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& 0S~3 Distribution of Occupational Employment in States and Areas by Race and Sex, 1978 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics April 1980 Bulletin 2053 Distribution of Occupational Employment in States and Areas by Race and Sex, 1978 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner April 1980 Bulletin 2053 R 33 L") L l AD For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing: Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Preface This bulletin was prepared in the Office of Employ ment Structure and Trends, Division of Local Area Unemployment Statistics, by Russ Marshall, under the direction of Sylvia Small. Valuable assistance was re ceived from Linda Jackson. Material in this publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced without the permission of the Federal Government. Please credit the Bureau of La bor Statistics and cite Distribution o f Occupational Em ployment in States and Areqs by Race and Sex, 1978, Bulletin 2053. This bulletin is the first of a series which will present percent distributions of workers in occupational groups within States and metropolitan areas by race and sex. It also contains distributions of the working-age popu lation, civilian labor force, employment, unemployment, and persons not in the labor force by race and sex. The percentages are based on 1978 annual averages from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which provides statistics on the labor force status of the population classified according to a variety of demographic, social, and economic characteristics. The basic CPS data can be found in Geographic Profile o f Employment and Un employment: States, 1978; Metropolitan Areas, 1977-78, BLS Report 571. iii Contents Page Occupational categories.............................................................................................................................................. Composition of “ black and other” category............................................................................................................ Limitations of the data .............................................................................................................................................. Tables: 1. 2. 1 1 1 Percent distribution of the working-age population and labor force by race and sex in the United States, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia, 1978 annual averages........................................... 2 Percent distribution of the working-age population and labor force by race and sex in 30 large Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 1978 annual averages............................................................ 13 Appendixes: A. Reliability of estimates and publication standards..................................................................................... B. Geographic definitions of Standard Metropolitan Statistical A re a s ........................................................ C. Occupational classification system ............................................................................................................ D. Composition of “ black and other” population......................................................................................... iv 19 21 24 30 Distribution of Occupational Employment in States and Areas by Race and Sex, 1978 The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has received numerous requests for data about the representation of women and minorities in various segments of the labor force. To help meet this expressed need for data, this bulletin presents 1978 annual average data for States and metropolitan areas in a new format: Distribution of the labor force by selected characteristics-race and sex. Data for four major population groups—white men and women, and men and women of black and other races— are included. Data from the Current Population Survey (CPS)1 are arrayed to show the percent each of these four groups constitutes of the working-age population, the civilian labor force, total employment, employment in the 10 major occupational groups, unemployment, and those not in the labor force. National data are also included to enable national comparisons among the four groups where the labor market for a particular occu pation is too broad to be confined to a single State or metropolitan area, as well as to provide a national av erage against which the State or area data can be compared. Table 1 presents data for the Nation as a whole and for the States and the District of Columbia. Table 2 contains data for the 30 largest Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA’s), which are defined in ap pendix B. Roughly 39 percent of the national civilian labor force lived in these SMSA’s in 1978. Metropoli tan area data are currently limited to these 30 SMSA’s because the CPS sample is not sufficiently large to yield reliable estimates for smaller metropolitan areas. the Nation in 1978. Within this broad category, how ever, they ranged from less than 1.0 percent of all aer onautical and astronautical engineers to 96.7 percent of all registered nurses. Therefore, it should be noted that only the broad outlines of occupational differences for the selected segments of the population are described by these data. Composition of “black and other” category There is considerable variation in the composition of the black and other category2 among the States and metropolitan areas. At the time of the 1970 Census of Population, 89 percent of the black and other popula tion were black; the remainder were American Indians, Alaskan Natives, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and all other nonwhite groups. Although there have probably been changes in the composition of this category in many areas since the 1970 census, the breakdown of the black and other group in 1970 is given in appendix D to aid the user interpreting the data. It should also be noted that the black and other cat egory does not include most persons of Hispanic ori gin. Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puer to Rican living on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic origin or descent. According to the 1970 census, approximately 96 per cent of this population were white. Limitations of the data Because the estimates included in this bulletin are derived from a sample rather than a complete count of the population, they are subject to sampling variability. Also, some estimates include some degree of rounding error. Therefore, the data should not be viewed as pre cise measures of demographic composition, but as esti mates within a limited possible range of error. A fuller discussion of the reliability of the data is included in appendix A. Occupational categories Users often inquire how specific occupations fit into the broad occupational categories used in this publica tion. For instance, registered nurses are a part of the category “professional, technical, and kindred work ers,” while practical nurses are included with “service workers.” For the convenience of the user, the specif ic occupational categories included within each of the broad occupational groups are listed in appendix C. The breadth of the occupational categories may mask wide variations in percentage distributions of race or sex groups between specified occupations within a cat egory. For instance, women made up 42.7 percent of all professional, technical, and kindred workers across 1For a detailed description of the CPS, see Employment and Earn ings, “Explanatory Notes,” published monthly by the Bureau of La bor Statistics. 2The black and other category of workers, which until recently was identified as “Negro and other races” and, prior to 1969, as “nonwhite,” includes all persons who were identified in the enumer ation process to be other than white. 1 T a b le 1. P e rce n t d is trib u tio n o f th e w o rk in g -a g e population and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in th e U nited States, the 50 S ta tes, a nd the D is tric t o f C o lu m b ia , 1978 a nnual a vera ge s White-collar employment Managers and Profes adm inis , Sales sional workers and tech trators, except nical farm Workingage pop ulation Civilian labor force Employ ment Un employ ment T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m e n ....................................... White women ................................. Black and other m e n ....................... Black and other w o m e n ................ 41.8 46.0 5.5 6.7 52.0 36.0 6.3 5.7 52.9 36.0 5.9 5.2 39.1 37.3 11.3 12.3 24.3 63.1 4.2 8.5 44.8 47.1 3.2 4.9 53.5 37.9 3.9 4.8 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m e n ....................................... White women ................................. Black and other m e n ...................... Black and other w o m e n ................ 37.1 38.9 10.5 13.6 48.9 29.6 11.5 10.1 50.3 29.6 11.1 9.1 28.7 28.7 17.8 24.8 19.9 52.3 9.1 18.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Area and demographic group Not in labor force Blue-collar employment Total Craft and kindred workers Opera tives, except transport Transport equip ment opera tives Nonfarm laborers 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 17.8 71.7 2.6 7.9 72.1 15.4 9.5 2.9 87.4 5.1 7.0 (D 52.2 32.8 8.1 6.9 78.6 6.5 14.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 57.3 38.2 2.3 2.3 19.5 69.1 2.1 9.3 64.0 10.9 20.0 5.0 84.3 3.8 11.1 (2) 100.0 Clerical workers 100.0 73.0 21.9 3.6 1.4 52.8 42.2 2.4 2.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 45.3 45.3 2.3 7.0 51.1 34.4 3.2 11.3 72.4 24.8 1.4 1.4 100.0 100.0 (2) Total Service workers Farm workers 100.0 100.0 100.0 73.5 8.9 16.2 1.5 30.5 49.7 6.9 12.9 74.1 16.7 7.7 1.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) (D 45.8 23.9 17.4 12.9 62.1 4.6 31.8 1.5 54.4 5.8 36.9 2.9 20.8 38.0 10.9 30.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) 100.0 100.0 (2) (2) (2) 100.0 (2) 85.0 5.0 10.0 (D (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 25.0 41.7 12.5 20.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) United States (D Alabama Alaska T o ta l..................................... 37.7 38.1 12.3 11.9 46.7 34.5 10.6 8.9 46.7 35.6 9.4 8.8 45.0 25.0 20.0 10.0 16.7 47.2 16.7 19.5 41.3 46.7 3.3 7.6 53.5 37.9 3.5 3.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 12.5 71.9 3.1 12.5 70.5 6.8 18.2 4.6 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) (2) 100.0 (2) White m e n ....................................... White women ................................. Black and other m e n ...................... Black and other w o m e n ................ 44.5 49.3 3.1 3.1 55.2 38.9 3.6 2.2 55.6 39.0 3.3 2.2 49.2 37.7 8.2 3.3 28.7 64.6 2.4 4.4 46.9 49.4 2.0 1.8 55.6 39.9 2.6 2.0 75.4 21.1 2.4 (D 54.0 43.4 1.3 1.3 16.5 79.4 1.2 3.0 80.5 12.9 4.8 1.9 90.3 5.7 4.1 (D 55.6 32.0 5.6 5.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 36.1 55.6 3.8 4.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m e n ....................................... White women ................................. 38.2 44.2 8.0 9.6 48.1 35.6 9.2 7.2 49.2 35.5 9.0 6.3 31.0 37.9 12.1 20.7 24.4 56.3 6.2 13.1 41.8 51.8 2.1 4.4 50.0 43.5 2.2 4.4 68.0 26.9 2.6 1.3 48.9 46.7 2.2 2.2 17.3 74.8 1.6 6.3 61.4 19.5 13.4 5.8 86.2 6.4 5.5 1.8 40.2 40.2 8.7 11.8 69.2 2.6 30.8 (D 58.5 11.3 28.3 3.8 22.6 50.4 9.6 18.3 67.1 11.0 20.7 White m e n ....................................... White women ................................. Black and other m e n ...................... Black and other w o m e n ................ Arizona Arkansas Black and other w o m e n ................ _____ See footnotes at end of table. (1) Ta b le 1. P e rc e n t d is trib u tio n of the w o rk jn g -a g s po pu la tion and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in the U nited States, the 50 S ta te s, a nd th e D is tric t of C o lum bia, 1978 ann u a l a ve ra g e s — C o n tinu e d W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t M a n a g e rs W o r k in g - C iv ilia n age pop la b o r u la tio n fo r c e m ent Un N o t in P r o fe s and la b o r s io n a l a d m in is S a le s C le r ic a l m ent E m p lo y e m p lo y fo r c e an d te c h tr a to r s , w o rk e rs w o rk e rs n ic a l A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g r o u p except T o ta l O p e ra C ra ft a n d T o ta l k in d r e d w o rk e rs t iv e s , except tra n s p o rt T ra n s p o rt e q u ip m ent S e r v ic e N o n fa rm F a rm w o rke rs w o rke rs la b o r e r s o p e ra t iv e s fa r m C a l if o r n i a T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 41.9 45.5 5.8 6.8 51.5 36.2 6.5 5.8 52.1 36.0 6.2 5.6 42.0 38.0 10.9 9.3 23.9 62.9 4.5 8.7 43.3 45.5 5.0 6.2 54.0 33.9 6.8 5.5 67.1 25.6 5.3 2.0 50.9 41.4 4.1 3.6 16.8 69.3 3.7 10.2 75.1 14.0 8.0 2.9 86.7 5.6 7.1 (D 54.5 31.0 7.1 7.4 83.5 5.9 S.6 d) 79.1 8.5 10.9 1.5 35.7 47.7 7.0 9.5 70.9 19.6 7.8 1.7 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................. 46.6 50.1 1.6 1.8 56.7 39.7 1.9 1.7 57.3 39.3 1.9 1.6 46.5 45.1 2.8 4.2 25.7 71.6 (D 2.1 47.2 49.4 1.4 1.9 59.7 37.6 1.7 1.1 71.3 26.2 2.0 (D 52.8 45.0 1.1 (D 18.7 76.5 (D 4.0 82.6 14.1 3.1 (1) 90.4 5.8 3.2 (D 66.0 30.0 3.0 1.0 89.8 7.7 2.6 (D 85.3 11.5 3.3 (D 36.4 59.5 1.2 2.9 83.7 16.3 (D (D T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) (2) 100.0 (2) White m e n ....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................. 45.2 48.7 2.5 3.6 54.2 39.4 3.1 3.4 54.9 39.0 2.9 3.1 41.8 45.6 3.8 10.1 28.2 66.1 1.6 4.0 48.2 47.8 1.4 2.7 55.8 39.9 2.2 2.2 78.6 19.5 1.9 51.8 45.5 1.8 (D (D 20.5 73.9 (D 5.2 74.6 17.2 5.5 2.8 92.2 3.9 3.3 (D 54.5 33.2 5.6 6.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 35.9 54.1 4.1 5.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) (2) 100.0 (2) White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 41.7 45.7 5.7 7.1 52.8 34.8 6.2 6.2 54.0 34.5 6.0 5.6 38.1 38.1 9.5 14.3 22.4 64.5 4.6 8.6 46.3 46.3 3.0 4.4 58.3 31.3 6.3 4.2 73.1 26.9 (D (D (2) (2) (2) (2) 15.2 76.1 2.2 6.5 74.4 10.3 10.3 5.1 88.2 5.9 3.0 (D 59.1 18.2 9.1 13.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 31.3 46.9 6.3 15.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) 100.0 (2) White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 12.0 16.4 33.3 38.3 13.9 14.2 36.5 35.6 14.9 14.9 35.3 35.3 7.2 7.2 50.0 35.7 7.8 21.0 27.0 43.7 19.8 20.8 22.9 36.6 30.9 23.5 22.1 25.0 43.3 20.0 26.7 10.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) 3.3 18.9 23.3 54.5 7.6 (D 79.3 11.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) 3.7 7.4 35.2 53.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) C o lo r a d o C o n n e c tic u t D e la w a r e D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b ia See footnotes at end of table. (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) T a b le 1. P e rce n t d is trib u tio n o f th e w o rk in g -a g e population and labor fo rc e b y race and se x in the U nited States, the 50 S ta tes, a nd th e D is tric t o f C o lu m b ia , 1978 annual a ve ra g e s — C o n tinu e d W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t M a n a g e rs C iv ilia n age pop la b o r u la t io n m ent Un N o t in P r o fe s and la b o r s io n a l a d m in is S a le s C le r ic a l m ent fo r c e E m p lo y e m p lo y fo r c e a n d te c h tr a to r s , w o rk e rs w o rke rs n ic a l W o r k in g A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g r o u p except T o ta l C ra ft an d T o ta l k in d r e d w o rk e rs O p e ra tiv e s , except tr a n s p o r t fa r m T ra n s p o rt e q u ip m ent S e r v ic e N o n fa rm F a rm w o rke rs w o rke rs la b o r e r s o p e ra tiv e s F lo r id a T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 39.4 44.7 7.3 8.6 47.2 33.9 9.9 9.0 48.0 34.1 9.8 8.2 35.9 31.4 12.2 20.4 29.2 58.7 3.9 8.1 43.9 46.3 3.5 6.2 54 7 33.4 5.5 6.1 71.1 23.7 3.2 2.2 53.5 41.7 2.2 3.0 15.7 71.3 2.9 10.1 65.9 13.3 17.2 3.6 83.3 4.6 11.3 (D 43.3 35.3 11.1 10.0 56.4 10.3 31.0 2.4 61.1 6.3 31.2 2.1 27.8 38.2 9.6 24.3 38.4 14.3 39.3 8.0 G e o r g ia T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 37.1 42.4 9.0 11.5 46.4 33.8 10.1 9.7 47.4 33.8 9.9 9.0 29.8 34.4 13.7 22.1 20.2 58.2 6.8 14.8 42.6 47.7 3.5 6.2 47.0 42.5 3.8 7.0 74.8 20.9 3.4 1.3 59.1 33.3 3.8 3.8 16.0 71.5 3.2 9.3 61.5 16.2 16.6 5.9 81.9 6.3 10.9 1.0 38.3 33.2 14.1 14.1 70.0 4.9 25.6 (D 57.6 8.5 30.5 3.4 24.1 35.6 11.2 29.1 56.1 7.6 30.3 6.1 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) (2) 100.0 (2) White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 11.5 12.5 35.9 40.1 14.1 10.3 40.8 34.8 14.2 10.1 40.9 35.2 16.1 12.9 38.7 32.3 6.1 17.4 26.0 51.0 14.8 14.8 29.6 41.3 22.2 13.0 35.2 31.5 24.3 13.5 46.0 16.2 16.0 16.0 32.0 40.0 4.2 18.1 15.3 62.5 17.2 2.0 66.7 14.2 20.0 (D 75.6 4.5 4.6 4.6 45.5 45.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 9.4 10.9 31.3 48.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................. 48.3 50.7 (D (D 59.3 39.8 (D (D 59.4 39.5 (D (D 56.5 43.5 (D (D 26.9 72.1 (D (D 45.8 52.5 (D (D 58.9 39.3 (D (D 76.9 20.5 (D (D 45.8 54.2 (D (D 15.0 83.3 (D 1.7 83.5 15.0 (1) (D 91.5 8.5 1.7 (D 67.0 35.1 (D (D (2) (2) (2) (2) 85.7 9.5 d) (D 27.1 70.8 (D (D 86.2 13.8 (D (D T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other wom en................. 41.4 45.0 6.0 7.6 52.0 35.3 6.7 6.0 53.1 35.4 6.0 5.5 35.0 33.7 16.7 14.6 21.9 62.9 4.7 10.5 44.1 45.7 3.6 6.6 52.1 35.5 4.7 7.8 73.2 20.9 3.7 2.2 55.4 39.6 2.5 2.5 17.1 70.4 3.0 9.6 73.0 14.6 9.5 2.9 87.1 4.6 7.5 (D 54.5 29.6 9.6 6.1 78.6 6.1 14.3 1.0 77.3 10.3 10.3 2.6 32.3 51.6 7.6 8.5 87.6 11.3 (D (D H a w a ii Id a h o I llin o is See footnotes at end of table. T a b le 1. P e rc e n t d istrib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e po pu la tion and labor fo rc e b y race a nd sex in the U nited States, the 50 S ta te s, a nd th e D is tric t of C o lum bia, 1978 a nnual a ve ra g e s — C o n tinu e d B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t M a n a g e rs W o r k in g - C iv ilia n age pop la b o r u la t io n E m p lo y m ent fo r c e Un N o t in P r o fe s and e m p lo y la b o r s io n a l a d m in is Sales C le r ic a l a n d te c h tr a to r s , w o rk e rs w o rk e rs n ic a l A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g ro u p except m ent fo r c e T o ta l C ra ft a n d T o ta l k in d r e d w o rke rs O p e ra tiv e s , except tr a n s p o r t fa r m T ra n s p o rt e q u ip m ent o p e ra S e r v ic e N o n fa rm F a rm w o rke rs w o rke rs laborers tiv e s I n d ia n a T o ta l..................................... 100.0 10O.O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 44.6 48.4 3.2 3.9 54.8 38.1 3.7 3.5 55.8 37.7 3.5 3.1 37.0 43.8 8.2 10.3 25.0 68.4 2.0 4.7 44.6 50.0 2.1 3.4 52.2 42.7 1.7 3.4 75.0 21.4 3.1 1.0 55.3 41.1 1.4 2.1 18.4 73.9 2.1 5.3 73.8 19.4 4.9 1.9 88.6 6.4 4.4 (D 56.2 35.0 4.9 3.9 88.0 9.0 3.0 (D 81.4 10.0 8.6 (1) 27.9 61.4 4.1 6.7 76.1 23.9 (D (D T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 47.4 50.8 (D 1.1 58.2 40.4 58.5 40.4 (D (D 54.4 40.4 3.5 1.8 25.7 71.6 1.0 1.8 45.1 53.9 52.0 46.9 55.0 45.0 20.3 79.2 82.6 16.5 (D 1.0 d) 0) (D (D 90.4 9.6 (D (D 83.9 15.5 (D (D 65.3 34.0 (D (D 24.6 72.9 (D 1.2 90.8 7.4 1.8 (D 91.2 8.8 (D (D 76.2 22.9 1.0 (D (D 2.5 (D d) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 W hite m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 45.0 49.8 2.3 3.0 54.3 40.3 2.7 2.8 54.6 40.3 2.7 2.4 42.9 40.0 5.7 14.3 25.9 69.5 1.4 3.4 44.5 52.9 1.3 1.3 54.8 42.0 1.9 1.3 76.2 22.1 1.6 (D 47.6 50.8 (D (D 14.3 82.5 1.1 2.1 77.2 16.1 5.0 2.1 89.9 7.0 3.1 (D 59.5 30.2 6.0 5.2 84.6 12.8 5.1 d) 81.4 11.9 6.8 1.7 21.6 66.0 3.9 8.5 83.3 15.6 (D (D T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m e n ...................... Black and other w om en................ 44.6 48.7 2.8 3.9 56.5 37.5 3.2 2.9 57.3 37.0 3.0 2.7 41.5 45.1 4.9 7.3 25.3 66.8 2.2 5.6 46.0 50.1 1.9 1.9 50.5 44.2 2.1 2.6 82.0 16.6 1.5 (D 51.8 44.6 1.2 2.4 20.0 75.8 2.6 1.7 77.2 17.2 4.3 1.5 91.5 5.7 2.9 (D 55.9 36.9 4.1 3.1 88.1 6.8 5.1 1.7 85.5 5.8 8.7 (D 24.6 61.0 4.3 10.2 81.8 17.3 (D (D 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 49.5 27.9 12.5 10.1 27.4 26.6 22.1 24.8 18.8 53.4 8.6 19.3 42.7 44.1 4.7 8.5 50.5 35.2 4.6 9.7 70.9 20.9 5.8 2.3 51.6 37.9 3.2 7.4 13.0 70.5 4.1 12.2 68.6 5.9 22.3 3.2 84.4 3.0 12.1 (D 59.0 11.9 20.2 9.0 60.0 6.7 33.3 1.3 50.0 3.4 43.2 2.3 23.5 31.1 11.5 34.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) Io w a (D (D K ansas K e n tu c k y L o u is ia n a T o ta l..................................... White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ See footnotes at end of table. 35.9 38.4 11.3 14.5 48.0 27.8 13.2 11.1 T a b le 1. P e rce n t d is trib u tio n o f the w o rk in g -a g e population and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in the U nited States, the 50 S ta tes, a nd th e D is tric t o f C o lu m b ia , 1978 a nnual a ve ra g e s — C on tinued B l u e - c o ll a r e m p lo y m e n t W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t M a n a g e rs W o r k in g A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g ro u p C iv ilia n age pop la b o r u l a t io n E m p lo y m ent fo r c e Un N o t in e m p lo y la b o r m ent fo r c e P r o fe s T o ta l and s io n a l a d m in is a n d te c h tr a to r s , n ic a l Sales workers Clerical workers C ra ft a n d T o ta l except k in d r e d w o rk e rs Opera tives. except transport fa r m T ra n s p o rt e q u ip m ent o p e ra S e r v ic e F a rm Nonfarm laborers w o rk e rs w o rke rs tiv e s M a in e T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 (2) White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 47.7 51.9 59.2 40.6 59.5 40.3 55.2 44.8 48.5 51.0 50.8 47.6 77.6 22.5 54.6 45.5 19.4 79.0 79.7 20.4 96.8 3.2 51.6 48.4 93.6 6.5 36.4 63.6 (D (D (D (D (D d) (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (2) (2) (2) (2) (D (D (2) (2) (2) (2) (D (D (D (D 0) (D (D (D 30.5 68.9 (1) (1) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) White m en....................................... 37.6 41.2 9.8 11.6 46.9 32.3 10.9 10.0 48.2 32.4 10.3 9.1 25.4 29 0 21.9 23.7 18.7 59 2 7.3 14.8 43.7 41 6 5.4 9.2 53.9 31 0 7.1 7.8 72.9 17 3 7.1 2.7 46.0 44 1 6.3 3.6 16.7 65 2 2.5 15.9 69.1 10.3 17.6 2.8 84.1 43 11.2 52.0 24 0 16.0 8.0 60.3 95 28.6 1.6 59.5 71 29.8 3.6 27.3 35 6 16.0 21.5 (2) (2) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 45.4 51.1 1.5 1.9 55.2 41.1 1.8 1.9 55.4 41.0 1.7 1.8 51.5 42.2 2.9 2.9 26.8 70.1 1.0 2.0 47.6 49.4 1.3 1.7 54.3 42.2 1.8 1.6 79.1 19.1 1.0 56.0 41.5 1.3 1.3 21.5 75.0 91.6 6.2 2.3 50.4 45.4 2.1 2.1 87.8 8.5 4.9 87.2 11.0 1.8 2.7 73.9 22.8 2.3 1.0 (D (D 43.7 50.1 2.4 4.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m e n ....