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C om pensation E xpenditures and P ay roll H ours WATER TRANSPORTATION, 1964 Bulletin No. 1577 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR S TA T IS T IC S BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES Region I - New England Jo h n F . K ennedy F e d e r a l B u ildin g G o v e rn m e n t C e n te r , R oom 1 6 0 3 -B B o s to n , M a s s . 02203 T e l . : 2 2 3 -6 7 6 2 Region II - Mid-Atlantic 341 Ninth A venue New Y o rk , N . Y . 10001 T e l . : 971 -5 4 0 5 Region III - Southern 1371 P e a c h tr e e S tr e e t , N E . A tla n ta , G a . 30309 T e l . : 5 2 6 -5 4 1 8 Region IV - North Central 219 South D e a rb o rn S tr e e t C h ic a g o , 111. 60604 T e l . : 3 5 3 -7 2 3 0 Region V - Pacific 450 G o ld e n G a te A venue B o x 36017 San F r a n c is c o , C a lif . 94102 T e l . : 5 5 6 -4 6 7 8 Region VI - Mountain-Plains F e d e r a l O ffice B u ild in g , T h ir d F lo o r 911 W alnut S tr e e t K a n s a s C ity , M o. 64106 T e l . : 3 7 4 -2 4 8 1 Compensation Expenditures and Payroll Hours WATER TRANSPORTATION, 1964 Balietii No. 1577 March 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Willard Wirtz, Secretary rso [igj BUREAU OF LABOR S T A T IS T IC S Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner For sa le b y th e S u p e rin te n d e n t o f D o cu m en ts , U .S . G o ve rn m en t P rintin g O ffic e , W a s h in g to n , D .C . 2 0 4 0 2 - Price 4 0 cents P r e fa c e T he co n ce p t of e m p lo y e e c o m p e n s a t io n h a s b e e n b r o a d e n e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in the p a s t s e v e r a l d e c a d e s by the ad option o r l i b e r a l i z a t i o n of s u p p le m e n t a r y p a y p r a c t i c s . S t a t i s t i c s on s t r a i g h t - t i m e w a g e s f o r t im e w o r k e d no lo n g e r s u ffic ie n tly a p p r o x im a t e the l e v e l of e m p lo y e r p a y m e n ts fo r h ir e d l a b o r . T h e r e f o r e , it i s now im p o r t a n t to ac co u n t fo r oth er e l e m e n t s of c o m p e n s a t io n , su c h a s v a c a tio n an d h olid ay pay, d a ily or w eek ly o v e r t i m e pay, sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s , t e r m i n a l ( s e v e r a n c e ) pay, c o n trib u tio n s to p r iv a t e p e n sio n and h ealth and w e lfa r e fu n d s, and p a y m e n ts un der l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s . T h is b u lle tin a n a l y z e s the l e v e l and s t r u c t u r e of e m p lo y e r e x p e n d it u r e s f o r the c o m p e n s a tio n of e m p l o y e e s , c o n s id e r in g e a c h com ponen t a s a p e r c e n t of to t a l c o m p e n sa tio n and in c e n ts p e r h ou r. F u r t h e r , the r e l a t i v e i m p o r ta n c e of w o rk in g and le a v e h o u r s a s p e r c e n t s of t o t a l h o u r s p a id fo r i s t r e a t e d . T h is stu dy of the w a te r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n in d u s t r y i s p a r t of the B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s p r o g r a m of s t u d ie s of e m p lo y e r e x p e n d itu r e s f o r the c o m p e n s a t io n of e m p l o y e e s . A l i s t of p r e v i o u s l y p u b lish e d s t u d ie s is found at the end of th is bu lletin . The stu d y w a s conducted in the B u r e a u ' s O ffice of W ag e s and I n d u s t r i a l R e la t io n s b y the D iv is io n of N a tio n a l W age and S a l a r y In c o m e , N o r m a n J . S a m u e l s , C h ief. The a n a l y s i s w as p r e p a r e d by W illiam M. S m ith , u n d er the s u p e r v i s i o n of A rn o ld S t r a s s e r . Contents Pa ge C h a p t e r 1. I n t r o d u c t i o n ____________________________________________________________ L e v e l a n d s t r u c t u r e o f c o m p e n s a t i o n __________________________________________ P r e v a l e n c e o f p a y s u p p l e m e n t s __________________________________________________ C o m p o s i t i o n o f p a y r o l l h o u r s ____________________________________________________ I n d u s t r y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s _________________________________________________________ D e e p s e a s h i p p i n g _____________________________________________________________ I n la n d s h i p p i n g _________________________________________________________________ S t e v e d o r i n g _____________________________________________________________________ C h a p t e r 2. V e s s e l P e r s o n n e l ______________________________________________________ I n t r o d u c t i o n _______________________________________________________________________ P r e v a l e n c e o f p a y s u p p l e m e n t s __________________________________________________ P r e m i u m p a y ______________________________________________________________________ N o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s a n d t e r m i n a l p a y m e n t s _______________________________ P a i d l e a v e _________________________________________________________________________ P a i d v a c a t i o n s _________________________________________________________________ S i c k l e a v e a n d o t h e r p a i d l e a v e _______________________________________________ L e g a l l y r e q u i r e d i n s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s __________________________________________ P r i v a t e w e l f a r e p l a n s ____________________________________________________________ L i f e , a c c i d e n t , a n d h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e ________________________________________ P e n s i o n a n d r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s ________________________________________________ V a c a t i o n a n d h o l id a y f u n d s ____________________________________________________ S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l pay and S U B fu n d s; sa v in g s # a n d t h r i f t p l a n s ; a u t o m a t i o n f u n d s __________________________________________ C h a p t e r 3. L o n g s h o r e m e n __________________________________________________________ I n t r o d u c t i o n _______________________________________________________________________ P r e v a l e n c e o f p a y s u p p l e m e n t s _____________________________________________ P a i d l e a v e _________________________________________________________________________ P r e m i u m p a y ______________________________________________________________________ N o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s a n d t e r m i n a l p a y m e n t s ________________________________ L e g a l l y r e q u i r e d i n s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s __________________________________________ P r i v a t e w e l f a r e p l a n s ____________________________________________________________ L i f e , a c c i d e n t , a n d h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e ________________________________________ P e n s i o n a n d r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s ________________________________________________ V a c a t i o n a n d h o l id a y f u n d s ____________________________________________________ O t h e r p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p l a n s __________________________________________________ C h a p t e r 4. N o n o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s _______________________________________________ I n t r o d u c t i o n _______________________________________________________________________ P r e v a l e n c e o f p a y s u p p l e m e n t s __________________________________________________ P a i d l e a v e _________________________________________________________________________ P a i d v a c a t i o n s _________________________________________________________________ P a i d h o l i d a y s __________________________________________________________________ S i c k l e a v e a n d o t h e r p a i d l e a v e _______________________________________________ P r e m i u m p a y ______________________________________________________________________ N o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s a n d t e r m i n a l p a y m e n t s ________________________________ L e g a l l y r e q u i r e d i n s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s _________________________________________ P r i v a t e w e l f a r e p l a n s ____________________________________________________________ L i f e , a c c i d e n t , a n d h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e ________________________________________ P e n s i o n a n d r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s _____ __________________________________________ O th e r p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p l a n s ____ _____________________________________________ iv 1 1 4 6 6 6 7 8 10 10 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 15 15 24 24 24 24 24 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 30 30 30 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 34 34 34 34 Contents— Continued Page C h a p t e r 5. C o m p o s i t i o n o f p a y r o l l h o u r s _________________________________________ I n t r o d u c t i o n _______________________________________________________________________ V a c a t i o n p a y p r a c t i c e s ___________________________________________________________ P a i d h o l id a y p r a c t i c e s ___________________________________________________________ R e g u l a r l y s c h e d u l e d w o r k w e e k f o r n o n o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s _________________ C h arts: 1. T h e s t r u c t u r e o f c o m p e n s a t i o n , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1 9 6 4 ___ 2. L e v e l o f c o m p e n s a t i o n , by i n d u s t r y s e g m e n t a n d e m p l o y e e g r o u p , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1964 _____________________________________ 3. T h e s t r u c t u r e o f c o m p e n s a t i o n , v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1964 ____________________________________ 4. T h e s t r u c t u r e o f c o m p e n s a t i o n , l o n g s h o r e m e n , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1964 _____________________________________ 5. T h e s t r u c t u r e o f c o m p e n s a t i o n , o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1964 _____________________________________ 6. E m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r s u p p l e m e n t a r y c o m p e n s a t i o n f o r o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1964 _________________ T ab le s: C h a p t e r 1. I n t r o d u c t i o n 1. E m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r s u p p l e m e n t a r y c o m p e n s a t i o n p r a c t i c e s , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1964 __________ C h a p t e r 2. V e s s e l p e r s o n n e l 2. E m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r the c o m p e n s a t i o n o f d e e p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l , by r e g i o n s , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1964 _________________________________________________________ 3. P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f d e e p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l by e m p lo y e r e x p e n d itu re s fo r s e le c te d co m p e n satio n p r a c t i c e s , a s a p e rc e n t of to tal e x p e n d itu re s, w ate r tr a n sp o r ta tio n i n d u s t r y , 1 9 6 4 __________________________________________________________ 4. P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f d e e p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l , by e m p lo y e r e x p e n d itu re s fo r s e le c te d c o m p e n satio n p r a c t i c e s , in c e n t s p e r p a i d h o u r , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1964 _____ 5. E m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r the c o m p e n s a t i o n o f in l a n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1964 ____________ 6. E m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r the c o m p e n s a t i o n o f in l a n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l , by u n io n s t a t u s o f n o n s u p e r v i s o r y e m p l o y e e s , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1 9 6 4 ____________________ 7. P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f in l a n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l b y e m p l o y e r e x p en d itu res fo r se le c te d co m p en sation p r a c t i c e s , a s a p e rc e n t of to tal e x p e n d itu re s, w ate r tr a n sp o r ta tio n in d u stry , 1964 _____________________________________________________________________ 8. P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f in l a n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l , by e m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r s e l e c t e d c o m p e n s a t i o n p r a c t i c e s , in c e n t s p e r p a i d h o u r , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1 9 6 4 _________ v 41 41 41 41 42 2 5 11 25 31 33 9 16 17 19 21 21 22 23 Contents— Continued Page T a b l e s — C o n tin u e d C h a p t e r 3. L o n g s h o r e m e n 9. E m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r the c o m p e n s a t i o n o f l o n g s h o r e m e n , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1964 _________________________________ 10. P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f l o n g s h o r e m e n b y e m p l o y e r e x p e n d i tu r e s fo r s e le c te d co m p en satio n p r a c t i c e s , a s a p e rc e n t o f t o t a l e x p e n d i t u r e s , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1964 _______ 11. P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f l o n g s h o r e m e n , by e m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r s e l e c t e d c o m p e n s a t i o n p r a c t i c e s , in c e n t s p e r p a i d h o u r , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1964 ____________________ C h a p te r 4. N o n o p e ratin g e m p lo y e e s 12. E m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r the c o m p e n s a t i o n o f o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1964 __________________ 13. P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s , by e m p l o y e r e x p en d itu res fo r se le c te d co m p e n satio n p r a c t i c e s , a s a p e rc e n t of to tal e x p e n d itu re s, w a te r tr a n s p o r ta tio n in d u stry , 1964 _____________________________________________________________________ 14. P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s , b y e m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r s e l e c t e d c o m p e n s a t i o n p r a c t i c e s , in c e n t s p e r p a i d h o u r , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1 9 6 4 ________________ C h a p t e r 5. C o m p o s i t i o n o f p a y r o l l h o u r s 15. L e a v e h o u r s a s a p e r c e n t o f t o t a l p a i d h o u r s , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1964 _________________________________ 16. P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e m p l o y e e s by n u m b e r o f w e e k s o f v a c a t i o n p a i d f o r , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1 9 6 4 _________ 17. P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e m p l o y e e s by n u m b e r o f h o l i d a y s p a i d f o r , w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , 1964 ______________________ A p p en d ixes: A . E x p e n d i t u r e s a s p r o p o r t i o n s o f p a y r o l l ____________________________________ B . S c o p e a n d m e t h o d o f s u r v e y ________________________________________________ C . Q u e s t i o n n a i r e _________________________________________________________________ 27 28 29 36 37 39 43 44 44 45 47 49 Compensation Expenditures and Payroll Hours Water Transportation, 1964 Chapter 1. Introduction L e v e l and S t r u c t u r e of C o m p e n s a t i o n W a te r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e m p l o y e r s , w h o s e o p e r a t i o n s w e r e c e n t e r e d on the N a t i o n ’ s w e s t c o a s t , a l m o s t i n v a r i a b l y h a d h i g h e r l e v e l s of c o m p e n s a t i o n e x p e n d i t u r e s th an d id e a s t c o a s t e m p l o y e r s , w hose ou tlays c l o s e l y r e s e m b l e d the i n d u s t r y w i d e a v e r a g e . 