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TH E DIMENSIONS O F M AJOR
WORK S TO P P A G E S
1 9 4 7 -5 9




Bulletin No. 1298
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F LABOR
Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary
BUREAU
Ew an

OF

LABOR

C la g u e ,

S T A T IS T IC S

C o m m is s io n e r




T h e
W

D

o r k

i m

e n s i o n s

o f

M

a j o r

S t o p p a g e s

1 9 4 7 -5 9

Bulletin No. 1298
June 1961

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary
BUREAU
Ew an

O F

LABOR

C la g u e ,

S T A T IS T IC S

C o m m is s io n e r

F or s a l e b y t h e S u p e r in t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U . S . G o v e r n m e n t P r in tin g O f f i c e , W a s h i n g t o n 2 5 , D . C .




P r ic e 3 0 c e n ts







Preface

This study of work stoppages involving 10,000 or
more workers during the period 1947-59 was prepared in the
Bureau*s Division of Wages and Industrial Relations by
Joseph W. Bloch and Julian Malnak.
The text appeared in the April 1961 issue of the
Monthly Labor Review and is reproduced in this report without
changes. An appendix presents the record of major work stop­
pages in selected companies and associations. Bureau publi­
cations dealing with work stoppages are listed on the inside
back cover.

iii




Contents

Page
P r e v a l e n c e -------------------------------------Types of disputes -------------------------------------------------------------Industries involved -----------------------------------------------------------States involved ---------------------------------------------------------------Duration -----------------------------------------------------------------------Issues --------------------------------------------------------------------------Disposition of issues ---------------------------------------------------------

2
3
4
5
6
8
9

Tables:
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6

.

7.

Work stoppages, involving 10,000 or more workers ----------------Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, by type of
dispute and number of workers involved ---------------------------Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, by number
of establishments involved
-------------------------------------Workers involved and man-days of idleness resulting from
wor k stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers,
by industry group and type
of d i s p u t e ---------------------------Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, by region
and State -----------------------------------------------------------Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, by type of
dispute and duration ----------------------------------------------Major issues involved in wo r k stoppages involving 10,000 or
more workers --------------------------------------------------------

3
4
5

6
7
8
8

Chart:
Number of workers involved and man-days idle in wor k stoppages ________

A p p e n d i x ------------------------------------------------------------------------

2

11

Listing:
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected
companies and associations -----------------------------------------




v

13




The Dimensions of Major Work Stoppages, 1947-59

D u r in g

the

13-year

period

1947-59,

268

work

The

act w a s

invoked

by

the

President

17

times

s t o p p a g e s o c c u r r e d w h i c h directly i n v o l v e d 1 0 , 0 0 0

in t h e p e r i o d 1 9 4 7 - 5 9 ; in several instances, f e w e r

or

t h a n 1 0 , 0 0 0 w o r k e r s w e r e directly i n v o l v e d . 2

more

workers

each.

This

is a

study

of

the

T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r Statistics h a s t r a d i t i o n a l l y

d i m e n s i o n s of the s e s t o p p a g e s . 1
M u c h
years

has

on

been

the

emergency

written

impact

disputes

and

of

spoken

large

and

the

in r e c e n t

strikes,

national

Taft-Hartley

Act,

used
the

the n u m b e r
yardstick

pages.

of w o r k e r s

by

Data

which

on

to

directly i n v o l v e d
identify

secondary

major

as

stop­

involvements,

i.e.,

a n d t h e ro l e o f G o v e r n m e n t i n l a b o r d i s p u t e s , a n d

w o r k e r s m a d e idle i n o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b e c a u s e

t h e s u b j e c t is v e r y m u c h

This study

o f l a c k o f s e r v i c e s o r s u p p l i e s , a n d o n o t h e r effects,

w a s u n d e r t a k e n b e c a u s e o f this w i d e s p r e a d i n t e r e s t

a r e n o t c o l l e c t e d ( t h e difficulties i n o b t a i n i n g s u c h

in

d a t a for a n y s u b stantial n u m b e r of situations d e f y

large

stoppages.

strikes— limited

in

ali v e t o d a y .

Although
scope,

data

arbitrary

on

in

major

some

re­

provide
do

no

answers

describe

stoppages,

some

and

to
of

t h e p r o b l e m s raised, t h e y
the

provide

ramifications

a

sort of

of

statistical
major

spe c t s , a n d r e l a t i n g t o a p e r i o d t h a t h a s p a s s e d —

large

testing g r o u n d

resources).

work

volved

For

stoppage

is

10,000 or m o r e

this

one

study,

which

workers

and

then,

directly

a
in­

l a s t e d for a t

least 1 full d a y o r shift.

T h e s t u d y presents d a t a

on

the long stoppages,

t h e larger st o p p a g e s ,

and

for s u c h e v a l u a t i o n s o r p r o p o s a l s a s m a y

b e forth­

the multiestablishment a n d multi-State stoppages,

coming.

data

with

In

an

area

where

statistical

m e a g e r , a n y r e a s o n a b l e bit m a y
W h a t

constitutes a

“major”

often a m a t t e r of opinion.
10,000

are

work

A n y

stoppage

is

st r i k e i n v o l v i n g

or m o r e w o r k e r s m a y b e considered a m a j o r

over

N e w

York

far f e w e r

tugboat

workers

strike, f o r

A

strike

(the

recent

example)

m a y

be

being

stoppages

ne w

other

contract

types

of

The

on

other

businesses,

or

on

D i f f e r e n t e v a l u a t i o n s o f strikes

will b e f o r m e d b y t h o s e w h o a r e h u r t a n d t h o s e w h o
a r e not.

A

s t rike t h a t ties u p

tion in P h i l a d e l p h i a m a y

public transporta­

b e of n o

Pittsburgh; a

strike t h a t s h a k e s

Pennsylvania

m a y

Nebraska.
m u c h

The

have

no

railroads

disturbed b y

c o n s e q u e n c e in
the

economy

noticeable

are

effect

probably

airline strikes, a n d

not

“ national

emergency”

differences

disagreement

those

arising f r o m

as

grievances

and

Duri n g 1945 a n d

1946,

or

more

workers.

involved

that

was

an

enactment

in

A

t o tal o f 4 , 2 7 0 , 0 0 0

these

stoppages,

85,000,000 m a n - d a y s —

important

of t h e

1947

factor

act.

t h a t g e n e r a l i n t e r e s t rests o n

O n

leading
the

what

s i n c e 1 9 4 6 , this s t u d y e x c l u d e s t h e

to

the

assumption

has happened
1945-46

of m a j o r

involved,

and

the s t u d y

stop­

a c c o u n t of m a j o r s t o p p a g e s in t h a t year, b u t
number

1960,

a record

in
too

during

workers
resulting

pages.

vice versa.

Started

and

of

stoppages during

man-days

of

takes

no
the

1960, w o r k e r s

idleness,

were

rela­

tively l o w . 3

S u c h e x a m p l e s c a n b e multiplied.
T h e

the

by

there h a d b e e n 7 3 st o p p a g e s e a c h involving 10,000

idleness e x c e e d e d

public,

to

s t u d y b egins w i t h 1947, t he y e a r t h e Taft-

pact

the

and
such

H a r t l e y A c t b e c a m e law.

were

on

terms

disputes

c o n s i d e r e d a m a j o r s t o p p a g e b y r e a s o n o f its i m ­

n a t i o n a l sec u r i t y .

directed

precipitated

j u r i s d i c t i o n a l issues.

s t o p p a g e s i m p l y b y r e a s o n o f its m a g n i t u d e , e v e n
if its e c o n o m i c c o n s e q u e n c e s a r e slight.
directly i n v o l v i n g

attention

between

help.

provisions

(section

2 0 6 ) of t h e T a f t - H a r t l e y A c t (1947) r e c o g n i z e d t h e
i m p o r t a n c e of j u d g m e n t
icance

of

a

strike.

i n e v a l u a t i n g t h e signif­

“ W h e n e v e r in t h e o p i n i o n of

t h e P r e s i d e n t of t h e U n i t e d
or

actual

industry

st r i k e
or

if p e r m i t t e d
national

a

or

States, a

lockout

substantial

affecting

part

thereof

threatened
an

entire

. . . will,

to o c c u r o r to c o n t i n u e , im p e r i l t h e

health




or

safety,

he

m a y

. . . ,”

etc.

1 The terms “ work stoppage "and “ strike" are used interchange­
ably in this article, and both terms are defined to include lockouts.
^See “ National Emergency" Disputes Under the Labor-Manage­
ment Relations (Taft-Hartley) Act, BLS Report 169 (i960).
forthcoming article in the Monthly Labor Review will present
data on I960 stoppages.

2

Prevalence

man-days

o f s t r i k e idleness, a s t h e a c c o m p a n y i n g

c h a r t d e m o n s t r a t e s , is a l m o s t e n t i r e l y a t t r i b u t a b l e
During
more

the

than

involved

13-year period
53,000

10,000

or

1947-59,

recorded
more

work

workers

268

of the

stoppages4
each.

These

m a j o r strikes a c c o u n t e d f o r 2 4 7 m i l l i o n m a n - d a y s
of

idleness,

or

slightly

more

than

half

(53.5

p e r c e n t ) o f t h e total d i r e c t s t r i k e - r e l a t e d i d l e n e s s
r e g i s t e r e d o v e r this p e r i o d .
involved,

including

i n v o l v e d in m o r e

T h e c o u n t of w o r k e r s

duplication

than

one

(i.e.,

000

workers,

or 2

w o r k stoppages.
The

out

of e v e r y

changes

in

the

of m a j o r s t o p p a g e s .
(Korea

and

incidence,

size; a n d

duration

E x c e p t for t h e y e a r s 1 9 5 0 - 5 3

its a f t e r m a t h ) ,

the

total n u m b e r

of

w o r k e r s i n v o l v e d in s t o p p a g e s of f e w e r t h a n 1 0 , 0 0 0
workers ranged between
and

1,000,000 a n d

resulting idleness b e t w e e p

million

man-days.

A n

1,440,000,

13 million a n d

increase

in

the

18

duration

workers

s t o p p a g e in a n y

o r o v e r t h e 1 3 - y e a r period), a m o u n t e d

to

year

to 11,700,-

5 i n v o l v e d i n all

( S e e t a b l e 1.)

w i d e y e a r - t o - y e a r fluctuations in t h e n u m ­
* S t o p p a g e s i n v o l v in g fe w e r t h a n six w o r k e is o r la s t in g fo r less t h a n a

b e r o f w o r k e r s i n v o l v e d i n all s t o p p a g e s a n d t o t a l

fu ll d a y o r s h ift a re n o t a c c o u n t e d fo r.

Number of Workers Involved and Man-Days Idle in Work Stoppages,1 1947-59
Millions
7

Millions

W o rk e rs Involved
6

-

4

“

M a n - D a y s Idle

2

1947

1950

1955

19591947

Major work stoppages defined as stoppages involving 10,000workers or more.




1950

1955

1959

3

of smaller s t o p p a g e s

during

1959 5 accounted

for

T

1.

a b l e

W

S

o r k

, I

t o p p a g e s

W

o r k e r s

n v o l v in g

1 0 ,0 0 0

o r

M

o r e

, 1 9 4 7 -5 9

t h e largest y e a r l y i n c r e a s e in idleness d u e to t h e s e
s t o p p a g e s d u r i n g t h e 1 3 y e a r s e x c e p t t h a t for 1 9 5 2 .
Although

the 24 7

million m a n - d a y s

of idleness

a t t r i b u t e d t o m a j o r strikes a m o u n t e d

to a year's

employment

fo r

almost

a

million

workers,

W ork ers in v o lv e d 1
M a n - d a y s id le
N um ber
o f stop ­
Per
N u m b e r P ercen t N u m b e r P ercen t
pages
(th o u ­
o f tota l
(th o u ­
o f total
w ork er
fo r y e a r i n v o l v e d
fo r y e a r
san ds)
sands)

Y ear

they

c o n s t i t u t e d o n l y a m i n u t e f r a c t i o n o f all w o r k i n g

T o t a l , 1 9 4 7 -5 9 ....

268

11,700

time.

1947............................
1948............................
1949............................
1950............................
1951............................
1952............................
1953............................
1954............................
1955............................
1956............................
1957............................
1958............................
1959............................

15
20
18
22
19
35
28
18
26
12
13
21
*2 1

1,030
870
* 1,920
738
457
1,690
650
437
1,210
758
283
823
866

4 7 .5
4 4 .5
6 3 .2
3 0 .7
2 0 .6
4 7 .8
2 7 .1
2 8 .5
4 5 .6
3 9 .9
2 0 .4
4 0 .0
4 6 .2

17,700
18,900
34,900
2 1 ,700
5 ,680
3 6 ,9 0 0
7 ,2 7 0
7 ,5 2 0
12,300
19,600
3 ,0 5 0
10,600
50,800

5 1 .2
5 5 .3
6 9 .0
5 6 .0
2 4 .8
6 2 .6
2 5 .7
3 3 .3
4 3 .4
59 .1
1 8 .5
4 4 .2
7 3 .7

1 7 .2
2 1 .7
1 8 .2
2 9 .4
1 2 .4
2 1 .8
1 1 .2
1 7 .2
1 0 .2
2 5 .9
1 0 .8
1 2 .9
5 8 .8

A v era g e per y e a r.

2 0 .6

902

4 0 .2

19,000

5 3 .5

2 1 .1

A l l strike i d l e n e s s o v e r t h e

13-year period

t o o k a b o u t o n e - t h i r d of 1 p e r c e n t of t h e available
working

time

of

establishments

all

workers

(exclusive

in

of

nonagricultural

government),

r o u g h l y 1 d a y a y e a r fo r e a c h w o r k e r .
a year w o u l d
pages.

A

or

half d a y

t h u s b e attributable to m a j o r s t o p ­

H o w e v e r , a s will b e s h o w n later, t h e effects

of m a j o r

stoppages,

as m e a s u r e d

in m a n - d a y s

of

247,000

idleness, w e r e c o n c e n t r a t e d i n a f e w i n d u s t r i e s a n d ,
t h u s , i n a f e w Stat e s .
Twenty-five

stoppages,

w o r k e r s or m o r e ,

each

involving

75,000

a c c o u n t e d for t w o - t h i r d s o f t h e

idleness resulting f r o m

major

disputes

(table 2).

» W o r k e r s w e re c o u n t e d fo r e a c h s t o p p a g e in w h ic h t h e y w e r e i n v o l v e d
in e a c h y e a r a n d fo r t h e e n t ir e p e r io d c o v e r e d .
* A n t h r a c i t e a n d b i t u m in o u s c o a l m in e r s w e re i n v o l v e d in 3 se p a r a te s t o p ­
p a g e s d u r in g t h e y e a r , a c c o u n t in g in t h is m a n n e r fo r 1,150,000 o f t h e 1,920,000
w o r k e r s i n v o l v e d in a ll m a jo r s t o p p a g e s .
* I n c lu d e s o n e 1959 d is p u t e n o t lis t e d in B L S B u ll . 1278 b e c a u s e t h e n u m b e r
o f w o r k e r s i n v o l v e d d i d n o t r e a c h 10,000 u n t i l a ft e r J a n u a r y 1, 1960.
N

Of

this g r o u p ,

the

10

ote:

B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f i n d i v id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a ls ;

leading idleness-producing

d i s p u t e s , i n o r d e r o f t h eir r e l a t i v e m a g n i t u d e , w e r e :
1 9 5 9 s te e l s t r ik e

(4 1 ,9 0 0 ,0 0 0 m a n -d a y s )

1 9 5 2 s t e e l s t r ik e

(2 3 ,8 0 0 ,0 0 0 m a n -d a y s )

(1) failure o f u n i o n a n d m a n a g e m e n t
the t e r m s of a n e w

F a ll 1 9 4 9 a n t h r a c it e a n d b it u m in o u s c o a l s t r ik e (2 1 ,6 0 0 ,0 0 0
m a n -d a y s )
1 9 4 9 s te e l s t r ik e
1 9 5 6 s te e l s t r ik e

(2)

resolve

a

cases, o n t h e t e r m s o f a n initial c o n ­
failure

of

union

and

management

to

(1 3 ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0 m a n -d a y s )

dispute

arising d u r i n g

the

term

of

an

(1 1 ,9 0 0 ,0 0 0 m a n -d a y s )

agreement,

1 9 4 7 t e le p h o n e s t r ik e 1 (1 0 ,1 0 0 ,0 0 0 m a n -d a y s )
1 9 4 8 b it u m in o u s c o a l s t r ik e
1 9 5 0 C h r y s le r C o r p . s t r ik e
1954

(or, i n s o m e
tract),

to a g r e e o n

contract or a w a g e r e o p e n ing

N orth w est

contract

( 8 ,0 8 0 ,0 0 0 m a n - d a y s )
( 6 ,7 0 0 ,0 0 0 m a n - d a y s )

lu m b e r

in d u s tr y

s t r ik e

(5

that

terms

is, a

present purposes),
S ta tes)

dispute n o t

(called
and

a

involving n e w

grievance

dispute

for

(3) jur i s d i c t i o n a l d i s p u t e s

b e t w e e n r i val u n i o n s , p r o t e s t s t o p p a g e s ,

“m e m o ­

( 3 ,9 0 0 ,0 0 0 m a n - d a y s )

rial” s t o p p a g e s , a n d t h e like, i n w h i c h m a n a g e m e n t
1 9 4 8 m e a t p a c k in g s t r ik e

( 3 ,7 3 0 ,0 0 0 m a n - d a y s )

m a y

n o t h a v e b e e n a direct p a r t y o r w h i c h o t h e r ­

* B e fo r e T a ft - H a r t le y .

w i s e l a y outside t h e u s u a l c o u r s e of l a b o r - m a n a g e ­
Of
or

the 26 8

more

percent

stoppages,

establishments
of

the

idleness

all b u t
and
(t a b l e

35

involved t w o

accounted
3).

