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Consumers’ Prices in the United States 1942-48 Analysis of Changes in Cost of Living Bulletin No. 966 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Maurice J. T obin, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner F or sale by the Superintendent o f Documents, U. S. Government P rinting Office, W ashington 25, D. C. P rice 35 cents Letter of Transmittal U nited States D epartment op L abor, B ureau op L abor Statistics , Washington, D. C., Dee. 15,19U9. The Secretary op L abor : I have the honor to transmit herewith a bulletin summarizing data on consumers’ prices during the years 1942 through 1948. Much of this in form ation is released currently in mimeographed reports giving the Bu reau’s regular index numbers o f consumers’ prices for moderate-income families in large cities. This bulletin also contains a historical record of some o f the special indexes maintained by the Bureau during the war. The bulletin was prepared by members of the staff of the Prices and Cost of Living Division, under the general direction of Edward D. Hol lander, chief. Planning and coordination of material included was the joint responsibility o f Louise J. Mack o f the Consumers’ Prices Branch and Doris P. Rothwell of the Cost o f Living Branch. E w a n Clague, Commissioner. Hon. M aurice J. T obin , Secretary of Labor. Preface This bulletin, Consumers’ Prices in the United States, 1942-48, presents a compilation of retail price data collected for the Consumers’ Price Index for Moderate-Income Families in Large Cities (form erly called the Cost-of-Living Index) compiled by the Bureau o f Labor Statistics. With this publication, the Bureau resumes its regular series of periodic bulletins on this subject, which was discontinued during the war. The most recent of these was Bulletin No. 710, Cost o f Living in 1941. The current bulletin brings the series up to date with presentation o f data from 1942 through 1948 in a single publication. Detailed statistical tables of the Bureau’s national and city indexes for this period for all items and m ajor groups are given at the end of the bulletin. The bulletin discusses the movement of prices at the consumer level during the war and up to the end of 1948, with particular reference to the effects of price controls. Reference is made to the subsidy program, especially for foods, and to allocations and rationing programs. Some discussion of price developments not reflected in the Bureau’s index, such as quality deterioration, black mar ket prices, and upgrading, is included. Price changes in large cities are compared with price changes in small cities. Price movements are discussed separately for m ajor commodity groups. During the course of the war, the Bureau’s functions as the price collection agency for the United States Government were expanded greatly. Not only were the Bureau’s regular series of great importance as a guide to Government policy regarding wartime price and wage controls, but demands were made of the Bureau’s trained staff for additional data and for special surveys of various kinds. Some o f these are described in this bulletin. Increased interest in the Bureau’s price data, due in part to the rapid rise in prices during the war, occasioned heavy demands on the Bureau’s price reporting services by consumers, labor unions, and businessmen. This interest and widespread use of the index in connection with wage determinations led to much public discussion and investigation of the index in 1943, 1944, and 1945. In addition, the Bureau found itself called upon more frequently for technical advisory assistance to State governments, universities, foreign governments, other Federal agencies, and private research organizations interested in initiating surveys and indexes of consumers’ prices and the cost of living. In response to insistent demands for measures of actual dollar values o f the cost of living and of relative differences in the cost of living between cities, the Bureau published its City Worker’s Family Budget in the spring o f 1948. This report, a major contribution in the field o f fam ily budgets and the cost of living, is referred to briefly in this bulletin. Continuing the Bureau’s established policy of making its data and methods freely available, this bulletin contains a detailed account of the Bureau’s wartime pricing policies and of the revi sions in its techniques necessitated thereby, as well as of certain postwar adjustments of the in dex procedure. Finally, it includes a bibliography of various publications to which the reader is referred for further details. iii Contents Page Analysis of changes in cost o f living: Summary: Economic characteristics of the p eriod -----------------------------------------------General character o f price m ovem ents----------------------------------------------December 1941 to May 1942: Transition to war economy----------------------------Price situation, December 1941----------------------------------------------------------The transition to controlled p rice s-----------------------------------------------------May 1942 to May 1943: Prices under the General Maximum Price RegulationMay 1943 to June 1946: Holding the price lin e ------------------------------------------June 1946 to March 1947: Decontrol of p rice s------------------------------------------March 1947 to December 1948: Postwar p rice s------------------------------------------- 1 2 9 9 11 12 14 17 20 Consumers1Price Index, 34 large cities: Description --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------T itle ____________________________________________________________________ Coverage _______________________________________________________________ Uses of the In d ex_______________________________________________________ Adjustment o f w a g e s----------------------------------------------------------------------Determination of purchasing p ow er----------------------------------------------------Guide to general economic p o licy --------------------------------------------------------Wage stabilization---------------------------------------------------------------------------International com parison------------------------------------------------------------------Allowance adjustm ent----------------------------------------------------------------------Long-term con tracts-------------------------------------------------------------------------Methods o f price collection and tabulation-------------------------------------------------Historical background_______________________________________________ Basic method of calculation_____________________________________ Price collection procedures__________________________________________ Relative importance o f com ponents----------------------------------------------------Index adjustments caused by the w a r--------------------------------------------------------Changes in qualities of goods available-----------------------------------------------Introduction of wartime a rticles_____________________________________ Changes in commodity w eights-----------------------------------------------------------Changes in collecting rental d ata _____________________________________ Criticisms and appraisals of the in d ex-----------------------------------------------Five-point adjustm ent----------------------------------------------------------------------Revision o f population w eigh ts______________________________________ Postwar adjustments of the in d ex________________________________________ Reintroduction o f prewar specifications ----------------------------------------------Restoration o f prewar w eigh ts---------------------------------------------------------Introduction of children’s app arel-----------------------------------------------------Changes in processing of food prices---------------------------------------------------Revision of retail food store sam ple-----------------------------------------------— Changes necessitated by budget cut in fiscal year 1948 ------------ ----------- -----Estimating national indexes__________________________________________ Reduction o f number of items priced--------------------------------------------------Presentation and publication of d a ta --------------------------------------------------------- 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 30 31 31 32 33 33 33 34 34 35 35 35 35 36 37 Consumers’ Price Indexes for additional cities: Small cities and war production cen ters___________________________________ Twenty small citie s__________________________________________________ Twelve war production centers-----------------------------------------------------------Methods u sed _______________________________________________________ Seven estimated citie s____________________________________________________ Twenty-two cities in which food prices only are obtained------------------------------ 38 39 39 39 39 40 iv CONTENTS Page City worker’s fam ily budget---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 Cooperation with other Government agencies: States ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Territories --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Federal agencies________________________________________________________ 41 42 43 Appendix tables: A. Consumers’ Price Index in large cities (national average), by group o f com modities, 1929-48 ___________________________________________________ B. Consumers’ Price Index in 34 large cities, by group o f commodities, 1935-48 ___________________________________________________________ C. Consumers’ Price Indexes in small cities and war activity centers for selected periods, by groups o f commodities, 1939-47 ________________ D. Estimated indexes of consumers’ prices for 7 additional cities, for selected periods, 1939-45 --------------------------------------------------------------------------— E. Apparel: Indexes of retail prices o f selected articles in large cities, 1935-48 ___________________________________________________________ F. Housefurnishings: Indexes o f retail prices o f selected articles in large cities, 1935-48 ______________________________________________________ G. Miscellaneous: Indexes of retail prices o f selected articles in large cities, 1935-48 ___________________________________________________________ Charts: Chart 1.— Consumers’ Price Index for moderate income families in large cities Chart 2.— Average monthly percent change in consumers’ prices, August 1939 to December 1941___________________________________________________ Chart 3.— Average monthly percent change in consumers’ prices, December 1941 to May 1942 ___________________________________________________ Chart 4.— Average monthly percent change in consumers’ prices, May 1942 to May 1943 _________________________________________________________ Chart 5.— Average monthly percent change in consumers’ prices, May 1943 to June 1946_______________________________________________________ Chart 6.— Average monthly percent change in consumers’ prices, June 1946 to March 1947 ________________________________________________________ Chart 7.— Average monthly percent change in consumers’ prices, March 1947 to December 1948____________________________________________________ Bibliography ________________________________________________________________ 44 45 62 67 68 72 74 vi 10 11 13 15 18 20 80 v C hart I.— Consumers' Price Index for Moderate Income Families in Large Cities INDEX UNITEO STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTIC S vi 1935-39*100 INDEX Consumers’ Prices in the United States, 1942—48 Analysis of Changes in C ost of Living Summary Economic Characteristics o f the Period The history of prices in the 7 years 1942 to 1948 is the history of one o f the severest infla tions o f the American economy, fairly success fully held in check for 4 years by a wartime program of economic stabilization, only to erupt in a violent price rise after controls were re moved. The inflation and its effects on prices penetrated every corner o f the economy and every part o f the country. The most extreme impact was on the prices o f foods; the least on residential rents. Only toward the end o f the period, late in 1948, did it appear that the in flation might have spent its force and that the adjustment to a postwar price level might be under way. The underlying cause o f the inflation, of course, was the increase in incomes and pur chasing power generated by the Government’s expenditures for the military establishment, and the concomitant diversion o f production from supplies fo r civilian consumption to sup plies for the armed forces and for the reinforce ment and reconstruction o f foreign countries in support o f the Nation’s foreign policy. Dur ing the last 2 years o f the period the influence of deferred demand for consumer goods made itself felt, and additional demands arose from a substantial boom in domestic investment in capital goods. So great were these demands in the aggregate that, until the last year of the period, not even a volume o f industrial and agricultural production much the largest in the history o f this or any nation was able to supply them. The period saw first the transition from a heavily armed peace economy to one o f all-out war and then back again. The expenditures fo r the military and for economic foreign policy in the 7 years totaled 344 billion dollars, or 23 per cent of the national product. A t the height of the war military expenditures alone reached an annual rate of over 90 billion dollars, or more than 40 percent o f the national product. Per sonal incomes rose from 73 billion dollars in 1939 to 95 billions in 1941 and to 214 billions in 1948. The early effect of this rise was to stimu late production and consumption in an economy still recovering from depression; but as the slack was taken up and the economy approached more nearly the limits of capacity o f materials, manpower, and facilities, the additional income exerted greater and greater pressures on prices and threatened to generate a gigantic price inflation. The threat first became serious as the Nation began to arm itself after the fall of France; and as the rate o f rearmament increased, so did the force of inflation. Consumers’ prices, as measured by the Consumers’ Price Index o f the Bureau o f Labor Statistics, after having re mained largely unaffected through the first year and a half of the war in Europe, began to rise early in 1941 and the rise picked up mo mentum as the year went on. In July the Presi dent asked the Congress for emergency legis lation to deal with the flow of supplies and with the rise in prices. The Emergency Price Con trol A ct o f 1942 was enacted 6 months later, and the Nation embarked on its first broadscale attempt to control prices. For the next 5 years the history o f prices was the history o f price control and economic stabilization. As the war progressed and controls became increas ingly effective, the price rise was almost halted. 1 2 CONSUMERS’ p r ic e s i n Toward the end of the war, the economic and political pressures for relaxation of controls be came insistent, and prices resumed a slow ad vance, culminating in the explosive rise in the latter half o f 1946 when controls were suddenly abandoned. The rise continued into the post war free markets o f 1947 and almost until the end o f 1948. (See chart 1.) The history o f these 7 years is the history also o f revolutionary changes in consumers’ in comes and expenditures. The rise o f employ ment and wages in the first years o f the war quickly lifted the Nation from post-depression levels o f expenditures. But even before full em ployment was reached, consumption was cur tailed by shortages and by rationing which be came increasingly rigorous as the war effort accelerated. Higher taxes, and an unprece dented rate o f saving that rose above 20 per cent o f incomes for 3 years, as a result of bond drives, curtailed purchasing power and con sumption and eased the inflationary pressures during the war. A fter the end o f the war and the reconversion o f the economy to the pur suits of peace, the denied wants o f the war years and the large accumulation of consumer savings generated a volume of demand that for several years exceeded the reconversion capa city o f industry and agriculture and forced prices higher still. The peak of prices in 1948 was reached at a time when the most urgent of T ab le 1.— Percent th e u n it e d states the postwar demands were being filled, and the ensuing decline of prices accompanied the eas ing of demands. As production, employment, and incomes leveled out or declined late in 1948, prices declined moderately; but even in the face of the declines it appeared that incomes and con sumption, as well as prices and expenditures, were leveling out on a plane much higher than prewar. Nevertheless, a new resistance to high prices indicated that substantial demands awaited a more favorable income-price rela tionship. General Character of Price Movements PERIODS OF PRICE MOVEMENTS The “ defense period,” from the outbreak of the war in Europe to Pearl Harbor, was one o f gathering inflationary momentum. The early price movements were spotty and speculative, affecting principally wholesale markets for ma terials most immediately in demand and most inelastic in supply. Only toward the middle o f 1941 were consumers’ prices much affected. The Consumers’ Price Index turned upward in April and continued to rise during the year. At the time o f Pearl Harbor, consumers’ prices were nearly 10 percent higher than in Decem ber 1940 and 12 percent higher than in August 1939. change and average monthly rate o f change in Consumers’ P rice In d ex, by major group, fo r selected periods, 1 9 8 9 -4 8 Defense period August 1939 to December 1941 Major group Percent change Transition to controls December 1941 to May 1942 GM PR period May 1942 to May 1943 “ Hold-the-line” period May 1943 to June 1946 Decontrol period June 1946 to March 1947 Postwar period March 1947 to December 1948 Average Average Average Average Average Average monthly Percent monthly Percent monthly Percent monthly Percent monthly Percent monthly rate of change rate of change rate of change rate of rate of rate of change change change change change change change change (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) All items----------------------------------- 12.1 0.43 5.0 1.00 7.8 0.65 6.6 0.18 17.3 1.92 9.7 0.46 Food_____ _________ ___________ Apparel-----------------------------------Kent______ ____________________ Fuel, electricity, and refrigeration. Gas and electricity_________ Other fuels______________ Ice---------------------------------Housef urnishings_______________ Miscellaneous goods and services- 21.0 14.5 3.7 6.8 —2.3 18.8 5.1 16.1 7.3 .75 .52 .13 .24 — .08 .67 .18 .58 .26 7.5 9.9 1.6 .8 — .1 .9 (>) 4.6 3.0 1.50 1.98 .32 .16 -.0 2 .18 0) .92 .60 17.6 1.3 —1.7 2.6 — .5 5.7 (*) 2.4 4.0 1.47 .11 — .14 .22 — .04 .47 1.8 22.9 .5 2.7 —4.2 10.3 1.3 24.8 10.9 .05 .62 .01 .07 — .11 .28 .04 .67 .29 30.2 17.2 .5 6.4 .1 11.5 5.5 16.8 8.1 3.36 1.91 .06 .71 .01 1.28 .61 1.87 .90 8.2 8.7 9.6 17.2 3.4 29.0 14.0 8.9 11.4 .39 .41 .46 .82 .16 1.38 .67 .42 .54 ilable. .20 .33 ANALYSIS OP CHANGES IN COST OF LIVING The entry o f the United States into the war in December 1941 was followed by a period o f rapidly rising consumers' prices. The Con sumers’ Price Index rose at a rate o f 1.0 per cent a month from December 1941 to May 1942, when retail prices of most consumer goods and many services were frozen at March levels by the General Maximum Price Regulation.1 The General Maximum Price Regulation slowed, but in the absence of general economic stabilization measures it did not stop the rise of consumers’ prices. The Consumers’ Price In dex between May 1942 and May 1943 increased at a rate of about two-thirds o f 1 percent a month. Following up the enactment of the Eco nomic Stabilization Act in October 1942, the President issued the “ hold-the-line” order (E x ecutive Order 9328) in April 1943, laying down a broad program o f economic stabilization. Measures to effect this were taken beginning in May, inaugurating a period o f comparative price stability which lasted through the war and almost to the end o f price control. From May 1943 to June 1946, the Consumers’ Price Index rose only 6.6 percent, or at a rate of less than one-fifth o f 1 percent a month. The decontrol period beginning in July 1946 was the occasion o f the sharpest rise ever re corded in the Consumers’ Price Index. In 9 months the index rose 17.3 percent, or almost 2 percent a month. By March 1947, however, the effect o f decontrol seemed to have run its course. Though prices continued to rise, they were affected more by postwar supply and de mand conditions than by the accumulated war time inflationary pressures. From March 1947 to the end of 1948 con sumers’ prices rose nearly 10 percent, as a re sult of rising postwar demands, rising costs, and many shortages. The rise might have been less and ended sooner but for the short crops of bread and feed grains in 1947 in the face of unprecedented demands, at home and abroad, which forced up the prices of many important foods and postponed by perhaps a year the peak o f consumers’ prices. The great 1948 crops in America and Europe and the easing i See TJ. S. Bureau o f Labor Statistics Bulletin No. 879: The Gen eral Maximum Price Regulation; also First Quarterly Report, Office of Price Administration, pp. 36-41. 3 o f demands for consumers’ and capital goods seem to have broken the back of the postwar price rise late in 1948, when the Consumers’ Price Index entered on its first sustained de cline in a decade. HIDDEN PRICE INCREASES The extent o f the recorded price increases in cludes no measure o f the costs o f quality de terioration in the form o f inconvenience, dis com fort, and inferior services forced on con sumers by the shortages and disruptions o f the war. By the same token, the restoration of standards o f quality after 1945 is not reflected in the postwar price indexes. From the consumers’ standpoint, these quality changes may be as important as the price changes. It has been recognized that the Consumers’ Price Index did not measure fully the extent of the price rise, and especially the extent of increases in living costs, during the war.2 The rigors o f the war economy enforced widespread changes in availability and quality o f goods and services, many of which necessarily escaped measurement.3 Furthermore, attempts by sell ers to circumvent the effects o f price control led to substitution o f inferior for standard goods, elimination o f lower-priced lines, cur tailment o f services, and outright black market transactions at illegal prices. It was estimated that the combined effect of these, if they had been fully reflected in the price indexes would have been to raise the Consumers’ Price Index by 3 to 4 percent by the end of 1943. By 1945, the accumulated understatement was estimated at 5 percentage points, but since VJ-day most of it has been canceled out by a reverse trend toward improvement of quality.4* 2 “ In general it can be said that price statistics, no matter how care fully gathered, are likely to understate the changes which are actually occurring in these m arkets; they fail to allow fully for improvement in quality on a falling market and, as at present, inadequately reflect reductions in quality which occur during a rising market. This is true, regardless of how carefully the specifications for price collec tion are prepared. M ajor modifications o f fabric or workmanship can of course be detected, but there is no feasible way o f making any quantitative allowance for all the countless changes which have been made and are being made in order to maintain customary price lines/* Monthly Labor Review, February 1941, pp. 290-291; or reprint, Serial No. R. 1257, pp. 5-6. 3 For discussion o f the effects on the index procedures, see pp. 29-31. 4 For sources o f these estimates, cf. pp. 32-33, and Report o f Presi dent’s Committee on the Cost o f Living, Office o f Economic Stabiliza tion, Washington, 1945. 4 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES Probably much the most important of these hidden increases in its effect on consumers gen erally, was the deterioration of quality of goods and services, most particularly apparel and housefurnishings.5 Almost from the outbreak of the war in Europe in the fall of 1939, rising prices o f wool and silk caused the substitution of mixed fabrics using cotton and rayon, and shifts to more inexpensive fabric construction, in attempts to maintain established price lines in the face of rising costs. As the rearmament of the United States diverted more and more materials from consumer uses, and as imported materials became scarcer, the processes of sub stitution became more widespread. In the sum mer of 1941 the importation of silk ceased, and stocks were frozen for military use. The out break of war with Japan cut off supplies o f rubber and tin from the East and curtailed sup plies of wool and other fibers. The great ex pansion in the war production program pre empted greater quantities of metals, leather, wool, rayon, cotton goods, and other materials which enter widely into production of con sumers’ goods. By the middle of 1942, the Gov ernment had intervened to control the consump tion of many important materials, through orders limiting their uses to production essen tial to the armed forces or to the civilian econ omy. These limitations became increasingly severe until the peak of war production was passed in 1944; thereafter they were relaxed, gradually until mid-1945 and rapidly after VJday. By mid-1942 “ weight and wool content of fabrics in apparel, blankets, and other products made o f wool had been lowered; thread counts in cotton fabrics had been reduced; silk in nu merous uses had given way to cotton or rayon; cheaper grades of leather had been substituted for calf in shoes and so on.” 6 Similar use o f inferior fabrics, and metal substitutes brought about deterioration of quality of furniture and other housefurnishings. “ In most cases no form al price reductions were made to compen sate for this deterioration in quality, and sub- stitutes have commonly sold in the same ‘price lines’ as the originals.” 6 Some of these changes were made in com pliance with Government orders for conserva tion of scarce materials and manpower; others were initiated by sellers to reduce costs and maintain margins in the face o f price control, particularly under the General Maximum Price Regulation. The conservation orders were di rected toward simplifying and standardizing styles and curtailing or eliminating the use o f scarce materials. Efforts were made by the price control authorities to establish maximum prices which reflected changes in cost, but the physical characteristics of apparel and house furnishings made it difficult to detect and pre vent hidden price increases. The use o f stand ards and standard labeling in the enforcement o f maximum prices was tried, but provoked such trade opposition that it was limited by statute in 1943. By the end of 1943 it was estimated that the quality deterioration not reflected in the index might have increased the clothing index by an estimated 4 to 5 percent, the housefurnishings index by an estimated 7 to 9 percent, and the food index by an estimated 1 to 3 percent, if it had been possible to measure them.7 How ever, after VJ-day and especially during 1946 and 1947, the improvement of quality, likewise not fully measured, may have caused the index to overstate the postwar price rise. Consumers’ services also deteriorated during the war in ways not fully measured by the in dexes, but the effects were less serious. Cur tailment of luxury services, fewer deliveries, longer waits, use of inferior materials, and shortages o f manpower were characteristics of laundries and dry cleaning establishments. Medical care was hard to get because o f short ages of doctors, dentists, and nurses; hospital care was stripped to a minimum. Transporta tion services were overtaxed and uncomfortable. Nevertheless, it was believed that “ except inso far as unskilled work, for instance, sometimes causes increased wear and tear, these incon 5 For details see the following reprints from the Monthly Labor Re view: Serial Nos. R. 1257, R. 1488, R. 1492, R. 1573, and R. 1935, from issues for February 1941, November 1942, September 1943, and July 1948. ® See Indirect Price Increases in Monthly Labor Review, Novem ber 1942, p. 909, or reprint, Serial No. R. 1492, p. 7. 7 Report o f the President’s Committee on the Cost o f Living, Office o f Economic Stabilization, Washington, 1945, pp. 316, 337-8, and 355-6. ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN COST OF LIVING veniences result in no increase in money cost and they can be regarded as necessary incidents o f the war situation.” 8 As costs rose, the effect of controlled prices on some clothing and housefurnishings goods was to narrow sellers’ margins. When this happened on low-priced lines, where prewar margins were often lower than average, there were incentives to shift production to higher-priced lines where margins were more favorable. This led in some cases to the disappearance o f cheaper qualities altogether in such goods as shoes, shirts, housedresses, work clothing, children’s clothing, and household textiles. In spite of incentives (such as priority allocations of materials) and regula tions intended to limit shifts to higher-priced lines and to restrict introduction of new styles and models, shortages of lower-priced goods per sisted throughout the war and into 1947 and 1948. It was not until the urgent demands were filled, in one line o f goods after another, that sellers again had incentives to restore lowerpriced goods. In some lines— radios, vacuum cleaners, and washing machines, for example— this occurred rather early during 1947; in auto mobiles, on the other hand, lower-priced models had not reappeared by the end o f 1948. In most textiles and in shoes, the change occurred dur ing 1948. Much o f the price effect o f the disappearance of low-priced goods was reflected in the Con sumers’ Price Index by procedures used to sub stitute higher-grade for lower-grade items as the latter disappeared.9 To the extent that the very low-priced lines were not represented in the index before the war, the effects of their dis appearance would not influence the index. Esti mates of understatement made very little al lowance for this factor since much trading-up by consumers was voluntary, reflecting higher incomes.101 The estimated effect of forced trad ing-up, if it had been fully reflected in the index, amounted from 0.06 to 0.11 percentage points.11 It was also estimated that the indexes had understated the increase in prices by about onehalf of 1 percent because o f failure to take into 8Report o f the President's Committee on the Cost o f Living, Office o f Economic Stabilization, Washington, 1945, p. 368. » Cf. pp. 28-29. 10 Report of the President's Committee on the Cost o f Living, Office o f Economic Stabilization, Washington, 1945, pp. 261-262. 11 Ibid., p. 12. 5 account fully the disappearance of special sales and mark-downs; and by about one-fourth to one-half of 1 percent because of under-reporting o f prices actually charged.11 The most important factor in the latter was the failure to reflect black market prices. Black market operation made headlines early in 1943 and gained momentum, reaching a climax toward the end of the war and immediately after. As in other countries, black markets in the United States arose from a variety of factors— scarcity of many goods, price con trols, rationing, and the inevitable fringe o f op portunists ready to capitalize by illegal means on the wartime disruptions. Consumers’ prices were affected most seriously by illegal practices in the sales and distribution o f goods in acute shortages, such as meats, butter, gasoline, tires, and nylon hosiery. Other consumers’ prices af fected included those for sugar, fats and oils, fish, cigarettes, and, to a smaller extent, a wide variety o f other goods. Although no accurate measurement can be made of the effect o f black markets on consumers’ prices, it was estim ated12 in February 1944 that 3 to 4 percent of the average cost of all food was due to black market operations. Black markets for meats and gasoline were, perhaps, the most publicized. Operators in these markets bootlegged their wares, counterfeited and stole ration coupons, passed forged rationcurrency checks, slaughtered cattle without li cense, and wasted badly needed hides. Butter, tires, and nylon hosiery were also traded in out right black markets. Other violations o f price ceilings were op erated more in the open— usually over the retail counter. These involved overcharging by up grading, shortweighting, and plain over-ceiling pricing, often by passing illegal wholesale charges on to the consumer. There were “ imi tative” black markets not always caused by scarcity. Fresh fish prices, for example, rose unduly in many instances, in sympathy with illegal meat and poultry prices. Mild circum ventions of regulations occurred in a great many ways, some o f which were legal or quasi-legal. These included so-called “ gray” markets such 12 Address by Chester Bowles, Administrator, Office of Price Ad ministration at New York, Times Hall, February 29, 1944. 6 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES as for textile fabrics, tie-in sales, the introduc tion o f new brands at higher prices, keeping popular brands of cigarettes under the counter, etc. The consumer was far from blameless, and those who supported the black markets some times even encouraged these conditions in order to get desired goods, by means o f gifts to re tailers, laxness in checking weights of goods purchased, deliberate acceptance o f upgrading, and willingness to pay exorbitant prices in the face of scarcity. The timing o f black market operations varied for different goods. The worst of the abuses of the black market in gasoline were suppressed by strict enforcement procedures, and the end o f gasoline rationing in 1945 quickly ended il legal gasoline transactions. Black markets for most other consumers’ goods ended with the lapse of price controls on June 30,1946. A few consumers’ goods continued to be sold at black or gray market prices, however, and illegal rents still were being charged in early 1949. During the height of black market operations, the Bureau obtained many over-ceiling prices at its regular price collections, which were in cluded in the Consumers’ Price Index. Adjust ments could not be made for the effect of underthe-counter sales. In mid-1943, a special com mittee of the American Statistical Association concluded that the error in the Bureau’s food price index, caused by under-reporting of above ceiling prices, did not exceed 2 percent. Most o f the price increases not reflected in the indexes were canceled out with the return to peace, the elimination o f price controls, and the restoration of normal patterns o f production and sales in 1946-48. The understatement of the increase in rents, however, continued in 1947 and 1948. This understatement arises partly from the failure of the rent index to reflect the difference in level between rents of new units coming on the market and comparable units al ready on the market.18 The extent of this under statement depends on the number of new units added and the differential between them and the rents for comparable old units. As new units were added in the postwar building boom, and especially after February 1947 when new units 13 Report o f the President’s Committee on the Cost o f Living, Office o f Economic Stabilization, Washington, 1945, p. 360. were decontrolled, the underestimate became greater. By August 1948 it was estimated at a maximum of 4 percent o f the rent index.1 *14 3 In addition to the understatement due to new units, the rent index during the war could not measure completely the indirect increases aris ing from the failure o f landlords to make neces sary repairs or provide adequate janitor serv ice, or from other unmeasurable costs such as payment o f extra fees or bribes as prerequisites for obtaining desirable accommodations. Throughout the discussions of the Consumers’ Price Index during the war, it has been empha sized that the index was designed to be used as a measure of prices, not o f the total costs of liv ing nor of fam ily expenditures. “ The index rests upon observed changes in prices o f the goods and services that go to make up a previously measured standard list o f goods and services. It does not rest upon measurement of changes in fam ily expenditure, which may reflect either a better or a worse standard of living.” 15 To this may be added: “ To most people ‘cost of liv ing’ means the amount o f money a fam ily spends. If it buys more food and finer clothes, or moves to a roomier home, its cost of living goes up. * * * The widespread opinion that the BLS index grossly understates the rise in cost of living is justified, if cost o f living is taken to mean the amount of money a fam ily spends for the commodities and services it buys. Even careful housewives seldom distinguish sharply between this meaning and the highly technical sense in which the BLS uses cost o f living—that is, average change in the prices of a list of fam ily supplies kept as constant as the character o f the supplies on the market allows.” 16 Neverthe less, a special committee of the American Sta tistical Association171 8 reported in 1944 that “ * * * the index provides an acceptable approxi mation to recent changes in living costs. W e be lieve that as a measure of price changes affect ing urban workers in large cities it is a good approximation.” 18 14 For details see Monthly Labor Review, January 1949, pp. 66-67, or reprint, Serial No. R. 1947. is Report o f the President’s Committee on the Cost o f Livin&r, Office o f Economic Stabilization, Washington, 1945, p. 6. 16 Report o f the President's Committee on the Cost o f Living, Office o f Economic Stabilization, Washington, 1945, pp. 261 and 263. 17 Cf. pp. 31-32. 18 Ibid., p. 109. ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN COST OF LIVING COMMODITY PRICE MOVEMENTS Food, as the most important class o f fam ily expenditures, had the greatest effect on aver age consumers’ prices in each period. During the defense period farm prices were recovering from depression levels, and the demand for food was increasing as incomes rose. From August 1939 to December 1941, food prices on the aver age rose 21 percent, or three-fourths o f 1 per cent a month. A fter Pearl Harbor, the rate of increase doubled. Although many foodstuffs, accounting for 60 percent of food purchases, were subject to the General Maximum Price Regulation, the remaining 40 percent were by law exempt from control. Prices o f foods sub ject to control continued to rise slowly as ad justments were made in ceiling prices under the General Maximum Price Regulation; exempt prices, on the other hand, rose about four times as fast. Not until farm prices were brought under control and the General Maximum Price Regulation was succeeded by dollars-and-cents ceilings reinforced by subsidies on important foods, was the rise in food prices checked. From May 1943 to June 1946 food prices rose less than 2 percent, or about one-twentieth of 1 percent a month. However, decontrol meant sudden and spectacular increases in food prices. The food index rose 30 percent in 9 months—between June 1946 and March 1947— or 3 y$ percent a month. The heavy demands and the short crops o f 1947 carried the index higher still—by nearly 15 percent— to an all-time high in July 1948. Improved supplies and slackened demands brought prices down about 5 percent by the end o f 1948. This decline, though small compared to so prolonged and steep a rise, was the longest and largest in a decade. Apparel and housefumishings prices were subject to many of the same influences and moved much alike during the 7 years. Both rose a little more than one-half of 1 percent a month during the defense period, and very much more between the United States entry into the war and the effective date o f the General Maxi mum Price Regulation. A t first, both were held firmly under control under the General Maxi mum Price Regulation; but as the supplies of 7 materials diminished with growing demands for war purposes, the deterioration of quality and disappearance o f lower price lines raised many problems of pricing and price control. This was particularly true o f cotton textiles— both gar ments and housefumishings— on which ceiling prices were repeatedly raised to encourage production and to comply with statutory re quirements for the pricing of all goods made of cotton. The result was a steady increase in apparel and housefumishings prices, par ticularly marked toward the end o f the control period. Even in the “ hold-the-line” period, from May 1943 to June 1946, these prices rose by more than 20 percent, or about three-fifths o f 1 per cent a month; and in the last 6 months o f con trols (January to June 1946) the monthly in crease averaged nearly 1 percent. Because o f more gradual relaxation o f controls, the rise that followed final decontrol o f apparel and housefumishings prices, though substantial, was less spectacular than the rise o f food prices. Prices increased by about 17 percent, or a little less than 2 percent a month. This rate o f in crease dropped to less than one-half of 1 per cent a month in the final period, from March 1947 to December 1948, as the postwar price level was restrained by consumer resistance. This factor emerged as the dominant influence in the closing months o f 1948 when the reap pearance o f buyers’ markets forced price con cessions in many lines. Retail prices o f fuels, especially of petroleum fuels, responded quickly to increased demand and growing shortages. The crucial importance of fuels led to price control regulations for both petroleum products and coals in 1941 and 1942, even before the General Maximum Price Regu lation, with the result that fuel prices remained almost stationary between December 1941 and May 1942. The tightening o f the supply situa tion and the disruption o f customary methods of water transportation caused repeated ad justments in fuel prices. Between May 1942 and May 1943, fuel prices rose more rapidly than any other except food, and they continued to rise through the end o f price control. The greatest increases, however, occurred in 1947 and 1948. Coal prices were raised several times, 8 CONSUMERS’ p r ic e s i n more than enough to cover increased wage rates and higher freight costs. Oil prices shot up ward in 1947 and 1948 as prices o f crude oil were bid up. In these 2 years, fuel prices rose far more than any other. On the other hand, prices o f gas and elec tricity, under public utility regulation, de clined during the war years, continuing their long downward trend. Only in 1947 and 1948 did they increase appreciably, principally as a reflection of higher fuel costs. Prices o f miscellaneous goods and services, as defined for the Consumers’ Price Index, in clude costs o f transportation, automobile pur chase, operation and upkeep, medical care, per sonal services, household operation, recreation, and education. Traditionally, these prices re spond slowly to changing price trends. Many of them are restrained by custom or otherwise from rapid change. Throughout much of the 7-year period they rose more slowly than other consumers’ prices; but during the period o f strictest price control, from May 1948 to June 1946, they rose faster than average because so many services were exempt from control al together. Alone among the principal components of living costs, rents were subject to controls of one kind or another throughout the 7-year per iod and rose far less than any other. Even be fore the enactment of the Emergency Price Con trol Act early in 1942, attempts were made to control rents in crowded centers of war pro duction by voluntary measures. Like other con tractual prices, rents are comparatively slow to move. During the entire defense period they increased less than 4 percent or about oneeighth of 1 percent a month. The increased de mands for space in the centers of war activity led to the control of rents in the spring of 1942 in 323 areas, covering 86 million people in some 673 counties. In four-fifths of these areas rents were frozen at levels of March 1942; in one-fifth they were rolled back to 1941 levels. Between May 1942 and May 1943 rents actually declined nearly 2 percent, as the result o f roll-backs of rents from the peak reached in the spring of 1942 to 1941 levels. For the next 4 years rents remained almost stationary, increasing alto th e u n it e d states gether only about 1 percent. In the early part o f 1947 the rent control law was modified to exempt newly built dwellings and to curtail somewhat the authority o f the housing admin istrator. As a consequence, in 1947 and 1948 rents increased by more than 10 percent—more than in the preceding 7 years combined. Nor was there any prospect that rents had reached their peak. The persistence o f the housing shortage in most urban areas indicated that rents would continue to rise for some time, about as fast as rent control would permit. CITY PRICE MOVEMENTS No part of the United States escaped the force o f the inflation, but the timing and the extent o f the effects varied among the 34 large cities for which consumers’ price indexes are com piled. In general, the price rise began earliest in the centers where war production had the greatest impact on employment and incomes— especially in shipbuilding centers. Portland, Oreg., Norfolk, Savannah, Jacksonville, and Seattle showed sharp increases by mid-1942, when retail price controls were first applied. By mid-1946, when decontrol began, all of these but Norfolk were still among the 8 cities (the top quarter) with the highest consumers’ price in dexes, indicating the greatest increases since prewar; and 3 of them were still in the top quarter when consumers’ prices reached their peak in 1948. There was some tendency, too, for prices to rise more in cities (especially south ern cities) where incomes and prices before the war were lower and where the effect o f wartime employment and earnings was particularly marked. The bottom group, cities with least in creases since prewar, has included cities like Boston, Kansas City, Mo., Richmond, Va., and Denver, where war production was relatively less important. Indexes computed for 20 small cities and 12 war production centers during the w a r19 indi cate the same tendency. The average price trend of the 20 small cities paralleled pretty closely that of the 34 large cities, but the magnitudes o f the price increases varied considerably by city, reflecting dissimilar economic conditions. 10 Cf. pp. 38-39. ANALYSIS OP CHANGES IN COST OF LIVING Of the 20 cities, Vicksburg, Miss., center of the cotton-growing area and site of several lumber mills, experienced by far the largest price in crease (35 percent from December 1940 to March 1945) and was more directly affected by wartime changes than many of the other cities. In Stillwater, Okla., on the other hand, a col lege town having no m ajor industries, prices rose much less (23 percent over the same period). In most o f the war production centers prices increased more rapidly than either the average of 34 large cities or the nearest large city in the Bureau’s Consumers’ Price Index. The differences among cities in the rate and timing of the increases, however, are small compared to the magnitude o f the changes in all cities arising from the wartime and post war inflation. COMPARISON OP PRICES IN WORLD WARS I AND II The movement o f consumers’ prices in the Second W orld War was in sharp contrast to movements of 1914-18. For the first 2 y% years, while price changes were virtually unrestrained, it appeared that the earlier experience would be repeated: there was the same period o f com parative stability, lasting about 1 ^ years, and the same acceleration of the increase in the second and third years as the United States economy became more deeply involved. There after the parallel ceased. Whereas consumers’ prices rose rapidly after 1916 and particularly after the United States entered the war, the rise was slowed in 1942 and after mid-1943 al most stopped by the economic stabilization pro gram. It was not until mid-1946, a year after the end of the war, that the parallel with World War I reappeared. The spurt of prices after de control closely resembled the rise in 1919 and 1920, but it was shorter-lived. A fter the imme diate effects of decontrol, the rate of increase moderated; and although the rise lasted longer (3 years beyond the end of World War II com pared to 11/2 years after World War I ), and carried farther, neither the rise nor the subse quent decline was so precipitate. Six months after the peak o f prices in 1920, the Consumers’ Price Index had declined more than 7 percent; 9 the decline from September 1948 to March 1949 was less than half as much. The difference appeared to lie not so much in the rate or ex tent of the preceding rise as in the basic condi tion o f the economy which in 1948 was less in flated by speculation, more prudently managed in its inventories, and buttressed by a more solid support of mass purchasing power. T a b l e 2 . — Consumers* Price Index fo r moderate-income fam ilies in large cities— estimated annual averages, 1 9 1 8 -4 8 [1935-39 * 100] All items Fuel, Miscel elec House- laneous tricity, furnish goods and and refriger ings ser ation vices Food Ap parel Rent 1913............... 70.7 1914............... 71.8 1915........... . 72.5 1916............... 77.9 1917............... 91.6 1918............. 107.5 1919............... 123.8 79.9 81.8 80.9 90.8 116.9 134.4 149.8 69.3 69.8 71.4 78.3 94.1 127.5 168.7 92.2 92.2 92.9 94.0 93.2 94.9 102.7 61.9 62.3 62.5 65.0 72.4 84.2 91.1 59.1 60.7 63.6 70.9 82.8 106.4 134.1 50.9 51.9 53.6 56.3 65.1 77.8 87.6 1920............... 1921.............. 1922............ 1923............... 1924............... 1925............... 1926............... 1927............... 1928............... 1929............... 143.3 127.7 119.7 121.9 122.2 125.4 126.4 124.0 122.6 122.5 168.8 128.3 119.9 124.0 122.8 132.9 137.4 132.3 130.8 132.5 201.0 154.8 125.6 125.9 124.9 122.4 120.6 118.3 116.5 115.3 120.7 138.6 142.7 146.4 151.6 152.2 150.7 148.3 144.8 141.4 106.9 114.0 113.1 115.2 113.7 115.4 117.2 115.4 113.4 112.5 164.6 138.5 117.5 126.1 124.0 121.5 118.8 115.9 113.1 111.7 100.5 104.3 101.2 100.8 101.4 102.2 102.6 103.2 103.8 104.6 1930............... 119.4 1931.............. 108.7 1932.............. 97.6 1 9 3 3 ............ 92.4 1934............... 95.7 1935............... 98.1 1936............... 99.1 1937.............. 102.7 1938.............. 100.8 1939.............. 99.4 126.0 103.9 86.5 84.1 93.7 100.4 101.3 105.3 97.8 95.2 112.7 102.6 90.8 87.9 96.1 96.8 97.6 102.8 102.2 100.5 137.5 130.3 116.9 100.7 94.4 94.2 96.4 100.9 104.1 104.3 111.4 108.9 103.4 100.0 101.4 100.7 100.2 100.2 99.9 99.0 108.9 98.0 85.4 84.2 92.8 94.8 96.3 104.3 103.3 101.3 105.1 104.1 101.7 98.4 97.9 98.1 98.7 101.0 101.5 100.7 100.2 105.2 116.5 123.6 125.5 128.4 139.3 159.2 171.2 96.6 105.5 123.9 138.0 136.1 139.1 159.6 193.8 210.2 101.7 106.3 124.2 129.7 138.8 145.9 160.2 185.8 198.0 104.6 106.2 108.5 108.0 108.2 108.3 108.6 111.2 117.4 99.7 102.2 105.4 107.7 109.8 110.3 112.4 121.1 133.9 100.5 107.3 122.2 125.6 136.4 145.8 159.2 184.4 195.8 101.1 104.0 110.9 115.8 121.3 124.1 128.8 139.9 149.9 Period 1940............... 1941............... 1942............... 1943.............. 1944............... 1945............... 1946............... 1947............... 1948............... December 1941 to May 1942: Transition to W ar Economy Price Situation, December 1941 At the start of the war in Europe, the retail price level had not recovered completely from the depression of the 30’s. Consumers’ prices in this country were 1.4 percent below the 1935-39 average, reflecting the especially sharp decline in food prices during the recession. The first 5 months o f war were the climax of a long CONSUMERS’ p r ic e s i n 10 period during which the American economy underwent a gradual change from a post-de pression slack to a state of preparedness for war. Chart 2.— Average Monthly Percent Change In Consumers' Prices During the defense period there was no statu tory authority for control of prices and no at tempt was made to control price rises at retail because moderate advances were considered consistent with expanding employment and the trend toward full economic recovery. A rela tively small number of basic commodities ex erted the chief pressure on the price system, and price rises for these commodities were checked by informal controls or maximum price schedules established at the primary market level. Retail prices began to advance late in 1940 and more sharply in the spring of 1941 as for eign orders for munitions necessitated diver sion of some raw materials and industrial equipment from peacetime uses. In July 1941 a bill to fortify the price control program was introduced in the Congress and passed at the end of January 1942 as the Emergency Price Control Act. During the entire 28 months following the outbreak of war in Europe, average retail prices increased 12 percent. Advances for major groups of items in the fam ily budget ranged from 3.7 percent for rent to 21 percent for food. th e u n it e d states The rise in food prices from their relatively low level in August 1939 was caused mainly by increased demand arising from the high level o f consumer purchasing power and Gov ernment requirements for the military forces and Lend-Lease. Until March 1941, the aver age rise in food prices was slow, but after that date food prices began to advance more rapidly. In mid-December 1941, the moderate-income fam ily’s clothing bill was about 15 percent higher than at the outbreak o f war. Prices of cotton clothing advanced more than clothing of other fabrics, reflecting diversion of cottonloom capacity to fill the needs of the expanding armed forces. On the average, costs of cotton clothing articles increased 22.4 percent and o f woolen garments 12.5 percent between August 1939 and December 1941. Housefurnishings costs increased 16.1 per cent, slightly more than clothing prices. Because most of the raw materials used in the manufac ture o f wooden and upholstered furniture were free from price control until late in 1941, fur niture prices rose more rapidly than prices of bedsprings, sewing machines, refrigerators and other items utilizing price-regulated metals. Cotton housefurnishings articles, also uncon trolled, advanced 20 percent between August 1939 and December 1941, reflecting large Army and Navy purchases. Changes in residential rents showed consid erable intercity variation from the average rise of 3.7 percent in 34 large cities, ranging from a 25.5 percent increase in Mobile, Ala., to an 0.2 percent decrease in Scranton, Pa. Public housing projects eased the acute housing short age in some war production areas but gener ally by the end of 1941 the amount o f new building was inadequate to meet the demand. Homes renting for less than $30 per month, in great demand, generally had advanced the most. Fuel, electricity, and refrigeration prices in creased 6.8 percent on the average during the defense period. An advance of over 17 per cent in retail coal prices reflected a recovery in mine prices from the depressed prewar condi tions in the industry, which was partly specu lative, but reflected also the relatively short supply of coal and higher wage costs. An in crease of 25.7 percent for fuel oil was a result ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN COST OF LIVING of the growing shortage of tankers, especially on the Atlantic seaboard. In contrast, gas and electricity rates declined 2.3 percent and 2.4 percent, respectively, in a continuation of their prewar trend. Average costs o f miscellaneous goods and services were 7.3 percent higher in December 1941 than in August 1939, with average prices higher for most of the items in this group. The cost of automobiles, for example, rose almost 19 percent; motion picture admissions, laundry services, barber services, cigarettes, and tele phone service were from 5 to 11 percent higher. During this same period railroad fares de creased approximately 10 percent. 11 9 percent. Similar increases affected common articles o f clothing: work trousers 11 percent; socks 9 percent and pajamas 14 percent; men’s and women’s shoes 9 and 5 percent, respectively. Chart 3.