Full text of CPI Detailed Report : June 1972
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the consumer price index for June 1972 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James D. Hodgson, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Geoffrey H. Moore, Commissioner OFFICE OF PRICES AND LIVING CONDITIONS Joel Popkin, Assistant Commissioner CONTENTS Price movements New consumer price indexes by size of city Charts 1—4. Consumer price indexes for all items and major components, and rates of change over 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month spans Table 1. a monthly report on consumer price movements including statistical tables and technical notes. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Page l 5 11 CPI—United States city average for wage earners and clerical workers, by commodity and service groups, and expenditure classes 15 CPI—United States and selected areas for urban wage earners and clerical workers, all items most recent index and percent changes from selected dates 16 CPI—United States and selected areas for urban wage earners and clerical workers, major groups, percent change from May 1972 to June 1972 . . 17 CPI—United States city average for urban wage earners and clerical workers for selected groups, seasonally adjusted 17 CPI—United States and selected areas for urban wage earners and clerical workers, commodity groups, June 1972, and percent chariges from March 1972 18 CPI—United States and selected areas for urban wage earners and clerical workers, food and its subgroups, June 1972, and percent changes from May 1972 20 CPI—United States city average for urban wage earners and clerical workers, food items, and percent changes from selected dates 21 CPI—United States city average for urban wage earners and clerical workers, for selected items and groups, June 1972, and percent changes from selected dates 23 The Consumer Price Index The Consumer Price Index rose 0.2 percent in June to 125.0 percent of its 1967 base. The increase was due chiefly to higher prices for meats, fresh fruits and vegetables, used cars, houses, and household services. The June index was 2.9 percent higher than it was a year ago; the first time since November 1967 the change for a 12-month period was less than 3 percent. After seasonal adjustment, the June increase was 0.1 percent. In June, the food index, which includes both food purchased in grocery stores and restaurant meals, increased 0.2 percent after seasonal adjustment. In both April and May, the index declined 0.1 percent. The nonfood commodities index showed no change in June after rising 0.5 percent in May. The services index increased 0.3 percent, compared with g, 0.2 percent in May. The annual rate of change in the CPI for the calendar quarter ending in June was 2.2 percent, which was less than the 3.6-percent rate for the preceding quarter. (See table A.) The slowdown was primarily due to the behavior of the food component of the index, which was unchanged from March to June after advancing at a 7.2-percent annual rate from December to March. The index for nonfood commodities rose at a 2.7-percent seasonally adjusted rate in the second quarter compared with 2.4 percent in the first quarter. The services index rose at a 3.4-percent rate in the second quarter, slightly less than the first quarter. In the 10 months since the start of the Economic Stabilization Program last August, the CPI has risen at a 2.7-percent rate. Excluding the Phase I period from August to November, when most prices were frozen, the rate of advance through June was 3.1 percent. This advance compares with a 3.8-percent rate in the first 8 months of 1971 and increases of 6 percent in calendar year 1969 and 5.5 percent in 1970. Seasonally adjusted annual rates of change for the CPI and its major components before and since the Economic Stabilization Program began are as follows: Food The food index, which includes both food purchased in grocery stores and restaurant meals, rose 0.2 percent in June on a seasonally adjusted basis after declining 0.1 percent in April and May. The index for food purchased in grocery stores rose 0.6 percent in June before seasonal adjustment and 0.2 percent after seasonal adjustment. The index declined in April and May. The turnaround in June was primarily due to a rise in meat prices following several months of sharp declines. Beef and pork prices rose considerably more than they usually do in June, reflecting earlier May advances at the wholesale level. An important factor in the sharper than usual rise in wholesale and retail meat prices this spring has been strong consumer demand, particularly for beef. Retail prices for poultry also rose after declining in April and May, but the increase was smaller than usual for June. However, a rise in demand reduced stocks of poultry in cold storage during May and wholesale prices for poultry rose sharply in June. In addition to the upturn in meat prices, retail prices for fresh fruits and vegetables rose considerably more in June than in April or May. The large rise in fresh fruit prices was mostly due to seasonal declines in supplies, especially of oranges and strawberries and the introduction of watermelons into the index for the first time this season. Fresh vegetable prices rose contraseasonally as adverse weather and the end of harvests in some areas curtailed supplies, particularly of tomatoes, lettuce, cucumbers, and onions. As wholesale prices for meats and fresh fruits and fresh vegetables continued to climb in June, pointing to higher prices at retail, the government suspended import quotas on meats for the balance of 1972 and extended stabilization controls to cover wholesale and retail prices of raw food products such as fresh fruits and vegetables, eggs, and raw seafood. 3 months, 7 months, 10 months, 8 months Phase I, Phase I I , Phases I and II before Phase I, August 1971 December 1970 August 1971 to November 1971 June 1972 June 1972 to August 1971 November 1971 All items Food Commodities less food Services 3.8 5.0 2.9 4.6 1.9 1.7 0 3.1 3.1 4.0 2.5 3.6 2.7 3.3 1.7 3.4 Table A. Percent changes in CP! and components, selected periods Changes in all terns at seasonally adjusted compound annual rates Changes from preceding monthi Month Commodities Services From From From less food 3 months 6 months 11 months Seasonally UnSeasonally UnUnUnSeasonally dyu POO adjusted adjusted adjusted adjusted adjusted adjusted adjusted Food All items OflA June 1971 July August September October November December. .. . ... . .. . .. January 1972 February March, April May June 0.3 .2 .3 0 0 0 .2 0.5 .5 .5 .3 .2 .3 .3 4.7 4.8 4.1 3.0 2.6 1.9 2.6 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.0 2.8 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.4 -.1 1.8 0 -.1 -.1 .2 -.3 .1 .3 .3 .6 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .5 .5 .2 .2 .3 .2 .3 3.2 4.8 3.6 3.1 2.1 2.2 2.9 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.5 2.9 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.2 2.9 0.4 .3 .3 .1 .2 .2 .3 0.8 .5 .2 -.8 -.2 .1 1.1 0.4 .2 .3 .1 .5 .2 .2 .3 .2 .3 .6 0 1.6 .2 0 -.1 .6 0 .2 .3 .1 Prices in other major categories of food purchased in grocery stores declined in June. Prices for most dairy Droducts continued to move down in June as milk proiuction reached seasonal highs. The decline in the prices of evaporated milk was particularly sharp as manufacturers' stocks rose nearly 40 percent between the end of April and the end of May. Prices of most cereal and bakery products also declined in June for the second consecutive month. Bread prices were lower because of promotional sales. Flour prices declined as a result of slackening demand. Prices of corn flakes continued to move down, as they have been doing since June of 1971, because of large supplies of corn available at low prices. The large corn supply also has contributed to the decline in prices of salad and cooking oils from February to June. Egg prices fell more than they usually do in June, as production and cold storage holdings rose during May. Because of promotional sales, prices were also lower in June for a number of other items such as sugar, chocolate bars, coffee, cola drinks, some soups, and baby food. The index for food away from home—restaurant meals and snacks—increased 0.4 percent in June both before and after seasonal adjustment. Commodities iess food The index for nonfood commodities was unchanged in June as widespread price rises in durable goods were offset by declines in nondurable goods, mostly apparel and gasoline. Reflecting strong demand, used car prices, which started their usual spring rise in March, rose sharply in April and May. These prices continued to increase in June; but in line with their usual seasonal pattern the -.1 .8 .6 0.4 -.1 .1 .3 .5 .1 0 0.6 .2 .2 .1 .2 .2 .4 -.3 0 increase was less than in the 2 preceding months. The demand for new cars remained extremely strong in June, resulting in a considerably smaOer decline in new car prices than is usual for this time of the year. Sales of domestic new cars established a new record for the month and were up 9.9 percent from June of 1971. Sales of imported cars rose considerably in June from the preceding month, but were down 6.3 percent from June of last year. Imports represented 14.1 percent of total U.S. car sales this June compared with 16.0 percent in 1971. Price increases for houses and household durables also contributed to the rise in the durable goods component of the CPI in June. Prices were higher for most appliances, including ranges, clothes dryers, vacuum cleaners, and washing machines as consumer demand strengthened and sales ended. Prices of most other durable house furnishings also were higher, particularly table lamps, imported dinnerware, and imported and domestic stainless flatware sets. These increases were moderated somewhat by the start of summer clearance sales on furniture and floor coverings. In the nondurable goods component of the CPI, prices of apparel commodities declined 0.2 percent after seasonal adjustment. The decline in apparel prices other than footwear was sharper than usual for June. With consumer demand for apparel showing very little improvement in the first 5 months of this year over the same period in 1971, clearance sales on spring and summer merchandise began earlier than in previous years. Prices also were lowered on many year-round items such as women's and girls' dresses and men's suits, slacks, and short-sleeved sport shirts. Footwear prices, however, increased slightly in June, instead of moving down as they usually do. Retail footwear prices have not yet reflected all of the increases which have occurred at the wholesale level. In an effort to hold down footwear prices, the Price Commission in late May limited price increases by shoe manufacturers to a dollar-for-dollar pass-through of leather costs. Also, export controls were imposed in late June on domestically produced cattle hides to hold down prices on hides and leather. The program restricts hide producers (who are usually meatpackers also from exporting more than 1,350,000 hides a month—the same level at which they exported hides in 1971. Gasoline prices, which declined in