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U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Bureau of Labor Statistics Publications BLS Reports HOME ARCHIVE ABOUT BLS REPORTS December 2020 SUBSCRIBE Report 1090 Consumer expenditures report 2019 This Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CE) annual report highlights spending patterns for 2019 from the CE, including a brief discussion of expenditure changes for the year. It includes tables and charts featuring integrated data from the Diary and Interview survey portions of the CE. (For details about CE, see technical notes.) The incomes and expenditures shown throughout are expressed as nominal values, representing spending in U.S. dollars as reported by surveyed consumers.1 The tables in this report show average annual expenditures, income, and characteristics for consumer units classified by income before taxes by quintile, decile, and range; age of the reference person; size of the consumer unit; composition of the consumer unit; number of earners; housing tenure (homeowner or renter); type of area (urban or rural); region of residence; occupation; highest education level of any consumer unit member; race; Hispanic or Latino origin; and generation of the reference person.2 Average annual expenditures increased 3.0 percent between 2018 and 2019 (from $61,224 to $63,036, respectively), compared with a 1.9-percent increase from 2017 to 2018. At the same time, income before taxes increased by 5.4 percent between 2018 and 2019 (from $78,635 to $82,852, respectively), compared with a 6.9-percent increase from 2017 to 2018. Prices rose by 1.8 percent from 2018 to 2019, as measured by the average annual change in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U, U.S. city averag e, all items, base period 1982–1984=100), compared with the 3.0-percent increase in spending. From 2017 to 2018, prices increased by 2.4 percent, compared with the 1.9-percent increase in spending. Developments in 2019 Average annual expenditures increased from 2018 to 2019 for eight of the 14 major aggregated categories of expenditures. Spending increased in food, housing, apparel and services, transportation, healthcare, personal care products and services, education, and cash contributions. (See table A.) Average spending declined for alcoholic beverages, entertainment, reading, tobacco products and smoking supplies, miscellaneous expenses, and personal insurance and pensions. Transportation experienced the largest increase at 10.1 percent, while reading experienced the largest decline at 14.8 percent. Other notable expenditure changes were a 9.5-percent decline in miscellaneous expenditures, a 7.8-percent decline in tobacco products and supplies, and a 5.7-percent increase in cash contributions. For the remaining categories, spending changes were modest. Table A. Average annual expenditures by major category of all consumer units and percent changes, 2016–19 Item Number of consumer units (in thousands) 2016 2017 2018 2019 Percent change 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 129,549 130,001 131,439 132,242 [1] [1] [1] $74,664 $73,573 $78,635 $82,852 -1.5 6.9 5.4 Consumer unit characteristics Income before taxes Footnotes [1] Data are not applicable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys, September 2020. Item 2016 2017 2018 2019 Percent change 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 50.9 50.9 51.1 51.6 [1] [1] [1] 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 [1] [1] [1] Children under 18 .6 .6 .6 .6 [1] [1] [1] Adults 65 and older .4 .4 .4 .4 [1] [1] [1] Earners 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 [1] [1] [1] Vehicles 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 [1] [1] [1] 62 63 63 64 [1] [1] [1] $57,311 $60,060 $61,224 $63,036 4.8 1.9 3.0 Age of reference person Average number in consumer unit People Percent homeowner Average annual expenditures 7,203 7,729 7,923 8,169 7.3 2.5 3.1 4,049 4,363 4,464 4,643 7.8 2.3 4.0 Cereals and bakery products 524 564 569 583 7.6 .9 2.5 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs 890 944 961 980 6.1 1.8 2.0 Dairy products 410 450 449 455 9.8 -.2 1.3 Fruits and vegetables 783 837 858 876 6.9 2.5 2.1 1,442 1,568 1,627 1,749 8.7 3.8 7.5 3,154 3,365 3,459 3,526 6.7 2.8 1.9 484 558 583 579 15.3 4.5 -.7 18,886 19,884 20,091 20,679 5.3 1.0 2.9 Food Food at home Other food at home Food away from home Alcoholic beverages Housing Shelter 11,128 11,895 Owned dwellings 6,295 6,947 6,678 6,797 Rented dwellings 4,035 4,167 4,249 4,432 3.3 2.0 4.3 798 782 821 961 -2.0 5.0 17.1 Utilities, fuels, and public services 3,884 3,836 4,049 4,055 -1.2 5.6 .1 Household operations 1,384 1,412 1,522 1,570 2.0 7.8 3.2 Other lodging 11,747 12,190 6.9 -1.2 3.8 10.4 -3.9 1.8 660 755 747 766 14.4 -1.1 2.5 1,829 1,987 2,025 2,098 8.6 1.9 3.6 Apparel and services 1,803 1,833 1,866 1,883 1.7 1.8 .9 Transportation 9,049 9,576 9,761 10,742 5.8 1.9 10.1 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) 3,634 4,054 3,975 4,394 11.6 -1.9 10.5 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil 1,909 1,968 2,109 2,094 3.1 7.2 -.7 Other vehicle expenses 2,884 2,842 2,859 3,474 -1.5 .6 21.5 623 712 818 781 14.3 14.9 -4.5 Healthcare 4,612 4,928 4,968 5,193 6.9 .8 4.5 Entertainment 2,913 3,203 3,226 3,090 10.0 .7 -4.2 Personal care products and services 707 762 768 786 7.8 .8 2.3 Reading 118 110 108 92 -6.8 -1.8 -14.8 1,329 1,491 1,407 1,443 12.2 -5.6 2.6 Housekeeping supplies Household furnishings and equipment Public and other transportation Education Tobacco products and smoking supplies 337 332 347 320 -1.5 4.5 -7.8 Miscellaneous 959 1,010 993 899 5.3 -1.7 -9.5 Cash contributions 2,081 1,873 1,888 1,995 -10.0 .8 5.7 Personal insurance and pensions 6,831 6,771 7,296 7,165 -.9 7.8 -1.8 Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security 322 418 465 520 29.8 11.2 11.8 6,509 6,353 6,831 6,645 -2.4 7.5 -2.7 Footnotes [1] Data are not applicable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys, September 2020. Except for apparel and services (0.9 percent), the rise in expenditures for those items that increased (food, housing, healthcare, personal care products and services, and education) ranged between 2.0 percent and 5.0 percent; expenditures for both alcoholic beverages and personal insurance and pensions declined less than 2.0 percent. Expenditure shares Expenditure shares are important in the short run, to provide a snapshot of the typical allocation of family spending and in the long run, to reflect the changes in the economic standard of living. For example, smaller shares spent on food and other life necessities mean more is available to spend on entertainment, education, cash contributions, or other items that are not strictly necessary. The shares of selected expenditure categories from 2016–19 are in chart 1. The eight largest categories (by dollars spent) accounted for 93.5 percent of total spending in 2019, with the housing share alone accounting for one-third (32.8 percent) of total spending. The six smallest categories (by dollars spent) are combined into the "All other" category, which includes: alcoholic beverages, personal care and products, reading, education, tobacco products and smoking supplies, and miscellaneous expenditures. Chart 1. Percentage of expenditure share by selected categories, 2016–19. Housing Food Healthcare Cash contribu�ons All other Percent Transporta�on Personal Insurance and pensions Entertainment Apparel and services 40 30 20 10 0 2016 2017 2018 2019 Click legend items to change data display. Hover over chart to view data. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. View Chart Data Table B shows the expenditure shares of all 14 major categories from 2016 to 2019. A comparison between results from 2019 and 2018 shows that spending shares among the main categories increased for four categories, decreased for seven categories, and were unchanged for three. Table B. Percent distribution of total annual expenditures by major category for all consumer units, 2016–19 Spending category Average annual expenditures Food 2016 2017 2018 2019 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 12.6 12.9 12.9 13.0 Food at home 7.1 7.3 7.3 7.4 Food away from home 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 Alcoholic beverages Housing Shelter .8 .9 1.0 .9 33.0 33.1 32.8 32.8 19.4 19.8 19.2 19.3 Utilities, fuels, and public services 6.8 6.4 6.6 6.4 Household operations 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 Housekeeping supplies 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 Household furnishings and equipment 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 Apparel and services Transportation 15.8 15.9 15.9 17.0 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) 6.3 6.7 6.5 7.0 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.3 Other vehicle expenses 5.0 4.7 4.7 5.5 Public and other transportation 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 Healthcare 8.0 8.2 8.1 8.2 Entertainment 5.1 5.3 5.3 4.9 Personal care products and services 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2 .2 .2 .2 .1 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.3 Reading Education Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys, September 2020. Spending category 2016 Tobacco products and smoking supplies Miscellaneous Cash contributions Personal insurance and pensions 2018 2019 .6 .6 .5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.4 3.6 3.1 3.1 3.2 11.9 11.3 11.9 11.4 Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security 2017 .6 .6 .7 .8 .8 11.4 10.6 11.2 10.5 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys, September 2020. The largest change in expenditure shares was an increase of 1.1 percentage points in transportation to 17 percent in 2019, driven by double-digit growth in expenditures for vehicle purchases (net outlay) and other vehicle expenses. The largest decrease was a 0.5 percentage point decline in personal insurance and pensions, followed by decreases of 0.4 percentage point in entertainment, and 0.2 percentage point in the miscellaneous category. In contrast, shares for food, healthcare, and cash contributions increased by 0.1 percentage point. Expenditures on housing Although housing expenditures increased by 2.9 percent from 2018 to 2019 (table A), the share of housing expenditures remained the same at 32.8 percent of total spending (table B). The homeownership rate increased by 1 percentage point to 64 percent in 2019, recovering to 2012–13 levels (chart 2). The homeownership rate prior to 2012 was higher than the current level; peaking in 2004, it fell through 2015–16, and rose in each subsequent year except 2018, when homeownership rates remained stable. Chart 2. Homeownership rate, 2000–19 Percent 70 68 66 64 62 60 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 Hover over chart to view data. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. View Chart Data Expenditures on gasoline Consumer spending on gasoline of all types decreased by 0.9 percent from 2018 to 2019, marking the first decrease since 2016. In contrast, spending on gasoline from 2017 to 2018 increased 7.4 percent. The CPI-U for gasoline, a measure of gasoline price change, also declined by 3.5 percent from 2018 to 2019. The magnitude of change in gasoline expenditures and CPI-gasoline in 2019 was lower than that in 2018. Continuing the pattern observed from 2008 to 2018, the changes in gasoline expenditures and CPI-U gasoline moved almost in the same direction in 2019, though the magnitudes of change were different. (See chart 3.) Chart 3. Percentage change in gasoline spending and CPI-U gasoline, 2008–19 CPI-U Gasoline Gasoline (CE) Percent 40 20 0 -20 -40 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Click legend items to change data display. Hover over chart to view data. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. View Chart Data Expenditures by income quintiles For every income quintile, expenditures have increased each year from 2015 to 2019. (See chart 4.) Spending by consumer units in the lowest income quintile increased by 8.6 percent, which was the largest increase in spending for any income quintile. The growth of income before taxes for the lowest income quintile was 6.6 percent. Except in the lowest income quintile, spending increases were less than 3.0 percent for all other income quintiles, while their income increases ranged from 3.2 percent to 6.7 percent. Chart 4. Percentage change in average annual expenditures by income quintiles, 2014–19 2014–15 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 Percent 10 8 6 4 2 0 Lowest income quin�le Second income quin�le Third income quin�le Fourth income quin�le Highest income quin�le Click legend items to change data display. Hover over chart to view data. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. View Chart Data Transportation, housing, and cash contributions were the only major expenditure categories for which all income quintiles spent more in 2019 than in 2018 (table C). Transportation spending increases ranged from 4.2 percent for the highest income quintile to 23.2 percent for the lowest income quintile. The percentage growth in transportation expenditures was also notable for the third income quintile (14.1 percent) and the fourth income quintile (14.4 percent). Housing expenditure increases ranged from 1.2 percent for the third income quintile to 9.3 percent for the lowest income quintile. Increases in cash contributions ranged from 0.1 percent for the third income quintile to 17.1 percent for the fourth income quintile. Table C. Dollar change and percent change in average annual expenditures on major categories by income quintiles, 2018–19. Item Income before taxes Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest Dollar Percent Dollar Percent Dollar Percent Dollar Percent Dollar Percent $744 6.6 $1,531 4.9 $1,873 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys, September 2020. 3.4 $2,912 3.2 $13,695 6.7 Item Average annual expenditures Food Food at home Food away from home Housing Apparel and services Transportation Healthcare Entertainment Cash contributions Personal insurance and pensions All other expenditures Lowest Second Third Fourth Highest Dollar Percent Dollar Percent Dollar Percent Dollar Percent Dollar Percent 2,273 8.6 504 1.3 1,316 2.5 2,042 3.0 2,790 2.3 291 7.1 19 0.3 547 7.9 -273 -2.9 639 4.8 81 3.0 52 1.4 341 8.4 117 2.3 302 4.4 210 15.0 -33 -1.5 207 7.2 -390 -9.1 336 5.2 978 9.3 512 3.6 215 1.2 394 1.8 801 2.3 69 9.2 -34 -2.7 11 0.7 142 6.8 -109 -3.0 863 23.2 399 5.9 1,214 14.1 1,622 14.4 779 4.2 380 15.4 -47 -1.2 57 1.2 170 2.9 550 7.0 -260 -19.0 -338 -15.5 -274 -10.8 -106 -3.0 296 4.5 16 2.5 48 4.3 1 0.1 318 17.1 152 3.4 -97 -13.5 -48 -2.3 -314 -6.3 29 0.3 -251 -1.2 33 1.6 -7 -0.3 -141 -4.3 -254 -5.9 -67 -0.8 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys, September 2020. From 2018 to 2019, the lowest income quintile had the largest increase in average annual expenditures among all income quintiles, mostly driven by increased spending on housing, transportation, healthcare, and food (table C). Double-digit percentage declines in expenditures occurred in entertainment for the first (19 percent), second (15.5 percent), and third (10.8 percent) income quintiles; and in personal insurance and pensions (13.5 percent) for the lowest income quintile. Other notable increases were in healthcare (15.4 percent) and in food away from home (15 percent) for the lowest income quintile. Expenditures on food by income quintile and generation Food expenditures increased for 4 of the 5 income quintiles in 2019 without showing any patterns across income quintiles, neither in-line with the increased income before taxes nor with the increased average annual expenditures. (See table C.) The largest rate of spending growth in food was 7.9 percent for the third income quintile, followed by 7.1 percent by the lowest income quintile, and 4.8 percent by the highest income quintile. The second income quintile experienced marginal growth in food spending (0.3 percent). Food spending declined by 2.9 percent for the fourth income quintile. When examining the components, expenditures on food at home increased for all income quintiles, while spending on food away from home increased in three of the five income quintiles. The declines in spending on food away from home were 9.1 percent by the fourth income quintile and 1.5 percent by the second income quintile. The largest increase in food away from home was 15 percent for the lowest income quintile, followed by 7.2 percent in the third income quintile, and 5.2 percent by the highest income quintile. Spending on food at home and food away from home show distinctive patterns across the generations, according to the 2019 CE data. Based on the birth year of the reference person, the CE data are categorized into distinct generational groups: post-Millennials (1997 or later); Millennials (1981–1996); Generation X (1965–1980); Baby boomers (1946–1964); and GI and Silent generations (1945 or earlier).3 Starting in 2019, the CE program adjusted generations of birth years by merging the GI and Silent generations into one age group (born 1945 or earlier), and separating the Millennial and post-Millennial generations into two groups (those born 1981 through 1996 and those born 1997 or later). These changes reflect the decreasing number of persons born in the first period and the increasing number of persons born in the last period. Similar to 2018, consumer units with younger reference persons showed a higher proportion of total food spending on food away from home, while consumer units with older reference persons had higher proportions on spending for food at home in 2019. In fact, the decrease in share by generation is noteworthy in 2019: The postMillennials devoted a much larger share (52 percent) of their total food spending to food away from home than did the GI and Silent generations (36 percent) in 2019. (See chart 5.) Some of the difference may be due directly to life-cycle effects. For example, in 2019, members of the GI and Silent generations were well in the retirement age range, and retirees may have more time to prepare meals at home than those still working. In addition, someone from one of these generations may have an age-related health constraint that limits their access to restaurants. Nevertheless, other factors, such as income and family size, differ by generation, and undoubtedly influence the allocation of the food budget as well. For further discussion of these differences, see Fun facts about Millennials: comparing expenditure patter ns from the latest through the greatest generation and Consumer expenditures vary by age. Chart 5. Percentage allocation of total food expenditures by generation of reference person, 2019 Food at home Food away from home Millennial Genera�on X 80 60 40 20 0 Post-millennial Baby boomer GI and Silent genera�on Click legend items to change data display. Hover over chart to view data. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. View Chart Data Notes 1 Unlike real-dollar expenditures, nominal dollar expenditures are not adjusted for price change over time, but reflect prices at the time of purchase. The terms “nominal” and “real” are identical to the terms “current” and “constant,” which are also used to describe expenditures, incomes, or other items denominated in dollar terms. 2 A consumer unit consists of either: (1) all members of a particular household who are related by blood, marriage, adoption, or other legal arrangements; (2) a person living alone or sharing a household with others or living as a roomer in a private home or lodging house or in permanent living quarters in a hotel or motel, but who is financially independent; or (3) two or more persons living together who use their income to make joint expenditure decisions. The reference person is the first member mentioned by the respondent when asked to, "start with the name of the person or one of the persons who owns or rents the home." It is with respect to this person that the relationship of the other consumer unit members is determined. 3 Please refer to this link for more details https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2015/09/03/the-whys-and-hows-of-generations-research/. Further, as the oldest members of the Millennial generation are well into adulthood, a new classification of “post-Millennials,” also known as “Generation Z,” has appeared to describe those who were born after 1996. Details on this cohort are available at https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/17/where-millennials-end-and-generation-z-begins/. The CE data in this report merge the GI and Silent generations, and distinguish Millennials and post-Millennials. The GI generation is also called the Greatest generation. Statistical Tables [—] Table 1. Quintiles of income before taxes: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, 2019 Item All consumer units Lowest 20 percent Second 20 percent Third 20 percent Fourth 20 percent Highest 20 percent 132,242 26,367 26,387 26,578 26,375 26,536 [1] [1] $22,488 $43,432 $72,234 $120,729 $82,852 $12,029 $32,768 $56,773 $93,390 $218,670 51.6 56.5 54.9 49.4 47.7 49.2 2.5 1.6 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.2 Children under 18 .6 .3 .5 .6 .7 .8 Adults 65 and older .4 .5 .6 .4 .3 .2 Number of consumer units (in thousands) Lower limit Consumer unit characteristics Income before taxes Age of reference person Average number in consumer unit People Earners 1.3 .4 .9 1.3 1.8 2.1 Vehicles 1.9 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.8 Percent homeowner Average annual expenditures Food 64 43 55 62 73 86 $63,036 $28,672 $40,472 $53,045 $71,173 $121,571 8,169 4,400 5,859 7,505 9,080 13,987 Footnotes [1] Not applicable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. Item All consumer units Lowest 20 percent Second 20 percent Third 20 percent Fourth 20 percent Highest 20 percent Food at home 4,643 2,790 3,672 