— Average Monthly Percent Change In Consumers' Prices The Transition to Controlled Prices The rate o f price advance was accelerated as soon as the United States entered the war. The Consumers’ Price Index rose 1.4 percent be tween mid-December 1941 and mid-January 1942, and continued to advance at the rate o f about 1 percent a month until mid-May 1942. Immediately after the attack on Pearl Har bor, United States war production was greatly expanded and the manufacture o f consumer goods sharply curtailed. In December produc tion of automobiles for civilian use was stopped; and during the following months plants pro ducing civilian goods were converted to war production or their output was preempted in whole or in part for military use. The spread o f shortages in the face o f rising incomes in creased the pressure on prices and indicated the need for a comprehensive program of price control to replace the selective controls of the defense period. Growing demand and diminishing supplies were pushing up prices at retail. Between De cember 1941 and May 1942, foods increased 7.5 percent; apparel, 9.9 percent; housefurnishings, 4.6 percent; and miscellaneous goods and services, 3.0 percent. Rents, usually stable in short periods of time, rose 1.6 percent in the 5 months. Some commodities, many of them important in fam ily consumption, rose much more. Between December 1941 and March 1942, for example, canned peas increased 9 percent; ham and pork chops 16 percent; dried prunes By January 1942, commodities accounting for about a fifth of the value of the wholesale price index had been brought under form al con trol and another fifth under informal control. The formal controls were stepped up to about one-third in February and March, and to about two-fifths in April. These controls on primary market prices provided the only restraints on retail prices. Only in a few emergency situa tions, such as flashlights, automobiles, and tires, had retail prices been controlled. The broadening o f control over primary mar ket prices of such commodities as wool, canned fruits and vegetables, cotton and rayon piece goods, and pork products was intended to re strain increases in consumers’ prices. The first comprehensive action on retail prices was taken during this period to control prices o f m ajor 12 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES household appliances and typewriters, which had become increasingly scarce. Soon after, retail gasoline prices were frozen on both coasts, as tanker sinkings made deliveries diffi cult and supplies precarious. As a first step toward halting the rise in rents, 20 war production areas (including 7 of the cities covered by the Consumers’ Price In dex) were designated as “ defense-rental areas,” preliminary to issuing rent control orders. Rationing also made its appearance during this period. Sales o f tires, automobiles, and typewriters were restricted to essential users. The first program for rationing of a commodity for universal consumption was undertaken when sugar rationing began in May. Shortly after, gasoline rationing was introduced in 17 eastern States. While these measures were intended to equal ize available supplies and ease the pressure on prices, they were not enough. Prices continued to rise. On April 27 the President recommended to the Congress a sweeping program of eco nomic stabilization, including higher taxes and stabilization o f wages. On April 28 the Gen eral Maximum Price Regulation was issued, under the authority o f the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, establishing comprehensive controls o f prices, both wholesale and retail.20 The regulation, in effect, “ froze” retail prices of most goods and many services at the highest level charged by each individual seller during March 1942. The control over commodity prices at retail was effective on May 18; over prices o f services on July 1. Though it was much the most ambitious and comprehensive price control action ever at tempted in the United States, the General Maxi mum Price Regulation still left much room for price increases. Some commodities and many services were exempt by statute; others because control was administratively not feasible. Most notable among the statutory exemptions were those required because the law did not permit controls of prices of agricultural commodities unless they attained a level above parity. Ex emptions under this provision included fresh 20 See U. S. Bureau o f Labor Statistics Bulletin No. 879: The Gen eral Maximum Price Regulation. fruits and vegetables, butter, cheese, canned milk, flour, fresh fish and seafood, and some meats. Personal services not connected with commodities (e.g., barber and beauty shops and professional services) Were exempt; but laun dries, dry cleaning, shoe repairs, and automobile repairs were covered. Concurrently, additional defense-rental areas were designated, to a total o f 323, covering 86 million people in 673 counties and independent cities. Rents in four-fifths of these areas were frozen as of March 1, 1942. In the remainder, reductions were ordered to cancel exorbitant in creases, and maximum rents were fixed at levels of January, April, or July 1941. This had the effect of canceling, in most of the 64 localities, between 25 and 75 percent of the increase in rents that had occurred since the beginning o f the defense period. These sweeping actions established the basis for even more effective restraints later on. May 1942 to May 1943: Prices under GM PR21 For a few months after May 18, when retail prices were controlled by the General Maximum Price Regulation, the rise of consumers’ prices was checked. Between May and September, the increase in the Consumers’ Price Index was held to 1.6 percent, or 0.4 percent a month. This was only two-fifths the rate in the months immedi ately preceding the General Maximum Price Regulation. But from September to May 1943 the increase was 6.2 percent or nearly 0.8 per cent a month. At the end of a year after the General Maximum Price Regulation, the index had risen 7.8 percent and food prices 17.6 per cent, and the cost of living was still not under control. The weakness of the General Maximum Price Regulation was evident almost from the outset. The statutory restrictions on control o f farm prices left approximately only 13 percent o f the value of items in the cost-of-living index free from control; but in that segment prices were rising very rapidly, with direct effects on retail 21 See Living Costs Since the Beginning of Retail Price Control, in Monthly Labor Review, July 1943, or reprint, Serial No. R. 1547. ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN COST OF LIVING food prices. Even in the first 4 months, food prices rose more than 4 percent; in the next 8 months the rise was 13 percent. Prices for cereal products, beverages, fats and oils, sugar, and beef and pork products, which were mostly controlled, rose moderately over the year. But prices of fruits and vegetables increased 48 per cent; fish, 34 percent; chickens, 30 percent and eggs, 23 percent; lamb, 20 percent; and dairy products, 11 percent. Chart 4.— Average Monthly Percent Change In Consumers' Prices The difference in price changes between con trolled and exempt food articles is plain from the following summary: Percent of change, May 1943 to May 1943 All foods........................................................................+ 17.6 Controlled by GMPR (May 18, 1942)........................ + 4.1 Controlled between May and October 1942_________ + 19.7 Controlled in October 1942_______ +31.7 Controlled between October 1942 and May 1943____ + 62.3 Still uncontrolled as of May 1943__________________ +73.1 The increases in controlled prices reflected upward adjustments in ceilings to compensate 13 for higher costs, particularly higher prices of basic farm products. The parity limitation on control of farm prices made control particularly difficult because the rising prices of foods and feed bought by farmers entered into the parity index and constantly pushed up the parity prices that set the floor under price ceilings.22 Viola tion o f ceiling prices was also an important fac tor in prices o f some foods, especially meats. Although prices of commodities other than foods, and of services, were effectively controlled by the General Maximum Price Regulation, the rising food prices and the accumulating force o f inflation led the President in September to ask amendment of the Emergency Price Control Act to permit more effective price control and to stabilize wages. The result was the passage o f the Stabilization A ct o f 1942 on October 2 which directed stabilization of prices and wages, as far as practicable at levels o f September 1942. The act of October 2 amended the original act to permit ceilings on agricultural products at parity or the highest price between January and September 1942. Under the amended acts, controls were estab lished immediately on prices of butter, poultry, cheese, evaporated milk, eggs, flour, potatoes, onions, and other foods, bringing to 90 percent the proportion of all food expenditures under control. Food prices continued to rise neverthe less, as ceiling prices were raised or violated. Extension o f controls in February 1943 to a number of fresh vegetables brought 96 percent of food expenditures under control, and a be ginning was made in control of restaurant prices in April. But these failed to solve the problem o f food price controls and their ad ministration. Between September 1942 and May 1943, large price increases occurred in al most all important classes of foods except cereal products, eggs (which declined seasonally), fats, and sugar. It was clear that retail food prices could not be “ frozen.” Prices o f clothing and housefurnishings, on the other hand, were held well in check. Be tween May and September 1942 clothing prices declined slightly and housefurnishings prices increased only 1 percent. Between September 22 For a detailed discussion of this effect, see Second Quarterly Re port, Office of Price Administration, pp. 11-13. 14 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES 1942 and May 1943, both increased slightly. Over the year clothing prices rose at a rate of 0.1 percent a month and housefurnishings at a rate o f 0.2 percent. Most of the increase was the result o f introduction o f new lines at higher prices and the discontinuance of lower-priced lines. More important were the unmeasured effects o f quality deterioration. The shortages o f ma terials forced the substitution o f inferior quali ties of fibers and metal substitutes. Maximum prices on established lines encouraged cheapen ing o f products to evade the effects of ceiling prices. Government measures to conserve ma terials limited the quantities available for use and resulted in few er and “ stripped” models. Thus, less cotton was used in garments, less wool in blankets, less metal in furniture. Increases in fuel prices were moderate despite shortages. The average increase over the year was 2.6 percent, largely the result o f adjust ment of ceiling prices for coal and fuel oil to compensate for increased transportation costs. Prices of miscellaneous goods and services averaged 4 percent higher in May 1943 than in May 1942. A great part of the increase occurred in those services exempt from control, such as medical and hospital care, beauty and barber shops, and movies. For many services shortage o f supply rather than price increase was the consumers’ principal concern. Doctors were scarce, especially in rapidly expanded war pro duction areas; and laundries were unequal to the increased loads laid upon them by wartime patterns of living. The rent control program was successful from the beginning. Because of the unique character of the rent transaction, rents were both administratively and economically amena ble to control. The rent control orders issued concomitantly with the General Maximum Price Regulation effected a decline in rents of 1.7 per cent between May and September 1942 and vir tually froze them thereafter. Though many families incurred increased housing costs as they moved from their established homes in re sponse to the exigencies o f the war, rentals o f dwelling units themselves were effectively sta bilized. During the year May 1942 to May 1943, as shortages spread, a number o f important con sumer goods were brought under rationing. Fuel oil was rationed in October 1942, shoes in February 1943, and meats, fats, cheese, and processed fruits and vegetables in March 1943. The rationing program assured equitable dis tribution of what supplies were available and eased the pressure on prices by limiting the demand. Largely because o f rising farm and food prices and the inflationary pressures building up from increased incomes, the President in April 1943 issued the “ hold-the-line” order in structing the agencies responsible for economic stabilization to fix and hold maximum prices on farm products as far as the law permitted and to stabilize employment and wages, in an effort to prevent further rise in the cost o f living. This order set the pattern for economic stabilization for the next 3 years. May 1943 to June 1946: Holding the Price Line The “ hold-the-line” order and the measures for economic stabilization taken to implement it ushered in a period of comparative stability of consumers’ prices. In the 3 years from m id1943 to mid-1946, the Consumers’ Price Index rose only 6.6 percent, or at a rate of less than one-fifth o f 1 percent a month. Food prices were first reduced and then held in check, and by June 1946 they were less than 2 percent above the level of May 1943. Rents were sta bilized. Prices o f fuels and o f miscellaneous goods and services rose slowly, at the rate of less than 0.3 percent a month. Clothing and housefurnishings prices proved most difficult to control, especially toward the end o f the period. They also proved most susceptible to quality deterioration. Because o f price in creases and the disappearance o f low-priced lines, the indexes of clothing and housefurnish ings prices rose by more than 20 percent, at a rate o f about two-thirds of 1 percent a month. Foods.— The immediate effect o f the meas ures taken in support o f the “ hold-the-line” order was a decline in the Consumers’ Price ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN COST OF LIVING Index, the first in nearly 3 years. Beginning in June 1943, the index dropped by 1.4 percent in 3 months. Primarily this was the result o f the “ roll-back” of food prices through the payment of subsidies to processors to compensate them for the difference between high farm prices and lower food ceilings. Between May and June the average price of butter was reduced 5 cents a pound; between June and July meats were reduced by as much as 4 cents a pound. Lower ceiling prices were imposed on fresh vegetables, with reductions, for example, of 50 percent for cabbage and 25 percent for lettuce. Chart 5.— Average Monthly Percent Change In Consumers' Prices HOLDING THE PRICE LINE Percent Housefurnishings Apparel Miscellaneous A L L IT E M S Fuel,Elec.8 Refrig. Food Rent May 1943 to June 1946 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS The firmer control of food prices was partly the result of the shift from individual store maximum prices under the General Maximum Price Regulation to dollars-and-cents ceilings for various classes o f stores in each city. The weakness of the individual store ceilings was recognized early, and soon after the General Maximum Price Regulation was issued meas ures were taken to replace it with a more ad m inistrate type of control.23 In May 1943 specific ceiling prices were set for almost all grocery commodities in all stores in more than 130 metropolitan areas, and by the end of June community prices had been issued for an aver age of about 1,000 grocery items in about 200 large cities. Specific prices were set for four classes o f stores for food items by brand name 15 and package size. Dollars-and-cents prices were also fixed for beef, veal, lamb, and mutton. This type of ceiling remained in effect throughout the rest of the control period and simplified controls for consumers, for retailers, and for the Govern ment. The combined effect of these actions was a de cline in prices that carried the index o f city food prices down 6 percent in the 10 months following May 1943. By 1944 virtually all foods were controlled, and prices thereafter fluctuated in response to seasonal adjustments in ceilings for foods such as eggs, fruits, and vegetables, as well as to changes in controls and subsidies. The decline in the first quarter of 1944, for ex ample, was the result o f seasonally lower prices for eggs, fruits, and vegetables and a slight re duction in bread prices made possible by a sub sidy to millers. In December 1944, average food prices were higher than a year earlier, for the first time since the decline in mid-1943. Although prices at the seasonal low in March 1945 were still 5 percent below the 1943 peak, the year-to-year gap increased through 1945 and into 1946. The index in December 1945 was nearly 3 percent above December 1944. The relaxation o f eco nomic stabilization measures after the end of the war led to price increases in the first half o f 1946. Ceilings for meats were adjusted to cover high wage costs; dairy products prices were raised to encourage production; ceilings for butter, peanut butter, and cheese were raised as subsidies were withdrawn; controls were suspended on fresh fish. Rationing was ended, except for sugar, and distribution of supplies o f some foods became more difficult. The food index almost regained the May 1943 peak in May 1946 and surpassed it in June, the last month o f comprehensive price control. Clothing and housefurnishings.— Because o f problems of control, clothing and housefurnish ings prices became the most serious threat to the stabilization of living costs. The variety o f articles and styles, the lack of standardization, the shortages and extensive substitution of ma terials, the deterioration o f quality, and the disappearance of low-priced lines— all these 23 See U. S. Bureau o f Labor Statistics Bulletin No. 879, The Gen eral Maximum Price Regulation, pp. 25-46. 16 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES combined to impede stabilization and to raise consumers’ prices in ways that preclude com plete measurement. Between May 1943 and June 1944, clothing prices on the average rose 8 percent and housefurnishings prices 11 percent. Supplies were short, especially in the lower-priced lines where margins under ceiling prices were less favora ble. In attempts to attract manpower for in creased production, wage increases were per mitted in a number of cases, and ceiling prices were adjusted to compensate for higher labor costs and to encourage production. The Stabilization Extension A ct of 1944 re quired modification o f methods for controlling prices o f cotton textiles and clothing. An amendment to the act required that ceiling prices for individual items— rather than for the average of items—made o f cotton must be high enough to permit payment of parity prices for cotton to the grower. By October 1944 ceil ings had been increased on fabrics which ac counted for more than half of cotton consump tion. The act also outlawed the earlier price control limitation under which men’s and women’s clothing could not be offered in a higher price line than the highest in the base period. As a result of these modifications and the growing scarcity of inexpensive articles, the index of clothing prices increased another 3.5 percent, and the index o f housefurnishings 3.3 percent between June and December 1944. During the year 1944, prices of men’s pa jamas and shorts rose 16 percent and housedresses 14 percent. Scarcity o f low-priced children’s wear, work clothing and shirts, towels, sheets, and furniture forced consumers to “ trade up” at increasing cost. Toward the end o f 1944, after the peak of war production, some “ reconversion goods” returned to the civilian markets, at prices that were raised to cover accumulated increases in costs during their absence. The return of all-wool clothes and spring-filled furniture at materially higher prices contributed to the advances in the price indexes. In an effort to increase the production o f lower priced textiles and to reduce prices, pri ority assistance was granted early in 1945 for the manufacture of goods selling below speci fied prices. A t the same time clothing manu facturers were required to distribute their pro duction by price lines to maintain their aver age price in an earlier base period. “ Pre-ticketing” garments and freezing retail mark-ups on specific items of textiles, clothing, shoes, furniture, and housefurnishings were pre scribed to replace the General Maximum Price Regulation and tighten price controls. The rate of increase slackened in 1945. Cloth ing prices rose 4.6 percent and housefumishings 3.7 percent. The increases were most marked for cottons— both clothing and house hold textiles. Prices o f cotton housedresses in creased 16.9 percent; sheets, 13 percent; towels, 7 percent; men’s shirts, 14.9 percent. Short ages persisted, in spite o f the special programs for stimulating production and reducing prices. As demands increased after the end of the war, pressures mounted for relaxation o f price controls to encourage expansion o f supplies. Supplies increased, but not fast enough, and prices were raised repeatedly. Clothing prices rose 2.5 percent in the first quarter o f 1946, and 2.7 percent in the second. Housefurnishings prices rose 1.3 percent in the first quarter and 3.9 percent in the second. The demobilization of the armed forces and the reuniting of fam i lies generated demands which outstripped the reconversion rate of production and created in flationary forces which the price control ma chinery could not withstand. Fuel, electricity, and, refrigeration. — Fuel prices, both for coals and oils, increased mod erately throughout the 3-year period of strict controls. Coal prices, both anthracite and bitu minous, were higher, year by year. Oil prices also rose steadily, except for a 14-percent de cline in fuel oil prices in the third quarter of 1945, representing the withdrawal o f an earlier increase to compensate for higher transporta tion costs during the war. Rates o f gas and electric utilities declined just as steadily, under constant pressure from price control authori ties. In June 1946, fuel prices averaged 10 per cent higher than in May 1943, but rates for gas and electricity averaged 4 percent lower. Miscellaneous goods and services.— Persistent shortages of labor, and the exemption o f many services from control, were principally respon ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN COST OF LIVING sible for the year-by-year increases in the in dex of prices of miscellaneous goods and serv ices. The increase raised the index in June 1946 nearly 11 percent above May 1943. While trans portation costs remained relatively stable, prices o f personal and household services rose as the quality deteriorated and inconveniences became commonplace. Laundry service was uncertain and more expensive. Medical care, by both physicians and hospitals, was limited by short ages of facilities and personnel, but rates were higher. Barber and beauty shops persistently increased their prices. Rents.— Once rent control was firmly and nearly universally in effect, rents remained al most stationary. The rent index in June 1946 was only 0.5 percent higher than it was 3 years earlier. Nevertheless, the dislocations of wartime living uprooted many families and sent them in search o f new homes near the sources o f war jobs. The traditional mobility of the Ameri can labor force led to great shifts of popula tion which aggravated the housing shortages in war production areas. War housing met some o f the need, but building was limited by scarcity o f men and m aterials; and as the war went on, the housing shortage became worse. The in creased costs, both in money and discomfort, of improvised living is not measured by any in dex. The complaint that it costs more to live in a new place than in the old, was borne out by the experience of many families. June 1946 to March 1947: Decontrol of Prices Beginning in July 1946, controls were lifted rapidly from prices of consumers’ goods and services, and prices rose at the sharpest rate ever recorded (table 3 ). In the first quarter of decontrol (June-September 1946), the Con sumers’ Price Index rose at the rate of nearly 3.2 percent a month. In the second quarter, the rate had slowed to 1.7 percent. By the end of the year, nearly all prices except residential rents had been decontrolled. The average rise was halted in the first 2 months of 1947, when food prices dropped, offsetting the continued increases in prices o f all other commodities. 17 In March, food prices resumed their rise, and the index turned sharply upward. By April it appeared the wartime pressures for increases which had been largely suppressed since m id1942 had finally been realized in higher prices, and thereafter prices responded directly to the market influences o f the postwar period. T a b l e 3 .— Decontrol o f consumers' prices— Changes in Con sumers' Price In d ex , J u ly 1946-M a rch 19 4 7 , by months Month All items Food Apparel Housefumishings Fuel, electric ity, and refrigera tion Rent Miscel laneous goods and services Percent change from preceding month 1946 July______ August___ September _ October — November _ December.. 1947 January__ February. . March____ 5.9 2.1 1.2 1.9 2.4 .7 0 — .1 2.0 13.8 3.3 1.7 3.4 4.3 1.0 1.2 1.3 3.5 1.8 1.5 3.6 0 1.0 1.6 2.9 1.3 1.7 3.2 —1.1 — .8 3.9 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.1 .9 .8 1.6 .2 .1 - 2.5 .4 .7 .3 .6 0 *0.2 .1 0 0 0 »0 .1 .1 0 .2 1 .2 .1 1.1 2 .7 .7 .2 .6 1 Not available. 2 Change from June. * Change from September. Although gradual relaxation o f price ceilings and controls had been in progress since VJ-day, the termination came suddenly. Price controls lapsed entirely on July 1 for a brief time, when the President and the Congress failed to agree on an extension of the Price Control Act. No controls were restored until July 25, when the Price Control Extension Act o f 1946 became effective. Those 3 weeks brought a sample of what was to follow. Between June 15 and July 15, the Consumers’ Price Index increased by nearly 6 percent, almost altogether the result of a 14-percent rise in food prices. Prices o f clothing and housefurnishings were more re strained, as retailers waited to see what re placement would cost. The new act reinstated most o f the controls which had lapsed, except on agricultural com modities, but it prescribed many limitations on price controls and established new standards and procedures for decontrol. The act expressed itself in opposition to controls and subsidies and made rapid decontrol a national policy. It exempted a large proportion of agricultural commodities from control at least until August 21, and specified that only those commodities 18 CONSUMERS’ p r ic e s i n in short supply could be recontrolled then. It required that maximum prices must cover in creases in average costs since 1940 and guaran teed distributors margins in effect in March 1946. It forbade regulations providing for the maintenance of prices which would average not more than specified maximums for all pro duction. It specified that prices for cotton and Chart 6.— Average Monthly Percent Change In Consumers' Prices th e u n it e d states wool products must cover specific raw material costs, mill costs, and a reasonable profit. Restoration of controls, even with these im portant modifications put a brake on consumers' prices. Prices rose less from July to August— the Consumers’ Price Index 1.9 percent and food prices 3.3 percent. The price increases for clothing and housefurnishings, however, were stepped up, as retail prices began to reflect higher ceilings on prices charged by manufac turers. The rate of increase in the Consumers’ Price Index was accelerated in October, as controls were terminated gradually, and still more in November, as almost all controls were aban doned under a general decontrol directive from the President. However, in December, food prices dropped for the first time, and in Febru ary 1947 the Consumers’ Price Index declined very slightly for the first time in a year, al though clothing and housefurnishings prices continued their rise. The Consumers’ Price In dex in March was 17.3 percent above the June 1946 level. Foods were most quickly and most markedly affected by decontrol. In the interim of decon trol in July, food prices shot up 14 percent, primarily because of sharp increases in average meat prices, ranging from 25 to 45 percent. Round steak, for example, increased nearly 20 cents a pound; chuck roast and pork chops, 14 cents; hamburger, 13 cents; and ham, 12 cents. Butter jumped nearly 20 cents a pound and milk 2y% cents a quart. By comparison, increases in cereal products (3 percent), eggs (9 percent), fruits and vegetables (3 percent), and fats and oils (9 percent), seemed moderate. Food prices rose again in August, with the largest increases for pork products and lard, even though fresh produce declined seasonally. A t the end of August, livestock, meats, cotton seed, and soybeans were recontrolled but dairy products, grains, poultry, and eggs were not. Fresh fruits and vegetables, not being in short supply, remained decontrolled. The new ceil ing prices for meats would have lowered prices for meats by more than 20 percent; but pro ducers were dissatisfied with maximum prices and withheld livestock from market. As a re sult meat was not generally obtainable. Butter ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN COST OF LIVING prices rose again, but lard and oil dropped sharply to the new ceiling prices. The meat shortage and the difficulties of ad ministering the new law led the President late in October to order decontrol of all foods ex cept sugar, sirups, and rice, which were in short supply the world over. Supplies quickly became plentiful. Meats reappeared at an aver age of about 9 percent above the uncontrolled prices of August and more than 50 percent above the controlled prices of June. Butter averaged 96 cents a pound and lard prices doubled in a month to an average o f 53 cents. By December the effect o f decontrol on food prices was largely completed. Seasonal in creases in supplies brought meat prices down 3 percent. Lard dropped almost as spectacu larly as it had risen; eggs and fresh produce were down. The food price index fell 1 percent. The less volatile prices, such as for cereal and bakery products, continued their rise into Janu ary and February, and by March the food in dex was 30 percent higher than in June. Not all of the decontrol period rise in the second half o f 1946 represented increased re turns to producers. A very large part o f the increases for some products was the result o f the termination of subsidies which had been used during the war to compensate food proces sors for the difference between prices o f their agricultural raw materials and the ceiling prices o f their products. Withdrawal of the subsidy, for example, accounted for more than half the increase on retail flour prices between June and December 1946; about half the increase on b eef; about one-fifth of the increase on pork; two-fifths of the increase on butter; and onehalf the increase on milk. The prices of bread and canned peas rose less than the amount of the subsidy withdrawn . Clothing and housefurwishings prices, hav ing been less firmly held in check during price control, were under less pressure to rise as con trols were removed. The interim decontrol period in July had less effect on price tags in clothing and housewares stores, which rose only about 1 percent in the month, with re tailers electing to hold prices pending final de cision on the status o f price controls. The more liberal pricing provisions of the new law, how 19 ever, permitted rises o f about iy% percent in August and from 3 to 3 y% percent in September. A fter the final decontrol in November, manu facturers passed on to retailers higher costs of fabrics and labor. December prices on the aver age were up more than 3 percent. The rise con tinued at a diminished rate through March, but an increasing selectivity on the part of con sumers was beginning to be felt. The accumu lated increase from June 1946 to March 1947 was about 17 percent. Cotton clothing rose more rapidly than wool, and many kinds o f cotton garments, especially in the lower price lines, remained scarce throughout 1946. This, o f course, added to pres sure for higher prices, especially after controls were removed. Men’s shirts, pajamas, under wear, and work clothing rose sharply with great demands from men recently demobilized by the armed forces; suits and coats more moderately. The increases for women’s clothing were much less. The largest increase in apparel prices was for shoes, which rose 23 percent between June and December 1946, reflecting the precipitate advances in costs of raw materials in primary markets. Housefumishings prices had already ad vanced 5 percent between December 1945 and June 1946, and rose 13.5 percent more by the end of 1946. Higher wages and raw cotton costs raised prices of sheets and towels. Floor cover ings and furniture also rose rapidly. Toward the end of 1946 household appliances reappeared in consumer markets, at prices substantially higher than in 1941 when they were last made. In a few fields, such as smaller electrical ap pliances, particularly radios, production was above prewar volume— a precursor of price de clines which were still to come. Prices o f fuels responded quickly to decon trol. Petroleum products were among the first to be decontrolled, and a quick increase in the price of crude oil was soon followed by retail price increases. Fuel oil rose more than 15 per cent. Coals and coke also were higher. Fuels on the average were 11.5 percent higher in March 1947 than in June 1946. Gas and electric rates, on the other hand, were almost unchanged. Many o f the goods and services classified as “ miscellaneous” in the Consumers’ Price Index 20 co n su m ers’ p r ic e s in were exempt from price control throughout the war, so that the effect of decontrol was indirect and comparatively moderate. All types of medi cal care continued to rise, as did personal serv ices. Soaps rose rapidly with the decontrol o f fats. The miscellaneous group in the index rose 8 percent in 9 months, with the largest increase in December after the final general decontrol of prices. Although the housing shortage grew more and more acute, rents alone remained under firm control after all other prices were freed. The rent index remained substantially un changed during the decontrol period. Although rents for identical dwellings did not rise, many families were forced to rent or buy more ex pensive quarters than they wished or, in some cases, than they could afford. The decontrol of building materials prices set off a rise in building costs that raised both rents and sales prices of postwar homes. th e u n it e d states wardrobes, women’s acceptance of the “ new look” apparel, the equipping of newly-built homes, and the replacement of household inven tories of goods which had been scarce or miss ing during the war created an enormous and not-too-discriminating demand, and prolonged shortages in spite of increasing production. The price movements of this period reflect the gradual shift from the sellers’ markets of 1947 to the buyers’ markets that emerged late in 1948, as demands became more discriminating and supplies more plentiful. Chart 7.— Average Monthly Percent Change In Consumers' Prices March 1947 to December 1948: Postw ar Prices The first phase of postwar prices, following the decontrol period, saw consumers’ prices carried to a succession o f peaks, reaching a climax in August and September 1948, and de clining for 5 months thereafter. During this period the Consumers’ Price Index rose nearly 10 percent, at a rate of nearly one-half o f 1 percent a month. The rise was punctuated by occasional declines, mostly the result of tempo rary recessions of food prices. All other prices rose almost without interruption through the fall of 1948. The decline from the highest peak of August and September 1948 seemed to offer some prospect that the prices were over the postwar hump and might stabilize at a lower level. Throughout most of this postwar period, em ployment, wages, and incomes generally were rising to new highs and purchasing power was largely and freely used. During 1947 and 1948, consumers continued to spend to satisfy wants denied during the war. Filling out of men’s Price movements in 1947 were dominated by the high level o f purchasing power and de mand for both consumers’ and producers’ goods; the very heavy demands abroad for American goods, especially foods; the extensive damage to the United States corn crop and cereal crops abroad; and increases in prices ANALYSIS OP CHANGES IN COST OF LIVING of basic metals and fuels. In 1948, the increase in purchasing power slowed down, export de mands declined, supplies o f goods were becom ing plentiful, and buyers were less avid and more cautious. By the spring o f 1947 industrial production was about 15 percent higher than a year earlier, and prices had leveled out just below the March peak. In April, food prices declined (contraseasonally) and prices of clothing and housefurnishings increased only slightly. In May, food and housefurnishings prices declined while clothing rose only 0.1 percent, and it began to appear as if prices might have reached an equili brium point. However, spring weather was un favorable to the corn planting; and, even in the face o f a record winter wheat crop, the news o f poor crops abroad and the prospect o f a 20percent decline in the United States corn crop sent grain prices to the highest levels since 1920. With consumers’ demands for food at their peak, rising grain and feed prices quickly af fected prices of livestock, meat, and dairy prod ucts. Food prices in June began a rise that was interrupted in only 3 o f the next 13 months and carried the food price index up more than 15 percent to the peak in July 1948. Prices of coal and steel, and freight rates were raised in the summer o f 1947, with farreaching effects on other prices. Throughout 1947 and most of 1948, prices of textiles and in dustrial materials— metals, building materials, fuels, and chemicals— were raised to cover in creased wages and other costs and, in many cases, wider margins. These increases ulti mately found their way into retail prices. Be tween the low point in May 1947 and the peak o f August-September 1948, the Consumers’ Price Index rose about 12 percent. Food prices were lower in April and May 1947 than in March because of declines in meat prices and seasonally lower prices for dairy products; but the less sensitive prices of cereals and bakery products continued to rise, and when meat prices turned sharply higher in June the index o f average food prices reached a new 21 high. By July the extent of the losses in the corn crop were appraised, and related foods— meats, eggs, dairy products, and cereals— were higher. The increase in August was greater, and in September greater still. From June on, the Government made extraor dinary efforts to fulfill commitments for ex ports o f foods to countries where shortages were acute. By September the export require ments to forestall starvation abroad led to the appointment o f a Citizens Food Committee to stimulate and coordinate grain conservation measures. These included “ meatless,” “ egg less,” and “ poultryless” days, a grain holiday for distilleries, and campaigns to encourage farmers to cull herds and flocks o f animals to reduce diversion o f bread grains to animal feed. The restraint on consumption o f livestock prod ucts reduced the demands, while the culling increased supplies temporarily, with the result that prices of meats, poultry, dairy products, and eggs declined in October. The decontrol o f sugar prices— the last of price control— was scarcely noticed. Meat prices continued lower in November and December, but prices o f milk, butter, and bread were higher. By December, bread had increased 1 cent a pound and milk 1 cent a quart above September, and butter reached an average price of over 95 cents a pound. As a result, the food index again reached a new high in December. The rise in meat prices was resumed in Janu ary 1948 and sent the index up again. A de cline in February and March reflecting sharp declines in grain prices, was followed by a 4 months’ rise in which meat prices rose another 20 percent and the food index another 7 percent. July saw the last of the 1948 peaks for food. Although meats and milk rose fo r another month, seasonal reductions in prices of fruits and vegetables and fats and oils brought aver age food prices a trifle lower. The real decline began in September and continued through the year and into 1949. The year-end decline in cluded most food prices except those which rose seasonally. By December the index had fallen more than 5 percent from the peak. 22 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES At the July-August peak, prices of individual common foods reached heights which will be long remembered: July-August Decern- Febru1948 high her 1948 ary 1949 Range Average Average Average Hound steak___ pound. _$0.60-$1.50 $ 1.01 $0.88 $0.74 Rib roast_________do__ .55- 1.10 .62 .81 .73 Hamburger_____ _ _do_ _ .35- .90 .56 .48 .63 Pork chops_______ do__ .59- 1.25 .91 .66 .67 Bacon___ _______ do__ .57- .98 .79 .75 .68 Ham......... _______ d o - .49- 1.00 .74 .66 .63 .74 Butter___ _______ do__ .76- 1.20 .92 .76 Potatoes. — 15 pounds. .40- 1.65 .85 .89 .75 Navy beans___ pound— .14- .33 .17 .23 .18 .29 .27 .20 Lard_____ _______ do__ .22- .45 .44 Oleomargarine____ do__ .29- .59 .34 .38 .14 .14 .00- .18 .14 Bread____ ........... - d o .22 .22 Milk (delivered).quart. . .18- .26 .23 The declines o f 1948-49 reflected the end o f the shortages and a more conservative attitude of consumers. The crops of 1948 were good; the export demand declined. Clothing and housefurnishings prices rose al most without interruption from June 1947 to October 1948, before they turned down slightly. The clothing and housefurnishings indexes were about 9 percent higher in December 1948 than in March 1947, an average monthly increase o f about four-tenths of 1 percent. Higher costs of cotton and wool textiles, leather, metals, and w ood; higher wages; and wider margins yielded higher retail prices, supported by strong de mand until toward the end o f 1948. It was then that consumers, their most urgent de mands filled, finally balked at top prices and forced reductions first on retailers and then on manufacturers. Prices of nearly all clothing and housefurn ishings rose generally through 1947. Shoe prices were repeatedly advanced. Higher cot ton and wool fabric costs were reflected in prices of clothing and household textiles and floor coverings, and higher metals prices in household appliances. Rayons were higher. A notable exception to the increases was nylon hosiery, which declined as output rose. Of the important classes of textiles and house furnishings, cotton textiles were the first to show some signs of price weakness. Cotton print cloth began to decline early in 1948 and dropped steadily throughout the year. Tanners and shoe manufacturers lowered their prices in the winter of 1947-48. The wholesale furniture markets reflected the search by retailers for more moderately priced lines to meet consumers’ demands. Radio prices declined in the face of very high output. Seasonal and other clearance sales began to reappear. In short, markets be gan to resume their normal, selective behavior. Yet prices of nearly all woolen clothing and most hard goods continued to rise in 1948. But as one line after another caught up with the backlog o f demand, prices leveled off or de clined. Radios were first; vacuum cleaners and electric refrigerators followed. Some declines were noted on prices of men’s shirts and under wear. By summer other cotton garments were lower, reflecting lower cotton textile costs. To ward the end of the year, prices o f men’s wool clothing were reduced after a disappointing fall season. The declines o f the indexes were only a fraction of a percent from the peak. More important declines of both apparel and housefurnishings followed in the early months of 1949. Prices o f miscellaneous goods and services increased by 11 percent, or about one-half of 1 percent a month, between March 1947 and December 1948. The steady increase included almost all these goods and services. The prin cipal contributing factors were the continued advance o f automobile and gasoline prices, in creases in local transportation rates, and higher costs of medical care. Prices of soap declined in several months. Average prices of fuel, electricity, and refrig eration rose 17 percent, or 0.8 percent a month, during the period. Gas and electric utility rates were increased because of higher fuel costs, but the rise was only 3 percent in 21 months. Fuels rose more rapidly than any other class o f commodities— 29 percent, or 1.4 percent a month. Coal prices were raised by $1 to $1.25 a ton in mid-1947, more than compensat ing for a large increase in wages. Several other increases covering higher wage and freight costs left coal prices at the end o f 1948 near their postwar peak. A 25-percent increase in crude petroleum prices in the fall o f 1947 raised fuel oil prices to new highs, from which they ANALYSIS OP CHANGES IN COST OP LIVING did not begin to recede until the very end o f 1948. Rents alone remained under control through 1947 and 1948, but rose nearly 10 percent be tween March 1947 and December 1948. Under the rent control law in effect at the beginning of 1947, rents rose only very slightly— less than 0.2 percent in 3 months. The Housing and Rent Act o f 1947 somewhat relaxed control and per mitted voluntary agreements between landlord and tenant, providing increases up to 15 per cent on leases. Under this law, rents rose 0.7 percent in July, 1.1 percent in August, 2.2 per cent in September, and 1.1 percent in October. The total increase from June to December was 5.7 percent— more than in the preceding 8 years.24 The greatest increases were in Chicago (11 24 See Residential Rents Under the 1947 H ousing and Rent A ct, in M onthly Labor Review, January 1948, p . 14, or reprint, Serial N o. R . 1917. 23 percent) and in Indianapolis, Birmingham, Minneapolis, and St. Louis (more than 8 per cent) . The smallest were in cities like Manches ter, N. H., Mobile, and Savannah where the cessation of war production has diminished de mand for housing. In Washington, D. C., and New York City, with local rent control laws, the increase was only a little over 1 percent. The privilege o f raising rents by agreement expired on December 31, 1947, so that the rate of increase dropped in the early months of 1948. The rent index rose only 0.3 percent between January and April. In April voluntary in creases up to 15 percent were again permitted, and rents resumed their rise. The increase was 0.9 percent from April to July and 1.9 percent from July to December, when the privilege again expired. The increase for the year was 3.5 percent. The continued shortage of housing and the low vacancy rates offered little prospect that rents could be held in check except by law. , Consumers* Price Index 34 Large Cities Description Title The Consumers’ Price Index for ModerateIncome Families in Large Cities, form erly called the “ Cost-of-Living Index,” measures average changes in retail prices o f goods, rents, and services weighted by quantities bought by families o f wage earners and moderate-income workers in large cities in 1934-36. The general purpose o f the index is to represent the changes in the prices of a specific, fixed market basket, or shopping list o f goods and services o f con stant quality. As such, the index is a measure of change in retail prices, or o f how much more or less it costs at one time than at another time to purchase a fixed bill o f goods commonly bought by a city worker’s fam ily. Prices fo r different items and groups o f liv ing essentials advance or decline at different rates. Besides the change in average prices o f all goods and services, the index indicates which m ajor groups o f items in fam ily budgets are changing most rapidly. The most precise and accurate title for the index is that which was applied to it more than 10 years ago, “ Changes in the Cost of Goods and Services Purchased by Wage Earners and Lower-Salaried Clerical Workers in 1934-36.” Unfortunately this title became shortened for everyday use to the fam iliar “ Cost-of-Living In dex.” By popular interpretation this came to represent the total amount fam ilies spend for goods and services, rather than, in technical statistical parlance, the changes in fam ily ex penditures due solely to changes in unit prices. This has been a m ajor source of misunderstand ing, particularly during the war. Actually the total cost of living is affected by many factors, including prices, fam ily income, changes in manner o f living, variations in the quantity and quality o f goods purchased, differences in liv ing costs caused by moving from one city to another, etc. The index does not indicate whether prices 24 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES of commodities and services used in family liv ing are higher in one city than in another. The index enables the user to make comparisons at different points of time within one city but not between cities. Special indexes which do meas ure differences in price levels between cities have been computed and published at intervals by the Bureau. (See City Worker’s Family Budget, p. 40.) As a result of continued confusion regarding the purpose of the index, the American Statis tical Association and other agencies recom mended the adoption of a more suitable short ened name. The current title, “ Consumers’ Price Index for Moderate-Income Families in Large Cities,” has been adopted as a result, and used on all releases o f the Bureau since August 1945. of most of the more than 1,400 different articles and services bought by American families. Since it is not possible to price all these goods and services, the Bureau selected only those items which were relatively important in terms o f family spending and which had distinctive price movements. The items were selected and the weights derived on the basis of actual consump tion of the families included in the 1934-36 survey. Approximately 190 individual items are priced for the index, including 49 foods, 58 articles o f apparel, 10 kinds of fuel, 23 articles o f housefurnishings, 49 miscellaneous goods and services, and rent. Since two or more quali ties are priced for many articles, prices fo r about 270 different articles and qualities are used in the index calculations. Coverage Uses of the Index The commodities and services included in the index, their weights and specifications, the cities covered, and the sample o f stores within cities were all selected with a view to the defini tion and primary purpose of the index. They relate to families of wage earners and lowersalaried clerical workers whose annual income ranged from $500 to $3,000 and averaged $1,524 in 1984-36. The index does not represent other population groups such as single individuals, families living in rural areas, families o f busi ness and professional men, high-income fam i lies, and families deriving a m ajor portion o f their income from sources other than earnings. The index is based on price changes in 34 large cities for groups o f items other than food. Food prices are surveyed in 22 additional cities. (See p. 40 for list of 22 cities.) The 56 food cities account for approximately 60 percent o f the total population of cities of over 50,000 popula tion in the United States. The Bureau is fre quently asked to calculate regional indexes, but its sample o f cities is not adequate for this pur pose. The 34 cities include 3 New England, 5 Middle Atlantic, 6 East North Central, 3 West North Central, 7 South Atlantic, 3 East South Central, 2 West South Central, 1 Mountain, and 4 Pacific cities. (See p. 36 for schedule of price collections.) The index represents the movement in prices Adjustment of Wages The index was originally developed for use in wage negotiations and this has continued to be one o f its primary functions. Traditionally it has been an important factor in determining equitable rates o f pay, and in some cases union management contracts have provided for speci fic automatic wage adjustments during the life of the contract based on the movements of the index. Prior to the war only about 5 percent of union agreements in manufacturing industries allowed for such automatic adjustments, but since the war its use for this purpose has be come more widespread. Under the wartime wage stabilization program, which will be dis cussed later, such automatic adjustments were eliminated or suspended as a result of orders o f the War Labor Board. In 1946, 71 agreements out of 99 key agree ments in 22 m ajor industry groups provided for wage reopening during the life of the agree ments. The index was one of a number of fac tors to be considered in reopening most o f the contracts and 5 of these 71 agreements related renegotiations exclusively to changes in the Consumers’ Price Index. On May 25, 1948, one of the most important agreements of this sort was made between the General Motors Corp. and the United Automo CONSUMERS’ PRICE INDEX— 34 LARGE CITIES bile Workers (C IO ). This agreement provided for an immediate 8-cents-an-hour increase to compensate for increases in living costs from 1940 to April 1948, and also for quarterly ad justments in wages based on the movement of the Bureau’s national Consumers’ Price Index. Other companies which have similar agreements include the International Shoe Co. and the Brown Shoe Co. Determination of Purchasing Power As a measure o f changes in retail prices, the index is also an indicator of changes in purchas ing power o f the consumer’s dollar, or the vol ume of goods and services a dollar will buy at different points in time. As prices increase the purchasing power o f the dollar decreases, and vice versa. The index is thus the basis for most estimates o f changes over a period o f years in the real earnings of labor. Since it refers to prices o f goods purchased by wage earners in large cities, it is most satisfactorily used as a measure of changes in the buying power of money wages o f large groups o f city workers. It is, of course, considerably less satisfactory when used for specific occupational groups, or in an area where buying and price conditions may vary markedly from the average. Guide to General Economic Policy One o f the developing uses of the Consumers’ Price Index is as a guide to broad economic policy. It is used as a measure of the extent o f inflation; that is, as a barometer o f the effect of price changes on workers’ families’ earnings and, by extension, to the United States popula tion as a whole. In the early part o f the war, the movements of the Bureau’s Consumers’ Price Index and its components served a m ajor role in the extended hearings preceding enactment o f the first Price Control Act. During the course of the war the index and its components served as a highly useful guide to Government price stabilization officials in formulating administrative and fis cal policies regarding commodities to control, decontrol, or subsidize. It was valuable in 25 measuring the effectiveness of price controls, particularly the community ceiling program for foods, and in determining the effects o f pro posed changes in price ceiling regulations or subsidies. The rent index, one o f the m ajor groups of living essentials included in the Consumers’ Price Index, continues to be used as a measure o f the effectiveness of rent controls. The index also has been used to gage the relative effec tiveness of price control policies in different countries. It was a consideration in the form u lation of war and postwar fiscal policies re garding taxation, sale of bonds, control o f credit, and related matters. Wage Stabilization The Consumers’ Price Index came into great prominence in connection with the Little Steel formula for wage adjustments under the wage stabilization program. This formula originated as a guiding policy o f the National War Labor Board in its wage decision o f July 1942 in the Little Steel case of Bethlehem Steel Corp., Re public Steel Corp., Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co., and Inland Steel Co. and was expressed as a definite policy for all industries in October 1942. The formula limited general wage increases to a total o f 15 percent above January 1, 1941, to compensate for increased living costs between January 1941 and May 1942, as measured by the Bureau’s index. The War Labor Board, in its statement o f policy in October 1942, specified that general wage increases of up to 15 percent above Janu ary 1,1941, were permissible, and in his speech on February 9, 1943, Director Byrnes an nounced as a basic wage policy that there should be no general wage increases in excess o f the Little Steel formula. International Comparison The rate o f change in consumers’ prices in different countries is an invaluable tool in the analysis of business cycles and related prob lems, and is intimately connected with the sta bilization o f international exchange rates. 26 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES Allowance Adjustment The index, or some o f its components, is also frequently used by welfare agencies to adjust allowances for families at the relief level, and by unemployment commissions as a criterion for revising unemployment compensation al lowances. Even alimony payments are occa sionally adjusted on the basis o f changes in con sumers’ prices. Long-Term Contracts A fairly rare use o f the index, but of con siderable importance when it does occur, is as a measure o f the price level in long-term con tracts. It has been used to adjust rentals in 99-year leases, and to provide income payments to beneficiaries so that annual payments change according to the purchasing power of the dollar. Methods of Price Collection and Tabulation Historical Background In the period of rapidly increasing prices dur ing and immediately following World War I, the Bureau initiated its “ Cost-of-Living Index” for use in wage negotiations. Prior to this time, information on retail prices had been limited to the cost-of-food index, begun in 1903 and carried back to 1890 “ * * * to determine, approximately at least, the changes in cost of living in the several years covered.” In 1919 the Bureau began the publication of indexes for shipbuilding centers and then for other industrial cities, weighted according to the consumption o f wage earners and clerical workers in 1917-19 as determined by the Bu reau’s fam ily expenditure studies at that time. In April 1933, at the request of the Secretary of Labor, the American Statistical Association appointed an advisory committee to study the statistical work o f the Department. With the advice o f this committee, and pending a basic change in consumption weights, three metho dological changes were incorporated into the calculation of the index in the fall of 1935. These changes were (1) an increase in the number of foods priced to 84 and a revision o f the weights used; (2) adoption of the group ag gregate method o f combining group indexes to obtain the all-items index; (3) use of popula tion weights, representing the metropolitan area where prices are collected and adjacent large urban centers, to obtain the composite index for the United States. The basis for the comprehensive revision of the index which was completed in the spring o f 1940 was furnished by the Nation-wide study of disbursements of about 14,500 urban families o f wage earners and lower-salaried clerical workers in the period 1934-36. This study is still the basis for the weights used in the cur rent index. On the recommendation o f the Cen tral Statistical Board, the new index was cal culated on its current base, 1935-39=100. The revision included a completely new list o f items, including a reduction in the number o f foods priced from 84 to 54, new quantity weights, and new population weights. It is described in detail in the Bureau’s Bulletin No. 699 and in the reprint from Monthly Labor Review (Au gust 1940), Serial No. R. 1156. Basic Method o f Calculation The index is based on the formula of Laspeyres: p _ * ~ SqoPo where the (g0)’s are the average quantities of each item used by families in the wage earner and cleri cal group in the base period, the (p«)’s are the prices for these items in the base period, and the (Pi)’s the prices in a current period. In this form, the formula is used only in calculating the food index. For groups other than food, the Bureau calcu lates the index on a variation of this formula, as a weighted average of price relatives for each item: where the (g0pj_i)’s are the “ cost weights” in the previous period, the (^ 7~ \ s are the price relatives for each item, and jB<_i is the index for the previous period. The two formula forms yield identical results. CONSUMERS’ PRICE INDEX— 34 LARGE CITIES The food component o f the index is calcu lated monthly for 56 cities. Average prices calculated both for chain and independent stores are combined with the use of weights based on total sales for the two types of out lets. The index fo r each city is calculated as a fixed base weighted aggregative index. The na tional index is calculated by combining the city cost weights with the use o f weights based on population. The rent index is calculated once in 3 months for each city and is estimated each month for 34 large cities combined on the basis o f the 11 or 12 cities surveyed during the month.25 Rents in the current pricing period are compared with the previous quarter rentals after adjustments have been made for changes in facilities in cluded, so that the rentals reported are for com parable housing in both periods. A relative change is calculated based on the sum of the rental rates for the same units in both periods, and this relative is applied to the previous in dex to obtain the index for the current date. Thus, the rent index is calculated as a simple link relative index with weighting implicit in the sample selection. For groups other than food and rent, the in dexes are calculated as weighted averages o f price relatives. The fuel, electricity, and refrig eration group index is calculated for each of 34 cities and for large cities combined every month. Indexes of prices of apparel, housefurnishings, and miscellaneous goods and services are calcu lated for 10 key cities each month and for the other 24 cities every 3 months, of which 8 are surveyed each month. The national indexes for these groups are based on actual price changes for the 18 cities surveyed during a given month and estimated changes for the remaining 16 cities. Price Collection Procedures Prices used in the index are those actually charged customers in a sample of outlets pa tronized by moderate-income families. Except for fuel, electricity, rent, telephone, transporta tion, and a few miscellaneous items, they are 25 The Rent Index— Part 2, in M onthly Labor Review, January 1949, p. 60, and reprint, Serial N o. R . 