Full text of Distribution of Occupational Employment in States and Areas by Race and Sex, 1978 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 2053

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Distribution of Occupational
Employment in States and Areas
by Race and Sex, 1978
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
April 1980
Bulletin 2053




Distribution of Occupational
Employment in States and Areas
by Race and Sex, 1978
U.S. Department of Labor
Ray Marshall, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
April 1980
Bulletin 2053




R
33 L")
L l AD

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing: Office, Washington, D.C. 20402




Preface

This bulletin was prepared in the Office of Employ­
ment Structure and Trends, Division of Local Area
Unemployment Statistics, by Russ Marshall, under the
direction of Sylvia Small. Valuable assistance was re­
ceived from Linda Jackson.
Material in this publication is in the public domain
and may be reproduced without the permission of the
Federal Government. Please credit the Bureau of La­
bor Statistics and cite Distribution o f Occupational Em­
ployment in States and Areqs by Race and Sex, 1978,
Bulletin 2053.

This bulletin is the first of a series which will present
percent distributions of workers in occupational groups
within States and metropolitan areas by race and sex.
It also contains distributions of the working-age popu­
lation, civilian labor force, employment, unemployment,
and persons not in the labor force by race and sex. The
percentages are based on 1978 annual averages from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), which provides
statistics on the labor force status of the population
classified according to a variety of demographic, social,
and economic characteristics. The basic CPS data can
be found in Geographic Profile o f Employment and Un­
employment: States, 1978; Metropolitan Areas, 1977-78,
BLS Report 571.




iii

Contents

Page
Occupational categories..............................................................................................................................................
Composition of “ black and other” category............................................................................................................
Limitations of the data ..............................................................................................................................................
Tables:
1.
2.

1
1
1

Percent distribution of the working-age population and labor force by race and sex in the United
States, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia, 1978 annual averages........................................... 2
Percent distribution of the working-age population and labor force by race and sex in 30 large
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 1978 annual averages............................................................ 13

Appendixes:
A. Reliability of estimates and publication standards.....................................................................................
B. Geographic definitions of Standard Metropolitan Statistical A re a s ........................................................
C. Occupational classification system ............................................................................................................
D. Composition of “ black and other” population.........................................................................................




iv

19
21
24
30

Distribution of Occupational
Employment in States and
Areas by Race and Sex, 1978

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has received
numerous requests for data about the representation of
women and minorities in various segments of the labor
force. To help meet this expressed need for data, this
bulletin presents 1978 annual average data for States
and metropolitan areas in a new format: Distribution of
the labor force by selected characteristics-race and sex.
Data for four major population groups—white men and
women, and men and women of black and other races—
are included. Data from the Current Population Survey
(CPS)1 are arrayed to show the percent each of these
four groups constitutes of the working-age population,
the civilian labor force, total employment, employment
in the 10 major occupational groups, unemployment,
and those not in the labor force. National data are also
included to enable national comparisons among the four
groups where the labor market for a particular occu­
pation is too broad to be confined to a single State or
metropolitan area, as well as to provide a national av­
erage against which the State or area data can be
compared.
Table 1 presents data for the Nation as a whole and
for the States and the District of Columbia. Table 2
contains data for the 30 largest Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Areas (SMSA’s), which are defined in ap­
pendix B. Roughly 39 percent of the national civilian
labor force lived in these SMSA’s in 1978. Metropoli­
tan area data are currently limited to these 30 SMSA’s
because the CPS sample is not sufficiently large to yield
reliable estimates for smaller metropolitan areas.

the Nation in 1978. Within this broad category, how­
ever, they ranged from less than 1.0 percent of all aer­
onautical and astronautical engineers to 96.7 percent of
all registered nurses. Therefore, it should be noted that
only the broad outlines of occupational differences for
the selected segments of the population are described
by these data.
Composition of “black and other” category

There is considerable variation in the composition of
the black and other category2 among the States and
metropolitan areas. At the time of the 1970 Census of
Population, 89 percent of the black and other popula­
tion were black; the remainder were American Indians,
Alaskan Natives, Asians and Pacific Islanders, and all
other nonwhite groups. Although there have probably
been changes in the composition of this category in
many areas since the 1970 census, the breakdown of
the black and other group in 1970 is given in appendix
D to aid the user interpreting the data.
It should also be noted that the black and other cat­
egory does not include most persons of Hispanic ori­
gin. Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified
themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puer­
to Rican living on the mainland, Cuban, Central or
South American, or of other Hispanic origin or descent.
According to the 1970 census, approximately 96 per­
cent of this population were white.
Limitations of the data

Because the estimates included in this bulletin are
derived from a sample rather than a complete count of
the population, they are subject to sampling variability.
Also, some estimates include some degree of rounding
error. Therefore, the data should not be viewed as pre­
cise measures of demographic composition, but as esti­
mates within a limited possible range of error. A fuller
discussion of the reliability of the data is included in
appendix A.

Occupational categories

Users often inquire how specific occupations fit into
the broad occupational categories used in this publica­
tion. For instance, registered nurses are a part of the
category “professional, technical, and kindred work­
ers,” while practical nurses are included with “service
workers.” For the convenience of the user, the specif­
ic occupational categories included within each of the
broad occupational groups are listed in appendix C.
The breadth of the occupational categories may mask
wide variations in percentage distributions of race or
sex groups between specified occupations within a cat­
egory. For instance, women made up 42.7 percent of
all professional, technical, and kindred workers across



1For a detailed description of the CPS, see Employment and Earn­
ings, “Explanatory Notes,” published monthly by the Bureau of La­
bor Statistics.
2The black and other category of workers, which until recently
was identified as “Negro and other races” and, prior to 1969, as
“nonwhite,” includes all persons who were identified in the enumer­
ation process to be other than white.
1

T a b le 1. P e rce n t d is trib u tio n o f th e w o rk in g -a g e population and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in th e U nited States,
the 50 S ta tes, a nd the D is tric t o f C o lu m b ia , 1978 a nnual a vera ge s
White-collar employment
Managers
and
Profes­
adm inis­ , Sales
sional
workers
and tech­ trators,
except
nical
farm

Workingage pop­
ulation

Civilian
labor
force

Employ­
ment

Un­
employ­
ment

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m e n .......................................
White women .................................
Black and other m e n .......................
Black and other w o m e n ................

41.8
46.0
5.5
6.7

52.0
36.0
6.3
5.7

52.9
36.0
5.9
5.2

39.1
37.3
11.3
12.3

24.3
63.1
4.2
8.5

44.8
47.1
3.2
4.9

53.5
37.9
3.9
4.8

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m e n .......................................
White women .................................
Black and other m e n ......................
Black and other w o m e n ................

37.1
38.9
10.5
13.6

48.9
29.6
11.5
10.1

50.3
29.6
11.1
9.1

28.7
28.7
17.8
24.8

19.9
52.3
9.1
18.7

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Area and demographic group

Not in
labor
force

Blue-collar employment

Total

Craft and
kindred
workers

Opera­
tives,
except
transport

Transport
equip­
ment
opera­
tives

Nonfarm
laborers

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

17.8
71.7
2.6
7.9

72.1
15.4
9.5
2.9

87.4
5.1
7.0
(D

52.2
32.8
8.1
6.9

78.6
6.5
14.1

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

57.3
38.2
2.3
2.3

19.5
69.1
2.1
9.3

64.0
10.9
20.0
5.0

84.3
3.8
11.1

(2)

100.0

Clerical
workers

100.0

73.0
21.9
3.6
1.4

52.8
42.2
2.4
2.6

100.0

100.0

100.0

45.3
45.3
2.3
7.0

51.1
34.4
3.2
11.3

72.4
24.8
1.4
1.4

100.0

100.0

(2)

Total

Service
workers

Farm
workers

100.0

100.0

100.0

73.5
8.9
16.2
1.5

30.5
49.7
6.9
12.9

74.1
16.7
7.7
1.5

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

(D

45.8
23.9
17.4
12.9

62.1
4.6
31.8
1.5

54.4
5.8
36.9
2.9

20.8
38.0
10.9
30.2

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

100.0

100.0

(2)

(2)

(2)

100.0

(2)

85.0
5.0
10.0
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

25.0
41.7
12.5
20.8

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

United States

(D

Alabama

Alaska
T o ta l.....................................

37.7
38.1
12.3
11.9

46.7
34.5
10.6
8.9

46.7
35.6
9.4
8.8

45.0
25.0
20.0
10.0

16.7
47.2
16.7
19.5

41.3
46.7
3.3
7.6

53.5
37.9
3.5
3.5

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

12.5
71.9
3.1
12.5

70.5
6.8
18.2
4.6

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

(2)

100.0

(2)

White m e n .......................................
White women .................................
Black and other m e n ......................
Black and other w o m e n ................

44.5
49.3
3.1
3.1

55.2
38.9
3.6
2.2

55.6
39.0
3.3
2.2

49.2
37.7
8.2
3.3

28.7
64.6
2.4
4.4

46.9
49.4
2.0
1.8

55.6
39.9
2.6
2.0

75.4
21.1
2.4
(D

54.0
43.4
1.3
1.3

16.5
79.4
1.2
3.0

80.5
12.9
4.8
1.9

90.3
5.7
4.1
(D

55.6
32.0
5.6
5.6

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

36.1
55.6
3.8
4.5

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m e n .......................................
White women .................................

38.2
44.2
8.0
9.6

48.1
35.6
9.2
7.2

49.2
35.5
9.0
6.3

31.0
37.9
12.1
20.7

24.4
56.3
6.2
13.1

41.8
51.8
2.1
4.4

50.0
43.5
2.2
4.4

68.0
26.9
2.6
1.3

48.9
46.7
2.2
2.2

17.3
74.8
1.6
6.3

61.4
19.5
13.4
5.8

86.2
6.4
5.5
1.8

40.2
40.2
8.7
11.8

69.2
2.6
30.8
(D

58.5
11.3
28.3
3.8

22.6
50.4
9.6
18.3

67.1
11.0
20.7

White m e n .......................................
White women .................................
Black and other m e n ......................
Black and other w o m e n ................
Arizona

Arkansas

Black and other w o m e n ................

_____
See footnotes at end of table.




(1)

Ta b le 1. P e rc e n t d is trib u tio n of the w o rk jn g -a g s po pu la tion and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in the U nited States,
the 50 S ta te s, a nd th e D is tric t of C o lum bia, 1978 ann u a l a ve ra g e s — C o n tinu e d
W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

M a n a g e rs
W o r k in g -

C iv ilia n

age pop­

la b o r

u la tio n

fo r c e

m ent

Un­

N o t in

P r o fe s ­

and

la b o r

s io n a l

a d m in is ­

S a le s

C le r ic a l

m ent

E m p lo y ­

e m p lo y ­

fo r c e

an d te c h ­

tr a to r s ,

w o rk e rs

w o rk e rs

n ic a l

A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g r o u p

except

T o ta l

O p e ra ­
C ra ft a n d
T o ta l

k in d r e d
w o rk e rs

t iv e s ,
except
tra n s p o rt

T ra n s p o rt
e q u ip ­
m ent

S e r v ic e
N o n fa rm

F a rm

w o rke rs

w o rke rs

la b o r e r s

o p e ra ­
t iv e s

fa r m

C a l if o r n i a

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

41.9
45.5
5.8
6.8

51.5
36.2
6.5
5.8

52.1
36.0
6.2
5.6

42.0
38.0
10.9
9.3

23.9
62.9
4.5
8.7

43.3
45.5
5.0
6.2

54.0
33.9
6.8
5.5

67.1
25.6
5.3
2.0

50.9
41.4
4.1
3.6

16.8
69.3
3.7
10.2

75.1
14.0
8.0
2.9

86.7
5.6
7.1
(D

54.5
31.0
7.1
7.4

83.5
5.9
S.6
d)

79.1
8.5
10.9
1.5

35.7
47.7
7.0
9.5

70.9
19.6
7.8
1.7

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en.................

46.6
50.1
1.6
1.8

56.7
39.7
1.9
1.7

57.3
39.3
1.9
1.6

46.5
45.1
2.8
4.2

25.7
71.6
(D
2.1

47.2
49.4
1.4
1.9

59.7
37.6
1.7
1.1

71.3
26.2
2.0
(D

52.8
45.0
1.1
(D

18.7
76.5
(D
4.0

82.6
14.1
3.1
(1)

90.4
5.8
3.2
(D

66.0
30.0
3.0
1.0

89.8
7.7
2.6
(D

85.3
11.5
3.3
(D

36.4
59.5
1.2
2.9

83.7
16.3
(D
(D

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

(2)

100.0

(2)

White m e n .......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en.................