the first 4 months of this year, rose sharply in May but declined again in June. In May, oil companies were partially successful in restoring prices to the prefreeze level by withdrawing discounts which help retailers maintain profit margins during times of price wars. Prices were forced down in June, however, by competitive pressures from volume outlets and independents. Among other nondurable goods, prices of alcoholic beverages declined in June. Retail prices for beer purchased for home consumption were lowered sharply following earlier declines at the wholesale level. Prices of tobacco products increased mostly because of higher taxes. Services The index for consumer services rose 0.3 percent in June, less than 0.2 percent in May, but the same as in April. All of the major categories in the services index rose moderately during the quarter. Charges for household services rose 0.3 percent in June, the same as in April and May. There were changes in trend during the quarter for some of these services. Mortgage interest rates increased slightly in June, ending a 7-month decline which began in November 1971. The rise resulted from a combination of a high level of demand for houses and a decline in the supply of lendable funds. Mortgage lending activity rose 20 percent between April and May, while savings inflow fell below the seasonal level for the period. Following a substantial rise in the first 4 months of this year and a slight rise in May, property taxes declined slightly in June. The decline reflected lower taxes in Minnesota, where the State legislature granted some relief to its local school districts. Among utility services, charges for natural gas, which was stable in April and May, declined in June as lower summer rates in some cities more than offset increased charges in other cities. Charges for electricity rose 0.9 percent in April, 0.6 percent in May, and 0.5 percent in June. The increases were due to higher rates and higher fuel costs. Electricity utility fuel costs (bituminous coal, residual fuel oil, and natural gas) have risen substantially during the past 2 years, and the higher costs have been passed on to the consumer. Many companies have experienced higher costs since they switched to the more expensive low sulphur fuels. The June increase in telephone rates was larger than for any of the preceding 3 months. Charges for home maintenance and repairs increased 0.5 percent in June, slightly faster than in April or May. The increase in charges for these services in the second quarter was much smaller than in the same period of 1971. Among housekeeping services, charges for domestic services decelerated during the quarter from 1.1 percent in April to 0.2 percent in June. The index for medical care services rose 0.3 percent in June. The increase in April was also 0.3 percent and in May 0.2 percent. After rising sharply in the first quarter, charges for hospital services rose modestly in the second quarter, 0.3 percent in April and May and 0.2 percent in June. Fees charged by physicians, which moved up an average of 0.2 percent each month from August 1971 through May of this year, increased 0.5 percent in June. The increase of 0.1 percent in the transportation services index in June was the same as in April and May. Among auto-related services, charges for auto repairs rose 0.2 percent in each month during the second quarter, considerably smaller than the monthly increases in the first quarter. Auto insurance charges increased slightly in June after declining in April and May. Parking fees, particularly municipal fees, increased sharply in the second quarter, 0.4 percent in April, 5.0 percent in May, and 0.8 percent in June. Increases reflected higher labor costs following the end of the wage-price-rent freeze and efforts by local governments to boost revenues. Fares for public transportation—local transit, intercity buses, and taxis—increased moderately in the second quarter. Among other services, apparel and personal care services rose slightly each month during the second quarter. Increases for recreational services accelerated, particularly in June, because of seasonal rise in drive-in movie admissions and fees for golf greens. Diffusion of individual price changes Approximately 120,000 individual prices were collected directly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in June for use in the index. Approximately 80 percent of these quotations represent monthly comparisons. As can be seen from the following table, 74 percent of these monthly comparisons remained unchanged, 11 percent decreased, and 15 percent increased between May and June. The proportion of prices increasing, decreasing, and holding steady in June was about the same as in the previous month. The June index also includes 24,000 price comparisons to June from periods prior to May, of which 19,000 cover the quarterly span from March to June. About 13 percent of these increased, a slightly lower proportion than in last month's index. In addition, a little more than 5,000 rental units were surveyed in June and about 20 percent of these reported rent increases from December. About 4 percent of the 5,000 reported increases between May and June. Table B. Percent distribution of monthly price comparisons1 December to January Changes All items 2 January to February February to March March to April April to May May to June 100 100 100 100 100 100 Increases Decreases No change 14 11 75 22 8 70 15 10 75 14 12 74 13 12 75 15 11 74 Food at home 100 100 100 100 100 100 15 11 74 24 9 67 16 12 72 15 13 72 14 13 73 17 12 71 100 100 100 100 100 100 7 10 83 8 7 85 10 5 85 7 7 86 8 6 86 6 7 87 100 100 100 100 100 100 12 5 83 8 3 89 3 1 96 6 4 90 7 5 88 5 3 92 Increases Decreases No change Commodities less food Increases Decreases No change Services Increases Decreases No change .. . Regulations of the Economic Stabilization Program permit certain types of increases but it is not possible to determine whether allowable increases accounted for all increases shown in the above table. Based on approximately 98,000 individual price quotations. New Consumer Price Indexes by Size of City has developed a new set of consumer price indexes which measure price change in urban areas grouped by size of population. These indexes add a new dimension to analysis of price data by providing alternate measures for comparison with the U.S. city average and by permitting comparisons of price change among areas with different size populations. They will be published four times a year for the months of March, June, September, and December.* This article describes the new indexes and provides a brief analysis of their behavior over the 5-year period from December 1966 to December 1971. The new indexes are calculated from price data collected in 56 metropolitan and nonmetropolitan urban areas of the United States for the national Consumer Price Index. For the new price indexes* the 56 areas are grouped by their 1960 population into five groups. (See the listing of the areas included in each group at the end of the article.) The first group consists of the five largest metropolitan areas included in the national CPI, all with an urban population of at least 3.5 million (class A - l ) in 1960. The other groups had populations of 1.4 million to 3.5 million (class A-2); 250,000 to 1.4 million (class B ) ; 50,000 to 250,000 (class C); and 2,500 to 50,000 (class D ) , the later being nonmetropolitan urban areas. For each of the urban population classes, indexes for all items and for the subgroups of food, housing, apparel and upkeep, transportation, and health and recreation will be available. Table 1 shows the relative importance in the weighting structure of the U.S. City Average Consumer Price Index of the all items and major subgroup indexes for each urban classiTHE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Prepared by Richard C. Bahr, Mark R. Meiners, and Toshiko Nakayama, economists in the Division of Consumer Prices and Price Indexes, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Reprinted with corrections from the Monthly Labor Review, August 1972. * In the CPI detailed report. fication. (Tables 2 through 6 show historical indexes for the five population classes.) These new indexes are not designed to replace any of the individual city indexes currently published. The Bureau will continue to publish separate monthly indexes for each of the five largest metropolitan areas in the CPI and separate quarterly indexes for each of the 18 other areas. As is the case with indexes for individual areas, the indexes for urban areas classified by size of population cannot be used to determine differences in price levels or living costs at a point in time. They indicate only that prices in one group have changed more, less, or the same as in another. In addition, these new indexes should not be construed necessarily as the best indicator of price behavior for a given city or geographic area because that city or area falls within the population ranges of the new indexes. Population is only one of several factors that have a significant effect on price behavior in a city. For example, differences in price movement may also be related to differences in eco- Table 1. Relative importance 1 in the U.S. Consumer Price Index of all items and major groups, urban areas grouped by population,2 December 1971 All Items Food Housing Apparel and upkeep Transportation Health and recreation U.S. total.... 100.00 22.28 33.97 10.49 13.32 19.94 32.74 7.53 10.87 3.52 4.30 6.52 11.88 2.66 4.05 1.25 1.56 2.36 5.19 2.50 3.37 Population class 3.5 million or more (A-l) 1.4 to 3.5 million (A-2) 250,000 to 1.4 million (B) 50,000 to 250,000 2,500 to 50,000 (D). 25.85 5.46 9.00 2.65 3.55 12.50 17.03 2.77 3.86 4.23 5.82 1.32 1.75 1.68 2.23 1 These data indicate the percentage of the U.S. "all items" Consumer Price Index weight represented by each population size class index as of December 1971. 1 Based upon 1960 Census of Population. nomic structure, demographic characteristics, and geographic location. The Bureau intends to develop additional data that would permit analysis of price behavior by region in order to supply yet another dimension to its price data. Historical patterns The new indexes for urban areas show that between December 1966 and December 1971, the index of all items and the indexes for all subgroups of goods and services, except apparel and upkeep, tended to increase more (in percentage terms) in the larger urban population classes than in the smallest: Population class 3.5 million or more (A-l) 1.4 to 3.5 million (A-2) 250,000 to 1.4 million (B) AH items Food Housing Trans- Health, Apparel, por- recreaupkeep tation tion 26.3 22.5 29.4 23.0 25.4 28.4 25.2 20.6 28.2 25.4 22.5 27.2 24.6 19.9 29.3 24.1 18.7 26.5 percent in December 1967 to 6.1 percent in December 1969. In 1970 the rate of advance slowed to 5.5 percent and in December 1971 it was down to 3.4 percent. Annual percent changes in the all items indexes for each population class followed the same general pattern as those in the U.S. all items index, although there were differences in the magnitude of changes. Prices rose at about the same pace in each size class in 1967. However, when prices began to accelerate in 1968, the rates of increase (all items indexes) from December to December of each year began to diverge. The acceleration of price increases in 1968 and 1969 was greater in the larger population classes than in the smaller ones, and the deceleration in 1970 and 1971 was slightly less in the larger than in Table 2. Consumer Price Index for urban wage earners and clerical workers in areas with an urban population of 3.5 million or more (class A - l ) , 1 1 9 6 7 - 7 2 [1967=1001 50,000 to 250,000 (C) 2,500 to 50,000 (D) United States. 