1947, p. 8. 27 obtained by Bureau representatives in personal interviews with store buyers or managers. Rent data are collected from tenants by personal visits once a year supplemented by mail ques tionnaires each quarter. Food prices are collected by part-time agents during the first 3 days of the week including the fifteenth of each month. Prices for most clothing, housefurnishings, and miscellaneous articles and services are collected by highly trained full-time Bureau representa tives. At least 4 prices (5 in New Y ork) are obtained for each item over a period centering around the fifteenth o f each month. Fuel and a few miscellaneous items are collected by mail questionnaire or from official manuals or rate books. Every effort is made to obtain prices on arti cles o f comparable quality from one period to the next. Each agent is supplied with “ speci fication” manuals, which describe articles to be priced in detail. These specifications are care fully written with advice of industry specialists. For clothing, for example, the fabric, stitching, size range, style, grade of workmanship, and other features are included. Whenever possible the agent prices the identical article from per iod to period. When this is not possible the agent is instructed to price another article con form ing to the same specification. Relative Importance of Components Relative importance figures are percentage distributions o f the value factors (cost weights) which result in the index calculation when aver age 1934-36 fam ily expenditures for groups of items are multiplied by price relatives that measure average price changes o f the items in the group. The relative importance o f individual items and groups o f items changes from time to time chiefly because prices of goods and serv ices change at different rates. Weight adjust ments, such as those made during the war to account for rationing and shortages, and reallocations made in June 1947 when the number of items priced for the index was reduced and items o f children’s apparel added, also changed the relative importance of items in the index. For a complete discussion, see Consumers’ Price Index: Relative Importance o f Components, CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES 28 reprinted from Monthly Labor Review (August 1948) as Serial No. R. 1933. This report gives the relative importance o f individual items in December 1947. A mimeographed report giv ing data for December 1948 is available on re quest. The relative importance o f m ajor groups of items in the index as o f December 15, 1948, is shown below: Relative importance (percent) December 15, 1948 Food__....................... Apparel____ __________ Rent__________ Fuel, electricity, and refrigeration............................ Housefurnishings................................. Miscellaneous goods and services.................. ........... __ 40.6 12.4 12.5 5.1 4.7 24.7 All items________ _________________________ 100.0 Index Adjustments Caused by the War Changes in Qualities of Goods Available The military program made heavy demands on our raw materials, manpower, and manufac turing equipment from 1942 through August 1945. In addition, drastic reductions in imports such as rubber, silk, skins, and burlap changed the nature of many consumers’ goods retailed from 1942 through 1945. Not only was the fiber, leather, metal, or other raw material con tent o f most goods limited or altered by Gov ernment limitation and conservation orders, but production of many apparel and household ar ticles was discontinued entirely by the end of 1942. As a result the list o f goods priced for the Consumers’ Price Index and the specifications for many of these commodities had to be changed during the four war years in order to correspond to the articles which were actually available to civilians. Most of the prewar manu factured goods which were irreplaceable or for which substitutes had to be used during the war did not reappear in the m ajority of stores until 6 to 12 months after the end o f the war, and in many cases were not readily obtainable until the end of 1947. The description o f nearly all the articles of apparel in the index had to be changed one or more times. As early as September 1942 the minimum new wool content specified by the Bureau was reduced for most woolen clothing, and soft woolen suitings replaced worsted fab rics in men’s suits. Silk was withdrawn from the Bureau’s specifications for women’s hosiery, slips, men’s ties, and yard goods, and virgin rubber removed from girdle specifications in 1942. The thread count (construction) o f ma terials used in men’s cotton furnishings and women’s cotton apparel were lowered to con form to WPB fabric standards which expedited the weaving of essential cotton fabrics. The quantity of cloth specified for work clothing and men’s cotton furnishings was reduced in 1943 to conform to limitations on yardage and dimensions imposed by WPB limitation orders. The quantity and quality o f leather used in shoes and shoe repair services priced for the index had to be lowered as a result of WPB con servation orders. These and similar revisions were usually based on detailed information ob tained in interviews with manufacturers. The war also altered strikingly the types o f housefurnishings and miscellaneous goods sold to consumers after Pearl Harbor. Between January 1942 and March 1943 a number of im portant metal and electrical goods disappeared from retailers’ stocks and did not reappear un til 1946. Under the first m ajor rationing or ders, production o f automobiles for civilian use was entirely forbidden and special permission was required to purchase new tires and tubes. New automobiles were dropped from the index in January 1942 and automobile tires and tubes in March 1942. Heavy electrical appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines disappeared from stores and were deleted from the index by September 1942. Other commodi ties deleted included gas refrigerators, radios, vacuum cleaners, and sewing machines. Whenever possible, wartime substitutes, such as “ victory” models o f gas stoves, replaced pre war articles in the index. Steel bedsprings were almost nonexistent after December 1942, and substitute models with wooden frames and bor ders were introduced into the index in their place. Solid-construction upholstered sofas, chairs, and sofa beds replaced the spring-filled articles in the index during the first half of 1943. At the same time, output o f innerspring CONSUMERS’ PRICE INDEX— 34 LARGE CITIES mattresses was discontinued and cotton felt mattresses were priced for the index instead. In 1943 and 1944 Axminster rugs with all wool pile became scarce, and the Bureau collected prices for Axminsters having a 50 percent rayon pile. Introduction of Wartime Articles Frequently, even in normal periods, a field representative finds that a brand of garment for which she has been obtaining prices is no longer stocked by retailers and another article which conforms to the same specifications must be priced in the outlet in place of the discontinued article. The substituted article may differ slightly in construction and other physical char acteristics and often differs in price from the discontinued line of similar merchandise, but both articles fall within the limits of the speci fication being priced. Since 1943 the Bureau’s regular procedure in such cases has been to com pare the current price of the new article directly with that of the article of the same specifica tion previously priced, and to allow the price difference to affect the index. If more than one pricing period has elapsed since prices were obtained for the article in a given store, a similar procedure is used, but the last price reported is adjusted by applying to it price relatives for the intervening periods com puted from the quotations from the other stores in the city sample. The change represented by this adjustment has already been reflected in the index. In a relatively few cases when it is impossible to price to specification and the description of the goods differs greatly from the commodities previously priced, prices of a new line of mer chandise have been “ linked” into the index so as to eliminate any price change due to price differences between the old and the new quality. This procedure has sometimes been used when prices have not been obtained from a store for the same type of goods for a long period of time. WARTIME CHANGES IN PROCEDURE During the period from March 1943 through March 1945, a m ajor exception was made to the principle o f direct comparison of prices of dis 29 continued goods with prices of substitutes meet ing the same specification from the same store. Problems of pricing to specification were par ticularly difficult during this period since many outright price changes were accompanied by quality changes or other hidden price changes. As has been pointed out,26 no statistical methods existed for measuring, in such cases, the amount of “ real” price changes. However, inasmuch as the quality of nearly all consumer goods tended to deteriorate during this acute phase of war time shortages, it was extremely unlikely that an article of as good a quality as the preceding article could be offered at a lower price. There fore, during this period, whenever a lower price was reported for goods substituted for a dis continued line in the same store, prices were linked so as to show no decrease in price. For wartime goods which were introduced into the index at the same or higher price than discon tinued goods of superior wearing character istics, it was possible to reflect in the index only the increase in absolute price. A fter March 1945 it was assumed that textiles and housefurnishings of equivalent or even improved qual ity could replace discontinued lines of merchan dise. Therefore, the price of the new goods, even if lower, again was compared directly by regular procedure with the last price of the discontinued line of similar goods. In addition, some changes in basic procedures for handling substitutions of items not meeting specifications were required. When the prewar types of apparel or housefumishings became unavailable in two or more stores visited by the Bureau’s field representatives in a city, revised specifications were written and introduced into the index city by city. Current prices of the wartime substitutes then were not linked but were compared directly with the prices of pre war specifications in the preceding period, with only a few exceptions. Prices of wartime commodities which were superior in quality or utterly dissimilar to pre war grades of the same general category were linked into the index according to the regular procedure described above. For example, rayon hose were linked into the index in place of silk 2« C f. p p. 3-6. 30 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES stockings, and cotton felt mattresses in place of innerspring mattresses. Still a different technique was used occasion ally when the Bureau priced separately and con currently several qualities of an article which could be closely defined. For example, if the lowest grade o f men’s woven shorts could no longer be priced in one or more stores in the city, the last price o f this quality was usually compared with the current price of the next higher quality o f shorts specified for pricing. This procedure enabled the Bureau to measure more fully the cost to the consumer o f the dis appearance of lower cost apparel, which was an appreciable living cost factor in the war years. In spite o f the painstaking preparation of specifications for articles of apparel and housefurnishings which are priced for the index, in the 1942-46 period the field representatives frequently had to select from a limited quantity of stock the item which most closely approxi mated the specification. For example, during the period of textile shortages, prices had to be accepted for colored oxford cloth and striped broadcloth shirts instead of white broadcloth shirts. Blanket weights might exceed or fall short of the range specified, and the coverings ,and other details o f furniture construction might not conform to the specification. If a description deviated too much from that of the commodity specified for pricing, as in the case of Wilton instead of Axminster rugs, the quota tion was not used in the index calculation. Prices for articles which deviated from speci fication were not introduced into the index sample of prices for an individual specification if 3 other prices for articles meeting the speci fication were available. The number of these quotations used in the index computations for apparel, housefumishings, and miscellaneous goods declined appreciably as the supply of civilian goods improved after 1945. By the end of 1948 these deviations had become minor. Computation o f price indexes for foods and for fuels did not require as refined adjustments for shortages and shifts in brands or styles as apparel and housefumishings did. Price indexes for foods have always been computed from much larger samples o f quotations than for other commodities in the index. The relatively stable characteristics o f foods and fuels have also simplified index computations for these cate gories of consumer goods. Changes in Commodity Weights For goods such as automobiles, washing ma chines, radios, and sewing machines, there were no wartime substitutes and the Bureau did not find it practicable to price second-hand models, other than automobiles and tires, which were priced for a brief period in 1942. For the most part the index weights of items which were un available and therefore were deleted from the index were transferred to a group of unpriced items until the commodities could be priced once more in dealers’ establishments and retail stores. The prices of this group of items were assumed to move in the same degree as the composite of all priced goods and services. Portions o f the weights regularly assigned to automobiles, tires and tubes, etc., were added to public transporta tion items. As the supply of many other essential goods declined sharply after Pearl Harbor, the Bureau made further adjustments of weights. Ration ing of gasoline, which began along the East Coast in May 1942, led to a 50-percent reduction in the index weights for gasoline and motor oil in cities in that area in June 1942. Simultane ously, because of informal conservation pro grams, the weight for these items was reduced by one-third in the remaining cities. When gasoline rationing became Nation-wide in De cember 1942, the weights of gasoline and motor oil in indexes for cities outside the Eastern Sea board were further reduced by 25 percent, thereby cutting the weight to one-half of its original quantity. An additional 10-percent cut in gasoline weights was made in East Coast cities in January 1943, making a total cut o f 55 percent. Fuel oil rationing, which was initiated October 19, 1942, occasioned a one-third reduction of weight in 9 of the 10 cities for which this type o f fuel was sufficiently important to be used in the index. Rationing also brought wartime changes in CONSUMERS* PRICE INDEX— 3 4 LARGE CITIES weights assigned to various foods.27 In March 1943 on the basis of estimates from the Depart ment of Agriculture of anticipated per capita consumption of foods, the quantity weights were lowered for fresh beef and lamb, salmon, butter, coffee, sugar, dried prunes, and navy beans, as well as canned peaches, pineapple, corn, peas, and tomatoes. A t the same time the weights were reduced for fish, apples, bananas, cabbage, carrots, lettuce, spinach, and corn meal. Larger quantity weights were assigned to several cereal and bakery products, pork products, roasting chickens, cheese, milk, eggs, oranges, onions, potatoes, lard, salad dressing, oleomargarine, and peanut butter. The list o f foods priced for the index was revised to include 7 new items— rolled oats, beef liver, hamburger, sliced ham, corn sirup, canned grapefruit juice, and canned green beans. Most of these foods had acquired increased importance in the fam ily shopping list because o f rationing and shortages of re lated foods. Grapefruit juice and canned green beans were added to give better representation o f canned fruits and vegetables. Changes in Collecting Rental Data As the defense program got under way, the Bureau in September 1940 changed from quar terly to monthly rental surveys in 21 of the 34 large cities, and continued to collect rental data on a quarterly basis for the remaining 13 cities. Prior to the summer o f 1942 the Bureau ob tained its rental data from real estate manage ment agencies. Since that time a smaller pro portion of rental property has been handled by rental agencies. Moreover, soon after the first cities were brought under Federal rent control in June 1942, it became evident that the Bureau would be more likely to obtain reports of viola tions o f rent ceilings if rental data were ob tained directly from tenants. Consequently, the Bureau selected for this purpose a repre sentative sample of housekeeping dwellings on a block basis, and by June 1943 had completed the shift to collection of rents directly from tenants in each o f the 34 cities surveyed for the Consumers’ Price Index. In addition to the 27 Bureau o f Labor Statistics Cost-of-Living Index in Wartime, in Monthly Labor Review, July 1943, p. 82; reprinted as Serial No. R. 1545. 31 regular surveys o f rent changes, taken on a com paratively small sample, checks were made on the validity of the rent sample through a pro gram o f dwelling-unit surveys, beginning in June 1944.28 The quarterly collections of rental data by personal visit to tenants— on a March, June, September, December cycle— were maintained until the summer of 1944. A t that time, with the rent stability experienced under the rent regulation, the Bureau shifted to semiannual collection of rental data by personal visit until 1947. During this period, half o f the cities were surveyed in March and September and the other half in June and December. In anticipation of a sharp budget cut for the fiscal year 1948, the Bureau in January 1947 began rent collection in 5 or 6 cities every month to distribute the field load more evenly over the year. A cycle of pricing the cities was de veloped to provide an adequate cross section o f cities each month in order that an estimate o f the combined city rent index could be made monthly.29* In March 1947 the Bureau began to contact the tenants in its rent samples by the use o f mail questionnaires rather than by per sonal visit, using the same pricing cycle and estimating procedure. In 1948 personal inter views with tenants were reduced to one a year, with rent quotations in the intervening quarters obtained by mail questionnaires sent to a seg ment of the tenant sample-units in each city. Criticisms and Appraisals of the Index Despite the numerous adjustments which were made, interest in and public discussion o f the validity o f the index was widespread. In view of the form al charges directed against the in dex by union representatives and others, cul minating in the decision to change its title in 28 For a detailed discussion o f the sampling procedures o f these sample check surveys, together with a description o f the methods em ployed in the maintenance o f the rent index, see The Rent Index— Part 2 : Methodology o f Measurement, by Helen Humes and Bruno Schiro, in Monthly Labor Review, January 1949, p. 60. The December 1948 issue o f the Review contains Part 1 o f this article, dealing with the concept o f the rent index. Both articles are reprinted as Serial No. R. 1947. 29 The Rent Index— Part 2, in Monthly Labor Review, January 1949, section entitled “ Estimating 34-Large-City Rent Index.’ * In cluded in reprint, Serial No. R. 1947. consumers’ prices in th e united states 32 the summer of 1945, several technical commit tees and a cost-of-living committee appointed by the President were requested to make inde pendent reports on the validity of the index. These reports are given in detail in the Report o f the President’s Committee on the Cost o f Living, Office o f Economic Stabilization, 1945, and in other documents listed in the Bibliogra phy on page 80. In particular, the index was criticized for failure to measure the total increase in the cost o f living during the war resulting from hidden increases in price.80 Doubts also were raised as to its representativeness for all units and areas of the population and for the adequacy of the sample o f items. It also was criticized for omis sion of certain items, such as restaurant meals, children’s apparel, and costs o f home owner ship. A fter considerable investigation the general accuracy and reliability o f the index for what it purports to measure were attested by the technical committees and by the President’s Cost-of-Living Committee. In October 1943 a special committee o f the American Statistical Association reported “ First, that within the limitations established for it, the cost-of-living index provides a trustworthy measure of changes in the prices paid by consumers for goods and services. Second, that many of the difficulties and doubts which have arisen con cerning the index have their origins in attempts to use it uncritically for purposes to which it is not adapted.” In June 1944 the technical committee ap pointed by the chairman of the President’s Com mittee on the Cost of Living reported that “ the BLS has done a competent job under very dif ficult market conditions, in providing a measure of price changes for goods customarily pur chased by families * * Summarizing the wealth of material presented to it, the Presi dent’s Committee reported that “ the accuracy of the BLS index figures for what they are in tended to measure is confirmed.” Five-Point Adjustment It was recognized, however, that there were certain hidden price increases which could not 30 Cf. pp. 3-6. be reflected in the index.81 From June 1944 to January 1947 the Bureau explained with each month’s release that “ the index does not show the full wartime effect on the cost of living o f such factors as lowered quality, disappearance o f low-priced goods, and forced changes in hous ing and eating away from home.” Although the Bureau never made a precise estimate of the amount o f these factors, the President’s Committee on the Cost o f Living reported in November 1944 that “ Under the exceptional market conditions which exist in wartime, and so long as we have a seller’s mar ket, allowance should be made for a hidden in crease in the cost of living of probably as much as 3 and certainly not more than 4 percentage points, due to quality deterioration, disappear ance of cheaper goods * * * .” 82 In December 1945 the Stabilization Director, in connection with Executive Order No. 9599 of August 1945 and No. 9651, amending it, which provided for modification of wartime controls, indicated that if account were taken of continued deteriora tion of quality and unavailability o f merchan dise between September 1944 and September 1945, the allowance for the period from January 1941 to September 1945 would total approxi mately 5 points for large and small cities com bined. In summary, the technical committee said: “ If the BLS had obtained strictly accurate re ports o f all the prices it tries to collect; if it had caught the change in average prices caused by their reduction in bargain sales; if it had priced the qualities bought by families with very low income and the qualities bought by the most prosperous of wage earners as well as those in the middle groups; and if it had made full allowance for increases in expenditures forced on families by quality deterioration that can be offset by buying more goods, its index would probably not be higher than it is now by more than three to four points.” 88 To which they added “ not to exceed one-half o f one [per centage] point” to compensate for what they judged to be the more rapid rise o f prices in3 2 1 31 C f. pp. 3-6. 32 Report o f the President's Committee on the Cost o f Living, Office o f Economic Stabilization, Washington 1945, p. 14. 33 Ibid., p. 12. CONSUMERS’ PRICE INDEX— 3 4 LARGE CITIES small cities than in the large cities covered by the index. The President’s Committee in establishing the original adjustment had explained that the dis advantage to a buyer in a sellers’ market '“can be expected to disappear as soon as we can re sume full production of consumer goods and services in a competitive market.” By the end of 1946, it was evident that several of the fac tors leading to the 5-point adjustment had dis appeared or diminished in importance since the end o f World War II, such as the failure to measure adequately over-ceiling food prices. Other factors still remained, and some had in creased, such as special rental charges. The President’s Committee had noted that the methods used “ to estimate the hidden in crease in living costs in a seller’s market * * * should not be adopted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics” since they were “ not suitable for use in preparing an official index.” No other agency has attempted to estimate the amount of hidden factors affecting the index after Sep tember 1945. Therefore, after January 1947, the Bureau dropped all reference to this adjust ment from its reports. Revision of Population Weights In calculating the indexes for the average of large cities, cost weights for each city are weighted on the basis of the population of the metropolitan area of the city and of other cities in the same region and size class. When the index was revised in 1939 the latest available population data were from the 1930 census, and population weights based on these data were used in the index calculation. A fter publication of the 1940 census, giving population data for April 1940, there were marked shifts in popu lation due chiefly to migration of industrial workers to centers o f war activity. In 1942 the Bureau of the Census published estimates o f changes in the population of metropolitan coun ties from April 1940 to May 1942, based on registration for the sugar ration book. Revised population weights, based on the 1940 census adjusted by these estimates, have been used in the index computations since March 1943 as no postwar population estimates are available. At 33 the same time 5 cities were added to the list of 51 cities previously included in the food index. The revised population weights used for com bining cities into a composite index for the United States are given in Bureau of Labor Statistics Cost-of-Living Index in Wartime, Serial No. R. 1545, from the Monthly Labor Review, July 1943. Postwar Adjustments of the Index Reintroduction of Prewar Specifications Prewar qualities of garments and housefurnishings were reintroduced into the index in the 2 years following the war, whenever such goods became available to consumers in suffi cient quantities. When three or more quotations could again be obtained from representative stores in a city for a commodity described by a prewar specification, the postwar prices were compared with the quotations for this specifica tion in December 1941, a period when retail stocks were normal and before quality deteriora tion had become a serious problem. For example, innerspring mattresses conforming to the Bu reau’s prewar specification displaced their war time substitute, cotton felt mattresses, begin ning in September 1946. The price relative from December 1941 to September 1946 was applied to the December 1941 cost weight for innerspring mattresses to obtain the September 1946 cost weight for mattresses of that description. This “ long term” method of reintroducing the grade of commodities priced before the war was adopted in order to make the best possible ad justment o f the level of the index for any war time quality changes, usually deterioration, which might not have been correctly measured during the war years. Moreover, selection o f a single date uniformly for all items greatly sim plified the calculations. By September 1946 re turn to prewar specifications was virtually com plete. Some important consumer goods, such as women’s silk hose and part-silk slips, had not re turned to store shelves by the end o f 1948 in suffi cient volume to warrant their restoration to the list of goods used in computing the index. Retail prices o f women’s nylon stockings, as of March 34 CONSUMERS’ p r ic e s i n 1946, were compared with the December 1941 prices of their prewar silk counterparts o f simi lar full-fashioned construction. Specifications developed for women’s rayon slips during the early war years continued to be used in the 1946-48 period. Some kinds o f prewar dress materials were outmoded and very little modi fication of the rayon dress specifications pre pared in the war years was made in these im mediate postwar years. Asphalt-saturated feltbacked floor coverings replaced the burlapbacked commodity in the postwar revision o f the housefurnishings portion o f the index. In September 1946 radio-phonographs replaced prewar table-model radios because combinations were the only articles available with the prewar wooden case. Other postwar revisions o f the housefurnishings group in conformance with industry trends included the addition o f the tank type o f vacuum cleaner and the substitu tion o f electric ranges for other non-gas types o f cooking stoves in several cities. Restoration of Prewar Weights As goods became more generally available, the Bureau also restored the prewar weights. Quantity weights for foods, which had been ad justed fo r rationing and shortages in March 1943, were readjusted and the prewar weight pattern was restored to a large degree in Febru ary 1946, except that minor adjustments were necessary because the 7 foods added to the in dex in the March 1943 revision were retained in the index.34 Rationing for gasoline and motor oil, weights for which had been reduced, was terminated on August 15,1945, and most of the weight was re stored to these commodities in the index the following month. Complete return to prewar weight patterns was effected a year later when the supply o f automobiles and tires had reached much more normal proportions. Prices of auto mobiles were reintroduced and weights restored 34 See Store Samples for Retail Food Prices, in Monthly Labor Re view. January 1947. th e u n it e d states in September 1946, and tires in December 1946. Prices o f other durable goods were reintroduced gradually and, by September 1946, restoration o f prewar weights was virtually complete for these commodities. Reintroduction was effected by making a long-time comparison o f current prices with those for December 1941, according to the pro cedure outlined above. This procedure auto matically corrected any error resulting from the fact that cost weights in the interim for the most part had been adjusted by the average price change for all priced items. Introduction of Children’s Apparel Until July 1947 girls’ coats and children’s shoes were the only articles of children’s or in fants’ apparel specifically priced for the index. On the basis of studies made prior to 1940, the price movement o f children’s apparel had been assumed to correspond closely to those of adults’ apparel. In making comparisons of prewar and postwar price data a special analysis o f chil dren’s apparel price trends was made to ascer tain whether identical types o f garments for men and women showed the same price be havior as those for boys and girls. Changes in retail prices collected by the Bureau for 5 types o f children’s apparel between March 1939 and June 1944 were compared with price move ments o f related types of adults’ garments for the same period. Another comparison was made o f the trend o f prices for 6 types of garments in the interval from June 1944 to March 1947. The rise in the average retail price of children’s apparel was greater than the advance in prices of adults’ similar garments from March 1939 to June 1944, whereas the prices of adults’ ap parel rose more than prices o f related types of children’s apparel from June 1944 to March 1947. Because o f the observed lack o f correlation between the price movements of individual types of children’s apparel and the corresponding gar ments for adults, the following articles were added to the index in July 1947 in addition to CONSUMERS’ PRICE INDEX— 8 4 LARGE CITIES girls’ coats and diapers, which were already being priced: 35 that price changes for foods were not based upon identical samples, as before. Boys* Apparel Overcoats Mackinaws Suits, wool Slacks, wool Slacks, cotton (to be added in 1949) Shirts, woven Shirts, polo Shorts, cotton, knit Oxfords Girls9 Apparel Dress, cotton Dress, rayon (deleted December 1947) Slip, cotton Brief, cotton, knit Anklets The expenditure weights fo r these articles o f apparel were determined from the Bureau’s 1934-36 field surveys and deducted from the related types o f adult apparel to which they had been assigned. Changes in Processing of Food Prices 85 In February 1946, in addition to restoration of prewar weights for food, the Bureau changed its procedure for (1) applying sales taxes, (2) com bining chain and independent store quotations, and (3) editing prices for comparability o f out let samples. Indexes o f retail food prices contin ued to reflect changes in sales taxes, but average prices published for the individual foods were made exclusive of sales taxes. Formerly, prices for all stores were weighted together in one average. Unless a full sample of quotations was obtained for all stores the weighting pattern did not maintain the chain-independent ratio o f sales volume importance. Beginning in February 1946, a separate average was computed fo r in dependent stores and for chain stores, and the two averages were combined in accordance with a fixed chain-independent ratio to obtain the average price for the city. Previously, with the exception o f meats, fresh fruits and vegetables, and certain canned goods, a price was used only if it was for the identical size, grade, and brand o f the food quoted the pre ceding month by the same store. Beginning in February 1946, all price quotations obtained for foods within the specification were averaged, so3 5 35 Store Samples fo r Retail Food Prices, in Monthly Labor Review, January 1947. Revision o f Retail Food Store Sample In June 1946 the Bureau’s sample of independ ent retail food stores was revised. The revision established, for the first time, a constant rela tionship between the total number o f independ ent stores in the sample and the total number in the city. It also included the stratification o f the sample in accordance with the distribution o f stores (1) by type o f store in terms o f kinds o f foods sold, (2) by size of store in terms o f an nual sales volume, and (3) by location within the city. The size of the independent store sample was increased for 50 of the 56 cities and de creased for 6 cities. The Bureau continued to obtain prices from all important chain organi zations operating in a city. Changes N ecessitated by Budget Cut in Fiscal Year 1948 Estimating National Indexes The serious cut in budget appropriations for the fiscal year 1948 necessitated a number of significant changes in the Bureau’s work for the Consumers’ Price Index. The national index continued to be issued monthly but the estimate was based on price collection in few er cities monthly, with quarterly collection in the remain ing cities. Food prices continued to be collected on a monthly cycle in 56 cities. Instead of per sonal collection o f rental data at regular pricing periods, the Bureau instituted a schedule o f three mail questionnaires and one personal collection per year. For fuels, collection of prices was con tinued monthly but was limited to the 34 large cities in the index rather than 55 cities in which prices previously had been collected. Greatest savings were made in price collection o f apparel, housefurnishings, and miscellaneous commodities. Formerly prices had been collected monthly in 21 cities and quarterly in 13 cities. Beginning in July 1947 prices for these groups were collected monthly in 10 key cities and quar terly in the remaining 24 cities according to a rotating quarterly cycle as listed below. The cycle was carefully determined on the basis of CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES 36 historical price movements for individual cities and coordinated with the cycle previously estab lished for rents,36 so as to approximate the national trend as closely as possible. Febru ary, M a y, A ugu st, M onthly Birmingham Boston Chicago Cincinnati Detroit Houston Los Angeles New York Philadelphia Pittsburgh N o vem b er Atlanta Cleveland Milwaukee New Orleans Norfolk Scranton Seattle Washington With the reduction in city coverage, a con comitant change in the method of calculation of price indexes for individual items (see p. 68) was necessary. The estimating procedure used for combining 34 city group totals was too costly for individual articles. Therefore, it was decided to calculate these relatives quarterly, based upon the 10 monthly cities and the 8 cities priced in March, June, September, and December, listed above, weighted to represent all 34 cities. The effect o f price changes in the 16 unpriced cities thus is not reflected directly in price indexes for individual commodities (other than food) and services after July 1947. Reduction of Number of Items Priced January, A p ril, July, M arch, June, Septem ber, O ctober D ecem ber Buffalo Denver Indianapolis Kansas City Manchester Portland, Oreg. Richmond Savannah Baltimore Jacksonville Memphis Minneapolis Mobile Portland, Maine St. Louis San Francisco In addition to a change in the estimating pro cedure for the national rent indexS7, the reduced city coverage necessitated a change in the method of calculating the United States indexes for the apparel, housefurnishings, and miscel laneous groups. In any given month, indexes (and cost weights) for these groups are calcu lated according to standard procedure for 18 cities (10 monthly and 8 quarterly). Cost weights for each of the 16 unpriced cities in any given month are estimated on the basis of the price trend in one of the priced cities and com bined with actual cost weights for 18 cities to obtain the United States total. The choice of estimator cities, which is reviewed periodically, is based upon similarity of price movement in earlier periods for these commodity groups. At each pricing period, errors of estimate for the quarterly cities are automatically corrected.*8 7 36 The Rent Index— Part 2, in Monthly Labor Review, January 1949, and reprint, Serial No. R. 1947. 87 Idem. Both the number o f foods priced and the number of individual quotations for each food were reduced in August 1947. The list was re duced from 62 to 50 food s; 13 were discontinued; and 1, rice, was reintroduced for the first time since August 1939. The number o f quotations obtained from independent stores on some foods (dried groceries and staple foods) was reduced substantially, but was left unchanged for meats and fresh fruits and vegetables, for which vari ation in price from store to store is greater than for dried groceries and staples. No change was made in the size o f the sample quotations from chain stores for any of the 50 foods. The reduc tions diminished by 20 percent the total number of quotations obtained from independent stores. Tests made by the Bureau show that the re duction in number o f foods priced and number of quotations obtained has had no significant effect on the “ all foods” index or the average food prices for all cities combined. Similar savings were effected in other com modity groups— chiefly a reduction in the number of different qualities priced. In most instances where prices for two or three qualities of a garment or an article of housefurnishings described by separate specifications had been used in the index, one quality was selected to represent a commodity after June 1947. The following tabulation summarizes the number of specifications of commodities other than foods and fuels which were used in the Consumers’ CONSUMERS’ PRICE INDEX— 3 4 LARGE CITIES Price Index before and after the decrease in July 1947: Number of specifications used in computing the Consumers*Price Index as of— June 1947 Apparel__________________ 100 Housefumishings_________ 38 Miscellaneous goods and services 100 December 1947 63 25 62 The quantity weights for specifications dropped from the index were assigned to the same type o f commodity, if one remained in the index; otherwise the weight o f the deleted item was allocated to the unpriced items of the group (i.e., apparel, housefumishings, or miscellane ous commodities) to which it belonged. In July 1947 the number o f unpriced articles imputed directly to priced articles of apparel also was reduced, and their weights were transferred to the composite o f unpriced items for the ap parel group. The movement of composites of deleted items for a specific commodity group was assumed to correspond to the average price movement of all the priced articles in the same group, rather than to priced articles of all groups. Presentation and Publication of Data It is the policy o f the Bureau of Labor Statis tics to make its indexes available on as wide a scale as possible. The Consumers’ Price Indexes are released regularly in various publications of the Bureau (listed below) and in other Govern ment periodicals. The Bureau’s procedure and statistical methods are explained in such bulle tins as Bulletin No. 699 (described below) and in special reports such as “ Store Samples for Retail Food Prices,” in the January 1947 issue o f the Monthly Labor Review. Unless otherwise indi cated, the publications listed may be obtained upon request from the Bureau of Labor Statis tics, Washington 25, D. C. I. Monthly Consumers’ Price Index Releases and Monthly Labor Review. A. The Consumers’ Price Index is released to the press monthly in mimeographed form as soon as available. It contains the United States averages and indexes for each of the 34 large cities, for all items, for m ajor 37 groups, and for food and fuel subgroups, for the current month and several other selected dates, and a brief analysis of price changes during the month. Tables o f per centage changes from selected earlier dates are also presented. Also published in this release are average retail prices of individual foods for 56 cities combined and the retail food price index for the 22 cities for which consumers’ price indexes are not calculated. In addition to the national press release, releases for individual cities are issued from the Bureau’s regional offices. B. The Consumers’ Price Index is carried in the Monthly Labor Review, the official publication of the Bureau of Labor Statis tics. The United States averages for all items, m ajor groups, and food subgroups, and for all items and food indexes for each of the 34 cities are published by months for the previous year and for certain other selected periods. Also presented are current indexes for all the m ajor groups by cities. The Monthly Labor Review may be obtained from the Superintendent o f Docu ments, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., at 40 cents per copy or $4.50 per year. C. Retail Food Prices by Cities, another mimeographed monthly release, contains retail food price indexes, percentage change tables, and average prices and price ranges for individual foods in the United States and in the 56 individual cities. II. Historical Tabulation of Indexes. Historical mimeographed tabulations o f indexes for all available periods for all items and the m ajor groups (fo o d ; apparel; rent; fuel, electricity and refrigeration; housefurnishings; miscellaneous) are available back to 1913 for the United States and for individual cities. III. Recurring Bulletins and Special Reports. A. Changes in Cost of Living in Large Cities in the United States, 1913-41 (Bulle tin No. 699). This is the most comprehen sive treatment of the Consumers’ Price CONSUMERS’ 38 p r ic e s Index in print. As part of a description o f the comprehensive revision in 1940, it in cludes explanations o f the construction of the index; the method o f weighting; tables of relative importances; tabulations, by city, of the indexes from their inception to 1941; other pertinent tabulations; and a comparision o f the index as revised in 1940 with the original index. Copies may be obtained from the Superintendent of Docu ments, Government Printing Office, Wash ington 25, D. C., at 25 cents each. B. Handbook of Labor Statistics contains all the m ajor statistical series compiled by the Bureau, including the national Con sumers’ Price Index for Moderate-Income Families in Large Cities, by m ajor groups of commodities, from 1913 to date; indexes for all items and foods in 39 United States cities and 4 territories and possessions, from 1923 to date; indexes of retail prices of foods in 22 additional cities, from 1923 to date. The most recent handbook (Bul letin No. 916) was published in 1947 in loose-leaf form . Insert sheets will be sup plied from time to time covering new ma terial and bringing regular series to date. The Handbook of Labor Statistics, 1947 Edition, may be obtained for 75 cents from the Superintendent o f Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. C. Retail Prices o f Food, 1946 to 1947 (Bul letin No. 938). This bulletin, which is part o f a regular series, includes a summary of retail food price developments and trends in th e u n it e d states during 1946 and 1947, a discussion o f food price controls and subsidy programs, and indexes o f retail prices o f food and average retail prices of principal foods, by cities. V. Price indexes for individual articles and services other than food, fuel, and rent have been calculated as a byproduct of the index calculation. They are shown for quarterly periods back to 1935 in tables E, F, and G, pages 68-79. Currently they are based on the 18 cities priced in March, June, Sep tember, and December weighted to repre sent all 34 cities. The samples of quotations for these commodities are considered inade quate for publication o f relatives for indi vidual cities or of actual prices, as is done regularly for foods and fuels. A. Price indexes are available for about 50 articles of apparel including the follow ing special groups: Men’s apparel Women’s apparel Children’s apparel Woolen apparel Cotton apparel Silk and rayon apparel Nylon apparel Footwear Other apparel Services (dry cleaning and shoe repairs) B. Price indexes for housefumishings and miscellaneous items are available fo r about 30 items and 95 items, respectively, includ ing the following special groups: All furniture, all furniture and bedding, trans portation, medical care, physicians’ fees, prescriptions and drugs, household oper ation, recreation, personal care, and all services excluding rent. Consumers* Price Indexes for Additional Cities Small Cities and War Production Centers In planning and administering a program to combat the inflationary tendencies which had become apparent as early as 1940, government agencies had found a need for some indication of price movements not only in large cities but also in small cities and in cities where emergency situations had developed because o f the rapid expansion of war production facilities. Accord ingly, with funds made available by the National Defense Advisory Commission, the Bureau in 1940 initiated indexes o f consumers’ prices in 20 small cities selected as a representative sample o f all urban communities in the 5,000-to- CONSUMERS’ PRICE INDEXES FOR ADDITIONAL CITIES 50,000 population class, and in 10 war produc tion centers o f larger size. Two additional war production centers were added later. Twenty Small Cities Index series were calculated from June 1939 to the spring of 1945 fo r 12 small cities and from June 1940 for 8 additional cities. The 20 cities are: Battle Creek, Mich. Bloomington, Ind. Chester, S. C. Clarksburg, W. Va. Clinton, Iowa Falls City, Nebr. Globe, Ariz. Goldsboro, N. C. Jonesboro, Ark. Lebanon, Pa. Mattoon, 111. Oconto, Wis. Oswego, N. Y. Stillwater, Okla. Torrington, Conn. Vicksburg, Miss. Vineland, N. J. Walla Walla, Wash. Watertown, S. Dak. Zanesville, Ohio 39 C, p. 62, for all available periods are on a Decem ber 1940 base except for Phoenix, for which the base period is March 1943. For 5 cities (Bridge port, Corpus Christi, Gadsden, Omaha, and W ichita), prices were not collected in December 1940. Indexes for this date were estimated by assuming an even rate of change between the nearest pricing dates. Methods Used Twelve War Production Centers In general, the methods used in calculating the indexes for small cities and war production centers were the same as those used in the Bureau’s regular series for large cities. Prices were obtained periodically from representative retail stores and service establishments in these cities and were weighted by the quantities o f goods and services usually bought by moderateincome families. Weights were based on data by regions obtained in the Bureau’s extensive studies o f fam ily expenditures in 1934-36. Ad justments similar to those in the Bureau’s indexes for large cities were made to take account of rationing and shortages. In Charleston, S. C., Newark, N. J., and Wichita, Kans., only food and fuel prices and rents were available from October 1939 to Janu ary 1941. For Charleston and Wichita, indexes for other groups during this period were based on average changes in the 34 large cities and for Newark on changes in New York City. Indexes were begun in October 1939 for 10 war production centers: Seven Estim ated Cities Prices were collected in June and December o f each year until December 1940 and quarterly from March 1941 through September 1943. In all cities except Battle Creek, Mich., and Leba non, Pa., the frequency of pricing was reduced in March 1944 to semiannual collections. Indexes for all 20 cities (presented in table C, p. 62, for all available periods) have been converted uni form ly to a December 1940 base. This was the pricing period nearest January 1,1941, the base date for the Little Steel formula. Bridgeport, Conn. Charleston, S. C. Corpus Christi, Tex. Gadsden, Ala. Newark, N. J. Omaha, Nebr. San Diego, Calif. South Bend, Ind. Vallejo-Benicia, Calif. W ichita, Kans. In addition, indexes were initiated in September 1940 for Newport News, Va., and in June 1941 for Phoenix, Ariz. In 7 cities prices were col lected quarterly through 1943 and semiannually until the series were discontinued in 1945. In 5 cities (Bridgeport, Omaha, San Diego, South Bend, and W ichita), designated as m ajor recon version centers, the series were continued through April 1947. Indexes presented in table The Bureau also calculated estimated indexes of consumers’ prices for 6 additional cities from October 1939 to 1945, and one additional city from October 1940 to March 1945 on the basis of changes in prices of foods, fuels, and rents in the given cities and on changes for other groups based on average changes in 34 large cities. In dexes are presented in table D, p. 67, for all available periods. The 7 cities fo r which esti mated indexes were prepared are: Dallas, Tex. Little Rock, Ark. Louisville, Ky. New Haven, Conn. Peoria, 111. Rochester, N. Y. Knoxville, Tenn. 40 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES Twenty-two Cities in Which Food Prices Only Are Obtained Indexes o f retail food prices only are calcu lated monthly for 22 cities in addition to the Bureau’s regular 34 large cities, and are incorpo rated in the Bureau’s national indexes for foods and all items. These 22 cities a re: Bridgeport, Conn. Butte, Mont. Cedar Rapids, Iowa Charleston, S. C. Columbus, Ohio Dallas, Tex. Fall River, Mass. Jackson, Miss. Knoxville, Tenn. Little Rock, Ark. Louisville, Ky. Newark, N. J. New Haven, Conn. Omaha, Nebr. Peoria, 111. Providence, R. I. Rochester, N. Y. St. Paul, Minn. Salt Lake City, Utah Springfield, 111. W ichita, Kans. Winston-Salem, N. C. Indexes38 are on a 1935-39=100 base except for the 5 cities added in June 1940 (Cedar Rapids, Jackson, Knoxville, Wichita, and Winston-Salem), which are on a June 1940= 100 base. Five o f the 22— Bridgeport, Charles ton, Newark, Omaha, and Wichita— were war production centers, as listed on page 39. 38 See Retail Food Prices by Cities, descirbed on p. 37 ; and Bulletin No. 938, Retail Prices o f Food, 1946 to 1947, p. 38. City W orker’s Family Budget In the spring o f 1945, the Labor and Federal Security Subcommittee o f the Committee on Ap propriations of the House o f Representatives directed the Bureau o f Labor Statistics “ to find out what it costs a worker’s fam ily to live in the large cities o f the United States.” The subcom mittee was interested in relative differences in living costs between cities, as well as dollar costs. Pending a more complete study, indexes o f relative differences in the cost of equivalent goods, rents, and services among the large cities for which consumers’ price indexes are calcu lated were computed for March 1945 and pub lished in the spring o f 1946.89 These indexes reflected the effect o f two factors of variation in costs among cities: the level of prices and rents, and variations in requirements imposed by cli mate. This was the first intercity index published by the Bureau subsequent to the discontinuance in June 1943 o f the series released between 1939 and 1943 entitled “ Estimated Intercity Differ ences in Cost of Living.” This older series is based on the estimated cost of a “ maintenance budget” as defined and priced by the Works Progress Administration in 1935.3 40 9 The results of the Bureau’s comprehensive investigation in response to the congressional directive were published in the City Worker’s 39 Relative Differences in the Cost o f Equivalent Goods, Rents, and Services in 33 Large Cities, March 1945, mimeographed release, June 1, 1946. 40 A brief description o f this “ maintenance budget” is given in Cost of Living in 1941, Bulletin No. 710, p. 34 ff. Family Budget in late 1947.41 The 34 large cities in the United States which are covered in the Bureau’s Consumers’ Price Index were selected for study, and the budget was priced for March 1946 and June 1947. The budget includes the cost of food, clothing, housing, medical care, transportation, reading and recreation, personal care, tobacco, and an allowance for other essential needs such as pub lic school expenses, gifts and charily donations, taxes, and insurance and union dues. The level of living provided by the budget is neither one of “ subsistence” nor o f “ luxury” but a modest and adequate American standard of living based upon the kinds and quantities of goods and serv ices that workers actually select. Thus it is more liberal than the W PA maintenance budget. The budget fam ily consists o f four persons living in a rented separate house or apartment. The fam ily is made up of an employed father aged 38 years, a housewife o f 36 not gainfully employed, a boy of 13 in high school, and a girl of 8 in grade school. Budget approximations have been made for families of different sizes. Dollar costs of the total budget, ranging from about $3,000 to $3,500 in June 1947, as well as of major components, were calculated fo r each of the 34 cities. These figures provided a meas ure of relative differences in costs o f goods and services between cities and supersede earlier 41 In Workers’ Budgets in the United States, Bulletin No. 927, p. 3. CITY WORKER’ S FAM ILY BUDGET estimates of intercity indexes published by the Bureau. In order to provide a means of measuring intercity price deferences without repricing the budget in its entirety, the Bureau has developed an intercity index formula based on the pro cedures and weights o f the City Worker’s Family Budget but requiring the use o f only 57 items instead of the more than 435 items in the bud 41 get.42 This formula makes it possible to esti mate at a given time the relative deferences in the over-all cost of goods and services, not only for the 34 cities in the Bureau’s Consumers’ Price Index but also for any city in the United States which is essentially urban in its manner of living. 