Of

fo r
the

m e n t disputes.

99
233

disputes

accounted

three-fourths of t h e m a j o r

N e w

contract

stoppages,

fo r
more

about
than

multiestablishment stoppages, w h i c h include b o t h

four-fifths o f t h e w o r k e r s i n v o l v e d , a n d 9 6 p e r c e n t

multiplant

o f t h e idleness.

stoppages

multiemployer
involved

of

a

stoppages,

11 or m o r e

single

company

about

and

three-fourths

establishments.

N o t only were they m o r e n u m e r ­

o u s t h a n t h e o t h e r c a t e g o r i e s c o m b i n e d , b u t also,
on

the

average,

larger

and

longer

lasting,

as

d i s c u s s e d later.
T y p e s of Disputes

A

v e r y r o u g h m e a s u r e of t h e relative i n c i d e n c e

o f m a j o r c o n t r a c t strikes c a n b e f o r m u l a t e d o n t h e
F o r p u r p o s e s o f this s t u d y , t h e 2 6 8 m a j o r strikes
were

classified a s f o l l o w s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e n a t u r e

of t he

d i s p u t e g i v i n g rise t o t h e w o r k

stoppage:

basis of m a j o r a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e .
1956,

according

to

a

Bureau

A s of J a n u a r y

of L a b o r

Statistics

count,6

approximately

5,098,000

workers

covered

by

applicable

to

agreements

were

bargaining

• S ee A n a ly s is o f W o r k S t o p p a g e s , 1959, B L S B u ll. 1278, p . 3, a n d A R e v i e w
o f W o r k S t o p p a g e s d u r in g 1959 (in M o n t h l y

L a b o r R e v ie w , J u n e 1960,

p . 6 1 0 ).

units of 1 0 , 0 0 0 o r m o r e w o r k e r s .
the J a n u a r y

1956

A s s u m i n g that

c o v e r a g e r e a s o n a b l y represents

• S ee C h a r a c te r is t ic s o f M a j o r U n io n C o n t r a c t s ( in M o n t h l y L a b o r R e v ie w ,
J u l y 1956, p . 805 ).




the

entire period,

and

discounting the stoppages

4

that
the

involved

10*000

agreements

appear

or

covered

that, o n

the

more

workers

although

arbitration.

fewer

workers,

it w o u l d

due

average,

these w o r k e r s

i n v o l v e d i n less t h a n t w o n e w

were

as

contract stoppages

e a c h d u r i n g t h e 1 3 - y e a r period.

Relating the 2 3 7

mately

5

have

been

worked

million w o r k e r s

by

under

the

the

grievance
fraction

of

disputes
the

must

st r i k e

be

taken

idleness

that

of

grievance

and

arbitration

procedures

t h a t prevails in A m e r i c a n i n d u s t r y .
O f the 16 m a j o r s t o p p a g e s that w e r e neither n e w

approxi­

large

minute

system

c o n t r a c t di s p u t e s to t h e e s t i m a t e d a m o u n t of t i m e
would

a

I n t h e a g g r e g a t e , h o w e v e r , lost t i m e

major

m i g h t h a v e o c c u r r e d in t h e a b s e n c e of t h e e x t e n s i v e

million m a n - d a y s of idleness-resulting f r o m m a j o r

that

to

contract

agree­

nor

grievance

construed, m o s t

ordinarily

flicts

less t h a n )

b u l k of t he w o r k e r s i n v o l v e d a n d t h e m a n - d a y s of

3%

of w o r k i n g

time

or

about

d a y s a year, o n t h e average.
F o r t y-seven stoppages, m o s t

10,000
fied

idleness
of w h i c h i n v o l v e d

as

grievance

disputes.

About

fo r t h e s e

attributable

t o 2 0 , 0 0 0 w o r k e r s , w e r e o f t h e t y p e classi­

broadly

sympathy

as

jurisdictional c o n ­

m e n t s , i n d i c a t e s a loss o f n o m o r e t h a n ( a n d likely
1.4 p e r c e n t

and

disputes,

resulted f r o m

1949—

1

to

16

stoppages.

stoppages

two

coal

However,

as

mining

a

group

the

were

stoppages

in

o n e a 2 - w e e k “ m e m o r i a l period,” t he other

a 1 - w e e k “ s t abilizing p e r i o d o f i n a c t i o n . ”

million w o r k e r s w e r e i n v o l v e d in t h e s e s t o p p a g e s
l a s t i n g m o r e t h a n 1 d a y o r full shift, a n d t h e y lost

Industries I n v o l v e d 8

a b o u t 5 million m a n - d a y s o v e r t h e 1 3 - y e a r period,
or

3

hours

grievance
machinery
major
47

a

year,

disputes
almost

on

average.

universally

agreements,7 a n d

stoppages

the

are subject to

signified

a

very

the

Not

provided

for

by

likely s o m e

of

the

breakdown

The

all

of

the

frequency

stoppages a m o n g

arbitration

by

four

and

magnitude

of m a j o r

variables:

(1)

the

size o f

the

units,

T

able

2.

W

ork

7 T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is tic s h a s i n p r e p a r a t io n a s t u d y o f d i s p u t e

a b s e n c e o f p r o v i s i o n s for

Sto p p a g e s I n v o l v in g 1 0 ,0 0 0

(2)

issu e s e x e m p t e d b y a g r e e m e n t s f r o m a r b it r a tio n .

arbi­

8 F o r s y s t e m o f in d u s t r ia l c la s s ific a t io n o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s

tration p r o c e d u r e or a n

work

i n d u s t r i e s a r e i n f l u e n c e d c h iefly

in v o lv e d

in

s tr ik e s , see f o o t n o t e 1, t a b le 4.

M ore W orkers,
I nvolved, 1 9 4 7 -5 9

or

by

T

ype

of

D

is p u t e

and

W ork ers in v o lv e d 1

S top p a ges

N

umber

of

W

orkers

M a n - d a y s id le

T y p e o f d is p u t e a n d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s
N um ber

N um ber
(th o u s a n d s )

P ercen t

N um ber
(th o u s a n d s )

P ercen t

P e r w ork er
in v o lv e d

P ercen t

A l l t y p e s o f d i s p u t e s ............................................................................

268

100

11,700

100

247,000

100

2 1 .1

10,000 a n d u n d e r 20,000 w o r k e r s ............................................
20,000 a n d u n d e r 40,000 w o r k e r s ................................... ........
40,000 a n d u n d e r 75,000 w o r k e r s ................................... ........
75,000 a n d u n d e r 125,000 w o r k e r s ..................................... ..
125,000 a n d u n d e r 250,000 w o r k e r s .......................................
250,000 a n d o v e r ..............................................................................

147
68
28
9
3
13

55
25
10
3
1
5

2 ,000
1,810
1,450
813
480
5,190

17
15
12
7
4
44

29,000
29,900
27,400
16,500
2 ,0 0 0
142,000

12
12
11
7
1
58

1 4 .5
1 6 .5
1 8 .9
2 0 .3
4 .2
2 7 .4

N e w c o n t r a c t t e r m s ..................................- ........................— ..........
10,000 a n d u n d e r 20,000 w o r k e r s ............. ..................... ........
20,000 a n d u n d e r 40,000 w o r k e r s --------------------------------40,000 a n d u n d e r 75,000 w o r k e r s ....................
75,000 a n d u n d e r 125,000 w o r k e r s ______________________
125,000 a n d u n d e r 250,000 w o r k e r s ........................................
250,000 a n d o v e r ..............................................................................

205
102
58
24
8
2
11

100
50
28
12
4
1
5

9 ,610
1,370
1,540
1,250
713
306
4 ,4 3 0

100
14
16
13
7
3
46

237,000
27,300
27,700
25,800
16,400
1,230
138,000

100
12
12
11
7
1
58

2 4 .7
1 9 .9
1 8 .0
2 0 .6
2 3 .0
4 .0
3 1 .2

G r ie v a n c e s ..................................................................................................
10,000 a n d u n d e r 20,000 w o r k e r s ............................................
20,000 a n d u n d e r 40,000 w o r k e r s ............................................
40.000 a n d u n d e r 75,000 w o r k e r s ....................................
75.000 a n d u n d e r 125,000 workers
___________
_
125.000 a n d u n d e r 250,000 w o r k e r s ..................
250.000 a n d over
_
______________

47
37
6
3

100
79
13
6

1 ,0 0 0
516
157
153

100
52
16
15

5 ,0 2 0
1 ,390
1 ,310
1,540

100
28
26
31

5 .0
2 .7
8 .3
1 0 .1

I

2

175

18

770

15

4 .4

O t h e r ........... .....................................
10,000 a n d u n d e r 20,000 w o r k e r s ................. —
20,000 a n d u n d e r 40,000 w o r k e r s ............................................
40,000 a n d u n d e r 75,000 w o r k e r s ............. ....................
75.000 a n d u n d e r 125,000 w o r k e r s ........................
125.000 a n d under 250,000 workers
250,000 a n d o v e r ............... ..........................................

16
8
4
1
1

100
50
25
6
6

1 ,120
113
110
49
100

100
10
10

100
6
9
1
2

4 .7
2 .8

9

5 ,310
320
480
66
100

2

13

753

67

4 ,3 4 0

82

5 .8

1 S ee f o o t n o t e 1, t a b le 1.




N

o t e

4

4.4
1 .3
1.0

: B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f i n d i v id u a l it e m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a ls .

5

T

3.

a b l e

W

W

o r k e r s

,

S

o r k

N

b y

I

t o p p a g e s

u m b e r

E

o p

1 0 ,0 0 0

n v o l v in g

M

o r

I

s t a b l is h m e n t s

o r e

n v o l v e d

,

1 9 4 7 -5 9

W ork ers
in v o lv e d *

S top p a g es

M a n -d a y s
i d le

E s t a b lis h m e n t s i
N um ­
ber
(th o u ­
sands)

N u m ­ P er­
ber
cent

N um ­
ber
(th o u ­
sands)

P er­
cent

P er­
cent

reopenings) the fewer the opportunities for strikes
Long-term agreements now prevail in all major
industries. Of the four industries, construction
tends to have agreements with the shortest
duration.
The

primary

metals

industry,

which

includes

b a s i c steel, a c c o u n t e d fo r f ully a t h i r d o f t h e m a n d a y s o f i d l e n e s s fo r all m a j o r s t o p p a g e s (as a g a i n s t

A l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s ....... .....................

268

100

11,700

100 247,000

100

1 e s t a b lis h m e n t ....................................
2 t o 6 e s t a b lis h m e n t s _____________
6 t o 10 e s t a b lis h m e n t s ......................
11 e s t a b lis h m e n t s o r m o r e .............
11 t o 49 e s t a b lis h m e n t s ...........
50 t o 99 e s t a b lis h m e n t s ...........
100 e s t a b lis h m e n t s o r m o r e —
E x a ct n u m b e r n o t k n o w n ...
N o t r e p o r t e d .........................................

35
24
29
179
35
13
28
103
1

13
9
11
67
13
5
10
38
(3)

535
402
574
10,200
1 ,070
488
844
7,810
11

5
3 ,1 3 0
3
6 ,170
5
9 ,9 9 0
87 227,000
9
26,800
4
3 ,9 1 0
7
14,300
67 182,000
1,050
( 3)

1
2
4
92
11
2
6
74
( 3)

1 A n e s t a b lis h m e n t is d e f in e d as a s in g le p h y s ic a l l o c a t io n w h e r e b u s in e s s
is c o n d u c t e d o r w h e r e s e r v ic e s o r i n d u s t r ia l o p e r a t io n s a re p e r fo r m e d ; fo r
e x a m p le , a f a c t o r y , m il l , s t o r e , m in e , o r fa r m . A s t o p p a g e m a y i n v o l v e 1 o r
m o r e e s t a b lis h m e n t s o f a s in g le e m p l o y e r o r it m a y i n v o l v e d iffe r e n t
e m p lo y e r s .
2 S ee f o o t n o t e 1, t a b le 1.
3 L e s s t h a n 0 .5 p e r c e n t .
N

ote:

B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f i n d i v id u a l it e m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a ls .

about

a

twelfth

with

more

Far

behind

the

structure

agreements,

B y

to

w a y

collective

and

bargaining
parties

of

or multiemployer),
(4)

the

relationships,
settle

o f illustration,

the

(single

duration

of

the

of

companies

of

the

basic

steel,

c o n s t r u c t i o n industries.

than

10,000

workers;

substantially
because
entire

will a u t o m a t i c a l l y

larger

the

former

industry

the

men's

percent

have

The

clothing

and

machinery

industry

of t h e

industry

stoppage
the

for a n y

period

large

and

employer

heavily

loca l i t y basis, a n d
10,000
few

national

The

There

were

period




major

disputes o v e r n o n c o n ­

group.

Three

portation

man-days

industry

equipment,
accounted

groups—
and

for

mining,

trans­

transportation

four-fifths

of

and

the

tot a l

o f i d l e n e s s a t t r i b u t e d t o all m a j o r

dis­

p u t e s w h i c h d id n o t involve contract renegotiation.

States Inv o l v e d

Half of the major disputes were confined to
establishments within a single State, as indicated
by the following tabulation:
Workers
involved
Number of
Man-days idle
stoppages (thousands)1 (thousands)
247, 000

2, 5 4 0

29, 500

2 S t a t e s ______________________

20

350

6, 670

been

3 to

5 S t a t e s _________________

29

675

14, 8 0 0

agreement

6 to

1 0 S t a t e s _______________

32

1, 4 0 0

28, 700

2 0 S t a t e s _____________

25

1, 2 8 0

19, 6 0 0

2 1 o r m o r e S t a t e s _________

27

5, 4 9 0

148, 000

have

over

the

90

industry,

negotiates

typically

on

a

multi­

craft
more

and
than

b e i n v o l v e d in a s t o p p a g e are
the

m a n y

contracts

influence of variable

between

more

11, 7 0 0

construction

d u r a t i o n o f t h e a g r e e m e n t , is o b v i o u s —
the

six

percent

135

and

w o r k e r s c o v e r e d in t h e i n d u s t r y a n d t h e i n d u s t r y ' s
str i k e r e c o r d .

These
84

268

covers

the occasions w h e n

with

electrical).
contributed

A l l s t o p p a g e s ________

i n this i n d u s t r y d u r i n g

organized,

workers m a y

compared

and

construction,

11 to

i S ee f o o t n o t e 1, t a b l e 1.
ote

: B e c a u s e o f r o u n d i n g , s u m s o f i n d i v id u a l it e m s m a y n o t e q u a l to t a ls .

c o n t r a c t s t rike (or a m a j o r

The

agreements

equipment,

together

t a b l e 4.)

transportation

1 S t a t e _________________________

( m a i n l y relatively s m a l l

reason)

studied.

agreements

(See

t r a c t u a l is s u e s i n m i n i n g t h a n i n a n y o t h e r i n d u s t r y

N

no n e w

mining,

(except

groups

been

e m p l o y e r s ) a n d a b o u t 1 2 5 , 0 0 0 to 1 5 0 , 0 0 0 w o r k e r s ,
b u t there w a s

of

o f all t i m e lost t h r o u g h m a j o r d i s p u t e s .

however,

virtually

strikes

industry

came

more

have

strikes,

involved
auto

affairs.

involve

strikes

auto

whereas

single-company
in

steel

than

coverage

peaceably.

c o n t r a c t strike a g a i n s t a n y o f t h e l a r g e steel a n d

auto

the

collective

ability

differences

consider

a u t o , m e n ' s clothing, a n d
A

nature
or

contract

bargaining
(3) t h e

of

10,000 workers).

utilities, t r a n s p o r t a t i o n

utilities—

employer

than

contract

(3), t h e

the longer

expirations

(or

However, these single-State stoppages involved
slightly more than a fifth of the workers in all
major disputes over the period studied and con­
tributed only about an eighth of the man-days of
idleness. Even assuming that two-State stop­
pages involved contiguous States, it is apparent
that the bulk of idleness resulting from major dis­
putes came from stoppages that were widespread
geographically. Stoppages involving six or more
States accounted for four-fifths of the total
idleness.

6

T a b l e 4.