45.2
48.7
2.5
3.6

54.2
39.4
3.1
3.4

54.9
39.0
2.9
3.1

41.8
45.6
3.8
10.1

28.2
66.1
1.6
4.0

48.2
47.8
1.4
2.7

55.8
39.9
2.2
2.2

78.6
19.5
1.9

51.8
45.5
1.8

(D

(D

20.5
73.9
(D
5.2

74.6
17.2
5.5
2.8

92.2
3.9
3.3
(D

54.5
33.2
5.6
6.2

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

35.9
54.1
4.1
5.9

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

(2)

100.0

(2)

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

41.7
45.7
5.7
7.1

52.8
34.8
6.2
6.2

54.0
34.5
6.0
5.6

38.1
38.1
9.5
14.3

22.4
64.5
4.6
8.6

46.3
46.3
3.0
4.4

58.3
31.3
6.3
4.2

73.1
26.9
(D
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

15.2
76.1
2.2
6.5

74.4
10.3
10.3
5.1

88.2
5.9
3.0
(D

59.1
18.2
9.1
13.6

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

31.3
46.9
6.3
15.6

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

100.0

(2)

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

12.0
16.4
33.3
38.3

13.9
14.2
36.5
35.6

14.9
14.9
35.3
35.3

7.2
7.2
50.0
35.7

7.8
21.0
27.0
43.7

19.8
20.8
22.9
36.6

30.9
23.5
22.1
25.0

43.3
20.0
26.7
10.0

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

3.3
18.9
23.3
54.5

7.6
(D
79.3
11.3

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

3.7
7.4
35.2
53.7

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

C o lo r a d o

C o n n e c tic u t

D e la w a r e

D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b ia

See footnotes at end of table.




(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

T a b le 1. P e rce n t d is trib u tio n o f th e w o rk in g -a g e population and labor fo rc e b y race and se x in the U nited States,
the 50 S ta tes, a nd th e D is tric t o f C o lu m b ia , 1978 annual a ve ra g e s — C o n tinu e d
W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

M a n a g e rs
C iv ilia n

age pop­

la b o r

u la t io n

m ent

Un­

N o t in

P r o fe s ­

and

la b o r

s io n a l

a d m in is ­

S a le s

C le r ic a l

m ent

fo r c e

E m p lo y ­

e m p lo y ­

fo r c e

a n d te c h ­

tr a to r s ,

w o rk e rs

w o rke rs

n ic a l

W o r k in g A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g r o u p

except

T o ta l

C ra ft an d
T o ta l

k in d r e d
w o rk e rs

O p e ra ­
tiv e s ,
except
tr a n s p o r t

fa r m

T ra n s p o rt
e q u ip ­
m ent

S e r v ic e
N o n fa rm

F a rm

w o rke rs

w o rke rs

la b o r e r s

o p e ra ­
tiv e s

F lo r id a

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

39.4
44.7
7.3
8.6

47.2
33.9
9.9
9.0

48.0
34.1
9.8
8.2

35.9
31.4
12.2
20.4

29.2
58.7
3.9
8.1

43.9
46.3
3.5
6.2

54 7
33.4
5.5
6.1

71.1
23.7
3.2
2.2

53.5
41.7
2.2
3.0

15.7
71.3
2.9
10.1

65.9
13.3
17.2
3.6

83.3
4.6
11.3
(D

43.3
35.3
11.1
10.0

56.4
10.3
31.0
2.4

61.1
6.3
31.2
2.1

27.8
38.2
9.6
24.3

38.4
14.3
39.3
8.0

G e o r g ia

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

37.1
42.4
9.0
11.5

46.4
33.8
10.1
9.7

47.4
33.8
9.9
9.0

29.8
34.4
13.7
22.1

20.2
58.2
6.8
14.8

42.6
47.7
3.5
6.2

47.0
42.5
3.8
7.0

74.8
20.9
3.4
1.3

59.1
33.3
3.8
3.8

16.0
71.5
3.2
9.3

61.5
16.2
16.6
5.9

81.9
6.3
10.9
1.0

38.3
33.2
14.1
14.1

70.0
4.9
25.6
(D

57.6
8.5
30.5
3.4

24.1
35.6
11.2
29.1

56.1
7.6
30.3
6.1

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

(2)

100.0

(2)

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

11.5
12.5
35.9
40.1

14.1
10.3
40.8
34.8

14.2
10.1
40.9
35.2

16.1
12.9
38.7
32.3

6.1
17.4
26.0
51.0

14.8
14.8
29.6
41.3

22.2
13.0
35.2
31.5

24.3
13.5
46.0
16.2

16.0
16.0
32.0
40.0

4.2
18.1
15.3
62.5

17.2
2.0
66.7
14.2

20.0
(D
75.6
4.5

4.6
4.6
45.5
45.5

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

9.4
10.9
31.3
48.4

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en.................

48.3
50.7
(D
(D

59.3
39.8
(D
(D

59.4
39.5
(D
(D

56.5
43.5
(D
(D

26.9
72.1
(D
(D

45.8
52.5
(D
(D

58.9
39.3
(D
(D

76.9
20.5
(D
(D

45.8
54.2
(D
(D

15.0
83.3
(D
1.7

83.5
15.0
(1)
(D

91.5
8.5
1.7
(D

67.0
35.1
(D
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

85.7
9.5
d)
(D

27.1
70.8
(D
(D

86.2
13.8
(D
(D

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other wom en.................

41.4
45.0
6.0
7.6

52.0
35.3
6.7
6.0

53.1
35.4
6.0
5.5

35.0
33.7
16.7
14.6

21.9
62.9
4.7
10.5

44.1
45.7
3.6
6.6

52.1
35.5
4.7
7.8

73.2
20.9
3.7
2.2

55.4
39.6
2.5
2.5

17.1
70.4
3.0
9.6

73.0
14.6
9.5
2.9

87.1
4.6
7.5
(D

54.5
29.6
9.6
6.1

78.6
6.1
14.3
1.0

77.3
10.3
10.3
2.6

32.3
51.6
7.6
8.5

87.6
11.3
(D
(D

H a w a ii

Id a h o

I llin o is

See footnotes at end of table.




T a b le 1. P e rc e n t d istrib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e po pu la tion and labor fo rc e b y race a nd sex in the U nited States,
the 50 S ta te s, a nd th e D is tric t of C o lum bia, 1978 a nnual a ve ra g e s — C o n tinu e d
B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t
M a n a g e rs
W o r k in g -

C iv ilia n

age pop­

la b o r

u la t io n

E m p lo y ­
m ent

fo r c e

Un­

N o t in

P r o fe s ­

and

e m p lo y ­

la b o r

s io n a l

a d m in is ­

Sales

C le r ic a l

a n d te c h ­

tr a to r s ,

w o rk e rs

w o rk e rs

n ic a l

A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g ro u p

except

m ent

fo r c e

T o ta l

C ra ft a n d
T o ta l

k in d r e d
w o rke rs

O p e ra ­
tiv e s ,

except
tr a n s p o r t

fa r m

T ra n s p o rt
e q u ip ­
m ent
o p e ra ­

S e r v ic e
N o n fa rm

F a rm

w o rke rs

w o rke rs

laborers

tiv e s

I n d ia n a

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

10O.O

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

44.6
48.4
3.2
3.9

54.8
38.1
3.7
3.5

55.8
37.7
3.5
3.1

37.0
43.8
8.2
10.3

25.0
68.4
2.0
4.7

44.6
50.0
2.1
3.4

52.2
42.7
1.7
3.4

75.0
21.4
3.1
1.0

55.3
41.1
1.4
2.1

18.4
73.9
2.1
5.3

73.8
19.4
4.9
1.9

88.6
6.4
4.4
(D

56.2
35.0
4.9
3.9

88.0
9.0
3.0
(D

81.4
10.0
8.6
(1)

27.9
61.4
4.1
6.7

76.1
23.9
(D
(D

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

47.4
50.8
(D
1.1

58.2
40.4

58.5
40.4
(D
(D

54.4
40.4
3.5
1.8

25.7
71.6
1.0
1.8

45.1
53.9

52.0
46.9

55.0
45.0

20.3
79.2

82.6
16.5

(D
1.0

d)
0)

(D
(D

90.4
9.6
(D
(D

83.9
15.5

(D
(D

65.3
34.0
(D
(D

24.6
72.9

(D
1.2

90.8
7.4
1.8
(D

91.2
8.8

(D
(D

76.2
22.9
1.0
(D

(D
2.5

(D
d)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

W hite m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

45.0
49.8
2.3
3.0

54.3
40.3
2.7
2.8

54.6
40.3
2.7
2.4

42.9
40.0
5.7
14.3

25.9
69.5
1.4
3.4

44.5
52.9
1.3
1.3

54.8
42.0
1.9
1.3

76.2
22.1
1.6
(D

47.6
50.8
(D
(D

14.3
82.5
1.1
2.1

77.2
16.1
5.0
2.1

89.9
7.0
3.1
(D

59.5
30.2
6.0
5.2

84.6
12.8
5.1
d)

81.4
11.9
6.8
1.7

21.6
66.0
3.9
8.5

83.3
15.6
(D
(D

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m e n ......................
Black and other w om en................

44.6
48.7
2.8
3.9

56.5
37.5
3.2
2.9

57.3
37.0
3.0
2.7

41.5
45.1
4.9
7.3

25.3
66.8
2.2
5.6

46.0
50.1
1.9
1.9

50.5
44.2
2.1
2.6

82.0
16.6
1.5
(D

51.8
44.6
1.2
2.4

20.0
75.8
2.6
1.7

77.2
17.2
4.3
1.5

91.5
5.7
2.9
(D

55.9
36.9
4.1
3.1

88.1
6.8
5.1
1.7

85.5
5.8
8.7
(D

24.6
61.0
4.3
10.2

81.8
17.3
(D
(D

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

49.5
27.9
12.5
10.1

27.4
26.6
22.1
24.8

18.8
53.4
8.6
19.3

42.7
44.1
4.7
8.5

50.5
35.2
4.6
9.7

70.9
20.9
5.8
2.3

51.6
37.9
3.2
7.4

13.0
70.5
4.1
12.2

68.6
5.9
22.3
3.2

84.4
3.0
12.1
(D

59.0
11.9
20.2
9.0

60.0
6.7
33.3
1.3

50.0
3.4
43.2
2.3

23.5
31.1
11.5
34.5

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Io w a

(D
(D

K ansas

K e n tu c k y

L o u is ia n a

T o ta l.....................................
White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

See footnotes at end of table.




35.9
38.4
11.3
14.5

48.0
27.8
13.2
11.1

T a b le 1. P e rce n t d is trib u tio n o f the w o rk in g -a g e population and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in the U nited States,
the 50 S ta tes, a nd th e D is tric t o f C o lu m b ia , 1978 a nnual a ve ra g e s — C on tinued
B l u e - c o ll a r e m p lo y m e n t

W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t
M a n a g e rs
W o r k in g A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g ro u p

C iv ilia n

age pop­

la b o r

u l a t io n

E m p lo y ­
m ent

fo r c e

Un­

N o t in

e m p lo y ­

la b o r

m ent

fo r c e

P r o fe s ­
T o ta l

and

s io n a l

a d m in is ­

a n d te c h ­

tr a to r s ,

n ic a l

Sales
workers

Clerical
workers

C ra ft a n d
T o ta l

except

k in d r e d
w o rk e rs

Opera­
tives.
except
transport

fa r m

T ra n s p o rt
e q u ip ­
m ent
o p e ra ­

S e r v ic e

F a rm

Nonfarm
laborers

w o rk e rs

w o rke rs

tiv e s

M a in e

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

(2)

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

47.7
51.9

59.2
40.6

59.5
40.3

55.2
44.8

48.5
51.0

50.8
47.6

77.6
22.5

54.6
45.5

19.4
79.0

79.7
20.4

96.8
3.2

51.6
48.4

93.6
6.5

36.4
63.6

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

d)

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(D

(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(D

(D

(D

(D

0)

(D

(D

(D

30.5
68.9
(1)
(1)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

White m en.......................................

37.6
41.2
9.8
11.6

46.9
32.3
10.9
10.0

48.2
32.4
10.3
9.1

25.4
29 0
21.9
23.7

18.7
59 2
7.3
14.8

43.7
41 6
5.4
9.2

53.9
31 0
7.1
7.8

72.9
17 3
7.1
2.7

46.0
44 1
6.3
3.6

16.7
65 2
2.5
15.9

69.1
10.3
17.6
2.8

84.1
43
11.2

52.0
24 0
16.0
8.0

60.3
95
28.6
1.6

59.5
71
29.8
3.6

27.3
35 6
16.0
21.5

(2)
(2)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

45.4
51.1
1.5
1.9

55.2
41.1
1.8
1.9

55.4
41.0
1.7
1.8

51.5
42.2
2.9
2.9

26.8
70.1
1.0
2.0

47.6
49.4
1.3
1.7

54.3
42.2
1.8
1.6

79.1
19.1
1.0

56.0
41.5
1.3
1.3

21.5
75.0

91.6
6.2
2.3

50.4
45.4
2.1
2.1

87.8
8.5
4.9

87.2
11.0
1.8

2.7

73.9
22.8
2.3
1.0

(D

(D

43.7
50.1
2.4
4.0

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m e n .......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

42.4
45.7
5.5
6.4

53.2
35.0
6.4
5.4

54.3
34.8
6.0
4.9

38.0
37.0
11.4
13.5

23.9
64.1
4.0
8.1

44.6
47.0
3.1
5.3

55.2
36.3
4.4
4.2

74.0
20.5
4.4
1.4

51.6
43.5
2.2
3.1

17.5
71.5
2.0
9.2

74.8
13.1
10.0
2.2

89.2
3.9
6.6

59.7
23.5
12.6
4.5

81.8
6.5
10.4
2.0

75.3
11.5
11.5
1.7

28.3
55.1
5.4
11.1

77.7
23.8

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

48.2
50.0

57.4
40.8
1.1

57.9
40.4
1.0

28.6
69.3

48.8
49.4
1.1

55.3
43.3

93.6
5.5

61.1
37.1

88.1
9.5
2.4

(D

(D

32.7
64.6
1.0
1.7

82.9
17.2

(D

20.2
77.3
1.0
1.3

82.7
16.0

(D

57.5
40.2
1.6
1.0

74.4
24.5
1.4

<D

46.1
50.0
1.3
2.6

M a r y la n d

Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

(D

(2)
(2)

M a s s a c h u s e tts

(D

(D

(D

M ic h ig a n

(D

(D
(D

M in n e s o ta

See footnotes at end of table.