42 The method is described in Measuring: Intercity Differences in Living: Costs, in Monthly Labor Review, March 1949; reprinted as Serial No. R. 1952. Cooperation With Other Government Agencies The Bureau has provided technical advice and assistance over a period of years to various Federal and State governmental agencies in col lecting price data and setting up special price indexes. The extent o f the assistance, particu larly to the States, has been limited, however, by the amount of Bureau staff available. STATES Wherever possible, assistance has been given to State agencies or universities in establishing price indexes for cities where the Bureau does not regularly collect data. Much of this assist ance has been in terms o f devising weighting patterns for various localities and in providing technical instructions on collection and process ing procedures. In a few cases when staff was available, the Bureau has undertaken to assign personnel to review the work performed by a State Agency. States to whom such assistance has been given include the follow ing: Illinois. In September 1948 the Institute o f Labor and Industrial Relations o f the Universi ty of Illinois undertook a place-to-place com parison of prices in Freeport with prices in Chi cago and Milwaukee. A member o f that organi zation attended training classes held by the Bu reau for its own staff, and members of the Bu reau’s professional staff later made a complete review and analysis of the materials before final publication of the indexes by the institute. Louisiana. The College o f Commerce, Louisiana State University, has published consumers’ price indexes semiannually beginning in 1942 for Baton Rouge, Shreveport, Lake Charles, Alexandria, and Monroe. When these indexes were initiated, Bureau staff prepared weight ing patterns based on its own expenditure stu dies and provided staff to train university peo ple in collection techniques. Later, at the request of the university, the weighting patterns were revised to conform to the Bureau’s own revision o f weights in July and August 1947. Current in structions on collection and tabulation proced ures are continuously supplied to the university. Massachusetts. The Commonwealth o f Massa chusetts, Department of Labor and Industries, has been calculating price indexes since 1910. Currently, the State is publishing a monthly re tail price index for the State. At various times the Bureau has provided technical assistance on weight revisions, collection, and calculation pro cedures. Michigan. Beginning in 1941 the Michigan State Department of Labor has compiled quar terly consumers’ price indexes. Currently, in dexes are published for 10 cities: Battle Creek, Detroit, Flint, Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, Lan sing, Marquette, Muskegon, Pontiac, and Sag inaw-Bay City. Weights for these indexes were prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics on the basis o f information taken from its own ex penditure studies, and reallocated recently to the reduced list of items priced by the Bureau since July and August 1947. The Bureau also supplies currently to the State Department of Labor copies of all instructions on collection and tabu lation procedures and sample copies of schedules. 42 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES Pennsylvania. The Commonwealth o f Pennsyl vania, Department o f Labor and Industry, has published quarterly consumers’ price indexes for six cities since 1938: Connellsville, Johns town, Lancaster, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Scranton. BLS figures are used for the last three cities named, but are converted to a base o f June 15, 1941=100. Cost weights for the first three cities were derived from BLS ex penditure data, and members o f the Bureau’s staff have reviewed the tabulations at various times. The State also publishes quarterly in dexes of food and fuel prices fo r 10 additional cities: Allentown, Altoona, Du Bois, Erie, Har risburg, Oil City, Pottsville, Reading, Williams port, and York. Utah. The State has established consumers’ price indexes for five cities: Salt Lake City, Logan, Price, Richfield, and Cedar City. The Bureau of Labor Statistics assigned a staff mem ber to set up weights for these indexes in 1946, and staff was also assigned to train local people in procedures applying to the collection of data. The work in Utah was carried on by three co operating State agencies: Department o f Em ployment Security, State W elfare Commission, and Bureau o f Business Research o f the Uni versity of Utah. Indexes have been published for December 1945, March and September 1946, March 1947, and March 1948. The Bureau o f Labor Statistics has provided personnel to re view the indexes on several occasions and has revised weights to conform to revisions in its own indexes in July and August 1947. It con tinues to provide copies of all current instruc tions on collection and tabulation procedures. The above States are those to which the Bu reau has provided technical assistance in vary ing degrees for the purpose o f setting up and maintaining local indexes. Several other States or local agencies are currently publishing vari ous types of price indexes. The Bureau has re cently had requests to supply assistance and advice in establishing indexes by government agencies in Washington, Montana, Ohio, Maine, Connecticut, Nebraska, New Mexico, and North Dakota. TERRITORIES The Bureau o f Labor Statistics has made a number o f surveys in the Territories, either in dependently or in cooperation with Territorial governments. Generally, the Bureau’s staff has conducted income and expenditure studies which have provided the basis fo r weighting patterns for retail price indexes. Once the in dexes were set up, the Territorial governments have continued, in most cases, to collect price data and publish indexes periodically. Terri tories where such work has been undertaken include the follow ing: Alaska. Expenditure studies were made in Juneau and Fairbanks in the summer o f 1944. Consumers’ price indexes were published for Juneau, Fairbanks, and Anchorage for March 1943, July, September, and December 1944, and March, June, and September 1945. This work was all done by Bureau staff.48 The Territorial government has recently resumed the publica tion of food price indexes for several Alaskan cities. In July 1948 the Secretary of the Ter ritorial Department o f Labor was in Washing ton to discuss Bureau procedures fo r collection and calculation of retail food price indexes with a view to initiating these procedures in the Alas kan indexes. Hawaii. In the summer o f 1943 the Bureau made a survey o f income and expenditures o f Honolulu families.4 44 Since that time, retail 3 prices have been collected and an index pub lished quarterly fo r Honolulu by the Depart ment of Labor and Industrial Relations, Bureau of Research and Statistics, Territory of Hawaii. Puerto Rico. The Bureau provided technical guidance to an income and expenditure study made in Puerto Rico in 1940-41. The study was made as a Works Project Administration proj ect sponsored by the Insular Department o f Labor.45 The Puerto Rico Department o f Labor, 43 See report Income and Living Costs in Alaska, 1943-45. 44 See Wartime Earnings and Spending in Honolulu, 1943, Bulletin No. 788. 45 See Incomes and Expenditures o f Wage Earners in Puerto Rico, 1940-41, in Monthly Labor Review, February 1948, or reprint, Serial No. R. 1516. COOPERATION W ITH OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES Bureau of Labor Statistics, has collected prices and published indexes monthly up to the present time for San Juan, Adjuntas, Comerio, Salevas, Cabo Rojo, and Manati. Members o f the Puerto Rico Department o f Labor were trained by Bu reau personnel in techniques o f collecting price data. Virgin Islands. Early in 1943, at the request o f the Director o f Territories and Island Pos sessions in the Interior Department, the Bureau, in cooperation with the Wage Commissioner o f the Virgin Islands and the staffs o f the Depart ments o f Public Welfare, conducted a survey to determine changes in prices for important goods and services in the three urban centers in the Virgin Islands— Charlotte Amalie, Christiansted, and Frederiksted.46 Indexes o f consumers’ prices were published for September o f each year from 1939 through 1942 and for October 1943. 43 entirety by BLS and results o f the studies turned over to the contracting agency fo r their confidential use. This was in contrast to the work with the States, where the activity was usually a cooperative one, at least in some phases o f the study. Atom ic Energy Commission. Retail price in dexes have been computed fo r Oak Ridge semi annually since December 1946 and for Knoxville semiannually since December 1947. Intercity indexes have also been compiled at the same periods fo r Oak Ridge, Knoxville, Washington, Cincinnati, Memphis, Atlanta, and Birmingham. In October 1948, the Bureau started an income and expenditure study in Los Alamos, N. Mex., and has contracted to calculate a quarterly consumers’ price index for that city in January, April, July, and October o f each year, and intercity indexes for Los Alamos, Los Angeles, Denver, New York, and Chicago fo r the same periods. FEDERAL AGENCIES As the price collection agency of the Federal Government, the Bureau has undertaken special surveys for other Federal Government agencies at various times. Particularly during the war years, BLS collected a vast amount o f data for such wartime enforcement agencies as OPA and NHA.47 Most o f this work was done in its Department of State. Retail prices for selected items are collected quarterly in Washington, D. C., fo r the State Department. These prices are compared with prices o f similar items in foreign countries, and the comparisons provide the basis for adjustments in living allowances to United States employees o f the State Depart ment working in foreign countries. 46 See Bureau o f Labor Statistics release Index o f Consumers* Prices in the V irgin Islands, September 1939 to October 1943. 47 See Activities o f the Bureau o f Labor Statistics in World W ar II, Historical Reports o f W ar Administration, No. 1, 1947. CONSUMERS’ PRICE INDEXES FOR ADDITIONAL CITIES 44 Appendix Tables T able A.— Consumers’ Price Index1 for Moderate-Income Families in Large Cities (National Average), by Group of Commodities, 1929-48 [1935-39 = 100] Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation All items Food Apparel 1943: Jan. 15— F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15__ July 15__ A u g .1 5 .. Sept. 15— Oct. 15— Nov. 15 — Dec. 15__ 120.7 121.0 122.8 124.1 125.1 124.8 123.9 123.4 123.9 124.4 124.2 124.4 133.0 133.6 137.4 140.6 143.0 141.9 139.0 137.2 137.4 138.2 137.3 137.1 126.0 126.2 127.6 127.9 127.9 127.9 129.1 129.6 132.5 133.3 133.5 134.6 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.1 107.3 107.2 107.5 107.5 107.6 107.7 107.6 107.6 107.6 107.8 107.9 109.4 123.8 124.1 124.5 124.8 125.1 125.4 125.6 125.9 126.3 126.7 126.9 127.9 113.2 113.6 114.5 114.9 115.3 115.7 116.1 116.5 117.0 117.6 117.7 118.1 1944: Jan. 15— F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 1 5 May 15— June15__ July 15__ Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15_ Oct. 15— Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 124.2 123.8 123.8 124.6 125.1 125.4 126.1 126.4 126.5 126.5 126.6 127.0 136.1 134.5 134.1 134.6 135.5 135.7 137.4 137.7 137.0 136.4 136.5 137.4 134.7 135.2 136.7 137.1 137.4 138.0 138.3 139.4 141.4 141.9 142.1 142.8 108.1 108.1 108.1 108.1 108.1 108.1 108.2 108.2 108.2 (3) (3) 108.3 109.5 110.3 109.9 109.9 109.8 109.6 109.7 109.8 109.8 109.8 109.9 109.4 128.3 128.7 129.0 132.9 135.0 138.4 138.7 139.3 140.7 141.4 141.7 143.0 118.4 118.7 119.1 120.9 121.3 121.7 122.0 122.3 122.4 122.8 122.9 123.1 1945: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15._ Sept. 15— Oct. 15— Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 127.1 126.9 126.8 127.1 128.1 129.0 129.4 129.3 128.9 128.9 129.3 129.9 137.3 136.5 135.9 136.6 138.8 141.1 141.7 140.9 139.4 139.3 140.1 141.4 143.0 143.3 143.7 144.1 144.6 145.4 145.9 146.4 148.2 148.5 148.7 149.4 (3) (3) 108.3 (3) (3) 108.3 (3) (3) 108.3 (3) (3) 108.3 109.7 110.0 110.0 109.8 110.0 110.0 111.2 111.4 110.7 110.5 110.1 110.3 143.6 144.0 144.5 144.9 145.4 145.8 145.6 146.0 146.8 146.9 147.6 148.3 123.3 123.4 123.6 123.8 123.9 124.0 124.3 124.5 124.6 124.7 124.6 124.8 1946: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15— Oct. 15— Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 129.9 129.6 130.2 131.1 131.7 133.3 141.2 144.1 145.9 148.6 152.2 153.3 141.0 139.6 140.1 141.7 142.6 145.6 165.7 171.2 174.1 180.0 187.7 185.9 149.7 150.5 153.1 154.5 155.7 157.2 158.7 161.2 165.9 168.1 171.0 176.5 (3) (3) 108.4 (3) (3) 108.5 (3) 108.7 108.8 (3) (3) (3) 110.8 111.0 110.5 110.4 110.3 110.5 113.3 113.7 114.4 114.4 114.8 115.5 148.8 149.7 150.2 152.0 153.7 156.1 157.9 160.0 165 6 168.5 171.0 177.1 125.4 125.6 125.9 126.7 127.2 127.9 128.2 129.8 129.9 131.0 132.5 136.1 1947:Jan.15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 1 5 Apr. 1 5 May 15— June 15__ July 15__ Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15— Oct. 15— Nov. 1 5 .. Dec. 15__ 153.3 153.2 156.3 156.2 156.0 157.1 158.4 160.3 163.8 163.8 164.9 167.0 183.8 182.3 189.5 188.0 187.6 190.5 193.1 196.5 203.5 201.6 202.7 206.9 179.0 181.5 184.3 184.9 185.0 185.6 184.7 185.9 187.6 189.0 190.2 191.2 108.8 108.9 109.0 109.0 109.2 109.2 110.0 111.2 113.6 114.9 115.2 115.4 117.3 117.5 117.6 118.4 117.7 117.7 119.5 123.8 124.6 125.2 126.9 127.8 179.1 180.8 182.3 182.5 181.9 182.6 184.3 184.2 187.5 187.8 188.9 191.4 137.1 137.4 138.2 139.2 139.0 139.1 139.5 139.8 140.8 141.8 143.0 144.4 108.5 1948:Jan. 15— 109.4 F eb.15__ Mar. 15. _ 110.1 Apr. 1 5 110.6 May 15__ 110.9 June15__ 110.9 111.1 July 15__ 111.1 Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15__ 111.4 111.8 Oct. 15— 112.7 Nov. 1 5 112.8 Dee. 15— 168.8 167.5 166.9 169.3 170.5 171.7 173.7 174.5 174.5 173.6 172.2 171.4 209.7 204.7 202.3 207.9 210.9 214.1 216.8 216.6 215.2 211.5 207.5 205.0 192.1 195.1 196.3 196.4 197.5 196.9 197.1 199.7 201.0 201.6 201.4 200.4 115.9 116.0 116.3 116.3 116.7 117.0 117.3 117.7 118.5 118.7 118.8 119.5 129.5 130.0 130.3 130.7 131.8 132.6 134.8 136.8 137.3 137.8 137.9 137.8 192.3 193.0 194.9 194.7 193.6 194.8 195.9 196.3 198.1 198.8 198.7 198.6 146.4 146.4 146.2 147.8 147.5 147.5 150.8 152.4 152.7 153.7 153.9 154.0 Food Apparel Rent 1929: June_____ 122.1 D ec_____ 122.8 131.3 133.8 115.4 114.7 141.4 139.9 111.1 113.6 111.7 111.3 104.5 104.9 1930:June_____ 120.3 D ec_____ 115.3 128.1 116.5 113.8 109.4 138.0 135.1 109.9 112.4 109.9 105.4 105.2 104.9 1931: June_____ 108.2 D ec_____ 104.2 102.1 96.5 103.5 96.3 130.9 125.8 107.3 109.1 98.1 92.6 104.3 103.3 1932: June_____ D ec_____ 97.4 93.5 85.7 82.0 91.1 86.2 117.8 109.0 101.6 102.5 84.8 81.3 101.8 100.2 1933:June_____ D ec_____ 90.8 93.9 82.2 88.1 84.8 94.4 100.1 95.8 97.2 102.9 81.5 91.1 97.8 98.1 1934: June_____ N ov_____ 95.3 96.2 93.0 95.4 96.6 96.5 94.0 93.9 100.3 101.8 92.9 93.6 97.9 97.8 1935: Mar. 15. _ July 15__ Oct. 15.. _ 97.8 97.6 98.0 99.7 99.4 100.0 96.8 96.7 96.9 93.8 94.1 94.6 102.1 99.0 100.5 94.2 94.5 95.7 98.1 98.2 97.9 1936: Jan. 15__ Apr. 15__ July 15__ Sept. 15._ Dec. 15__ 98.8 97.8 99.4 100.4 99.8 101.5 98.4 102.6 104.8 101.6 97.3 97.4 97.2 97.5 99.0 95.1 95.5 96.5 97.1 98.1 100.8 100.8 99.1 99.9 100.5 95.8 95.7 95.9 96.6 97.9 98.2 98.4 98.7 99.0 99.1 1937: Mar. 15— Junel5__ Sept. 15__ Dec. 15__ 101.8 102.8 104.3 103.0 105.0 106.0 107.9 102.7 100.9 102.5 105.1 104.8 98.9 101.0 102.1 103.7 100.8 99.2 100.0 100.7 102.6 104.3 106.7 107.0 100.2 100.9 101.7 102.0 1938: Mar. 15 June 15__ Sept. 1 5 „ Dec. 15__ 100.9 100.9 100.7 100.2 97.5 98.2 98.1 97.2 102.9 102.2 101.4 100.9 103.9 104.2 104.2 104.3 101.2 98.6 99.3 100.0 104.7 103.1 101.9 101.7 101.6 101.8 101.6 101.0 1939: Mar. 15. _ 99.1 98.6 June15__ Aug. 15 2_ 98.6 Sept. 15._ 100.6 99.6 Dec. 15__ 94.6 93.6 93.5 98.4 94.9 100.4 100.3 100.3 100.3 101.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.4 104.4 100.1 97.5 97.5 98.6 99.9 100.9 100.6 100.6 101.1 102.7 100.5 100.4 100.4 101.1 100.9 1940: Mar. 15. _ June15__ Sept. 15_ Oct. 15__ N o v .15._ Dec. 15__ 99.8 100.5 100.4 100.2 100.1 100.7 95.0 98.3 97.2 96.2 95.9 97.3 102.0 101.7 101.6 101.6 101.6 101.6 104.5 104.6 104.7 104.7 104.7 104.9 100.6 98.6 99.3 99.9 100.3 100.7 100.5 100.1 100.3 100.4 100.6 100.4 100.8 100.6 101.4 101.6 101.7 101.8 1941: Jan. 1 2— Jan.15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15._ Sept. 15. _ Oct. 15— N o v .15— Dec. 15__ 100.8 100.8 100.8 101.2 102.2 102.9 104.6 105.3 106.2 108.1 109.3 110.2 110.5 97.6 97.8 97.9 98.4 100.6 102.1 105.9 106.7 108.0 110.7 111.6 113.1 113.1 101.2 100.7 100.4 102.1 102.4 102.8 103.3 104.8 106.9 110.8 112.6 113.8 114.8 105.0 105.0 105.1 105.1 105.4 105.7 105.8 106.1 106.3 106.8 107.5 107.8 108.2 100.8 100.8 100.6 100.7 101.0 101.1 101.4 102.3 103.2 103.7 104.0 104.0 104.1 100.2 100.1 100.4 101.6 102.4 103.2 105.3 107.4 108.9 112.0 114.4 115.6 116.8 101.8 101.9 101.9 101.9 102.2 102.5 103.3 103.7 104.0 105.0 106.9 107.4 107.7 1942: Jan. 15___ F eb .15__ Mar. 1 5 Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15__ July 15__ A u g .1 5 .. Sept. 15__ Oct. 15___ Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 112.0 112.9 114.3 115.1 116.0 116.4 117.0 117.5 117.8 119.0 119.8 120.4 116.2 116.8 118.6 119.6 121.6 123.2 124.6 126.1 126.6 129.6 131.1 132.7 116.1 119.0 123.6 126.5 126.2 125.3 125.3 125.2 125.8 125.9 125.9 125.9 108.4 108.6 108.9 109.2 109.9 108.5 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 104.3 104.4 104.5 104.3 104.9 105.0 106.3 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.3 118.2 119.7 121.2 121.9 122.2 122.3 122.8 123.0 123.6 123.6 123.7 123.7 1 For description see p. 23. Fuel, electric House- Mis Rent ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation Period All items Period 2 Estimated. * Not surveyed this month. APPENDIX TABLES 45 T able B .— C onsum ers’ P rice Index fo r M oderate-Incom e F am ilies in 34 L arge C ities, b y G roup o f C om m odities, 1935-48 [1935-39 = 100] Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella neous refriger ings ation Period1 All items Food 1935____ _____ 1936.................. 1937__________ 1938.............. . 1939................ . 1940................. 1941.................. 1942................ . 1943.................. 1944................. 1945.................. 1946.................. 1947.................. 1948.................. 98.6 99.8 102.9 99.9 98.8 99.1 104.6 115.8 123.8 125.9 130.2 139.9 162.0 171.4 102.2 102.2 105.7 95.6 94.3 94.2 103.8 122.8 138.8 136.7 140.0 159.0 198.7 208.4 96.2 97.8 103.5 102.6 99.9 102.3 109.1 124.5 128.6 135.0 141.9 156.8 182.9 201.7 93.9 96.6 101.2 104.2 104.0 104.3 105.0 106.4 106.5 106.7 106.8 107.5 111.1 118.4 100.5 101.5 99.8 99.3 99.0 99.9 103.9 110.0 112.7 114.6 114.7 116.3 132.5 145.1 98.2 99.3 104.1 99.6 98.8 98.2 106.2 119.2 120.7 129.8 143.5 159.7 185.8 195.6 97.9 99.4 101.1 101.4 100.3 100.3 103.5 111.2 118.1 125.6 132.3 138.1 145.9 152.6 1942: Mar. 1 5 .. June 15__ Sept. 15— Dec. 15__ 113.9 115.5 117.3 119.2 118.4 121.8 125.9 130.2 124.0 124.9 125.7 125.5 106.3 106.5 106.5 106.5 111.4 110.4 110.6 111.2 119.2 119.4 119.5 119.5 109.5 111.0 112.3 113.8 1943: Mar. 1 5 June15__ Sept. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 123.0 125.2 124.6 124.3 137.7 143.9 139.9 137.3 127.4 128.5 129.6 130.8 106.5 106.4 106.5 106.6 112.7 112.5 112.9 113.8 119.9 120.3 120.7 123.0 117.3 117.1 119.5 120.6 1944: Mar. 15. _ June15__ Sept. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 123.6 125.6 127.1 128.7 133.0 135.2 137.8 138.8 131.9 134.1 137.2 139.7 106.6 106.7 106.7 (2) 114.0 114.5 114.6 114.1 125.3 131.3 132.6 133.7 122.9 125.9 126.5 130.4 1945: Mar. 1 5 .. June15__ Sept. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 128.7 130.1 131.5 131.4 136.9 140.6 141.5 141.6 140.7 141.5 142.6 144.1 106.7 (2) 106.8 (2) 115.9 115.3 115.4 112.5 140.5 145.3 146.1 146.1 131.3 130.8 134.3 134.1 1946: Mar. 15. _ June 15__ Sept. 15._ Dec. 15__ 131.6 133.8 146.5 155.8 137.7 141.0 173.4 188.7 148.8 152.7 162.6 172.5 107.3 (2) 107.7 (2) 113.0 113.9 116.3 129.3 153.3 155.6 165.4 173.8 136.4 138.2 137.1 143.8 1947: Mar. 15— June 1 5 ... A u g .1 5 .. Nov. 1 5 - 160.9 159.1 162.2 167.5 199.6 193.0 198.9 206.9 179.0 (2) 180.4 3108.2 184.1 (2) 190.5 116.1 128.5 128.5 136.9 140.0 185.5 185.4 186.2 189.6 145.2 145.5 146.1 147.1 1948: Feb. 15__ May 15__ Aug. 15. . Nov. 15 __ 169.2 170.8 176.2 173.7 205.6 207.9 215.7 205.9 198.5 200.4 206.7 206.9 140.4 144.3 148.2 148.2 1935____ _____ 1936.................. 1937.................. 1938.......... ....... 1939.................. 1940................. 1941................. 1942.................. 1943................. 1944........ ......... 1945............. . 1946.................. 1947.................. 1948.................. 98.6 99.7 101.9 100.2 99.6 99.9 106.1 118.4 125.7 127.5 131.5 141.5 163.1 174.8 99.8 100.9 104.3 98.2 96.7 96.6 107.0 127.8 145.3 141.8 147.4 166.1 203.7 221.2 98.0 98.3 101.7 101.3 100.7 101.5 106.0 124.4 129.8 143.3 151.1 163.6 185.6 198.4 95.8 97.6 100.6 102.8 103.2 104.2 108.8 110.2 106.7 106.4 106.5 106.8 110.1 114.8 1942: Jan. 1 5 ... Feb. 15— Mar. 15__ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 15— Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ Nov. 15_ Dec. 15__ 113.9 114.9 116.7 117.3 118.2 119.2 118.5 119.1 119.8 120.4 120.9 121.8 119.0 120.5 123.0 123.6 125.8 127.1 128.3 129.6 131.2 133.8 134.9 137.3 116.9 118.4 124.7 126.7 126.2 125.9 125.9 125.1 125.7 125.7 125.8 125.8 113.2 113.6 113.6 113.7 113.7 113.7 106.9 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.7 Apparel Rent Period * Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation 1943: Jan. 15— F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15 — Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 122.6 122.3 124.8 126.7 128.2 128.1 126.0 125.6 126.0 126.9 125.2 125.9 139.1 137.9 144.0 148.6 152.6 152.5 146.3 145.2 145.3 147.0 142.4 142.5 125.8 126.6 127.5 127.8 127.4 127.4 129.7 129.7 132.4 132.8 133.1 137.0 106.7 106.7 106.8 106.8 106.8 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.6 106.6 106.5 106.6 106.3 106.6 106.8 106.8 106.8 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.8 106.8 106.8 108.9 127.6 128.5 128.9 128.9 128.9 129.0 129.4 129.7 130.4 130.7 130.8 132.6 113.1 113.2 113.7 114.4 114.4 114.3 114.3 114.3 114.6 115.7 115.7 115.8 1944: Jan.15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15. _ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15— A u g .1 5 .. Sept. 15— Oct. 1 5 ... Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 126.7 125.5 125.9 126.7 126.9 127.5 128.3 128.6 127.7 128.3 129.2 129.2 142.5 140.2 139.3 140.3 140.5 141.2 143.1 143.5 140.7 142.0 144.3 143.9 137.3 138.5 141.0 141.8 142.8 143.6 144.0 145.3 145.9 146.2 146.3 146.5 106.6 106.6 106.5 106.4 106.4 106.4 106.4 106.4 106.4 (2) (2) (2) 109.2 110.7 109.4 109.4 109.4 108.9 108.9 108.9 109.0 108.9 109.0 108.9 133.1 133.5 134.1 138.4 139.7 144.7 145.7 146.3 146.7 147.4 147.8 148.4 115.9 116.3 118.8 119.9 120.2 120.5 120.7 120.7 120.8 121.0 121.3 121.5 1945: Jan. 1 5 ... F eb.15__ Mar. 15__ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15_. _ A u g .1 5 .. Sept. 15— Oct. 1 5 ... Nov. 15__ Dec. 15__ 129.8 130.0 129.8 130.0 131.0 132.9 133.0 132.6 132.3 132.1 131.9 132.5 145.2 145.2 144.1 144.9 146.9 151.4 150.4 149.1 148.1 147.5 147.5 148.1 147.2 147.4 147.7 147.2 148.2 149.8 151.7 152.5 155.1 156.0 153.9 156.5 (2) (2) 106.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 106.6 (2) (2) (2) 108.7 109.1 109.3 108.7 108.7 108.8 111.8 111.7 111.3 111.2 111.2 111.5 148.4 148.5 149.4 150.1 150.7 152.3 151.9 152.3 145.7 147.3 147.7 148.7 121.8 122.7 123.3 123.4 123.4 123.5 123.6 123.6 123.5 123.0 123.2 123.2 193.6 191.4 200.6 201.8 150.4 151.6 155.1 156.7 1946: Jan. 1 5 ... F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15. _ Oct. 15— Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 132.2 131.5 132.1 133.4 133.7 135.6 143.2 146.7 148.1 150.9 154.9 155.7 147.7 145.6 147.1 149.4 149.3 152.4 170.5 178.0 180.1 186.1 195.1 192.3 155.5 156.1 155.4 158.4 160.8 161.5 163.1 165.1 166.1 169.5 172.1 179.0 (2) (2) 106.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) 106.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) 112.0 112.1 112.1 112.1 112.1 112.2 116.3 116.6 117.6 117.9 118.0 118.1 148.6 148.3 150.2 151.4 157.0 161.0 160.9 165.4 171.8 172.8 177.3 182.1 123.2 123.4 123.2 123.5 123.4 125.8 127.0 128.6 128.9 129.8 131.1 135.2 102.6 101.8 98.6 99.0 98.0 98.7 101.9 104.1 106.9 109.2 110.2 114.7 127.7 143.1 94.2 97.4 102.9 104.2 101.4 101.8 110.1 127.0 129.6 142.2 149.4 162.2 188.6 200.5 1947: Jan. 15__ 98.9 F eb.15__ 100.0 Mar. 15. _ 100.2 Apr. 15—_ 100.3 May 15__ 100.7 June15__ 100.9 Sept. 15_ 103.4 Dec. 15__ 110.7 114.5 1948: Mar. 1 5 .. 119.8 Junel5__ 123.2 Sept. 1 5 126.9 Dec. 15__ 139.0 146.9 156.2 155.9 159.6 159.7 159.4 160.5 167.8 171.3 191.4 189.7 199.3 197.7 198.5 202.2 212.8 217.8 182.8 184.0 185.7 185.2 182.6 180.5 187.0 192.3 107.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 111.5 112.6 119.9 119.9 120.0 127.2 124.7 125.0 132.8 135.0 181.5 184.1 182.9 184.0 182.5 186.3 193.8 197.2 136.1 136.4 136.7 137.7 137.2 136.4 141.2 143.5 170.9 176.1 179.2 174.0 212.3 225.3 228.7 214.6 198.1 198.5 200.8 198.3 113.9 114.5 115.6 116.5 138.7 142.3 148.0 148.3 198.1 200.1 203.5 201.9 145.5 145.5 149.0 149.4 103.5 103.5 103.5 102.7 103.8 103.8 104.8 104.6 104.6 104.7 104.7 104.7 124.4 125.1 126.5 127.4 127.7 127.7 127.7 127.6 127.6 127.6 127.6 127.6 107.1 107.8 108.8 109.7 110.2 110.7 111.2 112.3 112.3 112.3 112.9 112.9 97.3 98.5 103.7 101.2 99.2 99.8 106.6 118.2 125.5 129.2 132.2 142.5 164.8 175.2 102.2 102.6 107.7 95.6 91.9 93.1 103.3 122.4 139.3 139.9 143.4 164.4 203.5 211.7 102.8 101.1 101.3 99.7 95.2 92.2 96.3 99.7 101.8 104.5 106.6 111.5 125.0 133.7 95.9 97.2 104.1 101.8 101.0 98.8 106.1 118.9 121.4 133.7 140.0 150.0 173.7 189.7 98.9 98.9 100.5 101.0 100.7 100.7 104.2 111.5 115.8 123.3 126.6 128.8 137.9 145.7 BALTIMORE, M D . Seelfootnotes on p. 61. Food BALTIMORE. M D .—Continued ATLANTA,, GA. 116.7 117.5 120.0 121.4 All items 1935.................. 1936.................. 1937.................. 1938.................. 1939.............. — 1940.................. 1941.................. 1942.................. 1943.................. 1944.................. 1945.................. 1946.................. 1947.................. 1948.................. BIRMINGHAM. ALA. 95.4 96.7 103.6 103.3 100.9 102.4 109.0 125.7 130.3 138.2 142.9 155.5 184.4 205.1 83.3 89.8 102.7 112.6 111.5 113.9 121.3 124.6 121.8 122.5 122.5 122.8 129.4 137.2 46 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES T able B.— Consumers’ Price Index for Moderate-Income Families in 34 Large Cities, by Group o f Commodities, 1935-48— Continued [1935-39 = 100] Period1 All items Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and fumish- cella refriger ings neous ation BIRMINGHAM, ALA.— Continued 115.1 116.4 117.3 118.2 118.7 117.1 117.2 118.8 118.8 H 9,9 119!9 120.8 115.2 117.0 117.8 118.9 120.5 120.9 121.2 126.1 125.3 128.1 127.7 130.2 120.1 121.8 125.8 128.1 127.1 126.5 126.6 125.5 126.8 126.8 12618 126.8 129.5 130.4 130.4 131.0 131.0 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120 4 120! 4 120.4 100.1 100.1 100.1 98.5 99.0 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.5 100 2 100.2 100.2 117.5 117.9 118.9 119.3 119.5 119.1 119.2 119.2 119.1 119 1 119.1 119.1 1943: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15 __ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15._ Sept. 15_ Oct. 15— Nov. 15__ Dec. 15__ 121.3 121.4 122.8 125.5 125.8 126.4 126.2 126.6 127.6 127.3 127.4 127.6 131.4 131.7 134.8 141.0 140.7 141.9 140.9 141.3 142.9 141.8 141.7 141.2 126.8 126.6 128.0 128.3 129.2 129.3 129.7 130.3 132.5 133.4 133.8 135.4 120.8 120.9 121.2 121.6 121.8 121.8 122.0 121.9 122.3 122.3 122.4 122.4 100.2 100.2 100.4 101.1 101.7 102.4 102.4 102.4 102.4 102.4 102.5 104.0 119.4 119.9 120.0 120.8 121.3 121.8 121.8 121.8 121.8 122.1 122.4 124.3 1944: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15 __ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15-_ Sept. 15_ Oct. 15__ N o v .15— D ec. 15__ 127.8 127.1 126.9 127.6 128.7 129.5 130.1 131.7 130.0 129.8 130.5 131.0 140.6 137.8 136.2 136.1 138.5 139.8 141.4 145.4 140.3 139.5 141.3 142.3 135.5 135.7 136.5 136.8 137.3 138.4 138.5 139.6 139.9 139.9 139.9 140.3 122.4 122.4 122.4 122.5 122.5 122.5 122.5 122.5 122.5 (2) 104.3 104.6 104.6 104.6 104.6 105.8 104.0 104.2 104.2 104.5 104.5 104.5 124.3 124.3 124.3 133.6 134.7 134.9 134.9 136.3 138.9 138.9 138.9 140.6 1945: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 1 5 .. Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15__ July 15__ Aug. 15. . Sept. 15_ Oct. 15__ N o v .15— Dec. 15__ 131.3 130.5 130.3 131.0 131.4 132.2 133.5 133.9 133.0 133.1 133.0 133.5 142.8 140.6 139.8 141.1 141.4 143.7 146.9 147.5 144.1 144.2 143.8 145.2 140.9 141.1 141.6 141.6 141.7 141.8 142.0 142.6 145.0 145.3 145.4 145.9 104.7 104.8 104.8 104.8 107.5 107.5 107.5 107.5 107.5 107.6 107.6 107.6 140.8 139.9 139.9 139.5 139 4 139.4 139 4 139.8 140.3 140.2 140.4 140.8 1946:Jan.15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15. . Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15__ July 15— A u g .1 5 -. Sept. 15— Oct. 15— Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 133.3 132.9 133.2 133.6 134.5 136.5 143.3 148.6 147.1 150.4 157.9 158.5 144.6 142.9 142.8 142.3 144.0 147.7 166.6 180.8 176.6 183.0 203.5 198.4 145.4 147.2 147.5 150.8 152.1 154.2 154.8 155.9 161.1 163.0 163.5 170.1 108.3 108.3 108.3 108.3 108.3 112.9 113.0 113.0 114.1 114.3 114.6 114.6 140.5 139.1 141.5 143.7 148.0 150.6 152.8 152.4 150.5 156.3 158.5 166.4 1947: Jan.15__ Feb. 1 5 Mar. 15_ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15. . Oct. 15— Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 158.7 158.1 162.0 161.7 160.7 162.1 164.1 166.6 169.1 169.7 171.6 173.8 196.0 193.5 202.9 198.8 195.8 197.3 201.8 204.8 210.9 210.7 212.7 217.0 173.5 175.2 179.5 180.3 180.4 184.4 183.6 187.8 188.0 190.7 192.8 197.0 120.5 120.5 120.5 120.5 120.5 120.5 128.8 128.8 128.8 129.8 129.8 130.9 169.9 169.5 172.3 171.4 169.1 171.7 173.1 173.5 176.7 177.2 1948: Jan. 15__ Feb. 1 5 Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ 174.4 172.8 172.0 172.7 173.7 174.7 218.0 211.1 207.2 196.7 200.1 203.1 204.4 204.5 205.3 2 0 7 .5 209.6 212.7 ( 2) <2) 122.3 (2) ( 2) 122.6 (2) (2) (2) ( 2) ( 2) 122.5 ( 2) (* ) « ( 2> ( 2> 122.5 ( 2) 122.6 ( 2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) ( 2) 124.8 (2) (2) (2) 131.6 (2) (2) 135.6 (2) (2) 136.0 (2) (2) 137.5 ( 2) 131.9 132.0 131.8 131.8 131.8 131.8 All items Food Apparel Fuel, electric House- Mis Rent ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation BIRMINGHAM, ALA.— Continued 1942: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15. _ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15— Sept. 15-Oct 15 Nov. 1512 Dec. 15__ ( 2) ( 2) Period1 1 7 8 .2 182.2 181.3 182.2 184.1 191.8 191.1 190.9 108.9 1948: July 15__ 177.0 110.0 A u g .15._ 179.3 110.5 Sept. 15— 178.6 111.5 Oct. 15__ 176.9 111.6 Nov. 1 5 - 175.0 111.7 Dec. 15__ 174.8 111.6 111.6 112.0 112 4 99.7 113.1 1935.................. 99.9 113.0 1936.................. 1937................ . 102.5 99.7 113.0 1938.................. 98.2 113.0 1939.................. 99.3 113.4 1940.................. 1941.................. 103.5 114.8 115.5 1942— ............ 114.5 115.9 1943................. 120.7 116.3 1944-................ 122.0 117.2 1945-................ 124.4 117.6 1946.................. 134.6 117.6 1947.................. 153.0 117.6 1948.................. 165.4 117.7 1942:Jan.15__ 109.5 F eb .15__ 111.0 119.2 Mar, 15— 111.6 120.3 Apr. 15__ 112.0 121.4 May 15__ 113.4 122.8 June15__ 113.9 123.5 July 15__ 115.8 124.2 115.3 Aug. 1 5 124.4 Sept. 15— 116.2 124.4 Oct. 15— 117.9 124.4 Nov. 1 5 - 118.8 124.7 Dec. 15— 118.9 124.8 125.1 1943: Jan. 14— 118.9 F eb.15__ 118.9 125.1 Mar. 15— 120.6 125.1 Apr. 15__ 121.8 125.2 May 15__ 122.3 126.6 June15__ 121.8 126.7 July 15__ 120.3 126.7 Aug. 1 5 - 120.0 127.1 Sept. 15— 120.4 127.3 Oct. 15__ 121.6 127.4 Nov. 1 5 - 121.0 127.4 Dec. 15__ 121.1 127.4 127.4 1944: Jan. 15— 121.1 F eb.15__ 120.4 127.4 Mar. 15— 120.5 127.4 Apr. 15__ 121.2 128.6 May 15__ 121.3 128.9 June15___ 121.8 128.6 July 15__ 122.4 128.9 Aug. 1 5 122.8 128.5 Sept. 15_ 123.3 128.9 Oct. 15__ 122.7 126.1 Nov. 15 — 123.0 128.6 Dec. 15__ 123.5 130.2 134.1 1945: Jan. 15— 123.6 F eb.15__ 123.3 134.2 Mar. 15— 122.9 134.3 Apr. 15__ 123.0 134.6 May 15__ 123.9 137.4 June 15__ 125.5 137.8 July 15__ 125.8 138.7 Aug. 1 5 - 125.7 138.5 Sept. 15— 124.6 138.2 Oct .15— 124.5 139.1 Nov. 1 5 - 124.6 139.9 Dec. 15— 124.9 141.1 141.1 1946: Jan.15__ 125.5 F eb .15__ 125.0 142.1 Mar. 15 — 125.7 142.9 Apr. 1 5 - 126.6 143.2 May 15__ 126.7 143.0 June15__ 127.9 143.3 142.9 See footnotes on p. 61. 218.0 219.3 216.3 210.8 205.4 204.8 205.4 207.0 209.0 209.3 208.8 207.4 RO STO N (2) 138.7 (2) (2) 139.4 (2) 1UA.Q.Q * ■ 135.6 135.6 135.6 135.6 135.6 135.6 191.7 192.3 192.1 193.7 192.6 193.0 143.8 149.3 149.3 149.3 149.2 150.0 • 101.0 101.2 104.7 97.8 95.3 96.2 103.2 121.3 133.1 130.9 133.6 153.1 184.0 200.9 97.8 98.7 102.3 101.6 99.6 100.9 105.2 121.1 125.7 136.5 143.1 156.4 176.3 189.2 99.9 99.7 99.9 100.3 100.2 100.5 101.5 104.9 104.9 104.9 105.1 105.3 108.3 113.3 97.9 98.2 102.0 101.6 100.2 105.0 108.2 114.2 118.4 120.1 119.4 121.0 131.2 150.7 96.4 96.4 104.2 103.0 100.0 98.2 105.0 118.0 120.5 131.0 143.4 152.4 174.4 186.3 99? 99.4 101.1 100.4 99.5 100.3 102.8 108.8 112.7 112.6 115.1 115.3 115.3 118.3 119.9 122.6 122.5 124.4 128.5 130.4 130.7 113.7 116.5 120.2 123.0 123.6 121.7 121.8 121.7 122.5 122.6 122.7 122.8 104.2 104.6 104.6 104.9 105.0 105.0 104.9 104.9 105.1 105.1 105.1 105.0 110.4 110.4 110.4 111.9 112.7 112.6 120.7 116.6 116.3 116.3 116.3 116.4 115.6 117.0 118.7 118.8 118.6 118.3 118.1 118.2 118.3 118.3 118.3 118.2 105.2 106.8 107.6 107.9 108.4 108.7 109.5 109.2 109.4 110.0 111.1 111.1 130.5 130.4 134.1 137 1 138.1 136.8 132.5 131.1 131.0 133.1 131.4 130.9 121.7 121.4 123.3 123.5 123.6 123.3 124.5 125.1 128.8 130.2 130.8 132.2 105.0 105.0 104.9 104.9 104.9 104.9 104.9 104.9 104.9 104.9 104.9 104.9 118.1 118.2 118.2 118.3 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 119.7 118.3 119.5 119.7 119.8 119.5 119.8 120.2 120.6 121.5 121.7 121.7 123.9 111.1 111.2 111.3 111.4 111.8 112.2 112.4 113.4 113.5 114.5 114.5 114.7 130.9 128.7 128.6 129 5 129.6 130.4 131.9 132.2 132.9 131.1 131.8 132.7 132.4 132.7 134.5 135.4 135.6 135.9 136.1 137.5 139.2 139.4 139.6 139.9 104.9 104.9 104.9 104.9 104.9 104.9 119.7 121.0 120.2 120.2 120.2 120.0 120.0 120.0 120.0 120 0 120.2 120.2 123.5 123.4 123.3 125.1 126.5 132.8 133.0 134.0 134.3 138.4 139.4 139.5 114.6 114.7 114.8 116.0 116.2 116.4 116.4 116.9 117.2 117.2 117.3 117.3 132.8 132.1 130.6 130.8 133.0 136.8 136.6 135.7 133.4 133.3 133.8 134.5 140.0 140.2 140.7 140.8 141.7 142.7 143.3 143.6 146.4 146.7 146.0 145.1 (2) (*) (2 (2) (2) 105.1 120.2 120.7 120.7 120.2 120.1 120.1 121.8 122.2 116.8 116.8 116.8 117.0 139 5 139.3 143.0 143.8 144.4 144.9 145.3 145.6 146.6 141.2 142.6 144.8 117.5 117.6 117.7 117.7 117.6 117.5 118.4 119.1 119.2 119.1 119.1 119.2 135.1 133.3 134.1 135.9 135.1 138.0 145.6 147.0 150.5 150.7 153.8 153.9 118.0 118.9 118.1 118.2 118.2 118.2 143.9 143.3 145.2 147.1 148.5 149.4 120.5 120.6 120.4 121.2 121.5 122.0 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 2) (2) 105.0 ( 2) ( 2) 105.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 105.2 (2) (2) ( 2) JJ6 .2 118.3 123.4 136.5 143.2 APPENDIX TABLES 47 T able B.— C onsum ers’ P rice In dex fo r M oderate-Incom e F am ilies in 34 L arge C ities, b y G roup o f C om m odities, 1935-48 — C ontinued [1935-39 = 100] Period1 All items Food Apparel Bent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity,and furnish- cella neous refriger ings ation BOSTON , MASS.—Continued All items Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation BUFFALO , N. Y.—Continued 1946: July 15__ Aug. 15— Sept. 15_ Oct. 15__ Nov. 1 5 .. Dec. 15__ 137.6 140.0 141.6 144.6 146.1 148.2 161.9 165.2 168.0 174.4 177.8 178.1 155.1 158.0 161.8 165.1 165.7 169.4 (2) 105.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) 121.2 124.0 124.2 123.7 124.1 125.4 149.9 151.6 155.4 162.2 162.6 169.2 1947:J an.15__ F e b .15__ Mar. 1 5 .. Apr. 1 5 ... M ay 15__ June15__ July 1 5 ... Aug. 1 5 .. Sept. 15__ Oct. 15__ N o v .15._ Dec. 15__ 148.7 147.4 150.3 149.4 177.6 172.7 180.0 176.3 1 4 8 .6 1 7 5 .6 150.3 151.9 154.5 158.6 157.5 158.3 160.4 179.6 183.5 187.9 195.3 191.8 192.4 195.7 170.8 174.5 172.7 172.5 171.8 173.5 174.6 178.8 180.4 180.7 182.1 183.3 (*) (2) 105.6 (2) (2) (2) (2> i& . (2) (2) 111.4 126.8 126.9 127.0 130.0 127.5 127.5 129.0 133.5 133.6 134.3 138.0 140.7 169.0 171.0 173.7 175.1 174.7 175.2 173.1 173.3 177.2 175.7 176.6 178.6 1948: Jan.15__ F e b .15__ Mar. 1 5 .. Apr. 15__ M ay 15__ June 15__ July 15__ A u g .1 5 .. Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__. 163.1 161.3 160.8 163 6 164.1 166.1 168.6 168.7 169.0 167.8 166.7 164.7 200.3 195.0 192.2 198.2 199.2 204.1 210.2 208.8 207.2 202.6 199.2 194.2 183.5 185.0 186.9 188.1 189.2 188.5 188.5 190.7 192.3 193.1 192.8 192.1 (2) (2) 112.1 (2) (2) 112.6 (2) (2) (2) 114.6 (2) 115.2 145.6 147.3 147.9 148.8 148.1 148.7 149.4 152.3 153.0 156.0 156.1 154.8 181.4 181.3 181.9 182.6 182.8 184.8 186.4 186.9 189.4 192.2 193.1 193.0 1935 ...... 1936 ...... 1937 ...... 1938 ...... 1939 ...... 1940 ...... 1941 ...... 1942 ...... 1943 ...... 1944 ...... 1945 ...... 1946 ...... 1947 ______ 1948.................. 97.5 99.0 103.1 100.8 99.5 101.0 107.5 120.0 126.3 126.1 128.5 138.3 158.6 170.3 100.7 101.4 104.7 97.4 95.9 98.2 108.5 126.5 140.3 134.1 136.8 152.7 187.0 204.9 97.3 98.3 102.8 101.0 100.5 101.0 106.1 126.0 129.4 136.6 144.7 160.4 188.8 197.5 91.6 95.1 101.8 105.6 105.8 106.2 110.5 115.1 114.6 114.7 114.9 115.2 116.3 121.0 102.6 102.2 100.3 97.8 97.0 98.9 101.1 103.5 105.0 107.1 106.9 112.5 122.0 134.6 95.1 94.6 106.0 103.6 100.7 100.0 109.2 125.0 126.4 137.1 143.2 160.5 192.7 201.6 1942: Jan. 15__ F e b .15__ Mar. 15. . Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15__ July 15__ A u g .1 5 .. Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ N o v .1 5 .. Dec.15__ 115.0 116.2 117.8 119.0 120.5 120.9 120.9 120.5 120.5 122.0 123.0 123.6 118.4 119.6 121.5 122.4 125.2 127.3 127.8 127.6 127.6 131.8 133.7 135.5 117.4 120.2 126.1 128.7 129.3 127.2 127.2 127.2 127.2 127.2 127.1 126.9 114.7 114.7 114,9 116.3 117.9 115.5 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 103.3 103.3 103.5 103.1 103.5 103.6 103.6 103.6 103.6 103.6 103.6 103.6 121.0 123.8 125.7 126.0 126.1 125.9 126.1 125.3 125.1 125.1 125.1 125.0 BUFFALO, N. Y. 1943: Jan.15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15_. Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15__ July 15— A u g .1 5 .. Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ N o v .1 5 .. Dec. 15__ 124.7 125.0 126.4 127.4 128.8 127.8 126.2 125.4 125.5 126.1 125.9 126.1 137.3 138.1 141.2 144.0 147.8 145.2 140.5 137.9 137.3 138.5 137.8 137.6 126.6 126.4 127.8 128.0 127.5 127.6 128.4 129.3 132.1 132.5 132.6 133.4 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 105.0 105.0 105.0 105.0 105.0 104.8 104.8 104.8 104.8 104.8 104.8 106.5 125.2 125.2 126.5 126.5 126.5 126.6 126.6 126.6 126.8 126.8 126.9 127.1 1944: Jan. 15__ F eb .15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15— A u g .1 5 .. 125.2 125.0 124.8 124.9 126.0 126.3 126.6 126.3 135.0 134.0 133.3 132.5 134.2 134.6 135.0 134.0 133.1 133.3 134.5 135.0 135.2 135.5 136.0 136.7 114.6 114.6 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.6 (2) (2) 106.5 108.4 107.3 107.3 107.3 106.9 106.9 106.9 127.3 127.4 127.5 128.5 138.1 141.7 141.8 141.9 Period1 122.? 1944: Sept. 15— 127.1 124.9 Oct. 15__ 127.1 Nov. 1 5 - 126.7 124 6 125.0 Dec. 15__ 127.1 125.8 132.4 1945: Jan. 15__ 127.4 F eb.15__ 127.6 Mar. 15. _ 127.2 134.8 135.5 Apr. 15__ 127.1 136.2 May 15__ 127.8 137.0 June15__ 129.4 July 15— 129.3 136.4 Aug. 1 5 - 129.4 136.3 Sept. 15— 128.5 135.8 Oct. 15__ 128.6 136.1 Nov. 1 5 - 129.4 136.2 Dec. 15__ 129.8 136.8 137.7 138.8 1946: Jan. 15__ 129.8 F eb.15__ 129.8 Mar. 15__ 130.2 140.4 Apr. 15__ 131.2 140.0 May 15__ 132.0 140.6 June15__ 132.6 142.6 July 15__ 139.6 143.0 A u g .1 5 .. 142.2 142.6 Sept. 1 5 .. 144.9 142.9 Oct. 15__ 146.5 143.8 N o v .1 5 .. 149.6 144.7 Dec. 15__ 151.7 145 146.3 146.1 1947: Jan. 15__ 152.7 F eb .15__ 152.4 Mar. 15. _ 155.3 Apr 15___ 155.3 May 15__ 156 .2 96.7 June15__ 157.7 98.9 July 15__ 159.1 102.5 Oct. 15__ 162.6 101.9 100.0 1948: Jan. 15__ 167.4 101.6 Apr. 15__ 167.2 106.3 July 15— 173.1 116.8 Oct. 15__ 172.7 121.7 124.9 126.0 131.8 145.1 loss 97.2 98.5 153.9 } 9 3 6 : : . . . : : . : : }937.................. 103.0 112.3 }938.................. 101.5 113.8 }939.................. 99.8 114.6 }940.................. 100.6 116.2 }941.................. 105.7 117.1 }942.................. 116.3 118.8 1943.................. 122.8 118.8 1944.................. 124.7 117.5 1945.................. 127.3 117.4 1946.................. 138.4 117.4 1947.................. 160.8 118.8 1948.................. 174.9 118.8 1942: Jan. 15__ 112.0 120.7 Feb. 1 5 - 112.4 121.1 Mar. 15— 113.7 121.3 Apr. 15__ 115.3 121.4 May 15__ 116.5 121.8 June15__ 116.3 July 15__ 116 4 121.6 121.6 A u g .1 5 .. 117.4 121.6 Sept. 15_ 117.3 121.7 Oct. 15__ 118.9 122.4 Nov. 15— 119.5 122.5 Dec. 15__ 119.5 122.7 1943: Jan.15__ 119.8 122.7 F eb .15__ 120.6 122.7 Mar. 15. . 122.3 Apr. 15__ 123.5 122.8 May 15__ 124.5 124.5 124.9 June15__ 124.1 125.1 July 15__ 122.5 125.4 125.7 See footnotes on p. 61 106.9 106.9 106.9 106.9 142.2 142.5 142.8 143.0 126.2 126.2 126.2 126.2 106.9 107.1 107.2 106.9 104.6 104.8 106.8 107.4 107.4 107.4 108.1 108.4 142.9 138.3 138.8 138.7 138.8 141.5 145.5 145.4 146.1 147.4 147.3 147.8 125.7 125.7 125.7 125.7 125.7 125.7 125.7 126.2 126.8 126.4 126.4 126.4 108.9 108.9 108.9 108.9 108.9 108.9 114.9 114.9 116.2 115.8 117.3 117.7 148.0 149.3 150.5 151.0 150.8 153.3 154.9 157.1 174.2 175.6 178.1 183.1 127.4 127.7 128.4 128.4 130.9 130.9 130.7 132.6 134.1 134.8 135.8 140.0 8 (2) (2) 115.4 (2) (2) 117.2 119.5 119.5 119.5 119.5 117.8 118.1 120.0 126.4 185.0 187.3 189.8 188.0 188.9 190.1 195.3 197.4 142.2 142.4 143.4 144.4 144.0 144.0 144.5 146.6 119.1 119.7 121.3 122.1 127.1 128.4 139.1 140.2 200.3 200.9 202.3 204.9 151.7 151.4 152.8 157.3 93.7 95.9 104.2 103.4 102.7 102.0 107.5 119.3 120.8 135.2 138.7 149.7 176.2 181.9 97.5 98.5 101.8 102.2 99.9 100.3 103.0 110.1 114.4 119.2 122.1 125.7 138.3 149.7 134.8 134.7 133.4 134.1 139.4 139.8 140.2 140.9 135.5 136.3 135.2 134.7 137.1 140.2 138.9 138.4 135.3 135.6 136.7 137.6 140.3 140.8 141.0 141.8 142.2 144.8 145.1 146.1 147.0 147.3 149.9 149.8 136.9 136.1 136.4 138.8 139.0 140.2 157.9 162.8 164.7 168.4 175.4 175.8 150.4 151.4 152.1 153.9 155.1 156.2 157.5 161.0 167.6 169.2 172.1 178.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 115.2 (2) 115.2 (2) (2) 175.9 173.3 179.7 179.2 182.5 187.0 188.7 193.3 180.3 183.8 187.2 188.1 187.6 186.5 189.4 193.2 202.1 200.2 212.9 206.4 193.8 196.8 197.2 200.9 1 114.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) l& O 8 (2) (2) (2) 115.2 (2) CHICAGO , ILL. 97.7 98.9 103.2 101.1 99.1 99.7 104.0 120.2 125.3 133.0 140.3 154.7 91.3 93.6 99.6 107.0 108.5 108.6 110.5 114.1 114.5 114.7 114.8 115.5 1 8 4 .8 2 0 0 .0 1 2 1 .8 132.8 98.7 98.2 99.6 102.1 101.3 100.3 101.6 103.5 103.4 105.1 106.0 105.2 115.2 127.7 116.0 115.1 117.5 120.0 121.7 122.1 122.8 125.5 124.9 128.9 129.9 129.9 1 1 2 .7 116.7 119.5 124.0 123.1 120.4 120.9 119.8 121.4 121.4 121.5 121.3 112.5 112.7 112.8 112.8 116.2 115.6 114.4 114.4 114.4 114.4 114.4 114.4 103.4 103.4 103.4 102.7 103.2 103.6 103.6 103.6 103.6 103.6 103.7 103.7 116.2 118.3 119.5 120.7 120.5 119.6 119.7 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.6 119.6 107.4 108.3 109.1 110.3 110.3 110.3 110.3 110.5 110.5 110.9 111.6 111.7 129.9 132.1 135.9 138.6 141.1 140.0 137.1 121.2 122.0 123.7 123.7 123.5 123.7 124.9 114.4 114.4 114.4 114.5 114.5 114.5 114.5 104.5 102.6 103.2 103.2 103.2 103.2 103.2 119.7 119.8 120.1 120.2 120.3 120.4 120.5 112.8 112.8 113.1 113.6 113.7 113.8 113.8 100.0 101.4 106.1 97.8 94.9 96.7 106.1 122.9 136.0 135.0 137.8 160.1 197.5 215.2 48 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES Table B.— C onsum ers’ P rice Index fo r M oderate-Incom e Fam ilies in 34 L arge C ities, b y G roup o f C om m odities, 1935-48 — C ontinued [1935-39 = 100] Period 1 All items Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation CHICAGO, IJjIj.— Continued 122.9 123.7 123.8 122.8 123.1 136.4 137.0 136.6 133.9 133.7 125.1 128.3 128.8 129.0 129.6 114.5 114.5 114.5 114.5 114.7 103.2 103.2 103.2 103.2 104.4 120.6 120.9 121.3 121.6 123.9 1944: Jan. 1 5 ... F eb.15__ Mar. 15._ Apr. 15___ May 15__ June 15— July 15— A u g .15._ Sept. 15. _ Oct. 1 5 ... Nov. 15. _ Dec. 1 5 ... 122.7 122.3 122.5 124.0 124.2 124.8 126.2 125.7 126.1 125.8 125.9 126.3 132.5 131.3 131.6 133.9 134.2 135.4 138.6 137.1 137.3 135.8 135.8 136.5 129.6 130.0 130.8 131.2 131.5 132.0 132.3 133.2 135.7 136.1 136.3 137.2 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 114.8 105.0 105.2 105.0 105.1 105.1 105.1 105.1 105.1 105.2 105.2 105.2 105.2 124.0 124.7 124.7 135.1 135.7 138.7 138.8 139.0 139.8 140.1 140.5 141.4 1945: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15. _ Apr. 15__ M ay 15__ Junel5___ July 15__ A u g .1 5 .. Sept. 15. _ Oct. 1 5 ... N o v .1 5 .. Dec. 1 5 ... 126.0 125.7 126.0 126.5 127.9 128.2 128.5 127.9 127.5 127.6 127.4 128.0 135.3 134.5 135.0 136.2 139.5 140.2 140.7 139.2 137.5 137.8 137.8 139.3 137.6 137.8 139.0 139.5 139.7 139.9 140.3 140.3 142 9 142.0 142.2 142.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 114.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 115.0 105.2 105.2 105.2 105.2 105.9 105.9 106.4 106.6 106.5 106.5 106.6 106.7 141.9 138.6 138.0 138.0 138.6 138.8 137.2 137.3 138.5 138.9 139.3 139.7 i946: Jan. 15__ F e b .15__ Mar. 15. _ Apr. 15— May 1 5 ... June15. July 1 5 ... A u g .1 5 .. Sept. 15.. Oct. 1 5 ... Nov. 1 5 .. Dec. 15__ 128.1 127.8 128.0 129.9 130.1 130.9 141.1 144.0 146.1 149.5 152.5 153.0 139.2 138.6 138.7 141.9 141.9 142.8 168.4 174.0 176.2 183.4 189.4 187.0 142.9 142.4 146.6 148.4 150.3 152.1 152.9 155.0 162.4 164.0 166.9 172.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 115.2 (2) (2) 116.0 (2) (2) (2) 106.5 106.8 103.9 103.9 102.5 102.7 104.6 105.7 105.9 106.1 106.2 107.7 139.9 140.1 138.0 139.1 140.8 147.8 148.5 150.7 157.1 160.6 163.3 170.3 1947: Jan. 15. Feb. 1 5 ... Mar. 15. _ Apr. IS ... May 15__ June15__ July 1 5 ... Aug. 1 5 Sept. 1 5 .. Oct. 15. Nov. 15. Dec. 1 5 ... 153.0 152.8 156.2 155.7 156.8 158.3 160.1 162.7 168.3 167.3 168.3 170.1 184.5 183.2 190.8 188.6 190.6 193.9 198.4 203.1 211.0 207.1 207.8 210.5 175.5 178.1 182.4 181.0 183.0 184 8 183.9 186.3 189.2 189.4 191.0 193.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) 116.4 (2) (2) (2) 127.6 (2) (2) 129.2 110.3 110.4 110.7 111.3 111.7 112.4 115.2 118.7 118.7 119.2 121.7 122.5 171.2 172.2 173.3 174.5 173.4 175.8 179.4 176.8 178.1 178.5 180.0 181.1 1948: Jan. 15 Feb. 15. Mar. 1 5 .. Apr. 1 5 ... Mayl5___ June15__ July 15.. Aug. 1 5 .. Sept. 15 .. Oct. 15__ Nov. 15. _ Dec. 15__ 171.5 168.8 169.0 172.1 174.9 176.2 178.6 178.8 179.4 178.1 175.9 175.4 213.2 204.8 204.3 212.2 218.4 221.3 224.7 223.6 221.4 218.0 211.9 208.2 193.5 198.0 199.3 199.2 199.2 199.2 197.8 200.6 203.6 204.0 203.2 202.4 (2) (2) 130.6 (2) (2) 131.5 (2) (2) 133.7 (2) (2) 138.3 123.0 123.1 122.8 125.2 125.7 126.1 130.1 131.0 131.5 131.5 131.5 131.4 181.4 180.5 180.8 179.9 178.8 179.8 181.5 180.4 183.4 184.4 185.5 186.0 100.9 100 3 100! 6 99.8 98.4 98.6 101.1 103.1 103.8 106.0 107.1 92.5 95 1 105^5 104.5 102.4 100.6 110.5 125.3 128.9 140.9 143.9 CINCINNATI, OHIO 98.7 99 8 103.0 100.3 98.3 99.0 104.8 116.5 123.1 125.5 128.3 1 0 2 .5 103.5 105.5 96.2 92.3 94.3 105.0 124.0 136.0 135.3 137.6 94.2 95 7 103^9 104.0 102.3 103.7 108.0 126 9 133.5 138.7 147.6 96.6 97 4 100! 7 103.0 102.4 102.2 103.0 104.8 105.2 105.5 105.6 All items Food Apparel Fuel, electric House- Mis Rent ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation CINCINNATI, OHIO— Continued 1943: Aug. 15__ Sept. 15__ Oct. 15__ N o v .15__ Dec. 15__ 1935_____ 1936____ 1937_______ 1938______ 1939............ 1940......... 1941.............. 1942............ 1943................ 1944.................. 1945__________ Period 1 113.9 1946__________ 138.6 115.3 1947__________ 160.7 116.2 1948__________ 173.0 116.3 117.0 1942: Jan. 15— 111.8 F eb .15__ 112.6 117.1 Mar. 15 — 114.4 117.0 Apr. 15__ 115.3 117.1 May 15__ 115.9 118.5 June15__ 116.8 119.0 July 15__ 116.7 119.3 A u g .1 5 .. 117.4 119.8 Sept. 15— 118.0 119.8 Oct. 15— 119.2 119.8 Nov. 1 5 - 119.6 121.0 Dec. 15__ 120.0 121.2 121.4 1943: Jan.15__ 119.9 F eb.15__ 120.0 Mar. 15. _ 122.0 121.8 Apr. 1 5 - 123.4 122.0 122.2 May 15__ 123.8 122.3 June15__ 124.3 July 15__ 124.0 122.3 122.3 Aug. 15 .- 124.0 122.3 Sept. 15— 123.7 122.4 Oct. 15— 124.0 122.4 Nov. 15— 123.6 Dec. 15__ 124.2 122.5 121.4 121.4 1944: Jan. 15— 123.9 F eb.15__ 123.4 121.5 Mar. 15— 123.2 Apr. 1 5 - 125.2 121.4 May 15__ 124.6 121.6 June15__ 126.6 123.4 124.0 July 15—_ 127.1 124.5 A u g .1 5 .- 126.5 124.9 Sept. 15— 126.3 Oct. 15— 125.8 126.6 127.6 Nov. 1 5 - 126.3 129.0 Dec. 15__ 126.6 131.0 133.3 1945: Jan. 15— 127.0 F eb.15__ 126.7 Mar. 15— 126.5 134.9 Apr. 15__ 127.0 134.8 May 15__ 128.0 135.3 June15__ 129.4 137.0 July 15__ 129.5 137.4 Aug. 15. . 129.3 137.6 137.2 Sept. 15. _ 128.9 Oct. 15— 129.3 138.9 Nov. 1 5 139.4 (2) Dec. 15— 129.5 141.1 142.5 143.2 1946: Jan. 15— 129.6 F eb.15__ 129.0 144.7 Mar. 15 — 129.4 Apr. 15__ 130.2 145.0 May 15__ 131.0 144.8 June15__ 132.2 145.0 July 15__ 140.2 146.9 Aug. 1 5 - 143.5 147.0 150.9 Sept. 15-_ 145.4 152.7 Oct. 15— 146.5 Nov. 1 5 - 152.9 154.8 154.6 Dec. 15— 152.7 155.1 155.0 1947: Jan. 15— 152.6 F eb.15__ 153.2 Mar. 15— 157.0 Apr. 15__ 157.2 May 15__ 156.8 97.9 June 15__ 158.5 99 0 July 15__ 160.4 100! 8 Aug. 15- . 162 2 101.5 Sept. 15— 166.3 100.8 Oct. 15— 167.1 100.8 Nov. 1 5 - 167.1 103.8 Dec. 15— 170.3 110.6 115.9 See footnotes on p . 61. 122.1 125.4 156.0 195.5 212.8 158.2 184.2 194.2 106.2 107.8 112.8 110.7 121.2 139.5 156.5 180.1 191.0 130.8 141.4 151.4 115.8 116.4 118.9 120.7 122.4 124.3 124.2 125.8 126.9 130.1 130.6 131.5 117.0 118.9 125.5 128.5 128.1 128.2 128.1 128.3 130.0 130.2 130.2 130.3 104.1 104.2 104.4 104.4 104.8 104.9 104.9 104.9 105.1 105.2 105.2 105.2 104.6 104.6 104.6 103.1 102.2 103.1 103.1 102.4 102.5 102.5 102.5 102.5 124.2 125.2 126.0 125.7 125.5 125.7 125.7 125.3 124.8 124.8 125.1 108.0 109.2 109.9 110.1 110.2 110.7 110.6 111.5 111.3 111.3 112.2 112.2 131.0 131.1 135.1 138.2 138.3 139.2 137.9 137.6 136.2 136.1 134.9 135.9 130.6 130.6 132.4 132.8 132.9 132.6 133.8 133.8 135.2 135.7 135.9 136.0 105.2 105.2 105.1 105.1 105.1 105.1 105.1 105.2 105.2 105.3 105.4 105.4 102.5 103.2 103.9 103.9 103.9 103.8 103.8 103.8 103.8 103.8 103.8 105.4 125.2 125.4 126.0 126.9 128.4 128.6 129.2 130.6 131.3 131.5 131.7 132.2 112.6 112.6 113.8 114.5 116.1 116.8 116.8 116.8 116.8 117.8 118.0 118.4 135.1 133.7 132.9 135.4 133.7 138.4 139.2 136.8 135.8 133.4 134.4 134.7 135.8 135.9 136.7 136.7 136.8 137.0 137.6 138.8 140.8 142.0 142.6 144.2 105.4 105.4 105.5 105.4 105.5 105.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 105.6 105.6 105.6 105.6 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.1 106.1 106.2 106.2 106.2 132.3 132.3 132.4 140.1 140.3 143.0 143.4 144.6 144.7 145.6 145.7 145.8 118.4 118.6 118.6 122.1 122.2 122.5 122.7 123.3 123.4 124.4 124.7 124.5 135.5 134.6 134.1 135.0 137.5 140.6 140.8 140.0 138.2 139.0 137.7 138.7 144.0 145.3 145.6 146.4 146.8 147.6 147.6 148.7 149.3 149.3 (2) 150.7 (2) (2) 105.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 105.7 (2) (2) (2) 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.2 107.4 107.4 107.4 107.8 107.8 107.7 107.7 107.7 146.1 141.5 141.7 142.3 142.9 143.8 144.1 144.2 144.2 144.2 (2) 146.3 125.0 125.0 125.2 125.0 124.8 125.0 125.0 125.1 125.7 126.4 (2) 126.5 138.2 136.1 136.9 137.9 139.1 141.4 161.6 168.6 169.3 171.3 187.0 184.0 151.7 152.3 153.0 152.8 153.6 154.1 155.2 156.9 164.0 164.8 168.7 171.1 (2) (2) 106.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) 106.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) 108.3 108.3 108.3 108.4 108.4 110.3 111.5 112.1 113.3 113.3 113.3 113.4 146.7 147.1 146.3 146.9 149.3 150.8 155.8 158.0 167.6 170.0 169.4 169.9 127.3 127.5 127.6 129.4 130.2 130.3 130.2 131.5 132.1 132.6 134.3 136.9 182.4 182.8 191.3 188.9 187.9 191.1 194.3 198.3 206.7 206.9 204.2 211.6 171.8 174.7 176.6 181.7 181.9 185.5 190.0 187.2 190.0 190.8 191.2 189.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 106.3 (2) (2) 109.2 (2) (2) 110.7 115.2 115.2 115.2 116.2 116.2 116.2 116.2 125.6 126.0 128.3 131.5 132.2 171.4 175.6 175.7 178.8 178.2 179.3 183.6 181.2 181.6 183.6 184.3 187.7 137.4 137.2 139.2 140.3 140.0 140.3 140.5 141.4 142.3 143.9 146.9 148.0 12 5 .3 49 APPENDIX TABLES T able B.— C onsum ers’ P rice Index fo r M oderate-Incom e F am ilies in 34 L arge C ities, by G roup o f C om m odities, 1935-48 — C on tin u ed [193&-39 = 100] Period1 All items Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella neous refriger ings ation Period1 ,171.2 §170.1 169.3 1170.8 * 172.3 4173.5 :175.9 1175.7 |176.3 175.5 f 173.8 172.2 213.0 209.0 206.1 210.1 213.5 216.3 220.4 218.1 218.0 214.4 209.4 205.2 188.9 191.1 191.5 192.2 193.1 192.7 193.2 197.5 198.1 198.4 197.9 196.1 (2) (2) 111.4 (2) (2) 112.1 (2) (2) 114.1 (2) (2) 115.1 134.7 134.7 134.9 135.3 137.6 137.4 141.1 141.1 141.8 145.1 145.1 145.7 188.4 191.1 191.6 189.6 189.8 190.6 191.5 189.6 190.3 192.2 193.2 193.5 CLEVELAND, OHIO 1935.................. 1936.............. — 1937................ 1938................ 1939.................. 1940__________ 1941.................. 1942__________ 1943............... 1944.................. 1945-................ 1946............... 1947.................. 1948------- -------- 97.2 98.1 102.3 101.5 100.9 101.3 107.2 118.9 127.1 129.2 131.2 141.3 161.7 174.1 100.3 100.6 104.1 98.6 96.3 97.7 107.7 125.7 142.6 142.0 143.2 163.9 200.1 218.8 96.4 97.6 103.2 102.1 100.7 101.9 107.9 126.4 133.0 140.3 145.9 155.1 184.5 195.1 90.9 92.9 101.5 107.2 107.4 107.9 111.0 116.1 115.4 115.7 115.8 116.0 118.9 123.7 97.0 98.0 98.2 99.1 107.8 108.5 110.4 112.0 113.6 114.1 113.3 116.3 125.1 140.9 95.7 96.5 105.1 102.2 100.4 100.6 110.0 123.5 125.6 136.3 145.5 152.2 170.3 181.8 1942: Jan. 15— F e b .15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15__ July 15__ Aug. 15-Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ Nov. 15-Dec. 15__ 114.7 115.2 117.0 117.9 118.8 119.5 119.2 118.9 119.6 121.4 122.0 122.9 117.8 117.9 120.5 122.3 124.1 127.4 126.7 125.8 127.3 131.8 132.5 134.8 120.4 120.6 125.7 127.2 127.4 127.2 127.2 127.2 128.4 128.4 128.3 128.2 116.4 116.4 117.0 118.0 118.4 115.7 115.5 115.3 115.1 115.0 115.0 115.2 112.0 112.0 112.0 111.3 111.5 112.0 112.1 112.1 112.1 112.2 112.3 112.3 121.7 122.4 123.7 124.0 124.1 123.7 123.6 123.4 123.9 123.9 123.9 123.9 1943: Jan.15__ F e b .15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15__ July 15__ Aug. 15-Sept. 15— Oct. 15— Nov. 15__ Dec. 15__ 123.1 123.8 125.5 126.2 128.0 129.2 127.9 128.0 128.3 128.5 128.2 128.3 134.6 135.9 139.5 141.4 146.3 149.5 145.0 145.2 143.9 143.9 143.1 142.6 129.1 129.2 130.8 131.0 131.0 130.8 133.0 133.4 136.2 136.5 136.7 137.7 115.2 115.2 115.3 115.3 115.3 115.4 115.4 115.4 115.5 115.5 115.5 115.6 113.0 113.1 113.5 113.7 113.7 113.5 113.5 113.5 113.5 113.5 113.5 114.6 124.0 124.1 124.6 125.0 125.0 125.1 125.4 125.7 126.1 127.0 127.1 127.7 1944: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15_ _ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15__ July 15__ Aug. 15. _ Sept. 15_ . Oct. 15__ Nov. 15— Dec. 15__ 127.7 127.8 127.8 128.8 128.9 128.9 130.5 130.6 130.4 130.1 130.4 129.1 140.8 140.6 140.3 141.7 141.9 141.3 144.6 144.3 142.8 141.9 142.6 140.6 137.9 138.2 138.7 138.8 139.0 139.4 139.7 140.6 142.4 142.6 142.9 143.7 115.6 115.6 115.7 115.7 115.6 115.7 115.7 115.7 115.8 (2) (2) 115.9 114.7 114.8 114.8 114.8 114.9 115.0 115.0 115.3 115.3 115.3 115.3 104.1 127.7 127.9 128.9 135.8 137.1 138.5 139.0 139.5 139.7 139.7 139.8 141.9 1945: Jan. 15— F eb .15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15__ July 15__ A u g .15 -. Sept. 15_ Oct. 15__ Nov. 15-Dec. 15— 129.8 129.7 129.7 130.1 131.7 132.3 132.2 132.1 131.4 131.7 131.9 132.3 140.8 140.1 139.6 140.7 144.6 146.4 145.8 145.6 142.7 143.3 143.8 144.8 144.0 144.3 145.1 145.5 145.4 145.5 145.6 145.3 147.3 148.0 147.4 147.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 115.7 (2) (2) 115.8 (2) (2) (2) 112.2 112.4 112.5 112.5 113.6 113.6 113.6 113.7 113.8 113.8 113.8 113.9 141.9 143.6 143.9 144.3 145.9 145.9 146.4 146.1 146.5 147.1 147.7 147.1 Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella neous refriger ings ation CLEVELAND, OHIO— Continued CINCINNATI, OHIO— Continued 1948: Jan.15__ F e b .15__ Mar. 15 __ Apr. 15— May 15— June 15__ July 15— A u g .15._ Sept. 15__ Oct. 15— Nov. 15__ Dec. 15__ A11 items 149.1 1946: Jan. 15— 148.7 F eb .15__ 148.7 Mar. 15— 149.3 Apr. 15__ 149.0 May 15__ June15__ 149.4 152.2 July 15__ Aug. 15- . 153.0 153.9 Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ 154.3 Nov. 15-_ 154.5 Dec. 15__ 154.fi 132.2 131.6 131.7 132.7 134.0 135.7 143.8 147.0 147.6 149.5 154.0 156.2 144.2 142.7 142.7 144.5 146.7 149.3 171.3 178.6 179.3 183.1 193.1 191.4 147.2 147.2 148.6 150.2 150.9 152.3 153.5 154.7 156.8 161.1 164.4 174.6 (2) (2) 115.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) 116.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) 114.4 114.4 114.4 114.4 114.4 114.9 117.2 117.2 118.1 118.1 118.1 120.0 147.6 145.1 144.7 145.6 145.6 151.3 151.9 153.3 153.9 157.1 161.0 169.4 124.2 124.1 124.1 124.7 126.6 128.1 128.1 129.6 129.7 129.7 131.9 135.9 1947: Jan. 15— F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15—_ May 15__ June15__ Aug.15_ _ Nov. 15__ 156.1 155.9 159.2 159.2 159.0 160.3 163.0 166.9 189.1 186.9 195.1 195.0 194.3 198.3 204.3 206.1 177.7 181.1 182.3 182.9 183.4 183.5 183.6 190.4 (2) (2) (2) 115.9 (2) (2) (2) 122.9 122.2 122.2 122.3 122.3 122.3 122.3 130.6 134.1 166.8 168.0 171.5 169.4 169.0 170.2 169.5 171.6 137.1 137.2 138.0 138.8 138.5 138.0 138.9 142.4 171.6 173.7 179.3 176.2 212.5 218.0 229.0 217.0 194.5 195.8 196.3 198.8 123.6 123.9 124.3 125.6 136.4 139.3 143.6 145.1 182.9 180.6 184.0 185.0 147.3 147.2 152.2 153.3 98. £ 98.9 100.8 101.5 100.7 99.8 102.8 1948: Feb. 15— 110.4 May 15__ 115.8 Aug. 15-_ 120.4 N ov.15__ 123.0 128.1 139.4 149.1 1935.................. 107.5 1936.................. 108.6 1937____ _____ 109.6 1938.......... ....... 109.8 1939.................. 110.4 1940.................. 110.5 1941— ............ 110.4 1942.................. 110.5 1943____ _____ 110.5 1944.............. — 111.3 1945.................. 113.1 1946.................. 113.2 1947.......... ....... 1948.................. 113.6 114.4 1942: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ 114.9 114.9 Mar. 15 __ Apr. 15__ 115.0 May 15__ 115.3 115.4 June 15__ July 15__ 115.5 Aug. 15— 117.3 Sept. 15— 117.7 117.7 Oct. 15__ Nov. 1 5 117.9 Dec. 15__ 117.8 118.5 1943: Jan. 15— F eb .15__ 118.5 119.3 Mar. 15— 119.5 Apr. 15— May 15__ 119.9 121.1 June15__ July 15___ 121.6 Aug. 1 5 121.9 Sept. 15. _ 122.1 122.2 Oct. 15— 122.3 Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15— 122.5 122.5 1944: Jan. 15__ Feb. 1 5 122.6 Mar. 15__ 122.6 Apr. 15__ 122.6 May 15__ 122.8 122.9 June15__ July 15__ 123.0 123.3 A u g .1 5 .. 