Full text of CPI Detailed Report : March 1954
The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
EXECUTIVE 3-2^20 Moffatt - Ext. 532 Issued April 22, 195^ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington 25, D. C. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX MARCH 195^ Consumer Price Index Down 0.2 Percent Between February and March 195^ : This report presents the Consumer Price Index J sfor the U.S. and for individual cities. A de- : sscription of the index is available on request.: Consumer prices in U.S. cities decreased 0.2 percent between February and March, according to the U. S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. Food and apparel prices were O.b percent lower on the average. Transportation was down 0.3 percent. Rents and services continued to rise. Rents were up 0.1 percent; Medical Care, Personal Care, and Reading and Recreation each advanced 0.2 percent. The All Items index for March was 11^.8 (l9Vf-l*9 » 100), 0.5 percent below the October 1953 peak. It was 1.1 percent higher than a year ago, and 12.8 percent above the level of June 1950. On a base of 1935-39 « 100, the index for March was 191.9. Reductions in excise taxes and in the support price of butter, which became effective April 1, are not yet reflected in the index. FOOD The food index, at 112.1 (191*7-49 « 100), was 0,^ percent above a year ago, but about ^ percent below its August 1952 peak. From February to March, egg prices dropped nearly 12 percent, with seasonal declines reported throughout the country. Dairy products dropped 0.9 percent. Milk prices were reduced 1 to 5 percent in many cities and butter and cheese prices fell 1 percent. Prices of all cuts of beef, veal and pork (except pork chops) decreased. Potato prices continued to decline, going down by 5 percent over the month. Prices of most fresh produce were higher. Coffee prices went up about 6 percent to bring the average price for the nation to over $1.05 a pound, 15 percent higher than last December. Bread prices were reduced in a few cities. Restaurant meals averaged si ghtly higher in March. HOUSING Average residential rents increased 0.1 percent over the month, but some scattered decreases were reported. The rate of increase in rents has slowed considerably since November 1953 as the effects of decontrol have largely been dissipated. Sales on housefurnishings items continued in some cities while in others prices returned to earlier levels. 2 APPAREL After four months of steady decline, apparel prices were over 1 percent below October 1953* Work clothing prices — on overalls, work trousers, shirts and dungarees — have been reduced 20^ to 50^ in the last 3 months. Women's hosiery prices continued their steady decline. Spring seasonal clothing prices were higher than at the end of last spring. OTHER GOODS Used car prices were lower in March in most cities and some AND SERVICES price reductions by dealers were reported for new cars. Charges for services — medical care, personal care and reading and recreation ~ again advanced. Further increases were recorded for doctor's fees and other medical care services; some motion picture theatres raised prices for special features; barber and beauty shop charges continued to advance generally. Laundry and toilet soaps were higher in most cities, reflecting higher prices for fats and oils at wholesale. Prices of other toilet articles also increased. TABLE 1. 