W o r k e r s In v o l v e d a n d M a n -D a y s o f Id l e n e s s R e s u l t i n g F r o m W o r k St o p p a g e s In v o l v i n g 10,000 o r
M o r e W o r k e r s , b y In d u s t r y G r o u p 1 a n d T y p e o f D ispute , 1947-59
[In th ou sa n d s]

T y p e o f d is p u t e
A ll stop p a g es
In d u stry grou p *

N e w co n tr a c t term s

G r ie v a n c e s

W ork ers
in v o lv e d *

M and a y s id le

W ork ers
in v o lv e d *

M and a y s i d le

W orkers
in v o lv e d *

11,700

247,000

9 ,610

237,000

6 ,010

154,000

5 ,230

150,000

P r i m a r y m e t a l in d u s t r ie s _________________________________________ _____
F a b r ic a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s , e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h in e r y , a n d
t r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u i p m e n t ___________________________________________
O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r ie s _______________________ _______________ ________
E le c t r ic a l m a c h in e r y , e q u i p m e n t , a n d s u p p lie s _____________________
M a c h i n e r y , e x c e p t e le c t r ic a l_______ ___________________________________
T r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t
L u m b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c t s , e x c e p t f u r n it u r e
F u r n it u r e a n d fix t u r e s __________________________________________________
S t o n e , c la y , a n d g la ss p r o d u c t s ___ ____________________________________
T e x t i l e m il l p r o d u c t s ________________ ___________________________________
A p p a r e l a n d o t h e r fin is h e d p r o d u c t s m a d e f r o m fa b r ic s a n d s im i­
la r m a t e r ia ls __________________ ________ _________________________ _______
L e a t h e r a n d le a th e r p r o d u c t s .................................. ...........................................
F o o d a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s _____________ __________ __________ _________
T o b a c c o m a n u fa c t u r e s ........... - ........................................................... - .................
P a p e r a n d a llie d p r o d u c t s ......................................... — ................... - .................
P r in t in g , p u b lis h in g , a n d a llie d i n d u s t r ie s .................................................
C h e m ic a ls a n d a llie d p r o d u c t s __________________________ _____________
P e t r o le u m r e fin in g a n d r e la te d i n d u s t r ie s ....................... ................... ..
R u b b e r a n d m is c e lla n e o u s p la s t ic s p r o d u c t s ________________________
P r o fe s s io n a l, s c ie n t ific , a n d c o n t r o llin g in s t r u m e n t s ; p h o t o ­
g r a p h ic a n d o p t i c a l g o o d s ; w a t c h e s a n d c l o c k s ....................................
M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c t u r in g in d u s t r ie s _____________________________

2 ,4 8 0

82,500

2 ,3 3 0

82,000

230
4
267
420
1,370
144
5
108
142

5 ,6 2 0
48
5 ,980
12,300
21,900
5 ,2 8 0
252
2 ,1 7 0
3 ,8 4 0

230
4
176
376
919
144
5
108
142

5,6 2 0
48
5,4 9 0
12,100
20,100
5 ,2 8 0
252
2 ,170
3 ,8 4 0

171
23
200

1,010
427
5 ,080

171
23
200

1,010
427
5 ,0 8 0

2
30
12
73
289

59
279
100
1 ,610
4 ,630

2
30
12
72
249

59
279
100
1,600
4 ,350

35
5

329
236

35
5

329
236

N o n m a n u f a c t u r in g ______________________ _____ ________ _____ ____

5,620

93,300

4 ,3 7 0

A g r ic u lt u r e , fo r e s t r y , a n d fis h e r ie s _________________________ _________ _
M i n i n g ____________________________________________ _______________________
C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n ___________________________________________________
T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t i o n , e le c t r ic , g a s, a n d s a n it a r y s e r v ­
ic e s ______________________________________________________________________
W h o le s a le a n d r e ta il t r a d e _____________________________________________
F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ___________________________________
S e r v ic e s ___________________________________________________________________
G o v e r n m e n t ________________________________________ _____ _____ _________

13
2 ,5 0 0
1,100

53
46,300
17.100

13
1,640
963

1,840
158
12
(8)

27.100
2 ,7 7 0
36
6

1,580
157
12
(»)

25,300
2 ,7 6 0
36
6

110

120

10

20

A l l in d u s t r ie s .

r

______

M a n u f a c t u r in g

I n d u s t r y n o t a c c o u n t e d f o r ________________________ _____ ______________

1 W o r k e r s i n v o l v e d a n d m a n - d a y s o f id le n e s s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d in a c c o r d ­
a n c e w it h t h e in d u s t r ia l c la s s ific a t io n o f t h e i n d i v id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t i n ­
v o l v e d . T h e 1959 s t e e l s t r ik e , fo r e x a m p le , i n v o l v e d 519,000 w o r k e r s a n d 41.9
m illio n m a n -d a y s o f id le n e s s , o f w h ic h a b o u t 13 p e r c e n t w e r e o u t s id e t h e
p r i m a r y m e t a ls i n d u s t r y ( c h ie f l y in m in in g a n d m e t a l fa b r ic a t i o n ) . T h e

A ll 48 S tates a n d th e D is tr ic t o f C o lu m b ia w ere
in v o lv e d in m a jo r strikes (ta b le 5 ). P en n sy lv a n ia ,
w ith 90 su ch strikes, le d all oth ers in m a jo r strik e
idleness b y a su b sta n tia l m a rgin , a cc o u n tin g fo r
a lm o st a fifth o f th e to ta l. A fte r P e n n sy lv a n ia
ca m e O h io, M ich ig a n , Illin ois, N e w Y o r k , In d ia n a ,
a n d C a liforn ia — th e la tte r th ree S ta tes a t a b o u t
th e sam e le v e l— fo llo w e d b y W e s t V irg in ia . T h e se
eig h t S tates a cco u n te d fo r tw o -th ird s o f th e m a jo r
strik e idleness.
In a lm ost all S tates, th e g rea ter p a rt o f m a jo r
strik e idleness (in 25 S tates, all) w as a ttrib u ta b le
to stop p a g es in w h ich o th e r S ta tes w ere also in ­
v o lv e d . In th e case o f P e n n sy lv a n ia , a b o u t 95
p e rce n t o f to ta l idleness w as a c c o u n te d fo r b y
“ m u lti-S ta te ” sto p p a g e s.




O th e r

M and a y s id le

W ork ers
in v o lv e d *

1,000

5,020

1 ,120

5 ,3 1 0

723

3 ,160

48

66

146

509

92
44
399

489
185
1,700

48

66

M and a y s i d le

2

(8)

(3)

(8)
1
41

8
272

86,300

278

1,860

976

5 ,140

53
41,500
16,600

41
30

173
61

811
108

4 ,5 8 0
412

206
1

1,610
10

56

146

100

100

fr e q u e n c y o f c r o s s -in d u s t r y s t o p p a g e s a c c o u n t s fo r t h e o m is s io n in t h is t a b le
o f th e n u m b e r o f s t o p p a g e s .
* S ee f o o t n o t e 1, t a b l e 1.
* L e s s t h a n 500.
N

ote

: B e c a u s e o f r o u n d i n g , s u m s o f i n d i v id u a l it e m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a ls .

D u ra tion
T h e n u m b e r o f sto p p a g e s an d th eir size are, o f
cou rse, fa cto rs c o n tr ib u tin g to th e v o lu m e o f
m a n -d a y s o f idleness resu ltin g fr o m m a jo r d is­
pu tes, b u t th e len g th o f m a jo r sto p p a g e s ap p ears
to b e th e ch ie f co n trib u tin g agen t. A p p r o x im a te ly
a th ird (93) o f th e 268 m a jo r sto p p a g e s d u rin g th e
13-year p e rio d la sted fo r a m o n th o r lon g er, an d
these a c co u n te d fo r 85 p e rce n t o f th e to ta l m a n d a y s lo s t (ta b le 6 ). I n term s o f m a n -d a y s lost,
a b o u t 90 m illion , o r m o re th an a th ird o f th e to ta l,
m ig h t h a v e b e e n sa v e d if all 93 sto p p a g e s h a d
la sted n o lon g er th a n a m o n th . S in ce it is rea son ­
a b le to assum e— in gen eral, a lth ou g h n o t in each
in sta n ce— th a t s e co n d a ry idleness cau sed b y

7

sh orta g es o f su p p lies a n d serv ices also in creases
d ir e c tly w ith d u ra tion , th e im p a c t o f lo n g s to p ­
p ag es is u n d ersta te d b y th ese figures.
D isp u te s o v e r n ew c o n tr a c t term s, w h ich in
larg e situ a tion s te n d t o b e v a rie d a n d c o m p le x ,
w ere seld om q u ic k ly re s o lv e d if a s to p p a g e o c ­
T

a b l e

5.

W

o r k

S

t o p p a g e s

I

n v o l v in g

10,000

cu rred . U n d e r th e T a ft-H a r tle y A c t , 60 d a y s ’
n o tic e o f in te n t to term in a te an a g reem en t o n its
ex p ira tion d a te is req u ired .
I f a g reem en t w as
n o t re a ch e d d u rin g th is p e rio d o r d u rin g a c o n tr a c t
ex ten sion , a n d a strik e resu lted , in o n ly a b o u t o n e
o u t o f six in sta n ces w as a se ttle m e n t re a ch e d w ith o r

M

o r e

A ll s top p a g es

R e g io n a n d S ta te

U n it e d S ta te s ....................... - .........................................

W

o r k e r s

,

b y

R

e g io n

S in g le -S t a t e s t o p p a g e s

a n d

S

t a t e

,

1947-59

M u lti-S ta te stop p a g es

W orkers
N um ber of
M a n -d a y s N u m b e r o f
W ork ers
M a n -d a y s N u m b e r o f
W ork ers
M a n -d a y s
t im e s S ta te i n v o l v e d 1
id le
t im e s S ta te i n v o l v e d *
t im e s S ta te i n v o l v e d *
id le
id le
w as
( th o u s a n d s ) (th o u s a n d s )
w as
w as
(th o u s a n d s ) (th o u s a n d s )
(t h o u s a n d s ) ( th o u s a n d s )
a ffe c t e d 1
a ffe c te d 1
a ffe c t e d 1

268

11,700

247,000

N e w E n g la n d .
C o n n e c t i c u t ..................................... ........................
M a i n e ..........................................................................
M a s s a c h u s e t t s ............................................. ...........
N e w H a m p s h i r e ....................................................
R h o d e I s la n d ...........................................................
V e r m o n t .....................................................................

35
10
49
3
20
7

252
44
12
164
1
28
4

5 ,150
789
263
3 ,4 6 0
24
519
96

M i d d l e A t l a n t i c .............................................................
N e w J e r s e y .......... ....................................................
N e w Y o r k _________ _____ ____________________
P e n n s y lv a n ia ...........................................................

70
77
90

3 ,1 9 0
307
889
1,990

E a s t N o r t h C e n tr a l
I llin o is .........................................................................
I n d i a n a .......................................................................
M i c h i g a n ...................................................................
O h io ..............................................................................
W i s c o n s i n ..................................................................

68
76
70
72
25

W e s t N o r t h C e n tr a l
I o w a ..............................................................................
K an sas
_
M in n e s o t a .................................................................
M is s o u r i.....................................................................
N ebraska
N orth D a k ota
_
__
_ __ _
Si>nth D a k o t a ^ _________ . _____ _

135

2 ,5 4 0

2 9 ,500

21

65

133

9 ,2 0 0

217,000

35
10
48
3
20
7

231
44
12
143
1
28
4

5 ,0 8 0
789
263
3 ,3 9 0
24
519
96

1

21

65

68,500
6,100
15,200
47,300

3
15
19

556
38
213
305

5 ,5 7 0
597
2,7 8 0
2 ,1 9 0

67
62
71

2 ,6 3 0
269
676
1,690

6 3 ,000
5 ,5 0 0
12,400
4 5 ,100

3 ,8 0 0
728
685
1,190
1,120
70

77,900
16,600
15,200
18,100
26,000
1,920

7
7
24
10
1

1,020
128
106
566
200
18

10,700
2 ,6 9 0
480
4,7 0 0
2 ,1 4 0
726

61
69
46
62
24

2 ,7 8 0
600
580
626
922
52

6 7 ,100
13,900
14,700
13,400
2 3 ,9 0 0
1 ,2 0 0

29
32
22
46
16
10
9

611
170
64
141
202
24
6
3

12,800
2,120
1,490
4,240
4,1 2 0
681
79
47

1

120
100

465
100

1

20

365

28
32
21
46
16
10
9

491
70
64
121
202
24
6
3

12 ,3 0 0
2 ,0 2 0
1 ,4 9 0
3 ,8 8 0
4 ,1 2 0
681
79
47

P n ilth A tlnnfiic
D e la w a r e
_
________________________
D is t r ic t o f C o l u m b i a
......
F l o r id a ........................................................................
G e o r g ia .................. .................................................. ..
M a ry la n d
„ ............
_ ___ __
N o r t h C a r o lin a _____________________________
S o u t h C a r o lin a .......................................................
V ir g in ia .......................................................................
W e s t V ir g in ia ..........................................................

1,270
19
29
36
53
202
37
56
124
717

27,000
365
420
805
1,190
6 ,520
805
509
2,060
14,300

66

221

24
12
22
34
46
25
21
39
39

24
12
22
34
46
25
19
39
38

1 ,2 1 0
19
29
36
53
202
37
18
124
689

26 ,8 0 0
365
420
805
1 ,1 9 0
6 ,5 2 0
805
428
2 ,0 6 0
1 4 ,200

E a s t S o u t h C e n tr a l _ _ _____________________
A l a b a m a .....................................................................
K e n t u c k y ..................................................................
M is s i s s ip p i ...............................................................
T e n n e s s e e ..................................................................

51
47
14
54

924
364
413
11
136

19,400
9,060
7,550
277
2,560

46
40
14
53

722
264
326
11
121

1 7 ,300
7 ,450
7 ,1 5 0
277
2 ,3 8 0

25
31
36
42

335
33
87
52
163

5 ,940
602
1,620
803
2 ,920

25
29
36
41

299
33
62
52
152

4 ,9 6 0
602
1 ,0 2 0
803
2 ,5 4 0

M o u n ta in _
.
A r i z o n a ........................................................................
C o l o r a d o ........... ....................................... .................
I d a h o ................ ........................................... ...............
M o n t a n a ....................................................................
N e v a d a _______ _______________ _______________
N e w M e x i c o ............ ...............................................
U t a h .............................................................................
W y o m i n g ................ ..................................................

19
32
14
15
13
21
31
16

314
41
112
10
19
7
20
85
20

7,020
866
2,6 8 0
126
185
211
405
2 ,2 2 0
329

18
30
14
15
13
21
29
16

255
24
92
10
19
7
20
63
20

6 ,0 4 0
431
2 ,2 9 0
126
185
211
405
2 ,0 6 0
329

P a c i f ic _
C a lifo r n ia ...................................................................
O r e g o n .........................................................................
W a s h i n g t o n ...............................................- .............

78
23
41

1 ,040
773
107
161

2 3 ,200
15,100
3 ,1 5 0
4 ,9 5 0

60
23
37

579
363
107
108

1 4 ,900
8 ,2 2 0
3 ,1 5 0
3 ,5 2 0

W est. S o u th C e n t r a l ____
A r k a n s a s ....................................................................
L o u is ia n a .................................. .................................
O k la h o m a ........................................................... —
T e x a s ............................................................................

i S t o p p a g e s e x t e n d i n g a c r o s s S t a t e lin e s h a v e b e e n c o u n t e d i n e a c h S t a t e
a f fe c t e d ; w o r k e r s i n v o l v e d a n d m a n - d a y s i d le w e r e a llo c a t e d a m o n g t h e
S ta te s .




2

38

81

1

28

140

5
7

202
100
87

2 ,1 9 0
1,610
397

1

2

15

183

36

979

25

594

1

11

385

1
2

59
17
20

978
435
383

2

22

160

18

464
410

8 ,3 2 0
6 ,890

4

53

1 ,440

* S e e f o o t n o t e 1, t a b l e 1.
N

ote:

B e c a u s e o f r o u n d i n g , s u m s o f i n d i v i d u a l it e m s m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a ls .

8

T

6.

W

o r k

o r k e r s

,

b y

a b l e

W

S

t o p p a g e s

T

y p e

o f

I

n v o l v in g

D

is p u t e

10,000
a n d

D

o r

M

o r e

,

u r a t io n

Issu es

1947-59
S top p a g es

T y p e o f d is p u te a n d d u r a tio n
( c a le n d a r d a y s )
N um ­
ber

W o rk e rs in ­
v o lv e d i

M a n - d a y s id le

P er­
cen t

N um ­
ber
(th o u ­
san ds)

P er­
cen t

N um ber
(th o u ­
sands)

P er­
cen t

A l l t y p e s o f d is p u t e s .....................

268

100

1 1 ,700

100

247 ,000

1 d a y ..............................................
2 t o 3 d a y s ..................................
4 a n d le s s t h a n 7 d a y s ____
7 a n d less t h a n 15 d a y s ___
15 a n d less t h a n 30 d a y s —
30 a n d le s s t h a n 60 d a y s —
60 a n d le s s t h a n 90 d a y s —
90 d a y s a n d o v e r ....................

12
23
38
59
43
54
17
22

4
9
14
22
16
20
6
8

243
803
825
2 ,7 5 0
1 ,7 2 0
2 ,8 9 0
529
1 ,9 8 0

2
7
7
23
15
25
5
17

243
1 ,1 5 0
2 ,6 7 0
1 4 ,300
19,000
69,000
21,400
1 19 ,000

100

N e w c o n t r a c t t e r m s . . .................
1 d a y ..............................................
2 t o 3 d a y s ..................................
4 a n d le s s t h a n 7 d a y s _____
7 a n d less t h a n 15 d a y s ___
15 a n d less t h a n 30 d a y s —
30 a n d le s s t h a n 60 d a y s —
60 a n d le s s t h a n 90 d a y s —
90 d a y s a n d o v e r . .................