23.4 19.5 27.0 24.2 17.4 26.4 22.6 24.8 19.4 20.7 25.8 28.2 23.1 23.7 17.5 20.8 24.2 26.8 Period All items Food Housing Apparel and upkeep Transportation Health and recreation 99.0 99.7 100.8 101.6 100.0 99.1 99.7 100.7 101.2 100.0 99.4 99.8 100.3 101.2 100.0 99.0 99.8 101.8 102.4 100.0 98.5 99.7 101.0 101.7 100.0 98.6 99.4 101.2 102.3 100.0 102.8 104.0 105.5 106.6 104.3 102.3 103.5 105.0 105.5 103.8 102.4 103.5 105.3 106.6 103.9 103.5 105.0 108.3 109.4 105.4 103.2 103.7 103.3 104.3 103.5 103.6 104.8 106.2 107.6 105.2 108.5 110.0 111.7 113.4 110.2 106.7 109.3 111.3 113.7 109.5 108.7 109.9 112.4 113.9 110.5 110.5 111.1 113.9 114.2 111.4 109.0 109.1 108.1 111.1 108.7 108.9 110.9 112.4 113.2 110.9 115.4 117.2 118.9 120.4 117.4 115.3 116.4 116.8 116.7 116.2 116.7 118.8 120.8 123.4 119.0 114.8 115.4 118.6 118.7 115.7 113.6 116.1 117.5 121.2 117.0 115.1 117.1 119.1 120.5 117.3 121.5 123.2 124.2 124.8 123.0 118.7 121.1 121.1 122.0 120.2 123.5 125.4 127.3 128.4 125.6 118.4 119.3 121.3 120.9 119.0 123.0 124.0 123.4 123.3 123.3 122.3 123.9 125.1 125.4 123.8 126.3 127.1 124.4 125.1 129.8 131.1 121.6 120.4 124.1 125.1 126.8 128.2 1967 The index of all items for the'largest urban areas rose 26.3 percent between December 1966 and December 1971, 3.7 percentage points more than the increase for the smallest areas. Differences between these two were similar for the food, housing, and health and recreation subgroups. For the transportation subgroups, however, the difference between them was almost 8 percentage points. For the apparel and upkeep subgroup, the difference between increases in the largest and the smallest population classes was only 0.1 percentage point. The largest increase in apparel prices occurred in the 1.4 to 3.5 million population class. The increase for this class was 2.3 percentage points higher than that for the smallest class, still the smallest difference between size classes for any subgroup. March June... September December... Annual average.. 1968 March June . September December Annual average.. 1969 March. June.. September.. December Annual average.. 1970 March.. June... September . . December Annual average.. Relationship to overall price change 1971 March June... . September December Annual average.. Analyzing changes in indexes over the entire period (December 1966-December 1971) masks some aspects of the behavior of the indexes since significant changes in the overall behavior of prices occurred during the period. At the national level, the rate of increase in prices, measured in terms of December to December-percent changes, accelerated from 3.0 1972 March June.. 1 6 Based upon 1960 Census of Population. Analysis of the price indexes by subgroup for each population class (not shown in the tabulation) adds another dimension to the cyclical behavior of prices. Indexes for food followed the same general pattern as the all items indexes, although there were Variations in the magnitudes of price changes for each class. For other CPI subgroups the pattern was somewhat different. The rise in the indexes for housing accelerated in all population groups in 1968 and 1969, and in all except the 250,000 to 1.4 million class in 1970. In the latter class, the peak increase occurred in 1969, followed by a somewhat slower rise in 1970. The rate of price advance in housing for all population classes slowed substantially in 1971. Price changes for transportation were the only ones which showed a deceleration in 1968. The slowdown occurred in all population classes, but was particularly sharp in the smallest class. The rate of advance became faster in 1969, and continued to accelerate in 1970. The 9-percent increase for the largest population class was considerably larger than Table 3. Consumer Price Index for urban wage earners and clerical workers in areas with an urban population of 1.4 million to 3.5 million (class A-2), 1 1967-72 Table 4. Consumer Price Index for urban wage earners and clerical workers in areas with an urban population of 250,000 to 1.4 million (class B), 1 1967-72 [1967 = 100] [1967 = 100] the smaller, as the following tabulation shows: Urban population class 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 3.5 million and over (A-l) 1.4 to 3.5 million (A-2) 250,000 to 1.4 million (B) 50,000 to 250,000 (C) .. 2,500 to 50,000 (D) . . . . United States Period 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.0 4.9 5.1 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.7 6.4 6.2 6.5 5.6 5.4 6.1 6.2 5.4 5.0 4.9 5.3 5.5 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.4 Health and recreation Apparel and upkeep Transportation 100.5 101.3 100.0 98.7 99.8 100.6 102.2 100.0 98.9 99.9 100.6 101.9 100.0 99.4 101.0 102.4 100.0 March June September December Annual average. 102.3 103.5 105.0 105.6 103.7 102.5 104.3 105.6 107.3 104.4 102.9 105.7 106.7 109.1 105.5 102.5 103.2 103.4 105.2 103.3 104.3 105.2 106.1 107.9 105.4 March June September December Annual average. 108.4 110.1 111.7 113.4 110.4 106.6 109.4 111.0 113.3 109.4 108.9 110,4 112.9 114.4 111.1 109.8 111.9 112.9 115.6 112.0 107.7 108.6 108.2 110.1 108.2 109.1 110.5 112.1 113.2 110.8 March June September December Annual average 114.8 116.3 117.8 119.5 116.6 114.5 115.4 116.0 116.1 115.3 117.0 118.0 120.5 122.1 118.8 114.4 116.6 117.1 120.1 116.7 110.0 113.2 114.2 118.4 113.3 114.9 116.7 118.3 119.8 116.9 March June. September December Annual average. 120.2 121.7 122.6 123.6 121.7 117.6 119.0 118.6 120.2 118.5 122.1 123.5 125.9 126.9 124.2 119.3 120.8 121.3 123.3 120.9 118.4 121.1 120.1 120.3 119.8 121.5 122.6 124.1 124.3 122.8 March June September December Annual average All items Food Housing 99.0 99.7 100.7 101.6 100.0 98.9 99.8 101.0 100.7 100.0 99.2 99.8 102.9 104.3 105.4 106.8 104.4 Period June September December Annual average 1 124.2 125.1 121.9 122.4 Based upon 1960 Census of Population. 98.9 99.8 100.7 101.6 100.0 99.1 100.1 100.4 100.8 100.0 99.0 99.7 100.8 101.6 100.0 98.8 100.0 100.5 102.0 100.0 98.7 99.9 100.8 101.7 100.0 98.9 99.6 100.8 102.0 100.0 102.7 103.9 104.8 106.2 104.0 102.4 103.2 104.0 105.0 103.3 102.6 104.1 105.3 107.1 104.3 102.8 104.7 106.1 108.0 104.9 102.2 103.1 102.9 103.4 102.8 103.6 104.5 105.6 107.0 104.8 107.9 109.8 111.1 113.1 109.9 106.0 108.7 110.5 112.5 108.8 109.3 111.6 113.0 115.2 111.6 108.6 111.4 112.4 114.9 111.3 106.2 106.4 105.6 107.9 106.2 108.3 109.6 111.7 112.9 110.1 114.5 116.3 117.3 118.7 116.2 113.9 114.6 115.2 114.6 114.4 118.0 120.0 121.6 123.2 120.0 114.4 115.9 116.6 119.2 116.2 107.3 111.0 110.6 114.5 110.3 114.4 115.9 117.5 118.7 116.1 119.2 120.9 121.6 122.7 120.8 116.0 118.1 118.0 119.5 117.5 122.6 124.1 125.5 127.2 124.5 118.4 120.0 120.4 122.0 120.0 115.4 116.9 116.1 116.3 116.0 120.3 121.6 123.4 123.8 121.9 123.4 124.5 121.6 122.1 127.9 128.6 121.1 123.0 115.5 117.9 124.9 1972 1972 March June Health and recreation 1971 1971 March June September December Annual average Transportation 1970 1970 March June September •_. December Annual average Apparel and upkeep 1969 1969 March Housing 1968 1968 March June September December Annual average Food 1967 1967 March.... June September December Annual average. All items 127.7 128.8 122.2 122.7 119.6 121.1 125.3 126.3 March June 1 Based upon 1960 Census of Population. 125.9 that for the other population classes, reflecting widespread increases in local transit fares. By comparison with the 9-percent rise in the largest population category, transportation prices rose 7.5 percent in areas with 1.4 to 3.5 million population, and about 6 percent in the other three areas. In contrast, in 1971, the increases in the three largest classes were each 1.6 percent, 0.6 percent in groupings with 50,000-250,000 population, and 0.9 percent in groupings with 2,500 to 50,000 population. Repeal of the automobile excise tax in the second half of 1971 contributed to the slowdown that year. Compared with other CPI subgroups, health and recreation indexes ascended steadily upward in 1967, 1968, and 1969 in all the population strata. In 1970, the rate of advance accelerated sharply, ranging from 6.4 percent in the largest population category to 5.8 percent in the next largest category, and about 5 percent in the three smallest population categories. With the wage-price-rent freeze in effect after August 15, 1971, increases that year slowed to a rate of 3.7 percent in the smallest population category, to 3.8 percent in the 1.4 to 3.5 million class, and from 4.1 percent to 4.3 percent in other classes. The indexes for apparel and upkeep rose at a more rapid rate in 1968 than in 1967. Subsequently, however, the rate of advance slowed in all classes except the 250,000 to 1.4 million category. In this class, the rise in the index continued to accelerate through 1969, slowed in 1970, and became slightly faster in 1971. In contrast to the indexes for other subgroups, which usually showed larger increases in the largest classes, the increases in the index for apparel and upkeep in the largest classes each year were not the biggest. Table 5. Consumer Price Index for urban wage earners and clerical workers in areas with urban population of 50,000 to 250,000 (class C ) , 1 1 9 6 7 - 7 2 Table 6. Consumer Price Index for urban wage earners and clerical workers in areas with urban population of 2,500 to 50,000 (class D ) , 1 1 9 6 7 - 7 2 [1967=100] [1967=100] Period All items Food Housing Apparel and upkeep Transportation Health and recreation 98.7 99.9 100.6 101.8 100.0 99.1 100.1 100.3 100.9 100.0 98.8 99.9 100.7 101.5 100.0 98.3 100.1 100.5 102.5 100.0 98.3 100.1 100.7 102.0 100.0 98.5 99.5 100.9 102.7 100.0 103.0 104.1 105.1 106.5 104.3 102.3 103.5 104.0 104.9 103.3 102.8 103.8 105.2 107.1 104.3 103.1 105.7 107.5 109.7 105.9 102.5 102.5 102.7 103.6 102.7 107.9 109.6 110.7 112.5 109.7 106.1 108.8 110.4 112.1. 108.8 108.6 110.4 111.8 113.5 110.5 109.5 111.3 112.0 114.9 111.5 113.9 115.5 116.5 118.0 115.5 113.6 114.2 114.7 113.6 113.9 116.1 117.7 119.6 121.4 118.0 118.5 120.5 120. 121. 120. 115.6 117.9 117.8 119.0 117.1 122. 123. 121.4 121.4 All items Food Housing Apparel and upkeep Transportation Health and recreation 1967 March June September December Annual average.. 98.8 99.9 100.7 101.6 100.0 99.3 100.0 100.5 100.5 100.0 98.9 99.8 100.7 101.5 100.0 98.2 99.9 100.3 102.9 100.0 98.5 100.0 100.8 101.9 100.0 98.8 99.6 100.8 102.1 100.0 104.3 105.7 106.7 107.9 105.7 1968 March June September December Annual average.. 102.6" 103.9 104.8 106.0 104.0 -102.2 103.3 104.0 104.8 103.2 102.5 103.7 105.1 106.8 104.1 102.8 105.1 106.2 109.0 105.3 102.8 103.7 103.6 102.7 103.1 103.2 104.4 105.3 106.7 104.5 106.5 106.8 106.0 108.6 106.6 108.8 110.6 112.1 113.0 110.7 1969 March. . . June September December Annual average.. 