5 In 1964, c o m p e n s a t i o n 1 f o r w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e m p l o y e e s 2 a m o u n t e d to $ 4 .3 0 p e r h o u r o f e m p l o y e e w o r k in g t i m e . 3 A p p r o x i m a te ly tw o -th ird s of th ese e x p e n d i t u r e s ($2.84) w e r e s t r a i g h t - t i m e p a y m e n t s f o r work ing t im e and o n e - t h i r d ($ 1 .4 6 ) w e r e f o r p a y s u p p l e m e n t s — a b o u t h a l f of w h ich (72 c e n t s ) w a s p a i d d i r e c t l y to the w o r k e r s f o r l e a v e t i m e , p r e m i u m p a y , n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s , an d t e r m i n a l p a y , an d h a l f (74 c e n t s ) w a s paid fo r v a r io u s le g a lly r e q u ir e d in s u ra n c e p r o g r a m s and p riv a te w e lfare p lan s. In g e n e r a l , e m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s ( m e a s u r e d on a n h o u r l y b a s i s ) f o r the c o m p e n s a t i o n of o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s w e r e a b o u t o n e - s i x t h to o n e - t h i r d g r e a t e r th a n s i m i l a r o u t l a y s f o r o p e r a t i n g p e r s o n n e l . H o w e v e r , the c o m p e n s a t i o n of l o n g s h o r e m e n w a s a b o u t 10 p e r c e n t h i g h e r than th a t f o r the o f f i c e f o r c e of s t e v e do ring f i r m s . The lev el of c o m p e n sa tio n fo r l o n g s h o r e m e n ( $ 4 .8 8 a n h o u r) w a s e x c e e d e d only b y th a t of the d e e p s e a c a r r i e r ’ s o f f i c e f o r c e , w h ich w a s 80 c e n t s a n h o u r h i g h e r th a n f o r v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l ( $ 4 .2 9 ) ; a n d the l o n g sh o re m e n e x c e e d e d t h e in d ustryw ide a l l e m p l o y e e c o m p e n s a t i o n l e v e l ($ 4 .3 0 ) b y a b o u t 20 p e r c e n t . E x p e n d i t u r e s of i n la n d c a r r i e r s of $ 3 .2 4 a n h o u r w e r e h e a v i l y w e ig h t e d by the c o m p e n s a t i o n of v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l , w h ich w a s $ 1 .0 8 a n h o u r l o w e r than f o r o f f i c e e m p lo y e e s ($ 3 .9 8 ). Th e p a t t e r n of c o m p e n s a t i o n o u t la y s in the w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y r e s u l t s f r o m a m i x t u r e of d i f f e r e n t c o m p e n s a t i o n p r a c t i c e s f o r o p e r a t i n g an d n o n o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s 4 in the v a r i o u s s e g m e n t s of the i n dustry. T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s , w h ich a r e r e f l e c t e d in v a r y i n g c o m p e n s a t i o n l e v e l s a n d s t r u c t u r e s , r e s u l t f r o m the w ide d i f f e r e n c e s in c o n d it io n s of e m p l o y m e n t , a n d m a n y o t h e r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s u n iqu e to the w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a ti o n i n d u s t r y . 3 Paid hours consist of aggregate hours worked, paid leave hours, rest periods, coffee breaks, machine down-time, and other nonleave hours paid for but not worked, for which employers made direct payments to workers during the year. See appendix C for a more detailed definition of total man-hours for operating employees. Working time excludes paid leave hours. Unless otherwise noted, all expenditures expressed in hourly terms relate to employer expenditures per hour of working time. 4 The terms operating and nonoperating employees, which were used on the survey questionnaire, are used synonomously with vessel em ployees, longshoremen (or pier personnel), and office employees. The latter terms are used frequently in this bulletin for purposes of interpretative clarity. The survey defini tions of employee groups are reproduced in appendix C. 5 For purposes of this study, the geographic location of firms (and all of their employees) was based on the location of the companies' main office. Some firms, particularly those operating vessels on the deep seas, may employ workers on both the east and west coasts* other firms may employ workers on one or both coasts as well as in the central areas of the country. The term coast, as used in this report, is defined to include all coastal and inland areas in two broadly defined regions. These regions are: East Coast—Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Dela ware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Loui siana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hamp shire, New Jersey, New York, N o rth Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia; and West Coast—Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Data for the other 12 States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin) are included in the industry totals. 1 Compensation for purposes of this study is defined as the sum of the payments, subject to Federal withholding taxes, that were made by employers directly to their employees, before de ductions of any type, and the expenditures made by employers for legally required insurance programs and private welfare plans to provide workers with full or partial economic security against a future contingency (e. g . , unemployment, retirem ent, m edical expenses, etc. ). By definition, employer expenditures made in accordance with the provisions of workmen's compensation laws are an inte gral element of compensation. However, they were generally excluded from this study because of the inability of many deep sea carriers to separate the disbursement for workmen's compen sation coverage of vessel personnel from aggregate outlays for blanket protection and indemnity insurance policies which cover many contingencies in addition to work connected injuries or illness. Nevertheless, to permit comparison of data presented in this bulletin with that published in other bulletins in this series (see list in the back), and to present a more complete picture of compensation in the water transportation industries, approxi mations of the magnitude of these payments were made and are presented in footnotes. For all employees in the water trans portation industry, these estimated payments amounted to about 17 cents an hour of working time, resulting in an estimate of total compensation outlays of $4. 47 per 1964 hour of working time, including supplements to straight-time pay for working time which accounted for 36 percent ($1.63) of the total. 2 See scope and method of survey (appendix B) for defi nition of industrial coverage of the survey. 1 Chart 1. The Structure of Compensation, Water Transportation Industry, 1964 (Expenditures per paid hour) $0.54 P rem ium paym ents P riv a te w elfare p la n s 7 I \ $0.15 \ le g a lly '' req u ire d \ in s u ra n c e P a y fo r \ p r o g r a m s le a v e \ S tim e \ \ $0.03 T e rm in a l p a y m e n ts , and n o n p r o d u c t i o n bo n u s e s Employer expenditures for the compensation of— All employees Compensation practice Water transpor tation industries Deep sea carriers Inland carriers Stevedoring firms Water transpor tation industries Operating employees___________ ________ Nonoperating employees Deep sea carriers Stevedoring firms Water transpor tation industries Deep sea carriers Inland carriers Inland carriers Stevedoring firms Percent of compensation Total expenditures----------------------- 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 . 0 100.0 100.0 Straight-time pay for working tim e -------- 65.9 57.2 81.1 70.8 58.7 53. 5 79.7 70. 3 78. 2 74. 6 83. 1 76. 4 Supplementary compensation----------------Paid directly to workers 1----------------Expenditures in addition to payroll2 ---- 34. 1 16.9 17.2 42.8 22. 4 20.4 18.9 10.4 8 .5 29.2 12.4 16.8 41. 3 46. 5 24. 3 22 . 2 20.3 29.7 12.3 17.4 21 . 8 11 . 6 10.2 25. 4 13.9 11. 5 16.9 8. 6 8. 3 23. 6 12 . 2 11.4 21 .8 19. 5 11.8 8 .5 Per paid hour Total expenditures------------------------- $4.13 $4.22 $3.07 $4. 70 $4. 12 $4. 15 $2. 74 $4. 79 $4. 19 $4. 59 $3. 19 $4. 06 Straight-time pay for working tim e ---------- 2. 72 2.41 2. 48 3.32 2.56 2 .2 2 2. 19 3. 37 3.26 3.41 3. 15 3.09 Supplementary compensation-----------------Paid directly to workers1------------------Expenditures in addition to payrollc ------ 1.41 .70 . 71 1.81 .95 . 59 . 33 .26 1.38 . 59 . 79 1.56 .82 .74 1.93 . 55 . 32 .23 1. 42 . 59 .83 .93 . 50 .43 1 . 18 . 65 . 53 . 64 . 32 . 32 .97 .50 .47 .8 6 1 .0 0 .93 Per hour of working time Total expenditures------------------------- $4.30 $4.41 $3. 24 $4.83 $3.92 $4. 29 $2. 90 $4. 88 $4. 56 $5.09 $3.98 $4. 42 Straight-time pay for working tim e ---------- 2.81 2.52 2 . 62 3. 42 2. 30 2. 30 2.31 3. 42 3. 56 3.80 3. 31 3. 37 Supplementary compensation-----------------Paid directly to workers 1 -----------------Expenditures in addition to payroll 2 ------ 1.46 . 72 .74 1.89 .99 .90 .62 . 34 .28 1.41 .60 .81 1.62 1.99 1.04 .95 . 59 . 34 .25 1. 46 . 60 . 86 1 .0 0 1.29 . 71 . 58 . 67 . 34 . 33 1.05 . 54 . 51 .8 6 .76 . 54 .46 1 Includes leave payments, premium payments, nonproduction bonuses, and terminal payments made by the employer directly to employees. 2 Includes legally required insurance programs (except workmen's compensation and related programs) and private welfare plans. 4 E xp en ditu res for su p plem en tary com pen s a t i o n p r a c t i c e s in the w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y a c c o u n t e d f o r 34 p e r c e n t of a l l e m p l o y e r d i s b u r s e m e n t s d u r i n g 1964 f o r the c o m p e n s a t i o n of h i r e d l a b o r . 6 T h i s r a t i o w a s s u b s t a n t i a l l y h i g h e r than that w h ich p r e v a i l s in o t h e r i n d u s t r i e s an d e x c e e d s the e s t i m a t e d p r o p o r t i o n of s u p p l e m e n t s to t o t a l o u t l a y s in the p r i v a t e n o n f a r m e c o n o m y (20—25 p e r c e n t ) b y a w ide m a r g i n . 7 N e v e r t h e l e s s , the p r o p o r t i o n of c o m p e n s a t i o n a c c o u n t e d f o r b y p a y s u p p l e m e n t s in the w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , a s in a l l o t h e r s e c t o r s of the e c o n o m y , v a r i e s by i n d u s t r y s e g m e n t an d e m p lo y e e g r o u p . S u p p l e m e n t a r y o u t l a y s of i n la n d c a r r i e r s — a c c o u n t in g f o r 19 p e r c e n t of t h e i r t o t a l c o m p e n s a t i o n e x p e n d i t u r e s , 20 p e r c e n t of c o m p e n s a t i o n f o r v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l , a n d 17 p e r c e n t f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s — m o r e c l o s e l y fo l l o w e d the n ation w id e p a t t e r n than t h o s e of s t e v e d o r i n g f i r m s o r d e e p s e a c a rrie rs. A b ou t 30 p e r c e n t of the c o m p e n s a t i o n o u t l a y s of s t e v e d o r i n g f i r m s and 43 p e r c e n t of t h o s e of d e e p s e a c a r r i e r s w e r e fo r pay su p p le m e n ts. In e a c h of t h e s e two se g m e n ts , su p plem en ts fo r o p erating e m p l o y e e s (a b o u t 30 a n d 47 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t iv ely ) c o n s t i t u t e d a m u c h g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n of t h e i r t o t a l c o m p e n s a t i o n than s i m i l a r ou t l a y s f o r n o n o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s (a b o u t 24 and 25 p e r c e n t ) . Th e two m o s t i m p o r t a n t e l e m e n t s of s u p p le m e n ta ry co m p e n satio n for op eratin g e m p l o y e e s in 1964 w e r e p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p la n s and p r e m i u m p a y m e n t s — the f o r m e r a c c o u n t ing f o r a l m o s t 7 p e r c e n t of in la n d v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s c o m p e n s a t i o n , 11 p e r c e n t f o r l o n g s h o r e m e n , a n d 22 p e r c e n t f o r d e e p s e a v e s s e l p e rso n n e l; p re m iu m p aym en ts fo r each group, r e s p e c t i v e l y , a c c o u n t e d f o r a b o u t 5, 13, and 19 p e r c e n t . A lth o u g h p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p la n e x p e n d i t u r e s w e r e the m o s t i m p o r t a n t e l e m e n t of p a y s u p p l e m e n t s f o r the i n d u s t r y ’ s 8 As indicated in footnote 1, expenditures for occupational injury and illness programs required under State and Federal laws is estimated to have increased the proportion of compensation accounted for by pay supplements to 36 percent. To a large although unknown extent, supplementary com pensation outlays for all water transportation employees and for vessel personnel are skewed upward because of the impact of penalty and special rates (extra payments) paid vessel personnel for specified work tasks performed during and outside regular hours. The inclusion of these extra payments to vessel em ployees, which when made may equal or exceed the regular rate of pay in the premium pay category, constitutes a substantial broadening of the survey definition of premiums (see appendix C). This extension of the survey definition for vessel employees premiums was necessitated by the recordkeeping practices of the industry. To the extent that premium pay for vessel employees exceeds the more stringent survey definition, straight-time pay for working time is understated. 7 Strasser, Arnold, "The Changing Structure of Compen sation," Monthly Labor Review, September 1966, pp. 954-955. o f f i c e f o r c e ( c o n s t it u t in g 7 p e r c e n t of t h e i r c o m p e n s a t i o n a n d a m o u n ti n g to 32 c e n t s p e r w o r k in g h o u r ) , p a i d l e a v e (6 .9 p e r c e n t — 31 cents) w as a lm o s t a s g r e a t. P rem iu m pay m e n t s to o f f i c e w o r k e r s a c c o u n t e d f o r on ly 1.5 p e r c e n t of t h e i r c o m p e n s a t i o n — a b o u t h a l f that a c c o u n t e d f o r b y n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s (3 .2 p e r c e n t — 14 c e n t s an h o u r ) , and b y the leg ally re q u ired in su ran ce p ro g r a m s (e x c lu d in g w o r k m e n ’ s c o m p e n s a t i o n ) . C o m p e n s a t i o n e x p e n d i t u r e s of s t e v e d o r e s and in la n d c a r r i e r s w h o s e o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s w e r e c o v e r e d b y u n io n c o n t r a c t g r e a t l y e x c e e d e d (by 20 and 40 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t i v e l y ) t h o s e of t h e i r nonunion c o u n t e r p a r t s . 8 The c o m p e n s a t i o n p a t t e r n f o r u n i o n iz e d o f f i c e e m p lo y e e s, e x c ep t those em ployed by deep s e a c a r r i e r s , w a s qu ite d i f f e r e n t f r o m th a t of the o p eratin g p e r s o n n e l. C o m p e n sa tio n fo r office e m p l o y e e s of s t e v e d o r i n g f i r m s an d in la n d c a r r i e r s , w h e r e none o r a m i n o r i t y of the w o r k e r s w e re c o v e r e d by co lle ctiv e b a r g a i n i n g a g r e e m e n t s , e x c e e d e d th a t f o r o f f i c e w o rk e rs em ploy ed by f ir m s w here a m a jo r ity w e re c o v e r e d by co lle ctiv e b a rg ain in g a g r e e m e n t s . T h e e x t e n t of the d i f f e r e n t i a l b e t w e e n e x p e n d i t u r e s of u nion a n d nonunion f i r m s , h o w ev er, v a r ie d sign ifican tly betw een th e se two t y p e s of f i r m s — in la n d c a r r i e r s h a v i n g m a j o r i t y b a r g a i n i n g a g r e e m e n t s s p e n t $ 3 .9 5 an h o u r — t h e i r nonunion c o u n t e r p a r t s d i s b u r s i n g $4; u n o r g a n i z e d s t e v e d o r i n g f i r m s h a d e x p e n d i t u r e s of $ 4 .8 3 a n h o u r — a b o u t o n e t h i r d m o r e th a n c a r g o h a n d lin g f i r m s w h o s e o f f i c e f o r c e s w e r e c o v e r e d b y m a j o r i t y agre e m ents. D e e p s e a c a r r i e r s , w h ose office sta ffs w e re c o v e r e d by m a jo r ity b a rg a in in g s i t u a t i o n s , h a d s o m e w h a t h i g h e r o u t l a y s ($5.36 a n ho ur) than did nonunion f i r m s ($ 5 . 