123.5 Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ 123.8 Nov. 1 5 123.8 Dec. 15__ DENVER, COLO. 97.4 98.9 103.5 100.7 99.4 99.3 103.9 115.6 122.1 124.5 127.1 137.1 157.2 170.1 100.4 101.6 106.3 97.1 94.6 94.4 103.2 123.7 137.2 137.1 138.8 158.3 194.0 210.0 98.8 98.3 102.7 101.3 98.9 100 0 104.1 122.1 124.9 130.4 136.2 151.5 182.4 195.5 90.6 94.8 102.4 105.8 106.4 106.7 107.2 109.0 109.0 109.3 109.6 110.4 113.7 122.0 99.2 99.6 101.3 101.8 98.1 98.0 97.7 99.1 100.7 103.9 102.7 99.3 102.3 109.2 94.3 96.8 103.3 103.5 102.1 103.7 107.7 121.2 122.2 139.0 158.0 176.8 203.1 217.0 97.5 98.6 101.9 101.2 100.8 100.1 103.7 110.8 115.6 120.0 123.7 127.1 137.3 148.7 111.3 111.8 113.1 114.6 115.6 115.7 116.0 116.3 117.2 117.8 118.5 119.5 116.4 115.8 117.7 120.2 122.9 123.7 124.4 126.0 126.8 128.4 129.9 132.4 114.3 116.6 120.8 125.3 124.4 123.2 123.3 123.4 123.4 123.3 123.3 123.4 108.4 108.4 108.9 109.0 109.0 109.0 109.1 109.1 109.1 109.1 109.1 109.1 98.2 99.3 99.3 99.3 99.3 99.5 99.1 99.1 99.1 98.9 99.3 99.4 117.5 118.6 121.3 122.3 122.1 122.0 122.0 122.0 121.7 121.7 121.9 121.9 108.1 109.2 109.7 110.2 110.8 110.8 110.7 109.5 112.2 112.4 112.8 113.1 119.6 120.3 121.8 122.5 124.4 123.5 122.7 121.1 121.6 121.9 122.5 123.5 132.6 133.9 137.2 139.0 143.8 141.0 138.4 134.5 134.8 135.3 136.8 138.7 123.7 123.9 124.7 124.7 124.0 124.2 124.6 124.7 125.9 126.0 126.2 126.6 109.1 109.1 109.1 109.1 109.1 109.0 109.0 109.0 109.0 109.0 109.0 109.0 99.6 100.0 100.1 100.1 100.1 99.7 100.4 100.9 101.3 101.3 101.3 103.5 121.9 121.9 121.8 121.8 121.8 121.9 121.9 121.9 122.0 122.6 123.2 123.8 113.2 113.9 114.5 114.5 115.5 116.1 116.2 116.2 116.2 116.6 116.6 117.1 122.6 122.6 122.9 123.9 125.1 124.7 126.0 124.9 124.9 125.2 125.3 126.1 136.0 135.7 135.7 136.6 139.3 137.5 140.6 137.1 136.4 136.2 136.4 137.9 126.2 127.2 128.3 128.5 128.6 129.6 130.1 131.1 133.1 133.5 133.7 134.6 109.0 109.0 109.1 109.2 109.3 109.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 109.5 103.6 103.6 103.6 103.6 104.1 104.1 104.1 104.1 104.1 104.1 104.1 104.2 124.2 126.0 126.5 136.4 136.7 143.2 143.4 144.4 145.3 146.7 146.9 148.8 117.5 117.5 117.7 119.5 120.1 120.1 120.6 120.6 120.6 122.0 122.0 122.1 See footnotes on p . 61. 50 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES T able B.— C onsum ers’ P rice Index fo r M oderate-Incom e F am ilies in 34 L arge C ities, b y G roup o f C om m odities, 1935-48 — C ontinued [1935-39 = 100J Period1 All items Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation Period1 DENVER, COLO.—Continued All items Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation DETROIT, MICH.—Continued 1945: Jan. 1 5 ... Feb. 15__ Mar. 15. _ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15__ July 15__ Aug. 15 __ Sept. 15 .. Oct. 1 5 ... Nov. 1 5 .. Dec. 15__ 126.2 125.9 126.0 126.5 128.4 128.4 127.8 127.7 126.6 126.8 126.8 128.3 137.8 136.9 136.9 137.9 141.8 142.0 139.8 139.3 136.1 138.0 137.9 141.7 134.9 135.4 135.7 135.8 135.7 135.9 136.2 136.7 136.8 136.9 136.9 137.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 109.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 109.9 104.2 104.2 104.1 104.1 104.4 104.4 104.4 105.1 105.1 97.3 97.3 97.3 152.4 153.4 155.3 154.9 155.0 155.8 159.3 160.1 160.2 161.7 163.2 164.9 122.1 122.1 122.2 122.6 124.3 124.1 124.5 124.5 124.4 124.5 124.5 124.7 1944:Jan.15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15. . Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 1 5 .. Sept. 15_ Oct. 15__ Nov. 15 Dec. 15__ 125.0 124.4 124.5 125.2 125.8 126.6 127.9 127.3 127.4 127.2 127.1 127.5 132.8 130.9 130.8 131.2 132.4 133.0 136.5 134.4 134.0 132.8 132.3 132.7 133.6 134.5 135.4 135.7 135.9 136.1 136.5 138.2 139.1 140.3 140.4 140.9 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.8 (2) (2) 114.9 111.8 112.0 112.0 112.0 111.9 112.4 112.3 112.3 112.3 112.3 112.3 111.9 129.5 130.1 130.4 134.4 136.5 141.1 141.5 141.6 142.6 143.6 143.9 146.3 124.0 123.9 124.0 125.8 126.1 128.2 128.0 128.0 128.4 128.5 128.6 129.4 1946:Jan.15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15. _ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 1 5 .. Sept. 1 5 .. Oct. 15__ Nov. 15 . . Dec. 15__ 127.9 128.0 128.9 129.4 130.1 131.7 138.1 140.1 142.5 143.7 151.9 152.5 139.8 139.5 139.9 140.5 141.7 145.3 161.8 166.3 170.1 171.4 192.7 190.6 139.4 140.5 146.6 148.3 149.8 151.2 150.7 150.5 154.3 157.5 162.6 166.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 110.3 (2) 110.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) 97.8 97.8 97.8 97.9 97.9 98.3 99.7 99.7 100.7 100.8 101.3 102.4 163.3 166.6 170.8 172.3 173.8 171.9 173.0 177.9 184.6 186.6 188.6 192.4 124.7 1945:Jan.15__ 124.9 F eb.15__ 124.8 Mar. 15 _. 124.7 Apr. 15__ 125.1 May 15__ 125.2 June15__ 126.3 July 15__ 127.5 Aug. 15— 128.7 Sept. 15— 129.8 Oct. 15___ 130.7 N o v .1 5 .. 132.8 Dec. 15__ 127.5 127.5 127.3 127.8 129.1 130.8 130.8 131.2 130.8 130.7 131.0 131.3 132.4 131.7 131.4 132.1 135.0 139.2 138.3 138.4 136.8 136.4 137.5 138.3 141.1 141.1 139.8 141.6 142.6 144.0 146.1 147.2 148.7 148.6 148.8 149.3 (2) (2) <2) (2) (*) 115.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 115.1 112.4 112.8 113.1 112.8 113.4 113.3 113.9 114.7 114.6 114.7 111.5 111.6 146.7 154.7 156.3 157.1 158.0 156.1 156.2 156.7 156.2 156.6 156.8 158.0 129.5 129.5 129.5 129.6 129.8 129.9 130.1 131.1 131.1 131.2 131.6 131.4 1947: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 1 5 .. Apr. 1 5 ... May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Oct. 1 5 ... 151.4 152.2 154.8 155.8 155.8 155.9 155.7 160.4 185.0 185.7 191.4 192.4 191.9 191.9 191.6 197.2 170.8 177.6 181.3 181.5 182.3 183.7 182.5 185.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) 110.6 (2) (2) 117.7 102.5 98.9 98.9 98.9 99.5 99.5 101.0 105.5 195.6 198.5 199.9 201.1 202.4 200.9 200.5 206.8 134.0 134.1 134.7 136.7 136.9 136.7 136.5 139.0 1948: Jan. 1 5 ... Apr. 15__ July 15___ Oct. 1 5 ... 167.0 168.5 172.5 171.0 208.6 208.5 217.0 208.3 188.9 194.8 196.1 200.6 119.5 121.0 122.6 123.4 106.6 106.7 109.3 112.1 217.2 216.2 217.3 218.3 144.7 147.3 149.0 151.3 1946:Jan.1 5 ... F eb.15__ Mar. 15. _ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 15 ._ Sept. 15. . Oct. 15_._ Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15— 132.3 132.0 132.2 133.6 134.4 136.4 144.2 145.4 146.6 148.8 152.0 153.1 137.8 136.7 137.0 140.1 141.6 145.4 166.9 168.5 163.4 173.9 181.6 179.2 149.7 150.2 151.4 152.4 152.7 154.4 154.7 155.7 161.6 163.2 166.0 172.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 115.2 (2) 115.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) 111.3 111.9 111.9 111.9 111.9 111.9 115.9 116.5 117.5 117.5 117.6 117.9 158.9 158.6 156.5 158.9 161.6 164.3 165.2 166.2 173.2 174.4 176.8 178.7 136.9 136.7 136.9 137.4 138.0 139.5 138.8 140.3 141.1 141.7 142.7 147.2 1947: Jan. 15— F eb .15__ Mar. 15. _ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 1 5 .. Sept. 15_ Oct. 15__ Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 153.0 153.1 156.5 156.7 156.8 158.7 160.2 162.8 164.2 166.7 166.6 169.0 176.5 175.1 183.0 182.7 182.7 188.5 191.4 195.5 197.4 199.0 196.7 202.0 175.4 178.0 181.9 182.1 181.9 182.1 182.7 184.5 186.8 189.6 190.8 191.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 115.4 (2) (2) (2) 121.3 (2) (2) 121.8 121.6 121.8 121.6 122.2 122.3 124.0 134.1 134.1 135.2 137.2 137.1 180.6 183.0 185.6 186.7 188.4 190.3 192.4 193.8 199.6 200.6 200.3 201.7 147.7 148.3 149.1 150.0 150.1 149.8 151.0 152.4 153.7 155.0 156.6 158.6 1948: Jan. 1 5 ... F eb .15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15__ July 15__ A u g .1 5 .. Sept. 15__ Oct. 15— Nov. 15__ Dec. 1 5 ... 170.6 169.0 168.7 171.8 173.2 174.5 175.9 176.1 175.4 174.6 173.1 172.8 205.1 199.4 197.7 203.9 208.0 191.2 193.2 195.5 195.7 195.0 195.2 194.3 197.8 198.5 199.0 198.5 198.3 123.8 (2) (2) 124.4 (2) (2) 125.3 (2) (2) 126.5 (2) (2) 137.6 138.2 138.3 137.8 141.8 143.3 147.3 149.7 150.6 150.6 150.5 150.4 200.6 201.9 202.2 203.1 203.4 204.4 205.5 207.6 206.4 206.0 207.1 206.7 159.4 159.1 159.2 162.6 162.2 162.2 163.9 166.1 166.5 166.5 166.4 166.7 1935................. 1936.................. 1937.................. 1938.................. 1939.................. 1940.................. 1941.............. . 1942................ .. 1943................. 1944........ ......... 1945—.............. 1946.................. 1947................. 1948.................. 97.2 98.2 102.1 101.6 100.8 101.2 105.7 116.6 122.7 123.9 126.4 136.3 159.8 172.8 102.9 101.2 99.5 99.6 96.7 93.9 93.3 93.3 91.2 91.1 90.4 89.6 94.3 96.7 90.3 93.3 101.9 106.3 105.5 104.9 110.9 122.1 122.9 126.8 143.7 157.4 185.9 196.1 98.4 98.8 100.8 101.5 100.5 100.1 102.5 110.0 117.0 121.9 124.2 128.4 140.4 151.0 DETROIT, MICH. 1935.................. 94.9 1936.................. 98.3 1937.................. 104.5 1938................ . .102.6 1939.................. 99.6 1940.................. 100.3 1941.................. 106.6 1942.................. 118.3 1943.................. 124.7 1944.................. 126.3 1945__________ 129.6 1946____ _____ 140.9 1947____ _____ 160.4 1948.................. 173.0 99.5 101.8 106.8 98.2 93.7 95.7 104.9 123.4 135.8 132.8 135.6 156.4 189.2 204.9 96.5 97.7 102.9 102.2 100.8 101.7 106.8 124.9 130.4 137.2 144.9 157.0 184.0 196.0 81.0 92.6 106.9 111.3 108.1 107.9 112.3 116.5 114.4 114.7 115.0 115.5 117.9 125.3 102.7 102.3 98.9 98.2 97.9 98.5 101.9 106.9 108.9 112.1 112.6 114.0 127.8 144.7 94.3 96.6 104.2 103.3 101.6 99.9 107.9 120.4 123.7 138.5 155.8 166.1 191.9 204.6 97.0 97.6 102.3 102.9 100.1 100.5 105.4 113.2 121.1 126.9 130.4 139.8 151.9 163.4 1942: Jan. 1 5 ... F e b .15__ Mar. 1 5 .. Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 1 5 ... July 1 5 ... A u g .15._ Sept. 15_ Oct. 1 5 ... Nov. 15— Dec. 15__ 114.5 115.4 117.2 118.4 118.8 118.5 118.5 118.0 118.4 119.9 120.6 121.4 115.0 116.5 118.6 121.0 122.4 124.5 125.0 123.7 124.7 128.2 129.6 131.8 117.3 120.9 124.7 127.0 126.4 125.8 125.1 125.1 125.1 127.0 127.0 127.1 118.4 118.6 119.3 119.5 119.5 115.1 114.9 114.7 114.5 114.5 114.4 114.4 106.7 106.7 106.8 106.5 106.7 106.7 106.9 106.9 107.3 107.3 107.3 107.3 117.8 119.7 120.6 121.3 121.0 121.0 120.8 120.6 120.3 120.5 120.6 120.8 111.2 111.9 112.9 113.3 113.4 113.4 113.3 113.3 113.5 113.6 114.5 114.6 1943: Jan. 1 5 ... F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15._ Sept. 15. _ Oct. 15__ Nov. 15. _ Dec. 15__ 121.0 122.2 124.0 125.0 127.3 126.8 126.0 124.6 124.4 125.0 124.6 125.4 130.0 132.3 135.7 137.4 143.4 141.6 138.8 134.8 133.6 134.5 133.3 134.2 128.0 128.3 129.3 129.3 129.2 129.3 130.0 130.5 132.4 132.5 132.7 133.3 114.4 114.4 114.3 114.3 114.3 114.4 114.4 114.4 114.4 114.4 114.5 114.6 107.7 108.2 108.9 108.9 108.9 108.8 108.8 108.8 108.8 108.8 108.8 111.4 121.0 121.2 122.2 122.4 122.7 123.0 123.2 123.7 124.0 125.7 126.3 128.9 115.2 116.6 118.9 120.7 121.3 122.0 122.7 122.7 122.5 123.3 123.4 124.0 2 1 1 .3 213.2 210.2 207.6 204.4 199.9 198.7 HOUSTON, TEX. See footnotes on p. 61. 99.6 99.9 103.9 98.7 97.8 99.4 108.9 127.6 139.0 136.2 138.7 158.3 201.2 219.9 97.6 97.2 102.3 102.1 100.9 102.9 107.5 125.8 130.9 136.3 140.1 152.7 189.9 208.4 91.2 95.8 101.2 105.3 106.5 106.7 107.1 108.4 109.1 109.4 109.4 110.4 113.3 119.4 51 APPENDIX TABLES T able B.— C onsum ers’ P rice In dex fo r M oderate-Incom e F am ilies in 34 L arge C ities, b y G roup o f C om m odities, 1935-48 — C ontinued [1935-39 = 100] Period1 All items Food Fuel, electric House- Mis Apparel Rent ity, and furnish cella neous refriger ings ation Period1 Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and fumish- cella neous refriger ings ation 94.3 98.4 98.4 99.6 99.6 99.7 99.4 198.8 199.1 199.3 198.4 198.8 198.8 198.5 149.7 151.1 152.6 152.5 152.9 153.5 153.4 90.1 93.9 101.3 106.8 107.9 110.0 114.5 117.5 115.5 115.7 115.9 116.1 119.5 128.1 102.2 100.9 99.8 99.8 97.2 97.4 101.3 103.3 108.8 112.1 113.1 116.3 129.3 150.0 94.0 96.1 105.4 103.3 101.1 99.9 109.6 125.0 129.1 143.7 148.8 154.9 177.0 187.2 99.4 99.5 100.4 100.8 99.9 100.1 103.6 112.2 117.9 122.7 127.8 131.3 144.8 157.7 125.2 125.5 125.4 125.8 119.0 119.4 115.3 115.3 103.1 103.4 103.4 103.6 125.6 125.4 125.3 125.3 111.6 112.3 112.9 114.0 134.8 140.3 134.6 134.4 128.7 128.5 131.0 130.9 115.3 115.6 115.5 115.6 106.1 110.4 110.3 111.6 127.7 129.4 130.4 130.6 117.1 118.2 118.8 119.1 124.4 126.2 127.6 128.0 131.0 132.6 134.3 133.8 133.4 134.1 136.4 136.8 115.6 115.6 115.7 115.9 112.0 112.1 112.2 112.2 133.4 148.2 150.0 149.5 120.4 122.3 124.0 126.7 127.5 129.5 129.5 130.4 132.1 137.4 136.0 137.7 137.5 137.6 138.8 139.2 (2) 115.8 (2) 116.0 112.2 113.4 113.6 113.9 150.1 148.0 148.2 148.5 126.7 127.4 128.7 129.3 130.0 131.9 146.1 154.2 136.0 141.5 172.4 184.3 142.2 143.0 156.2 169.7 (2) 116.3 116.1 (2) 114.7 112.8 118.5 119.4 148.5 148.5 158.7 171.8 128.4 128.6 132.4 139.0 157.5 158.0 159.5 167.8 187.8 188.7 204.5 177.0 4116.0 176.4 (2) 176.2 116.8 180.9 125.4 123.1 123.1 125.8 136.5 175.8 176.6 176.5 178.6 141.6 142.6 143.4 148.7 172.3 172.5 176.5 178.0 208.2 205.7 212.6 211.8 186.0 191.2 191.1 195.7 126.6 127.2 128.5 129.1 144.1 144.3 152.1 155.2 182.4 184.7 187.8 191.6 155.1 155.2 158.2 160.5 1948: June 15__ July 15__ Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ Nov. 15— Dec. 15— 172.5 173.7 175.2 175.4 174.7 173.9 173.8 220.0 222.1 223.8 223.7 220.8 217.6 218.1 122.2 122.3 122.4 122.4 122.6 122.8 123.0 123.2 123.2 123.2 123.2 124.0 112.0 112.3 115.5 116.5 117.4 118.0 118.4 118.4 118.5 118.7 118.8 119.2 1935.................. 1936.................. 1937.................. 1938.................. 1939.................. 1940.................. 1941.................. 1942.................. 1943.................. 1944_................ 1945— ............ 1946................. 1947.................. 1948.................. 97.9 99.0 103.0 101.1 99.1 100.3 106.7 118.4 124.5 126.3 129.0 138.7 161.5 174.9 100.6 101.9 106.4 97.6 93.5 95.8 106.3 125.2 135.5 133.0 135.4 156.5 193.1 209.2 95.9 96.2 103.4 103.5 101.0 102.9 108.2 124.8 129.3 134.7 138.1 150.2 177.9 191.1 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.2 91.1 91.1 91.1 91.1 91.1 91.1 91.1 123.8 123.6 124.0 124.1 124.4 127.1 127.8 127.8 128.1 128.9 129.4 132.4 117.2 119.2 119.1 120.9 120.8 125.7 127.1 131.4 123.5 126.2 124.7 124.8 (2) (2) 109.4 (*) (2) (2) (2) (2) 109.2 (2) <2) <2) 91.1 91.1 91.1 91.1 91.1 91.1 91.1 91.1 91.1 88.2 88.2 88.2 139.2 140.0 143.8 144.0 143.7 144.1 144.1 144.1 145.2 145.3 145.2 145.6 139.1 140.0 145.6 145.9 147.4 149.6 152.3 155.2 159.4 161.8 164.2 171.9 (2) (2) 109.2 (2) (2) (2) (*) 111.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) 88.7 145.6 145.7 88.7 88.7 146.5 88.7 148.2 88.7 , 150.3 154.2 88.7 88.7 154.9 88.7 157.6 88.8 166.3 88.8 170.0 171.1 94.1 179.1 94.1 192.5 190.6 196.3 199.2 197.1 196.2 198.7 200.8 206.4 208.7 210.2 218.1 175.7 179.3 185.4 187.6 187.0 188.5 190.4 192.2 196.5 197.0 198.7 200.5 (2) (2) (2) 110.7 (2) (2) <2) (2) (2) (2) 116.7 (2) 94.2 94.2 94.3 94.3 94.4 94.4 94.3 94.3 94.4 94.4 94.3 94.3 182.0 185.2 186.3 186.3 182.4 184.2 184.0 185.5 186.7 186.9 190.6 190.7 119.4 1942: Mar. 15— June15__ 119.5 Sept. 15_ 119.5 Dec. 15__ 121.1 122.5 1943: Mar. 15— 122.8 June15__ 122.8 Sept. 15122.9 Dec. 15— 122.9 123.0 1944: Mar. 15— 123.0 June15__ 123.2 Sept. 15— Dec. 15__ 123.2 123.2 1945: Mar. 15— 123.3 June15__ 123.5 Sept. 15_ 123.8 Dec. 15__ 123.8 124.1 1946: Mar. 15— 124.1 June15__ 125.5 S ept.15_ 125.6 Dec. 15__ 125.5 125.0 1947: Mar. 15-_ June15__ 125.0 July 15__ 125.1 Oct. 15__ 125.5 125.9 15__ 127.0 1948: Jan. Apr. 15__ 127.2 July 15__ 128.1 Oct. 15__ 130.0 128.8 130.4 132.0 135.3 1935.................. 1936.................. 136.0 1937.................. 136.6 1938.................. 138.3 1939.................. 139.7 1940.................. 139.8 1941.................. 139.8 1942.................. 139.2 1943.................. 140.4 1944.................. 140.9 1945.................. 142.5 1946.................. 144.5 1947.................. 147.4 1948.................. 221.5 218.1 216.0 219.3 218.1 199.4 202.9 205.9 206.4 208.9 (2) 118.1 (2) (2) 119.5 94.3 94.3 94.3 94.3 94.3 191.0 191.6 188.8 194.6 195.4 149.3 1942: Mar. 15 — 149.2 June 15— 149.4 Sept. 1 5 149.5 Dec. 15— 149.2 112.5 114.0 115.3 115.7 116.2 115.7 116.7 117.6 118.0 118.8 118.8 119.5 120.1 122.5 124.6 124.6 125.9 124.9 128.2 130.0 130.8 132.9 132.4 134.4 119.6 122.5 125.7 127.3 127.5 126.7 126.7 126.7 126.7 126.7 126.5 126.7 107.4 107.4 107.6 108.5 108.6 108.6 108.6 109.0 108.8 108.9 108.9 108.9 93.9 93.9 93.9 93.7 93.7 93.0 92.7 92.8 92.9 92.9 92.9 92.9 120.6 121.0 122.3 122.5 122.5 122.5 122.5 122.5 122.2 122.2 122.2 122.2 107.1 108.5 109.2 109.6 109.8 109.7 109.6 110.5 111.0 111.1 111.8 111.9 1943:Jan.15__ 119.6 Feb. 15— 120.8 Mar. 15. . 123.5 Apr. 15__ 124.0 May 15__ 124.4 June15__ 123.2 July 15__ 122.3 Aug. 1 5 -. 122.0 Sept. 15-- 123.3 Oct. 15— 123.4 Nov. 15-_ 123.1 Dec. 15— 123.3 134.8 137.9 142.7 143.4 143.7 140.0 137.4 136.2 138.7 138.4 137.3 137.3 125.8 126.4 129.4 129.7 130.2 129.4 130.4 131.0 134.4 134.5 134.6 134.9 109.0 109.0 109.0 109.0 109.1 109.0 109.2 109.2 109.1 109.2 109.2 109.3 93.1 93.2 92.2 92.2 92.2 92.8 88.6 88.6 88.6 90.4 91.2 91.2 1944: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15 .Apr. 15__ May 15— June15__ July 15—A u g .1 5 -. Sept. 15— Oct. 15— Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15— 123.4 122.9 122.6 123.2 123.8 123.6 124.3 124.7 124.8 124.6 124.0 124.7 137.5 135.9 134.9 135.3 135.9 135.0 137.0 137.8 137.5 136.6 134.6 135.9 135.0 135.2 135.4 135.5 135.6 135.7 135.7 136.3 137.3 137.7 138.0 138.7 109.3 109.3 109.4 109.4 109.4 109.3 109.3 109.2 109.6 (2) (2) <*> 1945: Jan. 15__ Feb. 1 5 Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ M ay 15— June15__ July 15— Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15_ Oct. 15— Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15— 125.2 124.8 124.8 125.6 126.2 126.7 127.5 127.4 127.6 127.2 127.0 127.3 136.5 135.4 134.8 136.7 138.4 139.5 141.6 141.2 140.5 139.7 139.5 140.9 138.7 138.8 139.1 139.6 139.8 140.6 140.3 140.4 141.2 141.3 140.7 140.4 1946: Jan. 15__ Feb. 1 5 Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15 -Sept. 15_ Oct. 15__ Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 127.2 126.8 127.6 128.0 128.5 130.5 136.6 140.7 142.8 144.2 150.0 152.3 140.8 139.3 139.3 139.7 139.7 144.0 160.4 168.8 173.5 174.7 190.0 189.8 1947:Jan.15__ Feb. 1 5 Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15— Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ Nov. 15— Dec. 15__ 153.9 154.1 157.1 158.6 157.6 157.6 158.4 159.7 162.1 163.4 165.8 169.3 1948: Jan.15__ F e b .15__ Mar. 1 5 Apr. 15__ May 15— 170.8 170.4 170.0 171.4 171.5 Food Apparel HOUSTON, TEX.— Continued HOUSTON, TEX.—Continued 1942: Jan.15__ F eb .15__ Mar. 15_ Apr. 15__ M ay 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15 -Sept. 15-_ Oct. 15__ Nov. 15-_ Dec. 15— All items 2 0 8 .8 2 0 8 .2 210.9 213.2 213.1 212.3 211.0 (2) (2) 121.1 (2> (2) 121.5 (2) INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 1 9 1 .7 JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 98.8 99.4 102.8 100.1 98.9 100.1 107.4 120.1 129.4 132.0 135.9 144.1 166.0 176.4 99.8 101.0 104.1 98.4 96.7 98.6 108.6 130.3 147.6 144.7 148.2 166.5 202.6 216.2 96.8 97.3 104.7 101.1 100.1 101.6 106.9 124.0 129.2 137.5 142.3 154.0 179.6 194.9 94.9 99.1 100.9 102.4 102.7 104.1 111.8 115.1 112.2 112.7 113.4 113.3 115.2 124.7 104.2 100.7 100.7 97.9 96.5 96.6 101.2 108.8 112.7 114.2 115.3 119.7 132.0 144.4 98.5 97.2 102.8 101.7 99.8 100.7 106.7 120.9 126.0 143.2 150.3 153.7 172.6 186.1 99.3 98.7 101.9 100.8 99.3 100.0 105.8 112.4 122.6 131.1 137.7 139.4 151.5 157.8 118.0 119.9 121.5 123.3 124.3 129.3 134.2 138.3 123.5 124.6 125.2 125.4 117.1 117.9 112.2 112.0 108.1 108.0 109.6 109.5 120.7 121.3 121.3 121.3 111.7 111.1 113.5 114.9 See footnotes on p. 61. 52 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES T able B.— C onsum ers’ P rice In dex fo r M oderate-Incom e F am ilies in 34 L arge C ities, by G roup o f C om m odities, 1935-48 — C ontinued [1935-39 = 100] Fuel, electric- House- MisRent ity, and furnish- cellarefriger- ings neous ation Period 1 All items 1943: Nov. 15. _ June15__ Sept. 15— Dec. 15__ 127.0 130.7 131.9 130.4 146.0 151.7 150.0 144.2 126.5 127.8 131.9 133.2 112.2 112.1 112.2 112.4 112.0 112.1 113.5 114.2 125.7 125.8 126.8 128.2 116.6 122.6 127.2 128.8 1944: Mar. 15. _ June 15__ Sept. 15 .. Dec. 15__ 129.1 131.7 134.1 134.4 139.6 142.9 148.1 146.8 134.9 137.1 139.8 141.0 112.5 112.5 (2) 113.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 128.9 149.0 150.1 153.4 129.2 131.4 131.7 133.8 1945: Mar. 15— June15__ Sept. 1 5 .. Dec. 15__ 133.6 135.6 138.2 137.4 142.8 147.5 151.9 150.7 141.4 142.0 143.0 143.7 (2) 113.4 113.5 (2) 113.9 114.0 117.8 118.0 147.7 151.1 151.6 149.1 137.2 137.3 139.6 138.4 1946: Mar. 15— June15__ Sept. 15— Dec. 15__ 136.1 138.4 150.2 158.8 146.5 150.8 180.7 194.8 146.0 149.4 159.4 170.0 113.3 (2) 113.4 (2) 117.7 117.7 119.2 127.3 148.5 149.5 158.5 162.9 138.3 139.4 137.6 144.0 1947: Mar. 15 __ June15__ Sept. 15. . Dec. 15__ 163.4 163.5 168.5 173.9 198.8 199.1 209.1 216.6 180.3 177.0 180.3 186.0 112.8 (2) 116.5 118.5 129.9 130.5 133.9 139.0 170.7 170.6 172.5 183.5 150.1 151.1 152.5 156.4 1948: Mar. 1 5 .. June15__ Sept. 15— Dec. 15__ 172.8 178.3 179.1 176.2 208.1 222.9 219.3 209.9 194.2 193.9 197.7 198.1 123.0 124.3 127.1 127.7 142.5 145.2 146.9 146.8 185.0 184.8 186.3 190.7 1935.................. 1936................. 1937 ...... 1938 ...... 1939 ...... 1940 ...... 1941 ...... 1942.................. 1943.............. . 1944................. 1945__________ 1946.................. 1947.................. 1948.................. 98.4 99.1 102.5 100.7 99.4 98.4 102.8 114.2 121.1 123.4 126.6 135.3 152.9 165.1 101.4 101.2 105.6 97.5 94.3 91.8 101.2 119.4 133.0 130.6 133.0 150.7 185.1 199.8 96.6 97.0 102.2 102.9 101.2 102.8 106.1 121.8 127.0 136.0 145.9 152.3 173.3 188.0 96.6 97.9 100.3 102.7 102.6 102.8 104.5 108.6 108.7 109.5 109.7 110.0 114.4 122.2 99.9 100.5 101.6 100.0 97.9 98.6 101.6 105.6 108.0 110.1 111.7 116.1 118.0 124.4 95.9 97.1 103.3 102.9 100.7 98.2 104.7 116.8 119.6 125.9 135.6 152.4 171.8 182.9 1942: Jan. 1 5 ... F eb .15__ Mar. 15 — Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15. __ July 15__ Aug. 15. _ Sept. 1 5 .. Oct. 15__ Nov. 15. _ Dec. 15__ 109.8 111.1 112.9 113.7 114.1 114.1 113.8 114.9 114.7 116.4 117.0 117.7 112.2 112.7 116.5 117.2 118.8 119.0 118.3 121.2 120.7 124.0 125.0 127.2 114.1 118.2 121.6 124.4 123.0 122.5 122.5 122.4 123.5 123.1 123.1 122.6 108.1 108.5 108.7 109.0 109.4 108.6 108.6 108.7 108.5 108.4 108.4 108.4 102.8 105.5 105.6 105.6 105.7 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.0 113.4 116.0 116.9 118.4 118.3 117.2 117.0 116.4 116.9 117.2 117.1 117.0 1943: Jan. 15.... F e b .15__ Mar. 1 5 .. Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15. _ Oct. 15__ N ov.15 . . Dec. 1 5 ... 117.8 118.7 120.7 122.2 122.5 121.8 120.8 120.8 121.3 121.8 121.9 122.4 127.3 129.4 133.7 137.4 137.9 135.8 132.0 131.7 132.6 132.6 132.7 132.7 122.4 122.6 124.5 125.4 125.2 125.4 127.8 128.6 129.8 130.7 130.8 131.3 108.4 108.4 108.4 108.5 108.6 108.7 108.7 108.8 108.7 108.9 109.0 109.1 107.1 107.7 107.9 107.9 107.9 107.9 107.9 107.9 108.1 108.2 108.1 109.2 117.2 117.4 117.8 118.5 119.2 120.3 120.4 120.6 120.8 120.9 121.0 121.2 1944:Jan.1 5 ... F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15— July 15__ Aug. 1 5 .. Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ N o v .1 5 .. Dec. 15__ 121.9 121.9 122.1 122.9 123.6 123.5 124.2 123.9 124.3 124.0 124.2 124.8 1 3 0 .3 129.8 129.8 130.1 131.4 130.5 132.5 131.2 130.9 129.7 130.3 131.0 130.6 131.5 133.3 133.6 134.2 134.8 134.7 136.1 139.9 140.3 140.5 142.2 109.2 109.3 109.3 109.2 109.3 109.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 109.8 109.4 110.2 110.2 110.2 110.2 110.2 110.2 110.2 110.2 110.2 110.2 110.2 121.2 121.2 121.3 124.5 126.3 126.9 127.3 127 7 127.8 128.1 128.2 130.0 155.8 156.7 1947:Jan.1 5 ... 147.7 175.4 164.7 110.1 160.1 F eb.15__ 148.7 176.6 169.0 (2) 159.6 Mar. 15— 150.8 182.3 170.7 (2) Apr. 1 5 - 151.0 182.7 170.1 (2) May 15__ 150.5 180.7 170.0 (2) June15__ 149.5 180.0 169.0 (2) July 15__ 150.5 181.3 168.5 113.0 96.9 Oct. 15__ 157.9 193.5 181.2 119.2 98.2 100.9 1948:Jan.15__ 162.4 199.4 185.3 120.8 101.7 Apr. 15__ 163.3 197.9 187.8 121.0 102.3 July 15__ 166.3 204.4 186.4 122.2 101.1 Oct. 15— 167.5 201.1 192.0 123.7 102.4 110.9 L O S A N G E L E S , C A L IF . 116.9 124.1 126.5 1935.................. 96.4 100.3 96.7 88.4 130.3 1936.................. 97.6 99.9 92.7 96.7 139.0 1937.................. 103.1 106.0 101.6 103.3 150.5 1938.................. 101.8 97.7 102.8 107.8 1939................. 101.0 96.2 102.3 107.8 107.8 1940.............. . 101.1 97.1 103.4 106.8 108.9 1941.................. 106.2 107.7 108.0 107.0 109.7 1942.................. 119.3 131.9 126.2 109.8 110.3 1943.................. 125.4 143.3 131.2 110.0 110.3 1944.................. 127.3 141.2 137.8 110.5 110.7 1945.................. 130.9 145.6 143.2 110.8 110.5 1946.................. 141.0 166.6 154.2 111.4 111.1 1947.................. 159.0 198.6 179.7 114.7 110.6 1948.................. 169.9 212.5 194.6 122.5 113.0 114.0 1942: Jan. 15__ 113.5 120.6 119.0 108.6 114.0 Feb. 1 5 - 114.5 121.4 121.6 108.8 Mar. 15— 116.5 124.9 126.1 109.7 114.1 Apr. 1 5 - 117.1 125.2 128.0 109.9 114.6 May 15— 118.1 128.1 128.0 109.9 115.7 June15__ 118.6 129.8 127.2 109.9 116.1 July 1 5 ... 120.0 133.6 127.1 110.0 116.7 A u g .1 5 .. 121.2 136.8 127.1 110.0 116.7 Sept. 15— 121.7 137.9 127.6 110.1 117.0 Oct. 15— 122.7 140.0 127.6 110.1 117.0 Nov. 1 5 - 123.4 141.5 127.6 110.0 117.2 Dec. 15— 123.9 142.8 127.5 110.0 118.7 118.7 1943: Jan. 15__ 123.7 141.8 128.6 110.0 120.1 F eb.15__ 122.9 139.5 128.9 110.0 Mar. 1 5 .. 124.6 142.8 129.7 109.9 121.7 Apr. 1 5 - 125.9 146.2 129.8 109.9 121.8 May 15__ 125.8 146.2 129.3 109.9 121.8 June15__ 126.3 146.8 129.6 110.0 124.1 July 1 5 ... 125.2 142.4 130.7 110.0 124.5 Aug. 1 5 - 124.7 141.1 130.8 110.0 125.0 Sept. 15— 125.4 141.8 133.5 110.1 124.9 Oct. 15— 126.3 143.3 134.2 110.2 125.0 Nov. 1 5 - 126.8 144.4 134.5 110.2 125.0 Dec. 1 5 - 126.6 143.3 135.3 110.3 125.1 125.1 125.3 See footnotes on p. 61, Food Apparel Period1 JACKSONVILLE, FLA.—Continued Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation KANSAS CITY, M O.— Continued K A N S A S C IT Y . M O . All items 1945: Jan. 15— F eb.15__ Mar. 15. _ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15— Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ N o v .1 5 .. Dec. 15__ 125.1 125.1 125.1 125.6 126.3 127.1 127.4 127.6 127.0 127.0 127.4 128.0 131.6 130.6 130.3 131.5 132.4 134.4 135.0 135.4 132.8 132.9 133.8 135.3 142.8 143.9 144.2 144.4 145.7 145.9 146.4 147.3 147.6 147.7 147.4 147.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 109.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 109.7 110.2 130.4 110.2 130.7 110.2 131.2 110 2. .132.2 111.9 133.3 111.9 135.5 113.0 134.8 112.5 134.1 112.6 140.4 112.6 140.8 141.5 112.6 112.6 142.1 125.4 126.0 126.4 126.4 126.5 126.7 126.7 126.6 126.7 126.8 126.8 126.9 1946:Jan.15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15._ Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 127.9 127.3 127.7 128.5 129.0 129.4 136.4 140.4 141.1 142.1 146.8 147.0 134.5 132.6 133.6 134.0 134.9 134.8 154.4 164.3 165.3 166.6 178.0 175.4 147.2 147.1 147.6 148.2 148.8 149.6 150.4 152.7 156.1 157.6 159.5 162.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 110.0 (2) (2) 110.2 (2) (2) (2) 114.3 114.3 114.3 114.4 114.4 114.4 118.3 118.3 117.2 117.3 118.1 118.2 145.2 145.6 146.1 147.1 149.4 150.0 150.3 152.2 157.2 159.5 161.1 165.2 126.9 127.0 127.2 129.2 129.3 130.6 130.0 131.4 130.5 131.7 134.2 136.0 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.3 121.3 109.4 112.6 117.1 167.2 167.6 168.7 169.0 170.2 171.4 171.5 175.3 136.6 136.9 137.0 137.6 137.9 138.3 138.3 140.4 120.5 120.7 127.0 129.1 179.2 181.5 183.5 185.0 145.8 149.0 150.1 154.3 104.4 100.3 99.1 98.8 97.4 95.5 94.3 94.2 93.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 94.5 94.2 94.1 96.8 104.0 103.8 101.2 101.0 107.2 118.2 119.0 129.9 143.2 153.1 179.4 187.5 95.9 97.9 101.2 102.6 102.4 102.0 105.0 112.3 117.8 124.2 127.6 131.2 139.4 149.4 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 116.1 117.0 118.7 118.8 118.5 118.4 118.3 118.3 118.5 118.5 118.4 118.4 109.2 110.3 111.0 111.8 112.1 112.1 112.6 112.8 112.8 113.7 114.5 114.5 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 118.5 118.6 118.9 119.1 119.2 119.3 119.1 119.1 119.1 119.1 119.1 119.2 114.8 114.6 116.2 116.2 116.2 117.2 118.9 118.9 119.2 120.1 120.3 121.0 APPENDIX TABLES 53 T able B.— C onsum ers' P rice Index fo r M oderate-Incom e F am ilies in 34 L arge C ities, by G roup o f C om m odities, 1935-48 — C ontinued [1935-39 = 100] Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation Period1 All items 1944: Jan. 15— F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15___ Aug. 15. _ Sept. 15__ Oct. 15— N o v .15__ Dec. 15__ 126.3 125.8 126.2 126.0 127.6 126.8 126.6 127.6 128.0 128.7 128.8 129.1 142.0 140.5 140.9 138.6 142.0 139.2 138.5 141.1 141.4 143.0 143.3 143.9 135.4 135.7 136.3 137.3 137.2 137.3 137.5 138.1 139.6 139.7 139.9 139.9 110.3 110.3 110.4 110.4 110.4 110.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 110.7 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 119.7 119.8 119.8 120.2 129.9 132.3 132.6 132.9 136.5 138.4 138.4 138.0 121.5 121.7 122.2 124.3 124.6 125.0 125.2 125.2 125.2 125.3 125.3 125.3 1945: Jan. 15— F eb.15__ Mar. 15 Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15__ July 15— A ug.15_. Sept.15_Oct. 15— Nov. 15. _ Dec. 15__ 129.2 128.7 129.2 130.0 130.3 130.5 130.6 131.0 132.0 132.3 133.0 133.7 143.4 141.8 142.7 144.4 144.5 144.8 145.2 145.9 147.2 147.2 149.2 150.9 140.6 140.6 140.8 141.6 141.6 142.0 142.2 143.0 146.2 146.6 146.2 146.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 110.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 110.8 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 139.6 143.2 143.2 144.0 144.1 145.0 141.9 142.8 143.1 143.5 143.8 143.7 1946:Jan.15__ F e b .15__ Mar. 15_ _ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .1 5 .. Sept. 15_ _ Oct. 15— Nov. 15. _ Dec. 15__ 132.7 132.5 133.1 133.4 134.3 136.1 142.3 144.6 145.5 148.5 154.5 154.5 148.6 148.4 148.9 149.0 150.7 154.8 171.2 175.1 176.5 182.8 198.1 195.1 145.4 144.7 147.9 149.0 150.3 151.3 153.0 156.2 159.3 161.6 164.0 168.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 111.3 (2) 111.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 143.5 144.3 144.3 145.9 148.0 149.1 151.3 152.0 157.4 162.4 166.3 173.1 1947: Jan. 15— F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .1 5 .. Sept. 15— Oct. 15— Nov. 15— Dec. 15__ 155.3 155.9 156.9 157.4 157.6 156.3 157.2 157.8 161.6 161.3 164.1 166.0 194.3 194.1 195.5 195.7 196.7 193.8 193.8 195.4 204.2 201.9 206.7 211.1 172.5 174.9 178.5 179.5 179.5 177.1 177.5 178.4 182.9 184.2 184.3 187.1 111.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 113.7 (2) (2) (2) 118.9 (2) 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.3 176.2 179.9 180.4 181.3 179.1 176.1 178.8 176.7 179.6 180.8 181.2 182.5 125.8 125.9 1945: Mar. 15. . 126.3 June 1 5 126.7 Sept. 1 5 127.5 Dec. 15— 127.5 127.9 1946: Mar. 15 127.9 June15__ 128.2 Sept. 15— 129.2 Dec. 15__ 129.2 129.5 1947: Mar. 15. . June 15__ July 15— 129.4 129.3 Oct. 15— 129.4 129.8 1948: Jan. 15__ 129.9 Apr. 15__ July 15__ 130.1 130.5 Oct. 15— 132.2 131.3 132.7 134.4 135.2 1935.................. 1936................ . 136.2 1937.............. . 136.9 1938__________ 137.2 1939__________ 138.2 1940.................. 138.2 1941.................. 138.3 1942........ ......... 139.6 1943__________ 140.0 1944____ _____ 140.7 1945................ 141.7 1946__________ 142.4 1947__________ 142.8 1948.................. 1948: Jan. 15— F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 1 5 May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 1 5 .. Sept. 15._ Oct. 15— N o v .15.Dec. 15— 167.6 168.1 167.4 169.3 169.1 168.8 170.3 171.0 171.0 171.8 172.2 172.7 212.2 210.9 208.9 213.9 212.7 212.1 213.1 212.7 212.1 213.1 213.7 214.9 189.9 194.7 194.2 193.7 195.8 196.2 195.7 194.8 194.5 195.3 195.5 194.8 (2) 120.2 (2) (2) 120.9 (2) (2) 123.9 (2) (2) 124.8 (2) 94.3 94.3 94.3 94.3 .94.3 94.3 94.3 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 94.0 185.3 186.5 187.7 188.7 187.5 185.5 185.9 187.0 189.0 189.0 189.2 189.0 Food Apparel Rent Period1 LOS ANGELES, CALIF—Continued Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and fumish- cella neous refriger ings ation MANCHESTER, N. H .— Continued MANCHESTER, N. H . 1935.................. 1936.................. 1937__________ 1938.................. 1939.................. 1940................ . 1941.................. 1942.................. 1943.................. 1944.................. 1945.............. . 1946.................. 1947— ............ 1948.................. 99.1 100.0 102.4 99.9 98.8 -100.1 105.2 118.4 126.3 127.6 130.2 140.2 162.2 174.7 100.1 101.9 104.2 98.0 96.3 97.9 104.7 124.0 136.4 132.9 135.2 156.6 191.6 209 3 99.0 99.2 101.7 100.6 99.3 100.6 105.7 125.8 132.1 142.2 148.6 157.6 178.3 189.8 99.8 99.3 99.7 100.3 101.0 102.3 104.5 107.4 107.7 107.9 107.8 108.4 109.0 111.1 97.1 98.0 104.3 102.1 98.5 102.5 107.0 117.0 123.5 126.0 126.1 124.9 135.2 154.3 96.3 96.6 102.0 103.1 101.9 100.1 105.0 120.2 123.2 137.5 148.8 163.9 188.8 199.5 1942: Mar. 15-_ 115.6 118.7 124.9 107.2 111.7 120.3 All items 1942: June 15__ 119.1 Sept. 15— 120.2 Dec. 15__ 122.8 125.3 126.8 132.3 127.7 127.5 127.6 107.5 107.6 107.7 114.9 119.5 121.2 121.2 120.9 120.8 111.9 111.9 112.9 1943: Mar. 1 5 June15__ Sept. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 126.2 128.5 125.5 126.4 137.8 143.4 133.9 133.8 130.4 130.4 134.0 136.6 107.6 107.6 107.8 107.8 123.4 123.5 123.5 124.3 121.4 122.6 124.3 126.4 114.3 114.0 115.8 118.1 1944: Mar. 15— June15__ Sept. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 126.3 126.8 129.0 129.3 132.0 130.9 134.2 133.6 140.1 141.7 143.8 146.4 107.8 107.9 108.0 (2) 124.7 125.7 127.4 127.4 128.6 136.6 145.2 146.4 118.7 120.5 121.4 122.1 128.9 131.3 130.0 131.0 132.7 137.4 134.9 137.3 146.5 147.8 150.3 151.3 107.8 (2) 107.8 (2) 127.5 127.9 122.5 122.2 146.2 148.4 149.6 153.1 122.2 122.6 122.1 121.6 131.0 134.7 147.0 156.5 136.4 144.4 170.0 186.7 153.0 154.0 161.2 167.5 108.2 (2) 108.5 (2) 121.4 122.0 127.5 128.6 155.6 160.4 167.7 181.3 121.8 122.4 124.6 131.7 158.1 160.4 162.1 166.1 186.8 190.3 192.6 198.0 174.9 176.1 179.1 184.0 (2) 108.6 (2) 109.6 128.7 131.5 132.4 139.5 186.3 187.4 188.1 193.0 133.5 135.6 137.2 138.4 172.5 172.0 178.1 176.5 208.8 204.9 218.4 210.4 185.7 190.2 191.4 192.6 110.0 110.3 111.4 111.7 153.4 151.7 152.8 157.2 195.0 196.3 200.0 204.9 140.7 143.5 144.8 147.6 98.6 99.4 120.9 100.3 98.8 98.9 104.7 117.5 126.7 128.9 131.4 140.5 164.0 174.6 103.3 102.0 105.8 96.1 92.7 93.3 103.8 125.8 145.5 144.6 148.1 171.3 211.6 224.4 96.4 97.6 102.7 102.1 101.2 102.0 108.1 131.8 138.0 145.2 149.2 158.4 194.9 209.5 93.3 96.8 101.4 104.1 104.4 105.7 110.1 115.1 115.7 116.0 115.6 115.3 119.5 127.2 99.8 100.9 102.4 101.2 95.8 94.2 96.4 103.5 104.3 105.2 106.2 109.2 119.3 130.9 92.3 94.8 103.9 105.0 104.0 102.0 108.9 123.8 125.1 134.7 140.7 143.8 162.4 180.3 98.3 99.2 100.7 100.8 101.0 100.6 102.9 107.0 112.4 118.0 120.1 122.6 131.9 138.6 114.8 117.4 119.3 122.3 117.8 124.1 129.7 137.1 130.8 133.0 134.2 134.5 114.6 115.3 115.7 115.6 104.1 104.1 104.1 104.4 124.2 124.4 123.9 123.9 106.7 107.1 107.1 108.1 125.6 127.0 128.4 127.7 144.8 148.3 148.2 144.5 135.3 136.5 140.7 142.1 115.5 115.6 115.8 115.9 104.4 104.2 104.2 104.7 124.3 124.7 125.7 126.6 110.7 111.0 114.5 115.8 126.9 129.2 130.2 130.2 141.0 144.7 146.5 145.6 144.2 145.1 146.0 147.0 116.0 116.0 116.1 (2) 104.9 105.2 105.4 105.4 127.5 138.1 138.5 139.0 116.4 118.0 119.3 119.6 1945: Mar. 15— 129.1 98.8 June15__ 132.0 98.8 Sept. 1 5 - 131.6 Dec. 15— 133.3 101.0 100.8 100.7 1916: Mar. 15— 132.5 101.1 June 1 5 - 134.5 105.4 Sept. 15— 146.2 111.7 Dec. 15__ 156.3 115.1 120.3 1947: Mar. 15— 158.8 122.2 June15__ 160.6 124.3 Sept. 1 5 - 169.0 Dec. 15__ 173.5 136.1 144.8 1948: Mar. 1 5 - 172.4 111.2 144.4 149.8 148.1 151.8 147.7 148.7 149.8 152.3 115.7 (2) 115.4 (2) 105.5 106.3 106.6 106.6 138.1 139.7 142.6 144.0 120.0 120.2 120.2 120.3 148.8 153.6 185.3 206.0 153.2 155.2 158.8 173.0 115.3 (2) 115.2 (2) 107.3 107.4 111.2 112.1 140.6 143.9 142.7 149.8 121.3 121.4 122.5 127.4 205.1 205.1 220.5 229.7 185.7 195.1 204.6 205.2 H15.6 (2) *120.5 124.5 113.8 116.2 122.8 127.0 157.6 159.0 168.7 171.7 130.1 131.7 133.5 134.5 219.9 209.8 126.1 128.0 181.2 136.6 145.7 1942: Mar. 1 5 June15__ 145.9 Sept. 15— 146.0 Dec. 15__ 146.8 146.5 1943: Mar. 15— 146.3 June 15__ €50.2 Sept. 15— 151.7 Dec. 15__ 152.4 153.6 153.4 1944: Mar. 15— June 1 5 154.1 Sept. 15— Dec. 15__ MEMPHIS, TENN. See footnotes on p . 61. CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES 54 T able B.— Consumers’ Price Index for Moderate-Income Families in 34 Large Cities, by Group o f Commodities, 1935-48— Continued [1935-39 = 100] Period 1 All items Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric- House- Misity, and furnish cellaneous refriger- ings ation Period1 128.1 135.0 135.0 180.4 180.7 182.6 137.2 141.4 141.5 102.3 104.1 108.6 108.2 108.3 108.8 108.9 111.0 116.4 98.7 101.4 103.8 106.0 109.5 110.5 114.4 125.3 141.1 100.3 108.8 124.2 124.9 137.4 144.3 159.5 188.6 195.3 121.1 122.6 122.4 122.6 107.9 110.5 108.3 108.2 103.8 103.9 103.9 103.9 124.6 124.6 124.3 124.4 134.2 138.7 133.6 132.9 124.4 124.6 127.4 127.9 108.2 108.2 108.2 108.2 104.1 106.6 106.8 108.5 124.5 124.6 125.1 125.6 121.6 123.8 124.3 124.3 131.9 135.5 135.5 135.2 130.2 130.3 133.4 133.9 108.3 108.3 108.3 (*> 109.2 109.6 109.9 109.5 127.4 142.7 142.6 142.7 1945: Mar. 1 5 .. June15__ Sept. 1 5 .. Dec. 15__ 124.2 127.0 126.6 127.2 133.8 141.0 137.8 139.1 135.7 135.9 140.4 140.1 108.8 108.8 109.5 110.1 111.5 111.6 142.5 143.6 145.0 147.6 1946: Mar. 1 5 .. June15__ Sept. 15— Dec. 15__ 127.1 131.2 142.8 150.6 136.5 144.3 170.3 179.7 147.0 150.7 157.5 173.6 108.8 109.0 111.8 112.9 117.2 117.4 147.4 150.9 168.1 183.4 1947: Mar. 1 5 .. June15__ A u g .15._ Nov. 15— 154.5 156.6 159.0 164.0 186.9 190.8 196.8 200.7 180.3 184.3 183.3 191.9 109.2 114.7 119.1 122.6 131.8 132.9 187.7 189.0 185.5 193.1 1948: Feb. 15__ May 15__ A u g .15— Nov. 15. . 166.9 171.1 174.5 171.2 203.4 213.7 218.8 207.5 198.0 200.0 200.8 201.4 115.5 116.0 116.7 117.3 135.0 139.4 145.2 145.8 195.9 194.0 196.4 195.3 226.7 227.8 217.9 209.0 210.5 210.5 174.7 177.1 174.3 1940.................. 1941.................. 1942.................. 1943__________ 1944.................. 1945.................. 1946.................. 98.7 103.9 114.7 121.3 123.3 126.0 136.0 158.0 170.8 95.0 104.0 120.7 134.9 134.2 137.4 156.5 191.8 211.0 99.3 104.1 121.4 125.6 131.4 137.5 154.4 184.3 199.7 1942: Mar. 1 5 .. 112.7 June 15__ 115.7 Sept. 15_ 115.3 Dec. 15__ 118.2 116.0 122.0 121.0 128.6 1943: Mar. 1 5 .. June 15__ Sept. 1 5 .. Dec. 15__ 120.7 122.7 121.4 121.5 1944: Mar. 1 5 .. June15__ Sept. 15_ Dec. 15__ 126.8 128.0 129.5 MILWAUKEE WIS. 1943: Apr. 15— May 15— June 15— July 15— A u g .1 5 .. Sept. 15— Oct. 15— Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 121.0 121.8 121.9 121.0 120.8 121.0 121.7 121.7 122.1 96.8 98.5 102.8 101.4 100.5 100.8 106.0 115.9 121.0 122.2 124.4 135.5 156.4 170.5 99.2 100.8 104.9 97.9 97.2 97.2 106.6 121.8 132.0 129.6 132.0 153.0 185.5 202.7 98.5 98.5 102.6 101.2 99.2 100.8 106.4 123.8 124.8 135.6 141.5 160.2 190.8 205.1 91.9 94.6 100.9 105.4 107.2 108.0 108.4 109.7 110.0 110.3 110.3 110.9 116.3 125.7 101.4 101.3 101.4 99.1 96.7 96.5 97.4 98.8 101.6 103.8 103.3 106.6 118.7 137.0 93.4 94.6 103.9 104.6 103.5 103.2 109.2 123.5 125.4 132.0 140.6 156.3 181.6 193.4 1942: Jan. 15__ Feb. 1 5 Mar. 15. _ Apr. 15__ M ay 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 15— Sept. 15. _ Oct. 15__ Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 111.9 112.7 114.3 114.7 115.9 115.9 116.1 116.4 116.8 118.0 118.9 119.2 114.9 115.4 117.3 118.0 116.1 117.8 124.2 125.2 12 0 .9 1 2 5 .6 121.4 122.1 122.9 123.3 126.6 128.9 129.9 124.5 124.0 124.3 125.7 125.8 125.9 126.0 109.1 109.2 109.3 109.4 109.5 109.5 109.7 109.9 110.1 110.4 110.3 109.9 98.8 98.8 98.8 98.4 98.5 98.6 98.9 98.9 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 120.8 121.9 123.6 124.1 123.8 123.4 123.8 123.4 124.2 124.3 124.3 124.3 100.3 103.2 110.3 114.9 1944: Jan.15__ 120.8 117.7 Feb. 1 5 - 121.1 119.9 Mar. 15— 121.3 124.9 Apr. 15__ 121.7 136.8 May 15__ 122.2 146.8 June15__ 122.2 July 15__ 123.0 108.9 Aug. 1 5 - 122.7 109.7 Sept. 1 5 - 122.6 111.6 Oct. 15— 123.0 112.7 Nov. 1 5 - 122.9 Dec. 15__ 123.2 114.1 115.0 1945: Jan. 15— 123.3 115.6 F eb.15__ 123.2 116.1 Mar. 15— 123.1 Apr. 15__ 123.2 116.5 May 15__ 123.9 117.9 June15__ 124.6 118.4 July 15__ 125.0 119.2 Aug. 1 5 - 124.9 Sept. 15— 125.1 119.5 Oct. 15__ 125.2 120.0 Nov. 15— 125.6 120.1 Dec. 15__ 126.1 120.6 1946: Jan.15__ 126.3 120.6 F eb.15__ 126.0 123.9 Mar. 15— 126.1 125.4 Apr. 15__ 126.5 134.1 May 15__ 127.5 June15__ 129.4 135.8 July 15__ 138.0 135.7 Aug. 1 5 - 139.5 135.1 Sept. 15— 142.4 140.4 Oct. 15— 145.9 Nov. 1 5 - 148.8 144.0 Dec. 15__ 149.7 144.8 148.7 1947: Jan. 15__ 148.3 150.0 F eb.15__ 149.0 Mar. 15— 151.6 Apr. 15__ 151.4 May 15__ 151.5 June15__ 152.9 95.9 Sept. 1 5 - 162.1 98.0 Dee. 15__ 166.2 101.8 103.0 101.2 1948: Mar. 1 5 - 167.7 June15__ 171.4 101.3 Sept. 1 5 - 173.8 105.8 Dec. 15__ 170.8 114.0 117.6 120.9 123.0 127.1 1935 98.8 139.9 1936.................. 98.6 154.7 1937.................. 102.6 1938.................. 100.5 111.2 1939.................. 99.5 112.4 1940.................. 99.2 113.5 1941 107.2 113.6 1942.................. 120.4 114.6 1943.................. 126.7 114.7 1944.................. 127.8 114.4 1945.................. 129.7 114.5 194fi 138.9 114.4 1947.................. 161.9 114.4 1948.................. 173.3 115.0 115.0 1943: Jan. 15__ Feb. 1 5 Mar. 1 5 .. 119.0 119.6 121.0 129.1 130.7 133.0 126.2 126.4 127.5 109.9 109.9 109.8 99.8 100.0 100.0 124.4 124.0 125.0 115.1 115.1 117.3 1947 194ft ( 2) 108.7 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) M IN N E A P O L IS , MINN 1935 ...... 1936 ...... 1937 ...... 1938.................. 1939.................. 1940 ...... 1941 ...... 1942 ...... 1943 ...... 1944.................. 1945.................. 1946.................. 1947.................. 1948.................. Food Apparel Fuel, electric House- Mis Rent ity, and furnish cella neous refriger ings ation MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.— Continued MEMPHIS TENN.— Continued 1948: June 15__ Sept. 15_ Dec. 15__ All items See footnotes on p. 61 133.5 134.9 134.1 131.3 130.4 130.4 132.3 132.2 132.3 127.7 127.1 127.7 128.1 128.3 129.7 130.2 130.5 131.9 109.9 109.9 110.0 110.0 110.0 110.1 110.1 110.1 110.3 100.0 101.5 101.9 1A1i .yA lu 102.5 102.5 102.5 102.5 103.8 125.2 125.5 125.8 1OA A 1ZO.U 126.2 125.5 125.6 125.6 125.9 116.2 117.2 118.2 1tlo.4 O A x 118.6 118.9 118.8 118.8 118.8 128.3 128.9 128.7 128.9 129.5 129.0 131.3 130.5 129.7 130.4 130.0 130.4 132.4 133.2 135.0 135.0 135.4 135.7 135.7 135.9 136.5 137.4 137.6 138.0 110.2 110.3 110.2 110.3 110.3 110.3 110.3 110.3 110.4 103.8 104.0 104.0 104.1 104.9 104.9 104.9 103.1 103.1 103.1 103.1 103.1 126.5 127.1 128.3 132.2 132.3 132.5 132.5 132.5 134.2 134.7 135.2 135.7 119.0 119.1 119.1 120.2 120.8 121.2 121.3 121.6 122.0 122.1 122.1 122.4 130.7 129.7 129.3 129.5 131.2 133.0 133.7 133.2 132.6 132.6 133.7 135.1 138.1 140.1 140.1 140.2 140.5 141.1 141.5 141.2 143.6 143.9 144.1 143.9 (2) (2) 110.2 102.6 102.6 102.6 102.6 102.6 103.1 103.3 104.2 104.0 104.1 104.2 104.3 135.9 138.6 138.7 138.8 138 9 138.9 139.4 139.8 143.8 144.1 144.7 146.1 122.5 122.6 122.6 123.0 123.0 123.0 123.1 123.2 123.3 123.4 123.4 123.4 134.3 132.5 131.8 133.0 134.9 137.5 160.9 163.3 167.9 177.6 181.7 180.2 146.5 148.2 152.1 152.8 153.8 158.0 158.7 160.9 167.7 169.9 175.6 178.8 104.7 105.1 105.1 103.1 103.6 103.6 107.3 107.6 109.0 109.0 110.1 110.7 147.1 148.1 148.7 149.8 151.7 153.4 153.5 156.7 163.9 165.0 167.5 169.9 123.9 124.0 123.6 123.6 124.2 126.4 126.8 127.9 128.8 129.0 131.9 135.1 174.0 174.6 181.3 179.6 179.0 182.6 197.2 199.3 185.3 185.4 186.7 187.0 187.0 188.1 194.7 200.8 119.6 122.4 111.7 112.2 112.6 112.7 114.5 114.9 124.1 129.0 173.8 173.9 175.1 176.9 177.3 178.9 186.9 |192.2 135.5 135.7 136.2 137.1 137.5 1Q lotV. OK 141.8 148.0 198.1 206.2 206.0 195.6 207.2 204.5 205.9 204.2 123.1 125.9 126.6 129.8 131.0 139.2 139.6 142.8 195.9 190.7 195.2 191.7 150.8 152.4 159.9 159.5 102.3 99.8 100.4 99.7 97.8 95.6 98.1 103.1 105.2 103.9 103.3 105.6 119.5 128.4 92.0 96.4 105.5 103.3 102.8 102.0 107.7 120.9 121.5 136.8 139.5 150.6 170.2 176.2 98.5 98.0 101.0 101.7 100.8 98.9 103.6 ( 2) (2) (2) ( 2) ( 2) (2 ( 2) ( 2) 110.3 ( 2) (2) (2) (2) ( 2) 110.6 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 111.0 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 111.4 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) MOBILE, ALA. 100.2 100.3 105.5 97.6 96.3 96.5 109.0 131.0 146.6 144.5 147.1 164.5 201.0 217.0 99.2 97.4 101.9 101.6 99.8 100.6 107.2 125.7 128.3 134.5 139.0 154.4 182.9 202.2 96.2 97.0 99.4 103.2 104.2 106.6 115.7 120.4 114.0 114.6 114.9 114.4 118.3 123.6 1 1 1 .0 115.4 119.0 119.9 122.7 132.2 140.8 [1935-39 = 100] by Group o f Commodities, 1935-48— Continued T able B.— Consumers’ Price Index for Moderate-Income Families in 34 Large Cities, 56 CONSUMERS’ p r ic e s in th e u n it e d states T able B.— Consumers’ Price Index for Moderate-Income Families in 34 Large Cities, by Group of Commodities, 1935-48— Continued [1935-39 = 100] Period1 All items Food Apparel Fuel, electric- House- MisRent ity, and furnish- cellarefriger- ings neous ation Period1 All items NEW YORK, N. Y.— Continued 164.9 167.7 173.9 117.1 117.0 117.1 117.3 115.6 116.9 117.5 120.5 124.4 124.7 125.8 126.2 176.2 176.7 177.6 175.4 175.0 173.2 174.4 174.9 176.4 179.1 180.6 181.2 127.1 127.6 128.3 128.3 129.0 130.0 131.0 132.9 133.3 133.2 133.4 133.3 184.9 184.6 184.9 184.2 182.7 183.1 184.1 186.7 187.5 188.2 188.2 187.4 99.8 101.6 96.9 100.1 1935__________ 1936 ___ 100.1 102.4 97.7 98.8 1937 ___ 102.2 105.0 102.5 99.5 96.7 102.3 99.6 101.0 1938.................. 98.3 1939.................. 94.2 100.5 101.6 98.9 1940.................. 95.0 102.9 102.9 1941................. 107.5 107.4 109.4 110.7 1942.................. 121.1 129.3 128.7 112.2 1943__________ 129.8 147.6 133.6 108.7 1944 ...... 130.5 143.1 139.4 108.8 1945 ...... 132.5 143.8 143.5 109.2 1946 ...... 141.9 164.6 155.6 109.2 1947 ...... 163.1 202.9 176.1 110.8 172.0 213.9 1948 ............................................................ 193.0 114.0 101.4 100.3 100.0 99.4 98.9 94.4 108.0 114.2 116.0 118.4 120.2 121.1 128.8 145.6 97.7 97.5 103.1 102.1 99.5 99.9 108.2 123.4 129.0 139.3 144.2 157.9 181.1 191.5 1942: Mar. 15— June15__ Sept. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 120.5 120.3 122.1 124.4 126.7 128.5 131.9 136.4 127.3 130.9 130.4 130.7 119.5 108.7 108.7 108.7 113.4 114.0 114.4 114.9 123.5 123.9 123.8 123.8 1943: Mar. 1 5 June15__ Sept. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 128.6 131.4 131.1 130.2 144.5 151.7 149.7 145.1 132.1 132.6 135.5 136.0 108.9 108.6 108.6 108.7 116.2 116.0 116.0 117.4 128.5 129.1 129.6 131.1 1944: Mar. 15— June15__ Sept. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 130.0 130.3 130.6 131.6 143.7 142.0 141.1 143.2 137.9 139.5 140.7 141.1 108.8 108.6 108.9 109.1 117.4 117.8 119.5 119.7 132.6 140.8 143.0 145.6 1945: Mar. 15— June 15__ Sept. 15— Dec. 15__ 131.2 132.3 133.1 134.0 141.4 143.4 144.1 145.2 141.4 143.8 144.1 146.4 109.2 (2) 119.7 120.3 120.5 120.5 142.5 142.5 143.2 150.2 1946: Mar. 15— June 1 5 Sept. 1 5 Dec. 15—_ 133.8 135.2 148.8 157.6 144.5 146.0 177.4 195.0 146.7 152.3 163.8 165.9 109.3 109.2 120.9 120.1 122.2 122.5 148.2 153.8 164.0 173.2 1947: Mar. 1 5 June15__ A u g .15— Nov. 15— 160.9 160.9 163.6 168.2 199.8 198.0 203.2 210.6 171.0 (2) 175.1 U 09.3 178.7 ( 2) 182.5 113.4 125.3 125.3 130.7 137.5 179.0 182.9 182.8 182.0 1948: Feb. 1 5 May 15— Aug. 15 — Nov. 15— 170.1 171.9 176.2 174.0 210.2 213.3 220.5 211.8 189.9 194.4 196.3 197.0 141.5 143.3 147.8 149.9 189.5 189.7 195.3 196.2 186.7 188.6 186.1 184.0 187.9 193.1 1947: Jan. 15.._ F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug.15_ _ Sept. 15__ Oct. 15__ Nov. 15— Dec. 15__ 154.6 154.2 157.4 156.8 155.6 156.9 157.5 158.6 161.9 161.7 163.3 164.9 183.5 182.1 189.5 187.3 184.8 187.9 191.7 194.3 203.0 200.6 203.9 206.1 193.6 195.2 198.1 199.6 200.5 201.2 191.6 190.8 188.9 189.4 189.7 191.7 1948: Jan. 15— F eb.15__ Mar. 15__ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15— Sept. 15_ Oct. 15__ Nov.15__ Dec. 15—_ 167.1 166.4 164.3 167.0 167.5 169.1 172.6 173.3 173.3 171.7 171.0 169.2 209.7 206.7 201.2 208.6 210.0 213.9 217.9 216.9 216.2 211.5 208.7 204.3 192.1 194.6 196.2 195.5 195.9 195.9 196.8 200.3 202.9 202.1 202.2 200.7 n (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 104.1 (2) (2) 105.6 (2) (2) 106.5 (2) (2) 106.6 (2) (2) 107.1 (2) (2) 107.5 (2) ( 2) O R P o n r. v a ( 2) 109.1 ( 2) (2) 113.6 114.1 115.2 115.5 Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella neous refriger ings ation PHILADELPHIA, PA. 116.2 116.5 116.6 1946: Oct. 15__ 152.8 Nov. 15__ 154.3 Dec. 15__ 155.2 Food 133.7 134.6 139.8 1935............. . 98.8 1936......... ....... 100.1 1937__________ 102.5 1938........ ......... 100.1 140.7 1939__________ 98.5 140.3 1940.............. 98.7 140.5 1941__________ 103.6 141.2 1942— ............ 115.3 139.9 1943— ............ 122.7 140.1 1944__________ 124.4 140.6 1945— ............ 127.4 140.6 1946............ —_ 138.4 140.9 1947.................. 158.4 141.9 1948____ _____ 170.9 143.1 145.5 1942: Jan. 15— 110.6 F eb.15__ 111.2 147.7 Mar. 15— 112.7 Apr. 15__ 113.8 148.1 May 15__ 114.7 146.7 146.7 June15__ 114.9 146.3 July 15__ 116.3 146.7 Aug.15_ _ 116.7 155.3 Sept. 15— 116.9 157.7 Oct. 15__ 117.7 Nov. 1 5 - 118.8 157.0 Dec. 15__ 119.7 157.8 159.4 159.6 1943: Jan. 15 „_ 119.9 F eb.15__ 119.7 Mar. 15— 121.4 Apr. 15__ 124.3 May 15__ 124.8 98.9 June15__ 123.8 99.6 July 15__ 122.6 100.5 A u g .15-_ 122.5 100.7 Sept. 15_ 122.7 100.3 Oct. 15__ 123.6 101.1 Nov. 1 5 - 123.0 104.9 Dec. 15__ 123.6 115.5 123.9 1944: Jan. 15— 123.4 128.1 F eb .15__ 123.0 132.1 Mar. 15— 122.7 134.9 Apr. 15—. 123.5 143.8 May 15__ 123.7 148.3 June 15__ 124.8 July 15__ 124.9 112.6 Aug. 1 5 - 125.5 114.9 Sept. 15— 125.5 117.8 Oct. 15__ 125.0 120.3 Nov. 1 5 - 125.0 Dec. 15__ 125.9 123.4 123.7 1945: Jan. 15—_ 126.0 124.0 F eb .15__ 126.5 126.4 Mar. 15 — 126.0 Apr. 15__ 126.0 126.5 May 15__ 127.3 128.4 June15__ 127.8 129.2 July 15__ 128.4 129.5 Aug. 1 5 - 128.4 Sept. 15_ _ 128.0 131.2 Oct. 15__ 127.8 131.5 Nov. 1 5 - 128.2 133.7 Dec. 15__ 128.6 133.1 1946: Jan. 15__ 128.8 133.6 F eb .15__ 128.3 133.6 Mar. 15— 129.4 133.6 Apr. 15__ 130.2 141.7 May 15__ 131.0 June15__ 132.5 143.5 July 15__ 140.0 143.3 Aug. 1 5 - 143.7 143.4 Sept. 15_ . 146.0 145.3 Oct. 15__ 147.8 Nov. 1 5 - 150.5 147.1 Dec. 15__ 152.5 147.2 150.2 152.0 See footnotes on p. 61 100.1 102.5 105.7 97.2 94.4 94.1 102.4 121.3 135.8 134.0 137.1 156.8 189.2 205.3 96.4 97.6 101.9 104.0 100.1 101.3 105.9 124.0 129.0 138.9 146.8 157.6 181.9 193.3 97.2 97.8 100.1 102.2 102.7 103.2 104.7 106.6 106.7 106.8 106.9 107.3 111.3 118.0 101.3 101.3 100.5 99.1 97.7 98.0 101.5 103.4 106.1 109.4 111.6 117.8 126.3 138.4 94.0 95.9 103.9 105.1 101.1 102.3 107.2 121.1 123.8 134.7 144.7 160.0 183.2 198.9 98.9 99.4 99.9 100.9 100.8 101.1 103.9 111.1 115.1 119.0 120.8 125.5 137.9 147.8 113.9 114.5 115.5 117.5 119.4 119.7 122.9 124.0 123.9 125.8 128.2 130.5 114.0 116.0 123.5 126.2 125.8 126.0 126.2 126.1 126.1 126.2 126.2 125.9 106.0 106.0 106.5 106.8 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.7 103.4 103.4 103.4 101.9 103.5 103.5 103.7 103.7 103.7 103.7 103.7 103.7 117.5 118.5 120.9 121.3 121.7 121.6 121.7 121.8 122.0 122.1 122.2 122.4 108.4 108.9 109.5 109.9 110.5 111.0 111.5 111.2 112.6 112.7 113.6 113.6 130.2 129.6 133.5 140.5 141.6 139.2 135.8 135.3 135.2 137.1 135.4 136.1 126.0 125.9 127.3 127.6 127.7 127.5 128.7 129.7 131.4 131.6 131.8 132.3 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.8 105.8 105.9 105.9 105.9 105.9 105.8 105.8 105.8 105.8 105.8 105.8 108.6 122.4 122.6 122.7 123.0 123.4 123.9 124.2 124.3 124.6 124.7 124.8 125.0 114.3 114.4 114.5 114.7 114.8 114.8 115.0 115.0 115.3 116.2 116.2 116.2 135.0 133.3 131.9 132.5 132.8 134.5 134.8 136.1 134.7 133.5 133.3 135.0 132.9 133.3 136.1 136.2 137.3 138.5 138.9 139.5 143.2 143.4 143.5 144.0 106.8 106.8 106.8 106.8 106.8 106.7 106.7 106.7 106.8 108.6 110.7 110.4 110.4 109.0 109.0 109.0 109.0 109.1 109.1 109.2 109.2 125.2 125.7 126.0 132.3 133.7 137.7 138.1 138.7 139.1 139.1 139.2 141.2 116.9 117.0 117.0 118.9 119.1 119.7 119.6 119.7 119.8 120.1 120.3 120.5 135.1 135.9 134.3 134.2 137.7 138.8 139.2 138.9 137.6 137.2 137.9 138.7 144.1 144.7 144.9 145.4 145.9 145.5 146.8 147.4 148.9 149.1 149.3 150.1 (2) (2) 109.3 110.4 110.5 109.4 109.2 109.5 113.2 113.3 113.5 113.4 113.3 113.8 141.5 142.9 144.2 144.7 144.1 144.2 143.4 144.2 146.1 146.2 146.6 147.8 120.7 120.7 120.7 121.0 120.8 121.1 121.2 121.2 120.7 120.5 120.5 120.5 138.9 137.6 139.0 139.6 141.0 143.5 160.8 169.2 172.6 176.2 181.6 181.8 149.9 149.7 151.5 152.1 153.3 156.0 156.5 157.7 162.4 163.5 165.6 173.2 115.0 115.0 115.0 114.9 114.9 115.0 119.8 119.8 121.2 121.2 121.1 121.2 148.0 149.0 150.9 153.2 155.1 158.5 159.1 160.7 166.7 168.7 171.7 178.4 120.5 120.5 121.9 123.8 124.3 124.9 125.7 126.6 127.0 128.1 129.2 133.3 (2) (2) (2) 106.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 106.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 107.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) 107.3 (2) (2) (2) ( 2) APPENDIX TABLES 57 T a b le B .— Consum ers’ P rice Index fo r M oderate-Incom e F am ilies in 34 L arge C ities, b y G roup o f C om m odities, 1935-48 — C ontinued [1935-39 = 100] Period1 All items Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and fumish- cella neous refriger ings ation Period 1 All items Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation PITTSBURGH, PA.— Continued PHILADELPHIA, PA.—Continued 1947: Jan.15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug.15_ _ Sept. 15._ Oct. 15__ Nov. 15— Dec. 15__ 152.3 151.6 156.1 154.9 155.1 157.1 158.3 159.5 163.2 162.2 164.2 166.3 179.7 177.2 185.8 181.9 183.4 187.1 188.9 191.7 199.8 196.2 197.5 201.8 176.3 177.1 180.9 181.1 180.2 182.3 181.8 181.8 183.4 184.8 185.8 186.8 (2) 107.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) 110.5 (2) (2) (2) 116.3 (2) 122.8 125.2 125.2 125.2 122.4 122.7 124.3 127.8 129.1 129.8 130.4 130.4 179.5 179.7 179.8 180.2 180.2 180.2 182.2 182.1 186.3 186.4 189.0 193.0 133.3 133.2 136.6 137.9 137.4 138.9 138.5 158.3 139.0 139.5 140.7 141.6 1945: Jan. 15— F eb .15__ Mar. 15 — Apr. 1 5 May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15._ Sept. 15_ _ Oct. 15— N o v .15— Dec. 15__ 128.1 128.0 127.6 128.1 128.9 130.5 130.7 130.2 129.9 130.0 130.0 130.9 136.4 135.6 133.8 135.4 137.1 141.2 142.4 141.3 139.6 140.0 139.7 140.3 164.9 165.6 166.3 166.0 166.4 166.7 166.8 164.8 168.7 169.1 169.8 175.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 107.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 107.5 112.1 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.7 111.9 111.8 112.1 112.2 112.1 112.1 112.1 139.8 143.1 145.5 145.7 147.6 147.8 142.8 143.2 142.8 143.1 144.1 144.2 119.6 119.6 119.9 120.0 120.0 120.0 119.9 120.1 119.8 119.4 119.6 119.8 1948: Jan. 15__ Feb. 1 5 Mar. 15— Apr. 1 5 May 15__ June 15__ July 15__ A u g .15— Sept. 15_ Oct. 15— Nov. 15— Dec. 15__ 168.4 166.6 165.5 169.3 170.4 172.1 172.9 174.8 174.8 174.1 171.7 170.6 205.6 199.3 196.3 202.8 205.0 209.4 210.9 212.5 212.0 208.4 202.0 199.3 188.6 191.5 191.6 191.3 193.8 193.2 193.3 194.2 195.0 195.8 196.0 195.5 (2) 117.3 (2) (2) 118.1 (2) (2) 119.2 (2) (2) 119.8 (2) 135.1 135.1 135.1 135.1 135.1 136.1 136.1 142.6 142.6 142.6 142.6 142.6 190.5 193.6 195.9 198.0 196.7 197.1 198.9 202.7 204.6 204.9 202.5 201.7 142.4 1946: Jan. 15— 142.2 Feb. 1 5 142.1 Mar. 15 __ 147.7 Apr. 1 5 147.4 May 15__ 147.4 June15__ 148.2 July 15__ 149.7 Aug. 15— 150.0 Sept. 15— 152.1 Oct. 15— 152.3 Nov. 15— 152.6 Dec. 15__ 131.4 131.0 131.2 131.8 132.2 134.7 142.8 145.9 147.4 149.4 153.8 155.4 141.0 140.4 141.4 142.5 142.8 147.1 167.6 174.0 176.9 179.3 188.4 187.7 175.2 172.9 170.4 171.8 172.8 175.7 178.9 181.3 185.4 191.7 197.6 200.3 (2) (2) 107.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 107.6 (2) (2) (2) 112.8 112.7 112.8 112.8 112.8 114.1 115.8 115.9 116.9 116.9 116.9 116.8 144.6 145.8 146.7 150.1 152.2 155.2 157.0 159.1 158.3 162.5 164.6 172.7 120.5 120.4 120.9 120.9 121.4 123.6 123.4 125.0 124.9 126.1 128.2 133.3 1947: Jan. 15— F eb .15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 1 5 May 15__ June 15__ July 15__ Aug. 15— Sept. 15-_ Oct. 15— Nov. 15— Dec. 15__ 156.0 156.5 159.2 159.0 159.6 161.1 162.6 164.9 168.2 167.8 168.1 170.2 185.2 185.6 192.0 189.9 192.4 196.9 199.9 202.0 209.8 206.1 205.2 209.6 205.0 207.9 211.2 210.5 210.7 209.1 207.8 212.2 216.1 217.1 218.3 219.3 (2) (2) (2) 108.5 (2) (2) (2) 112.2 (2) 114.6 (2) (2) 120.1 120.1 120.1 120.7 120.7 120.8 127.0 127.0 127.6 127.6 129.2 132.4 180.7 180.8 182.2 182.6 181.1 179.4 183.6 189.3 189.5 191.6 192.4 193.6 135.0 135.3 135.5 136.9 136.3 136.5 136.6 136.6 137.0 138.2 139.6 140.6 172.3 170.1 170.1 171.9 173.5 175.7 177.8 178.3 178.3 177.1 175.9 174.9 212.8 205.4 204.8 209.8 213.7 219.6 222.3 220.9 219.5 215.1 211.0 208.0 216.5 220.0 221.4 221.9 222.4 224.0 224.2 229.1 232.8 233.2 234.6 234.1 115.9 (2) (2) 115.9 (2) (2) 118.5 (2) (2) 119.0 (2) (2) 132.9 133.0 132.9 132.9 134.4 134.4 137.2 138.8 138.8 138.8 138.8 139.7 193.7 196.0 198.8 199.2 200.9 200.0 203.0 203.7 205.0 205.3 205.7 205.4 144.8 144.4 144.0 143.8 143.9 143.8 145.0 146.5 146.6 147.7 148.1 148.5 PITTSBURGH, PA. 107.5 107.6 111.3 117.7 98.8 99.4 100.9 100.3 100.6 101.6 105.3 108.0 110.3 111.9 112.1 114.8 124.4 136.0 95.3 95.5 103.7 103.5 102.0 102.0 108.8 121.7 123.9 133.1 144.1 155.7 185.6 201.4 118.0 123.0 125.8 126.5 126.7 126.2 126.8 126.7 128.2 127.9 128.2 128.1 107.0 107.1 107.1 107.1 108.8 108.8 107.6 107.5 107.3 107.3 107.3 107.3 106.7 106.7 106.8 106.8 108.4 108.4 108.4 108.4 108.4 108.4 108.4 109.6 119.1 121.5 122.4 122.4 122.3 121.5 122.2 121.3 122.1 122.0 121.9 121.8 133.4 133.8 137.2 139.4 142.4 142.3 138.9 137.8 137.4 138.2 138.0 135.1 128.2 127.5 129.9 130.8 131.2 131.5 133.0 133.9 140.4 142.6 143.4 146.0 107.3 107.3 107.3 107.3 107.3 107.3 107.2 107.2 107.3 107.3 107.3 107.4 109.8 109.8 110.1 110.3 110.3 110.3 110.3 110.3 110.3 110.3 110.3 111.6 121.6 121.8 122.1 122.8 123.1 123.6 124.3 124.7 125.4 125.8 125.9 126.2 99.0 100.5 100.9 100.6 99.0 99.7 102.9 110.0 114.7 118.4 119.8 1948: Jan. 15— 124.0 F eb .15__ 137.0 Mar. 15-_ 145.6 Apr. 15__ May 15__ 107.2 June 15__ 108.3 July 15__ 108.8 Aug. 15-_ 109.1 Sept. 15- _ 109.7 Oct. 15— 109.7 Nov. 15-_ 110.3 Dec. 15__ 109.6 111.1 111.2 112.4 112.5 1935.......... ....... 1936.................. 112.6 1937............ — 112.6 1938.................. 113.7 1939.................. 114.2 1940............ — 114.3 1941.................. 114.2 1942.................. 114.6 1943.................. 115.6 1944................. 115.8 1945.................. 116.0 1946—.........— 116.2 1947.................. 116.5 1948-................ 134.6 133.1 132.9 134.8 134.6 135.8 136.7 138.7 138.0 136.6 134.7 136.1 147.1 148.4 151.3 151.7 151.8 154.8 155.2 157.4 159.4 160.1 160.5 164.7 107.4 107.4 107.4 107.4 107.4 107.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 107.6 111.7 111.8 111.5 111.5 111.5 112.4 112.4 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 126.6 127.6 128.0 130.6 130.7 133.7 134.3 135.0 136.5 137.1 137.8 139.6 116.5 116.5 116.5 117.9 118.5 119.0 119.0 119.0 118.9 119.5 119.6 119.6 1935.................. 1936.................. 1937.................. 1938.................. 1939.................. 1940.................. 1941.................. 1942.................. 1943.................. 1944.................. 1945.......... ....... 