205
3
11
18
43
40
51
17
22

100
1
5
9
21
20
25
8
11

9 ,6 1 0
38
579
466
1 ,6 1 0
1 ,6 1 0
2 ,8 0 0
529
1 ,9 8 0

100
0
6
5
17
17
29
6
21

237,000
38
788
1 ,6 8 0
8, 310
1 7 ,700
6 7 ,6 0 0
2 1 ,4 0 0
119 ,000

G r i e v a n c e s ..........................................
1 d a y ..............................................
2 t o 3 d a y s ..................................
4 a n d le ss t h a n 7 d a y s _____
7 a n d le s s t h a n 15 d a y s ___
15 a n d less t h a n 30 d a y s —
30 a n d le s s t h a n 60 d a y s —

47
5
11
17
9
2
3

100
11
23
36
19
4
6

1 ,0 0 0
70
176
296
285
87
86

100
7
18
30
29
9
9

5 ,0 2 0
70
291
765
1 ,2 3 0
1 ,2 8 0
1 ,3 9 0

100
1
6
15
25
25
28

O t h e r ...... ..............................................
1 d a y ..............................................
2 t o 3 d a y s ..................................
4 a n d le s s t h a n 7 d a y s _____
7 a n d less t h a n 15 d a y s ___
15 a n d less t h a n 30 d a y s . _

16
4
1
3
7
1

100
25
6
19
44
6

1 ,1 2 0
136
48
63
858
20

100
12
4
6
76
2

5 ,3 1 0
136
66
228
4, 780
100

100
3
1
4
90
2

0
0
1
6
8
28
9
48
100
0
0
1
4
7
29
9
50

1 S ee f o o t n o t e 1, t a b le 1.
2 L e s s t h a n 0.5 p e r c e n t .

N o t e : B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , s u m s o f i n d i v id u a l it e m s m a y n o t e q u a l
t o t a ls .

in a w eek . I n a b o u t a fifth o f th e cases, se ttle m e n t
w a s rea ch ed in th e se co n d w eek . A n o th e r fifth o f
th e d isp u tes w ere re s o lv e d b e fo r e a m o n th h a d
elap sed . M o r e th a n 2 o u t o f 5 s to p p a g e s, h o w ­
ever, la sted lon g e r th an a m o n th — in 22 in sta n ces
fo r m o re th a n 3 m o n th s.
S to p p a g e s la stin g a
m o n th o r m o re a cc o u n te d fo r all b u t 12 p e rce n t o f
the to ta l m a n -d a y s o f idleness re c o r d e d fo r all
m a jo r n ew c o n tr a c t sto p p a g e s.
N o n c o n tr a c t sto p p a g e s w ere fa r m o re q u ic k ly
re so lv e d — if a se ttle m e n t w as n e ce ssa ry (p r o te s t
sto p p a g e s m a y h a v e d ifferen t p u rp o s e s ). S e v e n ten th s o f th e g rie v a n ce d isp u tes a n d h a lf o f th e
rem a in in g sto p p a g e s w ere o v e r w ith in a w eek .
O n ly th ree la sted fo r m o re th a n a m o n th . W o rk e rs
in m a jo r n o n c o n tr a c t s to p p a g e s lo s t an a v e ra g e o f
5 w o rk in g d a y s ea ch (n o t to b e co n fu s e d w ith d u ra ­
tion o r elap sed tim e o f strik e ), as a ga in st a lm o st 25
w ork in g d a y s in th e case o f n e w c o n tr a c t sto p p a g e s.




T h e w id e n in g sc o p e o f c o lle c tiv e b a rg a in in g
o v e r th e p a st d e ca d e is n o w h e re m o r e in e v id e n ce
th a n in m a jo r c o n tr a c t n e g o tia tio n s, so m e o f w h ich
eru p t in to strik es b e ca u se n e w issues h a v e been
b r o u g h t to th e b a rg a in in g ta b le . A case in p o in t
is th e 1949 b a sic steel strik e, w h ich in v o lv e d p e n ­
sion s a n d h e a lth in su ra n ce. S trik es o fte n o c c u r
o n th e c o n tr a c t te rm in a tio n d a te w ith o u t a final
re so lu tio n o f a n y o f th e issues in n e g o tia tio n , and
it is o fte n d ifficu lt, a n d fr e q u e n tly a rb itra ry , to
single o u t th e m o s t im p o r ta n t issue u p o n w h ich
th e sto p p a g e h u n g . T h e p a rties th em selv es m a y
d isagree as to th e m a jo r issue o r issues. L o n g
T

a b l e

I

7.

M

a jo r

n v o l v in g

I

ss u e s

10,000

o r

I

n v o l v e d

M

o r e

S top p a ges

W

in

W

o r k

o r k e r s

,

W o r k e r s in ­
v o lv e d i

S

t o p p a g e s

1947-59
M a n - d a y s i d le

M a j o r issu e s
P er­
cen t

N um ­
ber
(th o u ­
san ds)

P er­
cen t

N um ber
(th o u ­
sands)

268

100

11,700

100

247 ,000

173
95
2

65
35
1

7 ,3 8 0
4 ,1 6 0
29

63
35

181 ,000
102 ,000
1 ,1 8 0

13

5

327

3

3 ,5 8 0

1

34

13

1 ,1 6 0

10

3 6 ,9 0 0

15

7
22

3
8

711
998

6
9

2 2 ,8 0 0
1 4 ,400

9
6

20

7

1 ,6 2 0

14

48 ,9 0 0

20

2

1

26

N um ­
ber

A l l i s s u e s ___________ ___________
W a g e s , h o u r s , a n d s u p p le ­
m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s _____________
W a g e in c r e a s e __________ . . .
W a g e d e c r e a s e _____________
W a g e in c re a s e , h o u r d e ­
c r e a s e _____________________
W a g e in cre a se , p e n s io n ,
a n d /o r s o c ia l in s u r a n c e
b e n e f i t s ___________________
P e n s io n
a n d /o r
s o c ia l
in s u r a n c e b e n e fits - ____
O th e r 3______________________
U n io n o r g a n iz a t io n , w a g e s ,
h ou rs, a n d s u p p le m e n ta ry
b e n e f it s ________________________
R e c o g n it i o n , w a g e s , a n d /
o r h o u r s __________________
S t r e n g t h e n in g b a r g a in in g
p o s i t io n , w a g e s , a n d /o r
h o u r s ______________________
U n io n s e c u r it y , w a g e s ,
a n d /n r h n n rs
O t h e r ________________________
U n io n o r g a n iz a t io n ____________
R e c o g n i t i o n ________________
S t r e n g t h e n in g b a r g a in in g
p o s i t i o n __________________
U n io n s e c u r i t y . __________
D is c r im i n a t i o n ____________
O t h e r . _____________________
O t h e r w o r k in g c o n d i t io n s .........
J o b s e c u r it y ________________
S h o p c o n d i t io n s a n d p o l ­
i c i e s _______________________
W o r k l o a d ___________________
O t h e r ________________________
In te r u n io n
or
in t r a u n io n
m a t t e r s ________________________
S y m p a th y
......
U n io n r iv a lr y „
J u r is d ic t io n

0

106

0

P er­
cen t

100

73
41
0

0

5

2

812

7

19 ,3 0 0

8

12
1
8
1

4

7

29 ,5 0 0
71
3 ,8 3 0
172

12

0

769
14
247
15

0

4
1
1
1
55
18

0
0
0

0
( 2)
0

19
4

3 ,2 6 0
322
18
66
11,900
2 ,0 1 0

(\

3
0
1

0
2
0
1

21
7

124
42
18
48
2 ,2 3 0
466

18
7
12

7
3
4

272
213
1 ,2 8 0

2
2
11

918
1 ,6 7 0
7 ,3 3 0

12
5
4
3

4
2
1
1

253
107
81
65

2
1
1
1

1 ,6 2 0
451
894
270

0
0
0

2
0
1

5
1

3
1
0
0
0

1 S ee f o o t n o t e 1, t a b le 1.
2 L e s s t h a n 0.5 p e r c e n t .
1 I n c lu d e s is su e s s u c h a s r e t r o a c t i v i t y , h o l id a y s , v a c a t io n s , j o b c la s s ific a ­
t io n s , p ie c e r a te s , i n c e n t iv e s t a n d a r d s , o r o t h e r r e la t e d m a t t e r s u n a c c o m ­
p a n ie d b y p r o p o s a ls t o e f fe c t g e n e r a l c h a n g e s i n w a g e r a te s .
N o t e : B e ca u se o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n o t e q u a l
t o t a ls .

9

stop p a g es, m o re o v e r , m a y th em selv es g en era te
u n foreseen issu es; fo r exa m p le, w h a t starts o u t as
a w a g e in crease d isp u te m a y b e p r o lo n g e d b y
d isag reem en t o v e r r e tr o a c t iv it y o r th e re in sta te ­
m e n t o f strikers. A ck n o w le d g in g th e lim ita tio n s
o f cla ssify in g larg e sto p p a g e s b y m a jo r issue, it is,
n on eth eless, in fo rm a tiv e to ex a m in e th e d a ta
a cco rd in g to th e sy ste m o f cla ssifica tion th e
B u rea u ap p lies to all stop p a g es, large o r sm all.
A lm o s t th ree-fou rth s o f th e m a n -d a y id leness
to ta l w as a ttrib u te d to e c o n o m ic issues alon e, a n d
a n oth er 20 p erce n t w as a d d e d b y sto p p a g e s in
w h ich u n ion o rg a n iza tio n w as also a fa c t o r (ta b le
7 ). U n io n o rg a n iza tio n (n o m a jo r e c o n o m ic is­
su es), oth e r w o rk in g co n d itio n s (in clu d in g m a n y
o f th e g r ie v a n ce -ty p e d isp u te s), a n d in teru n ion
a n d in tra u n ion m a tters w ere th e p re d o m in a n t
issues in 75 stop p a g e s, b u t th e y w ere r e la tiv e ly
q u ic k ly settled a n d a c c o u n te d fo r less th a n 10 p er­
ce n t o f to ta l idleness fr o m all m a jo r sto p p a g e s.
A lm o s t a fo u r th o f to ta l id leness resu lted fr o m
sto p p a g e s in w h ich pen sion s a n d /o r so cia l in su ra n ce
b en efits w ere eith er th e m a jo r issue o r sh a red th e
h o n o r w ith w a g e in crease d em a n d s (a n d p resu m ­
a b ly w ere in clu d e d som ew h ere o n th e list o f
d em a n d s in m a n y o th e r situ a tio n s ). T h is w as a
p e rio d o f th e “ b re a k th ro u g h ” o n u n io n d em a n d s
fo r em p loy er-fin a n ce d b e n e fit plan s. S u ch plan s




are n o w w id esp rea d . A lth o u g h p en sion a n d in su r­
a n ce p la n ch an ges c o n tin u e to ra n k a m o n g th e
m o re fre q u e n t frin g e b en efit issues in n e g o tia tio n s,
th eir a p p ea ra n ce a m o n g m a jo r issues le a d in g to
sto p p a g e s is n o t lik e ly to ra n k as h ig h in th e n e x t
d e ca d e as in th e p a st on e.
D isp o sitio n o f Is s u e s
A p re d o m in a n t ch a ra cte ristic o f la b o r-m a n a g e ­
m e n t rela tion s in th e U n ite d S ta tes, in gen eral,
is th e w ill (w h ich m a y b e sh ared b y b o t h p a rties)
t o c o n tin u e a sto p p a g e u n til all issues are re so lv e d
a n d a se ttle m e n t is re a ch e d . T h is w as also a
fea tu re o f m a jo r sto p p a g e s d u rin g th e p e rio d
stu d ie d . S ev en o f th e 268 m a jo r sto p p a g e s w ere
en d e d b y a T a ft-H a r tle y in ju n c tio n . A n o th e r
s to p p a g e w a s en d e d b y referral t o a fa ctfin d in g
b o a r d . I n 46 in sta n ces, th e p a rties a g reed to
c o n tin u e d ire ct n e g o tia tio n s a fte r th e retu rn to
w o rk . O n ly eig h t sto p p a g e s w ere te rm in a te d b y
an a g reem en t to a rb itra te. S ix te rm in a tio n s in ­
v o lv e d o th e r d e v ice s to d isp ose o f issues, p e rm a ­
n e n tly o r te m p o ra rily . A llo w in g fo r a fe w o th e r
u n a c c o u n te d d eferm en ts, th e co n clu sio n seem s
ju stifie d th a t a b o u t 7 o u t o f 10 m a jo r sto p p a g e s
co n tin u e d , a n d w ork ers re m a in e d o u t, u n til a fin al
se ttle m e n t w as re a ch e d .




11

Appendix
The following lis tin g id e n tifie s and provides some basic information on the stoppages in ­
volving 10,000 or more workers in selected companies and associations during 1947-59. Except in one
instance (footnoted) the lis tin g was drawn from the annual work stoppage bulletins o f the Bureau with­
out change. Terms of settlement, presented in the annual b u lletin s, were omitted because their in­
clusion would have greatly expanded the size o f the lis tin g .
The order o f presentation is as follow s:
Agriculture
California Processors and Growers, Inc.
A ircraft
Bendix Aviation Corporation
Boeing Airplane Company
Douglas A ircraft Company
Lockheed A ircraft Corporation
North American Aviation Corporation
Republic Aviation Corporation
Wright Aeronautical Corporation
Airlines
American Airlines
Eastern A irlines, Inc.
Trans World A irlines, Inc.
Aluminum
Aluminum Company o f America and Reynolds
Metals Company
Apparel
Women's garment manufacturing companies
Garment manufacturers
Pennsylvania Dress Manufacturers
Association
Dress industry
M illinery and hat frame manufacturing
companies
Automobile
Chrysler Corporation
Ford Motor Company
General Motors Corporation
Coal mining
Anthracite
Bituminous
Anthracite and bituminous
Communicat ions
Telephone industry
Western E lectric Company and Michigan
Bell Telephone Company
Western E lectric Company; Michigan Bell
Telephone Company; New Jersey Bell
Telephone Company; P a cific Telephone
and Telegraph Company; Bell Telephone
Laboratories; Ohio Bell Telephone
Company
Western E lectric Company
New Jersey Bell Telephone Company
Ohio Bell Telephone Company
P acific Telephone and Telegraph Company
(and subsidiary, Bell Telephone
Company o f Nevada)
Southern Bell Telephone Company
Southwestern Bell Telephone Company
Western Union Telegraph Company




Construction
California
Cleveland, Ohio
Detroit, Michigan
New York State
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Container Companies
American Can Company and Continental
Can Company
Copper
Copper and other nonferrous metal mines,
m ills, and smelters
Kennecott Copper Corporation, American
Smelting and Refining Company, and
Phelps Dodge Corporation
Kennecott Copper Corporation
E lectrica l Manufacturing
General E lectric Corporation
Westinghouse E lectric Corporation
Fabricated Metal Products
Metal trades industries
Machine shops
Farm Equipment
Caterpillar Tractor Company
International Harvester Company
Glass
National Association o f Manufacturers
of Pressed and Blown Glassware
National Association of Pressed and
Blown Glassware and Glass Container
Manufacturers' Institute
Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Company and
Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company
Lumber
Tri-State Lumbermen's Association
P a cific Northwest Lumber Companies
Maritime
West Coast
East Coast
A ll Coasts
Meatpacking
Meatpacking plants
Armour and Company and Swift and
Company
Swift and Company
Motor Transport
Trucking companies

12
Oil and Gas
Oil companies
Oil and natural gas companies
Railroads
Wabash Railroad Company
Missouri P a cific Railroad Company
Pennsylvania Railroad Company;
New York Central Railroad Company;
Southern Railway Company;
Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe
Railroad; Union P acific
Railroad
Chicago, Rock Island, and
P acific Railroad Company;
Great Northern Railway
Company; Chicago Great
Western Railway Company;
Denver and Rio Grande
Western Railroad Company;
Western P a cific Railroad Company
Railroad terminals
Railroads, nationwide
New York Central Railroad
Company; Terminal Railroad
Association o f St. Louis
L ouisville and Nashville Railroad
Company and subsidiaries
Railway Express Agency, Inc.




Rubber
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company
B. F. Goodrich Company
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
United States Rubber Company
Shipbuilding
Shoe Manufacturing
International Shoe Company
Steel
Industry, nationwide
United States Steel Corporation
subsidaries
Union Railroad Company and Carnegie
I llin o is Steel Corporation
Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company
Union Railroad Company
Textiles
Woolen and worsted m ills
Fall River T extile Manufacturers'
Association
Cotton and rayon m ills
Carpet and rug manufacturers
Cotton and synthetic te x tile m ills
Silk and rayon dyeing, finish in g,
and printing companies

13
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59

Industry, company, and
beginning date of stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number of
workers
involved 1j

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

AGRICULTURE
California Processors and
Growers, In c.
July 28, 1953

International Brother­
hood o f Teamsters

Northern and
Central California

33,000

8

AIRCRAFT
Bendix Aviation Corporation
August 29, 1955

United Automobile Workers 5 States: C a lifor­
nia, Indiana,
Michigan, New
Jersey, and
New York

16,000

7

November 18, 1958

United Automobile Workers 5 States: C a lifor­
nia, Indiana,
Michigan, New
Jersey, and
New York

13,000

6

International Associa­
tion o f Machinists

18,000

3/ 142

Boeing Airplane Company
April 22, 1948

Seattle, Wash.

Douglas A ircraft Company
September 5, 1951

United Automobile Workers El Segundo, Santa
and United A ircraft
Monica, and Long
Welders (Ind.)
Beach, C a lif.

10,000

44

September 15, 1952

International Associa­
tion o f Machinists

El Segundo, C a lif.

11,000

14

International Associa­
tion o f Machinists

Burbank, C a lif.

23,000

21

4/ 32,000

54

14,000

2

Lockheed A ircraft Corporation
September 8, 1952
North American Aviation
Corporation
October 23, 1953

United Automobile Workers, Fresno and Los
and United A ircraft
Angeles, C a lif.,
Welders (Ind.) 4/
and Columbus,
Ohio

Republic Aviation Corporation
June 2, 1952

See footnotes on p. 38.




International Associa­
tion o f Machinists

Farmingdale and
Port Washington,
N.Y.

14
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59—Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved

1/

Location(s)

Approximate
number o f
workers
involved_l/

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

AIRCRAFT—Cont inued
Republic Aviation Cor­
poration—Continued
February 20, 1956

Wright Aeronautical
Corporation
September 26, 1951

International Union o f
Operating Engineers,
International Brother­
hood o f E lectrica l
Workers, and Inter­
national Association
o f Machinists

Long Island area,
N.Y.

12,000

112

United Automobile Workers Wood-Ridge and
Garfield, N.J

13,000

23

International Air Line
P ilots Association

27 States: Arizona,
Arkansas, C a lifor­
nia, Connecticut,
Delaware, Florida,
I llin o is , Indiana,
Kentucky, Louisiana,
Maryland, Massa­
chusetts, Michigan,
Minnesota, Missouri,
New Jersey, New
York, Ohio, Oklahoma,
Pennsylvania, Rhode
Island, Tennessee,
Texas, Virginia,
Washington,West
Virginia,and Wisconsin

21,000

22

International Associa­
tion o f Machinists
and Flight Engineers'
International
Association

25 States: Alabama,
Connecticut, Dela­
ware, Florida,
Georgia, I llin o is ,
Indiana, Kentucky,
Louis iana, Maryland,
Massachusetts, Mich­
igan, Missouri, New
Jersey, New York,
North Carolina,
Ohio, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, South
Carolina,Tennessee,
Texas, Vermont,
Virginia, and West
Virginia

14,000

38

AIRLINES
American A irlines 5/
December 20, 1958

Eastern Air Lines, Inc
November 24

1958

See footnotes on p. 38.