(D

1.0

(D

1.4

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

91.9
6.8
1.4

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D
(D

Ta b le 1. P e rc e n t d is trib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e p o pu la tion and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in the U nited States,
the 50 S ta te s, a nd th e D is tric t of C o lum bia, 1978 ann u a l a ve ra g e s — C on tinued
W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

M a n a g e rs
W o r k in g -

C iv ilia n

age pop­

la b o r

u la t io n

fo r c e

Un­
E m p lo y ­
m ent

N o t in

P r o fe s ­

and

e m p lo y ­

la b o r

s io n a l

a d m in is ­

S a le s

m ent

fo r c e

a n d te c h ­

tr a to r s ,

workers

n ic a l

A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g ro u p

except

T o ta l

Clerical
workers

C ra ft a n d
T o ta l

k in d r e d
w o rke rs

O p e ra ­
t iv e s .
except
tr a n s p o r t

T ra n s p o rt
e q u ip ­
m ent
o p e ra ­

S e r v ic e
N o n fa rm

F a rm

w o rke rs

w o rke rs

la b o r e r s

tiv e s

fa r m

M is s is s ip p i

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m e n ......................
Black and other w om en................

30.1
33.9
15.7
20.4

39.2
26.4
17.1
17.3

41.3
26.8
16.7
15.2

11.8
20.6
22.1
456

17.5
44.3
13.7
24.7

41.5
42.1
5.3
11.2

45.1
31.4
7.9
15.7

68.5
20.2
7.9
3.4

51.1
44.5
(D
4.5

14.8
67.2
2.5
15.6

46.0
14.3
27.8
11.6

72.6
5.3
21.2
(1)

28.0
28.0
20.5
24.2

57.5
5.0
32.5
5.0

38.1
3.2
55.6
3.2

20.8
26.7
10.8
41.7

56.1
9.8
31.7
2.4

T o ta i.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m e n ......................
Black and other w om en................

42.0
47.5
4.9
5.6

51.6
37.5
5.6
5.3

52.7
37.3
5.1
4.8

31.6
40.4
14.9
13.2

25.7
64.5
3.7
6.1

44.4
48.3
2.9
4.5

51.6
42.2
2.8
3.4

73.7
22.1
2.3
1.8

52.1
43.7
2.1
2.1

17.8
70.8
3.6
7.9

73.4
16.9
7.8
1.9

89.3
5.4
4.6
(D

52.7
36.0
6.7
4.6

85.4
4.9
9.8
(D

73.7
10.2
15.3
(D

24.2
53.6
7.5
14.4

81.4
17.0
1.7

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

(2)

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

47.9
47.9
2.1
2.1

58.7
37.6
2.4
1.6

59.2
37.1
2.0
1.4

50.0
45.5
4.6
4.6

27.3
67.5
2.1
3.1

45.2
52.3
1.3
1.9

56.5
39.1
(D
2.2

68.4
26.3
2.6
2.6

45.5
54.6
(D
(D

14.0
82.0
(D
2.0

88.5
7.7
2.9
(D

93.6
2.1
2.1

77.3
18.2
4.6
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

24.5
67.4
2.0
4.1

77.5
17.5
2.5

(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

45.3
51.3
1.3
2.1

54.4
42.4
1.4
1.8

54.7
42.5
1.2
1.7

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

26.0
70.1
1.1
2.5

43.5
53.9
(D
1.7

48.0
50.0
1.0
1.0

75.6
22.1
1.2
1.2

46.8
53.2
(D
(D

16.8
79.2
(D
2.4

77.9
17.8
1.9
1.9

90.9
8.0
1.1
(D

53.7
38.8
3.0
6.0

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

87.1
9.7
3.2
(D

22.6
72.6
2.0
3.0

82.1
16.7
(D
d)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

(2)

(2)

100.0

(2)

White m e n .......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

47.8
46.7
2.3
3.0

56.9
37.1
3.0
3.0

57.7
36.7
2.8
2.8

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

25.9
69.8
(D
2.9

45.5
50.4
2.1
2.1

56.4
38.5
2.6
2.6

72.5
22.5
2.5
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

16.0
80.0
2.0
2.0

87.4
8.9
2.5
1.3

92.5
5.0
2.5

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

49.4
40.2
4.6
6.9

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

M is s o u r i

(D

M o n ta n a

(D

N e b ra s k a

N evada

See footnotes at end of table.




d)

T a b le 1. P erc en t d is trib u tio n o f the w o rk in g -a g e population and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in the U nited States,
the 50 S ta tes, a n d th e D is tric t of C o lu m b ia , 1978 annual a v e ra g e s --C o n tln u e d
B l u e - c o ll a r e m p lo y m e n t

W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t
M a n a g e rs
W o r k in g -

la b o r
fo r c e

Un­

C iv ilia n

age pop­
u la t io n

N o t in

e m p lo y ­

la b o r

E m p lo y ­

m ent

fo r c e

T ra n s p o rt

m ent

P r o fe s ­
T o ta l

and

s io n a l

a d m in is ­

S a le s

C le r ic a l

a n d te c h ­

tr a to r s ,

w o rke rs

w o rk e rs

n ic a l

A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g ro u p

except

C ra ft a n d
T o ta l

k in d r e d
w o rk e rs

O p e ra ­
t iv e s ,
except
tr a n s p o r t

S e r v ic e

e q u ip ­
m ent
o p e ra ­

N o n fa rm

F a rm

w o rk e rs

w o rke rs

la b o r e r s

tiv e s

fa r m

N e w H a m p s h ir e

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

(2)

100.0

(2)

57.9
41.9
(D
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

29.0
70.1
(D
(D

49.3
50.3
(1)
(D

60.7
39.4
1.6
(D

81.3
18.8
2.1
(D

53.9
46.2
(D
(D

18.1
82.0
(D
(D

75.5
23.9
d)
(D

93.2
6.8

(1)
(D

57.5
42.1
(D
(D

(D
(D

50.8
47.5
(D
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

38.8
61.2
(D
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

41.8
47.1
5.0
6.1

52.4
36.2
5.8
5.6

53.2
36.0
5.6
5.2

41.5
39.0
8.5
11.0

23.8
65.5
3.8
7.0

46.7
44.9
3.4
5.0

52.9
37.0
5.0
5.2

76.3
18.7
3.5
1.6

56.7
40.0
1.9
1.4

19.2
70.1
2.5
8.2

70.4
16.5
9.9
3.4

88.3
3.7
7.7
(D

47.1
37.1
7.5
8.3

75.6
5.0
19.3
(D

78.4
7.2
13.7
1.4

39.5
45.7
4.6
10.5

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

43.5
47.2
4.1
5.4

54.7
36.8
4.6
4.2

55.2
36.4
4.5
4.0

46.0
43.0
6.7
6.7

24.7
64.8
3.2
7.4

47.2
46.8
2.3
3.4

59.6
36.2
3.2
2.1

72.7
23.6
3.6
1.8

45.2
48.4
(D
3.2

18.4
72.4
1.2
6.9

78.1
11.7
8.0
2.2

87.5
4.7
7.8
(D

61.8
23.5
8.8
5.9

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

77.3
9.1
9.1
4.6

36.2
52.2
2.9
8.7

72.7
9.1
9.1
9.1

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

40.3
45.9
5.9
7.8

51.1
35.3
7.1
6.6

51.7
35.2
6.7
6.4

44.3
36.3
11.3
8.3

24.7
61.4
4.3
9.6

44.7
44.3
4.7
6.4

53.2
35.9
4.5
6.3

71.0
21.3
5.9
1.8

55.1
37.7
4.3
3.0

20.8
65.1
4.2
9.9

71.3
16.2
9.4
3.2

87.2
5.0
7.4
(D

47.6
35.6
8.2
8.5

76.5
7.2
15.5
(D

78.7
8.2
12.3
(D

39.4
37.6
9.9
13.0

77.8
20.8
1.4

T o t a l .................................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

37.0
42.2
9.6
11.2

44.8
34.7
11.0
9.5

45.7
34.8
10.8
8.7

24.1
32.8
17.2
25.9

21.2
57.5
6.7
14.7

42.5
47.2
4.0
6.4

45.3
42.7
4.7
7.7

73.4
21.1
4.3
1.2

58.3
35.8
3.3
2.5

14.7
71.7
3.4
10.2

53.8
22.3
15.8
7.1

81.1
6.6
12.3

31.1
43.1
11.5
14.4

73.9
3.5
20.9

52.5
8.5
35.5
2.8

23.0
41.4
12.7
23.3

55.9
11.8
22.6
9.7

T o ta l.....................................
White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

100.0
48.2
51.2 '

N e w J e rs e y

N e w M e x ic o

N e w Y o rk

(1)

N o r t h C a r o lin a

See footnotes at end of table.




(D

(D

T a b le 1. P e rc e n t d istrib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e po pu la tion and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in the U nited States,
the 50 S ta te s, a n d th e D is tric t o f C o lum bia, 1978 a nnual a ve ra g e s — C o n tinu e d
W h it e - c o lia r e m p lo y m e n t

B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

M a n a g e rs
W o r k in g -

C iv ilia n

age pop­

la b o r

u la t io n

fo r c e

m ent

Un­

N o t in

P ro fe s ­

and

la b o r

s io n a l

a d m in is ­

S a le s

C le r ic a l

m ent

E m p lo y ­

e m p lo y ­

fo r c e

a n d te c h ­

tr a to r s ,

w o rk e rs

w o rk e rs

n ic a l

A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g ro u p

except

T o ta l

O p e ra ­
C ra ft a n d
T o ta l

k in d r e d
w o rke rs

t iv e s .
except
tr a n s p o r t

T ra n s p o rt
e q u ip ­
m ent

S e r v ic e
N o n fa rm

F a rm

w o rke rs

w o rke rs

la b o r e r s

o p e ra ­
tiv e s

fa r m

N o r t h D a k o ta

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

(2)

(2)

100.0

100.0

White m e n .......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

47.9
49.0
1.3
1.7

60.4
37.1
1.4
1.4

60.7
36.8
1.1
1.1

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

26.4
70.1

48.8
48.8

55.3
42.1

78.1
18.8

15.4
82.1

(D
1.6

(D
(D

(D
(D

(1)
2.6

86.2
10.8
3.1
(D

90.6
6.3
3.1
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

20.0
75.0
2.5
2.5

88.5
11.5

(D
3.0

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

74.4
22.2
2.1
1.4

49.0
45.7
1.7
3.6

19.6
72.7
1.6
6.0

76.9
14.5
6.8
1.9

90.2
4.9
4.4
(D

60.8
27.3
7.5
4.4

83.7
7.8
8.4

30.7
54.0
5.2
10.1

83.1
18.2

(D

79.7
9.6
10.4
(D

(D
(D

O h io

T o ta l.....................................

43.1
47.7
4.1
5.1

54.3
36.7
4.6
4.4

55.1
36.8
4.2
3.9

40.8
34.8
12.4
12.4

24.1
66.3
3.4
6.3

44.3
50.0
1.9
3.9

52.4
42.3
2.9
3.0

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

42.5
47.7
4.5
5.5

53.7
37.2
4.7
4.5

54.3
37.3
4.3
4.1

36.7
32.7
14.3
16.3

25.4
63.6
4.1
7.0

45.8
49.5
1.6
2.9

59.1
37.8
1.1
2.1

73.8
22.0
3.6
1.4

46.8
53.3
(D
(D

16.4
76.7
1.4
5.5

78.4
11.6
8.0
2.3

87.1
7.1
4.7
1.2

67.5
21.7
6.7
4.2

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

71.4
6.4
19.1
1.6

19.7
60.6
5.5
14.3

75.0
15.4
5.8
1.9

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

47.7
48.8
1.6
1.9

57.9
39.3
1.6
1.3

58.3
39.2
1.5
1.1

52.8
41.7
2.8
4.2

28.1
67.2
1.6
3.2

47.5
50.8

75.4
24.6

57.3
43.9

15.6
81.7

(D
(D

58.3
38.4
2.0
1.3

(D
(D

(D
(D

(D
1.6

85.3
12.0
2.1
(D

92.6
4.7
2.7
(D

71.8
23.6
2.7
1.8

86.0
12.0
(D
(D

90.9
9.1
1.5
0)

28.4
66.1
3.1
3.1

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

43.2
48.7
3.5
4.5

55.6
36.9
4.0
3.5

56.6
36.8
3.5
3.2

41.8
39.3
11.5
7.4

25.2
66.0
2.9
6.0

46.6
47.6
2.2
3.6

56.0
37.9
2.9
3.2

75.3
21.1
2.0
1.5

53.7
43.9
(D
1.7

21.2
71.1
2.0
5.7

77.1
16.7
4.8
1.4

90.7
4.7
4.3
(D

57.7
35.2
3.7
3.2

87.4
6.0
6.5
(D

83.2
9.2
7.3
(D

32.2
56.2
4.7
6.8

76.1
23.9
(1)
(D

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en.................

(1)
(D

O k la h o m a

O re g o n

P e n n s y lv a n ia

See footnotes at end of table.




