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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 8:30 a.m. (ET) Wednesday, April 12, 2023 USDL-23-0674 Technical information: (202) 691-7000 • cpi_info@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cpi Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov CONSUMER PRICE INDEX – MARCH 2023 The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) rose 0.1 percent in March on a seasonally adjusted basis, after increasing 0.4 percent in February, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the last 12 months, the all items index increased 5.0 percent before seasonal adjustment. The index for shelter was by far the largest contributor to the monthly all items increase. This more than offset a decline in the energy index, which decreased 3.5 percent over the month as all major energy component indexes declined. The food index was unchanged in March with the food at home index falling 0.3 percent. The index for all items less food and energy rose 0.4 percent in March, after rising 0.5 percent in February. Indexes which increased in March include shelter, motor vehicle insurance, airline fares, household furnishings and operations, and new vehicles. The index for medical care and the index for used cars and trucks were among those that decreased over the month. The all items index increased 5.0 percent for the 12 months ending March; this was the smallest 12month increase since the period ending May 2021. The all items less food and energy index rose 5.6 percent over the last 12 months. The energy index decreased 6.4 percent for the 12 months ending March, and the food index increased 8.5 percent over the last year. Chart 1. One-month percent change in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), seasonally adjusted, Mar. 2022 - Mar. 2023 Percent change 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.0 Mar'22 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 0.4 0.1 Dec 0.1 Jan Feb Mar'23 Chart 2. 12-month percent change in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), not seasonally adjusted, Mar. 2022 - Mar. 2023 Percent change 10 9 8 7 6 5 Mar'22 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan All items less food and energy All items Table A. Percent changes in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average 1 N o t s e a s o n a l l y adjusted. -2- Feb Mar'23 Food The food index was unchanged in March. The food at home index fell 0.3 percent over the month, the first decline in that index since September 2020. Three of the six major grocery store food group indexes decreased over the month. The index for meats, poultry, fish, and eggs decreased 1.4 percent in March as the index for eggs fell 10.9 percent. The fruits and vegetables index declined 1.3 percent over the month, and the dairy and related products index decreased 0.1 percent. In contrast, the index for other food at home rose 0.4 percent in March, following a 0.3-percent increase the previous month. The cereals and bakery products index increased 0.6 percent over the month, and the nonalcoholic beverages index rose 0.2 percent. The food away from home index rose 0.6 percent in March, as it did in the previous 2 months. The index for full service meals increased 0.7 percent over the month and the index for limited service meals increased 0.5 percent. The food at home index rose 8.4 percent over the last 12 months. The index for cereals and bakery products rose 13.6 percent over the 12 months ending in March. The remaining major grocery store food groups posted increases ranging from 2.5 percent (fruits and vegetables) to 11.3 percent (nonalcoholic beverages). The index for food away from home rose 8.8 percent over the last year. The index for full service meals rose 8.0 percent over the last 12 months, and the index for limited service meals rose 7.9 percent over the same period. Energy The energy index fell 3.5 percent in March after decreasing 0.6 percent in February. The gasoline index decreased 4.6 percent in March, following a 1.0-percent increase in the previous month. (Before seasonal adjustment, gasoline prices rose 1.0 percent in March.) The natural gas index decreased 7.1 percent over the month, following an 8.0-percent decline in February. The index for electricity decreased 0.7 percent in March, the largest decline in that index since January 2021. The energy index fell 6.4 percent over the past 12 months. The gasoline index decreased 17.4 percent over the last 12 months, while the fuel oil index fell 14.2 percent over the span. In contrast, the index for electricity rose 10.2 percent over the last year, and the index for natural gas increased 5.5 percent over the same period. All items less food and energy The index for all items less food and energy rose 0.4 percent in March after rising 0.5 percent in February. The shelter index increased 0.6 percent over the month after rising 0.8 percent in February. The index for rent and the index for owners’ equivalent rent both rose 0.5 percent in March following larger increases in the previous month. The index for lodging away from home increased 2.7 percent in March. The shelter index was the dominant factor in the monthly increase in the index for all items less food and energy. Among the other indexes that rose in March was the index for motor vehicle insurance, which increased 1.2 percent, and the index for airline fares which increased 4.0 percent. The indexes for -3- household furnishings and operations, new vehicles, education, and apparel also increased in March. In contrast, the index for used cars and trucks fell 0.9 percent in March, continuing a recent downward trend. The medical care index fell 0.3 percent in March, after falling 0.5 percent in February. The index for hospital services fell 0.4 percent over the month, after being unchanged in February. The index for physicians’ services continued to decline, falling 0.2 percent after declining 0.5 percent in February. The prescription drugs index increased 0.1 percent in March. The index for all items less food and energy rose 5.6 percent over the past 12 months. The shelter index increased 8.2 percent over the last year, accounting for over 60 percent of the total increase in all items less food and energy. Other indexes with notable increases over the last year include motor vehicle insurance (+15.0 percent), household furnishings and operations (+5.6 percent), recreation (+4.8 percent), and new vehicles (+6.1 percent). Not seasonally adjusted CPI measures The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) increased 5.0 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 301.836 (1982-84=100). For the month, the index increased 0.3 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) increased 4.5 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 296.021 (1982-84=100). For the month, the index increased 0.3 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. The Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) increased 5.1 percent over the last 12 months. For the month, the index increased 0.3 percent on a not seasonally adjusted basis. Please note that the indexes for the past 10 to 12 months are subject to revision. _______________ The Consumer Price Index for April 2023 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, May 10, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET). -4- Technical Note Brief Explanation of the CPI The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in prices paid by consumers for goods and services. The CPI reflects spending patterns for each of two population groups: all urban consumers and urban wage earners and clerical workers. The all urban consumer group represents over 90 percent of the total U.S. population. It is based on the expenditures of almost all residents of urban or metropolitan areas, including professionals, the self-employed, the poor, the unemployed, and retired people, as well as urban wage earners and clerical workers. Not included in the CPI are the spending patterns of people living in rural nonmetropolitan areas, farming families, people in the Armed Forces, and those in institutions, such as prisons and mental hospitals. Consumer inflation for all urban consumers is measured by two indexes, namely, the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) and the Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U). The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is based on the expenditures of households included in the CPI-U definition that meet two requirements: more than onehalf of the household's income must come from clerical or wage occupations, and at least one of the household's earners must have been employed for at least 37 weeks during the previous 12 months. The CPI-W population represents approximately 30 percent of the total U.S. population and is a subset of the CPI-U population. The CPIs are based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, fuels, transportation, doctors’ and dentists’ services, drugs, and other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. Prices are collected each month in 75 urban areas across the country from about 6,000 housing units and approximately 22,000 retail establishments (department stores, supermarkets, hospitals, filling stations, and other types of stores and service establishments). All taxes directly associated with the purchase and use of items are included in the index. Prices of fuels and a few other items are obtained every month in all 75 locations. Prices of most other commodities and services are collected every month in the three largest geographic areas and every other month in other areas. Prices of most goods and services are obtained by personal visit, telephone call, or web collection by the Bureau’s trained representatives. In calculating the index, price changes for the various items in each location are aggregated using weights, which represent their importance in the spending of the appropriate population group. Local data are then combined to obtain a U.S. city average. For the CPI-U and CPI-W, separate indexes are also published by size of city, by region of the country, for cross-classifications of regions and population-size classes, and for 23 selected local areas. Area indexes do not measure differences in the level of prices among cities; they only measure the average change in prices for each area since the base period. For the C-CPI-U, data are issued only at the national level. The CPI-U and CPI-W are considered final when released, but the C-CPI-U is issued in preliminary form and subject to three subsequent quarterly revisions. The index measures price change from a designed reference date. For most of the CPI-U and the CPI-W, the reference base is 1982-84 equals 100. The reference base for the C-CPI-U is December 1999 equals 100. An increase of 7 percent from the reference base, for example, is shown as 107.000. Alternatively, that relationship can also be expressed as the price of a base period market basket of goods and services rising from $100 to $107. -5- Sampling Error in the CPI The CPI is a statistical estimate that is subject to sampling error because it is based upon a sample of retail prices and not the complete universe of all prices. BLS calculates and publishes estimates of the 1month, 2-month, 6-month, and 12-month percent change standard errors annually for the CPI-U. These standard error estimates can be used to construct confidence intervals for hypothesis testing. For example, the estimated standard error of the 1-month percent change is 0.03 percent for the U.S. all items CPI. This means that if we repeatedly sample from the universe of all retail prices using the same methodology, and estimate a percentage change for each sample, then 95 percent of these estimates will be within 0.06 percent of the 1-month percentage change based on all retail prices. For example, for a 1month change of 0.2 percent in the all items CPI-U, we are 95 percent confident that the actual percent change based on all retail prices would fall between 0.14 and 0.26 percent. For the latest data, including information on how to use the estimates of standard error, see www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/varianceestimates/home.htm. Calculating Index Changes Movements of the indexes from 1 month to another are usually expressed as percent changes rather than changes in index points, because index point changes are affected by the level of the index in relation to its base period, while percent changes are not. The following table shows an example of using index values to calculate percent changes: Item A Item B Item C Year I 112.500 225.000 110.000 Year II 121.500 243.000 128.000 9.000 18.000 18.000 Change in index points Percent change 9.0/112.500 x 100 = 8.0 18.0/225.000 x 100 = 8.0 18.0/110.000 x 100 = 16.4 Use of Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data The Consumer Price Index (CPI) program produces both unadjusted and seasonally adjusted data. Seasonally adjusted data are computed using seasonal factors derived by the X-13ARIMA-SEATS seasonal adjustment method. These factors are updated each February, and the new factors are used to revise the previous 5 years of seasonally adjusted data. The factors are available at www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/seasonal-adjustment/seasonal-factors-2023.xlsx. For more information on data revision scheduling, please see the Factsheet on Seasonal Adjustment at www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonaladjustment/questions-and-answers.htm and the Timeline of Seasonal Adjustment Methodological Changes at www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonal-adjustment/timeline-seasonal-adjustment-methodologychanges.htm. How to Use Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data For analyzing short-term price trends in the economy, seasonally adjusted changes are usually preferred since they eliminate the effect of changes that normally occur at the same time and in about the same magnitude every year—such as price movements resulting from weather events, production cycles, model changeovers, holidays, and sales. This allows data users to focus on changes that are not typical for the time of year. -6- The unadjusted data are of primary interest to consumers concerned about the prices they actually pay. Unadjusted data are also used extensively for escalation purposes. Many collective bargaining contract agreements and pension plans, for example, tie compensation changes to the Consumer Price Index before adjustment for seasonal variation. BLS advises against the use of seasonally adjusted data in escalation agreements because seasonally adjusted series are revised annually. Intervention Analysis The Bureau of Labor Statistics uses intervention analysis seasonal adjustment (IASA) for some CPI series. Sometimes extreme values or sharp movements can distort the underlying seasonal pattern of price change. Intervention analysis seasonal adjustment is a process by which the distortions caused by such unusual events are estimated and removed from the data prior to calculation of seasonal factors. The resulting seasonal factors, which more accurately represent the seasonal pattern, are then applied to the unadjusted data. For example, this procedure was used for the motor fuel series to offset the effects of the 2009 return to normal pricing after the worldwide economic downturn in 2008. Retaining this outlier data during seasonal factor calculation would distort the computation of the seasonal portion of the time series data for motor fuel, so it was estimated and removed from the data prior to seasonal adjustment. Following that, seasonal factors were calculated based on this “prior adjusted” data. These seasonal factors represent a clearer picture of the seasonal pattern in the data. The last step is for motor fuel seasonal factors to be applied to the unadjusted data. For the seasonal factors introduced for January 2023, BLS adjusted 57 series using intervention analysis seasonal adjustment, including selected food and beverage items, motor fuels and vehicles. Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Indexes Seasonally adjusted data, including the U.S. city average all items index levels, are subject to revision for up to 5 years after their original release. Every year, economists in the CPI calculate new seasonal factors for seasonally adjusted series and apply them to the last 5 years of data. Seasonally adjusted indexes beyond the last 5 years of data are considered to be final and not subject to revision. For January 2023, revised seasonal factors and seasonally adjusted indexes for 2018 to 2022 were calculated and published. For series which are directly adjusted using the Census X-13ARIMA-SEATS seasonal adjustment software, the seasonal factors for 2022 will be applied to data for 2023 to produce the seasonally adjusted 2023 indexes. Series which are indirectly seasonally adjusted by summing seasonally adjusted component series have seasonal factors which are derived and are therefore not available in advance. Determining Seasonal Status Each year the seasonal status of every series is reevaluated based upon certain statistical criteria. Using these criteria, BLS economists determine whether a series should change its status from "not seasonally adjusted" to "seasonally adjusted", or vice versa. If any of the 81 components of the U.S. city average all items index change their seasonal adjustment status from seasonally adjusted to not seasonally adjusted, not seasonally adjusted data will be used in the aggregation of the dependent series for the last 5 years, but the seasonally adjusted indexes before that period will not be changed. For 2023, 37 of the 81 components of the U.S. city average all items index are not seasonally adjusted. -7- Contact Information For additional information about the CPI visit www.bls.gov/cpi or contact the CPI Information and Analysis Section at 202-691-7000 or cpi_info@bls.gov. For additional information on seasonal adjustment in the CPI visit www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonaladjustment/home.htm If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services. -8- Table 1. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023 [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Expenditure category Relative importance Feb. 2023 Unadjusted indexes Mar. 2022 Feb. 2023 Mar. 2023 Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 Dec. 2022Jan. 2023 Jan. 2023Feb. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 All items............................................ . Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cereals and bakery products. . . . . . . . . . . . Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs. . . . . . . . . . . . Dairy and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials................................. . Other food at home....................... . Food away from home1..................... . 100.000 13.507 8.708 1.168 1.830 0.810 1.501 287.504 295.728 278.612 311.606 305.116 245.258 337.503 300.840 320.569 302.483 350.772 321.803 272.271 351.249 301.836 320.863 301.918 353.866 318.306 271.384 345.814 5.0 8.5 8.4 13.6 4.3 10.7 2.5 0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.9 -1.1 -0.3 -1.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.0 -0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.3 0.6 -1.4 -0.1 -1.3 1.053 2.347 4.798 194.342 241.804 321.689 215.925 266.612 347.869 216.329 268.567 349.944 11.3 11.1 8.8 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.6 Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel oil1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline (all types). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy services.............................. . Electricity................................... . Utility (piped) gas service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.995 3.578 0.135 3.379 3.283 3.417 2.568 0.849 298.246 375.027 469.743 368.440 366.499 237.825 240.558 225.679 281.673 309.280 419.629 302.153 299.774 266.353 266.887 258.976 279.084 311.160 403.040 304.575 302.673 259.647 265.033 238.182 -6.4 -17.0 -14.2 -17.3 -17.4 9.2 10.2 5.5 -0.9 0.6 -4.0 0.8 1.0 -2.5 -0.7 -8.0 2.0 1.9 -1.2 2.3 2.4 2.1 0.5 6.7 -0.6 0.5 -7.9 0.9 1.0 -1.7 0.5 -8.0 -3.5 -4.6 -4.0 -4.7 -4.6 -2.3 -0.7 -7.1 All items less food and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food and energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Used cars and trucks..................... . Medical care commodities1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcoholic beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco and smoking products1. . . . . . . . Services less energy services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shelter...................................... . Rent of primary residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . Owners’ equivalent rent of residences2........................... . Medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physicians’ services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hospital services1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle maintenance and repair1. . . . . . . .......................... . Motor vehicle insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airline fares. