.9

395.9
296.3

403.4
299.8

28.9

43.6

43.5

84. 6
25. 5
29.0
37.5
32.4

600.5
15.6
127.3
75.8
51.5
28.0
42.8
18.3
42.5
174. 1
132.0
23.8

631.5

Feb.pP
1977

Mar. r
1977^

Feb. -,P
1977

Mar.,]
1977

DURABLE GOODS-Continued
25
251
2511
2512
2515
252
254

253,9

32
321
322
3221

3229
324
325
3251
326
327
328,9
3291

33
331
3312
332
3321
3322
3323
333,4
3334
335
3351
3352
3357
336
3361

3362,9
339
3391

34
341
342
3421,3,5

3429
343
3431,2
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444

3446,9
345
3451
3452
346
347
348

349
3494,8

FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Other furniture and fixtures

480.2
348.4
177. 1
101.5
33.4
36.8

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS . . .
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Brick and structural clay tile
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products... .
Other stone and nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products

493.4
355.8

50.6
44.4

483.4
350.6
177.7
102.5
33.3
37.0
51.3
44.5

592.8

602.9

609. 1
16.0
131.5
77.2
54.3
28.5
46. 1
19.5
40. 9
175.0
132.6
24.3

16.5
127.3
73.7
53. 6
28.2
44.9
19.6
42.9

170.6
127.3
23.4

16.4
128.4
74
54
28
45
20
43.6
176.0
129.2
23.8

182.0
104.2
32.3
40.6
52.5
44.5

491.4
356. 1
181. 1
104.8
32.0

39.8

51.9

(*)

(*)
(*)

186.7
134.2

411.0
(*)

38. 1
32.6

159.2
85.7
24.7
32.8
38.8
32.0

403.0
301.3
159.0
86. 1
24.5
32.0
38.4
31.3

468.8
13. 1
109.6
64.7
44.9
22.0
35.6
16.2
36.3
129.6
95.8
16.4

477.3
13. 1
110.5
65. 1
45.4
22.0
36.3
16.6
36.8
134.5
97.2
16.9

480.2
12.8
114. 1
69.2
44.9
22.2
36.2
15.7
34.4
133.4
99.2
17. 1

470. 1
12.4
109.7
67.7
42. 0
21.8
33.0
14
35.6
131.6
99.0
16.7

501.3

903.7
406.8
353.2
178.0
114.0
15.5
48.5
61.6
24.0
137.6
26.0
39.9
57.4
63.7
35.2
28.5
56.0
37. 1

914.8
410.7
357.0
180.4
116. 1
16.5
47.8

921.6
413.2
359.0

911.3

406.0

924.6
(*)

155.4

155.4
85. 0
25. 5

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
..
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries
Nonferrous metals
,
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawmg
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum rolling and drawing
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating . .
Nonferrous foundries
,
Aluminum castings
Other nonferrous castings
Miscellaneous primary metal products
Iron and steel forgings

1, 158.6 1, 169.4 1, 180.2 1, 170.5 1, 183.0
524.5
532.0
526. 1 (*)
527.9
453.5
459.8
454.8
456.7
216.4
214.6
214.5 215.7
219.2
137.5
135.9
138.9
138.8
20. 0
19.8
19.4
20.6
60.7
57. 1
56.2
59.8
81.4
86. 1
85.6
84.7
81.8
30.2
35.0
34.3
30.5
187.6
194.7
194.5
197. 6
189.9
34.3
35.5
35.6
34.5
56.5
62.2
61.9
57.9
77.0
77.5
77.5
77.8
77.2
80.6
81.8
80.4
78.3
42.0
44.4
44.6
42.9
35.4
35.2
36.2
35.8
72.3
71.5
72.2
70. 7
69.4
47.7
47. 1
46.6
44.2

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Cutlery and hand tools, including saws . .
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Sanitary ware and plumbers' brass goods .
Heating equipment, except electric . . . . .
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural steel
Metal"doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) . . . .
Sheet metal work
Architectural and miscellaneous metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal stampings
Metal services, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products . . . .
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products . . .
Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings

1,351.0 1,364.5 1,403.3 1,394. 9 1,416.5 1,013.6 1, 025.4
61.8
62.5
60.3
58.9
53.8
52.9
(*)
161. 7 164.2
173.0
124.2
173.2
172. 1
126.7
69.9
68. 8
52.3
70. 9
71.9
53.4
94.3
92.9
71.9
101. 1 101.2
73.3
68.6
67.7
49.6
71.4
72.8
71.8
50.5
31.5
31. 1
23. 7
31.9
32. 5
24. 1
37. 1
36. 6
25.9
39.5
39.3
26.4
437. 9 439. 1 448. 7 442.0
301.2
302.2
(*)
100. 0
96. 0
71. 0
98.6
94.6
69.7
64. 1
70. 1
46.4
64.4
66.4
46.4
140.0
91.4
139.4
136.9
136.3
90. 7
80.4
56.5
82.4
88.6
88.6
58.6
53.4
35.9
54.3
57. 1
56. 1
36.8
94.3
72.7
96. 1 102.4
103.4
102.9
74. 1
43.4
35.4
44. 1
48.7
49.0
35.9
50.9
37.3
52. 0
53.7
53.9
38.2
220.7 225.2
230.7
228.4
227.9
178.9
183. 1
86.5
88.3
93.9
91.7
91.7
70.5
71.9
58.0
58.9
58.4
57.9
58.5
45. 7
46.7
161.7
167.3
169.2
169.4
117. 0 117.3
(*)
107. 1 107. 7
111.0
111. 0
73.6
74.0

62. 0
24.4

139.5
26.2
41. 0
58.2

65.0
36. 1

28.9
57.2
37.8

175.2
114. 1
16.0

45. 1

65.5
28.4
143.8
26.9
44.9

58. 1

66.7
37.3
29.4
57.2
37. 1

352.6
175.2
115.5
15.6
44. 1
64.9
27.8
144. 0
27. 1
44.9
58.2
66.5
37.4
29. 1
54.7
35. 1

31. 1

(*)

(*)
(*)
143.9
101. 1

176.0

64.0
147.2

j67. 9
56. 1

1, 058. 9 1,053. 1 1, 083. 7
50. 0
51.3
(*)
134. 5
135.5
135.7
54. 9
56.0
79.6
79.5
53.4
53. 0
54. 0
25. 1
24. 5
28.3
28.5
305. 6
310.6
(*)
66.6
68. 1
48.5
51. 1
87.8
88.2
64.6
64.3
38. 1
38.9
80.4
79.8
80. 7
40.4
40. 1
40. 0
39.7
186. 1
185.3
187. 9
74.6
74.7
76.9
45. 6
45.6
45. 7
123. 1
122. 9
(*)
76.4
76. 6

See footnotes at end of table.




67

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued

[In thousands]
Production workers1

All employees

SIC
Code

Industry

Feb.

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
I977P

Mar.
1977 P

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977P

Mar.
1977

DURABLE GOODS-Continued
35
351
3511

3519
352
353

MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Steam engines and turbines
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm machinery
Construction and related machinery

3531,2

Construction and mining machinery . . . .

3533

Oil field machinery

3535,6

Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails . . . .

3537
354

Industrial trucks and tractors
Metal working machinery

3541

Machine tools, metal cutting types

3544

Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures

3545

Machine tool accessories

3542,8
355

Miscellaneous metal working machinery .
Special industry machinery

3551

Food products machinery

3552

Textile machinery

3555

Printing trades machinery

356

General industrial machinery

3561

Pumps and compressors

3562

Ball and roller bearings

3564

Blowers and fans

3566

Power transmission equipment

357
3573
358
3585

Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Service industry machines
Refrigeration machinery

359

Miscellaneous machinery, except electrical . .

36
361

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES..
Electric test and distributing equipment

3611

Electric measuring instruments

3612

Transformers

3613
362
3621
3622
363

3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3642
3643,4
365
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3

3674,9
369
3694
37
371
3711

Switchgear and switchboard apparatus . .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers . . . .
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Lighting fixtures
Wiring devices
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories . . . .
Electron tubes
Other electronic components
Miscellaneous electrical equipment
and supplies
Engine electrical equipment
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment

Motor vehicles

3712

Passenger car bodies

3713

Truck and bus bodies

3714

Motor vehicle parts and accessories

3715

Truck trailers

372
3721

Aircraft and parts
Aircraft '.

3722

Aircraft engines and engine parts

3723,9

Other aircraft parts and equipment

373
3731

...

Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing

See footnotes at end of table.

68




£,045. 1 ,052. 6 2 , 130.9 2 , 138.8 , 141.2 1,324.7 ,330.0 1,379.5 1,385.0
116.8
73.3
112.8
75.6
74.9
73.4
116.4
112.7
115.4
42.8
22.8
23.4
23.0
22.8
43.9
42.7
43.3
70.0
50.
5
52.2
51.9
50.
6
72.
5
70.0
72. 1
106.2
104.6
104.3
107. 6
151. 1
149. 1
148. 6
149.9
218. 1
218. 1
217. 7
217.4
338.8
335.7
337.4
337.4
335.4
116.3
112.4
112.6
115.6
174. 7
179. 1
175. 5
179. 5
49.8
49. 0
48.8
49.8
69.5
69.4
69.2
69. 1
27.4
28.8
28. 6
27.6
48.8
45.6
48.6
45. 1
18.0
21.4
21.3
17.9
32.5
28.9
32. 1
28.8
236.4
235.5
221.0
220.5
321.6
303.7
321.0
322.9
302.5
40.4
40.0
37.7
38.3
62.0
58.4
61.7
58.9
95.4
94.7
103.2
104.3
129.5
119.0
128.4
117. 8
37.8
37.6
40.
1
40. 1
56.
1
53.0
56.
1
52.9
50. 1
49.9
52.2
51.6
74. 0
73.3
74.8
72.9
111.5
177.2
113.4
111.8
177.5
113.4
175.2
178.4
175. 0
26.0
26.8
26.2
41.7
27.2
40.5
41.7
40.4
22.2
22.0
22.5
21.8
30.4
31.4
30.6
31.0
15. 1
15.0
14. 9
15.0
25. 8
25.0
25.8
25. 1
184.4
193.2
185.4
2 83. 0 2 92. 5 2 93. 5 293.2
192. 5
281.5
48. 1
51.0
48.3
84.4
81.0
50.5
83.7
80. 0
40.5
41.8
40.7
54. 8
53. 5
41.9
54. 7
53.2
20.7
22.9
20.6
35.7
32.4
22.7
35.3
32.3
33.6
32.6
33.7
46.7
47.7
32.5
46.7
47.5
311.7
3 09.7
307.3
283.4
112.4
125.0
124.0
112
282.6
235.5
70. 1
81.8
80.5
70.4
212.5
232.9
211.8
109.2
117.4
117. 6
110.9
168.7 • 169.8 171.9
159.9
157.9
78.2
84.3
84.5
119.5
79. 1
118.3
111.7
110. 6
263.8
201.3
266. 1
199.6
189.6
189. 1
261.6
247.9
247.5

,387.6
76.4

216.8

238.0

112.8

192.9

128. 1
118.6
203. 9

1, 787. 5 1,799.4 1, 871. 9 1,879.9 1,888.7 1, 172.8 1, 182.3 1,236.0 1,244.2 1,253.7
127.2
197.2
196.6
131.8
125.6
132.6
133.4
197. 1
191. 6
189.9
40.9
40.3
72.6
44.4
44. 0
68.3
73. 1
69.0
35.0
48.5
34.3
34.
6
48.2
34. 1
48.3
49.4
51.3
51.0
53.6
73. 1
75.7
75.8
53.7
73.2
220.2
145. 1
219.4
207. 6 218. 1
206. 1
155.3
146.8
156. 1
156.9
76.4
77.5
106.6
106.4
103.8
79.8
79.4
102. 9
41.3
41.4
46. 1
70.3
69.3
64.4
45.6
64. 1
174. 1
164. 1
170.5
167.2
125.8
162.3
132.5
127.4
136. 0
129. 1
29.0
37. 1
35.3
37.4
28.2
28.8
37. 6
26.4
18.4
20. 1
19.3
24.3
25.6
24.0
18.6
24.9
36.8
40.0
36.6
50.5
50.4
40. 1
46.8
46.9
146.4
204.3
154. 7
144. 0
157.5
153. 1
201. 8
200. 5
191.4
188.7
31.9
33.5
33.7
31.3
37.7
38.0
35. 9
35.3
49.6
48. 9
50.4
48. 0
65.3
64.7
63.8
62.7
69.8
65.6
70. 8
64.7
98.8
91.7
97.8
90.7
89. 7
90.6
90.0
90. 1
128.0
127.3
125.8
127.9
124.7
90. 1
208. 1
208.4
214.8
213.6
420.8
428.9
420.8
427. 1
(*)
(*)
93.4
83.8
84.0
94.7
132. 1
141.2
132.2
139. 6
124.3
124.4
287. 7
288.7
120.2
120. 1
288.6
287. 5
383.5
361.2
230. 7 245. 0 246.5
228.8
358.3
382.3
245.0
382.6
41. 9
26.7
27.4
27.3
41.8
26.9
41.9
41.6
218.2
203.3
201.5
341.6
3 16.5 319.3
219.6
341.0
136. 7
70.4
1, 680.8
811.7
334.3
44. 1
36.7
377.0
19.6
493.4
266.2
133.2
94.0
207. 1
162. 7

136.9
71.0

151.9
80.0

150.7
80. 1

151.6

105.0
55.3

105. 1
56.0

118.4
64. 1

117. 0
64.3

117.5

,707.2 1,769.0 1, 734. 1 1,774.7 1, 184.2 1,210. 1 1,256.4 1,223. 1 1,267.4
830. 6
840.8
686.3
629.2
878.3
649.5
669.4
859.9
647.9
346.6
274.3
330. 1
246.3
365.1
240.3
259.2
34.4
48.8
46.6
38.4
38.0
49. 1
36.7
37.5
27.7
40.2
30
39.6
30.9
28.4
379,6
306.5
397.7
325.7
401.3
321.8
308.
20.2
23.2
17.7
14.3
24.0
18.5
14.9
483.4
490. 1
248.7
480.8
258.9
247.3
(*)
255.7
(*)
261. 1
264.3
123.5
260.0
129.2
123.3
127.3
132. 1
132.6
71.
1
130.6
72.2
70.
1
71.8
93.2
90.2
54. 1
90.2
57.5
53.9
56.6
221.5
208.5
176.9
222.9
165.9
(*)
166.9
(*)
178.4
172.0
162.5
136.3
129.3
(*)
128.9
(*)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued

[In thousands]
All employees

SIC
Code

Industry

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Production workers

Feb.
1977p

Mar.
1977 p

Feb. p
1977

Jan.
1977

Mar.
1976

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1977

p

DURABLE GOODS-Continued
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT-Continued

3732
374
375,9
38
381
382
3821
3822
383,5
385
384
386
387

Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Other transportation equipment
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS .
Engineering and scientific instruments
Mechanical measuring and control devices . . . .
Mechanical measuring devices
Automatic temperature controls
Optical and ophthalmic goods
Ophthalmic goods
Medical instruments and supplies
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

44.4
44.2
124.4

46.0
44.2
133.8

49.5
45.2
140.6

50.7
45.0
144. 6

497.
60.0
114.0
75.5
38.5
61.5
40.3
105.
126.4
30.3

501.4
59.7
115.3
75.8
39.5
62.4
40.9
106.5
127.4
30. 1

519.2
58.7
119.9
78.6
41.3
67.9
43
112.8
130.0
29.9

521. 9
58.9
121.2
79.6
41.6
68. 1
44.0
113.5
129.7
30. 5

521.5

406. 6
52. 1
107. 0
54.0
53.0
35.3
55.
156.9
24.5

414. 6
53.2
111.2
56.2
55.0
35.4
56.3
158.5
24.6

404. 5
54. 0
110.0
54.5
55.5
32.8
51.0
156.7
23.5

409. 7
54. 5
112.4
56. 6
55.8
33.2
51.4
158.2
23. 6

412.4
(*)

36. 6
32. 4
97. 8

122.0
(*)
113.8
129.8

301. 8
29.
72.
44.
27.
41.
29.
70.
63.
24.

4
6
7
9
7
4
9
0

2

38 0
32 5
107 1

40. 6
33. 6
110. 9

41.8
33.2
114.7

6
1
8
6
2
4
0
9
4
0

316. 7

31.8.7
27. 7
78.4
48.7
29.7
46.3
31. 7
76. 1
66.2
24. 0

319. 7

1
1
5
4
1
4
3
121. 8
20. 4

305. 7

311.5
39.6
85.5
40.6
44. 9
23. 6
51.5
121.3
19.3

322.
(*)

303
29
72
44
28.
42
30
71
63
24

28.
76.
47.
29.
46.
32.
75.
66.
23.

0
8
6
2
4
0
6
3
6

79.8
(*)
76.9
66.8

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING

39
391
394
3941-3
3949
395
396
393,9
393

INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Toys and sporting goods
Games, toys, dolls, and play vehicles . .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies . . .
Costume jewelry and notions
Other manufacturing industries
Musical instruments and parts

(*)

3 10. 1
1
9
7
2
2
2
120. 7
20. 3
38.
80.
38.
42.
25.
45.

317
39
84.
40.
44
25.
46.

3
9
4
5
2
0
119. 3
19. 1
39.
82.
38.
44.
23.
41.

NONDURABLE GOODS
20
201

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products

2011

Meat packing plants

2013

Sausages and other prepared meats

2015
202
2024

Poultry dressing plants

2026

Dairy products
Ice cream and frozen desserts
Fluid milk

203

Canned, cured, and frozen foods

2031,6

Canned, cured, and frozen sea foods . . . .

2032,3

Canned food, except sea foods

2037
204

Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products

2041

Flour and other grain mill products . . . .

2042
205

Prepared feeds for animals and fowls . . .
Bakery products

2051

Bread, cake, and related products

2052
206
207
2071
208
2082
2086

Cookies and crackers
Sugar
Confectionery and related products
Confectionery products
Beverages

209
21
211
212
22

Malt liquors
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Miscellaneous foods and kindred products
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES .
Cigarettes
Cigars
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS

221

Weaving mills, cotton

222

Weaving mills, synthetics

223

Weaving and finishing mills, wool

224

Narrow fabric mills

225

Knitting mills

2251

Women's hosiery, except socks .

2252

Hosiery, nee

2253

Knit outerwear mills

2254

Knit underwear mills

1,632.2 1, 626.9 1,659.5 1, 647. 9 1,649.9 1,094. 9 1, 089. 8 1, 111. 6 1, 100. 0 1, 100.5
289.3
351.3
353.3
355.7
339.4
286.6
339.0
292. 6
276. 3
277. 1
138.2
173. 0
173.2
167.4
167.4
139. 6
134. 2
134. 0
47. 8
66.7
66. 1
66.0
67.6
48. 3
46. 5
46. 4
105.5
103.3
113. 6
106. 0
95. 7
96. 6
104. 7
114.9
188.0
189.3
96.6
97. 2
98. 3
98.5
188.8
188.7
190.9
99. 7
21.2
10.7
20.3
10. 6
12. 4
11. 4
22.0
20.4
51.7
122.4
123. 0
53. 1
123.3
52. 3
53. 2
122.9
245.8
258.4
196.6
251.9
244.8
195. 2
210. 0
203. 5
42.5
38. 7
33. 4
35. 6
33.3
41.6
36. 6
39. 1
106.7
107. 8
80. 6
82.3
105. 0
82. 0
104.9
79. 3
50.4
62.3
3
5
3
.
8
50.
57.
6
59.4
59. 1
65. 6
147.
0
2
5
101.5
0
98.
139.8
97.
101. 9
147.
1
139.9
146.9
101.
18.5
18. 5
26.0
18. 4
18. 6
27.6
26.2
27.2
48. 9
50. 0
73.0
75.6
73. 1
48. 5
75.6
49. 5
135. 6
238.3
237. 1
136.4
236. 7
237. 7
236. 5
137. 2
135. 3
135. 3
104.3
197.6
197. 1
196.6
195.5
104. 7
103. 3
102. 8
32. 5
31.3
40. 5
32. 5
32. 0
40. 6
41.0
39. 1
31. 0
37. 0
28. 7
37.4
22. 6
24.4
32.0
29. 3
76.5
57. 4
76. 1
78.4
60. 3
58. 2
58. 6
75.3
59. 0
77. 2
56. 1
56.7
44. 9
43. 7
43. 3
55.2
55. 7
43.4
225.0
5
97.
3
6
105.
0
224.3
209.9
221.2
217.2
104.
102.
102. 5
34. 0
25. 1
31. 7
48. 1
47.4
38.8
47.6
33. 0
45. 1
130.2
131.3
46. 1
126.8
46. 5
125. 7
45. 9
146.6
146.0
94. 0
146. 9
144. 6
94. 1
92. 9
94. 5
145.4
94. 5
74. 9
45.8
11.2

70.3
45. 7
11.0

74. 1
44. 8
9.8

70.9
44. 5
10. 0

67.9

62. 0
37. 5
9. 8

57. 3
37. 2
9. 7

61. 2
36. 6
8. 5

57. 6
36.0
8.6

54.8

961.7
173.8
122.3
22.3
26.5
254. 8
38.2
34.2
72.8
38.4

962. 9

956.2
174.3
122. 1
23. 1
25. 5
253.6
38.5
33.5
73.5

961.4
173.8
121.6
23.2
25. 5
258. 5
38.5
34.8

968.5
172.0
121.0
23. 6
25.8
263.3

839. 8
158. 0
109. 6

841. 2
158. 0
109. 0

833. 4
157. 9
109. 6

39. 1

19. 0
23. 4
220. 6
33. 1
30. 7
63. 2
33. 9

19. 4
22. 1
217. 4
34. 1
29. 8
62. 3
34. 0

845.5
155.7
108.6
19.8
22.5
227. 3

39.5

18. 7
23. 0
218. 5
33. 6
30. 3
61. 2
33. 7

838. 1
157.4
109.3
19.5
22.2
221.9
34. 1
31.0
64.7
33.9

173.7
121. 9
22.6
26.9
256.3
37.6
34.5
74.5
38.8

76.5

See footnotes at end of table.




69

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
[In thousands]

Production workers1

All employees

SIC

Industry

Code

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977P

Mar.
1977P

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977

66.5
47. 9
139.4
53.2

66.5
48.6
139.6
53. 1

Mar.
TQ77P

NONDURABLE GOODS-Continued
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS-Continued

226
227
228
229

Textile finishing, except wool
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS

23
231

Men's and boys' suits and coats

232

Men's and boys' furnishings

2321

Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear

2327

Men's and boys' separate trousers

2328

Men's and boys' work clothing

233

Women's and misses' outerwear

2331

Women's and misses' blouses and waists

2335

Women's and misses' dresses

2337

Women's and misses' surts and coats

2339
234

Women's and children's undergarments

Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

2341
2342

Women's and children's underwear
Corsets and allied garments

235

Hats, caps, and millinery

236

Children's outerwear

2361

Children's dresses and blouses

237,8

Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel

239
2391,2

Miscellaneous fabricated texile products
Housefurnishings
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS

261,2,6
263
264
2643
265
2651,2
2653
2654
27

Paper and pulp mills
Paperboard mills
Miscellaneous converted paper products
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding and setup paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING

271

Newspapers

272

Periodicals

273
275
2751
2752
278

Books
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, except lithographic
Commercial printing, lithographic
Blankbooks and bookbinding

274,6,7,9

Other publishing and printing ind

28
281
2812

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial chemicals
Alkalies and chlorine

2818

Industrial organic chemicals, nee

2819
282

Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins

2821
2823,4

Synthetic fibers
Drugs

283
2834

Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods

284
2841

Soap and other detergents

2844

Tiolet preparations

285

Paints and allied products

287

Agricultural chemicals

2871,2
286,9
2892
29
291
295,9

Fertilizers, complete and mixing only
Other chemical products
Explosives
PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Other petroleum and coal products

See footnotes at end of table.

70




82. 9
59.5
153.8
65.8

82. 9
59.4
153.0
66.2

78.5
60. 6
152.3
66.2

78.8
61.3
152.5
66.2

1,306.0 1,322. 9 1,252.0 1,283.4
88.5
88.2
88.9
88. 1
377. 0
373.7
382.4
380.3
113.7
117. 9
116.8
113.7
84.9
87.4
87.5
85.0
94.4
93.4
93.5
95.9
411. 0 362.8
402. 9
376.4
46.2
51.6
51.2
48.4
155.5
182. 6
175.7
163.2
50.7
57.5
57.5
51.9
110.4
119.3
118.5
112.9
97.7
101.4
100.0
99.9
73.9
76.7
75.2
76.0
23.8
24.7
24.8
23.9
15.8
15.8
15.7
16.2
74.7
78.3
78.0
77.0
30.5
31.6
31.3
31.0
64.4
66.3
65.4
65.6
178. 8
174.7
175.6
172.8
76.3
75.9
73.9
74.3

79.5
153.5
68. 1

70.7
46. 9
140. 6
53.8

70. 6
46. 5
139.7
54.4

,288. 1 1, 124.5 ,141.8 1,071.0 1,091.9
78.2
77.8
77.3
78. 1
86.0
322.5
329.3
327.3
318.0
382.5
98.5
103. 1
98.3
102.0
73.7
76.9
74. 1
76.9
76. 8
77.5
78.9
77.6
327.7
361.9
382.3
315.9
353.0
42.5
45.7
40. 6
45.3
144.3
164.2
137. 9
156. 6
43.4
48.6
42.2
48.5
97.5
103.4
95.2
102. 6
84.7
100.2
86.2
82.5
84. 9
65.7
66.4
63.7
65.0
19.0
19.8
18.8
19.9
14.3
13. 6
13.8
13.4
66.0
67.4
63.6
67.3
76.0
27.9
28.5
27.3
28.3
56.3
57.4
55.0
56.5
148.2
144.8
176.7
142.2
144. 1
64. 1
63.6
62. 1
62.0

67.5
140.7
54.8
, 108.0
76.5
328.2

334.0

85.3

64.8
146.2

498. 9
147.9
54.3
139. 1
34.4
157. 6
45. 6
73.0
24.6

503.0
149.2
54. 9
140.0
34.4
158. 9
46. 1
73.0
25. 1

512.5
152.0
56.7
141.3
35. 1
162.5
47.2
75. 6
25.3

512.5
151.0
56.5
143. 7
35.3
161.3
46.7
74.6
25.7

517.8
151.5
56.3
148.0

1,067.7 1,072.7 1, 089.3 1,092. 1 1,095.0
3 88.4 390. 8 390.9
376.4
378.0
69.7
71. 6
71.6
69. 6
88.8
88.4
86. 8
89.3
358.4
359.3
357. 8
357.8
358.5
201.3
204.3
202.2
200.3
146.2
144.8
145.0
146.8
51. 7
50. 6
49. 6
49.9
49. 1
131. 1
132. 0
132. 0
128.0
127.9

625.0
166.3
18.4
46.2
268.4
152. 1
108.2
39. 9
85.8

628.7
629.9
166.7 • 166.8
18.5
19.5
46.7
48.4
269.4
268.8
155.7
152.8
105.8
107.7
40. 5
39.9
85.8
87. 6

629.9
167.5
19.6
47. 7
266.4
152.7
105.5
41. 1
87. 6

635.0
166.8

1,019.3 1,026.9 1,036.2 1,041.0 1,042.5
339.3
340. 7
329.4
340.3
331. 7
20. 6
21.4
21.5
20. 6
137.4
136.4
141.0
140.9
109.3
108. 6
112. 1
112. 1
207.2
206. 6
202.8
203. 1
201.9
86.4
86.0
88.8
88. 7
108.7
108.4
101. 1
100.0
165.2
173. 0
172.3
164. 6
171. 1
137.8
13 6.8
131.4
131.9
122.5
122.4
121.7
118.5
118. 6
40.2
40. 1
38.0
37.4
48.5
47.8
48. 1
48.8
66.3
66.2
65.5
63.8
64.8
56.4
_61.2
57.7
55.9
59.0
34. 0
34.4
32. 9
35. 7
80. 0
77. 1
79.4
80.4
79. 1
13. 5
15.8
15.5
13.4

580.7
175. 7
15. 6
59.3
61. 0
137.6
52.7
76. 1
82.3
63.8
68.8
25.2
27. 1
34. 0
35.4
23. 8
46.9
10. 1

586.5
177. 7
15. 6
60. 1
61.7
138.3
53. 1
76.5
82.3
63.8
69. 0
24. 6
27.9
34. 5
37.4
25.3
47.3
9. 9

590. 1
181.5
15.0
64.2
60.0
134.8
55. 6
69.2
85. 9
66.5
72.7
26.6
28.2
34.2
34.6
22.5
46.4
8.5

592.2
181. 1
15. 1
64. 0
59.9
135.4
55.7
70. 1
86.4
67.0
72.8
26. 5
28.9
34.3
36. 1
23.8
46. 1
8.4

600. 9
183.4

12 6. 5
96.6
29. 9

127.7
96.5
31.2

128.0
96.3
31.7

127.3
95.7
31.6

13 1. 9
99.2
32.7

661.3
194.6
68.6
194. 1
42.5
204. 0
56.9
99.0
29.9

197.5
155.8
41. 7

665.5
195.9
69.0
195.3
42.8
205.3
57.4
99. 1
30.5

198.7
155. 6
43. 1

680.3
198.8
71.8
199.7
44.0
210.0
58.3
103.0
30. 6

200.3
156.3
44. 1

679.5
197.5
71.7
201.6
44.3
208.7
58. 0
102.2
31. 1

199.4
155.3
44. 1

684.8
198.8
71. 6
204.3
210. 1

200. 7
155.5
45.2

162.0

267.2
42.0
87.8

137.2
87.9
72.7
34.6
39.3
45.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued

[In thousands]
SIC
Code

Industry

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

All employees
Jan.
1977

Feb
1977P

Mar._
1977P

Feb.
1976

Production workers
Mar.
Jan.
Feb. T
1976
1977
19771

Mar
1977 P

NONDURABLE GOODS-Continued
30
301
302,3,6
302
307

RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC. .
Tires and inner tubes
Other rubber products
Rubber footwear
Miscellaneous plastics products

613.6
117.5
160.8
23.3
335.3

622. 1
117. 8
162.8
23.2
341.5

651. 7
120. 3
171. 9
21.9
359.5

656.3
121.0
170.6
21.0
364.7

661.5
121.3
171.2

31
311
314
312,3,5-7,9
316
317

LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Other leather products
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

273.7
24.6
172. 6
76.5
17.4
35.8

275.0
24.7
172.9
77.4
17.8
36.1

260.6
22.9
162.9
74.8
16.3
35,0

262.9
23.2
162.2
77.5
17.7
36.0

265.7
23.4

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

475. 6
85.1
125.6
19.8
264. 9

483.5
85.3
127. 3
19.6
270.9

509.9
89.0
135.3
18.
285.6

515. 1
90.3
134. 1
18. 1
290. 7

237.9
21.5
151.4
65.0
14.2
30.7

222.
19.
141.6
61.4
12.7
29.2

224.2
19.8
141. 1
63.3
13.9
30.0

227. 1
20.0

(*)
7 8.5

236.4
21.3
151. 1
64.0
13.8
30.3

4, 533

3, 810

3, 824

3, 839

3, 833

3, 859

67.7

66.7

65.6

66.5

32.5

32.9

35.9

33.2

950.1
877.2
72.9

960.0
887. 1
72.9

949.7
871.0
78. 7

957. 4
87 8. 1
79.3

16.4
337. 6
187.5
150. 1

12.3

12. 1

12.0

11.9

1, 151.3 1, 149.9 1, 151.6 1, 151. 6
945. 3
939.4
942.8
939. 8
17.3
17.1
(*)
(*)
155.4
159.2
159.6
156. 6

885,5
719.8
12.6
124.5

884.3
717.6
12.5
125.4

884.3
712 O 9
(*)
127. 1

883. 6
712. 1

608.4
259.5
130. 3
163. 7
54.9

609.9
260.2
130. 1
164.2
55.4

608.4
259.0
129.0
161. 6
58.8

610.0
258.8
130.2
161.4
59.6

4, 445

4, 462

4,499

4, 496

40
4011

RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION
Class I railroads2

512. 7
475.7

515.0
477.2

522.8
485.9

519.9
483.3

41
411
412
413

LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation

277.5
72.8
79.6
36.4

278.2
72. 1
79.6
36. 8

277. 9
71. 1
76.6
39.8

276.4
71.9
77.7
37.0

42
421,3
422
45
451,2

TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
TRANSPORTATION BY AIR
Air transportation

46
44,47

PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION
OTHER TRANSPORTATION AND SERVICES
WATER TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION SERVICES

48
481
482
483

COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Telegraph communication3
Radio and television broadcasting

49
491
492
493
494-7

ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
Electric companies and systems
Gas companies and systems
Combination companies and systems
Water, steam, and sanitary systems
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . . .
WHOLESALE TRADE
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment . . .
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products
Dry goods and apparel
Groceries and related products
Electrical goods
Hardware; plumbing and heating equipment . .
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous wholesalers

50
501
502
503
504
506
507
508
509

369.0

1, 066. 1 1, 076.5 1, 076. 8 1,085.1
980.5
991.2
993.2
985.1
85. 6
85.3
91.7
91.9
365.4
365.6
372.2
372.0
331. 1
331.4
336.7
336. 3
16.4
326.4
184.5
141.9

729.5
314.2
158.4
192. 3
64.6

16.4
329.6
185.5
144. 1

731.0
314. 8
158.4
192.6
65.2

16.4
346.2
196.2
150.0

735.4
314. 8
157.3
194. 6
68.7

737.2
314. 8
157. 7
194.6
70.1

518.8
90. 8
133. 8
294.2

(*)
65. 1

(*)
127O2

17, 109 17, 216 17, 791 17, 672
4, 194
4, 297
4, 189
4, 300
373.5
386.3
371.4
387. 7
238.2
238.4
240. 1
242.0
153. 6
158.2
155.6
156.9
604.9
608.6
603. 3
616.6
317.2
326.9
316. 6
324.6
182.3
187.7
182.5
188.2
872.9
904. 6
877. 1
899.8
1, 340. 1 1, 341.4 1, 370.3 1, 372.8

17, 788
4, 320

15, 086
15, 189
15,560
15,691
3, 463
3,466
3, 547
3, 547
303. 6
304.9
314.5
313. 8
190.9
190. 3
191. 1
190. 8
120. 1
121.5
121. 9
120. 9
526. 1
524.2
526.0
533. 1
267.3
267.0
273. 8
272. 1
151.5
151. 5
155.0
155. 8
720. 0
722.5
747.0
744.2
1,097.6
1, 094. 7
1, 122.4 1, 124. 8

15,663
3, 567

13,468

11,623
12, 144 12, 013
11,723
2, 190. 8 2,195.2 2, 337.3 2, 203.9
1, 496.7 1, 494.5 1, 619. 3 1, 523.5
106.4
100. 3
107. 8
105.4
275. 0
268.7
271.4
290. 1

12, 096

52-59
53
531
532
533

RETAIL TRADE
Retail General Merchandise
Department stores
Mail order houses
Variety stores

12,920
13, 022
13, 372
13, 494
2, 397.6 2, 399.2 2,537.6 2, 406. 8
1, 628.7 1, 623. 8 1, 745. 3
651.4
115.4
106.7
111.5
114.2
292.0
290. 3
310.6
295.2

54
541-3

FOOD STORES
Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores

2, 042.2 2, 037. 3 2, 097.5 2, 095.9
1, 863.2 1, 858.0 1, 910.7 1,908.9

1, 892.4 1, 887.5 1, 937.5 1, 935.4
1,727.1 1,722. 1 1,765.2 1, 763.1

See footnotes at end of table.




71

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued

[In thousands]

Production workers 1

All employees

SIC
Code

Industry

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb. DP
1977

778.5
139.2
289.0
121.5
158.9

778.2
135.5
290.7
122.5
160.0

822.7
147.4
299.3
130.0
170.0

790.3
140. 1
286.5
125.2
164.9

Mar. r
1977*

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

679.8
121.4
253.7
110.2
133. 1

679.0
117.4
255.3
111.2
134.0

715. 8
128.6
261.9
116.7
142.0

Mar..1
1977

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADEContinued
56
561
562
565
566

APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES

57

FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS

Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores

„

Shoe stores

537.4
525.2
541.9
319.4
322.0
324.6
318. 1
3, 377.3 3, 464. 1 3, 559.7 3, 609.3
934.2 3,932.3
3, 800.8
818.0
616.7
607.2
600.2
613.4
746.5
718.4
749.5
705.1
797.4
777.2
798.4
774.8
323.8
318.3
322.5
313.6
625.3
622.9
628.6
616.7
571.0
492.4
569.4
495.5
488.5
473.5
479,5
475. 3
84.8
79.6
79.7
84.6
136.0
137.7
131.6
138.2
109.8
104.1
107.3
109.6

Furniture and home furnishings
EATING AND DRINKING PLACES
OTHER RETAIL TRADE
Building materials and farm equipment
Automotive dealers and service stations
Motor vehicle dealers
Other automotive and accessory dealers
Gasoline service stations
Miscellaneous retail stores
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Book and stationery stores
Farm and garden supply stores
Fuel and ice dealers

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE4
60
61
612
614
62
63
631
632
633
64
65
655
656
66,67

4, 22 8

Banking
Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions
Security, commodity brokers and services
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Accident and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate
Subdividers and developers
Operative builders
Other finance, insurance, and real estate

987.

Hotels' and other lodging places
Hotels, tourist courts, and motels
Personal services
Laundries and dry cleaning plants
Photographic studios
Miscellaneous business services
Advertising
Credit reporting and collection

Services to buildings
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture filming and distributing
Motion picturo theaters and services
Medical and other health services
Hospitals
Legal services
Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Miscellaneous services

....

,

817.
821.
350.
44.
2, 044.
121.
77.
396.

218.
193.
62,
131.
4, 324,
2, 341.
353.
1, 312,
419,
724.

Engineering and architectural services

895,
398,

Nonprofit research agencies

145,

See footnotes at end of table.

72




4, 246

4, 398

4, 379

4, 427

1, 281.8 , 2 8 2 . 8 1, 317.5 , 317.2
454.9
451. 6
482.9
479.7
179.0
177. 1
197.6
196.0
193. 7
200.2
198.6
194. 7
172.2
178.8
177.2
174.3
, 098.8 1, 102.0 1, 127.5 , 134. 1
514.2
517.4
517.4
514.8
119.8
123. 3
122.9
120. 2
405.9
423. 8 429. 1
407. 8
336.5
353.2
350.4
338.6
772. 7
818.2
813.2
778. 2
103.4
108.3
106.9
105.6
52.9
58.0
55.5
53.4
114.5
113.7
113.3
115.2
14, 224

SERVICES
70
701
72
721
722
73
731
732
734
76
78
781
782,3
80
806
81
82
821
822
89
891
892

442.4
451.8
457. 3
443.3
270.7
273.2
276.5
271.9
3, 146. 8 3, 229.5 3, 320.0 3, 362. 3
3, 270.5 3,288.0 3, 375. 6 3, 374. 9
516.8
523. 8
509.6
520.3

523.6

STORES

571
58
52,55,59
52
55
551,2
553,9
554
59
591
594
596
598

14, 344

14, 740

14, 887

988.2 1, 017. 7 ,
808.4
828.0
801.0
820.0
346.3
348.6
39.3
44. 1
:, 064.0 , 173. 6 ;,

684.7
121.5
250.2
112.0
136.7

645.5
262.2

647. 8
266.5

664.1
270.7

665.6
269.6

424.4
68.0

421.8
67.9

434O 3
72.2

426.6
71.7

92.4

89. 3

94. 1

94.4

3, 216

3, 235

3, 327

3, 339

1, 008.9 1, 011.3 1,030.9 1,030.4
347.5
370.8
345.2
368.1
141. 7
143. 3
157.4
156.7
140.5
739.8
295.5
99.4
296.6

142.7
742.5
296.3
99. 1
298.5

144. 3
764.7
296.3
101.2
314.7

145.4
767.5
296.2
101.5
316.7

12, 816

12,928

13, 248

13, 393

024.7
811.7

756. 3

765.9

746. 3

748.4

798. 7
345.3
39.0

312.8
39.1

311.6
38.6

310.2
34.9

308. 6
34.7

46.4

44.5

49.0

49.7

177.5
130.5
128.5
122.7
84.4
84.4
78.3
416.6
420. 3
401. 5
224.6
223. 0
218. 3
188.4
191.8
195. 1
61.0
61.4
61.2
111.A
130.4
133.9
t, 354. 7 4, 570.3 L, 598.9
i, 357.2 2, 440.9 :f 451.4
383.5
385.3
356.1
L, 335.7 1,291.0 , 349.9
431.5
438.9
424. 1
680.2
726.6
739.9
940.5
950.
6
896.4
424.5
427. 5
400.6
160.2
156.8
146.9

3, 360

15, 003

2, 137.8 2, 152.4 2, 227.4 2, 237. 7

13, 486

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued

[In thousands]

Industry

GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 5

91

Executive
Department of Defense
Postal Service
Other agencies
Legislative
Judicial

92,93
92

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
State government
State education
Other State government
Local government
Local education
Other local government

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

15,098

15, 178 15,059

2

Beginning January 1976,
$10,000,000 or more.




Mar.,,P
1977

15,231

15, 295

2, 726 2, 724 2,697
2, 677.6 2, 675.4 2, 645.8 2,
937.1
934. 1 918.4
677.0
672. 3 650.0
1,063.5 1, 069.0 1, 077.4 1,
37.5
37.9
39.2
11.0
11.0
12.0
12, 372 12,454

2, 705
654.9
917.6
649.9
087.4
37.9
12. 1

12, 362 12,526

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

F e b . ,]
1977

19 a 77*P

2, 709

12, 586

3, 276.9 3,298.1 3, 292. 83, 367.9
1,427.2 1, 443.1 1, 401.5 1, 469.7
1, 849.7 1, 855.0 1, 891.3 1, 898.2
9,095.3 9, 155.9 9, 069. 19, 158.4
5, 191.9 5,243.6 5, 178.4 5, 258.8
3,903.4 3, 912.3 3, 890.7 3, 899.6

data relate to line haul railroads

Data for nonsupervisory workers exclude messengers.

Feb. p |
I977P

Jan.
1977

"1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction workers in
contract construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.

3

Production workers1

All employees

SIC
Code

with operating revenues of

4
Data for nonoffice sales agents excluded from nonsupervisory count for all series in this
division.
5
Prepared by the U.S. Civil Service Commission. Data relate to civilian employment only and
exclude Central Intelligence and National Security Agencies.

* Not available.
p=preliminary.

73

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-4. Indexes of employment on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division,
1919 to date, monthly data seasonally adjusted
[1967 = 100]
Goods-producing

Service-producing
Transpor-

Year
and

Total

Total

month

Mining

Contract
construction

Wholesale and retail trade

tation

Manufacturing

Government

Finance,
insurance,

and

Retail

public

trade

utilities

State

and real

and

estate

local

1919
1920
1925
1926....
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938....
1939
1940

41. 1
41.5
43.7
45.3
45. 5
45.6
47.6
44.7

55. 1
54.8
53.6
55.4
54. 7
54.2
57. 1
51.3

184.8
202. 1
177.7
193.3
181.7
171.3
177.3
164.6

31.8
26.4
45. 1
48.5
50. 1
50. 1
46.7
42.8

54.8
54.8
51. 1
52.2
51.4
51. 1
55.0
49.2

33.5
34.3
38.3
39.7
40. 5
40.8
42.4
41.0

87. 1
93.8
89.8
92.5
91.4
89.8
91.9
86.5

33. 2
32.8
41. 0
42. 5
43.4
43.2
45. 0
42.6

34.4
36.4
38.2
40.5
42.4
44.5
46.8
45.7

22.4
23.4
28.4
30.2
31.4
32.3
34. 1
33.4

23. 5
22.8
24.6
25.0
25.6
26.3
26.9
27.6

19.6
19.3

29.2
30.2

40. 5
35.9
36.0
39.4
41. 1
44.2
47. 1
44.4
46.5
49.2

44. 1
37. 1
38.5
44.0
46.8
51.2
55.5
48.9
52.8
56.7

142.4
119.2
121.4
144. 0
146.3
154.3
165.6
145.4
139.3
150.9

37.8
30.2
25.2
26.9
28.4
35.7
34.7
32.9
35.8
40. 3

42.0
35.6
38.0
43.7
46.6
50.5
55.5
48.5
52.9
56.5

38.5
35.2
34.7
36.9
38. 0
40.3
42.5
41.8
43. 1
45.0

76.4
66. 1
62.7
64.5
65.4
69.8
73.6
67.2
68.9
71.3

38.8
34.4
34. V
38.8
39.9
42.7
46. 0
45.4
47.2
49.6

47.8
49.8

47. 0
49.6

43.6
41.6
40. 2
40.9
41.4
43. 0
44.4
44. 2
45. 3
46.6

31. 5
29. 0
28.4
30.3
31. 1
32.9
34.8
34. 4
34. 8
36.4

28.6
28.3
27.8
28.9
30.5
32.2
33.0
34. 1
35. 1
36.9

20.6
20.6
20.8
24.0
27.7
30.4
30.6
30. 5
33. 3
36.6

31.2
30.7
30. 0
30. 5
31.4
32.7
33.7
35. 2
35.6
36.9

1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950

55.5
60.9
64.5
63.6
61.3
63.3
66.6
68.2
66.5
68. 7

68.5
79.3
86.4
83.0
75.2
74.0
79.4
80.6
75.4
79.4

156. 1
161.8
150.9
145.5
136.4
140.6
155.8
162.2
151.7
147.0

55.8
67.6
48. 8
34. 1
35. 3
51.8
61.8
67.6
67. 5
72.7

67.8
78.6
90. 5
89. 1
79.8
75.6
79.9
80. 1
74.3
78.4

48.4
50. 9
52. 5
53. 0
53.8
57.4
59.6
61.4
61.6
62.8

76.8
81.2
85. 6
89.9
91.7
95.3
97.8
98. 3
93.9
94.7

53. 0
52.3
51.3
51.9
53.8
61.6
65.8
68. 1
68. 1
69. 0

53. 1
51.7
49.4
50.0
52.8
62. 1
67.0
70.6
70.6
71.4

53.0
52.5
52.0
52.5
54. 1
61.4
65.4
67. 3
67.2
68. 1

48. 0
47.7
46.6
45.8
46.4
52.6
54. 4
56.7
57. 6
59. 5

38.8
40.4
41. 1
41.2
42.0
46.7
50. 0
51. 5
52. 1
53. 3

49.3
40.9
81.4
48. 1
106.8
53. 3
53.0 107. 7
52. 1 103. 3
82. 9
49. 1
48. 0 69.6
68. 5
49.6
70.2
51.4
70.9
52.9

38. 3
37.7
36.6
35.9
36. 1
38. 5
41. 3
43.6
45. 5
47.2

1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958....
1959
1960

72.7
74. 1
76.3
74.4
76.9
79.6
80.3
78.0
81.0
82.4

85.6
86.7
90.4
84.7
88.0
90.5
89.9
83.7
87. 5
87.6

151. 5
146. 5
141.3
129.0
129.2
134. 1
135. 1
122.5
119.4
116.2

81. 1
82. 1
81.8
81.4
87.3
93.5
91. 1
86.6
92.3
89.9

84.3
85. 5
90.2
83.9
86.8
88.7
88.3
82.0
85.7
86.4

65.6
67.3
68.6
68.8
70.9
73.6
75. 1
74.9
77.4
79. 5

99.2
99.7
100. 7
95.8
97.2
99.6
99.5
93.3
94. 1
94. 0

71.6
73. 5
75. 3
75.2
77.4
79. 8
80. 0
79. 0
81.8
83.7

73.9
76.2
77.4
77.7
79.3
81.8
82. 1
80.8
83.6
85.2

70.8
72.6
74.6
74.4
76.8
79. 1
79.3
78.4
81.2
83.2

61.7
64.2
66. 5
69.3
72.4
75. 3
76.8
78. 1
80.4
82.8

55.2
56. 7
58. 1
59. 4
62. 1
64.7
66.8
67.4
70.6
73. 5

56. 1
58.0
58. 3
59.2
60. 7
63.8
66.8
68. 8
70. 9
73. 3

84. 7
89. 0
84.8
80. 5
80.4
81.2
81.5
80.6
82. 1
83. 5

47. 1
48. 3
50. 0
52.6
54. 5
58.4
62.2
65. 1
67.4
70. 1

82. 1
1961
84.4
1962
86. 1
1963
1964
88.6
92.3
1965
1966
97. 1
100. 0
1967
103.2
1968
1969.... 107. 0
107.7
1970
108. 1
1971
111.9
1972
116.8
1973
1974
119. 1
1975
UL.O
1976 ... 120.6
Mar. . . 119.9
A p r . . .120.4
May . . 120.4
June . . 120. 5
July .. 120.7
Aug . . .120.9
Sept . . 121.4
Oct. . . 121.2
Nov . . .121.6
Dec . .. 122.0
1977:
Jan . . .122.3
Feb. P. 122.7
Mar. P. 123.5

85.2
87.7
88. 5
90. 1
94.0
99.3
100. 0
101.8
104. 5
101.0
98. 1
101.2
106.3
106.1
97.1
100.3
99-9
100.6
100.5
100. 4
100.3
100.2
100.8
100.2
100.9
101.0

109.6
106.0
103.6
103.4
103. 1
102.3
100. 0
98.9
101.0
101.6
99.3
102.0
105. 1
113.2
121.5
127.7
126. 1
126.4
126.6
127.4
129. 0
122.7
130.2
130.5
131.3
131.8

87.8
90. 5
92.4
95.1
99.3
102. 1
100. 0
103. 1
109.9
110.2
113.4
119.4
125.2
123.3
109.5
112.0
111. 5
112.8
112.4
112.0
112. 5
111. 6
111. 1
111.7
112.8
112.4

84.0
86.7
87.4
88.8
92.9
98.8
100.0
101.7
103.7
99.5
95.5
98.2
103.2
103. 1
94.3
97.5
97.2
97.7
97.7
97.6
97.4
97.6
98..2
97..4
8.0
8.2

80.4
82. 6
84.8
87.8
91.4
95.9
100. 0
103.9
108.3
111.3
113.6
117.8
122.5
126. 1
127.8
131.7
130. 9
131.3
131. 3
131.5
131.9
132.2
132.6
132.7
132,9
133. 5

91.6
91.7
91.6
92.7
94. 7
97.4
100.0
101.2
104. 1
105.7
104.6
106.0
109.0
110.2
105.6
105.8
105. 8
105.8
105.7
105.2
105.8
105. 6
106.3
105.7
106. 1
106. 9

83.8
86. 1
86.7
86.4
87. 5
94.3
100. 0
100.7
101.4
100.4
99.2
98.7
97.9
100.2
101.1
100.5
100. 6
100. 5
100.4
100. 3
100. 1
100. 5
100. 3
100.4
100. 6
100. 0

72.8
75. 5
79. 1
83. 5
88.7
94.8
100. 0
105. 0
108.8
113. 3
117.4
122.8
127.6
132.0
138.0
140.7
140. 1
140. 3
140.5
140. 9
140.9
141. 1
140. 8
141.2
141. 7
142. 0

111.0
113. 3
116.3

98.8
98.8
99.7

133.8
134.2
134.7

84. 7
86.8
89.2
91.7
93.7
96. 1
100. 0
104.8
110.4
114.3
117.9
122.3
126.9
130. 5
130.9
133.8
132. 6
133. 0
132.8
133.4
133. 7
133. 7
134. 5
13 5.2
135. 8
136. 5
137. 1
137. 6
138.2

75.4
78.0
80.9
84.2
88.4
94.7
100. 0
103.9
107. 1
110.2
113. 1
117.0
120. 5
124.4
129. 1
131. 1
130. 7
130.8
130. 9
131.2
131. 1
131. 4
131.2
131.5
131. 9
132.0

133.3
134.9
137.2

82.8
84.4
86. 1
89.0
93.3
97.3
100. 0
104. 0
108.8
111.3
114.4
119.4
124.7
126.9
127.2
133.2
132. 5
133. 0
133. 0
133. 0
133. 6
133.8
134. 5
134.2
134. 1
134.8
135. 5
136. 3
137. 0

75.9
79. 5
82.4
86.2
90. 0
94. 6
100. 0
105. 2
111.2
115. 1
117. 9
122. 7
128.9
134.8
138.7
145.0
142.8
143. 6
143. 9
144.3
144.8
145.6
146. 1
146.4
147. 3
147. 9

101.4
101.8
103.0

83.3
84. 9
85. 0 86.7
86.6
88. 1
89.4
90. 5
93. 5
94. 0
97.3
97. 5
100.0 100.0
103.6 102.4
108. 1 105.9
110. 5 108.3
112.8 108.5
117.4 111.9
122. 5 116. 5
125. 1 1.19.8
124.9
130.0 118.5
12;. 3 120.9
129.8 120.2
129-8 120.6
129.8 120.8
130.4 120.7
130. 6 121.2
131. 1 121.2
131. 0 121. 5
121.8
130. 9 121.7
131. 5 122. 1
106.8 132.2 122.6
106. 9 132. 9 123.2
107. 5 133.6 123.8

148. 6 131. 7 100. 1
149.2 131. 5 100. 1
149.8 131.7 100. 0

141.6
141.4
141.6

p= preliminary.
NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959. This inclusion has resulted in an

74




increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultrual total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-5. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
fin thousands]

1976

Industry division and group

Mar.

Apr.

May-

June

July

1977

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.p

Mar.p

TOTAL

78,980 79,312 79,319 79,368 79,513 79,618 79,918 79,819 80,106 80,344 80,561 80,816 81,304

GOODS-PRODUCING

23,248 23,403 23,381 23,357 23,344 23,310 23,463 23,323 23,489 23,508 23,589 23,680 23,955

MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures . . ;
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment and supplies
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nee
Leather and leather products

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

773

775

776

781

791

752

798

800

805

808

817

827

841

3,578

3,620

3,605

3,592

3,608

3,579

3,565

3,582

3,619

3,605

3,561

3,636

3,731

18,897 19,008 19,000 18,984! 18,945 18,979 19,100 18,941 19,065 19,095 19,211 19,217 19,383
10,956 11,016 11, 062 11,059
160
161
160
158;
600
597
601
601
493
488
496
493
62 6
618
627
628
187
178
193 1,200
387
380
392 1,390
056
047
068 2,069
830
818
837 1,837!
,742
739
747 1,743
509
505
512
513
42 6
425
429
427
7,941

1,698
75
966
1,319
671
1,074
1,030
204
627
277

7,992
1,707
76
973
1,322
677
1,076
1,036
205
641
279

7,938

1,712
76
977
1,321
679
1,079
1,034
203
578
279

7,925
1,718
75
973
1,320
678
1,077
1,029
202
577
276

11,034 11,083 11,146 11 018 11,128 11,158
155
157
156
156
156
156
613
605
613
621
62 6
605
491
486
495
491
493
490
630
62 8
630
636
629
631
194 1, 186 1,182
,216
,215
1,206
387 1,396 1,404
,404
394
1,387
078 2,106 2,107
090
,115
2,084
849 1,860 1,863
,843
,848
1,815
695 1,749 1,766
737
,737
1,728
511
510
512
514
517
512
415
418
420
413
415
420
7,911
1,719
80
970
1,299
680
1,082
1,037
201
572
271

7,896
1,715
78
969
1,292
679
1,082
1,040
202
572
2 67

7,954
1,711
76
971
1,281
681
1,086
1,035
202
643
268

7,923 7,937
1,706 1,711
76
75
960
961
1,273 1,276
677
680
1,087 1,089
1,032 1,038
202
203
645
642
2 64
263

11,236 11,226
156
156
62 5
62 6
494
49 5
631
623
1,183 1,178
1,413 1,413
2,125 2,132
1#874 1,889
1,790 1,764
521
52 5
424
42 5

7,937 7,975
1,710
1,721
75
74
957
958
1,271 1,278
680
684
1,089 1,090
1,041 1,044
205
204
656
647
265
2 63

11,361
156
631
505
647
1, 191
1,432
2, 135
908
807
52 6
423
8,022
1, 722
73
971
1,284
690
1,096

7,991
1,722
73
962
1,276
687
1,093
1,050
206
656
266

1,046
206
666
268

55,732 55,909 55,938 56,011 56,169 56,308 56,455 56,496 56,617 56,836 56,972 57,136 57,349
4,507

4,510

4,503

4,482

4, 508

4,501

4,528

4,506

4,519

4,553

4,549

4,555

4,579

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . . 17,592 17,662 17,663 17,664 17,737 17,764 17,839 17,824 17,808 17,898 17,981 18,086 18,177
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Medical and other health services
Educational services

GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL

4,236 4,250 4,258 4,254 4,271 4,272 4,283 4,292 4,291 14,304 4,323 4,343 4,364
13,356 13,412 13,405 13,410 13,466 13,492 13,556 13,532 13,517 13,594 13,658 13,743 13,813
4,276

4,289

4,282

4, 301

4,312

4,312

14,460 14,536 14,567 14,610 14,664 14,751
1,045 1,053 1,056 1,044 1,060 1,061
C
827
82 6
824
822 c 8 2 3
823
4,359 4,385 4,409 4,439 4,417 C 4,476
1,254 1,2 62 1,255 1,248 C
°1,252
l,248
14,897 14,912 14,923 14,954
14,980
14,948
2,735 2,733 2,730 2,728 2,723 2,732
12,162 12,179 12,193 12,226 12,225 12,248

4,338

4,38f "4,403

4,423

4,438

4,458

14,798 14,819 14,873 14,936 15,010 15,068 15, 124
1,068 1,069 1,071 1,090 1,099 2,000
C
„ C 817
808
808
814
808
809
C
4, 505 C 4, 519 4,548 4,577 4, 584 4, 608
c
l , 2 6 6 c l , 2 8 3 1,277 1,271 1,269 1,278
14,952 14,988 15,036 15,046 15,009 14,989 15,011
2,728 2,730 2,734 2,720 2,721 2,721 2,720
12,224 12,258 12,302 12,326 12,288 12,268 12,291
I

p = preliminary,

c = corrected.




75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]

1976
Industry division and group

TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING

Mar.

MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment and supplies . . . .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nee . . .
Leather and leather products

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
*.
SERVICES




June

1977
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.p Mar.p

17,012 17,154 17,141 17,101 17,085 17,029 17,180 17,032 17,172 17,158 17,190 17,264 17,579
587
2,823

588
2,866

588

592

2,860: 2,844

599
2,868

561

605

605

2,841

2,826

2,852

612

613

609

618

633

2,885

2,854

2,780

2,849

2,946

13,801 13,797 14,000
13,602 13,700 13,693 13,665 13,618 13,627 13,749 13,575 13,675 13,691
,975 7,833 7,929 7,955 8,026 8,012 8,168
7, 815 7,871 7,916 7,905 7,878 7,911
72
69
70
70
69
70
71
71
73
73
72
69
73
537
530
528
529
515
515
507
507
503
501
522
504
500
415
406
403
406
403
408
398
401
408
405
403
405
400
516
490
501
500
501
503
503
499
500
499
506
501
492
932
918
923
923
934
959
956
952
938
931
92 6
922
943
,062 1,044 1,051 1,059 1,069 1,070 1,098
1,039 1,047 1,052 1,049 1,045 1,051
,370 1,329 1,357 1,358 1,373 1,378 1,381
1,323 1,329 1,342 1,336 1,347 1,350
1,237 1,252 1,270
1, 198 1,210 1,218 1,218 1,199 1,222 1,224 1,224 1,232 1,231 1,278 1,251 1,292
1,234 1,239 1,241 1,236 1,219 1,228 1,230 1,186 1,23* 1,251
322
321
318
315
312
311
311
314
312
312
310
306
313
333
327
325
314
322
317
318
320
315
329
327
32 8
328
5,832
5,785
5,775
5,736
5,787 5,829 5,777 5,760 5,740 5,716 5,774 5,742 5,746
1,156 1,169 1,169 1, 168
1, 157 1,164 1,167 1,172 1,177 1,168 1, 164 1,159 1,161
59
60
59
62
63
63
63
65
67
62
63
63
62
848
835
833
839
83 £
838
848
845
847
850
855
850
844
1,089 1,096 1,095 1, 104
1,137 1,140 1,139 1,138 1, 115 1,109 1,100 1,091 1,093
523
517
514
518
515
515
512
516
514
517
513
516
508
636
631
631
632
632
632
632
630
629
630
630
632
629
602
594
590
590
598
588
589
595
587
591
592
591
588
137
133
132
132
133
131
130
130
130
130
132
134
132
526
513
505
501
515
502
504
433
432
436
503
439
490
229
227
224
224
226
227
229
234
229
238
241
242
240
36,926
36,797
36,623
c
36,514
36,32*
36,277
35,716 35,850 35,857 35,906 36,019 36,122 36,294
3,863

3,869

3,859

3,840

3,859

3,854

3,877

3,856

3,86]

3,90C

3,882

3,887

3,898

15,771 15,761 15,734 15,792 15,876 15,971 16,039
15,553 15,618 15,620 15,623 15,668 15,700
3,554 3,553 3,562 3,572 3,586 3,607
3,505 3,520 3,528 3,523 3,532 3,534 3,547 12,207 12,181 12,230 12,304 12,385 12,432
12,224
12,166
12,136
12,100
12,092
12,098
12,048
3,268

3,276

3,263

3,280

3,288

3,289

3,309

3,32

3,345

3,364

3,374

3,383

3,394

13,595
13,337 13,335 13,38* 13,458 13,491 13,556
13,032 13,087 13,115 13,163 13,204 13,279

^ For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.

76

May

52,728 53,004 52,998 53,007 53,104 53,151 53,474 53,309 53,498 53,672 53,813 54,061 54,505

MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

Apr.

p= preliminary.
c=corrected.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT

B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased, 1974 to date

Year and month

Over 1 -month span

Over 3-month span

Over 6-month span

Over 12-month span

1974

January
February
March

58. 7
55. 8
48. 0

6 1 . ,6
5 5. 2
54.,7

64. 8
56. 4
54.7

59. 6
54. 9

April
May
June

54. 7
54. 7
54. 4

52., 3
57., 0
50..9

51. 5
50. 3
44. 5

50. 0
40. 1
28. 2

July
August
September

49. 1
42. 2
32. 6

44. 2
36. 0
35. 5

35. 8
32. 0
21. 8

26. 7
22. 1
20. 6

October
November
December

35. 5
19. 8
19. 8

26. 2
21. 8
12. 8

15.7
16. 0
13. 7

18. 6
16. 6
14. 0

January
February
March

16. 9
16. 9
27. 3

12. 5
14. 0
22. 7

13. 7
12.8
18.9

16. 3
17. 4
17. 2

April
May
June

44. 2
51. 2
39. 8

34. 6
43. 6
47. 7

29. 1
40. 7
59. 0

20. 3
25. 6
40. 1

July
August
September

57. 3
72. 4
81. 4

55. 5
75. 0
78. 8

63.4
66.6
72.4

50. 3
61. 9
71. 5

October
November
December

64. 0
59. 6
69. 2

70. 6
69. 2
75. 0

78.8
79.4
77.6

75. 9
79. 1
81. 4

January
February
March

76. 7
74. 4
77. 9

82. 0
84. 3
84. 9

82. 8
83. 1
77. 0

84. 6
82. 8
79. 4

April
May
June

77. 9
63. 4
47. 1

81. 1
70. 6
57. 0

77. 0
71. 5
70.9

73, 5
79. 7
79. 4

July
August
September

52. 9
49. 1
68. 9

47. 4
65. 1
54. 9

5 5. 2
55. 2
61.9

75. 3
7 3 . op
76, 2p

October
November . .
December

39. 0
64. 2
68. 3

59. 9
53. 8
75. 9

70. 1
70. 3p
75. 9p

71. 5
62. 5 j
77. 3 i

75. Op
80. 5t>

1975

1976

1977
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

^ Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries,
p = preliminary.




77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE A N D AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division
{in thousands)
Total

Manufactur i nj

Contract construction

Mining

State and area
FEB.
1976
ALABAMA1
Birmingham .
Huntsville1. . .
Mobile' . . , . .
Montgomery
Tuscaioosa l ,.
7 ALASKA

Phoenix.
Tucson .
ARKANSAS
Fayetteville-Springdale \
Fort Smith 3
Little Rock-North Little Rock 3
Pine Bluff 3

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

F6B.
1976

JAN. FEB.
1977 1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN. FEB.
197 7 1977P

1 , 180.0 1,209.9 If 212.8
30 9.5
306.0
<*)
103.3
102. 1
102.7
132.6
129.2
132.2
86 .8
(*)
86.8
47.1
47.2
46 .9

13.3
7.9
( 2)
(2)
(2)
.7

14.5
8.1
( 2)
12)
(2)
.7

14.8
<•)
(2)
12)
(**
. 7

66.8
17.6
3.6
11.2
5.5
2.5

61. 3
17.6
3. 1
10. 0
5.4
2. 8

160.7

145.0

145. 6

4.2

737.5
439.3
145.1

756.1
452.1
147.3

762.5
456. 2
148.6

23.3
.4
7.2

638.1
50.4
57.0
153.4
26.6

655.1
5 2.9
58.7
157.3
26.5

672. 1
53.7
60.9
159.0
26.7

4.4
(2)
.5
(2)
(2)

4.8
(2)
.5
( 2)
(2)

8,252.6
620.0
108.4
(*)
3,167.2
73.5
117.4
349.3
337.8
74. 8
503.2
1,370.1

33.4
2.3
8.3
.7
10.9

35 CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-West Haven
Stamford
Waterbury
42 DELAWARE . .
43
Wilmington .
44 DISTRICT OF CLOUMBIA
Washington SMSA >
45
x
46 FLORIDA
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood '.. .
47
Jacksonville1
48
49
Miami *
50
Orlando.1
,
51
Pensacola l
52
Tampa-St. Petersburg .*
53
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton \.

54GEORG.A
A t l t
Atlanta
55
"
Augusta .
56
Columbus
57
Macon
58
Savannah
59

78




FEB.
1977P

62.0
(*)
3.2
10. 1
<*)
2.7

334. 7
65.1
27.7
26.8
13.2
10.5

343.1
64.9
29.8
26.3
13.4
10.6

339.0
<*)
29.1
26.2
(•)
10.5

7.2

7.8

5.0

29.8

17.3

17.1

7.6

38.9
21.4
9.2

40.2
22.7
9. 2

40.5
23.2
9.0

97. 1
70.9
11.9

101.9
75.4
12.0

101.7
75.5
11.9

5.0
(2)
.5
(2)
(2)

30.6
2.3
2.5
7.6
1.1

27.0
2.6
2.0
7. 3
.8

31.9
3.0
2.4
8.1
1.0

185.8
14.8
20.2
27.8
5.7

195.2
15.5

199.9
15.8
22.6
29.4
5.9

34.7 289.3
1.8
23.7
8.8
3.8
6.9
(*)
92.8
11.5
3.6
. 1
4.2
2.1
12.5
2.2
12.9
. 3
2.5
•6
23.2
.8
56.7
2.3
15.7
. 1
3.0
1.0
3.2
.4
3.3
. 1
3.1
.2

319. 1
34.4
•4.4

. 1
.2

34.9
1 .9
8.7
.8
11.7
.1
2.1
2.3
.3
.6
.8
2.3
.1
1.0
.4
.1
.2

18.8
7.5

20.4
8.0

20.5
8.0

47.8
32.4

49. 8
33. 9

50.0
34.2

136.1
91.8

139.6
94.7

139.2
94.9

(4)
(4)
( 4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)

( 4)
(4)
(4)
( 4)
(4)
( 4)
(4)

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4 I
(4)
(4)

31.4
3.8
9.3
1.6
5.4
2.3
1.9

32.9
3.8
9.2
1.7
4.7
2.4
2. 1

31.7
3. 7
8.8
1.7
4.4
2.3
2.0

390.3
57.5
83.7
26.2
43.6
28.3
33.6

396.0
58.3
83.7
26.4
43.2
29.2
34.1

395.8
5 8.3
82.9
26.4
4 2.7
28.9
34.1

{* )
(*)

{ 2)
(2)

i 2)
( 2)

(*>
<*)

13.8
13.0

13.6
12. 9

(*>
<*)

69.2
67.7

65 .8
64.5

{*)

568.7
570.4
571.8
1,330.1 1,354.4 1,356.4

(21
(2)

( 2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

16.4
65.0

16. 1
64. 0

16.4
64.0

14.7
47.2

15.3
48.9

15.3
48.7

2, 784.4 2 , 8 7 7 . 3 2, 888. 1
244.4
246.2
248.0
255.3
257.7
257.9
590.7
59 2.3
59 3.7
210.4
213.1
213.6
88.3
85.9
89.3
42 5 .6
42 3. 5
427.6
151.9
146.9
153. 1

9.5
(2)
(2)
(2 }
(2)
( 2)
(2)
{ 2)

9.3
(2)
( 2)
( 2)
(2J
( 2)
( 2)
i 2)

9 . 3 161.6 I 72 . 5 174.6
12)
16. l ! 16.7
16.6
(2)
14.3
14.5
14.2
(2)
23.3
2 3.1 23. 8
(2)
11.5
11.2
11. 5
( 2)
5.9
6. 5
6.8
(2)
28.0
26. 3
26.7
(2)
9.8
9. 7

340.4
25.0
28.8
82.2
25.1
13.
*
58.0
18.0

352.2
26.4
28.6
86.2
25.7
13.4
57.8
20.0

351.8
2 6.4
28.5
86.9
25.8
13.8
5 8.2

1,740.6 1,765.3 I,765.6
755.4
754.4
741.8
108.9
108.9
104.3
75.4
75.0
74.9
90.4
90.2
90.6
75.1
<*)
71.8

6.9
( 2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

7.4
( 2)
(2)
(2i
( 2)
(2)

7.4
I?)
(2)
(2)
( 2)
{*)

74.3
32.5
4.8
4.9
4.4
4.4

72.5
33.0
6. 3
4. 6
4. 1
4.6

75.8
33.8
6. 8
4.7
4.3
(*>

454. 7
119.9
32.9
21.0
14.1
15.0

463.0
122.5
33.8
21 .
14.8
15.8

459.2
120.6
3 3.6
21.5
14.4
<*)

( 2)
(2)

( 2)
(2)

12)
(2)

24.4
20.7

21. 9
18.3

21.7
18.2

22.8
16.0

23.6
17.0

23.5
17.1

950.0
600.8

973.9
620.4

1,203.9 1,219.4 I f
144.8
147.4
231.3
336.2
53.9
54.5
169.9
171.0
88.1
9 1.3
81 .4
79.8
228.5
206.4

337.5
283.5
See footnotes at end of table.

JAN.
1977

24.8
.4
8.1

16 CALIFORNIA
7,901.4 8,219
17
Anaheim—Santa Ana~<3arden Grove.3.
617,
576. 7
18
Bakersfield ?
108
103.7
3
19
Fresno .
153
148.9
3
20
Los Angeles—Long Beach .
3,044.6 3,163
21
Modesto 3.
72
68.8
22
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura 3
116
113.8
23
Riverside-San Bernardino—Ontario3.
346,
339.0
24
Sacramento 3
336
320.4
25; SaSinas-Seastde-Monterey3
74
73.0
26J San Diego .3
502
482.1
27
San Francisco-Oakland ? . . .
1 , 3 4 0 . 2 1 ,370
28| San Jose3
494
477.3
3
29| Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc .
102
98.8
30| Santa Rosa ?
,
68,
66. 0
31! Stockton \ . ,
100
98.1
32
Vallejo-FairfiekJ-Napa 3 .
85
82.6
33 COLORADO .
Denver—Boulder
34

1976

227.8
2 04.8

340.7
285 .7

495.3
103.0
69.1
100. 1
85.5
976.1
620.8
216. 1
146.7
333.7
54.3
170.6
90. 8
81.1

343.8
289.2

.1
2.0
2. 1
.3
.6
.7
2.2
.1
.9
. ' • *

4.7
24.8
.4
8 .2

7. 5
93.8
4. 2
4.4
12.3
13. 2
2.8
28. 0
56.4
17.0
3. 5
3.4
3.5
2. 5

21.0
28.6
5.9

325.0 1,585.9 I f 6 4 9 ,
153.7
34.5
162.
4.4
8,
8.1
19,
18.4
<*>
805,
773.9
95.1
15,
14.5
4.2
17.
17.3
4.3
52,
52.0
12.6
20.8
13.4
21.
8.0
2.8
8,
71.0
27.8
72,
55.7
184,
181.3
16.9
161,
155.0
3.5
13.
12.4
3.3
9,
9.3
3.4
17,
17.2
2.4
8,
8.4

1,651.2
162.6
8.9
(*)
806.1
15.3

17.6
52.9

21.9
8.3
72.4
185*4
160.9
13.4
9.9
16.9
8.6

ESTABLISHMENT

DATA

STATE A N D AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

FFB.
197 6

JAN. FEB.
197 7 1977P

59. 7
22.2

63. t
2 3.2
2. 3

64.5

Finance, insurance,

Wholesale and retail trade

Government

Services

and real estate

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

PER.
1977P

FEB.
1S76

JAN. FFR .
197 7 1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
19 76

JAN.
1977

F^R.
1977P

2 34. 2
72.9
139£
30.5
20,5

2 46. 8
74.0
19.7
32. 5
20.5

247.8

51.3
19,6

53.4
20. 1

53.4

<*)
1.5

(*)
5.1

250.3
48.5
30. 6
21.7
22.9
16. 1

(*)

5

5.0

250.4
4B .3
32.5
21 .0
22.9
16.8

253. 1

1.5

176 .9
53.1
15.0
25,9
15.3
5 .1

178.2

2.8

169.6
52.4
14.6
24.6
i 5.4

16. 5

6

1

9.6
4.2

(*)
2.3
9.9
(*J

1. £

i. a

8.4

8.3

a.3

2,7
5.9
5.1
1.5

15.1

15.2

15.2

25.6

25.7

25.2

6.7

6. 8

6. 8

25.2

22.7

22.8

46.5

45.4

45.7

7

38.6
22.9

39.2
23.5

39.2
23,5

43.3
33. 8

5.9

5.8

5.8

140.8
86.5
29.4

147.1
89.2
30.1

147.7
89.6
30.2

178.4
88.9
41 .9

176.8
87.5
41.9

182.7
90.5
43.7

9

7.6

182.6
119.7
32.3

43. 1
33.6

7.6

182.9
119.8
32.5

42.2
32.6

7.6

178.2
115.7
32. C
135. 1
11.6
12.2
35.4

141.5
12.6
12.9
37.4

141.8
12.6
13.0
37.1

26.9

28.5

28.6

91.7

95.2

100. 1

1.7
2.0

1.8

1,8

7.1

7.2

126.7
10.3

125.5
10.4

10.1
27.8

7.2

7.1

27.3

10.0
28.0

33.2

33.2

5.4

2. 1
11.8
1. 2

126.8
10.4
7. 1
33.8

5.4

2. 1
11.8
1. 2

6.7
9.4
4.0

4,0

4.0

6.0

5.8

2.2
9.2
4.2
1.8

36.S
3.0
3.0

11.0
3.3

3 7.4

38.0

2.9

2.9
3.1

3. 1
1 1. C 1 1.0
3.4

3.4

5.4

(*)

19.5
32.5
(*)

11.1
1. 1

6. 2
5. 1

(*)
2.8

6, 2

(*)

15.0
25.9

(*)

2

30. S
21.8

3
4

5.8

4 5 2 . 9 466. 4 463.4 I,797.6 1,894.2 1,886.2 456.9 478.8 4 8 0 . 9 U 577.9 1,635 .2 1,653.4 1,707.5 1, 741.0 U 757.8
99 . 7
101.0
96.8
116.4
115 .8
111.3
31. 4 34.2 3 4 . 4
19.0 19.1
150.7
139.7
150.2
18.1
6.9
7.C
6.4
3.9
3.9
3.8
26.6
25.8
26.5
30.5
17.0
17.6
31.3
17.7
31.2
8.6
7.6
8.4
(*)
8.0
<*)
41.1
28.5
{ * )
2 7.9
40. 8
37.S
39.3
?*)
(*)
66 5.1
631.4
732.9
693.4
730.1 185.1 191.6 192. 5
169.8 176.7 173.5
48 7.3
49 3.3
660.0
491.5
3. 2
3,2
17.4
16.3
3. 1
2. I
2.0
18.0
17.1
13.4
13.4
2. i
16.2
13.0
17.2
4.6
4*6
4,3
4. 5
4, 5
4. 3
27.3
26.2
2 7.3
2 0.4
35.9
20 .3
19.4
36.6
36.1
80.8
1 8« 7 19.2
19.2
13.2
83.5
83.5
13.6
13. 6
92.8
72.5
71.8
70.1
92. I
89.6
1^.6
15,4
14,4
17.2
1 7. 3
77. 3
71.6
77.1
16.6
58.5
55.2
128.6
5 7 .8
133.7
133.1
4.2
4.2
4.3
3
.
3
3
.
3
14.7
14.7
3. 3
14*4
19.1
18.0
18.9
22.1
22.0
21 .9
97*7
27. I 27. 2
25.3
1 17.6
1 10.4
117.2
2 2.5 2 3 . 1 2 3.2
131 .3
102.4
102.1
131.4
132.2
311.4
119.6 119. C 118.8
307.7 114.2 116. 2 116. 1
298.C
271.4
296 .8
280.8
278.5
302.1
203.3
20.3 20.4
99.7
93.8
99.2
17.7 1 8. A 18.4
19.2
101 .5
100.7
75.1
76.6
102.8
75.8
3.4
3.4
3.2
24.9
23.2
4.4
4.4
4.3
24.8
27.8
2 4.7
24.2
27. 5
24 .6
27.6
3.2
3.2
3.6
3. 7
12.7
3* 7
3.2
16.9
15.6
16.8
18.8
13.0
12 .9
18.0
18.2
6.8
3.9
4.0
26.4
26.2
19.4
18.6
4. 1
6. S
23.2
22*1
23.1
6. 7
26.3
19.3
3.9
4.C
4.0
2.6
2.6
15.6
15.0
14.3
2.6
15.5
35 .1
15 .1
37.0
15.2
37* 0

8
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

26
27
28
29
30
31
32

5S.5
40.1

6 0. 5
40.2

60.7
40.4

2 24.5
149* 3

235*0
155.7

23 3.4
154.2

56.6
42.4

59.7
44.5

59.7
44.4

185.8
120.2

195.3
126,6

19 5.3
126.5

220.9
117.4

213.6
116.7

217,4
118.2

33
34

51.4

5 0* 7

50.4

12.0

11.8

11.8

249.1
3 0.5
71.4

86.2
6. 1
50.0

220.7
24.5
56.3

226.6
24,7
57.7

178.4
17 .9
51 .2

174. 1
17.7
50. 8

176.3
17.7
51.0

35

5.8

253.0
30.8
72.9
9. 0
34.9
20.3
14. 1

86.2

5.9

247.1
29.2
69.9

94.7

6.0

38

1.6

1.7

1.6

14.4

14.4
2. 6

14.3

8.9

9.0

3.C

2.8
3.0

34.6
* 19.6
13.6

11.5
10.4

11. 7
10.5

<*)
<*)

45.9
38.3

45.7
39.2

28.2
63.4

2 8.S
65. 1

2 8,8
65.0

63.4
249.0

64.9
2 64. 5

65.0
26 2.2

183. 5 184. 8
13.2
13,4
20.€
20.9
59.2
58.£
1 1.8 11.8
4.4
4. 3
26.5
26.7

733.3
73.3
67.9
152.S
58.3
19.1
120.fi
39.5

757.1
71.2
69.3
149.6
59.4
20.5
121.1
40.7

757.2
71.4
69.1
149.8
59.5
20.6
12 1.2
40.6

3.6
(*)

379.G
202.7
18.3
14.2
18.5
16.3

383.0
206.0
19.6
14.3
18.9
17.5

25.7
21.7

84.9
72.0

86.3
73.6

3.0
3.0

179.8
13.9
2 0.7
5 7. 7
11.7
4. 1
26,4
6.7

6.7

6.7

113.0 113.3 112.9
58.4
6 8.1 6 8 . 5
3.8
2.7
3.6
7,4

25.5
21.5

3.9
2.8

3.8

2.7

3, 5
7.1

2 5. £
21.6




34.8
2 0.1
14.0
{•)
(*\

1.5

1.5

7.3

9. 1

9. 1

6.3
2.8

6.3

2. 8

39.4
19.8
14.?

226.7
24.9
5 7.7
7 .5
41.3
20.6
14.9

11*3
10.4

11.2
10. 2

(*i
(*)

36.7
32.6

37.5
33.2

32.9
75*8

32.1
76.9

32.2
76. 8

146.2
314.1

147.4
320.2

185.8 188.3 189.6
18.6 20. 4 2 0 . 4
26.4 26.3 2 6 . 4
43.1 43.7 43.8
14. 1 14. 1
13.8

620.7
59.6
47.0
145.6
53.6
14.9
91.4
36.9
252.6
132.4
13.5 *

5.9

49.0
1.5
8.8
6.0
2.7

6.0

50.0

3.6

3.6

3.6

29.0
10.9

29.2
11. 2

29.2
11.2

37 9.8
205.4
1 8.8
14.1
18.1
t*)

95.2
57.5

94.2
57.7

94,6
57.6

3.6
4.5
5.4
3.6

3.6
4.6
5.2
3.7

3.6
4. 7
5.3

86.8
74.2

23.4
21.0

24.3
21. 8

7.4

6«8

41.4
20.5
14.8

23.7

36
37

6.7

6.7

23.4
9. 7
10.4

23.9
10.0
10.4

39
40

40.1
34.0

42. 3
34.3

(*|
(*)

42

147.8
321.0

266.9
515.6

265. 7
514.8

266.3
518.7

641 .6
59 .5
47.9
146.9
55.1
15.6
94.8
38.1

647.1
60.9
4 7.9
147.6
55.3
15.7
95.7
38.4

553.3
37.9
50.0
86.1
36.7
24.7
69.9
25.4

572.8
38.8
50.6
83.3
35.5
24.4
69.9
25.5

573.7
38.9
50.8
83.1
35.6
24.4
69.9
26.4

2 5 7.+
134.8
14.7

258.1
13 5.0
14.7

365.0
128.7
27.4
17.9
30,6
13.5

374.7
132.9
27.1
17.3
30.0
14.0

377.9
133.4
27.5
17.4
3 0.4

84.0
72.3

83.2
71.1

85.6
73.4

(*}
«*)

9,7

9.9

9.8

14.0
11.6

13.9
12 .5

14.1

I* J
24.4
21. 9

72.5
59.6

75.6
62.1

76.1
62.7

I*)

9.2

10.7

(*>

41

43
44
45
46
47
48
49

50
51
52
53
54
55

56
57
58
59
60
61

79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
8-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Manufacturing

Contract construction

JAN. FEB.
1977 1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN. FEB.
197 7 1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.

1977

FEB.
19 77P

12.6

15.5

15.4

49.2

53.2

52.4

4.3

4.6

4.6

5.8

6.4

6.5

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

FEB.

272.4
61.2

292.3
6 5.4

291.4
65. 8

3.5
(2)

3.2
(2)

4 , 402.7 4 ,454.4 4 ,448.3

25.7

26.1

46.8
46. 8
67.5
66.7
3 ,257.9
<*>
3 ,034.6 3 ,038.7
15 2.9
153.1
53.5
53.2
142.9
143.0
112.3
112.5
77.9
77.0

(4)
(4)
(*)
4.2

(4)
(4)
4.1
3.9

<4)
(4)
(•)
3.9

(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)

91.2
5.7
2.8

(4)
(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)

( 4)

(4)
(4)
(4)

7.3
2.4
2.9

1 , S42. 6 1 , 9 9 1 . 6 1 , 9 8 7 . 6
13 NDIANA 3.
109.5
111.3
110.2
14 Evansville3
3
150.7
153.4
155.6
Fort Wayne .
3
229.7
231.0
228.1
16 Gary-Hammond-East Chicago ...!..
454.9
459.6
46 0.9
17 Indianapolis
....
3
47.4
45.9
46.9
18 Muncie
100.7
101.3
101.8
19 South Bend 3
56.7
56.6
57.0
Terre Haute 3

7.5
2.3
(2)

6.8
2.3
(2)

7.1
2.2
(2)

66.4

5.6

4.3
5.5

(2)
(2)

( 2)

(2)
(2)

11.2
14.8

11.5
14. 8

11.3
14. 7

(2)
(2)
l.l

(2)
(2)
l.l

(2)
(2)
l.l

1.3
3.6
1.6

1.5
3.8

I. 6

1.5
3.8
1.6

OWA
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
?5 Sioux City
?6 Waterloo-Cedar Falls

990.7 1 ,009.6 1 ,009.6
74.6
73.4
74.6
156.9
155.0
156.3
39.6
39.3
39.6
49.1
48. 8
49.2
57.1
5 8.0
58.0

2.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

2.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

38.2

38. 8

38.2

2.4

( 2)

2.3
(21
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

2.4
5.8
1.0
3.1
1.8

?7 KANSAS \
?R Topeka1
Wichita1 ..."

ei6. o
77.2
171.4

830.6
77.6
173.6

839.5
77.9
174.0

10.5

10.8

36.9

.2
1.6

.2
1.8

10.8
. 1

1 ,056.2 1 , 0 6 3 . 6

44.3
(2)
(2)

44.7
( 2)
(2)

45.3
(2 )
(2)

1 , 282.5 1 ,301.8 1 ,301.3
170.2
169.2
170.4
47.9
52.5
<*>
42.8
43.3
42.6
431.6
435.2
434.8
129.2
128.0
12 5. 7

61.8

63.5

.9
1.3

1.0
1.6
.3

63.4
I. 0

99.4 116.9 117.6
21.9
21. 2 21.2

369.6
31.9
80.2

(2)

(2)
(2)

1 ,492.2 1 ,493.2

1.7

1.7

( 2)

( 2)

(2)
(21

( 2)

1 DAHO3
Boise City 3
LLINOIS 3
4
5
R
7
8
9
10
11
1?

..

.

Bloomington—Normal
3

Champaign—Urbana—Rantoul ... .
Chicago—Gary 6.
Chicago SMSA

3

7
3

Davenport-Rock I s l a n d - M o l i n e . . . .
Decatur

3

Peoria 3 .
Rockford3

.

. . .

Springfield 3.

??
?3

(*>
? , 946.8

149.0
51.9
143.2
109.3
77.2

I , 047.8

30 KENTUCKY
31 Lexington—Fayette
3? Louisville

118.4
242.3

3

33 L O U I S I A N A
34 Baton Rouge \
35 Lake Charles 3
36 Monroe .
New Orleans 1
37
3
38 Shreveport

46.8
66.2

.
. . .

3
39 M A I N E
Lewiston—Auburn^ .
40
41 Portland 3

.
.

.

....
. . . .

....

354.1
30.1
76.5

123.0
341.4

36 5.9
3 1.7
79i6

123.7
341. 1

4? MARYLAND 3 *
4? Baltimore 3

1 , 470.7

44 MASSACHUSETTS
45 Boston
46 Brockton
.
.
.
.
47
Fall River
Lawrence—Haverhill
4R
49
Lowell
«
50 New Bedford
51 Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke . . . .
52

2 , 253.9 2 ,280.0 2 ,284.9
1 , 24 2.0 1 , 2 4 2 . 1 I , 2 3 9 . 8

837.5

49.5
49.1
91.7
59.2
57.3
209.9
139. 9

844.2

50.4
48.0
90.3
59.6
57.5
208.2
142 9

3 , 135.3 3 ,226.8
53 MICHIGAN
114.9
121.0
54 Ann Arbor
6 2.8
61.4
55 Battle Creek
32.7
31.7
56 Bay City
1
,
6
0
7.4
576.1
1
,
57 Detroit
167.9
174.0
BR FJint
219.2
210.1
59 Grand Rapids
49.4
48.1
60 Jackson
99.9
97.1
61 Kalamazoo—Portage .
166*9
162.5
6? Lansing—East Lansing . . .
58.4
57.1
63 Muskegon-Norton Shores-Musk. Hgts
See footnotes at end of table.

80




845.0

50.9
47.7
91.2
59.9
57. 8
211.0
142. 8
<*!

( *)

m
(*)

<•)

i *)
(*)
<*)
c*i

1976

•4
14.4

14.8

3.2
(2)

26.1 148.6 146.3 144.1 1 , 184.3 1,205.0 1 ,206.2

1.8

(•I

•3
14.7

.8
2.2
<*>

4.6
5.3

3.0
6.1
1.1
2.7
1.9

.9

2. 6
108.0
93.5
5.0
3.1
7. 7
2. 7
3.4

64.3
4. 4

6. 1
.9
3.1

I. 8
36.0
2. 8

(2)
(2)

(2)

8.5

44.1

38. 6

43.2

11.9

11.8

11.8

4.7

' 3.4
26.4

5.5
3.1

(*)
3.3

26. 0

f62.2
35.1
53.9
94.6
119.0
14.6
31.3
15.3

6 84.4
35.8
56.5
96.9
119.4
14.8
32.0
14.8

677.9
36.7
54.7
95.5
119.2
14.1
31.9
15.0

228.8
26.6
24.3
15.6
12.4
20.4

236.6
27.7
24.0
15.7
11.8
20*. 7

236.8
2 7.9
23.8
15.6
I 1.8
20.8

164.7
10.6
52.1

166 .6
10.8
52.7

166.8
10.9
52.5

257.4
29. 6
104.7

263.6
29.6
103.1

264.0
2 9. 9
102.8

190.3
23.5
10.6

192.4
24.4
11.3

191.7
24.5

7.1

7.3

<*)
7.3

25.9

52.1

51.6

51.7

/• 7

25.0

25.7

2 6. 0

17.4
1.0
3.4

99.2
11.5
15.6

101.0
12.1
15.6

102.3
12.3
15.6

1.7
(2)

83.9
39.5

83.7
39. 3

81.5
38.1

224.2
158.2

226.9
157.5

226.8
156.9

(2)
(2)

58.3
35.6
1.2
(2)
1.7
1.5

54.0
31. 7

51.9
29.6

578.8
251.2
11.6
20.7
36.4
20.0
24.0
62.4
41.0

590.1
256.2
11.7
19.2
34.5
20.7
24.3
62.6
42 .7

591.0
255.8
11.9
19.0
35.0
2 0.9
24.9
6 0.9
42.7

34.2
22,3

1,069.1
38.8
22.4

(21

I 2)
(2)

(2)
12 1

11.8

(2)
(2)

8.2

1.1
3.6

(2)
12)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

8.2

816.8
51.2
19.1
50.8
51.7

1.0
3.3

(2)
(2)

( 2)
(2)
1.0
(2)
(2)
( 2)
(2)

39.8

8.2

909.5
816.0
50.8
19.2
50.9
51.5

7.1
6.2
<•»

18.5

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)

65.6

( *)
796.4
47.4
19.4
51.8
49.4

7.1
6.1

16.2

(2)

11.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
1. 1

7.5
2.6
3.3

6.9
6.3

(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

( 2)

93.1
4.9
3.0

2.9
8.9

2.6
8.4

4.6
{ 2)

.9
2.5
{*)

(•)
(*)
<*)
<*>
<•)
(•)
<*)
<*!
(*)
(*>

.9

(2 1
1. 6
1.3
.8

.9
(2)
1.5
1.3

•8

.9
4.8

4. 8

4.5

76.5

72. fc

(*>
(•)
(*)
(•)
(•)

1.5
1.1
.9

37.7
3.3
6.9
l.l
3.5
4.0
1.5

1.6

1. 0
1.3

37.4
4. 1
7.3
1.0
3.0
4.1
1.6

1*)
(*)
<*)
<*>
1*)
(*)

9.3

530.3
71.7
69.0
14.8
31.8
37.0
22.1

9.8

559.4
80.4
73.8
15.2
32.9
41.5
22.4

I*)
t*>
(*)
(*!
(*)
t*>
(•)
1*1
<*>

(•I
(*>

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Wholesale and retail trade

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
19 76

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

15.8

15.9

5.2

5.2

45.8
10.6

49.5
11.4

49.4
11.2

62.3
15.4

63.2
15.7

63.9
16.1

1
2

1,007.4 1,035.4 1,02 7.7 255.0 258.4 258.4
6. 6
6.5
6.4
10.8
10.9
10.4
2.0
2.0
14.2
14.3
2.0
13.5
(*)
201.8
(*)
775.4
(*)
( *)
732.9 192.7 196.7 197.1
738.7
691.3
37.4
6.3
6.3
6.3
37.2
36.2
2.3
2.1
10.4
10.3
9.6
2.3
6.7
6.7
6.5
31.8
31.5
31. C
a "i
~\
i
"X ~\
OO I*.
0 0 O
oo n
Dm 3
C Cm d
J • J
dc.m *t
c. c. . U
6.6
6.6
14.8
6.6
15.4
15.6

735.8

802.8

801 .8

7.0

7.0
9.0
(*)

725 .6
12.1
30.6

7 08.9
11.3
30.0
444.1
415.7
25.9

712.2
11.3
31.0

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

J A N . FEB.
1977 19 77P

FEB.
1976

JAN.
197 7

FEB.
1977P

.FEB.
1976

16.4

17.5

17.6
4.2

68.9
16.7

74.4
17.9

73.6
18.0

13.7

4.1

4.6

270.3 2 7 1 . A 271.7
2.9
2.5
(*)

3.0
2.6
(*l

3.0
2.i

199.4
185.0 185.3 185.0
7.6
3.9
7.5
5.0

7.4
4.2
7.7

7.5
4.2

7. 7

5.1

5.2

99.5 100. 6 100.9

8 8. 3

90.6

90.2

3.8
8.6
7.7

3.8
9.0
7.9

3.8
9.0

22.8
13.5

431.7
25.8
36.0
42.3
111.5
10.6
23.9
13.7

42 8.1
25.6
3 5.8
41.8
110.7
10.6
23.5
13.7

242.9
15.3
39.2

250.3
15.4
40.6

248.0
15.1
40.3

46.7
3.5

3.5

3.5

10.3

17.4

17.7

7.S

8.1

8.1

3.6
2.2

1.6
3.5
2.2

11.8
12.2

11.9
12.6

11.9
12.2

l.l
2.4
1.5

i.i
2,4
1.6

17.6
1. 1

55.6

56.2

56.4

7.0
€.8

6.8
8.7

6.9
8.8

5 8.3

62.S

64.7

5.6

5.9

5.9
S.7

13.7
2 7.9
1.8
4.8

4. I
53.8
3.6

10.5
i.6
3.6
2.3

5.6

21.8

5.S
9.S

6.0
9.9

13.8
28.6

13.9
28.4

412.8
25.4
35.2
41.5
108.6

1.9
4.S
3.S

1.9
4.9
3.9

5 3.8

53.5
3.6

3.5

10.4
1. 6

2 1.7

21.7

9.8

5.6
9.0

214. l |
25. 1
73.8

210.6
26.1
72.8

210.4
2 5.5
72.7

41.6

42.5

42.4

5-4

5.5

5.4

19.6

20.0

20.0

291.5
33.5
11.4
11.3
1 12.6
32.4

290.3
3 3.0

61.2

60.5
9. 3

60.5

11.0
111.9
33.0

44. 7

44.8

9.4

9.3

17.3

17.2

17.3

72.8

77.3

76.9

1.1
4.6

1.2
4.8

1.2
4.8

6.7

7.2

7.2

19.6

21.9

77.5
53.7

78.C
54.4

77.6
54.2

3 49. 5
189.9

111.4 11 1.2 110.8
65.4
6 7.1 6 5 . 8
3.5
3.6
3. 5
1.9
1.9
l.<5
2.9
3.3
2.<5

5 06. S
283.2
14.4

2.3
2,2
1.9

76.7
6.2
9.1
4.2

3. 1
3.9
2.9

7.C

14 6. C
2.2
2.3
l.t

7 7.6
6. 4
9. 3
4.3
3.2
4.0
3.1




<*)
(*)
(*)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*

2.4
1.6

41. 0

9.7

143.1

47. 7

5.6
9.0

44.1

8. 2

47.8

40.7

{*)

2.6
2.4
8.3
6.9

1.4
4.8
1.8

5.4
8.6

2.3

2.6
2.5

4.8
1.8

39.4

3. 1

2.3
2.6
e. 4
7.1

7. 8
32.6

203. 1
16.8
3 7.6

2.4

8.6

1.5
5.4
1.8

32.8
1. 4

205.3
16.8
37.7

294.9
33.4
10.6
11.1
109.9
31.4

100*3

8.5

32.3

193 . 1
16.7
38. 3

8.1
2.8
2.3

99.2 100.4

Government

JAN. FEB.
1977 1977P

FEB.
1976
3.8

Services

2. 1

2.2

9.4
<*)

3.0

26.5

3. 1
26.6

3. 0
26.6

5.8

5.8

5.9

14.1

14.7

1.3

1.3

21.7

6. 1

361.9
195.8

357.7
19 3.9

78.6
48.1

518.0
281.1
15.0

9.8

16.2

14. 1

14.5

1 C

1 ->. O

1 0
0
1 C. m£

11 Q
11.7

p

13.1

13.9

13.7

25.7

25.2

25.3 12

274.3
20.3
22.6
29.8
70.0

280.9
20.5
23.2
30.2
71.4

282.6
20.6
23.1
30.3
71.7

331.6
12.1
15.4
29.6
82.3
10.6
11.9
11.6

332.3
12.1
15.4
28.4
82.4
10.6
11.7
11.6

335.2
11.7
15.4
?9.1
82.3
10.7
11.8
11.5

200.0

198.5

?00.8 21
9. 1 22
27.2 23

Q

1 J .7

6.3

6.6

6.7

20.9

20.2

21.1

8.0

8.1

8.1

178.0
12.6
29.9
8.4
9.6
8.6

181.4
12 .9
31.0
8.7
9.8
3.8

182.2
13.0
31.2

9.0

9.2

27.6

27.1

n

L C. m U

11

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

8.7
9.3
8.9

3.6
6.2

3.5
6.5

10.3

10.3

6. 5 25
10.6 26

3.5

24

137.0
13.7
31.8

143.6
14.1
32.0

144.5
14.0
32.0

173.3
21.0
21.8

171.4
20.5
23.2

177.1 27
20.7 28
23.4 29

165.3
18.5
60.5

169.7
19.3
61.4

170.5
19.6
61.4

222.7
29.3
50.1

223.6
32.2
50.6

223.1 30
32.8 31
50.6 32

219.2
24.4

221.7
24.7

221.9
24.7

256.5
47.8

254.9
47.6

255.6 33
48.0 34

7.5
6.5

8.6

69.7
20.5

68.4
20.7

14.8

58.6

62.2

63.0

75.9

75.0

77.9 39

1.3

5.7

5.9

5.9

2.8

2.9

3.0

40

6. 6

6. 7

14.6

15.4

15.4

12 .7

11.7

12.6

41

79.7
48.3

79.5
43. 4

280.5
155. 8

289.0
160.1

289.7
160.4

374.8
192.3

371.3
188.8

37 8 . 7 42
19 3 . 1 43

514.3
278.5
14.9

132.5 131.1 130.8
91.2 91.0 90. 8

498.6
318.4

515.5
328.5

36 7 .4
195.3

1.6

7.7

362.5
190.9
9. 2

?70.6 44
IS 1.2 45
9. 5 46

( 2)

11.3
14.0
10.0
11.4
36.3
26.5

513.1
325.4
8 .4
11.6
14.3
10.0
11.5
36.6
2 7.8

651.0
17.3
10.4

9.2

24.2

1 c a
1 J .O

90.8
21.9

642.7
15.6
10.0

20.4
29.0
10.2

9.2

24.0

t c c

88.5
21.0

9.5

9.1

5.2

5.2

8.8

23.0

35
36
63.4 37
20.7 38

18.8
12.8
10.2
45.3
29.3

18,6
28.6

5.3

<*)

422.6
26.0

8.8
8.7

9.6

7.9

9.2

(*>

418.9
26.0

8.3
9.5

19.0
13.0
10.4
45.9
29.8

311.4
38.5
52.9

587.3
20.2

<•)
6.6

9.5

8.0

567.0
19.8

9 .1
615 .6
585.0
20.0

6 .6
90.5
21.5

(*)

18.0
12.9
10.7
44.7
29.6

312.5
35.3
49. C

9.2

7.2
9.2
<*)

<*)
<•)
<*)
<*)
{*>
(*)

<•)
<*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

1.7
(2)
3.3
1.9
(21

1.7
(2)
3.3
1.8
(2)

11.1

11.3
8. 0

7.9

128.0 131.4
3. 4
3.2
3.8
1.0

3.8
1.0

74.8

77.0

5.0
8.1
1.5
3.1
7.6
1.5

5.2
8.2

1. 5
3.2

7. 8
1.7

3.2
1.8

( 2)
11.3
8. 0
(*)
(*)

i *)
<*)
<*)
(*)
(*)

C*)
<*)
(*)
C *)

514.7
16.0
9.7
5.7

279.3
23.6
37.4
8.7

16.6
22.4
8.4

527.7
16.8
10.1
5.9

278.4
24.5
37.4
9.1

17.1
22.7
8.5

8.6

11.5
14.2
10.0
11.5
36.8
28.0
{*)
{*)

<•)
<•)
(*)
<*)
l*>
<*)
(*)
<*>
<*)

9.3
5.7

15.0
10.6

5.7

14.7
10.2

7.7

8.0

42.2
24.2

38.8
23.9

607.5
41 .9
12.3

617.3
41.0
12.8

5.0

4.9

263.8
23.9
30.6

265.2
28.9
30.5

8.9

9.0

20.4
59.0
11.0

20. 1
57.7
10.9

(*)
8.8

5.8

47

15.6 48
10.5 49
8.0

50

43.9 51
24.3 52
*1
*J
(*)
*)
*>

53
54
55
56
57
* ) 58
*) 59
* ) 60
* } 61
* ) 62
*)
63

81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8 Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
[In thousands)

MICHIGAN-Continued
1

MINNESOTA1
Duluth—Superior *
4
Minneapolis—St. Paul \

?
3

5
6

MISSISSIPPI
Jackson3

a
9

St Joseph
St Louis
Springfield

11

JAN.
19 77

80.1

83.0

FEB.
1977P

(*)

FEB.
1976

JAN. FEB.
1977 1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.

FEB.

197 7 1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

(2)

(2)

<*>

1«8

1.9

(*)

30.7

33.0

13. 1

14.0
( 2)

50.0
1.7
27.1

28.0

48. 8
1.5
28.4

305.7

(2)

14.2
(2)
(2)

48. 2

(2)
(2)

200.7

314.2
7.9
204.7

315.6
7.7
205.4

35.8
6.2

39.7
6. 3

41.4
6. 5

211.7
17.8

219.3
18.1

22 0.8
18.1

• 6
(4)
2.5
. 1

59.6
22.1
1.2
35.3
2.4

53.6
17. 9
1. 7
26. 1
2.4

59.9
19. 6
1. 7
32.3
2.6

411.0
108.4

423 . 5
113.0
9.3
246.6
17.4

42 2.5
111.3
9.3
246.9
17.6

5.0
(2)
(2)

10.2
1.9
1.2

10.0
2. 1

10.2
2. 1
1.6

21.8

1

3.4
1.7

23.0
3.9
1.7

23.3
3.9
1.7

1.3
—
(4)

22.9
3.8
9.8

20. 7
3. 1
8.9

21.6
3.3
9.1

85.9
13.0
33.0

91 .0
13.9
34 .5

9 0.4
13.9
34.9

14.2
7. 6
4. 6

(*)
<*)
<*)

12.3
5.0
5.2

13.4
5.2
5.7

<•)
<•)
(*)

11.5
1.9
1.1

90.2
16.7
20.4

95.6
17.6
20.3

725.4

, 451.6 L,496.9
54.5
55.1
679.3
904.6

L, 503.9
54.5
911.6

737.1
122.6

741.6
122.8

6.7

1.0

7.2
1.0

7.2
' 1.0

,721.7 U736.2
540.6
545.6
35.3
34.0
S01. 1
889.7
7 2.1
70.2

, 750.7
545,7
35.4
901.2
73.3

7.8
.6
(4)
2.5

6.9
.5
{ 4)
2.4

7.5

.2

.1
5.4
i 2)

707.0
119.7

3

7 MISSOURI

10

FEB.
1976

(Manufacturing

Contract construction

Mining

Total

1.6

7.7

9.0

241.9
17.1

{*)

236.1
38.6
27.0

243.5
41.3
28*3

244.2
41.4
28.4

5.8

550.6
88. 1
229.8

560.8
90.0
234.2

564.2
91.6
235.6

1.4
-

1.3
-

( 4)

i 4)

264. 1
147.0
74.1

281.5
15 4.9
80.4

3.5
.2
.3

3.7
.2
.4

<*>
(*)
{*)

12.8
7.6
3.6

294.7
57.6
44.0

310.4
59.7
44.1

312.3
59.6
44.2

.3
(4)
(4)

.3
(4)
(4)

.3
(4)
(4)

9.6
2.0
1.0

12.2

!,615.0
74 NEW JERSEY
56.7
7R
Atlantic City
9
280.1
76
Camden
10
230. 9
77
Hackensack
.
230.2
78
Jersey City x0.
131.8
29
Long Branch—Asbury Park
233.8
30
New Burns.-Perth Amboy-Sayrevitle1.0
828.3
31
Newark10
171.2
3?
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic1?
149.6
33
34
49.4
Vineland -Mil !ville-6 ridge ton

! ,620.5
57.1
280.8
335.9
224.2
134.8
234.7
828.4
171.5
155.1
49.3

* )
*)
(*)
*)
*)
*>
*)
*)
[*)
*)
...

2.5
-

2.8

(*)
(*)

71.9

3. 8
4. 0
7.5
22. 9
3.4
2.7
. 9

I*
<*

36*8

17.8

714.6
7.3
62.7
98.0
68.5
22.3
74.7
230.3
61.9
37.6
17.8

376.5
150.7

390.3
155.9

392.1
156." r

28.9
15.7

30.4
15.9

30.4
15.8

•387.0
,385.2
59.7
61. 1
37.7
39.4
137.9
140.8
12.4
11.6
126.1
122.9
136. 3
137.6
,274.8 1,252.1
732.0
718.7
59 5.7
581.2
518.2
501.0
27.1
27.0
144.7
140.1
14.3
13.5
55.4
53.0
29.9
29.4
64.8
63.0

(*>
{*)
(*)

1? MONTANA
Billings
Great Falls

11
14
15
16
17

...

. . . .

NEBRASKA
Lincoln
Omaha
3

NEVADA
Las Vegas3
?0
Reno 3
18
19

?1 NEW HAMPSHIRE
7?
Manchester *
73
Nashua *

3

-

35 NEW MEXICO 3
3fi

43
44
45
46

,614.6
,570.2
298.1
299.6
105. 1
109.1
473,9
479 .1
Buffalo
36.2
35.2
Elmira
311.4
315.4
12
768.0
779.9
Nassau-Suffolk ..
New York-Northeastern New Jersey , 119.6 >t 085.7
New York and Nassau-Suffolk10 . . t 3 2 5 . 1 *• ,290.9
t557.1
,511.1
New York SMSA12.

47

New York City 13 .

37

NEW YORK

38
39
40
41
4?

.

48
49
50

Rochester
He ckiand County1 3

51
5?
53

Utica—Romp
Westchester County x 3

, 176.9 Jt124.0
84.5
84.9
379.2
38 4,5
70.9
72.2
232.4
237.6
105.9
105.5
299.7
304.7

,965,2
|NORTH CAROLINA
58.7
55 1 Asheville
269.2
5R
Charlotte—Gastonia
329.0
57
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Pt.
209.6
58
Raieigh—Durham
. . . .
54

,971.2
59.7
272.C
33 1.9
214.3

(*)
(*)
(*)

i *
[*)
*]
*
*

I*
*
*
I*
*
1*
(*
*)
(*
,974. 8
59.6
273.1
332. 1
215.6

(2)
(2)

(2)

82




2.0
1.1

(2)

.1
(2)

(2)
(2)
.7
(2)
(2)
(2)

( 2)
12)
.8
12)
I 2)
(2)

1*1
<*)
(*)
<*>
(* J
(*>

74.4
2.4
11.2
9.0
3.5
3.4
6.7
23.6
3.7
2.2
1.4

20.6
(2)

22.2
( 2)

22.4
(2)

22.9
8.9

23. 6
9. 2

24.;
9. *•

6.5
(2)
<2)
( 2)

6.6
( 2)
(2)
( 2)

m
(*)
(*>

L65.4
8.2
3.0
11.6

.64. 3
7O 9
3. 1
11. 7

*l
(*>

(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)

{*)

( 2)

(*J
(*)

. 1

{ 2)
2 .4
2.0
1 .9
1.6
( 2)
(2)
< 2)
(2)
( 2)
< 2)

2.2
1.9
1.8
1.5
(2)
12)
C2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
4. 1
( 2)

4.1
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
(2)

(2)

(2)
(2)
I

See footnotes at end of table.

1.5

m

(•)

<*>
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*}
(*)
(*)
<*)
(*)

(*>
4.2
( 2)
(2 )
(2)

(2)

.9

1.9

11. 9
8.0

.8
7.9

7.1
23.7
51.5
.05.0
81 .2
69.1
2.4
8.4
1.5
8.0
1.8
10.1

45.4
99. 9
77.6
65.9
2. 3
9. 1
1. 4
9.6
1/8
9. 6

97.6
2.9
14.6
13.2
9.8

88.9
?. 7
12. 9
12.5
9.3

22. 3

< • * )

(

*

>

(

*

!

(

*

(

7.6
)

*

( *

( *

< *

( *

*)
*)
I*)
*)
(*)
{*)
<*)
(*)
(*)
<*>
(*)

<•)
(*)

(•>
90.1
2. 8
13.0
13.(
9. 5

62.8
100.7
74.1
21.7
76.4
228. 2
63.4

729.2
18.8
80. 1
133.6
34.5

730.6
18.9
81 .3
135.8
35.5

95.6
17.6
20.4
(•)
<•)
(*)
<*)
(*)

I*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*}
<*)

<*)
(*>
(*)
(*>

(*)
(•)
(*)
i*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*»
<*)
731.2
1 8.9
8 1.6
135.6
3 5.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division-Continued
fin thousands)
Transportation and

Wholesale and retail trade

public utilities

FEB.
1976

JAN. FEB.
1977 1977P

FEB.
1976

JAM.

17.4

1977

3.9

3.7

(*>

16.5

86.9

90.5
5.6
5s.e

90.7

3 83.1
1**0

^8.2

361.2
14.6
21? r

3 4. 6 35.2
7.6
7.6

134.7
27.3

144.8
28.0

121.6 121.6 122.4
49.8 4 9 . 1 49.5
2.4
2.4
2.3
62.7 63.0 63.4
5.0
5.1
5.2

402.3
137.7

406.0
143. 1

5.3

56.5
33.6
7.3

18.8

Finance, insurance,

5.5

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN. FEB.
1977 1977P

3.3

3.5

(*)

75.3

78. 8
2. J

78.9

' 5, 8

•58.

53, I

144.7
27.8

28.0

29.2
9. 6

29.3

9.2

402.1
141.5

92.4
36. 3

92.8
36. 7

93.1
36. 8

(•)

379.4
14.7

«?3

2.0

2.1

9.6

9.0

1.6

1.6

1.6

202.2
18.5

2 03.0
19.4

201.8
19.4

48.4

48.4

43.6

2.6

2.9

2.9

60.3
13.4

60.1
13.4

10.3

10.8

2.0
1.9

2.1
2.0

13.8
2. 1

8.2

9.0

3.2
1.8

19.5
3.3
1.9

19.5
3.3
1.9

57.4
12.6
8.1

8.7

8.6

40.5
5.7
20.5

42.4
6.0
20.9

42.5
6.1
20.8

143.3
18.3
57.8

149.6
19.3
58.3

149.3
19.3
58.2

34.3

35.6

35.7

6.2

6.4

5.4

19.9

20.5

20.5

16.9
9.4
5.5

18. 1
10.1
5.9

<*)
(*>
(*l

51.8
28.6
16.2

57.4
31.5
18.4

t*)

10.8

11.7
6.3
4.5

(*)
(•)

<*>

5.9
4.0

11.9
3.7
1.8

12.2
4.0
1.8

12.2
4.0
1.8

62.9
13.4

67.0
13.9

66.9
13.8

14.4

15.3

8.9

8.8

8.8

4.1
1.4

4.1
1.4

I*)
(*>
(*>
(*>

572.1
14.4
72.8
95.2
42.6
31.7
52.8
157.9
38.7
21.4
7.2

587.7
14.5
73.4
98.8
43.3
33.3
52.0
153.6
38.7
22.0
7.1

<*>
(*)
<*>
(*>
(*>
<*)
(•>
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

85.8
38.2

91.8
41.1

90.9
40.5

1,360.9 1,3 66.8
58.6
58.5
21.4
19^3
107.7
105.2
7.9
7.6
57.6
56.4
212.1
203.6
It 302.0 1*311.5
924.9
914.7
712.9
7U.2
622.7
622.9
14.7
14.6
73.8
72.0
16.3
15.8
55.1
52.3
19.3
19.2
70.9
70.1

C*>
(•)
(*)
(•)
<•)
<•)
(•)
(•)

(*)

179.2 173.9
3.0
3. 1
13.8 13.3
16.9 15.7
29.7 29.0
5.7
5.6
16.7
16.4
64.2 61.8
6.0
5.7
5.0
4.9
3.1
2.9

(•>
(*)
(*)
(*>
<*>
(*)

23.1
8.5

23.8
8.7

23.8
8.8

425.5
14.7
4.6
26.1
1.4
10.5
34.2
452.2
318.7
284.5
262.5
2.7
13.1
3.6
13.5
3.9
17.9

422.6
14.5
4.8
27.0
1.5
10.4
33.9
444.4
315.9
281.9
260.0
2.7
13.1
3.6
13.6
3.7
17.7

(*1
(•1
I*)
<*)
<*>
(*)
(*>
(*)
(*)
(•)
l*>
(*)
(•)
(*)
!•>
<*>
(*l

96.8
3.2
25.3
19.1
9.7

97.2
3.4
2 5.6
19.2
9.7

9 7.3
3.4
25.7
19.3
9.7




365.8
11.9
61.7
61.8
39.2

368.8
12.0
62.3
63.2
39.9

(•1
<*)
<*!
(•)
(•>
(•)
(*)

<*l
<*l
364.9
11.8
61.7
62.3
39.5

134.4 138.5
3.8

4.1

13.1
13.8

13.2
14.5

8.6
5.4
7.0

9.4
5.5
8.1

58.7

58.7

8.3
6.2
2.5

8.6
6.4
2.6

16.3

17.1
8.5

8.3

573.6 576.2
13.3
13.3
3.5
3.7
20.1
19.6
1.0
1.0
14.3
13.7
42.4 44.6
576.3 581.4
480.0 482.1
437.5 437.5
417.7 416.8
2.5
2.6
15.9
15.5
2.4
2.4
14.4
14.3
4.8
5.0
17.9
17.0
82.2
2.3
17.3
14.3
13.3

83.0
2.9
18.3
14. 1
13.9

Government

Services

and real estate

2.0

FEB.
1975

JAN.
19 77

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

12.7

12.3

<*>

11.3

11.3

277.9
11.?