T a b le 1. P erc en t d is trib u tio n of th e w o rk in g -a g e population and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in the U n ited States,
the 50 States, a nd th e D is tric t of C o lu m b ia , 1978 annual a ve ra g e s — C on tinu e d
B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t
M a n a g e rs
W o r k in g -

C iv ilia n

age pop­

la b o r

u la t io n

fo r c e

Un­

N o t in

e m p lo y ­

la b o r

E m p lo y ­
m ent

m ent

fo r c e

P r o fe s ­
T o ta l

and

s io n a l

a d m in is ­

and te c h ­

tr a to r s ,

n ic a l

A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g ro u p

except

S a le s
w o rk e rs

C le r ic a l
w o rk e rs

C ra ft a n d
T o ta l

k in d r e d
w o rk e rs

O p e ra ­
tiv e s ,
except
tra n s p o rt

fa r m

T ra n s p o rt
e q u ip ­
m ent
o p e ra ­

S e r v ic e
N o n fa rm

F a rm

w o rk e rs

w o rke rs

la b o re rs

tiv e s

R h o d e i s la n d

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

(2)

100.0

(2)

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

44.8
51.1
1.9
2.3

55.4
40.9
2.1
1.6

55.5
41.3
1.7
1.7

55.2
34.5
6.9
3.5

27.5
67.7
1.5
3.4

50.0
47.4
1.6
1.1

57.6
37.9
3.0

81.1
18.9
(D
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

22.4
73.1
1.5
3.0

67.1
29.7
1.3
1.9

92.2
5.9
2.0
(D

45.7
49.4
1.2
3.7

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

43.1
51.7
3.5
1.7

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

(2)

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

34.0
38.5
12.1
15.4

42.2
33.1
13.4
11.3

43.2
32.8
13.3
10.7

25.7
36.5
14.9
21.6

19.2
48.3
9.8
22.8

42.6
50.1
1.9
5.4

49.6
42.3
1.5
5.8

79.0
19.3
1.8
(D

51.5
42.4
3.0
3.0

14.7
75.0
2.0
8.3

51.1
17.0
22.9
9.0

77.9
3.7
16.9
1.6

27.6
35.5
16.3
20.7

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

37.0
9.6
53.4
1.4

19.6
31.0
13.9
35.5

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

(2)

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

46.4
49.8
1.8
2.2

57.3
40.3
1.5
1.2

57.9
39.9
1.3
1.0

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

24.4
68.9
2.4
4.9

43.0
54.7

88.9
8.3
(D
(D

61.9
38.1
(D
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

25.5
70.3
2.1
2.1

82.0
16.4
1.6
(1)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m e n .......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en.................

40.2
44.9
6.6
8.4

50.3
34.9
7.2
7.5

51.2
34.9
7.1
6.8

36.0
34.2
10.8
18.9

24.6
60.1
5.5
9.7

45.5
45.5
2.9
6.1

50.0
39.5
3.2
7.8

76.1
19.8
3.6
1.2

76.7
2.7
19.2
(D

71.2
6.7
19.2
2.9

25.4
48.4
9.0
17.2

78.0
10.2
10.2
1.7

T o ta i.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en.................

42.4
45.8
5.7
6.2

52.7
35.2
6.6
5.5

53.6
34.8
6.4
5.2

34.4
41.7
11.5
12.5

23.1
65.7
3.9
7.4

46.3
47.3
2.5
3.8

55.3
38.8
1.9
4.1

76.2
19.8
3.2
(D

(D

S o u t h C a r o lin a

S o u th D a k o ta

(D
(D

(D

76.7
20.0
(D
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

14.3
83.3
0)
2.4

81.7
15.9
1.2
(D

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

55.1
40.8
1.0
3.1

20.2
68.1
2.9
8.8

63.1
22.0
10.3
4.8

85.3
6.2
7.0
1.5

39.4
43.8
8.1
8.8

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

16.7
74.7
2.3
6.3

73.6
12.4
11.9
2.2

86.2
5.1
8.0
(D

56.6
28.5
9.2
5.7

74.8
3.7
21.0

68.6
9.7
19.8
1.9

24.4
47.9
8.5
19.2

81.5
15.2
2.8
(D

46.0
51.4
2.7

Tennessee

Texas

See footnotes at end of table.




53.9
41.3
2.9
2.1

(1)

Ta b le 1. P e rc e n t d is trib u tio n of the w o rkin g -a g e population and la b o r fo rc e b y race a nd sex in the U n ited States,
the 50 S ta tes, a nd th e D is tric t of C o lu m b ia , 1978 a nnual a ve ra g e s — C o n tinu e d
W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

M a n a g e rs
W o r k in g A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g ro u p

C iv ilia n

age pop­

la b o r

u la t io n

fo r c e

Un­
E m p lo y ­
m ent

N o t in

P r o fe s ­

and

e m p lo y ­

la b o r

s io n a l

a d m in is ­

S a le s

C le r ic a l

m ent

fo r c e

a n d te c h ­

tr a to r s ,

w o rk e rs

w o rk e rs

T o ta l

n ic a l

C ra ft a n d
T o ta l

k in d r e d
w o rk e rs

except

O p e ra ­
tiv e s ,
except
tra n s p o rt

fa r m

T ra n s p o rt
e q u ip ­
m ent
o p e ra ­

N o n fa rm

S e r v ic e

F a rm

la b o r e r s

w o rk e rs

w o rke rs

tiv e s

U ta h

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

46.5
50.4
1.6
1.4

58.9
38.2
1.9
(D

59.4
38.2
1.7
1.0

47.6
38.1
9.5
(D

25.6
71.0
1.3
2.2

49.4
48.7
1.2
1.2

57.5
40.0
2.5
1.3

78.0
20.3
1.7
(D

56.7
40.0
(1)
(D

20.0
77.8
(D
2.2

80.1
17.0
2.3
(D

96.0
4.1
1.4
(D

46.9
46.9
2.0
2.0

91.3
4.4
4.4
(D

84.0
8.0
8.0
(D

30.2
65.1
1.6
1.6

88.5
7.7
(1)
(D

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

(2)

100.0

(2)

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m e n ......................
Black and other w om en................

48.3
51.7

56.8
42.8

57.7
42.4

47.3
51.8

55.0
42.5

78.3
26.1

81.2
17.4

93.3
6.7

59.1
40.9

(D
(D

(D
(D

(D
(D

(D
(D

(D
(D

(D
(D

(D
(D

(D
(1)

(D
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

32.3
67.8

(D
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

17.7
82.4

<1)
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

30.5
68.7

(D
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

38.7
43.1
8.5
9.8

47.3
34 8
9.6
8.3

48.3
34.8
9.3
7.7

31.5
34.6
14.6
20.0

21.7
59.4
6.3
12.6

44.4
45.9
3.4
5.4

55.1
36.7
3.5
4.7

72.1
22.1
4.4
1.5

50.8
41.5
4.6
3.1

15.0
73.4
2.4
9.2

63.3
13.2
17.4
6.0

85.4
3.2
10.1
1.3

37.6
31.7
15.1
15.6

57.8
8.4
30.1
3.6

54.7
9.4
32.5
3.4

22.2
43.6
12.1
22.5

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

46.0
49.0
2.2
2.9

56.1
38.8
2.7
2.3

56.8
38.6
2.5
2.1

47.5
42.5
5.0
5.0

27.9
67.0
1.3
3.8

46.2
49.8
1.7
2.4

57.2
37.3
2.2
3.7

71.1
27.2
1.1

16.3
79.8
(D
3.2

81.4
13.7
3.9
1.2

92.6
5.1
2.3
(D

65.4
27.8
3.8
3.8

83.6
10.5
6.0
(D

77.7
15.5
6.8
1.0

33.2
59.4
2.8
4.2

75.9
20.7
1.7

(D

54.1
41.5
3.6
(D

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

47.2
50.7
1.0
1.2

64.0
34.0
1.0
(D

64.7
33.5
(D
(D

54.4
41.3
2.2
d)

28.5
68.8
(D
1.7

46.3
51.9
(D
1.5

51.3
44.7
1.3
1.3

75.8
24.2
(1)
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

19.6
78.4

88.7
9.7
1.0
(D

95.9
2.5
1.7

75.5
23.5
(D
1.0

95.4
2.3
2.3
(D

95.2
4.8
(1)
(D

32.5
65.1
1.2
1.2

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

V e rm o n t

V ir g in ia

W a s h in g t o n

(D

W e s t V ir g in ia

See footnotes at end of table.




(D
2.0

(D

T a b le 1. P e rce n t d is trib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e population and la b o r fo rc e b y race a nd sex in the U nited S tates,
the 50 States, a nd th e D is tric t o f C o lu m b ia , 1978 a n n u a h a ve ra g e s— C on tinu e d
W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

M a n a g e rs
W o r k in g -

C iv ilia n

age pop­

la b o r

u la t io n

fo r c e

m ent

Un­

N o t in

P r o fe s ­

and

la b o r

s io n a l

a d m in is ­

S a le s

C le r ic a l

m ent

E m p lo y ­

e m p lo y ­

fo r c e

a n d te c h ­

tr a to r s ,

w o rk e rs

w o rk e rs

n ic a l

A re a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g ro u p

except

T o ta l

C ra ft an d
T o ta l

k in d r e d
w o rk e rs

O p e ra ­
tiv e s ,
except
tra n s p o rt

fa r m

i

T ra n s p o rt
e q u ip ­
m ent
o p e ra ­

S e r v ic e

Nonfarm

F a rm

w o rk e rs

workers

la b o r e r s

tiv e s

W is c o n s i n

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black ai d other w om en................

46.7
50.0
1.4
2.1

56.6
40.3
1.5
1.7

57.3
40.0
1.3
1.5

44.1
45.8
4.2
5.1

26.2
69.6
1.3
3.0

44.1
53.5
(’ )
1.6

54.0
42.9
1.4
1.7

72.6
25.9
1.0
(D

49.6
50.4
(D
(D

17.1
79.1
(D
2.6

80.9
16.4
2.1
(D

92.0
6.6
1.0
(D

64.2
31.9
1.7
1.7

88.0
7.6
4.4
(D

88.6
7.6
2.9
1.0

32.9
62.8
1.0
3.3

73.5
26.5
(D
(D

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(2)

1000

100.0

100.0

(2)

(2)

(2)

100.0

(2)

White m en.......................................
White w o m e n ...-..........................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

49.3
48.7
1.0
1.0

61.5
38.5
(D
(D

71.9
23.8
(D
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

12.9
83.9
(D
(D

89.9
8.7
1.5
(1)

94.1
5.9
(D
(D

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

25.9
70.4
(D
3.7

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

'

W y o m in g

60.1
38.5
1.0
1.0

60.2
38.7
1.0
1.0

(*)
(’ )
0
(2)

25.0
72.8
1.1
1.1

1 Less than 1.0 percent.
2 Total not sufficiently large to meet BLS standards of reliability for the area,
based on the sample size in that area. See appendix A.




45.5
54.6
(D
(D

NOTE: In some cases, the sum of items may deviate from 100.0 percent by more than 1.0 percent because of
rounding. Therefore, data should not be viewed as precise measures, but as estimates within a limited possible
range of error.

T a b le 2. P e rc e n t d istrib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e po pu la tion and la b o r fo rc e b y race a nd sex in 30 la rg e S ta n da rd
M etropolitan S ta tistic a l A re a s , 1978 a vera ge s
W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

B l u e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

M a n a g e rs
W o r k in g A r e a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g r o u p

C iv ilia n

age pop­

la b o r

E m p lo y ­

Un-

N o t in

e m p lo y ­

la b o r

P r o fe s -

fo r c e

m ent

fo r c e

T o ta l

s io n a l

a d m in is ­

S a le s

C le r ic a l

a n d te c h ­

tr a to r s ,

w o rk e rs

w o rke rs

n ic a l

u la t io n

m ent

C ra ft a n d

except

T o ta l

k in d r e d
w o rk e rs

O p e ra ­
tiv e s .
except
tra n s p o rt

T ra n s p o rt
e q u ip ­
m ent
o p e ra ­

S e r v ic e

Nonfarm
laborers

w o rke rs

tiv e s

fa r m

A n a h e im - S a n ta
A n a -G a rd e n G ro v e

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

(D

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en................................
Black and other m e n ......................
Black and other w om en................