3 CONSUMER PRICE INDEX l/ — U.S. AVERAGE ALL ITEMS AND COMMODITY GROUPS Indexes and Percent Changes for Selected Dates GROUP February ^954 March 1954 This Month Last Month January 1954 2 Months Ago March 1953 Last Year June 1950 Pre-Korea Year 1939 Pretforld War II INDEXES (1947-49 » 100) Ilk.a 115.0 115.2 113.6 101.8 59.4 112.1 112.6 113.1 111.7 100.5 47.1 111.1* 121.2 109.5 108.0 107.8 112.3 112.0 121.3 109.7 109.0 108.0 114.0 112.6 121.2 110.2 109.7 110.8 113.5 111.3 117.7 107.4 110.3 115.5 109.I 100.5 102.r 106.1 92.3 102.5 94.1 47.1 57.2 41.6 49.8 46.3 48.4 119.0 118.9 118.8 116.8 104.9 76.1 128.0 107.6 125.8 107.2 117.5 127.9 107.5 126.2 107.2 117.3 127.8 107.1 125.7 107.2 117.2 121.7 106.5 124.4 108.0 114.0 108.7 102.7 107.6 97.4 99.6 86.6 104.9 56.4 53.4 68.4 APPAREL k/ 104.3 104.7 104.9 104.7 96.5 52.5 TRANSPORTATION 129.0 129.4 130.5 129.3 109.9 68.9 MEDICAL CARE 124. 4 124.1 123.7 119.5 105.4 72.6 PERSONAL CARE 114.1 113.9 113.7 112.4 99.2 59.6 READING AND RECREATION 108.2 108.0 108.7 107.7 102.5 63.O OTHER GOODS AND SERVICES 5/ 120.1 120.2 120.3 117.5 103.7 70.6 March 1953 June 1950 Year 1939 12.8 93.3 ALL ITEMS FOOD 2/ Food at home Cereals and bakery products Meats, poultry and fish Dairy products Fruits and vegetables Other foods at home HOUSING 3/ Rent Gas and electricity Solid fuels and fuel oil Housefurnishings Household operation PERCENT CHANGE TO MARCH 1954 FROM: February 1954 January 1954 ALL ITEMS - 0.2 - 0.3 1.1 FOOD 2/ - 0.4 - 0.9 0.4 11.5 138.0 - 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.2 1.5 - 1.1 0 - 0.6 - 1.5 - 2.7 - 1.1 0.1 3.0 2.0 - 2.1 - 6.7 2.9 10.8 18.0 3.2 17.0 5.2 19.3 136.5 111.9 163.2 116.9 132.8 132.0 0.1 0.2 1.9 13.* 56.4 0.1 0.1 - 0.3 0 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.1 0 0.3 5.2 1.0 1.1 - 0.7 3.1 17.8 4.8 16.9 10.1 18.0 47.8 2.6 123.0 100.7 71.8 APPAREL b/ - 0.4 - 0.6 - 0.4 8.1 98.7 TRANSPORTATION - 0.3 - 1.1 - 0.2 17.4 87.2 Food at home Cereals and bakery products Meats, poultry and fish Dairy products Fruits and vegetables Other foods at home HOUSING 3/ Rent Gas and electricity Solid fuels and fuel oil Housefurnishings Household operation MEDICAL CARE 0.2 0.6 4.1 18.0 71.3 PERSONAL CARE 0.2 0.4 1.5 15.0 91.4 READING AND RECREATION 0.2 - 0.5 0.5 5.6 71.7 • 0.1 - 0.2 2.2 15.8 70.1 OTHER GOODS AND SERVICES 5/ 1/ See General Explanation at end of tables. 2/ Includes "Food away from home." J/ Includes "Other shelter"; estimates for rent, home purchase, and other home owner costs are reflected monthly in total housing and all items. 4/ Indexes for subgroups of apparel not yet available. 5/ Includes tobacco, alcoholic beverages, and "miscellaneous services" (such as legal services, banking fees, burial services, etc.). TAB IE 2. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX l/ — ALL ITEMS INDEXES FOR SELECTED DATES U.S. Average and 20 Large Cities ( 1 9 ^ 7 - ^ 9 = 1 0 0 ) (1935-39 = 100) City U. S. AVERAGE 3/ March 195* February 195* 11*.8 116.7 116.5 116.2 112. * January 195* March 1953 June 1950 March 195* 115.0 115.2 113.6 101.8 191.9 116.7 116.* 116.6 112.8 115.2 116.7 117.0 116.8 113.0 115.3 113.8 115.2 115.* 111.2 11*. 1 102.8 102.8 101.3 100.9 101.6 198.7 196.7 19*. 2 186.0 191.2 2/ CITIES PRICED MOfTHLY: Chicago Detroit Los Angeles New York Philadelphia Ilk. 9 CITIES PRICED IN JAN., AIR., JULY, OCT. */ January 1953 Boston Kansas City Minneapolis Pittsburg Portland, Ore. CITIES PRICED IN MAR., SEPT., DEC. */ 112.7 115.0 116.6 11*.* 115.* April 1950 112.1 11*. 3 11*.* 112.6 11*. 6 January 195* 101.2 101.*, 102.1 5/ 99.9 ~ 101.5 181.* 185.2 193.1 19*. 5 199.9 JOB, March 1953 Atlanta Baltimore Cincinnati St. Louis Sam Francisco 117.0 11*.8 11*. 