292.9
11 .3

294.4
1 1 ,4

281.4

275.2
11.7

3

158.5
27.9

159.0
27.9

6

306.8
101.4

312.1
103.8

314.2
103.4

320.2
8'+.3

319. 7
81.5

329.0
83.0

8

5

7
9

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.6

174.7
13.7

171.2
14.0

172.4
14.1

133.4
13.7

129.0
10.8

133.3
11.4

10
11

44.9

47.2

47.6

67.7

12

8.3
6.6

8.3
6.7

65.9
7.'*

67.3

8.1
6.2

6.0

15.4
4. I

55.6
10.7

57.8
11.0

1.4

6.0

6.1

102.5
15.5
49.6

46.9
23.3
14.0

47.3
20.6
13.6

( * ) 18
( * ) 19
< * ) 20

58.5
11.1
6. 1

49.8

50.0

6.9
<».5

7.1
4.6

51.9 21
7. 1 22

(*)
(*>

<*!
(*)

470.6
12 .6
54.2
37.6
43.3
34.1
43.4
141.0
23.8
41.9

(*>

17. 0
8.5

70.3
34.4

73.8
36.4

73.9
36.5

(*> 1,422.2 1,429.5
58.9
58.2
I•!
14.5
13.9
<*!
86.6
88.5
(*)
5.9
6.1
(*)
60.6
60.8
<*)
161.4
(•>
166.0
<•> 1,311.6 1,324.4
<*> 1,013.5 1,017.8
(*)
851.9
852.2
765.1
762.6
m
14.7
14.9
m
69.8
70.6
(*)
14.8
14.5
c*i
44.1
42.1
m
18.1
17.8
m
70.6
72.6
(•)

(*)
(*)
(*>
(•)
(*)
C*)
(*)
<*)
<*>
(*)
<*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

264.8
10.2
37.4
45.4
44.1

120.9
27.1
42.8

(*)
(*)
(*)

(*i

260.5
10.0
36.7
44.7
42.9

5. 9

8 . 3 13
5 . 9 14

118.9
26. 1
41.8

464.1
13.4
50.8
61.2
27.6
30.2
31.9
157.6
27.8
37.9
7.3

6.1

8.2

5.7

122.8
26.1
41 .5

456.4
12.9
32.1
57.7
27.9
29.8
30.8
154.0
27.3
36.1
7.0

83.5
2.8
18.3
14.1
13.9

2

156.8
27.6

( *)

c*>

6

104.0
24.1

115.7
73.4
27.3

m

i i

103.8
2^.1

109.1
70.0
25.3

<*i
<*>
(*)
(•)

28 2 . 0

99.3
23.2

101.4
15.3
48.9

{*)

1

(*)

4

99.5
15.2
47. 4

<*)
(*)
(*)

1 1 Q

FPR.
1977P

f*»
(*>
<•)
(•)
<*»
{*)

(•)

(*J
(*>
26 6.9
10.3
38.1
45.7
44.6

15
16
17

4 . 6 23

10.4

467.0
12.8
55.4
39. 7
42.6
33.9
44.1
142.7
25.4
43.6
10.7

( * ) 24
(*> 25
< * ) 26
4 * ) 27
( * ) 28
( * > 29
( * > 30
( * ) 31
( * > 32
< * ) 33
« * ) 34

108.6
36.7

107.6
36.1

109.5 35
37.2 36

1,275.3 1,217.2
85.6
85.3
23.1
22.3
87.0
83.3
6.8

6.6

38.3
40.2
166.4
163.5
1,049.0 I t 024.1
729.7
759.4
593.0
566.2
52D.1
493.1
20.4
20.8
60.3
57.3
19.5
19.5
47.2
47.4
28.5
28.5
50.9
51.2
329.0
9.6

33.5
42.3
60.2

333.8
9.6
34.2
41.7
61.9

C*J

37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53

336.7
9.6
34.7
42.1
62.6

55
56
57
58

(*1
(*)
(*)
C*)
!*>
(*)
(•)
(*)
<*>
(*)
<*!
<*)
(*)
{*)
<**
{*)

54

83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE A N D AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(in thousands)

Total

1 NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo—Moorhead
2
3 OHIO 3.
4
Akron 3
c;
Canton 3
Cincinnati 3
7
Cleveland 3
8
Columbus 3
9
Dayton 3.
10
Toledo3
11
Youngstown—Warren 3.
1? OKLAHOMA 3
13
Oklahoma City 3
14
Tulsa3
1

15 OREGON
Eugene-Springfield x
16
17
Jackson County
18
Portland 1
19
Salem
. . . .
?0 PENNSYLVANIA *
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton1
21
7?
Altoona 1
73
Delaware Valley 1 1 4
74
Erie l
75
Harrisburg '
76
Johnstown
Lancaster1
77
Northeast Pennsylvania 1
?R
79
Philadelphia SMSA '
30
Philadelphia City J 1 5 . . .
31
Pittsburah l
Reading *
3?
Scranton1 1 6
Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton * 17 •
34
35
Williamsport }
York *
36
37 RHODE ISLAND
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket1..
38
39 SOUTH CAROLINA 3
Charleston-North Charleston3
40
41
Columbia 3
Greenville—Spartanburg 3 . . * ? . . . .
42
43 SOUTH DAKOTA
44
Rapid City
45
Sioux Falls
46 TENNESSEE
47
Chattanooga
AO

Unnvuilla

49
50

Nashville-Davidson

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

20 3. 7
5 3. 7

209. 8
55. 1

210. 5
55. 2

2.4

3 987. 9 4 0 8 5 . 5 4 , 0 6 3 . 4
248. 7
246. 2
250. 8
145. 2
146. 4
141. 4
535. 9
535. 1
526. 2
855. 1
£43. 0
85 8 . 4
452. 3
455.6
445. 0
331. 8
330. 1
324. 0
284. 8
276. 3
285. 7
197. 4
199. 5
19 4. 4

26.6

43.9

FEB.

1976
•1
.2
.7
.4
1.5
.6
.4
.5

.3

911. 4
309. 0
237. 4

945. 6
321. 0
246. 1

950. 5
323. 4
246. 9

€36. 9
84. 5

872. 8
88.6

875. 4
88. 9

( 2)

444.

462.7
69. 1

463.

12)

6 7 . ~\

i}

4 , 400. 5 4 , 4 1 4 , 6 4 , 3 9 7 . 1
254, 0
254. 1
252. 3
50. 6
51, 0
49.
1 , 49 2. 8 1 , 4 8 4 , .5 1,485. 5
107. 0
107. ,5
106. 4
199. 0
201, 4
201. I
8 7 .4
84. 3
88. 4
132.
132. 4
130. <S
223. 1
222. . 3
224. 4
1 , 7 7 7 . 8 1 ,775 .8 1,775.. 5
794, 3
795. 3
804.
859 .8
879. 9
873.6
129, 1
129. 4
127. 6
79. 6
79, 4
80 .4
118. . 4
118. . 8
120. 7
5
4
4. 0
4
4
43.
.1
136 .9
133, A
136 t 3

16.0
1.3

(2)

47. 1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
9.0
(2)
1.2
(2)
(2)

11.3

84




1.3
.6
.4

.5
.2

.1

JAN. FEB.
1977 1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.

1977

FEB.
19 77P

11. 5
2- 5

12. 2

12. 2

16. 2

14. 9

14.7

2. 5

2. 5

4. 9

4. 7

4.8

27.9 1 2 9 . 8 1 3 1 . 1 129. 6 . , 2 6 6 .5 1,305. 5 1,289.5
83. 4
5. 5
5. 8
5. 8
.3
8 2.5
83.4
55. 2
53. 4
4. 7
4. 7
4. 6
.7
54.1 '
4
1
9
.
19. 1
19. 2
155.3
1-52. 3
5
.4
156.
6
24. 7
265.6
259. 7
25. 1
25. 4
1.3
267.
94. 8
92. 2
14. 8
93.6
• 6 15. 2 14. 9
9. 5
9. 4
9. 7
.4
106.6
101. 1
106. 8
85. 6
82. 5
.5
10. 2
84.7
10. 2 1 0 . 0
5. 2
7 5.7
76. 1
5. 1
5. 2
.2
77. 8

47.2
10.2
16.1

47.8
10.3
16. 3

43. 6
14. 5
13. 2

39. 3
14. 7
14. 7

42. 4

1.2
( 2)

1.2
(2)

29. 1
3. 0

34. 1
3. 9

34. 4

(2)
( 2)

(2)
(•>

16. 8
3. 0

17. 9
3. 3

17. 6

48.3
(2)
(2)
( 2)
(2)
(2)
9.5
(2)
1.1
(2)
(2)

11.5

(2)
(2)
i.i
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
1.0
(2)

(2)

( 2)

15. 8
15. 1

3. 9
(*)

153. 3
39. 5
51. 8

159. 3

180. 3
18. 1
6. 5
89. 5
10. 2

191, 2
19.0
7.1
95.2

42. 9
53. 3

10. 4

161.1
43.3
53.4

19 1.2
19.1
7.2

95.1
(*)

47.2 1 5 1 . 0 148. 3 145. 1 1,318. 5 1,314, 3 1,302.2
106. 6
107.1
106. 1
7. 3
7. 4
9. 1
(2)
12.8
12,.7
13,• 4
1. 8
1 , ,5
1. 7
(2)
7
379.
6
8
4
1
.
4
9
4
2
.
4
7
.
12)
377.
373.6
42. 1
41, 5
2, 2
41.6
2 ,.7
2. 5
(2)
3 9 ,,1
3 8 .• 0
7.,6
7. 8
8. 1
(2)
3 8.2
21. 4
22, 0
2, 5
2. 5
2 ,, 1
21.2
7.0
53. 4
52. 5
6. 2
6. 3
5 .9
53.2
(2)
68 .1
7 2 ,3
9. 1
1 1 . 1 10, 6
1.1
69.8
443. .8
51, 5
59 .2
52. 9
(2)
442. 6
43 7.8
158 .8
160..6
14 . 5
14, 6
1 6 , .5
(2)
156.3
246. 5
36, I
32. 0 3 1 , 6
11.4
240..6
234.6
50, 9
4 9 , .4
3.4
3 .8
3. 6
(2)
5 0.2
2 6 .1
2 6 .2
2, 0
2, 1
1 .9
(2)
26.1
3 8 , ,2
4 1 , .5
7, 6
8. 0
6 ,. 3
1.0
39.3
17 .2
17 . 0
1.1
1 .0
1 .1
(2)
16.9
5 7 .5
5 6 .8
5,. 2
5. 2
5,. 3
(2)
57.0

( 2)
( 2)

(2)
(2)

8 .7

10. 5

10 . 1

118 . 4

124 .4

(2)

8.9

10. 8

10. 3

132,.3

138 .9

125.6
140.0

7 1 , 0 4 2 * 6 1 • 047. 9
123 .4
123 .6
2
151 ,n
152 .6
0
231 .6
7
232 . 4

1.8
(2)
(2)
(2)

1 .8
( 2)
( 2)
(2)

1.8
(2)
(2)
{2)

58.9
8 .8
6 .8
13 .2

56 .6
9, 6
6 .9
12 .2

57 .9
9 .8
6 .6

364 . 1
15 .7
22 . 3
99 .7

371 • 6
17 .7
22 .6
100.8

369.7
17.5
2 2.7
100.8

21 . 1
2.2
6.8

21.3

21.0

2 .3
7 .1

2.2
7.1

364 .7

376.6

12

209, 0

210 .6

211 .0

2.5

2.6

24 . 6
45

(4)
(4)

(4)
(4)

1.7
2.0

7 .9
I .8
2. 1

6. 2

24 . 3
44 .7

2.6
(4)
(4)

7 .5

24. 1
44. 1

8.8
.8

8.6
.8

8.8
.8

62 . 6
5.3

56 . 4
5, 1

59 . 0
5.2

•2
(2)

12*5
(*)

' 1 5 .8

11 . 8
13 . 2

12 . 2
(*)

1 , 508,. 6 1 ,508 . 0 I , 513 . 7
155 .4
155 . 6
154. 6
177 3
177
174.
317 . 9
316
316.0
30 5
(*>
301 .1

.2

(2)

4 ,567 . 1 4 ,743 . 0 4, 754 . 7 134.9
51 TEXAS 3
(2)
64
66 .7
66 . 9
5?
Amarillo 3 . .
3
(2)
178 c
174 . 4
174 . 8
53
Austin
3
(2)
132 . 4
133 .4
132 .4
54
Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange ...
3.7
103 . 1
102 . 3
100 . 8
55
Corpus Christi 3
3
12.3
.
I
1 ,098 .5 1 , 128 .0 1 , 135
Dallas-Fort Worth
56
(2)
135 . 5
134 .8
138 . 0
57
El Paso l ..
(2)
67 .6
Sfl
{*)
64
Galveston—Texas City
1 ,066 . 9 1 t 119 .1 I , 122 # 3 44.9
Houston 3 . {
79
79
(2)
60
74 > 6
Lubbock 3 . . j
3
1.7
328 .6
328 . i
324 . 0
61
San Antonio
'
3
(2)
61 .0
59
6?
Waco . .J
60 ,7
2.2
45 . 8
63
Wichita Falls3...1
45 . 1
44 . 8
See footnotes at end of table.

28.2
.3
.7
•4

2.7

FEB.
1976

367, . 4
379 . 1

350. ft
363. 7
1, 0 1 3 .
117,
147,
230.

9.5

JAN. FEB.
1977 1977P
2 .6
.1

Manufacturing

Contract construction

Mining

143.9 144.6
(2)

( 2)
(2)
3.7
12.7
(2)
( 2)
46.5

(2!
(2)

3 0 5 . 6 310 . 4 317 . 3
4• 2
4. 1
3.8
8.6
8. 5
8 .9

(2)
3.8
13.1
(2)

13 • 1
11 . 4
46 • 6
6 .4

(•)

6 .8

46.2 113 • 4

(2)
1.7
(2)

<2

2.2

2.2

1.7
(2)

1.9
2. 4

4 mt
18 • 1
2
2 •6

13.7
10.9
47 • 2
6. 2

13
11 . 1
45 . 5
6 .4
8. 2
(*)
113 . 8 114 • 2
4.4
4.2
17 . 7
17 c
•8
2 .8
2.8
2.8

466 . 5
55 . 0
47
56 • 8
82 • 0

465
54
49
57
76

.3
.1
.4
.0
.7

466.5
53.8
49.4
57.5

635 • 6
8. 4
16 . 3
41 . 4
12 . 1
241 . 0
31 . i
11 . 8
185 . 6
9 •4
39 .4
13 . 5
7. t

863 .3
8 .9

864.6

17 .9

18.4
37.7
12.1
250.3
29.3

38 • 9
12 .3
249 .5
28 • 9
11 . 7
185 . 9
11 . 5

<*)
9.0

<•)

40.4
14.0

186.8
11.5
40.5
14.2

7 .3

7.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE A N D AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division-Continued
(In thousands)
Trsnsportstion snd

e and retail trade

\

public utilities

Finance, insurance,

Services

and real estate

FEB.
1976

JAN. FEE
197 7 1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
1976

12.4

12.7

3.3

3.4

55 . 9
16 . 1

59.8
17.0

59.8
17.0

8.9
3.1

8 54 . 1
52 . e
29 . 8
120 . 0
190 . 3
105 . 3
66 . C
61 . 8
41 . 5

8 94.4
55.1
31.4
126.3
197.8
110.1
69.4
65.2
43.5

884.1 173 . 0 176.4 176.6
8.2
8.6
8.7
54.1
5.2
5.3
5.2
31.1
28 . 3
28.3 28.3
124.4
44.3 44.4
19 5.4 4 3 . 4
3 0 • 0 30.8
31.0
108.3
6 8.7 1 0 . 7
11.1 11.1
9.3
8.9
9. 3
64.5
6 .3
43.3
6.6
6.5

685 .0
40 .8
24 • 1
95 . 7
157 .8
83 . 59 .8
50 • 2
31 c

12 . 9
3. 4

208.3 211.2 2 0 8 . 7
13.7 13.9 1 3 . 9
6.7

7.1

JAN. FEB.
1977 1977P
9.3
3.2

9.4
3.3

Government

FEB.
19 77P

FEB.
19 76

JAN.
1977

FFB.
1977P

42.

12.3

55 . 12 • I

56.3
12.1

57.0
12.1

1
2

705.4
42.6
25.1
98 .7
160.8
84.9
61.2
52.4
32.4

712.9
42.8
25.1
100.3
16 2.5
86.0
62.2
52.9
32.7

644 • 6
4 1 .,
16 . 9
80 .
119 . 9
96 m i
65 . 0
44 m ]
24 • 3

633.1
41.0
17.0
76.6
116.5
96.6
61.1
43.9
24. 0

634.1
40.9
17.2
78.2

3
4
g

116.8
95.4
60.9
44.1
24.5

10
11
12
13
14

FEB.
1976

JAN.

41 .0
11 . 6

41.9
12.1

1977

9.3

9.6

7. 1
29
44 .4
22 . 7
10 . 7
18 .7
9.4

56.2
19.4
18.4

57.5
19.6
18.6

57 .8
19 . 6
18 . 7

212 . 0
76 . C
56 . S

2 27.1
80.3
58.5

226.0
80.5
5 8.3

45 . 3
19 . 8
12 . 6

47.5
20.6
13.2

47.3
20.6
13.1

147 • 2
51 • 4
43 . 9

157.4
53.7
46.0

156.8
53.9
46.1

209 .9
78 . 9
24 .6

210.3
79. 0
25.7

211.3
79.4
25.9

49.3

51. 5
4.6

51
4 .5

197 . 6
20 . 3

2 08.1
21.9

207.0
21.7

4 9 .2
3. 9

53.4
4. 1

53.3

4.3

145 .5
14 . 0

150.6
14.9

150.9
15.0

184 . 6
20 .9

182.7
20.2

186.1
20.5

31.6

31 .7

111 . 6
13 . 4

116.8
13.8

116.1

32 . 1
3 .8

34.4

34.5

88 . 4
10 . 9

92.1
11.1

92.8

76 t
23 . 8

74.7
24.2

75.4

882 . 7
43 . 7
10 . 4
308 . 2
20 . 4
40 • C
18 . 5
27 • 8
46 . 2
3 83 . 4
150 . 4
187 . 8
23 . 4
17 . 7
24 . 2
8 .3
27 . 2

913.4
45.8
11.6
312.9
20.5
41.4
16.4
28.6
47.1
391.9
153. 1
195.4
24.0
17.9
24.8

898.7 2 0 7 . 6 210.3 210.7
7 .5
7.8
7.7
45.5
1.4
I .3
11.5
1.4
96.5 96. 5
311.0 9 6 . . 0
4 .2
4.5
4.5
20.3
10 .7
11.1 11.2
41.0
3.6
3 .1
16.0
3.5
4 a
4.2
4.2
28.3
8. 5
46.4
9.7
8.7
390.0 109,. 4 110.6 110. 5
64. 9
64.6 64.7
151.7
40. 0
40. 8 40. 9
189.6
5 .0
5.2
5.2
24.1
3. 0
17.7
3.0
3.0
4.9
4. 7
24.4
5.0
1 .8
8.6
1.3
1. 8
3. 1
2 8.4
3
.3
3.3

811
37 " i
7 .5
332 .8
17 . 8
3 1 .9
13, 7
20 . 7
37 .3
385, 1
199 . 8
174, 8
20 . 0
15 .3
16, 7
7 .6

823.9
37.9

829.7
38.1

701.7
35.5

708.9
35.3

7.5

7.4

70 . 7
73 . 0

73.8
76.1

73.6
75.8

17. 8
18. 0

13.1
18. 0

38. 8
4. 7
10. 8
8. 0

39.7
8.1

a. l

9 . .0
1. 2
2. 2

9.2
1.2
2.1

9.1
1.2

3 0. 1 29.4
4 5.1 4 5. 1
22.0 22. 8
12.1
11.8
18.2
18.6

2 9.7
2.2

2.3

{*)

2 52.4 254.4 2 5 4 . 6
13 . 1
12.9
13.0
7.5
8 .0
8. 1
80.6 82.2 8 2 . 3
5.0

5.3

14.7

14.£

5.6
5.7

5.6

6.5
4.5
5.9
2.0
6.2

6.4
4.2
5.8
2.C
5.9

5 .2
14 . 8
5 .7
5 .8
1 1 ,. 3
96 3
55. 9
5 7 ,. 0
6. 4
4. 2
5,. 8
2. 0
6, 1

13.0
13.0

13.1
13.3

13, 4

41. 1

44. C 4 4 . 2

11.7
95.1
54.7
56.2

5. 6
11.3
96.4
5 6. 3
57. 1

13.8

8.7

28.5

(*)

6.7
8.0
9.2

7.0
8.2
9.3

7. 1
8, 3
9. 3

176 . 7
24 . 5
29 . 9
41 . C

190.6
26.3
31.7
41.7

190.6
2 6.2
31.5
41.6

11.9

12.2

54.4

1.5
4.3

53 . 9
6 c
12 . 8

54.0

1.6
4.0

12. 4
1. 5
4, 4

6.8

7.0

13.1

13.1

71.3

71.2

5.4
7.3

5.5
7.6

2 0.6
16.8

20.7
17. 2

.5
.1
• 4
• 6
.5

3 24.0
30.6
38.8
84.7
71.3

319.2
30.5
38.6
84.5

72. 4
5. 5
7. 6
20. 6
(*)

315
29
37
84
67

<*)

65.
8.
6.
18.
18.

1
5
8
1
9

4.0

4.9

11.7

66.0
7.9
7.0

18.2
19.5

4.2

{*)

(•)

7.6

7.8

17.8

19.8

19.8

729 •
35 . 9
7 .6
247 ^5
14 . 8
55 . 6
14 . 4
13 # g
37 . 6
301 . 8
157 a 3
127 • 2
19
10 . 8
20 .3
5 m ~j
17 . 4

18.0
18.0

6 5 .2
64. 8

67.6
66.2

69.1
6 7.6

39.8
4. 9
11.7

1 2 6 .8
17. 9
21. 7
31. 4

133.0
18.6
22.4
31.9

4 6 ,. 1
5. 1
10. 0

46.9
5.2

5.3

10.5

10.6

233. 3

231 .7
22.8
25.1
60.5
54.5

233.0
23.1
25.2
60.4

2. 1
66.2
8. 0
7.0

18.3
<*>

22.
25,
59.
55.

7
4
0
5

7.9

33 3.9
18.4
32.6
14.4
20.9
38.6
386.7
195.5
177.9
20.7
16.0
16.3

7.8

340.1
18.7
32.9
14.7
21.2
38.7
392.9
200.5
177.5
21.1
15.7
16.6

238.9
14.2
54.6
14.0
13.0
36.3
294.7
151.4
118.3
18.3
11. 1
19.4

(*)

240.4
14.5
55.4
13.7
13.5
36.5
296.5
151.7
117.2
19.0
10.9
19.1

c

D

7
Q

g

4C

ID

16
17
18
19
20
91
Z1

22
23
24
oc

/D

26
97

<LI
9ft
ZO
9Q
in
ou

31

to

OO

JO

5.8

5.8

o^

16.7

16.5

35
36

57 . 0
53 . 7

56.6
53.3

57.2
54.0

37
38

134.5
18.7
22.5
32.1

205 . 5
38 . 9
47
28 .2

205. 3
39.3
47.5
27.6

209.4
39.4
49.3
28.3

19
in
>v

46.7

57 . 0
5 .8
6 .3

56.5

56.6

5.5
5.5

5.5
5.5

284.7
28.6
38.9
63.1
48.7

288.6
28.7
39.0
64.2

<*>

285
27
39
64
48

.5
.8
.8
.2
.8

(*)

42
IO

\A
45
6
7
8
Q

y
0

287.9 293.9 294. 0
6.3
5.6
9.4
5.5

73.8

6.4
5.4

9.-8
5. 7
75.8

S.5
5.5

9.5
5.4

77.3
4. 5
13.9

79.8

2.9
2.2

3.C
2.2

4.7

14.A

6. 4
5. 5
10. 1
5. 6
76. 0
9. 5
(•)
79. 7
4. 6
14. 4
3. 0
2. 2




It

. 1 1, 176.6
.3
20.3
35.9
.<;
27.3
.0
.6
26.4
.4
312,2
.0
33.9
.8
11.7
281.6
2 56 . 5
23 . 0
24.1
81 .0
82.0
13 . 4
13.9
1 1 .. 2
11.5

124
19
35
27
24
297
34
10

1,167.9 247. 8 260.9 262.1
3. 1
3.2
3.2
20.3
9.7
9. 4
3 5.9
9.7
4.9
4. 6
27.6
4.9
4. 7
4.8
26.3
4.8
83.4 83. 9
80.8
310.4
6. 2
6.1
-6.2
34.1
(*)

281.3
24.3
81.2
13.8
11.4

4.
60.
3.
20.
3.

1
3
6
9
4
2. 0

4.4

(*)

63.1

63. 1

3.8

3.7

21.7

21.9

3.5
2.1

3.5
2.1

782. 8
12.
27.
19.
15.

193.
21.
9.

203.

0
9
9
9
1
7
5
3
4
3
5

13.
60.
12.
6. 7

831.3
12.5
29.0
20.1
16.6
197.3
21.4
9.8

216.8
14.0
61 .2
12.7
6.7

835.3
12.5
29.6
20.2
16.5
200.0
21.5
I*)

218.8
14.1
62.0
12.9
6.7

843
11
70
18
22
153
28
15
125
16
38
10
10

.4
.2
.4
.0
.9
.5
.5
.8
.1
.4
.7

.7
.7

862.7
11.3
68.3
18.1
22.5
151.6
28.6
16.4
131.6
16.7
89.7
10.8
11.0

868.9
11.3
70.9
18.2
22.3
154.2
28.7
(*>

132.2
16.9
89.3
10.8
11.0

•j

2
>3
A
S

1

I
J
7
\

2
63

85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division-Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Contract construction

Manufacturing

State and area

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

FEB.

1976

JAN. FEB.
19 77 1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

EB.
97 7 P

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

FEB.
19 77P

319.6

467.0
335.6

468. 1
336. 1

13.2
6.0

14.9
7.0

15.0
7. 0

21.4
15.1

22.9
16. 3

22.7
16.5

67.4
45.7

71.6
48.2

72.0
48.3

VERMONT . (
Burlington1'
Springfield1

160. 0
41.4
12.1

163.5
4 2.4
11.8

165.1
43.2
11.8

.7

.6

5.0

5.3

5.1

39.2
9.3
5.4

40.1
10.0
5,0

40.3
10.1
5.1

VIRGINIA *
1,
Bristol 1
3
Lynch burg
Newport News-Hampton 3
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouthf.
Northern Virginia 3 ??
Richmond3
Roanoke 3.

782.6
24.0
59.6
127.7
242. 8
350.5
280.2
^4.8

00.9 102.3 104. 2
.9
.9
.9
2.4
2.4
2.5
6. 2
6.4
6.4
14.4 14.4 14.2
21.4 19. 9 20.5
15.1
14.9 14.8
4.6
4.2
5.0

380.2
8.6
26.3
31.7
24.9
13.1
51.2
21.4

389.3
8.7
27.2
32.9
25.8
13.8
51,2
20.9

389.5
8.6
27.5
32.7
25.6
13.6
5 0. 9
20.9

FEB.

1976
443. 0

Salt Lake City-Ogden 3

WASHINGTON
Seattle-Everett
Spokane
•.
Tacoma
1

WEST VIRGINIA .
Charleston1
Huntington-Ashland1..
Parkersburg-Marietta.'.
Wheeling 1
WISCONSIN
Appleton-Oshkosh 3 ..
Green Bay 3 . . Kenosha 3 .
La Crosse 3
Madison 3.
Milwaukee 3
Racine 3
WYOMING * .
Casper 1 ...
Cheyenne'
1

,848.0 1,849.8 21.0
24.8
24.8
(2)
61.2
61.1
(2)
134.0
134.3
(2)
248.0
249.4
(2)
359.3
359.3
.3
285.0
286.3
.3
9 5. 8
95.9
. 1

22.2
(2)
{ 2)
( 2)
(2)
.3
.3
.2

22.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
<2)
. 3
.3
. 2

1.8
(2)
(2)
(2)

1.9
( 2)
(2)
(2)

1.9
(2)
12)
(2)

48.2
20,8
4.4
4.3

50.6
23.3
4. 4
5.0

52.2
24.4
4.5
5.1

235.8
116.5
13.4
20.3

242.8
119.2

244.5

14.7
18.8

14.8

95.7
50.8
62. 6

67.3
6.3
.7
.4
8.4

70.2
6.2
•8
.4
8.4

68.3
6.2
.8
.4
8.4

26.1
5.8
5.4
2.3
2.3"

26.7
5.4
5. 0
1.9
2.0

26.5
5.3
4.9
1.9
2.0

120.6
18.7
27.7
16.1
13.6

123.3
19.1
28.3
16.6
13.7

U9.4
19.1
28.1
16.4
13.3

,657. 9 1 ,718.3 1,714.6
105.5
105.6
104.7
67.6
67.3
65.0
40.8
34.2
33.4
3 5.6
35.8
35.0
143.4
144.9
14 0.8
607.2
6 07.1
594.0
63.2
60.2
61.9

1.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

1.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
<2)
(2)

53.4
4.3
2.6
.9
1.0
4.9

55.6
4.3
2. 9
.7

1. I
5.1

57.8
4.3
3.2
.8
1.2
5.2

491.7
39.7
19.2
10.0
8.5
16.5

513.7
40.4
19.7
17.5
8.7
17.1

506.2
39.9
19.7
10.9
8.7
16.9

17.4
1.5

17.6
1.4

18.5
1. 5

19 2.8
26.7

197.8
27.0

19 7.6
27.0

22.4
5.0
(2)

11.3
1.9
1.3

13.3

13.3
2. 1
1.5

7.9
1.6
1.4

8.4
1.7
1.4

8.4
1.7
1.3

1 , 197.7 1 ,23 2.3 1,238. 1
587.3
59 2. 1
561.6
103.9
104.5
101.4
118.9
11 5. 3
118.8
573.3
101.9
95.2
50.8
63.2

143.5
26.0
22. S

584.9

576.0

102.3

101.8

96.1
5 1 .0
63.2

156.9
27.7
23.5

157. 0
27.9
23.4

18.9
4.6
(2)

Based on 1972 Standard Industrial Classification and adjusted to 1976 benchmark;
not strictly comparable with previously published data.
2
Combined with services.
3
Based on 1972 Standard Industrial Classification.
4
Combined with construction.
5
Federal employment in the Maryland and Virginia sectors of the Washington SMSA
is no longer included in data for the District of Columbia.
6
Based on 1972 Standard I ndustrial Classification and Gary portion of Chicago-Gary
Standard Consolidated Statistical Area adjusted to 1976 benchmark; not strictly comparable
with previously published data.
7
Area included in Chicago-Gary Standard Consolidated Statistical Area.
8
Data now include federal employment in the Maryland sector of the Washington,
D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
9
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey.
1
° Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey.
1
* Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
12
Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.
13
Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.

86




.6

1 .8
( 2)
{ 2)
( 2)
( 2)
(2)
(2)
( 2)
22.4
5.1
(2)

2. 1
1.4

119.8
18.6

14
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Bucks,
Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania.
1s
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Philadelphia County.
16
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lackawanna County.
17
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Luzerne
County.
18
Revised to 1976 benchmark; not strictly comparable with previously published data.
19
Total includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. Services excludes
agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.
20
Subarea of Washington, D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Alexandria,
Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Loudoun, and Prince
William Counties, Virginia.
preliminary.
* Not available.

SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricutturai payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Wholesale and retail trade

Services

Government

JAN. FEB.
1977 1977P

FEB.

1976

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
1S76

JAN. FF.B.
1977 1977P

1976

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

FEB.

1976

1976

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

2 7.0
21.7

2 8. C 28. I
22.4
22.2

105.1
78.9

114.8
85.2

112.5
83.6

20.0
16. 5

21.4
17.2

21.5
17.5

75.3
51.3

78.3
53.5

79.3
54.6

113.5
84.2

115. 1
85.9

117.0
86.2

1
2

32.6

34.4

34.7

6.7
-

38.4

31.3

30.5

31.7

9.4
1.8

6.7
-

38.3

9.0
1.8

6.5
-

37.1

3.7
1.8

8.9
2.1

9.2
2.2

9.2
2.1

3
4
5

82.6

87.6

87. 9

298.7

314.1

314.7

430.2

.9
2.6

.9
2.7

.9
2.7

3.0
8.0

3.3
8.1

3.4
7.9

4.0

4. 0
12.3
19. 7
21.6

4. 4
13.0
21.3
22.4

4. 4
12.8
21.2
22.7

5.3

5.4

22. 0
42.2
80.3
46.8
17.2

23.7
42.8
83.2
49.3
17.7

23.7
42.9
83.1
48.9
17.7

220.5
106.4
22.9
23.6

229.0
110.0
23.7
24.7

81.5
16.5
13.0

83.2
17.0
13.1

FEB.

7. 7
1.9
.7

7.7
2.0
.7

102.7 107.4

108.2

7.5
2.0
.7

.9
2.6

.9
2.6

1.0
2.6

3 66.3
5.7

9.6
"yy

17.2
24.7
17.4
10.0

17. S
25.3
17.9

70.7
3 8.7

73. 1
41. 5

7.0
5.2

7.1

38.3
e. 7

39.3
8. 7

9.1
2.3
3.6

9.2
2.3
3.6

8.7
9.2
2.3
3.6

80.5

80.4

80.6

4.0
4.5
1.3
2.1
5.3

3.S
4.3
1.2

3.9
4.3
1.3
2.2
5.2

18.2
25.3
17.7

9.S

9.8

73.1
41.8
7.1
5.4

5. 4

39.5

~7

387.7
6.1
9.6

38 2.6
6.0
9.5

cc • /
56. S
81.7
64.1
22. 1

24.4
60.7
87.1
68.0
23.6

60.0
86.2
66.6
2 3.2

2 79.5
133.6
27.5
27.3

290. 1
145.5
28.4
30.3

287.5
144.8
28.1
30.2

66.2 * 68.4
39.5 41.7
6.4
5.4

6.2
5.6

6.3
5.5

113.0
23.0
19.4
11.1
13.3

116.5
23.1
19.8
11.4
13.5

113.7
22.9
19.7
11.2
13.4

18.4

18. 2

18. 1

4.4
3.3
1.7
2.4

4.5
1.7
2.4

4.5
3.3
1.7
2.4

366.2
21.3
15.3

390.3
21.2
16.0

386.5
21.2
15.8

75.3

77.5

77.2

7.7
9.6

7.6
9.7

31.9
133.3
12.3

31.6
131.3
12.1

4.2
2.1
.3
.9
9.5

4.2

7.4
9.C

4.0
1.9
.8
.9
8.9

32.7

33.4

30.6

2. 1
5. 1
30.6

3 0.5

2.2

2.1

2.1

29.4
128.7
11.7

12.4

12.6
2. 1
3. 2

12.6

31.4

34. 2

3 3.9

2.1
3.1

6.5
5.1

7.1
5.5

7.2
5.4

1.9
3.2




3. 3

1.7

1.7

4.8
1.1
1.2

5.4
1.2
1.2

5.4

68.4
41.8

2. 1
.7

. 9
9.5

33.4
1. 7
5.5

1. 3
1.3

FEB.

_

_
-

4 37.4

-

440.5

6
7

8 .1
36.5
74.9
109.3
63.9
13.7

3.9
8.5

4.1
8.5

38.4
74.8
108.4
62.4
14.0

38.5
74.3
109.1
62.8
14.0

231.2
111.5
23.9
25.0

275.0
106.1
19.8
29.2

276.4
106.1
19.4
29. 1

279.3
108.0
19.8
29.0

82.0
16.9
13.0

108.1
18.5
16.5

107.5
18. 3
16.7

108.5 18
I S . 1 19
16.8 20

9.0
7.8

9,0
7.5

296.4
14.9

287.0
14.8

7.8

7.7

7.7

11.9

12.0

12.0

292.5
16.4
11.7

312.0
16.8
12.4

313.2
16.9
12.7

7.1
7.4

7.0
7.8

7.0
7.8

24.3
113.4
9.3

24.8
118 .5
10.2

20.4
4.0
3.7

9.2
7.4

8
Q
y

10
11
12
13

14
15
16
17

21
22

291.4 23
15. 1 24

9.8
5.9
6.1

9.8
5.7
5.4

25.0
118.5
10.2

51.5
78.5

5 0.0
76.1

8.4

8.5

5.6

21.8

22.0

36.4

38.8

33.9

4.0
4.1

4.1
4.1

4.4
7.0

4.4
6.7

4.4

9.9
5.9
5.4

51.5
77.3

6. 7

25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on
private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1955 to date
Average
Year and

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Total private 1

$67.72
1955
70.74
1956
73. 33
1957
75. 08
1958
78. 78
1959.2. . . . . .
80. 67
I960
1961
82. 60
85. 91
1962
88.46
1963
1964
91. 33
1965.
95. 06
98. 82
1966
1967
101. 84
107.73
1968
114.61
1969.
1970
. . . 119.46
1971
127.28
1972
136.16
1973
145.43
154.45
1974
162.89
1975. .
176. 29
1976
170.88
Mar
171. 12
Apr
May . . . . 174.36
June . . . . 176.54
177.88
July
178.97
Sept
179. 55
180.28
Oct
180. 50
Nov
182.73
Dec
1977:
179.48
Jan
F e b . P . . . . 182.73
P
M a r . . . . 183.45

39.6
39. 3
38.8
38. 5
39. 0
38. 6
38. 6
38. 7
38. 8
38. 7
38. 8
38. 6
38. 0
37. 8
37. 7
37. 1
37. 0
37. 1
37. 1
36.6
36. 1
36.2
35. 9
35.8
36. 1
36.4
36.6
36. 6
36.2
36.2
36. 1
36.4

Mining

1
2

Weekly
hours

$2. 20
2. 33
2.46
2.47
2. 56
2. 61
2. 64
2. 70
2. 75
2. 81
2. 92
3. 05
3. 19
3. 35
3.61
3. 85
4. 06
4.41
4. 73
5.21
5. 90
6.42
6.29
6.33
6. 35
6. 32
6.39
6. 29
6. 60
6. 56
6.62
6.71

$90. 90
96. 38
100.27
103.78
108.41
113.04
118.08
122.47
127.19
132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54
195.45
211.67
222.51
235. 69
249.08
265.35
2 84. 93
269- 54
278.25
283. 09
288.04
291.07
2 92. 21
287.41
299.87
289-25
289. 98

37. 1
37. 5
37. 0
36. 8
37. 0
36. 7
36. 9
37. 0
37. 3
37. 2
37. 4
37. 6
37. 7
37. 3
37. 9
37. 3
37. 2
36.9
37. 0
36.9
36. 6
37. 1
35.7
37. 1
37.2
37. 9
37. 9
37. 9
36. 8
38.2
36.8
36.8

286. 62
293. 14
289- 15

43.4
43.3
42.9

6.76
6.77
6.74

269.84
287.26
287.31

33.9
36, 5
36. 6

5. 07
5. 09
5. 11

35.4
35. 9
35.9

Wholesale am1
retail trade

$118.37
125. 14
128.13
131. 22
138. 85
148.15
155. 93
169.24
187. 92
204.62
218. 29
234.43
257. 75
248.46
251. 46
2 52. 41
256.80
259. 69
265. 02
265. 06
265. 20
267.33
269. 33

41. 1
41. 3
41. 2
40. 5
40. 6
40. 7
40. 5
40. 2
40. 5
40. 6
40. 2
39.6
39. 9
39.5
39.6
39. 5
40. 0
40. 2
40. 2
40. 1
40. 0
40. 2
40. 5

$2. 88
3. 03
3. 11
3. 24
3.42
3. 64
3. 85
4.21
4. 64
5. 04
5. 43
5. 92
6.46
6.29
6. 35
6. 39
6.42
6. 46
6. 56
6. 61
6. 63
6. 65
6. 65

264.26
269. 60
266. 39

39. 5
40. 0
39.7

6. 69
6.74
6. 71

136. 78
138. 18
138.60

_

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.

Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959.

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$2. 45
2. 57
2. 71
2. 82
2. 93
3. 08
3. 20
3. 31
3.41
3. 55
3. 70
3. 89
4. 11
4. 41
4. 79
5. 24
5.69
6. 03
6. 37
6.75
7.25
7.68
7. 55
7. 50
7. 61
7.60
7. 68
7. 71
7.81
7.85
7. 86
7.88

$75. 70
78. 78
81. 59
82. 71
88.26
89. 72
92. 34
96. 56
99. 63
102. 97
107.53
112.34
114. 90
122.51
129.51
133. 73
142,44
154.69
166.06
176.40
189.51
207. 60
202. 80
198. 74
205. 82
2 08. 06
208. 00
208. 40
212. 93
211.20
2 1 5. 2.0
220. 05

7.96 212.94
7. 87 216. 11
7.85 219.75

Finance, insurance , and
real estate

39.4
39. 1
38. 7
38. 6
38. 8
38. 6
38. 3
38. 2
38. 1
37.9
37. 7
37. 1
36. 5
36. 0
35. 6
35. 3
35. 1
35. 1
34. 7
34. 1
33. 8
33. 6
33.2
33. 5
33. 5
33.8
34. 5
34. 3
33.6
33. 3
33. 2
33. 9

$1.40
1. 47
1. 54
1. 60
1. 66
1. 71
1.76
1. 83
1. 89
1.96
2. 03
2. 13
2. 24
2. 40
2. 55
2. 71
2. 86
3. 01
3. 20
3. 47
3. 75
3, 97
3. 90
3. 91
3. 95
3. 95
3. 96
3. 98
4. 04
4. 06
4. 08
4. 07

$63.92
65. 68
67. 53
70. 12
72. 74
75. 14
77. 12
80. 94
84. 38
85. 79
88. 91
92. 13
95. 46
101.75
108. 70
113.34
120. 66
126.88
132.10
140. 19
150. 75
159. 58
156. 88
158.84
160. 01
158.84
160. 01
162.36
160. 67
161. 85
161. 04
162. 58

37. 6
36.9
36. 7
37. 1
37. 3
37. 2
36. 9
37. 3
37. 5
37. 3
37. 2
37. 3
37. 0
37. 0
37. 1
36. 8
36. 9
37. I
36. 9
36. 7
36. 5
36. 6
36.4
36.6
36. 7
36.6
36. 7
36.9
36.6
36. 7
36. 6
36. 7

32.8
32. 9
33. 0

4. 17
4. 20
4. 20

166.34
165. 88
165. 88

36. 8
36.7
36.7

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Hourly earnings
excl. overtime

Manufacturing

Contract construction

40. 7
40. 8
40. 1
38.9
40. 5
40. 4
40. 5
40. 9
41.6
41. 9
42. 3
42. 7
42. 6
42.6
43. 0
42. 7
42.4
42. 5
42. 5
42.4
42. 3
42. 8
42.2
42.3
42. 5
42.8
42.7
41. 2
43.8
43.8
43.6
43.7

$55.16
57. 48
59. 60
61. 76
64. 41
66. 01
67. 41
69. 91
72. 01
74. 28
76. 53
79. 02
81. 76
86. 40
90. 78
95. 66
100.39
105. 65
111.04
118.33
126.75
133, 39
129-48
130. 99
132.33
133. 51
136.62
136.51
135. 74
135. 2 0
135. 46
132. 97




Weekly
earnings

$1. 71
$89.54
95. 06
1. 80
98. 65
1. 89
1.95
96. 08
2. 02
103.68
105. 44
2. 09
2. 14
106.92
110, 43
2. 22
114.40
2. 28
117.74
2. 36
123.52
2. 45
130. 24
2. 56
135. 89
2. 68
142.71
2. 85
155. 23
3. 04
164.40
3. 22
3.44
172.14
187.43
3.67
201. 03
3. 92
220. 90
4. 22
4. 54
249. 57
274. 78
4. 87
265.44
4. 76
4. 78 267. 76
269-88
4.83
4. 85 270.50
4. 86 ' 2 7 2 . 8 5
4. 89 259. 15
4. 96
289. 08
287.33
4. 98
5. 00 288.63
5. 02 293.23

Transportation and
public utilitie s

1955
1956
1957
1958 2
1959.
1960.......
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967.......
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976.......
Mar
Apr
M!ay
June . . . .
July
Aug
Sept
Oct. . . . . .
Nov. .
Dec
1977:
Jan
Feb.P....
Mar.P...

Hourly
earnings

$1. 70
1. 78
1. 84
1. 89
1. 95
2. 02
2. 09
2. 17
2. 25
2. 30
2. 39
2. 47
2. 58
2. 75
2. 93
3, 08
3. 27
3. 42
3. 58
3. 82
4. 13
4. 36
4. 31
4. 34
4. 36
4. 34
4. 36
4. 40
4.39
4. 41
4. 40
4. 43

40. 7
40.4
39. 8
39.2
40. 3
39. 7
59. 8
40. 4
40. 5
40. 7
41. 2
41. 3
40. 6
40.7
40. 6
39. 8
39. 9
40. 6
40.7
40. 0
39.4
40. 0
40. 0
39.2
40. 2
40. 4
40. 0
40. 0
40. 1
40. 0
40. 340.6

$1.86
1. 95
2. 05
2. 11
2. 19
2. 26
2. 32
2. 39
2.46
2. 53
2.61
2. 72
2. 83
3.01
3. 19
3.36
3. 57
3. 81
4. 08
4.41
4. 81
5.19
5. 07
5. 07
5. 12
5. 15
5. 20
5. 21
5. 31
5.28
5. 34
5.42

$1. 79
3
1.89
1. 99
2. 05
2. 12
2. 20
2. 25
2. 31
2. 37
2.44
2. 51
2. 59
2, 72
2. 88
3. 06
3.24
3.44
3.66
3. 89
4.24
4. 66
5. 00
4.88
4. 92
4. 93
4. 96
5. 00
5. 02
5. 09
5. 08
5. 14
5.21

39. 0
39.8
40. 1

5.46
5.43
5.48

5. 25
5.23
5.27

Services

$69.84
73. 60
77. 04
80. 38
83. 97
90. 57
96. 66
103. 28
110. 14
117.64
127.46
137.23
146. 06
142. 52
143. 19
144.96
145.82
146. 88
146. 88
148.07
148.74
149. 97
150. 97

36. 0
35. 9
35. 5
35. 1
34. 7
34. 7
34. 4
34. 2
34. 1
34. 0
33. 9
33. 8
33. 5
33. 3
33. 3
33. 4
33. 6
34. 0
34. 0
33. 5
33, 5
33. 4
33. 4

$1. 94
2. 05
2. 17
2. 29
2. 42
2. 61
2. 81
3. 02
3. 23
3. 46
3. 76
4. 06
4. 36
4.28
4. 30
4. 34
4. 34
4. 32
4. 32
4. 42
4. 44
4. 49
4. 52

4. 52 153. 18
4. 52 153. 97
4. 52 153.85

3. 33
33.4
33. 3

4, 60
4. 61
4. 62

3
Prior to January 1956, data were based on the application of adjustment factors to gross average
hourly earnings. (See Explanatory Note.}

p = preliminary.

89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2.

Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1

on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry

Industry

MINING

142

15
16
161
162
17
171
172
173
174
176

METAL MINING
Iron ores . ."
Copper ores
COALMINING
Bituminous coal and lignite mining . . .
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum and natural gas fields .
Oil and gas field services
NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT
FUELS
Crushed and broken stone
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION . . . .
GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, nee
SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
P l u m b i n g , h e a t i n g , air c o n d i t i o n i n g

. . . .

P a i n t i n g , paper h a n g i n g , d e c o r a t i n g

. . . .

Electrical w o r k
M a s o n r y , s t o n e w o r k , a n d plastering . . . .
Roofing and sheetmetal w o r k

MANUFACTURING
19,24,25,
32-39
20-23,26-31

Feb.
1977P

Mar.
1977P

Feb.
1976

1976

I Jan.
1977

$170.64 $170.88 $179.48 $182.73

£183.45

$4.74

$4.76

$5.07

Feb.
1976

TOTAL PRIVATE
10
101
102
11,12
12
13
131,2
138
14

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

sic
Code

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977 P
$5.09

Mar.
1977 P
$5. 11
6.74

268.
263.
282.
268.
315.
316.
252.
269.
243.

265.44
267.32
276.22
277.30
307.23
307.65
250. 30
262.66
243.66

286.62
286.62
311. 95
281.25
32 9-94
330.70
274.21
299.81
262.66

293. 14 289. 15
287.58
312.60
276.05
330.80
331.57
283.67
299.62
276. 58

6.29
6. 50
6.80
6.77
7. 74
7. 77
5.62
6.60
5. 17

6.29
6. 52
6.77
6.78
7. 70
7. 73
5.65
6.55
5. 24

6.76
6. 94
7. 34
7.23
8.29
8. 33
6.08
6. 94
5.71

6.77
6.98
7.39
7.17
8.27
8.31
6. 14
7. 10
5.75

214.
205.

217.51
206.64

227.93
203.84

242.95
232.39

5. 05
4.88

5. 13
4. 92

5.67
5.35

5.65
5.33

272.66
264.25
255. 58
231.47
270. 18
282.03
292.13
250.39
326. 11
261. 18
223. 73

269. 54
260. 19
250.28
225. 09
265. 13
282. 14
299.09
252.20
330.87
252.40
213.54

269.84 287.26
258.74 281.86
243. 53 268.97
233.91 250.75
248.98 279. 36
284.39 296. 67
313. 97 322.87
254. 99 269.73
333.60 344.36
228.79 253.75
213.85 232.44

287.31

7.47
7. 32
6. 52
5.86
6.91
7. 90
7. 96
7. 30
8. 65
7. 75
7. 08

7. 55
7.35
6.71
6. 10
7. 07
7. 97
8. 04
7. 31
8.73
7.79
7. 19

7.96
7.77
7. 10
6. 78
7.28
8.34
8.44
7.87
9- 09
8.23
7. 53

7.87
7.68
6.95
6. 53
7.20
8. 31
8.43
7.91
9. 11
8. 03
7.45

7.85

216. 11

219.75

5. 04

5. 07

5.46

5.43

5.48

201. 10 202.80

212.94

DURABLE GOODS

218.16

219.92

229. 50 233. 92

237.69

5.40

5.43

5.81

5.79

5.84

NONDURABLE GOODS

178.42

179.21

189.59

192.76

193.65

4. 54

4.56

4.95

4. 93

4. 94

226.03
229-88
251.65
189-26

227.96
228.17
249.82
188. 54

244.82
251.25
279.61
200.04

243.61 247.46
250.67
(*)
280.26
200. 50

5. 54
5.69
6.26
4.65

5. 56
5.69
6.23
4.69

6.06
6.25
6.87
6. 09

6. 03
6.22
6.92
5.00

6.08
(*)

179-20
177.80
185. 09
184.21
178.79
193.75
132.62
129. 12
157.00

178.65
176.84
184. 92
184.93
178.72
193.46
138.84
137.46
159.39

191.57
193.55
203.26
200. 07
188.44
220. 59
135.36
135. 77
155.42

196.00 194. 04
197.06 198.77
206. 14
201. 56
(*)
189.24
222.86
141.35 140. 60
142. 05
162.77 162.36

4.48
4.39
4. 57
4. 64
4.62
4. 68
3.49
3. 38
3.82

4. 50
4.41
4. 60
4.67
63
73
56
48
3.85

4. 95
4. 90
5. 12
5. 13
4.92
5.42
3.76
3. 73
4.09

4.90
4.83
5. 04
5.09
4.89
5.37
3.71
3. 68
4. 10

4. 90
4.86

4. 16
3.92
3.69
4.20
4. 54
4.75
5.07
4. 58

4. 19
(*)

4. 37

3.90
3.69
3.45
3.97
4.28
4. 31
4.77
4. 44

4. 15
3.91
3. 66
4. 18
4. 55
4.73
5. 05
4.62

5. 07
6. 54
5.20
5. 34
4.99
6.81
4.09
3. 71
4.38

5. 11
6.59
5.23
5.35
5. 04
6.83
4. 11
3. 74
4.43

5. 50
6.89
5.66
5.78
5.47
7.46
4.44
3.91
4.79

5. 55
7.07
5.71
5. 77
5.62
7. 50
4.46
3.97
4.89

5. 59

DURABLE GOODS

19
192
1925
1929

ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES

24
242
2421
243
2431
2432
2442441,2
,249

LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general . .
Millwork, plywood and related products .
Millwork
Veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wooden boxes, shook, and crates . . .
Miscellaneous wood products

A m m u n i t i o n , except f o r small arms . . . .
Complete guided missiles
A m m u n i t i o n , exc. f o r small arms, nee .

(*)
3.70
4. 10

25
251
2511
2512
2515
252
254
253,9

FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture . . . .
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Other furniture and fixtures

149.38
141. 66
135. 54
148.13
158.15
168.20
181. 58
164.31

150.93
142.43
135.24
150.07
159.64
171. 54
189.37
170. 05

151.06
139. 59
131.39
146.72
164.71
184. 00
192.41
173.25

154.75
143.86
137.27
152.46
165.71
188. 58
196.21
174.96

32
321
322
3221
3229
324
325
3251
326

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS .
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown . . .
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Brick and structural clay tile
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster
products
Other stone and nonmetallic mineral
products
Abrasive products

206.35
280. 57
211. 12
217.87
200. 60
279-89
165.24
151.74
170.38

207.47
279.42
212.34
219.89
201. 10
282.76
166.87
152. 59
172.77

214. 50
294.20
225.83
234.67
211.69
308.10
173.16
152.10
179.63

224.22 228.63
302.60
230. 11
(*)
234.84
222.55
314.25
(*)
176. 17
(*)
156.02
184.84

204.09

205.44

201.32

221.94

233.75

4. 99

5.06

5.34

5.40

5. 50

203. 50
200. 15

203.72
197.85

212.61
207.19

220.86
216.26

(*)

5.00
5.08

5.03
5. 06

5.41
5.34

5.44
5.42

(*)

327
328,9
3291

See footnotes at end of table.

90




159. 64
(*)
3. 44

179. 18

4.63

(*)

(*)
(*)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Average weekly hours

sic

Industry

Code

Feb.
1976

TOTAL PRIVATE
10
101
102
11.12

12
13
131,2
138
14
142

MINING
METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores
COALMINING
Bituminous coal and lignite mining . . .
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum and natural gas fields •
Oil and gas field services
NONMETALLIC MINERALS,EXCEPT
FUELS
Crushed and broken stone

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
15
16
161
162
17
171
172
173
174
176

GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS .
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
Highway and street construction

. . . .

Heavy construction, nee

SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS .
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Roofing and sheet metal work

..
..
..
..

MANUFACTURING
19,24,25,
32-39
20-23,26-31

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1 1977

Average overtime hours

Feb.
1977P

Mar.
1977P

36.0

35.9

35.4

35.9

35. 9

42.7
40. 6

42.4
41.3
42. 5
38.9
39.8
39-7
45. 1
43.2
46.0

43.3
41.2
42. 3
38. 5
40. 0
39.9
46.2
42. 2
48. 1

42. 9

41. 5
39.6
40. 7
40.7
44. 9
40. 9
47. 1

42.2
41. 0
40.8
40. 9
39-9
39.8
44. 3
40.1
46.5

42.4
42. 1

42.4
42. 0

40.2
38. 1

43. 0
43.6

36. 5
36. 1
39.2
39.5
39. 1
35.7
36.7
34. 3
37.7
33.7
31.6

35.7
35.4
37.3
36.9
37.5
35.4
37.2
34. 5
37.9
32.4
29-7

33. 9
33.3
34.3

34. 5
34.2
34. 1
37.2
32.4
36.7
27.8
28.4

36.7
38.7
38.4
38-8
35.7
38.3
34. 1
37.8
31.6
31.2

36.5

Feb,
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977 P

Mar.
1Q77P

36.6

39.9

40. 0

39. 0

39.8

40. 1

2.9

3.0

3.0

3. 0

3.2

DURABLE GOODS

40. 4

40. 5

39.5

40.4

40.7

2.8

3. 0

3. 1

3. 1

3. 3

NONDURABLE GOODS

39.3

39.3

38.3

39. 1

39.2

2.9

3.0

2.8

2.9

3. 0

DURABLE GOODS

19
192
1925
1929

ORDANCE AND ACCESSORIES
Ammunition, except for small arms . . .
Complete guided missiles
Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee

40.8
40.4
40.2
40. 7

41. 0
40. 1
40. 1
40.2

40.4
40.2
40. 7
39.3

40.4
40. 3
40. 5
40. 1

40. 7
(*)

2. 5
2.0

2. 5
1.8

2.9
2.7

2.4
2.2

24
242
2421
243
2431
2432
244
2441,2
249

LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general .
Millwork, plywood and related products
Millwork
Veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wooden boxes, shook, and crates . .
Miscellaneous wood products

40. 0
40. 5
40. 5
39-7
38.7
41.4
38. 0
38.2

38.7
39-5
39.7
39. 0
38.3
40.7
36. 0
36.4
38. 0

40. 0
40.8
40. 9
39.6
38.7

39.6
40. 9

3.4
3.8

3.4
4. 0

3.2
3. 9

3.6
4. 3

(*)

2.9

2.9

3. 0

3.2

38. 0

2. 0

2. 3

1.9

2.4

41. 1

39.7
40. 1
40.2
39.6
38.6
40.9
39- 0
39. 5
41.4

39.6

3. 7

3.8

3. 0

3.4

25
251
2511
2512
2515
252
254
253,9

FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture . . .
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Other furniture and fixtures

38.6
38.6
39.4
37. 5
37.3
39.3
38.8
37.6

38.7
38.6
39.2
37.8
37.3
39.8
39.7
38.3

36.4
35.7
35.9
35. 1
36.2
38.9
38.1
37.5

37.2
36.7
37.2
36.3
36. 5
39.7
38.7
38.2

38. 1

2.0
2. 1
2.6

2.2
2.2
2. 5

1. 5
1.4
1.4

1.8
1.8
2.2

1.6
2. 0
1.6

2.4
2. 6
1.8

2.6
1.9
1.3

2. 5
1. 9
1. 0

32
321
322
3221
3229
324
325
3251
326

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown . .
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Brick and structural clay tile
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum and plaster
products
Other stone and nonmetallic mineral
products
Abrasive products

40.7
42.9
40.6
40.8
40.2
41. 1
40.4
40.9
38.9

40.6
42.4
40.6
41. 1
39.9
41.4
40.6
40.8
39- 0

39.0
42.7
39.9
40.6
38.7
41.3
39. 0
38.9
37.5

40.4
42.8
40.3
40.7
39.6
41.9
39.5
39.3
37.8

40. 9

3.7
4.4
4. 0

3.6
4.0
4.3

3.4
6.2

4. 1

4.0
6.3
4.2

""2.6
2.6

3. 1

~2.9
2.8
.3.3

"~2.7
2.9
3.3

~3.3
3.4
3. 1

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.4

40. 9

40.6

37.7

41. 1

42. 5

4.6

4.2

3.3

5. 1

40.7
39.4

40. 5
39. 1

39.3
38.8

40.6
39-9

(*)

3. 1

3.0

3. 0

3.3

327
328,9
3291

41. 5
38. 1
38.6
39.7

I*)

38.7

7*)
(*)
7*)
(*)

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued

1

Average weekly earnings

sic
Code

Industry

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977 P

Average hourly earnings
1977^

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.