45.9
51.1
1.5
1.5

55.9
40.9
1.9
1.4

56.1
40.7
1.9
1.4

52.8
43.4
1.9
1.9

23.8
73.4
(2)
1.9

51.0
46.5
1.3
1.3

60.6
35.0
3.1
1.9

77.2
22.0
(2)
(2)

57.5
40.0
1.3
1.3

18.6
79.0
(2)
1.8

75.4
20.9
2.0
1.2

90.5
8.6
1.0
(2)

50.6
42.0
3.7
3.7

(1)
(D
(D
(D

(D
(D
(D
(D

38.1
57.1
3.8
1.9

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

d)

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

(D

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

38.1
43.5
8.4
10.0

47.1
34.6
9.2
9.2

48.0
34.5
8.6
8.9

(D
(D
(D
(D

18.8
62.5
7.1
11.6

41.4
46.7
4.5
7.4

46.7
41.6
3.7
7.3

70.8
23.9
4.4
(2)

56.3
32.8
4.7
4.7

16.0
67.5
4.5
12.0

69.8
11.0
15.1
4.1

83.9
5.1
10.2
1.7

46.9
25.0
15.6
10.9

(D
(D
<D
(D

(D
(D
(D
(D

26.7
30.7
13.9
27.7

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

36.3
39.6
10.8
13.3

46.2
31.0
11.9
10.8

47.9
31.5
10.8
9.7

22.0
25.0
26.5
26.5

18.0
55.4
8.8
17.7

42.8
43.4
4.5
9.2

52.6
32.7
7.0
7.0

74.8
16.5
5.8
2.9

49.0
40.8
2.0
6.1

16.9
65.7
2.4
14.5

66.0
10.8
19.1
3.8

84.0
4.8
11.2
(2)

45.1
24.4
19.5
11.0

(D
(D
(D
d)

57.4
6.4
31.9
4.3

28.7
27.9
17.8
25.6

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

44.0
50.5
2.5
3.1

53.0
41.2
2.8
3.1

53.1
41.1
2.8
2.9

51.0
42.0
3.0
4.0

26.7
68.0
1.9
3.3

45.9
49.4
2.0
2.7

52.7
41.5
3.1
2.7

77.6
20.3
2.1
(2)

55.2
40.2
1.1
2.3

22.1
72.8
1.3
3.7

74.8
19.1
4.0
2.2

91.1
5.2
4.4
(2)

45.0
45.0
2.7
6.4

85.7
7.1
7.1
(2)

90.0
7.5
2.5
(2)

45.5
45.0
3.7
5.3

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

(D

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

(D

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

45.2
49.2
1.8
3.8

57.6
36.6
2.2
3.6

58.6
35.5
2.4
3.6

46.0
48.0
2.0
4.0

27.0
677
1.3
4.0

46.5
49.4
(2)
3.3

54.7
41.3
(2)
2.7

(D
(1)
(D
(D

(D
(D
(D
(D

24.7
68.8
1.1
5.4

79.7
13.5
4.3
1.9

92.7
6.1
1.2
(2)

61.1
26.4
6.9
5.6

(D
(1)
(D
(D

(D
(D
(D
(D

39.7
50.0
2.6
7.7

A t la n t a

B a lt im o r e

B o s to n

B u f f a lo

See footnotes at end of table.




T a b le 2. P e rc e n t d is trib u tio n off the w o rk in g -a g e po pu la tion and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in 30 la rg e S ta n d a rd
M etropolitan S ta tistic a l A re a s , 1978 annual a ve ra g e s — C o n tinu e d
W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

B l u e - c o ll a r e m p lo y m e n t

M a n a g e rs
W o r k in g -

la b o r

Un­

C iv ilia n

age pop­

N o t in

e m p lo y ­

la b o r

u la t io n

fo r c e

E m p lo y ­
m ent

m ent

fo r c e

P r o fe s ­
T o ta l

and

s io n a l

a d m in is ­

and te c h ­

tr a to r s ,

n ic a l

A r e a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g r o u p

O p e ra ­

except

S a le s
w o rk e rs

C ra ft a n d

C le r ic a l
w o rk e rs

T o ta l

k in d r e d
w o rke rs

tiv e s ,
except
tra n s p o rt

T ra n s p o rt
e q u ip ­
m ent

S e r v ic e
N o n fa rm

w o rke rs

la b o r e r s

o p e ra ­
tiv e s

la r m

C h ic a g o

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

39.6
42.4
8.1
10.0

49.6
33.8
8.8
7.7

50.9
34.1
7.9
7.1

29.7
29.7
23.3
16.8

20.0
59.1
6.5
14.6

44.4
43.1
4.5
8.1

51.5
34.0
5.5
8.9

72.0
20.8
4.5
2.7

57.1
36.4
3.5
3.0

17.5
66.4
3.9
12.2

68.2
14.4
13.4
4.0

84.1
4.8
10.3
1.1

47.8
30.7
13.3
8.4

72.5
3.7
22.0
1.8

72.9
9.3
15.0
2.9

37.0
41.9
10.9
10.4

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

(D

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m e n ......................
Black and other w om en................

40.6
46.1
6.2
7.1

50.7
36.2
6.4
6.6

51.7
36.7
5.9
5.7

(D
(D
(D
(D

24.4
61.7
5.4
8.3

42.0
48.9
3.6
5.5

52.1
40.8
4.2
4.2

78.0
18.0
4.0
2.0

<D
(D
(D
(D

19.5
699
3.5
8.0

71.7
16.9
7.8
3.2

86.3
6.8
5.5
1.4

54.6
29.9
9.3
6.2

(D
(D
(D
(D

(D
0)
0)
(1)

30.1
49.4
8.4
12.0

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.00

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

(D

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

39.6
44.0
7.5
9.0

52.1
32.2
8.6
7.1

53.0
32.4
7.7
6.9

36.2
27.7
23.4
10.6

19.4
63.0
5.6
11.8

46.3
43.7
3.0
7.0

54.5
37.4
3.3
4.9

76.9
17.6
3.3
2.3

54.1
36.1
3.3
8.2

18.1
67.1
2.6
11.6

72.9
11.7
13.1
2.4

86.7
2.7
9.7
(2)

56.6
23.6
14.2
5.7

(D
(D
(D
(D

(D
(D
(D
(D

29.4
41.2
11.8
16.8

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

42.1
45.0
6.3
6.7

51.5
35.6
7.1
5.8

52.0
35.4
6.9
5.6

(D
(D
(D
(D

20.8
66.2
4.5
8.6

46.2
45.7
3.8
4.3

56.4
39.1
1.0
2.5

72.9
20.0
6.5
(2)

60.2
32.4
4.6
2.8

18.1
70.3
3.6
8.3

70.3
15.3
10.7
3.7

87.4
6.0
6.0
(2)

47.4
33.1
9.8
9.8

75.0
3.8
21.2
(2)

67.2
14.1
17.2
3.1

25.9
44.1
11.2
18.9

T o ta f.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

d)

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

46.0
49.5
2.2
2.3

55.7
39.7
2.6
2.1

56.1
39.4
2.5
1.9

47.4
42.1
5.3
5.3

24.1
72.0
1.2
2.7

47.0
48.5
1.9
2.4

61.3
34.5
2.5
1.7

71.0
24.7
2.2
1.1

54.4
45.6
(2)
(2)

19.0
75.2
1.3
4.6

80.0
14.6
4.4
(2)

86.5
7.9
4.5
(2)

63.6
30.9
5.4
1.8

(1)
(D
(D
(D

86.5
10.8
2.7
(2)

41.8
53.8
1.1
3.3

C i n c in n a t i

C l e v e la n d

D a l l a s — F t. W o r t h

D e n v e r — B o u ld e r

See footnotes at end of table.




T a b le 2. P e rc e n t d istrib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e po pu la tion and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in 30 la rge S ta n da rd
M etropolitan S ta tistical A re a s , 1978 annual a v e ra g e s — C o n tinu e d
White-collar employment
Managers
and
Profes­
adminis­
sional
and tech­ trators,
nical
except
farm

Workingage pop­
ulation

Civilian
labor
force

Employ­
ment

Un­
employ­
ment

Not In
iabor
force

Total

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

39.5
42.3
8.2
9.9

50.5
31.7
9.5
8.3

52.1
31.9
8.7
7.3

29.6
30.3
19.0
21.1

20.7
60.5
6.1
12.8

44.0
43.9
4.1
8.0

55.3
34.8
5.0
5.0

T o ta l....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en......................................
White w om en................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

40.0
40.4
10.1
9.5

48.7
31.5
11.4
8.3

49.8
31.4
10.9
7.8

25.4
33.3
20.6
19.0

19.2
61.3
7.2
12.4

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

White m en.......................................
White w om en................................
Black and other m e n ......................
Black and other w om en................

43.6
45.6
4.9
6.0

52.6
36.1
6.2
5.3

53.4
36.0
5.8
4.7

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

41.8
46.0
6.1
6.1

T o ta l.....................................
White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

Area and demographic group

Blue-collar employment

Total

Craft and
kindred
workers

Opera­
tives,
except
transport

Transport
equip­
ment
opera­
tives

Nonfarm
laborers

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

50.9
39.3
3.6
6.3

16.2
67.0
2.7
14.5

70.9
11.2
14.8
3.0

85.5
3.3
10.8
(2)

56.2
20.1
18.4
5.7

77.8
4.2
13.9
4.2

67.1
12.9
17.1
2.9

29.5
45.5
8.7
16.3

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

54.6
34.4
3.3
7.7

75.7
18.4
4.4
1.5

50.6
44.2
3.9
1.3

12.4
74.7
3.3
9.5

69.6
6.8
21.0
2.3

80.1
3.3
16.1
(2)

63.0
17.6
13.9
5.6

56.5
2.2
37.0
2.2

58.3
4.2
34.7
2.8

20.9
35.8
12.8
30.4

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

d)

(D

100.0

24.1
65.8
2.3
7.5

45.5
46.6
3.0
4.9

55.3
40.0
1.2
3.5

76.1
19.5
4.3
(2)

(D
(D
d)
(D

16.0
70.0
4.0
9.0

72.7
15.5
8.6
3.7

87.9
6.1
7.6
(2)

54.4
27.9
7.4
10.3

(1)
(1)
(1)
(D

(1)
(1)
(D
(D

29.0
53.6
10.1
7.2

(D

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

100.0

100.0

51.1
37.5
6.5
4.8

0)
(D
(D
(D

24.5
64.2
4.2
6.8

42.9
50.6
3.3
3.3

54.7
37.9
3.2
3.2

75.0
22.1
2.9
1.5

52.5
42.5
2.5
(2)

15.0
75.9
3.8
5.3

73.3
12.9
11.0
2.9

85.0
7.5
7.5
1.3

57.6
28.8
5.1
8.5

(1)
(1)
(1)
(D

70.5
6.8
22.7
(2)

26.9
48.7
9.0
17.9

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

48.3
34.6
9.0
8.1

49.0
34.6
8.5
7.9

38.1
34.7
15.3
11.9

21.5
58.4
6.3
13.9

40.7
42.8
7.3
9.2

50.6
32.0
8.7
8.5

63.4
24.3
9.3
2.9

50.0
38.2
6.1
6.1

17.0
63.0
5.5
14.3

69.5
15.8
11.0
3.7

81.1
6.1
12.0
(2)

53.2
31.6
8.4
6.8

81.0
4.0
13.0
2.0

74.8
7.7
14.0
4.2

35.1
44.4
7.8
12.7

Sales
workers

Clerical
workers

100.0

74.4
17.0
6.3
2.3

100.0

42.7
47.4
3.6
6.4

100.0

(D
(D
(D
(D

100.0

50.0
37.2
7.0
5.6

100.0
39.0
42.8
8.0
10.1

Service
workers

Detroit

Houston

Indianapolis

Kansas City

Los Angeles— Long Beach

See footnotes at end of table.




T a b le 2. P e rc e n t d is trib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e popu la tion and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in 30 la rge S ta n da rd
M etropolitan S ta tistic a l A re a s , 1978 annual a ve ra g e s — C on tinu e d
B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t
M a n a g e rs
W o r k in g -

C iv ilia n

age pop­

la b o r

u la t io n

fo r c e

E m p lo y ­

T ra n s p o rt

m ent

Un­

N o t in

P r o fe s ­

and

e m p lo y ­

la b o r

s io n a l

a d m in is ­

S a le s

C ie r ic a i

m ent

fo r c e

a n d te c h ­

tr a to r s ,

w o rke rs

w o rk e rs

n ic a l

A r e a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g r o u p

except

T o ta l

C ra ft an d
k in d r e d

tiv e s .

w o rk e rs

T o ta l

O p e ra ­

except
tr a n s p o r t

S e r v ic e

e q u ip ­
m ent
o p e ra ­

N o n fa rm

w o rk e rs

la b o r e r s

tiv e s

fa r m

M ia m i

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

(D

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

35.7
40.8
10.8
12.7

42.6
30.7
14.0
12.9

43.0
31.2
13.9
11.9

37.0
23.9
15.2
26.1

24.7
57.0
5.9
12.4

42.2
39.4
7.1
11.4

54.1
28.2
7.1
9.4

65.7
22.4
7.5
4.5

(D
(D
(D
(D

17.8
57.4
7.0
17.8

52.0
20.2
23.3
4.5

71.6
7.4
18.5
1.2

29.9
48.1
13.0
9.1

(D
(D
(D
(D

(D
(D
(D
(D

24.0
30.0
14.0
31.0

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

(D

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

43.2
49.0
3.2
4.4

53.9
39.6
3.1
3.4

54.7
39.5
2.8
3.0

(1)
(D
(D
(D

21.8
68.1
3.4
6.6

44.1
51.7
1.7
2.5

53.1
42.5
1.8
2.7

71.3
26.3
1.3
1.3

45.7
54.3
(2)
(2)

15.7
77.4
2.6
4.3

79.2
14.2
4.9
1.8

91.3
6.5
2.2
(2)

63.6
28.6
3.9
5.2

(D
(D
(D
(D

(D
(1)
(D
(D

35.9
55.4
2.2
6.5

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

(D

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

47.0
50.0
1.5
1.5

55.7
41.5
1.6
1.2

56.2
41.1
1.6
1.1

(D
(D
(D
(D

24.7
71.7
1.2
2.6

49.2
48.2
1.6
1.1

58.9
38.1
2.0
1.0

74.6
23.8
1.6
(2)

58.3
40.5
1.2
(2)

22.3
74.9
1.4
1.9

80.4
17.5
1.4
(2)

91.5
6.6
(2)
(2)

59.8
39.1
1.1
1.1

(D
(D
(D
d)

(D
(D
(D
(D

38.5
56.8
2.0
2.7

M ilw a u k e e

M i n n e a p o li s — S t. P a u l

N a s s a u — S u f f o lk

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................