15
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved

It

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number of
workers
involved, 1/

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

AIRLINES- -Cont inued
Trans World A irlines, Inc
November 21, 1958

International Associa­
tion o f Machinists

24 States: Arizona,
C alifornia, Colo­
rado, Connecticut,
Florida, I llin o is ,
Indiana, Kansas,
Kentucky, Maryland,
Massachusetts,
Michigan, Missouri,
Nevada, New Jersey,
New Mexico, New
York, Ohio, Okla­
homa , Pennsylvania,
Texas, Virginia,
West Virginia, and
Wisconsin

14,000

16

United Steelworkers

13 States: Alabama,
Arizona, Arkansas,
Connecticut, I l l i ­
nois, Indiana,
Michigan, New
Jersey, North
Carolina, Oregon,
Pennsylvania,
Tennessee, and
Texas

27,000

6/ 25

International Ladies
Garment Workers'
Union

Los Angeles, C alif

10,000

(7 /)

International Ladies
Garment Workers'
Union

4 States: New York,
Connecticut, New
Jersey, and eastern
Pennsylvania

21,000

2

International Ladies'
Garment Workers'
Union

Northeastern
Pennsylvania

10,000

3

ALUMINUM
Aluminum Company of America
and Reynolds Metals Company
August 1, 1956

APPAREL
Women's garment manufacturing
companies
February 17, 1948

Garment manufacturers
June 12, 1951

Pennsylvania Dress Manu­
facturers Association
August 10

1953

See footnotes on p. 38.




16
Work stoppages involving 10,000or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Indus t ry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number of
workers
involved \J

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

APPAREL--Cont inued
Dress industry
February 24, 1958

International Ladies'
Garment Workers'
Union

8 States: Connecti­
cut, Maryland,
Massachusetts,
New Jersey, New
York, Pennsylvania
Rhode Island, and
Vermont

105,000

8/ 53

United Hatters, Cap and
M illinery Workers

7 States: I llin o is ,
Maryland, Massa­
chusetts, Missouri
Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, and New
York

22,000

5

May 12, 1948

United Automobile Workers Detroit,Mich., Evans­
v i l l e , Ind., and
Maywood, C a lif.

75,000

17

November 9, 1948

United Automobile Workers D etroit, Mich.

13,000

4

August 13, 1949

United Automobile Workers D etroit, Mich.

17,000

6

January 25, 1950

United Automobile Workers 7 States: Arkansas,
C alifornia, Dela­
ware, Georgia,
Indiana, Kansas,
and Michigan

95,000

102

July 19, 1951

United Automobile Workers Detroit, Mich.
(Dodge Main Plant)

27,000

9/ 12

April 13, 1953

United Automobile Workers Detroit and Trenton,
Mich.

48,000

3

July 19, 1954

United Automobile Workers Detroit, Mich.

47,000

5

April 23, 1955

United Automobile Workers D etroit, Mich.

14,000

1

April 13, 1957

United Automobile Workers Evansville and
Indianapolis,
Ind., and Detroit,
Mich., area

11,000

10./ 4

M illinery and hat frame
manufacturing companies
January 9, 1958

AUTOMOBILE
Chrysler Corporation

See footnotes on p. 38.




17
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number of
workers
involved U

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

AUTOMOBILE—Cont inued
Chrysler Corporation-Cont inued
May 2, 1957

United Automobile Workers Detroit, Mich.

10,000

3

November 11, 1958

United Automobile Workers 6 States: C ali­
fornia, Delaware,
(O ffice, c le r ic a l, and
Georgia, Indiana,
engineering employees)
Kansas, and
11/
Michigan

56,000

6

May 5, 1949

United Automobile Workers D etroit, and
Dearborn, Mich.

62,000

25

June 6, 1955

United Automobile Workers 17 States: C ali­
fornia, Georgia,
I llin o is , Ken­
tucky, Louisiana,
Massachusetts,
Michigan, Minne­
sota, Missouri,
New Jersey, New
York, North
Carolina, Ohio,
Oklahoma, Ten­
nessee, Texas,
and Virginia

78,000

12 / 9

September 17, 1958

United Automobile Workers 15 States: Geor­
gia, I llin o is ,
Indiana, Iowa,
Kentucky, Michi­
gan, Minnesota,
Missouri, New
Jersey, New York,
Ohio, Oklahoma,
Tennessee, Vir­
ginia, and
Washington

75,000

13/ 13

United Automobile Workers 14 States: C ali­
fornia, Delaware,
Georgia, I llin o is ,
Indiana, Kansas,
Maryland, Michi­
gan, Missouri,
New Jersey, New
York, Ohio,
Pennsylvania,
and Texas

160,000

12/ 12

Ford Motor Company

General Motors Corporation
June 7, 1955

See footnotes on p. 38.




18
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approximate
number o f
workers
involved 1/

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

AUTOMOBILE—Cont inued
General Motors Corporation-Continued
October 2, 1958

International Union of
E le ctrica l, Radio and
Machine Workers

October 2, 1958

United Automobile Workers 18 States: Arkansas,
C alifornia, Con­
necticut, Delaware,
Georgia, I llin o is ,
Ind iana, Kans as,
Maryland, Massa­
chusetts, Michi­
gan, Missouri,
New Jersey, New
York, Ohio,
Pennsylvania,
Texas, and Wis­
consin

4 States: I l l i ­
nois, New Jersey,
New York, and
Ohio

25,000

14/ 30

275,000

15/ 26

16/ 8

COAL MINING
Anthracite
United Mine Workers

Pennsylvania

30,000

June 6, 1947

United Mine Workers

Indiana and south­
western Pennsyl­
vania

18,000

(17/)

June 23, 1947

United Mine Workers

Industrywide

343,000

(18/)

March 15, 1948

United Mine Workers

Nationwide

320,000

40

July 6, 1948

United Mine Workers

Captive mines,
5 States: Ala­
bama , Kentucky,
Pennsylvania,
Utah, and West
Virginia

42,000

9

July 6, 1948

United Mine Workers

Scattered locations

40,000

9

February 15, 1950 19/

Progressive Mine Workers
o f America

I llin o is

10,006

15

June 15, 1950

United Mine Workers

Kentucky and
Tennessee

13,000

5

February 19, 1951

United Mine Workers

BluefieId, West Vir­
ginia, and north­
ern West Virginia

28,000

7

April 6, 1948
Bituminous

See footnotes on p. 38.




19
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number of
workers
involved 1J

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

COAL MINING--Continued
Bituminous--Continued
September 2, 1952

United Mine Workers

Western Pennsylvania

October 13, 1952

United Mine Workers

Industrywide

July 12, 1954

United Mine Workers

Southwestern
Pennsylvania

March 9, 1959

13,000
270,000

20/ 8
21/

15

13,000

9

United Mine Workers

3 States: Kentucky,
Tennessee, and
West Virginia

18,000

(22/)

March 14, 1949

United Mine Workers

10 States: Alabama,
I llin o is , Indiana,
Kentucky, Mary­
land, Ohio, Penn­
sylvania, Tennessee,
V irginia, and West
Virginia

365,000

13

June 13, 1949

United Mine Workers

Nationwide

385,000

7

September 19, 1949

United Mine Workers

Nationwide

400,000

(23/)

National Federation
o f Telephone
Workers (Ind.)

Nationwide

370,000

24/ 44

Communications Workers
o f America

Nationwide

25/ 80,000

11

Communications Workers
o f America

Nationwide

26/ 150,000

27/ 19

Anthracite and Bituminous

COMMUNICATIONS
Telephone industry
April 7, 1947

Western E lectric Company and
Michigan Bell Telephone
Company
November 9, 1950
Western E lectric Company;
Michigan Bell Telephone
Company; New Jersey Bell
Telephone Company; Pa­
c i f i c Telephone and Tele­
graph Company; Bell Tele­
phone Laboratories; Ohio
Bell Telephone Company
April 7, 1952

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 39.




20
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number of
workers
involved \J

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

COMMUNICATIONS- -Cont inued
Western E lectric Company
July 1, 1954

Communications Workers
o f America (in s ta l­
lation equipment
workers)

Nationwide

13,000

3

September 16, 1957

Communications Workers
o f America

Nationwide

28/ 125,000

4

March 26, 1952

Telephone Workers of
New Jersey (Ind.)

Statewide

11,000

1

March 26, 1953

Telephone Workers o f
New Jersey (Ind.) 29/

Statewide

14,000

35

Statewide

14,000

30/ 26

Communications Workers
Northern C alifornia
o f America; United
and Nevada
Brotherhood o f Tele­
phone Workers o f North­
ern California and
Nevada (In d .); United
Brotherhood of Tele­
phone Workers (Ind.)

16,000

13

Communications Workers
o f America

9 States: Alabama,
Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Louisi­
ana, M ississippi,
North Carolina,
South Carolina,
and Tennessee

40,000

72

Communications Workers
o f America

6 States: Arkansas,
I llin o is , Kansas,
Missouri, Okla­
homa, and Texas

50,000

13

Commercial Telegraphers'
Union

Nationwide

32,000

53

New Jersey Bell Telephone
Company

Ohio Bell Telephone Company
September 8, 1957

Communications Workers
o f America

P a cific Telephone and
Telegraph Company (and
subsidiary, Bell Tele­
phone Company o f Nevada)
October 10, 1955

Southern Bell Telephone
Company
March 14, 1955

Southwestern Bell Telephone
Company
August 19, 1953

Western Union Telegraph
Company
April 3, 1952

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 39.




21
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number of
workers
involved \]

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

CONSTRUCTION
California
July 10, 1950

United Brotherhood o f
Carpenters and Joiners

Los Angeles and
San Diego Coun­
tie s , C alif.

40,000

36

March 31, 1952

United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners

San Francisco Bay
Area, C a lif.

35,000

60

May 6, 1952

United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners

Northern and cen­
tral California

45,000

31/ 32

June 3, 1953

International Hod
C arriers', Building,
and Common Laborers'
Union

Northern and central
California

32/ 60,000

41

July 19, 1954

United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners

Southern California

30,000

3

June 20, 1955

International Union of
Operating Engineers

Southern C alifornia

16,000

16

July 7, 1956

United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners

San Francisco,
C a lif., area

13,000

12

June 28, 1957

International Hod
C arriers', Building,
and Common Laborers'
Union

Los Angeles and
Orange Counties,
California

11,000

34

October 6, 1952

Building Trades
Unions

Cleveland, Ohio, area

30,000

4

May 10, 1954

Building Trades
Unions

Cleveland,Ohio, area

15,000

8

May 1, 1956

Building Trades
Unions

Northeastern Ohio

40,000

27

May 1, 1958

Building Trades
Unions

Cleveland, and
Lorain-Elyria,
Ohio, and Geauga
County, Ohio

30,000

34/ 48

May 1, 1947

Building Trades
Unions

Detroit, Mich., area

19,000

35/ 47

May 12, 1952

Building Trades
Unions

Detroit, Mich., area

70,000

23

33/

Cleveland, Ohio

D etroit, Mich.

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 39.




22

Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number of
workers
involved 1J

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

CONSTRUCTION—Cont inued
D etroit, Mich__ Continued
May 1, 1953

Detroit, Mich., area
United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners;
Brotherhood o f Painters,
Decorators, and Paperhangers

30,000

36/ 50

New York State
May 1,1950

Building Trades
Unions

Buffalo, N.Y., area

20,000

37/ 40

June 1, 1955

International Union of
Operating Engineers

Buffalo, N.Y., area

12,000

7

August 12, 1957

International Hod Car­
Long Island, N.Y.
r ie r s ', Building, and
Common Laborers' Union;
United Brotherhood o f
Carpenters and Joiners

15,000

4

June 2, 1958

International Hod Car­
r ie r s ', Building, and
Common Laborers' Union

20,000

6

June 16, 1958

International Association Albany, Binghamton,
of Bridge, Structural
Elmira, Niagara
F alls, Rochester,
and Ornamental Iron
Schenectady, Syra­
Workers
cuse, and Utica,
N.Y.

10,000

38/ 54

Buffalo, N.Y., area

Philadelphia, Pa.
June 5, 1947

Building Trades
Unions

Philadelphia, Pa.,
area

15,000

13

May 1, 1953

Building Trades
Unions

Philadelphia, Pa.

20,000

39/ 48

May 1, 1954

Building Trades
Unions

Philadelphia, Pa.

20,000

40/ 25

United Steelworkers

Nationwide

30,000

CONTAINER COMPANIES
American Can Company and
Continental Can Company
December 2, 1953

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 39.




(41/)

23
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date of stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number of
workers
involved 1/

Approximate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

COPPER
Copper and other nonferrous
metal mines, m ills, and
smelters
International Union o f
Mine, M ill, and
Smelter Workers

Nationwide

40,000

12

International Union of
Mine, M ill, and
Smelter Workers

12 States: Arizona,
C alifornia, Colo­
rado, Maryland,
Montana, Nebraska,
Nevada, New Jersey
New Mexico, Texas,
Utah, and
Washington

21,000

42/ 47

International Union of
Mine, M ill, and
Smelter Workers;
United Steel­
workers 43/

4 States: Arizona,
Nevada, New Mexico
and Utah

11,000

(44/)

August 29, 1950

International Union of
E le ctrica l, Radio and
Machine Workers

8 States: Indiana,
Massachusetts, New
Jersey, New York,
Ohio, Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, and
West Virginia

40,000

18

April 25, 1957

International Union of
E le ctrica l, Radio and
Machine Workers

Everett and West
Lynn, Mass.

21,000

6

July 28, 1958

International Union o f
E le ctrica l, Radio and
Machine Workers

L ou isville, Ky.

10,000

14

March 30, 1951

International Union of
E le ctrica l, Radio and
Machine Workers

East Pittsburgh, Pa.

14,000

5

March 28, 1952

International Union of
E le ctrica l, Radio and
Machine Workers

East Pittsburgh, Pa.

13,000

4

August 27, 1951

Kennecott Copper Corporation,
American Smelting and Re­
fining Company, and Phelps
Dodge Corporation
July 1, 1955

Kennecott Copper Corporation
August 10, 1959

ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURING
General E lectric Corporation

Westinghouse E lectric
Corporation

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 39.




24
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date of stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number of
workers
involved \J

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURING-Cont inued
Westinghouse E lectric
Corporation--Cont inued
May 26, 1952

International Union of
E le ctrica l, Radio and
Machine Workers

East Pittsburgh, Pa.

13,000

1

June 1, 1955

International Union o f
E le ctrica l, Radio and
Machine Workers

East Pittsburgh and
Homewood, Pa.

12,000

8

August 8, 1955

International Union o f
E le ctrica l, Radio and
Machine Workers

9 States: California,
Connecticut, In­
diana, Massachu­
setts, New Jersey,
New York, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, and
West Virginia

44,000

45/ 39

October 17, 1955

International Union of
E le ctrica l, Radio and
Machine Workers;
United E le ctrica l,
Radio and Machine
Workers o f America

13 States: California, 46/ 70,000
Connecticut, I l l i ­
nois, Indiana,
Maryland, Massa­
chusetts, Michigan,
New Jersey, New
York, Ohio, Penn­
sylvania, Wash­
ington, and West
Virginia

Metal Trades Unions;
International Associa­
tion o f Machinists

Washington

10,000

4

April 5, 1957

Metal Trades Council

Seattle, Wash., area

10,000

23

July 2, 1957

International Association San FranciscoOakland, C a lif.
o f Machinists

11,000

44

20,000

35

(46/)

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal trades industries
May 16, 1947

Machine Shops

FARM EQUIPMENT
Caterpillar Tractor Company
April 8, 1948

United Farm Equipment
and Metal Workers;
United Automobile
Workers

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 39




Peoria, 111.

25
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date of stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number of
workers
involved \J

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

FARM EQUIPMENT—Continued
C aterpillar Tractor Company—
Continued
July 30, 1951

United Automobile Workers East Peoria, 111.

24,000

63

July 30, 1955

United Automobile Workers East Peoria, 111.

18,000

4

October 2, 1956

United Automobile Workers East Peoria, 111.

19,000

3

October 11, 1958

United Automobile Workers East Peoria and
Morton, 111.

13,000

51

June 29, 1948 47/

United Farm Equipment and 4 States: I llin o is ,
Indiana, Kentucky
Metal Workers
and New York

34,000

2

August 17, 1948

United Automobile Workers 4 States: I llin o is ,
Indiana, Ohio,
and Tennessee

23,000

16

August 16, 1950

United Automobile Workers; 5 States: I llin o is ,
International A ssoci­
Indiana, Kentucky,
Ohio* and Tennessee
ation o f Machinists;
United Farm Equipment
and Metal Workers;
United E le ctrica l,
Radio and Machine
Workers

52,000

48/ 86

August 21, 1952

United E le ctrica l, Radio
and Machine Workers

22,000

90

August 19, 1955

United Automobile Workers 7 States: C a lifor­
49/ 40,000
nia, I llin o is , In­
diana, Kentucky,
Ohio, Oregon, and
Tennessee
32,000
United Automobile Workers 6 States: C a lifor­
nia, I llin o is ,
Indiana, Ken­
tucky, Ohio,
and Tennessee

49/ 32

International Harvester
Company

November 13, 1958

3 States: I llin o is ,
Indiana, and
Kentucky

(50/>

GLASS
National Association of
Manufacturers o f Pressed
and Blown Glassware
September 5, 1950

American Flint Glass
Workers

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 40.