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 42.4 45.7 5.5 6.4 53.2 35.0 6.4 5.4 54.3 34.8 6.0 4.9 38.0 37.0 11.4 13.5 23.9 64.1 4.0 8.1 44.6 47.0 3.1 5.3 55.2 36.3 4.4 4.2 74.0 20.5 4.4 1.4 51.6 43.5 2.2 3.1 17.5 71.5 2.0 9.2 74.8 13.1 10.0 2.2 89.2 3.9 6.6 59.7 23.5 12.6 4.5 81.8 6.5 10.4 2.0 75.3 11.5 11.5 1.7 28.3 55.1 5.4 11.1 77.7 23.8 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 48.2 50.0 57.4 40.8 1.1 57.9 40.4 1.0 28.6 69.3 48.8 49.4 1.1 55.3 43.3 93.6 5.5 61.1 37.1 88.1 9.5 2.4 (D (D 32.7 64.6 1.0 1.7 82.9 17.2 (D 20.2 77.3 1.0 1.3 82.7 16.0 (D 57.5 40.2 1.6 1.0 74.4 24.5 1.4 <D 46.1 50.0 1.3 2.6 M a r y la n d Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ (D (2) (2) M a s s a c h u s e tts (D (D (D M ic h ig a n (D (D (D M in n e s o ta See footnotes at end of table. (D 1.0 (D 1.4 (D (D (D (D (D 91.9 6.8 1.4 (D (D (D (D (D (D Ta b le 1. P e rc e n t d is trib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e p o pu la tion and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in the U nited States, the 50 S ta te s, a nd th e D is tric t of C o lum bia, 1978 ann u a l a ve ra g e s — C on tinued W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t M a n a g e rs W o r k in g - C iv ilia n age pop la b o r u la t io n fo r c e Un E m p lo y m ent N o t in P r o fe s and e m p lo y la b o r s io n a l a d m in is S a le s m ent fo r c e a n d te c h tr a to r s , workers n ic a l A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g ro u p except T o ta l Clerical workers C ra ft a n d T o ta l k in d r e d w o rke rs O p e ra t iv e s . except tr a n s p o r t T ra n s p o rt e q u ip m ent o p e ra S e r v ic e N o n fa rm F a rm w o rke rs w o rke rs la b o r e r s tiv e s fa r m M is s is s ip p i T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m e n ...................... Black and other w om en................ 30.1 33.9 15.7 20.4 39.2 26.4 17.1 17.3 41.3 26.8 16.7 15.2 11.8 20.6 22.1 456 17.5 44.3 13.7 24.7 41.5 42.1 5.3 11.2 45.1 31.4 7.9 15.7 68.5 20.2 7.9 3.4 51.1 44.5 (D 4.5 14.8 67.2 2.5 15.6 46.0 14.3 27.8 11.6 72.6 5.3 21.2 (1) 28.0 28.0 20.5 24.2 57.5 5.0 32.5 5.0 38.1 3.2 55.6 3.2 20.8 26.7 10.8 41.7 56.1 9.8 31.7 2.4 T o ta i..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m e n ...................... Black and other w om en................ 42.0 47.5 4.9 5.6 51.6 37.5 5.6 5.3 52.7 37.3 5.1 4.8 31.6 40.4 14.9 13.2 25.7 64.5 3.7 6.1 44.4 48.3 2.9 4.5 51.6 42.2 2.8 3.4 73.7 22.1 2.3 1.8 52.1 43.7 2.1 2.1 17.8 70.8 3.6 7.9 73.4 16.9 7.8 1.9 89.3 5.4 4.6 (D 52.7 36.0 6.7 4.6 85.4 4.9 9.8 (D 73.7 10.2 15.3 (D 24.2 53.6 7.5 14.4 81.4 17.0 1.7 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) (2) 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 47.9 47.9 2.1 2.1 58.7 37.6 2.4 1.6 59.2 37.1 2.0 1.4 50.0 45.5 4.6 4.6 27.3 67.5 2.1 3.1 45.2 52.3 1.3 1.9 56.5 39.1 (D 2.2 68.4 26.3 2.6 2.6 45.5 54.6 (D (D 14.0 82.0 (D 2.0 88.5 7.7 2.9 (D 93.6 2.1 2.1 77.3 18.2 4.6 (D (2) (2) (2) (2) 24.5 67.4 2.0 4.1 77.5 17.5 2.5 (D (2) (2) (2) (2) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 45.3 51.3 1.3 2.1 54.4 42.4 1.4 1.8 54.7 42.5 1.2 1.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) 26.0 70.1 1.1 2.5 43.5 53.9 (D 1.7 48.0 50.0 1.0 1.0 75.6 22.1 1.2 1.2 46.8 53.2 (D (D 16.8 79.2 (D 2.4 77.9 17.8 1.9 1.9 90.9 8.0 1.1 (D 53.7 38.8 3.0 6.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) 87.1 9.7 3.2 (D 22.6 72.6 2.0 3.0 82.1 16.7 (D d) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) (2) (2) 100.0 (2) White m e n ....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 47.8 46.7 2.3 3.0 56.9 37.1 3.0 3.0 57.7 36.7 2.8 2.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) 25.9 69.8 (D 2.9 45.5 50.4 2.1 2.1 56.4 38.5 2.6 2.6 72.5 22.5 2.5 (D (2) (2) (2) (2) 16.0 80.0 2.0 2.0 87.4 8.9 2.5 1.3 92.5 5.0 2.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 49.4 40.2 4.6 6.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) M is s o u r i (D M o n ta n a (D N e b ra s k a N evada See footnotes at end of table. d) T a b le 1. P erc en t d is trib u tio n o f the w o rk in g -a g e population and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in the U nited States, the 50 S ta tes, a n d th e D is tric t of C o lu m b ia , 1978 annual a v e ra g e s --C o n tln u e d B l u e - c o ll a r e m p lo y m e n t W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t M a n a g e rs W o r k in g - la b o r fo r c e Un C iv ilia n age pop u la t io n N o t in e m p lo y la b o r E m p lo y m ent fo r c e T ra n s p o rt m ent P r o fe s T o ta l and s io n a l a d m in is S a le s C le r ic a l a n d te c h tr a to r s , w o rke rs w o rk e rs n ic a l A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g ro u p except C ra ft a n d T o ta l k in d r e d w o rk e rs O p e ra t iv e s , except tr a n s p o r t S e r v ic e e q u ip m ent o p e ra N o n fa rm F a rm w o rk e rs w o rke rs la b o r e r s tiv e s fa r m N e w H a m p s h ir e 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) (2) 100.0 (2) 57.9 41.9 (D (D (2) (2) (2) (2) 29.0 70.1 (D (D 49.3 50.3 (1) (D 60.7 39.4 1.6 (D 81.3 18.8 2.1 (D 53.9 46.2 (D (D 18.1 82.0 (D (D 75.5 23.9 d) (D 93.2 6.8 (1) (D 57.5 42.1 (D (D (D (D 50.8 47.5 (D (D (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 38.8 61.2 (D (D (2) (2) (2) (2) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 41.8 47.1 5.0 6.1 52.4 36.2 5.8 5.6 53.2 36.0 5.6 5.2 41.5 39.0 8.5 11.0 23.8 65.5 3.8 7.0 46.7 44.9 3.4 5.0 52.9 37.0 5.0 5.2 76.3 18.7 3.5 1.6 56.7 40.0 1.9 1.4 19.2 70.1 2.5 8.2 70.4 16.5 9.9 3.4 88.3 3.7 7.7 (D 47.1 37.1 7.5 8.3 75.6 5.0 19.3 (D 78.4 7.2 13.7 1.4 39.5 45.7 4.6 10.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 43.5 47.2 4.1 5.4 54.7 36.8 4.6 4.2 55.2 36.4 4.5 4.0 46.0 43.0 6.7 6.7 24.7 64.8 3.2 7.4 47.2 46.8 2.3 3.4 59.6 36.2 3.2 2.1 72.7 23.6 3.6 1.8 45.2 48.4 (D 3.2 18.4 72.4 1.2 6.9 78.1 11.7 8.0 2.2 87.5 4.7 7.8 (D 61.8 23.5 8.8 5.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) 77.3 9.1 9.1 4.6 36.2 52.2 2.9 8.7 72.7 9.1 9.1 9.1 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 40.3 45.9 5.9 7.8 51.1 35.3 7.1 6.6 51.7 35.2 6.7 6.4 44.3 36.3 11.3 8.3 24.7 61.4 4.3 9.6 44.7 44.3 4.7 6.4 53.2 35.9 4.5 6.3 71.0 21.3 5.9 1.8 55.1 37.7 4.3 3.0 20.8 65.1 4.2 9.9 71.3 16.2 9.4 3.2 87.2 5.0 7.4 (D 47.6 35.6 8.2 8.5 76.5 7.2 15.5 (D 78.7 8.2 12.3 (D 39.4 37.6 9.9 13.0 77.8 20.8 1.4 T o t a l ................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 37.0 42.2 9.6 11.2 44.8 34.7 11.0 9.5 45.7 34.8 10.8 8.7 24.1 32.8 17.2 25.9 21.2 57.5 6.7 14.7 42.5 47.2 4.0 6.4 45.3 42.7 4.7 7.7 73.4 21.1 4.3 1.2 58.3 35.8 3.3 2.5 14.7 71.7 3.4 10.2 53.8 22.3 15.8 7.1 81.1 6.6 12.3 31.1 43.1 11.5 14.4 73.9 3.5 20.9 52.5 8.5 35.5 2.8 23.0 41.4 12.7 23.3 55.9 11.8 22.6 9.7 T o ta l..................................... White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 100.0 48.2 51.2 ' N e w J e rs e y N e w M e x ic o N e w Y o rk (1) N o r t h C a r o lin a See footnotes at end of table. (D (D T a b le 1. P e rc e n t d istrib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e po pu la tion and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in the U nited States, the 50 S ta te s, a n d th e D is tric t o f C o lum bia, 1978 a nnual a ve ra g e s — C o n tinu e d W h it e - c o lia r e m p lo y m e n t B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t M a n a g e rs W o r k in g - C iv ilia n age pop la b o r u la t io n fo r c e m ent Un N o t in P ro fe s and la b o r s io n a l a d m in is S a le s C le r ic a l m ent E m p lo y e m p lo y fo r c e a n d te c h tr a to r s , w o rk e rs w o rk e rs n ic a l A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g ro u p except T o ta l O p e ra C ra ft a n d T o ta l k in d r e d w o rke rs t iv e s . except tr a n s p o r t T ra n s p o rt e q u ip m ent S e r v ic e N o n fa rm F a rm w o rke rs w o rke rs la b o r e r s o p e ra tiv e s fa r m N o r t h D a k o ta T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) (2) (2) 100.0 100.0 White m e n ....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 47.9 49.0 1.3 1.7 60.4 37.1 1.4 1.4 60.7 36.8 1.1 1.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) 26.4 70.1 48.8 48.8 55.3 42.1 78.1 18.8 15.4 82.1 (D 1.6 (D (D (D (D (1) 2.6 86.2 10.8 3.1 (D 90.6 6.3 3.1 (D (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 20.0 75.0 2.5 2.5 88.5 11.5 (D 3.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 74.4 22.2 2.1 1.4 49.0 45.7 1.7 3.6 19.6 72.7 1.6 6.0 76.9 14.5 6.8 1.9 90.2 4.9 4.4 (D 60.8 27.3 7.5 4.4 83.7 7.8 8.4 30.7 54.0 5.2 10.1 83.1 18.2 (D 79.7 9.6 10.4 (D (D (D O h io T o ta l..................................... 43.1 47.7 4.1 5.1 54.3 36.7 4.6 4.4 55.1 36.8 4.2 3.9 40.8 34.8 12.4 12.4 24.1 66.3 3.4 6.3 44.3 50.0 1.9 3.9 52.4 42.3 2.9 3.0 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 42.5 47.7 4.5 5.5 53.7 37.2 4.7 4.5 54.3 37.3 4.3 4.1 36.7 32.7 14.3 16.3 25.4 63.6 4.1 7.0 45.8 49.5 1.6 2.9 59.1 37.8 1.1 2.1 73.8 22.0 3.6 1.4 46.8 53.3 (D (D 16.4 76.7 1.4 5.5 78.4 11.6 8.0 2.3 87.1 7.1 4.7 1.2 67.5 21.7 6.7 4.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) 71.4 6.4 19.1 1.6 19.7 60.6 5.5 14.3 75.0 15.4 5.8 1.9 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 47.7 48.8 1.6 1.9 57.9 39.3 1.6 1.3 58.3 39.2 1.5 1.1 52.8 41.7 2.8 4.2 28.1 67.2 1.6 3.2 47.5 50.8 75.4 24.6 57.3 43.9 15.6 81.7 (D (D 58.3 38.4 2.0 1.3 (D (D (D (D (D 1.6 85.3 12.0 2.1 (D 92.6 4.7 2.7 (D 71.8 23.6 2.7 1.8 86.0 12.0 (D (D 90.9 9.1 1.5 0) 28.4 66.1 3.1 3.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 43.2 48.7 3.5 4.5 55.6 36.9 4.0 3.5 56.6 36.8 3.5 3.2 41.8 39.3 11.5 7.4 25.2 66.0 2.9 6.0 46.6 47.6 2.2 3.6 56.0 37.9 2.9 3.2 75.3 21.1 2.0 1.5 53.7 43.9 (D 1.7 21.2 71.1 2.0 5.7 77.1 16.7 4.8 1.4 90.7 4.7 4.3 (D 57.7 35.2 3.7 3.2 87.4 6.0 6.5 (D 83.2 9.2 7.3 (D 32.2 56.2 4.7 6.8 76.1 23.9 (1) (D White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................. (1) (D O k la h o m a O re g o n P e n n s y lv a n ia See footnotes at end of table. T a b le 1. P erc en t d is trib u tio n of th e w o rk in g -a g e population and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in the U n ited States, the 50 States, a nd th e D is tric t of C o lu m b ia , 1978 annual a ve ra g e s — C on tinu e d B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t M a n a g e rs W o r k in g - C iv ilia n age pop la b o r u la t io n fo r c e Un N o t in e m p lo y la b o r E m p lo y m ent m ent fo r c e P r o fe s T o ta l and s io n a l a d m in is and te c h tr a to r s , n ic a l A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g ro u p except S a le s w o rk e rs C le r ic a l w o rk e rs C ra ft a n d T o ta l k in d r e d w o rk e rs O p e ra tiv e s , except tra n s p o rt fa r m T ra n s p o rt e q u ip m ent o p e ra S e r v ic e N o n fa rm F a rm w o rk e rs w o rke rs la b o re rs tiv e s R h o d e i s la n d T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) (2) 100.0 (2) White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 44.8 51.1 1.9 2.3 55.4 40.9 2.1 1.6 55.5 41.3 1.7 1.7 55.2 34.5 6.9 3.5 27.5 67.7 1.5 3.4 50.0 47.4 1.6 1.1 57.6 37.9 3.0 81.1 18.9 (D (D (2) (2) (2) (2) 22.4 73.1 1.5 3.0 67.1 29.7 1.3 1.9 92.2 5.9 2.0 (D 45.7 49.4 1.2 3.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 43.1 51.7 3.5 1.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 (2) White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 34.0 38.5 12.1 15.4 42.2 33.1 13.4 11.3 43.2 32.8 13.3 10.7 25.7 36.5 14.9 21.6 19.2 48.3 9.8 22.8 42.6 50.1 1.9 5.4 49.6 42.3 1.5 5.8 79.0 19.3 1.8 (D 51.5 42.4 3.0 3.0 14.7 75.0 2.0 8.3 51.1 17.0 22.9 9.0 77.9 3.7 16.9 1.6 27.6 35.5 16.3 20.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) 37.0 9.6 53.4 1.4 19.6 31.0 13.9 35.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) (2) 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 46.4 49.8 1.8 2.2 57.3 40.3 1.5 1.2 57.9 39.9 1.3 1.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) 24.4 68.9 2.4 4.9 43.0 54.7 88.9 8.3 (D (D 61.9 38.1 (D (D (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 25.5 70.3 2.1 2.1 82.0 16.4 1.6 (1) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m e n ....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................. 40.2 44.9 6.6 8.4 50.3 34.9 7.2 7.5 51.2 34.9 7.1 6.8 36.0 34.2 10.8 18.9 24.6 60.1 5.5 9.7 45.5 45.5 2.9 6.1 50.0 39.5 3.2 7.8 76.1 19.8 3.6 1.2 76.7 2.7 19.2 (D 71.2 6.7 19.2 2.9 25.4 48.4 9.0 17.2 78.0 10.2 10.2 1.7 T o ta i..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................. 42.4 45.8 5.7 6.2 52.7 35.2 6.6 5.5 53.6 34.8 6.4 5.2 34.4 41.7 11.5 12.5 23.1 65.7 3.9 7.4 46.3 47.3 2.5 3.8 55.3 38.8 1.9 4.1 76.2 19.8 3.2 (D (D S o u t h C a r o lin a S o u th D a k o ta (D (D (D 76.7 20.0 (D (D (2) (2) (2) (2) 14.3 83.3 0) 2.4 81.7 15.9 1.2 (D 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 55.1 40.8 1.0 3.1 20.2 68.1 2.9 8.8 63.1 22.0 10.3 4.8 85.3 6.2 7.0 1.5 39.4 43.8 8.1 8.