Mar.
1977 P

DURABLE GOODS-Continued
33
331
3312
332
3321
3322
3323
333,4
3334
335
3351
3352
3357
336
3361
3362,9
339
3391

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
$265. 02 $268. 52 $281. 20
Blast furnace and basic steel products
293.88
296.60
308.
Blast furnaces and steel mills
300. 62
302.20
313.
Iron and steel foundries
241. 13 248. 66 260.
Gray iron foundries
249.49
257. 09 269.
Malleable iron foundries
244. 97
261. 74 263.
Steel foundries
221.49
221. 53 236.
Nonferrous metals
2 58. 54 263. 94 285.
Primary aluminum
310.
280. 69 294. 56
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
242.44
247. 13 261.
Copper rolling and drawing
2 50. 54 2 54.
245. 80
Aluminum rolling and drawing
258. 64 261. 80 272.
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating 237. 06
260.
243. 86
Nonferrous foundries
207. 25 209. 09 214.
Aluminum castings
222.
213o 44 217. 18
Other nonferrous castings
205.
199- 98
199.89
Miscellaneous primary metal products
255. 60 258. 85 267.
Iron and steel forgings
284.
267.20
273.23

34
341
342
3421,3,5
3429
343
3431,2
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446,9
345
3451
3452
346
347
348
349
3494,8

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans
Cultery, hand tools, and hardware
Cutlery and hand tools, incl. saws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Sanitary ware and plumbers' brass goods .
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural steel
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) . . .
Sheet metal work
Architectural and misc. metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal stampings
Metal services, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products . . . .
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products. . . .
Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings

35
351
3511
3519
352
353
3531,2
3533
3535,6
3537
354
3541
3544
3545
3542,8
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3564
3566
357
3573
358
3585
359

MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Steam engines and turbines
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm machinery
Construction and related machinery
Construction and mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metal working machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Special dies, tools, jigs and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Miscellaneous metal working machinery .
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and compressors
Ball and roller bearings
Blowers and fans
Power transmission equipment
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Service industry machines
Refrigeration machinery
Miscellaneous machinery, except electrical..

See footnotes at end of table.

92




214.65
2 94. IP
202.80
189- 13
213.46
190. 00
189-37
189.74
210.40
221. 95
163.30
229.60
213.79
196.89
206. 86
195. 46
217. 12
242.90
173.63
184.27
211. 34
220. 54
231. 39
258. 26
238.79
266. 99
251.40
245. 09
260. 01
235.40
231.15
203. 57
242.11
236.47
268. 51
218. 15
215.47
211. 34
22 0. 86
173.13
212. 13
228.48
228.52
236.87
207.66
229. 63
214. 54
227.64
200. 38
201.79
225.09

216. 52
292. 07
206. 74
191. 35
218.70
187. 23
191. 04
183.46
210. 53
222.09
167.70
227. 92
214. 34
195.23
212.48
200. 49
223.33
247. 16
174. 87
186. 80
213. 31
222.14
232.63
257. 99
241. 90
265. 58
250. 06
242.76
257. 60
231. 23
231. 57

219.85
296.78
202.40
195.89
207. 06
194.81
192.79
195. 94
214. 73
225. 98
170.75
236. 61
217. 01
200. 98
223.45
211.82
234. 74

247.56
181.24
187.77
223. 36
227.29
243.41
285. 63
268.06
293.46
260. 48
253.37
268.91
244. 86
224.85
207. 90 234. 77
244. 11 261. 46
239.20 265.23
271.25 287.31
217.49 2 35. 65
215.74 227.26
213.20 226.89
223.31
235. 57
175.64
185. 97
218.12 242.57
230. 11 240.78
232.67 242.95
238.91
249. 70
208. 58 231. 58
234.77 237.18
217. 35 222.32
229. 15 229, 02
202.40 202. 17
2 05. 34 201.28
237.89
227.42

$285.
311.
316.
266.
274.
273.
240.
287.
314.
270.
263.
282.
269.
221.
227.
214.
270.
287.

£289. 68

270. 52

287.86
273.71

221. 94

275.95

223.91
305. 58
204. 53
201. 28
206. 64
2 05.02
205.77
204.22
219- 70
230. 52
169. 34
244. 77
222.80
203. 67
231. 55
224. 61
238.26
243.42
184.86
192.40
231. 54
238.52

228. 02
(*)
(*)

249. 04
285. 53
269. 78
2 92. 98
260. 76
259.49
274. 91
255.79
230. 26
235. 13
2 7 1 . 53
278.52
299.71
238. 86
233. 04
234. 06
244.85
188.47
253.73
247. 16
250. 32
249. 48
233. 94
249. 00
219. 10
226.85
209.44
208.74
243. 02

251. 08
288.67

(*)

(*)

233. 10

(*)
184.40
(*)
(*)

(*)

267.95

235. 57

247.80

(*)
(*)
245.70

,46. 56
7.44
7. 63
5.91
6. 10
6. 33
5. 35
6.26
6. 78
5.80
5. 77
6. 10
5. 74
5. 13
5. 27
4. 95
6.28
6. 68
5. 30
6. 81
5. 07
4. 74
5. 31
4.75
4.77
4.72
5.26
5. 44
4. 32
5. 60
5. 44
4. 91
5. 07
4.85
5.27
5. 91
4. 33
4. 63
5. 18
5. 34
5.63
6. 33
5.81
6. 56
6. 00
5. 92
6.42
5. 35
5. 53
5. 18
5.82
5.81
6.23
5.36
5.36
5. 18
5.40
4. 35
5.29
5. 60
5.56
5.82
5. 14
5. 56
5. 22
5.42
5.06
5. 07
5.45

$6. 63
7. 49
7.67
6. 05
6.24
6. 56
5. 39
6. 36
6. 98
5.87
5.84
6. 16
5.82
5. 15
5. 31
4. 96
6.36
6.78
5. 32
6.84
5. 13
4.76
5.40
4. 74
4.80
4. 68
5.25
43
30
60
44
93
5. 12
4.89
5. 33
5.97
4 35
4. 67
5. 19
5.34
5. 66
6. 37
5. 90
6. 59
6.04
5.95
6. 44
5.39
5. 58
5. 25
5. 84
5.82
6.25
5. 37
5.38
5.20
5.46
4. 38
5. 32
5.64
5.62
5.87
5. 15
5.63
5.2 5
5.43
5. 06
5. 07
5.48

$7. 03
7.86
8.03
6. 50
6.73
6.78
5.83
6.92
7. 65
6. 25
6. 18
6.43
6. 23
5.43
5. 55
5.28
6. 78
7.20

$7. 06
7.93
8. 11
6. 52
6.74
6.87
5.83
6.95
7. 68
6. 33
6.21
6. 55
6. 30
5.45
5. 55
5. 33
6.74
7. 16

5. 58
7. 10
5 . 06
5 .01
5 . 10
5 . 06
5 .06
5 . 05
5 . 52
5.75

5. 57
7. 19
5. 05
5.07
5. 04
5. 10
5. 17
5.03
5. 52
5.72
4.48
5.97
5. 57
5.29
5. 50
5. 31
5.70
6.29

4. 59
5. 99
5. 55
5. 18
5.45
5.23
5. 67
6.43
4. 60
4 79
5. 57
5.64
6. 01
7. 07
6. 57
7. 30
6. 40
6. 35
6.86
5.83
5.81
5.84
6.24
6.33
6.62
5.79
5.71
5.63
5.86
4. 72
5.96
5.96
5. 94
6. 12
5.69
5. 90
5. 37
5. 44
5.42
5. 44
5.76

4. 61
4.81
5. 62
5.72
6. 03
7. 05
6. 58
7.27
6. 36
6. 36
6.89
5.84
5.80
5.82
6. 30
6.33
6.69
5.84
5.74
5.64
5. 90
4. 70
5.97
5.97
5.96
6. 07
5.61
6. 00
5.37
5.44
5.44
5.45
5. 80

$7. 10
(*)
6. 55

6. 97
6.41

5.48

6.78
5. 63
(*)

(*)

"(*)

(*)

5. 55

(*)
4-61
(*)
(*)
6. 05
7. 11

(*)

6.29

5.69

6. 00

_(*)
5.85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours

sic

Industry

Code

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1 9 7 7

1977

P

19777

P

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.r
1977 F

Mar v
1977T

D U R A B L E GOODS-Continued
33
331
3312
332
3321
3322
3323
333,4
3334
335
3351
3352
3357
336
3361
3362,9
339
3391

PRIMARY M E T A L INDUSTRIES
Blast furnance and basic steel products . . .
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries
Nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum rolling and drawing
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating .
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum castings
Other nonferrous castings
Miscellaneous primary metal products . . . .
Iron and steel forgings

40. 4
39. 5
39.4
40. 8
40. 9
38.7
41. 4
41. 3
41.4
41.8
42.6
42.4
41.3
40. 4
40.5
40.4
40.7
40. 0

40. 5
39-6
39.4
41. 1
41.2
39- 9
41. 1
41. 5
42.2
42. 1
42. 9
42. 5
41. 9
40. 6
40. 9
40.3
40.7
40. 3

40. 0
39-2
39- 0
40. 1
40. 1
38.8
40. 5
41. 3
40. 6
41.8
41.2
42.4
41.8
39.5
40. 0
39.0
39-5
39.5

40. 4
39. 3
39. 0
40. 8
40. 7
39.8
41. 3
41.3
40. 9
42.8
42. 5
43. 1
42.8
40. 6
40. 9
40. 2
40. 1
40. 2

34
341
342
3421,3,5
3429
343
3431,2
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446,9
345
3451
3452
346
347
348
349
3494,8

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Cutlery and hand tools, incl. saws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric . . . .
Sanitary ware and plumbers' brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric . . . .
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural steel
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) . .
Sheet metal work
Architectural and misc. metal work . . . .
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal stampings
Metal services, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products . . .
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products . .
Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings

40. 5
43.2
40. 0
39.9
40.2
40. 0
39-7
40.2
40. 0
40.8
37.8
41.0
39.3
40. 1
40.8
40. 3
41. 2
41. 1
40. 1
39.8
40. 8
41. 3

40. 7
42.7
40. 3
40.2
40. 5
39- 5
39-8
39.2
40. 1
40. 9
39. 0
40.7
39.4
39.6
41. 5
41. 0
41. 4
40. 2
40. 0
41. 1
41.6

39. 4
41.8
40. 0
39. 1
40. 6
38. 5
38. 1
38.8
38. 9
39.3
37.2
39. 5
39. 1
38.8
41. 0
40. 5
41.4
38. 5
39.4
39.2
40. 1
40. 3

40. 2
42. 5
40. 5
39.7
41. 0
40.2
39.8
40. 6
39-8
40. 3
37.8
41. 0
40. 0
38. 5
42. 1
42. 3
41.8
38.7
40. 1
40. 0
41.2
41. 7

35
351
3511
3519
352
353
3531,2
3533
3535,6
3537
354
3541
3544
3545
3542,8
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3564
3566
357
3573
358
3585
359

MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Steam engines and turbines
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm machinery
Construction and related machinery
Construction and mining machinery . . .
Oil field machinery
Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails . . .
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metal working machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types . . . .
Special dies, tools, jig and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Miscellaneous metal working machinery
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and compressors
Ball and roller bearings
Blowers and fans . .
Power transmission equipment
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Service industry machines
Refrigeration machinery
Miscellaneous machinery, except electrical .

41. 1
40.8
41. 1
40.7

41. 1
40. 5
41. 0
40.3
41.4
40.8
40. 0
42.9
41. 5
39.6
41.8
41. 1
43.4
40. 5
40. 1
41. 0
40. 9
40. 1
41. 0
40. 8
41. 4
40. 7
40. 5
41.7
41. 4
42.2
40. 0
40. 5
41. 5

40. 5
40.4
40.8
40. 2
40. 7
39-9
39.2
42. 0
38.7
40.2
41.9
41. 9
43.4
40. 7
39-8
40. 3
40.2
39.4
40. 7
40.4
40. 9
40. 8
40.7
40.2
41.4
42. 1
37. 3
37. 0
41. 3

41. 3
40. 5
41. 0
40. 3
41. 0
40. 8
39.9
43.8
39.7
40.4
43. 1
44. 0
44. 8
40. 9
40. 6
41. 5
41. 5
40. 1
42. 5
41. 4
42. 0
41. 1
41.7
41. 5
40.8
41.7
38. 5
38.3
41. 9

41. 9

41. 4
40. 5
44. 0
41.8
39.3
41.6
40. 7
43. 1
40. 7
40. 2
40. 8
40. 9
39-8
40. 1
40. 8
41. 1
40.7
40.4
41.3
41. 1
42. 0
39.6
39.8
41.3

41. 9

40. 8
(_*)
41. 3

41_. 3

2.8
2. 0
1.9
3. 7
3.9

3. 0
2. 1
2. 0
4. 0
4.2

3.2
2. 3
1.1
4. 1

3.4
2. 5
2.4
4.2
4.6

3. 6
3.3

3. 5

3.7
3. 3

3.8

42. 7

4_.6

40. 5

4.4
3.4
2.8

4.3
4.2
3. 0

5. 6
4. 3
3. 1

6.0
4.6
3.2

40. 7

3. 5

3

3

_17

3.4

40. 5
(*)

2.9

3. 1

(_*)

4. 4
2.6

3.6
2.9

3. 1
3. 3
3. 1

3. 1
3.8
3. 1

(*)

3. 0

2.6

2.8

3.2

(*)

2. 5
3. 0

2.6
3.0

2.4
2.6

2.6
2.6

2.9

42.0

2.8

15

2. 9

3. 5

2.8

3.8

3. 2

4. 3

(*)
40. 0

3. 3
3. 5
2.6
2.9

3. 7
3.4
3. 0
3.2

4.
3.
2.
3.

0
1
3
0

3.2
3. 5
2.4
3. 3

41. 5
40. 6

2.9
2.6

3. 0
2.8

3. 4
3.2

3. 5
3. 1

(*)

3. 3
2.9
2.2

3. 3
2.6
1.9

3.9
2. 3
1. 7

3. 7
2.4
1. 7

3. 6
2. 5

3.8
3. 1

4.9
4.4

5. 3
4. 9

2.6

2. 7

3. 6

3. 5

41. 4

2. 7

2.8

3. 1

3.4

41.3

2.6
2. 5
2.8

3. 0
3. 4
2.8

3.4
3.8
3. 9

3.4
4. 1
3. 1

2.9
1.9

3.8
2. 1

1.7
1.6
3.8

2.2
2. 3
3.9

42.6

(_*)
(_*)

42. 0

3. 3
3. 1
1.8
1.8
4. 0

1.8
1. 7
4. 1

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers

1

on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Average weekly earnings

sic
Code
1 9 7 6

1 9 7 7

1 9 7 6

1977

Average hourly earnings
P

1 9 7 7

P

1 9 7 6

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1 9 7 7

Feb.
1977?

Mar.
1 9 7 7 ?

DURABLE GOODS-Continued
36
361
3611
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3642
3643,4
365
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674,9
369

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES . $ 1 9 0 . 7 2 $ 1 9 2 . 0 0 $ 2 0 1 . 7 6 $207. 95 $ 2 0 8 . 2 4
125. 06
2 1 2 . 9 3
1 9 5 . 8 2
216.40
Electric test and distributing equipment....
1 9 8 . 0 9
—
205. 92
195. 02
208.40
Electric measuring instruments
1 9 1 . 5 8
—
185. 32
Transformers
206. 9 5
1 8 8 . 5 5
2 0 9 . 9 9
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus . . 2 0 6 . 1 6
206. 96
226. 6 4
2 2 2 . 8 3
Electrical industrial apparatus
2 0 3 . 4 5
2 0 9 . 4 4
2 0 9 . 3 2
194. 17
1 9 4 . 9 7
—
Motors and generators
2 0 8 . 2 1
217. 22
201. 06
200. 16
—
Industrial controls
1 9 2 . 6 7
1 7 8 . 2 3
190. 19
1 8 0 . 7 8
Household appliances
2 0 1 . 8 5
1 9 0 . 3 2
187. 8 6
200. 58
198. 02
Household refrigerators and freezers . . . .
—
1 9 7 . 7 1
227. 14 2 1 3 . 7 3
1 9 7 . 0 1
Household laundry equipment
—
2 1 4 . 4 2
226. 3 5
2 1 0 . 7 1
2 2 8 , 4 8
Electric housewares and fans
—
171. 5 5
1 5 8 . 7 1
168. 02
1 5 8 . 2 8
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
195. 2 0
1 8 2 . 0 5
1 9 4 . 8 0
1 8 4 . 6 3
1 8 7 . 2 9
Electric lamps
—
213. 56
202. 54
1 9 2 . 8 7
1 9 1 . 5 8
Lighting fixtures
—
1 9 2 . 2 7
1 9 2 . 7 2
1 9 0 . 3 2
1 8 8 . 4 8
Wiring devices
—
174. 9 0
171. 07
186. 99
1 7 8 . 7 8
Radio and TV receiving equipment
1 6 4 . 6 2
1 6 7 . 4 2
171. 65
.170. 78
(*)
Communication equipment
222. 2 0 240. 17
220. 4 4
248.53
(*)
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
2 4 5 . 8 4
260. 53
2 2 6 . 7 0
2 2 8 . 0 7
Radio and TV communication equipment 2 1 6 . 5 4
—
235. 31
218. 14
238.79
Electronic components and accessories . . . .
1 7 4 . 7 6
1 6 9 . 6 5
1 5 8 . 4 0
1 5 8 . 3 9
174.87
Electron tubes
—
2 0 4 . 6 2
2 0 2 . 4 0
227.84
220. 95
Other electronic components
—
168.42
1 5 2 . 1 0
163. 7 7
1 5 2 . 4 8
Miscellaneous electrical equip, and supplies. • 2 2 4 . 6 6
2 3 5 . 4 2
2 2 7 . 4 2
246. 15 2 4 5 . 3 2
Engine electrical equipment
~
2 4 2 . 9 0
264. 13
2 4 7 . 6 8
239- 36

37
371
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3722
3723,9
373
3731
3732
374
375,9

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles
Passenger car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Other aircraft parts and equipment
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Other transportation equipment

264. 13
2 9 4 . 7 9
3 0 8 . 4 5
3 3 8 . 5 5
2 1 6 . 5 2
290. 11
194. 3 9
259. 12
268. 14
2 5 8 . 2 6
241. 19
220. 15
2 3 4 . 1 4
1 7 2 . 2 6
240. 11
1 6 6 . 4 5

2 6 9 . 19
3 0 1 . 7 0
3 1 6 . 5 4
3 3 5 . 6 9
2 1 8 . 4 3
2 9 8 . 5 1
1 9 2 . 2 3
2 6 1 . 4 0
2 7 0 . 4 4
2 5 8 . 6 2
2 4 3 . 7 8
2 1 9 . 9 4
2 3 3 . 8 3
1 7 3 . 8 9
2 5 6 . 7 6
169. 38

282. 17
318, 52
3 4 0 . 4 3
366. 03
2 3 0 . 06
3 0 8 . 8 4
2 0 9 . 7 2
275. 11
2 8 4 . 2 8
2 7 5 . 9 3
253. 58
219. 41
2 3 2 . 0 1
177. 51
2 7 0 . 3 4
1 7 0 . 9 4

280. 98
313.58
331. 14
331. 52
239-99
311.22
211. 17
282.31
288.70
288.98
"260. 18
227.76

38
381
382
3821
3822
383,5
385
384
386
387

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Mechanical measuring and control devices
Mechanical measuring devices
Automatic temperature controls
Optical and ophthalmic goods
Ophthalmic goods
Medical instruments and supplies
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

1 9 0 . 8 0
2 0 3 . 4 1
1 8 2 . 5 6
1 8 7 . 2 0
175. 11
1 6 8 . 2 4
1 5 2 . 8 8
165. 51
2 5 2 . 5 4
152.86

193.
201.
187.
188.
1 8 7 .
172.
1 5 5 .
1 6 5 .
2 54.
1 5 3 .

11
90
92
0 0
4 6
06
2 3
8 5
98
6 5

2 0 1 . 4 5
2 1 1 . 2 0
1 9 6 . 3 2
2 0 2 . 1 8
1 8 7 . 2 9
175. 38
1 5 8 . 8 0
1 7 4 . 2 1
269- 04
156. 53

206. 55
218.28
2 04. 09
208.59
197.14
182.86
162.93
180.29
267.39
165. 63

2 0 3 . 6 0
—
203. 00
—
—

39
391
394
3941-3
3949
395
396
393,9
393

MISC. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Toys and sporting goods
Games, toys, dolls and play vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Other manufacturing industries
Musical instruments and parts

152. 08
158.24
142.08
133.88
149.73
154.77
130.47
163.63
152.08

153. 6 5
1 6 2 . 7 0
1 4 2 . 8 2
1 3 3 . 8 6
150. 50
1 5 5 . 5 4
1 3 0 . 4 4
166.45
156.41

159.42
163.76
145. 36
138.67
151.81
167.56
136. 15
173.81
156.53

167.03
173.76
154.05
147.07
160. 36
168.44
150.02
179.60
167.63

165.

20
201
2011
2013
2015

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats . . . .
Poultry dressing plants

192.23
196.89
243.49
233.92
1 1 3 . 7 6

192.15
198.69
246.86
229.47
1 1 5 . 4 8

204.62
210.79
267.97
243.66
119. 99

206. 19
208.36
260.82
248.98
119.71

2 0 7 . 2 3
205. 98
—
—
—

(*)
178.42
264.41
177. 17

2 9 7 . 5 0
3 4 3 . 1 0
—
—
—
—
—
(*)
—
—
(*)
—
—

(*)
179-

54

(*)

71

(*)
—
—
—
—
(*)

$ 4 . 7 8
4. 92
4 . 8 5
4.61
5. 1 8
4.83
4. 93
4. 57
4. 72
4. 95
5.47
4. 08
4. 54
4. 65
4. 77
4. 32
4. 47
5.47
5. 57
5. 40
4. 01
5.01
3.87
5. 52
5. 91

$4.80
4. 94
4. 90
4.61
5.20
4. 85
4. 94
4. 60
4.77
4. 98
5. 60
4. 09
4. 57
4. 67
4.83
4. 34
4. 36
5. 50
5. 59
5.44
4. 02
5. 04
3.88
5. 52
5.91

$5. 16
5. 35
5. 20
5. 06
5.67
5.23
5. 38
4. 94
5. 13
5.46
6. 09
4.41
4.89
5.22
4. 96
4. 68
4. 51
5. 93
6. 07
5.81
4. 35
5. 51
4.21
5. 96
6. 40

$5. 16
5.33
5.21
5. 06
5. 6 1
5.22
5. 3 9
4 . 8 9
5. 1 3
5. 3 7
6. 0 2
4.41
4 . 8 7
5.26
4 . 9 3
4. 64
4. 53
5.96
6. 13
5.81
4.35
5. 49
4. 20
5.96
6. 3 8

$5. 18
5. 3 1
—
—
—
5. 2 1
—
—
5. 1 1
—
—
—
4.88
—
—
—

6. 38
6.92
7. 19
7. 91
5. 32
6.81
5. 01
6.32
6. 54
6. 33
5. 84
5. 49
5.81
4. 35
6.42
4. 29

6. 44
7. 00
7.26
7.88
5.38
6.91
4.98
6. 36
6. 58
6.37
5.86
5. 54
5.89
4.38
6. 55
4. 31

6.95
7.62
8. 01
8. 30
5.96
7.46
5.23
6.71
6. 9 0
6.83
6. 14
5.82
6.22
4. 54
7. 0 4
4.62

6. 8 7
7. 52
7 . 9 6
7 . 9 5
5.97
7.41
5.24
6.77
6. 9 4
6.93
6. 18
5.84

7. 0 0
7.71
—
—
—
—
—

4. 77
5. 01
4. 61
4. 68
4 . 4 9
4. 2 7
3.93
4. 19
6. 10
3.86

4.78
5. 01
4. 64
4. 70
4. 55
4.28
3.92
4. 22
6. 10
3.88

5. 1 0
5. 3 2
4. 97
5. 08
4.79
4. 52
4. 19
4. 49
6. 53
4. 13

5. 10
5. 35
4. 99
5. 10
4.82
4. 56
4.21
4. 53
6. 49
4. 11

3.95
4. 11
3.70
3. 57
3.81
3.85
3.47
4.25
3.95

3.96
4. 14
3.70

4.25
4.49
3.95
3.82
4.07
4. 19
3.76
4. 57
4. 17

4.26

3. 56
3.81
3.85
3.46
4.29
3.99

4.24
4. 45
3.95
3.82
4. 07
4.21
3.72
4.55
4. 13

4.83
5. 01
5.91
5.79
3. 16

4. 84
5.03
5.92
5.78
3. 19

5.22
5.35
6.32
6.20
3.38

5.22
5.37
6. 30
6.24
3.43

5.22
5. 35

(*)
4. 54
6. 94
4.65

(*)
(*)
—
4.38
—
—
5.94

(__*)
—
—
(*)
—

5.
—
5.
—
—

09
00

(*)
—
4. 58
(*)

(*)
—
—
—
•—
(*)

NONDURABLE GOODS

See footnotes at end of table.

94




—
—
—

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours

sic

Industry

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.,
19771

Mar.,
19771

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb. T
1977*

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES .
Electric test and distributing equipment....
Electric measuring instruments
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus . .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers . . . .
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Lighting fixtures
Wiring devices
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories . . . .
Electron tubes
Other electronic components
Miscellaneous electrical equip, and supplies. .
Engine electrical equipment

39.9
39.8
39.5
40.2
39.8
40. 2
40. 6
39.0
39.8
39.8
39.2
38.9
40. 1
41.2
39.9
39.6
3 8.4
40. 3
40. 7
40o 1
39.5
40.4
39.4
40.7
40. 5

40.0
40. 1

39. 1
39. 8
39.6
40.9
39.3
38. 9
38.7
38.5
38.6
41.6
34.6
38.1
38. 3
38. 8
38. 0
38.2
36.5
40. 5
40.5
40.5
39.0
40. 1
38.9
39.5
38.7

40. 3
40. 6
40.0
41.5
40.4
40. 1
40. 3
39.4
39.1
39.8
37.6
38.9
40.0
40. 6
39. 0

40.2
40.5

2. 1
2.0

2.2
1.9
1.7

2.4
2.2
2.0

2.4
2.3
1.9

40.2

2.0
2. 3
1. 1
2. 1

2.3
2.6
1. 4
2. 3

2.4
2.7
1.6
2.1

2.5
2. 7
1.4
1.8

1.6
Z.O
2. 7
2.3
1.5
1.4
2.2

1.9
20 7
3.0
2.8
2.4
1. 3
2.0

1.7
2. 1
1.8
2.4
1.9
1. 7
2.4

1.7
2.3
2. 1
2. 3
2. 3
1.0
2. 8

273
2. 1
2.1
2. 1
2.6

2? 0
2.0
2.0
2.0
3.0

2.5
2.2
1.1
2.4
3.8

276
2. 3
1.6
2.4
3.8

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles
Passenger car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Other aircraft parts and equipment
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Other transportation equipment

41. 4
42.6
42.9

42.5
44.5

3.7
4.7
4.9

3.9
5. 1
5.4

4.3
5.8
5.9

3.7
4.6
4.8

4.7

5.2

5.7

4. 8

(*)

2.7
2.7
2.4
3.3
2. 7

2.8
2.6
2.6
3.5
2.7

2.8
2.4
3.0
3.5
2.4

2.9
2. 3
3.3
3.6
2.6

1.5
2.0

1.8
3. 1

2.0
2.2

2O1
2.2

2.2
2.8
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.5
2.0
2. 8

2.3
2.2
2.6
2.6
2.5
2. 1
1.9
2.0
2.6
2. 3

2. 3
2.5
2.7
2. 7
2.6
2. 3

1.6

2.4
2.9
2. 3
2.2
2.5
2.6
2.2
2.0
3.0
1.5

2.0
2. 3
1. 7

2.3
2.9
1.9

1.7
Z.O
1.2

2.0
2. 1
1.5

2.7
1.8
2.0
1.4

2.9
2.0
2.3
1.8

2.7
1.6
1.7
1.2

2.4
2. 3
2.2
1.8

3. 7
3.8
4.6

3.6
3.8
4.9

3.5
3.8
4. 7

3. 7
3.6
4.6

Code

Mar P
1977

DURABLE GOODS-Continued
36
361
3611
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3642
3643.4
365
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3

3674,9
369
3694
37
371
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3722

3723,9
373
3731
3732
374
375,9
38
381
382

3821
3822
383,5
385
384
386
387
39
391

394
3941-3
3949

395
396
393,9

393

39. 8
40.9
39.8
40.2
40. 7
39. 3
39.9
39.7
40.8
38.7
40.4
41. 3
39.9
40.3
38.4
40.4
40.8
40. 1
39.4
40.6
39.2
41.2

41. 1

40.6
41. 8
42.5
44. 1
38.6
41.4

40. 3
37O 7
41.7
42.5
41. 1
40.2
41.5
40. 1
41. 3
41.4

39~.5

40.0

(*)
(*)
39.9
41. 3

38. 8

41. 8
43. 1
43.6
42.6
40.6
43.2
38.6
41. 1
41. 1
40.6
41.6
39.7
39.7
39.7
39.2
39.3

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.
Engineering and scientific instruments
Mechanical measuring and control devices . .
Mechanical measuring devices
Automatic temperature controls
Optical and ophthalmic goods
Ophthalmic goods
Medical instruments and supplies
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watch cases

40.0
40.6
39.6
40. 0
39.0
39. 4
38.9
39.5
41. 4
39.6

40.4
40. 3
40.5
40.0
41.2
40.2
39.6
39.3
41. 8
39.6

39.5
39.7
39.5
39. 8
39. 1
38.8
37.9
38.8
41.2
37.9

40. 5
40. 8
40.9
40. 9
40.9
30. 1
38.7
39. 8
41.2
40. 3

MISC. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Toys and sporting goods
Games, toys, dolls and play vehicles . . . .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Other manufacturing industries
Musical instruments and parts

38.5
38.5
38.4
37.5
39.3
40.2
37.6
38.5
38.5

3 8. 8
39.3
38.6
37.6
39.5
40.4
37.7
38. 8
39.2

37.6
36. 8
36. 8
36.3

38.9
(*)

37, 3
39. 8
36.6
38.2
37.9

39.3
38.7
39.0
38.5
39.4
40.2
39.9
39.3
40.2

39. 8
39.3
41.2
40.4

39.7
39.5
41.7
39.7
36.2

39.2
39.4
42.4
39.3
35.5

39.5
38.8
41.4
39*9
34.9

39.7
38.5

42. 8
40. 7
42.6
38. 8
41.0
41.0
40. 8
41. 3
40. 1
40. 3
39.6
37.4

40. 1

41. 0
41.2
40.4
41. 3
37. 7
37. 3

40.9
41.7
41. 6
41. 7
40. 2
42.0
40. 3
41. 7
41. 6
41. 7
42. 1
39.0

39. 1
38.4
37. 0

(*)
39. 3
3 8. 1
38.1

(*)

40.0
40. 6
(*)
39.2
(*)

(*)

1. 8
2. 1
2. 1
2.5

NONDURABLE GOODS
20
201
2011
2013
2015

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants

I

36. 0

See footnotes at end of table.




95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry-^Continued
Average weekly earnings

sic

Industry

Code

1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977?

Average hourly earnings

Mar.
1977P

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

$4. 77
4. 84
4. 91
4. 12
3.74
4. 38
3.82

$4.79
4. 80
4. 94
4. 17
3.83

5. 08
5.22
4.38
4.98
4. 95
5.07
5.27
4.28

4. 13
5. 61
7. 38
4. 25
4. 74

5. 13
5. 27
4.40
5.01
4.99
5. 08
5.47
4. 37
4. 24
5.49
7. 37
4. 31
4. 70

$5. 13
5. 18
5.25
4. 49
4. 01
4. 77
4. 18
5.45
5. 63

5. 01
5. 77
3. 10
3. 57
3. 63
3. 68
3. 65
3. 39
3. 43
3. 13
3. 16
3. 54
3. 15
3.89
3. 65
3. 33
3. 86

1977P

Mar.
1977 P

NONDURABLE GOODS-Continued

2031,6
2032,3
2037
204
2041
2042
205
2051
2052
206
207
2071
208
2082
2086
209

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTSContinued
Dairy products
Ice cream and frozen desserts
Fluid milk
Canned, cured, and frozen foods
Canned, cured, and frozen sea foods . . . .
Canned food, except sea foods
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products . . . . .
Prepared feeds for animals and fowls . . . .
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products . . . . . .
Cookies and crackers
Sugar
Confectionery and related products
Confectionery products
Beverages
Walt liquors
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Miscellaneous foods and kindred products . .

21
211
212

TOBACCO MANUFACTURES .
Cigarettes
Cigars

186. 90
225.40
119.32

191.88
223.88
119-04

184.21
224.18
124.44

191. 57
220. 19
127. 19

189. 16

4.88
5. 75
3. 14

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
226

144.54
152 40
152.03
152. 52
137.83
132. 06
116.34
120. 14
132.33
119. 51
159. 3
149.9
135. 53|
161.3

144. 94
152.46
151.98
151.84
139- 67
132.40
114.87
120.71
133.46
118. 13
161.44
149. 2S
133.87
163.28

150. 52
161.17
161.20
155.23
139.73
134.67
125.74
119-97
131.72
123. 01
159.08
162.41
142.13
166.46

153.98
159.59
162.41
15 9.53
142. 99
140.43
127.30
128.44
139.11
128.98
169. 32
164.41
145.44
175. 14

155. 16
159.98
160. 80
160. 77
144.91
141. 96

3 56
3. 62

228
229

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool .
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Textile finishing, except wool . . .
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

149. 19
174.72

3. 69
3. 64
3. 37
3.43
3. 17
3. 17
3. 51
3. 17
3.85
3. 64
3. 33
3.85

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
235
236
2361
237,8
239
2391,2

APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear . . . .
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats . . . .
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee . . . .
Women's and children's undergarments . . . .
Women's and children's underwear
Corsets and allied garments
Hats, caps, and millinery
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products . . .
Housefurnishings

119.88
146.57
113. 16
111. 53
115.7?
109. 52
115. 94
113. 1
113.8?
127.0<
114.6C
109. 6C
107.04
118.26
114.91
114.3<
111.6?
121.68
140.9
115.88

121.

119.60
149.26
107.23
105.24
106.60
107.46
116. 84
114.75
114.27
131.61
114.92
111. 51
107.12
127.37
106.73
108.23
105.95
125.28
146. 16
117. 51

124.25
157.52
113.99
111.27
114.10
115. 39
121. 94
120. 02
120. 25
134.48
119. 34
117. 75
113. 76
130.64
112.58
116.68
114.43
130. 66
143. 11
119.88

127.80
157.62
114.37

3. 33
4. 06
3. 05

26
261,2,6
263
264
2643
265
2651,2
2653
2654

PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paperboard mills
Miscellaneous converted paper products .
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding and setup paperboard boxes .
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

221. 5? 221. 5!
259- 16
259. 0
260.83
263. 5
195. 5C 196. 1
184. 3i
181. 3
195. 16 196.46
186.7
183. 6(
206.41
206. 0
183.481 186. 06

237.84
283. 52
289.72
204.00
196.43
206. 1193.6
220. 0
195. 11

239.70
283. 72
287.98
207. 57
197.96
210.23
199.75

241. 11
283. 91
290.83
208.79

202
2024
2026
203

in

See footnotes at end of table.

96




$195.
187.
205.
158.
127.
173.
151.
216.
232.
186.
194.
191.
203.
211.
168.
160.
221.
311.
162.
200.

$197. 35 $209-82
191- 04 199.43
207. 97 223. 65
157.63 160. 74
140.56 125. 51
169.48 172.67
148.22 155.08
215.97 234.35
231.88 243.78
183.48 2 03. 08
194.89 203.99
192.61 201.78
201.68 210.37
220. 99 217.74
173.93 17 6.40
167.06 163.37
216.31 238.46
312.49 330.84
166.37 175. 77
196.93 212.07

148. 92

113.22
112. 04
115.44
110.26
118.68
113.14
119-64
128. 02
115. 34
113.8:
109-9<

128.48
114.44
113.52
110.8(
123.03
143.26
114.6

$212.
198.
224.
168.
136.
182.
160.
238266.
202.
206.
204.
216.
222.
178.
165.
240.
331.
179.
215.

221. 12
195. 11

$215.22

239.80
206.80

(*)
244. 16
212.48

169-29

2. 99

3. 12
2. 96

123.74

120.48

3. 40
3.27
3. 45
3.76
3.21
3. 07
2. 99

116. 64

(I

213? 00

3. 35
3.04
3. 10
3. 11
3. 38
3.72
3. 09
5.25
5.86
6. 03
4.78
4. 50
4.76
4. 59
4. 99
4. 40

4. 46
3.86

3. 37
4. 08
3. 06
3. 02
3. 12
2. 98
3.46
3.27

3. 55
3.81
3.24
3. 11
3. 03
3. 39
3. 06
3. 11
3. 13
3. 38
3.78
3. 09
5.25
5.89
6. 01
4. 76
4. 54
4.78

4. 61
5. 01
4. 43

4. 69

5. 34
5. 31
5. 45
5.43
4. 63
4. 38
6. 13
8. 03
4. 65
5. 11
5. 16
6.21
3. 40
3.83
3.96
3. 99
3.91
3. 62
3. 63

3.38
3. 37
3. 70
3. 37
4. 10
4. 02
3.58
4. 09
3. 57
4. 39
3.22
3. 17
3.25
3. 17
3. 64
3. 52
3.71
10
39
3. 27

3. 16
3.66
3. 13
3.25
3.25
3. 60
4. 06
3. 31
5.69
6. 40
6. 54
5. 10
4.85
5. 13
4.89
5.38
4.89

$5. 11
5. 18
5.21
4. 53
4. 12
4.82
4. 17

$5. 10

5. 49
5.86
4. 70
34
30
5. 47
5. 59
4.62
4. 39
6. 10
7. 99
4. 65
5. 13

5. 50
5. 33

(*f
6. 15
5. 12

5.22
6.22
3. 41

5. 24

3.84
3. 96
4. 01
3. 91
3. 62
3. 61
3. 35
3.38
3.69
3. 35

3.85
3.96
3. 99
3. 95
3.65
3.64

4. 15
4. 01
3. 60
4. 19

4. 18

3. 54
4. 40
3.22
17
26
17
64
53
3. 70
4. 10
3. 40
3.28
3. 16
3. 68
3. 11
3.25
3.26
3. 57
3.91
3.33
5.68
6.39
6. 59

5. 10
4. 84
5. 14
4. 92
5. 38
4.89

3. 63
4. 18
3. 60
4. 44
3.24

3. 65

3. 31

3. 24

(*)

5.70
6. 38
6. 64
5. 13
5.17

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours

sic
Code

Industry

F e b . -P
1977

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

3.5

3. 8

3.9

3.9

3

2. 7

2.2

2". 8

43~6

5. 5

5.0

5~. 9

6. 3

38". 8

3. 2

3.0

3. 1

3. 2

("*)

4.52.5

3. 7
2.8

2. 5
2.4

2. 7
2.5

39~. 7

3. 1

3. 1

3.3

3. 3

41~ 5

5.4

4. 8

4. 6

4. 8

36.1

1.5
1.7
1.0

1.0

1. 8
2.4
.7

1.4
1.5

1.4

3.7
4.5
4.2
4.0
3. 1
2.7

3.8
4.9
4. 3
3.8
3.4
2.7

3. 1
3. 7
3. 1
2.8
2.8
2. 4

38 3
3.5
3.2
3.0
2.9
2. 7

4.2
3.4
3.9
3.9

4.5
3.5
3.5
4. 1

2.9
4.5
3.2
3. 7

3. 8
3.9
3.4
4.2

1. 4
1.2
1.2
1.4
i.2
1.0
1. 3

1.0
.9

1. 1

33.9

1. 3
1. 1
1.3
1. 3
1.3
1.0
1.2

.9
1.0

1. 3
1. 1

1. 1
1. 1
1.7
1.4

.9
.9

36,4

1. 1
1.1
1.5
1.0

1. 3
.7

.9
1.0
1. 3
.9

35.9
35.1
36.6
36.6
36.0

36.0

1. 3
1.7

1.0
1.7

1.5
.7

1.6
1.3

1.3
1.9

.7

1.8

1. 1
1.3

42.2
44.4
43.7
40.7
40.9
40.9
40.6

42.3
44.5
43.8
40.7

4.5
6.0
6.7
3.2

4. 7
6.1
6.5
3.5

4. 4
6.0
6.8
3.1

4.2
5.8
6.7
3. 1

41.2

3.5

3.7

3. 1

2.9

3.7

3.8

3,6

3.2

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb. P
1977

Mar.T
1977*

40.9

41.2

40. 9

39. 8
42. 1
37. 8

38.5
42.6
35.8
31.3
36.2
37.1
43.0
43.3
43.3
38.2
38,0
38.6

41.5
38.4
43.0
37.3
33.2
37,9
38.4
43.5
45.5

42.2

38. 8

Mar._P
1977

NONDURABLE GOOOS-Continued

209

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTSContinued
Dairy products
Ice cream and frozen desserts
Fluid milk
Canned, cured, and frozen foods
Canned, cured, and frozen sea foods . .
Canned food, except sea foods
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products . . .
Prepared feeds for animals and fowls . .
Bakery products
*.
Bread, cake, and related products . . . .
Cookies and crackers
Sugar
Confectionery and related products
Confectionery products
Beverages
Malt liquors
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Miscellaneous foods and kindred products

21
211
212

TOBACCO MANUFACTURES.
Cigarettes
Cigars
,

38.3
39.2
38.0

38.3
38.8
38.4

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
226
227
228

TEXTILE MILL PR ^OUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool .
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Textile finishing, except wool . . .
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

40. 6

40. 6

42. 1
41.2

42.0

41.9
40.9
38.5
36.7
37.9

41.6
41.2
38.6

APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear .
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing . . . . . . .
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats . . .
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee . . .
Women's and children's undergarments . . .
Women's and children's underwear . . . .
Corsets and allied garments
Hats, caps, and millinery
Chilqren's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel . . . . .
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products . .
Housefurnishings

36.0
36.1
37. 1
37. 3
37. 1
37.0
34. 1

36.2
36.5
37.0

34.6
33.0
33.8

202
2024
2026
203
2031,6
2032,3
2037
204
2041
2042
205
2051
2052
206
207
2071
208
2082
2086

229
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
233S
234
2341
2342
235
236
2361
237,8

239
2391,2
26
261,2,6
263
264
2643

265
2651,2
2653
2654

PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS .
Paper and pulp mills
Paperboard mills
Miscellaneous converted paper products .
Bacs, except text'le bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding and setup paperboard boxes .
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containsrs

41.9
38.5
34.2
39.6
39.7
42,7
44.5
42.6
39.0
38.7

36.7
38.0
38.4
42.1
44.0

41. 7

39.4
42.2
38.2

38.9
38.6
39.7
40.4
39.8
39.4
39.4
42.4
38.6

42. 3

41. 9

41. 5

36. 1
36. 6

40. 1
40. 1
39.3

38. 8

37.
37.

41.
41.
40.
41.

35. 7
35.7
35.8

35. 3
37. 8
36.9
35.9
36.0
37.9
37.5
42.2
44.2
43.7
40.9

40. 3
41.0
40.0
41.3
41. 7

41. 3

40. 1
38. 1
37. 3
38. 9
41.2
37.8

35.7

43. 1
38.7
38.5
39.5
39.8
38.7
37.8
39.4
41.5
38.5
42.0
36.7
35.4

37. 3

40. 1

40. 3

40. 3

40.4
40.3
40.7
39.7
39.0

39.3
40.7
40.4
39.7
38.6

40.5
40.8
39.5

37. 1

38. 9

37.2
35.6
35.6
36.5
38.8
40.4
39.7

38.0
38.0
37.7
38.5
40.8
41.0
40.4

40. 7

41. 8

37. 1

33.5
34.0
33.3
33.2

37.0
37.0

33.9

34. 3

32. 1

34.6
33.7
33.6
35.6
36.6

32.6

30. 8
32. 1

35. 1
35. 8
35.4
35. 1
35.0
36.4
33.5
34.0
32.5
32.8

33.9

35. 1

34. 1

36. 3

33.9
34.8

35.9
36.0
35.5

36. 7
38.2
37.7
37.5
41.5

40. 9
40.2
42.3

37.9
37.4
36.5
35.4
36.4
37.9
37.1

42.2
44.0
43.4
41.2
40.6
41.1
40.5
31.2
42.0

32. 8

34. 1
33. 3
32.6
34.8

36. 0
35.5
41.8
44.3
44.3
40.0
40,5
40.3
39.6
40,9
39.9

40.5

41. 1
41. 8
35.5
35.5
35.3

36. 2

41. 1

(*)

.9

39.9

See footnotes at end of table.




97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2.

Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1

on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued

sic
Code

Industry

Feb.
1976

Average weekly earnings
Mar.
Jan.
Feb
1977
1977P
1976

Mar._
1977^

Feb.
1976

Average hourly earnings
Mar.
Jan.
TeSZ
1976
1977
1977P

Mar.
1977*

NONDURABLE GOODS-Continued
27
271
272
273
275
2751
2752
278
274,6,7,9

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
BOOKS

Commercial printing
Commercial printing, except
lithographic
Commercial printing, lithographic
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Other publishing and printing ind

$207.02 $2 08.
213. 07
210.
217.74
213.
182.88
184.
211.46
217.

$219. 04 $221.78 $224.85
218.04
215.74
(*)
231. 10 228.16
199-40
199- 58
226. 14 231.84
234.00

203. 14
224.62
163.83
213.12

209228.
166.
213.

216.98
241. 15
179- 33
226.56

221. 18
249- 01
183.21
229-88

$5. 58
6. 23
70
80
5. 55

$5. 60
6.19
5.65
4. 79
5.61

$5.92
6.44
6. 13
5.28
5.92

$5.93
6.47
6. 02
22
96

36

5. 71
6. 28
4.67
5. 90

5.76
6.32
4.65
5. 94

$5. 98
(*)

6. 00

185. 60
231.77

30
5. 55

5. 44
5.93
4.31
5. 58

5.69
6.29
6.19
6.79
6. 04
5. 58
5.75
5.29
5.38
5.25
5.49
6.82
4.58
5.29
5. 05
4. 68
5. 37
5.32

5. 70
6.31
6. 18
6. 83
6. 04
5.61
5.81
5.28
5.38
5.25
5.49
6. 83
4. 64
5.29
4. 96
4. 61
5. 37
5. 34

6. 18
6.83
6. 90
7.27
6.68
6. 05
6.22
5.71
5.80
5.68
5.95
7.47
4.86
5.70
5.63
5. 32
5.73
5.62

6. 18
6.85
6.93
7.29
6.70
6. 04
6.21
5. 68
5.83
5.71
5.98
7. 51
4. 94
5.66
5. 55
5. 15
5. 73
5. 62

6. 18
6. 90

7. 55
8. 18
5.63

4. 64
6.02

28
281
2812
2818
2819
282
2821
2823,4
283
2834
284
2841
2844
285
287
2871,2
286,9
2892

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS . . .
Industrial chemicals
Alkalies and chlorine
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee.
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Synthetic fibers
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Tiolet preparations
Paints and allied products
Agricultural chemicals
Fertilizers, complete and mixing only
Other chemical products
Explosives

236.14
261.66
264.31
287.90
244. 02
233.80
250.70
215.83
217.89
211.58
224.54
288.49
183.20
214.77
220. 18
2 04. 98
222.32
216.52

236.55
263.76
260. 18
290.28
245.22
233.38
252.74
212.78
219.50
214.20
223.99
284.13
185. 60
217.42
217.25
205. 15
320.71
215.20

255.85
288.23
287.04
310.43
280. 56
249-87
269-95
227.83
235.48
228.90
238.00
312.25
186. 14
227.43
241. 53
230.89
241.81
232.67

258.32
289. 07
288-98
309.83
281.40
251.26
272.00
226.63
240. 78
234. 11
245. 18
325. 18
195. 13

258.32
289-80

228.10
243. 65
228.15
244.67
234.35

235. 09
251_. 07

29
291
295,9

PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS ....
Petroleum refining
Other petroleum and coal products

292.45
315. 53
217.09

295.94
319- 14
224.80

307.84
335. 96
223. 91

312.33
338.60
232.83

318. 61
344. 38
239.28

7. 03
7. 64
5. 12

7. 08
7.69
5.24

7.40
7. 98
5. 57

7.49
8. 12
5. 57

30
301
302,3,6
302
307

RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC
Tires and inner tubes
Other rubber products
Rubber footwear
Miscellaneous plastics products

183.51
255.74
181.30
129.85
162.00

185.64
261.76
183. 11
130.20
163.21

206. 35
339.86
197. 11
127. 80
169.26

208.24
334. 65
198.28
130. 30
173.63

206. 91

4. 52
5.92
4. 51
3. 50
4. 05

4. 55
5.99
4. 51
3. 50
4. 07

5. 07
7. 17
4.94
3. 55
4. 34

5. 03
7. 09
4.92
3. 56
4. 33

31
311
314
312,3,5-7,9
316
317

LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS . . .
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Other leather products
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

129.50
183. 64
123.77
125. 03
122. 14
122.42

129.88
186.59
124.15
125.29
127.35
121. 98

123.88
174.28
116.96
124.24
125. 12
117.65

131. 04
181. 82
123. 15
132. 85
132.11
127.41

130.68
182.67
(*)
(*)

3.39
4. 49
3. 24
3. 37
3. 47
3.23

3. 40
4. 54
3.25
3. 35
3. 47
3.21

3. 57
4. 66
3.41
3. 56
3. 68
3.42

3.60
4. 65
3.44
3. 61
3. 68
3. 51

3. 60
4. 66
(*)
(*)

248.46

248.46

264.65

269.60

266.39

6.29

6.29

6. 70

6.74

6.71

RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION:
Class I railroads^

292.90

291.04

310.03

(*)

6.78

6.66

7.21

411
413

LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT:
Local and suburban transportation . .
Intercity highway transportation

202.93
252. 07

204.23
244.30

218.96
283. 50

226.29
262.50

5. 19
6.48

5.21
6.48

5.60
7. 56

5.70
7. 00

42
421,3
422

TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

249.82
256.48
177.36

249. 77
255. 60
178.09

255. 06
261. 58
184.99

267. 19
274.59
189.83

6.23
6. 38
4. 49

6.26
6.39
4. 59

6. 54
6.69
4.83

6.63
6.78
4.88

PIPE LINE TRANSPORTATION

305,62

302.41

352.03

343. 58

7. 40

7. 34

8. 13

8. 20

COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication . ,
Switchboard operating employees3
Line construction employees4
Telegraph communication 5
Radio and television broadcasting

235.01
237.36
174.44
301. 02
260. 18
224.97

236.16
238.51
170.50
300.30
257. 92
225.79

261.22
265. 16
193. 14
336.77

264.27
268.53
204.73
340.26

6.64
6.73
5. 90
7.84

(*)
242.58

6. 15
6.26
5.23
7. 15
6.20
5.76

6. 63
6.73
5. 80
7.85

(*)
245.86

6. 12
6.23
5. 27
7. 15
6. 18
5. 71

(*)
6.24

(*)
6.22

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

48
481
4817
4818
482
483

See footnotes at end of table.

98




(*)

(*)
(*)

246. 10

(*)
198.28
174.87

(*)_

(*)_
(*)

5. 72
5. 47
5.75

5. 01
(*)
4.92
4. 35

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C 2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Average weekly hours

sic

Industry

Code

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Average overtime hours

1977

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

F e b . -P
1977

2. 3
1.4
2. 1
2.6
2.9

2.4
1.3
2.0
2.8
2.8

2.5
1.5
2. 3
2.8

39.0

2. 2
1.3
2. 7
2.5
2.6

40.0
38.5

2.5
2.8
1.8
2. 1

2.8
3.0
2. 0
2.2

2.6
3.0
2.5
2.8

2. 7
3.2
2. 7
2.6

41. 8
42.0

3. 1
3.2

3.2
3. 3

3. 3
3.6

3. 3
3.4

(*)

3.5
2.8
3.0
4.7
1.9
2.5

3. 7

(*)

3.5
2.6
3. 1
4.7
2.0
2.4

3. 1
3.5
3.0
4.2
2.0
3.2

(*)

2.9

2.9

2.6

2.8

41.1
45.9

2.7
5. 3

3.2
6.0

2.5
5.5

2. 3
5. 7

J

1977

Feb.

1976

1977 1

NONDURABLE GOODS-Continued
PRINTING AND PUBLISHING

27
271

Newspapers

272

Periodicals

273

Books

275

Commercial printing

,

2751

Commercial printing, except

2752

Commercial printing, lithographic

lithographic
278

Blankbooks and bookbinding

274,6,7,9

Other publishing and printing ind

28

CHEMICALS A N D A L L I E D PRODUCTS

281

...

Industrial chemicals

2812

Alkalies and chlorine

2818

Industrial organic chemicals, nee

2819

Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics

282
2821

Plastics materials and resins

2823,4

Synthetic fibers
Drugs

283

Pharmaceutical preparations

2834

Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods

284

Soap and other detergents

2841

Tiolet preparations

2844
285

Paints and allied products

287

Agricultural chemicals
Fertilizers, complete and mixing only

2871,2

....

Other chemical products

286,9

2892

Explosives

29
291
295,9

PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS

30

RUBBER AMD PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC

Petroleum refining
Other petroleum and coal products

301

Tires and inner tubes

302,3,6

Other rubber products

302

Rubber footwear

307

Miscellaneous plastics products

37. 3
34.0
37.7
38.6
38.7

37.0
33.5
37.7
37. 8
38.2

37.4
33. 7
37.9
38.2
38.9

37.9
38.2
38. 1
38.4

38.5
38.6
38.7
38.2

38.0
38.4
38.4
38.4

38.4
39. 4
39. 4
38.7

41. 5
41.6
42. 7
42. 4
40.4

41.4
42.2
41.6
42.7
42.0

41. 8
42. 2
41.7
42.5
42.0
41. 6
43,8
39.9
41. 3
41.0
41.0

41. 4
40. 7

41.5
41.8
42. 1
42.5
40. 6
41.6
43.5
40. 3
40. 8
40. 8
40. 8
41.6
40.0
41. 1
43. 8
44.5
41. 1
40. 3

43. 4
42. 2
41.4

44. 3
42.7
41.7

42.8

3. 1

2.9

3.6

3. 7

41.6
41.3
42.4

41. 8
41.5
42.9

41.6
42. 1
40. 2

41.7
41. 7
41. 8

42.2
42. 1
42.5

3. 1
2. 4
5.2

3.5
2.9
5. 3

3.2
3.1
3.7

3.0
2.7
3.9

40. 6
43.2
40.2
37. 1
40.0

40.8
43. 7
40. 6
37.2
40. 1

40. 7
47.4
39.9
36.0
39.0

41.4
47.2
40. 3
36.6
40. 1

41. 3
(*)
40. 3

3. 3
4.8
3.0

40.2

.7
3.0

3.6
5.4
3.2
1.0
3.2

4.0
8.2
3.4
1.5
2.9

3.9
7.8
3, 1
1. 3
3. 1

38.2
40.9
38.2
37. 1

34. 7
37.4
34. 3
34.9
34.0
34.4

36.4
39.1
35.8
36.8
35.9
36.3

36.3
39.2
(*)
(*)

2. 1
4. 1
2.0
1.6
1. 1
2. 1

2. 3
4. 1
2.2
2.0
1.9
2.4

1.4
2. 7
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.2

1.6
2.8
1.3
1.8
1.9
1. 1

39.7

41. 9
43.6
40. 8
40.5
40. 3
40.9
42. 3
40.0
40. 6
43.6
43.8

41. 3
43.4
39.9
40. 6
40o 3
40.0
41.8
38. 3
39.9
42. 9

43. 3
39.5
40.3
43.9

316

Luggage

317

Handbags and personal leather goods

35.2
37.9

38.2
41. 1
38.2
37.4
36.7
38.0

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

39.5

39.5

39.5

40. 0

43.2

43. 7

43.0

(*)

39. 1
38.9

39.2
37. 7

39. 1
37.5

39.7
37.5

40. 1
40.2
39.5

39.9
40.0

38. 8

39.0
39. 1
38. 3

40.3
40 o 5
38.9

LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS . . .

31

Leather tanning and finishing

311
314

Footwear, except rubber

312,3,5-7,9

Other leather products

37.6
(*)

37. 1
34.2
38. Z
38. 1
3 8. 1

4. 3

2.9

RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION:
Class I railroads2

|

411
413
42
421,3
422

LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT:

;

Local and suburban transportation

!

Intercity highway transportation

I TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
I

Public warehousing

46

PIPE LINE TRANSPORTATION .

41. 3

41. 2

43. 3

41. 9

48
481
4817
4318
482
483

COMMUNICATION

38.4
38. 1
33. 1
42. 1
42. 1
39.4i

38.4
38. 1
32.6
42.0
41.6
39.2

39.4
39.4
33. 3
42.9
(*)
39. 4

39. 8
39.9
34. 7
43.4
(*)
39.0

Telephone communication
Switchboard operating employees^ . . .
Line construction employees4
Telegraph communication 5
Radio and television broadcasting

See footnotes at end of table.