44.7
49.4
27
3.3

57.0
36.4
33
3.3

58.1
35.6
31
3.2

39.8
48.2
60
6.0

24.5
70.7
16
3.1

51.2
44.2
17
2.9

61.2
33.8
20
3.0

82.8
13.1
28
1.4

56.1
42.9
10
(2)

22.4
71.8
1.2
5.0

79.7
13.3
47
2.3

92.3
4.2
3,5

(D
(1)
(1)

(2)

50.7
38.0
2.8
8.5

(D

85.3
7.8
59
2.0

46.7
42.0
60
6.0

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.00

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

35.4
41.6
9.9
13.0

45.3
31.9
11.9
10.9

45.8
32.0
11.4
10.8

39.8
30.5
17.7
11.9

22.0
54.9
7.1
16.0

41.5
40.5
7.7
10.3

48.4
34.1
7.2
10.3

66.2
21.1
10.2
2.5

56.8
30.0
7.8
5.3

20.3
57.6
6.9
15.1

62.0
14.8
17.5
5.6

79.7
3.5
15.9
1.0

38.1
34.5
13.8
13.8

72.6
1.6
25.8
(2)

71.8
4.3
23.9
(2)

37.2
25.0
16.5
21.0

Black and other w om en................
N e w Y o rk

See footnotes at end of table.




T a b le 2. P e rc e n t d istrib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e po pu la tion and la b o r fo rc e b y race a nd sex in 30 la rge S ta n da rd
M etro po litan S ta tistic a l A re a s , 1978 annual a ve ra g e s — C o n tinu e d
W h it e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

B lu e - c o lla r e m p lo y m e n t

M a n a g e rs
W o r k in g -

C iv ilia n

age pop-

la b o r

Un­

N o t in

e m p lo y -

la b o r

u la t io n

fo r c e

E m p lo y ­
m ent

m ent

fo r c e

P ro fe s ­

a d m in is -

a n d te c h ­

T o ta l

and

s io n a l

tr a to r s ,

n ic a l

A r e a a n d d e m o g r a p h ic g r o u p

except

Sales
workers

Clerical
workers

C ra ft a n d
T o ta l

k in d r e d
w o rke rs

Operaexcept
tr a n s p o r t

fa r m

T ra n s p o rt
S e r v ic e

e q u ip m ent
o p e ra ­

laborers

w o rke rs

t iv e s

N e w a rk

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(1)

(D

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

38.1
42.9
8.5
10.5

48.2
33.6
9.3
8.9

48.7
33.8
9.1
8.4

41.5
30.8
12.3
16.9

20.1
59.7
7.1
13.1

43.8
42.4
5.2
8.6

48.8
35.3
7.1
8.8

70.2
19.2
6.7
2.9

54.1
42.6
1.6
(2)

17.7
63.4
3.7
15.2

61.9
15.0
17.3
5.8

77.8
5.6
15.6
1.1

39.6
34.1
12.1
14.3

(D
d)
(D
d)

(D
(D
(D
(D

39.6
39.6
7.2
13.5

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m e n......................
Black and other w om en................

38.4
44.3
7.6
9.7

50.0
34.3
8.5
7.3

51.3
34.9
7.3
6.5

32.3
27.4
23.8
16.5

21.4
59.3
6.1
13.2

44.8
44.4
4.1
6.7

53.0
35.9
5.3
5.8

73.4
20.1
4.2
2.8

53.8
41.2
(2)
4.2

18.9
66.0
4.0
10.6

70.8
14.1
12.1
3.2

84.3
4.8
10.5
(2)

49.5
32.0
10.5
8.0

79.7
4.1
14.9
(2)

73.8
7.5
18.8
1.3

32.1
44.2
9.2
14.5

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

100.0

100.0

W hite m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m e n ......................
Black and other w om en................

45.2
49.6
2.5
2.7

58.6
36.5
2.8
2.2

59.6
35.9
2.5
2.2

43.6
46.8
8.1
1.6

26.7
67.7
2.2
3.4

49.1
47.6
1.3
2.1

58.2
38.2
1.8
1.8

75.0
20.2
2.4
1.2

52.8
44.5
1.4
(2)

23.6
72.1
(2)
3.7

85.5
10.3
3.9
(2)

93.8
3.4
2.8
(2)

71.1
22.7
4.1
1.0

d)
(1)
(D
(D

87.9
8.6
5.2
(2)

32.8
56.7
3.7
6.7

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(1)

100.0

100.0

100.0

d)

(D

(D

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m e n .......................
Black and other w om en................

45.1
48.2
2.7
3.9

55.5
36.1
3.9
4.4

56.7
35.9
3.6
3.8

41.0
38.5
7.7
12.8

29.8
66.1
1.0
3.1

41.2
52.3
1.2
5.0

56.7
35.8
1.5
6.0

74.1
20.4
3.7
1.9

(D
(D
(D
(D

13.3
79.1
1.0
6.7

87.6
7.6
4.9
(2)

96.7
1.1
2.2
(2)

(D
(D
(D
(D

(D
d)
(D
(D

(D
(1)
(1)
(D

31.1
51.4
6.8
9.5

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m e n ......................
Black and other w om e n ................

38.7
44.6
7.4
9.3

49.1
34.2
8.2
8.6

50.7
34.2
7.5
7.8

23.8
33.3
20.6
20.6

20.8
62.4
6.0
10.6

43.7
44.8
3.8
7.7

50.9
37.7
4.2
7.8

72.6
20.5
4.3
3.4

57.1
35.7
3.6
3.6

17.5
67.5
3.8
11.8

74.5
10.3
12.6
2.6

90.4
3.5
5.3
(2)

56.3
21.4
15.5
6.8

(1)
(1)
(D
(D

72.5
3.9
21.6
2.0

26.8
42.3
11.4
19.5

P h i la d e lp h ia

P it t s b u r g h

R iv e r s id e — S a n B e r n a r d in o —
O n t a r io

S t. L o u is

See footnotes at end of table.




T a b le 2. P e rc e n t d is trib u tio n of the w o rk in g -a g e population and la b o r fo rc e b y race and sex in 30 large S ta n da rd
M etropolitan S ta tistic a l A re a s , 1978 annual a ve ra g e s — C on tinu e d
Blue-collar employment

White-collar employment
Managers
and
Profes­
adminis­
sional
and tech­ trators,
except
nical
farm

Total

Craft and
kindred
workers

Opera­
tives.
except
transport

Transport
equip­
ment
opera­
tives

Nonfarm
laborers

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

(D

100.0

48.1
42.3
3.8
5.8

15.9
73.2
2.9
8.0

75.5
14.0
5.5
4.5

89.4
6.4
5.3
(2)

53.4
27.6
3.4
15.5

(D
(D
(D
(D

(1)
(D
(D
(D

38.5
49.5
4.6
7.3

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

50.3
33.4
9.1
7.1

63.7
24.9
8.3
2.6

53.2
36.7
7.3
4.6

18.0
62.1
5.7
13.9

72.8
9.4
12.9
4.6

82.1
5.4
10.7
1.8

51.1
20.7
14.1
14.1

75.5
3.8
18.9
1.9

77.6
8.6
13.8
(2)

33.2
36.7
14.6
15.6

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

(D

100.0

18.9
71.0
3.1
6.9

47.6
45.2
3.7
3.7

61.8
28.2
8.4
2.3

68.8
28.6
1.3
1.3

(1)
(D
(D
(D

17.1
74.0
1.6
7.3

71.4
19.0
4.8
4.2

88.9
5.6
2.8
1.4

46.2
38.5
4.6
9.2

(D
(D

(D
(D

d)

0)

(D

(D

45.5
43.9
7.6
3.0

(D

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

(D

(D

100.0

54.9
39.1
3.5
2.5

(D
(D
(D
(D

26.8
66.2
2.0
5.0

48.1
47.6
2.0
2.2

59.2
34.4
2.5
3.8

68.4
30.4
1.3
(2)

58.7
36.5
4.8
(2)

20.5
76.0
(2)
2.7

77.5
14.1
5.8
2.6

88.6
8.0
3.4
1.1

(D

(D

(1)

(D
(D
(D
(D

(D
<D
(D

38.8
50.6
5.9
4.7

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

41.5
30.6
14.3
13.7

42.2
30.9
13.7
13.2

24.6
23.2
26.1
24.6

18.8
53.3
9.9
18.0

40.9
37.3
8.6
13.1

52.3
29.4
8.8
9.5

63.9
23.1
9.6
3.4

47.6
37.8
8.5
6.1

12.7
55.0
7.8
24.5

60.5
4.9
30.9
4.1

74.2
1.6
23.4
1.6

50.0
15.7
17.6
15.7

33.3
5.6
58.3
2.8

53.1
4.1
38.8
4.1

24.5
29.9
19.6
26.1

Workingage pop­
ulation

Civilian
labor
force

Employ­
ment

Un­
employ­
ment

Not in
labor
force

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.00

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

42.2
48.2
4.0
5.6

51.9
38.0
4.5
5.6

52.6
38.1
3.9
5.4

41.2
37.3
11.8
7.8

24.5
66.7
3.1
5.7

45.1
46.8
2.9
5.1

58.5
33.9
3.4
4.2

67.3
27.7
2.0
3.0

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

39.2
41.4
9.4
10.1

48.0
33.2
10.3
8.5

48.6
33.2
9.9
8.3

39.5
33.3
16.7
11.4

22.4
56.9
7.6
13.0

42.4
41.9
7.7
8.2

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

(D

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

43.6
47.4
3.5
4.9

53.4
37.9
4.7
4.0

53.8
37.8
4.4
3.9

(D
(D
(D
(D

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

100.0

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en......................
Black and other w om en................

45.8
47.7
3.1
3.4

54.2
39.4
3.5
2.7

T o ta l.....................................

100.0

White m en.......................................
White w om en.................................
Black and other m en.......................
Black and other w om en................

34.6
37.4
13.0
15.0

Area and demographic group

Total

Sales
workers

Clerical
workers

Service
workers

San Diego

San Francisco—Oakland

San .Jose

Seattle— Everett

(1)
(D

Washington, D.C.

1 Total not sufficiently large to meet BLS standards of reliability for the area,
based on the sample size in that area. See appendix A.
2 Less than 1.0 percent.




NOTE: In some cases, the sum of items may deviate from 100.0 percent by more than 1.0 percent because of
rounding. Therefore, data should not be viewed as precise measures, but as estimates w ithin a limited possible
range of error.

Appendix A. Reliability of
Estimates and Publication
Standards

Reliability of estimates

The estimates presented in this bulletin are based on
the Current Population Survey (CPS)—a sample of the
population rather than a complete count. Consequent­
ly, these estimates may differ from the figures that would
have been obtained if it had been possible to take a
complete census using the same schedules and proce­
dures that were used in the CPS. In general, the rela­
tive error of a sample estimate varies inversely with the
size of the sample and the size of the estimate. Hence,
an estimate for a small subgroup of the population with­
in an area will tend to have a relatively larger error
than an estimate for a subgroup constituting a large
proportion of the population within that area.
Publication standards

The proportion of the total population sampled in
the CPS differs among many of the areas for which




19

data are reported in this bulletin. Differences in the
sample size are necessary to obtain statistically consis­
tent total unemployment levels—with an annual coef­
ficient of variation of 10 percent or less (at one stand­
ard error) at a 6-percent unemployment rate. For in­
stance, in Vermont, about 1 in every 350 households is
surveyed, whereas in Iowa, about 1 in every 1200 house­
holds is sampled. BLS also requires that at least 30 sam­
ple cases be the basis for any distribution of levels or
percentages of State or area data.
Estimates are not shown in this bulletin when they
do not meet the minimum standard for the area listed
in table A-l. The determining factor is the size of the
base of the distribution. For example, in any of the ta­
bles in this bulletin, the base for any demographic dis­
tribution is the total being distributed, such as total
working-age population, total unemployed, or total em­
ployment in a specific occupational group.

T a b le A -1 .

M inim um ba se s re q u ire d fo r pu b lic atio n of State o r area data

(in thousands)
S ta te o r a re a

Alabama...............................................................
Alaska...................................................................
Arizona.................................................................
Arkansas...............................................................
California.............................................................
Colorado...............................................................
Connecticut.........................................................
Delaware...............................................................
District of Columbia...........................................
Florida...................................................................
Georgia.................................................................
Hawaii....................................................................
Idaho.....................................................................
Illinois...................................................................
Indiana.................................................................
Iowa........................................................................
Kansas .................................................................
Kentucky .............................................................
Louisiana.............................................................
M aine...................................................................
Maryland...............................................................
Massachusetts...................................................
Michigan...............................................................
Minnesota.............................................................
Mississippi...........................................................
Missouri...............................................................
Montana...............................................................
Nebraska.............................................................




M in im u m b a s e

S ta te o r a re a

M in im u m b a s e

Nevada .................................................................
New Hampshire...................................................
New Jersey...........................................................
New Mexico.........................................................
New York..............................................................
North Carolina.....................................................
North Dakota.......................................................
O h io ......................................................................
Oklahoma.............................................................
Oregon..................................................................
Pennsylvania.......................................................
Rhode Island.......................................................