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.7 74.7 2.3 6.3 73.6 12.4 11.9 2.2 86.2 5.1 8.0 (D 56.6 28.5 9.2 5.7 74.8 3.7 21.0 68.6 9.7 19.8 1.9 24.4 47.9 8.5 19.2 81.5 15.2 2.8 (D 46.0 51.4 2.7 Tennessee Texas See footnotes at end of table. 53.9 41.3 2.9 2.1 (1) Ta b le 1. P e rc e n t d is trib u tio n of the w o rkin g -a g e population and la b o r fo rc e b y race a nd sex in the U n ited States, the 50 S ta tes, a nd th e D is tric t of C o lu m b ia , 1978 a nnual a ve ra g e s — C o n tinu e d W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t M a n a g e rs W o r k in g A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g ro u p C iv ilia n age pop la b o r u la t io n fo r c e Un E m p lo y m ent N o t in P r o fe s and e m p lo y la b o r s io n a l a d m in is S a le s C le r ic a l m ent fo r c e a n d te c h tr a to r s , w o rk e rs w o rk e rs T o ta l n ic a l C ra ft a n d T o ta l k in d r e d w o rk e rs except O p e ra tiv e s , except tra n s p o rt fa r m T ra n s p o rt e q u ip m ent o p e ra N o n fa rm S e r v ic e F a rm la b o r e r s w o rk e rs w o rke rs tiv e s U ta h T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 46.5 50.4 1.6 1.4 58.9 38.2 1.9 (D 59.4 38.2 1.7 1.0 47.6 38.1 9.5 (D 25.6 71.0 1.3 2.2 49.4 48.7 1.2 1.2 57.5 40.0 2.5 1.3 78.0 20.3 1.7 (D 56.7 40.0 (1) (D 20.0 77.8 (D 2.2 80.1 17.0 2.3 (D 96.0 4.1 1.4 (D 46.9 46.9 2.0 2.0 91.3 4.4 4.4 (D 84.0 8.0 8.0 (D 30.2 65.1 1.6 1.6 88.5 7.7 (1) (D T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) (2) 100.0 (2) White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m e n ...................... Black and other w om en................ 48.3 51.7 56.8 42.8 57.7 42.4 47.3 51.8 55.0 42.5 78.3 26.1 81.2 17.4 93.3 6.7 59.1 40.9 (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (1) (D (D (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 32.3 67.8 (D (D (2) (2) (2) (2) 17.7 82.4 <1) (D (2) (2) (2) (2) 30.5 68.7 (D (D (2) (2) (2) (2) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 38.7 43.1 8.5 9.8 47.3 34 8 9.6 8.3 48.3 34.8 9.3 7.7 31.5 34.6 14.6 20.0 21.7 59.4 6.3 12.6 44.4 45.9 3.4 5.4 55.1 36.7 3.5 4.7 72.1 22.1 4.4 1.5 50.8 41.5 4.6 3.1 15.0 73.4 2.4 9.2 63.3 13.2 17.4 6.0 85.4 3.2 10.1 1.3 37.6 31.7 15.1 15.6 57.8 8.4 30.1 3.6 54.7 9.4 32.5 3.4 22.2 43.6 12.1 22.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 46.0 49.0 2.2 2.9 56.1 38.8 2.7 2.3 56.8 38.6 2.5 2.1 47.5 42.5 5.0 5.0 27.9 67.0 1.3 3.8 46.2 49.8 1.7 2.4 57.2 37.3 2.2 3.7 71.1 27.2 1.1 16.3 79.8 (D 3.2 81.4 13.7 3.9 1.2 92.6 5.1 2.3 (D 65.4 27.8 3.8 3.8 83.6 10.5 6.0 (D 77.7 15.5 6.8 1.0 33.2 59.4 2.8 4.2 75.9 20.7 1.7 (D 54.1 41.5 3.6 (D T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 47.2 50.7 1.0 1.2 64.0 34.0 1.0 (D 64.7 33.5 (D (D 54.4 41.3 2.2 d) 28.5 68.8 (D 1.7 46.3 51.9 (D 1.5 51.3 44.7 1.3 1.3 75.8 24.2 (1) (D (2) (2) (2) (2) 19.6 78.4 88.7 9.7 1.0 (D 95.9 2.5 1.7 75.5 23.5 (D 1.0 95.4 2.3 2.3 (D 95.2 4.8 (1) (D 32.5 65.1 1.2 1.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) V e rm o n t V ir g in ia W a s h in g t o n (D W e s t V ir g in ia See footnotes at end of table. (D 2.0 (D T a b le 1. P e rce n t d is trib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e population and la b o r fo rc e b y race a nd sex in the U nited S tates, the 50 States, a nd th e D is tric t o f C o lu m b ia , 1978 a n n u a h a ve ra g e s— C on tinu e d W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t M a n a g e rs W o r k in g - C iv ilia n age pop la b o r u la t io n fo r c e m ent Un N o t in P r o fe s and la b o r s io n a l a d m in is S a le s C le r ic a l m ent E m p lo y e m p lo y fo r c e a n d te c h tr a to r s , w o rk e rs w o rk e rs n ic a l A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g ro u p except T o ta l C ra ft an d T o ta l k in d r e d w o rk e rs O p e ra tiv e s , except tra n s p o rt fa r m i T ra n s p o rt e q u ip m ent o p e ra S e r v ic e Nonfarm F a rm w o rk e rs workers la b o r e r s tiv e s W is c o n s i n T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black ai d other w om en................ 46.7 50.0 1.4 2.1 56.6 40.3 1.5 1.7 57.3 40.0 1.3 1.5 44.1 45.8 4.2 5.1 26.2 69.6 1.3 3.0 44.1 53.5 (’ ) 1.6 54.0 42.9 1.4 1.7 72.6 25.9 1.0 (D 49.6 50.4 (D (D 17.1 79.1 (D 2.6 80.9 16.4 2.1 (D 92.0 6.6 1.0 (D 64.2 31.9 1.7 1.7 88.0 7.6 4.4 (D 88.6 7.6 2.9 1.0 32.9 62.8 1.0 3.3 73.5 26.5 (D (D T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (2) 1000 100.0 100.0 (2) (2) (2) 100.0 (2) White m en....................................... White w o m e n ...-.......................... Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 49.3 48.7 1.0 1.0 61.5 38.5 (D (D 71.9 23.8 (D (D (2) (2) (2) (2) 12.9 83.9 (D (D 89.9 8.7 1.5 (1) 94.1 5.9 (D (D (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 25.9 70.4 (D 3.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) ' W y o m in g 60.1 38.5 1.0 1.0 60.2 38.7 1.0 1.0 (*) (’ ) 0 (2) 25.0 72.8 1.1 1.1 1 Less than 1.0 percent. 2 Total not sufficiently large to meet BLS standards of reliability for the area, based on the sample size in that area. See appendix A. 45.5 54.6 (D (D NOTE: In some cases, the sum of items may deviate from 100.0 percent by more than 1.0 percent because of rounding. Therefore, data should not be viewed as precise measures, but as estimates within a limited possible range of error. T a b le 2. P e rc e n t d istrib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e po pu la tion and la b o r fo rc e b y race a nd sex in 30 la rg e S ta n da rd M etropolitan S ta tistic a l A re a s , 1978 a vera ge s W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t B l u e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t M a n a g e rs W o r k in g A r e a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g r o u p C iv ilia n age pop la b o r E m p lo y Un- N o t in e m p lo y la b o r P r o fe s - fo r c e m ent fo r c e T o ta l s io n a l a d m in is S a le s C le r ic a l a n d te c h tr a to r s , w o rk e rs w o rke rs n ic a l u la t io n m ent C ra ft a n d except T o ta l k in d r e d w o rk e rs O p e ra tiv e s . except tra n s p o rt T ra n s p o rt e q u ip m ent o p e ra S e r v ic e Nonfarm laborers w o rke rs tiv e s fa r m A n a h e im - S a n ta A n a -G a rd e n G ro v e T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D (D 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................ Black and other m e n ...................... Black and other w om en................ 45.9 51.1 1.5 1.5 55.9 40.9 1.9 1.4 56.1 40.7 1.9 1.4 52.8 43.4 1.9 1.9 23.8 73.4 (2) 1.9 51.0 46.5 1.3 1.3 60.6 35.0 3.1 1.9 77.2 22.0 (2) (2) 57.5 40.0 1.3 1.3 18.6 79.0 (2) 1.8 75.4 20.9 2.0 1.2 90.5 8.6 1.0 (2) 50.6 42.0 3.7 3.7 (1) (D (D (D (D (D (D (D 38.1 57.1 3.8 1.9 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 d) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D (D 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 38.1 43.5 8.4 10.0 47.1 34.6 9.2 9.2 48.0 34.5 8.6 8.9 (D (D (D (D 18.8 62.5 7.1 11.6 41.4 46.7 4.5 7.4 46.7 41.6 3.7 7.3 70.8 23.9 4.4 (2) 56.3 32.8 4.7 4.7 16.0 67.5 4.5 12.0 69.8 11.0 15.1 4.1 83.9 5.1 10.2 1.7 46.9 25.0 15.6 10.9 (D (D <D (D (D (D (D (D 26.7 30.7 13.9 27.7 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 36.3 39.6 10.8 13.3 46.2 31.0 11.9 10.8 47.9 31.5 10.8 9.7 22.0 25.0 26.5 26.5 18.0 55.4 8.8 17.7 42.8 43.4 4.5 9.2 52.6 32.7 7.0 7.0 74.8 16.5 5.8 2.9 49.0 40.8 2.0 6.1 16.9 65.7 2.4 14.5 66.0 10.8 19.1 3.8 84.0 4.8 11.2 (2) 45.1 24.4 19.5 11.0 (D (D (D d) 57.4 6.4 31.9 4.3 28.7 27.9 17.8 25.6 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................ Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 44.0 50.5 2.5 3.1 53.0 41.2 2.8 3.1 53.1 41.1 2.8 2.9 51.0 42.0 3.0 4.0 26.7 68.0 1.9 3.3 45.9 49.4 2.0 2.7 52.7 41.5 3.1 2.7 77.6 20.3 2.1 (2) 55.2 40.2 1.1 2.3 22.1 72.8 1.3 3.7 74.8 19.1 4.0 2.2 91.1 5.2 4.4 (2) 45.0 45.0 2.7 6.4 85.7 7.1 7.1 (2) 90.0 7.5 2.5 (2) 45.5 45.0 3.7 5.3 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D (D 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D (D 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 45.2 49.2 1.8 3.8 57.6 36.6 2.2 3.6 58.6 35.5 2.4 3.6 46.0 48.0 2.0 4.0 27.0 677 1.3 4.0 46.5 49.4 (2) 3.3 54.7 41.3 (2) 2.7 (D (1) (D (D (D (D (D (D 24.7 68.8 1.1 5.4 79.7 13.5 4.3 1.9 92.7 6.1 1.2 (2) 61.1 26.4 6.9 5.6 (D (1) (D (D (D (D (D (D 39.7 50.0 2.6 7.7 A t la n t a B a lt im o r e B o s to n B u f f a lo See footnotes at end of table. T a b le 2. P e rc e n t d is trib u tio n off the w o rk in g -a g e po pu la tion and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in 30 la rg e S ta n d a rd M etropolitan S ta tistic a l A re a s , 1978 annual a ve ra g e s — C o n tinu e d W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t B l u e - c o ll a r e m p lo y m e n t M a n a g e rs W o r k in g - la b o r Un C iv ilia n age pop N o t in e m p lo y la b o r u la t io n fo r c e E m p lo y m ent m ent fo r c e P r o fe s T o ta l and s io n a l a d m in is and te c h tr a to r s , n ic a l A r e a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g r o u p O p e ra except S a le s w o rk e rs C ra ft a n d C le r ic a l w o rk e rs T o ta l k in d r e d w o rke rs tiv e s , except tra n s p o rt T ra n s p o rt e q u ip m ent S e r v ic e N o n fa rm w o rke rs la b o r e r s o p e ra tiv e s la r m C h ic a g o T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 39.6 42.4 8.1 10.0 49.6 33.8 8.8 7.7 50.9 34.1 7.9 7.1 29.7 29.7 23.3 16.8 20.0 59.1 6.5 14.6 44.4 43.1 4.5 8.1 51.5 34.0 5.5 8.9 72.0 20.8 4.5 2.7 57.1 36.4 3.5 3.0 17.5 66.4 3.9 12.2 68.2 14.4 13.4 4.0 84.1 4.8 10.3 1.1 47.8 30.7 13.3 8.4 72.5 3.7 22.0 1.8 72.9 9.3 15.0 2.9 37.0 41.9 10.9 10.4 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D (D 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m e n ...................... Black and other w om en................ 40.6 46.1 6.2 7.1 50.7 36.2 6.4 6.6 51.7 36.7 5.9 5.7 (D (D (D (D 24.4 61.7 5.4 8.3 42.0 48.9 3.6 5.5 52.1 40.8 4.2 4.2 78.0 18.0 4.0 2.0 <D (D (D (D 19.5 699 3.5 8.0 71.7 16.9 7.8 3.2 86.3 6.8 5.5 1.4 54.6 29.9 9.3 6.2 (D (D (D (D (D 0) 0) (1) 30.1 49.4 8.4 12.0 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D (D 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 39.6 44.0 7.5 9.0 52.1 32.2 8.6 7.1 53.0 32.4 7.7 6.9 36.2 27.7 23.4 10.6 19.4 63.0 5.6 11.8 46.3 43.7 3.0 7.0 54.5 37.4 3.3 4.9 76.9 17.6 3.3 2.3 54.1 36.1 3.3 8.2 18.1 67.1 2.6 11.6 72.9 11.7 13.1 2.4 86.7 2.7 9.7 (2) 56.6 23.6 14.2 5.7 (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D 29.4 41.2 11.8 16.8 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 42.1 45.0 6.3 6.7 51.5 35.6 7.1 5.8 52.0 35.4 6.9 5.6 (D (D (D (D 20.8 66.2 4.5 8.6 46.2 45.7 3.8 4.3 56.4 39.1 1.0 2.5 72.9 20.0 6.5 (2) 60.2 32.4 4.6 2.8 18.1 70.3 3.6 8.3 70.3 15.3 10.7 3.7 87.4 6.0 6.0 (2) 47.4 33.1 9.8 9.8 75.0 3.8 21.2 (2) 67.2 14.1 17.2 3.1 25.9 44.1 11.2 18.9 T o ta f..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 d) 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 46.0 49.5 2.2 2.3 55.7 39.7 2.6 2.1 56.1 39.4 2.5 1.9 47.4 42.1 5.3 5.3 24.1 72.0 1.2 2.7 47.0 48.5 1.9 2.4 61.3 34.5 2.5 1.7 71.0 24.7 2.2 1.1 54.4 45.6 (2) (2) 19.0 75.2 1.3 4.6 80.0 14.6 4.4 (2) 86.5 7.9 4.5 (2) 63.6 30.9 5.4 1.8 (1) (D (D (D 86.5 10.8 2.7 (2) 41.8 53.8 1.1 3.3 C i n c in n a t i C l e v e la n d D a l l a s — F t. W o r t h D e n v e r — B o u ld e r See footnotes at end of table. T a b le 2. P e rc e n t d istrib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e po pu la tion and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in 30 la rge S ta n da rd M etropolitan S ta tistical A re a s , 1978 annual a v e ra g e s — C o n tinu e d White-collar employment Managers and Profes adminis sional and tech trators, nical except farm Workingage pop ulation Civilian labor force Employ ment Un employ ment Not In iabor force Total T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................ Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 39.5 42.3 8.2 9.9 50.5 31.7 9.5 8.3 52.1 31.9 8.7 7.3 29.6 30.3 19.0 21.1 20.7 60.5 6.1 12.8 44.0 43.9 4.1 8.0 55.3 34.8 5.0 5.0 T o ta l.................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en...................................... White w om en................................ Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 40.0 40.4 10.1 9.5 48.7 31.5 11.4 8.3 49.8 31.4 10.9 7.8 25.4 33.3 20.6 19.0 19.2 61.3 7.2 12.4 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D White m en....................................... White w om en................................ Black and other m e n ...................... Black and other w om en................ 43.6 45.6 4.9 6.0 52.6 36.1 6.2 5.3 53.4 36.0 5.8 4.7 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................ Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 41.8 46.0 6.1 6.1 T o ta l..................................... White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ Area and demographic group Blue-collar employment Total Craft and kindred workers Opera tives, except transport Transport equip ment opera tives Nonfarm laborers 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 50.9 39.3 3.6 6.3 16.2 67.0 2.7 14.5 70.9 11.2 14.8 3.0 85.5 3.3 10.8 (2) 56.2 20.1 18.4 5.7 77.8 4.2 13.9 4.2 67.1 12.9 17.1 2.9 29.5 45.5 8.7 16.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 54.6 34.4 3.3 7.7 75.7 18.4 4.4 1.5 50.6 44.2 3.9 1.3 12.4 74.7 3.3 9.5 69.6 6.8 21.0 2.3 80.1 3.3 16.1 (2) 63.0 17.6 13.9 5.6 56.5 2.2 37.0 2.2 58.3 4.2 34.7 2.8 20.9 35.8 12.8 30.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 d) (D 100.0 24.1 65.8 2.3 7.5 45.5 46.6 3.0 4.9 55.3 40.0 1.2 3.5 76.1 19.5 4.3 (2) (D (D d) (D 16.0 70.0 4.0 9.0 72.7 15.5 8.6 3.7 87.9 6.1 7.6 (2) 54.4 27.9 7.4 10.3 (1) (1) (1) (D (1) (1) (D (D 29.0 53.6 10.1 7.2 (D 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D 100.0 100.0 51.1 37.5 6.5 4.8 0) (D (D (D 24.5 64.2 4.2 6.8 42.9 50.6 3.3 3.3 54.7 37.9 3.2 3.2 75.0 22.1 2.9 1.5 52.5 42.5 2.5 (2) 15.0 75.9 3.8 5.3 73.3 12.9 11.0 2.9 85.0 7.5 7.5 1.3 57.6 28.8 5.1 8.5 (1) (1) (1) (D 70.5 6.8 22.7 (2) 26.9 48.7 9.0 17.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 48.3 34.6 9.0 8.1 49.0 34.6 8.5 7.9 38.1 34.7 15.3 11.9 21.5 58.4 6.3 13.9 40.7 42.8 7.3 9.2 50.6 32.0 8.7 8.5 63.4 24.3 9.3 2.9 50.0 38.2 6.1 6.1 17.0 63.0 5.5 14.3 69.5 15.8 11.0 3.7 81.1 6.1 12.0 (2) 53.2 31.6 8.4 6.8 81.0 4.0 13.0 2.0 74.8 7.7 14.0 4.2 35.1 44.4 7.8 12.7 Sales workers Clerical workers 100.0 74.4 17.0 6.3 2.3 100.0 42.7 47.4 3.6 6.4 100.0 (D (D (D (D 100.0 50.0 37.2 7.0 5.6 100.0 39.0 42.8 8.0 10.1 Service workers Detroit Houston Indianapolis Kansas City Los Angeles— Long Beach See footnotes at end of table. T a b le 2. P e rc e n t d is trib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e popu la tion and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in 30 la rge S ta n da rd M etropolitan S ta tistic a l A re a s , 1978 annual a ve ra g e s — C on tinu e d B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t M a n a g e rs W o r k in g - C iv ilia n age pop la b o r u la t io n fo r c e E m p lo y T ra n s p o rt m ent Un N o t in P r o fe s and e m p lo y la b o r s io n a l a d m in is S a le s C ie r ic a i m ent fo r c e a n d te c h tr a to r s , w o rke rs w o rk e rs n ic a l A r e a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g r o u p except T o ta l C ra ft an d k in d r e d tiv e s . w o rk e rs T o ta l O p e ra except tr a n s p o r t S e r v ic e e q u ip m ent o p e ra N o n fa rm w o rk e rs la b o r e r s tiv e s fa r m M ia m i T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D (D 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 35.7 40.8 10.8 12.7 42.6 30.7 14.0 12.9 43.0 31.2 13.9 11.9 37.0 23.9 15.2 26.1 24.7 57.0 5.9 12.4 42.2 39.4 7.1 11.4 54.1 28.2 7.1 9.4 65.7 22.4 7.5 4.5 (D (D (D (D 17.8 57.4 7.0 17.8 52.0 20.2 23.3 4.5 71.6 7.4 18.5 1.2 29.9 48.1 13.0 9.1 (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D 24.0 30.0 14.0 31.0 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D (D 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 43.2 49.0 3.2 4.4 53.9 39.6 3.1 3.4 54.7 39.5 2.8 3.0 (1) (D (D (D 21.8 68.1 3.4 6.6 44.1 51.7 1.7 2.5 53.1 42.5 1.8 2.7 71.3 26.3 1.3 1.3 45.7 54.3 (2) (2) 15.7 77.4 2.6 4.3 79.2 14.2 4.9 1.8 91.3 6.5 2.2 (2) 63.6 28.6 3.9 5.2 (D (D (D (D (D (1) (D (D 35.9 55.4 2.2 6.5 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D (D 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 47.0 50.0 1.5 1.5 55.7 41.5 1.6 1.2 56.2 41.1 1.6 1.1 (D (D (D (D 24.7 71.7 1.2 2.6 49.2 48.2 1.6 1.1 58.9 38.1 2.0 1.0 74.6 23.8 1.6 (2) 58.3 40.5 1.2 (2) 22.3 74.9 1.4 1.9 80.4 17.5 1.4 (2) 91.5 6.6 (2) (2) 59.8 39.1 1.1 1.1 (D (D (D d) (D (D (D (D 38.5 56.8 2.0 2.7 M ilw a u k e e M i n n e a p o li s — S t. P a u l N a s s a u — S u f f o lk T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. 44.7 49.4 27 3.3 57.0 36.4 33 3.3 58.1 35.6 31 3.2 39.8 48.2 60 6.0 24.5 70.7 16 3.1 51.2 44.2 17 2.9 61.2 33.8 20 3.0 82.8 13.1 28 1.4 56.1 42.9 10 (2) 22.4 71.8 1.2 5.0 79.7 13.3 47 2.3 92.3 4.2 3,5 (D (1) (1) (2) 50.7 38.0 2.8 8.5 (D 85.3 7.8 59 2.0 46.7 42.0 60 6.0 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 35.4 41.6 9.9 13.0 45.3 31.9 11.9 10.9 45.8 32.0 11.4 10.8 39.8 30.5 17.7 11.9 22.0 54.9 7.1 16.0 41.5 40.5 7.7 10.3 48.4 34.1 7.2 10.3 66.2 21.1 10.2 2.5 56.8 30.0 7.8 5.3 20.3 57.6 6.9 15.1 62.0 14.8 17.5 5.6 79.7 3.5 15.9 1.0 38.1 34.5 13.8 13.8 72.6 1.6 25.8 (2) 71.8 4.3 23.9 (2) 37.2 25.0 16.5 21.0 Black and other w om en................ N e w Y o rk See footnotes at end of table. T a b le 2. P e rc e n t d istrib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e po pu la tion and la b o r fo rc e b y race a nd sex in 30 la rge S ta n da rd M etro po litan S ta tistic a l A re a s , 1978 annual a ve ra g e s — C o n tinu e d W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t M a n a g e rs W o r k in g - C iv ilia n age pop- la b o r Un N o t in e m p lo y - la b o r u la t io n fo r c e E m p lo y m ent m ent fo r c e P ro fe s a d m in is - a n d te c h T o ta l and s io n a l tr a to r s , n ic a l A r e a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g r o u p except Sales workers Clerical workers C ra ft a n d T o ta l k in d r e d w o rke rs Operaexcept tr a n s p o r t fa r m T ra n s p o rt S e r v ic e e q u ip m ent o p e ra laborers w o rke rs t iv e s N e w a rk T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (1) (D 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 38.1 42.9 8.5 10.5 48.2 33.6 9.3 8.9 48.7 33.8 9.1 8.4 41.5 30.8 12.3 16.9 20.1 59.7 7.1 13.1 43.8 42.4 5.2 8.6 48.8 35.3 7.1 8.8 70.2 19.2 6.7 2.9 54.1 42.6 1.6 (2) 17.7 63.4 3.7 15.2 61.9 15.0 17.3 5.8 77.8 5.6 15.6 1.1 39.6 34.1 12.1 14.3 (D d) (D d) (D (D (D (D 39.6 39.6 7.2 13.5 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m e n...................... Black and other w om en................ 38.4 44.3 7.6 9.7 50.0 34.3 8.5 7.3 51.3 34.9 7.3 6.5 32.3 27.4 23.8 16.5 21.4 59.3 6.1 13.2 44.8 44.4 4.1 6.7 53.0 35.9 5.3 5.8 73.4 20.1 4.2 2.8 53.8 41.2 (2) 4.2 18.9 66.0 4.0 10.6 70.8 14.1 12.1 3.2 84.3 4.8 10.5 (2) 49.5 32.0 10.5 8.0 79.7 4.1 14.9 (2) 73.8 7.5 18.8 1.3 32.1 44.2 9.2 14.5 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D 100.0 100.0 W hite m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m e n ...................... Black and other w om en................ 45.2 49.6 2.5 2.7 58.6 36.5 2.8 2.2 59.6 35.9 2.5 2.2 43.6 46.8 8.1 1.6 26.7 67.7 2.2 3.4 49.1 47.6 1.3 2.1 58.2 38.2 1.8 1.8 75.0 20.2 2.4 1.2 52.8 44.5 1.4 (2) 23.6 72.1 (2) 3.7 85.5 10.3 3.9 (2) 93.8 3.4 2.8 (2) 71.1 22.7 4.1 1.0 d) (1) (D (D 87.9 8.6 5.2 (2) 32.8 56.7 3.7 6.7 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (1) 100.0 100.0 100.0 d) (D (D 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m e n ....................... Black and other w om en................ 45.1 48.2 2.7 3.9 55.5 36.1 3.9 4.4 56.7 35.9 3.6 3.8 41.0 38.5 7.7 12.8 29.8 66.1 1.0 3.1 41.2 52.3 1.2 5.0 56.7 35.8 1.5 6.0 74.1 20.4 3.7 1.9 (D (D (D (D 13.3 79.1 1.0 6.7 87.6 7.6 4.9 (2) 96.7 1.1 2.2 (2) (D (D (D (D (D d) (D (D (D (1) (1) (D 31.1 51.4 6.8 9.5 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m e n ...................... Black and other w om e n ................ 38.7 44.6 7.4 9.3 49.1 34.2 8.2 8.6 50.7 34.2 7.5 7.8 23.8 33.3 20.6 20.6 20.8 62.4 6.0 10.6 43.7 44.8 3.8 7.7 50.9 37.7 4.2 7.8 72.6 20.5 4.3 3.4 57.1 35.7 3.6 3.6 17.5 67.5 3.8 11.8 74.5 10.3 12.6 2.6 90.4 3.5 5.3 (2) 56.3 21.4 15.5 6.8 (1) (1) (D (D 72.5 3.9 21.6 2.0 26.8 42.3 11.4 19.5 P h i la d e lp h ia P it t s b u r g h R iv e r s id e — S a n B e r n a r d in o — O n t a r io S t. L o u is See footnotes at end of table. T a b le 2. P e rc e n t d is trib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e population and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in 30 large S ta n da rd M etropolitan S ta tistic a l A re a s , 1978 annual a ve ra g e s — C on tinu e d Blue-collar employment White-collar employment Managers and Profes adminis sional and tech trators, except nical farm Total Craft and kindred workers Opera tives. except transport Transport equip ment opera tives Nonfarm laborers 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D (D 100.0 48.1 42.3 3.8 5.8 15.9 73.2 2.9 8.0 75.5 14.0 5.5 4.5 89.4 6.4 5.3 (2) 53.4 27.6 3.4 15.5 (D (D (D (D (1) (D (D (D 38.5 49.5 4.6 7.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 50.3 33.4 9.1 7.1 63.7 24.9 8.3 2.6 53.2 36.7 7.3 4.6 18.0 62.1 5.7 13.9 72.8 9.4 12.9 4.6 82.1 5.4 10.7 1.8 51.1 20.7 14.1 14.1 75.5 3.8 18.9 1.9 77.6 8.6 13.8 (2) 33.2 36.7 14.6 15.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D (D 100.0 18.9 71.0 3.1 6.9 47.6 45.2 3.7 3.7 61.8 28.2 8.4 2.3 68.8 28.6 1.3 1.3 (1) (D (D (D 17.1 74.0 1.6 7.3 71.4 19.0 4.8 4.2 88.9 5.6 2.8 1.4 46.2 38.5 4.6 9.2 (D (D (D (D d) 0) (D (D 45.5 43.9 7.6 3.0 (D 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D (D (D 100.0 54.9 39.1 3.5 2.5 (D (D (D (D 26.8 66.2 2.0 5.0 48.1 47.6 2.0 2.2 59.2 34.4 2.5 3.8 68.4 30.4 1.3 (2) 58.7 36.5 4.8 (2) 20.5 76.0 (2) 2.7 77.5 14.1 5.8 2.6 88.6 8.0 3.4 1.1 (D (D (1) (D (D (D (D (D <D (D 38.8 50.6 5.9 4.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 41.5 30.6 14.3 13.7 42.2 30.9 13.7 13.2 24.6 23.2 26.1 24.6 18.8 53.3 9.9 18.0 40.9 37.3 8.6 13.1 52.3 29.4 8.8 9.5 63.9 23.1 9.6 3.4 47.6 37.8 8.5 6.1 12.7 55.0 7.8 24.5 60.5 4.9 30.9 4.1 74.2 1.6 23.4 1.6 50.0 15.7 17.6 15.7 33.3 5.6 58.3 2.8 53.1 4.1 38.8 4.1 24.5 29.9 19.6 26.1 Workingage pop ulation Civilian labor force Employ ment Un employ ment Not in labor force T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 42.2 48.2 4.0 5.6 51.9 38.0 4.5 5.6 52.6 38.1 3.9 5.4 41.2 37.3 11.8 7.8 24.5 66.7 3.1 5.7 45.1 46.8 2.9 5.1 58.5 33.9 3.4 4.2 67.3 27.7 2.0 3.0 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 39.2 41.4 9.4 10.1 48.0 33.2 10.3 8.5 48.6 33.2 9.9 8.3 39.5 33.3 16.7 11.4 22.4 56.9 7.6 13.0 42.4 41.9 7.7 8.2 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 (D 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 43.6 47.4 3.5 4.9 53.4 37.9 4.7 4.0 53.8 37.8 4.4 3.9 (D (D (D (D T o ta l..................