7 States: I llin o is ,
Indiana, New
Jersey, New York,
Ohio, Pennsylvania
and West Virginia

11,500

17

26
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number o f
workers
involved X/

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

GLASS- - Continued
National Association o f Manu­
facturers o f Pressed and
Blown Glassware--Continued
September 6, 1952

American Flint Glass
Workers

5 States: C a lifor­
nia, Indiana,Ohio,
Pennsylvania, and
West Virginia

11,000

6

American Flint Glass
Workers

16 States: Alabama,
C alifornia, I l l i ­
nois, Indiana,
Maryland, M issis­
sip p i, New Jersey,
New York, Ohio,
Oklahoma, Penn­
sylvania, South
Carolina, Ten­
nessee, Texas,
Washington, and
West Virginia

47,000

51/ 28

United Glass and Ceramic
Workers

8 States: I llin o is ,
Louisiana, Mary­
land, Missouri,
Ohio, Oklahoma,
Pennsylvania, and
West Virginia

20,000

January 3, 1948

United Construction
Workers, a ffilia te d
with United Mine
Workers, D istrict 50

3 States: Maryland,
Pennsylvania, and
West Virginia

11,000

53/ 28

June 10, 1949

United Construction
Workers, a ffilia te d
with United Mine
Workers, D istrict 50

3 States: Maryland,
Pennsylvania, and
West Virginia

10,000

58

National Association of
Manufacturers o f Pressed
and Blown Glassware and
Glass Container Manu­
facturers ' Institute
September 1, 1956

Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass
Company and Pittsburgh
Plate Glass Company
October 6, 1958

(52/)

LUMBER
Tri-State Lumbermen's
Association

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 40




27
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59—Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number o f
workers
involved XJ

Approxi­
mate
durat ion
(calendar
days) 2]

LUMBER—Cont inued
P acific Northwest Lumber
Companies
April 29, 1952

International Woodworkers 5 States: C a lifor­
o f America
nia, Idaho, Mon­
tana, Oregon, and
Washington

45,000

54/ 57

June 21, 1954

International Woodworkers 5 States: C a lifor­
o f America; United
nia, Idaho, Mon­
Brotherhood o f Carpen­
tana, Oregon, and
ters and Joiners
Washington

77,000

55/ 83

September 2, 1948

International Longshore­
men's and Warehouse­
men's Union; Marine
Engineers' Bene­
f i c i a l Association;
Marine Cooks and
Stewards; Marine F ire­
men, O ilers, Water
tenders, and Wipers
Association; Radio
O ffic e r 's Union

West Coast

28,000

93

September 10, 1952

International Longshore­
men's and Warehouse­
men's Union

West Coast

12,000

1

June 6, 1955

International Longshore­
men's and Warehouse­
men ' s Union

West Coast

13,000

1

November 10, 1948

International Longshore­
men's Association

East Coast

45,000

18

October 15, 1951

International Longshore­
men's Association

3 States: Massachu­
setts, New Jersey,
and New York

17,000

26

October 1, 1953

International Longshore­
men's Association

7 States: Maryland,
Massachusetts, New
Jersey, New York,
Pennsylvania, and
Virginia

30,000

5

March 5, 1954

International Longshore­
men's Association

New Jersey and New
York

30,000

29

October 5, 1954

International Longshore­
men's Association

New Jersey and New
York

20,000

2

MARITIME
West Coast

East Coast

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 40.




28
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date of stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number of
workers
involved \J

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

MARITIME—Cont inued
East Coast--Continued
September 7, 1955

International Longshore­
men's Association

Port of New York
and other East
and Gulf Coast
ports

32,000

November 16, 1956

International Longshore­
men's Association

Port o f New York
and other East
and Gulf Coast
ports

60,000

October 1, 1959

International Longshore­
men's Association

East and Gulf Coast
ports

52,000

58/ 8

15,000

11

59/ 67

56/ 8

(57/)

A ll Coasts
June 16, 1951

National Maritime Union; East, West, and
American Radio Associa­
Gulf Coasts
tion ; Marine Engineers'
B eneficial Association

MEATPACKING
Meatpacking plants
March 16, 1948

United Packinghouse
Workers

21 States: Alabama,
C alifornia, Colo­
rado, Connecticut,
Georgia, I llin o is ,
Indiana,Iowa, Kan­
sas, Massachusetts,
Minnesota, Missou­
r i , Nebraska, New
Jersey, New York,
North Dakota, Ok­
lahoma, Texas,
Utah, Washington,
and Wisconsin

83,000

United Packinghouse
Workers

14 States: Alabama,
Colorado, Georgia,
Illinois^ Indiana,
Iowa, Kansas, Min­
nesota, Missouri,
Nebraska, New
Jersey, Oklahoma,
Texas, and Wis­
consin

30,000

Armour and Company and
Swift and Company
January 2, 1952

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 40.




(60/)

29
Work stoppages involving 1 0 , 0 0 0 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date of stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number of
workers
involved \J

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

MEAT PACKING--Continued
Swift and Company
September 20, 1956

United Packinghouse
Workers; Amalgamated
Meat Cutters and
Butcher Workmen

26 States: Alabama,
C alifornia, Colo­
rado, Connecticut,
Florida, Georgia,
I llin o is , Indiana,
Iowa, Louisiana,
Maryland, Massa­
chusetts, Michi­
gan, Minnesota,
M ississippi, Ne­
braska, New
Jersey, New York,
Ohio, Oregon,
Pennsylvania,
South Dakota, Ten­
nessee, Texas,
Utah, and Wiscon­
sin

25,000

10

September 4, 1959

United Packinghouse
Workers; Amalgamated
Meat Cutters and
Butcher Workmen

31 States: Alabama,
C alifornia, Colo­
rado, Connecticut,
Florida, Georgia,
Idaho, I llin o is ,
Indiana, Iowa,
Louisiana, Mary­
land, Massachu­
setts, Michigan,
Minnesota, Mis­
sis sip p i, Mis­
souri, Nebraska,
New Jersey, New
Mexico, New York,
Ohio, Oklahoma,
Oregon, Pennsyl­
vania, South
Dakota, Tennessee,
Texas, Utah, West
V irginia, and
Wisconsin

18,000

51

International Brother­
hood o f Teamsters

New York and
northern New
Jersey

16,000

(61/)

MOTOR TRANSPORT
Trucking companies
September 1, 1948

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 40.




30
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number of
workers
involved 1/

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

MOTOR TRANSPORT.-Continued
Trucking companies--Continued
February 1, 1952

International Brother­
hood o f Teamsters

14 States: Alabama,
Arkansas, Florida,
Georgia, Kansas,
Kentucky, L ouisi­
ana, M ississippi,
Missouri, Ohio,
Oklahoma, Ten­
nessee, Texas,
and Virginia

13,000

62/ 9

October 16, 1954

International Brother­
hood o f Teamsters

New Jersey and
New York

30,000

63/ 5

May 19, 1955

International Brotherhoood o f Teamsters

12 States: Arizona,
C alifornia, Colo­
rado, Idaho, Mon­
tana, Nevada, New
Mexico, Oregon,
Texas, Utah, Wash­
ington, and
Wyoming

29,000

24

June 14, 1955 64/

International Brother­
hood o f Teamsters

14 States: Connecti­
cut, Georgia, Maine,
Maryland,Massachu­
se tts, New Hamp­
shire, New Jersey,
New York, Ohio,
Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, South
Carolina, Vermont,
and Virginia

20,000

44

August 11, 1958

International Brother­
hood o f Teamsters

11 States: Arizona,
C alifornia, Colo­
rado, Idaho, Mon­
tana, Nevada, New
Mexico, Oregon,
Utah, Washington,
and Wyoming

30,000

37

17,000

(65/)

OIL AND GAS
Oil companies
September 4, 1948

Oil Workers International California
Union

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 40




31
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number o f
workers
involved X /

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

OIL AND GAS—Continued
Oil and natural gas companies
April 30, 1952

Oil Workers International 23 States: Arkansas,
Union; Central States
Colorado, Connecti­
Petroleum Union (Ind.)
cut, I llin o is , In­
diana, Kansas,
Louisiana, Massa­
chusetts, Michigan,
Missouri, Montana,
New Jersey, New
Mexico, New York,
Ohio, Oklahoma,
Pennsylvania,
Texas, Utah, Vir­
ginia, Washington,
West Virginia,
and Wyoming

58,000

66/ 32

Brotherhood o f Loco­
motive Engineers;
Order o f Railway
Conductors; Botherhood o f Railroad
Trainmen; Brother­
hood o f Locomotive
Firemen and Enginemen

6 States: I llin o is ,
Indiana, Iowa,
Michigan, Missou­
r i, and Ohio

10,000

8

Brotherhood o f Locomotive Engineers;
Order o f Railway
Conductors; Brother­
hood o f Railroad
Trainmen; Brother­
hood o f Locomotive
Firemen and Enginemen

9 States: Arkansas,
Colorado, Illin o is ,
Kansas, Louisiana,
Missouri, Nebraska,
Oklahoma, and
Tennessee

27,000

44

RAILROADS
Wabash Railroad Company
March 15, 1949

Missouri P acific Railroad
Company
September 9, 1949

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 40.




32
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date of stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­ Approxi­
mate
mate
number of duration
workers (calendar
involved 1/ days) 2/

RAILROADS- -Cont inued
Pennsylvania Railroad Company;
New York Central Railroad
Company; Southern Railway
Company; Atchison, Topeka,
and Santa Fe Railroad; Union
P acific Railroad
May 10, 1950

Brotherhood o f Locomotive 27 States: Alabama,
Arizona, C a lifor­
Firemen and Enginemen
nia, Colorado,
Delaware, D istrict,
of Columbia, Geor­
gia, I llin o is , Indi ana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky,
Maryland, Michigan,
Missouri, New
Jersey, New Mexico,
New York, North
Carolina, Ohio,
Oklahoma, Pennsyl­
vania, South
Carolina, Tennes­
see, Texas, Vir­
ginia, and West
Virginia

175,000

7

59,000

14

Chicago, Rock Island, and
P acific Railroad Company;
Great Northern Railway
Company; Chicago Great
Western Railway Company;
Denver and Rio Grande
Western Railroad Company;
Western P acific Railroad
Company
June 25, 1950

See footnotes on p. 38




Switchmen's Union o f
North America

33 States: Arizona,
Arkansas, C a lifornia, Colorado, Dis­
t r ic t o f Columbia,
Georgia, Idaho, In ­
diana, Iowa, I llin o is ,
Kansas, Louisiana,
Massachusetts, Mich­
igan, Minnesota,
Missouri, Montana,
Nebraska, Nevada, New
Mexico, New York,
North Carolina, North
Dakota, Ohio, Okla­
homa, Oregon, Pennsyl­
vania, South Dakota,
Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
Washington, and
Wisconsin

33
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947--59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approximate
number o f
workers
involved XJ

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

RAILROADS- -Cont inued
Railroad terminals
December 13, 1950

Brotherhood o f Railroad
Trainmen

12 States: Alabama,
D istrict o f Co­
lumbia, I llin o is ,
Indiana, Michigan,
Missouri, North
Carolina, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, Ten­
nessee, Texas, and
Virginia

10,000

3

Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen

Nationwide

70,000

67/ 12

Brotherhood o f Locomotive 11 States: I llin o is ,
Indiana, Kentucky,
Engineers; Brotherhood
Massachusetts,
o f Locomotive Firemen
and Enginemen; Order of
Michigan, Missouri,
New Jersey, New
Railway Conductors
York, Ohio, Penn­
sylvania, and
West Virginia

41,000

68/ 4

10 nonoperating unions

24,000

58

10,000

25

Railroads, nationwide
January 30, 1951

New York Central Railroad
Company; Terminal Railroad
Association o f St. Louis
March 9, 1952

L ouisville and Nashville
Railroad Company and
subsidiaries
March 14, 1955

14 States: Alabama,
Florida, Georgia,
I llin o is , Indiana,
Kentucky, Louisi­
ana, M ississippi,
Missouri, North
Carolina, Ohio,
South Carolina,
Tennessee, and
Virginia

Railway Express Agency, Inc.
September 19, 1947

Int e rna t iona1 Brotherhood New Jersey and New
York
o f Teamsters

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 40.




34
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59--Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number of
workers
involved 1/

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

RUBBER
Firestone Tire and Rubber
Company
August 27, 1953

United Rubber Workers

7 States: California,
Indiana, Iowa,
Massachusetts,
Ohio, Pennsylvania,
and Tennessee

25,000

4

August 13, 1954

United Rubber Workers

7 States: California,
Indiana, Iowa,
Massachusetts,
Ohio, Pennsylvania,
and Tennessee

21,000

23

November 1, 1956

United Rubber Workers

7 States: California,
Indiana, Iowa,
Massachusetts,
Ohio, Pennsylvania,
and Tennessee

21,000

18

April 16, 1959

United Rubber Workers

7 States: California,
Indiana, Iowa,
Massachusetts,
Ohio, Pennsylvania,
and Tennessee

19,000

60

August 27, 1949

United Rubber Workers

7 States: Alabama,
C alifornia, Michi­
gan, Ohio, Okla­
homa, Pennsylvania,
and Tennessee

15,000

35

February 26, 1952

United Rubber Workers

Akron, Ohio

69/ 15,000

39

August 18, 1952

United Rubber Workers

8 States: Alabama,
C alifornia, Michi­
gan, New Jersey,
Ohio, Oklahoma,
Pennsylvania, and
Tennessee

16,000

13

April 1, 1957

United Rubber Workers

8 States: Alabama,
C alifornia, Michi­
gan, New Jersey,
Ohio, Oklahoma,
Pennsylvania, and
Tennessee

14,000

15

April 16, 1959

United Rubber Workers

7 States: Alabama,
C alifornia, New
Jersey, Ohio, Ok­
lahoma, Pennsyl­
vania, and
Tennessee

13,000

55

B. F. Goodrich Company

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 40.




35
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59—Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number o f
workers
involved \J

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

RUBBER- -Continued
Goodyear Tire and Rubber
Company
April 7, 1948

United Robber Workers

Akron, Ohio

10,000

4

March 28, 1952

United Rubber Workers

Akron, Ohio

16,000

8

July 8, 1954

United Rubber Workers

9 States: Alabama,
C alifornia, In­
diana, Kansas,
Massachusetts,
Michigan, Ne­
braska, Ohio,
and Vermont

22,000

51

April 2, 1953

United Rubber Workers

11 States: C a lifor­
nia, Connecticut,
I llin o is , Indiana,
Massachusetts,
Michigan, New
Jersey, Pennsyl­
vania, Rhode Is ­
land, Tennessee,
and Wisconsin

36,000

2

April 1, 1955

United Rubber Workers

11 States: C a lifor­
nia, Connecticut,
I llin o is , Indiana,
Massachusetts,
Michigan, New
Jersey, Pennsyl­
vania, Rhode I s ­
land, Tennessee,
and Wisconsin

33,000

7

April 10, 1959

United Rubber Workers

11 States: C a lifor­
nia, Connecticut,
I llin o is , Indiana,
Massachusetts,
Michigan, New
Jersey, Pennsyl­
vania, Rhode I s ­
land, Tennesseeand Wisconsin

25,000

22

United States Rubber
Company

SHIPBUILDING
June 26, 1947

August 24, 1959

International Union of
Atlantic and Gulf
Marine and Ship­
Coasts and San
building Workers
Pedro, C a lif.
International Association 3 States: C a lifor­
nia, Oregon, and
o f Machinists; Brother­
hood o f Carpenters and
Washington
Joiners; P acific Coast
Metal Trades Council

See footnotes on pp. 38, 40, and 41




50,000
10,000

(70/)
71/ 59

36
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947-59—Continued

Indus t ry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved 17

Location(s)

ApproxiApproxi­
mate
mate
number o f
duration
workers
(calendar
involved^ 1/
days) 2/

SHOE MANUFACTURING
International Shoe Company
November 7, 1955

United Shoe Workers o f
America; Boot and Shoe
Workers Union

6 States: Arkansas,
I llin o is , Indi­
ana, Kentucky,
Missouri, and
Tennessee

October 1, 1949

United Steelworkers

April 29, 1952

23,000

26

Nationwide

500,000

(72/)

United Steelworkers

Nationwide

560,000

73/ 59

July 1, 1955

United Steelworkers

Nationwide

400,000

74/

July 1, 1956

United Steelworkers

Nationwide

500,000

75/ 36

July 15, 1959

United Steelworkers

Nationwide

519,000

116

Brotherhood o f Locomotive Pittsburgh, Pa., area 76/ 23,000
Engineers; Brotherhood
o f Railroad Trainmen

9

STEEL
Industry, nationwide

2

United States Steel Cor­
poration subsidiaries
Union Railroad Company and
Carnegie I llin o is Steel
Corporation
September 5, 1947

Tennessee Coal, Iron and
Railroad Company
August 12, 1950

United Steelworkers

Birmingham, Ala., area

15,000

7

February 22, 1951

United Steelworkers

Birmingham, Ala., area

18,000

13

October 23, 1951

United Steelworkers

Birmingham, Ala, area

25,000

21

July 29, 1955

United Steelworkers

Birmingham, Ala., area

21,000

14

April 28, 1956

Brotherhood of Locomotive Birmingham, Ala., area
Firemen and
Enginemen 77/

21,000

98

78/ 27,000

4

Union Railroad Company
March 30, 1953

Brotherhood of Railroad
Trainmen

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 41.




Pittsburgh, Pa

37
Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, selected companies
and associations, 1947 -59—Continued

Industry, company, and
beginning date o f stoppage

Union(s) involved 1/

Location(s)

Approxi­
mate
number of
workers
involved 1/

Approxi­
mate
duration
(calendar
days) 2/

TEXTILES
Woolen and worsted m ills
February 16, 1951

Textile Workers Union

11 States: Connecti­
cut, Georgia, Ken­
tucky, Maine, Mas­
sachusetts, New
Hampshire, New Jer­
sey, New York,
Pennsylvania,
Rhode Island, and
Vermont

48,000

Fall River Loom Fixers
Union; Slashers and
Knot Tiers Association

Fall River area,
Mass.