99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Average hourly earnings

Average weakly earnings

sic

Industry

Feb.
1976

Code

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977P

Mar.
1977P

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977 P

$6.35
6. 38
5.86
7. 06
5. 19

$6.42
6. 49
5.86
7. 14
5. 16

$6.87
6.93
6.47
7. 56
5. 61

$6.96
7. 03
6.55
7. 68
5.63

Mar.
1977 P

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES-Continued
ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY
SERVICES

491
492
493
494-7

Electric companies and systems
Gas companies and systems
Combination companies and systems
Water, steam, and sanitary systems

|$26l. 62 $265. 15 $287.17 $289.54
263.49
268.69 291.75 293. 15
239.67
236.74 268.51 273.79
2 9 2 . 99
299-17 314.50 316.42
212.27
210. 01 235.62 235. 33

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
50
501
502
503
504
506
507

WHOLESALE TRADE

52-59
53

RETAIL TRADE
Retail general merchandise
Department stores
Mail order houses
Variety stores
Food stores
Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings • •
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings
Eating and drinking places6
Other retail trade
Building materials and farm equipment . . .
Mptor vehicle dealers
Other automotive and accessory dealers • •
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Book and stationery stores
Fuel and ice dealers

129.48

136.78

138. 18 $138.60

3. 90

3. 90

4. 17

4.20

195.32
177. 06
199.21
170.46
191.23
215.07
185.96
213.70
191.52

208.29
183.26
225.61
182.47
203.42
224.76
196.86
230.87
203.63

208.98
183.83
227.33
176.93
206.12
222.95
194.93
230.04
206.66

209.37

5. 07
4. 53
5. 36
4.63
4. 92
5.37
4. 84
5.43
5. 11

5.06
4. 53
5.27
4.67
4.97
5. 35
4.83
5.41
5. 08

5.41
4.76
5. 86
4.84
5.27
5.69
5. 10
5.83
5.43

5.40
4.75
5.92
4. 97
5.34
5.63
5.05
5.78
5.41

5.41

110.35
101.81
103. 01
136. 12
80. 03
135.24
139-00
92.02
114.66
82.65
87.61
92.70
147.24
150. 18
70.59
139.39
151.71
184.39
154.05
103. 15
118. 19
190.24

109.97
103.46
105. 10
139- 36
82.29
135. 36
139. 10
91.73
113.40
82. 94
87.62
90.76
147.08
148.93
70. 10
138.60
152.88
185.57
154.05
102.11
119-19
178.70

116. 00 117.31 118.06
103. 53 *108.70
105.45 :*L12.03
132.19 139-60
82. 08
84.68
146.38 146.24
150.66 150.84
97. 53
97.78
126. 94 123.00
83.98
83.88
100.60 100.20
98.04
96. 56
151.37 150.30
154.22 153.58
77. 51
76.95
144.32 146. 16
159.68 163.80
189-91 192.86
167.96 169.22
105.35 105.65
123.18 122.74
219. 74 205.43

3.47
3.35
3.47
4. 10
2.75
4.20
4.29
3. 13
3. 64
2.89
2. 97
3.22
4. 09
4. 16
2. 53
3.83
3.91
4. 67
3.94
3. 35
3. 55
4.63

3.48
3.36
3.48
4. 16
2.78
4.23
4. 32
3. 11
3. 59
2.88
2.97
3.23
4. 11
4. 16
2. 54
3.84
3.91
4. 71
3.93
3., 37
3..59
4.49

3. 76
3. 73
3. 57 **3. 71
3.70 **3. 89
4. 32
4, 46
2.89
2 90
4.56
4 57
4.65
4 67
3. 36
3 34
3.93
3 88
3. 05
3 01
3, 34
32
3, 44
3.40
4, 21
4.24
4. 29
4.32
2 86
2.85
4, 06
4. 02
4,20
4. 18
4,92
4.82
4,22
4. 22
3 51
3. 50
3 80
3.79
4.95
5. 04

3.76

158.91

156.88

166.34

165.88

4. 33

4.31

4. 52

4. 52

4. 52..

135
143
140
278
168
166
161
172

132.13
141.72
138.70
289. 11
166.73
165. 10
158.46
170.46

139.45
151.90
147.77
294.88
176.63
172.24
174.92
179- 52

139.43
149.95
143. 15
(*)
176.43
172.79
173.70
178.56

3.81
7. 30
4. 50
4. 46
4.22
4. 59

3. 65
3.82
3.80
7.49
4. 47
4. 45
4. 17
4. 57

3.81
4. 04
3.93
7.76
4. 71
4. 63
4.52
4.80

3.82
4. 02
3.89
(*)
4.73
4. 67
4. 50

130.26

195.58
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment • • 177.06
Drugs, chemicals, and allied products
201.38
Dry goods and apparel
169.92
Groceries and related products
189.31
Electrical goods
212.65
Hardware; plumbing and heating equipment • 185.86
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
214.34
Miscellaneous wholesalers
193.67

531
532
533
54
541-3
56
561

562
565
566
57
571
58
52,55,59
52
551,2

553,9
591
594
598

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE?
61
612
62
63
631

632
633

Banking
Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Security, commodity brokers and services
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Accident and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

100




165.88

4.80

$4.20

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours

sic

Industry

Code

Feb.
1976

"Mir.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.

Mar.
1977 P

1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977P

"MaT
1977

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES-Continued
49

ELECTRIC, GAS. AND SANITARY
SERVICES

491
492
493
494-7

Electric companies and systems
Gas companies and systems
Combination companies and systems . t . .
Water, steam, and sanitary systems

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . .
WHOLESALE TRADE

50
501

Motor vehicles and automotive equipment . .

502

Drugs, chemicals, and allied products
Dry goods and apparel

503
504

Groceries and related products
Electrical goods
Hardware; plumbing and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous wholesalers

506
507
508

509

52-59

RETAIL TRADE
Retail general merchandise

53
531

Department stores

532

Mail order houses

533
54

Variety stores
Food stores

541-3

Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores . . . .
Apparel and accessory stores

56

561
562
565
566
57

Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores . . .

571

Furniture and home furnishings

58

Eating and drinking places6

52,55,59
52

Other retail trade
Building materials and farm equipment. .

551,2

Motor vehicle dealers

553,9

Other automotive and accessory dealers .

591

Drug stores and proprietary stores

594

Book and stationery stores
Fuel and ice dealers

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE7
60

Banking

61

Credit agencies other than banks

612

Savings and loan associations

62

Security, commodity brokers and services . .

63

Insurance carriers

631

Life insurance

632

Accident and health insurance

633

Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

40. 9
41. 5
40. 9

41. 3
41. 4
40.4
41.9
40. 7

41.8
42. 1
41. 5
41.6
42, 0

41.6
41.7
41.8
41.2
41.8

33.4

33.2

32.8

32. 9

33. 0

38. 5
39.0
37. 5
36.7
38.4
39.6
38.4
39.4
37. 9

38. 6
39. 0
37.8
36. 5
38.4
40. 2
38.5
39. 5
37. 7

38.5
38- 5
38. 5
37. 7
38. 6

38.7
38.7
38.4
35.6
38. 6
39.6
38.6
39-8
38.2

38.7

31.8
30.3
29.6
33.2
29- 1
32.2
32.4
29-4
31. 5
28. 5
29-4
28. 7
36. 0
36. 1
27. 9
36. 3
38.8
39.4
39. 1
30.7
33.2
41. 0

31.6
30.7
30.2
33. 5
29. 6
32. 0
32.2
29.4
31. 5
28.8
29.5
28. 1
35.7
35.8
27.6
36. 0
39- 0
39.4
39- 1
30.3
33.2
39-8

31.2
29.3
28.8
31. 3
29.2
32.0
32. 3

31.4

29. 1
32. 3
27. 5
30.3
28.4
35.7
35.7
27. 0
35.9
38.2
39.4
39-8
30. 1
32. 5
43.6

40. 1
30. 1
32. 3
41. 5

36.7

36.4

36.8

36.7

36.8
37.2
36.8
38.2
37.5
37. 3
38.2
37.6

36.2
37. 1
36.5
38.6
37. 3
37. 1
38.0
37. 3

36.6
37.6
37.6
38.0
37. 5
37.2
38.7
37.4

36. 5
37. 3
36.8

41.2
41. 3

39- 5
38.6
39.6
37. 5

31. 1
2 9. 0
28. 5
30. 6
28.4

32. 1
32.4

29-2
31. 7

27.9
30. 0
28. 5
35.7
35.8
27. 1
36. 0
39. 0
39.2

36. 7

(*)
37. 3
37. 0
38.6
37.2

See footnotes at end of table.




101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C 2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry —Continued
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

sic

Industry

Code

r eb.
1976

722

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, tourist courts, and motels 6
Personal services:
Laundries and dry cleaning plants
Photographic studios

781

Motion pictures:
Motion picture filming and distributing

721

Hospitals

806

Jan.
1977

1977^

Mar.

$143.72 $142. 52 $153.18 $153. 97 $153.85

SERVICES
701

Mar.
1976

J_

...

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb. oP
1977

1.29

$4.28

$4.60

$4.61

95. 38

92.63

99-48

98.88

2.99

2.95

3.23

3.20

110. 03
111.88

110.40
111.88

116. 96
116.60

118.67
118.69

3. 18
3.37

3. 19
3.37

3.41
3.69

3.42
3.78

265. 02 260. 12 270. 18
138.72 139. 47 150. 28

271.75
151.87

6.55
4. 08

6.36
4. 09

6.91
4.42

6.95
4.48

Marr
1977*
$4.62

1

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.

persons; and laborers. In 1975, such employees made up 47 percent of the total number of

2

Beginning January 1976,

nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data.

data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of

$10,000,000 or more.
3

Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard
operators; service assistants; operating room instructors; and pay-station attendants. In 1975,
such employees made up 30 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in
establishments reporting hours and earnings data.
4

Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central office

craft persons; installation and exchange repair craft persons; line, cable and conduit craft

102




^ Data relate to nonsupervisory employees except messengers.
6

Money payments only; tips, not included.

7

Data for nonoffice sales agents excluded from all series in this division.

* * Not strictly comparable with previously published data due to change in pay practices of a
large employer.
p=preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry—Continued
Average weekly hours

SIC

Industry

Code

SERVICES

* eb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Average overtime hours

Feb. DP
1977

Mar,
I917p
33. 3

33.5

33. 3

33. 3

33.4

31.9

31.4

30. 8

30. 9

34.6
33.2

34. 5
33.2

34. 3
31.6

34. 7
31.4

40. 4
34. 0

40. 9
34. 1

39. 1
34. 0

39. 1
33. 9

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb. P
1977

1977P

Hotels and other lodging places:
701

Hotels, tourist courts, and motels**
Personal services:

721
722

Laundries and dry cleaning plants
Photographic studios
Motion pictures:

781
806

Motion picture filming and distributing . . .
Hospitals




-

-

-

103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-3. Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government
[Employment in thousands—includes both supervisory and nonsupervisory employees]

1975
Dec.

Jan.

|

1976
Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | June | July

| Aug. | Sept. | Oct.

Nov. | De

Executive Branch

2,722.6 ,, 675.62, 677.62,675.42 ,681.2 2,686.0 2,707. 82, 724.1 2,704. 22 ,668. 0 2 ,661.1 2,670. 32:,674.4
40.2
39.3
39.3
39.1
39.2
39.6
39.2
39.4
39.3
39.6
40.4
39.3
39.9
1.8
1.0
.9
.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
.9
1.2
2.0
.9
1.4

Total employment. . .
Average weekly hours

....

Average overtime hours .
Indexes (1967=100):

201.3
197.3

Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings .

195.2
195.7

195.2
195.7

193.9
195.4

195.5
196.5

196.6
197.6

195.7
196.2

196.1
195.1

196.5
196.5

199.5 209.7
200. Ol 207.0

208.6
207.6

215.9
210.5

Department of Defense
Total employment . .
Average weekly hours

....

Average overtime hours .
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings .

Total employment . .
Average weekly hours

....

Average overtime hours .

945. 6! 941.1
39.9i
39.9
.6
.6
189.9 189.7
191.8 191.6

937.1
39.9
.6

934.1
39.6
.5

930.7
39.8
.5

190.2
192.1

189.0
192.4

191.1
193.5

724.0
43.1
4.6

677.0
39.5
1.2
218.4
213.4

672.3
39.4
1. 1
217.5
213.1

670.3
39.2
1.0
219.8
216.5

Indexes (1967=100):

246. 1
220.4

Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings .

677.9
39.9
1.6
221.5
214.3

930.2
39.8
.6

670.6
39.3
1.1

223.2
219.2

936.7
40.0
.7

938.5
40.1
.6

929.3
40.0
.7

917.2
39.9
.9

918.0
39.9

920.4
40.2

919.6
40.0
.7

191.2
192.6

188.2
189.1

191.5
192.9

195.1
197.0

201.5
203.5

204.4
204.9

203.7
205.2

672.8
39.0
.9
220.9
218.6

670.7
39.7
1.0
224.5
218.3

667.8
39.4

662.8
39.6
1.4
226.8
221.0

657.9
42.1
2.9
243.7
223.5

664.9
40.6
2.2
237.6
225.9

685.7
43.8
5.5
267.8
236.0

1.1

223.8
219.2

Other agencies

1,053.0 1,056.6 1,063.5 1,069.01,080.2 1,085.2 1,098.3 1,114.9 1,107.1 1,088.0 1,085.2 1,085.0 1,069.1
38.5
38.6
38.6
38.6
38.7
38.7
38.6
39.1
38.7
38.6
38.9
38.9
38.4
1.0
1.0
.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
.9
186.4
185.9 185.7 186.2 185.4 187.3 185.6 188.6 199.0 197.5 197.4
187.9
186.9 186.1 186.6 184.9 185.9 185.1 189.6 199.5 198.5 199.5

Total employment . .
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours .
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings .
NOTE:

Averages presented in this table have been computed using data collected by the

U.S. Civil Service Commission from all agencies of the executive branch of the Federal Government; the data cover both salaried workers and hourly paid wage board employees. Since these

averages relate to hours and earnings of all workers, both supervisory and nonsupervisory, they
are not comparable to similar data presented in table C-2 which relate only to production or
nonsupervisory workers.

C-4. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime'
Major industry group

MANUFACTURING . .
DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment and supplies . . . .
Transportation equipment.

. . . . . . . .

Instruments and related products . . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products

. . . . . . .

Tobacco manufactures
Textile mi!! products
Apparel and other textile products

. . .

Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nee

. . .

Leather and leather products

Feb.

Mar.

$4.86

$4.88

Jan.
19
$5.25

Feb._F
1977
$5.23

5.21
5.37
4.30
3.77
4.85
6.34
5. 12
5.44
4.66
6.11
4.64
3.85

5.24
5.39
4.31
3.80
4.89
6.39
5. 13
5.45
4.67
6.15
4.65
3.84

5.59
5.85
4.75
4.07
5.27
6.75
5.37
5.77
5.01
6.60
4.96
4.15

5.57
5.86
4.69
4.06
5.29
6.78
5.36
5.78
5.01
6.57
4.96
4.15

5.61

4.38
4.62
4.79
3.41
3.27
4.98
(2)
5.49
6.78
4.35
3.30

4.39
4.63
4.94
3.41
3.31
4.98
)
5.48
6.79
4.36
3.30

4.77
4.99
5.03
3.68
3.52
5.41
(2)
5.94
7.12
4.84
3.50

4.75
4.99
5.12
3.69
3.49

4.76

1

Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.

2

Not available as average overtime rates are significantly above time and one-half. Inclusion of
data for the group in the nondurable goods total has little effect.

104




1Q76

p - preliminary.

41

()
5.94
7.23
4.80
3.53

• 1977P

$5.27

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-5. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers '
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, in current and 1967 dollars
Spendable average weekly earnings
Gross average weekly earnings

Married worker .vith 3 dependendents

Worker with no dependents

Industry

Feb.
1976

Feb.
1977

Jan.
1977

P

Feb.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977

p

Feb.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977?

TOTAL PRIVATE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

$170. 64 $179.48 $182.73 $139.83 $146.20 $148.55 $152.17 $158.90 $161.34
90.64
91.07
83.88
83.40
83.68
102.12 102.38 103.18
91.10

. . . '.

MINING:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

268.58
160.73

286.62
163.50

293. 14
165.52

211.04
126.30

223.94
127.75

228.35
128. 94

226.60
135.61

240.35
137. 11

245.28
138.50

272.66
163.17

269.84
153.93

287.26
162.20

213.96
128.04

211.94
120. 90

224.39
126.70

229.75
137.49

227.57
129.82

240.83
135.99

201. 10
120.35

212.94
121.47

216. 11
122.03

161.80
96.83

170.54
97.28

172.92
97.64

175. 15
104.82

184.04
104.99

186.43
105.27

248.46
148.69

264.26
150. 75

269.60
152.23

196.66
117.69

207.96
118.63

211.77
119.58

211.06
126.31

223.26
127.36

227.39
128.40

130.26
77.95

136.78
78.03

138. 18
78.02

109.73
65.67

114.63
65.39

115.68
65.32

122.64
73.39

127.56
72.77

128.51
72. 56

158.91
95. 10

166.34
94.89

165.88
93.66

131.26
78.55

136.72
77.99

136.39
77. 01

143. 12
85.65

148.85
84.91

148. 50
83.85

143. 72
86.01

153. 18
87.38

153.97
86.94

119.85
71.72

126.95
72.42

127.55
72.02

132.29
79. 17

138.73
79. 14

139.29
78.65

167. 1

175.3

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION:
C u r r e n t dollars
1 9 6 7 dollars

.
.

.
.

.
. . .

MANUFACTURING:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

.

.

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

SERVICES:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index is an estimate of the average change in

CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (All items. 1967= 100)

1

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2 .




177. 1 prices of goods and services purchased by urban wage earners and clerical
workers.

p = preliminary (applicable to earnings data only).

105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group
[1967 = 100)

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977P

TOTAL

107.5

108. 1

108. 9

110. 3

GOODS-PRODUCING

91.8

92.8

90.9

93.7

96.5

121.4

121.2

127. 1

130.8

132.9

87.7

89-4

80.8

88.9

95.6

91.4

92.5

91.5

93.2

95.4

91.1
39.2
94. 0
96.9
90. 1
84.6
95.5
96.0
90.9
89.9
107.6
86. 1

92.6
38.6
98.0
99. 1
91.4
84.5
96.9
98. 1
94.3
88. 1
111.2
91.7

95.4
40. 5
98. 5
103.4
98.7
86.7
100. 5
98.8
94.9
94.9

94.2
89.6

95.3
89.9
69.4
98. 0
88.2
97.3
94. 1

Industry division and group

MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING

Mar.
1977P

111.9

DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products . . . .
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment and supplies . . . .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing

89.5
41. 1
91.8
100.4
91.7
83.8
93.9
93.5
88. 1
86.5
104. 0
89.5

90.8
41.2
91.7
101.3
93.1
85.2
95.4
93.8
89. 0
89. 1

NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nee . . .
Leather and leather products

94.2
89.8
83.3
98.2
90.9
93.5
91.4
97.8
107. 5
117.6
77.8

94.9
89. 1
77.1
98.3
92.7
94.4
92.5
98.9
109-3
120.2
78.5

92. 0
89-6
76.7
94. 3
80. 6
95.2
91.7
99.2
109. 0
126.4

66.7

129.9
70.3

102. 0
113.8
130.3
71. 1

118. 5

118.7

121.3

121.8

122.6

100. 1

100.4

100.8

101.8

101. 9

113.7

114. 0

116.2

115.8

116. 9
115.2
117.5

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE. AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES

1

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.

106




105. 5
92. 1

74. 1
96.8
86. 1
95.9
92.9

100.6
108.6

110.2
94. 1

111.4
114.5

111.5
114.8

113. 9
117. 1

114.6
116.2

124.0

124. 0

128. 7

128.8

129.6

131. 9

132.0

135.5

137.2

137.8

p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C 6 Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group-Continued
[1967 = 100]

Industry division and group

Feb.
1976

Mar.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977*

Mar.
1977P

Payrolls

TOTAL

190.4

192.0

206.0

2 09.6

213.4

GOODS-PRODUCING

164.5

167.6

175.3

180.3

187. 1

MINING

239.4

239. 1

269.7

277.7

281.2

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

159.3

163.9

156. 5

170.2

182.6

162.9

165.7

176.4

179- 1

184.6

DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products . . . .
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment and supplies . . .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing

160.8
71. 5
173. 9
167. 1
165.0
164.6
167.2
165.1
151.9
160.6
174. 0
150.3

164.2
71.9
174.5
170. 1
168.8
169.0
170.6
166.4
154. 0
167. 1
177. 1
155.3

176. 1
74.6
196.7
173.0
175.8
177.9
179. 0
180.9
169-2
181-7
192.8
155.5

178.4
73. 1
202.9
177.3
179.8
178.7
181.2
185.6
175. 5
176.2
199-2
166.0

185.4
77.4
204. 1
186.3
195.6
184.2
190. 1
187.2
177.0
193.3
196.8
170.8

NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products . . . .
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products . . .
Petroleum and coal products . . . .
Rubber and plastics products, nee .
Leather and leather products . . . .

166.5
164.5
179.3
170.2
149.3
170.9
155.6
179.4
211.3
193.8
127.8

168.3
163.6
170.4
170.6
153.9
172.6
157.8
181. 5
216.2
199.1
129-2

177.0
177. 1
174.4
175.6
141.7
188. 5
165.5
197.4
225.5
233.4
115. 1

180.3
177.3
170.5
180. 7
150.4
189.7
168. 1
200. 1
227.3
238.0
122.6

183.2
178. 1
160.2
183.3
156.3
192.9
171.8
203. 1
240.0
237.9
123.8

212.7

213.0

232.4

234. 7

236. 1

194.7

195.4

208.6

212.2

211.4

197.4

198.0

216.0

216.7

218.8

196.4
197.8

196. 3
198.8

213.9
217. 1

215. 1
217.5

216.8
219-9

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

208.0

206.8

225.4

225.4

226.6

SERVICES

247.2

246.6

272. 1

276.6

278.3

MANUFACTURING

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

1

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.




p - preliminary.

107

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED HOURS
C-7. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Industry

Mar.
TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION . .
MANUFACTURING
Overtime hours
DURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products . . . .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products

. .

Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical . . . .
Electrical equipment and supplies .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products .
Miscellaneous manufacturing, Ind..
NONDURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products

. . .

Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products

. . . .

Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products . .
Petroleum and coal products

. . .

Rubber and plastics products, nee
Leather and leather products

. .,

TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
1

Apr.

May

June

1976
July
Aug.
36. 1
42.6
36.9
40. 1
3. 1

39.5
3. 1
40.2
38.6
40.6
36.0
42.8
37.6
41.6
42.2
40.7
38.2

36. 1
42.2
37.3
40.2
3.2
40. 9
3.4
41. 1
39.8
38.6
41.4
41.2
41.0
41.2
40. 1
42.5
40.5
38.5
39.3
2.9
40. 1
38.3
40.3
35.8
42.4
37.5
41.5
42. 0
40.3
37.0

39.8

39.7

33.6
38.7
32. 1

33.9
38.9
32.5

36.5
33. 5

36.6
33.5

36.2
42.8
36.0
40.3
3. 1
40.7
3. 1
40.8
40. 0
39.2
40.8
40.6
40.9
41. 1
40. 1
42.2
40.5
38.8
39.6
3.2
40.3
39.0
40. 9
36.3
42.6
37.4
41. 6
42.2
40.8
38.3

36. 1
42.8
37.4
39.4
2.6
39.8
2.5
39.7
40.0
38.4
41. 1
40.6
39.6
40.2
39. 1
39.8
39.6
38.0
38.9
2.8
40. 1
38.6
39.3
34. 9
42. 1
37.2
41.7
42.2
39.6
37.7

36.3
42.4
37. 1
40.3
3.3

39.9

Sept.

Oct.

1977
Feb.J

Mar.p

36.2
43.6
37.7
40.2
3.3
40.7
3.3
40.4
40.3
37.8
41. 1
40. 6
40.6
41.3
40.6
41.3
40. 7
39.5
39.5
3.2
40. 1
37.5
40.4
35. 5
42.8
37.8
42. 0
42.4
41.5
36.6

36.2
43.6
36.9
40.3
3.3

39.1
2.8
40.3
37.5
39.4
35.0
42. 1
37.5
41.6
42.0
41. 1
36.4

35.8
42.9
35.4
39.5
3.2
40.0
3.4
40.5
39.9
37.0
39.9
40.0
3 9.9
40.6
39.4
41.4
39.8
38.2
38.7
3.0
39.5
36. 1
39.7
34.2
41.9
37.4
41.6
42.3
40.9
35.3

39.9

3 9.8

40.2

40.5

39.8

40.3

40. 1

33.6
38.8
32. 1

33.5
38.7
32.0

33.4
38.7
31.9

33.6
38.6
32.2

33.2
38.7
31.6

33.3
39.0
31.7

33.5

38.9
32.0
36.8
33. 5

36.7
33. 5

36.7
33.6

36.7
33.5

36.7
33.5

36.8
33.5

36.6
33.6

36.8

36. 1
43.3
37.3
39.9
2.9
40.5
3.0
40. 6
40.3
38.4
41.4
40.2
40.4
41.2
40.0
41.2
40.3
38.7

39.1
2.9
40.0
35.0
40.2
35.5
42.3
37.7
41.4
42.2
40.3
37.0

39.8

39.8

40. 0

33.7
38.8
32.2

33.5
38.8
31.9

33.6
39. 1
32.0

33.6

36.8
33.6

36.6

36.6

33.4

33.4

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.

Jan.

36.2
43.7
37.3
40. 0
3.2
40.5
3.3
41. 0
40.3
38. 6
41.2
40. 1
40.5
41.2
40.2
41. 1
40.7
38.9
39.3
3. 1
40. 1
37.5
40. 1
35.3
42.6
37.7
41.7
42.5
41.5
36.5

36.0
43.5
35.9
39.7
3.0
40.2
3.0
40. 1
39.8
38.0
40.9
40.3
40. 6
40.8
39.7
41. 1
39.9
38.2
39.0
2.9
40.2
37. 1
39.0
34.9
42.2
37.4
41.9
42.2
40.5
36.5

40.9
3.3
40.9
40.6
38.6
41.0
41.2
41.0
41.5
40. 1
42.0
40.8
38.8

Dec.

36.2
43.3
37.4
40. 1
3. 1
40.8
3.2
40.6
40.3
38. 6
41.2
40.3
40.8
41.5
40.3
42.0
40.4
39. 0
39.2
3.0
40.4
36.9
39.8
35. 1
42.4
37.6
41.7
41. 9
41.2
36.4

36. 1
41.2
36.8
40.0
3.0
40.8
3. 1
40.7
40.2
38.5
41. 1
40. 9
41.0
41.4
40. 1
41.9
40.4
38.5
38.9
2.8
40. 1
36.8
39.3
35.2
42. 1
37.5
41.3
42.3
40.0
36.7

40.9
3.4
40.8
40. 1
3 9. 0
41.4
41.0
41.0
41.2
40.2
42.4
40.8
38.7

Nov

40.9
3.4
40.5
3 9.9
38.6
41. 1
40. 9
40.7
41.5
40.3
42. 9
40. 1
38.9
39.5
3.2
40.3
36.7
40.6
35.6
42. 7
37.7
41.9
42.6
41.3
36.4

38.9
31.9

33.5

p = preliminary.

C-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1977

1976

Industry

Mar. I Apr. | May | June | July [ Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. |

Dec.

Jan. 1 Feb. P | M a r . P

Average hourly earnings

TOTAL PRIVATE . . .
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING

$4.77 $4.79
6.29 6.32
7.58
7.57
5.08 5.08

$4.84 $4.85 $4. 88 $4.91
6.36
6.33 6.44
6.34
7.66
7.74
7.77
7.68
5. 13
5. 16 5.21 5.25

$4.92 $4.95 $5.00 $5.02
6.62
6.67
6.60
6.62
7.82
7.81
7.71
7.76
5.34
5.38
5.29 5.29

$5.07 $5.09 $5. 12
6.67
6.73
6.74
7.87
7.94
7.88
5.43
5.43
5.49

TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES

6.33

6.38

6.44

6.47

6.48

6.52

6.54

6.58

6.62

6.64

6.69

6.74

6.75

3.89

3.91

3.94

3.95

3.98

4.00

4.03

4. 05

4.08

4. 11

4. 15

4. 18

4. 19

4.30
4.27

4.33
4.30

4.36
4.34

4.34
4.36

4.37
4.35

4.43
4.39

4.39
4.39

4.43
4.43

4.42
4.48

4.43
4.50

4.51
4.58

4.48
4. 58

4.51
4. 61

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES

Average weekly earnings

TOTAL PRIVATE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars
Real spendable earnings (worker and
3 dependents, 1967 dollars)
1

172.67 L72. 92 175.69 175.09 176. 17 L77. 25 177.12 178.70 18L00 L8L 72
102.96 102.68 103.65 102.87 103. 02 103. 17 102.74 103.29 104 32 104.32
91.67 91.41
92.06 91.42 91.47 91.51
91. 14 91.51 92.24 92. 18

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.

108




p = preliminary.

18L51 184 26 L85.34
103.37 103. 93
91.36 91.65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
[1967= 100]

1977

1976
Industry division and group

TOTAL

Mar o

Apr 0

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept o

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan..

lllol

Feb.p Mar.p

111.5

112.0

111.6

111.8

111.8

112.2

112.2

112.8

113.3

112.3

114.0

96.0

95.6

97.2

96O8

96.5

95.7

95.9

96 o 0

97.2

96.9

95O2

98.0

99.8

125.7

125.9

124.7

125.0

127.7

115.6

131.7

131.1

132.6

134.0

L30.7 134,3

138.1

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION . . .

99.6

105.0

104o0

104.0

103o7

102.5

99.4

104.2

105.7

104o3

96,4 105.3

106.5

MANUFACTURING

94.3

93.0

95.1

94*6

94.2

93<

94.0

93.2

94.5

94.4

93.8

95.4

97.2

DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products . . .
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment and supplies . .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing, Ind.. .

92.4
41.0
95O8
103.6
96.5
86.0
97.2
93.3
90,4
91.8
106.7
95O4

90.9
39.9
96.0
102.7
98.6
86.8
94.9
91.7
89.0
86.9
105.7
93.1

94.0
41.0
96.6
105.1
99.5
88.3
98.7
94.9
92.2
92.8
109.6
95.4

93O8
40.7
96.1
103.3
99.7
89.2
98.4
94.5
91.9
92.6
109.1
94.7

93.5
40.0
98.6
102.3
99.2
90.1
98.0
95.9
90.5
90.3
110.3
93.1

93,
39,
97.
101,
98.6
89.8
98.6
95.9
92.2
90.7
108.1
91.8

93.2
38.6
98.2
102.4
98.9
88.8
98.6
95.9
91.5
89.1
107.2
92.2

92.0
38.5
99.4
102.2
99.7
86.2
96.5
94.0
92.1
86.1
107.9
92.0

93.8
38 O 5
100.8
102.8
100.2
85.7
98.1
96.7
93.4
91.5
108.5
92.1

93.2
39.0
101.1
98.5
96O1
84.8
97.6
95.7
91.7
93.3
108.9
93.1

94.6
38.4
102.3
101.4
96.8
85.6
99.4
97.7
95.7
91.1
112.5
96.8

97.0
40 o l
102.7
105.8
102.0
87.5
102.2
98.4
96.3
97.7
111.1
97.1

NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products . . .
Petroleum and coal products . . .
Rubber and plastics products, nee
Leather and leather products . . .

97 O 1
96.0
84.9
99.3
92.6
96.1
92.7
99.4
113.9
121.7
79.3

96.0
96.1
85O4
96.1
89.3
95.9
92.3
100.1
115.6
121.3
78.4

96.6
96.6
85.4
99.9
92.0
98.1
93.6
100.0
113.9
108.8
79.8

95.8
96.8
83.4
98.6
91.4
97.3
93.1
99.0
111.6
107.0
76.0

95.2
97.0
82.3
98.0
88.9
96.9
93.6
99.4
112.2
106.2
74.7

94.2
96.5
84.0
95.5
87.6
96.1
92.9
99.8
112.4
105.2
72.5

95.2
96.4
82.1
95.2
86.2
96.5
93.1
100.3
112.2
124.3
72.1

95.0
96.2
83.0
95.0
85.7
95.7
93.4
99.4
112.5
125.6
71.0

95.4
96.6
81.6
95.6
86.1
97.0
93.6
100.0
113.1
125.7
70o4

93.6
39.5
101.9
103.5
99.1
85.0
98.1
96.0
93.1
90.6
110.4
91.6
95.5
95.5
81.6
96.1
86.3
97.2
93.7
100.0
114.7
127.6
70.5

94.7
95.1
76.1
95.4
84.1
96.2
93.0
100.4
115.0
127.7
69.1

96.7
96.5
77O7
97.5
87.3
98.5
94.1
102.0
115.3
130.1
71,7

97.6
96 O 9
76.0
99.1
88.2
99.2
94.5
102.5
119.3
132.3
71.9

122.6

121.8

122.5

123.0

123.6

123.5

123.5

124.6

124.1

125.1

122.3

125O6

102.4

101.9

101.6

102.1

102.5

102.9

102.0

103.2

105.0

102.7

104o2

103.9

119.8
114.3
121.8

118.1
114.1
119.6

118.9
115.3
120.3

119.0
114.7
120.6

119.3

118.9

120.3

121.3

114.9
121.6

114.8
121.0

114.8
120.4

120.0
114.8
122.0

119.1

118.9
114.3
120.6

119.7

113.2
119.8

115.4
120.4

116.7
121.6

117.1
122.9

125.5

126.1

126.3

126.3

126.6

127.3

127.7

128.3

129.1

129*8

130.6

130.2

131.4

134.0

134.6

135.3

135.0

135.4

136.6

137.2

137.6

137.7

138.4

138.8

139.8

139.8

GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING

.

.
.
.
.

SERVICE-PRODUCING

121.6

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, A N D
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
1

102.5
118.0

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.

C-10.

p = preliminary.

Hours of wage and salary workers

in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division
Millions of hours (Annual rate)2

Industry division

TOTAL . . . .
PRIVATE SECTOR
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS
. . . .
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE INSURANCE AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES

GOVERNMENT

. .

.

.

January
1977

February
1977p

152,151
122,961
1,823
6,555
39,415
23,321
16,095
9,415
31,142
8,464
26,147
29,189

154,672
124,742
1,875
7,128
39,959
23,592
16,368
9,545
31,462
8,446
26,327
29,930

1
Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers and
salaried workers—and are based largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods
for Survey Studies, BLS Bulletin 1910—Chapter 30, Productivity Measures: Private Economy
and Major Sectors.




115.0

Percent change

March
1977p

155,210
125,626
1,907
7,159
40,395
23,963
16,432
9,548
31,740
8,531
26,346
29,584

March 1976
to
March 1977

3.1
3.6
10.9
6.9
2.7
4.1
0.8

2.1
3.0
5.1
4.6
1.0

J a n . 1977
to
Feb. 1977

1.. 7
1.4
2.9
8.7
1.4
1.2
1.7
1.4
1.0
-0.2
0.7
2.5

Feb. 1977
to
Mar. 1977

0.3
0.7
1.7
0.4
1.1
1.6
0.4
0.0
0.9
1.0
0.1
-1.2

"Annual rate" refers to total hours paid for 1 week in the month, expressed as a seasonally adjusted annual equivalent.

109

PRODUCTIVITY
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices,
private business sector, seasonally adjusted
[1967 = 100]
Quarterly indexes
Annual average

1974

1975

1976

1975

1976

JU-

PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of a!! persons . . .
Output . ,
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

111.3
118,1
106.1
179.9
111.6
161.6
149.6
157.5

115,7
126.1
108.9
193.7
113.6
167.4
159.3
164.6

109.3
121.8
111.5
161.6
111.1
147.9
129.4
141.5

108.7
120.6
111.0
166.6
111.3
153.3
132.0
146.0

107.7
117.7
109.2
170.8
110.8
158.6
134.9
150.4

108.1
114.2
105.7
176.1
112.0
162.9
138.6
154.5

111.2
116.7
104.9
178.7
112.0
160.7
146.6
155.9

113.4
120.1
105.9
180.8
111.1
159.5
156.2
158.4

112.8
121.2
107.5
184.2
111.3
163.3
156.3
160.9

114.7
124.2
108.2
188.8
112.8
164.6
156.3
161.7

115.5
125.8
108.9
191.8
113.3
166.0
159.6
163.8

116.3
126.8
108.9
195.3
113.7
167.8
160.7
165.4

116.5
127.5
109.5
199.3
114.7
171.0
160.5
167.4

NONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments . . . . . . .
Implicit price deflator

109.2
118.0
108.0
177.4
110.0
162.4
144.8
156.4

113.3
126.2
111.4
190.5
111.7
168.2
155.7
163.9

107.5
122.1
113.6
159.4
109.6
148.3
124.2
140.1

106.7
121.0
113.4
163.9
109.5
153.6
127.0
144.6

105.8
117.9
111.4
168.5
109.3
159.3
129.7
149.2

106.0
114.4
107.8
173.1
110.1
163.3
136.0
154.0

109.0
116.6
106.9
176.1
110.4
161.5
142.3
155.0

111.4
119.9
107.7
178.9
109.8
160.6
150.0
157.0

110.6
121.3
109.7
181.4
109.6
164.1
150.3
159.3

112.0
124.3
111.0
185.4
110.8
165.4
152.6
161.0

113.2
126.0
111.2
188.9
111.6
166.8
154.2
162.5

114.0
126.9
111.3
192.1
111.9
168.5
157.6
164.8

113.
127.
112.
195.
112.
171.9
158.1
167.2

MANUFACTURING:
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour . . . . . . . .
Real compensation per hour . . . .
Un;t labor costs

114.9
106.3
92.5
179.8
111.5
156.4

122.4
118.2
96.6
193.2
113.3
157.9

115.3
118.5
102.8
158.7
109.1
137.7

115.5
118.5
102.6
163.6
109.3
141.7

112.7
111.5
98.9
169.8
110.1
150.7

109.0
100.8
92,4
175.9
111.9
161.3

112.7
102.7
91.1
178.5
111.8
158.3

118.6
109.5
92.3
180.7
111.0
152.3

119.5
112.6
94.2
183.7
111.0
153.7

120.9
116.5
96.4
187.8
112.3
155.4

123.1
119.0
96.7
191.7
113.3
185.8

124.8
120.5
96.6
194.6
113.3
155.9

124.5
120.7
97.0
198.3
114.2
159.3

DURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

110.9
101.3
91.3
181.3
112.4
163.5

117.8
112.5
95.5
194.7
114.2
165.3

108.9
113.0
103.8
158.6
109.0
145.6

109.7
113.9
103.9
163.5
109.2
149.1

107.7
107.9
100.2
169.7
110.1
157.5

104.2
96.9
92.9
176.0
111.9
168.9

108.6
97.9
90.1
180.0
112.8
165.7

115.2
104.2
90.5
182.7
112.2
158.6

115.5
106.4
92.2
185.7
112.2
160.8

116.5
110.2
94.6
189.5
113.3
162.7

119.3
113.8
95.4
193.9
114.6
162.5

121.1
116.2
95.9
195.9
114.1
161.8

120.2
115.6
96.2
199.0
114.6
165.5

NONDURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

121.5
114.5
94.2
177.8
110.3
146.3

129.7
127.6
98.3
191.1
112.1
147.3

125.6
127.3
101.4
158.4
108.9
126.1

125.2
126.0
100.7
163.3
109.0
130.4

121.0
117.5
97.1
169.3
109.9
140.0

117.1
107.5
91.7
175.5
111.6
149.8

119.4
110.4
92.4
176.4
110.6
147.7

124.4
118.1
95.0
178.4
109.5
143.4

125.9
122.5
97.3
181.5
109.7
144.2

127.7
126.3
98.9
185.8
111.1
145.5

129.2
127.4
98.6
188.8
111.6
146.1

131.1
127.9
97.5
192.7
112.2
146.9

131.6
129.1
98.1
197.6
113.8
150.2

NONFINANCIAL CORPORATIONS:
Output per ail-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour . . . . . .
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs .
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

112.8
124.0
109.9
179.9
111.6
166.8
159.4
189.8
87.0
155.0

117.3p
133.lp
113.5p
193.7p
113.6p
172.5p
165.lp
195.7p
107.2p
162.8p

110.5
129.7
117.3
160.5
110.4
148.5
145.2
158.4
74.4
137.5

109.1
127.7
117.1
165.1
110.2
155.2
151.4
167.2
66.4
142.0

108.0
123.7
114.6
169.9
110.2
162.0
157.3
176.8
60.2
146.9

108.8
119.7
110.0
175.5
111.6
167.4
161.3
186.5
61.6
151.7

112.5
122.4
108.8
178.3
111.7
165.9
158.5
189.2
82.4
153.5

115.1
126.2
109.7
181.2
111.3
165.4
157.5
190.2
102.0
156.0

114.8
127.5
111.1
184.6
111.5
168.7
160.8
193.4
100.5
158.6

116.0
130.8
112.8
188.4
112.6
169.6
162.5
191.9
106.0
160.2

117.2
133.0
113.4
191.9
113.4
171,0
163.7
193.8
107.1
161.5

118.0
134.0
113.6
195.0
113.6
172.8
165.3
196.2
111.3
163.7

N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

p=preliminary.
r=revised.

110




III

JLJL.

JLI_

TTT

TV

PRODUCTIVITY
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-12. Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit
costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted at annual rate
Annual percent change

Quarterly percent change

1975 III 197^ IV 1975 I 1976 II 1976(111 1976III 1974 IV 1974
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
Ell 1975 IV 197! I 1976 II 1976 III 1976 IV 1976III 1975 IV 1975
II

I 1975 II 1975FEII 1975 IV 1975
to
to
to
I 1976 II 1976JIII 1976 IV 1976

PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of a!l persons .
Output
Hours
,. .
Compensation ptr hour ,
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

8.
12.
3.9
4.8
-3.3
-3.1
28.9
6.6

-2.1
3.6
5.9
7.6
0.9
10.0
0.2
6.6

7.0
10,2
2.9
10.4
5.6
3.1
-0.1
2.1

2.9
5.5
2.6
6.5
1.8
3.5
8.8
5.2

2.9
2.9
0.1
7.5
•1.3
4.5
2.8
3.9

0.5
2.4
1.9
8,4
3.7
7.9
-0.5
5.0

4.3
-0.4
-4.6
8.5
-0.2
4.0
18.4
8.5

4.7
3.0
-1.6
7.3
0.4
3.0
15.8
7.0

6.1
8.7
2.4
7.2
0.8
1.0
12.7
4.7

3.9
7,8
3.8
7.3
1.2
3.3
8.8
5.1

2.6
5.5
2.8
8.0
2.4
5.2
2.9
4.4

3.3
5.2
1.9
8.2
3.1
4.7
2.7
4.0

NONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of al! persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

8.9
12.1
2.9
6.4
-1.8
T 2.3
23.6
5.3

-2.8
4.5
7.6
5.8
-0 8
8.9
0.6
6.2

5.4
10.5
4.8
9.0
4.3
3.4
6.3
4.3

4,4
5.4
1.0
7.7
3.0
3.2
4.4
3,6

2.6
3.0
0.4
7.1
0.9
4.3
9.0
5.8

-1.0
2.0
3.0
7.2
2.5
8.2
1.4
5.9

4.4
-0.8
-5.0
9.1
0.4
4,5
18.1

8.6

4.5
2.9
-1.6
7.7
0.3
3.0
15.8
6.8

5.7
8.7
2.9
7.1
0.6
1.3
12.2
4.6

3.9
8.1
4.1
7.2
1.1
3.2
8.4
4.9

2.4
5.8
3.4
7.4
1.8
4.9
5.0
5.0

2.8
5.2
2.3
7.8
2.7
4.8
5.2
4.9

22.6
29.4
5.5
5.1
-3.0
-14.3

3.0
11.9
8.7
6.8
0.1
3.7

4.7
14.4
9.3
9.2
4.5
4.3

7.4
8.9
1.4
8.6
3.8
1.1

5. 7
5.3
-0.5
6.2
0.1
0.4

-0.9
0.6
1.6
7.9
3.2
8.9

2.7
-7.6
-10.0
10.5
1.6
7.5

6.1
1.0
-4.8
8.2
0.8
2.0

10.9
15.6
4.2
6.8
0.3
-3.7

9.2
15.9
6.2
7.4
1.3
-1.6

5.2
10.1
4.7
7.7
2.1
2.4

4.2
7.2
2.9
8.0
2.9
3.6

26.5
28.5
1.6
6.2
-2.0
16.0

1.1
8.7
7.5
6.7
0.1
5.5

3.6
15.1
11.2
8.5
3.8
4.8

9.9
13.6
3.3
9.4
4.6
-0.4

6.1
8.6
2.3
4.3
-1.7
-1.7

-2,7
-1.8
1.0
6.5
1.8
9.5

5.0
-8.5
-12.9
11.7
2.7
6.4

7.2
-1.4
-8.0
9.4
1.9
2.1

11.8
13.8
1.8
7.7
1.2
-3.7

16.2
5.8
7.7
1.6
-2.0

5.1
11.5
6.0
7.2
1.7
2.0

4.1
8.7
4.4
7.2
2.1
3.0

17.6
31.0
11.5
4,4
-3.6
-11.2

5.0
15.9
10,5
7.2
0.5
2.1

5.9
13.0
6.7
9,9
5.2
3.8

4.7
3.5
-1 2
6.5
1.8
1.7

6.3
1.6
-4.4
8.6
2.3
2.2

1.3
3,8
2.5
10.5
5.6
9.1

-0.6
-6.3
-5.7
9.2
0.5
10.0

4.1
4.3
0.2
7,2
-0.2
3.0

9,0
17.6
7.9
5.9
-0.5
-2.8

8.2
15.4
6.7
7.0
0.9
-1.1

5.5
8.3
2.7
8.0
2.4
2.5

4.5
5.4
0,8
8.9
3.7
4.2

9.3
13.1
3,5
6.7
-1.5
-1.2
-2.4
2.1
135.3
6.7

-0.9
4.2

4.2

10.6

4.4
6.8

2.6
3.3
0,7
6.7
0.6
4.3
4.0
5.1
16.9
5.5

5.5
-1.1
-6.3
9.8

6.3
3.1
-3 0
8.7
1.2
4.1
2.2
9.4
66.9
7.9

6.6
9.3
2.6
7.3
0.9
1.3
0.7
2.9
71.9
5.6

4.2
8,6
4.3
7.6
1.5
3.1
3.3
2.5
30.0
5.2

2.5
6.2
3.6
7.6
2.1
4.5
5.0
3.2
9.1
4.9

N.A
N.A
N.A
N.A
N.A
N.A
N.A
N.A
N.A

. .f

MANUFACTURING:
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
DURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons

Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
NONDURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons
Output .
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
,.
Unit labor costs
NONFJNANCIAL CORPORATIONS:
Output per all-employee hour

Output

,

Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

.

5.1
7.6
0.9
8.1
8.6
7.1

6.2
8.6
3.9
2.2
4.3

-5.9

-3.1
23.8

6.7

4.1

2.3
7,6
2.9
3.4
3.1
3.9
4.2
3,4

N.A.
N.A.
N-.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

4.0
13.
53.

9=8

N.A

p=preliminary.
r^re vised.




111

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas

ALABAMA1
Birminaham
Mobile1
ALASKA
ARIZONA
Phoenix ,
Tucson

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

$174.53
211.98
208.75

$167.93
226.40
233.62

305.66

362.95

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours

Average weekly earnings

State and area

FEB.
1977P

FEB.

1976

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

$186.19

39.9
40,0
40.7

39.7
<*)
41.5

$4.32
5.26

238.21

40.4
40.3
40.3

5. 18

$4.71
5.66
5.74

$4.69
<*)
5.74

(•)

40.7

42.7

<*)

7.51

8.50

(*)

(*>

197.46
192.23
2 06.51

2 16.91
218.02
213.79

217.95
218.69
221.31

38.6
38.6

39.8
40.3
38.8

39.7
40.2
39.1

5.05
4. 98
5.35

5.45
5.41
5.51

5.49
5.44

ARKANSAS
Fayetteville-Springdale ?
Fort Smith 2.
little Rock-North Little Rock2.
Pine Bluff 2.

149.33
142.84
151.71
170.74
189.66

146.97
139.3 7
142.65
166.48
1S9.67

165.15
152.04
164.64
190.07
2 05.81

39. 4
39.9
38. S
39.8
40.7

34.5
36.2
31.7
33.7
4Q. 5

39.7
39.8
3 8.2
40.1
42.7

3.79
3.58
3.90
4.29
4.66

4 . 26
3.85

4.93

4. 16
3.82
4.31
4.74
4.82

CALIFORNIA3
Anaheim—Santa Ana—Garden Grqve 2 .
Bakersfield 2.
Fresno2
Los Angeles-Long Beach } . . ' .
Modesto 2
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura \
Riverside—San Bernardino—Ontario 2 .
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey 2
San Diego 2
San Francisco—Oakland \
San Jose 2.
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc2.
Santa Rosa ?.
Stockton 2.
Vallejo-Fairf ield-Napa \

213.01
200.66
233.92
198.07
200.99
202.54
194.78
222.32
225.81
196.37
208.10
253.99
233.24
194.24
201.25
240.95
231.49

230.66
2 15.87
248.25
208.50
215.86
218.83
196.33
234.23
247.40
228.51
226.78
278,64
253.13
214.9 3
217.55
255.84
232.71

230.66
217.35
247.02
207.28
216.26
225.55
2 02.07
234.62
244.72
226.18
223.11
277.68
2 55.84
211.60
220.23
2 63.46
229.82

39.3
39. 5
40. 4
39.3
39. 6
37.3
38. 8
39.7
38.6
36. 5
37.7
38.6
39. 2
39.4
37.2
39.5
38.2

39.7
40.2
40,3
38.9
39.9
37.6
38.8
39. 7
38.9
38.6
39.1
39.3
39. 8
40.4
3 7.9
39.3
37.9

39.7
40.4
4C.1
38.6
39.9
38.1
39.7
39.3
38.6
38.4
38.6
39.0
4 0.1
40.0
3 8.3
4C.1
37.8

5.42
5.08
5.79
5*04
5.05
5.43
5.02
5.60
5.85
5.38
5.52
6.58
5.95
4.93
5.41
6. 10
6.06

5.61
5.37
6. 16
5.36
5.41
5.82
5.06
5.90
6.36
5.92
5. 80
7.09
6.36
5.32
5.74
6.51
6.14

5.81
5.38
6.16
5.37
5.42
5.92
5.09
5.97
6.34
5.89
5.78
7.12
6.38
5.29
5.75
6.57
6.08

COLORADO
Denver-Boulder

203.84
207.62

2 19.54
223.60

221.20
223.18

38.9
39.1

39.7
40.0

3*9.5
39.5

5. 24
5.31

5. 53
5.59

5.60
5.65

CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-West Haven
Stamford
Watei bury

203.18
211.24
228.65
204.62
201.50
212.16
174.58

220.99
229.02
248.81
228.25
217.08
221.37
169.15

222.76
232.48
254.40
232.10
217.74
227.34
190.44

40.8
41.5
41.6
40.6
40. 3
41. 6
40.6

41.0
42.1
42. 1
41.5
40.5
41.3
41.3

41.1
42.5
42.9
42.2
40.7
42.1
41.4

4.98
5.09
5.47
5.04
5.00
5. 10
4.30

5.39
5.44
5.91
5.50
5.3$
5.36
4.58

5.42
5.47
5.93
5.50
5.35
5.40
4.60

DELAWARE
Wilmington

2 24.00
2481.27

223.30
250.73

40.0
40.5

38.7
39.3

(•)

5.60
6.13

5.77
6.38

(*>
(*>

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA:
Washington SMSA

203.52

204.58

206.05

37.9

37.4

37.6

5.37

5.47

5.48

173.01
162.54
212.28
150.42
179.71
207.67
184.91
221.81

184.95
183.08
2 10.65
165.24
2C4.34
228.65
193.87
219.98

184.95
181.83
207.08
169.74
196.41
221.27
194.55
220.37

40.9
38.7
41.3
39.9
41.6
40. 8
41.0
44.9

41. 1
41.8
40.2
40.5
43.2
42.5
40.9
41.9

41.1
41.8
39.9
41.4
41.7
40.9
40.7
41.5

4,23
4.20
5.14
3.77
4,32
5. 09
4.51
4.94

4 . 50
4.38
5.24
4 . 08
4.73
5.38
4.74
5.25

4.50
4.35
5.19
4.10
4.71
5.41
4.78
5.31

164.84
202.18
211.95

168.56
213.01
221.68

171.54

40.5
39.8
43.7

39.2
39.3
42.2

39.8

211.92
(•)

39. i
(*>

4.07
5.08
4.8 5

4.30
5.42
5.49

4.31
5.42
(*)

198.74
192.12

204.60
199.13

211.42
203.46

39.2
38.5

38.1
37.5

38.3
37.4

5.07
4.99

5. 37
5.31

5.52
5.44

187.34

209.93

211.80

38.0

38.1

38.3

4.93

1

FLORIDA1
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood x
Jacksonville l
Miami l
Orlando x
Pensacola l
Tampa-St. Petersburg !.
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton!
GEORGIA
Atlanta
Savannah

;

HAWAII
Honolulu
IDAHO h..-:
See footnotes at end of table.

112




,

<•)
<*>

39. 1

4.50
4.94

5. 66

5.53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas—Continued

FP3,

19 76

JAN.
1977

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours

Average weekly earnings
State and area

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

FFB.
1977P

FEB.
1976

1977

FEB.
1977P

40. 1

39.5

3 9.3

$5. 68

$6. 11

$6.05

$228.00

$241.37

236.87
239.61

248.18
264.52

2 57. 18
(*)

40. 7
41. 1

38.9
40.2

4 0.5
(*)

5.82
5. 83

6.38
6. 58

6.35
(*)

225.10
227.92
236.38
266.27
205.35
279.30

2 54.3 8
251.53
210.80
3 06.5 3
228.42
3 27. 12

252.90
249.27
2 61.69
320.62
229.07
329.02

39. 7
40.7
39.2
39. 1
38.6
39. $

40. 7
41.1
40.0
39.4
40.5
42.1

40.4
40.4
39.0
41.0
40.4
42.4

5.67
5.60
6.03
6.81
5. 32
7.00

6.25
6. 12
6.77
7.78
5.64
7.77

6.26
6.17
6.71
7.82
5.67
7.76

199.62
210.78
219.25

208.31
227.98
2 26.8 0

210.34
239.73
227.88

40.9
41. e
41.0

40.6
42.3
40.9

40.9
44.1
41.2

4.88
5.04
5. 3 5

5 . 14
5.40
5. 54

5. 14
5.44
5.53

196.80
225.50

1S6.16
2 23.9 2

213. 79
248.58

40.0
39.7

35.6
36.0

39.3
39.9

4.92
5.68

5.51
6. 22

5.44
6.23

212.59
266.91
215.48
190.03

212.28
280.93
226.95
200.74

229.55
283.29
231.49
204.18

41.2
42. 1
41. 2
41. 4

41.3
42.5
40.6
40. 8

4 0.7
42.6
40.9
41.5

5. 16
6. 34
5.23
4.59

5.14
6 . 61
5.59
4.92

5.64
6.65
5.66
4.92

160.79
139.32
167.14

1*9.60
136.90
174.79

1 74.84
143.23
181.04

40. 4

3 8.9
37. 1
38.5

40.1
38.4
40.5

3.98
3.44
4.21

4.36

40. 5
39.7

3 . 69
4 . 54

4.36
3.73
4.47

MARYLAND J
Baltimore 2.

211.60
225.52

225.23
2 36.3 8

229.31
240.19

39. 7
40.2

38.9
39.2

39.4
39.7

5.33
5.61

5 . 79
6.03

5.82
6.05

MASSACHUSETTS
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Lawrence—Haverhill
Lowell

184.07
201.22
151.29
134.31
178.69
159.89
156.29
185.87
183.22

192.65
2 12.74
152.82
127.66
180.07
163.5 3
156.2 4
201.70
193.55

200.90
2 2 0.65
158.58
140.89
194.71
177.30
165.50
210.59
199.80

39.5
39.3
38.3
36.3
39. 1

38.3
38.4
36. 3
32.4
36.9
36. 1
36.0
40.1
38.1

4C.1
39.9
37.4
35.4
39.9
3S.4
38.4
41.7
39.8

4. 66
5.12
3. 95
3. 70
4.57
4. 23
4.07
4.67
4.71

5.03
5.54
4.21
3.94
4.88
4.53
4 . 34
5.03
5. 08

5.01
5.53
4.24
3.98
4.88
4.50
4.31
5.05
5.02

278.94
294.83
267.53
301.04
294.60
327.94
221.98
235.62
248.86
308.88
238.73
324.37

312.17
338.57
2S5.31
305.97
332.65
375.74
244.09
214.59

42.2
42.1
41.2
46. 6
42.2
44. 6
40.5
40.9

6.61
7. 00
6.50
6.4 7
6.98
7.35
5.48
5.76
6. 01
7.02
5.73
7. 5 3

7 . 38
7 . 73
6.92
6 . 58
7.83

i*)
i*)
<*)
(*)
(•)

41. 4
44.0
41. 7
43. 1

42.3
43.8
42.7
46.5
42.5
46.2
41.1
42.2
41. 6
46.1
41.7
45.0

{*)
(*)
<*)
(*)
{•>

3 55.8 0
256.96
352.13

{*>
(*)
(*>
(*)
(*)
(*)
<*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
{*>

MINNESOTA '
Duluth-Superior *
Minneapolis—St. Paul \

2 13.44
195.50
230.35

232.58
203-.58
248.86

232.58
203.84
249.27

39.6
39. 1
40.2

40. 1
39.0
40.4

40.1
38.9
40.4

MISSISSIPPI2
Jackson2

151.60
154.37

157.56
171.65

162.39
168.78

40.0
40.2

39.0
40.2

199.40
222.48
194.81
231.98
165.21

2 09.06
244.37
1S7.79
244.20
173.53

216.85
243.60
197.71
251.03
178.22

39.8
39.8
40.5
40.1
38. 6

214.89

254.58

247.86

37.9

ILLINOIS
2

INDIANA .
Indianapolis '
IOWA
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
KANSAS

,

!

Topeka

l

Wichita

l

KENTUCKY
Louisville
LOUISIANA *
1

Baton Rouge

New Orleans '
Shreveport
MAINE

2

..

2

Lewiston—Auburn
Portland

2

2

New Bedford
Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke
Worcester
MICHIGAN
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Bay City
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson

,

Kalamazoo—Portage

,

Lansing—East Lansing
Muskegon—Norton Shore—Muskegon Heights.
Saginaw . ;

;

MISSOURI
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis
Springfield
MONTANA

2 72.31

$237.85

37. fi
38.4
39. 6
38.9

8 . 13

(•)

5 . <54

(*}

6.27
6.55
7.72
6 . 16
7. 83

{*
<*
{*
<*
(*

5.39
5. 00
5.73

5 .80
5. 22
6.16

5.80
5.24
6.17

39.9
39.9

3.79
3.8 4

4 . 04
4»27

4.07
4.23

37.6
39.8
39.4
38.7
37.0

39.5
40.0
39.7
40.1
3 7.6

5.01
5.59
4.81
5.79
4.28

5. 56
6 . 14
5.02
6.31
4.69

5.49
6.09
4.98
6.26
4.74

42.5

40.5

5*67

5.99

6.12

See footnotes at end of table.