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en...................... Black and other w om en................ 45.8 47.7 3.1 3.4 54.2 39.4 3.5 2.7 T o ta l..................................... 100.0 White m en....................................... White w om en................................. Black and other m en....................... Black and other w om en................ 34.6 37.4 13.0 15.0 Area and demographic group Total Sales workers Clerical workers Service workers San Diego San Francisco—Oakland San .Jose Seattle— Everett (1) (D Washington, D.C. 1 Total not sufficiently large to meet BLS standards of reliability for the area, based on the sample size in that area. See appendix A. 2 Less than 1.0 percent. NOTE: In some cases, the sum of items may deviate from 100.0 percent by more than 1.0 percent because of rounding. Therefore, data should not be viewed as precise measures, but as estimates w ithin a limited possible range of error. Appendix A. Reliability of Estimates and Publication Standards Reliability of estimates The estimates presented in this bulletin are based on the Current Population Survey (CPS)—a sample of the population rather than a complete count. Consequent ly, these estimates may differ from the figures that would have been obtained if it had been possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and proce dures that were used in the CPS. In general, the rela tive error of a sample estimate varies inversely with the size of the sample and the size of the estimate. Hence, an estimate for a small subgroup of the population with in an area will tend to have a relatively larger error than an estimate for a subgroup constituting a large proportion of the population within that area. Publication standards The proportion of the total population sampled in the CPS differs among many of the areas for which 19 data are reported in this bulletin. Differences in the sample size are necessary to obtain statistically consis tent total unemployment levels—with an annual coef ficient of variation of 10 percent or less (at one stand ard error) at a 6-percent unemployment rate. For in stance, in Vermont, about 1 in every 350 households is surveyed, whereas in Iowa, about 1 in every 1200 house holds is sampled. BLS also requires that at least 30 sam ple cases be the basis for any distribution of levels or percentages of State or area data. Estimates are not shown in this bulletin when they do not meet the minimum standard for the area listed in table A-l. The determining factor is the size of the base of the distribution. For example, in any of the ta bles in this bulletin, the base for any demographic dis tribution is the total being distributed, such as total working-age population, total unemployed, or total em ployment in a specific occupational group. T a b le A -1 . M inim um ba se s re q u ire d fo r pu b lic atio n of State o r area data (in thousands) S ta te o r a re a Alabama............................................................... Alaska................................................................... Arizona................................................................. Arkansas............................................................... California............................................................. Colorado............................................................... Connecticut......................................................... Delaware............................................................... District of Columbia........................................... Florida................................................................... Georgia................................................................. Hawaii.................................................................... Idaho..................................................................... Illinois................................................................... Indiana................................................................. Iowa........................................................................ Kansas ................................................................. Kentucky ............................................................. Louisiana............................................................. M aine................................................................... Maryland............................................................... Massachusetts................................................... Michigan............................................................... Minnesota............................................................. Mississippi........................................................... Missouri............................................................... Montana............................................................... Nebraska............................................................. M in im u m b a s e S ta te o r a re a M in im u m b a s e Nevada ................................................................. New Hampshire................................................... New Jersey........................................................... New Mexico......................................................... New York.............................................................. North Carolina..................................................... North Dakota....................................................... O h io ...................................................................... Oklahoma............................................................. Oregon.................................................................. Pennsylvania....................................................... Rhode Island....................................................... 44 35 46 33 46 20 21 46 46 46 Boston SMSA....................................................... Denver-Boulder SMSA......................................... Kansas City SMSA............................................... Washington, D.C., S M S A ................................... All other SMSA’s ................................................. 20 20 South Carolina..................................................... South Dakota....................................................... Tennessee ........................................................... Texas...................................................................... Utah........................................................................ Vermont............................................................... Virginia ................................................................. Washington......................................................... West Virginia....................................................... Wisconsin........................................................... Wyoming............................................................. 46 39 21 46 20 46 55 20 46 48 49 46 25 20 20 46 46 41 34 46 46 21 61 39 20 46 49 20 20 65 48 34 51 20 46 52 33 46 20 30 20 34 38 21 46 Appendix B. Geographic Definitions of Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas A Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) is defined as a county containing at least one city with 50,000 inhabitants or more, or several economically and socially related contiguous counties with at least one city of 25,000 inhabitants or more. In the New England States, where SMSA’s are comprised of cities and towns, the minimum population size is 75,000. The geographic definitions of the SMSA’s are occa sionally revised by the Office of Federal Statistical Pol icy and Standards, resulting in a break in the data se ries for the revised areas. Table B-l compares the ge ographic composition of the 30 large SMSA’s accord ing to their 1970 and 1973 definitions. The 1973 defini tions are the most current definitions and are the basis for the SMSA data in this bulletin. 21 Ta b le B -1 . G e o g ra p h ic de fin itio n s of S tandard M etropolitan S tatistical A re a s 1970 definition Area Anaheim—Santa Ana— Garden Grove...................... 1973 definition Orange County Same Atlanta..................................... Countries of Cobb, Clayton, DeKalb, Fulton, Gwinnett 1970 definition plus counties of Butts, Cherokee, Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth, Henry, Newton, Paulding, Rockdale, Walton Baltimore................................. City of Baltimore; counties of Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, Howard Same Boston..................................... Suffolk County and parts of counties of Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Plymouth 1970 definition plus Boxford Town in Essex County; towns of Acton, Boxborough, Carlisle, Holliston in Middlesex County; Bellingham, Foxborough, Franklin, Medway, Stoughton, Wrentham in Norfolk County; and Abington, Hanson, Kingston in Plymouth County Buffalo..................................... Counties of Erie and Niagara Same Chicago................................... Counties of Cook, Du Page, Kane, Lake, McHenry, Will Same Cincinnati............................... Ohio portion: Counties of Clermont, Hamilton, Warren Same Kentucky portion: Counties of Boone, Campbell, Kenton Indiana portion: Dearborn County Cleveland................................. Counties of Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Medina Same Dallas—Fort Worth................. Counties of Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Kaufman, Rockwall, Johnson, Tarrant 1970 definition plus counties of Hood, Parker, Wise Denver—Boulder.................... Counties of Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder, Jefferson, Denver 1970 definition plus counties of Douglas and Gilpin Detroit..................................... Counties of Macomb, Oakland, Wayne 1970 definition plus counties of Lapeer, Livingston, St. Clair Houston................................... Counties of Brazoria, Fort Bend, Harris, Liberty, Montgomery 1970 definition plus Waller County Indianapolis.............................. Counties of Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Johnson, Marion, Morgan, Shelby Same Kansas City.............................. Missouri portion: Counties of Cass, Clay, Jackson, Platte 1970 definition plus Ray County, Missouri Kansas portion: Counties of Johnson and Wyandotte Los Angeles—Long Beach. . . . Los Angeles County Same Miami....................................... Dade County Same Milwaukee............................... Counties of Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Washington, Waukesha Same Minneapolis—St. Paul............. Minnesota portion: Counties of Anoka, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey, Washington 1970 definition plus counties of Carver, Chisago, Scott, Wright, Minnesota; and St. Croix, Wisconsin Nassau—Suffolk.................... Counties of Nassau and Suffolk Same New York................................. New York City (5 counties), and counties of Rock land and Westchester 1970 definition plus Putnam County, New York, and Bergen County, New Jersey Newark..................................... Counties of Essex, Morris, Union 1970 definition plus Somerset County Philadelphia............................ Pennsylvania portion: Counties of Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, Philadelphia Same New Jersey portion: Counties of Burlington, Camden, Gloucester Pittsburgh.............................. Riverside—San Bernardino—Ontario........... Counties of Allegheny, Beaver, Washington, Westmoreland Same Counties of Riverside and San Bernardino Same 22 T a b le B -1 . G e o g ra p h ic d e fin itio n s of S ta n da rd M etropolitan S tatistical A re a s — C on tinu e d A re a 1 9 7 0 d e fin itio n St. Louis................................... 