0 6 ) . P r e v a l e n c e of P a y S u p p l e m e n t s V irtually all w ater tran sp o rtatio n e m p l o y e e s w o r k e d f o r f i r m s that h a d e x p e n d i t u r e s , d u r i n g 1964, f o r l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d i n s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s , and m o s t w e r e e m p l o y e d b y c o m p a n i e s th a t h a d o u t l a y s f o r p r e m i u m s , le a v e tim e , and p riv a te w e lfa r e p la n s. The p r e v a l e n c e of e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r s u p p l e m e n t a r y co m p e n satio n p lan s, h o w ev er, v a rie d s ig n if i c a n t l y b y e m p l o y e e g r o u p and i n d u s t r y segm ent. The terms union and nonunion are used here for clarity. Union firms include those companies in which a majority of nonsupervisory employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements. The discussion here deliberately omits reference to deep sea vessel employees, since all of them worked for firms in which a majority of the nonsupervisory vessel employees were covered by collective bargaining agreements. Chart 2. Level of Compensation, by Industry Segment and Employee Group, Water Transportation Industry, 1964 E xp en ditures per paid hour E xp en d itu res per $5.00 p a id hour $5.00 4 .5 0 - 4.50 4.00 - 4.00 3.50 3.00 3.50 - 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 .50 0 All O p e r a t i n g N on ope rat ing W a t e r tr a n s p o r ta tio n CD S u p p le m en ts CD All in d u stry Straight-tim e O perating N o n o p e ra tin g Deep pay for sea working shipping tim e All O p e r a t i n g Non op e ra tin g In la n d shipping All O p e r a t i n g N o n o p e r a t i n g S te v e d o rin g 6 Percentage 1 of wodcers employed by firms with expenditures for— Legally required insurance programs Premium pay Paid leave time Nonpro duction bonuses Terminal pay All employees---------------------- ------------- 94 93 70 29 100 ^97 Deep sea vessel personnel--------------- ------------Inland vessel personnel------------------ ------ -----Longshoremen----------------------------- —........... — 100 60 77 56 13 36 55 18 100 100 100 100 7 Nonoperating employees----------------- - ............. — Deep sea carriers--------------------- ------------Inland carriers------------------------- ------------Stevedoring firms--------------------- ------------- 77 96 54 69 40 47 25 34 15 23 100 100 100 100 71 99 93 55 86 100 91 99 1 Private welfare plans 91 100 88 100 73 93 1 Unless otherwise noted, the percentages used throughout this report apply to all workers in the group cited that were employed by firms that actually had an expenditure for the practice, and not the proportion receiving the payment. C o m p o s i t i o n of P a y r o l l H o u r s W ork in g t im e a c c o u n t e d f o r 96 p e r c e n t of a l l h o u r s p a i d f o r in 1964 by w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e m p l o y e r s . P a i d v a c a t i o n t im e c o n s t i t u t e d m o r e than h a l f of a l l p a id l e a v e h o u r s (the r e m a i n i n g 4 p e r c e n t of a l l p a id h o u r s ) ; h o l i d a y s , s i c k l e a v e , and c i v i c and p e r s o n a l l e a v e h o u r s a c c o u n t e d f o r the o t h e r p a id leav e h o u rs. P aid leav e h o u rs w ere a p a r tic u la r ly s m a l l p a r t of p a y r o l l h o u r s f o r l o n g s h o r e m e n and d e e p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l (2 an d 3 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t i v e l y ) . T h i s w a s due m a i n l y to the m o r e p r e v a l e n t p r a c t i c e of p r o v i d i n g v a c a t i o n s f o r t h e s e w o r k e r s t h ro u g h e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s to v a c a t i o n and h o l i d a y fu n d s r a t h e r than by d i r e c t p a y r o l l o u t l a y s . P aid l e a v e h o u r s c o m p r i s e d 6 p e r c e n t of a l l p a i d h o u r s f o r in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l and 8 p e r c e n t of a l l p a i d h o u r s f o r o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s . Industry C h a r a c t e r is t ic s In 1964 a b o u t 5 out of 11 w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t io n e m p l o y e e s w o r k e d f o r s t e v e d o r i n g f i r m s ; o n e - t h i r d of the i n d u s t r y ' s w o r k f o r c e w a s e m p l o y e d b y d e e p s e a c a r r i e r s , and a b o u t o n e - f if t h by in la n d c a r r i e r s . O p e r a t in g p e r so n n e l, in the i n d u s t r y a s a w h o le, a c c o u n t e d f o r a b ou t 82 p e r c e n t of to ta l e m p l o y m e n t . The r a t i o of o p e r a t i n g to n o n o p e r a t i n g e m p lo ye es, how ever, v a rie d c o n s id e ra b ly am on g ind ustry se g m e n ts . L o n g sh o re m e n accounted f o r m o r e than 90 p e r c e n t of a l l s t e v e d o r i n g e m p l o y e e s , and v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l a c c o u n t e d f o r a b o u t f o u r - f i f t h s of a l l w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d by d e e p s e a c a r r i e r s , but only a b o u t twot h i r d s of t h o s e e m p l o y e d by in la n d c a r r i e r s . C o m p e n s a t i o n o u t la y s w e r e d i v i d e d a m o n g the i n d u s t r y ' s t h r e e s e g m e n t s in p r o p o r t i o n s wh ich d i f f e r e d s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m t h e ir e m p l o y m e n t r e l a t i o n s h i p . A b o u t h a l f of a l l 1964 c o m p e n s a t i o n o u t la y s b y w a t e r t r a n s po rtatio n co m p a n ie s w e re m ade by deep se a sh ip p in g c o m p a n i e s ; s t e v e d o r i n g c o m p a n i e s a c c o u n t e d f o r 37 p e r c e n t an d in la n d s h ip p in g c o m p a n i e s m a d e up 15 p e r c e n t of a g g r e g a t e c o m p e n s a t i o n e x p e n d i t u r e s in the i n d u s t r y . A ll d e ep s e a v e s s e l e m p lo y e e s , p r a c t i c a l l y a l l l o n g s h o r e m e n , a n d a b o u t h a l f of a l l in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l w o r k e d f o r c o m p a n i e s in w h ich a m a j o r i t y of the n o n s u p e r v i s o r y e m p l o y e e s w e r e c o v e r e d by u nion c o n t r a c t s . C o l l e c t i v e l y , m o r e th a n 90 p e r c e n t of a l l o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s in the w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y w o r k e d f o r u n i o n iz e d f i r m s . O ffic e w o r k e r s , u n lik e the o p e r a t i n g p e r s o n n e l , g e n e r a l l y w e r e not r e p r e s e n t e d b y the u n i o n s . Only 20 p e r c e n t of a l l o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s w o r k e d f o r f i r m s in w h ic h a m a j o r i t y of the n o n s u p e r v i s o r y o f f i c e w o r k e r s w e r e c o v e r e d b y u nion c o n t r a c t s . A m o n g the t h r e e i n d u s t r y s e g m e n t s , a b o u t o n e - t e n th of the d e e p s e a c a r r i e r s o f f i c e f o r c e , o n e - f o u r t h of t h o s e e m p l o y e d by in la n d c a r r i e r s , a n d o n et h i r d of the s t e v e d o r i n g o f f i c e s t a f f w o r k e d f o r f i r m s in w h ic h c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g a g r e e m e n t s c o v e r e d a m a j o r i t y of the w orkers. In g e n e r a l , the w o r k in g a r e a of m o s t office w o r k e r s em p lo y e d by w a te r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n f i r m s i s not n o t a b l y d i f f e r e n t f r o m th a t of o f f i c e w o r k e r s in o t h e r i n d u s t r i e s . The w o r k in g e n v i r o n m e n t and c o n d it i o n s of e m p l o y m e n t of o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s in the w a t e r tra n sp o rta tio n industry, how ever, is c o n sid e r a b l y d i f f e r e n t f r o m that of m o s t o t h e r A m eric an w o rk ers. T h i s uniqu en ess has g i v e n r i s e to s p e c i a l p r a c t i c e s w h ich v a r y a m o n g the d i f f e r e n t s e g m e n t s of the w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y an d r e f l e c t the s p e c i a l c i r c u m s t a n c e s i n h e r e n t in e a c h . D e e p S e a S h i p p i n g . A ll d e e p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l w o r k e d f o r c o m p a n i e s in w h ic h a m a j o r i t y of the n o n s u p e r v i s o r y o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s w e r e u n i o n iz e d . T h e s e f i r m s , h o w e v e r , n e g o t i a t e with a n u m b e r of u n i o n s , e a c h 7 of wh ich b a r g a i n s f o r a d i f f e r e n t g r o u p of em ploy ees. L i c e n s e d and u n l i c e n s e d p e r so n n e l a r e p r a c t i c a l l y a l w a y s r e p r e s e n t e d by s e p a r a t e u n i o n s , and in a d d it i o n , d i f f e r e n t u n io n s often r e p r e s e n t l i c e n s e d and u n l i c e n s e d p e r s o n n e l in the d e c k , e n gin e r o o m , s t e w a r d ' s , an d o t h e r d e p a r t m e n t s . N e v e r t h e l e s s , t h e r e a r e m a n y s i m i l a r i t i e s in the v a r io u s co n tra c tu a l a g r e e m e n t s co n cern in g w a g e s , h o u r s , a n d w o r k in g c o n d it i o n s . In g e n e r a l , l i c e n s e d an d u n l i c e n s e d s e a m e n a r e p a i d a t v a r y i n g m o n t h ly b a s e r a t e s w h ich a r e d e p e n d e n t , a m o n g o t h e r f a c t o r s , on the " p o w e r t o n n a g e " ( s u m of the g r o s s to n n a g e and h o r s e p o w e r ) of the v e s s e l , a n d the m a r i t i m e d i s t r i c t in w h ich the c o m p a n y i s h e a d q u a r t e r e d o r the d i s t r i c t in w h ich the sh ip r e g u l a r l y s a i l s . S e a g o in g p e r s o n n e l a r e r e g u l a r l y s c h e d u le d to w o r k a n 8 - h o u r , 7 - d a y w e e k a t s e a and an 8 - h o u r , 5 - d a y w e e k in p o r t . Dayw o r k e r s (t h o se th a t do not s t a n d w a t c h e s ) a r e g e n e r a l l y s c h e d u l e d to w o r k 40 h o u r s a w e e k a t s e a a s w e l l a s in p o r t . O v e rtim e p r e m i u m s (o fte n f l a t h o u r l y r a t e s ) a r e p a id f o r w o r k in e x c e s s of 8 h o u r s in 1 d a y and f o r w o r k on S a t u r d a y s , S u n d a y s , and s p e c i f i e d h o lid ay s. A lth ou g h p r e m i u m p a y i s e a r n e d f o r S a t u r d a y , S u n d ay , a n d h o l i d a y w o r k — w a t c h t e n d e r s r e g u l a r l y w o r k s u c h d a y s when at se a . 9 In a d d it io n to t h e ir r e g u l a r w a g e s , sh ip p e r s o n n e l a r e p a id p e n a l t y r a t e s often e q u a l to or g r e a t e r than t h e i r b a s e r a t e s f o r p e r fo rm in g obn oxiou s, o n e ro u s, or u n p le asan t t a s k s 10 o r d u t i e s o th e r th a n n o r m a l l y p e r f o r m e d w ithin the r e g u l a r l y s c h e d u l e d w o r k period. S e a g o i n g p e r s o n n e l g e n e r a l l y do not r e c e i v e p a y f r o m t h e i r e m p l o y e r f o r t i m e not w o r k e d (o th e r th an when i l l a b o a r d sh ip ). H o w e v e r , if t h e i r s h ip i s in p o r t on a s p e c i f i e d h o li d a y , th e y m a y g e t the d a y off with p a y . In s p i t e of the g e n e r a l a b s e n c e of h o l i d a y s an d v a c a t i o n s , a s c o m m o n l y u n d e r s t o o d in m o s t o t h e r e m p l o y m e n t s i t u a t i o n s , v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l do r e c e i v e p a y f o r s u c h t i m e . 9 The monthly base rates specified in major west coast contracts, unlike those pertaining to the east coast, include remu neration for woik on Saturdays and Sundays. For detailed infor mation about negotiated base wages, supplemental rates of pay, employer contributions to private welfare funds, and other ele ments of labor cost, see: United States Department of Commerce, Maritime Administration, Seafaring Wage Rates, Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Districts, June 1967 (Report No. MAR-750-1), U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. , 1967. For example: cleaning bilges, removing soot from smoke stacks, cleaning fuel tanks, going ashore to take lines, chipping paint when not part of regular duties, etc. T h ese p aym en ts r e s u lt fr o m em p lo y e r c o n tri b u tio n s to s p e c i a l f u n d s th a t w e r e e s t a b l i s h e d th ro u g h c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g f o r th is p u r pose. A n u m b e r of o t h e r p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p la n s th a t a r e fu n d e d by e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t io n s a l s o e x i s t in the i n d u s t r y . A lth o u g h the p la n b e n e f i t s v a r y , th e y g e n e r a l l y p r o v i d e r e t i r e m e n t i n c o m e , d i s a b i l i t y p a y , lif e and h e a lt h i n s u r a n c e , and v a r i o u s t y p e s of b e n e fits fo r dependen ts. In a d d it i o n , e m p l o y e r s p r o v i d e f o o d and l o d g in g to the e m p l o y e e s — u s u a l l y on b o a r d s h ip , but when r e p a i r s o r o th e r c i r c u m s t a n c e s r e q u i r e the c r e w to liv e off sh ip , c a s h a l l o w a n c e s (w hich w e r e e x clu d e d f r o m t h i s st u d y a s w a s the v a l u e of o n b o a r d p e r q u i s i t e s ) a r e p a i d . 11 D eep se a v o y a g e s take v e s s e l p e rso n n e l a w a y f r o m la n d an d o ften f a r f r o m t h e i r h o m e p o r t f o r e x t e n d e d p e r i o d s of t i m e . If a s e a m a n sh o u ld b e c o m e i l l o r be i n j u r e d in the s e r v i c e of the sh ip , h i s e m p l o y e r i s o b l i g a t e d u n d e r the t e r m s of the F e d e r a l E m p l o y e r s L i a b i l i t y A c t an d b y n e g o t i a t e d a g r e e m e n t to p r o v i d e the n e c e s s a r y m e d i c a l c a r e . L i m i t e d c a r e i s u s u a l l y a v a i l a b l e a b o a r d s h ip . H o w e v e r , s e r io u s illn e s s or in ju ry m a y re q u ir e that the s e a m a n be h o s p i t a l i z e d in a f o r e i g n p o r t . In s u c h c a s e , the e m p l o y e r , u n d e r the " m a i n t e n a n c e and c u r e " p r o v i s i o n s of m a r i t im e la w and u nion c o n t r a c t s , p r o v i d e s t r e a t m e n t and m a i n t e n a n c e p a y to the e m p l o y e e a n d , when the e m p l o y e e h a s s u f f i c i e n t l y r e c o v e r e d h i s h e a lt h , b r i n g s h i m b a c k to the U nited S t a t e s 12 w h e r e the s a i l o r i s e l i g i b l e f o r m e d i c a l , h o s p i t a l , an d d e n t a l c a r e t h ro u g h the M a r i n e H o s p i t a l S e r v i c e of the U n ited S t a t e s P u b l ic H e a l t h S e r v i c e . In land S h i p p i n g . 13 The in la n d sh ip p in g s e g m e n t of the w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y i n c l u d e s f i r m s o p e r a t i n g on the G r e a t L a k e s , the M i s s i s s i p p i R i v e r s y s t e m , the i n t r a c o a s t a l w a t e r w a y , and f i r m s o p e r a t i n g f e r r i e s , t u g s , c h a r t e r s e r v i c e s , and o th e r h a r b o r re late d s e r v ic e s. C o m p en satio n p r a c t ic e s fo r G r e a t L a k e s v e s s e l e m p lo y e e s c lo s e ly r e s e m b le those for The survey definition of compensation excludes employer expenditures which do not provide employees with income subject to Federal withholding taxes or economic security against a future contingency. The value of perquisites and the allowances in lieu of perquisites for vessel personnel are not subject to Federal withholding taxes and were, therefore, excluded from the study. *2 All employer outlays for medical treatment, hospital ization, maintenance pay, and repatriation were excluded from this study. See footnote 1 for details. For additional information about the pay practices in this segment of the water transportation industry, see Appendix Vol ume IV to the Report of the Presidential Railroad Commission, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. , 1962, pp. 146-153 and 171-191. 