113

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas—Continued
Average weekly earnings
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.
19 77

FEB.
1977P

$218.55
$199.30
188.47 •
159.87
224.86
244.30

$219.11
L95.98
243. 72

40.9
40. G
42.1

41*7
40.2
42.8

41.6
39.6
42.4

$4.88
4.71
5. 34

$5.24
4.97
5. 71

$5.27
4.95
5.75

211.13
251.27

232.47
290.34

235.57
(*)

37.5
39.2

40.5
42.2

41.4
<*>

5.63
6. 41

5.74
6. 88

5.69
<*)

NEW HAMPSHIRE
Manchester * . . .
Nashua \

163.12
147.83
188.00

1(67.62
140.76
1S6.71

176.51
155.88
2 06.59

39. 4
38.7
40.0

37.5
34.5
39.5

39.4
38.3
41.4

4 . 14
3. 82
4.70

4.47
4. 08
4.98

4.48
4.07
4.99

NEW JERSEY
Atlantic City
Camden 3.
Hackensack 4
Jersey City 4.
New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville
Newark .4
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic 4
Trenton

213.52
150.42
189.73
202.40
205.22
224.62
224.30
198.85
242.27

229.45
149.31
197.74
212.00
207.82
249.72
237.99
2 07.8 3
258.43

<*)
<*)
(•)
(•)
<*>
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)

41.3
34.9
39. 2
40.0
40. e
40. 4
42.4
41.6
45.2

40.9
31.7
38. 1
39.7
38.7
41.0
41.9
41.4
44.1

(*)
(*)
<*)

t*>
<*>
(*)
i*l
«*)
{*)

5, 17
4.31
4. 84
5.06
5.03
5.56
5.29
4.7 8
5.36

5. 61
4.71
5.19
5.34
5.37
5.92
5.68
5.02
5 . 86

<*)
(*)
(*)
I*)
(*>
<*)
{*>
<•>
(*)

NEW MEXICO . .
Albuquerque .

152.88
150.11

160.98
166.26

167.57
168.38

39.2
39 . 4

37.7
37.7

3 6.7
37.5

3. 89
3.81

4.27
4.41

4.33
4.49

NEW YORK
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
,
Elmira
Monroe County s
Nassau-Suffolk 6
New York-Northeastern New Jersey
New York and Nassau-Suffolk 4
New York SMSA6
New York City 7
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County 7
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County 7

204.09
216.07
201.28
256.54
192.94
263.74
194.64
203.43
185.71
183. 86
182.40
206.63
251.52
205.03
219.10
189.67
191.78

2 17.6 2
237.92
ISO.42
286.42
2C9.62
263.18
199.02
2C7.48
193.26
191.58
188.93
226.56
267.49
217.00
235.82
199.68
214.97

< *

39.0
40.6
39.1
40.8
39.7
41.4
39. 1
39.0
3 7.6
37.2
36.9
41.8
40.9
42.3
39.7
39.0
39.3

(*)
f*»
(*)
<*)
<*)
(*>
<*)
(*)
<*)
(•)
(*>
{*)
<*)
(*)
(*)
{*)

(*)

39.4
41.0
41. 5
40.4
39.7
41.6
39.4
39. 5
37.9
37.6
37.3
40.2
41. 3
42. 1
40.8
40. 1
39.3

5. 18
5.27
4.85
6. 35
4.86
6. 34
4*94
5.15
4.9 0
4.89
4 . 89
5. 14
6.09
4. 87
5.37
4.73
4. 88

5 . 58
5.86
4.87
7. C2
5.28
6 . 84
5.09
5.32
5. 14
5.15
5.12
5.42
6.54
5 . 13
5.94
5.12
5. 47

<*)
(*)
(*)
<*)
«*)
<*)
(*)
(*)
<*)

NORTH CAROLINA
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Raleigh—Durham

146.10
144.76
147.06
157.21
167,11

152.80
146.26
159.2 0
165.12
177.75

157.20
152.08
161.99
169.46
171.31

39. 7
40. 1
40. 4
39.4
39.6

38.2
37.6
40. 1
38. 4
39.5

39.3
39.4
40.7
39.5
37.9

3.68
3. 61
3.64
3. 99
4.22

4.00
3.89
3.97
4.30
4 . 50

4.00
3.86
3.98
4.29
4. 52

NORTH DAKOTA .
Fargo—Moorhead

181.24
191.52

185.38
201.78

190.62
206.45

39. 4
39.9

3 7. 2
38.0

3 8.2
39.1

4. 6 0
4.80

4.97
5. 31

4.99
5.28

OHIO
Akron 2
Canton 2
Cincinnati
Cleveland 2
Columbus2
Dayton 2
Toledo 2
Youngstown—Warren 2 .

242.49
243.78
237.4L
223.86
249.00
220.30
258.83
255.44
264.21

259.35
270.86
246.53
233.02
271.34
226.31
268.66
281.40
286.03

269.80
278.18
2 50.26
250.66
2 75.14
2 46.63
291.04
286.52
290.77

41. 1
41.6
39. S
41.0
41. 5
40. 2
42.5
41. 4
39.2

39.9
41.8
38. 4
38.2
41.3
38. 1
40.4
42.0
38.6

41.7
42.6
38.8
41.5
42.2
4C.9
43.7
42.7
39.4

5.90
5.86
5. 95
5.46
6.00
5,48
6.09
6.17
6. 7 4

6 . 50
6.48
6.42
6 . 10
6.57
5 . 94
6.65
6.70
7 . 41

6.47
6.53
6.45
6.04
6.52
6.03
6.66
6.71
7.3 8

OKLAHOMA . . .
Oklahoma City 2 .
Tulsa 2

190.22
187.67
205.59

1*8.12
2 00.19
213.33

205.74
201.79
219.49

40. 3
40. 1
41. 2

39. 0
39. 1
39.0

4 0.5
39.8
40.2

4.72
4. 6 8
4.99

5.08
5. 12
5.47

5.08
5.07
5.46

OREGON
Eugene-Springfield
Jackson County
Portland

226.59
239.18
229.25
223.49

246.27
{*)
251.14
239.27

38.8
39.6
39. 8
38.8

38.6
(*)
3<9. 8
37.8

(*)
<*)

5. 84
6.04
5. 76
5.76

6 . 28
(*)
6 . 31
6.33

(*)
C*>
(*>
<*)

FEB.
1976

NEBRASKA
Lincoln .
Omaha . .
NEVADA 2 . . .
Las Vegas '

See footnotes at end of table.

114




4

.

JAN.
1977

I*
(*)
i*
<*
(*
(*
(*
<*
(*
(*
(*>
<*>
(*)

(*>
(*)
{*)
{*)

(*>

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas—Continued
Average weekly earnings
State and area

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

Average weekly hours

A M irage hourly earnings

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

$202.54
195.94
163.30
216.70
198.66
181.42
232.41

$214.30
213.16
178.67
228.14
229.37
195.05
227.24

$216.33
215.65
185.47
229.52
232.40
194.78
227.05

39. 1
37.9
37. 8
39.4
38.5
39.1
38. 1

38.2
37.2
37.3
38.8
40. 1
38.7
36.3

3 8.7
38.1
38.4
39.1
40.7
38.8
37«!

$5. 18
5. 17
4. 32
5.50
5. 16
4.64
6.10

$5.61
5.73
4. 79
5.88
5.72
5.C4
6.26

$5.59
5.66
4.83
5.87
5.71
5.02

211.58
253.37
180.81
159.36
145.71
175.56
186.91

225.79
260.24
156.74
164.89
155.94
1S2.15
196.9 1

(*)
274.99
191.64
169.65
151.95
2 00.43
202.00

39. 4
40.8
38. 8
38. 4
35. 8
38. 5
40.9

39.2
38.9
38.5
36.4
34.5
37.9
39.7

(*)
40.8
38.1
37.7
34.3
39.3
40.4

•». J7
6.21
4.66
4»15
4.07
4.56
4.57

5.76
6.69
5.11
4.53
4.52
5.07
4.96

<*>
6.74
5.03
4.50
4.43
5.10
5.00

RHODE ISLAND 2
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket 2

157.99
159.18

164.90
166.57

167. 78
170.25

39.3
39.4

38.8
39.1

39.2
39.5

4.02
4. 04

4.25
4.26

4.28
4.31

SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston—North Charleston .2.
Columbia 2 r.
Greenville-Spartanburg2. . }}. .

154.22
169.68
149.34
155.42

166.0 3
188.55
166.69
164.39

163.53
192.04
167.02
165.21

40.8
40.4
39.3
40.9

40.2
40.9
39.5
39.9

39.5
41.3
39.3
40.1

3.78
4.2 0
3,80
3. 8 0

4.13
4.61
4.22
4.12

4.14
4.65
4.25
4.12

SOUTH DAKOTA
Sioux Falls

174.84
219.11

167.31
234.27

180.40
235.09

40. 1
40. 5

39.6
41.1

37.9
41.1

4.36
5.41

4.73
5. 70

4.76
5.72

TENNESSEE
Chattanooga
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville—Davidson

174.07
193.68
186.59
172.26

174.15
182.21
212,27
206.80
191.18

180.05
186.80
215.71
203.45
192.85

40.7
40.2
40.1
39.2
39.6

38.7
39.1
39.9
38.8
39.5

40.1
40.0
40.7
39.2
39.6

4.10
4. 33
4.83
4. 76
4.35

4.50
4. 66
5*32
5.33
4.84

4.49
4.67
5.30
5.19
4.87

TEXAS 2 . .
Amarillo
Austin 2
Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange 2. .
Corpus Christi 2
Dallas-Fort Worth 2
El Paso !
Galveston-Texas City x
Houston 2
Lubbock2
San Antonio 2
Waco 2
Wichita Falls 2

197.96
194.88
168.08
277.69
230.02
183.37
144.77
321.30
244.80
150.23
149.85
165.90
177.72

1S9.26
200.38
179,22
278.20
2 34.11
182.63
150.9 2
3 09.97
263.30
159.44
160.38
180.26
154.98

207.50
198.77
181.40
260.01
238.26
191.97
152.49
<*>
265.20
158.30
158.40
180.99
184.40

40. S
43.5
40. 5
41. 2
43.4
40. 3
38.3
45.0
42. 5
41.5
40. 5
39.5
40.3

38. 1
40.4
41.2
38.8
41.0
37.5
39.2
40. 1
42.4
41.2
39.6
40.6
33.4

39.6
40.4
41.7
33.9
41.8
39.5
39.2
I*)
42.5
40.8
39.6
40,4
40.0

4. 84
4.48
4.15
6.74
5.30
4.55
3.78
7.14
5.76
3.62
3.70
4. 20
4.41

5.23
4.96
4.35
7.17
5.71
4.87
3.85
7.73
6.21
3.87
4.05
4. 44
4.64

5.24
4<,92
4.35
7.67
5.70
4.86
3.89
<*)
6.24
3.88
4.00
4.48
4.61

UTAH'
Salt Lake City-Ogden 2

186.03
180.85

199.76
1S5.69

201.45
196.49

39.0
39.4

39.4
40.1

39.5
40.1

4.77
4.59

5. 07
4.88

5. 10
4.90

VERMONT .
Burlington
Springfield

176.34
213.90
186.93

180.32
2 19.44
197.46

187.63
231.95
211.77

41.2
43.3
40.2

39.5
42.2
39. 1

40.7
43.6
41.2

4. 28
4.94
4.65

4.57
5.20
5.05

4.61
5.32
5.14

VIRGINIA l
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth 2 .
Northern Virginia 2. .'. 2
Richmond 2
Roanoke2

166.01
169.74
167.66
196.89
202.28
147.00

174.42
168.91
2 10.9 1
1S4.44
207.67
149.40

178.88
177.69
208.18
201.33
213.49
164.34

40. 1
41. 2
38.9
40. 1
40.7
39.2

30.8
36.8
41.6
38.2
38.6
36.0

39.4
39.4
40.9
39.4
39.1
39.6

4.14
4. 12
4.31
4.91
4.97
3.75

4.59
4.59
5,07
5.09
5.38
4.15

4.54
4.51

5.09
5.H
5.46
4.15

WASHINGTON
Seattle-Everett .
Spokane
Tacoma

237.46
245.55
214.03
233.55

259.38
265.48
226.78
253.36

(*)
<*>
{*)
(*)

38.8
39. 1
39.2
38. 1

39.3
38.7
39. 1
38.8

(*)
(•#
(*)
«*)

6. 12
6.28
5. 46
6.13

6.60
6.86
5.80
6.53

<*)
C*)
<•>
<*»

WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston .'
Huntington-Ashland ! .
Parkersburg-Marietta / ,

205.80
242.43
229.82
226.24

225.79
261.3 7
239.24
224.32

220.22
269.74
244.05
241.13

39. 5
41.3
39.9
40.4

39.2
41.5
3 8.9
37.2

38.1
41.6
38.8
39.4

5,21
5.87
5.76
5. 6 0

5.76
6. 31
6.15
6. C3

5.78
6.46
6.29
6.12

PENNSYLVANIA ! .
Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton
Altoona \

*

...

Delaware Valley \ .*
Erie1
Harrisburg \ . , .
Johnstown
Lancast

!

N o r t h e a s t • '<.:••.:-svi.-i.ciia

.....
... .
..

Philadelphia SMSA
Pittsburgh \
Reading '.
Scranton } . ?
Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton ' . }
Williamsport .'
York .\

See footnotes at end of table.




115

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C 13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manfacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas—Continued
Average weekly hours

Average weekly earnings.
State and area

WEST VIRGINIA-Conttnued
Wheeling l
WISCONSIN 2
Appleton-Oshkosh 2
Green Bay 2
Kenosha

2

La Crosse2
Madison

2

Milwaukee
Racine 2

2

WYOMING 1
Casper'
Cheyenne

l

FEB.
1976
$214.34

JAN.
1977
$220.03

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
19 76

JAK
1977

FEB.
1977P

$223.69

39.4

38.4

38.7

$5.44

$5.73

$5.78
5.95
5.66
5.86
6.60
5.08
6.54
6.52
6.38
5.59
6.64
5.96

224.74
214.56
232.21
242.35
188.05
237.77
244.98
235.18

241.50
233.62
241.53
264.05
2C3.52
258.95
264.12
252.87

241.83
235.81
244.13
262.45
206.46
258.48
266.25
2 56. 88

40.7
41.2
42.3
39.0
40.3
39.4
40.3
39.5

40.5
41.2
41.6
39.2
39.8
39.7
40.5
39.6

40.6
41.7
41.6
39.8
40.6
39.5
40.8
40.2

5.52
5.21
5.49
6.21
4.66
6.04
6.07
5.96

5.S7
5.67
5.81
6,74
5.11
6.53
6.52
6.38

204.22
252.72
235.53

220.15
271.42
247.94

225.28
2 74.23
243.18

39.5
40. 5
39.9

40.1
41.0
41.6

40.3
41.3
40.8

5.17
6.24
5.90

5.49
6.62
5.96

Based on 1972 Standard Industrial Classification and adjusted to 1976 benchmark;
not strictly comparable with previously published data.
2

Average hourly earnings

FEB.
1977P

Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Luzerne
County.

Based on 1972 Standard Industrial Classification.
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Burl-

ington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey.
Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey.
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.
Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.

11

Revised to 1976 benchmark; not strictly comparable with previously published

data.
12

Subarea of Washington, D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Alexandria,
Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun,
and Prince William Counties, Virginia.
p=preliminary.
* Not available.

Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Bucks,
Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania.
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lackawanna County.

116




SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back: cover.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-1. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing 1965 to date
[Per 100 employees]
Annual
average

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Total accessions
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977

4. 3
5.0
4.4
4.6
4. 7
4.0
3.9
4.4
4.8
4.2
3.7
3. 9

3.8
4.6
4.3
4. 2
4.6
4. 0
3. 5
4. 1
4.6
4.2
3.0
3.8
3. 7

3. 5
4.2
3.6
3.8
3.9
3.6
3. 1
3. 7
4.0
3.6
2.7

4.0
4.9
3.9
4. 0
4.4
3.7
3. 5
4.0
4. 4
4.0
3.2
4.2

3. 8
4.6
3.9
4.3
4.5
3.7
3.6
4. 0
4. 5
4.4
3. 7
3. 9

4. 1
5. 1
4.6
4. 7
4.8
4.2
4. 0
4.9
5. 3
5. 1
3.9
4.4

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
.1975
1976
1977

3. 1
3.8
3. 3
3. 5
3.7
2.8
2.6
3. 3
3.9
3.2
2. 0
2.6

2.4
3. 2
3. 0
3.0
3.3
2.9
2. 0
2.6
3.5
3.2
1.3
2. 1
2.2

2.4
3. 1
2.7
2.7
3. 0
2. 5
1.9
2.4
3. 1
2. 7
1.2
2. 1
2.1?

2.8
3.7
2.8
2.9
3.4
2.6
2. 2
2.7
3.5
3.0
1.3
2.6

2.6
3.6
2.8
3.2
3. 5
2.6
2.3
2.9
3.6
3. 3
1.6
2. 5

3.0
4. 1
3.3
3.6
3.8
2.8
2.7
3.6
4.4
3.9
2.0
3. 0

5.6
6.7
5.9
5.9
6. 6
5.4
4.9
5.3
5.9
5.4
4. 5
4.8

4. 5
5. 1
4. 7
5. 0
5. 1
4. 4
4. 0
4.6
5. 1
4.8
4. 5
4.2

5. 4
6.4
5. 5
5.8
5.6
5. 1
5.3
6. 0
6.2
5.4
5. 1
5. 1

5. 5
6. 1
5. 3
5.7
5.9
4. 7
4. 8
5. 3
5.7
4.9
4. 6
4. 4

4. 5
5. 1
4. 7
5. 1
4.9
3. 8
3.9
4.8
5.2
3. 8
3. 7
3. 5

3. 9
3.9
3. 7
3. 9
3. 6
3. 0
3. 3
3.6
3.8
2. 4
2. 8
3.0

3. 1
2.9
2.8
3. 1
2.9
2. 4
2. 5
2. 7
2.6
1.8
2. 2
2.2

3.2
3.9
3. 3
3. 7
3.9
3. 0
2.7
3. 4
4. 1
3. 7
2.6
2.8

3.9
4.8
4.0
4. 3
' 4. 3
3. 5
3.4
4.4
5. 0
4. 2
3. 1
3. 5

4. 0
4. 7
4. 1
4.6
4. 8
3. 4
3.4
4.3
4.7
3.9
3.0
3. 2

3. 5
4.2
3.7
4. 0
4. 0
2.7
2.7
3.8
4.3
2.9
2.4
2. 5

2.9
3. 1
2.8
2.9
2.8
1.9
2.2
2.9
3. 0
1.7
1. 7
1.9

2. 2
2. 1
2. 0
2.2
2. 1
1. 4
1.6
2. 0
2. 0
1.0
1. 3
1.3

4.3
5.3
4.8
5. 0
5. 3
5.3
4. 8
4. 8
5. 1
4.9
4.4
4.3

5. 1
5.8
5. 3
6.0
6.2
5.6
5. 5
5.4
6. 5
6. 1
4.6
4.9

5.6
6.6
6.2
6. 3
6.6
6. 0
5. 3
5. 3
5. 7
5. 4
4. 3
4.6

4. 5
4.8
4.7
5. 0
5.4
5. 3
4. 3
4. 3
4.9
5. 0
4. 0
4. 1

3.9
4. 3
4. 0
4. 1
4. 3
4. 3
3.7
3.7
4. 2
5. 0
3. 5
3. 4

4. 1
4.2
3.9
3.8
4.2
4. 1
3.8
3. 7
3.9
5. 2
3.4
3. 5

1.8
2. 5
2. 1
2.4
2. 7
2. 1
1. 8
2.2
2. 8
2. 5
1. 5
1. 8

2.6
3. 6

2.2
2. 8
2. 5
2.8
3. 0
2. 1
2. 0
2.5
3. 0
2.2
1. 6
1. 7

1. 7
2. 1
1.9
2. 1
2. 1
1.4
1. 5
1.9
2. 2
1.4
1. 2
1 2

1.4
1. 7
1. 5
1.6
1. 6

3.0
2.8
3.6
4. 5
4.0
2.4
2. 8

3. 5
4. 5
4. 0
4.2
4. 4
3.3
2.9
3.5
3.9
3.2
2. 0
2. 4

1.8
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.6
2.3
2. 1
1.7
1.4
1.4
2. 0
1.6

1.6
1. 1
1.2
1.3
1. 1
1. 7
1.8
.9
.8
1. 1
1.3
1. 1

1.3
1. 0
1.2
1. 1
1. 1
1.7
1. 5
.9
.7
1.2
1.4
1.3

1.4
1. 1
1.3
1.2
1.3
2. 2
1. 5
.9
.8
1.8
1.6
1. 5

1. 5
1. 3
1. 3
1. 2
1. 3
2. 1
1. 5
1. 0
1. 1
2. 8
1.7
1.5

New hires

4. 3
5.6
4.6
4.7
5.4
3.9
3.5
4. 1
5. 0
4.3
2. 5
3.6
Total separations

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977

4. 1
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.9
4.8
4.2,
4.2
4.6
4.8
4.2
3.8

3. 7
4. 0
4. 5
4.4
4. 5
4.8
4.2
4.0
4.3
4.9
6.2
3.7
3.9

3. 1
3.6
4. 0
3.9
4.0
4.3
3. 5
3. 5
3.7
4.0
4.5

3.4
4. 1
4.6
4. 1
4.4
4.4
3.7
3.8
4.2
4.4
4.2
3. 5

1.9
2.6
2. 3
2. 5
2. 7
2. 1
1.8
2.2
2. 7
2.3
1. 4
1.7
-

1.4
1. 9
2. 1
2.0
2. 3
2. 1
1.5
1.7
2. 2
2.2
1. 1
1. 3
1.4

1. 3
1. 8
1.9
1.9
2. 1
1.9
1.3
1.6
2. 1
1.9
.9
1. 2
1.3P

1. 5
2. 3
2. 1
2. 1
2.4
2.0
1.5
1.9
2. 5
2.3
1. 0
1. 5

'

3.7
4. 3
4. 3
4. 1
4. 5
4.8
3.9
3. 8
4. 1
4.2
4.0
3. 5

3.6
4.3
4. 2
4. 3
4.6
4.6
3.7
3.9
4.4
4.4
3.9
3.4

1. 7
2. 5
2. 2
2.2
2. 6
2. 1
1.6
2.0
2. 5
2.4
1. 1
1.6

1.7
2. 5
2. 2
2.4
2. 7
2. 1
1.7
2.2
2. 7
2.6
1. 3
1. 7

3.6
4.4
4. 3
4. 1
4.6
4.4
3.8
4. 2
4. 5
4.2
3.6
3.5
Quits

O

CO CO Tt*

CM CM

1. 7
2. 5
2. 3
2.3
2.6
2. 1
1.8
2.2
2. 8
2.5
1. 3
1.8

CM CO

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970 . .
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977

1.6
1.6
.9
.9
1 0

Layoffs
1965 . .
1966
1967 . .
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973 .
1974
..
1975
1976
1977

•

1.4
1. 2
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.8
1.6
1. 1
.9
1. 5
2. 1
1.3

1.6
1. 3
1. 5
1. 5
1. 2
1. 7
1. 9
1.4
1. 0
1.7
4. 1
1.6
1.7

1.2
1. 0
1. 3
1.2
1. 0
1. 5
1.4
1. 1
.7
1. 2
2.9

1. 2
1.0
1. 5
1. 1
1. 0
1.6
1.4
1. 1
.8'
1. 1
2.5
1. 1

1. 3
1. 0
1. 3
1. 0
.9
1. 7
1.4
1. 0
. 7
.9
2. 1
1. 1

1. 1
.9
1. 1
1. 0
.9
1.5
1.2
.8
.6
.8
1.8
•9

1. 1
1.0
1. 1
. 9
.9
1. 5
1.2
1. 1
.6
.8
1.5
.9

1.9
1. 7
1.6
1.4
1. 8
2.2
1.8
1. 3
1. 5
3.6
1.9
1.8

p=preliminary.




117

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry
[Per 100 employees]
Separation-rates

Accession rates

SIC
Code

Total
Industry

Jan

1977
MANUFACTURING
19,24,25,32-39

DURABLE GOODS

20-23,26-31

MONDURABLE GOODS

Total

New hires

Feb. J a n
Feb. p J a n
1977 1977 1977 P 1977

Quits

Feb. p J a n
1977 1977

Layoffs

Feb. p Jan.
1977 1977

Feb.
1977 P

3. 7

3. 7

2. 2

2. 1

3. 9

3. 3

1. 4

1 3

1. 7

1 3

3. 6

3. 8

2. 1

1. 9

3. 7

3. 3

1. 1

1 1

1. 7

1. 4

4. 0

3. 7

2. 5

2. 3

4. 2

3. 5

1. 7

1. 5

1. 7

1. 3

DURABLE GOODS
19
192

ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES . .
Ammunition, except for small arms

1. 8
1. 4

24
242
2421
243
2431
2432
244
2441,2
249

LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general . .
Millwork, plywood and related products .
Millwork
Veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wooden boxes, shook, and crates . . .
Miscellaneous wood products

4.
3.
3.
5.

25
251
2511
2512
2515
252

FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture .
Matresses and bedsprings
Office furniture

5.
5.
5.
4.
4.
3.

2
5
3
7
2
3

4. 5

32
321
322
3221
3229
324
325
3251
326
3291

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown . .
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Brick and structural clay tile
Pottery and related products
Abrasive products

3. 7
1. 8
3. 3
2. 8
4. 1
2. 0
3. 7
4. 5
3. 9
1. 8

5 5

33
331
3312
332
3321
3322
3323
333,4
335
3351
3352
3357
336
3361
3362,9
339
3391

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnance and basic steel products
Blast furnances and steel mills
,
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
,
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries
Nonferrous metals
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum rolling and drawing
Nonferrous wire drawing, and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum castings
Other nonferrous castings
Miscellaneous primary metal products . . .
Iron and steel forgings

3.
3.
3.
2
2.
2.
3.
1
2
2
2
1
4
4
3
2
2

1
6

4. 0

34
341
342
3421,3,5
3429
343
3431,2
3433
344
3441
3443
3446,9
345
3452

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Cutlery and hand tools, incl. saws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Sanitary ware and plumbers' brass goods .
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural steel
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Architectural and misc. metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers

See footnotes at end of table.

118




7

5. 1

9

5
0
6. 3
3. 7
8. 6
8. 3
6. 0

-

_
_
_

-

3.
2.
2.
3.
4.
3.
5.
5.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3.
2.
2.

9
3
4
8
7
4

_
_
-

8
9
4
2

-

3.8

6. 1
3. 3
2.9
3.6
4. 0
4 .9
3. 2
3. 5
3. 5
1. 9
3. 9
3.3
2.6

_
_
_
-

9
8
6
0
0
3
2

9
6
9

3. 4

7

6
6
4

9

1. 0
_
_
_
_
_
-

1
1
1
1

4
3
4
4
8
4
2
1
2

9
1 0
2.3
2 5
2. 0
1. 2
1. 0
2.4
.8
2.4
2.3
2. 4
2.6
3. 3
2.0
2. 4
2.4
1. 4
2.7
2. 7
2. 0

5.
4.
3.
6.
6.
3.
7.

5
3

_
-

-

4.
5.
5.
5.
3.
3.
1.
5.
6.
4.
7.
11.
12.
4.
2.

2. 3
-

1. 4
1. 4
1. 4
1. 6
1. 4
1. 0

1. 2
-

5 0

1. 1
2
7
8

1. 0
-

4. 6
4 2
5. 3
2. 5
6 5
8 8
9 5
2 4
1. 0

3.2
-

.5

2. 2
2. 7
2 7
1 5
1 5
1 4
1 6
1 6
2.4
4
5. 3
1. 1
1. 6
1. 3
2. 0
2.3
2. 4

1. 8
-

2.2
8. 3
1. 1

_
-

3
5
7
1
3
4
8

9
6

3. 6
4. 0
4. 0
3 1
3. 1
2. 5
3 3
2. 8
3 5
1 7
6 2
2.2
3 7
3 4
4 0
3 .6
3 .8

3. 1
_
-

4.4
>
-

9.9
3, 1
3. 0
3. 1
3.9
4.6
3.3
4 .8
4.9
2.7
4. 1
3. 1
2.6

1. 7
-

6

8

9

-

2. 3
1. 5
1. 2
3. 3
3. 1
1. 2
2. 9
2. 8
1. 1

2. 5
2. 8
3. 0
2. 6
1. 5
1. 4

3
7
1

6. 5

3
•4

4. 3

9

9

2. 1
-

4. 6

4
7
7
3
6. 8
4. 6

1 9

1
1
_
-

3. 2

1. 7
7
1. 0
1. 0
9
5
2. 2
3. 1
2. 3
1. 4

7

8
7
4
3

3

5
4

1. 4
1. 3

9
•7

-

2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
1.
3.
3.
2.

3
2
0
1
3

9
6
2

6
4
1. 8
2. 5
1 5
•9
5
2
2
8
8

6
8
5

.5
.4
.4

.5
1. 3
1. 4
1. 3

.6
.6
1. 2
.4
1. 2
1. 4
1. 0
1. 4
1. 8
1. 0
1. 4
1. 3
.8
1. 5
1.4
1. 2

_
_
v-

9

.9
1. 2
1. 7
1. 9
1. 6
2. 5
2. 5
1. 2
2.0
. 5

.6

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2.

Labor turnover rates, by industry—Continued

[Per 100 employees]
Accession rates

SIC
Code

Separation rates

New hin
Industry

1977

J

1977

1977

1977

Quits

Total

Jan.
1977

Feb. Jan.
1977' 1977

Layoffs

Jan.
Feb.
1977P 1977

Feb.

DURABLE GOODS - Continued
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS - Continued

346
348
349
3494,8
35

3. 1
4. 1
3.2
2. 9

Metal stampings
Miscellaneous fabricated wire products
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings
MACHINERY. EXCEPT ELECTRICAL

351

Engines and turbines

3511

3519
352
353

Steam engines and turbines
Internal cumbustion engines, nee
Farm machinery

,

Construction and related machinery

3531,2

Construction and mining machinery

3533

Oil field machinery

3535,6

Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails
Metal working machinery

354
3541

Machine tools, metal cutting types

3545

Machine tool accessories

3542,8

Miscellaneous metal working machinery

. . . .

Special industry machinery

355
3551

Food products machinery

3552

Textile machinery

356

General industrial machinery

3561

Pumps and compressors

3562

Ball and roller bearings

3566

Power transmission equipment

357

.

Office and computing machines

3573
358

Electronic computing equipment
Service industry machines

35P5
36

Refrigeration machinery
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES

361

Electric test and distributing equipment

3611

Electric measuring instruments

3612

Transformers

3613
362

Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus

3621
3622
363

Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances

3632

Household refrigerators and freezers

3633

Household laundry equipment

3634
364

Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment

3641

Electric lamps

3642

..-Lighting fixtures

3643,4

Wiring devices

365

Radio and TV receiving equipment

366

Communication equipment

3661
3662
367

Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment . . .
Electronic components and accessories

3671-3

Electron tubes

3674,9

Other electronic components

369
3694

Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies .
Engine electrical equipment

37

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

371

Motor vehicles and equipment

3711

Motor vehicles

3712

Passenger car bodies

3713

Truck and bus bodies

3714

Motor vehicle parts and accessories

372

Aircraft and parts

3721

Aircraft

3722

Aircraft engines and engine parts

3723,9
373
3731

Other aircraft parts and equipment
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing

374

Railroad equipment

375,9

Other transportation equipment

3. 1
1.3
1.3
1.3
4. 0
4.2
5. 9
2.6
2.4
3. 1
2. 0
1.8
2.7
2.2
2. 7
1. 7
2. 2
2. 4
1.4
1.9
2. 5
2.6
4.2
5. 0

2.8
4.8
3. 5
2. 5

1.8
2.9
2. 3
2. 2
2.8

1.8
.7
. 5
.8
2.2
1. 5
1.2
2. 0
2. 1
2. 2
1.4
1. 4
1.8
1. 5
1. 5
1. 0
1.6
1. 6
1. 0
1. 4
2. 0
2. 1
2.2
2. 3

1.7

2.8
1. 5
1.9
1.2
2.7
4.9
6.2
4.6
3. 1
2.6
1.4
1.9
3. 3
2. 5
2.3
3. 6
2.0
2.0
1.4
2. 1
2.3
2. 3
3. 0
3.3

0.8
1.9
1.2
1. 1
2.5

.9
.4
.4
.4
.9
.9
.6
1. 5
.8
1. 1
.7
.8
.9
1. 0
.8
.7
.4
.7
1.0
1. 0

1.2
1.8
1.6
.7
0.8

1.2
.4
.4
.4
.9
3. 5
5. 1
2.3
1.6
.9
.2
.3
1.9
1. 0
.8
1.8
.6
.6
.4
.8
.6
.6
1. 1
1.2

3. 0
2.9
2.3
4.3
2. 5
2.8
2.7
3. 1
5.6
12.4
4. 1
3.1
3.3
1. 7
3.3
3. 9
3.8
2. 0
1.8
2. 1
3. 1
3. 0
3. 1
2.2
2. 1

1.8
1.8
1.7
2. 1
1.7
1. 7
1.6
2.0
2.9
6. 0
1. 5
1. 7
1.9
1. 0
1. 9
2. 4
.9
1. 1
.8
1.3
2. 3
2. 0
2. 3
1. 5
1.2

2.9
2.9
2.0
3.8
3.1
2.6
2.0
3.5
4.2
3. 5
1.8
5.9
3.0
1.6
3.7
3. 0
5.3
1. 7
.9
2. 1
3. 0
2. 5
3. 1
3. 0
2.9

0
1
1
4
0
1
0
2
2
1
5
1. 6
1. 1
. 5
1. 3
1. 1
9
. 7
4
8
1. 4
9
1. 4
1. 0
8

1. 0
.8
.3
1.2
1. 1
.8
.5
1. 1
1. 5
.9
. 5
2.8
1. 0
.2
1.4
.9
3.3
.5
.1
.7
.8
.7

3. 7
2. 5
2.2
1.2
3.9
2.5
2.4
2. 0
2.8
2.8
6.5
6.7
3.4
11.8

1.9
1.2
.8
.6
2.9
1.2
1.2
1. 1
.7
2. 0
3.7
3.2
1. 1
6.6

3.6
2. 5
3. 0
1.2
2.6
2. 1
2.2
1.9
2.6
2.5
7.2
6.9
5.2
8.7

9
5
# 5
4
1. 0
5
5
5
3
# 8
1. 7
1. 4
4
3. 2

1. 7
1. 1
1. 7

1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.

1. 0

1. 1
1. 2

1

1. 0
8
8
9
6
1. 0
4. 3
4. 3
3. 4
3. 2

See footnotes at end of table.




119

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2.

Labor turnover rates, by industry—Continued

[Per 100 employees]
Accession rates
SIC
Code

Separation rates

Total

Industry

Jan.
1977

Layoffs

Quits

Feb
1977 P 1977

1977

2. 5
1.8
3.4
2.8
4.4
2. 6
3. 3
1. 0
3.6

2.7

1.8
1. 5
2.4
2.3
2.7
2. 1
2.4
.7
2. 3

2.0

6.3
3. 3
11.2
16. 8
5.8
3.2
5.7
4.7

5. 0

3. 0
2.4
3.4
3.3
3.6
2. 3
3. 5
2.8

4. 6
5. 6
4.4
9.0
3. 0
2.3
3.7
2. 3
2.2
3. 0
5.9
7. 3
4.2
4. 5

4. 1

2.6
4. 0
2.2
7. 7
2.3
1.8
3. 1
1.7
1.8
1.3
2.4
2.9
2.2
.9

Feb..-P Jan.
1977 1977

Feb.,.P Jan.
1977 1977

2.6
2.2
2.6
2. 1
3.4
3. 0
3.3
1. 1
5.6

2.4

1. 1
.9
1. 1
1. 1
1.2
1.4
1.4
. 5
1.9

1. 1

2.8

5. 2
5.4
6. 1
8. 0
4.4
4.3
6.4
4. 3

4. 1

2. 0
2. 5
2. 1
2.2
2. 1
1. 5
2.7
1.6

1. 7

2. 3
2. 1
2.8
4.6
1.2
1. 5
2.7
2.0

1. 5

2.4

5.9
6. 1
4.4
9.7
3. 5
3.4
3. 5
4.2
3.3
8.7
8.2
9.1
6.0
7.2

4.2

1.9
2.8
1.3
6. 1
1. 5
1.0
2.3
1.3
1.3
.9
1.8
2.3
1.7
.5

1. 7

3.2
2.4
2.4
2. 5
1.2
1.6
. 5
2.3
1. 3
6.9
5.6
6. 1
3. 1
6.2

1.9

1

Jan.
1977

Feb.^P
1977

DURABLE GOODS - Continued
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS

38
381

Engineering and scientific instruments

382

Mechanical measuring and control devices

3821

Mechanical measuring devices

3822

Automatic temperature controls

383,5

Optical and ophthalmic goods

384

Medical instruments and supplies

386

Photographic equipment and supplies

387

Watches, clocks, and watchcases

39

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

391

Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware

394

Toys and sporting goods
Games, toys, dolls and play vehicles

3941-3

3949

Sporting and athletic goods, nee

395

Pens, pencils, office and art supplies

396
393,9

Other manufacturing industries

Costume jewelry and notions

0.7
•8
.5
.2
1.0

0.6

1.2
. 1
2.6

NONDURABLE GOODS
20

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS

201

Meat products

2011

Meat packing plants

2015

Poultry dressing plants

204

Grain mill products

2041

Flour and other grain mill products

2042

Prepared feeds for animals and fowls

205

Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products

2051
2052

Cookies and crackers

207

Confectionery and related products

2071

Confectionery products
Beverages

208

Malt liquors

2082

TOBACCO MANUFACTURES

21
211

Cigarettes

212

Cigars

22
221
222
223
224
225

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills

2251
2252
2254

Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit underware mills

226
227
228
229

Textile finishing, except wool
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS

23
231

Men's and boys' suits and coats

232

Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear

2321

Men's and boys' separate trousers

2327

Men's and boys' work clothing

2328

Women's and children's undergarments

234
2341

Women's and children's underware

2342

Corsets and allied garments
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS

26
261,2,6

Paper and pulp mills

263

Paperboard mills

See footnotes at end of table.

120




.5
.2
2.3

1. 1
.6
3.4

4. 1
1. 0
3.2

. 5
.2
1.4

2. 9
.1
1.4

4. 3
3.4
3. 6
5. 0
4. 1
5. 6
3. 9
4. 0
4. 5
3. 1
4. 1
4.7
3.4

3.8

3. 1
2. 5
2.8
3.6
2. 9
3.8
3. 0
3. 4
3.8
2. 1
2.7
3.8
2.2

2.8

4.3
3. 7
3.8
3.2
4.0
5.4
6.8
3. 5
5. 5
3.2
4.4
4.6
3. 6

3.8

2.2
2.2
2. 3
1.9
2. 1
2.2
2. 5
2.4
2.4
1.4
1.8
3. 0
1.4

2. 1

1. 1
. 4
.6
.5
1.0
2.2
3.7
. 5
2. 0
1.2
1.8
.6
1.2

.8

6. 0
4. 4
5. 3
4. 1
3.8
6.3
5. 1
5.9
2.6

5.7

3.4
2.3
3. 5
2.7
3. 1
5. 0
3. 1
3. 5
1.7

3.3

5.9
4.2
5.8
4. 5
4.0
5. 5
5.8
6.3
4.4

5. 1

2. 5
1.5
3.2
2.7
3.0
4.3
2.9
3.4
1.4

2.3

2. 5
1.9
1.9
1. 0
. 5
.4
2. 1
2. 1
2. 1

2. 1

2. 5
1.2
2. 3

2. 5

1.5
.7
.9

1.4

3. 0
1.8
2.3

2.4

1. 0
.6
.8

.8

1. 3
.7
1. 0

1.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry—Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Separation rates

Accession rates
SIC
Code

Layoffs
Industry

Jan.
1977

"FeTfJT Tan.
1977 1 1977

Jan. I Feb. Jan.
Feb. J a r u F e b
1977P 1977 1977P 1977 1977 P 1977

1977b

NONDURABLE GOODS-Continued

PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS-Continued
264
2643
265
2651,2
2653

Miscellaneous converted paper p r o d u c t s
Bags, e x c e p t

textile

....

bags

Paperboard containers a n d boxes
Folding a n d setup paperboard boxes
Corrugated a n d solid fiber boxes

....

.......

27

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING

28
281
282
2821
2823,4
283
2834
284
2841
2844
285
286,9

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS .
Industrial chemicals
Plastics materials arid synthetics . . .
Plastics materials and resins
Synthetic fibers
.
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Tiolet preparations
Paints and allied products ,
Other chemica! products

29
291
295,9

PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS ....

30
301
302,3,6
307
31
311
314

2. 1
2. 5
1. 8
1. 8
1. 5

3. 3
2. 9

3. 1
3.7
2. 2
2. 9

2. 2

2. 0

2.9

2. 5

1.4

1. 9

1.2
1. 0
.7

1.2

1.8
1.4
2. 2

1. 5

1. 3

2.8
1.4
3. 6
2. 2
2. 1

1. 3
1.4
2.4
2. 3
2. 9
1.8
2. 6

1. 5
1. 4
i. 9

1. 1

4.2

2.8
1. 0
2. 0
3.8

3. 0

7. 2
7. 6
6. 3

5. 9

3. 7
2. 7
3.8

3. 6

2.4
2.2
1.9

1.8

1.4
.7

1. 3

1.9
1.9

1. 4

1.4
1. 4

1. 1

1. 6

RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS. NEC
Tires and inner tubes
Other rubber products
Miscellaneous plastics products

4.
1.
3.
6.

LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber

3. 2
1. 5

. 9

.6
1. 3
1. 4
1. 4
.8
1. 5
1. 5
1. 5

5
7
1
0

1. 5
1. 1
1.8
2.8
1.4

1. 2
1.6
1. 2
1. 3
.9

4. 0
5.4
3. 0

2. 6

2.2
1. 6
4. 0

Petroleum refining
Other petroleum and coal products

3. 4

3. 5 I

1. 3

. 9

0. 8

. 6
. 4
. 5
. 4
. 5
. 6
. 7
.9
.6
1. 0
.8
.8

. 5

. 5
.4
. 7
1. 0
. 6
. 2
.2
. 8
.9
. 9
. 3

. 5

. 6
. 4

. 5

2. 5
1. 5
5,8

1. 6

3.8
1. 3
3. 7
4.8

3. 7

1.8
. 4
1.6
2. 3

6. 1

5. 3

3. 0
1. 4
3. 3

2. 7
2.8
2. 4

2. 0

1. 1
. 4
.7

1.4
1.3

1.3

. 6
. 6

1. 1
1. 3
. 5
3.8

. 5

1.8

1. 2
.2
1. 1
1. 6

1. 0

Z.I

2.0
2. 4
1. 7

1.7

1. 2

4. 8
6.2

NONMANUFACTURING
10
101
102

METAL MINING

11,12
12

COALMINING
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

Iron ores . . . .
Copper ores . .

.7
. 7
1. 0
. 6

. 1
. I

. 1

COMMUNICATION:
481
482

Less than 0.05.
2

.5
(*)

Telephone communication . . . . . .
Telegraph c o m m u n i c a t i o n 2

Data relate to all employees except messengers.




.2
(*)

. 1
(*)

p = preliminary.
*=not available.

121

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED LABOR TURNOVER
D 3. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing,1965 to date, seasonally adjusted
[Per 100 employees]
Jan.

Year

Feb.

Mar.

April

May

i

June

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

4. 3
5.0
4. 3
4.7
4.5
3. 9
4.4
4.7
4. 1
3.9
3.8

4.5
5.0
4.4
4.6
4.7
3.9
4.0
4.4
4.6
3.9
3.8
3.6

4.4
4.9
4.4
4.8
4.6
3.8
3.9
4.5
4.8
3.6
3.7
3. 5

4. 7
4.7
4.5
4.9
4.5
3. 7
4.0
4.5
4. 9
3. 1
3.7
3.8

4. 9
4.7
4.6
4.9
4.6
3.8
4. 2
4.9
4.7
3. 1
3.9
4. 0

3. 1
3.7
3. 1
3.5
3.5
2.7
2.6
3.2
3.7
3. 1
2.3
2.5

3. 1
3.7
3.3
3.6
3.7
2.6
2.6
3.4
3.6
2.9
2.2
2.4

3.3
3.9
3.3
3.6
3.6
2.5
2.5
3.4
3. 8
2.6
2.2
2. 3

3.5
3.7
3.4
3.6
3.5
2.4
2, 7
3.6
3.9
2.2
2.2
2. 4

3.7
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.5
2.4
2. 9
3. 8
3. 8
1.9
2.5
2. 5

3.9
4.9
4.5
4.6
4.8
4.5
4.2
4.4
4.7
4.5
3,9
3.9

4.4
4.8
4.3
4.7
4.9
4.8
4.6
4. 1
4.6
4.5
3.8
4.0

4. 1
4.6
4.5
4.7
4.9
4.8
4.3
4.0
4.5
4.5
3.9
4. 1

4. 3
4.6
4.5
4.6
5. 0
5.0
4. 1
4.2
4.7
4.9
3.8
4. 0

4. 3
4.8
4.4
4.6
4,9
4,7
4. 1
4.2
4.7
5. 1
3.8
3.. 6

4.5
4.9
4.5
4.6
4,9
4.4
4. 1
4.5
4.7
4.9
3.6
3. 6

1.8
2.6
2.2
2.5
2.7
2.1
1.8
2.2
2.8
2.4
1.4
1.7

1.9
2.6
2.2
2.6
2.7
2.0
1.8
2.2
2.7
2.3
1.4
1.7

2.0
2.6
2.3
2.6
2.7
2.0
1.8
2.2
2.6
2. 1
1.3
1.6

2.0
2.6
2.3
2.5
2.7
1.9
1.8
2.3
2.8
2.0
1.4
1. 5

2. 1
2.6
2.3
2.6
2.6
1. 8
1.9
2.4
2.8
1.8
1.6
1. 5

2. 2
2. 7
2.4
2.6
2.6
1.9
1.9
2.6
2.7
1,6
1.6
1. 7

J A
L.5
L.4
L.3
L.I
L.6
L.5
L.3
L. 1
L.2
]L.7
A

1.7
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.9
2.0
1.1
.9
1.3
1.6
1. 4

L.4
L.O
L.3
L.2
L.2
L.9

1.4
1. 1
1.3
1.2
1.3
2.2
1.5
1.0
.9
2.0
1.7
1. 6

1.4
1.2
1.2
1. 1
1.3
2o0
1.4
.9
.9
2.4
1.5
1. 3

1.4
1.3
1.2
1. 1
1.4
1.7
1.3
.9
1,0
2.4
1.3
1. 1

July

Total accessions
1965
1966
1967
1968

4 1
4.9
4.5
4.4
4.9
4.4
3. 8
4. 3
5.0
4.6
3. 1
4. 1
4.0

1970
1971
ig72
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977

4. 2
5.0
4.4
4.4
4.8
4.4
3.7
4. 3
5. 1
4.5
3.2

4. 3
5.3
4. 3
4.6
4.9
4.0
3.7
4.4
5.0
4.5
3.2
4.4

4. 1
5. 1
4. 3
4.6
4.9
4.0
3.8
4. 3
4. 8
4.6
3.7
4. 1

4. 1
5.0
4.4
4.6
4. 7
4. 1
3.8
4.4
4.7
4.6
3.6
4.0

4.2
4.9
4.5
4.5
5.0
4, 1
3.8
4.2
4.6
4.3
3.7
3.8

4. 2
4.9
4.4
4.5
4.7
4. 1
3.8
4, 3
4,6
4.3
4.0
3.8

New hires
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973...
1974
1975
1976
1977

,

2.9
3.7
3.4
3. 3
3.7
3.4
2.4
3.0
4.0
3.7
1.6
2.6
2. 7

3.0
3.8
3.4
3.3
3. 8
3.2
2.4
3.0
4.2
3.6
1.6
2.8
2.9P

3.1
4. 1
3.2
3,4
3.9
2.9
2.4
3. 1
4. 1
3.6
1.5
3.0

2.9
4.0
3. 1
3.5
3. 8
2.8
2.5
3.2
3.9
3. 6
1.7
2.8

2.9
4.0
3.1
3.5
3.7
2.7
2.5
3.2
3.9
3.5
1.8
2.7

3.0
3.9
3.3
3.4
3.9
2.8
2.5
3. 1
3. 8
3. 3
1.9
2.7

3.8
4.3
4.8
4.7
4.6
5.0
4.3
4.2
4.5
4.9
5.2
3.5
3. 9

3.8
4.3
4.9
4.6
4.9
5.2
4. 1
4. 1
4.6
4.9
5.0
3.6
4. 0 p

3.8
4.5
4.9
4.5
4.9
4.9
4.0
4.0
4.6
4.8
4.5
3. 8

4.0
4.5
4.7
4,5
4.8
5.2
4. 1
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.4
3.8

4.0
4.6
4.6
4.4
4.8
5.0
4.2
4.2
4.6
4.6
4.6
3.8

4.0
4.7
4.6
4.5
5.0
4.8
4. 1
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.3
3.9

3.0
3. 8
3.2
3.4
. 3.6
2. 8
2.6
3.2
3.7
3. 3
2.3
2.5

Total separations
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977

Quits
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977

1.7
2.3
2.5
2.4
2.7
2.5
1.8
2.1
2.7
2.7
1.4
1.6
1.8

1.7
2.3
2.5
2.4
2.8
2.5
1,7
2. 1
2.9
? 7
L.3

1.7
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.8
2. 3
1.7
2. 1
2.8
2.7
1.2
1.8

1.8
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.8
2.3
1.7
2.2
2.8
2.7
1.2
1.8

1.8
2.6
2.3
2.4
2.7
2. 1
1.8
2.2
2.7
2.6
1.3
1.7

1.8
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.7
2. 1
1. 8
2.2
2,7
2,5
1.3
1.8
Layoffs

1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977

,

p=preliminary.

122




1.4
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.0
1.5
1.7
1.2
.8
1.3
2.9
1. 1
1. 3

L.4
L. 1
L.5
L.3
]L . I
]L . 7
1.2
.7
1.2
2.9
1. 0
1.3*

1.4
1. 1
1.6
1.2
1.1
1.8
1.5
1.1
.8
1. 1
2.6
1. 1

1.5
1. 1
1.5
1.2
1.0
1.9
1.5
1.2
.8
1.0
2.4

1.4
1.1
1.4
1.2
1. 1
1.9
1.6
1. 1
.8
1.1
2.5
1. 3

1.4
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.9
1.5
1.4
.8
1.2
2.2
1. 3

•7

1.0
.9
1.5
1.8
1.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas
[ Per 100 employees ]
Separation rates
Quits

Accession rates
Total
State and area

Layoffs

Dec.
1976

J a n . -P
1977

Dec.
1976

J . P
1977

Dec.
1976

Jan. F
1977

Dec.
1976

Jan. F
1977

Dec.
1976

Jan.
I977F

1.3
4.1

2.0
8.9

0.6
1.1

0.9
1.2

2.0
10.2

3.0

0.6
1.3

0.6
1.6

0.8
8.4

1.7
6.5

ALASKA

8.9

(*)

4.8

(*)

18.7

(*)

4.6

(*)

12.9

2.7
2.8

3.6
3.7

2.1
2.2

2.9
3.0

2.8
2.6

3.6
3.3

1.4
1.2

1.8
1.7

.7
.6

1-1

ARIZONA
Phoenix
ARKANSAS2
Fort Smith2
Little Rock-North Little Rock2
Pine Bluff 2

3.5
2.9
3.1
5.6

6.5
13.6
5.0

5.0
12.1
4.1

5.0
5.2
5.6
2.8

5.2
6.6
3.8
4.2

2.3
2.3
1.9
2.1

3. 1
4.0
2.4
2.8

2.0
1.8
3.0

4.9

2.6
1.7
2.5
5.0

1.2
1.7
.7
.7

COLORADO
Denver-Boulder

2.9
2.3

3.9
3.8

2.0
2.0

2.6
3.0

4.1
3.5

3.1
2.7

1.6
1.4

1.6
1.6

1.5
.9

CONNECTICUT
Hartford

1.9
1.7

2.8
(*)

1.2
.7

1.6
(*)

2.6
1.8

2.9
(*)

.7
.4

1.0
(*)

1.3

.9
(*)

Wilmington

1.2
1.3

1.7
1.7

.4
.4

,6

2.3
2.2

2.9
4. 1

.5
.4

.6
.5

1.2
1.1

1.3
2.7

1.0

(*)

.7

(*)

1.2

(*)

.5

(*)

.3

2.1
2.4
1.5
1.6
1.3
.9
2.1
1.4

.9
.3
.9
.4
.5
.2
2.3
.3
.6

ALABAMA:
Birmingham .
Mobile1 . . .

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA:
Washington SMSA

3.6

( * ) •

.4

.9

FLORIDA
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood . .
Jacksonville
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton . . .

3.5
3.4
2.0
2.6
3.9
1.4
3.4
2.0

4.7
4.4
2.9
4.3
3.9
3.4
4.2
10.1

2.4
2.9
1.6
2.2
2.1
.8
2.2
1.5

3.9
4.0
2.2
3.8
3.3
1.4
2.8
2.3

3.4
3.6
2.8
2.2
2.3
.9
5.0
1.8

3.9

3.1
3.5
4.3
2.2

1.7
2.2
1.2
1.4
1.2
.4
1.7
1.1

GEORGIA . .

2.1
1.8

3.4
2.9

1.5
1.2

2.4
1.8

2.7
2.2

3.9
3.2

1.4
.9

2.0
1.2

2.6

2.3

.9

1.2

2.7

2.2

.7

1.0

3.7

4.8

2.1

3.9

6.1

5.1

2.0

2.5

(*)

3.3

(*)

2.2

(*)

3.0

(*)

1.3

(*)

.7
1.9
1.7

Atlanta
HAWAII4

. .

IDAHO5

6

ILLINOIS:
Chicago SMSA
INDIANA

1.6
1.6

2.9
2.1

IOWA
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines

2.2
2.0
3.4

(*)
(*)
(*)

KANSAS*
Topeka2
Wichita

2.9
2.6
2.5

4.0
3.0
3.2

3.4
3.2

.7
.5

.9
.6

1.5
.7
2.2

(*)
(*)
(*)

2.9
2.7
3.0

(*)
(*)
(*)

1.1
.7
1.5

(*)
(*)
(*)

1.3
1.4

(*)
(*)
(*)

2.2
1.4
2.3

3.0
1.9
2.7

3.3
2.0
3.1

4.2

1.6
.8
1.2

2.1
1.0
2.0

.9
.2

1.2

3.2
2.3

.9
.5

1.0
.4

1. 1

(*)

1.2

(*)

2. 1

(*)

2.5
1.4

2.9
1.4

2.0
1.5

2.1
2.0

2.0
1.9

3.3
2.6

1.2
.6

1.7
.9

LOUISIANA:
New Orleans

2.1

(*)

1.4

(*)

4.3

MARYLAND2
Baltimore2

1.8
1.7

2.7
2.5

MASSACHUSETTS
Boston

2.2
1.9

3.6
2.9

MICHIGAN
Detroit
,
Flint
Grand Rapids
Lansing—East Lansing

1.4
1.2
.8
2.1

2.9
2.7
1.4
4.6
3.6

.6

1.9

2.7
2.2

2.1
1.4

5.9
2.8

3.3

.2

1.4
1.1

KENTUCKY
Louisville

3.9
2.4

1.6

1.0.
1. 1

1.5
.9

2.5
1.9

MAINE
2
Portland

.7

1.3
.6
.5
1.0
2.2
1.5
.1

1.1
1.4

3.6
2.2

5.6
3.4

5.3
3.5

2.0
1.4

1.4
1.2

3.2
3.0

3.3
3.1

.6
.6

1.5
1.4

2.1
1.9

3.3
2.9

3.2
2.7

.9

1.2
1.0

1.8
1.3

1.1
1.0

.5
.4
.3
.8
.2

1.3
1.4
.7
2.0

2.1
2.3
1.4
3.3
1.9

2.4
2.4
1.6
4.7
4.7

.4
.5
.2
.6
.3

.6
.7
.3

1.0
1.0
.3
1.8

.9
.8
.4
3.0

2.5
1.8

.7

2.Q

See footnotes at end of table.




123

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4.

Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas—Continued

[Per 100 employees]
Accession rates
New hires

Total

MINNESOTA

Dec.
1976
(*)
(*)

2

Jan.
1977?
3 4
3.1

Dec.

Jan.
1977P

(*)

2 0
2. 0

Dec.
1976
(*)
(*)

1976
(* \

Separation rates
Quits

Total

Jan.
1977P
3 2
2.7

Dec.
1976
(*)

Layoffs

Jan.
1977 P
1. 3
1. 2

Dec.

1976

Jan.
1977P

(*)

1 4
1. 0

.q

6

1. 3

1. 4

5
1. 3

1. 5

(* 1

MISSISSIPPI:
Q

3 0

Q

8

2 9

3 0

13

1.

2. 4
2
1. 7

3.2
3 7
2.7

1. 4
1 5

1. 9
2 3
1. 3

2.9
2 3
2.4

3.4
2 9
3.2

1.1
1 1
.6

1. 3
1. 4
9

MONTANA

2 •3

2 8

7

7

3 3

2 2

1 2

1 1

1

NEBRASKA

2 f,

1 2

1
MISSOURI

NEW HAMPSHIRE

.

9
7

3 9

2 0

3 0

3 5

3 9

1 7

2. 0

1. 1

c;

4 3

5 5

3

Q

5 4

4 0

3 0

2. 2

1. 0

7

2 /\

3 3

1 7

2 4

2 7

3 2

1 4

1.

7

8

1
2
1
1
1.
2.
1

3 5
3 3
4 2
3 2
4.9
4. 1
2 5

1. 0
1.

1
2 4
1
2. 0

3. 9

3. 0
?, 4

3.8
4.4
2. 6

3. 1
3. 8
4. 6
4.2
3.8
4.6
2.4

.5
.9
.7
.6
.7
1.0
.6

1. 1

7
7

4.5
4.8
4.9

2,
?
1
1
1
?.