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.498 289.305 304.011 305.476 5.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 164.449 166.246 166.961 128.919 132.039 133.112 168.056 177.817 178.342 208.216 183.241 184.997 385.084 396.560 398.917 270.352 282.377 282.588 1,321.917 1,402.834 1,413.380 365.938 390.070 392.024 346.618 372.510 374.971 361.083 391.141 392.910 1.5 3.3 6.1 -11.2 3.6 4.5 6.9 7.1 8.2 8.8 0.4 0.8 0.3 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.2 -1.9 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.8 0.2 -2.8 0.1 -0.3 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.4 -0.9 0.6 0.1 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.5 1 Not seasonally adjusted. Indexes on a December 1982=100 base. 3 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base. 2 21.323 2.592 4.288 2.554 1.453 0.838 0.496 58.175 34.473 7.533 25.411 6.525 1.819 1.923 5.812 354.968 589.652 409.998 373.307 340.671 381.844 598.778 413.034 384.996 382.801 383.502 595.745 412.119 383.420 387.966 8.0 1.0 0.5 2.7 13.9 0.4 -0.5 -0.2 -0.4 1.3 0.7 -0.7 -0.1 0.5 0.9 0.7 -0.7 -0.5 0.0 1.1 0.5 -0.5 -0.2 -0.4 1.4 1.106 2.554 0.606 329.992 589.143 243.689 372.572 668.806 281.216 373.865 677.445 286.814 13.3 15.0 17.7 0.3 1.3 2.0 1.3 1.4 -2.1 0.2 0.9 6.4 0.3 1.2 4.0 Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure category, March 2023 [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Expenditure category All items................................................................ . Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cereals and bakery products................................ . Cereals and cereal products.............................. . Flour and prepared flour mixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Breakfast cereal1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rice, pasta, cornmeal................................... . Rice1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bakery products1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bread1, 2................................................ . White bread1, 3...................................... . Bread other than white1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh biscuits, rolls, muffins2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies1..................... . Cookies1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh cakes and cupcakes1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other bakery products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh sweetrolls, coffeecakes, doughnuts1, 3. . . . Crackers, bread, and cracker products3. . . . . . . . . Frozen and refrigerated bakery products, pies, tarts, turnovers3.................................. . Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs............................... . Meats, poultry, and fish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Meats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beef and veal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked ground beef1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked beef roasts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked beef steaks2............................ . Uncooked other beef and veal1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pork..................................................... . Bacon, breakfast sausage, and related products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bacon and related products3................... . Breakfast sausage and related products2, 3. . . Ham.................................................. . Ham, excluding canned3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pork chops1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... . Other pork including roasts, steaks, and ribs2.. . Other meats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frankfurters3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lunchmeats1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poultry1................................................. . Chicken1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh whole chicken1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh and frozen chicken parts1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . Other uncooked poultry including turkey2. . . . . . . . Fish and seafood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fish and seafood1, 2......................... . Processed fish and seafood2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shelf stable fish and seafood3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen fish and seafood3....................... . 1 Eggs ...................................................... . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Feb. 2023 100.000 13.507 8.708 1.168 0.364 0.061 0.143 0.159 0.804 0.226 0.119 0.209 0.250 1.830 1.664 1.026 0.436 0.156 0.057 0.180 0.043 0.336 0.142 0.070 0.045 0.079 0.255 0.348 0.278 0.069 0.290 0.142 0.149 0.167 Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 Dec. 2022Jan. 2023 Jan. 2023Feb. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 5.0 8.5 8.4 13.6 12.8 17.5 12.5 11.2 9.5 13.9 15.2 16.5 13.8 10.3 15.5 16.6 13.0 13.3 8.3 13.6 0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.9 1.3 0.6 2.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 1.0 -0.3 -1.0 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.8 1.3 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.0 1.3 -0.9 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.2 0.2 -0.1 0.8 1.2 1.7 2.5 1.1 0.4 -0.2 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.8 -1.1 -0.1 -0.5 0.7 1.2 0.4 1.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 -0.1 -0.7 0.4 0.1 0.0 -0.3 0.6 0.6 0.0 2.4 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.4 1.0 -0.3 -0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.9 1.3 1.3 16.2 4.3 2.4 0.7 -1.9 -1.4 -4.4 -0.7 -5.0 -0.6 2.6 -1.1 -0.1 0.3 0.5 0.4 -1.2 1.4 -0.4 -0.7 1.2 0.7 0.0 0.0 1.1 -0.2 2.0 1.3 0.9 0.0 -1.4 -0.1 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.2 -1.4 1.2 -1.2 0.7 2.8 -1.4 -0.5 -0.3 -0.3 0.4 -2.3 0.4 -0.4 -1.1 -0.7 -5.5 8.1 4.2 4.2 -1.0 -4.4 8.8 5.8 10.5 7.5 6.5 8.9 5.7 11.6 2.6 2.0 3.4 3.5 3.7 36.0 0.5 1.0 0.1 -1.4 -1.6 -1.4 -1.8 1.1 -1.3 1.3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -0.4 0.6 -1.1 -0.6 -1.6 -2.1 -1.4 -10.9 -0.5 -0.6 0.6 3.0 3.5 -3.5 -2.3 -1.9 -3.5 -1.7 -0.1 -0.6 -0.1 -1.0 0.1 -0.1 1.6 -0.7 -2.3 -1.0 8.5 -0.5 -1.5 1.4 3.3 3.9 2.3 1.8 0.1 1.6 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.1 -0.4 1.5 0.2 1.9 3.8 1.2 -6.7 0.3 1.0 -0.9 -4.8 -5.1 -1.4 -1.6 0.9 -2.9 1.3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -0.4 1.0 -1.2 -0.6 -0.4 -1.8 0.8 -10.9 Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure category, March 2023 — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Expenditure category Dairy and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Milk2.......................................................... . Fresh whole milk3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh milk other than whole2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheese and related products1............................ . Ice cream and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other dairy and related products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fruits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bananas1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Citrus fruits2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oranges, including tangerines3................... . Other fresh fruits2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potatoes................................................ . Lettuce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tomatoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fresh vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fruits and vegetables2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned fruits and vegetables2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned fruits2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned vegetables2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen fruits and vegetables2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen vegetables3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other processed fruits and vegetables including dried2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dried beans, peas, and lentils1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials. . . . . . . . . Juices and nonalcoholic drinks2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carbonated drinks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen noncarbonated juices and drinks1, 2. . . . . . . . . . Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices and drinks2. . . . . . . . . Beverage materials including coffee and tea2. . . . . . . . . . . Coffee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted coffee3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Instant coffee1, 3....................................... . Other beverage materials including tea1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . Other food at home........................................... . Sugar and sweets1......................................... . Sugar and sugar substitutes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Candy and chewing gum1, 2............................ . Other sweets2............................................ . Fats and oils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Butter and margarine2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Butter3.................................................. . Margarine1, 3........................................... . Salad dressing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fats and oils including peanut butter2. . . . . . . . . . Peanut butter1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other foods............................................... . Soups................................................... . Frozen and freeze dried prepared foods. . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Feb. 2023 0.810 0.200 0.248 0.123 0.239 1.501 1.117 0.597 0.085 0.092 0.174 0.246 0.520 0.089 0.073 0.085 0.272 0.384 0.196 0.112 0.076 1.053 0.738 0.309 0.008 0.421 0.314 0.203 0.112 2.347 0.304 0.041 0.192 0.071 0.261 0.085 0.061 0.115 1.782 0.106 0.270 Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 Dec. 2022Jan. 2023 Jan. 2023Feb. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 10.7 5.5 4.3 6.5 8.2 15.3 16.0 2.5 -0.2 -1.5 5.2 1.9 -3.7 -3.1 -3.6 1.4 9.7 1.2 0.3 0.0 11.1 10.2 11.6 9.3 15.1 20.1 -0.3 -1.3 -1.2 -1.3 0.0 0.8 -0.4 -1.5 -1.9 -1.7 0.0 -1.5 0.5 -1.5 -3.8 -2.2 -1.0 -5.6 -3.4 -1.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.8 -0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.5 -0.5 -0.3 0.7 -0.2 -0.5 -0.7 0.8 1.9 1.5 2.8 2.8 -1.8 -2.3 -2.9 -3.6 -7.7 -0.2 0.1 -1.0 -1.3 0.0 -0.1 1.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.7 1.3 0.2 -0.1 0.4 -0.9 1.7 -0.2 -1.8 -1.4 -0.7 2.8 -4.7 2.0 -1.6 1.2 0.2 0.9 -0.1 4.5 4.8 -0.1 -1.0 -1.3 -0.6 0.0 1.2 -0.8 -1.3 -1.7 -1.7 -0.5 -1.5 -0.3 0.5 -2.7 -1.7 -1.6 -5.7 -2.1 -0.9 -0.3 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.2 -0.3 7.9 1.3 11.3 11.7 11.5 11.1 11.9 10.4 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.5 11.1 10.0 12.7 9.6 9.3 15.9 17.3 8.7 33.4 16.4 14.9 3.2 10.5 11.2 9.5 -0.9 -0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 -0.4 0.3 -0.1 -0.5 0.2 -2.4 0.7 0.7 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.9 -0.7 -2.5 -3.5 -1.5 1.7 -0.7 -2.3 1.1 1.2 1.5 2.5 0.8 0.4 -0.1 -1.5 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.9 -0.1 3.6 0.5 0.7 1.7 0.0 1.7 0.8 0.0 -0.8 -1.7 1.2 1.3 -0.6 -0.5 0.6 1.8 0.1 -0.6 -3.2 1.0 1.0 -0.1 3.7 1.8 0.5 0.3 -0.1 1.1 1.6 0.3 0.5 2.1 -0.2 1.5 0.4 -1.0 -1.9 1.5 0.8 1.2 2.5 0.2 -1.3 0.2 -1.4 -0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 -0.4 0.3 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -2.4 0.7 0.4 -0.2 -0.4 0.0 -1.3 -0.6 -3.7 -6.0 -1.5 0.7 0.5 -2.3 0.7 0.4 1.6 Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure category, March 2023 — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Expenditure category Relative importance Feb. 2023 Snacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spices, seasonings, condiments, sauces. . . . . . . . . . . Salt and other seasonings and spices2, 3. . . . . . . . Olives, pickles, relishes1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sauces and gravies2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other condiments3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baby food and formula1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other miscellaneous foods2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepared salads3, 4................................. . Food away from home1......................................... . Full service meals and snacks1, 2........................... . Limited service meals and snacks1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at employee sites and schools1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at elementary and secondary schools1, 3, 5. . . . . . . Food from vending machines and mobile vendors1, 2. . . . Other food away from home1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.372 0.361 Energy............................................................... . Energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel oil and other fuels....................................... . Fuel oil1...................................................... . Propane, kerosene, and firewood6....................... . Motor fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline (all types). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded regular3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded midgrade3, 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded premium3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other motor fuels1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy services.................................................. . Electricity....................................................... . Utility (piped) gas service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.995 3.578 0.200 0.135 0.065 3.379 3.283 All items less food and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food and energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . Household furnishings and supplies8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Window and floor coverings and other linens2. . . . . . . . . . Floor coverings1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Window coverings1, 2.................................... . Other linens2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture and bedding1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bedroom furniture1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Living room, kitchen, and dining room furniture1, 2. . . Other furniture2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appliances2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major appliances2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laundry equipment1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other appliances1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other household equipment and furnishings2. . . . . . . . . . . Clocks, lamps, and decorator items1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indoor plants and flowers9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dishes and flatware1, 2.................................. . Nonelectric cookware and tableware2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment and supplies2. . . . Tools, hardware and supplies2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outdoor equipment and supplies2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.498 21.323 4.430 0.318 0.086 0.075 0.157 1.173 0.383 0.571 0.212 0.292 0.106 See footnotes at end of table. 0.037 0.635 4.798 2.302 2.232 0.075 0.025 0.165 0.095 3.417 2.568 0.849 0.184 0.585 0.322 0.132 0.043 0.088 1.090 0.273 0.575 Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 Dec. 2022Jan. 2023 Jan. 2023Feb. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 9.5 10.5 7.0 13.1 13.7 13.7 7.6 11.8 11.5 8.8 8.0 7.9 131.3 296.3 16.2 6.3 2.2 0.5 1.9 1.1 0.7 0.1 -0.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.3 6.2 -0.5 1.3 2.8 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.0 1.7 0.0 -0.9 1.3 1.0 0.8 2.2 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.7 -0.2 -0.1 1.3 0.6 1.6 -0.3 1.7 1.1 -0.1 -0.5 -0.4 0.4 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.7 -6.4 -17.0 -10.8 -14.2 -2.8 -17.3 -17.4 -18.0 -15.3 -13.2 -9.9 9.2 10.2 5.5 -0.9 0.6 -2.7 -4.0 0.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 -4.9 -2.5 -0.7 -8.0 2.0 1.9 -3.9 -1.2 -2.0 2.3 2.4 1.5 1.8 1.0 -4.2 2.1 0.5 6.7 -0.6 0.5 -6.4 -7.9 0.5 0.9 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.9 -2.0 -1.7 0.5 -8.0 -3.5 -4.6 -2.5 -4.0 -0.5 -4.7 -4.6 -3.3 -5.3 -5.2 -4.9 -2.3 -0.7 -7.1 5.6 1.5 5.8 4.8 11.0 3.6 2.9 2.1 0.3 3.3 1.8 1.1 -7.9 -3.1 6.4 -1.0 -3.0 4.5 1.4 -1.4 11.3 11.0 12.1 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.8 -0.5 0.8 0.4 -0.8 0.6 1.9 0.6 0.6 2.6 0.7 -0.1 0.1 1.5 -2.1 -2.3 0.4 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.5 1.0 1.5 5.8 -0.2 0.0 0.4 -0.4 -1.2 1.4 -2.4 1.6 4.8 -0.1 1.5 -0.1 3.3 1.1 0.6 -0.5 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.8 -1.3 0.3 -3.3 -1.1 0.2 0.8 -0.8 1.2 0.7 -1.3 -3.2 2.3 0.1 1.3 -0.4 1.9 0.2 2.7 0.7 3.9 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.8 -0.5 0.8 0.4 -0.8 0.6 1.6 0.7 -0.1 2.6 0.7 0.4 0.1 1.8 -2.1 -2.6 0.2 0.4 0.3 Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure category, March 2023 — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Expenditure category Housekeeping supplies1................................... . Household cleaning products1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household paper products1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous household products1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel......................................................... . Men’s and boys’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . Men’s suits, sport coats, and outerwear. . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and accessories1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s shirts and sweaters2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s pants and shorts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boys’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s and girls’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s outerwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s dresses..................................... . Women’s suits and separates2...................... . Women’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and accessories2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Girls’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s footwear1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boys’ and girls’ footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s footwear....................................... . Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jewelry and watches6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Watches1, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jewelry6................................................... . Transportation commodities less motor fuel8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . New vehicles................................................ . New cars3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New trucks3, 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Used cars and trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle parts and equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tires1...................................................... . Vehicle accessories other than tires1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vehicle parts and equipment other than tires1, 3. . . Motor oil, coolant, and fluids1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care commodities1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medicinal drugs1, 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prescription drugs1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonprescription drugs1, 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical equipment and supplies1, 8...................... . Recreation commodities8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video and audio products8................................ . Televisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other video equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Audio equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recorded music and music subscriptions1, 2. . . . . . . . . Pets and pet products1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet food1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchase of pets, pet supplies, accessories1, 2, 3. . . . Sporting goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Feb. 2023 Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 Dec. 2022Jan. 2023 Jan. 2023Feb. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 0.971 0.326 0.175 0.469 2.592 0.678 0.502 0.068 10.3 7.6 10.9 12.2 3.3 2.9 2.7 4.3 0.5 1.0 1.4 -0.2 0.8 0.6 0.4 -0.4 1.4 1.2 -0.9 2.3 0.8 1.4 1.9 2.5 0.5 0.7 -0.2 0.7 0.8 -0.4 -1.5 -4.7 0.5 1.0 1.4 -0.2 0.3 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.182 0.125 0.117 0.176 1.065 0.886 0.049 0.097 0.402 3.2 1.3 2.8 3.4 4.1 3.7 4.4 1.5 2.9 -0.4 -0.6 3.1 1.3 1.2 1.4 2.6 3.4 1.5 5.5 -0.4 1.0 -0.8 0.3 -0.1 0.0 -1.2 -1.0 1.4 0.4 -4.0 4.2 1.2 1.0 2.7 6.5 1.1 -0.4 0.5 5.6 0.2 0.4 0.4 4.3 -1.3 -0.4 0.326 0.179 0.514 0.185 0.121 0.208 0.106 0.230 0.038 0.192 7.569 4.288 5.8 5.7 0.3 -2.3 2.2 1.7 4.0 7.3 0.4 8.6 -1.8 6.1 6.6 6.2 -11.2 6.4 4.3 10.3 8.6 14.2 3.6 3.2 2.7 4.7 9.3 3.2 -5.5 -14.0 -3.5 4.9 3.3 10.3 14.4 4.4 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.1 -1.6 3.5 -0.4 -0.4 1.6 -4.2 2.8 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.1 -0.1 0.6 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.1 1.5 1.2 0.1 -0.6 -1.8 3.1 -0.4 0.9 0.8 1.6 -0.3 -0.6 2.0 2.2 -0.2 1.6 -0.9 0.6 3.7 1.3 2.2 0.3 -0.7 0.2 0.3 0.2 -1.9 0.3 0.0 0.9 1.4 -1.8 1.1 1.2 2.1 -0.9 -0.8 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.7 2.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.9 1.4 0.4 -0.4 2.9 0.8 1.5 1.8 0.5 -0.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 -2.8 -0.5 -0.4 -0.7 -1.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.4 -1.4 -3.0 -1.1 1.2 -0.4 1.1 1.2 0.5 0.2 -0.5 0.4 -0.5 -1.6 2.9 -1.0 -0.3 -0.3 -4.2 1.9 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.3 -0.9 0.1 -0.1 0.6 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.1 1.5 1.2 0.2 -0.2 -1.0 3.4 -0.4 0.9 0.8 1.6 -0.3 -0.6 2.554 0.483 0.329 0.154 1.453 1.340 0.952 0.388 0.112 2.285 0.282 0.139 0.016 0.057 0.059 0.669 0.759 Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure category, March 2023 — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Expenditure category Sports vehicles including bicycles1. . .................. . Sports equipment1....................................... . Photographic equipment and supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographic equipment2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreational reading materials1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Newspapers and magazines1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreational books1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other recreational goods2................................. . Toys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toys, games, hobbies and playground equipment2, 3........................................ . Sewing machines, fabric and supplies1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . Music instruments and accessories1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and communication commodities8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Educational books and supplies1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . College textbooks1, 3, 11. . ............................... . Information technology commodities8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computers, peripherals, and smart home assistants1, 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer software and accessories1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telephone hardware, calculators, and other consumer information items1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Smartphones1, 3, 12.................................... . Alcoholic beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcoholic beverages at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beer, ale, and other malt beverages at home. . . . . . . . Distilled spirits at home1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Whiskey at home1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distilled spirits, excluding whiskey, at home1, 3. . . . Wine at home1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcoholic beverages away from home1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beer, ale, and other malt beverages away from home1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................... . Wine away from home1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distilled spirits away from home1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other goods8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco and smoking products1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cigarettes1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco products other than cigarettes1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . Personal care products1................................... . Hair, dental, shaving, and miscellaneous personal care products1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cosmetics, perfume, bath, nail preparations and implements1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous personal goods1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stationery, stationery supplies, gift wrap3. . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less energy services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shelter.......................................................... . Rent of shelter13............................................ . Rent of primary residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging away from home2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housing at school, excluding board13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other lodging away from home including hotels and motels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owners’ equivalent rent of residences13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Feb. 2023 Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 Dec. 2022Jan. 2023 Jan. 2023Feb. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 2.1 -0.1 6.3 5.1 3.8 6.2 0.6 2.4 2.0 -0.8 -0.4 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.5 0.1 0.6 0.3 1.1 -0.3 -0.3 -1.1 -0.4 0.0 -0.9 -0.8 -1.2 0.6 -0.3 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.4 1.2 1.6 -0.8 -0.4 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.5 0.1 0.9 0.7 0.815 1.5 1.8 5.5 -10.2 0.7 1.4 -11.5 0.5 2.8 1.8 -0.5 -1.4 -1.2 -0.4 -2.0 1.5 0.5 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.1 -5.1 1.9 -0.8 0.0 0.1 -0.9 0.9 2.8 1.8 -0.5 -1.4 -1.2 -0.4 0.372 0.023 -5.8 -1.0 0.6 -0.5 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.9 0.6 -0.5 0.419 0.227 0.329 -17.1 -23.9 4.5 3.9 6.1 2.1 1.0 2.5 2.7 5.8 -1.3 -2.6 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.9 0.0 -1.0 0.1 0.3 -0.3 -1.1 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.6 -2.8 -3.2 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.2 -0.3 0.5 0.3 -0.3 -1.3 -2.6 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.9 0.0 -1.0 0.1 0.3 1.244 0.496 0.411 0.078 0.596 5.5 6.9 5.1 6.9 6.9 7.4 3.8 6.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.0 -0.7 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.5 -0.8 0.7 1.0 0.8 2.1 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.0 -0.7 0.8 0.312 8.7 1.3 -0.3 0.7 1.3 0.273 0.153 58.175 34.473 34.102 7.533 1.158 0.161 4.2 8.3 10.4 7.1 8.2 8.3 8.8 7.3 3.0 0.4 -1.3 -1.0 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.5 7.2 0.0 1.0 3.1 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 -0.1 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 2.3 0.2 0.4 -1.3 -1.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 2.7 0.2 0.997 25.411 8.1 8.0 8.4 0.4 1.5 0.7 2.6 0.7 3.1 0.5 0.441 0.309 0.021 0.112 0.060 0.052 0.443 0.357 0.022 0.052 0.912 0.097 0.838 0.509 0.195 0.087 Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure category, March 2023 — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Expenditure category Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence13. . . Tenants’ and household insurance1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water and sewer and trash collection services2. . . . . . . . . . . Water and sewerage maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Garbage and trash collection1, 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household operations1, 2..................................... . Domestic services1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gardening and lawncare services1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Moving, storage, freight expense1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repair of household items1, 2............................. . Medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physicians’ services1.................................... . Dental services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eyeglasses and eye care1, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services by other medical professionals1, 6. . . . . . . . . . . Hospital and related services1............................ . Hospital services1, 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inpatient hospital services1, 14, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outpatient hospital services1, 3, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nursing homes and adult day services14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Care of invalids and elderly at home1, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health insurance1, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leased cars and trucks1, 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Car and truck rental2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle maintenance and repair1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle body work1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle maintenance and servicing1. . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle repair1, 2.................................. . Motor vehicle insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle fees1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State motor vehicle registration and license fees1, 2.................................................. . Parking and other fees1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parking fees and tolls2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airline fares............................................... . Other intercity transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ship fare1, 2, 3.......................................... . Intracity transportation1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intracity mass transit1, 3, 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreation services8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video and audio services8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cable, satellite, and live streaming television service10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchase, subscription, and rental of video1, 2. . . . . . . Video discs and other media1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subscription and rental of video and video games1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet services including veterinary2........................ . Pet services1, 2, 3......................................... . Veterinarian services2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographers and photo processing1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Feb. 2023 Unadjusted percent change Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 Seasonally adjusted percent change Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 Dec. 2022Jan. 2023 Jan. 2023Feb. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 24.026 0.371 1.062 0.760 0.301 8.1 0.9 5.4 4.9 6.7 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.7 -0.1 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.257 1.2 0.0 0.5 -1.3 0.0 0.102 0.111 6.525 3.562 1.819 0.914 0.310 0.519 2.260 1.923 0.8 1.5 0.5 -3.2 1.5 1.0 2.2 0.5 6.8 1.5 -0.2 3.2 2.7 2.3 4.1 6.2 6.2 -10.7 13.9 -0.5 0.0 -0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.7 0.9 0.5 1.0 -4.2 1.3 -0.7 -0.3 -0.5 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.9 0.5 -4.1 1.1 -0.5 0.0 -0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.7 0.9 0.4 1.0 -4.2 1.4 -8.9 13.3 4.3 0.3 10.8 17.4 15.0 2.9 0.4 0.2 1.3 -0.3 -0.5 0.2 0.9 0.5 -0.3 0.9 0.4 -3.8 0.3 0.573 0.419 2.554 0.496 -0.7 -0.1 -0.1 0.5 -0.3 0.0 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.4 1.6 -3.6 0.9 1.0 3.0 1.3 0.4 0.4 2.7 1.4 1.2 0.278 0.197 3.5 1.9 2.4 12.4 17.7 1.5 -2.7 -0.3 0.2 5.9 5.8 0.1 -0.8 -0.4 1.6 2.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1 1.2 1.0 1.5 0.7 -1.8 -2.1 0.1 -0.6 -1.1 0.0 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.0 3.2 6.4 0.0 0.7 -0.9 0.0 1.2 1.6 0.1 -0.8 0.4 3.2 4.0 -0.8 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.9 5.9 6.7 7.0 1.6 -1.2 -4.0 0.5 1.0 -0.2 1.8 0.0 1.4 1.2 -1.2 -4.0 6.2 8.6 8.0 7.7 6.5 -0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 -1.0 0.8 1.0 1.5 0.5 2.7 -0.3 1.8 0.5 2.2 1.2 -0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 -1.0 0.189 0.148 0.703 5.812 0.740 0.118 1.106 0.799 0.606 0.048 0.140 3.121 0.996 0.879 0.116 0.548 0.039 0.4 0.2 1.2 -0.3 Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure category, March 2023 — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Expenditure category Other recreation services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Club membership for shopping clubs, fraternal, or other organizations, or participant sports fees1, 2. . Admissions1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Admission to movies, theaters, and concerts1, 2, 3........................................ . Admission to sporting events1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fees for lessons or instructions1, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and communication services8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tuition, other school fees, and childcare................ . College tuition and fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elementary and high school tuition and fees. . . . . . . . . Day care and preschool9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Technical and business school tuition and fees1, 2.. . Postage and delivery services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Postage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delivery services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telephone services1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wireless telephone services1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential telephone services1, 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internet services and electronic information providers1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other personal services1, 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal care services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Haircuts and other personal care services1, 2. . . . . . . . Miscellaneous personal services1........................ . Legal services1, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Funeral expenses1, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laundry and dry cleaning services1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel services other than laundry and dry cleaning1, 2............................................. . Financial services1, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Checking account and other bank services1, 2, 3. . . Tax return preparation and other accounting fees1, 2, 3............................................. . 1 Not seasonally adjusted. Indexes on a December 1997=100 base. 3 Special index based on a substantially smaller sample. 4 Indexes on a December 2007=100 base. 5 Indexes on a December 2005=100 base. 6 Indexes on a December 1986=100 base. 7 Indexes on a December 1993=100 base. 8 Indexes on a December 2009=100 base. 9 Indexes on a December 1990=100 base. 10 Indexes on a December 1983=100 base. 11 Indexes on a December 2001=100 base. 12 Indexes on a December 2019=100 base. 13 Indexes on a December 1982=100 base. 14 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base. 2 Relative importance Feb. 2023 Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 Dec. 2022Jan. 2023 Jan. 2023Feb. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 1.537 5.3 -0.7 0.7 0.7 -0.7 0.676 0.442 4.8 5.6 -0.4 -1.6 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.1 -0.4 -1.6 0.183 4.874 2.150 1.180 0.304 0.566 0.026 0.075 0.064 0.011 1.667 1.421 0.246 6.5 3.9 7.1 3.3 3.7 2.3 3.7 6.8 2.5 7.2 6.7 10.5 2.0 1.2 6.8 1.1 -3.9 -0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 -1.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.9 0.4 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.3 1.5 1.2 2.6 0.2 0.0 1.7 -0.2 4.2 -0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.3 0.0 -0.3 1.7 1.1 -3.9 -0.2 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.3 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 -1.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.975 1.439 0.604 0.604 0.835 0.239 0.168 0.142 3.9 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.2 4.9 5.0 6.3 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.2 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.1 0.6 0.6 1.4 1.0 0.2 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.027 0.181 9.7 4.6 2.2 0.4 1.8 0.1 0.7 2.5 0.1 0.9 2.8 -0.3 0.4 1.8 0.1 2.4 3.5 4.0 2.4 Table 3. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, special aggregate indexes, March 2023 [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Special aggregate indexes All items less food.................................. . All items less shelter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less food and shelter.................... . All items less food, shelter, and energy. . . . . . . . . . All items less food, shelter, energy, and used cars and trucks................................... . All items less medical care........................ . All items less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food, energy, and used cars and trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food and beverages. . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less rent of shelter1................... . Services less medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . Durables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables......................................... . Nondurables less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food and beverages. . . . . . . . Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food and apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . Housing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................... . Education and communication2................... . Education2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Communication2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information and information processing2. . . . Information technology, hardware and services3..................................... . Recreation2.......................................... . Video and audio2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pets, pet products and services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photography2..................................... . Food and beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Domestically produced farm food.............. . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel less footwear.............................. . Fuels and utilities................................... . Household energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New and used motor vehicles2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities and public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household furnishings and operations. . . . . . . . . . . Other goods and services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Indexes on a December 1982=100 base. Indexes on a December 1997=100 base. 3 Indexes on a December 1988=100 base. 2 Unadjusted indexes Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Relative importance Feb. 2023 Mar. 2022 Feb. 2023 Mar. 2023 Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 Dec. 2022Jan. 2023 Jan. 2023Feb. 2023 Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 86.493 65.527 52.021 45.025 286.196 267.420 260.018 257.366 297.808 276.174 265.242 266.085 298.906 276.610 265.706 267.003 4.4 3.4 2.2 3.