107.3 109.0 110.2 111.7 109.1 105.5 108.2 109.7 111.6 108.2 108.4 109.9 111.7 113.0 110.2 108.8 111.1 111.9 114.3 111.1 106.2 106.5 105.2 107.4 105.9 107.6 108.9 110.8 111.5 109.3 114.8 116.6 116.0 119.7 116.4 108.7 111.6 111.2 114. 111. 113.8 115.7 117.4 118.6 115.9 1970 March June September December _ Annual average.. 113.1 114.9 115.9 117.6 114.9 113.1 114.2 114.8 114.4 113.9 115.8 117.4 119.2 121.0 117.7 114.1 115.8 115.9 118.6 115.7 107.0 110.2 109.8 114.0 109.7 112.3 114.3 115.7 117.4 114.i 121.0 122.9 123.9 125.3 123.0 118.7 120.9 120.1 122.1 120.3 115. 117. 115. 115. 116.0 119.6 121.3 123.3 123.7 121.6 June September December . Annual average.. 118.0 119.9 120.1 121.0 119.5 115.7 118.1 117.8 119.0 117.3 120.9 122.4 123.1 124.2 122.4 118.2 120.3 119.1 121.7 119.6 114.2 116.7 115.4 115.0 115.2 118.( 120.( 121.4 121.1 120.1 126.1 127.9 120.6 123.6 115.3 116.7 124.2 125.1 1972 March. . . June 121.9 122.8 120.8 121.7 125.5 126.3 120.6 122.2 114.7 116.2 122.1f 123.3 Period 1967 March June September December Annual average. 1968 March June September December Annual average. 1969 March June.. September December Annual average. 1970 March..... June September December Annual average. 1971 March June September December Annual average. March 1$72 March June 1 1 Based upon 1960 Census of Population. 8 1971 . Based upon 1960 Census of Population. Statistical analysis The foregoing analysis indicates that there are some differences in the rate of price change by urban area classified by population size. The differences, however, are small and do not always show a consistent pattern. Therefore, to determine whether price changes by population size are statistically significant with respect to time and each other, a series of analytical tests were undertaken. The first test, a Areas included in each population class (based on 1960 Census of Population) Class A'l: 3.5 million or more Chicago, 111.—Northwestern Indiana Detroit, Mich. Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif. New York, N.Y.—Northeastern New Jersey Philadelphia, Pa. Class A-2: 1.4 to 3.5 million Class C: 50,000 to 250,000 Baltimore, Md. Boston, Mass. Cleveland, Ohio Pittsburgh, Pa. St. Louis, Mo. San Francisco-Oakland, Calif. Washington, D.C Austin, Tex. Bakersfield, Calif. Baton Rouge, La. Cedar Rapids, Iowa Champaign-Urbana, 111. Durham, N.C. Green Bay, Wis. Lancaster, Pa. Orlando, Fla. Portland, Me. Class B: 250,000 to 1.4 million Atlanta, Ga. Buffalo, N.Y. Cincinnati, Ohio Dallas, Tex. Dayton, Ohio Denver, Colo. Hartford, Conn. Honolulu, Hawaii Houston, Tex. Indianapolis, Ind. Kansas City, Mo. Milwaukee, Wis. Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn. Nashville, Tenn. San Diego, Calif. Seattle, Wash. Wichita, Kansas regression analysis, was done by taking the natural log of the quarterly "all items" indexes for the five population classes and the United States as functions of time, for example, Log CPI = a-fb (time). The coefficient (b) of the independent variable (time) is the average quarterly rate of change in the index between December 1966 and December 1971. When multiplied by 100, this change gives the average quarterly percentage change in the index over this period. The results of these regressions, shown in table 7, indicate a great deal of similarity in the average quarterly percentage changes with the range going from a low of 1.13 percent in the smallest population class to a high of 1.33 percent in the largest class. The results also show that during this period the trend of upward price movement was greater the larger the population group. The coefficient on the time variable for each group compares with an average quarterly percent change of 1.25 for the U.S. "all items" CPI over the same period. In each case the coefficient revealed by the regression was found to be highly significant. To test whether the quarterly rates of change found in the preceding analysis are significantly different from one another, another log equation was employed. The second method was to take the log of the ratio of the two indexes which were to be compared as a function of time: Log (CPIA1/CPIA2) = a + p (time) This is the same as substracting the log equations in the preceding analysis: Log (CPIA1/CPIA2) = = = = Class D: 2,500 to 50,000 Log CPIA1 - Log CPIA2 a+b time — (a'+b' time) (a—a') + (b—b') time a-\-fi time. If the difference between the two regression co- Anchorage, Alas. Crookston, Minn. Devil's Lake, N. ]Dak. Findlay, Ohio Florence, Ala. Kingston, N.Y. Klamath Falls, Oreg. Logansport, Ind. McAllen, Tex. Mangum, Okla. Martinsville, Va. Millville, N.J. Niles, Mich. Orem, Utah Southbridge, Mass. Union, S.C. Vicksburg, Miss. Table 7. Results of regression analysis * testing statistical significance of findings Dependent Variable2 Standard error t Value Coefficient of determination (R2) Log(Al-CPI) Log(A2-CPI) Log(B-CPI Log(C-CPI) tog(D-CPI) Log(U.S.-CPI).... 1 b Coefficient 0.013305 0.012555 0.012193 0.011690 0.011375 0.012460 0.000233 0.000191 0.000236 0.000177 0.000184 0.000201. 59.18 65.86 51.77 66.22 61.91 62.12 0.995 0.996 0.993 0.996 0.995 0.995 Regression equation: Log (CPI)=a+b (time). " A l " refers to urban areas with population of 3.5 millon or more; "A2", 1.4 to 3. million; "B", 250,000 to 1.4 million; "C", 50,000 to 250,000; and "D", 2,500 to 50,000. 2 9 efficients or rate of change in prices of the original equations is not significant it will be indicated by the resulting "t" test of the coefficient 0=(b—b'). The results of applying the test to all the possible combinations of the new all items indexes are given in table 81. These indicate that the average quarterly percentage change in price for any one population class is significantly different from that of any other population class even at the 1-percent level of significance (at which the "t" test value with 18 degrees of freedom is 2.88). The "t" values along with the coefficients also indicate that the extent to which the quarterly price movements differ from one another increases as the difference in the size of the population classes increases. These results support the earlier regression results which indicated a faster pace of price movement the larger the urban Table 8. Results of regression analysis l testing significance of findings Dependent variable' b Coeffi- Standard cient error t Value Coefficient of determination (R1) Log (A1-CPI/A2-CPI) Log (Al-CPI/B-CPI) Log (Al-CPI/C-CPI) Log (Al-CPI/D-CPI) 0.000749 0.001111 0.001615 0.001929 0.000109 0.000122 0.000144 0.000105 6.84 9.12 11.20 18.45 0.722 0.822 0.874 0.950 Log (A2-CPI/B-CPI) Log (A2-CPI/C-CPI) Log (A2-CPI/D-CPI) 0.000362 0.000866 0.001180 0.000078 0.000079 0.000077 4.62 11.02 15.27 0.543 0.871 0.928 Log (B-CPI/C-CPI) Log (B-CPI/D-CPI) 0.000504 0.000818 0.000090 0.000097 5.58 8.48 0.633 0.800 Log (C-CPI/D-CPI) 0.000314 0.000064 4.92 0.574 areas. - FOOTNOTE 1 1 Regression equation: * See footnote 2, table 7. • In testing any two indexes, it does not matter which way the ratio is tested (Log(Ai/A 2 ) or (Log(A 2 /Ai)) since this only affects the sign of the coefficient and not the significance test. The test used is a two-tailed "t" test. = a + p (time). 10 CHART 1. ALL ITEMS INDEX AND ITS RATE OF CHANGE, 1963-72 (1967=100) SEMILOG 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 65 JUN 125.0 CPI flLL ITEMS INDEX (NOT SEflSONflLLY flDJUSTEO) PERCENT CHflNGE OVER 1-MONTH SPflN (SEflSONflLLY flOJUSTED) JUN 0.1 8RITH. SCflL 0.7 0,6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 PERCENT CHflNGE OVER 3-MONTH SPflN (flNNUflL RflTE. SEflSONflLLY ROJUSTED) JUN 2.2 IRITH. PERCENT CHflNGE OVER 6-MONTH SPflN (flNNUflL RflTE, SEflSONflLLY flOJUSTED) iCRlf PERCENT CHflNGE OVER 12-MONTH SPflN ~ 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1/ Computed from the unadjusted s e r i e s . UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 11 1969 1970 1971 1972 CHART 2. TOTAL FOOD INDEX AND ITS RATE OF CHANGE, 1963-72 0967*100} JUN 122.6 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 CPI TOTflL FOOD INDEX (SEflSONRLLY flDJUSTEO) 0.2 PERCENT CHflNGE OVER 1-MONTH SPflN (SEflSONfiLLY flDJUSTEO) 90 flRITH. SCRLE .6 1.4 1.2 LO 0.8 85 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 PERCENT CHflNGE OVER 3-MONTH SPflN (flNNUflL RflTE. SEflSONflLLY flOJUSTEO) JUN 0.0 2 10 e 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 PERCENT CHflNGE OVER 6-MONTH SPflN CflNNUflL RflTE. SEflSONflLLY flOJUSTEO) JUN 3.5 6 4 2 0 KB: -2 PERCENT CHfltfSE OVER 12-MONTH SPflN " JUN 3.2 \ I..I.. ..li.l..!.. ..1..1 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 17 Computed from the unadjusted s e r i e s . UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 12 1969 1970 1971 1972 CHART 3. COMMODITIES LESS FOOD INDEX AND ITS RATE OF CHANGE, 1963-72 (1967=100) SEMILOG 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 JUN 119.2 CPI COMMODITIES LESS FOOO INDEX (SEflSONflLLY flOJUSTEO) 90 85 PERCENT CHfiNGE OVER 1-MONTH SPflN (SEflSONflLLY flOJUSTEO) IJH. JUN 0.0 CflL 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 PERCENT CHflNGE OVER 3-MONTH SPflN (flNNUflL RflTE. SEflSONflLLY flOJUSTEO) RRITH. SCflLE 6 JUN 2.7 4 2 0 -2 PERCENT CHflNGE OVER 6-MONTH SPflN (flNNUflL RflTE. SEflSONflLLY flOJUSTEO) WITH 5CALE 1/ PERCENT CHflNGE OVER 12-MONTH SPflN - JUN 2.0 ,t,,t 1963 1/ 1964 1965 1966 1967 Computed from the unadjusted s e r i e s . UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 13 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 CHART 4. SERVICES INDEX AND ITS RATE OF CHANGE, 1963-72 (1967=100) 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 (NOT SEflSONflLLY flQJUSTEQ) 95 90 PERCENT CHflNGE OVER 1-MONTH SPflN (NOT SEflSONflLLY flOJUSTEO) 85 PERCENT CHflNGE OVER 3-MONTH SPflN (flNNUflL RflTE. NOT SEflSONflLLY flOJUSTEO) 2 10 e 6 4 2 0 PERCENT CHflNGE OVER 6-MONTH SPflN (flNNUflL RflTE. NOT SEflSONflLLY flOJUSTEO) mit PERCENT CHflN6E OVER 12-MONTH SPflN 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 14 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Table 1. Consumer Price Index—United States city average for wage earners and clerical workers, by commodity and service groups, and expenditure classes Groups Relative importance December Unadjusted indexes 1967=100 unless otherwise noted June 1972 Unadjusted percent change to fremJune 1971 May- Seasonally adjusted percent change from previous month April|MarchI April I May Commodity and service groups All items All items (1957-59-100) 125.0 145.4 Commodit ies 124.7 145.0 62.59 120.7 22.19 17.23 2.28 5.64 2.72 3.03 3.56 4.96 123.0 120.9 114.5 126.4 117.0 127.2 114.5 130.9 122.3 120.2 114.7 124.8 117.3 123.9 116.0 130.4 Commodities less food 0.2 120.3 Food Food at home Cereals and bakery products Meats, poultry, and fishDairy products Fruits and vegetables Other foods at home Food away from home 0.3 40.40 119.4 23.63 9.03 2.82 4.02 1.57 14.60 2.92 2.09 2.50 .67 6.42 119.5 122.4 121.9 122.6 124.7 117.9 106.8 134.0 119.1 117.8 118.0 119.7 122.9 122.4 123.4 124.6 117.9 107.4 133.2 119.5 118.7 117.8 Durables commodities-' Household durables New cars Used c a r s — Other durables 16.77 4.83 2.12 1.98 7.84 119.2 115.1 111.3 113.4 126.2 118.4 114.8 111.4 110.0 125.5 