2 116.9 116.5 June 1950 101.3 6/ 101.6 101.2 101.1 100.9 116.7 11*. 2 112.6 11*. 7 115.5 h/ CITIES PRICED IN FEB., MAY, AUG., NOV. February 1953 Cleveland Houston Scranton Seattle Washington, D. C. 115.2 116.9 113.2 116.2 11*. 1 March 195* 198.* 197.3 192.3 195.1 199.1 May 1950 February 195* 100.* 103.5 100.2 102.0 101.6 112.5 116.1 112.2 11*. 6 113.0 196.3 197.9 188.1 198.6 187.* 1/ See General Explanation at end of tables. <?/ These are the same indexes shown in column 1, 2 or 3> converted to a base of 1935-39 * 100. The U.S. average is based on prices collected in *6 cities. In addition to the 20 cities listed individually, 26 cities are included in the national average. Indexes are not calculated for these 26 cities. */ Foods, fuels, rents and a few other items priced monthly; other commodities and services priced quarterly. 5/ June 1950; formerly priced March, June, September, December. %j May 1950; formerly priced February, May, August, November. TABLE 3. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX l/ — PERCENT CHANGES FROM FEBRUARY 195* TO MARCH 195* U.S. Average and Five Cities Priced Monthly All Items and Commodity Groups All Items City Food 2/ U.S. AVERAGE Chicago Detroit Los Angeles New York Philadelphia See f o o t n o o n Housing 1/ Apparel y Transportation Medical Care Personal Care Reading & Recreation - 0.2 - 0.* 0.1 . 0.* - 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 0.1 - 0.3 - 0.* - 0.* 0 - 0.8 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.1 - 0.3 0.1 - O.U - 0.1 0.* 0.5 0.* 0.1 0 0 0.2 0 - 0.1 0.* 0.1 0 0 0.7 - 0.1 1.2 0.* - 1.7 0.3 - 0.3 - 0.6 - 0.7 - 0.3 table 1 and Genera!L Explanation at end of tables. Other Goods & Services 5/ - 0.1 0 0 - 0.2 - 0.1 - 0.1 5 TABLE k. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX l/ — ALL ITEMS AND COMMODITY GROUPS March 195k Indexes and Percent Changes, December 1953 to March 195k U.S. Average and 10 Cities Priced in March 195k City All Items Total Food Total Housing Solid Fuels Gas & & ElecFuel triOil city Rent 3/ 2/ Housefurnishings Household Operation TransApparel portation y Medical Care Personal Care Reading & Recreation March 195k Indexes (I9k7-k9 = 100) U.S. AVERAGE 114.8 112.1 119.0 128.0 107.6 125.8 107.2 117.5 10k. 3 129.0 12k. k llk.l 108.2 120.1 Atlanta Baltimore Chicago Cincinnati Detroit Los Angeles Nev York Philadelphia St. Louis San Francisco 117.0 Ilk. 8 116.7 Ilk. 2 116.5 116.2 112.k Ilk. 9 116.9 116.5 112.2 113.6 110.7 llk.l Ilk. 7 113. k 12k. 1 113.8 125.1 116.7 122.2 12k. 3 115.3 113.6 119.1 118.0 130.5 123.7 138.9 112.0 97.5 106.2 115. k 110.4 109.5 108.7 102.3 103.8 130.1 112.0 100.9 108.9 102.9 110.5 108.9 107. k 130.5 1 2 k . 0 1 09.3 1 3 5 . 1 106.7 106.9 128.2 109.7 121.5 121.5 110. k 108.3 119. k 113.9 119.0 109.6 111.2 102. k 108.2 103.1 102.8 10k. 3 10k. 5 105.8 10k. 5 103.5 127.3 138.2 132.7 128.2 121.2 127.7 13k.6 137. k 136.2 lk3.k 120.8 133.3 122.8 12k. 6 122.3 121.3 123.2 123.7 13k. 6 123.2 116.6 108.6 Ilk. 7110.2 120.0 117.9 108.6 118.0 Ilk. 6 113.0 112.0 113.7 107.9 99.8 111.8 102.0 105.8 110.8 99. k 105.7 118.2 123.3 118.9 118.1 12k. 9 115.2 121.1 122.7 115.7 116.3 109.9 113.7 Ilk. 9 113.2 Percent Change U.S. AVERAGE - 0.1 - 0.2 0.1 Atlanta Baltimore Chicago Cincinnati Detroit Los Angeles New York Philadelphia St. Louis San Francisco - 0.1 0.3 0.3 - 0.3 0.1 0.3 - 0.5 - 0.1 0 - 0.3 - O.k 0.6 0.2 - 0.6 0.3 0 - 0.9 - 0.9 - 0.2 - 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.3 0.7 - 0.3 - 0.2 O.k 0.2 0 0.3 O.k 6/ 1.1 0.2 0 6.3 1.9 - 