1.4
4.4
5.3
5.6
6.1
2.4
1.6
2.5
2.2

4.3
3.0
2.9
4.3
2.8
1.8
4.5
5.4
5.6
6.0
2.3
2.5
5.7
2.9

.7
.4

0

3.6
2. 1
2 2
2 1
2 6
1. 5

3.8
3.7

NEVADA
2

1. 0

NEW JERSEY:

NEW YORK

2.
1,
1.
1,
2,
1,
2,
2.
2.
2,
1
1
1
1

Buffalo

10

Nassau-Suffolk
New York and Nassau-Suffolk
New York SMSA l 0
New York City 11

Westchester County

l l

NORTH CAROLINA

NORTH DAKOTA

OHIO 2
Akron 2

Columbus2
Toledo

2

.

.

0

7
5
1
?

1
f,
7
1

f,
1. 1
1. 1
1. 4

9

1.

9

1, 9
1 1
1 , f>

7

1,
1 1

q

q

1.

?
2. 6

3.0

7. 8
3.3

3.9

2. 1
2.6
2. 1
10.4

1

5. 1
2 0

8
4

2.3
2.6
3.2

1. q
1.
1. 4
1.
8
7
8
1. 0

1 q
2 ?,
(*)

3.6
4.6
(*)

1.
1. 9
(*)

2 q
3 5
(*)

2.8
3.3
(*)

2 8
3 1

2.2
2.7

2.
1. q

1 7
1 8

4.4

1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2

2.7
1.7
3.8
2.5
2.6
2.3
2.2
2.5
3.0

P

5
0

?,
4
S
S
1
4

7
9
8

6
8
6
?,

5

6

.6

q

1.

7

6. 4

q

2. 0

1. 0
1. 5

2. 5
2. 8
1. 5

q
5
1. 0

.3
.4
.4

1. 1
1.0
1.0
1.0
.4

2. 7
1. 0

1.
1.
1.
1.

8
6
7
?.
1
1
7
7

2. 6

9
1. 4
1 . ?,
9. 1
6
2. 6
3. 7
4. 0
4. 4
1. 6

1,
1.
3.
2.

4
4
3
4
1. 7
2. 4
1 0

2.
1.
1
3
1

3
5
2
0

6
1
3
3.
3.
1

9
3

6

.7

8

1. 4
1. 0

9
0
8
4 0
1 4

1.4

(*)

1.6
(*)

2. 2
2. 4
(< )

8
1. 0
(*)

8
4
(*)

2.6
2.4

1. 7
2. 5

1. 4

13.0

6.8
6.4

9. 4

4 4
3 4

1 0
.6
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.0
1.2
1. 0
.3

2.6
1.6
3.3
2.3
2.3
2.2
1.3
2.5
4.2

3.2
2.1
3.5
3.1
2.5
2.1
2.3
2.2
5.6

?
?
4
1

.6
.6

.5
.3
.6
.6
.7
.6
.5
.3
.1

9

6
5
5
7
8
6
6
5
.2

1. 5

9

#

2. 1
1. 4
#

9

1. 1
# 3
1. 7
3. 4

1.8
1 .2
2 .3
1 .7
.8

.9
.6
1.0
4. 1

OKLAHOMA 2
Oklahoma City 2
Tulsa 2 12

3 3
3 ,0
3 ?

5.2
5.0
4.4

2, 6
?. 3
2 6

4.4
4.1
3, 7

3.7

4.6
4.7
4. 1

2.2
2.3
2.0

3, 0

7

.7

3.9
3.4

2. 9
2. 7

9
6

.6
.6

OREGON l
Portland l

3 ?
3 1

4. 1

2
2

3, 1
.0

4.3
3.9

4.3
4.1

1.5
1.3

1, 8
1. 6

2. 2
2. 0

1.6
1.6

PENNSYLVANIA2

2 ,4
1 ,6
2
1, s
1 6
2 ,4

3.8
3.7

1. 3
1. 1
1 8
1 0
1, q
1 .?.
2 .0

4.0

4.4
3.4
4.6
3.8
4.5
5.1
3.3

.5
.4
1. 1
.4
.7
.6
.8

7
8
1, 3
6
9
6
1 1

2.
2.
2.
1.

9
9

2 .9
2.1
1.9
2 .3
3.0
3.5
1. 5

Erie 2

Lancaster
See footnotes at end of table.

124




i .6

4.2

5 8
3.9
3.3
3.3
2.9

1

8
7
1.0
7
7

,5
1 .2

3.8
4. 1
2.9
2.1
2.9
1.9

5

9
8
1, 4
6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas—Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Separation rates
Quits

Accession rates
State and area

Dec.
1976

Total

New hires

Total

Jan.
1977 P

Dec.
1976

Jan.
1977 P

Dec.
1976

0.6

.9

1.4
1.4
.7
2.1
2.0
1.4
1.4
1.9

2.9
4.0
2.7
5.8
7.6
1.7
5.2

Layoffs

Dec.
1976

Jan.
1977 p

Dec.
1976

Jan.
1977 p

4.7
3.5
5.3
4.3
4.4
5.2
2.1
3.4

0.4
.5
.3
.8
.5
.4
.4

0.7
.8
.2
1.0
1.2

5.7
1.7
3.2
1.3
5.0

.6

6.4
.9

.9

.7
1.0

2.9
1.7
4.3
2.6
2.3
3.6
1.0

3.8

1.9

Jan.
1977 p

PENNSYLVANIA—Continued
Northeast Pennsylvania2
Philadelphia SMSA2
Pittsburgh2
Reading2
Scranton2 13 . . .
Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton 2 n
Williamsport2
York 2

2.9
1.7
3.3
2.0
2.8
3.3
2.1
1.5

5.9
2.8
3.8
3.4
5.3

RHODE ISLAND
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket

3.6
4.6

5.5
5.2

2.5
3.7

3.4

4.9
4.5

5.6
5.3

1.9
2.2

2.6
2.6

2.2
1.5

1.9
1.7

SOUTH CAROLINA:
Greenville-Spartanburg6

2.1

3.5

1.8

3.1

2.7

3.9

1.7

2.4

.2

.4

SOUTH DAKOTA
Sioux Falls

3.5

3.8
3.9

2.4

3.0

4.5

1.7

1.9

1.4

1.2

2.6

5.0

3.6
3. 1

1.8

2.9

1.3

1.4

2.8

1.2

TENNESSEE:
Memphis

1.9

4.1

1.1

2.3

4.7

3.5

1.1

1.2

2.8

1.4

TEXAS:
Dallas-Fort Worth 2
Houston a . .
San Antonio 2

2.7
2.2
2.1

4.3
4.0
3.3

2.4
2.0
1.8

3.7

3.6

2.8
3.0
2.7

3.9
4.7
3.8

1.7
1.7
1.5

2.5
2.5
2.0

.4
.5
.5

1.2
1.1

3.8
3.4

5.3
4.8

3.0
2.9

4.1
4.0

3.9

6.4
4.0

2. 1

3.5

3.0
2.6

1.0
.4

2.3
.4

2.4
1.7
1.9

5.7
2.8
3.4

1. 1
.9
.9

2.2
1.9
1.9

4.9
1.7
1.7

3.3
2.5
2.6

.9

1.0
.5

3.5

.9
.9

1.7
1.6
1.4

1.4

3.2
1.3

1.1

.6

2.1
1.1

2.6
1.4

3.2
2.1

.9
.6

1.3

.9

.6

1.1
.2

1.2
1.0

WASHINGTON:
Seattle-Everett14

2.3

4.2

1.1

2.1

2.7

3.8

.8

1.1

1.4

2.1

WISCONSIN
Milwaukee

1.8
1.7

(*)
(*)

1.0
1.0

(*)
(*)

2.7
2.2

(*)

.6
.6

(*)
(*)

1.4
.8

(*)
(*)

WYOMING

4.5

4.4

3.7

3.8

5.2

5.0

2.8

3.0

1. 1

.8

UTAH Z 5
...
Salt Lake City- Ogden
VERMONT
Burlington
Springfield
2

VIRGINIA
Richmond2

2

5

6.3
2.5
3.8

.9
.4
1.3
1.1
.4
.8

6.7

3.6

3.0

1

1

2

12

Excludes canning and preserving.
Based on 1972 Standard Industrial Classification; not strictly comparable with
previously published data.
3
Excludes agricultural chemicals, and miscellaneous manufacturing.
4
Excludes canned fruits, vegetables, preserves, jams, and jellies.
5
Excludes canning and preserving, and sugar.
6
Based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification.
7
Excludes canning and preserving, and newspapers.
8
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
9
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
1
° Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.




2.1

.4
.4

.6

.6

'

Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Excludes new-hire rate for transportation equipment.
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
14
Excludes canning and preserving, printing and publishing,
preliminary.
* Not available.
13

SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

125

STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force

Percent of
aborforce

Number

State and area

JAN. r
1977

FEB.
1977P

FEBt
1976

JAN,
1977 r

FEB.
1977P

106,3
25,4
9,2
9,7
5.3
3.4

98,4
25,9
8,1
10,9
4,2
2,5

107,4
26,1
9,9
11,8
5.5
2.8

7.3

6.7

7,3
7.8
6,1
5.2
6.5

7,3
6,6
6.7
4.2
5.0

7.3
7.3
8.1
7.1

144,6

13.9

18,2

20,3

9.5

12.8

14.0

945.5
552,2
181,0

949,2
554,0
182.2

110.0
67.0
17.0

79,9
44,5
13,1

77.9
42.7
13.0

11.5
12.0
9.4

8.4
8.1
7.3

8.2
7.7
7.1

836.1
63.1
73.3
160.8
32.6

841,4
64,4
74,7
164,3
31,5

864.9
65.4
76.6

71.9

69,2
4,3

64.4
3.7

8.6
7.7

8,2
6,7

7.4
5.6

166.7
32.8

4.9
7.1
8.7
2.8

6,3
9,8
2,1

5.3
8.8
2.3

9.7
5.4
8.5

6,4
6,0
6.7

6.6
5.3
7.0

9*524.5
799.2
143.0
210.6
3*258.9
113.0
171.9
487.9
375.5
102.0
649.1
1*501.8
561.0
121.9
99.1
133.4
101,3

9*692,9
838,6
140,6
226,3
3*297.3
113.9
174.9
486,1
393.4
104.6
655.0
1*508.1
560.4
127.8
101.6
137.0
107.5

9*700.0
839.4
144.1
220.4
3*295.3
116.6
177.7
485,4
397.1
105.5
655.9
1*505.2
563.2
128,3
102,1
135,6
107.0

1*014.2
55.0
13.6
23.5
324,7
21.5
16.1
53.7
38.0
11.9
63.8
167.9
53,1
11.2
12.8
16.2
7,9

659,6
43,4
12,5
22.7
265.8
16.5
13.9
46.7
33,9
10,9
73.2
141.1
38.3
11.7
10.8
17.0
9.2

831.0
42.7
12.5
20.1
257,1
18.0
13.0
43.9
32.6
10.3
71.7
139,3
39.5

10,6
6.9
9.7
11.2
10.0
19.0
10.5
11.0
10.1
11.7
12.9
11.2

8.9
5.2
8,9
10,0
8.1
14.5
7.9
9.6

8.6
5.1

1*155.7
687.4

1*186.4
tl5.4

1*205.4
721.8

73.1
43.4

1*457.6
165.5
344.8
71,4
194.4
104.3
107.2

1*458.1
181.0
343.8
70.9
194.6
107.4
104.3

1*451.0
179.7
344,2
69,7
193.2
106.2
104,9

153.8
22.6
31.6
8,6

20,6
8,0
13,0

254.6
227.7

259,7
N,A,

261,3
N,A,

24,2
19,8

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington SMSA !

330.5
1*423,6

327,0
1*436.5

329,9
1*445.2

FLORIDA
Fort Lauderdale—Hollywood
Jacksonville
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
TamDa St Petersburah
West Palm Beach—Boca Raton

3*546.5
352.6
294,8
688.4
273,6
104,6
546.3
202,2

3*549,9
353.9
298,1
669.0
277.8
109.3
550,8
203,0

2*172.1
867.7
114.1
83.7
99.7
79.9

2*162,1
685,1
116,1
81.6
97.6
60.9

JAN.
1977r

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
1976

1*446.7
346.8
118.7
156,2
101.7
51.5

1*459.9
355.9
119.6
164.1
100.1
49.9

1*474.2
355,6
120.9
166.1
101.7
50,6

146.6

141.8

953.2
560.2
182.1

FEB.
1976
ALABAMA
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
ALASKA

. .

>

ARIZONA
Phoenix

ARKANSAS
Fayetteville—Springdale
Fort Smith 1 . . .
Little Rock—North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

.

CALIFORNIA
Anaheim—Santa Ana—Garden Grove
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles—Long Beach
Modesto
Oxnard—Simi Valley—Ventura
Riverside—San Bernardino—Ontario
Sacramento
Sal i nas—Seaside—Monterey
San D iego
San Francisco—Oakland
San Jose
..
Santa Barbara—Santa Maria—Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

....

....

COLORADO
Denver—Boulder
CONNECTICUT

. . . .

Bridgeport
Hartford
....
New Britain
New Haven—West Haven
Stamford
Waterbury
DELAWARE
Wilmington

GEORGIA
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus1
Macon
Savannah

J

....

See footnotes at end of table.

126




.

..

8.6

10.4
11.2

5.4
5.5

8.7
9.1
7.8

15.4
7.3
9.0
8.2
9.8

10.9
9.3
7.0
7.6
9.7
U.l
7.5

9.5
9.2

9.4
6.8
9.2

15.1
8.0

12.9
13.6
7.8

10.6
12.4
8.6

69,3
41.4

79.9
46.7

6.3

5.8

6,3

5.8

135,7
17.9
29,4

131,6
17.2
29.6

10,5
12,2
9,2

9.3
9.9
6.5

7,3

6.8

20,5
7,5
10,5

19,3
7,1
10,8

12,1
10,7
7.7
12,1

10.3
10.5
7.0
10.1

10.0
6.6
10.3

23,5

31,1

9.5

N,A,

N.A,

8.7

9.1
N.A.

11.9
N.A.

30,4
79,6

26,1
65,3

28,5
71.2

9.2
5,6

8.0
4.5

8.6
4.9

3*568.3
358.7
298.4
668.1
277.5
110.1
552.7
207.7

371,2
46,9
19,5
74,0
30.6

275,9
32,9
18,3
50,5
22.7

289,7
35,8
18,1
54.7
21,4

10,5
13.9

6.7

6,1

5.5

6,4

60.2
24,0

45,9
16,5

44.6
20.2

11.0
11.9

7.8
9.3
6.2
7.5
8.2
5.6
8.3
6.1

2*174.7
887.9
117,6
81,8
96,3
61,1

197.3
79.8
10,2

156,5
60,1

161.0
61.6

8,2
5,5
8,5
5.7

9.6
5.7
8,8
6,2

9.1
9,2
9,0
8.7
9.5
9.4

7.2
6.6
7.1
6.8
8.7
7.0

7.3
9,4
7.5

9.7
9.9

6,6

10.8
11.2

6.6
6.5
9.1
9.5
8.6
9.7

8.1

10.0
6.1
8.2
7.7
5.0
8.1
9.7
7.4
6.9
8.2
7.0
6.9
7.6

STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Percent of
Number

State and area

labor force

FEB.
1976

JAN,

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977

FEB
1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN
1977

FEB.
1977P

HAWAII
Honolulu

394.4
315.7

392.6
314.2

393.6
315.9

38.7
29.4

34.5
26.6

32.5
24.8

9.8
9.3

8.8
8.5

8.2
7.8

IDAHO
Boise City

344.0
67.7

366.9
73.7

364.1
73.2

25.0
3.4

28.9
4.5

28.7
4.0

7.3
5.0

7.9
6.1

7.9
5.5

4*988.4

5*059,3
56.9
74.2
3*200.3

5*078.6
57.2
75.2
3*213.3

328.1
2.7
3.5

173.2
58.9
166.2
128.2

59.1
166.8

393.2
2.8
3.7
252.2
'9.4
5.3
9.4

346.7
3.0
4.0
193.1
9.7
5.6
10.5
9.2
7.3

7.9
4.8
4.9
8.0
5.6
9.1
5.6
10.1
6.5

6.5
4.7
4.7
5.6
5.1
8.6
5.7
6.7
7.4

6.8
5.3
5.3
6.0
5.6
9.4
6.3
7.1
8.1

172.2
N.A

8.0
6.4
7.5
7.5
8.0
8.7
6.5
6.9

6.3
N.A
5.5
6.9
6.5
5.8
6

7.1
N.A.
5.6
7.8
7.0
9.0
6.3
6.9

4
4.4
4
6.4
N.A
5.

4.7
4.2
4.6
5.8
N.A.
5.1

ILLINOIS
Bloomington—Normal

57.5
75.7
3*161.1
170.1

Champaign—Urbana—Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline 1

58.3
166.7
132.5

Decatur
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
INDIANA
Evansville *

Indianapolis
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City *
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
KANSAS
Topeka
Wichita
KENTUCKY
Lexington—Fayette

Louisville l

89.9

5.8

2,383.2
130.9

2*397.8
N.A*

2*409.4
N.A.

169.9
8.4

175.7
273.4
549.3
55.1
131.6
74.3

4.8
6.6
5.2

1*291.0
77.4
160.5
40.5
N.A.
60.3

65.9
3.7
8.1
2.4
3.0
3.9

62.9
3.4
7.8
2.6
N.A
3.0

61.<
2.
N.A
3.

5.2
4.8
5.1
6.0
5.3
6.5

173.2

273.9
550.8
56.4

132.6
75.0

84.6

187.9

192.4

1*087.9
84,6
192.7

50.5
5.1
11.4

51.8
4.4
11.2

50.
4.
10.

4.8
6.0
6.1

4.
5.
5.

4.6
4.6
5.5

1*413.0
141.2
389.3

1*409.8
149.2
381.8

1*441.0
151.7
384.2

103.5

89.3
5.2
25."

102.
5.

7.3
4.2
8.1

6.
3.
6

7.1
3.9
6,8

113.1
12.

116,
12
5.
4,

6.9
4.
7.
8.
7.2
7.E

7.
6.
8.
8.
8.
7.

7.8
6.8
8.5
8,4
8.1
6.8

10.
10.
9.

10,
8,
9,

10.3
8.6
9.5

7.
8.

7,
8.

7.7
8.9

11.
10.
12.
11.
14.
12.
14.
11.
11.

8
7,
8
9
10
8
11
7
7

7.6
6.9
8.5
9.4
9.7
8,0
10.5
6.8
6.3

11,
9.
11
11
10
10

9
7

8.7
7.0
8.7
8.3
8.4
8.7

N.A.
60.1

452.3
36.2
82.5

465.1
37.0
65.0

MARYLAND
Baltimore

1*852.0
943.1

MASSACHUSETTS

2*749.5

433.6

137.7

Boston
Brockton
Fall River1
l

Lawrence—Haverhill
Lowell

1

New Bedford
Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke 1

MICHIGAN

270.8
3*919.2

Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Bay City
Detroit

1*345.2
77.3
73.9
131.8
105.3
80.1
188.2

Worcester

,

Flint

38.4
5.1
8.3
5.

1*072.7

48.1

,

9.7!
21.4!

1*058.8
84.8

59.3

MAINE
Lewiston—Auburn
Portland

13.0
20.4
44.2

1*264.8
77.4
161.4
40.7

1*494.6
189.5
61.2

Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

151.9

1*277.2
76.7
160.0
40.4
55.9
60.4

1*448.0
183.2

Baton Rouge
Lake Charles

185.6
8.8
5.1
9.5
8.6
6.7
N.A.
9.6
18.8
35.8
3.2
7.8
4.6

1*478.4
187.8
61.4
47.7
441.2
139.3

LOUISIANA

13,3

90.0

75.8

IOWA

128.9

88.7

174.5
271.4
549.9
55.3
132.4

Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond—East Chicago

174.3

125.4
63.2
51.0
1*850.5
215

6.0
31.6
100.6
8.9
4.7
4.0

5.:

26.

31.7
10.7

4.
35.
10.

468.9
37.5
86.3

49.2
3.8
7.6

48.
3.
7.

48

1*877.1
951.1

1*892.9
960.3

139.3
78.2

132,
77.

145
85

2*690.5
1*306.5
76.4

2*687.8

316.9

214.
95.
6.
6.
13.
9.
3

204 .8
90 • 3
,5
.7

18,
12.

16 • 0
11 . 6

364,
9,

34C • 6

71.4
124.6

103.7
77.8
260.9

164.3
4*014.0
131.7
80.8

51.4
1*892.2

215.2

47.6
442.9
140.7

1*300.0
77.2
71.3
124.9
104.0
77.7

143.4
9.4

6.3
19.5
13.1
11.9

265.2
183.0

29.9

4*001.9
132.8
80.8

432.7
11.5
9.5
5.8
198.8
23.2

51.2
1*677.7
214.6

21.0

7i

4,
166,
18,

36,

12

.4
.1

•3
•0
.3
15 . 9
.6

See footnotes at end of table.




127

STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
Unemployment
Labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

FEB.
1976
MICHIGAN—Continued
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Ka la ma zoo—Portage . ,
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon-Norton Shores-Muskegon Heights
Saginaw
„

JAN.
1977

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
1976

FEB.
1977P

JAN.
1977*

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977r

18.4
6.0

9.1
11.0
8.4
10.5
11,8
9.2

7*0
9.3
7.}
7.5
10.2
7.0

6.6
9.2
6.8
7.1
9.2
6.8

263.6
66*5
124.7
209.8
74.0
95.2

278.2
65.0
129.5
218.3
75,3
97.0

278.0
65.0
129.5
219,5
74.9
96.6

24.0
7.3
10.5
22.0
8.7
8.8

19.4
6.1
9.2
16.3
7.7
6.6

• 803.6
N.A.
985.3

1.807.7
N.A,
995.2

It822.5
N.A.
1,002.7

130.3
N.A.
73.3

122.9
N.A.
63.6

U3.3
N.A.
63.1

7.2
N.A.
7.4

6.0
N.A.
6.4

6.8
N.A.
6.3

912.6
126,5

937.3
133.9

949.0
135.4

65.9
6.4

61.9
6.7

64.0
7.0

7.2
5.0

6,6
5.0

6.7
5.2

21092.1
597.2
*3*7
l»029.2
90.7

2tlll.6
596.6
45.2
1*018.0
93.7

2*112.7
595.6
45.2
1*024.0
92.5

153.0
44.3
2.9
83.5

137.8
37.6
2.9
75.4
4,7

7.3
7.4
6.6
8.1
6.1

7,2
6.7
7.9
6.1
5.8

6.5
6.3

5.6

152.9
39.9
3,6
82.1
5.4

MONTANA . .
Billings . . .
Great Falls

321.9
47.2
32.1

N.A.
N.A.
N.A*

N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

24.3
2.5
2,3

N.A,
N.A.
N.A.

N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

7.6
5.4
7.1

N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

NEBRASKA .
Lincoln . . .
Omahal ..

691.4
98,6
249.8

707.6
N.A.
N.A.

712.3
N.A.
N.A.

31.4
i 3.7
16.0

26.0
N.A.
N.A.

26.4
N.A.
N.A.

4.5
3.8
6.4

3.7
N.A.
N.A.

3.7
N.A.
N.A.

NEVADA
Las Vegas . . .
Reno

290.8
160.1
79.6

303.9
166.5
85.1

305.8
167.0
86.1

31.4
17.8
7.2

28.0
16.3
6.4

26.4
15.2
6.2

10.8

9.0

9.2
9.8
7.5

8.6

11,1

NEW HAMPSHIRE .
Manchester

369.2
62.6

382.2
63.2

N.A,
N.A.

29.4
5.4

23.9
4,4

N.A.
N.A.

8,0
8.6

6.2
6.9

N.A.
N.A.

3f247.2
72.8
260.4
197.8
908.9
283.0
202.0
149.9
54.7

N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A,

N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A,
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

374,4
12.2
36.9
21.2
101,4
31.7
27.7
12,7
8,0

N.A,
N.A.
N.A,
N,A,
N.A.
N.A.
N.A,
N.A*

N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

11.5
16.7
14.9
10,7
11.2
11,2
13.7
8.4
14,6

N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A,
| N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

N.A,
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A*
N.A,
N.A.
N.A,
N.A.

450.1
167.3

460.6
173.7

462.9
173.2

46,4
17.4

43.7
16.9

43.7
16.7

10,3
10,4

9.5
9.7

9.4
9.7

7*637.0

7»539.1
347.0
131.3
557.5
40.7
1*094.4
3*559.4
95.1
446.0
283.4
134.4

7*560.1
349.4
131.0
557.1
40.6
1*100,2
3*560.3
96.0
447.1
285.0
134.9

844.7
30.3
11.1
73,4
4,2
106,1
417,7
7,3

768.6
30.2
11.1
57.2
5.0
103,8

783.9|
32.2
10.9
61.9
5.0
106.4
361.9

11.1

10.2
8,7
8.5
10.3
12.2
9.5

10.4
9.2
3.3
11.1
12.2
9,7
10.2
7.1

MINNESOTA
Duluth—Superior . .
Minneapoiis-St. Paul
MISSISSIPPI
Jackson .
MISSOURI
Kansas City1
St. Joseph
St.Louis1
Springfield

NEW JERSEY
,
Atlantic City
Jersey City
Long Branch—Asbury Park .
,
Newark
New Brunswick—Perth Amboy—Sayreville .
Paterson—Clifton—Passaic
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
NEW MEXICO .
Albuquerque
NEW YORK
Albany-Schenectady-^Troy
Binghamton1
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York .
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
NORTH CAROLINA
Asheville
Charlotte- Gastonia
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Raleigh—Durham
NORTH DAKOTA ..
Fargo-Moorhead 1
See footnotes at end of table.

128




I
..|
|
I

351.7
128.3
566.4
41.0
092.9
637.9
97.4
449.0
264.0
135.1
2ib29.1
77.6
307.3
366.8
246.8
257.3|
61.7

8.8
15.5
6.9
6.6

40,9
29.9

367.4
6.4
36.4
27,7

16.1

16.0

6.81
39.2!
28.6

16.7

8,6
8.7

13.0
10,2
9.7
11.5
7.5
9.1
10.5
11.9

157,7

11,6

174,0
4,8
15,3
24,2
9.9

14.4
21.6
9.1

6.8
7.1
6.5
6.1
4.7

12,1
2.1

N,A«
N.A.

N.A
N.A

4,7
3,4

2*470.3
76.1
306.7
390.0
248.0

2*459.4
75.6
306.3
387.5
247.9

172,7
5.5

N.A.
N.A.

N.A.
N.A.

19.9
23,6

4.9

10.3
6.7
8.2
9.8

6.5
7.4
5.1

9.1
7.2

8.8

11.9

10.0
12.4

7.0
6.3
5.0
6.2
4.0

6,4
6.5
4.7
5.6
3.7

N.A,
N.A.

N.A.
N.A,

STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E 1

Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force

Percent of

Number

State and area

labor force

FEB.
1976

JAN,

FEB.
1977P

49680.2
268.0
176.0
563.4
883.3
497.7
355.7
344.6
232.1

4*687.7
290.2
176.2
579.9
881.6
503.4
363.9
350.4
229.6

4,694.2
286.1
175,8
582,3
860.4
503.5
362,5
354,2
228.1

449.3
30.5
18,5
56.1
72.2
41.0
29.9
32,6
30,0

385.2
24.0
17.2
51,8
61.1
36.0
27.3
27.4
23.3

401,0
23.5
17,6
52*9
61.9
38,0
24,2
30,6
23,4

Itl41.4
338.4
275.0

1*158.2
344.9
280.9

1*167.8
348.2
282,3

75.5
21.6
16.7

62,3
17.8
14,6

1*044.0
109,8
508.0
91.3

1*065.0
111.0
521.1
95.9

1*069.3
111.8
522.6
97,4

120.8
14.0
50.7
9,9

5t073
296
55
122
209
104
160
273
2*023
981
146
49
152

5*036.6
N.A.
56.9
119.3
207.0
106.9
158.4
270.9
1*997.7
973.6
144.3
49.9
156,1

5*045.2
N.A*
56.9
119,4
207.1
105,7
160,0
271.0
2*008.4
967.1
145.3
50.1
156.6

425.7
431.1

429,7
437.8

1*215.1
133.4
155,4
244.1

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977 •

JAN,
1977r

FEB.
1977P

9.6
10.6
10,5
9.6
8,2
8.2
8.4
9.5
12,9

8*2
8.3
9.7
8,9
6.9
7.1
7,5
7.8
10.1

8,5
8,2
10.0
9,1
7,0
7,6
6.7
8,6
10,2

61,5
17.4
14.5

6,6
6,4
6,1

5.4
5.2
5,2

5,3
5,0
5.1

107.0
U.5
45,1
10.0

106.5
11,5
45.1
9,6

1K6
12.7
10.0
10,9

10.0
10,3
8.7
10*4

10,0
10,3
6,6
9.9

457.1
25,2
4.6
13.1
14.0
8,2
10.6
30.5
184,7
68.1
9.8
5.3
12,0

435.7
N.A.
4.6
10.2
12.1
8.8
9.1
29.6
175.8
90.4
9,6
5,2
11,2

459.7
N,A,
4,8
10.9
12,3
10.7
10.2
28.9
185.8
97»9
10,1
5,4
12,2

9,0
8,5
8,3
10,7
6,7
7,8
6.6
11.2
9.1
9.0
6.7
10.7
7.9

8.7
N.A.
8,0
8,5
5.9
8,2
5,8
11,0
8,6
9*3
6,6
10,4
7.2

9.1
N.A.
8.4
9.1
5.9
10.1
6.3
10.7
9.2
10.1
6,9
10,8
7.8

432,6
441.0

42,3
42.2

36,4
36,3

36,3
36,2

9.9
9.8

8,5
8.3

8.4
8,2

1*216.9
136.2
155.4
241.4

1*231.4
137.4
158.2
243.3

97,3
11.0
10,7
17.3

77,9
8,4
7.9
13,0

82.5
8.8
8,6
13,3

8.0
6.2
6,9
7.1

6.4
6.2
5.1
5,4

6.7
6,4
5.4
5.5

304.0
52.3

287.9
52.6

288.0
51,7

13.0
2.1

14,4
2,3

13,0
1.9

4.3
4.0

5.0
4,4

4,5
3.6

1*803.1
176.8
191,9
354.7
340.8

1*803.4
175.9
191.1
349,8
353,4

1*803.7
175,2
190.8
351.5
352,3

131.6
10,6
11.7
24.2
21.7

124.5
10,6
9,5
21,9
16.7

120,1
10.5
10,0
23,2
17.5

7.3
6,1
6.1
6.8
6.4

6,9
6,0
5.0
6.3
5,3

6.7
6,0
5.3
6.6
5.0

5*378.4
78.4
190*1
155.3
125.4
It232.5
156.7
80.8
1*100.4
69.0
375*9
72a
55.7

5*534.9
81.4
192,4
158,0
128.0
1*254.3
158.7
86,8
1*195,0
94,0
377.1
73.3
56.3

5*555.0
81.9
192.5
158.7
128,0
1*263.7
156,9
87.0
1*196.8
94.3
376.7
73,4
56,4

328.3
3.1
9.3
11,6
10.2
64.6
15.3
5.0
60*1
3.8
30,9
4.9
3,1

308.1
2.8
9.7
12.3
9.7
51.3
20.0
6.8
64.8
3.3
24.0
4.0
2,4

305.1
2.8
8.4
11*7
9,6
51.7
19.4
6,6
62,8
3,3
25,6
3.8
2.4

6.1
4,0
4.9
7.5
8.1
5,2
9,8
6,2
5,5
4.3
8,a
6.6
5,6

5.6
3,5
5.0
7.6
7.6
4a
12.6
7.8
5.4
3*6
6.4
5,4
4.2

5.5
3,4
4.4
7.4
7.5
4,1
12,2
7.6
5.2
3.4
6.8

UTAH
Salt Lake City- Ogden

490.7

509,2
3396(

513,9

34,9
22,4

31*9
20.2

32.3
19,8

7,1
6,8

6.3
5,9

VERMONT

2H.2J

214.9J

216.7

21.7

19,2

19.4 | 10.1

OHIO
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati 1
Cleveland
Columbus . . .
Dayton

Toledo *
Youngstown- Warren
OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City
Tuisa
OREGON
Eugene—Springfield
Portland1
Salem
PENNSYLVANIA
Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton!
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg
Johnstown
Lancaster

,

Northeast Pennsylvania
1

Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading

Williamsport
York
RHODE ISLAND
Providence-Warwick—Pa wtucket
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston—North Charleston
Columbia

..

Greenville-Spattanbui-g
SOUTH DAKOTA
Sioux Falls
TENNESSEE . . . . . .
Chattanooga x
Knoxville
Memphis 1
Nashvilfe—Davidson

..........

TEXAS
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur -Orange
Corpus Christ!
Daifai-Fort Worth
El Paso . . . .

,

. ...

GaSveston-Texas City
Houston

,

Lubbock
San Antonio
Waco
Wichita Falls

,

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
1976

sa
4,3
6.3

8,9

See footnotes at end of table.




129

STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1.

Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force

Percent of

Number

labor force

State and area

JAN.
1977r

FEB.
1977P

FEB.
1976

JAN.
1977r

FEB.
1977P

FEB»
1976

JAN.
1977r

FEB.
1977P

2t256.3
67.2
147.1
295.9
294.6
107.9

2*282,1
67.1
154,0
299.9
302.2
106.7

2t304.6
67.9
155.7
301.0
304.3
109.4

149.9
4.5
10.3
21.7
14.0
8.0

141.0
3.2
10.8
20.7
13.9
6.5

158,5
3,5
11,9
21,6
15,7
8,6

6,6
6.7
7,0
7.3
4.7
7.4

6.2
4.7
7.0
6.9
4.6
6,1

5.2
7.6
7,2
5,2
7.9

1.531.5
677.9
125.2
152.2

1*554.2
698.0
124.1
151.4

It573.5
709,9
126.1
151.7

153.4
67.1
11.4
16.5

138.4
58,2
9.8
14,1

140,3
58,8
10,7
13,8

10,0
9.9
9,1
10,9

8,9
8,3
7.9
9.3

8,9
8,3
8,5
9,1

675.1
110.0
111.1
63.9
76.2

669.0
108.7
114.2
62.5
77.2

680.0
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

60.9
7.5
9.0
7.7
6.8

59.3
6.3
8.5
5.9
7,4

79,3
N.A,
N.A.
N.A,
N.A.

9,0
6,8
8,1
12,1
9,0

8.9
5.8
7,4
9.5
9.6

11,7
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A,

2*119.6
135.7
81.7
56.4
41.4
165.0
674.6
87.3

2tl59.3
136.6
83.9
62.0
41.6
168.8
681.1
86.9

2*166.5
137.6
84.7
56.5
42.2
171.2
680.4
87.6

161.0
9.2
5.9
9.4

137,7
7.5
4,9
7,7
2.5
7.0
40,2
6,1

7,6
6,8
7,3
16.7
7.2
4.6
7.7
8.6

6.2
5,6
5.9
6.8
6.1
4.2
6.1
5,4

6,4

7.5
51.9
7.5

134.4
8.0
5.0
4,2
2.5
7.1
41,5
4,7

5,5
5,8
13,6
5,9
4,1
5.9
7,0

160.6

171.8

173.0

8,2

8,7

8.3

5.1

5,1

4,8

FEB.
1976

VIRGINIA
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth 1
Richmond
Roanoke
WASHINGTON
Seattle—Everett
/Spokane

Tacoma
WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston
Huntington—Ashland'
Parkersburg—Marietta*

. . . .

. . .

Wheeling1
WISCONSIN
Appleton—Oshkosh
Green Bay
Kenosha

. .

1 a Cross*?
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine

WYOMING
1

Includes interstate portion of Area located in adjacent State(s).

N O T E : A l l data are subject t o revision as new benchmark information becomes available.
Estimates have been benchmark t o 1976 Current Population Survey annual averages. Data refer
t o place of residence.

3.0

6.9

p=preliminary.
r=revised
N.A.=not available.
SOURCE: Cooperating State Employment Security Agencies listed o n inside back cover.

Labor force and unemployment estimates f o r counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared f o r administration o f various
Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered f r o m the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department o f Commerce,
5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 2 2 1 6 1 . When ordering please, specify " C E T A Area Employment and Unemployment, JanuaryDecember

1976 (NTISUB/C/143-77/002),

"States and County Employment and Unemployment January-December 1 9 7 6 " ( N T I S U B / C /

144-77/002) or "Unemployment Rates f o r States and Identifiable Local Governments, Fourth Quarter, 1 9 7 6 " (PB264036). Tabulations are
available at $12.50 per set for printed copies of CETA Areas, $28.75 f o r States and Counties, $5.50 for Identifiable Local Governments, or
$3.00 per set f o r microfiche copies of each publication.

!3O




UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA
Revised F-1. Insured unemployment under State programs
[Week including the 12th of the month]
Rate (percent of average covered
employment)

Number (in thousands)
State

TOTAL2'3
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED . . .

Feb.
1976

Feb.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977

3, 737. 0

3, 582.4

3, 744. 3

7.3

161. 9

5. 7

5.4

5. 6

2, 835.4

2, 710. 2

2, 851.9

16. 6

141. 7

4.3

4. 1

4. 3

5. 7
11.4
4. 2
7. 4

6.0
12. 9
4. 2

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Change from 1

Feb.
1977

Jan.
1977

...

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa

0
3
5
7

11. 2
3. 7
-8. 0
2. 7

0.2

4. 9
12. 2
5. 5

-5.2

6. 1

3 84.3
24.6
71.0
10. 1

365. 1
30. 8
170. 7
16. 5

-76. 8

-19.2

5.4

6.2

6. 7
3.4

-12. 3
7.4

-0.4
6.3

14.6
113. 0
60.6
18. 1

10.
92.
57.
13.

2
7
5
8

11. 8
92. 8
61. 8
13. 1

-2.9
-20.2
1. 7
-5. 0

14. 7
266. 8
63.4
37. 5

15.9
199. 6
55.3
33. 7

15. 5
218. 1
73. 0
34. 9

0. 7
-48. 7

44. 8
12. 6
33.4
32. 0

53. 1
14. 5
25.2
39. 9

441. 9
25.4
83. 0
9. 0

56.
16.
25.
34.

9. 6

-2. 6

2.9
1. 8

6. 5

6. 9
4.3

5.6
3. 2
6.0
4. 9

3. 9
6. 0
7. 9

1. 5
0. 1
4.3
-0. 8

4. 0
4. 3
4. 3
5. 7

2. 9
3. 6
4. 1
4. 3

4. 4
4. 1

-0. 5
18.5
17. 7
1. 2

6. 8
7. 0
3. 8
4. 6

7. 0
3. 4
4. 1

5
5
1
0

4. 0
6. 1
4. 7
8. 9

3. 7
6. 3
4. 9

5.4

5.4

3.3
3.6

6. 8
5. 8
4. 5
4.3

23. 7
54.4
52. 7
24. 1

2.4
7. 5
10. 7
1. 6

-1.6
2. 1
-1.9

3.
5.
4.
8.

1
7
5
6

70.4
113.6
194.2
70. 1

14.3
-23.4
-12. 6
- 2. 0

14.4
-3. 1
-9.3
0.4

4. 9
7. 0
7. 4
5.2

4. 9
6. 1
7. 0
5. 0

6.2
5. 9
6. 6

22.4
78. 5
13.2
19. 9

23. 5
81. 1
14. 9
14.3

25. 0
76.9
13. 6
15.2

2. 6
-1. 6
0. 4
-4. 8

1. 5
-1.2
0.9

4. 2
5. 5
7. 6
4. 6

4. 3
5. 6
7. 3
3. 2

4. 5
5. 3
6. 7
3.4

15. 0
12. 1
172. 6
14.2

14.2
9. 8
169. 8
13.7

13.3
9. 7
177. 2
13. 7

-1. 7
-2. 3
4. 7
-0. 5

7. 0
4. 8
7. 7
5.4

6. 3
3. 8
7.6
4. 9

5.9

0. 0
7.4
0.0

365. 1
71.9
7. 1
158. 5

352. 1
90.5
9. 1
159. 5

377. 3
77. 7
9.4
190. 8

12. 2
5.9
2. 2
32. 2

25.2
-12. 8
0. 2
31. 3

6.3

6.2

6. 7

4.3
5. 0
4. 2

5.3

4.6

6. 1

4. 3

6.2
5. 1

28.8
55.4
273. 3
61.3

27.2
53.8
285.5
72.4

25.9
53. 1
330.7
68.4

-2.9
-2.3
57.4
7. 1

-1.2
-0.8
45. 1
-4. 0

4. 1
7. 3
7. 2
12.8

3. 7
6.9
7. 6
14. 1

3. 5
6.8
8. 8
14. 0

Rhode Island
South Carolina
^outh Dakota
Tennessee

24.6
38.4
6.2
64.3

25. 6
34.9
6.0
89. 1

24. 4
37.2
7. 2
77.9

-0.2
-1. 2
1. 0
13.6

-1. 2
2.3
1. 1
-11.2

7.9
4.8
4. 1
5.2

8. 1
4. 3
3.8
7. 1

7. 7
4.6
4. 5
•6.2

Texas
Utah

70.4
18.2
9.9
36.2

67.8
17.0
9.9
35.5

72.9
18. 2
9.7
55. 1

2.5
0. 0
-0.2
18.9

5. 1
1. 2
-0. 2
19.6

1.9
5. 4
7.6
2.6

1.8
4.9
7.4
2.3

1.9
5.2
7. 3
3.6

92.3
28.9
100. 1
3.4

86. 1
29.2
84. 3
3.4

85.7
50.2
85. 0
3. 5

-6. 5
21.3
-15. 1
0. 1

-0.4
21. 0
0. 7
0. 1

9.3
6.3
6.3
3. 2

8.4
5.9
5. 5
3. 0

8.4
10.2
5.6
3. 1

Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Puerto Rico

Vermont
Virginia

21. 3
46. 9
42. 0
22. 6
56.0
137. 0
206. 8
72. 1

25.3
52. 8
50.6
26.0
56.
116.
203.
69.

1 Based on unrounded data; changes of less than 50 not shown.

1.6

4.2

0.9

8.3

5. 0

3. 8
7. 9
4. 9

3 Figures do not include claimants receiving benefits under extended benefit provisions.

2 Include data under the program for Puerto Rico's sugarcane workers. Rates exclude the
sugarcane workers as comparable covered employment data are not yet available.




131

UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA
F-1. Insured unemployment under State programs
[Week including the 12th of the month]
Rate (percent of average covered
employment)

Number (in thousands)

March
1976
TOTAL 2 - 3

Feb.
1977

March
1977

Change from

March
1976

Feb.
1977

March
1976

Feb.
1977

March
1977
5.0

3,484.6

3,744.3

3,311.0

-173.7

-433.3

5.3

5.6

2,733.1

2,851.9

2,605.0

-128.0

-246.9

4. 1

4.3

3.9

43.2
12.8
33.6
28.8

56.0
16.3
25.5
34.7

44.3
16.4
24.4
28.2

1.1
3.6
-9.3
-0.6

-11.7
0.1
-1.1
-6.5

4.7
12.4
5.5
5.5

6.0
12.9
4.2
6.5

4.7
13.0
4.0
5.2

California .
Colorado . .
Connecticut
Delaware . .

420.7
22.6
75.9
8.7

365.1
30.8
70.7
16.5

376.7
28.5
67.1
9.7

-44.0
5.9
-8.9
1.0

11.6
-2.3
-3.6
-6.8

6.4
3.0
6.3
4.1

5.4
3.9
6.0
7.9

5.5
3.7
5.7
4.7

District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii

13.2
106.8
56.5
19.5

11.8
92.8
61.8
13.1

13.9
88.5
46.7
12.9

0.8
-18.3
-9.8
-6.6

2.2
-4.3
-15.0
-0.2

3.7
4.1
4.0
6.2

3.3
3.6
4.4
4. 1

3.9
3.4
3.3
4.0

Idaho .
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa .

13.3
229.7
55.4
36.5

15.5
218.1
73.0
34.9

13.7
239.5
48.4
30.8

0.4
9.9
-7.0
-5.7

-1.7
21.4
-24.7
-4. 1

6.1
6.0
3.4
4.4

6.8
5.8
4.5
4.3

6.1
6.4
2.9
3.8

Kansas
Kentucky . . .
Louisiana . . .
Maine

18.6
43.5
39.0
21.0

23.7
54.4
52.7
24.1

19.8
41.4
48.7
23.1

1.2
-2.2
9.7
2.1

-3.9
-13.0
-4.1
-1.0

3.1
5.1
3.8
7.4

3.7
6.3
4.9
8.3

3.1
4.8
4.5
7.9

Maryland . . .
Massachusetts
Michigan . . . .
Minnesota . . .

55.1
132.3
196.4
70.6

70.4
113.6
194.2
70.1

54.9
108.5
178.6
65.7

-0.2
-23.8
-17.8
-5.0

-15.5
-5.1
-15.6
-4.4

4.8
6.7
7.0
5. 1

6.2
5.9
6.6
5.0

4.8
5.6
6.1
4.7

21.0
66.4
13.0
16.9

25.0
76.9
13.6
15.2

21.8
67. 1
12.3
13.6

0.8
0.7
-0.7
-3.3

-3.2
-9.8
-1.3
-1.5

3.9
4.6
7.5

4.5
5.3
6.7
3.4

4.0
4.7
6.0
3.1

Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey . . .
New Mexico . .

14.2
11.1
164.7
14.1

13.3
9.7
177.2
13.7

12.5
8.7
157.2
12.8

-1.8
-2.3
-7.5
-1.3

-0.8
-1.0
-20.0
-0.8

4.4
7.3
5.4

6.6

5.9
3.8
7.9
4.9

5.5
3.4
7.0
4.6

New York
North Carolina .
North Dakota .
Ohio

351.2
66.3
7.0
134.8

377.3
77.7
9.4
190.8

326.5
68.0
9.6
134.7

-24.7
1.7
2.6
-0.1

-50.8
-9.7
0.3
-56.1

6.1
4.0
4.9
3.6

6.7
4.6
6.2
5.1

5.8
4.0
6.4
3.6

Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania . .
Puerto Rico 2 .

27.5
52.6
263.3
57.3

25.9
53.1
330.7
68.4

23.5
50.9
257.8
60.6

-4.0
-1.7
-5.5
3.3

-2.5
-2.1
-72.9
-7.8

3.9
6.9
6.9
11.9

3.5
6.8
8.8
14.0

3.2
6.5
6.9
12.7

Rhode Island . .
South Carolina .
South Dakota .
Tennessee . . . .

22.4
32.9
5. 1
59.4

24.4
37.2
7.2
77.9

23.2
27.1
6.5
56.5

0.8
-5.8
1.4
-2.9

-1.2
-10.0
-0.7
-21.4

7.2
4.1
3.4
4.8

7.7
4.6
4.5
6.2

7.3
3.3
4.1
4.5

Texas
Utah . . . . " . . .
Vermont
Virginia

69.4
17.3
9.8
36.3

72.9
18.2
9.7
55.1

65.1
17.0
9.2
43.5

-4.3
-0.3
-0.6
7.2

-7.8
-1.2
-0.5
-11.6

K9
5.1
7.5
2.7

1.9
5.2
7.3
3.6

1.7
4.9
6.9
2.9

Washington .
West Virgina
Wisconsin . .
Wyoming . .

87.7
23.9
81.6
3.5

85.7
50.2
85.0
3.5

81.5
26.7
83.2
3.4

-6.2
2.9
1.6
-0.1

-4.2
-23.5
-1.8
-0#2

8.9
5.2
5.2
3.3

8.4
10.2
5.6
3.1

8.0
5.4
5.5
3.0

SEASONALLY ADJUSTED .
Alabama .
Alaska . .
Arizona .
Arkansas .

..
..
..
..

Mississippi
Missouri .
Montana .
Nebraska

..
..
..
..

1 Based on unrounded data; changes of less than 50 not shown.
2 Include data under the program for Puerto Rico's sugarcane workers. Rates exclude the
sugarcane workers as comparable covered employment data are not yet available.

132




3.9

3 Figures do not include claimants receiving benefits under extended benefit provisions.

UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA
F-2. Insured unemployment1 in 150 major labor areas2
i l n thousands, for week including the 12th of the month]

Mar.
1976

State and area

Mar.
1977

ALABAMA

State and area

Mar.
1976

Mar.
1977

State and area

INDIANA-

Birmingham
Mobile

10.5

9.9

4.5

5.6

Atlantic City
Jersey City

East Chicago . . . .

19.4

14.8

Indianapolis
South Bend

ARKANSAS
Little R o c k -

Terre Haute

North Little

Newark

6.3

6.8
10.8

10.1

2.8
2.2

2.7
2.3

IOWA

Rock

4.6

3.6

Cedar Rapids
Des Moines

CALIFORNIA
Anaheim—S. A n a Garden G r o v e . . . .
Fresno
Los Angeles—Long
Beach
Riverside—San

Sacramento
San Diego

2.4
4.9

2.0
3.7

134,9

20.5
11.3
114.8

Wichita
KENTUCKY
Louisville

4.7

11.9

5.3

10.1

San Jose

22.2
18.8
31.8

19.0
19.2
27.9

62.4
24 7

57.9
19.7
9.8

io!s

Stockton

New Orleans
Qhrpwpnnrt

3.4

5.2

11.1
4. 5

13.7
3. 8

MAINE
Portland

Denver-Boulder . .

13. 8

2.4

2.7

31. 1

28.6

CONNECTICUT

Brockton

Bridgeport
Hartford

10.0
15.2

New Britain

3.9

New HavenWest Haven . . . . .
Stamford
Waterbury

9.0
7.0
3.8

7.6
14 4
4!o
10.9
6.3
3.6

Fall River

DELAWARE
Wilmington

7.6

DIST. OF COL.
Washington

27.3

5.5

Jacksonville
Miami
Tampa—St.
Petersburg

28.9

5.5

22.4

17. 1

21.7

17.0

GEORGIA
Atlanta
•

*

•

Columbus
Macon
Savannah . . . . . . . .

NEW MEXICO
Albuquerque . . . .

6.8

6.1

20. 7
3. 8
3^5
3.3
2.5

16.6

New Bedford
Springfield-

8.3
5.5
5.8

(*)
(*)
(*)

Chicopee-

12.8
9.3

(*)
(*)

.

16.7

Grand Rapids . . . .
Kalamazoo—
Portage
Lansing—East
Lansing
Muskegon —
Muskegon—
Heights
Saginaw

3.4
2 . 6 MINNESOTA
2 . 3 DuluthSuperior
1.8

4.0

3.7

92. 5
9. 6
10.8

87.0
9. 1
9.2
n

4.5

A

9.3

8.3

4.7

4.7
3.3

3.9

.

13.0

13.4

4.2

4.0

28.1

24.9

222.3

208.4

New York City
Combined Areas.. .
(a) N Y Citv
\ u / i n . i . \s i x. y

Westchester Cos.

Rochester

Gastonia

153.9

High Point
Raleigh—Durham . .
OHIO
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Hamilton —
Middletown
Lorain —
Elyria
Steubenville—
Weirton

30. 6

24. 8

2.3

2.1

Peoria
Rockford

5.5
5.0
7.3

5.2
7.0
4.2

17.6
37.8

15.0
38.6

Omaha

9.3

7. 5

Oklahoma City . . .

Evansville
Ft. Wayne

2.8
4.7

TENNESSEE

50.6
18. 6
11.9

43.9

7.4

15.9
10.0
7.2

2.4
3.4

Memphis

NEW HAMSPHIRE
Manchester

2.7

2.0

14.2

22.8

21.3

3.6

3.0

6.5

4.7

4.2

6.8
14. 1

4.9
6.9
12. 8

9. 6

6.7

2.3

1.9

2. 6

3. 5
2#.4

11.4
4.8
4. 6
IO'.O
6.5

8.5

NashvilleDavidson

Ropi imnnt

2.2

1.9

7.2

5.7

9.0
3.5

8.8
3.7

Port A r t h u r Orange
Corpus Christi . . . .
Dallas
El Paso

9.8
7.2

8.7
6.5

14.8
24.5
13.2
9.3

15.4
23.3
13.0

3.8

4.4

2.9

3.0

1. 6
11. 6

1.7

9.0

12.9

Fort Worth
Houston

5.9
4. 3

9il
5.4

UTAH
Salt Lake C i t y Ogden

O 7
O. 1

8.0

2.8

3 8

6.5
3. 6
2.1

5.9
3.8
3.3

37.1
7.2
11.0

32.6
7.0
8. 5

UMCCT V I R G I N I A
VVCo 1 VlrlvslnllM
Charleston
Huntington—

3.2

3.0

Ashland
Wheeling

3.8
3.2

4.2
2.8

2.6
7 1
17.*3
3.2

7.1
7.5
16.8

VIRGINIA
Newport NewsHampton
NorfolkVirginia BeachPortsmouth
Richmond
Roanoke

8.0

7.6

7.6
6.3

5.7
6.0

23.6

20.6

Seattle
Spokane
Tacoma

PENNSYLVANIA
Allentown—

WISCONSIN
Kpnn<;ha

Easton

18.0

15.5

Altoona

2.8
8.4
7.3

2.7

Harrisburg
Johnstown

5 3

I:?

Lancaster

u

WASHINGTON

OREGON

Erie
INDIANA

2.3
4.7

\i

Chattanooga
Knoxville

BethlehemNEBRASKA

2. 1
4.6
13.5

m

164. 5

MISSOURI
St. Louis

. .

171. 7

OKLAHOMA
Tulsa

Kansas City

Island-

SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston

Spartanburg

GreensboroWinston-Salem-

Portland

144.4

Pawtucket

Ljreenviiie1—

4.7

11.2

5.3
7.5

49.9

Providence—
Warwick—

r

Chart o t t e -

Warren

4.9

7.1
7.4

TEXAS

Toledo
Youngstown-

ILLINOIS
Chicago
Davenport—Rock

Ponce
San Juan .

San Antonio . . . . .
MICHIGAN
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint

21.7
106.7

RHODE ISLAND

Schenectady—
Troy

Haverhill
Lowell

MISSISSIPPI
Jackson

.

Mayaguez

NEW YORK
Albany

Utica—Rome

(*)
(*)
(*)

York

21.3
102.4
44.8

PUERTO RICO

NORTH CAROLINA

Minneapolis—
St Paul

HAWAII
Honolulu

Moline

Trenton

4.2

9.0

FLORIDA

•

12.3

Asheville

Worcester

•

Reading

5.0

Lawrence—

Holyoke

>

13.3
12.1

Syracuse

58.3
3.6
4. 6

Mar.
1977

Continued

Pennsylvania . . . .

Passaic

Suffolk

12. 1
Boston

•

12.3

Philadelphia
Pittsburgh

Putnam, and

MASSACHUSETTS

•

Northeast

(b) NassauMARYLAND
Baltimore

COLORADO

*

18.0
38.2

plus Rockland,

Oakland

Ai jni ICtA

16.9
43.6

Paterson-Clifton-

Buffalo

San Francisco-

r ^ U v j U d L u

Perth A m b o y Sayreville

Mar.
1976

PENNSYLVANIA-

7.1

New Brunswick-

Binghamton
LOUISIANA
Baton Rouge

State and area

7.1

KANSAS

27.8
10.3

BernardinoOntario

Mar.
1977

NEW JERSEY

Continued
Gary-Hammond —

ARIZONA
Phoenix

Mar.
1976

5l9

6.0

r\ci lOsnd

Racine

7.0

4.3

Insured jobless under State, Federal Employee, and Ex-Servicemen's unemployment insurance programs excludes extended benefit claims.
For full name of labor area and definition of area, see Area Trends in Employment and Unemployment published by the Employment and Training Administration.
Information not available.




133




Explanatory Notes
Introduction
Household Data (A tables)
Establishment Data (B, C, and D tables)
State and Area Unemployment Data (E table)
Unemployment Insurance Data (F tables)
Seasonal Adjustment

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from three
major sources: (1) Household interviews, (2) reports from employers, and (3) administrative statistics of unemployment insurance systems.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over. The
survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census
for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive
data on the labor force, the employed and the unemployed,
including such characteristics as age, sex, race, household
relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and
past work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample of
about 47,000 households, representing 461 areas in 923
counties and independent cities, with coverage in 50 States
and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on
the activity or status reported for the calendar week including
the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment
survey is designed to provide detailed industry information
on nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average
weekly hours, average hourly and weekly earnings, and labor
turnover for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are based on payroll
reports from a sample of establishments employing over 30
million nonagricultural wage and salary workers. The data
relate to all workers, full- or part-time, who received pay during
the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month. Based
on a somewhat smaller sample, labor turnover data relate to
actions occurring during the entire month.
Data based on administrative records of unemployment
insurance systems furnish a complete count of insured unemployment among the three-fourths of the Nation's labor force
covered by unemployment insurance programs. Weekly reports,
by State, are issued on the number of initial claims, the volume,
and rate of insured unemployment under State unemployment
insurance programs, and the volume under programs of unemployment compensation for Federal employees, ex-Armed
Forces personnel, and railroad workers. These statistics are
published by the Employment and Training Administration,
U.S. Department of Labor, in Unemployment Insurance Claims."
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for
example, are readily obtained only from the household survey
whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably de-

136




rived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other because
of differences in definition and coverage, sources of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for
discrepancies. The major factors which have a differential
effect on levels and trends of the two series are as follows.
Employment

Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons, and
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the survey week in family-operated enterprises. Employment in both
agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The
payroll survey covers only wage and salary employees on the
payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household approach provides information on the work status of the population without duplication,
since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or
not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than
one job are counted only once and are classified according to
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the survey week. In the figures based on establishment
records, persons who worked in more than one establishment
during the reporting period are counted each time their names
appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all persons who had jobs but were not at
work during the survey week—that is, were not working but
had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of
illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or
because they were taking time off for various other reasons,
even if they were not paid by their employers for the time off.
In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid
for by the company are included, but not those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Green s article Comparing Employment Estimates
from Household and Payroil Surveys," Monthly Labor Review,
December 1969. Reprints of this article are available upon
request from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Hours of work

The household survey measures hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by em-

ployers. In the household survey data, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and
the computations of average hours. In the payroll survey, employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are
included and assigned the number of hours for which they
were paid during the reporting period.
COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from the
household survey includes all persons who did not have a job
at all during theisurvey week and were looking for work or were
waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid
off, regardless of whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims,
prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of
the Department of Labor, exclude persons who have exhausted
their benefit rights, new workers who have not earned rights to
unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered
by unemployment insurance systems (agriculture, some State
and local government, domestic service, self-employment,
unpaid family work, and religious organizations).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment used
in the household survey. For example, persons with a job but
not at work and persons working only a few hours during the
week are sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation
but are classified as employed rather than unemployed in the
household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment" by
Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly Labor
Review. Reprints of this article may be obtained upon request.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the inclusion
of persons under 16 in the Statistical Research Service (SRS)
series and the treatment of dual jobholders who are counted
more than once if they work on more than one farm during the

reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling
techniques and collecting and estimating methods, which
cannot be readily measured in terms of impact on differences
in level and trend of the two series.
COMPARABILITY OF THE PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census.
BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the Census from its
censuses or annual sample surveys of manufacturing establishments and the censuses of business establishments. The major
reasons for some noncomparability are different treatment of
business units considered parts of an establishment, such as
central administrative offices and auxiliary units, the industrial
classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the
scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business
excludes professional services, public utilities, and financial
establishments, whereas these are included in BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics in
the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary
units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage is incomplete
for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are covered by the unemployment insurance programs. Beginning in
January 1972, coverage was expanded to include employees
of small firms and selected nonprofit activities who had not
been covered previously. However, certain activities, such as
interstate railroads, parochial schools, churches and most local
government activities are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in BLS establishment
statistics.