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.3 42.471 92.023 93.005 38.408 258.321 275.372 289.456 219.057 270.667 288.849 305.570 221.731 271.501 289.965 306.869 222.457 5.1 5.3 6.0 1.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 -0.3 18.769 24.901 24.062 61.592 27.491 55.068 12.496 25.912 12.405 11.567 158.413 183.946 180.695 354.058 372.608 336.208 127.471 265.380 239.355 237.431 164.512 179.508 175.907 378.481 395.480 361.699 125.825 271.873 231.189 228.028 165.102 180.326 176.732 379.743 395.158 363.264 126.227 272.775 232.561 229.467 4.2 -2.0 -2.2 7.3 6.1 8.0 -1.0 2.8 -2.8 -3.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 -0.1 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.8 -0.1 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.3 -0.5 -0.6 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.4 -0.6 -2.1 -2.3 8.974 9.813 44.451 5.786 2.247 3.539 3.464 310.037 304.859 293.577 143.475 278.388 75.866 71.568 292.689 290.240 315.431 145.407 287.651 75.786 71.370 294.383 291.794 316.514 145.481 288.260 75.748 71.336 -5.0 -4.3 7.8 1.4 3.5 -0.2 -0.3 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.0 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 -2.8 -2.5 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.797 5.406 1.277 1.216 0.062 14.345 7.274 9.434 2.078 4.678 3.617 7.977 16.759 15.960 7.943 7.824 5.300 2.683 2.187 7.371 129.437 112.236 196.819 79.189 294.064 288.245 384.312 120.430 283.376 238.029 539.739 264.525 264.669 126.417 238.961 141.358 498.538 254.111 7.125 135.519 115.056 213.861 84.664 318.050 312.657 400.518 123.971 309.960 263.358 549.487 259.712 258.339 125.178 257.578 148.826 526.196 267.871 7.147 135.693 116.021 215.341 84.322 318.338 312.069 401.293 125.205 304.032 256.705 547.805 261.969 260.495 126.280 255.430 149.230 528.811 269.047 -3.0 4.8 3.4 9.4 6.5 8.3 8.3 4.4 4.0 7.3 7.8 1.5 -1.0 -1.6 -0.1 6.9 5.6 6.1 5.9 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.7 -0.4 0.1 -0.2 0.2 1.0 -1.9 -2.5 -0.3 0.9 0.8 0.9 -0.8 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 1.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.6 1.8 -0.4 0.4 0.5 -0.5 1.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.9 0.9 1.4 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.7 -1.4 -2.0 -0.5 0.2 0.0 -0.6 -0.3 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.7 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 0.2 0.5 -1.7 -2.3 -0.3 -0.5 -0.7 0.2 -0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 Table 4. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): Selected areas, all items index, March 2023 [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Area Pricing Schedule1 U.S. city average. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M Percent change to Mar. 2023 from: Percent change to Feb. 2023 from: Mar. 2022 Jan. 2023 Feb. 2023 Feb. 2022 Dec. 2022 Jan. 2023 5.0 0.9 0.3 6.0 1.4 0.6 Region and area size2 Northeast..................................................... . Northeast - Size Class A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northeast - Size Class B/C3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New England4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M M M M M 4.3 4.8 3.6 3.6 4.6 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.4 0.0 -0.3 5.9 6.3 5.4 5.1 6.2 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.7 Midwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Midwest - Size Class A.................................. . Midwest - Size Class B/C3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central4...................................... . M M M M M 4.9 4.7 5.0 5.1 4.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.2 5.6 5.4 5.7 5.6 5.4 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South - Size Class A..................................... . South - Size Class B/C3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . South Atlantic4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................... . West South Central4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M M M M M M 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.6 5.2 4.7 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.3 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.5 West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West - Size Class A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West - Size Class B/C3.................................. . Mountain4.................................................. . Pacific4..................................................... . M M M M M 5.1 5.0 5.2 6.0 4.8 1.0 0.7 1.4 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.4 6.0 6.2 5.7 6.7 5.7 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.5 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.4 Size Class A ................................................ . M Size Class B/C3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M 5.0 4.9 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.3 6.1 6.0 1.4 1.3 0.5 0.6 4.4 3.7 4.6 1.2 -0.2 0.3 0.8 0.1 -0.1 5.0 5.1 6.0 1.2 1.6 1.2 0.4 -0.3 0.4 7.2 6.1 7.0 5.2 1.5 1.2 1.9 1.9 6.9 8.5 5.3 8.0 5.9 4.3 2.0 1.2 1.8 1.4 0.8 0.1 Size classes 5 Selected local areas Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M 1 2 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL. . . . . . . . . . . Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD. . . . . . . Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA.................... . Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Louis, MO-IL............................................. . Urban Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minneapolis-St.Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA4.................. . San Diego-Carlsbad, CA. . . . . . . . . . . ........................ . Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Urban Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV6. . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4.7 5.8 5.7 3.4 4.6 5.3 7.7 3.3 3.7 0.2 1.3 1.3 0.4 0.0 1.0 1.1 0.6 1.3 Foods, fuels, and several other items are priced every month in all areas. Most other goods and services are priced as indicated: M - Every month. 1 - January, March, May, July, September, and November. 2 - February, April, June, August, October, and December. Regions defined as the four Census regions. 3 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base. Indexes on a December 2017=100 base. 5 Indexes on a December 1986=100 base. 6 1998 - 2017 indexes based on substantially smaller sample. 7 Indexes on a December 2001=100 base. 8 Indexes on a 1987=100 base. NOTE: Local area indexes are byproducts of the national CPI program. Each local index has a smaller sample size than the national index and is, therefore, subject to substantially more sampling and other measurement error. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national index, although their long-term trends are similar. Therefore, the Bureau of Labor Statistics strongly urges users to consider adopting the national average CPI for use in their escalator clauses. 4 Table 5. Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) and the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, all items index, March 2023 [Percent changes] Month Year December December December December December December December December December December December Unadjusted 12-month percent change C-CPI-U1 CPI-U 1.3 2.9 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.4 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.8 1.5 1.5 3.0 1.7 1.5 0.8 0.7 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.6 4.0 4.9 5.1 5.0 4.8 5.0 5.8 6.4 6.5 6.8 7.3 8.1 7.9 8.1 8.5 8.1 8.1 8.1 7.7 7.2 6.6 6.6 6.2 5.1 1.4 1.7 2.6 4.2 5.0 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4 6.2 6.8 7.0 7.5 7.9 8.5 8.3 8.6 9.1 8.5 8.3 8.2 7.7 7.1 6.5 6.4 6.0 5.0 CPI-U 2010............................ . 2011............................ . 2012............................ . 2013............................ . 2014............................ . 2015............................ . 2016............................ . 2017............................ . 2018............................ . 2019............................ . 2020............................ . January 2021. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 2021. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 2021................................. . April 2021................................... . May 2021. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 2021. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 2021. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 2021................................ . September 2021. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 2021. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 2021............................ . December 2021............................ . January 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 2022................................. . April 2022................................... . May 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 2022................................ . September 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 2022. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 2022............................ . December 2022............................ . January 2023. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 2023. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 2023................................. . 1 Unadjusted 1-month percent change C-CPI-U1 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.9 1.4 0.6 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.4 -0.1 -0.2 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.9 1.3 0.6 1.1 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 -0.1 -0.3 0.8 0.6 0.3 The C-CPI-U is designed to be a closer approximation to a cost-of-living index in that it, in its final form, accounts for any substitution that consumers make across item categories in response to changes in relative prices. Since the expenditure data required for the calculation of the C-CPI-U are available only with a time lag, the C-CPI-U is issued first in preliminary form using the latest available expenditure data at that time and is subject to four revisions. Indexes are issued as initial estimates. Indexes are revised each quarter with the publication of January, April, July, and October data as updated expenditure estimates become available. The C-CPI-U indexes are updated quarterly until they become final. January-March indexes are final in January of the following year; April-June indexes are final in April of the following year; July-September indexes are final in July of the following year; October-December indexes are final in October of the following year. Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023, 1-month analysis table [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] One Month Expenditure category All items................................................................ . Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cereals and bakery products................................ . Cereals and cereal products.............................. . Flour and prepared flour mixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Breakfast cereal4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rice, pasta, cornmeal................................... . Rice4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bakery products4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bread4, 5................................................ . White bread4, 6...................................... . Bread other than white4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh biscuits, rolls, muffins5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies4..................... . Cookies4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh cakes and cupcakes4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other bakery products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh sweetrolls, coffeecakes, doughnuts4, 6. . . . Crackers, bread, and cracker products6. . . . . . . . . Frozen and refrigerated bakery products, pies, tarts, turnovers6.................................. . Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs............................... . Meats, poultry, and fish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Meats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beef and veal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked ground beef4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked beef roasts5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked beef steaks5............................ . Uncooked other beef and veal4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pork..................................................... . Bacon, breakfast sausage, and related products5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bacon and related products6................... . Breakfast sausage and related products5, 6. . . Ham.................................................. . Ham, excluding canned6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pork chops4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... . Other pork including roasts, steaks, and ribs5.. . Other meats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frankfurters6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lunchmeats4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poultry4................................................. . Chicken4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh whole chicken4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh and frozen chicken parts4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . Other uncooked poultry including turkey5. . . . . . . . Fish and seafood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fish and seafood4, 5......................... . Processed fish and seafood5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shelf stable fish and seafood6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen fish and seafood6....................... . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Feb. 2023 100.000 13.507 8.708 1.168 0.364 0.061 0.143 0.159 0.804 0.226 0.119 0.209 0.250 1.830 1.664 1.026 0.436 0.156 0.057 0.180 0.043 0.336 0.142 0.070 0.045 0.079 0.255 0.348 0.278 0.069 0.290 0.142 0.149 Seasonally adjusted percent change Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 0.1 0.0 -0.3 0.6 0.6 0.0 2.4 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.4 1.0 -0.3 -0.7 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.9 1.3 1.3 2.8 -1.4 -0.5 -0.3 -0.3 0.4 -2.3 0.4 -0.4 -1.1 0.3 1.0 -0.9 -4.8 -5.1 -1.4 -1.6 0.9 -2.9 1.3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -0.4 1.0 -1.2 -0.6 -0.4 -1.8 0.8 Seasonally adjusted effect on All Items Feb. 2023Mar. 20231 0.002 -0.027 0.007 0.002 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.006 0.001 -0.001 0.002 0.005 -0.026 -0.008 -0.003 -0.002 0.001 -0.001 0.001 0.000 -0.004 0.000 -0.003 -0.001 -0.001 0.002 -0.001 -0.002 0.001 -0.003 -0.001 -0.001 Standard error, median price change2 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) seasonally adjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 0.04 0.09 0.13 0.28 0.45 0.99 0.86 0.59 0.80 0.37 0.56 0.85 0.78 0.87 0.66 0.89 1.29 0.79 0.99 1.05 S-Dec.2022 S-Nov.2020 S-Sep.2020 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 L-Jun.2022 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 – S-Jan.2023 L-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2021 S-Dec.2022 S-Oct.2022 L-Jan.2023 L-Jul.2021 L-Dec.2022 L-Nov.2022 0.1 0.0 -0.3 1.0 1.3 -0.9 2.5 0.9 1.4 – 0.2 1.3 -0.7 -1.0 0.3 0.3 1.1 2.0 2.6 1.7 1.31 0.27 0.28 0.34 0.54 0.67 1.57 0.83 0.91 0.56 L-Oct.2021 S-Jul.2020 S-Aug.2020 S-Jun.2022 S-Oct.2022 L-Aug.2022 S-Jun.2022 S-Dec.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Sep.2020 3.2 -3.7 -1.2 -0.6 -0.6 0.5 -3.5 0.4 0.9 -1.1 0.80 0.98 1.08 1.28 1.75 1.25 1.18 0.54 1.63 0.57 0.60 0.71 0.98 0.87 1.16 0.62 0.84 0.89 1.31 1.04 L-Sep.2022 L-Apr.2022 S-Oct.2022 S-Mar.2021 S-Mar.2021 S-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 L-Oct.2022 S-Jan.2023 L-Oct.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Jan.2023 S-Oct.2022 S-Jan.2023 L-Nov.2022 S-Apr.2017 S-Dec.2022 S-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 0.3 1.5 -1.8 -7.6 -7.8 -3.5 -2.3 2.0 -3.5 3.4 -0.6 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 2.0 -1.3 -1.0 -0.7 -2.3 -1.0 Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023, 1-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] One Month Expenditure category Eggs4...................................................... . Dairy and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Milk5.......................................................... . Fresh whole milk6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh milk other than whole5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheese and related products4............................ . Ice cream and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other dairy and related products5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fruits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bananas4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Citrus fruits5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oranges, including tangerines6................... . Other fresh fruits5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potatoes................................................ . Lettuce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tomatoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fresh vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fruits and vegetables5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned fruits and vegetables5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned fruits5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned vegetables5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen fruits and vegetables5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen vegetables6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other processed fruits and vegetables including dried5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dried beans, peas, and lentils4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials. . . . . . . . . Juices and nonalcoholic drinks5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carbonated drinks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen noncarbonated juices and drinks4, 5. . . . . . . . . . Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices and drinks5. . . . . . . . . Beverage materials including coffee and tea5. . . . . . . . . . . Coffee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted coffee6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Instant coffee4, 6....................................... . Other beverage materials including tea4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . Other food at home........................................... . Sugar and sweets4......................................... . Sugar and sugar substitutes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Candy and chewing gum4, 5............................ . Other sweets5............................................ . Fats and oils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Butter and margarine5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Butter6.................................................. . Margarine4, 6........................................... . Salad dressing5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fats and oils including peanut butter5. . . . . . . . . . Peanut butter4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other foods............................................... . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Feb. 2023 0.167 0.810 0.200 0.248 0.123 0.239 1.501 1.117 0.597 0.085 0.092 0.174 0.246 0.520 0.089 0.073 0.085 0.272 0.384 0.196 0.112 0.076 1.053 0.738 0.309 0.008 0.421 0.314 0.203 0.112 2.347 0.304 0.041 0.192 0.071 0.261 0.085 0.061 0.115 1.782 Seasonally adjusted percent change Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 Seasonally adjusted effect on All Items Feb. 2023Mar. 20231 -10.9 -0.1 -1.0 -1.3 -0.6 0.0 1.2 -0.8 -1.3 -1.7 -1.7 -0.5 -1.5 -0.3 0.5 -2.7 -1.7 -1.6 -5.7 -2.1 -0.9 -0.3 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.2 -0.3 -0.018 -0.001 -0.002 -1.4 -0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 -0.4 0.3 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -2.4 0.7 0.4 -0.2 -0.4 0.0 -1.3 -0.6 -3.7 -6.0 -1.5 0.7 0.5 -2.3 0.7 0.000 0.001 -0.002 -0.020 -0.019 -0.010 0.000 -0.001 -0.001 -0.006 -0.009 -0.001 -0.004 -0.002 -0.002 -0.001 -0.001 0.000 -0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000 -0.001 0.001 0.010 -0.001 0.000 0.000 -0.001 -0.002 -0.003 0.000 0.001 0.013 Standard error, median price change2 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) seasonally adjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 0.83 0.32 0.47 0.62 0.51 0.53 0.86 0.69 0.38 0.46 0.65 1.14 0.60 1.19 1.53 1.15 0.47 0.97 1.22 1.08 0.65 0.45 0.73 0.82 0.83 0.72 0.99 S-Dec.1987 S-Aug.2021 S-Jan.2021 S-Jan.2021 S-Jan.2021 L-Dec.2022 L-Nov.2022 S-Mar.2021 S-Apr.2019 S-Jan.2017 S-Nov.2019 L-Jan.2023 S-Feb.2021 S-Dec.