Services less rent Household services less rentTransportation services Medical care services Other services 37.41 5.05 32.36 15.36 5.57 5.55 5.88 133.1 118.8 135.7 138.9 136.0 138.0 125.6 132.7 118.3 135.3 138.5 135.8 137.6 125.3 Special indexes: All items less f o o d — Nondurable commoditiesApparel commodities less footwear Services less medical care services Insurance and finance Utilities and public transportation Housekeeping and home maintenance service 77.81 45.82 7.46 31.86 9.85 5.51 4.46 125.7 121.2 122.0 132.4 143.5 125.8 144.2 3.2 3.0 .3 7.7 1.1 1.7 - .2 4.0 .2 .4 .4 .6 .1 0 .6 .6 .3 2.2 1.7 .4 2.3 2.5 2.6 .8 6.9 2.1 .3 2.4 125.4 121.0 122.6 132.0 143.0 125.7 143.5 .2 .2 - .2 .7 - .4 1.6 119.2 Nondurables less f o o d — Apparel commodities If Men's and boys' — Women's and girls' Footwear Nondurables less food and apparel Gasoline and motor oil Tobacco productsAlcoholic beveragesFuel oil and coal Other nondurables .6 .6 - .2 1.3 - .3 2.7 1.3 .4 •— Services - .1 .2 .1 .7 .4 .1 1.4 .3 .1 .2 .1 .6 .3 .7 .5 •3 .5 .3 .4 .3 .3 .1 .3 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .3 .2 .8 .6* .3* .5 .2 .4 .2 .2 0 .2 .5 1.5 .4* .2* .3 .3 .1 .2 .8 - .1 .4 .1 - .7 .2* .3* .3 .3 1.5 1.8 2.3 - .6 3.2 .3 .3 .5 3.1* .4 .3 .3 - .1 3.4* .3 .1 .2 .5 2.4* .3 3.8 3.1 3.9 5.5 1.4 3.4 2.5 .3* .4* .3* .4 .1 .4 .1 .2* .2* .2* .6 .4 .2 .1 .3* .3* .2* .1 .1 .3 .2 2.9 2.6 1.6 3.9 4.2 4.8 4.8 .7 .3 - .1 3.1 .6 - .2 0 .2 .3* .6 .2 .3 .4 .2 .1 .2* .6 .5 .3 .2 0 .2 .3* .1 .2 - Expenditure classes All items 100.00 125.0 Food 22.19 123.0 122.3 Housing—' Shelter 2/ 33.84 21.72 5.05 16.25 4.71 2.43 7.41 129.0 134.1 118.8 139.6 120.1 120.3 121.0 128.5 133.4 118.3 138.9 120.1 120.5 120.8 Apparel and upkeep 10.45 122.1 122.5 Transportation Private Public 13.27 11.80 1.47 120.0 117.6 143.0 Health and recreation-' Medical care Personal care Reading and recreation— Other goods and services 19.87 6.46 2.58 5.71 5.12 78.28 93.54 96.25 Homeownership 3f Fuel and utilities 4/ Gas and electricity Household furnishings and operation Special indexes: All items less shelter All items less medical care All items less mortgage interest costs Purchasing power of consumer dollar: 196 7-$l.00 1957-59-$!.00 If Also includes 2/ Also includes 2J Includes home kj Also includes * Not seasonally NOTE: 0.3 .4 .5 .4 .5 0 - .2 .2 0.2 - .1 .6 - .1 4.0 4.5 3.1 5.0 4.8 5.0 1.9 .4* .5 .3 .2 .2 .2* .5 .2* .4 .3 .3 .1 .2* .3 .3* .3 .3 .2 .3 119.5 117.1 142.7 .3 0 2.9 .2 .2 .4 .5 .6 .4 .1 0 .6 126.1 132.4 120.0 122.9 125.6 125.8 132.0 119.7 122.5 125.4 3.3 3.0 2.7 3.0 4.4 .2* .5 .3 .3 0 .2* .2 .5 .1 .4 .4* .2 .3 .3 .6 122.7 124.6 124.2 122.4 124.3 123.8 2.4 2.9 2.9 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .2 .2 $0,800 .688 .2 .2 .3 $0,802 .690 infants' wear, sewing materials, and jewelry not shown separately. hotel and motel rates not shown separately. purchase, mortgage interest, taxes, insurance, and maintenance and repairs. residential telephone, fuel oil, coal, water and sewerage service not shown separately. adjusted. Index applies to month as a whole, not to any specific date. 0.2 15 Table 2. Consumer Price Index—United States and selected areas for urban wage earners and clerical workers, all items most recent index and percent changes from selected dates Indexes Area 1/ Pricing schedule 2/ 1967=100 1957-59=100 Percent change from: Other bases June 1972 Chicago Detroit Los Angeles-Long Beach N.Y.-Northeastern N.J. Philadelphia -- H M M M M March 1972 June 1971 125.0 U.S. City Average May 1972 145.4 0.2 0.8 2.9 124.2 126.0 121.7 130.9 126.5 141.1 144.7 143.2 155.8 147.8 .4 .4 .2 .3 .3 .8 .8 .4 .7 .6 2.7 3.4 2.5 3.8 1.9 April 1972 Boston Houston Minneapolis-St. Paul Pittsburgh 126.2 124.8 124.2 124.7 January 1972 151.2 142.8 144.0 143.4 1.0 1.3 .3 1.2 February 1972 May 1972 Buffalo --Cleveland Dallas Milwaukee San Diego Seattle --Washington 126.1 126.1 124.6 122.8 123.8 118.8 125.6 3/ 138.5 1.0 .2 3/ 134.7 . 7 142.3 138.6 4/ 130.1 139.6 146.3 March 1972 June 1972 Atlanta Baltimore Cincinnati Honolulu Kansas City St. Louis San Francisco-Oakland 124.8 125.5 124.6 122.2 123.9 121.9 124.3 143.5 145.7 141.4 5/ 131.7 147.1 142.4 147.9 .5 1.2 - .2 .7 .5 1.3 - .2 1.2 .9 1.1 April 1971 3.7 4.4 3.2 3.1 May 1971 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.1 3.6 2.9 2.8 June 1971 2.0 1.6 3.2 3.1 2.7 1.7 3.7 1/ Area coverage includes the urban portion of the corresponding Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) except for New York and Chicago where the more extensive Standard Consolidated Areas are used. Area definitions are those established for the 1960 Census and do not include revisions made since I960. 1} Foods, fuels, and several other items priced every month in all cities; most other goods and services priced as indicated: M - Every month. 1 - January, April, July, and October. 2 - February, May, August, and November. 3 - March, June, September, and December. 3/ 4/ 5/ November 1963=100. February 1965=100. December 1963=100. NOTE: The Consumer Price Index cannot be used for measuring differences in living costs among areas; it indicates price change within areas. Estimates of differences in living costs among areas are found in the family budgets. 16 Table 3. Consumer Price Index—United States and selected areas 1/ for urban wage earners and clerical workers, major groups, percent change from May 1972 to June 1972 U.S. city average Chicago All items 0.2 0.4 0.4 Food — — — — Housing Apparel and upkeep - — Transportation — Health and recreation Medical care Personal care Reading and recreation Other goods and services .6 .4 -.3 .4 .2 .3 .3 .3 .2 1.3 .3 -.1 -.3 .1 -.1 (2/) -.1 .2 1.1 .2 -.6 1.1 .0 .4 (2/) -.2 -.2 Group Detroit New YorkNortheastern New Jersey Philadelphia 0.2 0.3 0.3 .8 .6 -.2 -1.3 .3 .4 (2/) .1 .7 .6 .6 -1.7 .2 .6 .7 (2/) 1.1 .2 .0 .9 -.1 .2 .4 .1 (2/) .4 .9 Los AngelesLong Beach jL/ See footnote 1, table 2. 2/ Not available. Table 4. Consumer Price Index—United States city average for urban wage earners and clerical workers for selected groups, seasonally adjusted (1967=100) Percent changes to June 1972 from; Indexes Group June 1972 May 1972 March 1972 Food Food at hoi Cereals and bakery products Meats, poultry and fish Dairy products Fruits and vegetables Other food at home 122.6 120.4 114.6 126.0 116.9 122.7 116.8 122.4 120.2 114.8 125.1 117.4 120.8 117.8 122.6 120.8 114.8 126.8 117.5 121.4 116.8 0.2 .2 -.2 .7 -.4 1.6 -.8 .0 -.3 -.2 -.6 -.5 1.1 Fuel and utilities 1/ Fuel oil and coal 120.3 118.3 120.0 118.9 119.4 118-.2 .3 -.5 .8 .1 Apparel and upkeep 2/ — Men's and boys' Women's and girls' Footwear 121.9 121.5 122.6 124.6 122.1 121.9 123.0 124.2 121.5 120.7 123.1 123.5 -.2 -.3 -.3 .3 .3 .7 -.4 .9 Transportation Private Automobiles, new — - 119.5 116.9 112.1 119.3 116.7 111.5 118.6 116.0 111.1 .2 .2 .5 .8 .8 .9 Commodities Commodities less food Nondurables — Nondurables less food Apparel commodities Durables • 120.5 119.2 121.0 119.5 122.3 118.7 120.3 119.2 121.0 119.7 122.5 118.3 119.9 118.4 120.8 119.1 122.0 117.8 .2 .0 .0 -.2 -.2 .3 .5 .7 .2 .3 .2 .8 1 month ago 1/ Also includes telephone, water, and sewerage service not shown separately. 2/ Also includes infants' wear, sewing materials, jewelry, and apparel upkeep services not shown separately. 17 3 months ago Table 5. Consumer Price Index—United States and selected areas 1/ for urban wage earners and clerical workers, commodity groups, June 19-72, and percent changes from March 1972 U.S. city average Group Atlanta Baltimore Chicago Cincinnati Detroit Indexes (1967=100) A H items ——————————————————————— 125.0 124.8 125.5 124.2 124.6 126.0 122.2 123.0 120.9 114.5 126.4 117.0 127.2 114.5 130.9 123.6 121.1 118.2 123.7 119.0 132.0 114.4 131.4 123.2 120.9 111.9 124.7 118.6 127.7 117.0 132.3 123.9 122.6 114.1 129.1 116.1 130.4 115.8 128.7 124.4 123.4 117.0 124.9 120.0 134.0 117.5 128.2 122.4 121.0 114.5 129.6 113.3 124.4 112.2 128.7 121.3 118.1 105.9 123.2 117.9 122.1 115.8 130.5 129.0 134.1 118.8 139.6 120.1 117.8 120.3 121.0 131.2 135.9 117.0 141.6 125.4 124.3 128.5 (2/) 135.6 115.3 113.4 115.7 117.2 124.3 128.8 109.5 137.7 121.1 117.5 114.4 133.3 142.9 120.1 147.5 116.1 113.9 117.3 115.1 124.0 129.2 127.5 130.2 109.8 124.1 124.0 130.7 138.1 112.4 148.8 117.0 114.9 117.2 122.9 Apparel and upkeep Men's and boys* Women's and girls' Footwear 122.1 121.9 122.6 124.7 116.8 121.0 111.5 116.6 122.4 127.4 115.5 130.2 119.1 117.1 121.3 117.7 121, 122, 118, 130.6 117.4 116.9 114.0 125.1 120.3 113.9 123.8 115.7 Transportation Private — Public 120.0 117.6 ' 143.0 113.1 115.8 78.8 116.1 115.3 121.1 123.7 117.9 160.4 124.2 119.1 163.5 116.8 114.3 147.5 123.4 125.3 112.8 Health and recreation Medical care Personal care Reading and recreation Other goods and services 126.1 132.4 120.0 122.9 125.6 128.4 140.2 123.7 123.4 119.4 127.9 142.1 121.5 125.3 120.3 127.5 131.1 120.7 124.1 130.9 127.1 136.7 125.4 119.2 125.7 128.2 141.1 (2/> 124.0 121.1 121.1 126.8 120.8 121.9 113.9 Food Food at home — Cereals and bakery products Meats, poultry, and fish Dairy products . Fruits and vegetables Other foods at home Food away from home ~ Hous ing Setr hle — — — — — — — — — — — — — Homeownership Fuel and utilities Fuel oil and coal Gas and electricity Household furnishings and operation 104.3 115.0 Percent changes from March 1972 to June 1972 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.8 1.3 0.8 -0.2 .5 .2 -.3 -.3 -.3 4.8 -1.9 1.2 .8 .6 1.8 .4 1.1 3.3 -2.0 1.2 -.6 -1.1 -4.7 -1.3 -1.2 2.8 -1.4 1.7 1.0 .9 -2.5 .7 -.8 7.1 -.1 1.1 .6 .6 .8 -.9 -.8 6.2 -1.7 .9 .3 .0 -1.0 -.4 -3.3 9.1 -4.0 1.5 -1.5 -2.4 .3 -.8 .3 -8.9 -2.1 .9 .9 1.1 .9 1.0 .4 -.8 .5 .7 1.2 1.3 .7 1.5 1.1 .6 .9 (2/) 1.0 -.3 .0 -.6 .3 1.1 1.4 .4 1.8 .0 .0 -.1 1.0 1.1 .9 2/.5 .9 2.7 .0 2.3 1.1 .2 .2 .8 -.1 .0 1.6 .6 1.6 2.4 .6 3.0 .0 .0 .2 .7 Apparel and upkeep Men's and boys' — Women's and girls' Footwear — .7 1.3 .1 1.0 -.2 -.3 .0 -.7 -1.5 -1.3 -3.3 1.6 -.4 .1 -1.9 1.3 .2 -1.1 1.6 .2 .4 1.7 -1.3 2.3 -.1 .3 -.9 1.0 Transportation Private Public - 1.4 1.5 .5 .7 .8 1.4 .6 .8 -.4 1.6 2.1 -.6 4.2 4.8 .7 1.0 1.2 -1.0 .5 .6 .0 Health and recreation — Medical care Personal care Reading and recreation — Other goods and services .8 1.1 i.o .9 1.6 .3 .7 .4 .9 1.4 2.1 .5 .3 1.2 .6 2.3 1.8 .7 .3 1.2 .5 1.4 ,4 .6 .3 .2 .3 .5 .2 All items Food Food at home Cereals and bakery products Meats, poultry, and fish Dairy products Fruits and vegetables Other foods at home Food away from home Housing She1ter Homeownership Fuel and utilities Fuel oil and coal Gas and electricity Household furnishings and operation .8 See footnotes at end of table. 