4,422 5,198 7,129 Cereals and bakery products 583 373 466 549 660 867 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs 980 592 816 952 1,100 1,440 Dairy products 455 275 352 435 499 713 Fruits and vegetables Other food at home Food away from home Alcoholic beverages Housing Shelter 876 513 702 841 970 1,355 1,749 1,036 1,336 1,645 1,968 2,754 3,526 1,610 2,187 3,084 3,882 6,858 579 209 331 441 658 1,255 20,679 11,531 14,805 18,075 22,611 36,302 12,190 7,013 8,699 10,546 13,085 21,564 Owned dwellings 6,797 2,448 3,452 4,929 7,730 15,390 Rented dwellings 4,432 4,224 4,839 5,058 4,479 3,558 961 341 409 558 876 2,615 Utilities, fuels, and public services 4,055 2,511 3,423 3,890 4,613 5,828 Household operations 1,570 634 938 1,196 1,672 3,400 Other lodging Housekeeping supplies Household furnishings and equipment Apparel and services 766 430 587 699 850 1,260 2,098 942 1,157 1,744 2,391 4,250 1,883 818 1,246 1,530 2,245 3,571 10,742 4,581 7,160 9,850 12,910 19,166 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) 4,394 1,746 2,692 4,006 5,336 8,168 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil 2,094 998 1,601 2,079 2,593 3,193 Other vehicle expenses 3,474 1,511 2,486 3,255 4,179 5,926 781 327 381 509 802 1,879 Transportation Public and other transportation Healthcare 5,193 2,855 3,950 4,694 6,036 8,415 Entertainment 3,090 1,109 1,845 2,268 3,388 6,828 786 363 552 707 897 1,411 92 61 62 90 94 153 1,443 767 491 687 1,189 4,072 320 299 327 368 397 209 Personal care products and services Reading Education Tobacco products and smoking supplies 899 411 682 869 846 1,683 Cash contributions Miscellaneous 1,995 649 1,157 1,328 2,175 4,657 Personal insurance and pensions 7,165 619 2,006 4,633 8,647 19,861 520 147 279 365 546 1,257 6,645 471 1,727 4,268 8,101 18,604 Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security Footnotes [1] Not applicable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. [–] Table 2. Deciles of income before taxes: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, 2019 Item All consumer units Number of consumer units (in thousands) Lower limit Lowest 10 Second 10 percent percent Third 10 percent Fourth 10 percent Fifth 10 percent Sixth 10 percent Seventh 10 percent Eighth 10 percent Ninth 10 percent Highest 10 percent 132,242 13,221 13,146 13,216 13,171 13,293 13,285 13,240 13,135 13,192 13,344 [1] [1] $12,926 $22,488 $32,662 $43,432 $56,470 $72,233 $92,021 $120,727 $169,726 $82,852 $6,268 $17,823 $27,642 $37,910 $49,578 $63,972 $81,821 $105,052 $141,980 $294,483 51.6 51.7 61.4 57.4 52.5 50.5 48.3 47.9 47.5 48.7 49.8 Consumer unit characteristics Income before taxes Age of reference person Footnotes [1] Not applicable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. Item All consumer units Lowest 10 Second 10 percent percent Third 10 percent Fourth 10 percent Fifth 10 percent Sixth 10 percent Seventh 10 percent Eighth 10 percent Ninth 10 percent Highest 10 percent Average number in consumer unit People 2.5 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 Children under 18 .6 .3 .3 .4 .6 .5 .6 .7 .7 .8 .8 Adults 65 and older .4 .3 .6 .6 .5 .5 .4 .3 .3 .2 .2 Earners 1.3 .4 .5 .7 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.1 Vehicles 1.9 .9 1.1 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.8 2.9 64 35 51 56 54 60 64 71 74 82 89 $63,036 $25,856 $31,499 $37,131 $43,822 $49,367 $56,720 $66,435 $75,945 $96,913 $145,967 8,169 3,938 4,861 5,169 6,550 7,100 7,909 8,733 9,428 12,080 15,881 4,643 2,513 3,065 3,261 4,084 4,255 4,588 4,961 5,435 6,627 7,628 583 342 405 400 532 485 612 609 712 810 924 980 535 650 748 884 931 973 1,107 1,094 1,390 1,490 Dairy products 455 251 299 319 385 408 462 468 529 662 764 Fruits and vegetables 876 458 567 622 782 833 849 900 1,041 1,235 1,475 1,749 927 1,145 1,172 1,501 1,598 1,692 1,877 2,059 2,531 2,976 3,526 1,424 1,795 1,909 2,466 2,845 3,321 3,772 3,992 5,453 8,253 Percent homeowner Average annual expenditures Food Food at home Cereals and bakery products Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs Other food at home Food away from home Alcoholic beverages Housing Shelter 579 189 228 258 404 420 462 646 671 1,014 1,495 20,679 10,587 12,478 14,043 15,569 17,165 18,985 21,613 23,617 29,271 43,257 12,190 6,661 7,366 8,347 9,053 10,051 11,040 12,553 13,621 17,223 25,855 Owned dwellings 6,797 2,069 2,829 3,361 3,543 4,531 5,327 7,270 8,193 11,949 18,792 Rented dwellings 4,432 4,155 4,293 4,621 5,058 4,983 5,133 4,517 4,440 3,836 3,284 961 438 244 365 453 537 580 765 987 1,438 3,779 4,055 2,277 2,747 3,295 3,552 3,747 4,033 4,447 4,781 5,420 6,231 1,570 519 750 832 1,044 1,161 1,232 1,577 1,767 2,431 4,358 766 408 452 563 611 666 732 853 848 1,093 1,426 2,098 723 1,162 1,006 1,309 1,540 1,948 2,183 2,601 3,103 5,386 Other lodging Utilities, fuels, and public services Household operations Housekeeping supplies Household furnishings and equipment Apparel and services 1,883 846 791 1,101 1,390 1,355 1,705 1,976 2,513 2,759 4,376 10,742 4,195 4,970 6,169 8,155 9,318 10,381 11,741 14,089 16,920 21,386 4,394 1,525 1,969 2,262 3,123 3,983 4,030 4,866 5,810 7,355 8,971 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil 2,094 983 1,012 1,403 1,800 1,900 2,259 2,481 2,706 3,138 3,246 Other vehicle expenses 3,474 1,335 1,687 2,157 2,817 2,975 3,535 3,761 4,600 5,303 6,542 781 351 303 347 416 460 558 633 972 1,123 2,627 Healthcare 5,193 2,163 3,551 3,789 4,110 4,514 4,874 5,902 6,173 7,131 9,684 Entertainment 3,090 1,046 1,172 1,848 1,842 2,011 2,524 3,127 3,651 4,934 8,706 786 333 393 517 587 653 761 891 903 1,189 1,630 92 54 67 75 49 91 90 106 81 142 165 Transportation Vehicle purchases (net outlay) Public and other transportation Personal care products and services Reading Footnotes [1] Not applicable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. Item All consumer units Education Third 10 percent Lowest 10 Second 10 percent percent Fourth 10 percent Fifth 10 percent Sixth 10 percent Seventh 10 percent Eighth 10 percent Ninth 10 percent Highest 10 percent 1,443 825 709 575 407 625 749 1,022 1,357 2,583 5,543 Tobacco products and smoking supplies 320 290 308 313 342 346 390 394 400 267 152 Miscellaneous 899 341 482 624 740 703 1,035 848 843 1,359 2,003 Cash contributions 1,995 542 756 1,086 1,228 1,157 1,499 1,982 2,370 3,000 6,294 Personal insurance and pensions 7,165 507 731 1,564 2,448 3,910 5,356 7,453 9,851 14,264 25,394 520 108 187 267 291 342 388 555 538 880 1,629 6,645 399 544 1,297 2,157 3,569 4,968 6,898 9,313 13,384 23,765 Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security Footnotes [1] Not applicable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. [–] Table 3. Income before taxes: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, 2019 Item All consumer units Number of consumer units (in thousands) Less than $15,000 $15,000 to $29,999 $30,000 to $39,999 $40,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $69,999 $70,000 to $99,999 $100,000 to $149,999 $150,000 to $199,999 $200,000 and more 132,242 15,848 19,856 12,991 11,208 17,470 19,119 18,225 8,266 9,260 $82,852 $7,574 $22,189 $34,772 $44,831 $59,328 $83,558 $121,433 $171,061 $343,498 51.6 53.0 60.1 53.9 51.1 48.9 47.8 47.9 48.8 50.2 2.5 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.2 Children under 18 .6 .3 .4 .5 .5 .6 .7 .7 .8 .8 Adults 65 and older .4 .4 .6 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .2 .3 Earners 1.3 .4 .6 .9 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.1 Vehicles 1.9 .9 1.3 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.6 2.8 3.0 64 36 54 57 55 63 71 77 86 91 $63,036 $26,194 $34,201 $40,942 $47,299 $54,212 $66,801 $84,994 $109,020 $160,318 8,169 3,917 4,992 5,791 7,193 7,369 8,672 10,633 12,764 17,102 4,643 2,528 3,185 3,636 4,329 4,318 4,983 5,908 6,917 7,954 583 346 409 438 545 547 621 746 885 937 980 542 682 858 919 933 1,071 1,215 1,400 1,558 Dairy products 455 255 307 346 419 421 490 580 676 798 Fruits and vegetables 876 458 603 668 859 818 903 1,118 1,312 1,552 1,749 927 1,184 1,326 1,586 1,599 1,897 2,250 2,645 3,110 3,526 1,389 1,806 2,155 2,865 3,051 3,689 4,725 5,847 9,148 579 184 229 372 410 427 616 872 1,042 1,618 20,679 10,685 13,372 14,851 16,752 18,274 21,619 26,123 32,596 47,329 12,190 6,671 7,942 8,637 9,794 10,649 12,549 15,256 19,126 28,574 Owned dwellings 6,797 2,120 3,130 3,451 3,961 5,192 7,208 9,841 13,786 20,747 Rented dwellings 4,432 4,155 4,512 4,764 5,336 4,864 4,584 4,263 3,435 3,259 Consumer unit characteristics Income before taxes Age of reference person Average number in consumer unit People Percent homeowner Average annual expenditures Food Food at home Cereals and bakery products Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs Other food at home Food away from home Alcoholic beverages Housing Shelter 961 396 300 422 496 592 757 1,152 1,906 4,567 Utilities, fuels, and public services Other lodging 4,055 2,313 3,007 3,500 3,666 3,954 4,475 5,047 5,656 6,478 Household operations 1,570 527 827 923 1,158 1,213 1,627 1,981 2,799 4,998 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. Item All consumer units Housekeeping supplies Household furnishings and Less than $15,000 $15,000 to $29,999 $30,000 to $39,999 $40,000 to $49,999 $50,000 to $69,999 $70,000 to $99,999 $100,000 to $149,999 $200,000 and more $150,000 to $199,999 766 410 507 568 687 697 794 982 1,283 1,381 2,098 764 1,090 1,224 1,447 1,761 2,173 2,858 3,732 5,899 equipment Apparel and services 1,883 862 912 1,193 1,400 1,586 1,899 2,565 3,437 4,806 10,742 4,239 5,500 7,459 8,359 10,377 12,252 15,050 19,055 22,255 4,394 1,607 2,091 2,728 3,088 4,379 5,176 6,191 8,761 8,996 2,094 970 1,170 1,699 1,864 2,153 2,496 2,927 3,181 3,283 3,474 1,319 1,905 2,697 2,904 3,333 3,898 4,910 5,691 6,876 781 344 334 335 503 512 682 1,023 1,421 3,101 Healthcare 5,193 2,318 3,689 4,038 4,518 4,673 5,791 6,685 7,592 10,414 Entertainment 3,090 1,047 1,494 1,783 1,945 2,401 3,121 4,150 5,639 9,852 786 340 428 584 647 718 841 1,052 1,234 1,796 Transportation Vehicle purchases (net outlay) Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil Other vehicle expenses Public and other transportation Personal care products and services 92 53 78 54 96 77 94 118 117 181 1,443 822 578 567 552 671 1,010 1,862 3,212 6,614 Tobacco products and smoking supplies 320 291 308 338 344 376 409 320 201 155 Miscellaneous 899 353 597 614 813 877 855 991 1,542 2,335 Cash contributions 1,995 577 904 1,195 1,124 1,389 2,033 2,657 3,208 7,618 Personal insurance and pensions 7,165 507 1,120 2,102 3,144 4,998 7,588 11,913 17,381 28,241 520 118 237 271 294 396 530 673 986 1,928 6,645 389 883 1,831 2,850 4,602 7,058 11,240 16,395 26,313 Reading Education Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. [–] Table 4. Age of reference person: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, 2019 Item Number of consumer units (in thousands) All consumer units Under 25 years 35–44 years 25–34 years 45–54 years 55–64 years 65 years and older 65–74 years 75 years and older 132,242 7,328 21,232 22,330 22,282 24,565 34,505 19,720 14,785 $82,852 $38,120 $76,187 $103,272 $107,094 $99,606 $55,656 $65,943 $41,937 51.6 21.7 29.8 39.5 49.7 59.5 74.6 69.2 81.8 2.5 1.9 2.7 3.4 2.9 2.2 1.7 1.9 1.6 .6 .3 .9 1.4 .7 .2 .1 .1 [1] [1] [1] Consumer unit characteristics Income before taxes Age of reference person Average number in consumer unit People Children under 18 .4 [1] .1 .1 1.4 1.4 1.3 Earners 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.4 .5 .7 .3 Vehicles 1.9 1.2 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.2 1.7 1.9 1.5 64 17 41 60 69 75 79 78 81 $63,036 $39,293 $57,128 $74,890 $77,356 $69,494 $50,220 $55,087 $43,623 8,169 5,835 7,370 9,760 10,076 8,579 6,599 7,305 5,597 4,643 2,743 3,836 5,458 5,659 5,094 4,063 4,411 3,566 583 380 451 694 712 640 516 545 474 Adults 65 and older Percent homeowner Average annual expenditures Food Food at home Cereals and bakery products Footnotes [1] Value is too small to display. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. All consumer units Item Under 25 years 25–34 years 35–44 years 45–54 years Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs 980 570 824 1,151 Dairy products 455 270 348 Fruits and vegetables 876 529 740 1,749 993 3,526 3,092 Other food at home Food away from home Alcoholic beverages Housing Shelter 55–64 years 65 years and older 65–74 years 75 years and older 1,208 1,063 852 943 722 545 551 496 414 442 374 998 1,060 922 809 874 716 1,473 2,069 2,129 1,973 1,472 1,607 1,280 3,534 4,302 4,416 3,486 2,536 2,894 2,031 579 327 525 544 722 714 501 614 341 20,679 12,741 20,499 24,683 23,876 21,192 17,472 18,709 15,806 12,190 8,436 12,898 14,656 14,151 12,094 9,760 10,486 8,791 Owned dwellings 6,797 1,225 4,575 8,083 9,113 7,900 6,235 6,991 5,227 Rented dwellings 4,432 6,713 7,813 5,627 3,875 2,861 2,571 2,344 2,872 961 498 510 945 1,162 1,333 954 1,150 691 4,055 2,233 3,418 4,475 4,840 4,400 3,810 4,037 3,508 1,570 630 1,718 2,390 1,524 1,232 1,418 1,333 1,532 766 303 532 776 913 905 821 900 708 2,098 1,140 1,934 2,387 2,448 2,562 1,663 1,954 1,267 1,883 1,407 1,878 2,488 2,380 1,828 1,305 1,497 1,035 Other lodging Utilities, fuels, and public services Household operations Housekeeping supplies Household furnishings and equipment Apparel and services Transportation 10,742 8,305 10,296 13,685 13,351 11,380 7,492 8,640 5,960 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) 4,394 3,742 4,130 6,120 5,438 4,550 2,792 3,139 2,329 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil 2,094 1,579 2,136 2,610 2,648 2,239 1,383 1,635 1,047 Other vehicle expenses 3,474 2,360 3,326 4,103 4,357 3,722 2,649 3,030 2,140 781 623 704 852 908 869 668 836 443 Healthcare Public and other transportation 5,193 1,510 3,162 4,822 5,345 5,958 6,833 6,772 6,914 Entertainment 3,090 1,389 2,395 3,661 3,856 3,981 2,381 2,700 1,946 786 479 608 907 1,002 835 715 737 685 Personal care products and services Reading Education Tobacco products and smoking supplies 92 46 44 91 83 97 138 124 159 1,443 2,993 1,197 1,235 2,698 1,782 349 433 237 320 186 341 359 374 399 219 285 130 899 312 672 944 1,095 1,174 811 860 745 Cash contributions 1,995 428 880 2,146 2,125 2,372 2,564 2,586 2,536 Personal insurance and pensions 7,165 3,335 7,261 9,564 10,374 9,203 2,843 3,826 1,532 520 103 223 476 673 795 523 618 397 6,645 3,232 7,037 9,088 9,701 8,408 2,320 3,208 1,136 Miscellaneous Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security Footnotes [1] Value is too small to display. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. [–] Table 5. Size of consumer unit: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, 2019 Item Number of consumer units (in thousands) All consumer units One person Two or more people Total 132,242 Two people Three people Four people Five or more people 92,351 43,558 19,224 17,011 12,557 $39,661 $101,508 $89,202 $110,152 $117,916 $108,736 55.5 46.6 43.9 42.8 39,892 Consumer unit characteristics Income before taxes $82,852 Age of reference person Footnotes [1] Not applicable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. 51.6 55.7 49.8 Item All consumer units One person Two or more people Total Two people Three people Four people Five or more people Average number in consumer unit People Children under 18 Adults 65 and older 2.5 1.0 3.1 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.7 .6 [1] .8 .1 .7 1.5 2.7 .4 .4 .4 .7 .2 .1 .2 Earners 1.3 .6 1.6 1.2 1.8 2.0 2.3 Vehicles 1.9 1.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 64 49 70 72 66 73 65 $63,036 $38,266 $73,707 $66,861 $74,134 $85,139 $81,361 8,169 4,659 9,668 8,422 9,754 11,108 11,953 Percent homeowner Average annual expenditures Food 4,643 2,593 5,518 4,691 5,477 6,449 7,230 Cereals and bakery products 583 318 696 563 685 861 956 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs 980 510 1,181 976 1,130 1,356 1,754 Dairy products 455 253 541 456 534 643 711 Food at home Fruits and vegetables Other food at home Food away from home Alcoholic beverages Housing 876 492 1,040 888 1,030 1,244 1,311 1,749 1,020 2,059 1,807 2,098 2,344 2,499 3,526 2,066 4,150 3,731 4,277 4,659 4,722 579 430 643 799 504 560 421 20,679 14,622 23,292 21,338 23,486 26,281 25,732 12,190 9,412 13,390 12,481 13,614 14,684 14,448 Owned dwellings 6,797 3,827 8,080 7,270 8,014 9,750 8,730 Rented dwellings 4,432 5,056 4,162 3,837 4,620 3,886 4,961 Shelter 961 529 1,148 1,374 980 1,048 758 Utilities, fuels, and public services Other lodging 4,055 2,590 4,688 4,248 4,653 5,174 5,606 Household operations 1,570 883 1,867 1,375 2,088 2,782 1,995 766 437 906 886 803 924 1,118 Housekeeping supplies Household furnishings and equipment Apparel and services Transportation 2,098 1,301 2,441 2,348 2,328 2,718 2,564 1,883 1,066 2,232 1,741 2,223 3,018 2,887 10,742 5,683 12,928 11,095 13,091 16,202 14,600 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) 4,394 2,098 5,385 4,397 5,306 7,528 6,033 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil 2,094 1,106 2,521 2,090 2,540 3,065 3,249 Other vehicle expenses 3,474 2,014 4,105 3,670 4,292 4,702 4,521 781 466 917 938 954 908 797 Healthcare Public and other transportation 5,193 3,343 5,992 6,324 5,594 6,030 5,397 Entertainment 3,090 1,693 3,690 3,681 3,402 3,944 3,815 786 484 916 883 840 1,035 988 Personal care products and services Reading Education Tobacco products and smoking supplies Miscellaneous 92 77 99 120 72 90 78 1,443 693 1,767 1,276 2,485 2,148 1,859 320 228 360 339 378 364 399 899 706 982 954 1,045 982 984 Cash contributions 1,995 1,466 2,224 2,412 1,695 2,114 2,528 Personal insurance and pensions 7,165 3,115 8,914 7,477 9,562 11,265 9,722 520 203 656 671 706 664 519 6,645 2,912 8,258 6,806 8,857 10,600 9,203 Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security Footnotes [1] Not applicable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. [–] Table 6. Composition of consumer unit: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, 2019 Item All consumer units Married couple consumer units Total Married couple only Married couple with children Oldest child under 6 Total Number of consumer units (in thousands) 132,242 64,640 28,814 Oldest child 6 to 17 Oldest child 18 or older Other married couple consumer units One parent, at least one child under 18 Single person and other consumer units 30,392 5,572 14,930 9,890 5,434 6,423 61,179 $102,290 $132,212 $151,081 $125,624 $131,527 $110,485 $46,173 $50,573 Consumer unit characteristics Income before taxes Age of reference person $82,852 $117,048 51.6 51.4 59.1 44.2 33.5 41.4 54.4 50.8 39.8 53.0 3.2 2.0 4.0 3.4 4.2 3.9 5.1 3.0 1.6 Average number in consumer unit: People 2.5 Children under 18 .6 .8 [1] 1.5 1.4 2.2 .6 1.4 1.7 .2 Adults 65 and older .4 .5 .8 .1 [1] [2] .3 .7 [2] .4 Earners 1.3 1.7 1.2 2.0 1.7 1.8 2.5 2.4 1.1 .9 Vehicles 1.9 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.0 2.4 3.0 2.8 1.2 1.4 64 79 83 76 68 73 85 78 35 51 $74,353 $89,900 $80,311 $91,267 $93,206 $77,802 $48,615 $44,564 Percent homeowner Average annual expenditures $63,036 $81,898 8,169 10,547 9,117 11,957 9,549 12,395 12,638 10,821 7,239 5,719 4,643 6,054 5,156 6,857 5,431 7,033 7,385 6,696 4,208 3,174 583 760 618 878 659 926 926 904 583 393 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs 980 1,284 1,066 1,459 1,049 1,489 1,642 1,549 889 664 Dairy products 455 599 503 691 559 726 712 635 384 307 876 1,158 998 1,307 1,060 1,370 1,348 1,238 708 593 1,749 2,253 1,970 2,522 2,104 2,521 2,757 2,371 1,645 1,217 3,526 4,493 3,962 5,101 4,119 5,362 5,253 4,124 3,031 2,545 Food Food at home Cereals and bakery products Fruits and vegetables Other food at home Food away from home Alcoholic beverages Housing Shelter 579 697 837 610 455 588 730 401 323 482 20,679 25,431 23,066 27,599 29,899 27,943 25,784 25,835 17,340 16,002 12,190 14,479 13,275 15,668 16,509 16,341 14,180 14,204 10,332 9,968 Owned dwellings 6,797 9,709 8,781 10,565 10,234 10,796 10,402 9,841 3,448 4,072 Rented dwellings 4,432 3,339 2,698 3,913 5,386 4,346 2,428 3,532 6,469 5,372 961 1,430 1,796 1,191 888 1,198 1,349 830 414 523 4,055 4,979 4,566 5,213 4,010 5,236 5,855 5,859 3,613 3,125 1,570 2,159 1,527 2,852 5,825 2,577 1,594 1,634 1,358 969 766 1,023 1,012 1,017 759 1,002 1,184 1,116 615 506 2,098 2,791 2,686 2,848 2,796 2,786 2,971 3,023 1,423 1,434 Other lodging Utilities, fuels, and public services Household operations Housekeeping supplies Household furnishings and equipment Apparel and services Transportation Vehicle purchases (net outlay) 1,883 2,377 1,789 2,952 2,409 3,253 2,795 2,460 2,143 1,324 10,742 14,107 12,164 16,126 12,800 15,384 19,119 13,124 8,491 7,424 4,394 5,857 4,827 7,132 5,362 6,690 8,797 4,191 3,378 2,954 Footnotes [1] No data reported. [2] Value is too small to display. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. Gasoline, other 2,094 2,727 2,241 3,081 2,504 3,039 3,469 3,328 1,848 1,451 3,474 4,473 4,017 4,845 3,904 4,684 5,619 4,816 2,834 2,485 781 1,049 1,080 1,067 1,030 971 1,233 788 430 534 Healthcare 5,193 6,985 7,605 6,375 5,727 6,189 7,022 7,081 2,634 3,567 Entertainment 3,090 4,222 4,265 4,385 3,321 5,097 3,903 3,049 2,087 1,995 Personal care products and services 786 989 950 1,029 742 1,053 1,156 984 771 571 fuels, and motor oil Other vehicle expenses Public and other transportation Reading 92 114 138 89 64 105 78 120 42 74 1,443 2,004 1,433 2,650 1,055 2,974 3,060 1,426 1,019 895 Tobacco products and smoking supplies 320 316 298 305 174 332 337 478 249 331 Miscellaneous 899 1,046 1,055 1,053 641 1,084 1,239 943 1,341 697 Cash contributions 1,995 2,740 3,100 2,564 1,715 2,791 2,700 1,808 856 1,328 Personal insurance and pensions 7,165 10,323 8,535 12,206 11,760 12,080 12,648 9,271 4,079 4,152 520 802 851 788 569 719 1,015 617 225 252 6,645 9,521 7,683 11,418 11,191 11,361 11,633 8,654 3,854 3,900 Education Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security [–] Table 7. Number of earners in consumer unit: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, 2019 Item Number of consumer units (in thousands) All consumer units Single consumers No earner Consumer units of two or more people One earner No earner One earner Two earners Three or more earners 132,242 17,458 22,433 12,973 24,489 43,078 11,812 $82,852 $21,207 $54,023 $36,677 $78,107 $124,323 $138,024 51.6 69.9 44.6 68.1 50.3 44.3 48.7 2.5 1.0 1.0 2.2 3.0 3.0 4.4 .6 [1] [1] .2 1.0 .9 1.0 Consumer unit characteristics Income before taxes Age of reference person Average number in consumer unit People Children under 18 Adults 65 and older .4 .7 .1 1.4 .4 .2 .2 Earners 1.3 [1] 1.0 [1] 1.0 2.0 3.3 Vehicles 1.9 1.0 1.2 2.0 1.9 2.4 3.0 64 58 43 78 63 69 77 $63,036 $30,451 $44,220 $49,557 $63,867 $81,662 $92,029 8,169 3,971 5,141 7,150 8,775 10,311 12,137 6,971 Percent homeowner Average annual expenditures Food 4,643 2,544 2,627 4,507 5,255 5,591 Cereals and bakery products 583 334 307 599 673 685 896 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs 980 512 508 973 1,124 1,186 1,524 Dairy products 455 261 247 460 508 550 674 Fruits and vegetables 876 480 500 863 1,010 1,040 1,305 Food at home Other food at home Food away from home Alcoholic beverages Housing Shelter 1,749 957 1,064 1,612 1,939 2,130 2,572 3,526 1,427 2,514 2,643 3,521 4,720 5,166 579 246 558 549 444 777 713 20,679 12,793 16,017 17,216 21,209 25,471 26,370 12,190 7,930 10,565 9,123 12,185 14,944 14,908 Owned dwellings 6,797 3,622 3,987 5,746 6,698 8,965 10,281 Rented dwellings 4,432 3,870 5,979 2,317 4,551 4,668 3,535 Footnotes [1] Not applicable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. Item Single consumers All consumer units Other lodging No earner 961 Consumer units of two or more people One earner 438 600 No earner One earner 1,060 936 Two earners Three or more earners 1,311 1,092 Utilities, fuels, and public services 4,055 2,596 2,586 4,052 4,331 4,760 5,862 Household operations 1,570 1,025 771 1,295 1,583 2,273 1,602 Housekeeping supplies Household furnishings and equipment Apparel and services 766 463 418 877 898 869 1,088 2,098 778 1,677 1,870 2,212 2,625 2,910 1,883 798 1,255 1,377 2,095 2,541 2,364 10,742 3,735 7,195 8,179 10,572 14,280 18,097 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) 4,394 1,326 2,699 3,163 4,093 6,113 7,852 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil 2,094 678 1,439 1,607 2,149 2,714 3,591 Other vehicle expenses 3,474 1,375 2,509 2,738 3,444 4,490 5,571 781 356 548 672 885 963 1,083 Healthcare 5,193 4,078 2,775 7,251 5,344 5,821 6,576 Entertainment 3,090 1,439 1,883 2,403 3,132 4,274 4,227 786 426 528 741 825 978 1,078 92 94 66 150 88 90 94 1,443 352 958 453 1,319 1,959 3,442 320 203 247 301 364 356 430 Transportation Public and other transportation Personal care products and services Reading Education Tobacco products and smoking supplies Miscellaneous 899 599 787 733 965 1,030 1,119 Cash contributions 1,995 1,410 1,510 2,185 2,528 2,064 2,220 Personal insurance and pensions 7,165 307 5,300 869 6,205 11,712 13,161 520 186 216 532 610 696 746 6,645 121 5,084 338 5,596 11,016 12,416 Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security Footnotes [1] Not applicable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. [–] Table 8. Housing tenure: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, 2019 Item All consumer units Number of consumer units (in thousands) Homeowner Total Homeowner with mortgage Renter Homeowner without mortgage 132,242 84,291 49,241 35,049 47,951 $82,852 $100,352 $119,508 51.6 55.9 50.1 64.1 43.8 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.1 2.2 .6 .6 .8 .3 .6 Consumer unit characteristics Income before taxes Age of reference person $73,439 $52,089 Average number in consumer unit People Children under 18 Adults 65 and older .4 .5 .3 .8 .2 Earners 1.3 1.4 1.7 .9 1.2 Vehicles 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.2 1.2 Percent homeowner 64 100 100 100 [1] $63,036 $72,388 $82,421 Food Average annual expenditures 8,169 9,180 9,937 $57,898 $46,614 7,915 6,399 Food at home 4,643 5,216 5,468 4,783 3,641 Cereals and bakery products 583 654 684 601 459 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs 980 1,100 1,133 1,044 771 Dairy products 455 517 546 468 346 Fruits and vegetables 876 979 1,020 907 697 Footnotes [1] Not applicable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. All consumer units Item Homeowner Total Homeowner with mortgage Renter Homeowner without mortgage Other food at home 1,749 1,966 2,085 1,763 1,368 Food away from home 3,526 3,964 4,469 3,133 2,759 579 683 775 528 398 Housing 20,679 22,314 26,418 16,522 17,809 Shelter 12,190 11,999 15,186 7,520 12,527 Owned dwellings 6,797 10,587 13,736 6,163 136 Rented dwellings 4,432 138 134 143 11,979 Alcoholic beverages Other lodging 961 1,274 1,316 1,214 412 Utilities, fuels, and public services 4,055 4,805 5,152 4,319 2,736 Household operations 1,570 1,939 2,220 1,544 921 766 945 955 928 451 Household furnishings and equipment 2,098 2,625 2,905 2,211 1,174 Apparel and services 1,883 2,052 2,290 1,675 1,587 10,742 12,581 14,414 10,002 7,510 4,394 5,340 6,082 4,298 2,730 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil 2,094 2,368 2,714 1,881 1,613 Other vehicle expenses 3,474 3,976 4,672 2,993 2,592 Housekeeping supplies Transportation Vehicle purchases (net outlay) Public and other transportation 781 898 945 830 575 Healthcare 5,193 6,450 6,404 6,525 2,983 Entertainment 3,090 3,873 4,379 3,081 1,715 786 909 1,006 760 572 Personal care products and services Reading Education 92 113 108 125 55 1,443 1,549 1,959 970 1,257 Tobacco products and smoking supplies 320 300 317 277 355 Miscellaneous 899 1,023 1,174 802 682 Cash contributions 1,995 2,598 2,292 3,029 935 Personal insurance and pensions 7,165 8,762 10,949 5,689 4,358 Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security 520 707 816 554 190 6,645 8,055 10,133 5,135 4,167 Footnotes [1] Not applicable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. [–] Table 9. Region of residence: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, 2019 Item Number of consumer units (in thousands) All consumer units Northeast Midwest South West 132,242 23,243 28,140 50,977 29,882 $82,852 $88,486 $78,586 $79,348 $88,463 51.6 53.1 52.0 51.0 50.9 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 Children under 18 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 Adults 65 and older .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 Earners 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 Vehicles 1.9 1.6 2.1 1.9 2.0 Consumer unit characteristics Income before taxes Age of reference person Average number in consumer unit People 64 61 69 65 59 $63,036 $68,795 $59,909 $58,622 $69,029 Food 8,169 8,966 7,682 7,616 8,947 Food at home 4,643 5,192 4,478 4,316 4,930 Percent homeowner Average annual expenditures Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. Item All consumer units Northeast Midwest South West Cereals and bakery products 583 700 555 534 602 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs 980 1,153 960 924 963 Dairy products 455 522 435 405 505 Fruits and vegetables 876 1,007 804 798 975 Other food at home 1,749 1,809 1,723 1,655 1,883 Food away from home 3,526 3,774 3,204 3,300 4,017 579 660 575 512 634 Housing 20,679 23,525 18,678 18,781 23,590 Shelter 12,190 14,643 10,457 10,466 14,857 Owned dwellings 6,797 8,093 6,418 6,004 7,500 Rented dwellings 4,432 5,467 2,990 3,611 6,383 Alcoholic beverages Other lodging 961 1,083 1,048 851 974 Utilities, fuels, and public services 4,055 4,239 3,950 4,115 3,909 Household operations 1,570 1,612 1,518 1,440 1,808 766 781 803 767 715 Household furnishings and equipment 2,098 2,250 1,951 1,993 2,299 Apparel and services 1,883 2,282 1,756 1,722 1,968 Housekeeping supplies 10,742 10,495 10,512 10,665 11,284 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) Transportation 4,394 4,079 4,545 4,579 4,180 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil 2,094 1,779 1,980 2,100 2,437 Other vehicle expenses 3,474 3,607 3,354 3,368 3,665 781 1,029 634 618 1,003 Healthcare Public and other transportation 5,193 5,209 5,643 4,982 5,116 Entertainment 3,090 3,176 3,115 2,845 3,416 786 871 717 752 845 Personal care products and services Reading Education 92 90 110 79 100 1,443 2,637 1,024 1,111 1,476 Tobacco products and smoking supplies 320 309 372 353 223 Miscellaneous 899 1,127 790 790 1,011 Cash contributions 1,995 1,638 1,776 1,852 2,724 Personal insurance and pensions 7,165 7,809 7,158 6,563 7,697 Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security 520 614 524 511 458 6,645 7,196 6,634 6,052 7,239 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. [–] Table 10. Occupation of reference person: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, 2019 Item Number of consumer units (in thousands) All consumer units 132,242 Selfemployed workers Wage and salary earners Total wage and salary earners Managers and professionals Technical, sales and clerical workers Service workers Retired Construction workers and mechanics Operators, fabricators, and laborers 6,915 All other, including not reporting 8,326 80,630 33,153 20,641 15,896 4,024 27,917 15,370 $82,852 $134,345 $98,796 $137,660 $75,394 $65,516 $76,247 $71,950 $42,252 $45,060 51.6 50.8 44.3 45.2 42.9 44.7 41.6 45.6 74.3 48.5 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.9 1.7 2.7 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 .7 .8 .8 .1 .8 Consumer unit characteristics Income before taxes Age of reference person Average number in consumer unit People Children under 18 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. Item Adults 65 and older All consumer units Selfemployed workers Wage and salary earners Total wage and salary earners Managers and professionals Technical, sales and clerical workers Service workers Retired Construction workers and mechanics Operators, fabricators, and laborers All other, including not reporting .4 .3 .2 .1 .2 .2 .1 .2 1.3 .2 Earners 1.3 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 .2 .6 Vehicles 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.2 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.3 1.7 1.5 Percent homeowner 64 71 61 70 54 50 57 63 80 46 $63,036 $86,662 $69,099 $86,702 $60,179 $53,462 $57,906 $54,107 $47,259 $46,939 Average annual expenditures Food 8,169 11,015 8,693 10,032 8,111 7,447 8,591 6,938 6,492 6,827 Food at home 4,643 5,589 4,802 5,297 4,500 4,370 5,096 4,127 4,057 4,315 Cereals and bakery products 583 688 594 650 549 556 612 536 526 569 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs 980 1,278 996 1,027 951 956 1,130 974 867 931 Dairy products 455 520 463 533 437 391 462 371 416 444 Fruits and vegetables 876 1,108 903 1,005 847 822 952 736 774 790 1,749 1,995 1,847 2,082 1,717 1,645 1,941 1,511 1,474 1,581 3,526 5,426 3,890 4,735 3,611 3,077 3,494 2,810 2,435 2,513 579 877 647 877 550 423 586 393 480 249 20,679 26,116 22,304 27,325 19,427 18,638 18,497 17,560 16,635 16,536 12,190 15,396 13,376 16,512 11,749 11,186 10,664 9,810 9,149 9,757 6,797 9,141 7,398 10,157 5,697 5,081 5,496 5,676 5,791 4,206 4,432 4,388 5,001 4,838 5,370 5,474 4,792 3,716 2,523 4,937 Other food at home Food