Household data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE

dar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
Inmates of institutions, members of the Armed Forces, and
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the empersons under 14 years of age are not covered in the regular
ployed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force,monthly enumerations and are excluded from the population
and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of the
and labor force statistics shown in this report. Data on members
Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed
description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods of the Armed Forces, who are included as part of the categories
Used in Manpower Statistics from the Current Population Sur- total noninstitutional population" and "total labor force," are
vey, BLS Report 463. This report is available from BLS on
obtained from the Department of Defense.
request.
Each month, 47,000 occupied units are eligible for interThese monthly surveys of the population are conducted
view. About 2,000 of these households are visited but interwith a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the
views are not obtained because the occupants are not found at
civilian noninstitutionai population. Respondents are interviewhome after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons.
ed to obtain information about the employment status of each
This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of about 4
member of the household 16 years of age and over. Separate
percent, in addition to the 47,000 occupied units, there are
statistics are also collected and published for 14 and 15 year
8,000 sample units in an average month which are visited but
olds. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calenfound to be vacant or otherwise not to be enumerated. Part of




137

the sample is changed each month. The rotation plan provides
for three-fourths of the sample to be common from 1 month to
the next, and one-half to be common with the same month a
year earlier.
CONCEPTS

Employed persons comprise (a) all those who during the
survey week did any work at all as paid employees, in their own
business, profession, or farm, or who worked 15 hours or more
as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of
the family, and (b) all those who were not working but who had
jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
dispute, or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid by
their employers for the time off, and whether or not they were
seeking other jobs.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries, temporarily in the United States, who are not living on the
premises of an Embassy.
Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work
around the house (such as own home housework, and painting
or repairing own home) or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons comprise all persons who did not
work during the survey week, who made specific efforts to find a
job within the past 4 weeks, and who were available for work
during the survey week (except for temporary illness). Also
included as unemployed are those who did not work at all,
were available for work, and (a) were waiting to be called back
to a job from which they had been laid off; or (b) were waiting to
report to a new wage or salary job within 30 days.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for work.
For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents
the number of full weeks since the termination of their most
recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or more during which
a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered
to break the continuity of the present period of seeking work.
Average duration is an arithmetic mean computed from a distribution by single weeks of unemployment.
Unemployed persons by reasons for unemployment are
divided into four major groups. (1) Job losers are persons
whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are
persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment
voluntarily and immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a full-time job
lasting 2 weeks or longer but were out of the labor force prior
to beginning to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons
who never worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made specific
efforts to find a job, sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include persons
unemployed because they (a) were waiting to be called back to
a job from which they had been laid off or (b) were waiting to
report to a new wage or salary job within 30 days. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work, including
going to a public or private employment agency or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends or relatives,
placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other" method.
Examples of the "other" category include being on a union or
professional register, obtaining assistance from a community

138




organization, or waiting at a designated pick-up point.
The civilian labor force comprises the total of all civilians
classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the
criteria described above. The "total labor force" also includes
members of the Armed Forces stationed either in the United
States or abroad.
The unemployment rate represents the number unemployed
as a percent of the civilian labor force. This measure can also
be computed for groups within the labor force classified by
sex, age, marital status, race, etc. The job-loser, job-leaver,
reentrant, and new entrant rates are each calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force; the sum of the rates for the four
groups thus equals the total unemployment rate.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the noninstitutional population that is in the labor force. Two types of participation rates are published: The total labor force participation
rate, which is the ratio of the total labor force and the total
noninstitutional population; and the civilian labor force participation rate, which is the ratio of the civilian labor force and the
civilian noninstitutional population. Participation rates are usually
published for sex-age groups, often cross-classified by other
demographic characteristics such as race and educational
attainment.
Not in labor force includes all civilians 16 years and over
who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These
persons are further classified as "engaged in own home housework," "in school," "unable to work" because of long-term
physical or mental illness, and "other." The "other" group includes for the most part retired persons, those reported as too
old to work, the voluntarily idle, and seasonal workers for
whom the survey week fell in an "off" season and who were not
reported as unemployed. Persons doing only incidental unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours) are also classified as not in the
labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work again, desire for a job at
the time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
compiled on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the detailed
questions for persons not in the labor force are asked only in
those households that are in the fourth and eighth months of
the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those which had been
in the sample for 3 previous months and would not be in for the
subsequent month. Between 1967 and 1969, the detailed notin-labor force questions were asked of persons in the first and
fifth months in the sample, i.e., the "incoming" groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two or
more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. The unemployed are classified according to their last full-time civilian job
lasting 2 weeks or more. The occupation and industry groups
used in data derived from the CPS household interviews are
defined as in the 1970 Census of Population. Information on
the detailed categories included in these groups is available
upon request.
The class-cf-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary
workers," subdivided into private and government workers,
"self-employed workers," and "unpaid family workers." Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips, or
pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit.
Self-employed persons are those who work for profit or fees in
their own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15
hours a week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a
member of the household to whom they are related by blood
or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, a person who

normally works 40 hours a week but who was off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though he was paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate
to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week.
However, all the hours are credited to the major job.
The distribution of employment by hours worked relate to
persons "at work" during the survey week. At work data differ
from data on total employment because the latter include persons in zero-hours worked category, "with a job but not at
work." Included in this latter group are persons who were on
vacation, ill, involved in a labor dispute, or otherwise absent
from their jobs for voluntary, noneconomic reasons.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more in the survey week
are designated as working "full time," persons who worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working "part-time."
Part-time workers are classified by their usual status at their
present job (either full time or part time) and by their reason for
working part time during the survey week (economic or other
reasons). "Economic reasons" include: Slack work, material
shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of
job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. "Other
reasons" include: Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness,
vacation, demands of home housework, school, no desire for
full-time work, and full-time worker only during peak season.
Persons on full-time schedules include, in addition to those
working 35 hours or more, those who worked from 1-34 hours
for noneconomic reasons and usually work full time.

sex, and, if unemployed, whether seeking full- or part-time
work.
Household head. One person in each household is designated as the head. The head is usually the person regarded as
the head by the members of the group. If a husband and wife
family occupy the unit, the husband is designated as the head.
The number of heads is equal to the number of households.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5,1964, and April
30, 1975. Tables for veterans in this volume are limited to
males in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans
in institutions and females are excluded.
Nonveterans are males who never served in the Armed
Forces.
Poverty areas classification consists of all Census geographical divisions in which 20 percent or more of the residents were
poor according to the 1970 Decennial Census. Persons were
classified as poor or nonpoor by using income thresholds
adopted by a Federal interagency committee in 1969. These
thresholds vary by family size, composition, and residence
(farm-nonfarm). While poverty areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents, many poor persons live
outside these areas and, conversely, the areas include many
people who are not poor.
HISTORIC COMPARABILITY
Raised lower age limit

Full- and part-time labor force. The full-time labor force consists
of persons working on full-time schedules, persons involuntarily working part time (part time for economic reasons), and
unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The part-time labor
force consists of persons working part time voluntarily and
unemployed persons seeking part-time work. Persons with a
job but not at work during the survey week are classified according to whether they usually work full or part time.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost to
the economy through unemployment and involuntary part-time
employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming: (1) That unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an average of
37.5 hours, (2) that those looking for part-time work lost the
average number of hours actually worked by voluntary parttime workers during the survey week, and (3) that persons on
part time for economic reasons lost the difference between
37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they worked.
Race. White and black and other are terms used to describe
the race of workers. The black and other category, which until
recently had been identified as "Negro and other races" and
prior to 1969 as "nonwhite," includes all persons who are
observed in the enumeration process to be other than white. At
the time of the 1970 Census of Population, 89 percent of the
black and other population group were black; the remainder
were American Indians, Eskimos, Orientals, and all other nonwhite groups. The term "black" is used in this volume when the
relevant data are provided exclusively for the black population.
Spanish origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living on
the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American or other
Spanish origin or descent. According to the 1970 Census, approximately 96 percent of their population is white.
Major activity: going to school and major activity: other are
terms used to describe whether the activity of young persons
during the reference week are primarily one of going to school
or not. Statistics on major activities are published every month
in table A-7 for 16-21 year-olds by employment status, race,




Beginning with data for 1967, the lower age limit for official
statistics on persons in the labor force was raised from 14 to 16
years. At the same time, several definitions were sharpened to
clear up ambiguities. The principal definitional changes were:
(1) Counting as unemployed only persons who were currently
available for work and who had engaged in some specific jobseeking activity within the past 4 weeks, an exception to the
latter condition is made for persons waiting to start a new job in
30 days or waiting to be recalled from layoff; in the past, the
current availability test was not applied and the time period
for jobseeking was ambiguous; (2) counting as employed persons who were absent from their jobs in the survey week because of strikes, bad weather, etc. and were also looking for
other jobs; previously, these persons had been classified as
unemployed; (3) sharpening the questions on hours of work,
duration of unemployment, and self-employment in order to
increase their reliability.
These changes did not affect the unemployment rate by
more than one-fifth of a percentage point in either direction,
although the distribution of unemployment by sex was affected.
The number of employed was reduced about 1 million because
of the exclusion of 14- and 15-year-olds. For persons 16 years
and over, the only employment series appreciably affected
were those relating to hours of work and class of worker. A
detailed discussion of the changes and their effect on the
various series is contained in "New Definitions for Employment
and Unemployment" by Robert L. Stein in the February 1967
issue of Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the
Labor Force. Reprints may be obtained upon request.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Before the changes introduced in 1967, the labor force data
were not comparable for three earlier periods: (1) Beginning
1953, as a result of the introduction of data from the 1950
census into the estimation procedure, population levels were
raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and

139

agricultural employment by about 350,000, primarily affecting
the figures for totals and males; other categories were relatively
unaffected; (2) beginning 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and
Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000 in the labor force, four-fifths of this in
nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were
not appreciably affected; (3) beginning 1962, the introduction
of figures from the 1960 census reduced the population by
about 50,000, labor force and employment by about 200,000;
unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. In addition,
beginning 1972, information from the 1970 census was introduced into the estimation procedures, producing an increase
in the civilian noninstitutional population of about 800,000;
labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more
than 300,000, and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. A subsequent population adjustment based
on the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment affected the white and black and other groups but had
little effect on totals. The adjustment resulted in the reduction
of nearly 300,000 in the white population and an increase of
the same magnitude in the black and other population. Civilian
labor force and total employment figures were affected to a
lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,
and the black and other labor force rose by about 210,000.
Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly affected.
Beginning in January 1974, the methodology used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional
population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach.
This change in the derivation of the population estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20-24 year-old males—particularly those of the black and other population—but had little
effect on 16 and over totals. Additional information on the
adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls
Derived from Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation" in the
February 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective July 1975, as a result of the immigration of Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and blackand-other independent population controls for persons 16
years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
males and 46,000 females. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent
in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in the "other"
population.
Changes in occupational classification system

Beginning with 1971, the comparability of occupational
employment data was affected as a result of changes in census
occupational classifications introduced into the Current Population Survey (CPS). These changes stemmed from an exhaustive review of the classification system to be used for the 1970
Census of Population. This review, the most comprehensive
since the 1940 census, was to reduce the size of large groups,
to be more specific about general and "not elsewhere classified" groups, and to provide information on emerging significant
occupations. Differences in March 1970 employment levels
tabulated on both the 1960 and 1970 classification systems
ranged from a drop of 650,000 in operatives to an increase of
570,000 in service workers, much of which resulted from a shift
between these two groups; the nonfarm laborers group increased by 420,000, and changes in other groups amounted to
220,000 or less.
An additional major group was created by splitting the
operatives category into two: operatives, except transport, and
transport equipment operatives. Separate data for these two
groups first became available in January 1972. At the same
time, several changes in titles, as well as in order of presenta-

140




tion, were introduced; for example, the title of the managers,
officials, and proprietors group was changed to "managers and
administrators, except farm," since only proprietors performing
managerial duties are included in the category.
Apart from the effects of revisions in the occupation classification system beginning in 1971, comparability of occupational employment data was further affected in December
1971, when a question eliciting information on major activities
or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order
to determine more precisely the occupational classification of
individuals. This change resulted in several dramatic occupational shifts, particularly from managers and administrators to
other groups. Thus, meaningful comparisons of occupational
levels cannot always be made for 1972 and subsequent years
with earlier periods. However, revisions in the occupational
classification system as well as in the CPS questionnnaire are
believed to have had but a negligible impact on unemployment
rates.
Additional information on changes in the occupational classification system of the CPS appears in "Revisions in Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey" in the February 1971 and February 1972
issues, respectively, of Employment and Earnings.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously and
are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents.
There are no subsequent adjustments to independent benchmark data on labor force, employment, or unemployment.
Therefore, revisions of the historical data are not an inherent
feature of this statistical program.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondent for other reasons. This adjustment is made separately by combinations of sample areas and,
within these, for six groups—two race categories (white, and
black and other) within three residence categories. For sample
areas which are standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's),
these residence categories are the central cities, and the urban
and the rural balance of the SMSA's. For other sample areas,
the residence categories are urban, rural nonfarm, and rural
farm. The proportion of sample households not interviewed
varies from 3 to 5 percent depending on weather, vacations, etc.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that of
the Nation as a whole, in such characteristics as age, race, sex,
and residence. Since these population characteristics are
closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the latter estimates
can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by
the known distribution of these population characteristics. This
is accomplished through two stages of ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. This is a procedure in which
the sample proportions are weighted by the known 1970 Census data on the race-residence distribution of the population.
This step takes into account the differences existing at the time
of the 1970 census between the race-residence distribution for
the Nation and for the sample areas.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this step, the sample pro-

portions are applied to independent current estimates of the
population by age, sex, and race. Prior to January 1974 these
estimates were prepared by carrying forward the most recent
census data (1970) after taking account of subsequent aging of
the population, births, deaths, and migration between the
United States and other countries.
Beginning in 1974, the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent population controls was introduced into the
CPS estimation procedures. In this procedure, the most recent
census population adjusted to include estimated net census
undercount by age, sex, and race (i.e., "inflated") is carried forward to each subsequent month and later age by adding births,
subtracting deaths, and adding net migration These postcensa!
population estimates are then "deflated" to census level to
reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census
by age, sex, and race. The actual percent change over time in
the population in any age group is preserved.
3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a
given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which
takes account of net changes from the previous month for
continuing parts of the sample (75 percent) as well as the
sample results for the current month. This procedure reduces
the sampling variability of month-to-month changes especially
and of the levels for most items also.

Table A. Average standard error of major employment
status categories
fin thousands]
Average standard error of—

Employment status and sex

Monthly leve!

Month-tomonth change
(consecutive
months only)

BOTH SEXES
Labor force
Total employment
Agriculture
Nonaoricultural employment
Unemployment

205
210
95
210
109

150
155
60

115
125
85
130
81

95
100
55
105
89

140
140
35
140
74

110
110
25
110
83

155
106

MALES
Labor force
Total employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural employment
Unemployment

FEMALES
Labor force
Total employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural employment
Unemployment

Rounding of estimates

The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals
shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of
totals and components to the nearest thousand. Differences,
however, are insignificant.

Table B.

Standard error of level of monthly estimates

[In thousands!

Size of estimate

Reliability of the estimates

Since the estimates are based on a sample, they may differ
from the figures that would have been obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and
procedures.
The standard error is a measure of sampling variability, that
is, the variations that might occur by chance because only a
sample of the population is surveyed. The chances are about 2
out of 3 that an estimate from the sample would differ from a
complete census by less than the standard error. The chances
are about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than
twice the standard error.
Table A shows the average standard error for the major employment status categories, by sex, computed from data for
past months. Estimates of change derived from the survey are
also subject to sampling variability. The standard error of
change for consecutive months is also shown in table A, The
standard errors of leve! shown in table A are acceptable
approximations of the standard errors of year-to-year change.
The figures presented in table B are to be used for other
characteristics and are approximations of the standard errors
of all such characteristics. They should be interpreted as providing an indication of the order of magnitude of the standard
errors rather than as the precise standard error for any specific
item.
The standard error of the change in an item from one month
to the next month is more closely related to the standard error
of the monthly leve! for that item than to the size of the specific
month-to-month change itself. Thus, in order to use the approximations to the standard errors of month-to-month changes as
presented in table C, it is first necessary to obtain the standard
error of the monthly level of the item in table B, and then find




10..
50
100. . . .
250...
500
1,000
2.500
5,000
10,000
20,000
30.000
40,000

. . .

Females

Males

Both sexes
Total
or
white

Black
and
other

Total
or
white

Black
and
other

Total
or
white

Black
and
other

4
9
12

4
9
12
17
25
35
40
45
_.
._

6
11
16
25
34

4
9
12
17
25

6
11
16

4

50
75
90

35
40
_.
_
_
_
_

20
30
40
60
85
115
150
170
180

115
125

25
34
50
75
90
115
125
_
_

9
12
17
25
35
40
_
_

the standard error of the month-to-month change in table C
corresponding to this standard error of level It should be noted
that table C applies to estimates of change between 2 consecutive months. For changes between the current month and the
same month last year, the standard errors of level shown in
table B are acceptable approximations.
Illustration. Assume that the tables showed the total number of
persons working a specific number of hours as 15,000,000, an
increase of 500,000 over the previous month Linear interpolation in the first column of table B shows that the standard error
of 15,000,000 is about 133,000. Consequently, the chances are
about 68 out of 100 that the sample estimate differs by less
than 133;000 from the figure which would have been obtained
from a complete count of the number of persons working the
given number of hours. Using the 133,000 as the standard
error of the monthly level in table C, it may be seen that the
standard error of the 500,000 increase, is about 126,000.
The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed by
using sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends
upon both the size of the percentage and the size of the total

141

Table C.
change

Standard error of estimates of month-to-month

Table D.

Estimated percentage
Base of
percentages
(thousands)

[In thousands]
Standard error of
monthly level
10
25
50
100
150
200
250
300

Standard error of
month-to-month change
12
28
55
100
140
155
160
190

upon which the percentage is based. Where the numerator is a
subclass of the denominator, estimated percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding absolute estimates
of the numerator of the percentage, particularly if the percentage is large (50 percent or greater). Table D shows the
standard errors for unemployment percentages derived from
the survey. Linear interpolation may be used for percentages
and base figures not shown in table D. As a general rule, percentages will not be published when the monthly base is less
Table E.

Standard error of unemployment percentages

75
150
250
500
1 000
2,000
3,000
5,000
10,000
25.000
50,000
75,000

1
or
99

2
or
98

5
or
95

10
or
90

15
or
85

20
or
80

25
or
75

35
or
65

50

1.5
1.1
.9
.6
.4
.3
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1

2.1
1.5
1.3
.8
.6
.4
.3
.3
.2
.1
.1
.1

3.2
2.4
2.0
1.3
9
.6
5
4
3
.2
.1
.1

4.5
3.3
2.8
1.7
1.2
.9
.7
.6
.4
.3
.2
.1

5.4
4.0
3.3
2.1
1.5
1.0
.9
.7
.5
.3
.2
,-2

6.1
4.5
3.7
2.4
1.7
1.2
1.0
.7
.5
.3
.2
.2

6.7
4.9
4.1
2.6
1.8
1.3
1.1
.8
.6
A
.3
.2

7.5
5.5
4.6
2.9
2.1
1.5
1.2
.9
.7
.4
.3
.2

8.3
6.1
5.1
3.2
2.3
1.6
1.3
1.0
.7
.4
.3
.3

than 75,000 or the annual base is less than 35,000. Table E
shows the standard error of percentage of monthly levels and
consecutive month change for frequently analyzed unemployment rate series. These errors are computed from data for
recent months. Errors on change for nonconsecutive months
are slightly greater (by roughly a factor of 1.1 times the monthto-month error).

Standard error of percentages for major unemployment rates
Selected categories

Total (all civilian workers)
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
White workers
Black (and other) workers
Household heads
Married men
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over
Labor force time lost

Monthly
level

Consecutive
month
change

.12
.14
.19
.56
12
.43
12
.13
.12
.35
.06
.12

.14
17
.24
.72
.15
.55
.15
.16
.15
44
.07
.15

.13
.20

.15
.24

.23
.39
.24

.28
.48
.30

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers

Selected categories

Monthly
level

Consecutive
month
change

OCCUPATION-Continued
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

.23
.32
.36
.66
.32
.43

.28
.39
.46
.84
40
.53

.14
.75
.27
.36
.43
.41
.28
.23
.19
1.11

.17
.95
.34
.45
.54
.52
.35
.29
.24
1.39

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government wage and salary workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

Establishment data
(B, C, and D tables)

Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location.

State agencies mail the forms to the establishments and
examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the information to prepare State and area
series and then send the establishment data to the BLS for use
in preparing the national series.

Federal-State cooperation

Shuttle schedules

Under cooperative arrangements with State agencies, the
respondent fills out a single employment or labor turnover
reporting form, which is then used for national, State, and area
estimates. This eliminates duplicate reporting on the part of
respondents, and together with the use of identical techniques
at the national and State levels, insures maximum comparability
of estimates.

Two types of data collection schedules are used: Form BLS
790—Monthly Report on Employment, Payroll, and Hours; and
Form DL 1219—Monthly Report on Labor Turnover. These
schedules are of the "shuttle" type, with space for each month
of the calendar year. The collection agency returns the schedule
to the respondent each month so that the next month's data
can be entered. This procedure assures maximum comparability

COLLECTION

142




and accuracy of reporting, since the respondent can see the
figures he has reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the number of
full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of nonagricultural
establishments and, for most industries, payroll and hours of
production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for
the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. Form DL
1219 provides for the collection of information on the total
number of accessions and separations, by type, during the calendar month.

trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, warehousing,
shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial and guard services,
product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use
(e.g., power plant), and recordkeeping and other services
closely associated with the above production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in
the contract construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanic's apprentices, laborers, etc.,
whether working at the site of construction or in shops or
yards, at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily
performed by members of the construction trades.
CONCEPTS
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians,
Industrial classification
lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides,
teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, resEstablishments reporting on Form BLS 790 and Form DL
taurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line installers
1219 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal
and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and similar occupaproduct or activity determined from informtion on annual sales
tional levels, and other employees whose services are closely
volume. This information is collected each year on a supplement
associated with those of the employees listed.
to the monthly 790 or 1219 report. For an establishment makPayroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production,
ing more than one product or engaging in more than one
construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for
activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included
any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the
under the industry indicated by the most important product or
month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind,
activity.
e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance,
All national, State, and area employment, hours, earnings,
withholding tax, bonds or union dues; also included is pay for
and labor turnover series are classified in accordance with the
overtime, holidays, vacations, and sick leave paid directly by
Standard Industrial Classification Manual, Bureau of the Bud- the firm. Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly each pay
get, 1967.
period), other pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g.,
retroactive pay), tips, and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or
other payment in kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as
Industry employment
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement,
etc. paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government
Hours cover the hours paid for, during the pay period which
refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay
includes the 12th of the month, for production, construction, or
for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the
nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays
month. For Federal Government establishments, employment
and vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received directly
figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions
from the firm.
on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or recounted if they performed any service during the month.
lated workers for which overtime premiums were paid because
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either the
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay period
workers in households Salaried officers of corporations are
which includes the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday
included. Government employment covers only civilian emhours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours
ployees; military personnel are excluded.
for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday or paid vacation, or who work during a part of the pay
period and are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the . Gross average hourly and weekly earnings. Average hourly
earnings are on a "gross" basis, reflecting not only changes in
period, are counted as employed. Not counted as employed
basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable
are persons who are laid off, on leave without pay, or on strike
factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and
for the entire period or who are hired but have not been paid
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. Shifts
during the period.
in the volume of employment between relatively high-paid and
low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual
Industry hours and earnings
establishments also affect the general earnings averages.
Averages for groups and divisions further reflect changes in
average hourly earnings for individual industries
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
are the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time;
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in contract
rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of work or time.
construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the remaining
The earnings series does not measure the level of total fabor
private nonagricuitural components. For Federal Government,
costs on the part of the employer since the following are exhours and earnings relate to a!! employees, both supervisory
cluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various
and nonsupervisory. Terms are defined below When the pay
period reported is longer than 1 week, figures are reduced to a welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings
for those employees not covered under the production-worker.,
weekly basis.
Production and related workers include working supervisors construction-worker, or nonsupervisory-employes definitions
Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying
and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and




143

average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Therefore,
weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in gross
average hourly earnings but also by changes in the length of
the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as proportion
of part-time workers, stoppages for varying causes, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to
fluctuate.
Long-term trends of gross average weekly earnings can be
affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion
of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the service industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries
and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates to
the average hours for which pay was received and is different
from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages
cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours
of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect
changes in the workweek of component industries.
Average overtime rpurs. The overtime hours represent the
portion of the gross average weekly hours which were in
excess of regular hours and for which overtime premiums were
paid. If an employee worked on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his holiday pay plus straighttime pay for hours worked that day, no overtime hours would
be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition,
gross weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month-to-month; for example,
overtime premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the
straight-time workday although less than a full week is worked.
Diverse trends at the industry-group level also may be caused
by a marked change in gross hours for a component industry
where little or no overtime was worked in both the previous
and current months. In addition, such factors as stoppages,
absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same
influence on overtime hours as on gross hours.
Hours and earnings for total private nonagricultural industries.

The series covers ail nonagricultural industry divisions except
government. The principal source of payroll data is Form BLS
790. Secondary source material such as the Bureau's Employment and Wages, County Business Patterns of the Bureau of
the Census, and additional supporting information such as The
Hospital Guide, Part II, of the American Hospital Association
and special studies by the National Council of Churches supplement data for certain industry groups within the service
division.
For a technical description of this series, see the article,
"Hours and Earnings for Workers in Private Nonagricultural
Industries," published in the May 1967 issue of Employment
and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. Reprints
are available upon request.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for class I railroads
(excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on
monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of the Interstate
Commerce Commission and reiate to ali employees except
executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month. Gross average hourly earnings
are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours
paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the
total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, by

144




the number of employees, as defined above. Gross average
weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly
hours by average hourly earnings.
Spendable average weekly earnings. Spendable average weekly

earnings in current dollars are obtained by deducting estimated
Federal social security and income taxes from average weekly
earnings. The amount of income tax liability depends on the
number of dependents supported by the worker and his marital
status, as well as on the level of his gross income. To reflect
these variables, spendable earnings are computed for a worker
with no dependents and a married worker with three dependents.
The computations are based on gross average weekly earnings
for all production or nonsupervisory workers in the industry
division excluding other income and income earned by other
family members.
The series reflects the spendable earnings of only those
workers, with either none or three dependents, whose gross
weekly pay approximates the average earnings indicated for all
production and nonsupervisory workers. It does not reflect, for
example, the average earnings of all married workers with
three dependents; such workers, in fact have higher gross
average earnings than workers with no dependents.
Since part-time as well as full-time workers are included,
and since the proportion of part-time workers has been rising,
the series understates the increase in earnings for full-time
workers. As noted, "fringe benefits" are not included in the
earnings. For a more complete discussion of the uses and limitations of these series, see the article by Paul M. Schwab, "Two
Measures of Purchasing Power Contrasted," in the Monthly
Labor Review for April 1971. Reprints of this article are available upon request from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Real" earnings are computed by dividing the current Consumer Price Index into the earnings averages for the current
month. This is done for gross average weekly earnings and for
spendable average weekly earnings. The level of earnings is
thus adjusted for changes in purchasing power since the base
period (1967).
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly

earnings excluding overtime premium pay are computed by
dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry
group by the sum of total production-worker hours and onehalf of total overtime hours. Prior to January 1956, these data
were based on the application of adjustment factors to gross
average hourly earnings (as described in the Monthly Labor
Review, May 1950, pp. 537-540). Both methods eliminate only
the earnings due to overtime paid for at V/2 times the straighttime rates. No adjustment is made for other premium payment
provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime
rates other than time and one-half.
Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours. The indexes
of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours are prepared by dividing the current month's aggregate by the monthly average for
the 1967 period. The hour aggregates are the product of
average weekly hours and production-worker or nonsupervisory
worker employment, and the payroll aggregates are the product
of hour aggregates and average hourly earnings. At all higher
levels of aggregation, hour and payroll aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.
Indexes of diffusion of changas in number of employees on
nonagricuiturai payrolls. These indexes measure the percent
of industries which posted increases in employment over the
specified time span. The indexes are calculated from 172 unpublished seasonally adjusted employment series (two-digit
nonmanufacturing industries and three-digit manufacturing

industries) covering all nonagricultural payroll employment in
the private sector. A more detailed discussion of these indexes
appears in "Introduction of Diffusion Indexes," in the December, 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings,

"link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio estimation, (2)
periodic adjustment of employment levels to new benchmarks,
and (3) the use of size and regional stratification.
The "link relative" technique

Labor turnover

Labor turnover is the gross movement of wage and salary
workers into and out of employed status with respect to individual establishments. This movement, which relates to a calendar month, is divided into two broad types: Accessions (new
hires and rehires) and separations (terminations of employment
initiated by either employer or employee). Each type of action
is cumulated for a calendar month and expressed as a rate per
100 employees. The data relate to all employees, whether fullor part-time, permanent or temporary, including executive,
office, sales, other salaried personnel, and production workers.
Transfers to another establishment of the company are included,
beginning with January 1959.
Accessions are the total number of permanent and temporary
additions to the employment roll, including both new and rehired employees.
New hires are temporary or permanent additions to the
employment roll of persons who have never before been employed in the establishment (except employees transferring
from another establishment of the same company) or of former
employees not recalled by tne employer.
Other accessions, which are not published separately but
are included in total accessions, are all additions to the employment roll which are not classified as new hires, including transfers from other establishments of the company and employees
recalled from layoff.
Separations are terminations of employment during the
calendar month and are classified according to cause: Quits,
layoffs, and other separations, are defined as follows:
Quits are terminations of employment initiated by employees, failure to report after being hired, and unauthorized absences, if on the last day of the month the person has been
absent more than 7 consecutive calendar days.
Layoffs are suspensions without pay lasting or expected to
last more than 7 consecutive calendar days, initiated by the
employer without prejudice to the worker.
Other separations, which are not published separately but
are included in total separations, are terminations of employment because of discharge, permanent disability, death, retirement, transfers to another establishment of the company, and
entrance into the Armed Forces for a period expected to last
more than 30 consecutive calendar days.
Relationship of labor turnover to employment series

Month-to-month changes in total employment in manufacturing industries reflected by labor turnover rates are not comparable with the changes shown in the Bureau's employment
series for the following reasons: (1) Accessions and separations
are computed for the entire calendar month; the employment
reports refer to the pay period which includes the 12th of the
month; and (2) employees on strike are not counted as turnover actions although such employees are excluded from the
employment estimates if the work stoppage extends through
the report period.
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the industry statistics are (1) the use of the




From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of current
month employment to that of the previous month is computed.
This is called a link relative. The estimates of employment (all
employees, including production and nonproduction workers
together) for the current month are obtained by multiplying the
estimates for the previous month by these "link relatives." In
addition, small bias correction factors are applied to selected
employment estimates each month. The size of the bias correction factors is determined from past experience.Other features
of the general procedures are described in table F. Summary
of methods for computing industry statistics on employment,
hours, earnings, and labor turnover.
Size and regional stratification

A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment
and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and earnings
into broader industry groupings. Accordingly, the basic estimating ceil for an employment, hours, or earnings series, as the
term is used in the summary of computational methods, may be
a whole industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size
stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments

Employment estimates are compared periodically with comprehensive counts of employment which provide "benchmarks"
for the various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are
currently projected from March 1974 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies
from reports of establishments covered under State unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover nearly ninetenths of the total nonagricultural employment in the United
States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained from the
records of the Social Security Administration, the Interstate
Commerce Commission, and a number of other agencies in
private industry or government.
The estimates relating to the benchmark month are compared
with new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions
are necessary, the monthly series of estimates are adjusted
between the new benchmark and the preceding one, and the
new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month by use of the sample trends.
Thus, under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish
the level of employment; the sample is used to measure the
month-to-month changes in the level. A comparison of the
actual amounts of revisions due to benchmark adjustment for
the last 3 years is shown in table G.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been adjusted are subject to revision. To provide
users of the data with a convenient reference source for the
revised data, the BLS publishes as soon as possible after each
benchmark revision a summary volume of employment, hours,
earnings, and labor turnover statistics, entitled Employment
and Earnings, United States.

145

Table F.

Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and labor turnover
Aggregate industry levels (divisions, groups
and, where stratified, individual cells)

Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size, or region/size eel!)

Item

Monthly data
All e m p l o y e e s . . . .

All employees estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of ail employees in current
month to all employees in previous month,
for sample establishments which reported
for both months

Sum of all employee estimates for component
cells.

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women e m p l o y e e s . . .

All employee estimate for current month multiplied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample
establishments for current month, (2) ratio

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees,
for component cells

of women to all employees.

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers.

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory employment, of the average weekly
hours for component cells.

Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours
for component cells.

Gross average hourly earnings

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker hours.

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.

Gross average weekly e a r n i n g s . . .

Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings.

Product of gross average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings.

Labor turnover r a t e s . . . .

The number of particular actions (e.g., quits) in
reporting establishments divided by total
employment in those firms. The result is
multiplied by 100.

Average, weighted by employment, of the rates
for component cells

Gross average weekly h o u r s . . . .

Average weekly overtime h o u r s . . . .

....

Annual average data
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Gross average weekly h o u r s . . .

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average weekly hours) divided by
annual sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by anriua
sum of employment for these workers.

Average weekly overtime h o u r s . . .

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by
average weekly overtime hours) divided by
annual sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for
production workers divided by annual sum
of employment for these workers.

Gross average hourly earnings.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (production
or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by weekly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours

Gross average weekly e a r n i n g s . . .

Product of gross average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings.

Labor turnover rates

Sum of monthly rates divided by 12.

Product of gross average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings.
Sum of monthly rates divided by 12

All employees and production or nonsupervisory workers

...

Table G. Nonagricultural payroll employment estimates,
by industry divisions, as a percentage of the benchmark
for 1971, 1973, and 1974
Industry division
Total
Mining
Contract construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
1

1971

19731

1974

100.2

98.4

99.9

99.8
96.9
100.4
100 9
100.3
100.2
100.4
100.0

96.5
90.4
98.9
99.3
97.8
99.5
99.1
99.5

97.0
100 6
99.9
100.0
100.1
989
99.3
100.6

2-year revision.

THE SAMPLE
Design

The sampling plan used in the current employment statistics
program is known as "sampling proportionate to average size
of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional to the

146




i

average size of establishments. The universe of establishments
is stratified first by industry and then within each industry by
size of establishment in terms of employment. For each industry, the number of sample units is distributed among the
size class cells on the basis of average employment per establishment in each cell. In practice, this is equivalent to distributing the predetermined total number of establishments required
in the sample among the cells on the basis of the ratio of employment in each cell to total employment in the industry.
Within each noncertainty stratum the sample members are
selected at random.
Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the
sample with certainty. The size of the sample for the various
industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience
and of cost considerations. In a manufacturing industry in
which a high proportion of total employment is concentrated in
relatively few establishments, a large percentage of total employment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample
design for such industries provides for a complete census of
the large establishments with only a few chosen from among
the smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry
in which a large proportion of total employment is in small

establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of all
large establishments and also for a substantial number of the
small ones. Many industries in the trade and services divisions
fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can
be handled by available resources, it is necessary to accept
samples in these divisions with a smaller proportion of universe
employment than is the case for most manufacturing industries.
Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing
divisions generally show less fluctuation from regular cyclical
or seasonal patterns than establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS employment and labor turnover
statistics programs, with their emphasis on producing timely
data at minimum cost, a sample must be obtained which will
provide coverage of a sufficiently large segment of the universe
to provide reasonably reliable estimates that can he published
promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to
produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries
and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after
reports are mailed by respondents, and at a somewhat later
date, statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage

The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social
statistics. Table H shows the approximate proportion of total
employment in each industry division covered by the group of
establishments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from
the proportions shown. Table I shows the approximate coverage,
in terms of employment, of the labor turnover sample.
Table H. Approximate size and coverage of BLS
employment and payrolls sample, March 1974 1
Industry division

Total
Mining
Contract construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities:
Railroad transportation (ICC)
Other transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
-inance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government:
Federal (Civil Service Commission)2
State and local

'"."

Number of
establishments in
samples

Number
reported

Percent
of total

158,400

31,637,000

41

2,100
16,500
47,000

307,000
771,000
11,821,000

46
20
59

95
7,300
38,200
10,100
23,500

537,000
2,181,000
3,050,000
1,507,000
2,740,000

94
53
18
36
20

3,200
10,400

2,691,000
6,032,000

100
52

Employees

1
Since a few establishments do not report payroll and hour information, hours and earnings
estimates may be based on a slightly smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
National estimates of Federal employment are provided to the BLS by the Civil Service
Commission. State and area estimates are based on a sample of 3,200 reports covering about 53
percent of employment in Federal establishments.

Table I. Approximate size and coverage of BLS labor
turnover sample, March 1974
Industry

Total
Manufacturing
S/letal mining
Coal mining
Communications:
Telephone
Telegraph




Employees
Number reported

Percent of total

10,873,730
10,007,800
61,850
56,770

52
51
66
35

734,270
13,040

74
61

Reliability of the employment estimates

Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained
if it were possible to take a complete census using the same
schedules and procedures. As discussed under the previous
section, a link relative technique is used to estimate employment. This requires the use of the previous month's estimate as
the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus,
small sampling and response errors may cumulate over several
months. To remove this accumulated error, the estimates are
usually adjusted annually to new benchmarks. In addition to
taking account of sampling and response errors, the benchmark
revhion sdji-r •* the estimate f^r changes in th-- - •' -trial
classification o\ it.dividucu ^ s t a b ^ ^ . m e f K o ( r e s u l t i n g i i o . . . .

anges

in their product which are not reflected in the levels of
estimates until the data are adjusted to new benchmarks). In
fact, at the more detailed industry levels, particularly within
manufacturing, changes in classification are the major cause of
benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises
from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Improvements brought about by the most recent expansion in
unemployment insurance coverage were the major cause of
differences in the March 1973 benchmark adjustments. (See
article by Carol M. Utter, "BLS Establishment Estimates Revised
to March 1973 Benchmark Levels', in the December 1974
issue.) Table J presents the average percent revisions of the
six most recent benchmarks (excluding the March 1973 adjustment) for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau
upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for cells are not subject
to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may
be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The
hours and earnings estimates, however, are subject to sampling
errors which may be expressed as relative errors of the estimates. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative errors for major industries are
presented in table J and for individual industries with the specified number of employees in table K. The chances are about 2
out of 3 that the hours and earnings estimates from the sample
would differ by a smaller percentage than the relative error
Table J. Average benchmark percent revision in employment estimates and relative errors1 for average weekly
hours and average hourly earnings by industry division
Average
benchmark
revision in
estimates of
employment2

Industry division

Total nonagncultural employment
Total private
Mining
Contract construction. .
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Trade
Wholesale
Retail
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government3

....

0.2
1
1.2
1.2
.3
.4
.3
.4
.3
1.0
.2
.4
.6
.6

Relative errors
(in percent)
Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

0.1:
.5
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.1
.2
.2
.2
.4

0.2
.5
.3
.1
.1
.1
4
.2
.3
.2
4
.8

1

Relative errors relate to March 1971 data.
The average percent revision in employment for the 1967-71 and 1974 benchmarks.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government and samples for
State and local government benchmarked to a quinquennial census of government conducted by the
Bureau of the Census.
2

3

147

from the averages that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error (RMSE).
The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias in
estimates
V (Standard Deviation)2 + (Bias)2).
If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark by
less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are about
19 out of 20 that the difference wouid be less than twice the
root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the experience of the last 6 years) of differences between final
estimates and benchmarks are presented in table K.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in the
tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample
and are revised when all the reports in the sample have been
received. Table L presents root-mean-square errors of the
amounts of revisions that may be expected between the preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary and
final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary hours
and earnings estimates are normally not greater than .1 of an
hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings.
Table K. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings

Size of employment
estimate
50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
1

,

Root-meansquare
error of
employment
estimates1

Relative errors (in percent)

1,900
2,700
4,100
9,600
13,000
16.800

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

0.9
.7
.5
.4
.3
.3

1.5
1.1
.9
.8
.5
.*>

Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.

Table L.

Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error of
Size of employment
estimate

Monthly level

Month-to-month
change

600
1,000
1,700
2,600
5,000
9,000
29,000

600
900
1,700
2,400
4,900
8.700
26,000

98,000

87,000

5,000
20,000
45,000
13.000
35,000
7,000
29,000
44,000

5,000
21,000
42,000
11,000
32,000
7,000
23,000
42.000

50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
10,000,000
Total nonagricultural employment
Vlining
Contract construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government....

cooperation with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan
areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the
issue of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area
annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions
are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover
of each issue. These statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For
employment, the sum of the State figures may differ slightly
from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others
and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic
stratification.
For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sections
of this periodical, all the annual average data for the detailed
industry statistics currently published by each cooperating
State agency are presented (from the earliest date of availability
of each series) in a summary volume published annually by
the BLS.
PRODUCTIVITY DATA

Tables C-10, C-11, and C-12 are compiled by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of
compensation and gross national product supplied by the U.S.
Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board.

Definitions

Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers.
Output is the constant dollar market value of final goods and
services produced in a given period. Indexes of output per
hour of labor input, or labor productivity, measure changes in
the volume of goods and services produced per unit of labor.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees plus employers contributions for social insurance and
private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate of
wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which there
are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer Price
Index.
Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour. Unit nonlabor
payments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect
taxes per unit of output. They are computed by subtracting
compensation of all persons from the current doliar gross national product and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits. Unit profits includes corporate profits and ihventory valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the current
dollar estimate of gross product by the constant dollar estimate,
making the deflator, in effect, a price index for gross product of
the sector reported,
Notes on the data

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS

State and area employment, hours, earnings, and labor
turnover data are collected arH prepared by State agencies in

148




For the private business sector and the nonfarm business
sector, these indexes relate to the Gross Domestic Product
less households and institutions, owner-occupied housing,

and statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial corporate
sector, the indexes refer to the Gross Domestic Product of
nonfinancial corporate businesses.
Manufacturing data have been revised to reflect revisions
in the Federal Reserve Board Index of Industrial Production.
Output data are supplied by the Bureau of Economic Analysis,

U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Federal Reserve
Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau
of Labor Statistics to annual estimates of output (gross product
originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hour data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis
and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

State and area unemployment data
(E table)
Since November 1972, the Bureau of Labor Statistics has
been responsible for developing the concepts and methods
used by State employment security agencies to estimate State
and local area labor force, employment, and unemployment. In
December 1975, the Office of Management and Budget extended this responsibility to include the publication of State
and local area labor force and unemployment estimates. Prior
to 1972, State agencies prepared estimates using a method
developed by the Department of Labor in 1950, generally
referred to as the Handbook method (BES Report No. R-185).
The new system combines the Handbook method with a set of
procedures based on the concepts and definitions used in the
national Current Population Survey (CPS). Improvements have
been in two areas: (1) The estimating methodology previously
used by State agencies has been modified to more closely approximate CPS definitions; and (2) The State-prepared monthly
estimates are benchmarked to annual average totals from
the CPS.

Federal-State cooperative program

Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA), and other areas specifically defined for
fund allocation purposes are developed under a Federal-State
cooperative program and transmitted each month to BLS. The
local area unemployment estimates approved by BLS are the
basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits under
Federal economic assistance programs, such as those established by the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
(CETA).
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly employment and unemployment estimates are prepared in several stages:
1. Preliminary estimate—Employment: The total employment
estimate is based primarily on data from the survey of establishments which produces an estimate of payroll employment. This
place-of-work estimate must be adjusted to refer to place of
residence as used in the Current Population Survey. Adjustment
factors for the major categories of employment by class of
worker and industry have been developed on the basis of employment relationships which existed at the time of the 1970
Decennial Census. These factors are applied to the payroll employment estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted
employment estimates.

for each of three building block categories: (1) Persons who
were previously employed in industries covered by State unemployment insurance (Ul) laws; (2) those previously employed
in industries not covered by these laws; and (3) those who were
either entering the labor force for the first time or reentering
after a period of separation.
An estimate for those previously employed in covered industries is derived from a count of current unemployment insurance claimants, plus estimates of claimants whose benefits
have been exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving
benefits for nonmonetary reasons (because they quit, were discharged for cause, etc., but would otherwise have been
eligible), and persons who either filed claims late, or not at all.
The estimate of those previously employed in industries not
covered by UI is derived by applying the current ratio of
covered unemployment to covered employment to the employment estimate for each industry or class of worker subgroup in
the State, weighted by factors reflecting national historical
relationships.
For the third category, new entrants and reentrants into the
labor force, a composite estimate is developed from equations
that relate the total entrants into the labor force to the experienced unemployed and the experienced labor force. For each
month, the estimate of entrants into the labor force is a function
of: (a) the month of the year; (b) the level of the experienced
unemployed; (c) the level of the experienced labor force; and
(d) the proportion of the working age population that is considered "youth". The composite estimate of total entrants is
defined as:
U=A(X+E) + BX, Where
U = total entrant unemployment
E = total employment
X = total experienced unemployment
A,B = synthetic factors incorporating seasonal variation,
and an assumed relationship between the proportion of youths in the working population and the
historical relationship of entrants to the experienced
unemployed (B factor) or the experienced labor
force (A factor).

3. Adjustment for additivity. Using the Handbook method,
States prepare independent employment and unemployment
estimates for the State, and for many substate areas. An adjustment is applied to all substate estimates to ensure that the substate estimates add to the independent State totals. Specific
additivity adjustment procedures vary from State to State, but
are generally one of the three following basic methods: (a) If a
State is comprised of mutually exclusive and exhaustive
LMA's, then the difference between the independent State
estimate and the sum of the estimates for the LMA's is prorated
2. Preliminary estimate—Unemployment: In the current month, over all LMA's in the State, to produce a set of substate estimates which add to the independent State estimate; (b) If the
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates




149

mutually exclusive LMA's do not exhaust the geographic area
of the State, then the difference between the independent
State estimate and the sum of the LMA estimates, or residual,
becomes the balance-of-State estimate; (c) If a State contains
LMA's which are benchmarked independently (see below),
estimates for these areas are subtracted from the independent
State estimate and the additivity adjustment is then applied to
the remaining areas in the balance of the State.
4. Benchmark correction and extrapolation procedures. Once
each year all monthly estimates prepared by State employment
security agencies under the Handbook method are adjusted,
or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average estimates resulting from the CPS. This adjustment is necessary because
the State-prepared estimates are not as reliable as the CPS
estimates, due to differences in State Ul laws, the structural
limitations of the Handbook method, and errors in the Ul data.
The benchmarked estimates are produced in three stages.

First, the monthly Handbook estimates are adjusted by the
ratio of the CPS and Handbook annual averages. Second, the
difference between the ratio of annual averages for two consecutive years is wedged into the monthly estimates in order to
minimize the disturbance to the original series. Finally, the
second-stage estimates are forced into agreement with CPS
annual averages.
The benchmarked estimates are extrapolated into the current year by applying the latest relevant correction factor to the
current Handbook estimates of employment and unemployment.
The employment factor used in year (t) is the quotient of the
December employment benchmarked and Handbook estimates
in year (t-1). The unemployment factor for year (t) is the algebraic difference between the December unemployment benchmarked and Handbook estimates in year (t-1). The preliminary
estimate in the current year is then the result of applying the
correction factor by multiplication (for employment), or by addition (for unemployment) to the current Handbook estimate.

Unemployment insurance data
(F tables)
Insured unemployment represents the number of persons
reporting a week of unemployment under an unemployment
insurance program. It includes some persons who are working
part time who would be counted as employed in the payroll and
household surveys. Excluded are persons who have exhausted
their benefit rights and workers who have not earned rights to
unemployment insurance. In general, excluded from coverage
are those persons engaged in agriculture, domestic service,
unpaid family work, selected nonprofit organizations, some
State and local government and self-employment. Also excluded
from the insured unemployment count, but included as employed in the household survey, are those persons who earned
no wages during the payroll period because they were temporarily absent from their jobs due to taking time off, illness and
industrial dispute as well as unpaid vacations. The rate of insured employment is the number of insured unemployed

expressed as a percent of average covered employment in a
12-month period ending 6 to 8 months prior to the week of
reference. Initial claims are notices filed by those losing jobs
covered by an unemployment insurance program that they are
starting a period of unemployment. A claimant who continued
to be unemployed a full week is then counted in the insured
unemployment figure.
Because of differences in State laws and procedures under
which unemployment insurance programs are operated, State
unemployment rates generally indicate, but do not precisely
measure, differences among the individual States. Persons
wishing to receive a detailed description of the nature, sources,
inclusions and exclusions, and limitations of unemployment^
insurance data should address their inquiries to Employment
and Training Administration, Washington, D.C. 20210.

Seasonal adjustment
Many economic statistics reflect a regularly recurring seasonal movement which can be estimated on the basis of past
experience. By eliminating that part of the change which can
be ascribed to usual seasonal variation, it is possible to observe
the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series.
However, in evaluating deviations from the seasonal patternthat is, changes in a seasonally adjusted series—it is important
to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation
based on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have
a broader margin of possible error than the original data on
which they are based, since they are subject not only to sampling and other errors, but in addition, are affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally
adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment data
are published regularly in Employment and Earnings.
The seasonal adjustment methods used for these series are
an adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving average method,
with a provision for moving "adjustment factors" to take account of changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of

150




the method is given in the two publications, BLS Seasonal
Factor Method (1966) and X-11 Variant of the Census Method
II Seasonal Adjustment Program, Technical Paper No. 15,
Bureau of the Census (1967).
Data for the household series are seasonally adjusted utilizing the Census Bureau's X-11 Method. Each January, seasonal
adjustment factors for unemployment and other labor force
series are revised to take into account data from the previous
year. In January 1976, in addition to the routine annual
revisions, the Bureau introduced a modification in the procedure
for seasonally adjusting teenage unemployment and those few
other unemployment series (e.g., unemployed new entrants) of
which teenagers are the exclusive or major part. All other
series are adjusted following past procedures.
All civilian labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as
well as the major employment and unemployment estimates,
are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series.
For example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment,

and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups (males and
females under and over 20 years of age) are separately
adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to derive
seasonally adjusted total figures. In order to provide seasonally
adjusted total employment and civilian labor force estimates,
the appropriate series are aggregated. The unemployment rate
for all civilian workers is derived by dividing the estimate for
total unemployment (the sum of 4 seasonally adjusted sex-age
components) by the civilian labor force (the sum of 12 seasonally adjusted sex-age components).
Revised seasonally adjusted series for major components
of the labor force based on data through December 1976, new
seasonal factors for the 12 major components of the civilian
labor force, and a description of the seasonal adjustment
methodology are published in the February 1977 Employment
and Earnings. Many additional series, which are either components or aggregates of the series presented, are available
from the BLS upon request.
For establishment data, seasonally adjusted series for all
employees, production workers, hours, and earnings, are computed using the BLS Seasonal Factor Method. Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component levels.
Seasonally adjusted totals for most of these series are then
obtained by taking a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for the component series. Seasonally adjusted
average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted
average hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted average
weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant dollars,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing seasonally adjusted
average weekly earnings by the seasonally adjusted Consumer
Price Index. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally

adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers,
seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1967 base. For total
private, total goods producing, total private service producing,
trade, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable goods the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing
by the 1967 base.
The seasonally adjusted establishment data for Federal
Government are based on a series which excludes the Christmas temporary help employed by the Postal Service in December. The employment of these workers constitutes the only
significant seasonal change in Federal Government employment during the winter months. Furthermore, the volume of
such employment may change substantially from year to year
because of administrative decisions by the Postal Service.
Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude this group from
the data upon which the seasonally adjusted series is based.
For labor turnover rates, seasonal adjustment factors are
applied directly to the component series. These series are then
aggregated to obtain total levels (total accessions and total
separations). These factors are derived by the Census X-11
Method using the trading day option. As a result these series
are adjusted for the number of times each day of the week
occurs in a given month, as well as for the month of the year.
The revised seasonally adjusted series for the establishment
data reflect experience through August 1976. Seasonal factors
to be used for current adjustment appear in the December
1976 issue of Employment and Earnings.

Additional information concerning the preparation of the labor force, employment, hours,
earnings, and labor turnover series—concepts and scope, survey methods, and limitationsis contained in the Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 1910.

iHJ.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1977




241-006/106

151

U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
REGION I - BOSTON
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Bldg.
Government Center - Room 1603 A
Boston, Mass. 02202
REGION V - CHICAGO
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, III. 60604

REGION II - NEW YORK
1515 Broadway—Suite 3400
New York, N.Y. 10036

REGION VI - DALLAS
555 Griffin Sq., 2nd Fl.
Dallas, Tex. 75202

REGION III -PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309 (Zip 19101)
Philadelphia, Pa.

REGIONS VII & VIII - KANSAS CITY
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, Mo. 64106

REGION IV - ATLANTA
1371 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Ga. 30309

REGIONS IX & X -SAN FRANCISCO
450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102

COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES
State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program (LAUS), Current Employment Statistics Program (CES), and
Labor Turnover Statistics Program (L TS)
BLS
Region
IV
X
IX
VI
IX
VIII

ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO

I
III
Ih

CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DIST. OF COL.

IV
IV
IX
X
V
V
VII
VII
IV
VI
I
III
I

FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA.
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS

V
V
IV
VII

MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

VIM MONTANA
VII NEBRASKA
IX NEVADA
I NEW HAMPSHIRE
II NEWJERSEY
VI NEW MEXICO
II NEWYORK
IV NORTH CAROLINA
VIII NORTH DAKOTA
V OHIO
VI OKLAHOMA
X OREGON
III
I

PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND

IV
VIII
IV
VI
VIM
I
III

SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA

X
III
V
VIM

WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING




-Department of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Montgomery 36104
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 3-7000, Juneau 99802
-Department of Economic Security, P.O. Box 29026, Phoenix 85038
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203
-Employment Development Department, P.O. Box 1679, Sacramento 95808 (LAUS and CES).
-Division of Employment, Department of Labor and Employment, Room 222, 1210 Sherman Street,
Denver 80203
-Employment Security Division, Labor Department, 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 06109
-Department of Labor, 801 West Street, Wilmington 19899
-Office of Administration and Management Service, D.C. Manpower Administration, Room 626,
500 C Street, N.W., Washington 20001
-Division of Employment Security, Department of Commerce, Caldwell Building, Tallahassee 32304
-Employment Security Agency, Department of Labor, 254 Washington Street, S.W., Atlanta 30334
-Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O. Box 3680, Honolulu 96811
-Department of Employment, P.O. Box 35, Boise 83707
-Bureau of Employment Security, Department of Labor, 910 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago 60605
-Employment Security Division, 10 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 46204
-Employment Security Commission, 1000 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, 401 Topeka Boulevard, Topeka 66603
-Department of Human Resources, 275 East Main Street, Frankfort, Kentucky 40601
-Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 44094, Capitol Station, Baton Rouge 70804
-Employment Security Commission, Department of Manpower Affairs, 20 Union Street, Augusta 04330
-Department of Human Resources, 1100 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 21201
-Division of Employment Security, Charles F. Hurley Employment Security Building, Government Center
Boston 02114
-Employment Security Commission, Department of Labor, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
-Department of Employment Services, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 39205
-Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson
City 65101
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 1728, Helena 59601
-Division of Employment, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, State House Station, Lincoln 68509
-Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 602, Carson City 89701
-Department of Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 03301
-Department of Labor and Industry, 202 John Fitch Plaza, Trenton 08625
Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1928, Albuquerque 87103
-Division of Employment, N.Y. State Department of Labor, State Campus—Building 12, Albany 12201
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 25903, Raleigh 27611
-Employment Security Bureau, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58505
-Division of Research and Statistics, Bureau of Employment Services, 145S. Front St., Columbus 43216
-Employment Security Commission, Will Rogers Memorial Office Building, Oklahoma City 73105
-Employment Division, Department of Human Resources, Room 402, Labor and Industries Building,
Salem 97310
-Bureau of Employment Security, Department of Labor and Industry, Seventh and Forster Streets,
Harrisburg 17121
-Division of Statistics and Census, Department of Labor, Room 117, 235 Promenade Street, Providence 02908
(CES). Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903 (LAUS and LTS)
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 995, Columbia 29202
-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 1730, Aberdeen 57401
-Department of Employment Security, Room 519, Corded Hull Office Building, Nashville 37219
-Employment Commission, TEC Building, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778
-Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84147
-Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 488, Montpelier 05602
-Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 12064, Richmond
23241 (CES). Employment Commission, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211 (LAUS and LTS)
-Employment Security Department, 1007 South Washington Street, Olympia 98501
-Department of Employment Security, State Office Building, 112 California Avenue, Charleston 25305
-Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 7944, Madison 53707
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 2760, Casper 82601