18 (2/) .9 -.2 -.1 .3 Table 5. Consumer Price Index—United States and selected areas 1/ for urban wage earners and clerical workers, commodity groups, June 1972, and percent changes from March 1972—Continued Group Kansas City Los AngelesLong Beach New YorkNortheastern Philadelphia New Jersey Indexes (1967=100) St. Louis San FranciscoOakland — _ 123.9 121.7 130.9 126.5 121.9 124.3 Fo — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — od 123.2 121.1 117.0 125.6 126.4 120.5 114.5 129.6 120.0 119.0 111.5 127.4 114.8 121.7 112.9 122.6 128.1 124.6 116.9 129.9 120.2 133.1 115.8 138.9 123.0 119.8 114.9 125.5 118.6 123.3 111.0 136.3 122.0 119.9 120.0 121.1 119.5 129.7 110.1 132.0 121.2 119.9 112.7 126.4 115.4 123.2 114.2 126.1 126.0 131.9 110.5 140.2 115.4 126.8 129.4 (2/) 132.8 127.0 130.1 117.5 130.2 139.3 (2/) 143.4 117.1 111.9 122.4 121.7 121.8 124.0 108.3 128.4 116.8 119.4 120.0 120.2 131.5 135.9 129.2 139.3 127.5 116.3 117.2 135.8 141.7 125.6 153.8 124.8 120.4 123.6 126.8 118.1 119.2 126.5 125.9 127.9 130.4 120.0 116.8 123.9 122.7 121.5 121.7 119.8 123.8 120.0 122.1 115.0 127.1 119.5 115.5 120.8 127.5 119.7 118.9 120.3 121.4 119.6 118.4 140.0 115.4 115.3 116.7 132.9 125.1 162.8 125.5 122.6 142.3 120.6 118.3 144.9 120.1 119.3 133.6 124.7 128.9 121.7 117.5 130.1 120.1 128.3 114.4 113.6 119.2 131.3 140.3 (2/) 127.5 131.5 129.7 140.9 (2/) 126.0 126.2 123.7 126.0 123.4 118.4 126.3 120.8 126.8 115.6 117.4 118.7 All if»mc A i l J. ucino — ——— _ ————————.—w..«— .«. Food at home Cereals and bakery products Meats, poultry, and fish Dairy products Fruits and vegetables Other foods at home Food away from home - Hous ing Shelter Homeownership Fuel and utilities Fuel oil and coal Gas and electricity Household furnishings and operation Apparel and upkeep Men's and boys' Women's and girls' r OO cW6<HT ™•-*"•————•———————_—_._«__——_ Transportation • Pub lie .Health and recreation Medical care Personal care Reading and recreation — Other goods and services Percent changes from March 1972 to June 1972 1.2 Food at home Coreals and bakery products Meats, poultry, and fish Dairy products Fruits and vegetables Other foods at home Food away from home Hous ing Homeownership Fuel and utilities Fuel oil and coal Gas and electricity Household furnishings and operation Apparel and upkeep Men's and boys' Women's and girls' jt o o t w e s r —"—•—-•——»—«-•»—•—•—•-•••—«•. Transportation Private P b ic ul — — — — — — — — — — — — — Health and recreation Medical care Personal care Reading and recreation Other goods and services ; — — - 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.1 .3 .1 .4 -1.3 -.2 5.6 -1.5 .8 All items 1.0 1.2 .2 1.2 .3 5.0 -.8 .7 .5 .0 .3 -.5 -.3 4.2 -2.7 2.0 -1.0 -1.7 -.9 -.5 -1.6 -.4 -5.8 1.0 -1.0 1.3 .7 -.7 .8 8.5 -1.2 .1 1.2 1.0 .2 .6 .6 6.3 -1.9 1.9 1.1 1.8 .3 2.2 -.3 .5 .3 (2/) .3 1.7 2.0 .3 1.5 2.4 (2/) 2.8 .3 .0 .9 .1 .7 1.1 .2 1.4 -.7 -.3 -1.2 .2 1.8 2.0 .9 2.6 .9 -.4 -.1 1.3 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.4 .0 3.3 .5 .2 .6 -1.1 1.2 .0 .0 -.2 .6 -1.9 .7 -5.4 .6 .1 .2 -.9 1.4 -.6 -.9 -1.8 1.8 -.4 -2.3 -.2 .0 3.5 3.7 2.2 -.4 -.5 1.2 .9 .2 1.3 1.6 -.1 3.2 3.4 .4 1.2 1.3 -.7 .6 .9 .6 .0 .8 .4 .9 -1.0 .4 .8 1.5 1.1 (2/) 1.6 1.9 .9 .4 (2/). .6 1.6 .7 .7 .7 1.7 -.5 .6 .8 .4 .9 .1 1/ See footnote 1, table 2. If Not available. 3/ Change from April 1972. 19 .0 1.4 Table 6. Consumer Price Index—United States and selected areas for tfrban wage earners and clerical workers, food and its subgroups, June 1972, and percent changes from May 1972 Food at home Area 1/ Total food Total Cereals and bakery products Meats, poultry, and fish Dairy products Fruits and vegetables Other foods at home Food away from home Indexes (1967=100) U.S. city average 123.0 120.9 114.5 126.4 117.0 127.2 114.5 130.9 Atlanta Baltimore Boston Buffalo Chicago Cincinnati Cleveland Dallas Detroit Honolulu Houston Kansas City Los Angeles-Long Beach Milwaukee Minneapolis-St. Paul — N.Y.-Northeastern N.J Philadelphia Pittsburgh St. Louis San Diego San Francisco-Oakland, — Seattle Washington 123.6 123.2 122.9 123.2 123.9 124.4 122.9 122.1 122.4 121.3 123.6 123.2 120.0 120.1 124.1 128.1 123.0 121.5 122.0 123.4 121.2 120.4 124.8 121.1 120.9 121.4 122.0 122.6 123.4 122.1 118.8 121.0 118.1 119.6 121.1 119.0 118.5 122.0 124.6 119.8 119.5 119.9 120.7 119.9 118.4 120.9 118.2 111.9 113.1 115.0 114.1 117.0 112.3 113.4 114.5 105.9 110.8 117.0 111.5 114.3 121.3 116.9 114.9 112.5 120.0 114.2 112.7 110.2 118.3 123. 124. 129. 125. 129. 124.9 125.7 124.8 129.6 123.2 124.8 125.6 127.4 125.1 128.9 129.9 125.5 122.6 121.1 132.4 126.4 126.3 121.7 119.0 118.6 116.1 116.9 116.1 120.0 122.5 111.7 113.3 117.9 118.3 126.4 114.8 113.6 117.3 120.2 118.6 116.3 119.5 114.6 115.4 116.1 111.8 132.0 127.7 125.7 133.2 130.4 134.0 129.5 124.7 124.4 122.1 125.4 120.5 121.7 124.6 123.0 133.1 123.3 129.2 129.7 122.9 123.2 118.1 132.9 114.4 117.0 113.9 114.9 115.8 117.5 116.5 113.6 112.2 L15.8 114.3 114.5 112.9 110.8 116.9 115.8 111.0 113.8 110.1 109.9 114.2 114.1 118.6 131.4 132.3 128.3 130.2 128.7 128.2 127.1 134.0 128.7 130.5 137.6 129.6 122.6 (2/) 133.6 138.9 136.3 133.9 132.0 (2/) 126.1 126.9 134.7 Percent changes May 1972 to June 1972 U.S. city average 0.6 0.6 -0.2 1.3 -0.3 2.7 -1.3 0.4 Atlanta Baltimore Boston Buffalo Chicago• • Cincinnati Cleveland Dallas Detroit Honolulu — Houston Kansas City Los Angeles-Long Beach Milwaukee Minneapolis-St. Paul — N.Y.-Northeastern N . J — Philadelphia Pittsburgh St. Louis San Diego San Francisco-Oakland Seattle Washington .3 .4 .1 .6 1.3 .7 1.1 .4 1.1 .3 .5 .1 .7 1.7 1.0 1.2 .4 1.3 -1.3 .4 1.2 1.1 .8 .8 .5 -.1 .0 .6 1.2 1.1 .9 2.1 .8 -1.4 -2.2 -1.8 -2.1 2.2 1.7 .3 .6 .2 -.8 .4 -.3 -1.5 -.1 -.2 1.1 -3.4 -.6 1.2 .1 .1 2.0 1,2 1.5 1.3 1.3 2.5 .9 1.1 2.1 2.4 -.1 1.3 2.7 2.1 .9 1.7 .9 .7 2.0 .6 2.0 2.8 2.2 .0 -.6 -.7 .0 .4 -.2 -1.0 -.5 -2.7 .1 .2 .2 .3 -1.0 .9 -.3 .3 -2.4 -.2 .1 -.3 .4 -.9 1.7 1.8 2.4 3.3 6.9 3.1 5.0 .6 5.5 -5.9 .9 2.5 3.3 5.9 2.0 3.0 .3 3.2 3.8 4.6 2.8 1.8 3.6 -2.1 - .3 -2.2 - .7 -.5 -.8 -.5 -1.2 -1.1 -1.2 -.8 -.5 -.8 -.5 -1.0 -1 8 2.5 2.0 1.2 2.0 2.0 .2 .3 .2 .1 -.2 .1 .2 .1 .0 .8 .2 .4 1/ 2/ -.8 .3 1.0 .8 .6 .6 .6 .0 .0 .5 .9 1.0 .9 1.5 4.7 See footnote 1, table 2. Not available. 20 .9 .1 .2 .0 (2/) 1.0 . 1.0 .3 Table 7. Consumer Price Index—United States city average for urban wage earners and clerical workers, food items, and percent changes from selected dates (1967=100) Percent change to Item or group Total food ---Food away from home Restaurant meals Snacks Food at home Cereals and bakery products Flour Cracker meal Corn flakes Rice Bread, white Bread, whole wheat Cookies Layer cake Cinnamon rolls Meats, poultry, and fish Meats --Beef and veal Steak, round Steak, sirloin Steak, porterhouse Rump roast Rib roast • Chuck roast Hamburger Beef liver Veal cutlets Pork Chops Loin roast Pork sausage Ham, whole Picnics Bacon Other meats Lamb chops Frankfurters Ham, canned Bologna sausage Salami sausage Liverwurst Poultry Frying chicken -Chicken breasts Turkey Fish Shrimp, frozen Fish, fresh or frozen -Tuna fish, canned Sardines, canned Dairy products Milk, fresh, grocery Milk, fresh, delivered --Milk, fresh, skim Milk, evaporated Ice cream Cheese, American process Butter June 1972 Seasonally adjusted Unadjusted 122.6 131.0 131.0 131.3 120.4 114.6 99.1 135.6 100.5 109.2 113.5 120.0 109.8 119.9 121.3 126.0 127.2 135.0 131.8 130.0 132.5 131.2 136.2 132.7 135.9 133.1 161.0 118.2 120.3 119.8 125.6 113.0. 121.2 111.6 122.7 128.6 121.9 113.7 128.2 125.4 118.3 107.7 105.9 112.5 111.5 141.2 136.3 149.0 133.7 145.7 116.9 116.4 120.4 121.8 118.2 106.9 124.1 104.9 123.0 130.9 130.9 131.0 120.9 114.5 99.4 135.9 100.3 109.3 113.0 119.3 109.5 119.9 121.3 126.4 127.5 135.8 132.6 131.9 134.0 132.1 136.7 132.4 136.6 133.0 162.0 118.0 119.8 119.0 126.1 112.0 119.9 113.1 122.8 129.5 122.4 112.8 128.1 125.4 118.4 108.9 107.6 112.4 111.4 141.3 136.3 149.1 134.0 145.6 117.0 116.3 120.3 121.9 118.8 106.7 124.5 104.8 See footnote at end of table. 21 June 1972 f r o m — Mav 1972 Seasonally adjusted Unadjusted 0.6 .4 .4 .2 .6 -.2 -.8 .3 -.7 -.4 .3 -.8 -1.7 .1 .4 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 3.5 2.8 2.2 .1 -1.1 .7 .6 1.5 2.3 4.4 3.7 1.0 1.4 -.9 2.1 .9 2.3 .2 -.7 1.0 1.0 1.1 .5 .4 .4 .5 .8 1.9 0.2 .4 .4 .5 .2 -.2 -.8 .4 -.7 -.4 .4 -.7 -.9 .1 . .4 .7 1.2 1.2 1.9 2.4 1.8 2.6 -.1 .0 .4 1.0 1.2 .9 2.3 2.4 -.6 .6 -.8 .1 .7 1.3 -.6 .4 1.1 .5 .9 June 1971 unadj usted 3.2 4.0 4.1 3.0 3.0 .3 -2.3 4.1 -8.9 -.1 .4 1.8 1.0 -.1 2.5 7.7 9.0 7.7 6.0 5.4 6.6 6.4 6.6 5.5 7.2 17.4 15.1 13.9 13.8 13.4 14.2 8.1 13.6 17.7 6.0 6.9 5.7 4.9 7.7 7.3 3.1 -1.3 -1.8 -2.4 -4.0 2.3 .3 8.4 .0 -.1 .4 -.5 .9 2.2 .9 .4 .0 -.4 -.4 .0 -.1 -1.4 -2.1 • .9 .2 -.1 -.3 -.4 .2 .3 .0 .2 -.5 16.7 5.5 3.5 8.9 1.1 1.0 2.0 1.0 -.2 1.4 2.3 -.9 Table 7. Consumer Price Index—United States city average for urban wage earners and clerical workers, food items, and percent changes from selected dates—Continued (1967=100) Item or group Fruits and vegetables — Fresh fruits and vegetables — Fresh fruits Apples Bananas — Oranges < Orange juice, fresh ~« Grapefruit --— ~ Grapes Strawberries Watermelon — Fresh vegetables Potatoes Onions Asparagus Cabbage — Carrots — Celery — Cucumbers Lettuce Peppers, green — Spinach Tomatoes — Processed fruits and vegetables Fruit cocktail, canned Pears, canned —— Pineapple-grapefruit juice drink Orange juice concentrate, frozen Lemonade concentrate, frozen Beets, canned • Peas, green, canned Tomatoes, canned — Dried beans Broccoli, frozen — Other food at home — Eggs Fats and oils: Margarine Salad dressing, Italian Salad or cooking oil Sugar and sweets Sugar Grape jelly Chocolate bar Syrup, choclate flavored Nonalcoholic beverages Coffee, can and bag Coffee, instant Carbonated drink, cola flavored Carbonated drink, fruit flavored Prepared and partially prepared foodsBean soup, canned Chicken soup, canned Spaghetti, canned • Mashed potatoes, instant Potatoes, french fried, frozen Sweet pickle relish Pretzels 1/ Index June 1972 Seasonally Unadjusted adjusted 127.2 132.2 130.8 131.4 108.4 123.3 130.6 145.1 122.7 124.5 121.6 117.6 108.4 127.0 130.7 137.0 an 117.8 119.8 126.6 109.5 115.8 151.1 112.3 131.6 124.4 138.9 130.8 139.1 136.6 152.4 120.1 121.7 118. 114. 135. 117. 121. 107.8 115.2 137.2 118.8 116.8 109.2 115.0 144.8 133.4 123.8 122.9 138.1 124.9 135.5 135.3 128.8 120.9 160.2 135.2 155.1 119.9 121.1 117.7 114.3 135.3 117.3 121.4 107.2 115.5 136.9 118.9 114.5 94.2 118.2 109.1 121.5 120.6 114.8 124.9 130.6 111.1 120.5 117.2 124.3 109.0 127.8 128.3 114.4 116.3 104.2 118.9 112.3 111.0 110.4 124.3 116.1 117.5 109.0 121.4 120.5 114.8 124.7 130.5 111.0 120.1 117.0 123.7 108.6 127.4 127.9 114 116 104 119 111 111.2 111.2 125.1 115.9 Priced only in season. 22 Percent change to June 1972 from — May 1972 June 1971 Seasonally unadjusted Unadjusted adjusted 2.7 4.3 8.1 7.9 3.8 4.5 .0 10.0 (1/) 11.3 (1/) 1.5 8.9 9.7 -2.1 -6.9 -2.2 -9.0 5.6 10 -22 -1.0 14.7 .1 -.4 .3 -.4 -.7 .0 .8 -.2 -.1 -.1 .7 -1.3 -7.4 1.6 2.6 .7 -.8 5.3 2.6 -.2 -3.7 (1/) 7.9 (1/) 3.8 -1.9 8.0 2.9 -9.5 -8.2 -13.9 27.8 22.6 -8.7 -.7 29 9 2 2 6 2 1 -1. 