8 deep se a v e s s e l p erson n el. H ow ever, n a v ig a tion on the G r e a t L a k e s i s s e a s o n a l in n a t u r e , an d s e a m e n often r e m a i n with the s a m e sh ip fo r an e n tire s e a so n . T o e n c o u r a g e th is p r a c t ic e , so m e n egotiated a g r e e m e n t s p rovide f o r the p a y m e n t of a 10 p e r c e n t b o n u s ( b a s e d on w a g e s e a r n e d d u r i n g the c o n t r a c t y e a r ) to t h o s e v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s who r e m a i n with t h e ir sh ip until l a y o f f a t the end of the n a v i g a t io n s e a s o n . V irtually a ll G re a t L a k e s s e a m e n w o r k f o r u n io n iz e d f i r m s . H o w e v e r , s o m e of the u n io n s that n e g o t i a t e c o n t r a c t s f o r G r e a t L a k e s s a i l o r s a r e not p r i m a r i l y m a r itim e unions. P a y p r a c t i c e s f o r v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s on t o w b o a ts o p e r a t i n g on the M i s s i s s i p p i —Ohio R iv e r s y s t e m g e n e ra lly d iffer fr o m those fo r d e e p s e a and G r e a t L a k e s v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l . T o w b o a t p e r s o n n e l u s u a l l y w o r k s e v e n 12h o u r d a y s a w e e k and g e n e r a l l y s t a y with the tow b o a t f o r 30 or 45 d a y s a t a t i m e . A l l o w a n c e f o r t im e off u n d e r t h e s e c i r c u m s t a n c e s i s d i f f i c u l t to h a n d le in ro u t in e f a s h i o n , and a p r a c t i c e known a s s w in g t i m e h a s e v o l v e d . E m p l o y e e s t y p i c a l l y r e c e i v e 1 d a y off with p a y f o r e a c h d a y w o r k e d . 14 In a d d it io n to sw in gtim e, m o s t e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e r e g u la r vacation s, a lth o u g h an i n c r e a s i n g n u m b e r g e t p a y in l i e u of the e x t r a t im e off. A bout h a l f of the e m p l o y e e s ( m a i n l y in the l a r g e r c o m p a n i e s ) in th is i n d u s t r y a r e u n io n iz e d . V e s s e l p e r s o n n e l in the i n t r a c o a s t a l and l o c a l w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n s e g m e n t s of the i n d u s t r y a r e l a r g e l y u n o r g a n i z e d , e x c e p t on the w e s t c o a s t , and p a y p r a c t i c e s v a r y f r o m c o m p a n y to c o m p a n y . h a v e p r e f e r e n c e o v e r t h o s e w ith l e s s s e n i o r i t y or only a c a s u a l a t t a c h m e n t to the i n d u s t r y . 15 The l o n g s h o r e h i r i n g s y s t e m and p r o c e d u r e s , c o n d it i o n s of e m p l o y m e n t , and c o m p e n s a t i o n p r a c t i c e s a r e d e t a i l e d in c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g a g r e e m e n t s and in s o m e p o r t s by the r u l e s and r e g u l a t i o n s of p o r t a u th o r itie s. In 1964, p r a c t i c a l l y a l l l o n g s h o r e m e n w ere c o v e r e d by co lle ctiv e b a rg a in in g a g r e e m e n t s . H o w e v e r , d i f f e r e n t u n io n s b a r g a i n on the e a s t a n d w e s t c o a s t s , and a g r e e m e n t s for e a s t c o a s t p o rts a r e g e n e ra lly negotiated on a p o r t b y p o r t b a s i s . N o t w it h s t a n d in g the v a r i a t i o n s in the a g r e e m e n t s c o v e r i n g the d i f f e r e n t a r e a s , the s a m e b a s i c p r i n c i p l e s , m o d i f i e d to m e e t l o c a l n e e d s , a r e found in all c o n tra cts. If w o r k i s not a v a i l a b l e , p a y i s g u a r a n t e e d in m o s t l o n g s h o r e a g r e e m e n t s . In g e n e r a l, lo n g sh o re m e n a r e paid p r e m iu m r a t e s f o r w o r k p e r f o r m e d b e f o r e or a f t e r s p e c i f i e d h o u r s or d u r i n g m e a l p e r i o d s a s w e ll a s f o r o v e r t i m e , w e e k e n d , an d h o l i d a y w o r k . A s m a l l p r o p o r t i o n of l o n g s h o r e w o r k e r s a r e e m p l o y e d in s o m e p o r t s w h e r e d i f f e r e n t i a l s a r e p a id f o r night sh if t w o r k . S k il l d i f f e r e n t i a l s a r e p a i d to l o n g s h o r e m en (e .g ., boom m en, b u lld o zer o p e r a to r , g a n g b o s s , h a t c h t e n d e r , w in ch d r i v e r , e t c .) th a t p e r f o r m f u n c t i o n s s p e c i f i c a l l y e n u m e r a t e d in the n e g o t i a t e d a g r e e m e n t s . In a d d i tio n, p e n a l t y c a r g o r a t e s a r e p a i d to l o n g s h o r e m e n who w o r k on d e s i g n a t e d c a r g o ( e . g . , e x p l o s i v e s , e t c .) o r who w o r k u n d e r a d v e r s e c o n d it i o n s ( e . g . , in c r a m p e d s p a c e ) . These p e n a l t y r a t e s , w hich a r e in a d d it i o n to the b a s e w a g e p lu s s p e c i f i e d d i f f e r e n t i a l s , r a n g e up to m o r e than $1 a n h o u r . S te v e d o rin g . L o n g sh o re em ploym en t, un lik e a l m o s t iTI o th e r r e g u l a r e m p l o y m e n t s i t u a t i o n s in the U n ited S t a t e s e c o n o m y , i s a l w a y s t e m p o r a r y in n a t u r e an d often l a s t s for o n l y l d a y at a tim e. Longshorem en a r e g e n e r a l l y h i r e d d a y - b y - d a y t h ro u g h a s h a p e - u p s y s t e m , m o d i f i e d in m a n y p o r t s , so th a t m e n who r e g u l a r l y w o r k l o n g s h o r e P aid leav e fo r lo n g sh o re m e n is u su a lly p r o v i d e d t h ro u g h v a c a t i o n and h o l i d a y f u n d s r a t h e r than t h r o u g h p a y r o l l e x p e n d i t u r e s ; and p r o v i s i o n s f o r union h e a lt h and w e l f a r e f u n d s , f in a n c e d by e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s , a r e c o n t a in e d in a l l l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t s . In a d d it i o n , s o m e b a r g a i n i n g a g r e e m e n t s p r o vide f o r e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s to a u t o m a tio n f u n d s . 14 For purposes of this study, all such wages were considered to have been paid for hours worked, i. e. , the days off with pay were not added to vacation pay or vacation hours. Thus, some longshoremen regularly work for the same employer, and through prehiring procedures, do not have to shapeup for the next day's woik. T a b le 1. E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu re s fo r S u p p le m e n ta ry C o m p e n sa tio n P r a c t i c e s , W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n In d u stry , 1964 A ll c o m p a n ie s E m p lo y e e g ro u p and ty p e o f co m p an y T o ta l co m p e n sa tio n S tra ig h ttim e pay fo r w o rk ing tim e P re m iu m p a y m e n ts P a y fo r le a v e tim e C o m p a n ie s w ith e x p e n d itu r e s fo r p a y su p p le m e n ts B o n u se s T e r m in a l pay L e g a lly r e q u ir e d in su r a n c e p rogram s P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p la n s P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts P a y fo r le a v e tim e B o n u se s T e r m in a l pay L e g a lly r e q u ir e d in su r a n c e p rog ram s P r iv a te w e lfa r e p la n s P e r c e n t of c o m p e n s a tio n A ll e m p l o y e e s -------- 100. 0 65. 9 13. 0 3. 1 0. 7 0. 1 3. 7 13. 5 13. 6 3. 3 1. 1 0. 2 3. 7 13. 7 D ee p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l Inlan d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l ---L o n g s h o r e m e n ----------------- 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 53. 5 79. 7 70. 3 21. 5 6. 6 10. 9 2. 7 4. 2 1. 3 . 1 1. 0 . 1 n (M ( L) 3. 5 4. 0 4. 2 18. 7 4. 5 13. 2 21. 6 8. 6 11. 0 4. 4 5. 3 2. 6 1. 6 2. 7 . 3 . 2 6. 6 n 3. 5 4. 0 4. 2 18. 7 4. 8 13. 3 N o n o p e ra tin g e m p lo y e e s -D eep s e a c a r r i e r s ------Inlan d c a r r i e r s ----------S te v e d o rin g f i r m s -------- 100. 100. 100. 100. 77. 74. 83. 76. 6. 8. 4. 6. 3. 4. 1. 2. . 2 . 3 (l ) . 1 3. 3. 3. 3. 2. 0 .9 3. 7 2 .9 7. 1 8. 4 5. 2 6 .9 5. 6. 4. 5. . 1. . . 3. 3. 3. 3. 0 0 0 0 8 6 1 4 1. . 2. 2. 5 8 1 4 9 4 9 8 2 4 6 9 2 0 6 1 7. 8. 4. 8. 2 5 7 3 8 6 1 3 8 0 2 5 2 0 6 1 7. 8. 5. 8. 7 5 5 8 C e n ts p e r p a id h our A ll e m p l o y e e s -------- $ 4 . 13 $ 2 . 72 $0. 54 $ 0 . 13 $ 0 . 03 (l ) $ 0 . 15 $ 0 . 56 $ 0 . 58 $ 0 . 14 $ 0 . 04 $ 0 . 01 $ 0 . 15 $ 0 . 57 D eep s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l Inlan d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l ---L o n g s h o r e m e n ----------------- 4. 15 2. 74 4. 79 2. 22 2. 19 3. 37 .8 9 . 18 . 52 . 11 . 11 . 06 (*) . 03 . 01 (J) . 15 . 11 . 20 . 78 . 12 . 63 .8 9 . 27 . 53 . 18 . 15 . 12 . 02 . 07 . 01 . 01 . 16 n . 15 . 11 . 20 . 78 . 14 . 63 N o n o p e ra tin g e m p lo y e e s — D eep s e a c a r r i e r s -----Inlan d c a r r i e r s ----------S te v e d o r in g f i r m s -------- 4. 4. 3. 4. 3. 3. 3. 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 19 59 79 06 26 41 15 09 06 04 08 10 . . . . 29 39 18 28 13 20 06 12 (l) $ 0 . 01 . 02 (l ) (l ) 14 14 14 13 30 39 18 34 08 04 13 11 30 39 20 28 25 29 17 26 . . . . 03 05 01 02 14 14 14 13 33 39 23 36 C e n ts p e r h o ur of w o rk in g tim e A ll e m p l o y e e s -------- $ 4 . 30 $ 2 . 84 $0. 56 $ 0 . 13 $ 0 . 03 (M $ 0 . 16 $ 0 . 58 $ 0 . 60 $ 0 . 14 $ 0 . 05 $ 0 . 01 $ 0 . 16 $ 0 . 59 D eep s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l Inlan d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l ---L o n g s h o r e m e n ----------------- 4. 29 2. 90 4. 88 2. 30 2. 31 3. 42 . 92 . 19 . 53 . 12 . 12 . 06 (*) . 03 . 01 (l ) . 15 . 12 . 21 . 80 . 13 . 65 .9 2 . 28 . 54 . 18 . 16 . 12 . 03 . 07 . 01 . 01 . 16 (l ) . 15 . 12 . 21 .8 2 . 15 . 65 N o n o p e ra tin g e m p lo y e e s — D eep s e a c a r r i e r s -----Inlan d c a r r i e r s ---------S te v e d o rin g f i r m s -------- 4. 5. 3. 4. 3. 3. 3. 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 09 98 42 53 80 31 37 07 04 08 11 31 43 19 30 1 L e s s th an 0. 05 p e r c e n t o r o n e -h a lf cen t. N O TE: B e c a u s e of ro u n d in g , su m s of in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a l s . . . . . 14 22 07 13 n (i ) $ 0 . 01 . 02 (l ) n 15 15 14 14 32 43 19 37 09 04 14 12 32 43 21 30 28 33 18 28 . . . . 04 05 01 02 15 15 14 14 36 43 24 39 Chapter 2. Vessel Personnel w h o s e e x p e n d i t u r e s a m o u n t e d to l e s s th a n $ 3 a p a i d h o u r . In g e n e r a l , d e e p s e a c o m p a n i e s l o c a t e d on the w e s t c o a s t h a d h i g h e r c o m p e n s a t i o n o u t l a y s ( $ 4 . 5 4 a w o r k in g h o u r ; $ 4 . 4 5 a p a i d hour) th a n did e a s t c o a s t f i r m s ( $ 4 . 26 a w o r k in g ho u r; $ 4 . 12 a p a i d h o u r). These d i f f e r e n c e s w e r e m o s t l y the r e s u l t o f h i g h e r l e v e l s of s t r a i g h t - t i m e a n d p r e m i u m p a y m e n t s on the w e s t th a n o n the e a s t c o a s t . I n t r o d u c t io n In 1964, e x p e n d i t u r e s of w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e m p l o y e r s f o r t h e c o m p e n s a t i o n of v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l a m o u n t e d to $ 3 .9 2 a n h o u r— 59 p e r c e n t o f w h ich w a s s t r a i g h t - t i m e p ay f o r w o r k in g t i m e , a n d 41 p e r c e n t ( e q u iv a le n t to 70 p e r c e n t o f s t r a i g h t - t i m e pay) w a s f o r p ay su p p lem en ts. The le v e l and str u c tu r e of total o u t l a y s o f d e e p s e a sh ip p in g f i r m s ( $ 4 . 2 9 a n hour) a n d in la n d c a r r i e r s ( $ 2 . 9 0 ) f o r t h e i r v e s s e l p erson n el, how ever, w ere e s se n tia lly different. T h e $ 1 . 3 9 d i f f e r e n c e in o u t l a y s of t h e s e two t y p e s o f f i r m s w a s p r i m a r i l y the r e s u l t of v a r y i n g l e v e l s of s u p p l e m e n t a r y e x p e n d itu r e s— p rin c ip a lly for p r e m iu m s and p riv a te w e lfa r e p la n s— a s s t r a ig h t - t im e pay f o r d e e p s e a a n d in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l w a s the s a m e ( $ 2 . 3 0 —$ 2 . 3 1 a n h o u r ) . 16 S u p p le m e n tary c o m p e n sa tio n expenditures f o r d e e p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l a m o u n t e d to $ 1 . 9 9 a n h o u r 17— a l m o s t 3 . 5 t i m e s g r e a t e r than f o r in la n d v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s (59 c e n t s ) . O u tl a y s f o r p r e m i u m s a n d p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p l a n s f o r v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l w e r e the m a j o r e l e m e n t s of s u p p l e m e n t a r y c o m p e n s a t i o n in both s e g m e n t s . H o w e v e r , p r e m i u m p a y m e n t s to d e e p s e a s a i l o r s (92 c e n t s a n hour) w e r e 5 t i m e s that f o r in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l , a n d p r i v a t e w e l f a r e o u t l a y s of d e e p s e a c a r r i e r s (80 c e n t s ) w e r e 6 t i m e s g r e a t e r th a n t h o s e o f in la n d f i r m s (13 c e n t s ) . E x p e n d i t u r e s o f d e e p s e a a n d i n la n d c a r r i e r s f o r m o s t of the o t h e r s u p p l e m e n t a r y p a y p r a c t i c e s w e r e a b o u t the s a m e , a lth o u g h t h e s e o u t l a y s a c c o u n t e d f o r su b sta n tia lly d ifferen t p ro p o rtio n s of total e x p e n d i t u r e s in e a c h s e g m e n t . S e v e n - e i g h t h s of the d e e p s e a s a i l o r s w o r k e d f o r sh ip p in g f i r m s w h o se o u t l a y s f o r co m p e n sa tio n of v e s s e l p erso n n el ra n g ed b e tw e en $ 3 a n d $ 5 a p a id h o u r . S o m e in la n d c a r r i e r s had o u t l a y s o f the s a m e m a g n i t u d e --but s l i g h t l y m o r e th an h a l f (5 4 p e r c e n t ) of the in la n d v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s w o r k e d f o r f i r m s Percent of vessel personnel by type of firm and region, water _____transportation, 1964____ Total compensation (company expenditures per paid hour) All em ployees---------Under $ 1 . 60 $ 1 . 80 $2 . 00 $2. 20 $2. 40 $2 . 60 $2. 80 $3. 00 $3. 20 $3. 40 $3. 60 $3. 80 $4. 00 $4. 20 $4. 40 $4. 60 $4. 80 $5. 00 $5. 20 100 100 100 _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - 3 - - - 3 - - - 1 17 2 Inland shipping 100 10 8 6 8 - 10 20 1 11 16 3 3 4 9 9 - 3 4 - 8 8 8 6 4 13 14 13 15 4 7 18 7 1 - 2 47 8 8 6 16 3 6 8 - - 1 2 11 7 2 ( ') (*) Less than 0. 5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100 . A l l d e e p s e a a n d a b o u t h a l f the in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l w o r k e d f o r f i r m s in w h ich co llectiv e b argain in g a g re e m e n ts c o v e r e d all o r a m a j o r i t y o f the v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s . C o m p e n s a t i o n o u t l a y s of u n io n iz e d i n la n d e m p l o y e r s a m o u n t e d to $ 3 . 3 4 a n h o u r— a b o u t 38 p e r c e n t m o r e th an w a s e x p e n d e d by f i r m s in w h ich none o r a m i n o r i t y o f the e m p l o y e e s w e r e c o v e r e d by n e g o t i a t e d a g r e e m e n t s ($ 2 .4 1 ). S tr a ig h t - t im e pay and pay s u p p le m e n t s w e r e h i g h e r in u n io n iz e d f i r m s than in u n o r g a n i z e d c o m p a n i e s . S u p p l e m e n t s in o r g a n iz e d co m p a n ie s accoun ted for a b o u t 23 p e r c e n t o f a l l o u t l a y s — a b o u t a t h i r d m o r e th a n in nonunion f i r m s w h e r e s u p p l e m e n t a r y p a y c o n s t i t u t e d a b o u t 16 p e r c e n t of co m pe n satio n . 