away from home Alcoholic beverages Housing Shelter Owned dwellings Rented dwellings 961 1,867 978 1,518 682 631 376 418 835 614 Utilities, fuels, and public services Other lodging 4,055 4,872 4,159 4,566 3,811 3,832 3,881 4,158 3,766 3,593 Household operations 1,570 2,006 1,719 2,454 1,316 1,136 1,317 979 1,401 855 766 1,078 744 896 691 634 652 501 777 686 2,098 2,764 2,306 2,897 1,861 1,849 1,983 2,112 1,542 1,646 1,883 2,578 2,050 2,478 1,967 1,651 1,589 1,502 1,342 1,590 10,742 12,022 12,367 14,726 11,262 9,767 10,790 11,270 7,255 7,860 4,394 3,923 5,236 6,483 4,699 3,779 4,302 4,755 2,779 3,161 2,094 2,502 2,379 2,491 2,227 2,148 2,768 2,600 1,359 1,714 3,474 4,306 3,917 4,523 3,676 3,225 3,478 3,587 2,496 2,474 781 1,291 835 1,229 660 615 243 328 621 510 Healthcare 5,193 6,858 4,795 6,099 4,180 3,604 3,569 3,844 6,670 3,699 Entertainment 3,090 4,868 3,321 4,547 2,780 2,213 2,485 2,159 2,297 2,333 Housekeeping supplies Household furnishings and equipment Apparel and services Transportation Vehicle purchases (net outlay) Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil Other vehicle expenses Public and other transportation Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. Item All consumer units Personal care products and Selfemployed workers Wage and salary earners Total wage and salary earners Managers and professionals Technical, sales and clerical workers Service workers Retired Construction workers and mechanics Operators, fabricators, and laborers All other, including not reporting 786 1,008 836 1,062 744 663 655 541 700 563 92 123 80 108 70 55 56 50 139 57 1,443 2,477 1,667 2,329 1,423 1,213 904 724 371 1,653 320 283 336 216 370 376 633 539 200 474 899 1,501 937 1,249 826 541 770 800 740 663 Cash contributions 1,995 3,046 1,921 2,783 1,407 1,083 1,803 1,321 2,341 1,186 Personal insurance and pensions 7,165 13,889 9,145 12,872 7,064 5,789 6,978 6,466 1,597 3,247 520 874 520 757 411 331 251 298 500 364 6,645 13,015 8,625 12,114 6,653 5,459 6,727 6,168 1,097 2,884 services Reading Education Tobacco products and smoking supplies Miscellaneous Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. [–] Table 11. Highest education level of any member: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, 2019 Item All consumer units Total Number of consumer units (in thousands) College graduate Less than college graduate Less than high school graduate High school graduate High school graduate with some college Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Total Master's, professional, doctoral degree 58,668 33,841 24,828 $71,039 $121,507 $104,922 $144,112 50.5 49.3 52.1 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.6 .6 .6 .6 .6 132,242 73,574 7,558 25,129 26,041 14,845 $82,852 $52,027 $31,970 $42,599 $56,109 52.4 56.3 54.6 50.1 50.8 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.4 .6 .6 .7 .5 .6 Consumer unit characteristics Income before taxes Age of reference person 51.6 Average number in consumer unit People Children under 18 Adults 65 and older .4 .4 .4 .5 .4 .4 .4 .3 .4 Earners 1.3 1.1 .8 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 Vehicles 1.9 1.8 1.1 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 Percent homeowner 64 56 45 56 55 65 73 69 79 $63,036 $46,344 $30,276 $40,029 $49,559 $59,579 $83,856 $73,832 $97,588 Average annual expenditures Food 8,169 6,553 4,879 5,762 7,005 7,946 10,143 9,517 11,021 Food at home 4,643 3,981 3,721 3,534 4,131 4,599 5,448 5,067 5,988 Cereals and bakery products 583 507 492 471 515 563 675 631 738 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs 980 897 837 849 903 997 1,082 987 1,218 Dairy products 455 376 329 339 392 436 550 510 607 Fruits and vegetables 876 714 697 642 730 816 1,073 972 1,216 Other food at home 1,749 1,487 1,366 1,234 1,590 1,787 2,068 1,967 2,209 Food away from home 3,526 2,572 1,158 2,227 2,874 3,347 4,695 4,450 5,032 579 Alcoholic beverages 338 169 284 367 466 874 808 966 Housing 20,679 15,625 11,618 14,214 16,306 18,864 27,003 23,683 31,536 Shelter 12,190 8,872 6,992 8,109 9,311 10,350 16,352 14,307 19,140 6,797 4,083 2,223 3,540 4,281 5,599 10,201 8,453 12,584 Owned dwellings Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. All consumer units Item Less than college graduate Total Rented dwellings Less than high school graduate College graduate High school graduate with some college High school graduate Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Total Master's, professional, doctoral degree 4,432 4,375 4,637 4,209 4,577 4,169 4,502 4,727 4,197 961 414 132 359 452 582 1,648 1,127 2,358 Utilities, fuels, and public services 4,055 3,646 2,817 3,446 3,747 4,229 4,568 4,252 5,000 Household operations 1,570 936 550 853 981 1,195 2,364 1,825 3,100 766 622 471 509 629 880 939 842 1,077 Household furnishings and equipment 2,098 1,549 788 1,298 1,638 2,211 2,779 2,458 3,219 Apparel and services 1,883 1,362 999 1,163 1,366 1,882 2,521 2,324 2,794 Other lodging Housekeeping supplies Transportation 10,742 8,905 4,909 7,557 9,431 12,301 13,044 12,315 14,039 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) 4,394 3,781 1,703 3,117 3,896 5,761 5,162 5,043 5,326 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil 2,094 1,894 1,333 1,689 1,992 2,355 2,345 2,320 2,380 Other vehicle expenses 3,474 2,873 1,659 2,454 3,153 3,710 4,226 3,970 4,577 781 358 213 298 390 475 1,310 983 1,757 Healthcare 5,193 3,971 2,533 3,785 4,044 4,892 6,724 6,001 7,711 Entertainment 3,090 2,118 1,147 1,639 2,430 2,868 4,295 3,442 5,480 786 591 323 462 613 911 1,028 917 1,182 Public and other transportation Personal care products and services 92 67 35 75 66 72 123 104 150 1,443 563 303 259 912 599 2,546 1,839 3,512 Tobacco products and smoking supplies 320 433 341 496 423 392 178 212 131 Miscellaneous 899 675 387 448 700 1,161 1,179 961 1,477 Cash contributions 1,995 1,045 508 854 1,207 1,358 3,187 2,406 4,252 Personal insurance and pensions 7,165 4,098 2,124 3,031 4,690 5,868 11,011 9,304 13,337 520 318 168 269 313 486 772 570 1,049 6,645 3,780 1,955 2,763 4,377 5,382 10,239 8,735 12,289 Reading Education Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. [–] Table 12. Race of reference person: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, 2019 All consumer units White and all other races, and Asian Item Total White and all other races [1] Black or African-American Asian 132,242 114,554 108,246 6,308 17,688 $82,852 $86,743 $85,417 $109,492 $57,649 51.6 52.1 52.4 45.8 48.3 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.4 Children under 18 .6 .6 .6 .7 .7 Adults 65 and older .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 Earners 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.2 Vehicles 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.4 Number of consumer units (in thousands) Consumer unit characteristics Income before taxes Age of reference person Average number in consumer unit People Footnotes [1] All other races includes Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, and approximately 2 percent reporting more than one race. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. Item All consumer units White and all other races, and Asian Total Percent homeowner White and all other races [1] Black or African-American Asian 64 67 68 54 43 $63,036 $65,446 $64,981 $73,433 $47,230 8,169 8,492 8,425 9,620 5,983 4,643 4,803 4,789 5,040 3,553 Cereals and bakery products 583 605 602 648 435 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs 980 987 980 1,109 935 Dairy products 455 481 485 412 275 Fruits and vegetables 876 905 885 1,242 678 1,749 1,825 1,836 1,629 1,230 3,526 3,689 3,636 4,581 2,429 Average annual expenditures Food Food at home Other food at home Food away from home Alcoholic beverages Housing Shelter 579 633 647 400 213 20,679 21,215 21,012 24,694 17,176 12,190 12,468 12,225 16,637 10,390 Owned dwellings 6,797 7,217 7,132 8,682 4,079 Rented dwellings 4,432 4,207 4,053 6,837 5,889 961 1,045 1,040 1,118 422 Utilities, fuels, and public services 4,055 4,101 4,126 3,664 3,760 Household operations 1,570 1,638 1,616 2,019 1,128 Other lodging Housekeeping supplies Household furnishings and equipment Apparel and services 766 797 808 602 553 2,098 2,211 2,237 1,772 1,345 1,883 1,870 1,864 1,968 1,971 10,742 11,087 11,070 11,378 8,509 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) 4,394 4,593 4,625 4,059 3,100 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil 2,094 2,141 2,146 2,042 1,794 Other vehicle expenses 3,474 3,536 3,544 3,400 3,070 Transportation 781 817 755 1,877 546 Healthcare Public and other transportation 5,193 5,476 5,521 4,700 3,354 Entertainment 3,090 3,322 3,335 3,101 1,548 786 795 798 738 727 Personal care products and services Reading 92 98 99 77 52 1,443 1,533 1,442 3,085 862 Tobacco products and smoking supplies 320 333 345 133 232 Miscellaneous 899 950 951 924 568 Cash contributions 1,995 2,127 2,123 2,207 1,139 Personal insurance and pensions 7,165 7,515 7,347 10,407 4,894 Education Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security 520 529 521 666 461 6,645 6,987 6,826 9,740 4,433 Footnotes [1] All other races includes Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, and approximately 2 percent reporting more than one race. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. [–] Table 13. Hispanic or Latino origin of reference person: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, 2019 Item Number of consumer units (in thousands) All consumer units Hispanic or Latino Not Hispanic or Latino Total White and all other races Black or African American 132,242 17,921 114,321 96,992 17,328 $82,852 $64,577 $85,717 $90,734 $57,632 53.3 48.2 Consumer unit characteristics: Income before taxes Age of reference person Average number in consumer unit: Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. 51.6 45.4 52.5 All consumer units Item Hispanic or Latino Not Hispanic or Latino Total People White and all other races Black or African American 2.5 3.