1 9 7 3 d e fin itio n Missouri portion: St. Louis City and counties of Franklin, Jefferson, St. Charles, St. Louis 1970 definition plus counties of Clinton and Monroe, Illinois Illinois portion: Counties of Madison and St. Clair San Diego................................. San Diego County Same San Francisco—Oakland......... Counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, San Francisco, San Mateo Same San Jose................................... Santa Clara County Same Seattle—Everett...................... Counties of King and Snohomish Same Washington, D.C.................... District of Columbia 1970 definition plus Charles County, Maryland t Virginia portion: Counties of Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, Prince William; cities of Alexandria, Falls Church, Fairfax, Manassas, Manassas Park Maryland portion: Counties of Montgomery and Prince Georges 23 Appendix C. Occupational Classification System The classification system used for the occupational data follows the taxonomy used in the 1970 Census of Population, which is exhaustive of total employment. These data are arranged into four major groups and cross-classified with 1970 census codes as follows: 001 to 395 - white-collar workers 401 to 785 - blue-collar workers 901 to 984 - service workers 801 to 824 - farm workers The total for white-collar workers is the sum of the estimates for professional, technical, and kindred work ers; managers and administrators; sales workers; and clerical workers. Similarly, the estimates for craft work ers; operatives, except transport; transport equipment operatives; and nonfarm laborers add up to the total for blue-collar workers. These detailed classifications correspond exactly with the groups having the same titles in the 1970 census. Data for service workers and farm workers are not separated into more detailed cate gories in this bulletin. The detailed occupational categories that are con tained within the broad categories in this bulletin are listed in table C-l for the convenience of the user. A more detailed treatment of this subject may be found in: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1970 Census o f Popula tion Alphabetical Index o f Industries and Occupations and 1970 Census o f Population Classified Index of Industries and Occupations (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971). 24 Table C-1. categories Detailed occupational categories contained within the broad occupational Professional, technical, and kindred workers— Continued Professional, technical, and kindred workers Nurses, dietitians, and therapists Dietitians Registered nurses Therapists Health technologists and technicians Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Dental hygienists Health record technologists and technicians Radiologic technologists and technicians Therapy assistants Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c. Religious workers Clergy Religious workers, n.e.c. Social scientists Economists Political scientists Psychologists Sociologists Urban and regional planners Social scientists, n.e.c. Social and recreation workers Social workers Recreation workers Teachers, college and university Agriculture teachers Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space teachers Biology teachers Chemistry teachers Physics teachers Engineering teachers Mathematics teachers Health specialties teachers Psychology teachers Business and commerce teachers Economics teachers History teachers Sociology teachers Social science teachers, n.e.c. Art, drama, and music teachers Coaches and physical education teachers Education teachers English teachers Foreign language teachers Home economics teachers Law teachers Theology teachers Trade, industrial, and technical teachers Miscellaneous teachers, college and university Teachers, college and university, subject not specified Accountants Architects Computer specialists Computer programmers Computer systems analysts Computer specialists, n.e.c. Engineers Aeronautical and astronautical engineers Chemical engineers Civil engineers Electrical and electronic engineers Industrial engineers Mechanical engineers Metallurgical and materials engineers Mining engineers Petroleum engineers Sales engineers Engineers, n.e.c. Farm management advisors Foresters and conservationists Home management advisors Lawyers and judges Judges Lawyers Librarians, archivists, and curators Librarians Archivists and curators Mathematical specialists Actuaries Mathematicians Statisticians Life and physical scientists Agricultural scientists Atmospheric and space scientists Biological scientists Chemists Geologists Marine scientists Physicists and astronomers Life and physical scientists, n.e.c. Operations and systems researchers and analysts Personnel and labor relations workers Physicians, dentists, and related practitioners Chiropractors Dentists Optometrists Pharmacists Physicians, medical and osteopathic Podiatrists Veterinarians Health practitioners, n.e.c. 25 Table C-1. Detailed occupational categories contained within the broad occupational categories—Continued Professional, technical, and kindred workers— Continued Managers and administrators, except farm— Continued Teachers, except college and university Adult education teachers Elementary school teachers Prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers Secondary school teachers Teachers, except college and university, n.e.c. Engineering and science technicians Agriculture and biological technicians, except health Chemical technicians Drafters Electrical and electronic engineering technicians .Industrial engineering technicians Mechanical engineering technicians Mathematical technicians Surveyors Engineering and science technicians, n.e.c. Technicians, except health, engineering, and science Airplane pilots Air traffic controllers Embalmers Flight engineers Radio operators Tool programmers, numerical control Technicians, n.e.c. Vocational and educational counselors Writers, artists, and entertainers Actors Athletes and kindred workers Authors Dancers Designers Editors and reporters Musicians and composers Painters and sculptors Photographers Public relations specialists and publicity writers Radio and television announcers Writers, artists, and entertainers, n.e.c. Research workers, not specified Construction inspectors, public administration Inspectors, except construction, public administration Managers and superintendents, building Office managers, n.e.c. Officers, pilots, and pursers; ship Officials and administrators; public administration, n.e.c. Officials of lodges, societies, and unions Postmasters and mail superintendents Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c. Railroad conductors Restaurant, cafeteria, and bar managers Sales managers and department heads, retail trade Sales managers, except retail trade School administrators, college School administrators, elementary and secondary Managers and administrators, n.e.c. Sales workers Advertising agents and sales workers Auctioneers Demonstrators Hucksters and peddlers Insurance agents, brokers, and underwriters Newspaper carriers and vendors Real estate agents and brokers Stock and bond sales agents Sales workers, n.e.c. Sales representatives, manufacturing industries Sales representatives, wholesale trade Sales clerks, retail trade Sales workers, except clerks, retail trade Sales workers, services and construction Clerical and kindred workers Bank tellers Billing clerks Bookkeepers Cashiers Clerical assistants, social welfare Clerical supervisors, n.e.c. Collectors, bill and account Counter clerks, except food Dispatchers and starters, vehicle Enumerators and interviewers Estimators and investigators, n.e.c. Expediters and production controllers File clerks Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators Library attendants and assistants Managers and administrators, except farm Assessors, controllers, and treasurers, local public administration Bank officers and financial managers Buyers and shippers, farm products Buyers, wholesale and retail trade Credit and collection managers Funeral directors Health administrators 26 Table C-1. Detailed occupational categories contained within the broad occupational categories— -Continued Craft and kindred workers—Continued Clerical and kindred workers—Continued Dental laboratory technicians Electricians Electrician apprentices Electric power line and cable installers and repairers Electrotypers and stereotypers Engravers, except photoengravers Excavating, grading, and road machine operators; except bulldozer Floor layers, except tilesetters Blue-collar worker supervisors, n.e.c. Forge and hammer operators Furniture and wood finishers Furriers Glaziers Heat treaters, annealers, and temperers Inspectors, scalers, and graders; log and lumber Inspectors, n.e.c. Jewelers and watchmakers Job and die setters, metal Locomotive engineers Locomotive engineer helpers Machinists Machinist apprentices Mechanics and repairers Air-conditioning, heating, and refrigeration Aircraft Automobile body repairers Automobile mechanics Automobile mechanic apprentices Data processing machine repairers Farm implement Heavy equipment mechanics, including diesel Household appliance and accessory installers and mechanics Loom fixers Office machine Radio and television Railroad and car shop Mechanics, except auto, apprentices Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers Not specified mechanics and repairers Millers; grain, flour, and feed Millwrights Molders, metal Molder apprentices Motion picture projectionists Opticians, and lens grinders and polishers Painters, construction and maintenance Painter apprentices Paperhangers Pattern and modelmakers, except paper Photoengravers and lithographers Piano and organ tuners and repairers Mail carriers, post office Mail handlers, except post office Messengers and office helpers Meter readers, utilities Office machine operators Bookkeeping and billing machine operators Calculating machine operators Computer and peripheral equipment operators Duplicating machine operators Keypunch operators Tabulating machine operators Office machine operators, n.e.c. Payroll and timekeeping clerks Postal clerks Proofreaders Real estate appraisers Receptionists Secretaries Secretaries, legal Secretaries, medical Secretaries, n.e.c. Shipping and receiving clerks Statistical clerks Stenographers Stock clerks and storekeepers Teacher aides, except school monitors Telegraph messengers Telegraph operators Telephone operators Ticket, station, and express agents Typists Weighers Miscellaneous clerical workers Not specified clerical workers Craft and kindred workers Automobile accessories installers Bakers Blacksmiths Boilermakers Bookbinders Brickmasons and stonemasons Brickmasons and stonemasons, apprentices Bulldozer operators Cabinetmakers Carpenters Carpenter apprentices Carpet installers Cement and concrete finishers Compositors and typesetters Printing trade apprentices, except printing press Crane, derrick, and hoist operators Decorators and window dressers 27 Table C-1. Detailed occupational categories contained within the broad occupational categories—Continued Craft and kindred workers—Continued Operatives, except transport—Continued Milliners Mine operatives, n.e.c. Mixing operatives Oilers and greasers, except auto Packers and wrappers, except meat and produce Painters, manufactured articles Photographic process workers Precision machine operatives Drill press operatives Grinding machine operatives Lathe and milling machine operatives Precision machine operatives, n.e.c. Punch and stamping press operatives Riveters and fasteners Sailors and deckhands Sawyers Sewers and stitchers Shoemaking machine operatives Solderers Furnace tenders and stokers, except metal Textile operatives Carding, lapping, and combing operatives Knitters, loopers, and toppers Spinners, twisters, and winders Weavers Textile operatives, n.e.c. Welders and flamecutters Winding operatives, n.e.c. Machine operatives, miscellaneous specified Machine operatives, not specified Miscellaneous operatives Not specified operatives Plasterers Plasterer apprentices Plumbers and pipefitters Plumber and pipefitter apprentices Power station operators Printing press operators Printing press apprentices Rollers and finishers, metal Roofers and slaters Sheetmetal workers and tinsmiths Sheetmetal apprentices Shipfitters Shoe repairers Sign painters and letterers Stationary engineers Stonecutters and stone carvers Structural metal craft workers Tailors Telephone installers and repairers Telephone line installers and repairers Tilesetters Tool-and-die