0.1 0 - 0.2 0 0 0 f/ 1.6 6/ 2.5 119.5 126.9 12k. 5 127.2 119. k . December 1953 to March 195k O.k - 0.9 0 0.5 0.6 0.2 3.5 0.2 - 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.6 0 0.1 0.7 O.k 0.1 0.9 1.0 0.8 l.k O.k - 0.8 0 2.3 0 0 0.2 - 0.3 0.8 1.7 - 0.8 1.8 0.5 1.0 0.2 1.5 0.6 0.7 2.k 2,0 - 0.1 0.6 O.k - 0.6 - 0.2 1.3 1.0 0.1 1.8 1.1 3.5 0.7 1.6 - 0.2 - 0.5 l.l 0.3 0.1 0 0.2 0.1 - 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.8 O.k 0 0.5 0.8 k.2 0 - O.k 0.5 - 0.7 0.1 - 0.9 - 0.8 - 2.8 0 - 0.2 1.1 0 1.9 0.3 0 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.9 - - 1/ through 5/ see footnotes on table 1 and General Explanation at end of tables; Z/ Change from September 1953 to March 195k. TABLE 5. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX 1/ ~ FOOD AND ITS SUBGROUPS March 195k Indexes and Percent Changes, February 195 k to March 195k U.S. Average and 20 Large Cities (1947-^9 = 100) Total Food 2/ Percent Index Change Meats, Poultry Cereals & Total & Fish Bakery Products Food at Home Percent Percent Percent Change Index Change Index Index Change 112.1 - O.k 111.1* - 0.5 - 0.3 0 - 0.2 - O.k - 0.7 111.2 112.7 107.9 109.7 113.7 - 0.7 - 0.3 - 0.7 109A - 0.3 112.2 113.6 109.3 110.7 lllK 1 110.3 llk.7 112.7 108.4 113.k 112. k 109.9 113.T 113.2 112.7 St. Louis San Francisco Scranton Seattle Washington.D.Cj Ilk.9 113.2 111.2 - 0.2 0 - 0.2 113.7 111.7 - 0.8 112.1 0.1 - 0.4 - 0.6 - 0.7 - 0.2 - 0.7 - 0.3 - 0.2 - 1.2 107.8 - 0.2 - 0.3 0.1 - 0.3 0 121.2 116.0 121.6 119.1 117.0 118. k 118.6 117.8 118.3 - 0.9 120 A 122.6 112.1 - o.k - 1.0 - 1.0 12k. 9 109.3 112.6 112.8 112.6 113.3 112.3 110.7 - 0.2 - 0.9 - 0.8 - 0,5 - 1.3 125.1 120.6 121.7 - 0.1 0.2 0.4 0 - 0.3 - 2.2 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.2 0 - 0.1 116.5 127 A 119.k 107.8 - 0.2 108.0 116.5 - 0.4 - 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.5 109.5 111.9 108.5 107.1 lil.k 112.2 105.5 105.1 Ilk. 7 105.6 108.7 108.3 106.6 110. k - 0.9 0.1 OA 1.3 - 0.5 107.6 - 1.1 110.5 105.5 113.5 - 1.3 0.3 - 1.6 - 0.4 0 0.2 0.2 0. 110. k 109. k 109.4 110.2 lOt. 4 - 0.7 104.3 1.3 0.2 - 0.1 0.1 122.2 0.1 0.1 112.0 112.? - 0.8 118.4 0, - 0.7 109.5 110.3 1 See footnotes on table i ard General iiacpianation at end or xabl Fruits & Vegetables Percent Index Change 109.5 0.1 - 0.5 - 0.7 0.1 - 0.6 lib.2 Dairy Products Percent Index Change 10k. 8 108.1 110.0 101.2 - 0.9 - 0.3 - 0.2 - 1.3 - 0.9 - 0.1 - 0.2 - 0.5 - 0.6 105.3 - 3.1 - 0.1 104.7 - 1.8 106.k 110.8 112.1 109.1 101.6 106.8 109. k 105.7 113.8 - 1.3 - 0.3 - 0.3 0 - 1.8 105.5 107.5 101.0 105.8 10k.7 103.3 116.3 110.7 102.9 112.8 117.3 100.8 108.7 107.2 Other Foods at Home Index 0.2 112.3 0.3 0.1 0 0.1 2.k 105.7 1.3 1.7 0.2 1.7 0 0.9 o.k 1.1 0 111.0 105.8 119.0 118.1 116.2 Ilk. 8 112.7 108.6 111.1 118.2 112.1 112.3 122.3 110.0 1.3 113.6 115.3 0.2 0.3 2.9 0.8 0.3 121.9 108.4 111.3 110.9 109.9 - 0.3 116.0 - 2.9 - 0.2 - 0.3 113.0 102.5 10k. 1 6 GENERAL EXPLANATION The Consumer Price Index (revised January 1953) measures the average change in prices of goods and services purchased by city wage-earner and clerical-worker families. The goods ar i services included in the index "market basket" are those required to maintain the level of living characteristic of such families in 1952. The quantities and qualities of the items in the "market basket" remain the same between consecutive pricing periods, so that the index measures the effect of price change only on the cost of living of these families. The indexes are presented on a base of 19l;7-U9"100. The index numbers