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 Children under 18 .6 1.0 .5 .5 .7 Adults 65 and older .4 .2 .4 .5 .3 Earners 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.2 Vehicles 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.4 48 66 70 43 $54,734 $64,350 $67,370 $47,213 64 Percent homeowner Average annual expenditures $63,036 Food 8,169 8,136 8,172 8,547 5,969 Food at home 4,643 4,818 4,614 4,801 3,504 Cereals and bakery products 583 604 580 605 431 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs 980 1,118 957 962 928 Dairy products 455 470 452 483 270 Fruits and vegetables 876 988 857 889 672 Other food at home 1,749 1,637 1,767 1,862 1,204 Food away from home 3,526 3,318 3,559 3,746 2,465 Alcoholic beverages 579 360 616 684 212 Housing 20,679 19,202 20,915 21,591 17,088 Shelter 12,190 11,734 12,262 12,611 10,308 Owned dwellings 6,797 5,051 7,071 7,606 4,079 Rented dwellings 4,432 6,338 4,133 3,834 5,802 961 345 1,058 1,170 428 Utilities, fuels, and public services 4,055 4,052 4,055 4,108 3,762 Household operations 1,570 1,108 1,642 1,734 1,128 Other lodging Housekeeping supplies Household furnishings and equipment 634 788 827 552 1,673 2,168 2,312 1,337 1,883 1,938 1,874 1,851 2,006 10,742 10,721 10,746 11,144 8,517 Apparel and services Transportation 766 2,098 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) 4,394 4,267 4,414 4,646 3,111 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil 2,094 2,438 2,040 2,083 1,798 Other vehicle expenses 3,474 3,407 3,485 3,558 3,073 781 609 807 856 534 Healthcare 5,193 3,485 5,462 5,837 3,349 Entertainment 3,090 1,937 3,278 3,576 1,554 786 752 791 801 734 92 46 100 108 51 Public and other transportation Personal care products and services Reading 1,443 826 1,540 1,660 870 Tobacco products and smoking supplies 320 167 344 364 234 Miscellaneous 899 656 937 1,001 577 Education Cash contributions 1,995 907 2,166 2,348 1,146 Personal insurance and pensions 7,165 5,600 7,410 7,857 4,906 Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security 520 280 557 574 465 6,645 5,320 6,853 7,284 4,441 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. [–] Table 14. Generation of reference person: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, 2019 Item Number of consumer units (in thousands) Consumer unit characteristics All consumer units 132,242 Birth year of 1997 or later 3,698 Birth year from 1981 Birth year from 1965 Birth year from 1946 to 1980 to 1964 to 1996 33,033 35,498 43,148 Birth year of 1945 or earlier 16,865 Item All consumer units Income before taxes Age of reference person Birth year of 1997 or later Birth year from 1981 Birth year from 1965 Birth year from 1946 to 1996 to 1980 to 1964 Birth year of 1945 or earlier $82,852 $27,779 $79,514 $106,173 $86,251 $43,680 51.6 20.2 30.7 46.2 63.1 80.8 2.5 1.8 2.8 3.1 2.1 1.6 .6 .3 1.0 1.0 .2 [1] [1] [1] Average number in consumer unit People Children under 18 .4 [1] .6 1.4 Earners 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.1 .3 Vehicles 1.9 1.0 1.7 2.2 2.1 1.5 64 12 43 66 76 81 $63,036 $34,092 $59,866 $76,788 $63,956 $44,412 8,169 5,288 7,740 10,073 8,180 5,625 Adults 65 and older Percent homeowner Average annual expenditures Food Food at home 4,643 2,516 4,114 5,616 4,862 3,591 Cereals and bakery products 583 313 499 719 606 471 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs 980 562 891 1,177 1,024 731 Dairy products 455 249 383 556 476 382 Fruits and vegetables Other food at home Food away from home Alcoholic beverages Housing Shelter 876 508 781 1,041 909 723 1,749 884 1,560 2,123 1,848 1,285 3,526 2,772 3,626 4,457 3,318 2,034 579 201 528 641 688 360 20,679 10,040 20,958 24,353 20,185 16,041 12,190 6,493 13,027 14,456 11,450 8,926 Owned dwellings 6,797 682 5,036 8,837 7,550 5,370 Rented dwellings 4,432 5,144 7,392 4,538 2,653 2,803 961 666 599 1,081 1,248 752 Utilities, fuels, and public services Other lodging 4,055 1,772 3,538 4,751 4,264 3,570 Household operations 1,570 355 1,883 1,798 1,267 1,518 766 308 546 887 897 729 2,098 1,114 1,965 2,462 2,307 1,298 Housekeeping supplies Household furnishings and equipment Apparel and services 1,883 1,048 2,030 2,437 1,723 1,015 10,742 8,106 11,052 13,346 10,363 6,205 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) 4,394 4,378 4,669 5,509 4,038 2,419 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil 2,094 1,307 2,196 2,664 2,010 1,082 Other vehicle expenses 3,474 1,793 3,459 4,285 3,454 2,219 781 628 728 888 861 485 Healthcare 5,193 1,078 3,428 5,133 6,273 6,932 Entertainment 3,090 1,141 2,556 3,856 3,469 2,000 786 433 666 971 804 675 92 39 [2] 55 87 105 160 1,443 3,636 1,282 2,164 1,248 263 320 144 343 360 355 140 Transportation Public and other transportation Personal care products and services Reading Education Tobacco products and smoking supplies Footnotes [1] Value is too small to display. [2] Data are likely to have large sampling errors. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. All consumer units Item Miscellaneous Birth year of 1997 or later Birth year from 1981 Birth year from 1965 Birth year from 1946 to 1996 to 1980 to 1964 Birth year of 1945 or earlier 899 284 678 1,056 1,035 790 Cash contributions 1,995 302 1,059 2,247 2,442 2,528 Personal insurance and pensions 7,165 2,351 7,492 10,065 7,085 1,680 520 89 252 617 727 402 6,645 2,262 7,240 9,447 6,358 1,277 Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security Footnotes [1] Value is too small to display. [2] Data are likely to have large sampling errors. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. [–] Table 15. Type of area: Average annual expenditures and consumer unit characteristics, 2019 Item Number of consumer units (in thousands) All consumer units Urban Total Rural Central city Other urban 132,242 121,604 48,030 73,574 10,639 $82,852 $84,784 $76,029 $90,499 $60,765 51.6 51.2 49.3 52.5 55.0 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.5 Children under 18 .6 .6 .5 .6 .6 Adults 65 and older .4 .4 .3 .4 .5 Consumer unit characteristics Income before taxes Age of reference person Average number in consumer unit People Earners 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 Vehicles 1.9 1.9 1.6 2.1 2.5 Percent homeowner 64 62 50 70 78 $63,036 $64,092 $58,031 $68,068 $50,955 8,169 8,279 7,543 8,768 6,908 4,643 4,672 4,182 4,997 4,319 Cereals and bakery products 583 588 523 631 527 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs 980 982 886 1,047 958 Dairy products 455 456 400 494 437 Fruits and vegetables 876 891 819 939 705 1,749 1,754 1,554 1,886 1,691 3,526 3,607 3,361 3,771 2,589 Average annual expenditures Food Food at home Other food at home Food away from home Alcoholic beverages Housing Shelter 579 598 575 614 359 20,679 21,283 19,768 22,277 13,772 12,190 12,703 12,322 12,951 6,334 Owned dwellings 6,797 7,021 5,366 8,102 4,238 Rented dwellings 4,432 4,701 6,153 3,754 1,348 961 980 804 1,095 748 Utilities, fuels, and public services 4,055 4,067 3,661 4,332 3,916 Household operations 1,570 1,617 1,420 1,745 1,035 766 758 623 847 852 2,098 2,139 1,741 2,401 1,635 1,883 1,951 1,817 2,041 1,099 Other lodging Housekeeping supplies Household furnishings and equipment Apparel and services Transportation 10,742 10,679 9,405 11,510 11,468 Vehicle purchases (net outlay) 4,394 4,284 3,748 4,634 5,646 Gasoline, other fuels, and motor oil 2,094 2,072 1,725 2,299 2,344 Other vehicle expenses 3,474 3,510 3,075 3,795 3,057 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. Item Public and other transportation All consumer units Urban Total 781 Rural Central city 812 Other urban 856 783 420 Healthcare 5,193 5,179 4,384 5,698 5,358 Entertainment 3,090 3,125 2,715 3,396 2,686 786 815 750 858 463 92 93 87 97 83 1,443 1,519 1,506 1,527 579 320 299 252 330 554 Personal care products and services Reading Education Tobacco products and smoking supplies Miscellaneous 899 918 796 999 678 Cash contributions 1,995 2,008 1,801 2,143 1,847 Personal insurance and pensions 7,165 7,346 6,633 7,811 5,098 520 523 431 583 478 6,645 6,822 6,202 7,228 4,620 Life and other personal insurance Pensions and Social Security Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Expenditure Surveys. Technical Notes The principal objective of the Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CE) is to collect information on the buying habits of U.S. consumers. Consumer expenditure data are used in a variety of research activities by government, business, labor, and academic analysts. In addition, the data are required for the regular revision of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) market basket. First collected in 1888, the CE was conducted approximately every 10 years through the 1972–73 survey; annual collection began in late 1979. The CE is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The CE consists of two surveys, each with independent samples that were first implemented in the 1972–73 series. There is a Diary Survey completed by participating consumer units for two consecutive 1-week periods, and an Interview Survey in which expenditures of consumer units are obtained in four interviews over the course of 10 months, conducted at 3-month intervals. The results in this report are based on integrated data from both surveys. Survey participants record dollar amounts for goods and services purchased during the reporting period, regardless of whether payment is made at the time of purchase. Expenditure amounts include all sales and excise taxes for items purchased by the consumer unit. All business-related expenditures are excluded from both surveys, as are most items for which the consumer unit is reimbursed. However, the Interview Survey collects information on insurance reimbursements for medical care costs. For the Diary Survey, the CE Program draws a sample of 12,000 addresses per year, with approximately 10,000 of those addresses found to be occupied housing units. The other 2,000 addresses are generally nonexistent, nonresidential, or vacant. Approximately 6,000 of those occupied housing units respond to the survey, and each of those households completes two weekly diaries for a total of 12,000 weekly diaries per year. Likewise, for the Interview survey, the CE Program visits 12,000 addresses per quarter, with 10,000 of those addresses having occupied housing units. Then approximately 6,000 of those occupied housing units respond to the survey for a total of 6,000 interviews per quarter. Each consumer unit is interviewed once per quarter, for four consecutive quarters. With the rotating panel, some consumer units rotate out of the survey each quarter, while others rotate in. Data from both the Diary and Interview Surveys are collected on an ongoing basis in 91 geographic areas of the United States. The Diary Survey is designed to capture expenditures on small, frequently purchased items that are normally more difficult for respondents to recall buying over an extended period. Respondents keep detailed entries of expenses for food and beverages—both for food at home (e.g., purchased from grocery stores, convenience stores, farmers markets) and food away from home (e.g., purchased from restaurants, carry outs, employer and school cafeterias)—and for tobacco, housekeeping supplies, nonprescription drugs, personal care products and services, most apparel, and any other goods or services purchased within the period. Although this survey was designed to collect information on expenditures that could not be recalled easily over an extended period, respondents are asked to report all expenses, except those spent while traveling overnight or longer, that the consumer unit incurs during the survey week. The Interview Survey is designed to capture expenditure data that respondents can reasonably recall for a period of 3 months or longer. In general, these expenditures are relatively large, such as expenditures for real property, automobiles, and major appliances, or they occur on a regular basis, such as rent, utility payments, and insurance premiums. The Interview Survey also collects data on expenditures incurred on leisure trips. Including broad estimates of