16 Expenditures for legally required workmen's compensation for all vessel personnel are estimated to amount to 17 cents an hour— 22 cents for deep sea vessel personnel and 6 cents for inland water vessel employees. Total compensation, including these estimates, amounts to $4.09 for all vessel personnel, $4.51 for deep sea, and $2.96 for inland vessel employees. 17 These expenditures are among the highest in the United States and exceed those of manufacturing employers by a wide margin. See Employer Expenditures for Selected Supplementary Compensation Practices for Production and Related Workers; Com position of Payroll Hours; Manufacturing Industries, 1962 (BLS Bulletin 1428, 1965). Although the manufacturing data are for a period 2 years previous to that for water transportation, and the definition of premium pay used in this study (see footnote 6 ) is different from that used in the manufacturing study, the general izations presented are considered to be valid. $1. 60-----------------and under $ 1. 80 -----and under $2 . 0 0 -----and under $2 . 2 0 -----and under $2. 40 -----and under $2. 60-----and under $2 . 8 0 -----and under $3. 0 0 -----and under $3. 20-----and under $3. 4 0 -----and under $3. 60 -----and under $3. 8 0 -----and under $4. 0 0 -----and under $4. 20-----and under $4, 4 0 -----and under $4. 60-----and under $4. 80 -----and under $5. 0 0 -----and under $5. 20-----or m ore--------------- Deep sea shipping East West All coast coast 10 11 Chart 3. The Structure of Compensation, Vessel Personnel, Water Transportation Industry, 1964 (Expenditures per paid hour) DeepSea Vessel Employees Inland Vessel Employees T erm in a l p aym ents a n d n o n p r o d u c t i o n bo n u s e s 12 P r e v a le n c e of P a y Su pp lem en ts In 1964, a l l v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s w o r k e d f o r f i r m s th a t h a d e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r one o r m o r e legally re q u ired insuran ce p ro g ra m s; m o re t h a n f o u r - f i f t h s w o r k e d f o r c o m p a n i e s that had e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r o v e r t i m e p r e m i u m s , h e a lt h i n s u r a n c e , a n d p e n s i o n a n d r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s ; a n d m o r e th a n t h r e e - f i f t h s w e r e e m p lo y e d by f i r m s h a v in g e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r p a id v a c a t i o n s a n d f o r v a c a t i o n a n d h o li d a y f u n d s . E x p e n d itu r e s fo r other su p p le m e n ta ry pay p r a c t i c e s w e r e m a d e by f i r m s e m p l o y i n g l e s s th a n o n e - f if t h of a l l v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l . A lm o st all deep se a c a r r i e r c o m p an ie s had ex p en d itu res fo r o v e rtim e p r e m iu m s ; w h e re a s, p rem iu m expen ditures w ere m uch l e s s f r e q u e n t in the in la n d v e s s e l s e g m e n t of the i n d u s t r y . O th e r d i f f e r e n c e s in p r a c t i c e s r e s u l t e d l a r g e l y f r o m d i f f e r e n c e s in d e g r e e s of u n i o n iz a t io n . C o lle ctiv e b arg ain in g a g r e e m e n ts betw een deep se a c o m p a n ie s and m a r i t i m e u n io n s r e q u i r e e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s f o r l i f e , a c c i d e n t , a n d h e a lt h i n s u r a n c e p la n s ; pen sion and re t ir e m e n t p lan s; and v a c a tio n a n d h o lid a y f u n d s . In the in la n d s e c t o r , w h e r e u n i o n iz a t io n i s not u n i v e r s a l , a s m a l l e r p rop ortio n of w o r k e r s w ere em ploy ed by com p a n i e s that had e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r t h e s e p r a c t i c e s . H o w e v e r , i n la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l w e r e m o r e l i k e l y to be e m p l o y e d by a c o m p a n y that m ad e d ire c t p ay m en ts fo r le a v e tim e and non p rodu ction b o n u s e s— su ch p ay m en ts re p la c in g the v a c a t i o n a n d h o li d a y fund e x p e n d i t u r e s of u n i o n iz e d c o m p a n i e s . P rem iu m Pay P r e m i u m p a y m e n t s 18 f o r o v e r t i m e , w e e k e n d , h o li d a y , a n d p e n a l t y w o r k a c c o u n t e d f o r n e a r l y o n e - f if t h of a l l c o m p e n s a t i o n e x p en d itu re s m a d e by w ater c a r r i e r s and w e re the l a r g e s t s u p p l e m e n t to v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l ' s s t r a i g h t - t i m e p a y f o r w o r k in g t i m e . These e x p e n d i t u r e s a m o u n t e d to 73 c e n t s a n h o u r, s u b s t a n t i a l l y h i g h e r than f o r a n y o f the o t h e r g r o u p s o f e m p l o y e e s s t u d ie d . P r e m iu m pay fo r deep se a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l a m o u n t e d to 92 c e n t s a n h o u r— e q u a l to 40 p e r c e n t of t h e i r s t r a i g h t - t i m e p ay r a t e . T h e s e p a y m e n t s w e r e 10 c e n t s a n h o ur h i g h e r on the w e s t c o a s t than on the e a s t c o a s t . N e v e r t h e l e s s , due to the h i g h e r l e v e l of c o m p e n s a t i o n on the w e s t c o a s t , the r a t i o o f p r e m i u m p a y to s t r a i g h t - t i m e p a y w a s the s a m e on both c o a s t s . In land v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l r e c e i v e d a m u c h l o w e r a m o u n t (19 c e n t s ) o f p r e m i u m p ay than did d e e p s e a v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s , a l t h o u g h p r e m i u m p a y w a s the l a r g e s t s u p p l e m e n t to s t r a i g h t - t i m e p a y f o r bo th g r o u p s o f e m p l o y ees. A lth o u g h 78 p e r c e n t o f d e e p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l w o r k e d in c o m p a n i e s with p r e m i u m p a y e x p e n d i t u r e s o f a t l e a s t 15 p e r c e n t of c o m p e n s a t i o n , on ly 11 p e r c e n t o f in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l w o r k e d in s u c h c o m p a n i e s . Pre m i u m p a y a m o u n t e d to 6. 6 p e r c e n t of c o m p e n s a t i o n f o r i n la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l a n d w a s e q u a l to 8 p e r c e n t of s t r a i g h t - t i m e p a y m e n t s f o r w o r k in g t i m e . N o n p r o d u c t io n B o n u s e s a n d T e r m i n a l P aym ents E m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u ses a n d te r m in a l p aym en ts com bined a m o u n t e d to a b o u t 1 c e n t a n h o u r . Exp en di t u r e s f o r n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s , w h ic h a c c o u n te d f o r p r a c t i c a l l y t h e e n t i r e o u t la y , a m o u n t e d to 1 c e n t a n h o ur f o r a l l v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s , but w e r e m a r k e d l y d i f f e r e n t b e t w e e n the two s e g m e n t s of the s h ip p in g i n dustry. B o n u se s w ere lo w est fo r deep se a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l who r e c e i v e d only o n e - t e n t h o f one p e r c e n t ( l e s s th an 1 c e n t p e r hour w o rk e d ) o f t h e i r c o m p e n s a t i o n in t h i s f o r m , w h e r e a s f o r in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l (3 c e n t s ) , they c o n s t i t u t e d 1 p e r c e n t of a l l c o m p e n s a t i o n . T h e h i g h e s t e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s w e r e found in u n i o n iz e d c o m p a n i e s o p e r a t i n g in the N o r th C e n t r a l r e g i o n , w h e r e n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s in f i r m s h a v i n g s u c h exp en d itu res accoun ted fo r about 4 p ercen t of c o m p e n s a t i o n (1 3 .6 c e n t s ) . A m a j o r f a c t o r l e a d i n g to t h is l e v e l of e x p e n d i t u r e , the h i g h e s t in the w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y , w a s the c o n t r a c t u a l a g r e e m e n t c o v e r i n g v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l of G r e a t L a k e s sh ip p in g c o m p a n i e s th a t p r o v i d e d f o r a b o n u s of 10 p e r c e n t o f w a g e s e a r n e d d u r i n g the c o n t r a c t y e a r to e m p l o y e e s who w e r e on duty b e f o r e A u g u s t 1 a n d r e m a i n e d on duty u ntil l a i d off a f t e r the c l o s e of the s h ip p in g s e a s o n . P a i d L e a v e 19* E m p lo y e r e x p en d itu res fo r paid leav e for v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s a m o u n t e d to 12 c e n t s a n h o u r— 3 p e r c e n t of a l l c o m p e n s a t i o n e x p e n d i tures. P a y fo r le a v e constituted a l a r g e r Paid leave, as defined in this study, excludes holiday pay for vessel personnel. Most vessel employees do not receive pay for holidays not worked as the work routine on-board ship usually pre cludes the granting of time off on holidays. Nevertheless, contrac tual agreements in both the deep sea and inland segments of the in dustry generally provide that hours worked on designated holidays are to be paid for as premium overtime hours. These contracts fur ther provide that if the vessel is in port, those crew members who can be spared from shipboard duties be given the holiday off. The premiums paid for holiday hours are integral components of pre pay. The hours of and pay for holiday hours worked (which 18 The definition of premium pay for vessel personnel mium in could not be segregated from hours worked and base wages as re this study is slightly different from that used for other employee corded in the aggregate records of the shipowners) were treated in groups in the water transportation and other industries. For detail, this study as hours of and pay for working time. see footnote 6 . 13 p ro p o rtio n of a ll co m p e n sa tio n e x p e n d itu re s f o r in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l (4. 2 p e r c e n t ) th a n fo r deep se a v e s s e l p erso n n el ( 2. 7 p ercen t), but e x p e n d i t u r e s by b oth g r o u p s o f e m p l o y e r s a m o u n te d to 12 c e n t s a w o r k in g h o u r . P aid V a c a tio n s . M o r e th a n 90 p e r c e n t of all em p lo y e r e x p e n d itu re s fo r paid le a v e w e re for v a c a t i o n s . T h ese expen ditures (11 c e n t s a n hour) c o n s t i t u t e d 2. 8 p e r c e n t o f a l l c o m p e n s a t i o n f o r v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l , o r the equivalen t of about 7 d a y s ’ pay p e r e m p lo y e e. E x p e n d i t u r e s o f i n l a n d f i r m s (11 c e n t s ) a c c o u n t e d f o r 3. 9 p e r c e n t o f c o m p e n s a t i o n f o r t h e ir v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l ; t h o s e of d e e p s e a e m p l o y e r s (w hich a l s o a m o u n t e d to 11 c e n t s a w o rk in g hour) a c c o u n t e d f o r on ly 2. 5 p e r c e n t o f t h e ir c o m p e n s a t i o n o u t l a y s . M o st c o m p a n i e s , e s p e c i a l l y d e e p s e a c a r r i e r s , that did not m a k e d i r e c t p a y m e n t s to e m p l o y e e s f o r v a c a t i o n s , a s w e ll a s m a n y th a t did, c o n t r i b u t e d to fu n d s f r o m w h ich p a y m e n t s w e r e m a d e to v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l f o r - o r i n - l i e u - o f v a c a t i o n t i m e off. 20 W ate r c a r r i e r s ' t o t a l v a c a t i o n e x p e n d i t u r e s p lu s t h e i r c o n t r i b u t i o n s to v a c a t i o n an d h o li d a y fun ds w e r e 3 V3 t i m e s l a r g e r than e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r d i r e c t p a y m e n t s to w o r k e r s for vacation s. T h e se com bined exp en ditures (37 c e n t s a n hour) c o n s t i t u t e d 9 . 4 p e r c e n t o f a l l c o m p e n s a t i o n , a n d w e r e e q u i v a l e n t to a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 3 V2 d a y s ' p ay p e r e m p l o y e e . A lth ou g h p a y r o l l e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r p a i d v a c a t io n s by inland e m p l o y e r s w e r e e q u i v a l e n t to m o r e v a c a t i o n d a y s th an t h o s e of d e e p s e a c a r r i e r s , deep se a em p lo y e rs' expen ditures f o r d i r e c t a n d fun ded v a c a t i o n p a y m e n t s a p p r o x i m a t e d 26 V2 d a y s of p a i d l e a v e f o r e a c h e m p l o y e e ; t h o s e o f in la n d e m p l o y e r s w e r e e q u i v a l e n t to on ly a b o u t 10 d a y s of p a i d l e a v e fo r each v e s s e l em ployee. V a c a t i o n p a y m e n t s m a d e by e m p l o y e r s d i r e c t l y to t h e i r e m p l o y e e s w e r e h i g h e r in in la n d c o m p a n i e s in w h ich none o r a m i n o r i t y o f the n o n s u p e r v i s o r y v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s w e r e c o v e r e d by union c o n t r a c t s than in u n io n iz e d in la n d o r d e e p s e a f i r m s . V a c a t i o n e x p e n d i t u r e s by nonunion in la n d c o m p a n i e s t h a t m a d e s u c h p a y m e n t s a m o u n t e d to 26 c e n t s a n h o u r— tw ic e that of the u n i o n iz e d c o m p a n i e s (13 c e n t s ) . On the o t h e r han d, u n i o n iz e d c o m p a n i e s had s u b s t a n t i a l l y l a r g e r fun ded o u t l a y s than u n o r g a n i z e d f i r m s — p r a c t i c a l l y none of w h ich had a n y o u t l a y s f o r v a c a t i o n a n d h o lid a y f u n d s . S ick L e a v e and O ther P a id L e a v e . E m p lo y e rs s p e n t re la tiv ely s m a l l a m o u n t s d u rin g 1964 f o r e m p l o y e e s * s i c k l e a v e and c i v i c an d p e r s o n a l l e a v e . 21 E x p e n d i t u r e s f o r both t y p e s of l e a v e a m o u n t e d to l e s s than 2 c e n t s an h o u r w o r k e d . No c o m p a n y r e p o r t e d h a v in g sp e n t a s m u c h a s 15 c e n t s an hour fo r th e se types of le a v e fo r th e ir v e s sel em ployees. L e g a lly R equ ired In su ran ce P r o g r a m s In 1964, e m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d i n s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s a m o u n t e d to 14 c e n t s a n h o u r o r 3. 6 p e r c e n t o f a l l c o m p e n s a t i o n o u t l a y s f o r v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l . 22 S o c i a l s e c u r i t y a c c o u n t e d f o r a b o u t 60 p e r c e n t of t h e s e e x p e n d i t u r e s , a n d S t a t e a n d F e d e r a l unem ploym en t c o m p e n sa tio n in su ra n c e a c co u n ted f o r the b a l a n c e . 23 E x p e n d i t u r e s f o r these i t e m s , r e s p e c t i v e l y , a m o u n t e d to 8 c e n t s and 6 c e n t s a n ho ur w o r k e d . L e g a lly r e q u i r e d in su ra n c e paym en ts m a d e u p 4 p e r c e n t of a l l c o m p e n s a t i o n o u t l a y s by e m p l o y e r s o f in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l , a s l i g h t l y h i g h e r p r o p o r t i o n than f o r e m p l o y e r s of d e e p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l , w h o se le g a lly r e q u i r e d in su ra n c e p aym en ts a c co u n ted f o r 3. 5 p e r c e n t o f c o m p e n s a t i o n o u t l a y s . H o w e v e r , b e c a u s e o f the o v e r a l l h i g h e r l e v e l of c o m p e n s a t i o n in the d e e p s e a s e c t o r 21 Deep sea employers reported payments, related to sick leave, which were made to seagoing personnel under "maintenance and cure" provisions of union contracts. These expenditures, how ever, are part of their workmen's compensation outlays which were excluded from this study. See footnote 1 for detail. 22 In general, legally required programs are funded on the basis of a rate applied against a specified maximum of each em ployee's earnings. For example: In 1964 the employer's rate of contribution for social security was 35/ 8 percent of the first $4,800 of each employee's annual earnings. T h e se d a t a , a s n o te d p r e v io u s ly , e x c lu d e e m p lo y e r o u t la y s made under the provisions of workmen's compensation and related State and Federal laws. If data on employer payments for work men's compensation and related programs had been available and included in the compensation statistics, an estimated 8 percent of all compensation expenditures would have been for legally required insurance programs, and all expenditures for legally required in surance programs would be distributed as follows: 56 percent for workmen's compensation, 26 percent for social security, 18 percent for unemployment compensation insurance, and less than 1 percent for other legally required insurance programs. 