1946................ . 1947.................. 1948.................. 97.9 99.3 103.1 100.9 98.8 100.1 105.5 116.2 123.7 126.3 129.4 140.6 162.8 174.7 100.2 101.4 106.4 98.5 93.5 96.2 106.2 123.4 137.8 135.6 138.6 160.8 197.9 213.6 96.1 97.1 102.5 102.6 101.7 102.6 107.0 126.0 134.9 155.2 167.5 181.2 212.1 226.2 1942: Jan. 15— F e b .15__ Mar. 15. . Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15— Aug. 1 5 -. Sept. 15— Oct. 15— Nov. 15— Dec. 15__ 112.1 112.8 113.8 113.9 115.8 116.9 116.6 116.7 117.5 118.8 119.2 120.0 116.9 116.3 117.8 117.7 121.4 124.7 124.1 125.0 125.9 129.4 129.6 131.6 1943: Jan. 15— Feb. 1 5 Mar. 15. _ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 1 5 .Sept. 15-_ Oct. 15__ Nov. 15— Dec. 15__ 120.7 120.8 122.6 123.7 124.9 124.9 123.9 123.8 124.4 125.0 125.1 124.4 1944:Jan.15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 1 5 May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15._ Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ Nov. 15__ Dec. 15__ 124.4 124.0 124.3 125.4 125.5 126.5 126.9 127.9 127.9 127.5 126.9 128.0 93.5 96.2 101.2 104.2 105.0 105.5 106.5 107.5 107.3 1 0 7 .5 PORTLAND, MAINE 100.4 100.5 102.6 99.1 97.4 98.2 103.3 116.0 122.8 124.3 125.9 134.6 155.7 166.5 102.2 102.5 105.6 96.2 93.6 94.7 103.5 122.8 135.2 132.9 133.6 153.3 186.3 200.8 99.6 99.3 101.2 100.3 99.6 100.1 104.0 122.5 127.9 138.3 145.8 156.5 180.8 197.8 100.2 99.6 99.6 100.2 100.4 100.6 101.2 105.5 106.4 106.6 106.5 106.3 107.3 111.5 99.5 100.3 103.0 100.9 96.3 100.6 103.5 111.2 116.8 119.2 117.2 119.0 130.4 148.7 97.2 97.8 102.9 102.2 99.8 99.6 104.5 120.0 121.6 133.2 141.5 155.0 180.1 189.2 99.6 99.9 101.2 100.1 99.2 99.1 103.7 112.7 117.2 120.3 122.3 124.8 138.6 148.4 1942: Mar. 15 „ June15__ Sept. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 112.9 116.7 118.0 120.1 117.1 122.9 125.8 131.3 121.0 126.0 123.7 123.7 105.0 106.2 106.0 105.9 107.1 110.5 114.0 113.7 120.1 120.4 121.0 120.9 110.3 113.1 114.2 115.2 1943: Mar. 1 5 June 1 5 Sept. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 122.1 124.5 122.4 123.5 134.4 140.6 132.7 134.4 126.0 125.7 130.7 131.9 106.2 106.4 106.4 106.7 116.9 116.9 116.7 118.6 120.9 121.1 121.8 123.3 116.4 117.4 117.9 118.2 See footnotes on p . 61. CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES 58 T able B.— Consumers’ Price Index for Moderate-Income Families in 34 Large Cities, by Group of Commodities, 1935-48— Continued [1935-39 = 100] Period1 All items Food Apparel Fuel, electric- House- MisRent ity, and furnish- cellarefriger- ings neous ation Period1 PORTLAND, MAINE—Continued 122.9 124.1 125.2 125.6 131.6 131.1 133.6 133.1 134.1 138.9 141.2 142.6 106.6 106.6 106.7 (2) 119.2 119.2 119.0 119.3 125.3 139.0 135.6 137.9 118.5 120.8 120.8 122.4 1945: Mar. 15— June15__ Sept. 15— Dec. 15__ 125.4 126.7 125.5 126.4 131.4 135.2 133.1 135.2 145.2 145.6 146.6 147.2 106.6 106.4 (2) *106.3 119.2 118.2 113.5 113.6 141.1 141.2 141.6 144.1 122.6 122.5 122.0 122.2 1946: Mar. 15— June 15__ Sept. 15— Dec. 15__ 126.8 128.7 141.4 149.2 134.8 138.4 167.0 180.5 149.5 155.2 160.3 168.0 (*) 106.2 106.3 (2) 115.8 115.9 123.7 123.5 145.3 146.9 163.0 174.9 122.7 122.3 124.9 133.1 1947: Mar. 15 „ June 15__ Sept. 1 5 .. Dec. 15__ 152.5 153.3 159.2 162.0 184.8 185.3 193.6 195.2 177.8 178.6 183.3 191.4 « *106.1 108.0 109.7 125.2 127.5 133.2 140.6 177.5 178.9 183.1 183.7 135.0 136.2 142.7 144.4 1948: Mar. 1 5 .. June15__ Sept. 15. . Dec. 15__ 162.7 167.4 170.7 167.1 192.4 204.1 207.0 195.0 196.1 197.2 200.6 200.2 109.9 111.7 112.4 113.3 146.6 144.6 154.4 154.0 185.8 189.7 191.2 193.4 145.8 147.4 151.0 152.0 PORTLAND. OREO. 1935................. 1936 ...... 1937 ...... 1938 ...... 1939 ...... 1940 ...... ...... 1941 1942 ...... 1943 ...... 1944 ...... 1945 ...... 1946 ...... 1947 ...... 1948 ...... 96.1 98.0 103.0 102.0 100.9 100.9 107.3 122.1 129.2 130.7 135.0 144.5 163.4 178.0 96.7 99.8 105.6 99.7 98.3 99.2 111.5 135.5 147.3 144.8 149.5 169.0 203.6 226.4 97.3 98.0 102.0 101.7 100.9 102.9 106.6 123.6 131.1 139.7 142.5 152.2 180.3 195.8 88.6 94.3 103.2 107.2 106.6 106.5 109.3 115.5 115.3 115.4 114.7 114.2 117.2 123.4 98.4 100.4 101.2 101.0 99.1 93.4 97.0 111.9 116.5 114.6 119.0 121.4 122.3 127.6 97.6 96.6 102.6 102.3 100.9 100.4 106.9 120.9 122.9 133.3 145.9 158.7 176.4 187.3 1942: Mar. 1 5 Junel5__ Sept. 1 5 .. Dec. 15__ 119.1 122.1 124.9 126.8 129.7 134.6 141.2 145.9 122.4 124.5 126.0 125.9 114.4 117.6 115.6 115.2 106.7 110.1 116.5 116.6 121.0 121.4 121.8 121.2 1943: Mar. 1 5 June15__ Sept. 15._ Dec. 15__ 128.7 130.7 129.0 129.5 148.5 152.1 144.8 144.9 128.9 129.5 134.0 135.0 115.2 115.4 115.4 115.2 116.4 116.5 116.5 116.6 121.8 122.9 123.1 125.1 1944: Mar. 15— June15__ Sept. 15 .. Dec. 15__ 129.4 129.4 131.8 133.3 143.3 144.4 144.8 148.1 138.0 140.2 141.3 141.8 115.4 115.5 (2) 115.4 116.8 92.1 116.6 116.6 125.4 136.9 137.3 138.0 1945: Mar. 15— June15__ Sept. 15_ Dec. 15__ 133.2 135.5 135.3 137.3 145.8 150.3 149.3 153.9 142.1 142.6 143.1 142.5 (2) 114.7 (2) 114.3 116.6 120.3 120.5 120.5 145.1 146.1 146.1 150.4 1946: Mar. 15— Junel5__ Sept. 15._ Dec. 15__ 135.9 140.3 150.9 157.8 149.9 158.4 184.5 196.0 143.7 149.7 156.3 167.4 (2) 114.1 114.3 (2) 121.2 121.3 122.4 122.6 156.0 159.1 156.8 169.3 1947: Mar. 15— June15__ July 15__ Oct. 15__ 160.6 161.5 162.1 166.5 198.1 199.7 202.7 208.7 178.4 (2) 179.9 *113.9 178.4 (2) 184.9 120.8 122.0 122.8 120.4 121.7 175.4 176.2 175.2 178.0 1948: Jan. 15__ Apr. 15__ July 15__ Oct. 15__ 174.4 175.8 180.3 180.1 223.0 223.2 233.7 227.7 190.0 195.9 194.8 200.9 122.1 122.5 123.2 124.5 125.0 126.4 127.2 129.2 184.3 187.3 186.4 190.5 100.2 99.6 99.9 100.3 99.9 99.6 95.4 95.9 102.9 103.3 102.5 103.7 RICHMOND , VA. 99.0 100.1 102.3 100.1 98.6 99.0 101.6 103.6 105.4 96.5 92.9 92.9 95.4 96.7 102.4 103.6 101.9 103.5 96.9 97.9 100.4 102.2 102.6 102.9 Food Apparel Fuel, electric House- Mis Rent ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation RICHMOND, VA.— Continued 1944: Mar. 1 5 .. June15__ Sept. 15— Dec. 15__ 1935 ...... 1936 ...... 1937.................. 1938_________ 1939___ _ 1940.................. All items 1941.......... ....... 1942.......... ....... 1943................. 1944.................. 1945.................. 1946.................. 1947__________ 1948................. 104.2 103.4 115.7 ‘ 123.2 121.7 137.1 122.7 134.1 125.3 136.4 133.9 155.1 155.9 192.8 166.9 205.6 109.0 129.8 133.3 140.0 144.5 156.0 183.7 196.9 103.4 104.5 103.9 103.9 104.1 104.2 107.1 112.8 101.6 104.6 106.4 108.1 109.4 111.0 121.8 138.9 111.9 126.8 128.0 135.4 144.9 159.1 190.4 206.4 103.1 109.2 113.0 115.5 118.7 122.3 131.9 140.1 1942: Mar. 15— June15__ Sept. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 113.4 115.8 117.2 119.3 118.4 122.9 126.2 131.3 129.2 131.5 131.3 131.4 104.2 104.3 105.1 104.6 104.3 104.6 104.8 104.8 126.9 127.4 127.5 127.1 107.4 109.5 110.0 111.7 1943: Mar. 15— June 15— Sept. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 121.2 122.6 122.0 122.1 135.8 139.6 136.7 136.0 132.8 132.0 133.8 135.8 103.9 103.9 103.9 103.7 106.5 106.5 106.5 107.9 127.3 127.7 128.6 129.1 112.4 113.1 113.5 113.4 1944: Mar. 15— June15__ Sept. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 121.2 122.6 123.3 124.4 131.8 134.0 134.1 137.1 138.3 139.6 141.8 142.4 103.8 103.9 103.9 (2) 107.9 107.4 108.6 108.6 129.1 134.7 140.8 140.8 114.4 116.0 116.2 116.2 1945: Mar. 1 5 June15__ Sept. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 124.1 125.2 126.2 126.4 133.5 136.1 138.5 138.6 144.5 144.4 144.6 145.7 104.0 (2) 104.2 (2) 108.6 109.6 109.9 i no A iuy.o 142.7 144.7 147.3 147.1 118.9 118.9 119.0 119.2 136.5 138.4 167.4 186.5 145.8 153.2 160.7 173.6 104.1 (2) 104.2 (2) 110.1 110.3 112.6 113.1 149.4 154.8 167.0 173.8 120.1 122.1 122.1 127.6 188.8 185.8 188.4 205.1 182.3 183.8 183.2 186.7 (2) 104.6 (2) 111.4 116.7 117.8 120.2 126.4 187.6 190.2 192.2 193.4 130.7 131.6 132.1 133.4 209.1 200.6 209.4 209.7 189.9 193.8 198.2 203.4 1 1 1 .8 133.9 135.1 142.3 142.4 203.4 205.5 208.4 207.1 135.7 137.0 141.7 143.2 79.4 97.4 1946: Mar. 15— 126.0 101.2 June15__ 128.2 102.4 Sept. 1 5 - 139.8 101.6 Dec. 15__ 149.3 101.2 104.7 1947: Mar. 15— 152.9 112.5 June 15__ 152.6 118.7 July 15__ 153.8 124.4 Oct. 15__ 161.7 130.0 133.7 1948: Jan. 15— 165.1 142.1 Apr. 15__ 163.4 152.9 July 15__ 168.9 Oct. 15__ 170.0 111.8 112.8 113.2 114.1 1935__________ 98.5 116.4 1936__________ 99.5 118.7 1937............ . 102.7 120.4 1938__________ 100.3 121.7 1939__________ 99.0 1940__________ 99.6 122.1 1941................. 104.8 124.4 1942__________ 116.1 126.0 1943 122.4 127.0 1944.......... ....... 124.2 1945____ _____ 126.5 128.7 1946.......... ....... 137.4 130.4 1947__________ 159.3 130.8 1948.................. 171.2 131.9 1942: Jan. 15— 111.8 130.7 F eb .15__ 112.9 132.7 Mar. 15— 114.8 135.0 Apr. 15__ 115.4 138.7 May 1 5 „ _ 115.6 June15__ 116.6 140.9 July 15— 116.3 141.4 Aug. 1 5 - 117.4 141.4 Sept. 15— 116.6 142.9 Oct. 15__ 117.9 Nov. 1 5 - 118.4 149.0 Dec. 15__ 119.8 150.5 153.9 1943: Jan. 15__ 119.3 155.8 Feb. 1 5 - 119.9 Mar. 15— 121.8 Apr. 15__ 123.1 May 15__ 124.0 June15__ 123.7 98.9 July 15__ 123.2 99.5 A u g .1 5 .- 122.7 100.6 100.8 100.2 See footnotes on p. 61 100.5 112.1 113.0 113.5 S T . LOUIS,, M O . 99.7 101.2 105.2 98.2 95.7 96.8 107.5 126.1 139.6 138.5 141.4 162.4 201.4 217.5 96.2 97.5 102.9 102.1 101.3 102.8 106.9 125.7 130.6 138.0 141.7 155.8 181.2 199.1 97.8 98.3 100.7 101.8 101.4 101.5 102.1 106.2 106.1 106.0 106.0 106.2 109.5 117.4 98.8 100.0 100.2 100.5 100.5 101.7 104.2 106.1 106.3 107.2 107.8 110.1 120.9 134.1 95.3 96.1 104.8 102.8 101.0 96.9 102.2 115.8 117.4 124.4 127.0 139.2 160.6 172.6 98.6 99.2 101.0 101.0 100.1 100.8 103.0 109.0 112.4 117.3 120.1 124.5 133.9 142.2 119.8 119.9 122.9 123.8 123.8 125.9 126.0 129.0 126.7 129.9 130.8 134.4 118.6 121.1 125.3 127.5 127.4 126.9 127.0 126.9 126.9 127.1 127.1 126.9 104.2 104.5 106.2 106.6 107.5 108.5 1Q6.4 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.1 106.3 106.3 106.3 105.4 105.9 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.2 113.1 114.4 116.0 116.5 116.1 116.2 116.1 116.2 116.3 116.3 116.3 116.3 105.5 107.9 108.5 108.8 108.9 109.2 109.0 109.2 109.2 109.7 110.6 111.0 133.1 134.4 138.9 142.4 144.7 143.5 141.6 140.2 126.6 127.6 128.8 128.8 128.8 128.9 130.8 131.0 106.1 106.1 106.1 106.1 106.2 106.1 106.1 106.1 106.3 106.4 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.2 116.3 116.4 116.4 116.6 117.5 117.6 117.6 117.6 111.0 111.1 111.6 111.7 1 1 1 .8 112.3 112.5 112.5 APPENDIX TABLES 59 T able B.— C onsum ers’ P rice In dex fo r M oderate-Incom e F am ilies in 34 L a rg e C ities, by G roup o f C om m odities, 1935-48 — C ontinued [1935-39 = 100] Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella neous refriger ings ation Period1 All items 1943: Sept. 1 5 „ Oct. 15.. _ N o v .15._ Dec. 15__ 122.6 122.7 122.9 123.3 139.1 139.1 138.7 139.3 133.1 133.6 133.9 135.1 106.1 106.1 106.1 106.0 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.7 117.6 118.0 118.3 118.9 112.9 112.9 114.4 114.5 1944: Jan. 1 5 ... F eb.15__ Mar. 1 5 .. Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15— A u g .15._ Sept.15._ Oct. 15__ N o v .15— Dec. 15__ 122.9 122.3 122.5 123.6 123.9 124.3 125.7 125.2 125.2 124.6 124.9 125.3 137.9 136.0 135.9 137.4 137.8 138.7 141.9 140.1 139.8 138.0 138.5 139.5 135.1 135.8 137.2 137.4 137.5 137.6 137.7 138.4 139.7 139.7 139.8 139.8 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.1 (2) (2) (2) 107.2 107.2 107.2 107.2 107.2 107.2 107.2 107.2 107.2 107.2 107.2 107.2 120.5 120.8 121.5 124.2 124.2 125.7 125.9 125.9 126.0 126.1 126.1 126.2 114.6 114.8 114.8 117.0 117.2 117.2 118.3 118.4 118.4 118.5 119.2 119.3 1945: Jan.15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15. . Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 15. . Sept. 15_ Oct. 15__ Nov. 15— Dec. 15__ 125.5 125.1 124.9 125.3 126.4 127.4 127.0 127.5 126.8 126.9 126.8 128.4 140.0 139.1 138.1 139.0 141.7 144.0 142.9 144.0 141.4 141.4 141.4 144.1 139.5 139.5 139.6 140.1 140.5 141.0 141.0 141.5 144.3 144.9 143.8 144.3 (2) (2) 106.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 105.8 (2) (2) (2) 107.2 107.3 107.3 107.3 107.7 107.8 107.9 108.0 108.3 108.3 108.3 108.3 126.4 124.9 125.1 125.8 126.5 127.0 127.2 127.4 127.9 128.5 129.1 128.0 119.4 119.5 119.9 119.9 119.9 119.9 119.9 120.0 120.0 120.0 120.0 122.6 1946: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15— Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ Nov. 15. _ Dec. 15__ 128.7 128.1 128.4 129.2 129.6 131.2 139.6 142.5 142.9 146.6 150.6 151.2 144.3 142.3 142.6 143.4 144.5 147.4 169.7 175.5 174.5 183.6 191.8 189.3 145.3 145.8 146.8 150.2 151.5 154.6 155.0 156.5 162.3 164.2 166.5 170.5 (2) (2) 106.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) 106.2 (2) (2) (2) <2) 109.4 109.4 109.4 109.4 108.3 108.7 110.0 110.3 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 129.2 131.4 132.9 133.4 133.2 134.8 137.8 143.2 144.5 146.4 148.2 155.0 122.7 122.8 123.0 123.0 123.2 123.4 122.8 124.3 124.3 125.0 128.3 130.9 1947: Jan. 15__ 151.1 Feb. 1 5 - 151.8 Mar. 15-_ 155.8 Apr. 1 5 - 155.1 May 15__ 154.6 June15__ 155.6 Sept. 1 5 - 165.4 Dec. 15__ 167.9 187.4 188.4 198.9 195.2 193.4 196.8 215.9 215.2 172.7 175.8 177.7 178.4 178.3 177.9 183.2 192.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 106.3 113.1 115.3 114.3 114.3 114.4 118.0 118.0 116.6 124.5 128.7 155.9 155.1 155.2 155.5 156.4 158.7 164.7 168.5 131.2 131.5 132.1 132.9 133.0 132.7 134.7 138.5 1948: Mar. 15— June 15__ Sept. 15_ Dec. 15__ 167.8 172.1 175.0 171.1 210.9 222.0 223.0 212.2 199.1 196.8 202.2 201.4 115.6 116.3 119.6 119.7 129.4 134.9 138.3 135.7 171.5 171.0 174.8 175.4 140.2 140.8 144.9 145.3 1935.................. 1936.................. 1937.................. 1938.................. 1939.................. 1940.................. 1941.................. 1942.................. 1943.................. 1944.................. 1945.................. 1946.................. 1947.................. 1948.................. 98.6 98.1 101.8 101.4 100.2 100.4 105.9 118.7 126.4 129.4 132.9 143.7 162.8 174.2 100.8 100.3 104.4 98.5 96.0 96.5 107.0 128.5 143.4 143.8 148.2 170.1 203.7 220.8 96.1 96.4 102.3 103.1 102.1 103.0 107.0 124.5 128.6 137.0 143.3 154.7 178.1 192.5 96.8 97.1 100.1 102.6 103.4 103.7 104.3 106.0 106.0 106.2 106.3 106.6 109.2 114.4 109.2 103.1 97.8 96.0 93.8 91.7 91.8 93.8 92.3 92.6 92.8 85.8 82.6 82.9 94.5 95.5 103.0 104.4 102.5 101.8 107.3 119.2 119.1 131.0 132.0 134.8 155.2 164.6 97.3 96.6 99.9 103.4 102.8 102.9 106.7 115.7 123.2 128.8 132.8 138.6 149.5 159.5 1942: Jan. 15__ Feb. 1 5 Mar. 1 5 Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15__ July 15__ Aug. 1 5 -. Sept. 15— 113.9 114.2 115.7 117.0 117.6 117.9 118.3 119.6 120.9 120.7 120.1 121.9 123.6 125.5 126.1 126.6 130.2 133.5 118.3 119.4 123.5 128.2 126.1 125.5 125.5 125.4 125.4 105.6 105.6 105.6 106.1 106.6 106.4 106.4 106.1 105.9 92.9 93.2 93.3 93.3 94.0 94.0 94.5 94.1 94.1 117.0 118.0 119.7 120.3 120.0 119.3 119.5 119.5 119.2 111.7 112.7 113.8 114.1 114.6 115.4 116.1 116.3 116.9 Food Apparel Rent Period1 ST. LOUIS, M O .— Continued Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.— Continued SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. All items 1942: Oct. 15__ Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 121.7 123.6 124.0 134.6 139.3 140.1 125.3 125.4 125.5 105.9 105.9 105.9 94.1 94.1 94.1 119.2 119.2 119.2 118.5 119.3 119.5 1943: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15-_ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 15-_ Sept. 15-_ Oct. 15__ Nov. 15— Dec. 15__ 124.5 124.6 126.1 128.5 128.1 128.7 125.3 124.3 125.6 126.8 127.4 127.5 141.3 141.7 143.7 149.7 148.0 149.8 140.0 137.3 139.9 142.4 143.7 143.7 126.0 126.3 128.1 128.1 127.3 127.5 127.1 127.2 130.1 131.7 131.9 132.1 105.9 105.9 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.0 106.1 94.1 92.2 92.2 92.2 92.2 92.2 92.1 92.1 92.1 92.1 92.1 92.1 119.1 119.0 119.0 119.0 119.0 119.0 118.7 118.7 118.9 119.0 119.0 120.9 119.6 119.6 121.8 122.4 123.7 123.2 124.3 124.3 124.3 124.8 124.8 125.1 1944:Jan.15__ Feb. 1 5 Mar. 15— Apr. 15— May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 15-_ Sept. 15-_ Oct. 15__ N o v .15-_ Dec. 15__ 127.6 127.0 127.4 128.3 129.4 129.2 129.3 129.4 129.9 131.0 131.6 132.7 143.6 141.6 142.2 142.2 144.7 142.5 142.4 142.4 143.3 145.2 146.3 149.1 132.8 133.7 134.9 135.1 135.5 136.5 137.0 137.8 138.8 140.0 140.6 141.4 106.1 106.1 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.3 106.3 106.3 106.3 (2) (2) (2) 92.1 92.6 92.6 92.6 92.6 92.6 92.6 92.6 92.6 92.6 92.6 92.6 120.9 120.9 120.9 120.9 120.9 137.4 137.6 138.1 138.7 138.7 138.7 138.8 125.2 125.2 125.2 128.8 129.1 129.2 129.8 129.8 129.8 130.8 131.1 131.2 1945: Jan. 15__ Feb. 1 5 Mar. 15-Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15_ _ Oct. 15__ Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15— 132.0 131.2 131.8 132.8 131.9 132.7 133.6 132.5 132.6 133.0 134.4 135.8 146.9 145.3 146.2 148.4 145.7 147.5 150.1 147.1 147.3 147.9 151.5 154.1 141.8 141.8 142.1 142.1 142.7 143.5 143.1 143.1 143.6 143.6 144.7 147.0 (2) (2) 106.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 106.4 (2) (2) (2) 92.6 92.6 92.6 92.6 92.8 92.8 92.9 92.9 92.9 92.9 92.9 92.9 139.3 130.6 130.5 130.5 130.7 131.3 132.1 131.9 131.6 131.6 131.5 132.0 131.3 131.3 132.3 133.0 133.0 133.1 133.1 133.1 133.1 133.3 133.2 133.8 1946: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ Nov. 15— Dec. 15__ 134.2 133.5 133.6 134.1 134.8 137.8 144.4 147.9 150.9 153.3 159.1 160.4 149.5 147.7 148.3 149.3 150.4 155.5 172.1 180.6 186.5 191.4 205.2 204.6 147.3 148.1 146.8 147.4 149.7 152.6 154.3 155.4 159.4 161.4 164.4 169.6 (2) 92.9 92.9 88.3 85.9 85.9 85.9 86.1 82.3 82.3 82.3 82.3 82.5 132.6 130.2 129.4 129.8 132.0 132.0 133.3 134.4 135.9 137.8 141.7 149.0 134.0 133.9 134.7 135.0 135.1 137.9 138.6 139.9 141.3 142.7 144.3 146.4 1947:Jan.15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ Sept. 1 5 .. Dec. 15__ 159.3 158.4 160.3 161.3 160.5 159.3 165.7 168.9 200.6 195.4 199.5 201.7 199.9 196.9 210.4 215.7 171.4 176.3 178.9 179.5 178.6 176.6 178.8 181.5 (2) 106.8 (2) (2) (2) 110.4 112.2 82.5 82.5 82.5 82.5 82.6 82.7 82.7 82.7 150.1 151.0 151.9 151.7 153.1 155.1 157.1 161.3 146.7 147.6 148.0 148.6 148.5 148.1 150.8 152.8 1948: Mar. 1 5 June15__ Sept. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 171.4 174.2 177.1 176.7 215.3 221.6 224.2 221.1 191.7 190.8 196.7 196.0 113.3 114.5 115.3 115.9 82.8 83.1 83.1 82.8 165.1 161.4 165.2 169.6 156.6 158.7 162.4 164.2 99.1 99.6 100.8 101.0 99.5 97.5 98.7 107.6 113.2 112.4 113.0 96.9 98.3 103.1 100.8 101.0 104.8 108.4 119.7 121.5 134.4 155.1 100.4 99.2 100.6 100.3 99.6 100.4 104.0 113.2 121.5 128.2 130.0 (?) 106.4 (2) 0 (2) 106.7 (2) ?2) (2) (?) SAVANNAH, GA. 1935.................. 1936................. 1937.................. 1938.................. 1939.................. 1940.................. 1941.................. 1942.................. 1943.................. 1944.................. 1945.................. 99.2 99.5 102.1 99.8 99.3 100.6 106.8 120.7 130.7 133.8 136.7 See footnotes on p . 61. 99.9 101.5 104.4 97.6 96.7 98.7 109.8 130.5 149.7 150.9 153.7 97.3 97.4 103.5 101.8 100.0 101.8 107.4 125.9 131.8 140.0 145.1 97.5 97.7 99.0 101.9 103.9 104.7 107.8 115.0 114.9 115.3 115.7 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES 60 T able B.— Consumers’ Price Index for Moderate-Income Families in 34 Large Cities, by Group of Commodities, 1935-48— Continued [1935-39 = 100] Period1 All items Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella neous refriger ings ation Period 1 All items 100.2 102.5 105.5 97.1 94.8 97.3 104.9 123.0 138.9 136.2 139.4 159.9 194.9 209.8 97.0 97.6 101.8 102.0 101.5 101.8 108.1 126.3 129.9 140.4 148.3 161.2 189.6 201.5 101.0 100.6 100.4 99.5 98.4 98.1 98.3 98.1 97.4 97.2 97.9 101.9 103.1 106.9 106.3 104.7 97.2 96.8 95.1 95.8 97.7 99.2 104.5 111.6 114.5 124.6 130.7 139.2 97.5 97.9 105.9 100.7 98.0 98.9 108.4 122.8 123.9 136.8 142.8 155.1 179.0 182.2 100.3 100.3 100.7 100.0 98.6 100.3 103.3 108.3 110.3 114.1 115.5 121.1 133.9 138.5 1942: Mar. 15. _ June15__ Sept. 15. _ Dec. 1 5 ... 112.1 114.3 115.2 117.8 117.6 123.0 125.6 131.7 127.5 127.3 126.5 126.7 98.4 98.1 98.0 97.8 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.5 123.0 123.5 123.3 122.9 108.0 108.4 108.5 109.4 1943: Mar. 15. _ June15__ Sept. 1 5 .. Dec. 15__ 120.5 123.6 121.2 121.5 136.9 144.4 137.2 136.2 128.4 128.6 131.6 132.9 97.5 97.3 97.3 97.2 103.9 103.9 103.9 109.9 122.9 123.9 124.6 125.0 109.7 110.2 110.8 111.2 1944: Mar. 15. . June15__ Sept. 15_ Dec. 15__ 120.9 123.2 125.0 125.0 132.4 135.9 138.1 137.2 136.5 138.3 144.8 146.4 97.1 97.2 (2) 97.2 112.2 111.0 111.0 111.1 127.7 139.2 142.9 144.0 112.6 114.7 114.9 115.5 1945: Mar. 15. . Junel5__ Sept. 15. _ Dec. 1 5 ... 124.3 128.2 126.9 128.1 135.9 144.5 139.3 141.3 146.8 147.9 149.5 150.5 (2) 97.8 (2) 98.4 111.0 111.0 117.9 118.7 140.6 141.7 143.7 145.9 115.3 115.6 115.7 115.5 1946: Mar. 15. . 128.6 June 15__ 132.2 Sept. 15._ 146.4 Dec. 15__ 154.0 141.8 144.0 174.0 185.2 151.0 (2) 158.7 *104.3 166.9 101.6 177.1 (2) 119.5 120.0 130.4 129.9 147.7 151.2 159.1 170.4 116.6 119.3 122.5 131.0 157.3 159.9 162.8 165.2 188.9 194.9 199.5 202.8 188.6 190.4 191.1 192.3 101.5 (2) 103.4 105.1 129.5 126.6 133.4 134.5 178.0 177.5 178.7 184.1 132.3 133.9 134.1 136.2 166.5 170.2 174.7 169.4 203.2 212.2 217.3 202.8 197.2 202.1 205.2 206.9 106.0 106.7 108.1 109.0 134.5 134.5 144.5 144.7 185.5 180.8 184.5 182.2 137.3 136.3 141.1 141.8 175.0 212.4 220.8 157.5 178.3 193.7 115.5 115.8 117.3 115.4 129.4 150.2 171.8 192.1 204.2 132.8 142.6 153.0 1942: Jan.15.._ F eb.1 5 ... Mar. 15 Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 1 5 ... A u g .1 5 .. S ept.15._ Oct. 15__ Nov. 15__ Dec. 15__ 115.4 116.7 118.4 120.2 120.9 120.2 121.6 121.6 122.1 123.6 123.4 124.2 121.2 123.2 125.2 128.6 130.3 129.4 132.0 132.3 133.3 137.1 136.0 137.6 118.2 119.6 125.6 128.2 128.6 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.5 127.5 127.5 127.6 113.8 114.7 114.9 116.0 116.3 115.0 114.9 114.9 114.9 114.9 114.9 115.0 106.5 105.9 106.2 106.2 106.2 106.2 108.7 108.8 108.8 108.8 109.6 109.6 118.3 118.8 119.8 119.9 119.9 120.1 120.1 120.1 119.9 119.9 119.9 119.9 109.9 111.2 112.1 112.6 112.9 113.1 114.1 113.6 114.0 114.3 115.1 115.8 1943: Jan. 15__ Feb. 1 5 ... Mar. 15__ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .1 5 .. Sept. 15_ Oct. 15__ N o v .1 5 .. Dec. 15__ 125.3 126.2 128.2 131.2 131.9 132.3 132.3 132.1 132.5 132.5 131.9 131.8 139.8 141.3 145.1 152.5 153.8 153.8 153.0 152.4 152.5 152.2 150.4 149.7 127.8 128.1 130.1 130.3 130.5 130.6 132.5 132.5 134.2 134.8 134.8 135.6 115.0 115.0 114.9 114.9 114.9 114.9 114.9 114.6 114.9 114.9 114.9 114.9 112.6 112.6 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.3 113.2 113.5 113.5 113.5 113.4 120.3 120.9 121.4 121.4 121.4 121.5 121.5 121.6 121.8 121.9 122.0 122.6 115.9 117.3 118.7 119.7 120.6 122.6 123.0 123.4 123.8 124.0 124.3 124.6 1944: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15— Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15. _ Sept. 15_ Oct. 15__ N o v .1 5 .. Dec. 15__ 132.6 132.2 131.9 133.4 133.2 133.7 134.8 135.6 135.1 134.5 134.4 134.6 151.1 149.5 147.2 150.8 149.4 150.2 152.9 154.7 152.8 150.9 150.6 150.5 135.5 136.5 139.5 139.6 139.1 139.8 139.8 140.7 141.6 142.5 142.8 142.9 114.9 114.9 115.0 115.1 115.2 115.2 (2) (2) (2) (*) (2) 115.7 113.8 113.8 113.8 111.8 111.8 111.8 111.8 112.0 112.0 111.9 111.9 111.9 123.9 124.8 125.8 126.1 136.4 137.9 138.1 138.4 139.8 140.2 140.2 141.8 125.9 126.0 126.4 127.9 128.4 128.5 129.1 129.1 129.4 129.3 129.3 129.4 1945:Jan.15__ Feb. 1 5 Mar. 1 5 .. Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15. . Sept. 15._ VJCt. ID__ N o v .15._ D ec. 1 5 ... 134.9 135.1 135.3 135.2 135.8 136.4 137.7 138.3 138.3 1104 0 7 .O c 137.8 137.7 150.7 150.9 150.7 150.8 151.7 153.1 156.6 157.5 157.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 115.9 (2) (2) (2) 155.6 154.4 143.4 143.7 143.8 143.9 144.2 144.5 144.6 145.4 145.8 146 0 147! 6 148.6 (*) 115.5 113.0 113.0 113.0 113.0 113.0 113.0 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.0 112.9 112.7 145.9 146.8 152.3 153.6 156.1 156.3 156.2 157.6 157.3 158 6 159^6 160.5 1946: Jan. 15— F e b .15__ Mar. 15 __ Apr. 15__ May 15— June15__ J u ly __ Aug. 15. . Sept. 1 5 .. Oct. 15 ~~ Nov. 15 . . Dec.15__ 137.6 138.4 138.7 139.2 139.2 140.6 148.8 152.7 153.8 155.2 161.8 162.2 153.8 155.6 154.7 155.7 155.8 158.5 180.1 187.2 190.9 192.2 209.4 205.8 149.5 150.2 154.0 154.6 153.0 154.3 154.6 159.5 161.3 164.2 164.8 169.7 (2) (2) (2) (*) (2) 115.5 (2) 115.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) 113.0 113.0 113.1 112.5 112.5 112.5 114.2 118.4 119.1 118.2 118.6 120.0 160.9 162.1 167.7 169.5 172.4 172.3 169.4 170.7 171.9 176.5 179.6 188.3 1947:Jan.15 F e b .15__ Mar. 15_ Apr. 1 5 May 15— June15__ July 15__ Oct. 1 5 ... 162.3 162.5 166.6 166.2 165.5 165.8 165.9 171.5 203.8 203.1 213.1 208.9 208.2 209.4 207.4 219.2 170.7 174.6 175.2 174.8 174.0 172.6 177.9 183.7 115.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 115.6 116.6 121.9 121.9 122.0 128.1 128.2 128.2 128.2 133.5 192.0 190.6 194.4 193.9 190.4 189.2 187.3 192.4 1948:J an.15__ Apr. 15__ July 15—. Oct. 15__ 175.6 177.6 180.2 178.4 222.9 221.4 228.3 219.2 190.3 192.8 194.0 197.0 116.9 116.9 117.0 117.9 143.3 147.1 151.4 155.8 203.2 205.2 202.3 205.6 129.5 129.9 130.0 1948: Feb. 15__ 129.4 May 15__ 129.7 A u g .1 5 .. 129.7 Nov. 15. _ 129.7 130.0 130.5 129 8 129! 9 1935.................. 131.3 1936.................. 1937.................. 131.3 1938.................. 131.3 1 9 3 9 ............... 131.1 1940.................. 131.3 1941.................. 131.8 1942.................. 132.8 1943.................. 133.0 1944.................. 134.1 1945.................. 132.1 1946.................. 133.6 1947.................. 134.6 1948.................. 137.0 1942: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ 139.0 Mar. 15. . 139.3 Apr. 15__ 140.4 May 15— 143.1 June 15__ 142.6 July 15__ 142.7 A u g .1 5 .. 143.7 Sept. 15 .. 143.6 Oct. 15__ Nov. 1 5 .. 146.2 Dec. 15__ 153.8 153.4 155.4 1943:Jan.15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 1 5 .. Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15__ See footnotes on p. 61 Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation 100.4 101.1 102.5 98.9 97.2 98.6 103.3 114.1 121.4 123.2 126.6 138.2 160.7 169.2 147.4 167.6 178.0 1 5 Rent 1935.................. 1936.................. 1937................ . 1938.................. 1939.................. 1940.................. 1941.................. 1942.................. 1943.................. 1944.................. 1945.................. 1946............ . 1947.................. 1948.................. 1946.................. 1947.................. 1948.................. (i\ Apparel SCRANTON, PA. SAVANNAH, GA.— Continued 1 EC A 1 0 0 .4 Food 1947: Mar. 15. . June15__ A u g .1 5 .. Nov. 15. _ KTCATTT/R. WASH 96.8 98.0 102.7 101.5 101.1 101.7 107.8 121.1 127.5 129.2 132.2 142.4 160.8 172.9 98.9 100.5 105.5 97.9 97.2 99.4 110.2 132.8 144.0 141.6 144.4 164.3 198.7 217.6 95.3 96.6 103.0 102.8 102.3 103.6 108.4 126.8 131.5 138.2 145.4 155.9 178.3 191.3 91.3 93.7 101.4 106.8 106.9 106.7 111.5 114.6 110.4 111.3 111.4 112.0 114.7 121.2 98.7 98.3 100.5 102.4 100.0 96.7 96.4 100.6 101.9 102.9 104.5 107.0 114.6 123.1 95.3 97.7 104.0 102.8 100.2 98.7 104.6 118.9 121.6 130.0 144.0 157.3 182.5 191.8 97.2 97.7 100.5 102.2 102.4 102.5 106.1 114.6 123.9 129.9 132.4 136.6 144.2 152.8 116.7 117.9 119.6 120.4 121.2 119.2 119.7 121.7 122.7 124.0 124.7 125.6 125.3 126.0 126.7 127.5 129.9 129.4 130.9 136.1 137.3 139.6 141.3 143.6 117.7 121.6 125.2 129.2 129.0 128.9 126.9 128.9 128.9 128.8 128.3 128.2 118.3 118.8 122.7 122.8 122.4 111.0 110.9 110.1 109.8 109.8 109.6 109.6 100.6 100.7 100.7 100.7 100.7 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.6 115.5 117.8 118.6 119.2 119.2 119.2 119.3 119.5 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 110.2 111.5 112.9 113.1 113.4 113.4 114.1 114.1 116.5 118.3 118.8 119.2 125.8 126.2 127.0 127.9 129.5 128.1 143.5 143.9 144.7 145.9 150.3 146.6 128.7 129.2 130.8 131.0 131.0 130.4 109.6 109.6 110.1 110.2 110.2 110.6 100.6 100.7 101.4 101.9 101.9 101.9 119.6 119.7 119.9 120.1 120.4 120.8 119 9 120.8 121.7 123.1 123.1 122.8 61 APPENDIX TABLES T able B.— C onsum ers’ P rice Index fo r M oderate-Incom e F am ilies in 34 L arge C ities, b y G roup o f C om m odities, 1935-48 — C ontinued [1935-39 = 100] All items Period1 Food Rent Apparel Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation Period1 i > id 3 iH 00 140.9 139.8 142.4 142.8 143.6 143.1 130.9 131.0 133.2 133.6 133.7 134.0 110.6 110.7 110.8 110.8 111.0 111.2 101.9 102.4 102.4 102.4 102.4 102.4 121.2 121.3 121.4 123.4 125.0 126.8 123.5 123.5 126.5 127.2 127.2 125.3 1944: Jan. 1 5 ... F e b .15__ Mar. 15. . Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15._ Sept. 15. . Oct. 15__ Nov. 15. _ Dec. 15__ 128.4 127.7 128.2 127.9 128.9 128.8 129.5 129.7 129.9 130.5 130.3 131.1 142.5 140.6 140.5 139.2 141.3 140.4 141.9 141.6 141.7 143.3 142.7 143.9 133.6 134.0 135.9 136.4 136.9 137.8 138.4 139.7 141.6 141.5 141.5 141.4 111.1 111.1 111.3 111.4 111.4 111.5 111.6 111.7 111.3 (2) (2) (2) 103.1 103.1 103.1 101.4 101.7 102.1 102.4 103.5 103.5 103.5 103.5 103.5 126.9 127.0 127.2 127.3 127.3 129.2 129.2 129.4 131.0 131.0 133.8 141.0 127.7 127.6 128.4 129.8 130.2 130.4 130.6 130.6 130.6 130.6 130.6 131.2 1945: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15. . Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .1 5 .. Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ Nov. 15— Dec. 15__ 131.2 130.8 131.4 131.4 132.1 132.0 132.7 132.9 132.4 131.9 132.9 134.7 143.4 142.2 143.0 143.0 144.4 144.0 145.7 145.8 144.2 142.7 145.3 149.6 141.8 142.3 143.7 144.5 145.1 145.7 145.4 146.0 146.7 147.6 147.5 148.9 (2) (2) 111.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 111.8 (*) (2) (2) 103.7 103.9 103.9 103.9 104.9 104.9 104.9 104.9 104.7 104.7 104.8 104.7 141.2 140.6 142.4 142.6 145.1 145.3 145.5 145.6 143.9 144.5 144.9 146.5 131.8 132.0 132.3 132.3 132.2 132.2 132.7 132.7 132.6 132.5 132.5 132.9 1946:J an.15__ F e b .15__ Mar. 15. . Apr. 15__ May 15__ June 15__ July 15__ A u g .15._ Sept. 15_. Oct. 15__ Nov. 15. _ Dec. 15__ 133.5 133.6 134.2 134.6 135.3 137.0 142.9 144.8 147.9 151.9 155.3 157.2 146.0 146.1 145.6 146.3 147.1 151.6 167.1 170.0 175.6 186.1 194.6 195.9 148.3 148.6 150.2 150.6 153.2 153.8 154.5 156.9 160.6 161.5 164.1 168.3 (2) (2) 111.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) 112.1 (2) (2) (2) (*) 105.0 105.2 105.6 105.8 105.8 105.8 106.6 107.8 108.8 108.8 108.8 109.7 146.8 148.7 152.2 151.4 151.4 151.8 153.6 155.6 166.9 167.1 166.7 175.8 133.1 133.2 135.2 135.2 135.7 135.8 135.9 137.3 138.2 138.8 139.7 141.6 1947: Jan.15__ F e b .15__ Mar. 15. . Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ A u g .1 5 .. Nov. 15— 155.7 155.4 158.2 159.1 158.5 158.3 161.8 166.2 189.6 187.4 194.3 196.4 193.9 193.3 200.3 207.6 171.5 173.0 176.0 177.1 178.0 178.2 180.3 181.8 (2) (2) 112.2 (2) (2) (2) 114.5 119.1 111.5 111.7 111.7 112.1 112.1 112.4 117.4 118.7 177.8 180.1 183.4 183.6 183.6 184.8 179.7 184.8 142.1 142.8 142.8 143.0 143.4 143.1 144.2 146.6 1948: Feb. 15__ May 15__ Aug. 15— Nov. 15. _ 170.7 174.3 176.2 174.3 214.7 221.4 221.9 213.4 185.7 191.8 195.5 197.2 120.8 121.3 122.2 123.2 119.9 122.1 124.2 126.5 186.5 189.9 197.2 197.9 151.2 152.0 154.7 156.9 w a cm xrr>Tnw * n r 1935.................. 1936__________ 1937.................. 1938.................. 1939.................. 1940.................. 1941.................. 1942................. 1943.................. 1944.................. 1945.................. 1946.................. 1947.................. 1948.................. 99.1 99.6 102.3 100.0 99.1 99.7 104.3 115.5 122.6 124.2 128.0 138.9 157.1 165.6 102.6 101.4 105.0 96.1 95.0 96.4 105.4 123.9 138.2 134.9 139.9 159.8 193.7 208.2 94.5 97.7 102.7 103.1 102.0 103.1 109.3 130.6 137.3 147.1 156.4 178.2 206.1 217.7 98.3 99.6 101.0 101.0 100.2 100.0 100.6 100.5 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 101.1 102.7 102.2 101.1 99.5 99.2 98.1 98.3 100.1 102.9 106.2 109.2 110.4 114.6 122.4 133.2 92.8 96.5 103.4 104.3 103.0 104.6 113.9 128.6 131.6 135.6 141.7 157.3 191.1 201.7 98.5 98.8 100.9 101.3 100.5 100.7 103.3 113.0 119.7 125.0 128.3 133.4 143.5 150.4 1942:Jan.15__ 111.1 116.4 122.2 100.7 102.1 125.6 109.1 1 Data are shown for all periods, 1942 to 1948, inclusive, for which allitems indexes were computed. Indexes for food and fuel areavailable monthly in other publications of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2 Not surveyed this month. * M ay 15,1947, index. Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation WASHINGTON, D . C.— Continued SEATTLE, WASH.— Continued 126.2 Aug.15_ _ 125.8 Sept. 15_ 127.8 Oct. 15__ 128.2 Nov. 15_ . 128.6 Dec. 1 5 _„ 128.6 All items 1942: Feb. 15__ Mar. 15. _ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15—_ Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15. _ Oct. 15__ Nov. 1 5 Dec. 15__ 111.9 113.5 113.8 114.7 115.5 116.4 116.9 117.1 117.7 118.2 119.0 116.2 118.3 118.0 120.7 123.2 125.3 127.5 128.1 129.5 130.5 132.7 125.8 130.5 132.9 132.4 132.0 132.0 131.7 131.8 131.8 131.8 131.8 100.7 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.7 100.7 100.4 100.3 100.3 100.3 101.7 101.7 101.0 102.8 102.8 104.0 103.6 103.6 103.6 103.6 103.8 127.8 128.8 129.0 128.7 129.1 128.9 128.6 129.1 129.1 129.1 129.1 110.2 111.7 112.3 112.9 113.1 113.9 113.4 113.5 114.5 115.4 115.7 1943: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15. . Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ A u g .15— Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ Nov. 15. . Dec. 15__ 119.5 119.3 121.3 122.5 123.7 123.1 123.2 123.0 123.5 124.2 123.4 123.4 133.8 132.2 136.9 139.9 142.5 142.7 140.1 138.5 138.5 140.2 137.5 135.9 131.9 132.7 134.5 135.0 134.7 135.5 137.0 137.8 141.0 141.5 141.8 143.9 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 105.8 105.8 105.6 105.6 105.7 105.3 105.3 106.5 106.6 106.6 106.8 109.2 129.4 130.4 131.4 131.4 131.3 131.5 131.6 131.7 132.2 132.4 132.6 132.9 115.8 116.7 117.9 118.6 120.3 120.2 120.3 120.8 121.0 121.4 121.4 121.6 1944: Jan.15__ Feb. 1 5 Mar. 15. . Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15— Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15— Oct. 15__ Nov. 15. . Dec. 15__ 123.6 122.9 122.5 123.3 123.9 124.4 124.3 125.0 124.8 124.8 125.5 125.8 136.4 133.6 131.7 132.8 134.1 135.3 134.9 136.7 135.2 134.7 136.7 137.1 144.3 145.0 145.6 146.1 146.3 146.6 146.9 147 3 148.9 149.1 149.3 149.8 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 100.3 109.3 110.7 109.4 109.4 109.4 108.8 108.8 108.9 108.9 108.8 108.8 108.8 133.4 133.6 133.8 133.8 133.8 134.6 134.6 134.6 137.7 138.3 139.0 139.7 121.7 122.1 122.6 124.4 125.1 125.8 125.7 126.0 126.0 126.6 126.6 126.8 1945: Jan. 15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15. . Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 15__ Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15_ Oct. 15__ Nov. 15. . Dec. 15__ 126.1 126.1 126.0 126.4 127.6 128.5 128.9 128.9 129.1 129.0 129.5 129.9 138.0 137.4 136.8 137.8 139.7 141.6 142.2 141.7 141.5 140.2 140.8 140.9 150.2 150.4 150.6 151.3 155.0 156.3 156.7 157.0 159.6 160.9 163.1 165.7 (2) (*) (j) (2) (2) 100.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 100.3 109.0 109.6 109.7 109.1 109.2 109.6 111.8 112.1 111.1 111.1 111.1 111.5 139.9 140.4 140.6 139.9 139.9 140.8 140.9 141.3 142.0 144.4 145.2 145.1 126.8 127.1 127.2 127.4 128.2 128.4 128.7 128.9 128.9 129.3 129.3 129.4 1946:Jan.15__ F eb.15__ Mar. 15. _ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ July 1 5 ... Aug. 1 5 Sept. 15_ Oct. 15__ Nov. 15. _ Dec i 15.— 130.9 130.3 131.2 131.7 131.4 133.8 140.5 142.6 145.0 147.6 150.3 152.0 143.0 141.0 141.3 142.2 141.1 145.5 164.8 169.9 174.7 180.6 186.8 186.1 167.0 165.3 171.2 172.3 172.2 175.7 177.8 179.5 183.9 186.6 189.6 197.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 100.3 (2) (2) 100.3 (2) (2) (2) 112.1 112.1 112.1 112.1 112.2 112.2 116.1 116.5 117.4 117.4 117.1 117.7 145.8 146.5 147.6 147.6 149.4 153.3 156.0 158.0 162.4 168.4 172.0 180.3 129.8 130.6 130.8 131.0 131.1 133.1 133.4 134.3 134.8 135.6 137.1 139.2 1947: Jan. 15__ Feb. 1 5 Mar. 15. _ Apr. 15__ May 15__ June15__ Aug. 15— Nov. 15. . 152.1 151.5 154.7 154.8 154.6 156.0 159.1 161.7 183.7 181.3 190.3 189.4 187.8 190.9 197.1 202.0 201.1 200.2 201.9 202.7 202.8 205.1 208.3 211.7 (2) 100.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) 101.1 101.8 119.7 120.5 120.5 121.0 118.1 118.9 124.5 126.8 183.0 185.8 187.2 188.2 188.3 189.8 193.9 196.7 139.8 140.1 140.5 141.5 143.2 143.7 144.8 146.0 1948: Feb. 15__ May 15__ Aug. 1 5 .. Nov. 1 5 .. 163.2 166.7 169.2 167.1 202.0 209.7 214.9 203.5 215.0 220.1 219.8 221.5 102.5 103.0 103.5 104.1 129.8 130.9 136.4 137.7 201.0 204.5 201.1 204.8 148.4 149.1 152.1 155.4 4Feb. 15,1947, index, * Aug. 15, 1947, index, •Nov. 15, 1945, index. 7 Apr. 15, 1947, index. 8 May 15, 1946, index 62 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES T able C.— Consum ers’ P rice Index fo r M oderate-Incom e F am ilies in Sm all C ities and W ar A ctiv ity C enters in the U nited States, by G roup o f C om m odities, fo r Selected P eriods 1939-47 [December 1940 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] Period 1 All items Food Rent Apparel Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella neous refriger ings ation 93.9 95.2 97.6 100.0 101.8 108.7 114.6 115.8 120.6 126.6 128.1 135.5 140.7 144.7 142.6 141.3 135.1 135.8 141.0 140.8 138.1 144.2 96.2 97.1 97.8 100.0 101.1 104.8 109.0 111.3 114.4 116.6 117.5 120.4 122.8 124.7 124.7 124.5 122.7 123.9 126.8 127.2 126.3 128.5 97.7 97.9 97.6 100.0 102.4 103.3 104.8 105.0 105.2 105.8 106.0 105.8 105.8 106.0 106.8 107.3 107.3 107.6 108.1 (l) 107.7 0) 99.6 99.7 99.9 100.0 100.3 101.7 111.3 115.4 123.7 123.8 124.8 126.1 128.5 129.4 132.4 132.7 134.8 135.2 137.3 139.1 139.5 140.0 93.8 97.1 97.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 105.6 105.8 105.8 105.9 105.9 106.1 106.3 106.3 105.8 106.5 107.3 107.8 107.8 108.0 108.0 108.9 103.7 103.7 100.5 100.0 100.9 103.4 109.0 115.2 118.1 118.1 118.0 117.9 118.0 118.8 118.7 120.6 122.1 122.4 142.2 142.3 142.5 142.4 100.9 102.9 101.2 100.0 98.9 98.9 100.5 101.1 101.5 101.3 101.2 101.5 106.0 106.2 106.2 108.0 106.8 106.8 105.2 104.7 100.4 100.0 100.1 102.8 107.9 112.9 114.9 115.0 115.0 114.9 115.1 115.6 117.5 121.4 129.2 129.6 96.4 98.9 99.7 100.1 98.2 101.1 103.3 103.6 105.2 111.2 109.3 111.4 112.2 112.2 112.2 115.0 115.4 115.4 115.4 115.7 115.6 117.3 112.2 114.3 122.5 124.8 99.5 98.9 99.6 100.2 103.4 106.5 115.6 119.7 121.7 121.5 121.6 121.5 123.5 122.5 128.6 128.9 131.7 134.3 134.8 136.1 130.8 132.0 136.8 137.4 153.4 169.8 98.0 99.0 99.0 98.9 100.0 101.3 99.7 100.0 100.2 100.0 BLOOMINGTON, IND. 1939: June_____ December 1940: June_____ December 1941: March___ June____ September December 1942: March___ June_____ September December 1943: March___ June____ September 1944: March___ September 1945: March___ 97.7 98.7 98.7 100.0 100.4 103.4 105.8 108.5 112.4 114.9 115.2 117.8 121.3 123.6 122.8 122.9 127.5 127.4 1939: October. . 1940:June_____ October. _ 1941: January.. April____ July------October. _ 1942: January. _ April____ July_____ October. . 1943: January. _ April____ July_____ October. _ 1944: January. _ April____ July_____ October. . 1945: January. _ April____ July_____ September 1946: March___ September 1947: April____ 98.8 99.8 99.6 100.1 102.5 106.5 111.0 113.5 117.4 119.7 120.6 122.3 126.2 126.3 126.7 126.0 125.3 127.5 128.1 127.6 127.6 129.7 128.6 129.8 145.9 154.8 93.3 95.6 96.5 100.0 101.1 108.4 112.5 115.9 121.5 127.1 127.7 132.6 138.8 144.5 141.1 137.3 144.6 143.6 99.6 99.7 100.2 100.0 100.1 100.1 100.1 100.0 100.0 100.9 101.1 102.8 102.9 103.4 104.1 106.7 110.2 109.4 99.6 99.9 100.4 100.0 100.4 101.7 105.9 111.4 122.6 122.7 122.5 123.3 124.3 124.5 127.1 129.5 132.0 134.5 BRIDGEPORT, CONN.2 1939: October- _ 100.2 99.3 1940: June____ October. _ 99.8 November 99.5 December 100.0 99.6 102.3 99.1 100.2 104.5 111.8 114.1 119.5 123.3 129.7 133.6 137.7 145.1 144.5 142.5 140.4 136.6 140.8 140.7 139.5 139.2 144.2 141.3 142.3 175.5 187.5 100.8 100.8 100.8 99.6 101.1 102.7 116.4 116.9 130.0 130.1 130.1 126.6 131.6 132.5 140.0 138.7 142.4 144.5 149.1 148.5 149.3 149.0 151.9 156.2 162.0 180.0 96.6 97.0 99.4 100.3 101.8 103.7 106.0 106.6 107.2 102.5 102.3 102.3 *102.4 *102.5 *102.7 *102.8 *102.7 *102.6 *102.6 0) C) *103.1 103.1 103.2 104.0 104.1 CHARLESTON , s. c.< 102.3 99.5 99.7 98.7 100.0 99.4 99.9 99.9 99.9 100.0 99.0 100.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 All items Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella neous refriger ings ation CHARLESTON, S. C.— Continued BATTLE CREEK, MICH. 1939: June____ December 1940: June____ December 1941: March__ June____ September December 1942: March__ June____ September December 1943: March___ June____ September December 1944: March___ June_____ September December 1945: March___ June_____ Period 1 100.2 99.1 99.6 96.0 1941: January. _ 99.8 99.3 100.6 April------ 100.9 101.9 96.5 97.0 July_____ 104.4 111.7 100.6 101.2 October. . 108.2 116.9 106.4 102.6 100.0 111.3 120.9 114.1 100.2 1942: January. _ 113.1 April____ 116.3 127.4 117.2 112.3 103.9 July_____ 117.7 129.8 117.3 112.1 106.0 110.2 October. . 118.7 132.5 117.8 112.1 112.5 1943: January. _ 120.2 136.0 118.3 112.0 April____ 123.9 145.8 119.6 *111.9 112.5 July_____ 123.2 141.7 120.3 *112.1 113.4 142.4 121.4 *112.1 114.5 October- . 124.1 116.2 1944: April____ 123.7 137.2 123.5 *112.4 October- . 125.6 139.7 126.8 *112.6 117.8 119.2 1945: April____ 125.6 138.7 127.1 *112.6 119.3 119.6 CHESTER, S. C. 123.1 124.0 89.2 96.5 95.0 98.6 1939: June____ 125.0 101.2 98.7 96.1 December 99.8 125.7 99.7 97.9 96.1 100.0 1940: June____ 125.4 December 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.1 1941: March___ 102.0 105.6 100.1 June____ 104.3 110.7 102.4 100.2 September 109.0 119.2 114.0 100.8 99.1 December 112.4 124.7 116.2 101.5 99.4 1942: March___ 115.9 130.7 121.4 102.5 121.5 102.6 June____ 116.8 133.1 99.0 September 119.3 139.9 122.3 103.1 100.0 100.2 December 121.5 145.5 122.2 103.1 101.3 1943: March___ 127.5 161.2 123.6 103.4 102.3 June____ 127.9 161.2 124.7 104.0 September 127.7 159 5 126.1 104.4 105.1 108.1 1944: March___ 127.3 154.8 133.0 105.2 September 130.3 160.8 134.9 106.0 109.3 109.3 1945: March___ 130.7 160.5 135.3 107.4 111.3 114.2 CLARKSBURG, W . VA. 114.2 114.5 97.9 95.2 99.7 100.0 116.6 1939: June____ December 97.7 94.6 99.8 100.0 121.1 98.2 99.9 96.5 99.8 121.7 1940: June____ December 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1941: March___ 100.8 102.1 100.0 100.0 100.2 June____ 104.3 111.0 101.1 111.3 100.5 September 107.3 114.1 99.3 December 110.4 118:6 115.6 100.9 98.4 1942: March___ 112.2 121.4 117.7 101.0 99.7 June____ 114.4 126.7 118.0 101.1 September 116.1 100.1 130.9 120.1 101.1 102.3 December 118.1 135.5 120.8 101.1 104.7 1943: March___ 119.8 138.4 123.8 100.9 110.2 June____ 123.2 147.3 124.2 100.7 September 121.0 140.2 125.2 101.1 111.6 115.6 1944: March___ 120.1 135.9 125.8 101.5 September 123.8 141.8 130.5 102.3 116.6 115.0 1945: March___ 123.4 138.6 132.8 103.6 116.2 118.5 CLINTON, IOWA 119.3 120.4 95.6 99.7 1939: June____ 91.8 96.8 120.6 December 96.8 93.5 99.7 96.8 122.2 97.4 95.2 1940: June_____ 99.9 98.0 123.5 December 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 124.3 101.9 99.9 102.0 124.4 1941: March. . . 101.1 June____ 105.4 110.7 100.9 105.5 124.8 September 107.8 110.7 106.3 112.4 124.9 December 110.8 115.6 113.0 107.1 125.3 114.7 1942: March___ 121.6 123.9 107.4 126.3 June____ 117.0 127.1 125.7 108.3 135.5 September 117.6 128.7 126.4 108.1 144.3 December 120.8 136.7 126.8 107.9 1943: March___ 123.3 141.5 129.3 107.8 June____ 126.3 149.1 130.0 107.8 September 124.5 142.4 133.8 107.8 99.4 1944: March___ 123.8 137.8 137.4 108.1 98.8 September 126.5 141.9 139.5 108.2 99.8 1945: March___ 126.9 142.0 140.1 108.4 99.9 100.0 See footnotes on p. 66. 100.0 100.0 100.0 102.8 103.8 103.8 107.0 107.0 107.0 107.2 107.3 107.4 110.8 110.7 110.7 99.9 99.8 100.8 103.3 107.3 108.4 108.3 108.2 108.2 108.4 110.4 111.0 111.6 116.0 116.1 100.0 100.8 102.1 105.3 109.4 111.8 113.3 113.0 113.9 114.3 116.5 118.6 121.8 123.7 125.2 96.8 100.0 96.8 100.0 99.9 100.0 101.7 102.7 102.7 102.1 102.1 102.1 103.8 104.1 104.1 104.4 104.6 105.1 101.3 102.3 99.4 100.0 102.9 104.6 111.9 115.1 118.1 118.7 118.7 119.9 120.2 121.1 121.6 126.4 131.3 136.4 99.4 100.2 98.1 100.0 100.5 101.7 102.8 106.4 108.9 109.1 109.2 110.1 111.0 111.2 111.6 112.0 113.3 113.6 99.4 99.4 98.5 100.0 100.0 97.9 97.9 97.9 97.9 98.0 98.4 98.4 100.1 100.1 100.2 101.7 102.3 102.4 99.7 99.1 98.9 100.0 100.2 104.6 111.4 115.5 119.3 119.4 119.2 119.2 120.2 121.4 126.2 126.2 133.8 140.6 98.2 98.4 98.4 100.0 100.3 101.9 104.1 107.6 109.3 110.5 110.3 111.4 112.3 113.2 113.3 114.8 117.7 118.2 94.6 99.9 98.0 100.0 101.3 100.7 104.0 104.0 104.1 104.1 104.1 104.1 105.4 106.1 106.1 106.4 106.5 106.9 101.8 102.5 100.3 100.0 100.3 103.3 109.7 112.0 117.2 118.0 118.1 118.1 119.1 120.8 122.5 126.8 141.6 145.0 97.0 97.8 98.2 100.0 100.2 102.9 103.7 108.7 111.1 111.2 111.0 112.1 114.0 114.2 114.8 116.5 119.3 120.1 APPENDIX TABLES 63 Table C.— C onsum ers’ P rice Index fo r M oderate-Incom e Fam ilies in Sm all C ities and W ar A ctiv ity C enters in the U nited States, b y G roup o f C om m odities, fo r Selected P eriods, 1939-47 — C ontinued [December 1940 = 100, unless otherwise indicatedj Period1 All items 1939: October. _ 1940: June____ October.. 1941: January— July_____ October __ 1942: January— April____ July_____ October. _ 1943: January— April____ July......... October— 1944: April____ October. _ 1945: April____ 99.6 97.2 99.3 100.4 105.3 110.9 114.0 117.4 120.4 122.3 125.2 128.7 129.8 130.3 129.5 132.5 132.7 1940:June____ December 1941: June____ December 1942: M arch .June_____ September December 1943: M arch .June____ September 1944: March__ September 1945: March__ 97.7 100.0 101.1 108.9 113.2 115.1 116.6 117.9 120.5 123.0 121.3 121.9 124.0 126.0 93.8 100.0 99.1 112.5 120.3 125.7 129.3 132.7 137.1 143.3 136.2 136.0 138.8 140.6 1939: October-_ 1940: June____ October— 1941: January. _ July_____ October— 1942: January_ April____ July------October __ 1943: January_ April____ July_____ October— 1944: April____ October— 1945: April 99.1 97.4 99.3 100.4 105.4 111.9 116.3 119.1 118.7 122.4 124.6 130.7 129.9 131.5 131.5 133.3 134.0 98.6 93.7 98.2 101.0 110.0 118.4 123.8 128.7 127.1 138.0 143.4 156.6 153.2 155.6 151.2 154.8 155.0 Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and fumish- cella neous refriger ings ation Period1 CORPUS CHRISTI, T E X .8 100.1 93.4 98.6 100.7 110.8 116.9 122.3 128.2 136.7 140.9 143.4 151.4 152.2 152.3 147.0 151.1 150.4 99.3 100.6 100.5 99.7 102.7 113.6 118.2 124.0 121.7 124.4 126.4 129.4 130.6 131.8 132.9 135.5 135.7 96.4 97.6 98.2 100.9 102.1 102.2 102.3 102.4 102.4 102.4 103.1 3103.2 *103.8 *103.9 *103.9 *104.1 *104.2 99.3 100.0 101.7 103.3 103.6 103.9 103.4 103.3 103.2 103.2 103.3 103.6 104.8 107.7 102.6 99.7 100.0 100.0 105.0 110.6 116.3 120.5 119.9 119.8 122.0 122.6 123.1 123.2 136.5 144.1 145.8 99.9 98.5 99.7 100.1 103.1 109.5 111.4 113.4 114.9 115.7 121.9 122.7 124.9 126.1 128.2 132.3 133.8 100.0 100.0 100.6 100.6 100.7 101.2 101.2 101.5 101.9 102.8 102.9 105.9 105.9 106.0 99.6 100.0 103.8 115.2 120.5 121.0 120.7 121.1 121.6 121.6 126.4 126.4 128.0 0) 98.1 96.0 100.0 100.0 103.3 106.4 109.7 109.7 110.4 111.3 114.5 111.7 113.4 113.8 120.6 121.0 122.0 102 1 99.2 99.9 100.1 107.9 116.1 119.2 121.3 121.3 121.3 121.3 121.8 123.2 123.8 125.5 132.2 134.6 108.2 105.8 100.3 100.0 100.0 105.4 105.4 105.4 107.7 114.6 114.7 103.7 103.7 102.7 102.9 102.9 103.4 101.4 104.0 103.8 100.2 100.0 100.0 104.1 111.8 117.2 120.8 120.8 120.7 120.9 121.2 121.0 121.5 126.6 141.8 145.1 100.8 100.0 100.1 102.0 102.3 102.3 102.6 98.7 100.0 108.6 117.2 118.4 118.2 118.0 98.8 100.0 101.1 106.3 109.8 109.9 110.0 110.6 113.8 1939:June_____ 97.6 December 98.6 114.8 115.8 1940: June_____ 98.6 December 100.0 116.6 119.6 1941: March__ 100.8 June_____ 104.9 121.5 September 108.9 December 111.9 1942: March__ 115.4 June____ 119.1 99.7 September 120.7 98.9 December 122.9 99.7 1943: March. 126.4 100.1 June____ 129.9 103.5 September 128.4 110.0 December 129.3 114.2 115.9 1944: March__ 128.1 June____ 129.7 116.0 September 131.1 116.2 December 131.6 117.1 1945: March__ 131.9 121.8 June____ 134.1 122.2 123.5 125.6 126.3 127.6 1939: June____ 97.6 December 98.2 1940: June___ _ 98.9 December 100.0 98.8 1941: March__ 100.2 June____ 102.7 98.6 98.1 September 107.3 100.0 December 110.3 100.0 1942: M arch-114.3 101.1 June____ 116.2 101.9 September 117.1 106.5 December 118.9 109.8 1943: March__ 122.1 110.2 June____ 123.1 110.5 September 122.4 111.9 1944: March__ 121.2 111.9 September 124.5 112.8 1945: March__ 126.1 115.7 115.7 116.3 117.1 1939: October- _ 99.3 1940:June____ 100.7 October— 99.6 November 99.6 99.0 December 100.0 100.0 1941: January— 100.1 101.5 April____ 101.5 106.3 July......... 103.7 108.8 October-- 107.6 109.1 See footnotes on p . 66. 124.0 GADSDEN, A LA.8 98.9 100.1 100.0 100.0 103.2 112.9 117.9 122.3 122.3 123.3 122.8 128.8 129.5 132.4 134.8 136.1 138.1 98.2 99.1 99.5 100.2 102.3 104.1 108.1 109.0 109.2 109.2 109.2 *109.3 *109.3 *109.6 *109.6 *109.2 *109.2 GLOBE, ARIZ. 1939:June____ December 1940:June____ > December 1941: M arch .. . June____ September December 1942: March__ June____ September December 1943: M arch-June____ September 1944: March__ September 1945: March__ 97.8 99.5 97.5 100.0 99.8 104.0 107.4 111.0 115.8 117.9 120.8 122.2 122.3 124.6 125.9 124.1 126.8 126.5 91.7 98.2 93.6 100.0 99.2 109.5 115.3 119.9 126.2 130.3 136.1 140.5 139.8 146.5 147.0 139.9 144.7 142.3 99.5 99.8 99.8 100.0 100.4 101.1 109.5 112.6 118.4 118.0 118.6 118.8 122.0 121.5 124.8 127.7 131.2 133.5 99.8 99.8 100.0 100.0 100.1 101.7 102.2 103.1 109.0 110.4 114.8 116.2 115.8 115.6 115.3 115.5 115.6 115.2 GOLDSBORO, N. C. 1940:June____ December 1941: June____ December 1942: M arch .June_____ September 98.3 100.0 103.5 110.5 114.9 115.4 121.4 96.6 100.0 105.3 116.8 125.7 125.8 131.8 98.3 100.0 106.3 114.8 120.7 122.4 124.1 99.1 100.0 101.6 103.8 103.9 105.7 105.3 Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation GOLDSBORO, N. C.— Continued 100.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.5 96.1 FALLS CITY, NEBR. 99.8 100.0 104.7 117.2 121.8 121.8 125.3 125.5 127.5 128.1 130.1 131.3 133.1 135.5 All items 1942: December 1943: March__ June____ September 1944: March__ September 1945: March__ 123.9 126.6 128.7 128.8 129.1 131.2 130.5 1940: June_____ December 1941:June____ December 1942: M arch .— June_____ September December 1943: March. . . June____ September 1944: March__ September 1945: March__ 95.0 100.0 100.0 112.0 115.4 115.7 118.0 122.6 125.7 124.6 125.7 124.8 128.0 129.5 137.6 144.8 150.4 149.4 143.3 144.6 142.3 125.3 126.7 126.9 128.7 132.6 137.4 138.5 104.9 103.8 103.6 103.7 104.1 103.9 104.2 102.8 103.0 104.6 104.6 105.5 106.1 106.4 117.8 117.8 117.9 120.0 120.0 137.9 150.1 125.1 125.4 125.2 125.5 133.2 134.7 133.4 98.0 100.0 99.6 102.8 103.6 101.4 103.0 103.2 104.7 105.1 105.1 105.8 105.8 105.8 98.7 100.0 105.8 116.0 118.6 119.3 119.3 119.2 119.3 119.3 123.0 122.8 125.1 141.8 98.2 100.0 100.3 107.6 109.9 111.4 111.9 116.2 117.5 117.3 118.4 122.0 127.3 127.8 98.7 98.8 97.9 100.0 100.0 101.5 104.0 104.0 104.0 105.4 105.8 105.8 109.8 109.8 110.0 118.1 117.3 116.6 116.1 116.1 116.1 116.1 102.5 102.2 99.4 100.0 101.1 104.6 110.9 118.4 121.6 124.4 124.3 124.5 126.2 128.2 128.7 130.0 137.2 154.5 158.4 159.9 160.3 159.4 97.9 98.6 98.4 100.0 100.7 102.2 104.4 108.2 111.1 111.4 112.7 113.6 117.0 117.0 118.9 119.3 119.6 121.5 121.9 122.5 123.6 124.6 97.4 101.9 99.5 100.0 99.7 99.4 102.3 100.4 100.8 100.5 100.6 100.7 102.8 103.1 103.3 104.0 104.1 105.8 100.6 100.4 100.3 100.0 101.3 103.6 108.3 115.8 120.2 120.5 120.3 120.2 122.4 122.2 125.6 129.7 136.8 142.1 98.5 98.0 98.2 100.0 100.2 101.4 104.8 109.2 111.9 113.4 113.1 114.1 114.6 114.7 115.9 116.7 119.7 121.0 97.6 98.2 99.2 99.6 100.0 100.0 99.6 101.3 102.8 103.4 100.9 100.5 100.7 100.0 99.0 100.0 102.0 105.4 99.5 99.3 100.0 100.1 100.0 99.9 100.2 100.6 102.9 JONESBORO,, ARK. 85.9 100.0 97.0 122.0 126.6 126.7 132.1 142.0 149.7 145.9 146.5 140.2 144.1 146.2 100.0 100.0 103.4 114.1 122.9 123.7 124.5 124.5 124.5 125.2 129.0 130.5 132.6 133.3 99.9 100.0 100.8 101.1 101.8 101.8 102.0 102.5 102.5 103.2 103.3 104.4 104.7 105.0 LEBANON, PA. 95.4 97.5 98.1 100.0 101.0 111.3 117.3 120.3 124.7 133.8 137.1 142.5 148.2 157.0 150.1 148.2 143.4 144.8 147.6 148.2 147.8 153.3 99.1 99.4 99.3 100.0 101.2 102.1 110.1 114.2 123.0 124.0 124.1 124.6 126.8 128.5 133.8 140.9 144.0 145.0 147.4 148.8 149.8 150.1 98.4 99.0 99.6 100.0 100.4 100.4 101.4 102.4 103.4 103.7 103.9 103.9 103.9 104.0 104.2 104.3 104.2 104.7 104.5 (0 104.6 C) MATTOON, ILL. 94.4 95.8 98.2 100.0 100.0 106.4 114.5 117.1 124.6 128.4 130.5 134.9 141.4 144.0 139.1 133.8 139.1 140.3 99.6 99.6 99.8 100.0 100.4 101.4 105.9 111.8 118.9 119.1 120.7 120.8 123.5 123.4 129.4 131.3 134.4 137.8 100.1 100.1 100.2 100.0 100.4 100.0 100.7 101.2 101.0 102.0 102.1 102.1 103.2 103.3 103.6 104.4 105.3 106.6 NEWARK, N. J.* 99.2 102.9 99.3 98.9 100.0 100.6 103.8 108.0 113.2 98.6 99.9 99.4 99.5 100.0 99.3 100.2 101.6 109.2 99.5 99.8 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.5 101.8 104.2 64 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES T able C.— C onsum ers’ P rice Index fo r M oderate-Incom e F am ilies in Sm all C ities and W ar A ctiv ity C enters in the U nited States, b y G roup o f C om m odities, fo r Selected P eriods, 1939-47 — C ontinued [December 1940 — 100, unless otherwise indicated] Period1 AH items Food Apparel Fuel, electric House- Mis Rent ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation NEWARK, N. J.—Continued 1942: January__ April____ July_____ October— 1943: January— April____ July_____ October— 1944: April........ October— 1945: April____ 110.5 113.2 115.4 117.6 120.1 122.5 123.1 123.4 123.9 125.4 125.4 1940: September December 1941: March— June____ September December 1942: March___ June_____ September December 1943: March__ June____ September December 1944: March— June____ September December 1945: M a r ch ... June____ 98.7 100.0 101.8 106.5 111.2 114.5 118.9 119.4 121.0 123.5 126.9 130.9 130.5 129.3 128.7 129.4 129.8 130.4 130.2 131.2 97.8 100.0 103.9 112.0 117.9 121.7 130.0 133.1 136.5 142.0 150.8 162.3 160.0 155.4 152.9 153.6 153.1 154.2 153.2 155.5 1940: June____ December 1941: June____ December 1942: March__ June_____ September December 1943: March__ June____ September 1944: March__ September 1945: March__ 98.3 100.0 101.0 107.6 111.7 114.8 116.7 118.6 121.8 124.7 123.8 122.6 125.5 127.0 95.7 100.0 100.9 112.8 119.3 126.1 130.6 134.6 139.5 143.7 139.7 133.9 137.5 141.2 1939: October __ 1941: January_ April-----July_____ October __ 1942: January— April........ July_____ October. _ 1943: January_ April-----July------October __ 1944: January— April-----July_____ October __ 1945: January_ April____ July......... September 1946: March__ September 1947: April____ 100.6 99.7 100.7 102.0 105.5 108.2 110.9 111.4 114.5 115.4 117.9 117.2 117.5 117.4 118.2 118.1 118.5 118.8 118.9 120.2 119.8 121.1 138.1 146.5 100.1 99.1 101.7 104.7 109.3 114.4 119.2 121.1 128.5 130.0 136.6 134.7 133.9 132.5 132.4 131.8 131.4 132.0 131.6 134.9 132.5 133.9 172.8 185.1 118.1 121.5 127.4 132.7 138.0 143.2 143.8 143.4 140.1 141.3 140.5 114.9 118.8 118.6 118.6 118.0 120.3 120.7 123.5 129.1 135.2 137.4 105.0 108.2 107.8 107.8 107.8 *107.8 *107.8 *107.8 *107.8 *107.8 *107.8 98.8 100.0 102.0 104.4 107.0 108.5 109.4 104.2 103.7 103.3 103.3 103.0 103.0 103.6 103.2 103.3 103.3 103.6 C1) 103.6 109.0 112.2 112.1 112.4 112.2 114.8 115.1 116.8 121.6 129.5 131.2 97.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 104.4 104.5 104.7 104.8 105.7 108.1 108.3 108.4 108.6 110.1 110.1 110.1 108.0 108.3 108.3 107.2 99.9 100.0 99.8 102.4 111.6 115.6 118.7 119.1 119.1 119.1 118.9 119.1 120.4 121.3 122.3 124.2 128.0 128.3 130.1 130.1 101.4 100.0 102.5 103.3 103.3 103.3 103.3 103.3 103.5 108.0 106.2 106.2 107.7 107.7 99.6 100.0 103.9 112.2 114.9 115.3 114.6 114.5 122.5 122.6 124.9 134.8 144.1 145.5 97.6 100.2 100.2 101.3 103.3 103.7 104.1 104.0 104.3 104.8 105.6 105.7 105.9 107.3 107.7 107.7 108.2 108.5 108.6 110.2 110.2 111.3 115.5 121.2 102.3 99.8 100.8 103.5 110.0 113.5 114.8 114.7 114.7 115.0 114.7 115.1 116.3 116.4 122.0 125.2 125.9 127.3 130.7 131.3 133.9 136.5 159.5 170.8 OCONTO, WIS. 99.8 100.0 101.5 109.6 117.7 121.5 121.8 122.2 124.4 125.9 131.3 135.5 138.0 137.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.1 99.9 99.8 99.8 99.9 99.9 100.4 100.9 101.1 99.7 100.0 100.0 99.5 100.2 100.2 100.3 100.0 100.8 100.2 *100.3 *100.4 *100.4 *100.6 *100.7 *100.7 *100.9 (0 *101.0 0) 101.0 101.1 101.3 101.4 OSWEGO, N. Y. i939: June.........I 98.2 I 96.3 I 99.1 I 98.7 I 100.1 I 103.3 December! 98.8 1 97.6 I 99.3 1 98.9 I 99.7 I 103.3 Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation 104.3 1940: June____ 98.9 98.5 December 100.0 100.0 105.6 105.6 1941: March__ 100.3 101.2 June____ 104.5 110.6 107.0 September 108.1 109.2 115.5 December 110.5 118.2 109.9 111.5 1942: March__ 114.4 123.8 June____ 117.4 130.1 112.2 September 118.6 133.0 116.8 December 121.1 139.2 118.6 118.9 1943: March__ 123.9 145.3 June____ 127.2 153.2 September 123.8 142.6 1944: March__ 123.8 139.9 143.1 September 126.1 99.6 100.0 1945: March__ 126.8 143.5 100.2 PHOENIX, ARIZ. 105.1 107.5 1941: June____ 78.3 87.4 112.0 December 92.3 85.8 114.9 1942: M a r ch ... 90.2 95.6 115.8 June____ 93.2 96.9 117.3 September 99.3 97.4 118.8 December 100.2 100.5 119.0 March— 100.0 100.0 118.9 1943: June____ 101.2 103.1 119.3 September 101.4 102.4 120.2 December 100.3 98.6 121.5 _ 99.1 94.9 122.5 1944: March_ 100.3 95.8 June____ 123.3 September 101.9 99.4 123.5 December 101.8 98.7 123.8 1945: March_ _ 101.1 95.8 123.9 June____ 103.2 99.0 100.0 100.0 100.6 101.3 110.6 115.2 123.7 125.7 126.3 126.3 127.7 128.2 131.7 135.6 139.2 141.0 99.8 100.0 99.9 100.6 100.7 100.9 101.2 101.4 101.6 101.4 101.4 101.3 101.3 101.3 101.5 101.5 98.3 100.0 100.0 100.5 102.9 101.6 100.8 101.3 101.7 101.7 103.9 103.7 103.7 106.9 106.3 108.4 99.9 100.0 99.4 102.4 111.2 116.7 120.2 121.1 120.8 120.8 122.6 123.9 125.9 131.8 134.4 137.7 98.5 100.0 99.7 102.1 103.7 106.8 110.8 112.4 112.3 113.6 113.9 115.1 115.8 116.1 119.0 119.6 114.2 114.2 115.1 115.3 115.4 102.5 100.0 100.3 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 85.0 93.4 97.6 97.6 99.2 99.9 100.0 100.0 102.8 103.0 105.3 108.9 110.8 111.3 114.2 117.1 90.6 93.7 96.7 97.7 98.8 99.9 100.0 99.7 100.4 101.7 101.9 104.5 104.6 104.6 105.4 106.8 103.6 101.7 101.7 100.0 99.2 95.2 95.2 95.2 95.3 97.5 97.5 97.5 95.4 95.4 95.5 95.5 95.5 95.5 95.5 95.5 94.3 94.3 94.3 95.3 96.0 98.6 100.8 99.6 99.6 100.0 100.2 104.8 113.3 120.2 122.6 122.4 122.2 122.1 123.0 122.5 122.9 124.1 132.2 136.0 137.5 139.3 147.0 150.2 148.8 151.8 171.7 184.6 99.3 97.4 99.7 100.0 100.2 102.1 105.5 107.7 110.9 111.2 111.9 114.8 117.0 117.8 118.6 119.2 121.3 121.8 122.8 123.4 124.4 125.7 125.9 127.2 131.8 139.7 102.0 96.6 99.9 100.0 100.1 102.4 103.6 103.9 103.9 104.2 104.2 104.4 108.1 105.9 105.9 101.0 99.1 99.5 100.0 100.3 106.8 113.5 117.6 120.3 120.2 120.3 120.3 121.7 122.3 123.9 98.2 98.1 100.1 100.0 100.0 102.6 107.5 108.9 110.9 111.1 112.1 113.5 116.7 118.5 119.5 (Mar. 15, 1943=100) 86.4 92.5 96.9 97.2 98.9 99.8 100.0 99.9 101.2 101.9 103.9 104.9 105.3 107.0 107.6 110.0 97.7 99.1 99.3 98.8 100.6 99.8 100.0 100.1 100.4 100.7 100.3 100.3 100.5 (l) 101.0 0) SAN DIEGO, CALIF. OMAHA, NEBR.2 100.2 100.0 100.5 101.8 109.5 116.5 121.2 120.9 122.7. 