food spending, it is estimated that about 95 percent of expenditures are covered in the Interview Survey. Nonprescription drugs, household supplies, and personal care items are excluded. Integrated data from the Diary and Interview Surveys provide a complete accounting of consumer expenditures and income that neither survey is designed to do on its own. One reason is that data on some expenditure items are collected in only one of the surveys. For example, the Diary Survey does not collect information on reimbursements, whereas the Interview Survey does. Examples of expenditures for which reimbursements are included in the Interview Survey are medical care; automobile repairs; and construction, repairs, alterations, and maintenance of property. For items that are unique to one survey or the other, the choice of which survey to use as the source of data is obvious. However, there is considerable overlap in coverage between the surveys, and integrating the data involves a determination of the appropriate survey from which to select specific expenditure items. When data are available from both surveys, the CE program uses statistical methods to determine which survey is more reliable. In this way, some items are selected from the Interview Survey, and others are selected from the Diary Survey. The CE program reviews the survey source every 2 years for this purpose. See “CE Source Selection for Publication Tables” in the Consumer Expenditure Survey Anthology, 2011 (BLS Report, no. 1030), for source selection details. As noted above, the CPI market basket is revised in accordance with results from the CE. However, the population coverage of the CE differs from the CPI. The CE data cover the total population including rural areas, whereas the CPI covers only the population in urban and metropolitan areas. With the latest CPI geographic revisions, efforts are being made to align the urban areas sampled by the CPI and the CE. Definitions of components also differ between the CE and CPI. For example, homeownership is treated differently in the two surveys: actual expenditures of homeownership are reported in the CE, whereas the CPI uses a rental equivalence approach that estimates the change in the cost of obtaining, in the rental marketplace, services equivalent to those provided by owner-occupied homes. (For an overview of the CPI methodology, see the Handbook of Methods section on the Consumer Price Index.) Interpreting the data Expenditures are averages for consumer units with specified characteristics, regardless of whether a particular unit incurred an expense for a specific item during the recordkeeping period. Therefore, the average expenditure shown for an item may be considerably lower than the average expenditure by the consumer units that purchased the item. The less frequently an item is purchased, the greater the difference between the average for all consumer units and the average for those purchasing the item. Similarly, an individual consumer unit may spend more or less than the average, depending on its particular characteristics. Factors such as income, age of family members, and geographic location influence expenditures. In addition, even within groups with similar characteristics, the distribution of expenditures varies substantially, as personal preference, prices, and other factors not collected in the CE (e.g., health status of consumer unit members) also influence expenditures. These points should be considered when comparing reported averages with the individual circumstances of any particular consumer unit of interest. Users of these survey data should also keep in mind the data reflect conditions at the time they were collected, which may be different than current circumstances. For example, prices may have changed. All prices, as measured by the CPI-U, increased 1.8 percent from 2018 to 2019 (annual average index); undoubtedly, some prices rose more than the average (1.8 percent), some rose less, some stayed the same, and some have even declined. In addition, sample surveys are subject to two types of error: sampling and nonsampling. Sampling errors occur because the data are collected from a sample representing the population, rather than from the entire population. Therefore, the mean of the sample may differ from the mean that would be obtained if data from the entire population were available. Nonsampling errors result from the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, differences in interviewers’ abilities, mistakes in recording or coding, and other processing errors. For additional information on these types of errors see sampling and nonsampling errors. Standard tables, 1960–61, 1972–73, 1984–2019 Tables in this report include integrated data from both the Diary and Interview components of the CE, enabling data users to associate the full range of expenditures with consumers’ demographic characteristics. Users can access the CE tables beginning with 1960–61, which have more detail than is given in this report. Also available are tables showing average annual data over a 2-year period for income before taxes, cross-tabulated by age, consumer unit size, or region; single consumers by gender, cross-tabulated by either income or age; and selected metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Detailed tables, 1984–2019 In addition, the CE also produces detailed prepublication tables, which contain additional sub-categories of spending by demographic characteristics, but also have larger variances. They are available by request; email: CEXInfo@bls.gov. Prepublication tables at the all-consumer unit level are available on the CE research products web page. Public-use microdata The 2019 CE public-use microdata, including Interview Survey data, Diary Survey data, and paradata (data about the survey process), are available on the CE website for electronic download. The Interview Survey files contain expenditure data in two different formats: MTBI files that present monthly values by coding items based on the CPI pricing scheme, and expenditure files that organize expenditures by the section of the Interview Survey questionnaire in which they are collected. Values on the expenditure files cover different periods depending on the specific questions asked, and the files also contain relevant non-expenditure information not found on the MTBI files. Beginning with the 2013 public-use microdata, new estimates of local, state, and federal tax liabilities are included. The CE introduced these estimates to improve the quality of surveyed tax liabilities, which suffered from low item response. The respondent-provided tax data were still available in the public-use microdata for 2013, after which they were no longer collected. For more information on the improvements, see Improving data quality in the Consumer Expenditure Survey with TAXSIM, and for new applications of the tax estimates, see New estimates of personal taxes in the Consumer Expenditure Survey. Free public-use microdata are available at PUMD data fil es from the years 1980 to 2019. Other survey information Other survey information available on the website includes answers to frequently asked questions and a glossary of terms. Beginning with the 2000 data, estimates of standard errors for integrated Diary and Interview Survey data are also available. The CE program also publishes expenditure data within the context of various topics of interest in Beyond the Numbers. As of December 2020, recent articles are: How h ave healthcare expenditures changed? Evidence from the Consumer Expenditure Surveys and How does consumer spending differ among households in California, Texas, and New York? A new BLS data product can tell us. Additional CE articles are presented in the Monthly Labor Review (MLR). As of December 2020, the recent analytical MLR articles using CE data are entitled, “Comparing characteristics and selected expenditures of dual- and single-income households with children,” and “Not fun for you ng and old alike: how the youngest and oldest consumers have fared in recession and recovery.” In addition, the CE research library includes general articles and research papers using CE data, including documents. Information on the methodology used to calculate and collect CE data, including the CE data quality profile, can be found in the CE Handbook of Methods. Upcoming events Each year, the CE program sponsors a symposium and a microdata users’ workshop. Both events are free, although registration is required. The CE Symposium focuses on survey methodology, and typically features presenters from the CE program, other BLS programs, and researchers who are not affiliated with BLS. The symposium typically meets for 1 day. The CE Microdata Users’ Workshop is a 3-day event that combines practical “hands-on” training in use of the data (Interview and Diary), with presentations from users who are not affiliated with BLS. The practical training builds from an introduction to the data files and structure on the first day to expert topics on the final day. Presentations from researchers are selected from those who answer the call for presenters. As with registration, there is no fee for submitting a proposal to present in answer to the call. Both events are held in the same week of July. The next CE Symposium will be held on July 20, 2021. The next CE Microdata Users’ Workshop will be held on July 21-23, 2021. More information about these events is available on the CE website (CE Survey Methods Symposium and Microdata Users’ Wo rkshop). Reports on these events are also published in the Monthly Labor Review (MLR). The most recent report available at the time of publication of this news release describes the 2019 events (Consumer Expenditure Surveys Methods Symposium and Microdata Users’ Workshop, July 16–19, 2019). Reports on earlier events are available on the CE MLR publications webpage (Monthly Labor Review articles by CE staff and others using CE data). Reports on subsequent events (2020 onward) will be posted at a later date. Contact information For more detailed information on the availability of current and earlier data, contact the Division of Consumer Expenditure Surveys, Office of Prices and Living Conditions, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, Washington, DC 20212-0001; call (202) 691-6900; email: CEXInfo@bls.gov; or visit the Consumer Expenditure S urveys page. Information in this publication is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. Upon request, the information in this report will be made available to individuals who are sensory-impaired. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200. Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339. U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Division of Information and Marketing Services PSB Suite 2850 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE Washington, DC 20212-0001 Telephone:1-202-691-5200 Telecommunications Relay Service:7-1-1 www.bls.gov/OPUB Contact Us
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