23 For 1964, employers in all but 9 States were taxed for Federal unemployment compensation at a rate of 0 .4 percent of payroll. A rate of 0. 7 percent was paid in California, Delaware, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, and West Virginia. Alaska had a rate of 0. 85 percent. In all States, the tax applied only to the first $3,000 paid to an employee. 20 Only 15 percent of the deep sea and 49 percent of the Tax rates for State unemployment compensation varied. inland vessel employees received vacation pay directly from their Employers in a few States were required to contribute towards employers (see table 16 for detail). In general, many of those that did receive such payments were supervisory employees or State temporary disability insurance covering their employees. These payments, which are included in the total but not presented employees whose shipboard function was not directly related to the separately, were inconsequential components of compensation. operation of the vessel. 14 of the i n d u s t r y , d e e p s e a e m p l o y e r s did s p e n d m o r e (15 c e n t s ) p e r ho ur w o r k e d f o r l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d i n s u r a n c e s th an in la n d e m p l o y e r s (12 c e n t s ) . P r iv a t e W elfare P la n s In 1964, n e a r l y 16 p e r c e n t o f v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l ' s c o m p e n s a t i o n p r o v i d e d t h e m with p r o t e c t i o n a g a in s t v a r io u s co n tin ge n c ie s a n d /o r ev e n tu alities. T h is high l e v e l of e x p e n d i t u r e f o r p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p la n s p r i m a r i l y r e f l e c t s l a r g e e x p e n d i t u r e s by e m p l o y e r s of d eep s e a v e s s e l p e rso n n e l. E x p e n d itu r e s for p riv a te w e lfa r e p lan s fo r d eep s e a e m p lo y e e s a m o u n t e d to 80 c e n t s a n h o u r a n d c o n s t i t u t e d 1 8 .7 p e r c e n t o f t h e ir c o m p e n s a t i o n — s i m i l a r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l a m o u n t e d to 13 c e n t s a n h o u r--- 4. 5 p e r c e n t o f c o m p e n s a t i o n . S l ig h t ly o v e r 80 p e r c e n t of a ll deep se a v e s s e l p erso n n el w orked for c o m p a n i e s w h o s e p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p la n e x p e n d i t u r e s a m o u n t e d to m o r e than 15 p e r c e n t of c o m p e n s a t i o n ; none of the in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l w o rk e d f o r c o m p a n i e s whose p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p la n e x p e n d i t u r e s w e r e th at l a r g e . The s t r u c t u r e a s w e ll a s the m a g n i t u d e of p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p l a n s w a s n o ta b ly d i f f e r e n t f o r d e e p s e a a n d in la n d v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s . E m p l o y e r s spend m o r e fo r v a c a tio n and h o li d a y fu n d s f a r d e e p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l th a n f o r a n y o t h e r p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p la n . T h e i r c o n t r i b u t i o n s to t h e s e fu n d s a c c o u n t e d f o r 43 p e r c e n t o f a l l e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r p r i v a t e w e lfa r e p lan s fo r deep s e a p e rso n n e l. The o t h e r c o m p o n e n t s of p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p la n s f o r w h ich d e e p s e a e m p l o y e r s h a d e x p e n d i t u r e s w e r e : p e n s i o n a n d r e t i r e m e n t p la n s (5. 6 p e r cent of total co m p e n satio n ); life , acc id en t, a n d h e a lt h i n s u r a n c e (4. 3 p e r c e n t ) ; s a v i n g s a n d t h r i f t p l a n s (0. 5 p e r c e n t ) ; s e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y a n d S U B fu n d s ( 0 . 2 p e r c e n t ) ; a n d a u t o m a t i o n fu n d s ( l e s s than 0. 1 p e r c e n t ) . In c o n t r a s t , n e a r l y a l l e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p l a n s f o r in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l w e r e e i t h e r f o r l i f e , a c c i d e n t , a n d h e a lt h in s u ra n c e p lan s or fo r p en sion and re t ir e m e n t p lan s. E a c h of th e se p lan s acc o u n ted for a b o u t h a l f o f a l l p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p la n e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r in la n d v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s . E xp en di t u r e s f o r p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p la n s f o r in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l in u n io n iz e d c o m p a n i e s c o n s t i t u t e d a b o u t tw ic e a s l a r g e a p r o p o r t i o n o f a l l c o m p e n s a t i o n e x p e n d i t u r e s a s t h o s e in nonunion c o m p a n i e s , a n d w e r e 3 t i m e s l a r g e r when m e a s u r e d in c e n t s p e r h o u r. L i f e , A c c i d e n t , a n d H e a lth I n s u r a n c e . E m p lo y e r ex p en d itu res fo r life , a cc id e n t, and h e a lt h i n s u r a n c e p la n s f o r v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l a c c o u n t e d f o r 3. 9 p e r c e n t of a l l c o m p e n s a t i o n e x p e n d i t u r e s a n d a m o u n t e d to 15 c e n t s a n hour. E x p en ditures for deep se a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l (4. 3 p e r c e n t of a l l c o m p e n s a t i o n o u t l a y s — 18 c e n t s a n hour) w e r e s o m e w h a t higher than the i n d u s t r y w i d e a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s expen ditures fo r i n l a n d v e s s e l p erson n el (6 c e n t s ) w e r e c o n s i d e r a b l y l o w e r th a n the o v erall a v e ra g e . Exp en ditures for deep se a v e s s e l p e rso n n el w e r e a b o u t the s a m e on the e a s t c o a s t a n d the w e s t c o a s t when m e a s u r e d on a c e n t s - p e r - h o u r b a s i s . H o w e v e r , w ide d i f f e r e n c e s e x i s t e d in the p r o p o r t i o n o f e m p l o y e e s found in e a s t a n d w e s t c o a s t c o m p a n i e s in w h ich l i f e , a c c i d e n t , a n d h e a lt h i n s u r a n c e p la n s w e r e p a i d f o r p a r t l y by e m p l o y e e c o n tributions. On the e a s t c o a s t , a b o u t 20 p e r c e n t of a l l d e e p s e a v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s w o r k e d f o r c o m p a n i e s with c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s ; the o t h e r 80 p e r c e n t w e r e e m p l o y e d by f i r m s with n o n c o n t r ib u t o r y p l a n s . On the w e s t c o a s t , the p r o p o r t i o n s w e r e r e v e r s e d , a b o u t 20 p e r c e n t w o r k e d f o r c o m p a n i e s with n o n c o n t r ib u t o r y p l a n s a n d a b o u t 80 p e r c e n t f o r c o m p a n i e s with c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s . On the e a s t c o a s t , e x p e n d i t u r e s o f e m p l o y e r s with c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s a m o u n t e d to 9 c e n t s a p a i d h o u r; in t h o s e c o m p a n i e s w ith n o n c o n t r ib u t o r y p l a n s , o u t l a y s w e r e m o r e th a n t w i c e a s h ig h (20 cents). Expen diture p attern s w ere m a rk e d ly d i f f e r e n t on the w e s t c o a s t . Exp en ditures a m o u n t e d to 19 c e n t s a n h o ur in c o m p a n i e s with c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s a n d 15 c e n t s in c o m p a n i e s with n o n c o n t r ib u t o r y p l a n s . F o r t y p e r c e n t o f a l l i n la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l w o r k e d f o r c o m p a n i e s that h a d c o n t r i b u t o r y l i f e , a c c i d e n t , a n d h e a lt h i n s u r a n c e p l a n s ; 51 p e r c e n t w o r k e d f o r c o m p a n i e s that had n o n c o n t r ib u t o r y p l a n s ; a n d t h e o t h e r 9 p e r c e n t w o r k e d f o r c o m p a n i e s th a t h a d no p la n . T h e r e w e r e no s i g n i f i c a n t d i f f e r e n c e s in the l e v e l of e x p e n d i t u r e s b e t w e e n c o m p a n i e s that had c o n t r i b u t o r y l i f e , a c c i d e n t , a n d h e a lt h i n s u r a n c e p l a n s , a n d c o m p a n i e s that had n o n c o n t r ib u t o r y p l a n s . P e n sio n and R e tire m e n t P l a n s . F iv e p e r c e n t of a l l 1964 e x p e n d i t u r e s by w a t e r c a r r i e r s f o r the c o m p e n s a t i o n o f v e s s e l p e r s o n n el w e r e f o r p e n s i o n a n d r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s . A ll deep s e a v e s s e l p e rso n n e l w ere e m p lo y e d by c o m p a n i e s h a v in g s u c h p l a n s , but a l m o s t h a l f the in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l w o r k e d f o r c o m p a n i e s th a t did not h a v e a p e n s i o n a n d r e t i r e m e n t p la n . O u tl a y s by e m p l o y e r s of d e e p s e a v e s s e l p e rso n n e l for p en sio n and re t ir e m e n t p lan s m a d e up 5.6 p e r c e n t of t o t a l c o m p e n s a t i o n a n d 15 r a n g e d b e t w e e n 1 a n d 11 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l c o m p e n s a t io n ; 44 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s w e r e e m p l o y e d by c o m p a n i e s w h o s e e x p e n d i t u r e s c o n s t i t u t e d 5 to 6 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l c o m p e n s a t io n . When d i v i d e d a m o n g t o t a l w o r k in g h o urs, exp en ditures fo r a ll deep se a v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s a m o u n t e d to 24 c e n t s a n h o u r . E m p l o y e e s in c o m p a n i e s with p la n s that did not r e q u i r e a n e m p l o y e e c o n t r i b u t i o n o u t n u m b e r e d t h o s e in c o m p a n i e s with c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s by a r a t i o o f a b o u t 9 to 1. E m p l o y e r s s p e n t a b o u t 15 p e r c e n t o r 3 c e n t s a n h o ur m o r e f o r n o n c o n t r ib u t o r y p l a n s th a n f o r c o n trib u to ry p la n s. P r a c t ic e s and exp en d itu res in e a s t a n d w e s t c o a s t c o m p a n i e s w e r e sim ilar. E x p en d itu res fo r p en sion and r e tire m e n t p l a n s f o r in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l a m o u n t e d to 11 c e n t s p e r p a i d hour o r 3 . 4 p e r c e n t o f a l l c o m p e n s a t i o n o u t l a y s in c o m p a n i e s th a t had e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r t h i s i t e m . T h is w as about on e-h alf a s m u ch an hour a s equivalen t exp en ditures for deep se a p e rso n n e l. P e n sio n a n d r e t i r e m e n t p la n e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l in c o m p a n i e s w i t h s u c h p l a n s w e r e a b ou t t w ic e a s h igh a n h o u r in u n io n iz e d c o m p a n i e s a s in nonunion c o m p a n i e s . N on contributory p lan s w e re four t im e s a s c o m m o n a s c o n t r i b u t o r y p la n s f o r in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l , but e x p e n d i t u r e s w e r e s i m i l a r f o r both t y p e s o f p l a n s . V a c a t i o n an d H o lid a y F u n d s . E m ployer e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r v a c a t i o n a n d h o li d a y fu n d s w e r e h i g h e r than f o r a n y o t h e r p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p lan , a n d w e r e 2 V2 t i m e s g r e a t e r than t h e i r d i r e c t p a y m e n t s to w o r k e r s f o r l e a v e tim e. V i r t u a l l y a l l o u t l a y s w e r e m a d e by d e e p s e a s h ip p in g c o m p a n i e s ; e m p l o y e r s o f in la n d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l h a d p r a c t i c a l l y no e x p en d itu res fo r this ite m . E x p e n d itu r e s fo r v a c a t i o n an d h o lid a y fun ds a c c o u n t e d f o r 8. 1 p e r c e n t o f c o m p e n s a t i o n in the d e e p s e a s e g m e n t o f the i n d u s t r y a n d a m o u n t e d to 35 c e n t s a n h o u r o f w o rk in g t i m e . T h e s e e x p e n d i t u r e s w e r e s u f f i c i e n t to p r o v i d e a b o u t 4 w e e k s o f p a i d l e a v e to a l l d e e p s e a v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s . E x p e n d i t u r e s f o r v a c a t i o n a n d h o lid a y fun ds w e r e e s s e n t i a l l y the s a m e in both e a s t a n d w est c o a st co m p an ie s. S e v e r a n c e o r D i s m i s s a l P ay and SU B F u n d s; S a v in g s and T h rift P la n s; A utom ation Fun ds. E x p e n d i t u r e s f o r t h e s e t h r e e p la n s w e r e q u ite low, due a t l e a s t in p a r t to t h e i r r e l a t i v e r a r i t y in the i n d u s t r y . E x p e n d i t u r e s fo r sa v in g s and th rift p lan s fo r v e ss e l p e r s o n n el a m o u n t e d to 2 c e n t s a n h o ur o f w o rk in g t i m e ; e x p e n d i t u r e s for s e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y a n d S U B fu n d s a m o u n t e d to 1 c e n t a n ho u r; a n d e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r a u t o m a t i o n fun ds a m o u n t e d to l e s s than 1 c e n t a n h o ur of w o r k in g t i m e . Taken to ge th er, expen ditures f o r t h e s e p la n s c o n s t i t u t e d 0.6 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l co m pen satio n . S a v i n g s a n d t h r i f t p la n s a c co u n te d f o r t w o - t h i r d s of the t o ta l; the r e m a i n d e r w a s c o m p o s e d a l m o s t e n t i r e l y of se v e r a n c e or d i s m i s s a l pay and SU B funds. T h e h i g h e s t l e v e l of e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r a n y of t h e s e i t e m s w a s f o r s a v i n g s an d t h r i f t p l a n s in t h o s e few d e e p s e a sh ip p in g c o m p a n i e s that p r o v i d e d s u c h a p la n f o r t h e ir v e s s e l p erson n el. E x p e n d itu r e s for sa v in g s a n d t h r i f t plans in t h e s e c o m p a n i e s c o n s t i t u t e d 3. 2 p e r c e n t of a l l c o m p e n s a t i o n a n d a m o u n t e d to 12 c e n t s a n h o u r o f w o r k in g t i m e . N e a r l y 3 out o f 4 w e s t c o a s t d e e p s e a v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s w o r k e d f o r c o m p a n i e s that c o n t r i b u t e d to a u t o m a t i o n fu n d s d u rin g 1964. H o w e v e r , t h e s e e x p e n d i t u r e s a m o u n t e d to l e s s than 1 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l c o m p e n s a t i o n . 24 No in la n d e m p l o y e r r e p o r t e d e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r a u t o m a t i o n fu n d s o r s e v e r a n c e p a y a n d S U B fu n d s f o r v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l . 24 Most of the companies that made such payments reported making them to the Mechanization and Automation Fund estab lished on the west coast by collective bargaining. Most employers also reported that this fund was discontinued during the middle of 1964. T a b le 2. 0) E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu re s f o r the C o m p e n sa tio n of D eep S e a V e s s e l P e r s o n n e l, by R e g io n s , W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n I n d u str y , 1964 P e r h our P e r c e n t of co m p e n sa tio n W orking tim e P a id fo r C o m p e n s a tio n p r a c t ic e U nited S ta te s E a st C o a st W est C o a st U nited S ta te s E a st C o a st W est C o a st U nited S ta te s E a st C o a st W est C o a st T o ta l e x p e n d itu r e s ----------------------------------- 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 $ 4 . 