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2017 S-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 S-Jun.2017 S-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 S-Apr.2022 S-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 S-Dec.2021 S-Jun.2021 S-Jan.2022 -10.9 -0.6 -1.5 -1.6 -1.2 0.5 1.6 -1.4 -1.4 -1.7 -1.7 1.9 -1.9 -0.7 2.8 -3.3 -2.3 -2.9 -8.4 -7.7 -0.2 -0.4 -1.0 -1.3 -1.0 -0.3 -0.4 0.70 0.82 0.40 0.47 0.84 0.97 0.56 0.69 0.93 1.09 1.03 0.76 0.23 0.49 0.62 0.72 0.82 0.60 1.08 1.34 1.88 1.21 0.86 0.92 0.27 S-Dec.2019 L-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2022 S-Jan.2023 L-Dec.2022 S-Aug.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Aug.2022 S-Aug.2022 L-Dec.2022 S-Jul.2021 S-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 S-Nov.2022 S-Apr.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Sep.2020 S-Jul.2019 S-May 2005 S-Feb.2000 S-Nov.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Jan.2023 S-Aug.2021 L-Oct.2022 -1.4 0.8 0.0 -0.1 1.3 -3.1 -0.3 -0.7 -0.7 0.7 -2.5 0.5 0.7 -0.3 -0.5 1.7 -1.8 -0.9 -3.9 -8.5 -2.3 -0.7 -0.6 -2.8 0.7 Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023, 1-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] One Month Expenditure category Relative importance Feb. 2023 Soups................................................... . Frozen and freeze dried prepared foods. . . . . . . . . . . Snacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spices, seasonings, condiments, sauces. . . . . . . . . . . Salt and other seasonings and spices5, 6. . . . . . . . Olives, pickles, relishes4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sauces and gravies5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other condiments6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baby food and formula4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other miscellaneous foods5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepared salads7, 6................................. . Food away from home4......................................... . Full service meals and snacks4, 5........................... . Limited service meals and snacks4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at employee sites and schools4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at elementary and secondary schools4, 8, 6. . . . . . . Food from vending machines and mobile vendors4, 5. . . . Other food away from home4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.106 0.270 0.372 0.361 Energy............................................................... . Energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel oil and other fuels....................................... . Fuel oil4...................................................... . Propane, kerosene, and firewood9....................... . Motor fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline (all types). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded regular6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded midgrade10, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded premium6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other motor fuels4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy services.................................................. . Electricity....................................................... . Utility (piped) gas service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.995 3.578 0.200 0.135 0.065 3.379 3.283 All items less food and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food and energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . Household furnishings and supplies11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Window and floor coverings and other linens5. . . . . . . . . . Floor coverings4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Window coverings4, 5.................................... . Other linens5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture and bedding4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bedroom furniture4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Living room, kitchen, and dining room furniture4, 5. . . Other furniture5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appliances5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major appliances5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laundry equipment4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other appliances4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other household equipment and furnishings5. . . . . . . . . . . Clocks, lamps, and decorator items4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indoor plants and flowers12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dishes and flatware4, 5.................................. . Nonelectric cookware and tableware5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.498 21.323 4.430 0.318 0.086 0.075 0.157 1.173 0.383 0.571 0.212 0.292 0.106 See footnotes at end of table. 0.037 0.635 4.798 2.302 2.232 0.075 0.025 0.165 0.095 3.417 2.568 0.849 0.184 0.585 0.322 0.132 0.043 0.088 Seasonally adjusted percent change Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 Seasonally adjusted effect on All Items Feb. 2023Mar. 20231 0.4 1.6 1.6 -0.3 1.7 1.1 -0.1 -0.5 -0.4 0.4 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.000 0.004 0.006 -0.001 -3.5 -4.6 -2.5 -4.0 -0.5 -4.7 -4.6 -3.3 -5.3 -5.2 -4.9 -2.3 -0.7 -7.1 -0.254 -0.175 -0.005 -0.005 0.000 -0.170 -0.160 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.8 -0.5 0.8 0.4 -0.8 0.6 1.6 0.7 -0.1 2.6 0.7 0.4 0.1 1.8 -2.1 -2.6 0.305 0.039 0.016 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.004 -0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.029 0.017 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.001 -0.005 -0.080 -0.019 -0.061 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.002 -0.001 -0.002 Standard error, median price change2 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) seasonally adjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 1.22 0.56 0.62 0.48 0.91 1.19 0.76 1.27 1.03 0.60 1.16 0.12 0.13 0.15 1.84 0.80 0.50 0.14 L-Jan.2023 L-Jun.2022 L-Jul.2022 S-Aug.2021 L-Mar.2022 L-Oct.2022 S-Aug.2021 S-Nov.2022 S-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 – L-Oct.2022 S-Dec.2022 L-Dec.2022 L-May 2022 S-Nov.2022 L-Dec.2022 1.8 2.7 1.6 -0.3 3.8 1.8 -0.4 -1.1 -0.5 1.3 2.8 – 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.0 0.20 0.17 1.27 1.80 0.66 0.17 0.17 0.73 0.62 0.62 0.35 0.43 0.40 0.69 S-Aug.2022 S-Dec.2022 L-Nov.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Sep.2008 S-Jan.2021 L-Jan.2023 -3.9 -7.2 0.4 -1.2 -2.0 -6.9 -7.0 -7.1 -5.6 -6.0 -8.5 -2.7 -1.0 6.7 0.04 0.07 0.25 1.13 1.09 2.27 1.59 0.50 0.71 0.80 1.00 0.68 1.08 1.29 0.78 0.63 0.99 0.84 1.37 0.80 S-Jan.2023 L-Aug.2022 S-Dec.2022 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-Nov.2022 L-Aug.2022 S-Oct.2022 L-Aug.2022 L-Sep.2022 – L-Dec.2022 L-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 L-Sep.2022 S-Dec.2022 L-Jan.2021 S-Nov.2022 S-Jun.2021 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.0 1.5 5.8 0.9 0.5 -0.9 1.1 4.2 – 0.8 4.1 -0.7 0.9 -2.6 2.1 -3.6 -3.1 Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023, 1-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] One Month Expenditure category Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment and supplies5. . . . Tools, hardware and supplies5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outdoor equipment and supplies5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housekeeping supplies4................................... . Household cleaning products4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household paper products4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous household products4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel......................................................... . Men’s and boys’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . Men’s suits, sport coats, and outerwear. . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and accessories4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s shirts and sweaters5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s pants and shorts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boys’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s and girls’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s outerwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s dresses..................................... . Women’s suits and separates5...................... . Women’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and accessories5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Girls’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s footwear4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boys’ and girls’ footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s footwear....................................... . Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jewelry and watches9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Watches4, 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jewelry9................................................... . Transportation commodities less motor fuel11. . . . . . . . . . . . . New vehicles................................................ . New cars6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New trucks13, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Used cars and trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle parts and equipment4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tires4...................................................... . Vehicle accessories other than tires4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vehicle parts and equipment other than tires4, 6. . . Motor oil, coolant, and fluids4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care commodities4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medicinal drugs4, 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prescription drugs4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonprescription drugs4, 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical equipment and supplies4, 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreation commodities11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video and audio products11............................... . Televisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other video equipment5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Audio equipment4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recorded music and music subscriptions4, 5. . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Seasonally adjusted percent change Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 Seasonally adjusted effect on All Items Feb. 2023Mar. 20231 Standard error, median price change2 1.090 0.273 0.575 0.971 0.326 0.175 0.469 2.592 0.678 0.502 0.068 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.4 -0.2 0.3 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.003 0.002 -0.001 0.007 0.007 0.006 0.001 0.182 0.125 0.117 0.176 1.065 0.886 0.049 0.097 0.402 -0.4 0.5 5.6 0.2 0.4 0.4 4.3 -1.3 -0.4 0.326 0.179 0.514 0.185 0.121 0.208 0.106 0.230 0.038 0.192 7.569 4.288 -0.5 0.4 -0.5 -1.6 2.9 -1.0 -0.3 -0.3 -4.2 1.9 0.0 0.4 0.6 0.3 -0.9 0.1 -0.1 0.6 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.1 1.5 1.2 0.2 -0.2 -1.0 3.4 -0.4 0.9 Relative importance Feb. 2023 2.554 0.483 0.329 0.154 1.453 1.340 0.952 0.388 0.112 2.285 0.282 0.139 0.016 0.057 0.059 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) seasonally adjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 0.52 0.59 0.63 0.37 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.34 0.57 0.64 1.73 S-Jun.2022 S-Jan.2023 S-Oct.2022 – L-Jan.2023 L-Dec.2022 S-Mar.2022 S-Dec.2022 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 0.0 -0.5 0.2 – 1.2 1.4 -0.3 0.2 1.4 1.9 2.5 -0.001 0.001 0.006 0.000 0.004 0.003 0.002 -0.001 -0.002 0.75 1.19 1.37 1.09 0.63 0.64 1.66 1.35 1.02 S-Dec.2022 L-Dec.2022 L-Oct.2013 S-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 L-Sep.2018 S-Dec.2022 S-Jan.2023 -1.4 1.0 10.5 -0.8 0.3 -0.1 10.3 -1.5 -1.0 -0.002 0.001 -0.003 -0.003 0.004 -0.002 0.000 -0.001 -0.002 0.004 -0.003 0.016 0.94 1.48 0.43 0.72 0.98 0.63 1.35 1.24 0.76 1.66 0.03 0.04 0.11 0.07 0.02 0.37 0.47 0.68 0.86 0.65 0.21 0.22 0.16 0.66 0.75 0.23 0.47 0.66 1.02 0.92 0.58 S-Jun.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Oct.2022 S-Dec.2022 L-Apr.2021 S-Oct.2022 S-Oct.2022 S-Oct.2022 S-Feb.2019 L-Dec.2022 L-Aug.2022 L-Dec.2022 L-Dec.2022 L-Dec.2022 L-Aug.2022 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-Oct.2022 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-Aug.2019 L-Dec.2022 S-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-EVER S-Dec.2022 L-Oct.2022 -1.0 -0.2 -0.9 -2.4 4.6 -1.0 -1.9 -1.1 -4.8 2.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 -0.2 0.3 0.0 0.9 1.4 4.4 1.1 1.2 2.1 1.6 2.3 0.1 0.7 0.0 – -2.4 2.0 -0.022 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.009 0.007 0.001 0.006 0.001 0.005 0.000 -0.001 0.001 0.000 0.001 Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023, 1-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] One Month Expenditure category Pets and pet products4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet food4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchase of pets, pet supplies, accessories4, 5, 6. . . . Sporting goods4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sports vehicles including bicycles4. . .................. . Sports equipment4....................................... . Photographic equipment and supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographic equipment5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreational reading materials4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Newspapers and magazines4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreational books4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other recreational goods5................................. . Toys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toys, games, hobbies and playground equipment5, 6........................................ . Sewing machines, fabric and supplies4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . Music instruments and accessories4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and communication commodities11. . . . . . . . . . . . . Educational books and supplies4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . College textbooks4, 14, 6. . ............................... . Information technology commodities11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computers, peripherals, and smart home assistants4, 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer software and accessories4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telephone hardware, calculators, and other consumer information items4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Smartphones4, 6, 15.................................... . Alcoholic beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcoholic beverages at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beer, ale, and other malt beverages at home. . . . . . . . Distilled spirits at home4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Whiskey at home4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distilled spirits, excluding whiskey, at home4, 6. . . . Wine at home4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcoholic beverages away from home4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beer, ale, and other malt beverages away from home4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................... . Wine away from home4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distilled spirits away from home4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other goods11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco and smoking products4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cigarettes4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco products other than cigarettes4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . Personal care products4................................... . Hair, dental, shaving, and miscellaneous personal care products4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cosmetics, perfume, bath, nail preparations and implements4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous personal goods4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stationery, stationery supplies, gift wrap6. . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less energy services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shelter.......................................................... . Rent of shelter16............................................ . Rent of primary residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Feb. 2023 0.669 0.759 0.441 0.309 0.021 0.112 0.060 0.052 0.443 0.357 Seasonally adjusted percent change Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 Seasonally adjusted effect on All Items Feb. 2023Mar. 20231 0.8 1.6 -0.3 -0.6 -0.8 -0.4 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.5 0.1 0.9 0.7 0.005 Standard error, median price change2 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) seasonally adjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 0.40 0.50 0.77 0.48 0.67 0.57 0.84 0.99 1.00 1.45 1.00 0.57 0.65 S-Jan.2023 L-Aug.2022 S-Nov.2022 S-Sep.2022 S-Sep.2022 S-Nov.2022 L-Dec.2022 S-Jan.2023 L-Aug.2022 L-Aug.2022 S-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 0.2 1.7 -0.4 -1.1 -2.6 -0.9 3.1 -1.1 2.1 2.7 -0.9 -0.8 -1.2 -0.003 0.72 1.24 0.45 0.61 0.67 0.95 0.69 L-Jul.2022 L-Dec.2022 S-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 S-Mar.2021 S-Mar.2021 L-Jan.2023 1.5 3.6 0.5 -0.1 -2.3 -2.3 0.0 -0.005 -0.003 -0.001 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.004 0.002 0.815 0.9 2.8 1.8 -0.5 -1.4 -1.2 -0.4 0.372 0.023 0.6 -0.5 0.002 0.000 0.91 1.80 S-Jan.2023 S-Dec.2022 0.3 -0.9 0.419 -0.005 0.227 0.329 -1.3 -2.6 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.9 0.0 -1.0 0.1 0.3 0.000 0.001 0.96 1.18 0.20 0.24 0.39 0.31 0.46 0.37 0.40 0.25 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 S-Oct.2021 S-Jan.2022 S-Oct.2019 L-Jan.2023 S-Oct.2019 S-Dec.2022 L-Jan.2023 -0.3 -1.1 0.4 -0.4 -0.2 -1.3 0.2 -1.0 -0.2 0.6 1.244 0.496 0.411 0.078 0.596 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.0 -0.7 0.8 0.007 0.004 0.004 -0.001 0.005 0.33 0.41 0.34 0.23 0.23 0.25 0.57 0.35 L-Jan.2023 S-Nov.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Dec.2022 S-Jan.2023 L-Aug.2022 S-Oct.2022 L-Aug.2022 0.6 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.7 1.1 -1.1 1.5 0.312 1.3 0.004 0.45 L-Jul.2022 1.3 0.273 0.153 0.4 -1.3 -1.1 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.001 -0.002 0.44 0.90 0.94 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 L-Jan.2023 S-Jul.2022 S-Aug.2020 S-Jul.2022 S-Nov.2022 S-Jul.2022 S-Mar.2022 1.0 -1.8 -3.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.022 0.052 0.912 0.097 0.838 0.509 0.195 0.087 58.175 34.473 34.102 7.533 0.001 0.001 -0.005 -0.001 0.001 -0.001 0.000 -0.001 0.261 0.192 0.201 0.037 Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023, 1-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] One Month Expenditure category Lodging away from home5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housing at school, excluding board16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other lodging away from home including hotels and motels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owners’ equivalent rent of residences16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence16. . . Tenants’ and household insurance4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water and sewer and trash collection services5. . . . . . . . Water and sewerage maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Garbage and trash collection4, 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household operations4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Domestic services4, 5.................................... . Gardening and lawncare services4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Moving, storage, freight expense4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repair of household items4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physicians’ services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dental services........................................ . Eyeglasses and eye care4, 9......................... . Services by other medical professionals4, 9. . . . . . . . Hospital and related services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hospital services4, 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inpatient hospital services4, 17, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outpatient hospital services4, 9, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nursing homes and adult day services17. . . . . . . . . . . Care of invalids and elderly at home4, 8. . . . . . . . . . . . Health insurance4, 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation services.................................... . Leased cars and trucks4, 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Car and truck rental5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . Motor vehicle maintenance and repair4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle body work4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle maintenance and servicing4. . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle repair4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle fees4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State motor vehicle registration and license fees4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parking and other fees4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parking fees and tolls5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airline fares. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . Other intercity transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ship fare4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intracity transportation4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intracity mass transit4, 11, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreation services11...................................... . Video and audio services11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cable, satellite, and live streaming television service13............................................. . Purchase, subscription, and rental of video4, 5. . . . . Video discs and other media4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Seasonally adjusted percent change Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 Seasonally adjusted effect on All Items Feb. 2023Mar. 20231 Standard error, median price change2 1.158 0.161 2.7 0.2 0.032 0.000 0.997 25.411 24.026 0.371 1.062 0.760 0.301 3.1 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.257 0.102 0.111 6.525 3.562 1.819 0.914 0.310 0.519 2.260 1.923 Relative importance Feb. 2023 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) seasonally adjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 1.24 0.05 L-Oct.2022 – 3.5 – 0.032 0.123 0.116 0.000 0.003 0.002 0.001 1.42 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.16 L-Oct.2022 S-Apr.2022 S-Apr.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 4.0 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.000 0.31 L-Jan.2023 0.5 1.5 0.002 0.000 -0.032 0.001 -0.004 0.003 0.000 0.002 -0.005 -0.008 -3.8 0.3 0.001 0.001 -0.029 0.080 0.025 -0.005 0.004 0.88 0.18 0.10 0.15 0.18 0.25 0.36 0.21 0.13 0.15 0.28 0.28 0.16 0.24 0.10 0.21 0.84 1.18 0.40 L-Jul.2022 – L-Dec.2022 L-Dec.2022 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 L-May 2022 S-Nov.2022 S-Apr.2019 S-Jun.2015 L-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Nov.2022 L-Sep.2022 – S-Jul.2022 L-Jan.2023 1.5 – 0.3 0.1 -0.1 0.5 -0.3 0.7 -0.5 -0.4 -0.9 1.4 0.4 1.6 -4.3 1.9 – -6.0 1.3 0.573 0.419 2.554 0.496 0.4 0.2 1.2 -0.3 0.002 0.001 0.031 -0.001 0.51 0.64 0.22 0.22 S-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 S-Nov.2022 0.4 2.7 1.4 -0.4 0.278 0.197 0.1 -0.8 0.4 3.2 4.0 -0.8 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.000 -0.002 0.08 0.47 0.52 0.69 0.95 0.65 0.90 0.60 0.07 0.20 0.21 S-Nov.2022 S-Oct.2022 L-Jan.2023 – S-Jan.2023 S-Nov.2022 S-Jan.2023 L-Dec.2022 – S-Aug.2022 S-Jan.2023 -0.3 -0.8 0.7 – -2.1 -1.2 -0.6 1.8 – 0.0 0.6 1.2 -1.2 -4.0 0.010 -0.001 0.18 0.91 1.97 S-Jan.2023 S-Nov.2021 S-Nov.2022 0.5 -1.8 -4.0 0.189 0.148 0.703 5.812 0.740 0.118 1.106 0.799 0.606 0.048 0.140 3.121 0.996 0.879 0.116 -0.5 0.0 -0.2 0.3 0.1 0.4 -0.2 -0.4 -0.7 0.9 0.4 1.0 -4.2 1.4 0.026 0.025 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.009 Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023, 1-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] One Month Expenditure category Subscription and rental of video and video games4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet services including veterinary5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet services4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Veterinarian services5, 6.............................. . Photographers and photo processing4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other recreation services5.............................. . Club membership for shopping clubs, fraternal, or other organizations, or participant sports fees4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Admissions4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Admission to movies, theaters, and concerts4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Admission to sporting events4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fees for lessons or instructions4, 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and communication services11............... . Tuition, other school fees, and childcare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . College tuition and fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elementary and high school tuition and fees. . . . . . Day care and preschool12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Technical and business school tuition and fees4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Postage and delivery services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Postage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delivery services5..................................... . Telephone services4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wireless telephone services4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential telephone services4, 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internet services and electronic information providers4, 5............................................ . Other personal services4, 11............................... . Personal care services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Haircuts and other personal care services4, 5. . . . . . Miscellaneous personal services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal services4, 9...................................... . Funeral expenses4, 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laundry and dry cleaning services4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel services other than laundry and dry cleaning4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial services4, 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Checking account and other bank services4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax return preparation and other accounting fees4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relative importance Feb. 2023 Seasonally adjusted percent change Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 Seasonally adjusted effect on All Items Feb. 2023Mar. 20231 Standard error, median price change2 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) seasonally adjusted change since:3 Date Percent change S-Dec.2021 S-Dec.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 S-Dec.2021 S-Nov.2021 -0.5 -0.3 1.5 0.5 -1.5 -0.9 0.039 1.537 -0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 -1.0 -0.7 0.000 -0.011 0.49 0.31 0.53 0.41 0.34 0.29 0.676 0.442 -0.4 -1.6 -0.003 -0.007 0.18 0.69 S-May 2021 S-Nov.2021 -0.4 -2.2 0.183 4.874 2.150 1.180 0.304 0.566 1.1 -3.9 -0.2 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.3 1.4 0.000 0.014 0.012 0.002 0.001 0.008 0.54 2.96 0.38 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.19 L-Nov.2022 S-Apr.2022 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-Aug.2018 L-Jan.2023 – L-Sep.2022 1.6 -8.2 1.1 0.5 0.7 0.3 – 1.7 0.026 0.075 0.064 0.011 1.667 1.421 0.246 0.0 0.1 0.3 -1.4 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.007 -0.006 -0.001 0.14 0.06 0.00 0.48 0.06 0.04 0.21 – S-Nov.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Sep.2021 S-Mar.2022 S-Mar.2022 S-Sep.2021 – -0.8 1.2 -1.6 -0.6 -0.7 -0.5 0.975 1.439 0.604 0.604 0.835 0.239 0.168 0.142 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.009 0.007 0.001 0.001 0.006 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.21 0.18 0.34 0.34 0.20 0.18 0.19 0.36 – S-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 S-Dec.2022 S-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 S-Sep.2022 – 0.5 0.2 0.2 -0.4 0.0 0.5 -0.6 0.027 0.181 0.4 1.8 0.000 0.003 0.69 0.59 S-Nov.2022 S-Dec.2022 0.1 -2.9 0.1 0.13 L-Jan.2023 0.1 2.4 0.81 S-Dec.2022 -3.5 0.548 0.003 Special aggregate indexes All items less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less shelter............................................... . All items less food and shelter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less food, shelter, and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less food, shelter, energy, and used cars and trucks.............................................................. . All items less medical care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less energy............................................... . See footnotes at end of table. 86.493 65.527 52.021 45.025 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.3 0.051 -0.139 -0.141 0.113 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.05 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 L-Sep.2022 0.1 -0.2 -0.4 0.5 42.471 92.023 93.005 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.136 0.077 0.307 0.06 0.04 0.04 S-Jan.2023 S-Dec.2022 S-Nov.2022 0.3 0.1 0.3 Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023, 1-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] One Month Expenditure category Commodities........................................................ . Commodities less food, energy, and used cars and trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... . Commodities less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food and beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less rent of shelter16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durables............................................................. . Nondurables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food and beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food and apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housing.............................................................. . Education and communication5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education5........................................................ . Communication5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information and information processing5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information technology, hardware and services18. . . . . . . . . Recreation5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video and audio5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pets, pet products and services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photography5..................................................... . Food and beverages............................................... . Domestically produced farm food4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel less footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuels and utilities................................................... . Household energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New and used motor vehicles5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities and public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household furnishings and operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other goods and services......................................... . Personal care4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Seasonally adjusted percent change Feb. 2023Mar. 2023 Seasonally adjusted effect on All Items Feb. 2023Mar. 20231 Standard error, median price change2 38.408 -0.3 -0.134 18.769 24.901 24.062 61.592 27.491 55.068 12.496 25.912 12.405 11.567 8.974 9.813 44.451 5.786 2.247 3.539 3.464 1.797 5.406 1.277 1.216 0.062 14.345 7.274 9.434 2.078 4.678 3.617 7.977 16.759 15.960 7.943 7.824 5.300 2.683 2.187 0.3 -0.5 -0.6 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.4 -0.6 -2.1 -2.3 -2.8 -2.5 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.7 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 0.2 0.5 -1.7 -2.3 -0.3 -0.5 -0.7 0.2 -0.8 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.061 -0.136 -0.137 0.182 -0.007 0.241 0.047 -0.165 -0.269 -0.272 -0.257 -0.254 0.131 0.009 0.011 -0.002 -0.002 0.006 0.006 0.008 0.008 0.000 0.003 -0.014 0.021 0.009 -0.081 -0.084 -0.024 -0.093 -0.119 0.017 -0.065 0.021 0.013 0.010 Relative importance Feb. 2023 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) seasonally adjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 0.06 S-Dec.2022 -0.7 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.05 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.06 0.10 0.07 0.17 0.17 0.34 0.15 0.20 0.26 0.47 0.09 0.14 0.08 0.41 0.33 0.42 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.20 0.21 0.15 0.17 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Sep.2021 S-Oct.2022 S-Jul.2022 L-Jun.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Aug.2021 L-Jan.2023 L-Aug.2022 – – L-Jan.2023 S-Sep.2022 S-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 S-Jun.2022 S-Jul.2020 S-Nov.2020 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Apr.2014 S-Apr.2014 L-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 L-Sep.2022 S-Apr.2020 S-Jan.2023 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 0.3 -1.3 -1.4 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.5 -0.7 -2.2 -2.3 -3.0 -2.8 0.3 0.4 0.5 – – 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.6 -0.4 -0.4 -0.5 0.2 0.4 -1.7 -2.3 0.3 -1.6 -1.7 0.4 -1.4 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 The ’effect’ of an item category is a measure of that item’s contribution to the All items price change. For example, if the Food index had an effect of 0.40, and the All items index rose 1.2 percent, then the increase in food prices contributed 0.40 / 1.2, or 33.3 percent, to that All items increase. Said another way, had food prices been unchanged for that month the change in the All items index would have been 1.2 percent minus 0.40, or 0.8 percent. Effects can be negative as well. For example, if the effect of food was a negative 0.1, and the All items index rose 0.5 percent, the All items index actually would have been 0.1 percent higher (or 0.6 percent) had food prices been unchanged. Since food prices fell while prices overall were rising, the contribution of food to the All items price change was negative (in this case, -0.1 / 0.5, or minus 20 percent). 2 A statistic’s margin of error is often expressed as its point estimate plus or minus two standard errors. For example, if a CPI category rose 0.6 percent, and its standard error was 0.15 percent, the margin of error on this item’s 1-month percent change would be 0.6 percent, plus or minus 0.3 percent. 3 If the current seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change is greater than the previous published 1-month percent change, then this column identifies the closest prior month with a 1-month percent change as (L)arge as or (L)arger than the current 1-month change. If the current 1-month percent change is smaller than the previous published 1-month percent change, the most recent month with a change as (S)mall or (S)maller than the current month change is identified. If the current and previous published 1-month percent changes are equal, a dash will appear. Standard numerical comparisons are used. For example, 0.8% is greater than 0.6%, -0.4% is less than -0.2%, and -0.2% is less than 0.0%. Note that a (L)arger change can be a smaller decline, for example, a -0.2% change is larger than a -0.4% change, but still represents a decline in the price index. Likewise, (S)maller changes can be increases, for example, a 0.6% change is smaller than 0.8%, but still represents an increase in the price index. In this context, a -0.2% change is considered to be smaller than a 0.0% change. 4 Not seasonally adjusted. 5 Indexes on a December 1997=100 base. 6 Special indexes based on a substantially smaller sample. These series do not contribute to the all items index aggregation and therefore do not have a relative importance or effect. Indexes on a December 2007=100 base. 8 Indexes on a December 2005=100 base. 9 Indexes on a December 1986=100 base. 10 Indexes on a December 1993=100 base. 11 Indexes on a December 2009=100 base. 12 Indexes on a December 1990=100 base. 13 Indexes on a December 1983=100 base. 14 Indexes on a December 2001=100 base. 15 Indexes on a December 2019=100 base. 16 Indexes on a December 1982=100 base. 17 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base. 18 Indexes on a December 1988=100 base. 7 Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023, 12-month analysis table [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Twelve Month Expenditure category All items................................................................ . Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cereals and bakery products................................ . Cereals and cereal products.............................. . Flour and prepared flour mixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Breakfast cereal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rice, pasta, cornmeal................................... . Rice4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bakery products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bread4.................................................. . White bread5........................................ . Bread other than white5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh biscuits, rolls, muffins4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies...................... . Cookies5............................................. . Fresh cakes and cupcakes5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other bakery products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh sweetrolls, coffeecakes, doughnuts5. . . . . . Crackers, bread, and cracker products5. . . . . . . . . Frozen and refrigerated bakery products, pies, tarts, turnovers5.................................. . Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs............................... . Meats, poultry, and fish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Meats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beef and veal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked ground beef. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked beef roasts4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked beef steaks4............................ . Uncooked other beef and veal4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pork..................................................... . Bacon, breakfast sausage, and related products4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bacon and related products5................... . Breakfast sausage and related products4, 5. . . Ham.................................................. . Ham, excluding canned5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pork chops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other pork including roasts, steaks, and ribs4.. . Other meats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frankfurters5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lunchmeats4, 5...................................... . Poultry.................................................. . Chicken4............................................. . Fresh whole chicken5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh and frozen chicken parts5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other uncooked poultry including turkey4. . . . . . . . Fish and seafood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fish and seafood4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fish and seafood4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shelf stable fish and seafood5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen fish and seafood5....................... . Eggs....................................................... . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Feb. 2023 Unadjusted percent change Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 100.000 13.507 8.708 1.168 0.364 0.061 0.143 0.159 5.0 8.5 8.4 13.6 12.8 17.5 12.5 11.2 9.5 13.9 15.2 16.5 13.8 10.3 15.5 16.6 13.0 13.3 8.3 13.6 0.804 0.226 0.119 0.209 0.250 1.830 1.664 1.026 0.436 0.156 0.057 0.180 0.043 0.336 0.142 0.070 0.045 0.079 0.255 0.348 0.278 0.069 0.290 0.142 0.149 0.167 16.2 4.3 2.4 0.7 -1.9 -1.4 -4.4 -0.7 -5.0 -0.6 -0.7 -5.5 8.1 4.2 4.2 -1.0 -4.4 8.8 5.8 10.5 7.5 6.5 8.9 5.7 11.6 2.6 2.0 3.4 3.5 3.7 36.0 Unadjusted effect on All Items Mar. 2022Mar. 20231 1.131 0.691 0.143 0.043 0.010 0.018 0.016 0.100 0.030 0.011 0.028 0.031 0.082 0.042 0.008 -0.011 -0.003 -0.004 -0.002 -0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0.003 0.000 -0.004 0.021 0.026 0.018 0.008 0.007 0.003 0.005 0.040 Standard error, median price change2 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) unadjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 0.12 0.19 0.26 0.54 0.87 2.29 1.37 1.09 1.25 0.69 1.07 1.29 1.48 1.60 1.33 1.61 2.40 1.36 2.06 1.86 S-May 2021 S-Feb.2022 S-Jan.2022 S-May 2022 S-May 2022 S-May 2022 – S-Apr.2022 S-Apr.2022 S-Jun.2022 S-Jan.2023 L-Dec.2022 S-Jan.2023 S-May 2022 S-Aug.2022 – S-Aug.2022 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 S-Feb.2022 5.0 7.9 7.4 11.6 12.8 13.7 – 10.7 9.2 13.2 14.9 17.7 13.6 9.7 14.4 – 12.9 15.1 10.2 12.7 1.78 0.47 0.49 0.54 0.84 1.09 2.36 1.39 1.90 1.08 L-Jan.2023 S-Jun.2021 S-Jun.2021 S-Jun.2021 S-Dec.2022 S-Jun.2021 S-Nov.2022 L-Jun.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Mar.2019 18.3 0.7 0.6 -0.5 -3.1 -8.4 -8.1 -0.3 -6.7 -0.6 1.30 1.78 1.96 2.56 2.65 1.97 2.44 1.03 3.05 1.25 1.28 1.34 2.82 1.75 2.65 1.00 1.48 1.31 1.98 1.78 2.30 S-Apr.2019 L-Jan.2023 S-Nov.2022 S-Aug.2021 S-Jul.2021 S-Jun.2021 S-Nov.2022 S-Jan.2022 S-Jul.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Oct.2021 S-Jul.2021 S-Jan.2022 S-Jun.2021 S-Apr.2022 S-May 2021 S-Apr.2021 S-Sep.2021 S-Feb.2022 S-Aug.2021 S-Sep.2022 -0.9 -3.9 7.7 4.1 2.8 -2.9 -5.1 8.2 5.3 11.9 7.5 5.2 7.6 0.8 10.7 1.9 0.4 3.4 2.8 3.4 30.5 Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023, 12-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Twelve Month Expenditure category Dairy and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Milk4.......................................................... . Fresh whole milk5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh milk other than whole4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheese and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ice cream and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other dairy and related products4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fruits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bananas................................................ . Citrus fruits4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oranges, including tangerines5................... . Other fresh fruits4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potatoes................................................ . Lettuce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tomatoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fresh vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fruits and vegetables4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned fruits and vegetables4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned fruits4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned vegetables4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen fruits and vegetables4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen vegetables5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other processed fruits and vegetables including dried4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dried beans, peas, and lentils4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials. . . . . . . . . Juices and nonalcoholic drinks4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carbonated drinks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen noncarbonated juices and drinks4. . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices and drinks4. . . . . . . . . Beverage materials including coffee and tea4. . . . . . . . . . . Coffee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted coffee5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Instant coffee5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other beverage materials including tea4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other food at home........................................... . Sugar and sweets.......................................... . Sugar and sugar substitutes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Candy and chewing gum4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other sweets4............................................ . Fats and oils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Butter and margarine4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Butter5.................................................. . Margarine5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salad dressing4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fats and oils including peanut butter4. . . . . . . . . . Peanut butter4, 5....................................... . Other foods............................................... . Soups................................................... . Frozen and freeze dried prepared foods. . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Feb. 2023 Unadjusted percent change Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 Unadjusted effect on All Items Mar. 2022Mar. 20231 Standard error, median price change2 0.810 0.200 10.7 5.5 4.3 6.5 8.2 15.3 16.0 2.5 -0.2 -1.5 5.2 1.9 -3.7 -3.1 -3.6 1.4 9.7 1.2 0.3 0.0 11.1 10.2 11.6 9.3 15.1 20.1 0.081 0.011 0.248 0.123 0.239 1.501 1.117 0.597 0.085 0.092 0.174 0.246 0.520 0.089 0.073 0.085 0.272 0.384 0.196 0.112 0.076 1.053 0.738 0.309 0.008 0.421 0.314 0.203 0.112 2.347 0.304 0.041 0.192 0.071 0.261 0.085 0.061 0.115 1.782 0.106 0.270 7.9 1.3 11.3 11.7 11.5 11.1 11.9 10.4 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.5 11.1 10.0 12.7 9.6 9.3 15.9 17.3 8.7 33.4 16.4 14.9 3.2 10.5 11.2 9.5 0.021 0.017 0.032 0.034 -0.003 -0.009 0.004 0.002 -0.006 -0.009 0.006 0.008 -0.002 0.000 0.000 0.038 0.017 0.015 0.005 0.108 0.079 0.032 0.001 0.046 0.029 0.019 0.011 0.243 0.028 0.005 0.017 0.006 0.038 0.013 0.009 0.016 0.177 0.011 0.026 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) unadjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 0.63 1.05 1.33 1.24 0.90 1.67 1.16 0.64 0.78 1.09 1.97 1.38 2.19 2.24 1.87 0.87 1.49 1.85 2.00 1.11 0.74 1.14 1.47 1.60 1.47 2.04 S-Apr.2022 S-Dec.2021 S-Sep.2021 S-Jan.2022 S-Apr.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Jun.2022 S-Aug.2021 S-Apr.2020 S-Apr.2020 S-Oct.2022 S-Sep.2021 S-Mar.2020 S-Mar.2020 S-Jan.2020 S-Aug.2021 S-Jun.2022 S-Oct.2021 S-Sep.2022 S-Jul.2021 S-May 2022 S-Feb.2022 S-Jun.2022 S-Feb.2022 S-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 9.1 4.2 3.2 6.5 6.5 16.3 15.9 2.3 -0.5 -1.7 4.8 1.9 -9.5 -10.8 -4.8 0.9 9.0 -0.6 -1.0 -1.0 10.2 7.7 11.6 7.9 12.8 18.6 1.53 2.63 0.62 0.88 1.51 1.75 1.14 1.07 1.50 1.67 2.12 1.52 0.42 1.29 1.15 1.67 2.14 1.33 1.78 2.76 2.94 1.80 2.15 2.67 0.49 2.49 1.18 S-May 2022 S-Aug.2021 S-Apr.2022 S-Jun.2022 S-Jun.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Mar.2022 S-Jan.2022 S-Jan.2022 S-Apr.2022 S-Oct.2022 S-Apr.2022 S-Jun.2022 S-Jun.2022 S-Jul.2022 S-Feb.2022 S-Apr.2022 S-Mar.2022 S-Feb.2022 S-Jul.2022 S-Sep.2022 S-Jan.2023 S-Aug.2021 S-Mar.2022 S-Mar.2022 S-Dec.2021 7.3 -1.4 9.8 11.6 11.0 8.7 11.6 8.9 8.6 9.3 7.8 9.1 11.0 9.4 11.4 9.4 7.5 15.3 14.0 5.5 32.3 15.2 14.8 0.4 10.0 10.3 5.6 Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023, 12-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Twelve Month Expenditure category Snacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spices, seasonings, condiments, sauces. . . . . . . . . . . Salt and other seasonings and spices4, 5. . . . . . . . Olives, pickles, relishes4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sauces and gravies4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other condiments5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baby food and formula4.............................. . Other miscellaneous foods4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepared salads6, 5................................. . Food away from home.......................................... . Full service meals and snacks4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limited service meals and snacks4......................... . Food at employee sites and schools4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at elementary and secondary schools7, 5. . . . . . . . . Food from vending machines and mobile vendors4. . . . . . . Other food away from home4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relative importance Feb. 2023 Unadjusted percent change Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 Unadjusted effect on All Items Mar. 2022Mar. 20231 Standard error, median price change2 0.372 0.361 9.5 10.5 7.0 13.1 13.7 13.7 7.6 11.8 11.5 8.8 8.0 7.9 131.3 296.3 16.2 6.3 0.035 0.035 0.037 0.635 4.798 2.302 2.232 0.075 0.025 0.165 Energy............................................................... . Energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel oil and other fuels....................................... . Fuel oil....................................................... . Propane, kerosene, and firewood8....................... . Motor fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline (all types). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded regular5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded midgrade9, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded premium5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other motor fuels4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy services.................................................. . Electricity....................................................... . Utility (piped) gas service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.995 3.578 0.200 0.135 0.065 3.379 3.283 All items less food and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food and energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . Household furnishings and supplies10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Window and floor coverings and other linens4. . . . . . . . . . Floor coverings4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Window coverings4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other linens4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture and bedding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bedroom furniture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Living room, kitchen, and dining room furniture4. . . . . Other furniture4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appliances4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major appliances4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laundry equipment5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other appliances4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other household equipment and furnishings4. . . . . . . . . . . Clocks, lamps, and decorator items................... . Indoor plants and flowers11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dishes and flatware4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonelectric cookware and tableware4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment and supplies4. . . . Tools, hardware and supplies4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outdoor equipment and supplies4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.498 21.323 4.430 0.318 0.086 0.075 0.157 1.173 0.383 0.571 0.212 0.292 0.106 See footnotes at end of table. 0.095 3.417 2.568 0.849 0.184 0.585 0.322 0.132 0.043 0.088 1.090 0.273 0.575 0.003 0.067 0.440 0.188 0.190 0.046 0.005 0.011 -6.4 -17.0 -10.8 -14.2 -2.8 -17.3 -17.4 -18.0 -15.3 -13.2 -9.9 9.2 10.2 5.5 -0.540 -0.853 -0.025 -0.023 -0.002 -0.828 -0.817 5.6 1.5 5.8 4.8 11.0 3.6 2.9 2.1 0.3 3.3 1.8 1.1 -7.9 -3.1 6.4 -1.0 -3.0 4.5 1.4 -1.4 11.3 11.0 12.1 4.394 0.338 0.241 0.015 0.008 0.002 0.005 0.021 0.001 0.015 0.005 0.005 -0.007 -0.010 0.312 0.254 0.058 0.012 -0.005 -0.011 0.006 0.000 -0.001 0.110 0.027 0.060 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) unadjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 1.08 0.88 1.57 1.92 1.85 2.25 1.74 0.87 1.97 0.41 0.46 0.44 8.16 67.80 1.67 0.74 L-Jan.2023 S-May 2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Jun.2022 S-Nov.2022 S-Jan.2023 S-Nov.2021 S-Apr.2022 L-Jan.2023 L-Aug.1981 – L-Feb.2022 S-Jan.2023 S-Nov.2022 L-EVER L-Aug.2022 10.3 10.1 6.5 12.6 13.7 13.6 6.7 10.9 12.9 9.0 – 8.0 130.3 254.1 – 6.5 0.49 0.51 1.65 2.30 1.75 0.54 0.55 0.88 0.96 0.95 0.77 0.83 1.16 1.15 S-Dec.2020 S-Nov.2020 S-Dec.2020 S-Jan.2021 S-Jun.2020 S-Nov.2020 S-Nov.2020 S-Nov.2020 S-Nov.2020 S-Nov.2020 S-Jan.2021 S-Sep.2021 S-Feb.2022 S-Jan.2021 -7.0 -19.3 -13.3 -16.5 -2.8 -19.4 -19.3 -19.8 -16.8 -16.4 -13.2 8.5 9.0 4.3 0.13 0.22 0.58 2.38 3.67 4.81 3.57 1.48 1.94 2.32 2.83 1.60 3.05 2.53 1.96 1.93 3.33 1.84 3.50 2.19 1.32 1.71 1.65 L-Jan.2023 L-Dec.2022 S-Sep.2021 S-Dec.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Dec.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Feb.2021 S-Feb.2021 L-Jan.2023 L-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Jun.2014 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2022 S-Oct.2020 S-Mar.2020 L-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2022 S-Jan.2021 S-Jan.2023 S-Aug.2022 S-Jan.2023 5.6 2.1 4.8 4.8 13.2 3.2 4.0 0.6 -3.0 3.6 3.7 1.1 -7.9 1.0 7.7 -1.2 -4.8 5.0 1.2 -2.5 9.6 9.6 8.6 Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023, 12-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Twelve Month Expenditure category Housekeeping supplies.................................... . Household cleaning products4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household paper products4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous household products4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel......................................................... . Men’s and boys’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . Men’s suits, sport coats, and outerwear. . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s shirts and sweaters4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s pants and shorts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boys’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s and girls’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s outerwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s dresses..................................... . Women’s suits and separates4...................... . Women’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and accessories4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Girls’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s footwear........................................... . Boys’ and girls’ footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s footwear....................................... . Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jewelry and watches8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Watches8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jewelry8................................................... . Transportation commodities less motor fuel10. . . . . . . . . . . . . New vehicles................................................ . New cars5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New trucks12, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Used cars and trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle parts and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tires....................................................... . Vehicle accessories other than tires4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vehicle parts and equipment other than tires5. . . . . Motor oil, coolant, and fluids5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medicinal drugs10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prescription drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonprescription drugs10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical equipment and supplies10. . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . Recreation commodities10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video and audio products10............................... . Televisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other video equipment4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Audio equipment......................................... . Recorded music and music subscriptions4. . . . . . . . . . . . Pets and pet products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet food4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchase of pets, pet supplies, accessories4, 5. . . . . . Sporting goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Feb. 2023 Unadjusted percent change Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 Unadjusted effect on All Items Mar. 2022Mar. 20231 Standard error, median price change2 0.971 0.326 0.175 0.469 2.592 0.678 0.502 0.068 10.3 7.6 10.9 12.2 3.3 2.9 2.7 4.3 0.095 0.025 0.023 0.047 0.090 0.022 0.015 0.003 0.182 0.125 0.117 0.176 1.065 0.886 0.049 0.097 0.402 3.2 1.3 2.8 3.4 4.1 3.7 4.4 1.5 2.9 0.326 0.179 0.514 0.185 0.121 0.208 0.106 0.230 0.038 0.192 7.569 4.288 5.8 5.7 0.3 -2.3 2.2 1.7 4.0 7.3 0.4 8.6 -1.8 6.1 6.6 6.2 -11.2 6.4 4.3 10.3 8.6 14.2 3.6 3.2 2.7 4.7 9.3 3.2 -5.5 -14.0 -3.5 4.9 3.3 10.3 14.4 4.4 1.1 2.554 0.483 0.329 0.154 1.453 1.340 0.952 0.388 0.112 2.285 0.282 0.139 0.016 0.057 0.059 0.669 0.759 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) unadjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 0.80 1.17 1.35 1.41 0.80 1.45 1.65 4.48 S-May 2022 S-Feb.2022 L-Jan.2023 L-Oct.2022 – L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 9.2 5.8 12.9 12.2 – 3.1 4.5 7.4 0.006 0.002 0.003 0.007 0.047 0.037 0.002 0.003 0.012 1.84 3.58 2.80 2.56 1.46 1.64 3.41 3.22 2.03 S-Dec.2022 L-Dec.2022 L-Jan.2023 L-Sep.2022 S-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 L-Aug.2022 S-Jan.2023 S-Feb.2022 1.6 2.7 5.5 3.6 3.7 3.5 6.9 -4.2 2.5 0.019 0.011 -0.001 -0.005 0.003 0.001 0.004 0.017 0.000 0.017 -0.155 0.248 3.55 3.35 1.11 1.63 2.71 1.66 3.96 2.61 4.24 3.21 0.30 0.63 1.00 0.94 0.12 1.28 1.35 2.38 2.81 2.06 0.62 0.64 0.64 1.49 1.66 0.62 1.07 1.13 2.94 2.97 1.26 1.06 1.44 1.87 1.29 L-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 S-Mar.2021 S-Nov.2020 L-Dec.2022 S-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 S-Jun.2022 S-Jan.2023 L-Dec.2022 L-Nov.2022 L-Nov.2022 L-Nov.2022 L-Dec.2022 L-Jan.2023 – L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-Dec.2022 L-Sep.2022 L-Jan.2023 L-Sep.2022 L-Jan.2023 L-EVER L-Jan.2023 L-May 2022 L-Jan.2023 L-Feb.2022 L-EVER L-Sep.2020 S-Jul.2022 S-Sep.2022 S-Dec.2021 – 7.0 4.8 -0.2 -2.4 2.9 0.1 5.1 4.9 -1.1 5.3 -0.9 7.2 7.8 7.1 -8.8 8.3 – 12.1 10.6 19.1 3.7 3.2 2.7 4.8 – 3.3 -5.2 -13.2 -2.7 – 3.4 8.9 14.0 3.4 – -0.432 0.027 0.011 0.016 0.053 0.044 0.026 0.018 0.009 0.065 -0.016 -0.020 -0.001 0.003 0.002 0.059 0.006 Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023, 12-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Twelve Month Expenditure category Sports vehicles including bicycles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sports equipment........................................ . Photographic equipment and supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographic equipment4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreational reading materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Newspapers and magazines4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreational books4..................................... . Other recreational goods4................................. . Toys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toys, games, hobbies and playground equipment4, 5........................................ . Sewing machines, fabric and supplies4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Music instruments and accessories4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and communication commodities10. . . . . . . . . . . . . Educational books and supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . College textbooks13, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information technology commodities10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computers, peripherals, and smart home assistants6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer software and accessories4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telephone hardware, calculators, and other consumer information items4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Smartphones5, 14...................................... . Alcoholic beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcoholic beverages at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beer, ale, and other malt beverages at home. . . . . . . . Distilled spirits at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Whiskey at home5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distilled spirits, excluding whiskey, at home5. . . . . . Wine at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcoholic beverages away from home................... . Beer, ale, and other malt beverages away from home4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wine away from home4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distilled spirits away from home4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other goods10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco and smoking products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cigarettes4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco products other than cigarettes4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal care products.................................... . Hair, dental, shaving, and miscellaneous personal care products4......................................... . Cosmetics, perfume, bath, nail preparations and implements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous personal goods4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stationery, stationery supplies, gift wrap5. . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less energy services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shelter.......................................................... . Rent of shelter15............................................ . Rent of primary residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging away from home4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housing at school, excluding board15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other lodging away from home including hotels and motels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owners’ equivalent rent of residences15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Feb. 2023 Unadjusted percent change Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 Unadjusted effect on All Items Mar. 2022Mar. 20231 Standard error, median price change2 0.441 0.309 0.021 2.1 -0.1 6.3 5.1 3.8 6.2 0.6 2.4 2.0 0.008 -0.001 0.001 0.112 0.060 0.052 0.443 0.357 0.004 0.004 0.000 0.011 0.008 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) unadjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 2.06 1.60 3.12 4.24 1.71 2.69 2.26 1.45 1.66 L-Dec.2022 S-Oct.2020 L-Aug.2022 L-Dec.2022 L-Dec.2022 L-Dec.2022 L-Dec.2022 L-Oct.2022 L-Oct.2022 2.9 -0.4 6.3 5.1 4.4 6.5 1.5 3.7 3.1 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 L-Dec.2022 L-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2021 S-Feb.2022 L-Nov.2022 1.5 8.7 5.5 -10.1 -0.4 0.7 -11.5 0.815 1.5 1.8 5.5 -10.2 0.7 1.4 -11.5 -0.086 2.97 3.77 1.91 1.55 2.75 2.11 1.94 0.372 0.023 -5.8 -1.0 -0.020 0.000 3.10 3.17 S-Jan.2023 L-Oct.2022 -6.2 -0.9 0.419 -0.067 0.227 0.329 -17.1 -23.9 4.5 3.9 6.1 2.1 1.0 2.5 2.7 5.8 0.007 0.017 2.23 3.27 0.56 0.65 0.85 0.64 1.47 1.03 1.04 1.01 L-Sep.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Sep.2022 S-Oct.2022 S-Oct.2022 S-Dec.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 S-Sep.2022 S-Sep.2022 -16.6 -23.9 4.1 3.8 6.0 1.7 1.3 2.4 2.7 5.8 1.244 0.496 0.411 0.078 0.596 5.5 6.9 5.1 6.9 6.9 7.4 3.8 6.5 0.090 0.035 0.032 0.003 0.041 1.15 1.11 1.24 0.49 0.73 0.72 1.50 0.66 L-Jan.2023 S-Sep.2022 S-Sep.2022 S-Jul.2022 L-Sep.2022 L-Sep.2022 S-Jan.2023 S-Sep.2022 5.8 6.9 4.6 6.7 8.2 8.4 3.6 6.5 0.312 8.7 0.028 0.81 L-Dec.2022 9.9 0.273 0.153 0.012 0.014 58.175 34.473 34.102 7.533 1.158 0.161 4.2 8.3 10.4 7.1 8.2 8.3 8.8 7.3 3.0 4.057 2.681 2.677 0.641 0.104 0.004 0.99 2.04 3.36 0.16 0.23 0.24 0.21 2.31 0.31 S-Aug.2022 S-Aug.2022 S-Sep.2022 S-Dec.2022 L-Jun.1982 L-EVER – L-Jan.2023 – 4.2 8.3 10.4 7.0 9.0 – – 7.7 – 0.997 25.411 8.1 8.0 0.101 1.931 2.63 0.24 L-Jan.2023 – 8.5 – 0.022 0.052 0.912 0.097 0.838 0.509 0.195 0.087 0.001 0.003 -0.086 0.000 0.039 0.022 0.013 0.002 Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023, 12-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Twelve Month Expenditure category Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence15. . . Tenants’ and household insurance4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water and sewer and trash collection services4. . . . . . . . Water and sewerage maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Garbage and trash collection12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household operations4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Domestic services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gardening and lawncare services4.................... . Moving, storage, freight expense4..................... . Repair of household items4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physicians’ services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dental services........................................ . Eyeglasses and eye care8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services by other medical professionals8. . . . . . . . . . Hospital and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hospital services16.................................... . Inpatient hospital services16, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outpatient hospital services8, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nursing homes and adult day services16. . . . . . . . . . . Care of invalids and elderly at home7.............. . Health insurance7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation services.................................... . Leased cars and trucks13............................... . Car and truck rental4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . Motor vehicle maintenance and repair................ . Motor vehicle body work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle maintenance and servicing. . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle repair4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle fees4...................................... . State motor vehicle registration and license fees4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parking and other fees4.............................. . Parking fees and tolls4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airline fares. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . Other intercity transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ship fare4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intracity transportation................................ . Intracity mass transit10, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreation services10...................................... . Video and audio services10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cable, satellite, and live streaming television service12............................................. . Purchase, subscription, and rental of video4. . . . . . . Video discs and other media4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subscription and rental of video and video games4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet services including veterinary4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet services4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Veterinarian services4, 5.............................. . Photographers and photo processing4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Feb. 2023 Unadjusted percent change Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 Unadjusted effect on All Items Mar. 2022Mar. 20231 Standard error, median price change2 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) unadjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 24.026 0.371 1.062 0.760 0.301 8.1 0.9 5.4 4.9 6.7 1.834 0.003 0.058 0.038 0.020 0.24 0.68 0.37 0.44 0.80 L-EVER L-Jan.2023 L-Feb.2013 L-May 2016 S-Dec.2022 – 0.9 5.4 4.9 6.1 0.257 1.2 0.003 1.50 S-Mar.2020 1.0 0.102 0.111 6.525 3.562 1.819 0.914 0.310 0.519 2.260 1.923 0.8 0.001 0.007 0.073 0.076 0.009 0.061 0.005 0.000 0.080 0.059 -8.9 13.3 0.012 0.010 -0.084 0.777 0.183 -0.013 0.136 3.46 0.96 0.39 0.52 0.85 1.14 0.94 2.53 0.49 0.52 1.01 0.87 0.63 1.24 0.40 0.68 2.86 2.36 0.90 L-Jan.2023 – S-Sep.2021 S-Jul.2022 S-Feb.2022 L-May 1992 L-Dec.2022 L-Dec.2022 S-Nov.2022 S-Jun.2021 S-Jul.2021 L-Dec.2022 – S-Dec.2022 S-EVER S-Aug.2022 – S-Jul.2022 L-Jan.2023 1.6 – 0.9 2.2 0.5 6.9 1.7 2.1 3.2 2.4 2.3 4.7 – 6.1 – 11.3 – -11.9 14.2 0.573 0.419 2.554 0.496 10.8 17.4 15.0 2.9 0.060 0.065 0.357 0.014 1.22 1.70 1.06 0.71 L-Jul.1979 S-Nov.2022 L-May 2021 S-Jan.2023 11.0 15.0 16.9 2.7 0.278 0.197 3.5 1.9 2.4 12.4 17.7 1.5 -2.7 -0.3 0.2 5.9 5.8 0.010 0.004 0.62 1.03 1.37 1.43 2.20 1.61 2.38 1.93 0.54 0.48 0.65 – S-Dec.2022 L-Oct.2022 S-Feb.2022 S-Feb.2022 S-Sep.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Mar.2021 – S-Jan.2023 L-Oct.2017 – 0.7 2.7 8.3 12.7 1.0 -1.9 -1.2 – 5.8 5.8 0.60 4.14 5.83 L-Oct.2017 S-Nov.2022 S-Jul.2022 6.2 6.4 6.4 1.58 0.97 1.28 1.62 2.07 S-Oct.2022 S-Jun.2022 L-Jan.2023 S-Jun.2022 S-Dec.2022 5.7 7.9 8.4 7.5 5.8 0.189 0.148 0.703 5.812 0.740 0.118 1.106 0.799 0.606 0.048 0.140 3.121 0.996 0.879 0.116 0.548 0.039 1.0 2.2 0.5 6.8 1.5 -0.2 3.2 2.7 2.3 4.1 6.2 6.2 -10.7 13.9 5.9 6.7 7.0 6.2 8.6 8.0 7.7 6.5 0.099 0.097 0.002 0.000 0.186 0.061 0.054 0.006 0.045 0.002 Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023, 12-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Twelve Month Expenditure category Other recreation services4.............................. . Club membership for shopping clubs, fraternal, or other organizations, or participant sports fees4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Admissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Admission to movies, theaters, and concerts4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Admission to sporting events4, 5.................. . Fees for lessons or instructions8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and communication services10............... . Tuition, other school fees, and childcare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . College tuition and fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elementary and high school tuition and fees. . . . . . Day care and preschool11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Technical and business school tuition and fees4.. . Postage and delivery services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Postage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delivery services4..................................... . Telephone services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wireless telephone services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential telephone services10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internet services and electronic information providers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other personal services10. . . . . . . . . ........................ . Personal care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Haircuts and other personal care services4. . . . . . . . Miscellaneous personal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal services8........................................ . Funeral expenses8.................................... . Laundry and dry cleaning services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel services other than laundry and dry cleaning4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial services8.................................... . Checking account and other bank services4, 5.. . Tax return preparation and other accounting fees4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relative importance Feb. 2023 Unadjusted percent change Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 Unadjusted effect on All Items Mar. 2022Mar. 20231 Standard error, median price change2 1.537 5.3 0.078 0.676 0.442 4.8 5.6 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) unadjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 0.79 S-Nov.2022 4.4 0.031 0.025 0.64 1.82 S-Sep.2022 S-Nov.2022 4.1 3.7 0.183 4.874 2.150 1.180 0.304 0.566 0.026 0.075 0.064 0.011 1.667 1.421 0.246 6.5 3.9 7.1 3.3 3.7 2.3 3.7 6.8 2.5 7.2 6.7 10.5 2.0 1.2 6.8 0.012 0.172 0.091 0.033 0.012 0.041 0.001 0.006 0.005 0.001 0.038 0.019 0.019 1.37 7.63 1.10 0.18 0.28 0.41 0.34 0.54 1.19 0.66 0.70 1.53 0.17 0.17 0.91 – L-Mar.2022 S-Nov.2022 L-EVER L-Nov.2015 – – L-EVER L-Jan.2021 S-Jan.2023 – S-Feb.2022 L-Jan.2023 L-Jan.2023 S-Jan.2023 – 8.7 5.0 – 3.7 – – – 2.5 6.8 – 9.7 2.0 1.4 5.7 0.975 1.439 0.604 0.604 0.835 0.239 0.168 0.142 3.9 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.2 4.9 5.0 6.3 0.038 0.073 0.030 0.030 0.044 0.011 0.008 0.009 0.58 0.51 0.87 0.87 0.55 0.86 0.46 1.28 L-Jun.2009 L-Jan.2023 L-Dec.2022 L-Dec.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Feb.2022 S-Nov.2022 S-Sep.2021 4.4 5.3 6.3 6.3 5.1 4.9 4.9 6.0 0.027 0.181 9.7 4.6 2.2 0.002 0.008 1.84 1.18 1.96 S-Aug.2022 S-Jan.2023 – 9.1 3.5 – 1.61 – – Special aggregate indexes All items less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less shelter............................................... . All items less food and shelter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less food, shelter, and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less food, shelter, energy, and used cars and trucks.............................................................. . All items less medical care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less energy............................................... . Commodities........................................................ . Commodities less food, energy, and used cars and trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... . Commodities less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food and beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less rent of shelter15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durables............................................................. . See footnotes at end of table. 86.493 65.527 52.021 45.025 4.4 3.4 2.2 3.7 3.854 2.304 1.173 1.714 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.15 S-Mar.2021 S-Mar.2021 S-Feb.2021 – 2.5 3.1 1.3 – 42.471 92.023 93.005 38.408 5.1 5.3 6.0 1.6 2.145 4.859 5.525 0.616 0.16 0.13 0.12 0.14 S-Jan.2022 S-Apr.2021 S-Dec.2021 S-Jan.2021 5.1 4.4 5.6 1.5 18.769 24.901 24.062 61.592 27.491 55.068 12.496 4.2 -2.0 -2.2 7.3 6.1 8.0 -1.0 0.769 -0.515 -0.555 4.369 1.692 4.296 -0.123 0.26 0.19 0.20 0.18 0.21 0.19 0.30 – S-Aug.2020 S-Aug.2020 S-Nov.2022 S-May 2022 S-Dec.2022 L-Dec.2022 – -2.2 -2.4 7.2 6.0 8.0 -0.1 Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, March 2023, 12-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Twelve Month Expenditure category Nondurables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food and beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food and apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housing.............................................................. . Education and communication4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education4........................................................ . Communication4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information and information processing4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information technology, hardware and services17. . . . . . . . . Recreation4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video and audio4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pets, pet products and services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photography4..................................................... . Food and beverages............................................... . Domestically produced farm food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel less footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuels and utilities................................................... . Household energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New and used motor vehicles4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities and public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household furnishings and operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other goods and services......................................... . Personal care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Relative importance Feb. 2023 Unadjusted percent change Mar. 2022Mar. 2023 Unadjusted effect on All Items Mar. 2022Mar. 20231 Standard error, median price change2 25.912 12.405 11.567 8.974 9.813 44.451 5.786 2.247 3.539 3.464 1.797 5.406 1.277 1.216 0.062 14.345 7.274 9.434 2.078 4.678 3.617 7.977 16.759 15.960 7.943 7.824 5.300 2.683 2.187 2.8 -2.8 -3.4 -5.0 -4.3 7.8 1.4 3.5 -0.2 -0.3 -3.0 4.8 3.4 9.4 6.5 8.3 8.3 4.4 4.0 7.3 7.8 1.5 -1.0 -1.6 -0.1 6.9 5.6 6.1 5.9 0.739 -0.392 -0.431 -0.521 -0.482 3.304 0.086 0.091 -0.005 -0.011 -0.049 0.251 0.044 0.104 0.004 1.171 0.574 0.431 0.090 0.346 0.287 0.126 -0.207 -0.306 -0.013 0.562 0.278 0.164 0.129 0.16 0.26 0.28 0.32 0.28 0.22 0.28 0.29 0.41 0.41 0.81 0.38 0.59 0.70 1.76 0.19 0.30 0.20 1.00 0.62 0.80 0.34 0.30 0.29 0.35 0.41 0.49 0.33 0.36 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) unadjusted change since:3 Date Percent change S-Feb.2021 S-Dec.2020 S-Dec.2020 S-Dec.2020 S-Dec.2020 S-Nov.2022 L-Mar.2022 L-Dec.2015 L-Apr.2022 L-Apr.2022 L-Jul.2022 S-Jan.2023 L-May 2022 S-Jul.2022 S-Dec.2022 S-Feb.2022 S-Jan.2022 L-Aug.1997 L-Nov.2022 S-Jul.2021 S-Jun.2021 S-Oct.2021 S-Jan.2021 S-Nov.2020 L-Dec.2022 S-Feb.2022 S-Sep.2021 – – 1.7 -4.8 -5.4 -5.9 -5.0 7.8 1.5 3.7 -0.1 -0.2 -2.2 4.8 3.4 9.1 5.8 7.6 7.7 4.4 4.0 7.0 7.4 1.3 -1.3 -2.6 0.7 6.7 5.1 – – The ’effect’ of an item category is a measure of that item’s contribution to the All items price change. For example, if the Food index had an effect of 0.40, and the All items index rose 1.2 percent, then the increase in food prices contributed 0.40 / 1.2, or 33.3 percent, to that All items increase. Said another way, had food prices been unchanged for that year the change in the All items index would have been 1.2 percent minus 0.40, or 0.8 percent. Effects can be negative as well. For example, if the effect of food was a negative 0.1, and the All items index rose 0.5 percent, the All items index actually would have been 0.1 percent higher (or 0.6 percent) had food prices been unchanged. Since food prices fell while prices overall were rising, the contribution of food to the All items price change was negative (in this case, -0.1 / 0.5, or minus 20 percent). 2 A statistic’s margin of error is often expressed as its point estimate plus or minus two standard errors. For example, if a CPI category rose 2.6 percent, and its standard error was 0.25 percent, the margin of error on this item’s 12-month percent change would be 2.6 percent, plus or minus 0.5 percent. 3 If the current 12-month percent change is greater than the previous published 12-month percent change, then this column identifies the closest prior month with a 12-month percent change as (L)arge as or (L)arger than the current 12-month change. If the current 12-month percent change is smaller than the previous published 12-month percent change, the most recent month with a change as (S)mall or (S)maller than the current month change is identified. If the current and previous published 12-month percent changes are equal, a dash will appear. Standard numerical comparison is used. For example, 2.0% is greater than 0.6%, -4.4% is less than -2.0%, and -2.0% is less than 0.0%. Note that a (L)arger change can be a smaller decline, for example, a -0.2% change is larger than a -0.4% change, but still represents a decline in the price index. Likewise, (S)maller changes can be increases, for example, a 0.6% change is smaller than 0.8%, but still represents an increase in the price index. In this context, a -0.2% change is considered to be smaller than a 0.0% change. 4 Indexes on a December 1997=100 base. 5 Special indexes based on a substantially smaller sample. These series do not contribute to the all items index aggregation and therefore do not have a relative importance or effect. 6 Indexes on a December 2007=100 base. 7 Indexes on a December 2005=100 base. 8 Indexes on a December 1986=100 base. 9 Indexes on a December 1993=100 base. 10 Indexes on a December 2009=100 base. 11 Indexes on a December 1990=100 base. 12 Indexes on a December 1983=100 base. 13 Indexes on a December 2001=100 base. 14 Indexes on a December 2019=100 base. 15 Indexes on a December 1982=100 base. Indexes on a December 1996=100 base. 17 Indexes on a December 1988=100 base. 16
@FedFRASER