44
35
46
33
46
20
21
46

46

46

Boston SMSA.......................................................
Denver-Boulder SMSA.........................................
Kansas City SMSA...............................................
Washington, D.C., S M S A ...................................
All other SMSA’s .................................................

20

20

South Carolina.....................................................
South Dakota.......................................................
Tennessee ...........................................................
Texas......................................................................
Utah........................................................................
Vermont...............................................................
Virginia .................................................................
Washington.........................................................
West Virginia.......................................................
Wisconsin...........................................................
Wyoming.............................................................

46

39

21
46
20
46
55
20
46
48
49
46
25

20
20
46
46
41
34
46
46
21

61
39

20
46
49
20
20
65
48
34
51
20

46
52
33
46
20
30

20

34
38
21
46

Appendix B. Geographic
Definitions of Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Areas

A Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) is
defined as a county containing at least one city with
50,000 inhabitants or more, or several economically and
socially related contiguous counties with at least one
city of 25,000 inhabitants or more. In the New England
States, where SMSA’s are comprised of cities and towns,
the minimum population size is 75,000.
The geographic definitions of the SMSA’s are occa­




sionally revised by the Office of Federal Statistical Pol­
icy and Standards, resulting in a break in the data se­
ries for the revised areas. Table B-l compares the ge­
ographic composition of the 30 large SMSA’s accord­
ing to their 1970 and 1973 definitions. The 1973 defini­
tions are the most current definitions and are the basis
for the SMSA data in this bulletin.

21

Ta b le B -1 .

G e o g ra p h ic de fin itio n s of S tandard M etropolitan S tatistical A re a s
1970 definition

Area
Anaheim—Santa Ana—
Garden Grove......................

1973 definition

Orange County

Same

Atlanta.....................................

Countries of Cobb, Clayton, DeKalb, Fulton,
Gwinnett

1970 definition plus counties of Butts, Cherokee,
Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth, Henry, Newton, Paulding,
Rockdale, Walton

Baltimore.................................

City of Baltimore; counties of Anne Arundel,
Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, Howard

Same

Boston.....................................

Suffolk County and parts of counties of Essex,
Middlesex, Norfolk, Plymouth

1970 definition plus Boxford Town in Essex County;
towns of Acton, Boxborough, Carlisle, Holliston in
Middlesex County; Bellingham, Foxborough,
Franklin, Medway, Stoughton, Wrentham in
Norfolk County; and Abington, Hanson, Kingston
in Plymouth County

Buffalo.....................................

Counties of Erie and Niagara

Same

Chicago...................................

Counties of Cook, Du Page, Kane, Lake, McHenry,
Will

Same

Cincinnati...............................

Ohio portion: Counties of Clermont, Hamilton,
Warren

Same

Kentucky portion: Counties of Boone, Campbell,
Kenton
Indiana portion: Dearborn County
Cleveland.................................

Counties of Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Medina

Same

Dallas—Fort Worth.................

Counties of Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Kaufman,
Rockwall, Johnson, Tarrant

1970 definition plus counties of Hood, Parker, Wise

Denver—Boulder....................

Counties of Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder, Jefferson,
Denver

1970 definition plus counties of Douglas and Gilpin

Detroit.....................................

Counties of Macomb, Oakland, Wayne

1970 definition plus counties of Lapeer, Livingston,
St. Clair

Houston...................................

Counties of Brazoria, Fort Bend, Harris, Liberty,
Montgomery

1970 definition plus Waller County

Indianapolis..............................

Counties of Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks,
Johnson, Marion, Morgan, Shelby

Same

Kansas City..............................

Missouri portion: Counties of Cass, Clay, Jackson,
Platte

1970 definition plus Ray County, Missouri

Kansas portion: Counties of Johnson and Wyandotte
Los Angeles—Long Beach. . . .

Los Angeles County

Same

Miami.......................................

Dade County

Same

Milwaukee...............................

Counties of Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Washington,
Waukesha

Same

Minneapolis—St. Paul.............

Minnesota portion: Counties of Anoka, Dakota,
Hennepin, Ramsey, Washington

1970 definition plus counties of Carver, Chisago,
Scott, Wright, Minnesota; and St. Croix, Wisconsin

Nassau—Suffolk....................

Counties of Nassau and Suffolk

Same

New York.................................

New York City (5 counties), and counties of Rock­
land and Westchester

1970 definition plus Putnam County, New York, and
Bergen County, New Jersey

Newark.....................................

Counties of Essex, Morris, Union

1970 definition plus Somerset County

Philadelphia............................

Pennsylvania portion: Counties of Bucks, Chester,
Delaware, Montgomery, Philadelphia

Same

New Jersey portion: Counties of Burlington, Camden,
Gloucester
Pittsburgh..............................
Riverside—San
Bernardino—Ontario...........




Counties of Allegheny, Beaver, Washington,
Westmoreland

Same

Counties of Riverside and San Bernardino

Same

22

T a b le B -1 .

G e o g ra p h ic d e fin itio n s of S ta n da rd M etropolitan S tatistical A re a s — C on tinu e d

A re a

1 9 7 0 d e fin itio n

St. Louis...................................

1 9 7 3 d e fin itio n

Missouri portion: St. Louis City and counties of
Franklin, Jefferson, St. Charles, St. Louis

1970 definition plus counties of Clinton and
Monroe, Illinois

Illinois portion: Counties of Madison and St. Clair
San Diego.................................

San Diego County

Same

San Francisco—Oakland.........

Counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, San
Francisco, San Mateo

Same

San Jose...................................

Santa Clara County

Same

Seattle—Everett......................

Counties of King and Snohomish

Same

Washington, D.C....................

District of Columbia

1970 definition plus Charles County, Maryland

t




Virginia portion: Counties of Arlington, Fairfax,
Loudoun, Prince William; cities of Alexandria,
Falls Church, Fairfax, Manassas, Manassas Park
Maryland portion: Counties of Montgomery and
Prince Georges

23

Appendix C. Occupational
Classification System

The classification system used for the occupational
data follows the taxonomy used in the 1970 Census of
Population, which is exhaustive of total employment.
These data are arranged into four major groups and
cross-classified with 1970 census codes as follows:
001 to 395 - white-collar workers
401 to 785 - blue-collar workers
901 to 984 - service workers
801 to 824 - farm workers
The total for white-collar workers is the sum of the
estimates for professional, technical, and kindred work­
ers; managers and administrators; sales workers; and
clerical workers. Similarly, the estimates for craft work­
ers; operatives, except transport; transport equipment
operatives; and nonfarm laborers add up to the total




for blue-collar workers. These detailed classifications
correspond exactly with the groups having the same
titles in the 1970 census. Data for service workers and
farm workers are not separated into more detailed cate­
gories in this bulletin.
The detailed occupational categories that are con­
tained within the broad categories in this bulletin are
listed in table C-l for the convenience of the user. A
more detailed treatment of this subject may be found
in: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1970 Census o f Popula­
tion Alphabetical Index o f Industries and Occupations and
1970 Census o f Population Classified Index of Industries
and Occupations (U.S. Government Printing Office,
1971).

24

Table C-1.
categories

Detailed occupational categories contained within the broad occupational
Professional, technical, and kindred workers—
Continued

Professional, technical, and kindred workers

Nurses, dietitians, and therapists
Dietitians
Registered nurses
Therapists
Health technologists and technicians
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
Dental hygienists
Health record technologists and technicians
Radiologic technologists and technicians
Therapy assistants
Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.
Religious workers
Clergy
Religious workers, n.e.c.
Social scientists
Economists
Political scientists
Psychologists
Sociologists
Urban and regional planners
Social scientists, n.e.c.
Social and recreation workers
Social workers
Recreation workers
Teachers, college and university
Agriculture teachers
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space teachers
Biology teachers
Chemistry teachers
Physics teachers
Engineering teachers
Mathematics teachers
Health specialties teachers
Psychology teachers
Business and commerce teachers
Economics teachers
History teachers
Sociology teachers
Social science teachers, n.e.c.
Art, drama, and music teachers
Coaches and physical education teachers
Education teachers
English teachers
Foreign language teachers
Home economics teachers
Law teachers
Theology teachers
Trade, industrial, and technical teachers
Miscellaneous teachers, college and university
Teachers, college and university, subject not
specified

Accountants
Architects
Computer specialists
Computer programmers
Computer systems analysts
Computer specialists, n.e.c.
Engineers
Aeronautical and astronautical engineers
Chemical engineers
Civil engineers
Electrical and electronic engineers
Industrial engineers
Mechanical engineers
Metallurgical and materials engineers
Mining engineers
Petroleum engineers
Sales engineers
Engineers, n.e.c.
Farm management advisors
Foresters and conservationists
Home management advisors
Lawyers and judges
Judges
Lawyers
Librarians, archivists, and curators
Librarians
Archivists and curators
Mathematical specialists
Actuaries
Mathematicians
Statisticians
Life and physical scientists
Agricultural scientists
Atmospheric and space scientists
Biological scientists
Chemists
Geologists
Marine scientists
Physicists and astronomers
Life and physical scientists, n.e.c.
Operations and systems researchers and analysts
Personnel and labor relations workers
Physicians, dentists, and related practitioners
Chiropractors
Dentists
Optometrists
Pharmacists
Physicians, medical and osteopathic
Podiatrists
Veterinarians
Health practitioners, n.e.c.



25

Table C-1. Detailed occupational categories contained within the broad occupational
categories—Continued
Professional, technical, and kindred workers—
Continued

Managers and administrators, except farm—
Continued

Teachers, except college and university
Adult education teachers
Elementary school teachers
Prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers
Secondary school teachers
Teachers, except college and university, n.e.c.
Engineering and science technicians
Agriculture and biological technicians, except health
Chemical technicians
Drafters
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians
.Industrial engineering technicians
Mechanical engineering technicians
Mathematical technicians
Surveyors
Engineering and science technicians, n.e.c.
Technicians, except health, engineering, and
science
Airplane pilots
Air traffic controllers
Embalmers
Flight engineers
Radio operators
Tool programmers, numerical control
Technicians, n.e.c.
Vocational and educational counselors
Writers, artists, and entertainers
Actors
Athletes and kindred workers
Authors
Dancers
Designers
Editors and reporters
Musicians and composers
Painters and sculptors
Photographers
Public relations specialists and publicity writers
Radio and television announcers
Writers, artists, and entertainers, n.e.c.
Research workers, not specified

Construction inspectors, public administration
Inspectors, except construction, public administration
Managers and superintendents, building
Office managers, n.e.c.
Officers, pilots, and pursers; ship
Officials and administrators; public administration,
n.e.c.
Officials of lodges, societies, and unions
Postmasters and mail superintendents
Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c.
Railroad conductors
Restaurant, cafeteria, and bar managers
Sales managers and department heads, retail trade
Sales managers, except retail trade
School administrators, college
School administrators, elementary and secondary
Managers and administrators, n.e.c.
Sales workers

Advertising agents and sales workers
Auctioneers
Demonstrators
Hucksters and peddlers
Insurance agents, brokers, and underwriters
Newspaper carriers and vendors
Real estate agents and brokers
Stock and bond sales agents
Sales workers, n.e.c.
Sales representatives, manufacturing industries
Sales representatives, wholesale trade
Sales clerks, retail trade
Sales workers, except clerks, retail trade
Sales workers, services and construction
Clerical and kindred workers

Bank tellers
Billing clerks
Bookkeepers
Cashiers
Clerical assistants, social welfare
Clerical supervisors, n.e.c.
Collectors, bill and account
Counter clerks, except food
Dispatchers and starters, vehicle
Enumerators and interviewers
Estimators and investigators, n.e.c.
Expediters and production controllers
File clerks
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators
Library attendants and assistants

Managers and administrators, except farm

Assessors, controllers, and treasurers, local public
administration
Bank officers and financial managers
Buyers and shippers, farm products
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade
Credit and collection managers
Funeral directors
Health administrators



26

Table C-1. Detailed occupational categories contained within the broad occupational
categories—
-Continued
Craft and kindred workers—Continued

Clerical and kindred workers—Continued

Dental laboratory technicians
Electricians
Electrician apprentices
Electric power line and cable installers and repairers
Electrotypers and stereotypers
Engravers, except photoengravers
Excavating, grading, and road machine operators;
except bulldozer
Floor layers, except tilesetters
Blue-collar worker supervisors, n.e.c.
Forge and hammer operators
Furniture and wood finishers
Furriers
Glaziers
Heat treaters, annealers, and temperers
Inspectors, scalers, and graders; log and lumber
Inspectors, n.e.c.
Jewelers and watchmakers
Job and die setters, metal
Locomotive engineers
Locomotive engineer helpers
Machinists
Machinist apprentices
Mechanics and repairers
Air-conditioning, heating, and refrigeration
Aircraft
Automobile body repairers
Automobile mechanics
Automobile mechanic apprentices
Data processing machine repairers
Farm implement
Heavy equipment mechanics, including diesel
Household appliance and accessory installers and
mechanics
Loom fixers
Office machine
Radio and television
Railroad and car shop
Mechanics, except auto, apprentices
Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers
Not specified mechanics and repairers
Millers; grain, flour, and feed
Millwrights
Molders, metal
Molder apprentices
Motion picture projectionists
Opticians, and lens grinders and polishers
Painters, construction and maintenance
Painter apprentices
Paperhangers
Pattern and modelmakers, except paper
Photoengravers and lithographers
Piano and organ tuners and repairers