1.0 .8 .1 -.3 -.1 .7 -.8 -3.4 .3 -1.4 -.7 -.7 -.5 -.5 -.2 -1.3 -.4 -.8 -.6 .1 -.3 .0 -.3 -.3 -1.5 .5 .1 .2 -.8 -.7 .5 3 -1 2 7 7 6 6 8 -1 2 7 -1 0 9 4 5 2 1 1 -1 5 .7 -.1 .3 -.8 .1 .4 1.7 .8 3.6 6.1 17.1 -1.4 5.3 -2.8 (1/) 10.4 -15.3 -1.5 -8.9 14.9 13.9 -10.5 -11.4 11.4 -.5 3.1 -22.7 6.1 21.3 3.5 2.9 .5 1.0 7.3 3.3 5.7 1.3 -.4 11.8 1.2 -.2 -4.9 2.2 -.5 2.1 1.0 2.3 4.6 -.5 -2.1 -1.4 -4.2 -.6 .6 1.2 1.2 1.4 2.0 -2.2 1.5 .6 .8 -.6 6.5 1.9 Table 8. Consumer Price Index—United States city average for urban wage earners and clerical workers, for selected items and groups, June ]972, and percent changes from selected dates (1967=100) Item and group Housing * Shelter 1/ Rent Horaeownership costs 2/ Mortgage interest rates Property taxes — > Property insurance rates Maintenance and repairs Commodities 3/ Exterior house paint Interior house paint Services • Repainting living and dining rooms Reshingling house roof Residing house • Sink replacement Furnace repair Fuel and utilities Fuel oil and coal Fuel oil, #2 Gas and electricity Gas Electricity Other utilities: Residential telephone services Residential water and sewerage services * Household furnishings and operation 4/ Housefurnishings — • Textiles = Sheets, percale or muslin Curtains, tailored, polyester Bedspreads, chiefly cotton '• Drapery fabric, cotton or rayon/acetate Pillows, bed, polyester, acrylic, or kapok • Slipcover, throws, ready made, chiefly cotton Furniture and bedding Bedroom furniture, chest and dresser Sofas, upholstered Cocktail table Dining room chairs Recliner, upholstered Sofas, dual purpose •---• Bedding, mattress.and box springs Aluminum folding chair • Cribs Floor coverings Broadloom, carpeting, manmade-fibers Vinyl sheet goods Vinyl asbestos tile Appliances b/ Washing machines, electric, automatic Vacuum cleaners, canister type • Refrigerators or refrigerator-freezers electric Ranges, free standing, gas or electric Clothes dryers, electric, automatic Air conditioners, demountable Room heaters, electric, portable • Garbage disposal units --• Other housefurnishings: Dinnerware, earthenware Flatware, stainless steel Table lamps, with shade Lawn mowers, power, rotary type Electric drills, hand held Housekeeping supplies: Laundry soaps and detergents Paper napkins Toilet tissue Housekeeping services: Domestic service, general housework Baby sitter service Postal charges Laundry, flatwork, finished service --• Licensed day care service, preschool child Washing machine repairs Other index Mar. 70 Dec. 71 Mar. 70 Dec. 71 June 70 114.9 137.7 121.0 116.4 114.2 116.7 112.1 111.6 122.7 108.1 113.8 121.5 105.1 120.8 100.4 105.1 98.0 116.9 104.5 126.1 119.0 106.4 101.4 117.9 118.2 105.8 110.5 104.0 107.9 111.0 114.4 111.0 (in Mav 1972 128.5 133.4 118.3 138.9 117.0 145.0 122.7 139.9 123.3 117.5 117.2 147.1 157.7 155.0 135.0 145.7 152.8 120.1 118.7 116.5 120.5 122.2 118.9 114.0 137.7 120.8 116.2 113.6 114.9 112.2 111.5 121.7 107.2 113.7 121.7 105.3 120.6 100.4 105.3 98.7 117.2 104.5 128.3 118.0 106.7 101.8 117.7 118.3 105.7 110.4 103.8 107.9 110.0 113.7 111.1 Percent charxge to June LVld froirf Mav 1972 June 1971 0.4 .5 .4 .5 .1 -.1 -.1 .5 .5 -.1 .3 .5 1.1 .8 .1 .1 .5 • .0 -.8 .0 -.2 -.8 .5 .8 .0 .2 .2 .5 1.6 -.1 .1 .8 .8 .1 -.2 -.2 .2 .0 -.2 -.7 -.3 .0 -1.7 .8 -.3 -.4 .2 -.1 .1 .1 .2 .0 .9 .6 -.1 <!/> 4.0 4.5 3.1 5.0 .1 11.5 2.0 4.9 3.4 1.2 3.0 5.5 7.4 7.1 3.6 3.3 7.4 4.8 .3 .3 5.0 4.1 5.8 7.9 3.8 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.9 3.6 3.5 -1.0 1.0 1.6 1.0 .0 (5/) 1.6 (5/) .4 .7 8.1 .6 .0 -1.0 3.0 1.3 .2 1.0 -.3 -.4 -.3 1.4 .0 (7/) 111.0 .0 1.3 122.9 121.6 121.8 120.2 105.9 .7 1.1 1.0 .5 .1 4.6 2.8 1.3 3.2 -.3 111.0 130.6 125.2 110.9 130.8 126.0 .1 -.2 -.6 .5 3.6 .3 139.2 135.6 146.6 138.5 122.2 140.8 23 111.0 123.7 122.9 123.0 120.8 106.0 See footnotes at end of table. Indexes June 1972 129.0 134.1 118.8 139.6 117.1 144.8 122.6 140.6 123.9 117.4 117.5 147.8 159.5 156.2 135.2 145.8 153.6 120.1 117.8 116.5 120.3 121.2 119.5 138.9 135.3 146.6 138.0 121.3 140.4 .2 .2 .0 .4 .7 .3 4.1 4.1 .0 3.7 3.6 2.9 Table 8. Consumer Price Index—United States city average for urban wage earners and clerical workers, for selected items and groups, June ]972 and percent changes from selected dates—Continued (1967-100) Item and group Other index bases 122.1 122.4 122.0 121.9 Apparel and upkeep 8/ Apparel commodities Apparel commodities less footwear Men's and boys' Men's: Topcoats, wool or all-weather coats, polyester blends Suits, year round weight Suits, tropical weight Jackets, lightweight Slacks, wool or wool blends Slacks, cotton or manmade blends ..-..,Trousers, work, cotton or polyester/cotton Shirt8, work, cotton or polyester/cotton Shirt8, business, polyester/cotton *—........ T-shirts, chiefly cotton Socks, cotton or manmade fibers Handkerchiefs, cotton or polyester/cotton Boy's: Coat8, all purpose, cotton or cotton blend Sport coats, wool or wool blend Dungarees, cotton or cotton blend Undershorts, cotton Women's and girls' * women's: Coats, heavyweight, wool or wool blend Carcoats, heavyweight, cotton Sweaters, wool or acrylic Skirts, wool, wool blend or manmade fibers Skirts, cotton o r polyester/cotton Blouses, cotton or manmade fibers Dresses, street, chiefly manmade fiber Dresses, street, wool or wool blend Slips, nylon -Panties, acetate or nylon tricot Girdles, manmade blend Brassiers, nylon lace — --Hose, o r pantyhose, nylon seamless -Anklets, or knee-length socks, various fibers Gloves, fabric, nylon or cotton Handbags, rayon faille or plastic Girls'; Raincoat8, vinyl cotton, or polyester blends -Skirts, wool, wool blends, or acrylic -Dresses, cotton, manmade fibers o r blends Slacks, cotton or chiefly cotton Slips, polyester blends Handbags, plastic Footwear Men's: Shoes, street, oxford Shoes, work, high women's: Shoes, street, pump — Shoes, evening, pump Shoe8, casual Houseslippers, scuff — Children's: Shoes, >• Sneakers, boys', oxford type ~ Dress shoes, girls', strap or pump Miscellaneous apparel: Diapers, cotton gauze o r disposable Yard goods, polyester blend Wrist watches, men's and women's Apparel services: Drycleaning, men's suits and women's dresses Automatic laundry service — Laundry, men's shirts Tailoring charge, hem adjustment Shoe repair, women's heel lift (in 131.8 136.8 114.8 114.9 133.9 114.7 115.5 113.7 117.4 116.7 116.2 an 127.3 120.5 122.6 (in (in on 121.4 122.8 128.8 (7/) 111.0 118.1 116.9 121.9 96.0 114.4 111.7 144.6 m 119.2 (2/) May 1972 122.5 122.9 122.6 122.4 (in 132.4 138.0 115.7 116.7 137.3 114.7 115.1 113.4 117.4 116.7 115.7 81 127.1 120.5 123.4 an (I/) an on 121.3 124.3 129.6 an 117.0 110.9 118.2 121.9 96.5 114.9 111.2 143.2 m 125.3 an Percent change to June 1972 from: May^ 1972 June 1971 -0.3 1.7 1.7 1.6 .4 -.4 -.5 -.4 (2/) (2/) -.5 -.9 -.8 1.4 4.1 1.7 -1.5 -2.5 -2.5 .0 .3 .3 .0 .5 1.3 1.9 -.1 -1.7 .0 . .3 .7 .4 (in (in (V) .2 .0 -.6 3.8 .9 2.3 (in an (7/) (in an on 2.3 -.6 1.9 7i -1.2 -.6 71 ) 1T1) [9 ( 2^ .7 1.6 -1.1 .0 -.5 -.4 .4 1.0 -2.0 -1.2 1.5 9.6 (in (in or 8,£ (7/ -4.9 an -.7 110.2 124.7 124.7 -3.9 -4.3 .1 2.5 123.1 121.5 .6 -.5 3.0 2.0 125.9 122.3 126.1 124.8 126.6 122.1 125.9 124.3 -.6 .2 .2 .4 1.8 2.5 -.1 3.1 126.9 123.5 129.8 126.5 123.1 129.8 .3 .3 .0, 3.3 3.9 2.9 114.5 119.0 115.2 114.0 117.8 115.0 .4 1.0 .2 -3.3 117.5 114.8 121.0 132.5 115.4 24 111.0 129.8 124.6 123.8 120.9 See footnotes at end of table. Indexes June 1972 117.5 115.1 120.8 132.5 115.1 .0 -.3 .2 .0 .3 .3 1.8 1.4 3.8 2.1 _ . j 2.4 1.9 Table 8. Consumer Price Index—United States city average for urban wage earners and clerical workers, for selected items and groups, June ]972, and percent changes from selected dates—Continued (1967=100) Item and group Other index bases 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 Face powder, pressed —-------.--__.. 0.3 .0 -2.3 - .6 .7 2.9 .9 4.3 -1.3 3.0 9.0 2.9 4.2 1.4 -3.7 - .3 3.9 125.8 132.0 105.7 111.7 95.3 117.7 101.3 124.1 113.9 114.1 100.7 75.2 125.9 102.7 107.9 129.7 111.4 109.5 117.1 92.9 .2 .3 .1 .1 .3 .3 .0 .4 .0 .2 .2 .3 .5 .2 .1 .8 .0 .0 .1 .1 3.3 3.0 .1 .5 -2.3 3.1 - .2 - .4 1.9 .1 _ q -6.0 3.3 2.2 .3 3.9 - .2 1.5 1.6 -1.9 133.3 134.3 135.8 134.0 135.6 128.5 127.9 129.8 131.9 133.4 131.9 129.0 .5 .5 .9 .0 .1 .4 .2 .2 .4 .4 .5 .1 3.1 2.5 4.3 4.0 2.6 3.4 4.0 4.6 4.7 5.2 4.8 3.8 125.0 120.7 Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. 0.4 .4 - .1 3.1 - .6 .1 - .4 .2 .1 .0 .8 .2 .5 .5 -3.4 - .3 .4 133.9 135.0 137.0 134.0 135.8 129.0 128.2' 130.0 132.4 133.9 132.6 129.1 Jan. 72 119.5 117.1 111.4 110.0 106.2 123.3 116". 3 134.6 140.6 127.5 145.9 142.7 149.1 132.9 127.0 129.6 137.6 126.1 132.4 105.8 111.6 95.0 118.1 101.3 123.6 113.9 113.9 100.9 75.4 126.5 102.9 108.0 130.7 111.4 109.5 117.2 92.8 Deodorants, aerosol -----------------._. .. Cleansing tissues ............ .... Home permanent wave kits ................. Personal care services Men's haircuts -----------------------.--.... Beauty shop services — ............ Women's haircuts ---..---------........ Shampoo and wave sets, plain —........ Permanent waves, cold ........... 124.7 120.7 .2 .0 4.2 4.7 102.0 173.8 167.2 128.8 102.0 100.1 101.9 102.8 102.2 102.0 101.9 120.0 117.4 109.4 122.6 126.0 108.2 133.3 105.5 125.1 109.1 122.7 125.1 121.0 121.1 101.8 173.2 167.3 128.9 101.9 100.3 101.1 102.8 101.9 101.9 101.7 119.7 117.1 109.9 122.9 125.2 108.0 131.4 106.0 124.3 109.1 122.4 124.9 120.7 121.0 124.3 112.6 .2 .3 - .1 - .1 .1 - .2 .8 .0 .3 .1 .2 .3 .3 - .5 - .2 .6 .2 1.4 - .5 .6 .0 .2 .2 .2 .1 .3 .0 (5/) 6.9 7.7 2.7 (5/) (5/) (5/) (5/) (5/) (5/) 124.7 112.6 See footnotes at end of table. Percent change t o June 1972 from: June 1971 May 1972 May 1972 120.0 117.6 111.3 113.4 105.6 123.4 115.8 134.9 140.7 127.5 147.0 143.0 149.9 133.6 122.7 129.2 138.1 Transportation Private 9/ Automobiles, new . Automobiles, used Gasoline, regular and premium > Motor oil, premium Tires, new, tubeless Auto repairs and maintenance 10./ Auto insurance rates Auto registration Parking fees, private and municipal Public Local transit fares — Taxicab fares Railroad fares, coach Airplane fares, chiefly coach Bus fares, intercity Health and recreation Medical care --Drugs and prescriptions Over-the-counter items Multiple vitamin concentrates Aspirin compounds Liquid tonics Adhesive bandages, package Cold tablets or capsules Cough syrup Prescriptions Anti-infectives Sedatives and hypnotics Ataractics Anti-Spasmodics Cough preparations Cardiovasculars and anti-hypertensives — Analgesics, internal -Anti-obesity -Hormones • Professional services: Physicians1 fees -General physician, office visits General physician, house visits -Obstetrical cases Pediatric care, office visits Psychiatrist, office visits Herniorrhaphy, adult Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy Dentists' fees Fillings, adult, amalgam, one surface Extractions, adult Dentures, full upper Other professional services: Examination, prescription, and dispensing of eyeglasses Routine laboratory tests Hospital service charges Semi-private room rates------------------Operating room charges ---------.. X-ray, dianostic series, upper G.I. -------.. Laboratory test, urinalysis ............... Anti-infective, tetracyline, HCL • Tranquilizer, chlordiazepoxid, HCL E lee trocard iogram ^............. ....... Intravenous solution, saline .................. Physical therapy, whirlpool bath Oxygen, inhalation therapy-----.