123.2 123.9 123.3 125.7 125.9 128.9 129.0 132.4 132.3 132.6 132.6 133.9 140.2 158.7 172.0 All items OSWEGO, N. Y.—Continued 102.8 102.6 103.6 103.5 105.2 105.3 105.2 105.2 107.3 105.6 105.6 NEWPORT NEWS, VA. 100.0 100.0 101.5 103.6 112.0 114.8 120.8 120.8 121.5 122.0 123.5 122.6 125.0 124.9 126.4 127.2 130.6 131.3 132.4 133.4 Period1 98.9 1939: October __ 99.3 99.9 100.3 100.0 1940: June____ 98.5 99.7 100.3 100.7 October __ 99.4 99.6 100.1 104.9 December 100.0 100.0 100.0 107.8 1941: January. _ 100.3 100.2 99.9 108.1 July------- 105.8 112.4 101.1 109.1 October— 111.2 120.8 108.0 110.5 1942: January. _ 115.8 129.4 113.3 114.2 April........ 118.9 132.9 119.9 116.9 July------- 120.1 139.7 118.2 117.9 October— 122.8 147.4 118.5 119.3 1943: January. _ 125.0 151.7 118.5 122.9 April____ 127.6 156.9 121.2 123.0 July------- 126.7 153.8 121.8 October. _ 128.4 157.5 123.5 1944: January. _ 127.6 154.0 125.1 April------ 127.3 150.2 127.7 July......... 128.1 151.7 128.5 102.4 October-_ 130.6 157.3 130.1 99.8 1945: January. _ 130.4 156.3 130.3 100.1 April____ 131.6 158.1 131.4 100.6 July------- 132.4 158.6 132.7 103.4 September 132.5 159.3 131.2 104.3 106.3 1946: March__ 134.6 161.6 140.2 September 145.2 184.3 149.5 106.2 171.1 107.2 1947: April____ 158.6 209.4 108.9 109.0 SOUTH BEND, 109.2 110.2 1939: October. - 98.0 98.4 100.5 111.0 1940: June_____ 98.4 98.7 100.9 112.2 October,. 100.2 100.1 100.8 112.5 December 100.0 100.0 100.0 112.8 1941: January. _ 100.2 100.0 99.6 112.9 July------- 106.2 113.4 101.5 113.2 October. _ 110.6 117.4 112.3 113.2 1942: January— 114.5 125.9 115.2 113.9 April____ 117.6 130.4 124.4 114.3 J u l y ------ 117.2 133.2 124.3 119.3 October- _ 118.4 136.5 126.7 1943: January— 120.6 141.5 124.6 126.0 April------ 124.4 149.5 127.2 July------- 124.3 148.3 127.0 October- - 124.3 147.1 128.8 I 9876 I 98.9 See footnotes on p. 66. 96.6 96.6 97.6 100.0 101.2 107.1 110.4 113.4 114.2 108.5 107.6 107.5 *107.7 *107.4 *107.4 *108.0 *107.7 *107.6 *107.6 0) *107.7 0) 107.9 107.4 108.0 108.8 IND. 92.9 96.5 99.6 100.0 100.1 102.5 104.1 105.9 106.9 100.4 99.2 98.8 *98.8 *98.7 *98.9 65 APPENDIX TABLES T able C.— C onsum ers’ P rice In dex fo r M oderate-Incom e F am ilies in Sm all C ities and W ar A ctiv ity C enters in the U nited States, by G roup o f C om m odities, fo r Selected P eriods, 1939-47 — C ontinued [December 1940 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] Period1 All items Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and fumish- cella refriger ings neous ation Period1 All items 1944: January. _ April____ July_____ October. . 1945: January. _ April____ July------September 1946: M a r ch ... September 1947: April____ 143.6 140.9 146.4 143.8 145.0 144.5 150.8 148.0 144.7 169.5 197.1 128.6 131.1 131.5 135.4 134.4 134.6 134.6 138.7 143.3 158.4 173.9 399.2 *99.2 399.4 899.5 0) 899.5 C1) 99.8 100.3 100.8 100.9 106.9 106.9 107.2 107.5 107.5 107.6 108.7 108.7 108.9 113.4 115.3 124.7 134.5 136.7 137.2 138.5 141.5 140.9 141.0 141.4 158.0 169.0 119.6 120.7 120.9 121.2 121.2 122.8 122.8 122.6 121.9 130.4 138.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.2 100.0 103.0 112.6 114.9 115.4 115.4 115.4 119.8 123.5 132.3 134.6 138.2 136.7 98.1 100.0 102.3 108.5 111.3 111.4 111.4 113.0 113.3 113.3 114.4 115.3 117.3 117.5 97.6 100.0 98.7 100.1 100.0 100.3 105.4 105.4 106.3 106.3 106.3 107.8 107.2 107.7 96.3 100.0 105.1 112.1 115.4 115.7 115.1 115.3 117.0 117.2 121.9 125.2 133.4 135.3 100.4 100.0 103.0 108.5 113.3 114.0 113.5 115.6 119.8 120.1 120.3 121.0 122.5 122.8 STILLWATER, OKLA. 1940: June____ December 1941: June_____ December 1942: March___ June____ September December 1943: March___ June____ September 1944: March___ September 1945: March___ 98.1 100.0 100.7 107.8 109.7 109.8 111.7 114.2 117.2 118.1 118.8 120.3 122.0 122.6 1940: June____ December 1941: June____ December 1942: March___ June____ September December 1943: March___ June____ September 1944: March___ September 1945: March___ 97.5 100.0 103.5 109.2 112.0 114.7 115.4 118.3 121.1 123.6 122.1 120.8 122.8 123.0 1939: October. _ 1940: June____ December 1941: June____ December 1942: March___ July_____ October. _ 1943: January. _ April____ July_____ October- . 1944: April____ October. . 1945: April____ 99.3 98.4 100.0 103.0 109.7 113.9 117.5 118.1 121.6 124.6 123.3 124.1 123.3 124.3 125.9 1940: June____ December 1941: June____ December 1942: March___ June____ September December 1943: March___ June____ September 1944: March___ September 1945: March___ 97.4 100.0 102.3 113.3 114.7 115.6 118.9 122.9 126.7 125.7 129.5 130.0 134.0 135.2 95.1 100.0 99.2 113.6 117.7 118.3 124.2 131.2 138.9 140.1 137.1 136.9 138.6 140.1 99.5 100.0 103.1 112.8 116.7 116.8 117.3 117.5 120.3 121.2 125.8 131.1 135.9 136.3 100.8 100.0 98.1 96.4 93.4 92.6 92.9 92.4 92.7 93.9 96.6 99.1 99.1 99.4 TORRINGTON, CONN. 94.2 100.0 104.2 112.8 114.9 122.2 124.2 130.9 135.3 141.8 136.3 130.4 133.8 133.6 98.0 100.0 109.2 116.2 121.6 121.7 123.0 123.4 125.3 126.6 129.7 134.9 137.4 139.2 98.9 100.0 102.3 104.5 105.3 104.8 102.1 102.0 102.1 102.1 102.1 102.1 102.1 102.1 VALLE JO-BENICIA, CALIF. 98.2 95.9 100.0 104.8 115.8 123.4 130.7 134.3 142.3 149.4 143.3 143.6 140.0 139.1 140.5 98.9 99.8 100.0 103.6 111.9 118.8 120.2 121.1 121.6 121.9 121.0 125.6 130.6 132.8 134.7 98.0 98.3 100.0 102.7 105.6 106.2 107.2 101.3 100.4 *100.3 *100.2 *100.0 *100.0 *99.9 *99.6 109.5 109.5 100.0 101.4 103.4 103.6 103.6 103.7 103.8 100.5 100.4 100.4 94.5 94.5 94.7 99.9 99.0 100.0 104.8 112.5 115.2 115.5 115.1 120.0 121.5 121.3 123.1 124.2 139.3 142.7 97.6 100.0 98.4 102.7 104.0 104.3 105.9 105.7 105.7 105.7 105.7 105.7 110.0 110.0 99.7 100.0 104.6 117.1 120.3 120.4 120.7 120.7 120.7 120.7 121.2 121.6 122.3 123.7 VICKSBURG, MISS. 91.3 100.0 105.3 128.2 129.1 131.0 138.8 147.1 154.2 150.3 158.7 157.1 162.5 158.3 98.9 100.0 103.4 115.8 119.9 120.1 121.6 121.8 122.8 123.6 127.4 130.2 136.1 138.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.4 100.7 102.1 105.9 108.1 106.8 Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella neous refriger ings ation VINELAND, N. J. SOUTH BEND, IND.— Continued 123.3 123.1 125.3 124.9 125.3 125.5 127.8 127.3 126.6 139.5 152.7 Food 1939:June_____ December 1940: June_____ December 1941: March___ June____ September December 1942: March___ June_____ September December 1943: March___ June____ September 1944: March__ September 1945: March__ 98.9 99.5 99.6 100.0 101.1 104.6 109.1 111.5 116.4 119.4 121.0 123.3 125.3 127.6 128.1 127.4 131.3 131.5 98.1 99.4 100.3 100.0 101.9 109.5 115.3 117.3 124.6 130.1 132.8 138.3 144.1 150.2 147.5 141.6 146.2 145.2 99.5 99.6 100.0 100.0 100.3 102.3 114.4 118.0 128.6 129.0 131.1 131.4 131.6 131.7 137.6 142.7 149.8 151.1 100.2 99.9 99.9 100.0 100.4 100.7 101.9 102.2 103.6 103.7 104.4 104.4 104.4 104.3 104.3 104.6 104.6 105.0 98.1 101.2 98.2 100.0 100.0 97.6 100.9 101.4 101.4 101.5 101.6 101.6 101.6 101.6 104.6 108.1 108.9 108.9 102.1 102.4 99.3 100.0 102.6 109.2 116.9 120.8 127.0 127.4 129.1 129.1 129.1 129.2 129.8 134.0 156.6 162.4 98.6 98.7 99.0 100.0 100.9 103.4 105.1 108.6 111.8 115.8 117.0 117.9 117.8 118.0 120.1 121.2 123.8 124.5 100.3 100.3 100.0 100.0 99.6 96.9 96.5 104.4 104.4 104.4 104.4 104.8 105.0 105.0 105.0 105.1 92.0 112.3 101.6 102.0 99.4 100.0 101.0 103.7 112.7 114.8 120.4 120.9 121.3 121.4 122.8 123.7 124.2 124.9 136.9 141.1 98.3 98.7 98.1 100.0 100.3 101.7 103.0 107.1 109.9 111.5 111.9 115.8 116.6 117.4 117.7 119.4 121.4 122.7 100.0 100.0 100.3 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.6 100.2 101.6 99.7 99.9 100.6 100.6 99.2 100.0 104.3 113.2 116.1 116.1 116.2 116.3 116.4 116.5 122.8 128.7 137.7 143.5 97.4 100.0 101.6 105.9 108.5 108.9 110.2 110.6 113.1 112.8 114.3 114.4 121.0 121.3 96.8 96.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 102.6 102.5 102.5 102.8 102.8 103.7 104.6 105.1 106.3 108.1 108.9 108.9 108.9 101.4 99.7 100.0 100.3 99.7 100.0 107.0 114.0 117.4 120.8 121.7 121.3 123.4 125.6 132.1 133.9 136.4 138.1 142.1 148.5 99.2 98.8 99.8 9 9 .9 100.1 100.5 101.2 104.1 104.7 107.9 108.6 108.5 108.8 110.4 110.5 113.1 115.0 117.5 118.4 119.1 WALLA WALLA, WASH. 1939: June_____ December 1940: June_____ December 1941: March___ June_____ September December 1942: March— June_____ September December 1943: March— June____ September 1944: March— September 1945: M arch— 98.3 98.9 99.2 100.0 101.2 103.6 107.8 110.8 115.1 117.2 119.1 122.4 123.1 124.9 125.7 125.4 127.1 129.7 95.9 97.5 99.9 100.0 103.8 109.6 117.8 120.3 126.9 131.4 136.7 143.2 143.1 147.3 147.8 144.2 148.4 149.4 99.9 100.0 99.9 100.0 100.1 101.4 110.6 113.0 122.4 123.2 123.3 123.4 126.8 127.7 130.3 133.2 135.3 137.9 100.2 100.2 100.1 100.0 100.1 100.2 100.2 100.2 101.0 101.0 101.4 101.3 101.3 101.8 102.6 102.9 102.9 103.8 WATERTOWN, S. DAK. 98.1 1940: June____ December 100.0 1941: June____ 102.7 December 108.6 1942: March— 111.6 June____ 113.6 September 114.1 100.3 December 115.9 99.3 1943: M a r ch ... 118.2 100.0 June____ 120.1 101.0 September 119.2 105.0 1944: March__ 119.6 107.3 September 123.3 109.2 1945: March__ 124.5 110.9 112.8 114.4 118.9 99.3 119.3 1939: October ._ 119.7 1940:June_____ 99.9 October __ 99.2 122.9 November 99.4 126.2 1941: January. _ 99.8 April____ 101.2 July------- 104.3 October _. 108.0 100.8 1942: January. _ 111.1 100.0 April____ 115.5 100.4 July_____ 115.2 105.4 October.. 117.8 106.4 1943: January. _ 119.3 107.2 April____ 124.7 108.8 July_____ 123.2 112.9 October.. 124.1 117.7 1944: January. _ 124.9 118.2 April____ 125.0 118.9 July......... 127.0 119.7 O ctober.. 127.0 122.2 131.3 See footnotes on p . 66. 96.7 100.0 105.7 116.2 120.6 126.6 125.8 131.1 135.5 141.0 134.6 134.7 136.9 138.5 99.5 100.0 103.0 111.9 119.4 119.5 121.7 121.9 123.7 123.7 127.0 128.1 129.3 130.8 99.8 100.0 100.4 101.0 100.8 100.9 101.4 101.4 101.7 102.5 103.8 103.8 108.7 109.8 WICHITA, KANS. 100.2 102.2 97.5 97.8 99.4 103.3 109.8 113.4 119.8 129.1 132.2 139.5 142.4 156.2 150.1 149.2 149.5 147.6 151.9 150.2 99.5 100.6 100.5 100.5 99.5 99.7 100.6 103.2 105.7 107.0 107.1 109.0 110.0 111.7 114.3 117.0 117.7 119.2 120.2 122.2 98.3 99.0 99.7 100.0 100.0 100.6 103.9 110.2 113.4 115.3 105.3 105.1 105.4 *105.2 *105.3 *105.8 *105.6 *105.5 105.5 *105.7 66 co n su m ers’ p r ic e s in th e u n it e d states T able C.— Consumers’ Price Index for Moderate-Income Families in Small Cities and War Activity Centers in the United States, by Group o f Commodities, for Selected Periods, 1939-47— Continued [December 1940 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] Period 1 AH items Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation Period 1 WICHITA, KANS.—Continued iy40: January.. April____ July_____ September 1946: March__ September 1947: April____ 127.7 128.7 129.4 128.8 129.5 145.3 154.4 151.4 153.4 154.4 152.2 151.4 190.9 203.3 122.9 0) 124.5 3105.8 125.2 <l) 124.9 105.4 128.0 7105.2 135.0 105.6 151.5 104.6 91.8 93.5 96.9 100.0 98.0 98.0 99.9 100.0 100.2 100.2 100.0 100.0 148.4 148.5 148.5 149.6 158.0 169.8 196.4 119.8 120.4 120.6 121.5 123.1 127.7 134.3 94.8 95.4 95.1 100.0 101.3 100.5 99.8 100.0 97.9 97.9 98.0 100.0 1Data not available. 2 Prices for December 1940 base, estimated by assuming an even rate of change between nearest pricing dates. 2 Rental data apply to 1 month earlier. 4 From October 1939 to January 1941, indexes of living costs in Charleston were computed by combining figures on changes in food, fuel, and rental costs in this city with figures on average changes in costs of apparel, housefurmshings, and miscellaneous goods and services in 34 large cities in the United States. 5 From October 1939 to January 1941, indexes of living costs in Newark were computed by combining figures on changes in food, fuel, and rental Food Apparel Rent Fuel, electric House- Mis ity, and furnish cella refriger ings neous ation ZANESVILLE, OHIO—Continued 108.9 108.8 111.0 111.3 112.1 117.2 123.5 ZANESVILLE, OHIO 1939:June____ 96.3 Dec.8 ___ 96.9 1940: June____ 98.1 December 100.0 All items 1941: March 8_ June____ Sept. 8__ December 1942: M a r ch ... June____ September December 1943: March__ June____ September 1944: March__ September 1945: M a r ch ... 100.3 100.0 102.0 103.3 106.9 113.1 109.7 116.3 112.6 121.6 113.9 ! 125.1 114.6 126.4 117.6 134.1 120.2 139.8 122.3 145.5 120.5 139.4 118.9 131.4 122.1 134.7 124.0 138.1 100.6 101.9 105.4 110.6 114.8 115.1 118.0 118.5 119.4 119.3 120.7 123.2 126.6 127.9 100.5 101.0 101.5 102.0 101.8 101.6 101.5 101.3 101.3 101.3 101.7 102.1 103.9 105.1 100.0 100.0 108.4 108.5 108.7 108.7 108.7 108.7 111.5 111.5 111.5 115.4 115.6 118.4 101.6 104.7 107.9 112.9 116.1 115.2 114.6 114.5 115.1 115.2 116.7 122.6 141.5 140.9 100.1 101.4 103.4 106.5 108.9 109.4 109.1 110.3 111.1 111.7 112.0 113.6 116.7 117.3 costs in this city with figures on average changes in costs of clothing, house * furnishings, and miscellaneous goods and services in New York City. ®Prices for clothing and miscellaneous commodities and services in Wichita, collected for quarterly dates since January 1941, and housefumishmgs prices collected since July 1942 have now been used in preparing a complete cost-of-living index. Previously estimates of changes in the cost of living in Wichita were prepared on the basis of changes in the cost of food, rent, and fuel in that city and in other costs in large cities in the United States. 7 Data apply to January 1946. 8 Estimated. 67 APPENDIX TABLES T able D.— Estimated Indexes o f Consumers’ Prices for 7 Additional Cities, for Selected Periods, 1935-45 [1935-39 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] All items 1 Period Food Rent Fuel, electricity, and refriger ation October____________ 1942: January____________ A p r il... July_____ October____________ 1943: January____________ March______________ June_______________ September__________ December__________ 1944: March______________ June_______________ September__________ December__________ 1945: March______________ 99.8 98.3 99.2 99.0 100.4 103.1 108.2 110.2 113.3 114.9 116.9 117.6 120.4 121.7 122.1 123.0 122.1 123.2 124.6 125.3 125.7 95.8 91.2 93.1 92.6 95.7 100.9 110.0 112.7 116.0 120.9 126.1 127.2 134.3 136.6 134.8 135.5 131.6 130.8 132.9 133.4 133.8 104.4 104.5 104.5 104.6 104.5 105.1 105.5 106.3 106.6 106.9 107.0 106.7 106.6 107.0 107.1 107.2 107.2 107.4 107.4 107.8 107.7 KNOXVILLE, TENN. (June 1940 = 100) 1940: October____________ 1941: January ____ April_______________ J u ly ___________________ October____________ 1942: February___________ M ay_______________ July............................. October____________ 1943: January _ March______________ June. . _ September__________ December__________ 1944: March......................... June_______________ S ep tem b er............. December__________ 1945: March......................... 99.0 99.3 101.2 104.8 108.9 113.0 118.0 117.7 119.6 122.2 125.7 129.3 129.9 130.4 128.9 130.7 132.7 133.2 132.7 96.0 97.1 101.2 109.0 113.7 120.7 131.0 130.3 134.9 141.4 149.7 158.5 157.9 157.4 151.7 154.1 157.9 158.3 156.3 100.2 100.1 100.8 101.0 102.3 103.3 104.4 104.0 104.1 103.9 103.9 103.7 103.8 104.3 104.1 103.8 103.8 103.7 103.7 LITTLE ROCK, ARK. 1939: October____________ 1940: .Tune October____________ 1941: January. _ April___. _ July................. .......... October____________ December__________ 1942: March______________ July________________ Oetnbnr . _ . . . . . . . 1943? January .. . March______________ June _ _ September December__________ 1944:~March _ _ __ .Time . _ September December. __ 1945: March--------------------- 100.0 99.3 98.9 100.2 101.9 105.4 110.2 112.5 116.4 117.5 119.6 120.0 123.1 124.4 123.4 124.3 124.1 125.3 127.2 127.4 127.4 97.2 95.3 92.8 95.6 98.4 104.9 111.3 115.5 120.1 124.7 130.5 130.6 137.4 140.1 135.0 135.5 133.2 133.8 137.4 137.0 136.1 104.4 105.4 106.1 107.4 109.4 111.2 113.7 115.4 116.9 118.5 117.1 117.1 117.0 116.7 117.1 117.5 118.0 118.2 118.3 118.4 118.5 LOUISVILLE, KY. 1939: October____________ 1940: October____________ 1941: April_______________ July________________ O ctober.___________ 1942: January____________ April_______________ July________________ October____________ 1943: January------------------- 99.9 99.7 102.5 107.0 110.9 113.9 117.4 117.4 119.4 120.5 96.5 94.9 99.7 107.9 111.6 116.8 120.6 122.4 126.9 128.9 Food 104.4 104.8 109.1 112.7 115.7 116.5 118.0 113.0 112.8 112.8 132.6 122.6 96.3 1943: March______________ 139.5 125.7 June_______________ 96.2 134.9 September__________ 124.8 96.3 134.0 125.1 December__________ 96.4 129.7 123.9 97.3 1944: March______________ 126.2 132.9 June_______________ 97.5 131.7 126.5 September__________ 97.6 132.0 127.0 December__________ 98.0 130.2 126.6 98.4 1945: March______________ 96.4 NEW HAVEN, CONN. 97.1 97.1 1939: October____________ 95.9 103.0 97.2 1940: June_______________ 104.2 98.6 97.5 103.3 95.0 October____________ 97.7 1941: January____________ 95.7 103.9 98.1 106.2 99.8 April_______________ 94.6 105.9 109.5 July________________ 94.7 108.3 114.4 October____________ 94.8 111.1 115.9 December__________ 94.9 1942: March______________ 121.1 118.0 94.8 124.2 125.0 July________________ 128.6 125.4 October____________ 132.1 126.9 1943: January____________ 129.7 136.1 March______________ 100.1 143.1 132.9 June_______________ 100.1 136.6 131.4 September__ _______ 100.7 136.9 131.5 December__________ 101.5 133.0 130.8 March......................... 106.0 1944: June_______________ 131.2 132.6 106.5 136.3 133.4 September__________ 106.3 135.3 132.9 December__________ 106.3 133.5 132.3 106.6 1945: March______________ 106.7 PEORIA, ILL. 106.8 108.3 1939: October____________ 97.7 99.9 108.3 1940: June_______________ 100.1 100.8 108.9 98.4 100.6 October____________ 111.2 1941: January____________ 99.0 100.8 111.5 April _ 103.5 102.4 111.9 July________________ 110.2 106.0 111.9 114.7 October _ _ _____ 109.6 111.9 1942: February-_ 121.2 ___ 113.5 129.0 117.6 M ay_______________ 130.0 July ___ ___ 117.9 135.2 120.0 October____________ 96.4 1943: January____________ 136.1 120.8 94.2 123.1 March______________ 140.8 95.3 146.9 125.8 June_______________ 97.1 September _____ 140.6 124.3 97.1 140.8 125.0 December__________ 97.8 1944: March______________ 138.0 124.6 100.4 138.2 125.7 June_______________ 100.4 127.3 140.6 September__________ 104.8 140.5 127.8 December__________ 104.8 1945: March______________ 139.7 127.8 105.1 ROCHESTER, N. Y. (05.3 (07.1 97.4 100.1 107.1 1939: October____________ 101.7 101.6 107.2 1940: June_______________ 100.5 97.5 October____________ 109.1 99.9 101.5 109.4 1941: January..__________ 103.1 April_______________ 103.0 109.4 109.7 106.3 July............................. 109.6 111.1 108.9 October____________ 108.8 116.3 111.8 108.8 1942: January____________ 114.0 118.4 March______________ 125.5 115.8 July.......................... 128.2 117.0 October____________ 132.2 118.8 100.0 1943: January__ _________ 121.3 137.6 March_____________ 101.9 122.0 138.6 June_______________ 102.5 September ..... . 132.1 120.4 104.2 121.2 132.5 December__________ 105.5 128.2 120.2 105.5 1944: March_____________ 131.3 122.5 June_______________ 105.8 124.0 133.8 September__________ 106.4 124.5 134.0 December__________ 106.7 124.3 132.6 106.6 1945: March--------- ----------- 1Except for New Haven, the “ all items” index is based on changes in local prices of food, rent, gas, and electricity, and average changes in prices of other goods and services in large cities in the United States. The New Haven All items 1 Rent Fuel, electricity, and refriger ation LOUISVILLE, KY.—Continued DALLAS, TEX. 1939: October____________ 1940: June_______________ October____________ 1941: January____________ Period 112.8 113.1 113.2 113.2 113.1 113.0 113.2 113.6 113.6 108.5 108.6 109.2 110.5 110.8 111.0 111.1 111.1 111.1 104.4 104.4 105.0 105.3 106.0 106.5 108.4 108.8 109.6 109.9 106.8 106.6 106.5 106.8 106.8 106.9 106.9 106.9 106.8 106.9 106.9 95.6 100.7 99.7 103.3 100.5 101.3 106.5 105.3 105.3 115.6 111.2 113.4 114.2 114.1 114.1 115.3 115.6 115.8 115.7 115.7 116.2 104.4 104.4 104.4 104.4 104.7 104.7 104.8 104.7 104.7 104.6 104.7 104.8 104.8 105.0 105.0 105.2 105.9 106.1 106.9 107.5 106.9 91.9 94.5 96.1 96.1 96.3 98.0 99.2 100.6 102.0 102.0 101.2 103.5 104.1 104.3 105.1 105.8 105.8 105.8 105.9 106.6 108.7 104.4 104.5 104.6 104.7 104.9 105.2 105.9 106.8 107.3 107.5 107.5 107.4 107.4 107.6 107.6 107.7 107.8 108.0 108.1 108.1 108.1 96.2 99.9 97.8 100.2 100.4 102.9 104.6 104.6 104.7 105.4 105.4 106.4 106.5 106.5 106.5 107.9 109.6 111.8 111.8 111.9 112.9 “ all items” index is based on changes m prices of food, rent, fuel, and electricity in that city, and average changes in prices of other goods and services in Bridgeport, Conn. 68 CONSUMERS' PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES T able E.— A pparel : Indexes of Retail Prices of Selected Articles Purchased by Moderate-Income Families in Large Cities of the United States, 1935-481 [1935-39 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] Wool apparel Period * AU Men's ap ap parel parel 3 ftSfl 96, g 96 98 7 96^ 9 96 7 93. 96 96.8 8 97.6 8 9 7 Apr 9 7 .3 9 7 . 2 9t!4 97.3 97 3 97! 98.7 9 7 , 2 97! 5 9 9 .0 Sept 6 9 7 97 7 4 97. fi ! 97! 5 99.1 95.9 94.8 95.1 95.0 95.9 99.4 .7 104.6 102.3 104.2 107.5 107.3 .O 0 8 9 7 9 7 2 8 103 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 9 1 0 0 8 101 0 1 0 2 8 1 0 2 102 5 108 104 1 fi! 105. 5 1 0 6 1 0 2 2 102 9 . 103.2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 1 0 2 .2 2 4 100 9 1 0 1 100 5 100 4 100 3 100 3 101.3 1940: Average .7 M ar ____ ! June___ lOl! 7 Sept___ Dec____ 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 101. 0 100 7 100 4 100 3 1 0 0 2 100/2 1 0 1 .1 1 0 1 .8 1 0 1 .8 Total 94.3 94.1 94.3 94.4 9 7 2 104.9 104 3 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 103.9 105.1 104.1 1 ! 8 0 101 4 100l9 1 0 0 1 0 2 .8 101.9 1 0 1 .1 101.7 102.3 102.4 102.4 102.3 102.5 101. 5 ! lOl! 5 0 1 0 1 .6 1 0 1 1 0 1 .2 1 0 1 .6 1 0 2 .1 1 0 1 .2 1941: Average 106.3 M a r__ I 103.3 Sept___ lio! Dee 114! 107.3 103.1 104.7 ! 114.1 106.3 .4 t Q4 X-2 6* 1 AAV V PT CiA o ffA gc_ M ar___ June___ Sept___ Tlftp. 124.2 123.6 125! 3 125! 125! 9 125.3 124! 7 126! 5 ! 127.4 123.2 122! 7 124! 3 124! 5 124*. 5 122.9 129.7 127.6 127.9 Sept _____ 132! 5 D aa 134! 130.8 128.8 129.7 132. 5 134! 129.0 126! 126! 132! 1 134! 2 129.4 126.4 126.7 132.8 135.1 "Dee 138.8 136.7 138*0 141.4 142! 137.3 135.6 136! 5 138! i 4o!o 140.4 137! 4 139.0 143! 5 145! 2 138.8 136.2 136.4 142.2 143.2 I04.fi’ X < n u « xAverage v v v*. c » 5 v _ M a r___ June___ Sept T>ee 145.9 143* 145.4 148.2 149.4 143.3 14o!6 142.3 145! 2 147.7 148.4 146! 3 148.0 150.6 150.6 145.6 143.7 144.2 147.6 148.5 1Q4A* Average M ar___ P ftA 160.2 153.1 157.2 165.9 176.5 163.2 152! 4 159.3 169.1 184 158.4 153.4 154! 7 I !4 169.0 154.2 148.9 152.5 158.1 161.8 1947: Average M a r__ 7 June___ Sept___ Dec....... 185.8 184.3 185.7 187! 191.2 191.4 19o!3 191.2 1912 196.1 180.8 179! 1 180.8 1948. Average M a r__ I June. Sept — Dec....... 198.0 196.3 196.9 ! 200.4 203.2 20l! 7 203.6 205*. 3 205.5 8 8 1 8 043* Average Mar*___ 6 1044* X 9 T t > AAverage VV i M a r___ June___ Sept___ in u ,A v c ia g c _ Sept___ 8 7 6 2 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 7 1 0 6 8 . 0 ♦September 1947 = 100. 107.8 103.6 105.1 1 0 1 1 0 2 .1 110. 7 115! 5 1 1 2 .8 113.3 2 6 2 1 0 0 .6 ioo.o 185.8 102.4 1 0 2 .8 170.0 166.3 168.0 174.7 175.5 193.1 19l! 9 191 196*. 195.7 105.0 103.8 103.8 107.3 106.8 104.4 103.3 103.4 106.4 105.7 185.1 178.8 181.5 193.2 192.5 6 8 93.5 93.7 102.7 109.1 106.7 103.6 102.4 97.7 105.6 100.5 94.5 94.4 94.4 94.5 102.4 103.6 1 0 1 .1 95.1 95.9 94.9 95.3 95.3 96.6 97.8 95.1 95.1 104.4 101.4 103.7 107.5 108.7 104.3 104.3 105.9 104.8 102.7 101.4 105.0 100.7 100.5 100.4 1 1 2 .6 1 1 0 .8 111.3 1 2 0 .1 119.2 122.4 124.3 124.3 124.7 i27.4 128.8 126.5 129.3 129.3 129.9 130.2 131.6 135.4 i36.4 133. i 134.9 136.9 137.8 136.0 i46.8 151.3 142.7 147.2 155.2 i56.8 157.9 mT 161.0 161.9 164.2 167.4 166.5 166.9 95.9 94.6 95.5 95.3 96.4 97.3 97.8 97.2 97.2 97.2 97.2 1 0 0 .6 104.3 101.7 103.5 107.1 108.9 104.1 102.3 104.6 106.8 104.0 104.4 106.1 104.8 1 0 1 .8 96.7 96.6 104.9 103.0 106.8 106.7 1 0 1 .2 101.7 1 0 0 .6 1 0 0 .1 101.4 1 0 0 .1 100.5 1 0 1 .2 1 0 1 .2 1 0 0 .8 101.7 101.7 101.7 101.7 161.8 1 0 2 .1 1 0 1 .8 101.4 101.7 106.3 109.1 105.2 107.2 108.3 103.9 105.6 114.9 116.0 . 2 105.8 108.7 104.3 106.1 1 1 2 .8 115.9 129.6 129.2 131.8 131.9 132.2 124.2 134.3 133.4 134.0 135.1 137.3 13i.3 137.9 138.1 138.0 138.4 138.3 140.5 140.2 138.6 139.0 142.1 143.4 145.5 154.8 146.7 156.2 158.4 167.5 162.6 127.3 126.7 128.9 128.9 129.3 134.3 133.3 133.3 135.9 137.2 106.0 104.7 103.9 103.4 101.5 100.3 1 0 0 .8 99.8 101.7 1 0 0 .2 1 0 1 .6 100.3 1 0 0 .8 1 0 0 .6 1 0 1 .8 1 0 1 .6 101.3 1 0 1 .1 1 0 0 .8 _________ 101.9 115.0 113.9 108.7 117.8 118.6 117.5 119.6 119.0 121.4 119.7 115.4 114.2 132.5 134.8 135.2 136.4 123.1 127.2 112.7 136.4 139.6 138.4 141.2 149.2 150.1 152.4 154.9 149.3 145.9 148.1 152.4 154.1 150.6 157.1 151.5 156.3 154.1 150.9 i58.0 159.8 164.2 155.8 161.3 169.4 178.3 175.1 177.3 162.4 164.8 156.3 153.2 168.4 167.2 179.4 175.0 178.5 191.9 182.3 188.8 ............. 178.3 184.7 184.7 170.0 162.8 171.2 ............. 162.0 168.8 164.1 189.7 ....... 184.3 ............. 206.2 204.7 206.6 210.9 209.9 186.4 182.9 186.5 191.4 192.1 182.2 178.5 110.7 217.0 221.7 ............. 109.7 126.4 132.0 142.2 146.1 147.7 135.7 136.3 150.9 161.3 154.8 154.5 140.6 146.8 149.4 156.6 152.3 155.5 150.5 149.3 165.8 171.3 189.7 115.2 115.2 129.7 148.8 149.4 For other footnotes see p . 79. 1 1 2 .1 1 1 0 .8 1 2 2 .6 154.7 164.5 163.7 108.0 126.2 126.5 135.6 124.8 132.6 101.3 1 0 1 .1 1 0 1 .1 1 1 2 .1 140.9 138.9 140.2 142.8 144.1 218.2 98.6 1 0 2 .1 100.3 1 0 0 .8 1 0 2 98.2 99.5 104.0 101.7 96.7 96.9 96.9 103.4 101.5 102.3 99.5 99.5 96.6 93.4 98.3 99.2 1 0 0 .6 102.4 102.5 93.4 96.6 1 0 2 .6 1 0 0 .8 96.2 94.7 97.6 1 0 0 .2 1 0 0 .8 1 0 2 .2 111.7 96.7 96.7 96.7 96.7 Coats, Coats, heavy light Suits* Skirts Dress es weight, weight, plain plain 100.9 97.9 102.3 I04.T1 l02.4 105.3 103.3 94.6 94.6 94.6 94.6 1 0 1 .2 1 0 2 .2 1 2 1 .6 123.9 124.9 125.2 6 mi 94.9 1 0 1 .0 101.9 .9 1 0 2 .1 93.3 Coats, Suits, Suits, heavy, Top year- sum Trou Jack Sweat furets trim coats round mer sers ers weight weight med 1 0 0 .8 1 0 1 1 0 2 Over coats 1 0 1 .2 6 100 4 100 4 100 3 .5 Women’s Men’s 96 !6 9 7 1 0 2 8 Tien 5 8 Wom en’s Boys’ Girls’ ap ap ap parel parel* parel * 1 0 0 .0 _______ 96.9 160.5 166.2 103.8 ____ ........ 175.8 171.0 APPENDIX TABLES 69 T able E.— A pparel : Indexes of Retail Prices o f Selected Articles Purchased by Moderate-Income Families in Large Cities o f the United States, 1935-481— Continued [1935-39 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] Cotton apparel Wool apparel—Continued Men’s Children’s Period * Boys’ over coats* Boys’ suits* Boys’ Boys’ macki slacks* naws Girls’ coats* Suits Trou sers, work Over alls Shirts, work Shirts, busi ness Paja mas 98.1 100.8 100.8 100.8 100.8 102.6 102.8 102.9 101.9 102.2 101.8 101.8 103.1 98.6 98.5 98.5 98.9 98.2 98.1 98.1 98.7 100.7 100.8 100.8 100.8 101.3 101.2 101.2 101.8 99.5 99.8 99.6 99.3 99.3 99.5 100.1 101.1 100.8 101.1 101.2 101.2 101.0 100.6 102.6 100.8 100.1 99.9 99.8 101.1 103.1 101.2 100.9 100.6 99.7 99.0 98.9 98.6 98.7 99.1 100.0 98.8 98.1 99.2 98.7 98.7 99.2 99.2 99.8 99.8 98.8 98.8 98.8 100.3 101.1 100.9 100.1 99.7 99.7 102.4 101.0 102.4 104.2 103.3 102.0 103.5 102.8 104.0 104.4 103.6 103.0 101.7 103.8 104.6 102.8 103.4 102.4 103.5 104.9 104.5 102.6 102.0 103.4 103.3 102.6 102.1 100.9 102.6 103.2 103.2 102.6 100.8 104.6 103.6 102.7 102.6 101.0 103.7 103.8 103.4 99.7 100.7 99.2 98.7 98.8 100.1 98.5 99.4 98.2 97.0 97.1 97.7 97.8 97.1 96.9 96.9 98.3 99.6 97.6 98.7 96.7 100.5 100.7 100.2 100.2 100.1 100.8 100.9 100.4 100.4 100.4 99.4 99.8 98.8 98.8 98.8 98.7 99.1 98.0 97.9 97.9 98.6 98.7 98.8 97.8 99.5 98.1 96.2 96.4 95.9 95.7 96.4 95.9 95.9 95.3 95.2 97.5 95.1 95.1 94.7 94.6 95.3 99.4 99.3 99.2 99.0 99.9 100.1 99.8 99.8 99.8 101.5 98.1 97.8 97.8 97.8 98.8 96.9 96.7 96.7 96.6 97.2 99.8 99.8 99.9 99.8 100.0 102.1 97.4 97.1 97.3 97.9 98.0 99.2 99.3 99.6 99.2 99.2 97.5 96.8 97.4 97.7 98.5 100.1 100.2 100.2 99.8 100.0 101.4 101.5 101.5 100.9 101.5 98.6 99.8 97.8 97.8 98.8 96.9 97.3 96.8 96.6 96.7 110.9 101.4 107.5 118.6 125.3 109.0 99.4 103.7 116.5 126.9 103.8 100.1 100.8 107.0 111.6 111.9 102.6 107.6 119.4 126.0 105.5 99.8 99.8 109.6 119.4 103.1 97.2 98.1 109.7 114.5 Total 99.7 99.7 99.5 99.7 U ftp p .m h A r 1940* A vA ra jrA TVTn.rr»h J im a RApt.Aim'hAr December.. . . Shorts, Under Unionsuits woven shirts 107.4 100.5 102.7 112.5 120.9 104.0 105.9 99.4 103.1 111.1 117.4 132.3 133.0 133.7 133.3 133.7 117.8 129.5 129.1 130.8 130.8 131.6 139.0 138.0 140.2 140.2 140.2 141.3 140.6 143.0 142.5 143.0 124.6 124.5 125.6 125.4 126.3 144.4 143.8 146.1 147.2 148.3 132.6 132.7 133.7 134.6 134.6 130.6 129.7 131.9 132.8 133.3 135.4 December 139.6 136.3 137.6 143.1 145.2 134.3 134.2 134.2 135.1 136.0 143.6 141.3 141.3 146.1 147.3 148.5 145.8 147.3 150.6 152.9 130.1 127.4 128.2 133.0 133.9 158.1 153.9 156.1 162.8 165.0 148.4 139.3 148.8 152.6 162.1 138.4 136.2 136.6 140.4 143.8 A V A .rajrA M a r Ah J irn A SA pt.Am hA.r D o f ip m h p r 152.3 148.6 152.0 154.9 158.2 141.2 137.7 136.8 137.7 138.6 138.6 150.1 148.9 149.9 149.9 154.8 156.5 153.9 155.7 157.1 161.3 136.8 135.7 136.8 137.5 139.2 178.4 168.9 176.7 184.5 192.8 174.6 165.0 171.6 182.0 188.6 148.0 145.9 148.1 149.4 151.2 1 9 4 5 • A VA.rs^A M arch JnnA S a p tA m h A r 165.8 159.7 164.8 170.1 173.8 145.3 144.7 140.4 144.8 144.8 153.2 161.1 156.4 161.3 163.4 167.1 162.8 160.3 162.1 164.5 165.9 145.3 135.5 142.0 151.6 160.0 204.2 201.7 205.6 204.5 209.9 205.9 185.8 205.7 229.4 209.1 159.1 153.0 156.1 161.6 174.1 196.0 181.8 190.0 204.5 224.4 168.1 176.2 161.7 177.6 188.6 197.0 198.3 169.7 205.1 214.6 235.2 186.4 168.3 189.6 194.2 212.2 192.8 173.5 182.6 210.0 239.4 272.8 262.4 270.0 277.6 317.6 236.9 208.2 226.7 259.1 297.9 182.7 171.7 171.7 188.4 209.2 182.6 198.6 197.8 197.8 198.9 201.1 231.8 248.5 227.4 222.4 220.5 209.6 215.9 207.1 205.6 207.9 247.8 246.3 247.7 247.4 249.3 339.4 335.5 345.8 342.0 343.2 298.0 295.2 210.8 213.3 208.7 209.8 208.7 202.2 201.1 202.1 203.2 203.2 219.5 •221.8 219.9 218.0 217.4 210.6 212.5 210.2 211.7 208.6 248.8 256.3 250.1 246.1 239.6 318.4 343.2 321.6 302.4 288.4 1Q41 * A v A r » £ A M arch .Tun a September.. . . T)A A A m hA r 1 942* A vA ra crA M arch June R A p tA fn h A r T )A c p m h p ,r 1Q43- AvA.rajrA A/Tarati JnnA SApt.ATnV>Ar 1944* December___ 1 9 4 A- A v c r a ? p A/TarAh June________ September___ T)AAAml"»Ar 1947* A varajTA A /fa r n h JnnA R pjJ n ti U cm h av rl . . . . Ud lilU 1 / C w l U U C l —- « _ 100.0 100.7 1948* A r r p r a g o A/Tarph JnnA September___ December----- 100 0 102.6 107.5 105.0 105.0 September 1947 = 100. 112.5 110.4 100.0 98.6 100.5 98.2 98.6 103.7 102.8 100.0 101.0 103.0 101.0 100.0 98.2 235.2 233.8 236.9 236.1 238.6 104.4 102.1 240.5 243.4 241.3 240.3 236.8 174.3 For other footnotes see p. 79. 298.5 292.7 212.5 215.5 217.7 209.8 206.4 Socks 98.7 97.9 98.0 98.0 97.8 99.6 100.9 97.7 97.8 97.8 97.8 97.8 97.4 106.2 101.4 100.8 97.4 98.7 104.7 105.1 97.8 99.6 102.1 102.0 101.7 101.7 101.7 98.7 99.6 101.3 101.3 101.3 101.3 101.3 99.6 101.6 101.5 101.5 101.7 101.7 108.5 111.5 104.4 101.7 102.0 106.9 109.9 127.9 128.8 120.2 120.0 121.3 122.0 121.7 130.7 132.6 123.8 122.9 123.1 124.9 127.0 138.2 140.1 129.8 127.9 129.9 131.2 131.8 145.3 150.8 136.6 134.5 136.1 136.6 141.2 170.1 202.7 151.2 145.8 146.0 154.3 166.6 208.8 199.7 174.7 174.1 179.1 175.0 172.9 211.9 214.9 170.4 170.9 169.8 170.9 168.8 io o .o CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES 70 T able E .— A pparel : Indexes o f R etail P rices o f Selected A rticles P urch ased b y M oderate-Incom e F am ilies in L arge C ities o f the U nited States, 1 9 3 5 -4 8 1— C on tin u ed [1935-39 — 100, unless otherwise indicated] Rayon and nylon apparel Cotton apparel— Continued Period > Women’s Men’s Children’s Women’s Yard Boys’ Dress House- Night goods, shirts, Boys’ Boys’ Girls’ Girls’ Girls’ Girls’ Dia Total Socks, Dress Slips, Pan- Hose, Yard rayon es, rayon ties, nylon* goods, es, dresses gowns per broad polo shorts, dress slips * pan- ank pers* rayon rayon rayon ties* lets* street cale cloth* shirts* knit* es* 99.3 99.4 99.0 99.2 97.6 97.6 97.6 97.6 101.4 101.6 101.0 101.6 98.4 98.4 98.2 98.4 97.6 97.6 97.6 97.6 98.8 98.8 98.6 98.8 97.4 97.4 97.4 97.5 100.1 100.3 100.2 99.8 99.7 99.1 99.1 100.9 99.5 99.6 99.6 99.3 99.3 99.5 97.9 97.6 98.7 97.6 97.6 98.2 100.6 101.6 101.6 99.8 98.6 98.9 98.7 98.5 98.4 98.4 95.5 97.6 95.2 95.2 95.2 94.7 98.9 98.9 99.1 98.7 98.9 98.7 97.7 97.5 97.5 97.6 97.7 98.0 99.4 99.6 99.4 99.2 99.2 99.4 100.9 100.9 100.9 100.9 100.9 100.9 101.9 101.0 103.5 102.9 101.0 99.3 100.5 102.9 102.9 105.1 106.4 107.5 105.1 101.4 100.2 101.1 102.9 102.7 99.2 95.2 95.8 104.2 104.8 102.0 101.1 102.0 103.7 102.5 101.0 100.6 101.1 101.7 101.8 100.7 99.3 100.1 102.0 102.5 103.9 103.5 104.4 104.4 104.4 100.1 100.5 100.6 100.3 100.0 100.0 102.2 102.9 102.3 101.7 101.7 97.3 98.7 95.6 96.2 95.1 101.0 101.4 100.8 100.6 100.7 103.8 104.2 103.5 103.5 103.5 100.2 100.1 99.8 99.8 100.4 101.7 101.7 101.7 101.7 101.7 101.2 101.5 101.1 100.9 100.9 99.2 100.9 100.0 97.4 95.6 99.4 98.7 100.0 99.8 94.8 100.6 101.4 101.7 101.1 101.1 101.7 95.2 95.1 95.1 95.1 95.6 100.7 100.2 100.3 100.6 102.2 104.1 104.2 104.2 104.2 104.2 100.3 100.2 100.1 100.4 100.4 102.0 101.4 101.3 102.0 103.9 98.6 99.5 98.3 97.8 97.8 96.5 93.9 94.8 95.6 104.4 1940: Average Mar *" June___ 99.4 Sept Dec 100.1 100.0 99.9 100.0 100.3 103.3 102.9 103.5 103.5 104.0 96.2 96.2 96.2 96.2 96.2 102.0 103.1 101.9 101.3 101.3 104.0 104.2 104.2 103.5 103.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 106.3 105.2 106.8 107.1 107.7 98.1 98.2 98.1 98.2 98.2 105.9 107.9 105.2 105.2 106.1 1941: Average Mar June___ Sept Dec 100.0 111.9 100.4 102.7 119.7 138.0 108.9 105.3 107.1 110.0 117.2 109.1 97.4 105.7 117.7 124.7 105.8 101.0 101.0 110.0 115.7 106.3 103.5 103.5 107.2 114.9 103.6 100.3 100.5 106.2 112.5 113.6 107.6 108.5 119.9 125.3 101.6 97.9 97.9 103.5 112.1 112.7 105.2 106.1 120.0 126.1 1942: AverageMar ___ 109.8 June___ 119 4 Sept___ 119.4 Dec 152.5 149.3 154.5 154.7 154.7 137.8 137.4 141.0 140.3 140.3 143.3 143.7 145.5 145.5 145.5 125.5 125.3 127.1 126.6 126.6 127.2 125.6 129.2 129.2 128.5 124.5 124.8 126.2 126.3 126.3 133.0 132.4 133.7 134.1 133.7 120.5 119.1 121.1 121.1 121.5 132.9 130.4 133.9 134.8 135.6 1943: Average M a r ___ 125.4 June___ 128.0 Sept___ 129.5 Dec 171.2 159.3 161.4 185.7 189.7 153.6 146.9 149.3 161.3 165.4 146.1 146.1 146.1 146.1 146.1 127.3 127.9 125.2 127.3 129.6 133.4 131.6 132.8 135.8 137.6 130.0 128.4 128.7 131.5 135.8 137.3 136.3 137.5 139.0 140.1 123.3 122.1 122.8 123.1 127.4 136.1 135.6 135.6 136.5 137.3 1944: Average M a r__ I June___ Sept___ Dec 144.2 154.0 156.6 158.9 202.6 195.2 200.3 208.6 215.8 179.3 170.8 179.8 182.2 194.1 148.0 146.7 147.8 148.4 150.7 134.4 133.1 134.2 135.9 136.9 143.3 142.4 143.0 144.8 145.4 142.2 140.0 141.8 145.0 146.4 141.7 140.9 141.3 142.1 143.9 130.1 129.1 129.7 131.4 132.0 143.8 139.9 144.1 146.6 148.3 D ec 168.4 161.5 173.6 173.3 173.6 237.0 223.3 234.8 252.4 252.2 195.5 195.9 191.1 195.3 201.9 154.9 151.8 155.2 157.5 157.5 * 139.1 137.9 138.8 140.5 140.4 148.6 147.8 147.8 147.8 153.6 150.0 147.9 149.0 152.9 154.6 144.9 145.8 146.9 147.3 134.7 132.7 132.0 132.0 133.0 134.3 153.2 150.8 155.0 154.2 155.0 1946: Average M ar__ 7 June___ Sept___ Dec 180.1 173.4 180.9 184.9 187.2 273.2 262.6 272.4 283.8 288.9 241.7 227.0 224.6 259.2 283.1 173.3 155.8 158.6 177.4 222.9 148.2 145.2 145.8 150.9 156.1 172.6 161.7 168.6 179.0 202.6 152.8 151.4 147.6 156.6 161.1 131.6 129.9 130.6 132.4 140.2 135.6 131.6 134.0 136.7 145.2 96.5 98.7 99.8 100.6 164.2 157.5 162.6 168.5 174.4 1947: Average. M a r__ 7 196.8 June ___ 222.5 Sept___ Dec____ 303.9 305.8 309.8 301.6 300.3 314.3 318.3 319.5 313.9 317.6 245.3 233.1 243.9 254.2 263.1 100.0 107.9 100.0 99.2 100.6 103.1 100.6 107.5 100.0 105.6 100.0 103.8 100.0 100.7 100.6 100.0 167.2 169.6 166.8 166.4 171.2 200.7 209.6 197.5 191.7 203.3 174.7 172.5 175.7 176.1 182.2 157.7 152.8 155.0 159.6 175.3 160.7 161.2 160.5 162.9 162.9 103.3 110.4 102.4 100.0 100.3 218.0 204.0 220.1 231.1 238.4 1948: Average. Mar — 7 237.7 June___ 246.5 Sept___ Dec....... ........... 297.9 304.2 317.6 299.5 321.4 293.4 291.7 .......... 265.6 280.7 271.9 261.6 241.7 107.0 103.9 100.0 113.4 112.6 104.3 99.2 96.1 112.5 114.8 99.9 98.8 99.4 100.0 100.6 106.6 105.5 106.0 107.9 106.8 105.0 106.9 105.6 105.6 100.0 108.2 107.5 108.8 108.8 110.0 104.2 101.4 104.3 106.4 106.4 94.2 96.3 92.6 92.6 92.6 177.3 177.3 177.3 178.6 178.8 202.5 206.2 202.3 200.4 200.4 188.8 188.1 188.4 190.1 192.3 190.4 191.8 191.8 192.1 191.5 169.3 167.6 169.2 172.4 170.8 102.2 101.8 101.6 103.3 103.0 255.3 257.7 261.4 256.8 250.4 1935; Average Mar July Oct ioo . 2 Jan Apr 99.8 Dec Mar w .Time Sept _ Dec 100.6 m 1938: Average Mar June Dec Mar June Sept SSr Dec 1945: Average. M a r __ 7 June___ S ept___ 101.5 ♦September 1947 = 100. 100.4 100.4 105.6 For other footnotes see p . 79. APPENDIX TABLES 71 T able E.— A pparel : Indexes of Retail Prices o f Selected Articles Purchased by Moderate-Income Families in Large Cities of the United States, 1935-481— Continued [1935-39 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] Footwear Other apparel Period * Jack Total Neck ets, Hats, Hats, Coats, fur ties leath fur- straw er* felt Gir Gloves, Hats, Total dles leather woolfelt 93.7 97.9 97.8 97.8 98.8 99.4 99.6 99.2 99.2 95.9 95.7 95.6 96.1 99.3 99.2 99.2 99.2 95.7 95.4 95.5 95.9 94.2 93.7 93.9 94.5 94.9 94.4 94.8 95.3 96.5 96.4 96.4 96.8 95.9 95.8 95.9 95.9 98.8 99.2 99.2 98.0 99.9 100.7 100.4 98.6 96.8 96.5 97.0 96.8 95.2 103.5 99.8 100.0 100.0 99.6 99.6 99.6 98.3 98.4 98.4 97.8 98.4 98-4 99.7 99.6 100.0 99.6 99.6 99.6 97.4 96.8 97.3 97.3 97.6 97.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 97.3 96.7 97.3 97.2 97.5 97.7 97.3 96.1 97.5 97.5 97.5 97.5 97.2 96.8 97.2 97.2 97.4 97.4 97.5 96.9 97.2 97.2 98.0 98.2 96.6 96.5 97.0 96.5 96.4 96.7 97.6 98.0 97.8 97.3 97.2 97.5 97.6 98.3 97.8 97.3 97.3 97.3 97.5 97.2 97.6 97.2 97.1 98.3 111. 5 111.0 99.7 99.6 99.6 99.6 100.0 102.0 100.3 101.5 104.7 103.4 101.7 101.4 102.5 102.5 100.7 102.7 99.4 102.1 106.3 105.7 101.9 100.4 102.3 104.7 100.4 102.5 99.0 101.9 106.2 105.9 102.8 99.1 102.5 106.1 106.7 102.4 98.. 7 102.2 105.4 106.2 102.7 99.6 101.7 106.7 105.2 101.9 97.9 101.3 105.4 106.1 100.6 99.1 100.5 102.0 102.4 99.9 98.6 99.3 101.4 101.8 101.6 99.6 102.4 102.8 103.1 99.7 100.6 99.1 99.3 __ 106.8 100.3 99.1 99.6 ............. ............. ............. 97.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 101.4 102.2 101.5 100.3 100.9 99.3 99.2 98.5 99.2 100.0 102.8 103.8 102.7 101.6 101.6 98.7 98.6 97.9 97.9 100.4 103.0 104.3 103.1 101.8 101.7 103.7 105.0 103.9 102.3 102.1 103.4 104.7 104.1 101.7 101.7 102.6 103.7 102.6 101.5 101.2 103.1 104.3 103.0 101.9 102.0 101.9 102.1 102.1 101.9 101.1 101.3 101.3 101.3 101.3 100.8 102.6 103.0 103.0 102.5 101.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.9 99.7 99.6 99.6 99.7 99.8 101.4 101.1 101.1 101.2 102.3 99.8 99.8 100.4 101.7 101.6 101.4 101.3 101.4 102.4 101.9 101.5 101.5 101.6 103.1 102.0 101.4 101.5 101.6 104.1 100.9 100.8 100.7 100.8 101.1 102.4 102.2 102.1 102.1 103.6 101.2 101.2 101.1 101.4 101.3 101.1 100.9 100.9 101.4 101.3 101.5 101 7 101.5 101.4 101.6 l02.2 102.2 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.7 99.8 103.1 103.1 103.1 103.2 103.3 105.5 105.3 105.6 105.9 105.9 105.2 105.8 105.3 104.9 105.2 101.1 101.1 101.2 101.2 102.3 103.3 103.3 103.4 103.4 103.4 1 0 1 .1 104.6 104.7 104.6 104.6 104.8 100.8 100.9 100.8 100.7 100.5 100.2 100.4 100.3 100.1 99.9 101.6 101.6 101.6 101.6 101.6 102.4 100.0 100.0 106.5" 105.8 109.1 107.2 107.1 103.8 105.0 109.7 113.3 103.5 107.2 107.1 103.9 105.3 110.2 113.7 111.1 106.6 109.3 115.6 118.5 111.4 105.4 108.7 116.5 121.5 103.1 101.1 101.5 105.2 108.2 108.9 105.5 106.6 111.8 116.5 102.2 100.5 101.3 102.9 106.1 101.5 99.7 100.6 102.4 106.0 103.6 101.8 ”Ii2.4 121.7 102.9 100.0 100.0 105.1 109.4 104.5 107.2 127.3 120.2 119.6 121.6 122.0 121.2 120.5 121.5 122.9 131.8 121.7 121.4 122.5 122.5 129.0 128.8 129.9 130.2 132.7 132.1 133.7 133.7 114.2 113.9 114.8 114.8 111.3 109.4 112.5 112.6 125.9 122.0 116.5 118.0 123.1 133.0 122.6 133.7 114.8 125.5 113.0 109.3 109.2 117.0 114.0 117.8 130.3 124.7 124.3 125.4 125.1 108.7 107.2 109.8 116.5 115.9 112.0 118.0 118.0 133.5 136.9 136.5 129.6 132.4 142.4 151.2 123.3 120.6 121.8 127.3 128.4 126.6 124.9 126.0 128.5 129.2 138.9 139.6 126.2 124.5 125.7 128.0 128.7 133.3 132.4 133.6 134.2 134.9 140.7 135.8 139.1 145.1 147.2 118.2 116.6 117.5 120.0 120.4 129.4 127.4 128.9 131.7 132.8 117.9 114.8 116.5 120.8 122.7 110.6 109.4 109.6 111.4 112.7 130.5 124.1 129.1 136.9 139.9 152.7 152.7 164.9 160.0 165.2 168.8 172.4 135.9 133.2 133.2 138.2 140.4 130.8 129.9 130.6 131.7 132.2 146.8 147.5 130.1 129.4 130.1 130.8 131.4 135.2 135.0 135.1 135.3 135.4 151.1 149.9 151.6 152.1 152.6 121.8 120.9 121.8 122.3 123.2 135.2 134.0 135.0 136.8 137.3 125.1 123.9 124.8 126.3 126.9 114.2 113.9 113.9 114.6 114.8 144.0 141.8 143.7 146.4 147i 8 154.1 155.1 176.7 176.0 178.0 177.6 176.4 141.0 140.4 141.9 140.5 135.8 133.7 132.7 133.6 134.4 134.9 148.8 150.1 132.9 131.9 132.9 133.6 134.1 137.1 136.1 137.2 137.8 138.7 154.5 154.2 154.7 154.7 155.2 124.2 123.6 124.4 124.3 124.9 139.6 137.8 138.7 141.5 141.5 127.9 127.5 127.8 128.4 128.6 115.2 114.8 115.2 115.6 115.6 150.2 149.5 149.8 150.9 15L 7 166.6 167.1 171.8 175.2 167.2 169.6 171.6 135.6 136.2 131.5 136.3 136.3 150.2 138.7 143.9 155.6 176.0 161.6 167.4 148.7 138.1 143.6 155.3 176.4 157.9 143.0 152.4 164.9 194.3 171.6 159.9 168.9 180.1 200.8 137.8 128.7 133.0 144.3 160.9 153.5 145.3 147.3 158.9 179.3 137.6 132.6 135.1 140.6 149.0 119.5 116.6 117.9 120.6 126.4 168.3 161.4 165^0 175! 5 188] 1 189.1 193.8 191.1 189.4 192.5 190.7 199.6 211.1 208.9 210.9 210.9 222.2 211.6 209.9 206.7 215.1 220.5 173.4 172.6 177.7 170.8 179.5 198.0 194.0 196.4 201.9 208.4 152.4 150.8 151.8 153.4 155.8 130.6 128.5 129.8 132.1 134.7 190.6 Igg* 4. 190] 5 190.9 192.8 200.6 204.6 209.2 210.3 209.2 210.5 210.4 230.5 229.9 229.8 232.8 233.1 230.7 232.5 231.3 231.9 230.7 191.2 193.3 191.2 192.4 192.3 213.8 214.7 214.7 213.9 213.6 159.1 157.9 159. 2 159.7 161.3 137.1 135.9 137.1 137.3 139.7 198.1 197.0 198 5 199.2 200.0 97.8 97.8 97.8 97.7 1936: Average Jan Apr....... July___ Sept___ D ee 98.3 97.8 97.9 97.6 98.2 100.4 100.2 99.6 100.1 100.1 100.6 100.6 1937: Average. M a r .r „ June___ Sept___ Dec___ 102.6 101.2 101.9 104.3 104.1 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.6 1938: Average. Mar_I__ June___ Sept___ Dec....... 102.1 103.3 102.6 101.7 99.4 1939: Average. Mar___ June___ Sept___ Dec___ 99.0 99.0 99.0 98.9 99.1 99.4 99.6 99.6 99.1 99.1 1940: Average . Mar...... June___ Sept...... D e c ...... 99.4 99.3 99.2 99.6 99.7 99.8 99.1 100.0 99.1 99.6 99.1 _______ ' ’ 99.T "loo " Y 99.1 ” 96."5" 99.6 99.1 ............. 101.3 ............. 96.0 100.0 1941: Average. M a r ___ June___ Sept...... Dec____ 104.8 100.8 101.1 108.7 113.1 98.6 98.6 98.6 98.6 98.6 1942: Average. Mar....... June___ Sept...... 122.0 122.1 124.1 122.5 100.0 100.1 100.1 100.1 ___ 126.6 D e c ......... 122.3 100.1 ............. 127.1 1943: A v era g e. M a r ........ J u n e ____ S e p t ____ D ee _ 128.4 124.9 126.5 131.3 135.2 100.6 100.1 100.1 101.1 101.6 1944: A vera g e. 144.6 M a r ........ 139.6 J u n e ____ 142.2 150.2 Sept D ec 151.8 101.6 101.6 101.6 103.1 100.1 100.1 100.1 100.1 ............. 173.7 171.0 171.8 177.7 174.9 98.0 ............. 99.7 99.3 102.5 _ ___ 99.3 99.7 ________ 95.6 95.2 105.1 ll2.3 114.6 ■"99.1" 126.6 103.3 ............. 128.9 110.9 132.1 134.4 139.0 116.6 145.3 146.2 147.2 122.3 149.5 149.9 1946: A vera g e. 166.6 M a r ........ 161.6 J u n e ____ 161.6 171.9 Sept D e c _____ 177.7 1948:A verage. M a r ____ J u n e ____ S ept........ D e c ......... 99.3 99.3 99.3 1945: A v e ra g e . 156.2 M a r ___ _ 153.8 J u n e ____ 155.8 S e p t ___ 158.6 D e c ......... 159.0 177.6 180.4 180.5 174.7 173.2 Dry W om clean Men’s Men’s Men’s en’s Chil ing Shoe rub bers Total shoes, shoes, shoes, dren’s Total and re street work street shoes press pairs ing 100.3 100.4 100.4 100.0 1935: Average. Mar_r__ July___ Oct....... 1947: A verage . M a r____ J u n e ____ S ep t........ D e c ......... Shoes Women’s Men’s Services, dry cleaning, and shoe repairs 155.2 175.5 184.9 184.4 ....... ♦ September 1947 = 100. id o .6 100.0 175.6 177.6 173.4 176.4 161.2 160.7 116.5 117.2 117.8 122.2 134.2 136.1 140.5 158.2 160.1 169.0 189.3 203.2 200.8 193.2 190.4 188.2 191.2 190.4 199.5 194.4 193.2 208.4 209.3 208.3 209.7 209.7 212.1 176.9' 97.6 94.0 180.8 180.8 .................. 175.4 169.3 177.6 176.5 135.2 137.0 F or other footnotes see p . 79. m e 118.9 120.0 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES 72 T able F.— H ousefurnishings : Indexes of Retail Prices of Selected Articles Purchased by Moderate- Income Families in Large Cities of the United States, 1935-48 1 [1935-39 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] P e r io d 2 A ll housefu r n is h in g s 2 Rug, w o o l, Axm in ster C ar p et, w o o l, v e l vet R ug, fe lt base F lo o r cover in g , in la id A ll fu r n i tu re and bed d in g A l l f u r n it u r e T ota l L iv in g - B e d room room s u ite s s u ites D in ette sets* D in i n g room su ite s S ofa beds R a Ra M a t d io s , d io s , R a d io B e d - tresses, t a b le t a b le phono sp r in g s in n e r m o d e l, m o d e l, g ra p h s* s p r in g w o o d p la s t ic ca se ca se 1935: A v e r a g e ............................. M a r c h ................................ J u l y ...................................... O c t o b e r . . ......................... 9 4 .8 9 4 .2 9 4 .5 9 5 .7 9 0 .2 8 7 .4 8 9 .4 9 4 .1 9 0 .2 8 7 .3 8 9 .4 9 4 .0 1 05 .2 1 0 4 .6 1 04 .6 1 06 .6 9 8 .4 9 8 .6 9 8 .3 9 8 .3 9 1 .3 9 0 .6 9 0 .9 9 2 .2 90 .1 8 9 .3 8 9 .6 9 1 .1 8 9 .4 8 8 .6 8 8 .8 9 0 .5 9 1 .0 9 0 .1 9 0 .5 92 .1 9 0 .0 8 9 .3 8 9 .6 9 0 .8 9 3 .1 9 2 .1 9 3 .1 9 3 .9 9 7 .9 9 8 .2 9 7 .7 9 7 .7 9 6 .9 9 6 .0 9 7 .3 9 7 .4 9 9 .9 9 9 .3 9 9 .8 1 0 0 .7 1936: A v e r a g e ................ ............. J a n u a r y .............................. A p r i l . I ________________ J u l y .................................... S e p t e m b e r ....................... D e c e m b e r ......................... 9 6 .3 9 5 .8 9 5 .7 9 5 .9 9 6 .6 9 7 .9 9 3 .3 9 4 .3 9 3 .7 9 1 .8 9 2 .1 9 4 .8 9 3 .3 9 4 .2 9 3 .7 9 1 .8 9 2 .1 9 4 .9 1 02 .9 1 06 .3 1 0 6 .8 102 .7 9 8 .3 9 9 .3 9 8 .3 9 8 .3 9 8 .3 9 8 .6 9 8 .2 9 8 .1 9 5 .3 93.1 9 3 .7 9 4 .7 9 6 .6 9 8 .9 9 4 .7 9 2 .2 9 2 .8 94.1 9 6 .2 8 8 .9 9 4 .5 9 1 .7 9 2 .5 9 3 .8 9 6 .2 9 9 .2 9 5 .0 9 2 .9 9 3 .5 9 4 .4 9 5 .9 9 8 .6 9 4 .6 9 2 .0 9 2 .6 9 4 .4 96.1 9 8 .2 9 5 .6 9 4 .6 9 4 .7 9 5 .0 9 6 .5 9 7 .5 9 8 .5 9 7 .9 9 8 .3 9 8 .2 9 8 .7 9 9 .3 9 8 .4 9 7 .6 9 7 .6 9 8 .1 9 8 .9 9 9 .9 9 8 .9 1 00 .3 9 9 .1 9 8 .6 9 8 .0 9 8 .8 1937: A v e r a g e .................... ........ M a r c h . ............................. J u n e . . . .............................. S e p t e m b e r ..................... .. D e c e m b e r ......................... 1 0 4 .3 1 0 2 .6 1 04 .3 1 0 6 .7 1 0 7 .0 107 .7 102.1 1 0 5 .5 114 .8 115 .6 107 .9 1 0 2 .2 105.6 115.1 1 16 .0 1 0 4 .4 104.1 10 5 .4 105.1 105 .1 1 01 .7 1 0 1 .2 102.1 1 0 2 .6 1 02 .6 106 .3 1 04 .5 1 06 .4 10& 8 1 0 9 .2 1 0 7 .2 105.1 107 .3 1 09 .9 1 1 0 .4 107 .4 1 04 .9 107 .7 110.1 110 .7 107.1 105 .3 107.1 109 .9 1 10 .2 106 .5 1 04 .7 1 0 8 .5 1 0 9 .2 1 0 9 .5 1 03 .4 101 .3 103.3 1 06 .0 1 0 6 .0 1 0 1 .8 1 00 .6 1 0 1 .8 1 0 2 .7 103 .3 1 03 .0 10 2 .5 1 02 .8 1 04 .0 1 0 4 .2 1 03 .7 1 0 1 .5 1 0 1 .7 1 07 .0 1 07 .5 1938: A v e r a g e ............................. M a r c h ........................ ........ J u n e .................................... S e p t e m b e r . . ................... D e c e m b e r . . . ................... 103 .3 1 0 4 .7 103.1 1 01 .9 1 0 1 .7 1 0 3 .2 1 0 6 .2 1 0 4 .7 9 7 .5 9 8 .8 103 .3 106 .3 1 04 .8 9 7 .5 9 8 .9 9 3 .9 100 .5 9 1 .7 8 8 .8 8 9 .0 1 00 .8 102 .1 100 .1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 104 .6 105 .7 1 0 4 .2 1 03 .4 1 0 3 .2 105.1 106 .4 104 .6 1 03 .7 1 03 .5 105.3 1 06 .8 104 .7 103 .8 103 .5 104 .7 1 05 .8 104.1 103.4 1 02 .8 1 0 5 .2 1 0 6 .2 1 04 .7 103 .9 1 0 4 .2 103 .7 1 0 4 .2 1 0 3 .9 103.1 1 02 .6 1 0 2 .0 1 0 1 .9 102 .1 1 0 1 .9 1 0 1 .5 1 0 2 .2 1 0 2 .0 1 0 2 .0 1 0 2 .2 1 0 2 .0 1 00 .9 1 0 5 .2 1 0 0 .0 9 8 .0 9 7 .1 1939: A v e r a g e ........... ............... M a r c h . .............................. J u n e ............ ........................ S e p t e m b e r ....................... D e c e m b e r ......... ............... 101 .3 1 0 0 .9 1 0 0 .6 101.1 1 02 .7 1 0 4 .8 1 0 3 .0 1 0 3 .2 105 .3 112 .1 1 0 6 .2 10 3 .4 10 3 .2 107 .5 116 .6 9 0 .2 8 9 .3 8 9 .8 9 0 .5 9 2 .2 9 9 .4 9 9 .9 9 9 .4 9 9 .2 9 8 .6 102 .5 102.3 101 .7 1 02 .0 104.1 102 .8 1 02 .6 1 02 .0 102 .4 104 .8 1 0 3 .2 1 0 2 .7 102.1 102 .7 106 .4 1 0 2 .0 102.1 1 01 .6 101 .4 103 .0 103.1 1 03 .0 1 02 .4 103 .0 1 03 .9 1 0 2 .2 102.1 1 01 .8 102.1 1 0 3 .2 100 .3 1 0 0 .2 100 .0 10 0 .0 100 .6 9 9 .8 9 9 .9 9 9 .5 9 9 .1 9 9 .9 9 6 .3 9 5 .9 9 5 .0 9 6 .5 9 8 .3 1940: A v e r a g e ............................. M a r c h . .............................. J u n e .......... .......................... S e p t e m b e r ....................... D e c e m b e r ......................... 1 0 0 .5 1 00 .5 100.1 100.3 1 00 .4 11 5 .0 1 1 3 .6 1 1 5 .2 116.1 1 16 .5 120 .5 119.5 121 .2 121 .5 121 .4 9 0 .1 9 2 .2 8 9 .5 8 8 .8 8 8 .5 9 8 .3 9 8 .6 9 8 .2 9 8 .1 9 8 .3 104.1 1 04 .2 1 03 .8 103 .8 104.7 1 04 .9 105.1 104 .6 104 .5 105 .6 106.6 1 07 .2 106.5 105 .9 1 07 .2 1 02 .8 102.6 102.3 102 .8 103.9 104.1 1 0 4 .2 103 .9 103.9 1 04 .5 1 02 .5 1 02 .4 102.1 102.1 1 0 3 .2 100 .5 1 0 0 .4 1 00 .5 1 00 .5 1 00 .5 9 9 .7 9 9 .5 9 9 .4 9 9 .8 100 .5 9 6 .9 9 6 .6 9 6 .2 9 7 .7 9 6 .7 1941: A v e r a g e ............................. M a r c h ................................ J u n e . . ................................ S e p t e m b e r ..................... D e c e m b e r ........................ 107.3 1 01 .6 105 .3 1 12 .0 1 16 .8 121 .9 117 .3 12 2 .9 12 4 .8 125 .6 126.8 122.4 127.0 130.1 130 .6 8 7 .9 8 7 .8 8 7 .8 8 7 .8 8 7 .8 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 116 .4 107 .5 112.9 1 24 .4 129 .0 118 .5 1 08 .8 115.1 127.3 131 .5 1 2 2 .2 110 .7 1 18 .2 132.5 1 37 .2 114 .8 100.7 111 .8 122.6 126.5 115 .7 1 0 7 .7 113.1 1 2 2 .8 1 26 .4 111 .6 104.1 1 07 .4 1 1 8 .2 123.1 105 .9 100 .9 1 0 2 .8 110 .3 11 4 .0 10 7 .4 101.6 1 0 3 .2 1 11 .2 119 .3 9 9 .4 9 5 .1 9 5 .3 100 .0 1 0 9 .2 9 6 .5 9 8 .2 1 11 .8 124 .1 1942: A v e r a g e ............................. M a r c h _________ ________ J u n e .................................. S e p t e m b e r .......... ............. D e c e m b e r ........................ 1 2 2 .2 1 2 1 .2 1 22 .3 1 2 3 .6 1 23 .7 1 2 9 .9 1 2 9 .7 130.1 1 30 .5 1 3 0 .5 136.6 13 6 .2 1 37 .2 137.8 13 7 .8 9 0 .0 9 0 .2 9 0 .2 9 0 .2 9 0 .2 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 132 .4 132 .6 1 32 .7 132 .8 133 .0 134 .6 134 .7 134 .9 135 .0 1 35 .2 140.6 140 .6 141 .0 141 .0 1 41 .2 1 29 .4 129.8 129.6 129 .5 1 30 .0 1 29 .5 1 29 .4 129 .7 130 .3 1 30 .0 12 9 .2 129 .8 1 2 9 .8 1 2 9 .8 12 9 .8 115 .7 115 .9 11 5 .9 115 .9 115.9 124.6 124 .6 124 .6 125.3 125.3 11 1 .8 1 11 .6 112.3 11 2 .6 11 2 .6 129 ,5 1 3 0 .0 130. 0 1 30 .0 1 3 0 .0 1943: A v e r a g e ............................. M a r c h . ........................... .. J u n e . .................................. S e p t e m b e r . .......... .......... D e c e m b e r ........................ 1 2 5 .6 124 .5 1 2 5 .4 126 .3 1 2 7 .9 1 3 0 .9 1 30 .5 1 30 .9 131 .3 1 31 .7 1 3 8 .2 137 .8 13 7 .8 1 38 .8 1 3 8 .8 9 0 .2 9 0 .2 9 0 .2 9 0 .2 9 0 .2 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 1 39 .4 135 .9 1 4 0 .4 141 .7 142 .7 1 36 .8 135 .7 1 36 .5 1 3 7 .4 138 .7 1 4 3 .0 1 41 .8 1 42 .8 1 43 .8 144 .7 131.1 130. 5 1 30 .8 131.5 1 33 .0 131.3 1 30 .0 130 .9 1 3 1 .8 133 .6 1 3 0 .4 12 9 .8 1 2 9 .8 131 .3 131 .3 1 1 5 .5 115.9 1 1 5 .9 11 5 .9 113 .5 126 .8 127 .7 126.9 126 .9 127 .4 1944: A v e r a g e ............................. M a r c h .............................. J u n e ................................ S e p t e m b e r . .................... D e c e m b e r ......................... 1 3 6 .4 1 29 .0 1 3 8 .4 1 4 0 .7 1 4 3 .0 1 33 .0 1 32 .5 132 .9 133.3 1 33 .7 139 .6 139.3 1 39 .8 139.8 1 39 .8 9 0 .2 9 0 .2 9 0 .2 9 0 .2 9 0 .2 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 157.1 143 .6 160 .9 164.6 167 .8 153 .5 139 .7 158.1 161.1 1 63 .2 172 .7 145 .7 183 .3 18 6 .9 1 90 .0 136 .3 134.1 1 35 .8 1 38 .0 1 39 .5 1 36 .8 1 3 4 .2 136.3 1 3 9 .0 1 3 9 .9 1 6 7 .9 131 .3 1 65 .5 1 8 8 .4 2 1 4 .0 11 0 .8 111 .3 110 .3 110 .3 110 .3 127.4 127 .4 127 .4 127 .4 127 .4 1945: A v e r a g e ............................. M a r c h ................................ J u n e .......... .......................... S e p t e m b e r ....................... D e c e m b e r ......................... 14 5 .8 14 4 .5 14 5 .8 14 6 .8 1 4 8 .3 1 3 6 .2 1 35 .5 1 3 5 .2 137 .6 134 .6 143.3 1 4 1 .2 1 42 .8 1 45 .2 1 46 .0 9 0 .2 9 0 .2 9 0 .2 9 0 .2 9 0 .2 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 9 8 .6 1 7 2 .0 170.1 171 .8 173 .3 1 75 .4 167 .8 16 5 .7 167 .5 1 6 9 .2 171 .5 196 .0 1 92 .8 195 .5 19 8 .3 2 0 0 .9 142 .8 142.3 142.8 143 .3 145 .5 142 .7 1 41 .4 142 .6 143 .5 1 45 .0 2 1 9 .0 216. 7 2 1 9 .4 2 2 1 .2 2 2 1 .2 110 .6 110.3 110.3 110.3 1 12 .0 127 .7 127 .4 127 .4 127 .9 1 2 8 .4 1946: A v e r a g e ............................. M a r c h .............................. J u n e .................................... S e p t e m b e r ....................... D e c e m b e r ........................ 1 5 9 .2 1 5 0 .2 156.1 1 65 .6 177 .1 1 4 4 .8 136 .5 1 47 .8 149.1 1 58 .0 151.4 144 .4 149 .6 152 .6 165.1 9 7 .9 9 0 .2 9 5 .2 9 7 .7 117 .7 106 .9 1 00 .0 104.1 1 06 .8 1 25 .7 1 8 5 .9 177.3 183.1 191 .6 199 .6 1 80 .9 173.5 1 8 0 .0 18 4 .8 192.1 2 1 0 .8 2 02 .6 2 1 0 .7 2 1 5 .3 221.1 155 .6 149 .0 154 .5 158.5 169.1 1 5 2 .0 145 .3 149 .8 1 56 .6 161 .6 2 30 .7 2 23 .0 2 24 .8 2 3 8 .5 2 44 .0 113 .3 1 12 .0 1 12 .0 1 12 .9 118 .1 145.6 129 .4 132 .0 169.2 182 .7 1947: A v e r a g e ............................. M a r c h ................... ............. J u n e ............ ...................... S e p t e m b e r ..................... D e c e m b e r ........................ 1 8 4 .4 182 .3 1 82 .6 187.5 1 91 .4 1 65 .4 1 6 5 .8 163. 5 167 .1 167 .3 167 .5 175.1 176.1 1 6 3 .4 150 .7 127.7 122.7 129 .0 1 30 .9 133 .4 206 .7 205 .4 203 .5 2 0 8 .2 2 14 .8 200.3 198.5 197.1 2 0 2 .2 2 09 .0 223.1 225 .9 219 .0 2 22 .6 2 27 .0 183.6 177. 2 180.1 1 8 9 .2 197 .8 1 0 0 .0 1 05 .2 243 .9 2 4 4 .0 240 .3 243 2 2 49 .9 1 2 4 .2 120. 7 120 .7 12 o! 8 1 33 .8 182 .0 185.3 180.1 179 .6 180.6 1948: A v e r a g e ............................. M a r c h ..................... .......... J u n e . . ................................ S e p t e m b e r ....................... D e c e m b e r ......................... 195 .8 194 .9 194 .8 198.1 198 .6 175 .9 1 7 3 .2 174.3 17 9 .6 181.1 161 .6 1 58 .7 161.6 165 .6 165 .6 134.3 134 .6 134 .0 134.6 134 .6 2 26 .8 2 22 .6 2 27 .8 231 .3 231 .0 2 21 .8 2 1 6 .9 2 2 3 .2 2 26 .9 226 .3 233.1 2 32 .4 2 3 2 .2 235.1 2 3 5 .9 2 17 .0 207 .8 2 20 .8 225. 2 2 22 .5 115 .0 110 .8 116.3 1 19 .0 118 .7 2 5 3 .5 253. 7 2 53 .7 2 5 3 .7 2 5 4 .7 1 4 5 .0 142. 5 1 43 .4 1 4 8 .7 151 .3 184.8 185.7 184 .7 1 84 .7 185.7 ♦September 1947 = 100. i3 3 .8 140 .6 - ............ - 168.6 172 .4 For other footnotes see p. 79. — 1 8 7 .8 1 9 4 .4 198 .7 1 9 4 .4 io o .o 102 .5 9 5 .2 9 9 .6 9 4 .4 9 2 .0 9 1 .1 73 APPENDIX TABLES T able F .— H ousefurnishings : Indexes o f R etail P rices o f Selected A rticles Purchased by M oderateIncom e F am ilies in L arge C ities o f the U nited States, 1935-48 1— C ontinued [1935-39 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] Period * Din nerSew Wash Vacu Refrig Refrig Refrig era era Stoves, ware, era um ing ing 53tors, tors, cook, tors, clean ma ma piece gas gas elec chines chines ers ice set tric 94.8 94.6 95.0 94.8 1935* Average___________ 95.7 95.2 95.6 95.6 95.9 96.2 January..................... 100.9 95 5 93.6 93.8 95.7 97.3 97.5 1 0 2 .8 March ___________ 10C. 9 O f 101 5 December................ . 103.9 99.9 102.4 105.5 106.4 A 106.4 106.9 106.6 106 105.4 1 0 0 .1 1 June. _----------------- December.................. 104 0 104.2 104.4 104 3 103.0 1 0 2 .8 102.3 103 2 102.7 D e c e m b e r.................... . 103.0 1 91.3 90.5 90.9 92.1 Q A* AAVTTcPlPage 9(TA................................... 101.3 IVTal or/»Vj XVI CU--- ---------------J lin e __________________ 100.9 1 1 0 1 .1 ftpptpm L or Pp.pflTti L or 1 0 1 .1 101.9 2 104.3 105 0 103.8 103.5 104.6 97.0 96.9 97.1 97.3 97.0 96.9 97.1 97.3 91.4 90.9 91.3 92.0 94.5 93.8 93.8 95.9 94.7 93.9 94.5 95.8 99.1 99.9 99.1 98.6 98.9 99.4 92.9 92.9 92 9 92.9 92.9 92.9 95.6 86.7 95.4 95.5 95.3 95.2 95.4 96.7 95.1 95.2 95.1 95.0 93.2 92.0 92.6 93.2 93. 9 94.3 96.7 95.9 95.9 95.9 97.9 97.9 96.2 95.8 95.5 95.8 96.4 97.6 ICO. 5 100.9 100.9 99.0 100.4 101.5 100.4 99.5 99.9 102.3 107.1 107.1 1 0 2 .8 . 102.7 105.3 104.1 104.1 108.2 108.2 104.8 105.4 106.1 106.1 1 0 2 .1 101.9 98.9 102.9 104.0 105.6 103.9 1 0 0 .0 101.3 100.9 101.9 1 0 1 .6 1 0 0 .6 1 0 2 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 104.5 104.6 104.8 104.7 104.7 105.3 105. 7 105.1 105.1 104.9 104.1 106.2 104.1 101.3 100.5 104.7 104.8 104.9 104.9 104.9 99.9 1 0 0 .0 101.5 1 0 1 .8 105.9 104.9 106.3 106.3 106.7 99.5 99.3 99.5 99.8 92.9 92.9 92.9 92.9 1 0 1 .0 1 0 0 .0 99.8 . 99.5 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .2 1 0 2 .1 101.5 101.4 98.9 95.8 96.1 96.0 96.0 93.3 104.2 104.3 104* 1013 103.8 98.3 98.5 98.5 98.1 97.5 112.4 106.4 109.8 117." 9 99.1 97.1 97.1 99.* 5 105.4 106.5 107.1 107.1 107.1 107.1 96.9 92.9 95.9 96.9 106.1 106.6 106.9 107.1 107.1 107.1 107.1 107.1 1 08 .9 1 0 9 .2 1 0 9 .2 1 0 9 .2 1 0 9 .2 113.0 107.1 115.9 115.9 1 0 9 .2 1 0 9 .2 3 Blan Blan Blan Cur kets, kets, kets, Elec all- cotton tric allTum Tow Sheets, tains, mus cot wool, wool, and 5 light Brooms blers, els, 4 ton* lin glass bath 3 ^ percent bulbs wool lb. lb. 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 1 .1 100.5 1 0 1 .8 1 0 2 2 101.7 1 0 1 .8 1 0 1 .6 101.3 8 8 . 8 88.7 8 8 .1 87.2 85.5 106.6 106. 5 106. 