Mail carriers, post office
Mail handlers, except post office
Messengers and office helpers
Meter readers, utilities
Office machine operators
Bookkeeping and billing machine operators
Calculating machine operators
Computer and peripheral equipment operators
Duplicating machine operators
Keypunch operators
Tabulating machine operators
Office machine operators, n.e.c.
Payroll and timekeeping clerks
Postal clerks
Proofreaders
Real estate appraisers
Receptionists
Secretaries
Secretaries, legal
Secretaries, medical
Secretaries, n.e.c.
Shipping and receiving clerks
Statistical clerks
Stenographers
Stock clerks and storekeepers
Teacher aides, except school monitors
Telegraph messengers
Telegraph operators
Telephone operators
Ticket, station, and express agents
Typists
Weighers
Miscellaneous clerical workers
Not specified clerical workers
Craft and kindred workers
Automobile accessories installers
Bakers
Blacksmiths
Boilermakers
Bookbinders
Brickmasons and stonemasons
Brickmasons and stonemasons, apprentices
Bulldozer operators
Cabinetmakers
Carpenters
Carpenter apprentices
Carpet installers
Cement and concrete finishers
Compositors and typesetters
Printing trade apprentices, except printing press
Crane, derrick, and hoist operators
Decorators and window dressers



27

Table C-1. Detailed occupational categories contained within the broad occupational
categories—Continued
Craft and kindred workers—Continued

Operatives, except transport—Continued

Milliners
Mine operatives, n.e.c.
Mixing operatives
Oilers and greasers, except auto
Packers and wrappers, except meat and produce
Painters, manufactured articles
Photographic process workers
Precision machine operatives
Drill press operatives
Grinding machine operatives
Lathe and milling machine operatives
Precision machine operatives, n.e.c.
Punch and stamping press operatives
Riveters and fasteners
Sailors and deckhands
Sawyers
Sewers and stitchers
Shoemaking machine operatives
Solderers
Furnace tenders and stokers, except metal
Textile operatives
Carding, lapping, and combing operatives
Knitters, loopers, and toppers
Spinners, twisters, and winders
Weavers
Textile operatives, n.e.c.
Welders and flamecutters
Winding operatives, n.e.c.
Machine operatives, miscellaneous specified
Machine operatives, not specified
Miscellaneous operatives
Not specified operatives

Plasterers
Plasterer apprentices
Plumbers and pipefitters
Plumber and pipefitter apprentices
Power station operators
Printing press operators
Printing press apprentices
Rollers and finishers, metal
Roofers and slaters
Sheetmetal workers and tinsmiths
Sheetmetal apprentices
Shipfitters
Shoe repairers
Sign painters and letterers
Stationary engineers
Stonecutters and stone carvers
Structural metal craft workers
Tailors
Telephone installers and repairers
Telephone line installers and repairers
Tilesetters
Tool-and-die makers
Tool-and-die maker apprentices
Upholsterers
Specified craft apprentices, n.e.c.
Not specified apprentices
Craft and kindred workers, n.e.c.
Operatives, except transport

Asbestos and insulation workers
Assemblers
Blasters
Bottling and canning operatives
Surveyor helpers
Checkers, examiners, and inspectors; manufacturing
Clothing ironers and pressers
Cutting operatives, n.e.c.
Dressmakers, except factory
Drillers, earth
Dry wall installers and lathers
Dyers
Filers, polishers, sanders, and buffers
Furnace tenders, smelters, and pourers metal
Garage workers and gas station attendants
Graders and sorters, manufacturing
Produce graders and packers, except factory and fari
Heaters, metal
Laundry and dry cleaning operatives, n.e.c.
Meatcutters and butchers, except manufacturing
Meatcutters and butchers, manufacturing
Meatwrappers, retail trade
Metal platers



Transport equipment operatives

Boat operators
Bus drivers
Conductors and operators, urban rail transit
Delivery and route workers
Forklift and tow motor operatives
Rail vehicle operators, n.e.c.
Parking attendants
Railroad brake operators and couplers
Railroad switch operators
Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs
Truck drivers
Laborers, except farm

Animal caretakers, except farm
Carpenters’ helpers
Construction laborers, except carpenters’ helpers
Fishers, hunters, and trappers
Freight and material handlers
28

Table C-1. Detailed occupational categories contained within the broad occupational
categories—Continued
Service workers—Continued

Laborers, except farm—Continued

Garbage collectors
Gardeners and groundskeepers, except farm
Longshore workers and stevedores
Timber cutting and logging workers
Stock handlers
Teamsters
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners
Warehouse laborers, n.e.c.
Miscellaneous laborers
Not specified laborers
Farm workers

Farmers (owners and tenants)
Farm managers
Farm labor supervisors
Farm laborers, wage workers
Farm laborers, unpaid family workers
Farm service laborers, self-employed
Service workers

Cleaning service workers
Lodging quarters cleaners, except private household
Building interior cleaners, n.e.c.
Janitors and sextons
Food service workers
Bartenders
Waiters’ attendants
Cooks, except private household
Dishwashers
Food counter and fountain workers
Waiters and waitresses
Food service workers, n.e.c., except private
household
i

Health service workers
Dental assistants
Health aides, except nursing
Health trainees
Lay midwives
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants
Practical nurses
Personal service workers
Flight attendants
Attendants, recreation and amusement
Attendants, personal service, n.e.c.
Baggage porters and bellhops
Barbers
Boarding and lodging housekeepers
Bootblacks
Child care workers, except private household
Elevator operators
Hairdressers and cosmetologists
Personal service apprentices
Housekeepers, except private household
School monitors
Ushers, recreation and amusement
Welfare service aides
Protective service workers
Crossing guards and bridge tenders
Firefighters
Guards
Marshals and constables
Police and detectives
Sheriffs and bailiffs
Private household workers
Child care workers, private household
Cooks, private household
Housekeepers, private household
Launderers, private household
Private household cleaners and servants

NOTE: n.e.c. is an abbreviation for “ not elsewhere classified” and designates broad categories of occupations
which cannot be more specifically identified.




29

Appendix D. Composition of
“Black and Other” Population

T ab le D -1.

Com position of th e “ b lack and o th e r” population in 1 9 7 0 by S tate

(Percent)

S ta te

B la c k
and
o th e r

B la c k

Alabama.........................................
Alaska.............................................
Arizona...........................................
Arkansas.........................................
California.......................................
Colorado.................. ......................
Connecticut...................................
Delaware.........................................
District of Columbia......................
Florida.............................................

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

* 99.2
14.0
32.1
98.6
63.9
70.0
92.3
95.9
98.3
97.3

Georgia...........................................
Hawaii.............................................
Idaho...............................................
Illinois.............................................
Indiana...........................................
Iowa.................................................
Kansas ...........................................
Kentucky.........................................
Louisiana.......................................
Maine...............................................

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

99.1
1.6
15.5
94.2
95.7
78.3
85.9
97.4
98.8
41.3

Maryland.........................................
Massachusetts...............................
Michigan.........................................
Minnesota.......................................
Mississippi.....................................
Missouri.........................................
Montana.........................................
Nebaska .........................................
Nevada...........................................
New Hampshire............................

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

96.1
83.1
95.1
50.6
99.0
96.2
6.4
78.8
68.4
54.8

New Jersey.....................................
New Mexico...................................
New York.........................................
North Carolina..............................
North Dakota................................
Ohio.................................................
Oklahoma.......................................
Oregon...........................................
Pennsylvania................................
Rhode Island..................................

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

94.1
19.5
90.3
95.4
13.6
96.6
61.6
44.4
96.2
79.3

South Carolina..............................
South Dakota................................
Tennessee .....................................
Texas...............................................
Utah.................................................
Verm ont.........................................
Virginia ...........................................
Washington..................................
West Virginia................................
Wisconsin.......................................

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

99.1
4.6
98.7
94.6
24.2
42.6
97.1
45.1
95.2
80.8

Wyoming.........................................

100.0

27.3

A m e r ic a n
In d ia n

Japanese

C h in e s e

F ilip in o

(D

(D

(D

(D

1.4
1.4

(D

2.4

2.3

(D

56.3
5.6

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

4.2
9.3
1.2

9.7
8.3
(D

7.8
1.6
1.2

6.3
1.1
1.2

(D

(D

(D

(D

8.2
9.8
3.8
1.7

(D

(1)

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(1)
20.0
1.5

25.6
57.7

(D
(D

48.6
(D

1.0
7.2
7.0

11.1
3.6
1.0

(D

(D

(D

(D

2.4
1.3

(D

(D

(D

2.4
1.0
0)

(D

(D

(D

(D

5.1

3.0

6.7

(D

(1)
6.6

(D

2.1
(D

(D

(D

3.8

3.5

(D

(D

2.1
(1)

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

1.1
2.4
9.2

(1)
2.0
3.4

32.4
(D

2.1
1.6
33.6
d)
1.1
86.5
13.1
19.6
7.9
(D

72.7
1.2
3.8
78.6
(D

1.8
2.6
2.7
7.9

1.1

1.5
(D

1.1

(D

(D

20.9
14.4
2.1
1.7
8.2
4.2
1.0
(D

11.4
1.2
5.0
1.8
6.5
(D

1.2
3.6
3.8
4.9
16.9

(D

3.4

(D

2.8
5.9
3.7

(D

(D

(D

(D

1.3

(D

1.1

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D
(D

35.3
22.8

11.5

(D

(D

(D
(D

8.1

2.8

(D

(D

(D

4.3

2.0

3.4

5.5

4.4
1.3
2.0
10.5
1.6
5.5

(D

(D

(D

(D

92.0

(D

(D

(D

2.0

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

(D

4.7
9.7

1.4
3.0

(D

(D

(D

5.8
(D

7.2
1.0
(D

7.9
1.7
3.2

1.2
41.2
12.9

17.2
7.5

(D

12.9
1.7

1.7

53.0

30

(D

21.1
1.1
11.9

(1) Less than 1.0 percent.




(D

46.2
16.4
1.1

A ll
o th e r

6.0

3.1

(D

1.2

(D

3.0
11.2
24.0

9.3

T ab le D -2.

Com position of the ‘black and o th e r’ population in 1 9 7 0 in 3 0 larg e S tan d ard M etro p o litan S ta tis tic a l A reas

(Percent)

SM SA

B la c k
an d
o th e r

B la c k

A m e r ic a n
In d ia n

Japanese

Anaheim—Santa Ana—Garden Grove..........
Atlanta...............................................................
Baltimore...........................................................
Boston...............................................................
Buffalo...............................................................
Chicago.............................................................
Cincinnati.........................................................
Cleveland...........................................................
Dallas.................................................................
Denver...............................................................

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

26.3
98.9
97.9
84.2
91.9
94.2
97.6
97.0
95.3
74.9

10.1
(1)
(D
1.4
4.9
(D
(D
(D
1.9
6.5

27.5
(D
(D
1.7
(D
1.2
(D
(D
(D
8.2

Detroit...............................................................
Fort Worth.........................................................
Houston.............................................................
Indianapolis.....................................................
Kansas City.......................................................
Los Angeles— Long Beach............................
Miami.................................................................
Milwaukee.........................................................
Minneapolis—St. Paul....................................
New York...........................................................

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

97.0
95.0
96.2
97.8
95.6
74.4
96.7
92.1
64.4
90.5

(D
1.9
(D
(D
1.5
2.4
(D
3.5
19.8
(D

Newark...............................................................
Philadelphia.....................................................
Pittsburgh.........................................................
Riverside—San Bernardino—Ontario..........
St. Louis.............................................................
San Diego.........................................................
San Francisco—O akland..............................
San Jose...........................................................
Seattle— Everett...............................................
Washington, D.C..............................................

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

96.0
96.7
96.4
68.1
97.7
58.5
61.7
29.7
49.0
95.6

(D
(D
(D
8.6
(D
5.5
2.2
6.7
11.2
(D

(1) Less than 1.0 percent.


U-U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING O F FIC E :


31
1980.

311 - 416/3972

F ilip in o

A ll
o th e r

7.3
(D
(D
8.0
(D
1.0
(D
(D
(D
1.6

8.1
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
(D

20.5
(1)
(D
3.8
1.6
2.0
(D
1.0
2.0
7.9

(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
10.1
(D
(D
3.9
(D

(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
4.0
(D
1.0
3.9
3.7

(D
(D
(D
(D
(D
3.3
(D
(D
2.0
(D

1.0
2.2
1.6
0)
1.7
5.8
1.3
2.0
6.0
3.8

(D
(D
(D
4.2
(D
7.1
6.1
27.4
16.3
(D

(D
(D
(D
1.8
(D
3.1
16.5
12.9
8.8
1.1

(D
(D
(D
3.3
(D
13.9
8.2
11.1
8.7
(D

2.0
1.5
1.3
14.1
(D
11.9
5.2
12.3
6.0
1.5

C h in e s e

Employment Projections for the

Subjects include:
The labor force—expected changes in size and composition as a result
of the continuing impact of the post-World War II baby boom, the increased
participation of women, and the drop in the birth rate during the 1960's.
Gross national product and income—projected trends and
major underlying assumptions on fiscal policy, productivity, |
and other factors affecting aggregate demand.1
Industry output and employment—gross product originating^
in major sectors; employment in 149 industries.
Distribution of demand —changing patterns in the [
major sectors of consumption, business investment,
government expenditures, and foreign I

Four articles from the

Monthly Labor Review
and additional
tables project
the United States
economy to 19 9 0 growth, employment,
output, income,
and demand over
the next decade.
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics

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