--------------. Personal care ........... Toilet goods Toothpaste, standard, dentifrice ----------.. Toilet soap, hard milled Hand lotions, liquid ..... .......... ... Shaving cream, aerosol ---------------__.._.. Indexes June 1975 25 - - - (57) 2.7 3.2 1.7 9.1 6.0 1.0 7.4 .0 .3 -1.9 2.3 2.4 2.2 1.4 2.5 2.0 Table 8. Consumer Price Index—United States city average for urban wage earners and clerical workers, for selected items and groups, June ]972 and percent changes from selected dates—Continued (1967=100) . Other index Item and group Reading and recreation _n/ Recreational goods TV sets, portable and console — TV replacement tubes < • Radios, portable and table model Tape recorders, portable Phonograph records, stereophonic Movie cameras, Super 8, zoom lens Film, 35mm, color Golf balls, liquid center or solid core Basketballs, rubber or vinyl cover Fishing rods, fresh water spincasting Bowling balls Bicycles, boys1 Tricycles Dog food, canned or boxed Recreational services — Indoor movie admissions Adult Children's Drive-in movie admissions, adultBowling fees, evening Golf green fees TV repair, picture tube replacement Film developing, color Reading and education: Newspapers, street sale and delivery Magazines, single copy and subscription Piano lessons, beginner rercent change» to June 1972 Indexes fi-on; June 1972 May 1972 122.9 108.0 99.5 131.1 99.1 94.7 107.2 88.2 108.1 105.2 126.3 107.6 114.0 117.0 114.0 110.6 128.7 142.5 141.5 145.2 147.8 118.6 130.7 98.2 116.6 132.8 133.4 122.2 --- 122.5 107.8 99.6 130.6 99.0 94.4 106.5 87.5 108.2 104.9 126.2 107.3 113.6 116.0 113.1 110.4 128.0 141.2 140.0 144.7 145.9 118.9 129.0 98.0 117.8 May 1972 June 1971 0.3 .2 3.0 1.2 - .1 - .6 .4 .1 .3 .7 .8 7.3 .6 .4 4.0 - .1 .3 .1 .3 .4 .9 .8 .2 .5 .9 1.1 .3 1.3 - .3 1.3 .2 -1.1 - .4 .6 .4 -3.0 2.1 3.2 2.5 1.7 2.1 3.0 2.2 4.8 4.5 1.8 1.7 - .1 - .3 131.8 133.4 122.2 .8 .0 .0 2.2 5.6 1.3 125.6 134.0 135.6 136.1 110.9 119.1 113.1 108.5 126.7 130.7 125.4 133.2 134.4 135.5 110.7 119.5 114.2 108.6 126.5 130.5 .2 .6 .9 .4 .2 4.4 6.9 6.9 7.2 4.6 2.1 121.1 107.4 150.6 122.7 119.4 117.9 138.9 136.0 125.6 Other goods and services Tobacco products Cigarettes, nonfilter tip, regular size Cigarettes, filter tip, king size Cigars, domestic, regular size — Alcoholic beverages Beer Whiskey, spirit blended and straight bourbon Wine, dessert and table --Away from home Financial and miscellaneous personal expenses: Funeral service, adult Bank service charges, checking accounts Legal services, short form will -1.0 - .3 -1.0 - .1 - .1 .2 .2 2.2 4.0 4.0 120.7 107.4 149.3 .3 .0 .9 -3.0 13.0 122.4 119.2 117.9 138.5 135.8 125.3 .2 .2 .0 .3 .1 .2 2.4 2.0 2.6 5.5 1.4 2.5 3.7 Other special groups: All items less shelter Commodities less food Nondurables less food and apparel Household services less rent Transportation services Other services — 1/ Also includes hotel and motel rates not shown separately. 2/ Also includes home purchases costs not shown separately. 3/ Also includes pine shelving, furnace filters, packaged dry cement mix, and shrubbery not shown separately. 4/ Also includes Venetian blinds, nails, carpet sweepers, air deodorizers, steel wool scouring pads, envelopes, reupholstering, and moving expenses. 5/ Not available. bj Also includes radios and television sets, shown separately under reading and recreation. 7/ Priced only in season. 8/ Also includes men's sport shirts, women's and girls' lightweight coats, women's slacks, cocktail dresses, bathing suits, girls' shorts, earrings, and zippers not shown separately. 9/ Also includes recapped tires and drivers' license fees not shown separately. 10/ Includes prices for water pump replacement, motor tune-up, automatic transmission repair, exhaust system repair, front end alignment, and chassis lubrication. 11/ Also includes outboard motors, nondurable toys, college tuition fees, paperback books, and college textbooks, not shown separately. 26 Brief Explanation of the CPI The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures average changes in prices of goods and services usually bought by urban wage earners and clerical workers, both families and single persons living alone. It is based on prices of about 400 items which were selected to represent the movement of prices of all goods and services purchased by wage earners and clerical workers. Prices for these items are obtained in urban portions of 39 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's) and 17 smaller cities, which were chosen to represent all urban places in the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii. They are collected from grocery and department stores, hospitals, filling stations, and other types of stores and service establishments which wage earners and clerical workers patronize. Prices of foods, fuels, and a few other items are obtained every month in all 56 locations. Prices of most other commodities and services are collected every month in the 5 largest SMSA's and every 3 months in other SMSA's and cities. Mail questionnaires are used to obtain local transit fares, public utility rates, newspaper prices, fuel prices, and certain other items which change in price infrequently. Prices of most other goods and services are obtained by personal visits of the Bureau's trained representatives. In calculating the index, price changes for the various items in each location are averaged together with weights which represent their importance in the spending of all wage earners and clerical workers. SMSA and city data are then combined in the total index with weights based on the 1960 populations of SMSA's and cities they represent. Index numbers are computed on the base 1967=100, and are also available on the base of 1957-59=100. The national index (the United States city average) includes prices from the 23 SMSA's for which separate indexes are published in this report, as well as from the following additional locations: Alabama - Florence Alaska - Anchorage California - Bakersfield* Colorado - Denver* Connecticut - Hartford* Florida - Orlando* Indiana - Indianapolis* Indiana - Logansport Illinois - Champaign-Urbana* Iowa - Cedar Rapids* Kansas - Wichita* Louisiana — Baton Rouge* Maine — Portland* Massachusetts - Southbridge Michigan - Niles Minnesota - Crookston Mississippi - Vicksburg New Jersey - Millviile New York - Kingston North Carolina - Durham* North Dakota - Devils Lake Ohio - Dayton* Ohio - I indlay Oklahoma - Mangum Oregon - Klamath Falls Pennsylvania - Lancaster* South Carolina - Union Tennessee - Nashville* Texas - Austin* Texas - McAllen Utah - Orem Virginia - Martinsville Wisconsin - Green Bay* *Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area Comparisons of indexes for individual SMSA's show only that prices in one location changed more or less than in another. The SMSA indexes cannot be used to measure differences in price levels or in living costs between areas. A description of the index and historical tables of index numbers for the United States city average and for 23 large SMSA's are available on request to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D. C. 20212 or any of its regional offices. A Note on Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data Because price data are used for different purposes by different groups, the Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes seasonally adjusted as well as unadjusted changes each month. For analyzing general price trends in the economy, seasonally adjusted changes are usually preferred since they eliminate the effect of changes that normally occur at the same time and in about the same magnitude every year—such as price movements resulting from chang- ing climatic conditions, production cycles, model changeovers, holidays, and sales. The unadjusted data are of primary interest to consumers concerned about the prices they actually pay. Unadjusted data are also used extensively for escalation purposes. Many collective bargaining contract agreements and pensions plans, for example, tie compensation changes to the Consumer Price Index unadjusted for seasonal variation. 27 Reliability of Percent Changes in the CPI are about 95 out of 100 that the percent change in the CPI as computed differs from the corresponding "complete coverage" change by less than twice the standard error. Because the CPI is rounded to one decimal place, some ambiguity may arise in interpreting small index changes. As the table indicates, for example, a monthto-month change of 0.1 percent in the all-items CPI is significant. Because of rounding, however, a change of this size in the published index might result from a much smaller change in the unrounded value. Hence, any particular change of 0.1 percent may or may not be significant. On the other hand, a published change of 0.2 percent is almost always significant, regardless of the time period to which it relates. This replaces the table of average errors based on 1970 data which was included in the CPI report through December 1971. A system of "replicated" samples introduced into the index structure in the 1964 revision permits an estimate of sampling error for the CPI. 1 The table below shows standard errors for monthly, quarterly, and Average standard errors of percent changes in the CPI based on 1971 data Component All items Food at home Food away from home Housing Apparel and upkeep. . . Transportation Medical care Personal care Reading and recreation Other goods and services Monthly change Standard error Quarterly change Annual change .04 .07 .06 .10 .09 .15 .08 .06 .17 .11 .09 .14 .14 .10 .27 .17 .14 .19 .33 .19 .33 .20 .28 .34 .09 .12 .20 .11 .17 .23 The method of deriving these estimates is described in a paper by Marvin Wilkerson, "Measurement of Sampling Error annual percent changes in the CPI for all items and for nine commodity groupings based on 1971 averages. The figures may be interpreted as follows: The chances in the Consumer Price Index," Journal of the American Statis- tical Association, September 1967. A Note About Calculating Index Changes Percent changes expressed as annual rates are computed according to the standard formula for compound growth rates. These data indicate what the percent change would be if the current rate were maintained for a 12-month period. Movements of the indexes from one month to another are usually expressed as percent changes rather than changes in index points because index point changes are affected by the level of the index in relation to its base period while percent changes are not. The following example illustrates the computation of index point and percent changes: 28 CPI less previous index index point differences = 123.8 123.2 0.6 Index point difference divided by the index for the previous period: 1 2 3 . 8 - 123.2 x 100=0.5 123.2 Seasonally adjusted percent changes in the U.S. All Items Index are based oa seasonal adjustment factors and seasonally adjusted indexes carried to two decimal places. This procedure helps to eliminate rounding error in the percent changes. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES PUERTO RICO Region I 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 223-6762 (Area Code 617) Region V 8th Floor, 300 South Wacker Drive Chicago, III. 60606 Phone: 353-1880 (Area Code 312) Region I! 1515 Broadway New York, N.Y. 10036 Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212) Region VI 1100 Commerce St., Rm. 6B7 Dallas, Tex. 75202 Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214) Region IN 406 Penn Square Building 1317 Filbert St. Philadelphia, Pa. 19107 Phone: 597-7796 (Area Code 215) Region VII and VIM Federal Office Building 911 Walnut St., 15th Floor Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816) Region IV Suite 540 1371 Peachtree St. NE. Atlanta, Ga. 30309 Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404) Region IX and X 450 Golden Gate Ave. Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415) * ** Regions VII and VIII are serviced by Kansas City. Regions IX and X are serviced by San Francisco.
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