10,500

Textile Workers Union

7 States: Alabama,
Georgia, Louisi­
ana, North Caro­
lina, South
Carolina, Tennes­
see, and Virginia

40,000 80/ 122

Textile Workers Union

3 States: Massachu­
setts, New Jersey,
and New York

12,000 81/ 80

Textile Workers Union

4 States: Maine,
Massachusetts,
Rhode Island, and
Vermont

19,000 82/ 90

Textile Workers Union

3 States: New Jersey,
New York, and
Pennsylvania

12,000

79 /

74

Fall River Textile
Manufacturers' Association
March 16, 1951

2

Cotton and rayon m ills
April 1, 1951

Carpet and rug manufacturers
June 2, 1952

Cotton and synthetic
te x tile m ills
April 16, 1955

Silk and rayon dyeing,
finishing, and printing
companies
October 5, 1959

See footnotes on pp. 38 and 41.




4

38
FOOTNOTES:

1/

The u n io n s l i s t e d a r e th o s e d i r e c t l y in v o lv e d in th e d i s p u t e , b u t
th e number o f w ork ers i n ­
v o lv e d may in c lu d e members o f o th e r u n io n s o r nonunion w ork ers i d l e d
by d is p u t e s in th e same e s t a b ­
lis h m e n ts .
W orkers in v o lv e d i s th e maximum number made i d l e f o r 1 s h i f t o r lo n g e r in e s t a b lis h m e n t s d i ­
r e c t l y in v o lv e d in a s to p p a g e . T h is f i g u r e d oes n o t m easure th e i n d i r e c t or se c o n d a ry e f f e c t s on o th e r
e s t a b lis h m e n t s o r i n d u s t r i e s
whose em ployees a r e made i d l e as a r e s u l t o f m a t e r i a l o r s e r v i c e s h o r t ­
ages .
2/
In c lu d e s nonw orkdays, such as S a tu r d a y s , S undays, and e s t a b l i s h e d h o l i d a y s .
3/
T o t a l le n g t h o f s to p p a g e ; some w ork ers re tu r n e d t o t h e i r jo b s d u r in g s trik e ^ and company a l s o
h ir e d r e p la c e m e n ts .
4/
A p p ro x im a te ly 200 o f
th e w orkers
in v o lv e d in t h i s
work s to p p a g e were
r e p r e s e n te d
by th e
U n ite d W e ld e rs o f
Am erica ( I n d . ) ;
th e rem ain d er w ere r e p r e s e n te d by
th e U n ite d A u to m o b ile W o rk e rs.
The t o t a l number i d l e d e c lin e d as th e sto p p a g e c o n tin u e d and w ork ers r e tu r n e d
to t h e ir jo b s .
By th e
end o f th e s t r i k e a p p r o x im a te ly h a l f o f th e w ork ers had r e tu r n e d .
5/
A p p ro x im a te ly 1 ,5 0 0 members o f th e A ir L in e P i l o t s A s s o c i a t i o n sto p p e d work a t Am erican A i r ­
l i n e s on December 2 0 , 1 9 5 8 .
On January 4 , 1 9 5 9 , th e company fu r lo u g h e d an a d d i t i o n a l 2 0 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s .
T h is sto p p a g e has n o t
been in c lu d e d
in th e t a b le o f m ajor
s to p p a g e s in e i t h e r
1 9 5 8 o r 195 9 annual
b u lle tin .
6/
Aluminum Company of Am erica reach ed agreem ent on August 9, and R eynolds M e ta ls Co. on August 2 5 .
7/
M ost w orkers
i d l e 2 d a y s ; 3 ,0 0 0
w ork ers f o r
5 d a y s ; 500
i d l e f o r a p p r o x im a te ly 2 m onths.
8/
The maximum number o f w orkers were i d l e from March 5 t o 12 o n l y . P r io r t o t h i s p e r i o d , s e v ­
e r a l thousand w orkers w ere i d l e in New York and P e n n s y lv a n ia ; s u b s e q u e n t ly , v a r y in g number o f w ork ers
rem ained i d l e
in New J e r s e y , New Y o rk , and P e n n sy lv a n ia due to i n a b i l i t y o f
in d i v i d u a l com panies to
re a c h agreem ent on l o c a l i s s u e s .
9/
I n t e r m i t t e n t id l e n e s s o f o n ly 4 d a y s .
10/
The s t r i k e o c c u rr e d on th e weekends o f A p r i l 1 3 -1 4 and 2 0 - 2 1 d u r in g w hich
th e em p loyees r e ­
fu s e d t o work o v e r tim e .
11/
A number of i n d i v i d u a l p la n t sto p p a g e s i n v o lv in g p r o d u c tio n w ork ers o c c u rr e d d u r in g th e l a t t e r
p a r t o f th e y e a r , none
o f w hich in v o lv e d 1 0 ,0 0 0 o r more w o r k e r s .
U n lik e th e Ford and G e n e ra l M otors
s i t u a t i o n s , th e s e p la n t s to p p a g e s d id n o t ap p ear t o flo w d i r e c t l y ou t o f a companywide d is p u t e on th e
term s o f
th e m a ste r a g re e m e n t.
A c c o rd in g t o
Bureau r e c o r d s , few er than
1 0 ,0 0 0 C h r y s le r p r o d u c tio n
w orkers w ere on s t r i k e f o r a f u l l s h i f t a t any one tim e .
12/
M ost o f
th e w orkers in v o lv e d were
i d l e abou t 2 d a y s , b ut s e v e r a l
thousand were i d l e a few
days p r e c e d in g and f o llo w i n g th e peak i d l e n e s s .
13/
Agreem ent reach ed on m a ste r c o n t r a c t
Septem ber 1 7 .
Stop p age c o n tin u e d a t p la n t
le v e l over
lo c a l is s u e s .
14/
Agreem ent reach ed on m a ste r c o n t r a c t O c to b e r 8 . S topp age c o n tin u e d a t p la n t l e v e l o v e r l o c a l
is s u e s .
15/
Agreem ent reach ed on m a ste r c o n t r a c t O c to b e r 2 . Stop p age c o n tin u e d a t p la n t l e v e l o v e r l o c a l
is s u e s .
16/
Some w orkers ou t o n ly 2 o r 3 d a y s .
17/
M ost w orkers i d l e n o t more than 3 w ork in g d a y s .
18/
Between June 2 3 - 2 7 , more than
2 0 0 ,0 0 0 sto p p e d work a l l e g e d l y in p r o t e s t
a g a in s t p a s s a g e o f
th e Labor Management R e la t i o n s A ct by C o n g r e s s . June 28 th rou gh J u ly 7 was th e sc h e d u le d in d u stry w id e
v a c a t io n p e r i o d .
On June 3 0 , th e m in e s, o p e r a te d
by th e Government s in c e May 1 9 4 6 , w ere re tu r n e d to
p r iv a te c o n tr o l.
A f t e r th e sc h e d u le d v a c a t i o n , m ost m in e rs were i d l e
from J u ly 8 - 1 1 u n t i l c o n t r a c t s
w ith o p e r a to r were sig n e d and r a t i f i e d .
19/
T h is s t r i k e o f
b it u m in o u s -c o a l m in ers in I l l i n o i s was in d ep en d en t o f th e s t r i k e o f UMWA r e ­
fe r r e d to in fo o tn o te 2 3 .
20/
The s t r i k e began a t 4 m ines o f Jones and L a u g h lin S t e e l C o ., i d l i n g
abou t 3 ,0 0 0 w o rk e r s , on
Septem ber 2 .
I t sp re a d t o m ines o f o th e r com panies on Septem ber 8 , in v o lv in g a t o t a l o f 1 0 ,0 0 0 o th e r
w ork ers.
21/
The s t r i k e
began a t s e v e r a l
Illin o is
m ines
on O c to b e r 1 3 .
By O c to b e r 1 6 , a p p r o x im a te ly
1 0 0 ,0 0 0
w orkers
were i d l e .
The s t r i k e c o n tin u e d to sp re a d
and reach ed
n a tio n w id e
p r o p o r tio n s on
O c to b e r 2 0 , in v o lv in g 2 7 0 ,0 0 0 m in e r s .
22/
Agreem ents re ach e d by m id -J u ly c o v e r in g m ost w o r k e r s .
23/
A p p ro x im a te ly 4 0 0 ,0 0 0 a n t h r a c i t e and b it u m in o u s -c o a l m in e rs were i d l e
from Septem ber 19 to
O c to b e r 3 . On t h a t d a te a l l a n t h r a c i t e m in ers and a p p r o x im a te ly 20,000 b it u m in o u s -c o a l m in ers employed
in m ines w e st o f th e M i s s i s s i p p i were ord e re d
back t o w ork.
On November 9 , th e re m a in in g m iners r e ­
tu rn ed to work d u rin g a 3-w eek t r u c e .
F o llo w in g th e t r u c e , ab ou t 3 0 0 ,0 0 0 b it u m in o u s -c o a l m in ers were
i d l e on December 1 and 2, and f u r t h e r sto p p a g e s a l s o d e v e lo p e d in January and F ebruary 1 9 5 0 .
24/
M ajo r p o r t io n o f s t r i k e ended by May 2 0 ; some com panies s e t t l e d e a r l i e r and s e v e r a l n o t u n t i l
th e l a s t week in May.
25/
A l a r g e r number o f w orkers was id l e d
f o r l e s s than a f u l l s h i f t as th e r e s u l t o f the i n t e r ­
m it t e n t p i c k e t i n g te c h n iq u e u sed by th e Comm unications W orkers o f Am erica in t h i s s to p p a g e .




39
FOOTNOTES *— Cont inued
26/
A la r g e r number o f w orkers was id l e d
f o r l e s s th a n a f u l l s h i f t as th e r e s u l t o f th e i n t e r ­
m i t t e n t p ic k e t i n g te c h n iq u e used by th e Com m unications W orkers o f A m erica in t h i s s to p p a g e . A m a jo r it y
o f th e
1 5 0 ,0 0 0 w orkers in v o lv e d
fo r a f u l l s h i ft
o r more r e tu r n e d
to t h e i r jo b s by A p r i l 20 a f t e r
m ajor agreem ents were r e a c h e d .
27/
The com panies
and
th e u n io n reach ed agreem ent on th e
f o llo w i n g d a t e s : M ic h ig a n B e ll T e l e ­
phone C o .,
A p r il 1 1 ;
Ohio B e l l T elep h on e C o .,
A p ril 14;
New J e r s e y B e l l T elep h on e C o .,
A p r il 15;
W e ste rn E l e c t r i c C o ., I n s t a l l a t i o n D i v i s i o n , A p r i l 1 9 ; P a c i f i c T elep h on e and T e le g ra p h C o ., A p r i l 2 0 ;
B e l l T elep h on e L a b o r a t o r i e s , A p r i l 2 3 ; W e ste rn E l e c t r i c Co., Q ueensboro S hop s, M a n u fa c tu r in g D i v i s i o n ,
A p r i l 2 4 ; W e ste rn E l e c t r i c C o ., S a le s D i v i s i o n , A p r i l 2 5 .
28/
In c lu d e s
a p p r o x im a te ly 1 0 0 ,0 0 0
em p loyees o f
o p e r a t in g te le p h o n e
com panies who r e s p e c te d
p ic k e t l i n e s o f th e W e stern E l e c t r i c Co. te le p h o n e equipm ent i n s t a l l e r s .
29/
P ic k e t l i n e s e s t a b l i s h e d by ab ou t 7,000 p la n t and a c c o u n tin g d ep artm ent e m p lo y e e s ,r e p r e s e n te d
by th e T elep h on e W orkers Union o f New J e r s e y ( I n d . ) , w ere r e s p e c t e d
by members o f th e Comm unications
W orkers o f Am erica employed by New J e r s e y B e l l T elep h on e Co. and W e ste rn E l e c t r i c Co.
30/
The peak p e r io d o f i d l e n e s s d id n o t b e g in u n t i l Septem ber 16 when th e s t r i k e was sc h e d u le d by
th e u n io n .
However, a s i g n i f i c a n t number o f w ork ers was i d l e d u r in g th e p r e c e d in g w eek.
31/
A lth o u g h
th e sto p p a g e began May 6 , a m a jo r it y o f
th e w ork ers in v o lv e d were
i d l e o n ly from
May 12 t o May 2 7 ; s m a lle r numbers o f w orkers w ere i d l e b e fo r e and. a f t e r t h e s e d a t e s .
32/
Members o f
th e L a b o r e r s ' Union sto p p e d
work on June 3 .
A week
l a t e r a p p r o x im a te ly 3 0 ,0 0 0
b u i l d i n g -t r a d e s w orkers w ere i d l e .
The A s s o c i a t e d G e n e ra l C o n tr a c to r s o f A m e ric a , I n c . , N o rth e rn and
C e n t r a l C a l i f o r n i a C h a p te r s, c a l l e d
on members
in th e a r e a t o s t o p a l l
c o n s t r u c t io n work e f f e c t i v e
w ith
th e c l o s e o f work on June 23 b e ca u se o f
th e l a b o r e r s ' s t r i k e a g a in s t some o f i t s members.
Ap­
p r o x im a te ly 6 0 ,0 0 0 w orkers were i d l e by l a t e J une.
33/
I d le n e s s in c r e a s e d g r a d u a lly from
abou t 3 ,0 0 0 w ork ers on June 20 to abou t 8 ,0 0 0 on June 2 8 .
On June 2 9 , 1 6 ,0 0 0 w orkers were id l e d when members o f 4 c o n t r a c t o r s ' a s s o c i a t i o n s sh u t down c o n s t r u c ­
t i o n p r o j e c t s on w hich o p e r a tin g e n g in e e r s were em p loyed .
34/
About a t h i r d o f th e w orkers i d l e th e e n t i r e p e r i o d ;
th e re m ain in g t w o -t h i r d s i d l e th e l a s t
3 weeks o f
th e s to p p a g e .
D isp u te o f s e v e r a l hundred a s b e s t o s w ork ers id l e d in
o r i g i n a l c o n tr o v e r s y
u n s e t t le d f o r 2 days a f t e r m ajor s e t t l e m e n t s .
35/
S e ttle m e n ts
in v o lv in g
s u b s ta n tia l
numbers
o f w ork ers
were reach ed
May 2 9 , June 1 6 , and
J u ly 1 4 .
36/
A m a jo r it y o f
th e w orkers
in v o lv e d re tu r n e d
to t h e i r jo b s
June 15
but s e v e r a l
thousand
w ork ers were i d l e u n t i l June 1 9 .
37/
15 o f th e u n ion s
in v o lv e d reached agreem ent by May 8; A s b e s to s W orkers on May 1 4 ; P la s t e r e r s
and L a th e rs on May 1 6 ; Plumbers on May 2 9 ; B r ic k la y e r s on June 9 .
38/
About 300 w orkers in N ia g a r a F a l l s reached agreem ent on June 2 9 .
39/
A m a jo r it y o f
th e w ork ers r e tu r n e d
to work June 18
a f t e r C a rp e n te rs and
Cement F in is h e r s
reach ed agreem ent w ith
th e c o n t r a c t o r s .
O ther c r a f t s re tu r n e d
betw een June 18 and J u ly 3 as a g r e e ­
ments w ere r e a c h e d .
40/
About
1 ,0 0 0 s t e a m f i t t e r s
sto p p e d work May 1 on some 35
c o n s t r u c t io n j o b s ;
t h i s s to p p a g e
i d l e d abou t 3 ,0 0 0 o th e r b u i l d i n g - t r a d e s w o r k e r s . The B u ild in g T rad e s C o u n c i l 's 2 -d a y p r o t e s t sto p p a g e
in c r e a s e d
th e i d l e n e s s to a p p r o x im a te ly 2 0 ,0 0 0 w ork ers on May 1 1 .
The s t e a m f i t t e r s c o n tin u e d
th e ir
sto p p a g e u n t i l May 2 5 .
41/
The un ion s e t t l e d w ith
C o n tin e n ta l Can Co. on January 5 , 1 9 5 4 , and w ith Am erican Can Co. on
J anuary 1 2 , 1 9 5 4 .
The agreem ents
p ro v id e d a
1 5 -c e n t h o u r ly
"p a c k a g e "
in c lu d in g an
8 % -c e n t b a s ic
wage i n c r e a s e .
42/
W orkers re tu r n e d
t o t h e i r jo b s
a fte r r a tific a tio n of
agreem en ts as f o l l o w s :
P helps Dodge
C o r p ., August 4 ;
Am erican S m e ltin g and R e fin in g C o ., A ugust 1 1 -1 4 ; K en n e cott Copper C o rp ., A ugust
17.
43/
M ajor u n io n s ; o th e r u n io n s in v o lv e d : I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n o f M a c h in is t s ; B rotherhood o f
L ocom otiv e Firem en and Enginemen; B rotherh ood o f R ailw ay Carmen; I n t e r n a t i o n a l B rotherh ood o f E l e c t r i c a l
W o rk e r s; O p e ra tin g E n g in e e r s ; O f f i c e E m p loyees; O rder o f R ailw ay C ond uctors and Brakemen.
44/
S e ttle m e n t reached w ith U n ite d S te e lw o r k e r s November 2 2 ; o p e r a t io n s resumed a t U tah s m e lte r s
and r e f i n e r i e s November 23 u n t i l December 1, when 2 r a i l r o a d u n ion s e s t a b l i s h e d p ic k e t l i n e s w hich th e
S te e lw o r k e r s r e fu s e d
to c r o s s ; o p e r a t io n s resumed December 2 6 , when th e r a i l r o a d u n io n s ' d i f f e r e n c e s
w ere s e t t l e d .
O p e ra tio n s resumed
December 29 on a l i m i t e d s c a l e in A r iz o n a , New M e x ic o , and N evada,
f o llo w i n g agreem ent w ith
th e M in e , M i l l , and S m e lte r W o rk e rs, December 16 on
a m a ste r 18-m onth c o n ­
t r a c t and on l o c a l i s s u e s December 2 3 .
In U tah , o p e r a t io n s resumed January 2 9 , 1 9 6 0 .
45/
About 2 ,2 0 0 dayw orkers in th e E a st P it ts b u r g h and Homewood, P a., p la n t s o f th e company stop p ed
w o r k lm A ugust 8 .
By th e f o llo w i n g w eek, ab ou t 1 0 ,0 0 0 w ork ers had
become i d l e a t th e s e p l a n t s .
The
s t r i k e assumed
la r g e r p r o p o r tio n s in th e secon d week o f
Septem ber when w ork ers a t 25 o th e r W e s t in g house p la n t s sto p p e d work in su p p o rt o f
th e em p loyees a t E ast P it t s b u r g h and Homewood, th u s i d l i n g a
t o t a l o f 4 4 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s .
46/
A p p ro x im a te ly 4 4 ,0 0 0 members o f th e CIO I n t e r n a t i o n a l Union o f E l e c t r i c a l , Radio and Machine
W orkers sto p p e d work a t 28 p la n t s on
O c to b e r 1 7 , 1 9 5 5 , and ab ou t 1 0 ,0 0 0 members o f
th e in d ep end ent
U n ite d E l e c t r i c a l W orkers
sto p p e d work in 10 p la n t s on O c to b e r 2 6 .
O ther w ork ers were fu rlo u g h e d a t
th e s tr u c k p la n ts , and by December 5 abou t 7 0 ,0 0 0 w ork ers were i d l e . The sto p p a g e ended in March 1 9 5 6 .