thus show the average increase or decrease in prices from the 19U7-U9 average. (For convenience of users, these indexes are also shown on the base 1935-39=100. Note that they are calculated using the new sanples, items and weights). The city indexes do not indicate whether it costs more to live in one city than in another. Comparisons of city indexes show only whether prices have risen more or less in one city than another since the base period. The Bureau has been compiling the Consumer Price Index for nearly 1|0 years. At four different times it has been necessary to bring the "market basket" of goods and services up to date and to modernize the samples and methods of calculation. The indexes in this report are revised as of January 1953. The "market basket" is based on extensive surveys of postwar expenditure patterns of city families, and reflects changes that have occurred since prewar in the amounts, kinds and qualities of things people buy, as well as new things that were not part of our pattern of living a few years ago. About 300 items are priced to estimate the average change in prices of all items in the "market basket." Among these items are all the important goods and services that wage and clerical workers buy. Prices are collected at regular intervals, and the successive prices are compared to determine price changes. The items priced are described by detailed specifications to insure that as far as possible, the same quality is priced each time, and that differences in reported prices are measures of price change only. Prices are obtained in a sample of U6 cities representative of all cities in the U.S., including the 12 largest urban areas with populations over 1 million, 9 other large cities, 9 medium-sized cities, and 16 small cities. In each city, prices are reported by stores of various kinds and by service establishments and individuals (such as physicians and dentists) from whom wage and clerical workers buy goods and services. Foods, fuels, rents, and a few other items are priced monthly in all cities. Prices of most other goods and services are obtained on a regular rotating pricing cyclemonthly in the 5 largest cities, every 3 months in 25 large and medium-sized cities, and every h months in the 16 smallest cities. In any given month, goods and services other than foods, fuels and rents are priced in 17 or 18 cities out of the U6. Price collection extends over 3 or 1; weeks, centered on the 15th of the month. Prices for a few items (e.g., auto insurance, railroad fares) are computed from published sources. Food. Food prices are collected monthly from chain and representative independent food stores in all U6 cities, during the first 3 days of the week which includes the l5th of the month. Prices for restaurant meals are based on menus collected on the regular pricing cycle for each city as described above. Rent. Rents are obtained each month by mail from tenants of representative samples of dwellings in each of the U6 cities, and once every 2 years by personal visit, when local sarrples of dwellings are als<? reviewed. The rent index measures changes in rent from one period to another for the same rented dwellings, with the same facilities, furnishings and services. Other Shelter. Materials and services for house maintenance and repair are priced on the regular city pricing cycle. Prices of houses,* fire insurance rates, mortgage interest and taxes, which change only occasionally, are obtained annually or biennially, and changes estimated between pricing dates. Sales prices of houses are obtained from records of mortgages insured by the Federal Housing Administration. 