5 106.4 107.4 1 0 2 .1 103.9 106.1 108.4 1 0 2 .2 1 0 2 .0 1 0 1 .6 103.8 1 0 2 .0 99.8 99.2 99.0 .5 1 0 2 91.6 91.0 89.9 91.2 94.5 — 96.0 96.6 95.7 95.3 96.5 93.5 95.7 91.7 92.4 94.6 102.4 1 0 0 .1 1 0 2 .1 99.7 1 0 2 .1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 2 .1 1 0 0 .0 103.1 100.9 101.5 117.3 127.9 111.3 104.1 112.4 114.4 119.6 1 33 .0 1 32 .9 133.3 133.3 133.1 103.0 123 .1 122 .7 1 23 .7 123 .7 1 23 .7 1 05 .8 106.1 106.1 106.1 106.1 131 .6 132 .6 132 .6 133.7 133.7 1 3 7 .4 1 39 .5 138 .9 1 39 .5 140.1 1 3 5 .8 134.3 135 .7 136 .8 1 3 9 .2 1 2 4 .5 123 .7 124 .7 1 2 4 .7 1 25 .7 106 .6 106.1 106.1 106.1 1 09 .0 1 43 .2 139.1 1 43 .4 145 .6 149 .9 140.1 140.1 140.1 1 4 0 .7 1 4 0 .7 1 46 .2 14 0 .2 14 6 .0 148.1 157.0 1 27 .4 125 .7 127 .7 127 .7 1 29 .7 111 .4 109 .0 111 .9 111.9 114 .8 160 .9 1 56 .4 157 .5 166 .2 170 .5 1 4 1 .4 141 .3 141.3 1 41 .9 141 .9 194/5* A v e r a g e M areh June S e p te m L e r D ecem b er 15 4 .8 158 .0 157 .5 152 .8 151 .9 13 2 .8 129 .7 131 .7 134 .7 137 .7 11 8 .8 11 4 .8 120 .7 120 .7 120 .7 179 .0 173 .8 180 .3 183 .6 182 .5 1 4 9 .2 143.1 1 4 6 .9 150.1 16 2 .8 1Q4R* A v e ra g e M arch Juno S ep tem b er D ecem b er 113 .7 127 .4 161 .4 153.3 1 57 .4 167 .7 178.3 147 .6 1 40 .7 1 4 6 .8 1 50 .8 1 58 .9 1 33 .4 1 32 .5 1 35 .4 1 3 5 .4 1 35 .4 2 03 .5 177.1 195 .6 2 19 .5 2 4 1 .2 1 9 2 .2 1 6 4 .0 1 8 4 .8 2 0 7 .4 2 37 .6 1 36 .2 129 .0 1 3 2 .2 143 .4 1 46 .2 190.4 187.9 1 9 0 .2 192.6 198 .4 169 .8 1 6 9 .0 1 69 .0 172 .9 1 72 .9 235.3 2 46 .6 2 3 2 .5 226.1 2 33 .6 242 .3 2 4 2 .0 240.1 240 .1 2 49 .7 150.6 148.1 145 .9 154.3 1 5 8 .2 201 .7 200 .6 200 .8 202 .6 205.1 180 .8 178 .3 179 .9 181.4 1 8 9 .2 23 8 .7 2 3 4 .7 23 9 .0 2 4 3 .2 2 4 0 .0 2 5 5 .8 2 5 6 .0 2 56 .9 2 5 6 .4 2 5 6 .4 1 0 1 1 0 2 .8 S eptem ber............... . D e c e m b e r____________ 10A9* AAVT70T9<ra v K Ig O — - __ . . . . . . . . . XVJ.al C il-------- . . . . . ________ S eptem ber ............................. D e c e m b e r .................... .. ft w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1Q43* v l O » XA jlv Vp v lr digC M a rch XVlcH b ll. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S ep tem L er D ecem b er 1944* A v e r a v e TVTarph XVJLcU .b l i. . June . . . . . . . . . . . . . Septem ber D ecem b er 107.4 109.3 1 2 2 .0 107.6 107.4 125 .5 107.4 1 25 .0 107.4 — 107.4 106.* 4 106.9 106 .9 108.2 107.4 108.6 108.6 108.6 1 08 .8 108. C 108 .6 109 .7 109 .7 1 08 .6 1 09 .8 109 .8 109 .7 1 1 7 .4 1 35 .4 14 5 .5 169.1 128.1 135 .5 S e p to m L or D ecom L or 1 41 .4 1 3 7 .2 138.1 143 .6 152 .7 1 88 .4 179 .6 1 8 7 .2 1 95 .9 2 00 .5 139 .7 1 39 .0 1 4 1 .0 142 .0 137 .0 1948* A v e ra g e M arch Juno S e p te m L e r Ler xTJecem /w C X U U vl 1 59 .0 1 54 .5 1 5 8 .2 1 6 2 .7 164 .5 2 0 2 .8 2 0 1 .2 1 9 8 .8 2 05 .6 2 0 8 .0 1 35 .2 135 .5 134.0 134.5 136 .5 1Q 47*• XV A VCX C4rg C ---. — XvT| M firpvhu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XVXclI J u n e................................. * September 1947 = 100. 89.3 85.9 89.9 92.3 94.3 9 8 .4 115 .9 1 22 .7 1 24 .6 125.1 1 4 2 .8 154 .7 113 .0 1 18 .9 "l5 4 " 7 " " I 21. 9* 137 .8 1 5 4 .7 115.1 109. 5 1 1 2 .6 1 0 0 .6 1 0 1 .2 1 0 1 .8 1 38 .3 1 4 4 .2 1 0 2 .8 1 0 0 .1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .1 94.8 94.6 93.9 94.5 96.2 103.1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .1 100.3 1 0 0 .6 103.2 1 0 0 .6 1 0 0 .8 105.8 105.0 117.3 1 2 0 .2 1 2 1 .2 _________ For other footnotes see p . 79. 1 2 1 .2 13 0 .8 1 3 0 .8 1 3 8 .4 14 8 .0 1 48 .0 1 49 .9 157 .5 161 .3 16 7 .0 1 67 .0 102.3 107.0 107.0 116.6 120.5 127.3 129.5 1 4 0 .9 1 4 0 .9 143.1 1 5 2 .0 1 5 4 .2 1 5 8 .7 172 .1 174 .3 17 4 .3 1 7 6 .6 96.1 97.4 94.8 101.4 101.4 1 0 0 .0 99.8 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .6 99.4 99.7 99.2 99.1 99.1 98.6 98.5 98.6 97.3 98.6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 89.6 99.1 85.8 84.3 84.2 106.5 109.7 84.4 84.4 84.4 84.4 84.4 105.0 102.7 102.7 106.8 1 1 9 .4 1 1 9 .4 8 0 .7 8 4 .4 8 4 .4 7 6 .6 7 4 .0 1 1 6 .0 114 .9 1 1 6 .2 1 17 .6 1 1 7 .6 1 2 5 .7 1 2 5 .7 7 2 .0 7 2 .7 7 1 .4 7 1 .4 7 1 .4 1 3 1 .6 1 2 2 .9 1 2 8 .2 1 33 .5 1 53 .9 131 .9 1 3 5 .0 7 4 .3 7 2 .7 7 5 .3 7 5 .3 7 5 .3 179 .3 169 .6 1 8 6 .2 18 6 .2 1 8 6 .2 1 31 .0 1 3 1 .9 76 .1 7 5 .3 7 6 .6 7 6 .6 7 6 .6 1 8 6 .2 1 8 6 .2 1 86 .2 1 8 6 .2 1 8 6 .2 1 6 3 .2 1 7 8 .9 7 8 .4 7 6 .6 7 6 .6 8 0 .5 8 1 .8 1 8 8 .7 1 8 9 .0 1 8 6 .2 187 .6 1 94 .5 99.0 1 0 0 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 101.4 101.4 1 1 0 .8 161 .4 1 60 .7 1 88 .6 1 90 .4 18 9 .0 184 .8 1 9 0 .4 1 60 .7 1 62 .9 194 .6 1 9 3 .2 1 9 4 .6 1 94 .6 198. 7 101.8 102.7 102.7 1 0 3 .4 9 7 .7 100.7 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .6 8 1 .8 8 1 .8 lo o . 6 100.2 103.4 102.7 105.4 102.7 99.0 101.4 98.6 97.3 98.6 111.7 _________ ______ ______ ______ 113.0 111.9 100.4 106.9 108.2 106.1 100.4 108.6 — 101.7 99.4 100.3 100.3 99 7 98.4 99.6 1 0 0 .2 1 0 2 .1 1 0 1 .0 1 0 1 .1 1 1 1 .0 95.9 99.9 94.8 90.5 93.4 1 0 1 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 100.4 96.4 97.6 94.8 95.4 95.7 1 0 2 .1 93.9 1 0 2 .6 103.8 105.5 102.9 104.2 102.7 101.5 101.5 1 0 2 .1 92.9 1 0 2 .6 105.7 97.5 101.9 115.3 123.6 «•AAvT7cCVnI*ai g(Y©A____________ 104.7 "AyrQr/>ii .9 XVldt Cil-____________________ 107.7 100.4 99.6 102.5 97.1 — 97.8 98.9 105.4 115.2 x1Q41 y ii 1 0 2 .8 CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES 74 T able G.— M iscellaneous : Indexes of Retail Prices of Selected Articles Purchased by Moderate- Income Families in Large Cities of the United States, 1935-481 [1 93 5 -3 9 = 100, unless otherw ise indicated] D e n tists’ fees P h ysicia n s’ fees P eriod* A ll A ll m iscel ser lane vices, ous good s exclu d ing and ser ren t vices* M e d i cal care and drugs M e d i cal care, exclu d ing drugs Surgeons’ a n d specialists’ fees G eneral practitioners’ fees T o ta l O ffice visits H ouse visits Ob stetri cal cases T o ta l T o ta l A p p e n T o n s il lec d e c tom y , to m y , adult ch ild T o ta l F ill ings E xtra c tion s C lea n ing teeth 1935: A v era g e............ M a r c h .............. J u l y . . . ............. O c to b e r............ 98.1 98.1 98.2 97.9 99.5 99.7 99.4 99.3 99.0 98.9 99.0 99.0 98.9 98.8 99.0 98.9 99.3 9 0 99.3 99.3 99.3 99.3 99.3 99.2 99.6 99.7 99.7 99.4 99.1 98.9 99.1 99.1 98.9 98.8 98.8 99.2 99.3 99.2 99.2 99.5 99.4 99.2 99.2 99.7 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.4 98.4 98.2 98.6 98.4 97.8 97.8 97.8 97.8 98.5 98.3 98.9 98.3 98.8 98.4 99.1 98.9 1936: A vera g e............ J an u a ry........... A p r il................. J u l y . . . ............. S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 98.7 98.2 9 8.4 98.7 99:0 99.1 99.0 99.2 99.3 98.7 Qg.8 99.1 99.3 99.2 99.2 99.2 99.3 99.6 99.3 99.1 99.3 99.3 99.3 99.7 99.9 99.6 99.9 99.9 99.9 100.2 99.9 99.6 99.9 99.9 99.9 100.2 99.8 99.7 99.7 99.7 99.7 100.1 100.2 99.6 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.5 99.3 99.2 99.2 99.2 99.2 99.6 99.6 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.5 100.0 99.8 99.7 99.7 99.7 99.7 100.3 99.5 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.4 100.0 98.6 98.6 98.4 98.5 98.5 99.1 97.7 97.8 97.5 97.5 97.5 98.4 99.0 98.9 98.9 98.9 98.9 99.5 99.1 99.1 98.9 99.1 99.1 99.4 1937: A v era g e............ M a r c h .............. J u n e .................. S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r ____ 101.0 100.2 100.9 101.7 102.0 100.0 99.3 100.0 100.4 100.8 100.3 100.1 100.3 100.5 100.7 100.4 100.3 100.4 100.7 100.7 100.3 100.2 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.2 100.3 100.3 100.4 100.2 100.1 100.2 100.2 100.2 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 99.9 99.6 99.6 100.0 100.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.9 100.6 101.0 101.5 101.1 101.2 101.1 101.4 101.8 101.6 100.6 100.1 100.7 101.3 100.7 100.7 100.3 100.8 101.3 100.8 1938: A vera g e............ M a r c h .............. J u n e ................. S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 101.5 101.6 101.8 101.6 101.0 100.7 100.8 100.7 100.7 100.7 100.6 100.7 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.7 100.8 100.7 100.7 100.7 100.2 100.3 100.2 100.2 100.2 100.2 100.4 100.1 100.1 100.1 100.0 100.2 99.9 99.9 99.9 100.2 100.5 100.1 100.1 100.1 100.8 100.5 100.9 100.9 100.9 100.4 100.0 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.7 100.0 101.1 101.1 101.1 101.0 101.1 101.0 100.8 100.9 101.5 101.6 101.6 101.4 101.4 100.7 100.7 100.7 100.7 100.7 100.6 100.8 100.6 100.4 100.6 1939: A vera g e............ M a r c h .............. J u n e __________ S eptem ber___ D e c e m b e r____ 100.7 100.5 100.4 101.1 100.9 100.8 100.8 100.9 100.8 100.8 100.7 100.6 100.8 100.8 100.9 100.9 100.7 101.0 101,0 101.1 100.4 100.2 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.3 100.1 100.4 100.4 100.4 100.2 99.9 100.4 100.4 100.4 100.2 100.1 100.2 100.2 100.2 101.2 100.9 101.3 101.3 101.3 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 101.1 101.1 101.1 101.1 101.1 101.1 100.9 101.1 101.2 101.2 101.6 101.4 101.6 101.8 101.8 101.1 100.7 101.3 101.3 101.3 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.6 100.6 1940: A vera g e............ M a r c h ............... Ju n e................... S eptem b er___ D ec em b er____ 101.1 100.8 100.6 101.4 101.8 100.9 100.7 100.5 101.2 101.5 100.8 100.8 100.7 100.7 100.8 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.4 100.4 100.4 100.4 100.4 100.4 100.4 100.4 100.4 100.4 100.2 100.2 100.2 100.2 100.2 101.3 101.3 101.3 101.3 101.3 99.5 99.2 99.5 99.5 99.5 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 100.3 98.5 98.3 98.3 98.3 98.3 101.1 101.1 101.1 101.0 101.0 101.8 101.8 101.8 101.8 101.8 100.8 100.7 100.7 100.7 100.7 100.5 100.6 100.6 100.4 100.4 1941: A vera g e ........... M a r c h .............. J u n e__________ S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 104.0 101.9 103.3 105.0 107.7 102.1 101.4 101.6 102.3 103.9 101.4 100.9 101.2 101.7 102.3 101.6 101.2 101.4 101.8 102.5 100.7 100.5 100.6 100.8 101.1 100.7 100.5 100.6 100.7 101.0 100.5 100.4 100.4 100.5 100.7 100.2 100.2 100.2 100.3 100.3 103.2 102.6 103.4 103.4 104.8 100.5 100.3 100.3 100.6 101.4 101.5 101.4 101.4 101.4 102.5 99.2 98.9 98.9 99.5 100.1 101.5 101.2 101.4 101.9 102.0 102.4 102.3 102.3 102.5 102.7 101.1 100.7 100.7 101.3 101.9 101.0 100.4 100.9 101.5 101.5 1942: A v era g e............ M a r c h .............. J u n e____ _____ S eptem ber___ D e c e m b e r____ 110.9 110.1 110.9 111.4 112.8 106.7 105.7 106.6 107.5 108.3 104.2 103.1 104.0 105.1 105.9 104.6 103.2 104.2 105.7 106.5 102.9 101.4 102.5 104.1 104.9 102.9 101.3 102.4 104.1 104.7 102.4 101.1 102.0 103.4 103.7 102.2 100.7 101.8 103.3 104.0 107.7 105.2 106.5 109.8 111.1 103.3 101.7 102.8 103.7 106.2 104.4 102.5 104.8 105.3 105.9 101.9 100.7 100.7 101.8 106.4 104.1 102.9 103.9 105.1 105.8 105.7 105.1 105.1 107.1 107.6 103.0 101.9 102.5 103.7 105.0 103.0 101.6 103.3 103.9 104.5 1943: A v era g e........... M a r c h ............... J u n e .............. . S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 115.8 114.5 115.7 117.0 118.1 111.4 109.9 111.2 112.6 113.7 109.2 107.7 109.4 110.5 110.9 110.2 108.4 110.3 111.6 112.8 109.5 107.3 109.6 111.3 112.2 109.3 107.2 109.7 111.4 112.4 108.4 105.8 109.2 110.7 112.2 107.6 106.6 107.6 109.1 109.7 118.6 114.6 118.7 122.1 122.9 109.4 108.2 109.2 110.7 111.5 110.6 110.4 111.0 112.2 112.2 107.8 105.9 107.1 108.9 110.6 108.8 107.0 108.7 109.9 111.7 109.2 108.1 109.0 109.7 112.2 107.8 106.2 106.8 109.2 110.4 108.8 106.4 109.2 110.2 111.6 1944: A vera g e............ M a r c h .............. J u n e .................. S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 121.3 119.1 121.7 122.4 123.1 116.8 114.8 117.5 118.1 118.3 112.6 111.8 112.5 113.2 113.8 114.6 113.8 114.5 115.3 115.9 113.9 113.1 113.7 114.6 115.2 114.0 113.2 113.7 114.7 115.3 113.8 113.1 113.3 114.5 115.5 111.4 110.5 111.3 112.3 112.4 123.8 123.3 123.7 124.1 124.9 113.6 112.9 113.7 114.3 114.9 114.5 113.9 114.5 115.1 115.7 112.8 111.8 112.9 113.5 114.1 114.8 113.8 115.0 115.6 116.6 113.8 113.1 114.2 114.4 114.9 115.1 113.5 114.7 117.2 117.2 115.2 114.2 115.4 115.7 117.4 1945: A vera g e........... M a r c h .............. J u n e . ............... S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 124.1 123.6 124.0 124.6 124.8 119.3 118.8 119.2 119.9 120.0 115.3 114.7 115.2 115.7 116.7 117.7 116.9 117.5 118.1 119.3 116.6 115.9 116.5 116.8 118.3 116.6 116.1 116.4 116.6 118.2 117.2 116.6 116.8 117.2 119.5 113.3 113.0 113.3 113.3 113.9 126.1 125.3 125.7 126.1 128.6 116.9 115.2 117.1 117.7 119.1 118.2 116.3 119.1 119.1 119.7 115.7 114.1 115.2 116.3 118.5 119.7 118.6 119.5 120.8 121 .7 118.8 117.7 118.6 120.2 120.7 121.4 119.7 122.2 122.8 122.8 119.5 118.6 118.9 120.1 121.7 1946: A v era g e............ M a r c h .............. J u n e ................. S eptem ber___ D e c e m b e r ........ 128.8 125.9 127.9 129.9 136.1 123.6 121.3 123.2 125.1 127.5 121.6 118.5 120.9 123.7 126.4 124.8 121.3 124.2 127.2 130.1 122.4 119.2 121.3 124.6 127.4 122.4 119.0 121.1 124.8 127.8 123.5 119.9 121.5 126.4 129.7 118.0 115.0 117.3 119.9 122.5 133.7 129.9 133.3 135.8 139.2 122.3 120.2 122.4 123.8 124.9 122.4 119.7 123.1 124.2 124.2 122.3 120.7 121.8 123.5 125.7 126.9 123.2 127.3 128.6 132.1 127.3 122.3 128.3 130.1 132.6 128.4 125.3 129.0 129.6 133.3 125.8 122.9 125.7 126.7 130.8 1 9 4 7 ! A vo.raprA 139.9 138." 2 139.1 140.8 144.4 129 9 128.9 129.5 130.6 132.3 131.6 129.8 131.3 133.4 134.7 135.3 133.5 135.0 137.1 138.4 130.2 129.3 129.9 131.3 131.9 130.3 129.6 130.0 131.3 131.7 131.5 131.0 131.7 132.0 132.3 125.3 124.8 124.8 126.5 126.6 143.7 141.3 142.6 145.9 148.0 129.4 127.4 129.1 131.2 132.5 128.2 125.9 128.7 129.7 130.7 130.7 129.0 129.6 132.8 134.4 137.4 135.5 136.9 139.6 140.5 137.7 135.6 137.7 140.0 140.2 139.0 136.4 137.6 141.5 144.2 149.9 146.2 147.5 152.7 154.0 137.3 134.1 136.1 140.3 142.1 140.1 137.6 140.3 142.1 143.3 144.4 141.5 144.6 146.6 147.9 135.5 133.1 136.2 136.9 137.5 135.2 132.8 136.1 136.6 137.3 136.9 133.3 138.4 138.7 139.5 128.5 127.7 128.5 129.2 129.8 153.4 149.7 155.1 155.5 155.9 135.8 133.6 135.9 137.8 137.8 133.1 131.2 132.8 134.8 134.8 138.7 136.0 139.3 140.9 140.9 144.8 141.7 143.6 147.5 149.1 145.1 141.7 144.0 148.0 150.1 146.8 144.5 145.7 149.3 149.7 M a r c h .............. J u n e .................. S eptem ber___ D e c e m b e r____ 194ft* A M a r c h .............. J n n fi S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ See footnotes on p. 79. 134.6 135.6 APPENDIX TABLES 75 T able G.— M iscellaneous : Indexes of Retail Prices of Selected Articles Purchased by Moderate- Income Families in Large Cities o f the United States, 1935—4 8 1— Continued [1935-39 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] See footnotes on p . 79, CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES 76 T able G.— M iscellaneous : Indexes o f R etail P rices o f Selected A rticles P urchased b y M oderateIncom e F am ilies in L arge C ities o f the U nited States, 1 9 3 5 -4 8 1— C ontinued [1935-39 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] R ecreation H ou seh old operation L a u n d r y soap P e r io d 2 T o ta l Laun dry bun dle ser vices R esi dential D o m e s tele tic ser p hon e ser vices vices N ew spapers T o ta l Laun d ry soap, ye l lo w Laun d ry soap, granu lated Cleanser, Laun scour dry ing starch pow der M a tc h T o ile t es, paper k itch en T o ta l T o ta l D a ily D a ily , and sold Sun on d a y, d e street livered S un day, s old on street 1935: A v era g e ........... M a r c h .......... . J u ly ....... ........... O c to b e r............ 100.4 100.4 100.5 100.2 100.5 101.4 100.9 99.1 101.2 101.2 101.2 101.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.5 98.6 99.7 100.4 101.4 99.9 101.8 103.0 100.0 99.8 100.0 100.3 101.6 101.8 101.8 101.4 99.6 98.6 99.9 100.6 99.4 98.5 99.6 100.1 101.1 101.1 101.1 101.3 96.7 96.6 96.5 97.0 95.4 95.2 95.2 95.8 94.7 94.4 94.4 95.2 95.0 94.9 94.9 95.1 100.0 100.6 100.0 100.0 1936: A vera g e........... J an u ary............ A p r il................. J u ly ................... S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r ____ 99.6 100.1 99.7 99.4 99.4 99.4 98.0 98.9 98.2 97.6 97.7 97.7 100.8 101.3 101.2 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.7 100.1 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.7 100.2 101.8 100.3 99.9 99.2 99.9 99.5 99.5 99.8 99.5 99.5 99.0 100.5 101.1 100.4 100.4 100.4 100.4 100.0 100.6 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.8 100.1 99.6 99.6 99.6 100.1 100.5 101.1 100.6 100.6 100.3 100.1 97.4 97.1 97.1 97.2 97.4 98.3 96.5 95.8 96.2 96.1 97.1 97.1 96.3 95.2 95.9 95.9 97.2 97.2 95.4 95.1 95.1 95.1 95.7 95.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1937: A vera g e............ M a r c h .............. J u n e ................. S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 100.2 99.7 100.1 100.7 100.7 100.0 98.9 99.6 101.4 101.6 99.4 99.3 99.3 99.3 99.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 101.4 100.8 101.7 101.7 102.0 101.7 101.1 101.8 101.8 102.6 100.3 99.8 100.6 100.8 100.8 100.3 100.4 100.4 100.4 100.0 101.6 101.3 101.9 101.9 101.9 101.6 101.2 101.7 102.2 102.2 100.1 99.8 100.3 100.3 100.1 100.2 99.6 100.3 100.6 101.6 98.5 97.7 98.0 99.0 100.3 99.1 98.1 98.5 100.0 101.4 96.5 95.9 95.9 96.8 98.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1938: A vera g e............ M a r c h . . . ......... J u n e ................. S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 100.2 100.4 100.3 100.0 99.7 101.0 100.9 101.1 101.0 100.5 99.5 99.4 99.5 99.5 99.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.6 101.5 ICO. 7 100.0 99.4 99.8 101.5 99.2 98.8 98.1 100.3 100.6 100.3 100.0 100.0 99.3 99.3 99.3 99.3 99.0 100.5 101.3 100.6 99.9 99.3 100.6 101.2 100.6 100.1 99.6 99.8 100.1 100.1 99.3 99.3 102.5 101.8 103.1 102.7 102.9 103.7 101.2 104.9 105.0 105.3 103.9 102.7 104.5 104.8 105.3 104.9 98.5 108.4 108.0 108,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1939: A vera g e............ M a r c h .............. J u n e .................. S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 99.4 99.6 99.4 99.2 99.3 100.5 100.5 100.6 100.5 100.6 99.3 99.4 99.1 99.4 99.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.6 99.1 98.6 98.0 98.2 97.1 97.7 97.3 96.5 96.1 99.7 100.0 99.5 99.2 100.3 98.4 99.0 98.6 97.9 97.5 98.4 99.3 98.6 97.9 97.3 98.5 99.0 98.5 98.5 97.4 98.6 98.8 98.5 98.2 98.8 103.4 102.9 102.6 104.3 104.2 105.8 105.8 105.8 105.8 105.8 106.2 106.3 106.3 106.3 106.3 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.0 108.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1940: A vera g e............ M a r c h .............. J u n e .................. S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 99.2 99.2 99.2 99.1 99.1 100.5 100.2 100.5 100.5 100.5 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.4 102.8 100.0 103.2 103.2 107.5 97.1 97.8 97.4 96.5 96.1 95.4 95.7 95.3 95.0 94.6 98.5 99.5 99.2 97.4 96.6 97.7 97.9 97.9 97.5 97.5 96.6 97.3 96.0 95.0 97.3 97.1 97.4 96.9 97.4 96.5 99.6 99.5 99.5 99.8 100.1 105.9 104.1 104.2 108.0 108.6 107.0 106.2 107.0 107.7 107.8 107.9 106.9 108.0 108.6 108.9 109.3 108.4 108.9 110.4 110.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1941: A vera g e............ M a r c h _______ J u n e ______ S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 100.9 98.9 99.6 101.7 105.3 102.9 100.5 101.1 103.8 108.7 99.9 99.2 98.8 98.8 104.7 111.3 107.0 110.8 111.8 119.4 99.8 95.4 97.3 103.6 106.3 96.8 94.3 95.0 97.7 102.2 101.9 96.0 99.5 107.3 108.6 98.0 97.9 99.0 97.5 97.5 97.0 96.0 96.6 98.6 96.6 99.6 96.5 97.4 99.6 109.0 100.2 99.5 99.8 101.3 101.3 108.8 108.2 108.5 108.7 110.3 108.3 107.8 108.4 108.5 108.5 109.6 108.9 109.8 109.9 109.9 110.5 110.4 110.4 110.6 110.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1942: A vera g e............ M a rch J u n e .................. S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 107.6 107.1 107.6 108.1 109.0 110.6 109.9 110.7 111.1 111 1 105.4 1017 104.7 104.7 108.6 130.4 122.6 124.7 139.2 143.0 110.3 109.9 110.9 110.9 111.0 106.4 106.0 106.8 107.2 107.5 112.5 112.3 113.1 113.1 113.1 98.7 98.6 98.6 99.0 99.3 97.9 98.6 98.6 97.3 97.3 113.1 112.7 113.7 113.7 114.3 107.5 108.0 108.5 107.7 108.2 113.0 111.8 112.4 113.3 116.8 112.7 111.0 112.6 114.2 115.0 114.7 113.0 114.3 116.3 117.5 115.2 113.0 115.8 117.0 117.4 101.0 100.4 100.8 101.6 102.0 1943: A vera g e............ M a r c h .............. J u n e .......... ....... S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 112.9 110.0 111.6 112.7 114.8 114.7 112.8 113.4 114.9 119.8 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 173.8 154.2 177.0 186.5 193.4 113.2 111.4 113.0 114.2 115.9 109.9 107.5 109.0 111.4 112.9 115.2 113.6 115.2 115.7 118.1 103.2 99.3 103.6 105.6 107.0 97.3 97.3 97.3 97.3 97.3 116.3 114.3 116.4 117.3 118.9 109.8 109.5 109.8 110.0 111.5 120.9 119.6 121.0 122.2 123.1 121.4 120.4 122.3 122.5 123.0 126.2 125.0 127.5 127.5 128.3 120.5 119.4 121.0 121.0 121.0 104.8 104.1 104.1 105.4 105.4 1944: A vera g e............ M a r c h .............. J u n e .................. S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 117.9 116.2 118.5 118.8 119.5 122.8 122.2 122.6 123.2 123.5 111.9 108.6 113.6 113.6 113.6 221.5 209.3 223.3 228.1 241.3 116.4 116.6 116.6 116.3 116.3 113.5 113.3 114.1 113.3 113.3 119.0 119.7 118.9 118.9 118.9 108.7 107.0 109.4 109.7 109.7 98.2 97.3 98.6 98.6 99.3 118.9 118.4 118.9 118.9 119.4 111.8 111.5 111.8 112.1 111.8 129.4 124.7 130.8 132.1 133.6 125.9 123.4 125.7 127.7 128.6 130.9 128.7 131.7 131.7 133.2 125.3 121.4 122.6 130.1 130.1 106.4 105.8 107.0 107.0 107.0 1945: A vera g e............ M a r c h .............. J u n e ................. S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 120.6 119.8 120.4 121.3 121.5 124.7 123.6 124.9 125.6 125.8 113.6 113.6 113.6 113.6 113.6 257.7 247.9 253.2 269.4 289.8 116.7 116.5 116.5 116.8 117.2 114.5 113.7 114.1 114.9 116.1 119.2 119.2 119.2 119.2 119.5 109.8 109.7 109.7 109.7 110.0 99.2 98.6 99.3 99.3 99.3 120.5 120.4 120.9 120.9 120.9 112.4 112.1 112.4 112.7 112.7 134.7 134.3 134.8 135.3 135.0 129.4 129.1 129.5 129.5 130.6 134.1 134.0 134.3 134.3 135.2 130.5 130.1 130.5 130.5 132.5 107.3 107.0 107.4 107.4 107.4 1946: A vera g e............ M a rch J u n e ........ S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 126.5 122.4 123.2 125.9 141.2 131.7 128.9 129.6 132.1 141.3 113.6 113.6 113.6 113.6 113.6 274.5 275.5 275.5 273.2 275.9 125.3 116.9 118.6 123.0 181.7 131.4 116.1 121.5 133.9 199.7 125.6 120.3 120.5 121.5 171.0 111.6 110.0 109.6 112.8 120.8 106.8 98.6 101.2 115.8 118.5 120.8 120.4 119.9 120.9 124.0 121.9 112.5 115.9 125.7 145.1 139.2 135.9 137.6 141.3 146.3 134.2 131.2 134.2 135.6 140.6 139.5 136.1 139.6 141.0 145.9 135.2 132.5 135.7 137.3 138.7 110.8 108.2 110.7 111.5 119.3 1947: A v e r a g e .. M arch J u n e .................. S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 144.4 142.3 143.5 143. 5 151.6 144.2 141.2 143.5 145.7 149.1 115.6 114.0 114.2 117.8 117.8 278.5 272.3 280.5 281.2 281.9 180.3 181.1 177.9 169.4 198.8 198.7 199.0 202.5 188.6 208.8 166.1 168.1 159.3 154.3 188.7 127.7 130.1 115.1 117.1 130.3 132.9 166.0 157.8 166.6 170.7 181.4 149.5 148.6 148.9 150.1 152.1 145.4 146.6 123.1 123.1 1948: A verage M a r c h .............. J u n e .................. S eptem b er___ D e c e m b e r____ 151.2 152.2 150.0 150.4 152.7 153.0 151.0 151.4 152.9 160.7 121.5 120.6 120.9 122.7 123.6 282.4 281.9 282.6 282.6 282.6 185.2 193.2 181.8 179.9 179.6 194.7 208.5 191.4 187.7 185.8 175.7 181.2 172.4 171.5 172.2 187.4 188.8 188.8 188.0 185.7 156.6 153.3 155.6 159.3 161.4 145.9 161.5 161.5 169.5 148.0 149.9 152.6 152.6 See footnotes on p. 79. 145.8 147.4 152.7 163.9 165.5 169.4 151.9 150.9 153.1 153.1 153.9 165.2 156.6 167.8 169.9 172.6 APPENDIX TABLES 77 T able G.— M iscellaneous : Indexes o f R etail P rices o f Selected A rticles Purchased by M oderateIncom e F am ilies in L arge C ities o f th e U nited States, 1 9 3 5 -4 8 1— C ontinued [1935-39 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] Personal care Recreation—Continued Motion picture admissions Tobacco products Chil dren Cigar ettes Beauty shop services Period* Total Adults Total Cigars Pipe to bacco Total Men’s hair cuts Total Wom en’s hair cuts Sham poo and wave set Perma nent waves 1935: Average......... March............ July................ October.......... 95.7 95.1 95.4 96.6 95.5 94.9 95.2 96.4 96.6 95.8 96.2 97.5 97.9 98.2 97.8 97.8 102.7 107.0 101.1 99.3 96.7 96.3 96.8 97.3 101.8 103.2 101.8 100.4 94.9 95.7 94.2 94.6 92.8 93.8 91.7 92.5 92.9 93.0 93.0 93.1 94.4 94.4 94.4 95.0 92.9 9.30 93.0 93.0 91.9 92.0 92.0 92.0 1936: Average......... January......... April.............. July................ September___ December...... 97.7 97.0 97.2 97.5 97.6 99.4 97.5 96.8 96.9 97.3 97.4 99.4 98.5 98.2 98.2 98.5 98.5 99.1 97.6 97.6 97.5 97.5 97.5 97.8 98.6 98.4 98.4 98.4 98.7 99.3 97.2 97.3 97.2 97.2 97.0 97.4 99.5 99.9 99.5 99.5 99.2 99.2 96.1 94.7 96.2 95.7 96.5 97.2 93.7 92.0 94.1 93.0 94.1 95.0 94.5 92.1 94.7 93.8 95.2 96.5 95.2 93.3 94.4 94.4 96.0 97.6 94.6 92.3 95.5 93.7 95.1 96.5 94.0 91.4 94.0 93.7 94.7 95.9 1937: Average.......... March............ June.............. September___ December___ 101.3 99.8 101.6 101.6 103.9 101.3 99.7 101.6 101.6 104.0 101.1 99.8 101.4 101.4 103.3 100.3 100.2 100.5 100.6 100.7 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.9 100.5 100.6 100.9 100.9 101.0 99.1 98.8 99.2 99.2 99.2 101.7 98.8 102.2 103.4 105.0 101.9 96.8 102.7 104.9 107.6 102.2 98.2 102.7 104.3 107.0 100.6 98.7 100.9 101.9 103.1 102.6 98.3 103.0 104.8 m3 102.8 97.9 103.8 105.3 108.3 1938: Average......... M arch........... June________ September___ December___ 103.4 103.8 103.2 103.0 103.4 103.5 103.9 103.3 103.1 103.4 102.7 103.0 102.4 102.4 102.7 101.1 100.7 101.8 101.1 101.0 99.8 100.2 100.2 99.3 99.3 101.5 100.9 102.2 101.5 101.4 100.1 100.2 100.2 100.2 100.2 104.0 104.0 103.8 103.8 103.8 105.6 105.9 105.3 105.4 105.4 105.1 105.3 104.8 104.8 105.0 102.0 101.9 101.9 101.9 101.9 105.9 106.2 105.5 105.5 105.8 106.4 106.7 106.0 106.0 106.3 1939: Average......... March June............... September . . . December___ 101.9 103.0 101.7 101.2 101.0 102.0 103.1 101.7 101.4 101.0 101.1 102.4 101.4 99.5 100.4 102.9 101.1 101.2 105.5 105.4 99.1 99.3 99.0 99.0 99.0 103.8 101.5 101.7 107.0 107.0 99.7 100.2 99.7 99.7 99.0 103.6 103.5 103.7 103.5 103.4 105.9 105.4 106.5 105.9 106.1 105.3 104.8 104.8 105.8 106.3 107.9 107.4 107.4 109.6 110.1 103.9 103.3 103.3 104.0 104.8 105.0 104.7 104.7 105.0 105.3 1940: Average......... March June.............. September___ December___ 104.3 100.9 100.9 108.2 110.2 104.6 100.9 100.9 108.7 110.7 102.1 100.4 100.4 105.0 104.1 106.1 104.9 104.8 107.8 107.7 98.8 99.0 98.7 98.7 98.7 108.1 106.4 106.4 110.2 110.2 98.5 98.5 98.5 98.5 98.5 103.4 103.7 103.6 103.1 103.1 105.6 105.8 106.1 105.3 105.0 105.9 106.6 106.1 105.0 105.6 109.1 110.1 109.6 107.9 108.5 103.8 104.8 103.6 102.6 104.0 105.9 106.3 106.3 105.7 105.3 1941: Average.......... March June.............. September___ December___ 109.8 109.1 109.9 109.2 111. 5 110.3 109.6 110.5 109.7 111.3 106.4 105.4 105.4 105.4 112.2 108.1 107.5 107.4 108.3 110.0 98.6 98.4 98.7 98.7 98.4 110.9 109.9 109.7 111.0 113.1 98.6 98.5 98.5 98.5 98.8 106.1 103.6 103.8 108.1 111.7 107.6 105.0 104.5 110.0 113.4 110.4 107.2 108.2 113.5 116.0 114.5 111.2 111.2 119.9 119.3 111.5 107.2 109.4 114.4 120.0 107.0 105.0 105.3 108.9 110.6 1942: Average.......... March............ June________ September___ December___ 115.7 114.1 116.0 116.7 118.5 116.0 114.1 116.2 117.0 118.9 113.9 113.5 114.1 114.1 114.8 111.2 110.3 110.1 110.3 116.3 101.6 98.4 98.4 98.4 117.7 114.2 113.3 113.1 113.4 118.5 99.1 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.9 116.4 114.4 115.8 118.4 119.9 120.3 116.0 118.1 124.7 127.3 121.8 118.9 121.3 123.3 126.6 124.9 121.5 125.3 127.5 128.6 128.7 125.0 127.5 130.4 135.7 113.8 111.8 113.1 114.5 117.4 1943: Average.......... March June............... September___ December___ 126.0 123.1 126.1 128.6 130.1 126.3 123.5 126.8 129.2 130.7 121.5 119.8 121.4 123.7 124.4 116.9 116.5 116.5 117.2 118.0 122.6 120.7 121.0 123.4 129.1 118.8 118.5 118.5 119.1 119.5 100.0 99.9 99.9 100.1 99.9 128.3 124.1 127.9 132.0 133.7 139.7 134.5 138.0 145.4 148.2 144.2 133.8 145.6 153.0 156.6 137.4 131.3 136.1 145.4 145.9 160.8 144.5 161.7 172.6 178.9 133.2 125.7 136.5 139.7 142.5 1944: Average.......... March June............... September___ December___ 145.7 134.1 151.7 152.2 152.2 147.2 135.1 151.7 152.2 152.2 145.3 128.0 151.7 152.0 152.3 120.0 118.6 118.9 120.7 123.4 140.5 134.8 135.4 144.4 156.7 120.5 119.5 119.7 120.9 122.9 100.3 99.9 100.1 100.8 100.8 137.4 134.7 138.0 139.1 139.7 150.7 148.6 150.7 152.2 152.7 165.4 159.8 166.0 168.9 171.0 152.2 147.4 151.7 155.0 157.1 193.4 185.3 194.9 198.2 200.0 147.8 143.8 148.2 150.7 153.0 1945: Average_____ March June________ September___ December___ 153.2 152.6 153.1 153.6 153.6 153.1 152.6 152.9 153.5 153.5 1,53.9 152.3 154.6 154.3 154.3 124.9 124.5 125.1 125.8 124.6 165.6 163.6 165.7 169.3 170.8 123.2 123.2 123.5 123.7 121.7 104.0 102.7 104.1 104.8 106.8 141.7 140.5 141.4 142.9 143.4 156.1 154.0 155.8 158.1 158.4 175.8 172.8 175.2 177.9 180.1 164.5 157.1 162.6 169.7 173.0 204.3 203.2 203.9 205.0 206.8 156.9 154.6 156.8 158.4 160.3 1946: Average......... March June..... ......... September___ December___ 157.7 156.0 156.7 159.1 163.7 157.8 156.2 156.7 159.2 164.0 156.7 154.6 155.9 157.9 161.2 129.1 121.5 128.4 132.1 137.4 184.0 172.6 173.5 197.2 205.6 125.1 120.8 122.9 127.0 132.6 112.4 111.0 112.2 114.1 115.5 152.0 144.2 150.7 153.7 167.4 173.8 159.9 177.8 180.8 186.0 186.1 181.1 184.2 189.8 193.6 179.4 173.0 175.7 182.8 191.0 214.6 208.2 211.7 220.2 224.4 164.4 161.5 164.3 166.5 167.1 1947: Average......... March............ June.............. September___ December___ 165.0 165.4 163.5 160.6 162.5 158.5 161.0 140.3 138.4 139.3 141.9 142.9 207.2 207.7 206.8 206.8 207.7 135.8 133.3 134.6 138.0 138.8 117.8 117.9 117.9 117.2 119.8 169.7 169.2 168.7 168.7 174.8 188.0 186.3 186.3 188.5 193.4 192.8 192.6 192.6 193.8 193.4 187.2 187.2 166.9 165.1 165.7 164.1 164.1 167.5 224.8 224.1 224.4 226.8 223.5 167.2 167.4 167.1 167.1 169.4 1948: Average_____ March June............... September___ December___ 166.7 166.8 165.4 165.7 169.9 167.8 167.7 166.4 167.1 171.0 159.7 160.0 159.4 157.3 162.8 146.7 143.9 143.9 150.9 150.9 212.5 207.1 206.8 219.7 220.9 143.0 140.0 140.2 147.3 147.2 120.5 120.0 120.0 121.2 121.2 176.4 175.7 174.4 177.6 179.4 201.2 197.6 197.6 205.1 210.4 192.6 194.6 191.9 191.8 191.5 225.2 224.7 225.6 225.6 225.9 166.1 170.6 164. 164. 163. See footnotes on p . 79. CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES 78 T able G.— M iscellaneous : Indexes o f R etail P rices o f Selected A rticles Purchased by M oderateIncom e F am ilies in L arge C ities o f the U nited States, 1 9 3 5 -4 8 1— C ontinued [1935-39 = 100, unless otherwise indicated] Personal care—Continued Transportation Toilet goods Automobiles Period * Toilet Shav Tooth soap, ing paste Total float cream ing Toilet Total Face Cleans Sani tary Razor soap, ing pow nap blades hardder cream kins milled PlymTotal Chevrolets Fords ouths Tires Tubes Gaso line M o tor oil 1935: Average........... Mar................. July................. O ct................. 97.3 98.3 96.5 96.6 92.7 92.8 92.0 92.8 100.2 101.7 100.1 98.5 100.6 103.5 98.4 98.7 100.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.5 100.8 100.8 99.7 95.0 94.4 94.4 96.4 96.8 97.5 96.2 96.2 92.6 92.9 92.2 92.5 98.4 98.4 99.1 97.6 96.7 96.5 96.6 96.7 97.2 96.8 97.0 97.1 96.1 96.0 96.3 96.4 96.9 96.8 96.9 97.1 94.4 96.2 94.5 92.2 94.2 96.4 93.9 91.4 97.0 97.1 99.5 94.0 97.4 97.4 99.9 94.5 1936: Average........... Jan.................. Apr.................. July................. Sept................. Dec.................. 98.4 97.7 98.2 98.6 98.6 99.0 96.1 93.5 94.9 96.7 97.4 97.7 100.0 99.3 100.1 100.1 100.1 100.1 100.0 100.8 101.3 99.5 98.9 99.1 100.6 101.5 101.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.4 100.2 99.7 100.8 100.8 100.8 97.0 95.4 95.4 98.2 98.2 98.2 97.2 97.5 96.8 96.8 96.8 98.8 96.0 93.2 94.7 96.5 97.5 97.9 99.3 98.4 99.1 99.7 99.6 99.6 97.6 97.6 97.7 97.7 97.7 97.5 99.5 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 97.8 96.1 95.6 95.9 95.9 95.9 97.4 97.2 97.2 97.2 97.2 97.2 97.2 93.8 92.5 91.9 93.8 94.5 96.9 93.7 93.9 91.4 93.9 93.9 96.4 100.7 96.1 99.1 102.8 102.7 102.7 100.8 96.5 99.1 103-0 102.7 102.7 1937: Average.......... Mar................. June................ Sept................. Dec.................. 101.2 100.3 101.4 101.9 102.1 103.2 101.3 103.8 105.0 105.0 99.7 99.3 100.1 99.3 100.1 99.9 100.0 100.0 99.8 100.4 99.6 100.0 98.5 100.0 100.0 100.6 100.8 100.8 100.8 99.7 101.0 98.2 102.2 102.2 103.1 101.0 99.5 101.3 102.1 102.1 103.1 101.1 103.6 105.0 105.0 101.0 100.5 100.7 101.5 102.1 99.5 97.6 97.7 100.6 104.6 100.3 98.0 98.2 102.1 105.2 99.4 97.4 97.4 100.6 104.2 98.6 97.2 97.4 97.4 104.5 103.9 102.0 105.7 104.6 107.0 102.9 101.2 103.7 103.7 106.2 105.0 105.4 105.7 106.0 103.3 105.3 105.5 105.9 106.2 103.6 1938: Average........... M ar................. June Sept................. Dec.................. 102.1 102.1 102.2 102.1 101.9 104.9 104.6 105.3 105.0 104.6 100.1 100.1 100.1 100.1 100.1 100.2 100.4 100.0 100.2 100.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.7 99.7 100.2 99.7 99.1 103.5 104.0 104.0 103.1 103.1 102.6 102.7 102.7 102.7 102.7 104.9 104.7 105.0 105.0 104.7 101.7 102.0 102.2 102.0 100.0 104.2 104.6 104.6 104.6 102.1 104.2 105.2 105.2 105.2 99.3 104.2 104.2 104.2 104.2 104.2 104.3 104.5 104.5 104.5 103.3 105.8 107.4 105.7 105.7 103.0 106.4 108.7 106.2 106.2 103.7 101.9 103.0 103.3 101.9 97.3 102.2 103.3 103.6 102.2 97.7 1939: Average........... Mar............. June................ Sept................. Dec.................. 101.1 101.4 101.,2 100.9 100.3 103.2 104.2 103.5 102.5 101.8 100.1 100.1 100.1 100.1 100.1 99.2 99.3 99.1 98.9 98.9 98.6 98.5 98.5 98.5 98.5 98.9 99.1 99.1 99.1 98.0 103.3 103.1 103.1 103.1 104,0 102.6 102.7 102.7 102.7 102.1 103.4 104.0 104.0 103.2 101.1 99.5 99.1 99.3 99.8 99.4 101.9 102,1 102.1 102.1 101.2 98.8 99.3 99.3 90.3 96.5 104.3 104.2 104:2 104.2 104.8 103.2 103.3 103.3 103.3 102.7 101.9 103.0 103.0 103.3 95.6 102.9 103.7 103.7 103.7 98.8 95.5 93.8 94.7 96.8 97.1 94.5 94.0 94.0 94.3 94.3 1940: Average......... Mar............ June................ Sept................. Dec.................. 100.7 100.9 100.8 100.6 100.5 101.2 102.1 101.8 100.6 100.3 100.1 100.1 100.1 100.1 100.1 98.7 98.7 98.7 98.7 98.7 98.5 98.5 98.5 98.5 98.5 97.6 98.0 97.4 97.4 97.4 104.0 104.0 104.0 104.0 104.0 102.0 102.1 102.1 102,1 101.3 104.5 105.0 105.0 105.0 105.0 98.8 99.1 98.0 98.5 99.4 102.1 101.1 100.8 101.3 105.2 97.3 96.5 96.2 96.7 99.7 105.9 104.8 104.5 104.9 109.8 103.7 102.7 102.5 103.0 106.8 94.2 94; 5 93.8 93.8 94.2 97.1 98.8 96.4 96.4 96.4 93.8 95.7 92.4 93.7 91.9 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.5 94.3 1941: Average........... Mar............ June................ Sept............... Dec.................. 103.1 100.9 101.3 104.1 108.6 104.5 101.8 102.8 107.1 109.3 101.7 100.1 100.1 103.3 104.9 100.4 99.1 99.1 100.2 105.2 100.2 98.5 98.5 98.5 108.8 99.1 97.4 97.4 97.4 107.6 113.0 105.1 105.1 122.4 127.2 101.5 101.3 101.3 101.3 102.7 107.7 104.7 106.1 109.7 111.7 102.1 99.6 101.7 102.6 107.1 109.8 105.2 106.9 106.9 121.2 103.1 99.7 99.7 99.7 113.3 114.7 109.8 111.7 111.7 126.8 113.0 106.8 111.3 111.3 125.8 97.4 94.2 93.8 97.6 107.0 98.7 96.4 96.4 98.8 108.7 100.1 98.5 92.9 102.8 102.2 95.3 94.8 94.8 96.0 96.0 1942: Average....... M a r ........... June................. Sept Dec.................. 111.2 111.1 111.4 111.5 111.7 115.2 114.3 116.1 116.5 116.5 106.0 105.7 105.7 106.6 106.6 106.7 106.4 106.6 107.1 107.3 108.8 108.8 108.8 108.8 108.8 109.0 108.7 109.3 109.3 109.3 123.5 129.1 122.4 120.4 119.5 103.3 102.7 104.0 103.3 103.3 119.3 ' 110.6 118.9 110.6 120.0 111.4 120.4 110.7 121.0 110.9 104.1 103.0 105.2 103.8 104.8 96.5 96.5 96.3 96.3 98.0 1943: Average........... M a r ............... June................ Sept................. Dec.................. 112.8 112.2 112.9 113.0 113.8 117.3 116.8 117.8 117.2 117.9 108.1 108.2 108.2 108.2 108.2 107.9 107.7 108.0 108.0 108.2 109.3 108.8 109.5 109.5 109.5 110.4 109.9 110.5 110.5 111.1 117.8 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 103.8 103.9 103.9 103.9 103.9 123.8 122.0 123.8 125.3 125.6 110.6 111.0 110.4 110.5 110.6 105.2 104.9 105.1 105.3 105.7 98.5 1944: Average___ Mar____ June........... Sept............ Dec................ 115.6 113.7 116.5 116.6 116.6 119.8 118.7 120.5 120.5 120.9 108.2 108.2 108.2 108.2 108.2 110.0 108.8 110.7 110.7 110.7 116.2 109.5 119.5 119.5 119.5 118.4 111.7 121.8 121.8 121.8 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 104.2 103.9 103.9 104.5 104.5 126.0 125.9 126.3 126.3 125.9 110.7 110.6 110.8 110.8 110.8 105.6 105.8 105.7 105.4 105.3 98.6 98.6 98.6 1945: Average___ Mar............ June........... Sept................. Dec.................. 116.5 116.6 116.2 116.7 116.7 120.4 120.5 120.5 120.1 120.1 108.4 108.2 109.0 108.2 108.2 110.4 110.7 109.0 110.9 110.9 119.5 119.5 119.5 119.5 119.5 121.7 121.8 121.8 121.8 121.2 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 104.6 104.5 104.5 104.5 105.1 126.4 126.3 126.3 126.7 126.7 110.5 110.6 110.5 110.6 110.3 105.0 105.3 105.3 105.2 104.0 98.4 98.6 98.6 97.8 98.4 1946: Average......... M ar............... June........... Sept............... Dec................ 121.6 116.8 116.9 118.6 142.6 128.4 120.5 119.4 121.9 203.2 109.0 108.2 109.8 109.0 109.0 111.5 111.1 111.1 111.3 113.2 119.8 119.5 119.5 120.2 120.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 124.7 118.5 118.5 133.5 133.5 105.4 104.5 105.8 105.8 105.8 133.9 126.7 127.1 129.2 193.6 112.3 111.5 112.3 112.3 114.6 150.2 158.7 136.1 148.9 160.7 166.0 156.8 165.6 120.4 120.3 107.0 103.9 103.9 111.4 112.3 100.0 98.4 98.4 100.3 105.0 1947: Average........... Mar............ June................ Sept............... Dec.................. 146.4 146.7 145.7 143.6 153.1 115.4 117.8 121.6 121.6 121.8 123.0 123.8 123.0 119.5 121.6 125.8 127.4 121.2 122.3 147.9 135.4 150.4 155.2 159.0 105.8 105.8 105.8 105.8 105.8 185.4 196.2 180.1 170.1 195.0 118.7 116.2 117.4 120.7 123.4 163.1 158.8 159.3 168.3 169.5 152.2 149.0 149.1 156.3 157.1 171.7 165.4 167.8 178.3 180.2 169.1 167.2 164.2 173.7 174.2 113.9 120.4 110.8 109.0 112! 7 118.0 101.8 121.3 116.1 120.2 124.6 130.8 107.7 106.2 107.4 108.7 110.0 1948: Average.......... Mar................. June................ Sept................. Dec.................. 151.0 151.5 149.7 151.1 151.0 .......... - - - - - - 127.4 124.1 123.8 132.3 132.4 127.6 127.4 127.7 127.7 127.7 169.4 161.9 170.5 175.3 175.3 105.9 105.8 105.8 105.8 106.4 183.5 189. 6 183.2 178.0 177.3 131.7 125.9 128.4 138.8 139.1 178.2 170.4 170.6 189.3 189.2 162.6 157.9 158.3 168.8 169.0 191.9 181.3 181.3 207.1 206.6 183.5 174.7 174.9 195.9 195.9 115.9 113.9 113.9 118.8 119.1 137.3 137.7 137.6 137.8 138.6 221.0 207.2 207.9 See footnotes on p. 79. — >8.6 119.5 122.0 123.2 123.9 APPENDIX TABLES 79 T able G.— M iscellaneous : Indexes o f R etail P rices o f Selected A rticles Purchased b y M oderateIncom e F am ilies in L arge C ities o f the U nited States, 1 9 3 5 -4 8 1— C ontinued [1935-39 = 100, unless otherw ise indicated] Transportation— Continued Auto repairs P eriod4 Total 1935: Average. M a r___ July-----O ct....... Chassis Front Chassis lubri end lubri cation suspen cation** (new sion* series)* Adjust brakes (labor only)** Streetcar and bus fares Auto opera tors’ Over Com licens Re haul plete es line and brake brakes** and repair adjust fees dutch** ment* Auto mobile insur ance 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 127.4 127.4 127.4 127.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Street car fares Bus fares Rail road fares, coach Post age 1936: Average. Jan....... . A p r____ July____ Sept___ D ec........ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 101.4 127.4 127.4 82.9 82.9 82.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1937: Average. M ar____ June_. Sept___ D ec____ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 100.0 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.8 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 100.2 83.3 82.9 82.9 82.9 85.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 1938: Average. M ar____ June___ Sept___ D ec____ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 100.3 99.9 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.3 99.9 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.1 99.9 100.2 100.2 100.2 90.8 85.1 85.1 98.9 98.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 1939: Average. M a r____ June___ . Sept....... D ec........ 99.8 100.0 100.0 99.7 99.3 100.0 100.0 99.1 99.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ioo.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.4 100.4 100.4 100.4 100.4 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.5 100.2 100.2 100.2 100.2 100.2 96.8 96.6 96.6 96.6 96.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1940: Average. M a r....... June Sept....... D ec........ 99.5 99.0 99.7 99.3 100.3 99.2 98.2 99.1 99.1 100.9 99.3 100.0 100.0 97.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.6 9$. 9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 102.7 99.0 100.7 97.3 97.3 100.7 100.8 100.5 100.9 101.0 101.0 100.9 100.5 100.9 101.1 101.1 100.2 100.2 100.2 100.2 100.2 87.5 96.6 83.0 Ho 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1941: AverageM ar....... June Sept....... D ec........ 103.9 101.4 102.0 105.1 110.6 101.6 100.9 100.9 102.6 102.6 105.5 102.8 105.6 108.3 10$. 3 106.3 101.8 103.6 108.9 116.1 104.8 101.1 101.1 104.6 118.4 103.6 102.7 102.7 103.3 106.0 101.2 100.7 99.6 99.4 106.9 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.0 101.2 101.1 101.1 101.1 101.1 101.3 100.3 100.2. 100.4 100.4 100.4 84.0 83.0 83.0 83.0 87.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100JO 100.0 1942: Average. M a r....... June Sept....... D ec........ 113.0 111.2 114.0 114.0 113.7 101.8 99.4 102.6 102.6 102.6 112.5 105.8 115.9 115.9 113.4 120.5 121.0 121.0 121.0 121.0 122.9 122.6 123.6 123.6 123.6 146.9 150.8 150.8 150.8 150.8 112.5 113.6 114.1 114.1 108.8 101.6 101.2 101.8 101.8 101.8 101.7 101.3 101.8 101.8 101.8 101.6 100.4 102.0 102.0 102.0 96.2 95.5 95.5 95.5 102.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1943: Average. M a r....... June___ Sept....... D ec........ 114.5 114.3 114.3 114.6 115.4 103.4 103.3 103.3 103.3 104.0 110.5 109.1 109.1 111.2 111.2 122.2 122.5 122.5 122.5 122.5 125.7 125.5 125.5 125.5 127.4 150.8 150.8 150.$ 150.8 150.6 101.0 108.8 97.1 97.1 97.1 101.6 101.8 101.6 101.6 101.6 101.6 101.8 101.6 101.6 101.6 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.8 102.8 102.8 102.8 102.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1944: Average. M a r....... June Sept....... D e c ..... 115.9 115.7 116.0 116.0 116.3 104.0 104.0 104.0 104.0 140.0 111.2 111.2 111.2 111.2 111.2 123.4 122.5 124.0 124.0 124.0 128.6 128.4 128.4 128.4 129.4 150.6 150.6 150.6 150.6 150.6 98.0 97.1 98.2 98.5 98.5 101.6 101.6 101.6 101.6 101.7 101.6 101.6 101.6 101.6 101.7 101.9 102.0 102.0 102.0 101.2 106.1 102.8 107.7 107.7 107.7 109.7 100.0 114.6 114.6 114.6 1945: Average. M a r....... June____ Sept....... D ec........ 116.7 116.3 116.3 116.6 118.3 104.0 104.0 104.0 104.0 104.0 111.7 111.2 111.2 111.2 113.3 125.2 124.0 124.0 125.5 130.0 129.7 129.4 129.4 129.4 131.3 149.8 149.8 149.8 149.8 149.5 98.1 97.9 96.2 98.2 100.5 101.5 101.5 101.5 101.5 101.3 101.6 101.6 101.6 101.6 101.6 100.9 101.0 101.0 101.0 99.5 107.7 107.7 107.7 107.7 107.7 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 1946: Average. M a r....... June___ Sept....... D ec........ 120.4 118.0 118.3 121.1 127.0 104.8 104.0 104.0 104.0 108.7 114.1 113.3 113.3 113.3 lia i 131.6 128.5 128.5 132.9 139.5 136.0 131.3 132.3 139.0 146.4 127.4 149.0 149.0 97.1 97.1 117.2 107.1 113.1 129.1 129.1 104.5 103.2 104.1 106.1 106.2 105.1 103.8 104.7 106.8 106.9 99.8 99.5 99.5 100.4 100.6 107.7 107.7 107.7 107.7 107.7 114.2 114.6 114.6 114.6 112.2 1947: Average. M a r____ J u n e___ Sept___ D ec____ 130.4 129.5 130.1 130.8 133.2 111.1 111.9 120.5 118.1 139.5 141.1 150.5 151.3 100.0 103.4 97.1 97.1 97.1 97.1 97.1 132.1 130.5 132.1 133.7 133.7 109.0 108.2 109.1 109.3 112.0 109.7 108.7 109.5 109.9 113.4 104.5 103.5 105.1 105.1 106.2 113.6 107.7 116.5 116.5 116.5 112.2 112.2 112.2 112.2 112.2 1948: Average. M a r....... June____ Sept....... D ec........ 138.0 134.5 137.6 141.0 141.6 107.2 103.4 107.8 111.2 107.8 100.0 99.6 100.6 100.6 100.6 156.9 133.7 157.7 174.7 175.3 122.0 113.3 117.6 131.6 132.1 124.1 115.3 118.4 134.8 135.0 111.4 106.2 112.7 114.1 115.6 127.5 121.5 121.5 136.9 136.9 112.2 112.2 112.2 112.2 112.2 100.0 100.0 100.6 100.8 100.0 101.3 103.4 102.4 103.3 103.3 106.5 105.8 102.7 104.7 108.7 110.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ♦September 1947=100. ♦♦June 1939=100. *See page 44 for description of method of calculation. ‘ Indexes for many items were calculated for periods in addition to those shown here (monthly from 1941 to 1946). Annual averages for these items were based on all available data. ‘ Index based on 34 cities. See table A , p 36. Bibliography Description of Consumers’ Price Index T h e C P I —A S u m m a r y o f it s E s s e n tia l F e a t u r e s . By Ewan Clague, U. S. Commissioner of Labor Statis tics. Serial No. R. 1927, from the Monthly Labor Review (July 1948) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. C o n su m e rs9 P r ic e I n d e x f o r M o d e r a te -In c o m e F a m ilies in L a r g e C i t i e s : A S h o r t D es c rip tio n . A February 1948 release of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. A B r i e f D e s c r ip tio n o f th e S te p s R e q u ire d to P ro d u ce an I n d e x o f T im e -to -T im e C h a n g es in C o n su m e rs9 P r ic e s f o r a G iv e n L o c a lity . A February 1948 re lease of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. C o n su m e rs9 P r ic e I n d e x f o r M o d e r a te -In c o m e F a m ilies in L a r g e C i t i e s : U s e s o f T h is I n d e x . A release of By Joseph W. Lethco and John S. Middaugh. Serial No. R. 1878, from the Monthly Labor Review (January 1947) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. R e n t C o m p o n en t o f th e C o n su m e rs9 P r ic e In d e x . By Helen Humes and Bruno Schiro. Serial No. R. 1947, from the Monthly Labor Review (December 1948 and January 1949) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. S to r e S a m p les f o r R e ta il F o o d P r ic e s. C h a n g es in C o s t o f L iv in g o f F e d e r a l E m p lo y e e s in the By Faith M. Williams, of the U. S. Bureau o f Home Econ omics, and Gertrude Schmidt and Frances Rice, of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. From the Monthly Labor Review (July 1934) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. D istr ic t o f C olu m b ia fr o m 1 9 2 8 to 1 9 8 3 . the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. C o n su m e rs9 P r ic e I n d e x : R e la tiv e Im p o r ta n c e o f C o m Serial No. R. 1933, from the Monthly La bor Review (August 1948) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Index Series p o n en ts. L is t o f I t e m s on W h ic h R e ta il P r ic e s A r e C o llected f o r C o n su m ers9 P r ic e In d e x f o r M o d e r a te -In c o m e F a m ilie s in L a r g e C itie s ( 1 9 3 5 - 8 9 = 1 0 0 ) (ta b u la tio n s fr o m A release of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1 9 1 8 to d a te ). th e C o n su m e rs9 P r ic e I n d e x , as o f M a rc h 1 9 4 9 . A publication of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. In d e x e s o f C o s ts o f C loth in g to M o d e r a te -In c o m e F a m Q u estio n s and A n s w e r s on th e B L S C o s t o f L iv in g I n ilies S in ce 1 9 8 5 , r e v is e d J une 1 9 4 7 ; and S u p p le U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, April 1942. W h e r e P ric e D a ta A r e C ollected , F is c a l Y e a r 1 9 4 8 . A publication of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. m e n ts I , I I , and I V , issu e d A u g u s t 1 9 4 8 , N o v e m b e r T h e B u r ea u o f L a b o r S ta tistic s N e w In d e x o f C o st o f In d e x e s o f th e R e ta il C o s t o f H o u s e fu r n is h in g s to M o d Serial No. R. 1156, from the Monthly La bor Review (August 1940) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. era te-In c o m e F a m ilie s S in ce 1 9 8 5 . A June 1947 re lease of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; and Supplements I, II, and IV issued August 1948, November 1948, and March 1949. dex. L iv in g . C h a n g es in C o st o f L iv in g in L a r g e C itie s in th e U n ited 19 48 , and M a r c h 1 9 4 9 . U. S. Bureau of Labor Sta tistics. S ta te s, 1 9 1 8 -4 1 . Bulletin No. 699 of the U. S. Bu reau of Labor Statistics, 1941. In d e x e s o f R e ta il P r ic e s o f S e r v ic e s and M iscella n eou s B u r ea u o f L a b o r S ta tistic s C o s t -o f-L iv in g In d e x in W a r I V , issu e d A u g u s t 1 9 4 8 , N o v e m b e r 1 9 4 8 , and M a rc h tim e. By Faith M. Williams. Serial No. R. 1545, from the Monthly Labor Review (July 1943) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. C o st o f L iv in g In d e x e s in W a r tim e . By Faith M. Wil liams, Frances R. Rice, and Emil D. Schell. From the Journal of the American Statistical Associa tion, December 1942, Vol. 37, pp. 415-424. R e v is io n o f I n d e x o f C o s t o f G oo d s P u rc h a sed b y W a g e By Faith M. Williams, Margaret H. Hogg, and Ewan Clague. From the Monthly Labor Review (September 1935) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. E a r n e r s and L o w er -S a la rie d W o r k e r s . S u m m a r y o f In crea sed C o s t o f L iv in g , J u ly 1 9 1 4 to Ju n e 1 9 1 9 . By Hugh S. Hanna. From the Monthly Labor Review (October 1919) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. R e v is io n o f th e R e ta il F o o d P r ic e I n d e x in A u g u s t 1 9 4 7 . By Willard Fazar. Serial No. R. 1941, from the Monthly Labor Review (October 1948) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 80 G oods, 1949. October 1947; and S u p p lem en ts I , I I , and U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. In d e x e s o f R e n ts P a id b y M o d e ra te-In c o m e F a m ilie s in Issued April 1948 by the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. R e ta il P ric e s o f F o o d , 1 9 4 6 and 1 9 4 7 . By Lillian Leikind and Willard Fazar. Bulletin No. 938 of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1948. R e ta il P r ic e s o f F o o d , 1 9 4 4 and 1 9 4 5 . Bulletin No. 899 of the U. S. Bureau o f Labor Statistics. R e ta il P ric e s o f F o o d , 1 9 4 2 and 1 9 4 8 . Bulletin No. 799 of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1944. R e ta il P r ic e s o f F o o d and C oal, 1 9 4 1 . Bulletin No. 707 of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1942. R e ta il F o o d P r ic e s , b y C itie s. A monthly release of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. C o n su m e rs9 P r ic e In d e x and R e ta il F o o d P r ic e s . A monthly release of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. C o st o f L iv in g in 1 9 4 1 . Bulletin No. 710 of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1942. 8 4 L a r g e C itie s, 1 9 1 4 -4 8 . BIBLIOGRAPHY Bulletin No. 916 of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1948. H a n d b oo k o f L a b o r S ta tistic s, 1 9 4 7 E d itio n . W a r tim e P r ic e s, P a r t 1 — A u g u s t 1 9 3 9 to P e a r l H a r b o r . By John M. Blair and Melville J. Ulmer. Bulletin No. 749 of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1944. R e v ie w o f P r ic e s , q u a r te rly and an n u ally. Published regularly in the Monthly Labor Review, of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Price Control By Saul Nelson. From the Monthly Labor Review (October 1942) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Sta tistics. Q u a r te r ly R e p o r ts , Office o f P r ic e A d m in is t r a tio n : First Quarterly Report for the Period Ended April 30, 1942; Second Report Covering the Operations of the Office between May 1 and July 31, 1942; Third Quarterly Report for the Period Ended October 31. 1942; Fourth Quarterly Report for the Period Ended January 31, 1943; Fifth Quarterly Report for the Period Ended April 30, 1943; Sixth Quar terly Report for the Period Ended June 30, 1943; Seventh Quarterly Report for the Period Ended September 30, 1943. T h e G en era l M a x im u m P r ic e R eg u la tio n . By Doris P. Rothwell. Bulletin No. 879 of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1946. P r o g r e s s o f P r ic e R eg u la tio n to S e p te m b e r 1 9 4 2 . P ric e C o n tro l S in ce th e G en era l M a x im u m P ric e R e g u lation. By Doris P. Rothwell. Serial No. R. 1785, from the Monthly Labor Review (October 1945) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. L iv in g C o s ts S in ce B e g in n in g o f R e ta il P r ic e C o n tro l. By Melville J. Ulmer. Serial No. R. 1547, from the Monthly Labor Review (July 1943) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. A c t iv i t ie s o f th e B u r ea u o f L a b o r S ta tistic s in W o r ld Historical Reports of War Administra tion, No. 1. U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, June 1947. W a r II. Indirect Price Increases By Louise J. Mack. Serial No. R. 1935, from the Monthly Labor Review (July 1948) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. M e a s u r in g P ric e and Q u a lity o f C o n su m e rs’ G ood s. By Faith M. Williams and Ethel D. Hoover, of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Reprinted from the Journal of Marketing, April 1946. C o st o f C loth in g f o r M o d e r a te -In c o m e F a m ilies 1 9 3 5 -4 4 . Bulletin No. 789, of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, July 1944. P o s t w a r C h a n g es in th e Q u a lity o f A p p a r e l. R e c e n t C h a n g es in th e C h a ra c ter o f C ivilia n T e x tile s By Laura Brown Webb. Serial No. R. 1573, from the Monthly Labor Review (September 1943) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. and A p p a r e l. 81 W a r tim e C h a n g es in C o n su m e r G oo d s in A m e r ic a n M a r k et. By Laura Brown Webb. Serial No. R. 1488, from the Monthly Labor Review (November 1942) o f the U. S. Bureau o f Labor Statistics. E ff e c t s o f R isin g C o s ts on Q u a lity o f W e a r in g A p p a r e l. By Laura May Brown. Serial No. R. 1257, from the Monthly Labor Review (February 1941) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. In d ir ec t P r ic e In c r e a se s. By Melville J. Ulmer. Serial No. R. 1492, from the Monthly Labor Review (No vember 1942) o f the U. S. Bureau o f Labor Sta tistics. Cost-of-Living-Index Controversy R e p o r t o f th e P r e s id e n t’s C o m m itte e on th e C o s t o f L iv in g . Office of Economic Stabilization, 1945. A n A p p r a isa l o f th e U . S . B u r ea u o f L a b o r S ta tistic s C o s t -o f-L iv in g I n d e x , b y a S p ecia l C o m m itte e of A reprint from the Journal of the American Statistical As sociation* for December 1943. C o st o f L iv in g . By George Meany and R. J. Thomas, labor members of Presidential Committee on the Cost of Living, January 25, 1944. th e A m e r ic a n S ta tistic a l A sso c ia tio n . A p p r a isa l o f th e U . S . B u r ea u o f L a b o r S ta tistic s C o st o f L iv in g In d e x — A p p e n d ix . (For the report itself, see Journal of the American Statistical Associa tion, December 1943, pp. 387-405.) Prepared for a special committee of the American Statistical As sociation by Dorothy S. Brady, Bureau o f Human Nutrition and Home Economics, and Solomon Fabricant, National Bureau of Economic Research, with the assistance of the staff of the U. S. Bureau o f Labor Statistics. (Appendix reprinted from the Journal of the American Statistical Association, March 1944, pp. 57-95.) T h e C o s t o f L iv in g I n d e x o f th e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s. A Review and Appraisal of “ Cost o f Liv ing” by George Meany and R. J. Thomas. Made by the Bureau o f Labor Statistics, Dept, o f Labor, February 25, 1944. R e p o r t o f th e T ech n ica l C o m m itte e A p p o in te d b y th e C h a irm a n o f th e P re sid e n t’s C o m m itte e on th e C o s t o f L iv in g . Wesley C. Mitchell, Chairman, June 15, 1944. O b se r v a tio n s on th e C o s t o f L iv in g In d e x o f th e B u r e a u By Lazare Teper, Director of Research, International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union. Reprinted from the Journal of the Amer ican Statistical Association, September 1943. (In cludes “ Notes on Mr. Teper’s Observations,” by Aryness Joy Wickens and Faith M. Williams, of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.) o f L a b o r S ta tistic s. S ta te m e n t o f L e w is B . S ch w ellen ba ch , S e c r e ta r y o f L a bor, R e g a r d in g th e “ C o s t -o f-L iv in g ” I n d e x . A re lease of the U. S. Dept, o f Labor. N a tio n a l In d u stria l C o n fe re n c e B o a r d — A C ritica l A n a ly sis o f th e M e a n y -T h o m a s R e p o r t on th e C o s t o f L iv in g . CONSUMERS’ PRICES IN THE UNITED STATES 82 Wage Adjustments (July 1948) of the U. S. Bureau o f Labor Sta tistics. A d ju s t m e n t o f F e d e r a l S a la ries to th e C o s t o f L iv in g . From the Monthly Labor Review (February 1934) of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. A d ju s t m e n t s o f W a g e s to C h a n g es in C o st o f L iv in g By the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, October 1946. (E s c a la to r C la u s e s ). C o llective B a rg a in in g P ro v is io n s— W a g e A d ju s t m e n t (Preliminary draft). By the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, January 1948. P la n s C o s t -o f-L iv in g C la u s e s ). W age A d ju s t m e n t C la u ses (E s c a la to r By the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, June 1948. From the Labor Relations Refer ence Manual, Vol. 10, March 1, 1942-August 31, 1942, pp. 969-980. L ittle S te e l F o r m u la , fr o m R eg u la tio n s o f S ta b iliza tion D ir e c to r C o n tro llin g W a g e A d ju s tm e n ts . From the Monthly Labor Review (December 1942) of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Dept, of Labor. C o s t -o f-L iv in g W a g e C la u ses and U A W - G M P a c t. By Nelson M. Bortz. From the Monthly Labor Review L ittle S te e l F o r m u la . Family Budgets, Expenditures C o s ts . By Bernard Mandel. Serial No. R. 1952, from the Monthly Labor Review (March 1949), of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. W o rk ers* B u d g e ts in th e U n ite d S ta te s . Bulletin No. 927 of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1948. W a r tim e F o o d P u rc h a ses. By Lenore A. Epstein. Bul letin No. 838 of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Sta tistics, 1945. M e a s u r in g I n t e r c it y D iffe r e n c e s in L iv in g S p en d in g and S a v in g o f th e N a tio n 9s F a m ilies in W a r tim e. By Alice Hanson and Jerome Cornfield. Bul letin No. 723 of the U. S. Bureau o f Labor Sta tistics, 1942. In c o m e , S p en d in g , and S a v in g o f C i t y F a m ilies in W a r tim e. By Alice Hanson, Jerome Cornfield, and Lenore A. Epstein. Bulletin No. 724 of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1942. ☆ U . S . 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