40
FOOTNOTES:— C ontin ued
47/
A p p ro x im a te ly
2 ,0 0 0 w ork ers
a t Auburn, N . Y . ,
went o u t on June 1 5 , and rem ained ou t
until
June 3 0 .
48/
The la r g e r segm ents o f
th e sto p p a g e d id n o t b e g in u n t i l A u g u st 1 8 .
However, 600 m a c h in is ts
(IA m7 ~ a t
th e L o u i s v i l l e , K y ., p la n t sto p p e d work on A ugust 1 6 , c l o s i n g th e p l a n t .
FE-UE ( I n d . ) s e t ­
t l e d Septem ber 1 8 ; IAM ( I n d . ) O c to b e r 1 ; and
th e UAW on November 4 , s u b je c t
to r a t i f i c a t i o n
by th e
u n io n members on November 8 .
49/
S everal
thousand w orkers
sto p p e d work on A ugust 19 and A ugust 22
b e fo r e th e b u lk o f
th e
w orkers s t r u c k on A ugust 2 3 .
The company and
th e u n ion reach ed agreem ent on Septem ber 1 7 , but r a t i ­
f i c a t i o n was n o t com p leted u n t i l Septem ber 1 9 .
50/
Agreem ent r a t i f i e d January 1 8 , 1 9 5 9 ,
by d is p u t in g l o c a l s o f U n ite d A u to m o b ile W o rk e r s,
and
work resumed on J anuary 1 9 , 1 9 5 9 .
51/
G la s s C o n ta in e r M a n u fa c tu r e r s ' I n s t i t u t e reach ed agreem ent on Septem ber 9 , N a t io n a l A s s o c i a ­
t i o n o f P re sse d and Blown G la ssw a re on Septem ber 2 8 .
52/
Stoppage a t
L ib b ey -O w e n s-F o rd G la s s C o .,
s e ttle d
O c to b e r 2 5 ;
P it ts b u r g h P la t e G la s s C o .,
sto p p a g e ended F ebruary 1 6 , 1 9 5 9 , w ith u n s e t t le d is s u e s to be s u b m itte d t o a r b i t r a t i o n .
As in p r e v io u s y e a r s , th e 2 com panies had s t a r t e d n e g o t i a t i o n s t o g e t h e r a n d 's t o p p a g e s began
a t th e same tim e . A lth o u g h th e d is p u t e s to o k d i f f e r e n t c o u r s e s and w ere s e t t l e d a lm o s t 4 months a p a r t,
th e y w ere
c o n s id e r e d as 1 s to p p a g e , f o r p u rp ose s o f
t h i s s t u d y , in th e i n t e r e s t o f c o n s i s t e n c y w ith
p ast p r a c tic e .
53/
By l a t e January a p p r o x im a te ly 8 ,0 0 0 w ork ers had r e tu r n e d ; o th e r s re tu r n e d abou t 2 weeks l a t e r .
54/
M ost o f
th e w orkers had re tu r n e d
to th e ir
jo b s by th e
end o f May a f t e r
s e t t le m e n t s were
re a ch e d w ith i n d i v i d u a l
e m p loyers o r em ployer groups on v a r io u s d a te s in May.
The l a s t s e t t le m e n t s
w ere reach ed on June 2 4 .
55/
A m a jo r i t y o f
th e w ork ers in v o lv e d
s to p p e d work on June 2 1 , a lth o u g h
sca tte re d
s to p p a g e s
o c c u rr e d in th e p r e c e d in g w eek.
M ost w orkers r e tu r n e d by Septem ber 1 3 .
56/
The s t r i k e
l a s t e d 8 days
in th e P ort o f
New Y o rk .
M ost o th e r p o r t s a f f e c t e d
had s t r i k e s
l a s t i n g 1 t o 2 d a y s , Septem ber 13 and Septem ber 1 4 .
57/
W orkers a t a l l p o r t s r e tu r n e d
t o t h e i r jo b s
on November 24 a f t e r a U n ite d S t a t e s D i s t r i c t
C ourt is s u e d a 1 0 -d a y
r e s tr a in in g order
under p r o v is i o n s o f
th e Labor-M anagem ent R e la t io n s
(T a ftH a r t le y ) A c t .
S e ttle m e n ts w ere re ach e d a t S ou thern and G u lf C o ast P o r ts b e fo r e th e 8 0 -d a y i n ju n c t i o n
e x p ire d .
On F ebruary 1 2 , 1 9 5 7 , a f t e r t h i s
i n ju n c t i o n e x p i r e d , some 3 5 ,0 0 0 longshorem en
in A t l a n t i c
p o r t s from Maine t o V i r g i n i a l e f t t h e i r jo b s a g a in . F in a l s e t t le m e n t was re ach e d on F ebruary 2 2 ,1 9 5 7 .
58/
W orkers a t a l l p o r t s r e tu r n e d
to t h e i r jo b s O c to b e r 9 , a f t e r a U n ite d S t a t e s D i s t r i c t Court
is s u e d a 1 0 -d a y r e s t r a i n i n g o r d e r
under p r o v is i o n s o f
th e Labor-M anagem ent R e la t io n s ( T a f t - H a r t l e y )
A c t.
59/
S e ttle m e n ts reach ed w ith S w i f t , Armour, and Cudahy p la n t s
on May 2 1 .
S topp age c o n tin u e d a t
W ils o n p la n t s u n t i l June 5 .
60/
T h is s t r i k e c o n s i s t e d o f a s e r i e s of s p o r a d ic s to p p a g e s in v a r io u s p la n t s sp re a d o v e r a 3 3 -d a y
p e r i o d ; th e number o f w orkers i d l e v a r ie d w id e ly from day to d a y .
61/
A p p ro x im a te ly 1 0 ,0 0 0 New York tr u c k d r iv e r s and h e lp e r s i d l e d Septem ber 1, ,w i t h th e New J e r s e y
w orkers g o in g ou t on Septem ber 7 . On Septem ber 1 8 , i n d i v i d u a l com panies began t o s ig n s e p a r a te a g r e e ­
m ents w ith th e u n io n .
62/
Agreem ents c o v e r in g a m a jo r it y o f th e w ork ers in v o lv e d in th e s t r i k e w ere s ig n e d by F ebruary 5 .
In th e so u th w estern S t a t e s , how ever, th e s t r i k e la s t e d u n t i l F ebru ary 9 .
63/
M ost w ork ers r e tu r n e d
by O c to b e r 2 1 .
However, ab ou t 1 ,0 0 0 t r u c k d r iv e r s
in th e Trenton -N ew
Brunsw ick a r e a in New J e r s e y d id n o t r e tu r n u n t i l l a t e November.
64/
The sto p p a g e
began June 14
in C o n n e c tic u t, M a s s a c h u s e t t s ,
and Rhode I s l a n d and
g r a d u a lly
sp re a d to o p e r a t io n s o f th e com panies in v o lv e d in 11 o th e r e a s t e r n S t a t e s .
65/
F i r s t s e t t le m e n t s w it h i n d i v i d u a l com panies w ere reach ed abou t November 4 ; o th e r s e t t le m e n t s
l a t e r in Novem ber.
About 1 ,6 0 0 em ployees o f one company s t i l l on s t r i k e a t th e end o f D ecember.
66/
About 90 p e r c e n t o f
th e w ork ers in v o lv e d i n th e sto p p a g e had r e tu r n e d
t o t h e i r jo b s by th e
end o f May. The m ajor ag reem en ts w ere reach ed d u r in g th e l a s t 2 weeks o f May; th e l a s t s e t t le m e n t was
re a ch e d in th e f i r s t week o f A u g u st.
67/
A b a c k -to -w o r k movement
began on F ebruary 6 in s e v e r a l e a s t e r n c i t i e s .
O ther w ork ers
com­
p l i e d w ith an Army d i r e c t i v e , is s u e d F ebruary 8 , 1 9 5 1 , w hich
o r d e re d them t o r e tu r n t o
t h e i r jo b s
w it h i n 4 8 h ou rs o r fa c e d i s m i s s a l and l o s s o f s e n i o r i t y r i g h t s .
68/
M ost w orkers r e tu r n e d to t h e i r jo b s on March 12, b ut em p loyees o f th e New York C e n t r a l System
in ToTedo, O h io , and E lk h a r t , I n d ia n a , d id n o t r e tu r n u n t i l March 1 3 .
69/
T h is f i g u r e r e p r e s e n t s th e number o f w ork ers i d l e on F ebruary 2 8, when p r o d u c tio n w ork ers o b ­
se rv e d p ic k e t
l i n e s e s t a b l i s h e d by o f f i c e w o r k e r s .
P r io r and su b se q u e n t
to t h i s d a te th e number o f
i d l e w orkers f lu c t u a t e d b etw een s e v e r a l hundred and abou t 1 0 ,0 0 0 u n t i l th e sto p p a g e ended on A p r i l 4 .
70/
About 2 5 ,0 0 0 sto p p e d work June 2 6 ; an a d d i t i o n a l 2 5 ,0 0 0 went o u t J u ly 1 . Some com panies s e t ­
t l e d d u r in g J u ly , A u g u st, and S eptem ber. Agreem ent c o v e r in g m ost Bethlehem S t e e l y a rd s was reach ed by
November 7 . The l a s t p la n t s t o s e t t l e w ere th e P a ta p sco Scrap C orp . (a s u b s id i a r y o f Bethlehem S t e e l )
a t F a i r f i e l d , Md. (November 1 6 ) , and
th e San P ed ro, C a l i f . , p la n t o f
B ethlehem S t e e l (December 2 4 ) .




41
FOOTNOTES:— Cont inued
71/
M ost com panies s e t t l e d O c to b e r 1 4 , e x c e p t in W ash in gto n where abou t 2 ,5 0 0 w ork ers
w ere i d l e
u n t i l O c to b e r 2 1 .
72/
F i r s t m ajor
s e t t le m e n t o c c u rr e d on O c to b e r 31 w ith
Bethlehem S t e e l C o ., in v o lv in g a p p r o x i­
m a te ly 8 0 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s .
O th er s e t t le m e n t s w ith m ajor com panies w ere reach ed
th rou gh November 1 1 .
By
December 1 o n ly 4 5 ,0 0 0 w orkers w ere s t i l l on s t r i k e .
73/
The s t r i k e began A p r i l 2 9 , 1 9 5 2 , when U .S . D i s t r i c t Court Judge D avid A. Pine r u le d t h a t th e
P r e s i d e n t 's s e i z u r e o f
th e s t e e l m i l l s on A p r i l 8 was i l l e g a l .
The u n ion ord e re d th e w ork ers t o r e ­
tu r n t o t h e i r j o b s , on May 2 , in re sp o n se
to th e P r e s i d e n t 's a p p e a l a f t e r
th e U .S . Court o f A p p e a ls
f o r th e
D i s t r i c t o f Colum bia had r e s t o r e d
F ed eral c o n tr o l o f
th e m i l l s , p end ing a d e c i s i o n
by th e
U .S . Supreme C o u r t.
The u n io n o rd e re d th e w orkers to s t r i k e a g a in on June 2 , im m e d ia te ly a f t e r th e
U .S . Supreme
Court h e ld , in a 6 to 3 d e c i s i o n , t h a t th e P r e s id e n t had exceed ed h is c o n s t i t u t i o n a l a u t h o r i t y o r d e r in g
s e i z u r e o f th e s t e e l i n d u s t r y .
The u n io n and 6 m ajor s t e e l c o m p a n ie s --U n ite d S t a t e s S t e e l , B eth lehem , R e p u b lic , Jones
and
L a u g h lin ,
Youngstown
S h eet and T ube,
and I n la n d --r e a c h e d
an in t e r im agreem ent on b a s i c is s u e s on
J u ly 2 4 .
On J u ly 2 6 , f o llo w i n g an agreem ent
a f f e c t i n g ir o n o r e m in e r s , th e u n ion
ord e re d em p loyees
o f th e m ajor s t e e l com panies to r e tu r n to t h e i r j o b s .
The s t r i k e
c o n tin u e d a t some m i l l s o f s m a lle r
com panies u n t i l
in d i v i d u a l s e t t le m e n t s
w ere r e a c h e d .
By A ugust 1 5 , w ork ers a t m ost o f
th e s m a lle r
com panies had r e tu r n e d t o t h e i r j o b s , b u t a few m i l l s w ere i d l e u n t i l th e end o f A u g u s t.
74/
M ost o f th e com panies reach ed agreem ent w ith th e u n ion on J u ly 1 , and t h e i r em p loyees re tu r n e d
t o work on J u ly 2 .
However, s e v e r a l
com panies d id n o t re a c h agreem ent w ith
th e u n ion u n t i l J u ly 2 ,
and t h e i r em ployees were i d l e a secon d d a y .
75/
On J u ly 27, th e U n ite d S te e lw o r k e r s and 12 m ajor s t e e l p ro d u c e rs s ig n e d a memorandum o f a g r e e ­
ment in c o r p o r a t in g th e
p r o v is i o n s o f a 3 -y e a r c o n t r a c t .
W orkers began
r e t u r n in g to work as soon as
in d iv id u a l c o n tr a c ts
were s ig n e d , and by A u g u st 5 a l l o f
th e m ajor
s t e e l p ro d u c e rs had
s ig n e d new
a g r e e m e n ts .
76/
About 1 ,9 0 0 em ployees o f th e Union R a ilr o a d (a s u b s id i a r y o f U .S . S t e e l C o r p .s e r v ic in g s t e e l
p l a n t s ) were
in v o lv e d in th e d is p u t e and ab ou t 2 1 ,0 0 0 s te e lw o r k e r s
in c l o s e l y i n t e g r a t e d o p e r a t io n s
were made i d l e .
77/
U n t i l J u ly 1 , p la n t w orkers were id l e d by d is p u t e o f th e Firem en and Enginem en. On t h a t d a te
p la n t w o r k e r s , r e p r e s e n te d
by th e U n ited S te e lw o r k e r s , a l s o s t r u c k upon th e e x p i r a t i o n o f t h e i r c o n ­
tra ct .
78/
About 2 ,5 0 0
em ployees o f th e Union R a ilr o a d Co. (a s u b s id i a r y o f U .S . S t e e l C orp . s e r v i c i n g
s t e e l p l a n t s ) w ere in v o lv e d in th e d is p u t e and abou t 2 4 ,5 0 0 s te e lw o r k e r s employed by U .S . S t e e l Corp.
in c l o s e l y in t e g r a t e d o p e r a t io n s were made i d l e .
79/
The m a jo r i t y o f th e m i l l s reopen ed on March 19, but a s u b s t a n t i a l number d id n o t reop en u n t i l
la te A p r il.
Some 7 0 ,0 0 0
members o f
th e T e x t i l e W orkers U nion were i d l e d u r in g th e p e r io d o f
th is
s to p p a g e , b ut o n ly 4 8 ,0 0 0 w ere in v o lv e d in t h i s s i n g l e s to p p a g e . The rem ain d er w ere in v o lv e d in l o c a l
sto p p a g e s.

80/ The policy committee of the union voted, on May 5, to comply with the request to call o ff the
strike. A majority of the workers returned to their jobs by the middle of May; others resumed work
during late May, June, and July.
81/
Companies reach ed agreem ent w ith th e u n ion on v a r io u s d a t e s .
on A ugust 2 0 .

The l a s t

s e t t le m e n t was reach ed

82/
D u ra tio n v a r ie d
among th e com panies in v o lv e d in
t h i s work s to p p a g e .
The com panies reach ed
agreem ent w ith
th e u n ion as f o l l o w s :
B a tes M a n u fa c tu r in g C o ., A p r i l 3 0 ;
C o n tin e n ta l M i l l s , May 1 3 ;
Wamsutta M i l l s , May 2 6 ;
B e r k sh ire -H a th a w a y , I n c . , and P e p p e r e ll M a n u fa c tu r in g C o .,
J u ly 1 3 ;
L u th er
M a n u fa c tu rin g C o ., J u ly 1 4 .




* U.S. G O V E R N M E N T PRINTING OFFICE : 1961 0 — 598991