7 Fuels, including Gas and Electricity, Prices prevailing on the 15th of the month are collected monthly by mail from iWL dealers and utility companies in U6 cities. All Goods and Services other than Foods, Fuels and Rents. Prices are collected in person, on the city cycle described above, from samples of representative department stores, apparel and shoe stores, housefurnishings and appliance dealers, barber shops, beauty shops, doctors, hospitals, moving picture theaters, etc. Prices for such items as newspapers, street car and bus fares, and telephone service are collected by mail. Prices of used cars are obtained from car dealers through a trade association. Price changes for all items in each city are combined in accordance with their importance in the "market basket" for that city to obtain an average price change for that city. Price changes for the U6 cities are combined for the U.S. with the use of 1950 population data. Each city is given an importance or weight proportionate to the wage-earner and clerical-worker population it represents in the index. The 12 largest cities, each weighted by its own population, when combined have about two-fifths of the total weight in the national index. Each of the 3 other city-size groups has about one-fifth of the total weight; i.e., the 9 other large cities, the 9 medium-sized cities, and the 16 small cities. City indexes are coirpiled for the 20 largest of the 1*6 cities priced for the national average. The remaining 26 cities in which prices are collected are: Anna, Illinois Camden, Arkansas Canton, Ohio Charleston, W. Virginia Evansville, Indiana Garrett, Indiana Glendale, Arizona Grand Forks, N. Dakota Grand Island, Nebraska Huntington, W. Virginia Laconia, New Hampshire Lodi, California Lynchburg, Virginia Madill, Oklahoma Madison, Wisconsin Middlesboro, Kentucky Middletown, Connec ticut Newark, Ohio Pulaski, Virginia Ravenna, Ohio Rawlins, Wyoming San Jose, California Sandpoint, Idaho Shawnee, Oklahoma Shenandoah, Iowa Youngstown, Ohio The present index, as described above, has been linked (spliced) to the "interim adjusted" Consumer Price Index for 3h cities, issued through December 1952, to form a continuous series back to 1913• 1/ For detailed descriptions of the Consumer Price Index, its uses and limitations, see the following: "The Consumer Price Index," A Short Description of the Index as Revised, 1953* "The Revised Consumers1 Price Index—A Summary of Changes in the Index and Suggestions for Transition from the 'Interim Adjusted1 and !01d Series1 Indexes to the Revised Index." Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin No. 1039: "Interim Adjustment of the Consumers1 Price Index." January 1951 Report: "Consumers' Price Index and Retail Food Prices." December 1952 Report: "Consumers' Price Index and Retail Food Prices." Monthly Labor Review articles: The Revised Consumer Price Index Adjusted Consumers' Price Index: Interim Adjustment of Consumers' Selection of Cities for Consumer Revision of the Consumers' Price y (February 1953) • Relative Inportance of Items (June 1951)• Price Index (April 1951). Expenditure Survey-1950 (April 1951). Index (July 1950). See December 1952 report, "Consumers' Price Index and Retail Food Prices." Tables of rebased "interim adjusted" indexes for the U. S. and for 20 cities are available upon request. o tj -n SB' tA e o i o ; « n ; i> > r jo 8 - « h O CD • e <* tA <A N r n JO 2 <• _ o m