makers Tool-and-die maker apprentices Upholsterers Specified craft apprentices, n.e.c. Not specified apprentices Craft and kindred workers, n.e.c. Operatives, except transport Asbestos and insulation workers Assemblers Blasters Bottling and canning operatives Surveyor helpers Checkers, examiners, and inspectors; manufacturing Clothing ironers and pressers Cutting operatives, n.e.c. Dressmakers, except factory Drillers, earth Dry wall installers and lathers Dyers Filers, polishers, sanders, and buffers Furnace tenders, smelters, and pourers metal Garage workers and gas station attendants Graders and sorters, manufacturing Produce graders and packers, except factory and fari Heaters, metal Laundry and dry cleaning operatives, n.e.c. Meatcutters and butchers, except manufacturing Meatcutters and butchers, manufacturing Meatwrappers, retail trade Metal platers Transport equipment operatives Boat operators Bus drivers Conductors and operators, urban rail transit Delivery and route workers Forklift and tow motor operatives Rail vehicle operators, n.e.c. Parking attendants Railroad brake operators and couplers Railroad switch operators Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs Truck drivers Laborers, except farm Animal caretakers, except farm Carpenters’ helpers Construction laborers, except carpenters’ helpers Fishers, hunters, and trappers Freight and material handlers 28 Table C-1. Detailed occupational categories contained within the broad occupational categories—Continued Service workers—Continued Laborers, except farm—Continued Garbage collectors Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm Longshore workers and stevedores Timber cutting and logging workers Stock handlers Teamsters Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners Warehouse laborers, n.e.c. Miscellaneous laborers Not specified laborers Farm workers Farmers (owners and tenants) Farm managers Farm labor supervisors Farm laborers, wage workers Farm laborers, unpaid family workers Farm service laborers, self-employed Service workers Cleaning service workers Lodging quarters cleaners, except private household Building interior cleaners, n.e.c. Janitors and sextons Food service workers Bartenders Waiters’ attendants Cooks, except private household Dishwashers Food counter and fountain workers Waiters and waitresses Food service workers, n.e.c., except private household i Health service workers Dental assistants Health aides, except nursing Health trainees Lay midwives Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants Practical nurses Personal service workers Flight attendants Attendants, recreation and amusement Attendants, personal service, n.e.c. Baggage porters and bellhops Barbers Boarding and lodging housekeepers Bootblacks Child care workers, except private household Elevator operators Hairdressers and cosmetologists Personal service apprentices Housekeepers, except private household School monitors Ushers, recreation and amusement Welfare service aides Protective service workers Crossing guards and bridge tenders Firefighters Guards Marshals and constables Police and detectives Sheriffs and bailiffs Private household workers Child care workers, private household Cooks, private household Housekeepers, private household Launderers, private household Private household cleaners and servants NOTE: n.e.c. is an abbreviation for “ not elsewhere classified” and designates broad categories of occupations which cannot be more specifically identified. 29 Appendix D. Composition of “Black and Other” Population T ab le D -1. Com position of th e “ b lack and o th e r” population in 1 9 7 0 by S tate (Percent) S ta te B la c k and o th e r B la c k Alabama......................................... Alaska............................................. Arizona........................................... Arkansas......................................... California....................................... Colorado.................. ...................... Connecticut................................... Delaware......................................... District of Columbia...................... Florida............................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * 99.2 14.0 32.1 98.6 63.9 70.0 92.3 95.9 98.3 97.3 Georgia........................................... Hawaii............................................. Idaho............................................... Illinois............................................. Indiana........................................... Iowa................................................. Kansas ........................................... Kentucky......................................... Louisiana....................................... Maine............................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.1 1.6 15.5 94.2 95.7 78.3 85.9 97.4 98.8 41.3 Maryland......................................... Massachusetts............................... Michigan......................................... Minnesota....................................... Mississippi..................................... Missouri......................................... Montana......................................... Nebaska ......................................... Nevada........................................... New Hampshire............................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 96.1 83.1 95.1 50.6 99.0 96.2 6.4 78.8 68.4 54.8 New Jersey..................................... New Mexico................................... New York......................................... North Carolina.............................. North Dakota................................ Ohio................................................. Oklahoma....................................... Oregon........................................... Pennsylvania................................ Rhode Island.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 94.1 19.5 90.3 95.4 13.6 96.6 61.6 44.4 96.2 79.3 South Carolina.............................. South Dakota................................ Tennessee ..................................... Texas............................................... Utah................................................. Verm ont......................................... Virginia ........................................... Washington.................................. West Virginia................................ Wisconsin....................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.1 4.6 98.7 94.6 24.2 42.6 97.1 45.1 95.2 80.8 Wyoming......................................... 100.0 27.3 A m e r ic a n In d ia n Japanese C h in e s e F ilip in o (D (D (D (D 1.4 1.4 (D 2.4 2.3 (D 56.3 5.6 (D (D (D (D (D 4.2 9.3 1.2 9.7 8.3 (D 7.8 1.6 1.2 6.3 1.1 1.2 (D (D (D (D 8.2 9.8 3.8 1.7 (D (1) (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (1) 20.0 1.5 25.6 57.7 (D (D 48.6 (D 1.0 7.2 7.0 11.1 3.6 1.0 (D (D (D (D 2.4 1.3 (D (D (D 2.4 1.0 0) (D (D (D (D 5.1 3.0 6.7 (D (1) 6.6 (D 2.1 (D (D (D 3.8 3.5 (D (D 2.1 (1) (D (D (D (D (D 1.1 2.4 9.2 (1) 2.0 3.4 32.4 (D 2.1 1.6 33.6 d) 1.1 86.5 13.1 19.6 7.9 (D 72.7 1.2 3.8 78.6 (D 1.8 2.6 2.7 7.9 1.1 1.5 (D 1.1 (D (D 20.9 14.4 2.1 1.7 8.2 4.2 1.0 (D 11.4 1.2 5.0 1.8 6.5 (D 1.2 3.6 3.8 4.9 16.9 (D 3.4 (D 2.8 5.9 3.7 (D (D (D (D 1.3 (D 1.1 (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D 35.3 22.8 11.5 (D (D (D (D 8.1 2.8 (D (D (D 4.3 2.0 3.4 5.5 4.4 1.3 2.0 10.5 1.6 5.5 (D (D (D (D 92.0 (D (D (D 2.0 (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D 4.7 9.7 1.4 3.0 (D (D (D 5.8 (D 7.2 1.0 (D 7.9 1.7 3.2 1.2 41.2 12.9 17.2 7.5 (D 12.9 1.7 1.7 53.0 30 (D 21.1 1.1 11.9 (1) Less than 1.0 percent. (D 46.2 16.4 1.1 A ll o th e r 6.0 3.1 (D 1.2 (D 3.0 11.2 24.0 9.3 T ab le D -2. Com position of the ‘black and o th e r’ population in 1 9 7 0 in 3 0 larg e S tan d ard M etro p o litan S ta tis tic a l A reas (Percent) SM SA B la c k an d o th e r B la c k A m e r ic a n In d ia n Japanese Anaheim—Santa Ana—Garden Grove.......... Atlanta............................................................... Baltimore........................................................... Boston............................................................... Buffalo............................................................... Chicago............................................................. Cincinnati......................................................... Cleveland........................................................... Dallas................................................................. Denver............................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 26.3 98.9 97.9 84.2 91.9 94.2 97.6 97.0 95.3 74.9 10.1 (1) (D 1.4 4.9 (D (D (D 1.9 6.5 27.5 (D (D 1.7 (D 1.2 (D (D (D 8.2 Detroit............................................................... Fort Worth......................................................... Houston............................................................. Indianapolis..................................................... Kansas City....................................................... Los Angeles— Long Beach............................ Miami................................................................. Milwaukee......................................................... Minneapolis—St. Paul.................................... New York........................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.0 95.0 96.2 97.8 95.6 74.4 96.7 92.1 64.4 90.5 (D 1.9 (D (D 1.5 2.4 (D 3.5 19.8 (D Newark............................................................... Philadelphia..................................................... Pittsburgh......................................................... Riverside—San Bernardino—Ontario.......... St. Louis............................................................. San Diego......................................................... San Francisco—O akland.............................. San Jose........................................................... Seattle— Everett............................................... Washington, D.C.............................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 96.0 96.7 96.4 68.1 97.7 58.5 61.7 29.7 49.0 95.6 (D (D (D 8.6 (D 5.5 2.2 6.7 11.2 (D (1) Less than 1.0 percent. U-U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING O F FIC E : 31 1980. 311 - 416/3972 F ilip in o A ll o th e r 7.3 (D (D 8.0 (D 1.0 (D (D (D 1.6 8.1 (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D (D 20.5 (1) (D 3.8 1.6 2.0 (D 1.0 2.0 7.9 (D (D (D (D (D 10.1 (D (D 3.9 (D (D (D (D (D (D 4.0 (D 1.0 3.9 3.7 (D (D (D (D (D 3.3 (D (D 2.0 (D 1.0 2.2 1.6 0) 1.7 5.8 1.3 2.0 6.0 3.8 (D (D (D 4.2 (D 7.1 6.1 27.4 16.3 (D (D (D (D 1.8 (D 3.1 16.5 12.9 8.8 1.1 (D (D (D 3.3 (D 13.9 8.2 11.1 8.7 (D 2.0 1.5 1.3 14.1 (D 11.9 5.2 12.3 6.0 1.5 C h in e s e Employment Projections for the Subjects include: The labor force—expected changes in size and composition as a result of the continuing impact of the post-World War II baby boom, the increased participation of women, and the drop in the birth rate during the 1960's. Gross national product and income—projected trends and major underlying assumptions on fiscal policy, productivity, | and other factors affecting aggregate demand.1 Industry output and employment—gross product originating^ in major sectors; employment in 149 industries. Distribution of demand —changing patterns in the [ major sectors of consumption, business investment, government expenditures, and foreign I Four articles from the Monthly Labor Review and additional tables project the United States economy to 19 9 0 growth, employment, output, income, and demand over the next decade. U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Order Form Mail to BLS Regional Office nearest you (see listing elsewhere), or the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. 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