15 $ 4 . 12 $ 4 . 45 $ 4 . 29 $ 4 . 26 $ 4 . 54 G r o s s p a y m e n ts to w o r k e r s ------------------------------ 77. 8 77. 6 78. 7 $ 3. 22 $ 3 . 20 $ 3 . 51 $ 3. 34 $3. 30 $3. 58 S t r a ig h t - t im e p a y f o r w o rk in g tim e --------------P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts -------------------------------------O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , h o lid a y , and p e n a lty w o r k ------------------------------------------------------ 53. 5 21. 5 5 3 .3 2 1 .4 54. 5 22. 3 2. 22 . 89 2. 20 . 88 2. 44 .9 9 2. 30 .9 2 2. 27 .9 1 2. 49 1 .0 1 2 1 .5 21. 4 22. 3 . 89 . 88 . 99 .9 2 . 91 1 .0 1 P a y fo r le a v e tim e --------------------------------------V a c a tio n s -----------------------------------------------S ic k l e a v e -----------------------------------------------C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e -------------------------- 2. 7 2. 5 .1 (M 2. 8 2. 7 . 1 ('1 ) 1 .8 1 .6 .2 . 11 . 11 .0 1 (M . 12 . 11 . 01 (*> . 08 . 07 .0 1 (X) . 12 . 11 . 01 . 12 . 11 .0 1 ('1 ) . 08 . 07 . 01 (1 ) N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s ---------------------------------T e r m in a l p a y m e n ts -------------------------------------- .1 (X) . 1 (X) . (!) n (l ) .i (1 ) (1 ) (1) (M E x p e n d it u r e s in a d d itio n to p a y r o l l -------------------- 22. 2 22. 4 21. 3 3. 5 2. 1 1. 5 3. 5 2. 1 . 14 L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 2 --------R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e an d p r o t e c t io n -----------U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a t io n -------------------P r iv a t e w e lf a r e p la n s ----------------------------------L i f e , a c c id e n t, and h e a lth in s u r a n c e -------P e n s io n and r e t ir e m e n t p l a n s ------------------V a c a tio n and h o lid a y f u n d s ----------------------S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and S U B f u n d s ---------------------------------------------S a v in g s and th r ift p l a n s ---------------------------A u to m a tio n fu n d s ------------------------------------- 18. 4. 5. 8. 7 3 6 1 .2 .5 (M 18. 4. 5. 8. n 4. 1 2. 1 2 .0 9 3 7 2 17. 2 4. 1 5. 1 7 .9 .2 .5 (1 ) .1 (M (l ) ( !) (x ) (1 ) n .9 2 .9 4 .9 5 .9 6 .9 6 . 15 .0 9 . 06 . 14 . 08 .0 6 . 18 .0 9 .0 9 . 15 .0 9 . 06 . 15 .0 9 .0 6 . 18 . 09 . 09 . . . . . . . . . 76 . 18 . 23 . 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 3 78 18 23 34 . 01 . 02 n 78 18 23 34 . 01 . 02 1 ( ) n .0 1 (M 80 18 24 35 . 01 . 02 (M 1 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t o r o n e -h a lf cent. 2 In c lu d e s o th e r le g a lly r e q u ir e d in su r a n c e p r o g r a m s , p r in c ip a lly S ta te te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e , not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . NO TE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s of in d iv id u a l it e m s m ay not e q u a l to t a ls . 81 18 24 35 . 01 . 02 C) 78 19 23 36 (X) . 01 (M T a b le 3. P e r c e n t D istrib u tio n of D e e p S e a V e s s e l P e r s o n n e l by E m p lo y e r E x p e n d it u r e s fo r S e le c t e d C o m p e n sa tio n P r a c t i c e s , a s a P e r c e n t o f T o t a l E x p e n d it u r e s , W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n In d u str y , 1964 A v e r a g e ex p en d itu re (p e rc e n t of co m p en sa tio n ) C o m p an ie s with A ll e x p e n d itu re s co m p a n ie s fo r the p r a c t ic e P r a c tic e P e r c e n t of e m p lo y e e s in c o m p a n ie s— T o ta l W ith no 1 e x p e n d itu re s U n d er and fo r the p r a c t ic e 1 u n d er 2 With e x p e n d itu re s fo r the p r a c t ic e a s a p e r c e n t of to ta l e x p e n d itu re s 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 and 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 o v er A ll d e e p s e a v e s s e l p e r so n n e l P r e m iu m p a y m e n t s __ ____ ____ ___________ O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , h o lid a y , an d 21. 5 21 . 6 100 ( X) 21. 5 21 . 6 100 (M . . 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 70 24 47 20 2 1 - 1 " - > 24 13 _ _ 23 3 ( X) _ 26 3 12 11 44 7 1 _ 9 3 7 P a y fo r le a v e tim e __ V a c a t i o n s _____ __ _ ---S ic k l e a v e __________ _____________ ___ __ _____ 2. 7 2. 5 . 1 ( i) 4 .4 4. 2 1. 1 . 2 100 100 100 40 41 100 93 40 40 7 7 N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s _______________________ T e r m i n a l p a y m e n t s ______________________ —____ . (') . . 6 2 100 100 87 82 18 3. 5 2. 1 1. 5 3. 5 2. 1 1. 5 100 “ 27 30 48 18. 7 4. 3 5. 6 8. 1 18. 7 4. 3 5. 6 9. 0 100 100 100 100 _ _ 1 2 11 . 2 .5 ( *) 1. 0 100 100 100 81 84 90 . 6 R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e an d p r o t e c t i o n _______ U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a tio n __ __ __ P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p l a n s ___ __ __ ___ __ L if e , a c c id e n t, an d h e a lth i n s u r a n c e ______ P e n s io n an d r e t ir e m e n t p la n s V a c a tio n an d h o lid a y fu n d s _ ____ ____ S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and SIT R f u n d s S a v in g s an d th r ift p la n s A u to m a tio n _ _ ____ fu n d s 1 3. 2 . 1 100 100 86 8 1 1 ( X) 4 ( X) 3 _ _ 1 1 _ 5 7 1 1 - - _ _ _ . 15 2 78 «; 11 0 2 yg 3 _ 1 - _ i 3 - - - - ( X) 3 _ _ 7 _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ 4 2 . _ _ _ 5 1 2 5 4 5 6 - 2 5 3 _ 4 15 6 2 2 2 2 _ 17 2 7 1 2 17 15 35 2 16 6 - - 2 16 - - 6 1 1 _ _ 2 _ 3 3 _ 1 _ _ ( X) 1 8 1 3 _ _ 7 _ _ 2 1 . _ > _ _ _ _ 81 _ _ _ 6 10 D ee p s e a v e s s e l p e r so n n e l em p lo y e d by E a s t C o a s t f ir m s P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts ------O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , h o lid a y , an d p e n a lty w o r k _______________________________ P a y fo r le a v e tim e V a c a tio n s __ __ __ „ Sin k lpa vp C iv ic an d p e r s o n a l le a v e 21. 4 100 2 1 .4 100 “ .8 2. 7 , 1 (*) 5. 0 4. 8 1. 1 100 100 100 100 44 45 87 94 36 36 7 . 1 (*) . 6 . 2 100 100 85 85 9 15 3. 5 2. 1 1. 4 3. 5 2. 1 1. 4 100 100 100 2 ___ ___ N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s T e r m i n a l p a y m e n ts L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 3 _______ R e tir e m e n t in c o m e an d p r o t e c tio n U n e m p lo y m e n t c o m p e n s a tio n P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p l a n s __________________________ L if e , a c c id e n t, and h e a lth i n s u r a n c e ______ P e n sio n an d r e t ir e m e n t p la n s _ V a c a tio n an d h o lid a y fu n d s S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and S T IR f u n d s S a v in g s a n d t h r ift p la n s A u t o m a t io n fu n d s S e e fo o tn o te s a t en d o f ta b le . 21. 4 2 1 .4 18. 9 4. 3 5. 7 8. 2 .2 .5 ( *) . 2 18. 4. 5. 9. _ _ 10 1. 1 100 100 100 80 83 98 _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 17 1 1 _ _ 8 75 6 5 6 6 100 100 100 100 1 6 30 9 3 7 0 3. 3 . 1 _ 3 575 30 49 _ _ _ _ _ 4 7 16 2 2 3 _ 1 26 70 1 20 _ 26 14 _ 2 _ 22 3 ( X) _ 24 2 10 13 42 7 1 _ 10 2 8 6 2 2 _ 18 _ (l > 13 17 39 1 6 84 _ _ _ T a b le 3. P e r c e n t D istrib u tio n o f D eep S e a V e s s e l P e r s o n n e l by E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu r e s fo r S e le c t e d C o m p e n sa tio n P r a c t i c e s , a s a P e r c e n t o f T o ta l E x p e n d it u r e s, W a ter T r a n s p o r t a t io n I n d u str y , 1964— C o n tin u ed A v e r a g e e x p en d itu re (p e rc e n t of co m p e n sa tio n ) C o m p a n ie s with A ll e x p e n d itu re s c o m p a n ie s fo r the p r a c t ic e P r a c tic e P e r c e n t o f e m p lo y e e s in c o m p a n ie s— T o tal W ith no e x p e n d itu re s fo r the p r a c t ic e W ith e x p e n d itu re s fo r the p r a c t ic e a s a p e r c e n t o f to ta l e x p e n d itu re s 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 U nder and 1 u nder 2 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 and 3 4 5 6 7 9 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 over D ee p s e a v e s s e l p e r so n n e l e m p lo y e d by W est C o a s t f ir m s P r e m iu m paym A nfa O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , h o lid a y , an d p e n a lty wotIc P a y fo r le a v e tim e _ ... . . _ .. .... V a c a tio n s Si 1 \rf> C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e ___________________ T e r m in a l p aym p n to R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e and p r o t e c t i o n _________ U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a tio n __ __ ____ P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p la n s __ „ L if e , a r r id e n t , and h ealth in s u r a n c e P pn ainn anil t p H rp m p n t p la n a V a c a tio n an d h o lid a y fu n d s _ _____ S e v e r a n c e o r d i m i s s a l p a y and SU B f u n d s _________________________ _ S a v in g s an d th r ift p la n s _ __ __ ___ 22. 3 23. 0 100 2 7 98 22. 3 23. 0 100 2 7 98 1. 8 1. 6 1. 8 1. 7 1 i ? (; ) (*) 100 100 100 78 84 72 72 7 16 100 6 9 3 15 2 2 _ _ _ 6 34 54 7 32 Q 7 _ 39 19 1 .3 100 58 42 4. 1 2. 1 2. 0 4. 1 2. 1 2. 0 100 100 100 - - - 29 40 71 60 17. 2 4. I 5. 1 1. 9 17. 2 4. 1 5. 1 100 100 100 100 _ _ _ 7 _ 9 _ (‘ ) . 1 (M 1. 6 (l ) i 1) 9. 0 100 100 100 2 16 _ _ _ 90 91 28 10 - 9 - 72 16 _ 59 7 ' _ _ 13 2 - - - - 7 _ _ _ 9 _ _ _ _ 10 _ _ _ _ 10 13 55 - - - 9 _ _' _ _ 2 _ _ . - - - 3 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - _ - 8 82 L e s s th an 0. 05 p e r c e n t o f c o m p e n s a tio n o r 0. 5 p e rc e n t of e m p lo y e e s. E m p lo y e e s w e re d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s : 2 p e rc e n t a t 16 and u nder 17; 2 p e r c e n t a t 18—19; 2 p e rc e n t at 19—20; 5 p e r c e n t a t 2 0 -2 1 ; 15 p e r c e n t a t 21—22; 8 p e r c e n t a t 22—23; 13 p e r c e n t a t 23—24; 1 p e r c e n t a t 24—25; 1 p e r c e n t a t 2 5 -2 6 ; 14 p e rc e n t at 2 6 -2 7 ; 4 p e r c e n t a t 27—28; 6 p e r c e n t a t 28—29; 2 p e r c e n t a t 2 9 -3 0 ; and 3 p e r c e n t a t 30 o r o v e r . 3 In c lu d e s o th e r le g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s , p r in c ip a lly S tate t e m p o r a r y d is a b ility in s u r a n c e , not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . 4 E m p lo y e e s w e re d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s: 5 p e rc e n t a t 16 and u nder 17; 9 p e rc e n t at 17—18; 13 p e r c e n t a t 18—19; 14 p e r c e n t at 1 9 -2 0 ; 17 p e r c e n t a t 20—21; 4 p e r c e n t a t 21—22; 2 p e rc e n t a t 22—23; 15 p e r c e n t a t 25—26; 1 p e r c e n t a t 27—28; and 1 p e r c e n t at 29—30. E m p lo y e e s w e re d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s : 2 p e rc e n t at 16 and under 17; 2 p e r c e n t a t 18—19; 1 p e r c e n t a t 19—20; 4 p e r c e n t a t 20—21; 16 p e r c e n t a t 21—22; 4 p e rc e n t a t 22—23; 14 p e rc e n t a t 23—24; 1 p e r c e n t a t 24—25; 16 p e r c e n t a t 26—27; 4 p e rc e n t at 27—28; 6 p e r c e n t a t 28—29; 2 p e r c e n t a t 29—30; and 3 p e r c e n t a t 30 o r o v e r . 6 E m p lo y e e s w e re d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s: 6 p e rc e n t at 16 and u nder 17; 9 p e r c e n t a t 17—18; 15 p e r c e n t a t 18—19; 10 p e r c e n t at 19—20; 18 p e r c e n t a t 20—21; 5 p e r c e n t a t 21—22; 2 p e r c e n t a t 22—23; 17 p e r c e n t a t 25—26; 1 p e r c e n t a t 27—28; and 1 p e rc e n t at 29—30. E m p lo y e e s w e re d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s : 12 p e rc e n t a t 19 and u nder 20; 13 p e rc e n t a t 20—21; 43 p e r c e n t a t 22—23; 10 p e r c e n t a t 23—24; 9 p e r c e n t a t 25—26; S p e r c e n t a t 27—28; an d3 p e r c e n t a t 30 o r m o r e . 8 E m p lo y e e s w e re d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s : 17 p e rc e n t a t 17 and u n der 18; 55 p e r c e n t a t 1 9 -2 0 ; and 10 p e r c e n t at 20—21. N OTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s of in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u al t o t a l s . T a b le 4. P e r c e n t D istr ib u tio n of D eep S e a V e s s e l P e r s o n n e l, by E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu r e s fo r S e le c t e d C o m p en sa tio n P r a c t i c e s , in C e n ts P e r P a id H o u r, W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n In d u str y , 1964 A v e r a g e ex p en d itu re (in c e n ts p e r h our) P e r c e n t o f e m p lo y e e s in c o m p a n ie s— With e x p e n d itu r e s in c e n ts p e r h o u r of— A ll c o m p a n ie s w ith e x p e n d itu re s f o r the p r a c t ic e T o ta l 4 e x p e n d itu re s fo r the U nder and p r a c t ic e 4 u n der 8 8 12 16 20 24 28 40 32 44 48 ~T T ~ 56 64 60 and 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 o v er A ll d e ep s e a v e s s e l p e r so n n e l P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts O v e r tim e , w eek en d , h o lid a y , and p e n a lty w o rk ----— ---- — ................— $ 0 . 89 $ 0 . 89 100 (l ) - - - - - - 4 (l ) - - 15 - - - 1 - 280 . 89 .8 9 100 ( 1) - - - - - - 4 (l ) - - 15 - - - 1 - 2 80 1 - 1 1 (J) (M (M (M _ - _ - 1 1 5 8 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ 3 3 _ _ _ . . 6 6 14 62 25 43 25 _ 8 _ _ _ . . . (l ) 1 _ 1 3 _ 25 9 - _ 13 1 16 24 2 3 1 9 _ 18 ! _ (M 1 27 27 9 2 _ _ P a y fo r le a v e tim e • V a c a t i o n s ----- — S ic k l e a v e --------C iv ic an d p e r s o n a l le a v e ■ . 11 . 11 . 01 n . . . . 18 17 04 01 100 100 100 100 40 41 86 93 40 40 7 7 4 N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s T e r m in a l p a y m e n ts ------ n . 02 . 01 100 87 82 8 5 17 _ - . 26 34 45 _ _ _ - - 3 3 (M 100 L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 3 R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e an d p r o t e c t io n --U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a t i o n ---------- . 15 . 09 . 06 . 15 .0 9 . 06 100 100 100 P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p la n s ■ L if e , a c c id e n t, an d h e a lth in su r a n c e ■ P e n s io n an d r e t ir e m e n t p l a n s ----------V a c a tio n an d h o lid a y f u n d s ----—------ — S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and SU B f u n d s ----------------------— — ---S a v in g s an d th r ift p la n s A u to m a tio n fu n d s ------— . . . . . . . . 78 18 23 38 100 100 100 11 . 05 . 12 100 100 100 81 84 90 78 18 23 34 . 01 . 05 n (l ) 100 1 4 - " 4 15 6 10 2 2 4 8 2 n n _ _ 6 16 1 1 1 1 . 14 (l ) 5 (*) (l ) 5 _ 18 4 4 _ 1 > _ _ 5 8 4 16 _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 20 _ _ 460 _ _ - _ D»eep s e a v e s s el pe:rson ne1 em p lo y e d 1b y E a i3t C o a s t firn ns P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , h o lid a y , and p e n a lty w o rk --------------- — —— — P a y fo r le a v e tim e ■ V a c a tio n s --------S ic k l e a v e --------C iv ic an d p e r s o n a l le a v e ■ N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s T e r m in a l p a y m e n ts — 88 100 - - - - - - - 5 (l ) - - 17 - - - 1 - 577 .8 8 100 - - - - - - - 5 (*) - - 17 - - - 1 - 5 . 12 . 11 . 01 (*) . 19 . 19 . 05 . 01 100 100 100 100 44 45 87 94 36 36 7 _ 3 1 _ - _ - . - _ - _ - 6 8 1 2 1 - . - _ 3 3 - _ - . - 7 7 n n . . 02 100 100 9 13 6 01 85 85 _ _ - _ _ 31 5 35 46 15 65 19 45 29 2 3 _ 1 4 - 1 _ . _ _ _ 28 29 <l > _ _ 1 _ 679 1 - 10 1 3 3 - 2 21 - _ 15 9 (*> 5 2 _ 27 2 - . 15 2 - - 5 - 1 $0 .8 8 . 88 $0 . L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s * R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e an d p r o te c tio n U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a tio n ------ — . 14 . 08 . 06 . 14 . 08 . 06 100 100 100 P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p la n s ■ L i f e , a c c id e n t, and h e a lth in s u r a n c e P e n s io n an d r e t ir e m e n t p la n s —------— V a c a tio n an d h o lid a y fu n d s ............ S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and S U B f u n d s --------------------------------------S a v in g s an d th r if t p la n s A u to m a tio n fu n d s 1 . . . . 78 18 23 34 . . . . 78 18 23 38 100 100 100 100 . . 01 02 . 05 . 12 100 100 S e e fo o tn o te s a t end o f ta b le . (M (M 100 10 80 83 98 3 77 6 _ 3 7 2 1 3 - 8 16 1 2 _ 15 8 6 2 15 4 15 - - - 11 - 1 - 4 19 4 18 _ - - 1 _ - - 4 . - - - - - - T a b le 4. P e r c e n t D istrib u tio n of D eep S e a V e s s e l P e r s o n n e l, by E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu re s fo r S e le c te d C o m p en sa tio n P r a c t ic e s , in C e n ts P e r P a id H our, W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n In d u stry , 1964— Continued A v e r a g e e x p en d itu re (in c e n ts p e r hour) P r a c t ic e A ll c o m p a n ie s C o m p an ie s with e x p e n d itu re s fo r the p r a c t ic e 8 P e r c e n t of e m p lo y e e s in c o m p a n ie s— T o ta l With no 4 e x p e n d itu re s fo r the Under and 4 p r a c t ic e under 8 With ex p e n d itu re in c e n ts p e r h o ur of— 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 and 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 o v er D eep s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l em p lo y ed by W est C o a s t f i r m s P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts -----------------------------O v e r tim e , w eek en d , h o lid a y , and p e n a lty w o r k ------------------— — -------P a y fo r le a v e t i m e -----------------------------V a c a t i o n s --------------------------------------S ic k l e a v e --------------------------------------C iv ic an d p e r s o n a l l e a v e ----------------T e r m in a l p a y m e n ts -----------------------------L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 3— R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e and p r o t e c t io n ---U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a t i o n ---------P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p l a n s -------------------------L ife , a c c id e n t, an d h ea lth in s u r a n c e — P e n sio n and r e t ir e m e n t p l a n s ---------V a c a tio n and h o lid a y f u n d s --------------S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and S U B f u n d s ------------— —------—— —■——• S a v in g s and th r ift p l a n s ------------------A u to m a tio n f u n d s ---------------------------- 12345678 1 L e s s th an 0. 5 p e r c e n t o r o n e - h a lf cent. 2 E m p lo y e e s w e r e d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s: 2 p e rc e n t at 6 6 and u n d er 70 c e n ts ; 5 p e r c e n t a t 70—74 c e n ts ; 2 p e rc e n t at 78—82 c e n ts ; 2 p e r c e n t a t 82—86 c e n ts ; 2 p e r c e n t a t 86—90 ce n ts; p e r c e n t at 93—96 c e n ts ; 14 p e r c e n t a t 99—102 c e n ts ; 23 p e rc e n t a t 105—108 c e n ts ; 12 p e r c e n t at 108-111 c e n ts ; 1 p e rc e n t a t 111—114 c e n ts ; 5 p e r c e n t at 114—117 c e n ts ; 1 p e rc e n t at 117—120 c e n ts ; 1 p e r c e n t a t 120—123 c e n ts ; 1 p e r c e n t at 123—126 c e n ts; 1 p e rc e n t a t 135—138 c e n ts ; 1 p e rc e n t a t 141—144 c e n ts ; and 1 p e r c e n t a t 144—150 c e n ts . 3 I n c lu d e s o th e r le g a l ly r e q u ir e d in su r a n c e p r o g r a m s , p r in c ip a lly S ta te t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in su r a n c e , not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . 4 E m p lo y e e s w e re d is tr ib u te d a,s fo llo w s: 9 p e rc e n t at 64 and u n d er 6 6 c e n ts ; 7 p e r c e n t a t 66—70 c e n ts ; 20 p e rc e n t a t 70—74 c e n ts ; 4 p e r c e n t a t 74—78 c e n ts ; 7 p e r c e n t a t 78—82 ce n ts; 8 p e r c e n t a t 82—86 c e n ts ; an d 5 p e r c e n t a t 90—94 c e n ts. 5 E m p lo y e e s w e re d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s: 2 p e rc e n t at 6 6 and u n d er 70 c e n ts ; 5 p e r c e n t a t 70—74 c e n ts ; 1 p e rc e n t a t 82—86 c e n ts ; 1 p e r c e n t a t 86—90 c e n ts ; 6 p e r c e n t a t 93—96 ce n ts; 8 p e r c e n t a t 99—102 c e n ts ; 28 p e r c e n t a t 105—108 c e n ts ; 15 p e rc e n t a t 108—111 c e n ts ; 5 p e r c e n t at 114—117 c e n ts ; 2 p e rc e n t at 120—123 c e n ts ; 1 p e r c e n t a t 123—126 c e n ts ; 1 p e r c e n t at 135—138 c e n ts ; 1 p e r c e n t a t 141—144 c e n ts ; an d 1 p e r c e n t at 147—150 c e n ts . 6 E m p lo y e e s w e re d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s: 17 p e rc e n t a t 6 6 and u n d e r 70 c e n ts ; 16 p e r c e n t a t 74—78 c e n ts ; 1 p e rc e n t at 78—82 c e n ts ; 13 p e r c e n t a t 82—86 c e n ts ; 7 p e r c e n t a t 86—90 ce n ts; 2 p e r c e n t a t 93—96 c e n ts ; 1 p e r c e n t a t 105—108 c e n ts ; 2 p e rc e n t a t 108—111 c e n ts ; 18 p e r c e n t a t 1 2 6 -1 2 9 c e n ts ; 1 p e rc e n t 129—132 c e n ts ; and 1 p e r c e n t a t 138-141 c e n ts . 7 E m p lo y e e s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo llo w s: 15 p e rc e n t a t 78 and u n d er 82 c e n ts ; 10 p e r c e n t a t 82—86 c e n ts ; 12 p e rc e n t a t 86—90 c e n ts ; 9 p e r c e n t a t 93—96 c e n ts ; 33 p e r c e n t at 99—102 ce n ts; 9 p e r c e n t a t 111—114 c e n ts ; and 10 p e r c e n t at 117—120 c e n ts. 8 E m p lo y e e s w e re d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s: 8 p e rc e n t at 6 6 and u n d er 70 c e n ts ; 12 p e r c e n t a t 70—74 c e n ts ; 9 p e r c e n t a t 78—82 c e n ts ; 12 p e r c e n t a t 82—86 c e n ts ; 33 p e r c e n t a t 86—90 c e n ts; and 10 p e r c e n t a t 1 0 5 -1 0 8 c e n ts . 6 NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u al t o t a l s . T a b le 5. T a b le E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu re s fo r the C o m p en satio n o f Inlan d V e s s e l P e r s o n n e l, W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n In d u str y , 1964 6 . E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu r e s fo r the C o m p e n sa tio n of Inlan d V e s s e l P e r s o n n e l, by U nion S ta tu s of N o n s u p e r v is o r y E m p lo y e e s , W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n I n d u str y , 1964 E m p lo y e r e x p e n d itu re s by union s t a tu s of n o n s u p e r v is o r y v e s s e l p e r so n n e l_____ E m p lo y e r ex p e n d itu re s in a ll c o m p an ies C o m p e n sa tio n p r a c t ic e T o t a l e x p e n d itu r e s ----------------- P ercen t of co m p e n sa tio n 1 0 0 .0 P e r h our C o m p e n sa tio n p r a c t ic e P a id fo r W orking tim e $ 2 . 74 $ 2 . 90 2. 51 2. 65 M a jo rity u n io n ized T o ta l e x p e n d i t u r e s -------------------- G r o s s p a y m e n ts to w o r k e r s ------------- 91. 5 7 9 .7 6. 6 6 . 6 P a y fo r le a v e t i m e ---------------------V a c a tio n s -----------------------------S ic k l e a v e ------------------------------C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e -------- 4. 2 3 .9 .3 n N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s ---------------T e r m in a l p a y m e n ts -------------------- 1 .0 P r i v a t e w e lfa r e p l a n s ----------------L i f e , a c c id e n t, and h ea lth in s u r a n c e ---------------------------P e n s io n and r e tir e m e n t p l a n s -----------------------------------V a c a tio n and h o lid a y f u n d s -----S a v in g s and th r ift p l a n s ---------- 2. 31 . 19 . 18 . 19 . . (l ) (M . 03 (M .0 3 (M . 23 . 25 4. 0 . . 2. 5 1. 5 . 07 . 04 . 07 . 04 4. 5 . . 13 8 L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 2 -------------------------------R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e and p r o t e c t io n --------------------------U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a tio n — . 19 . 18 . (M E x p e n d it u r e s in a d d itio n to p a y r o l l — 2 2 2 .5 . . n 2 2 .i .1 1 11 .01 11 12 . 06 . 06 ( !) (M 100 . 0 P a id fo r M a jo r ity not u n io n ize d 100 .0 M a jo r ity u n io n ized $3. 20 . 89 W orking tim e M a jo r ity not u n io n ize d M a jo rity u n io n ized M a jo rity not un io n ized $ 2 . 24 $ 3 . 34 $ 2 . 41 . 08 3. 02 2. 24 90. 4 93. 0 2 77. 1 9 .0 83. 2. 6 8 2. 47 . 29 1 .8 7 .0 6 2. 57 . 30 2 .0 1 9 .0 2 . 8 .2 9 .0 6 . 30 .0 7 P a y fo r le a v e t i m e -----------------------V a c a tio n s -------------------------------S ic k le a v e -------------------------------C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e ---------- 3. 2 3. 0 .1 5. 7 5. 2 .5 . 10 . 10 ( !) . 13 .1 1 . 10 . 14 .1 3 n n n N o n p rod u ctio n b o n u s e s -----------------T e r m in a l p a y m e n ts ---------------------- 1 G r o s s p a y m e n ts to w o r k e r s --------------S t r a ig h t - t im e p a y fo r w o rk in g t i m e ----------------------------------------P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts -------------------O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , h o lid a y , and p e n a lty w o r k ----------------- - P e r h our P e r c e n t of co m p en s a tio n S tr a ig h t- tim e p a y fo r w orkin g t i m e -----------------------------------------P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts ---------------------O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , h o lid a y , and p e n a lty w o r k -------------------- 2 .0 7 12 11 .0 1 E x p e n d it u r e s in a d d itio n to p a y r o l l ----12 .0 6 .0 6 ( !) n L e s s th an 0. 05 p e r c e n t o r o n e -h a lf cent. 2 In c lu d e s o th e r le g a l ly r e q u ire d in su r a n c e p r o g r a m s , p r in c ip a lly S ta te te m p o r a r y d is a b i li t y in s u r a n c e , not p r e se n t e d s e p a r a te ly . L e g a lly r e q u ir e d in su r a n c e p r o g r a m s 2 --------------------------------R e tire m e n t in c o m e and p r o t e c t io n -----------------------------U n em p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a tio n ----P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p la n s ------------------L if e , a c c id e n t, and h ea lth in su r a n c e -----------------------------P e n sio n and r e tir e m e n t p la n s ------------------------------------V a ca tio n and h o lid ay f u n d s -------S a v in g s and th r ift p l a n s ------------- . . . 1 .1 2 .0 1 (l > . 03 - . 02 (2 ) . 04 - . 16 . 32 6 7 .0 . 31 3. 8 4. 4 . . 1. 8 6 . 07 .0 5 . 6 . 19 2. 5 1 .9 .0 8 3. 2 .1 . 1 .7 . .0 2 - 2 5. 2 8 - - 12 10 ( !) ( ) . .01 (M n 8 1 9. 2. 3 1. 5 (M .0 2 (2) . 17 10 . 13 . . 06 . 04 . 08 . 05 . 07 . 04 .0 6 . 19 .0 6 . 04 . 08 .0 4 . .0 2 - 11 ( !) 11 i1 ) 1 NO TE: eq u al to ta ls. B e cau se of ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s 1 L e s s th an 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t o r o n e -h a lf cen t. 2 In clu d e s o th e r le g a lly r e q u ir e d in su r a n c e p r o g r a m s , p r in c ip a lly S ta te te m p o r a r y d is a b ility in su ra n c e not re p o rte d s e p a r a t e ly . m a y not NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s of in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u al t o t a l s . T a b le 7. IS P e r c e n t D istrib u tio n of Inland V e s s e l P e r s o n n e l b y E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu r e s fo r S e le c te d C o m p e n sa tio n P r a c t i c e s , a s a P e r c e n t of T o ta l E x p e n d it u r e s, W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n In d u str y , 1964 A v e r a g e ex p en d itu re (p e rc e n t of c o m p en sa tio n ) C o m p an ie s with ex p e n d itu re s c o m p a n ie s fo r the p r a c t ic e P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts -------------------------------------O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , h o lid a y , and p e n a lty P e r c e n t of e m p lo y e e s in co m p a n ie s- T o ta l With no e x p e n d itu re s fo r the p r a c t ic e With e x p en d itu re s fo r the p r a c t ic e ! a s a p e r c e n t o f to ta l e x p e n d itu r e s— 1 U nder and 1 u n d er Z 7 5 8 9 TO n 12 13 14 15 and 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 o v er 6 . 6 8 . 6 100 29 7 12 3 3 2 4 10 - 2 1 8 2 2 3 1 11 6 . 6 8 . 6 100 29 7 12 3 3 2 4 10 - 2 1 8 2 2 3 1 20 3 16 9 19 (*) 6 _ _ . _ _ _ _ 2 3 (M 20 ( ') _ - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . - - - - - . - _ - . - . - . - 11 P a y fo r le a v e tim e ■ V a c a tio n s S ic k l e a v e ---------------------C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e - 4. 2 3 .9 .3 (*) 5. 3 5. 6 .8 . 1 100 100 23 33 67 87 N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s T e r m in a l p a y m e n ts ------ 1 .0 100 100 64 99 13 - _ 1 2 - 7 - 11 (*) 2. 7 6. 6 - - - 2 1 L e g a lly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 12 R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e and p r o t e c t io n — U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a tio n --------- 4. 0 2. 5 1. 5 4. 0 2. 5 1 .5 100 100 100 _ ( *) _ 18 _ 9 53 8 39 24 5 27 - 19 - 6 1 67 23 - - _ - P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p la L if e , a c c id e n t, and h e a lth i n s u r a n c e P e n sio n and r e t ir e m e n t p l a n s -----------V a c a tio n and h o lid a y f u n d s ---------------S a v in g s and th r ift p l a n s --------------------- 4. 5 2. 2 2. 2 n . i 4. 8 2. 5 3. 4 .9 .9 7 7 12 4 _ 1 _ _ _ 1 . 100 100 100 6 - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 2 100 100 100 100 9 14 46 97 95 11 22 11 11 13 12 10 4 3 5 10 31 15 6 20 9 26 16 7 B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not e q u al t o ta ls . (*) . - _ - 1 5 9 11 " L e s s th an 0. 05 p e r c e n t o f c o m p e n s a tio n o r 0. 5 p e r c e n t of e m p lo y e e s. In clu d e s o th e r le g a l ly r e q u ir e d in su r a n c e p r o g r a m s p r in c ip a lly S ta te te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e , not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . N O TE: 12 12 T a b le 8. P e r c e n t D istrib u tio n of Inlan d V e s s e l P e r s o n n e l, b y E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu r e s fo r S e le c t e d C o m p e n sa tio n P r a c t i c e s , in C e n ts P e r P a id H o u r, W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n In d u str y , 1964 P e r c e n t o f e m p lo y e e s in c o m p a n ie s— A v e r a g e e x p e n d itu re (in ce n ts p e r paid h o ur) W ith e x p e n d itu r e s in c e n ts p e r h o u r ( w ith A ll e x p e n d itu re s c o m p a n ie s fo r the p r a c t ic e T o ta l e x p e n d itu re s 3 f o r the U n der and 3 u n d er p r a c t ic e 9 6 27 24 21 30 33 36 42 39 48 45 and 9 6 18 15 12 18 15 12 24 21 27 33 30 36 42 39 45 48 over P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts _____________________ O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , h o lid a y , and p e n a lty w o r k ________________________ $ 0 . 18 $ 0 . 27 100 29 9 9 4 2 5 10 1 3 _ _ 3 1 _ _ 3 8 13 . 18 . 27 100 29 9 9 4 2 5 10 1 3 - - 3 1 - - 3 8 13 P a y fo r le a v e t i m e ______________________ V a c a t i o n s _____________________________ S ic k l e a v e --------------------------------------C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e ____________ . 11 . 11 . 01 (*) . 15 . 16 . 02 100 100 100 100 23 33 67 87 23 13 6 7 7 14 14 (X) 10 3 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0) 1 6 _ 5 3 _ _ _ 1 1 N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s -----------------------T e r m i n a l p a y m e n ts _____________________ . 07 . 16 100 100 64 99 13 - 7 - 3 - 8 2 _ _ (M - - 1 . 11 . 07 . 04 100 100 100 _ _ _ _ 32 6 19 57 32 25 8 29 45 12 2 1 . . . . . 100 100 100 100 100 . 03 L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 2_. R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e an d p r o t e c t io n __ U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a t io n ________ . n . 07 . 04 P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p la n s -------------------------L if e , a c c id e n t, an d h e a lth in su r a n c e P e n s io n and r e t ir e m e n t p l a n s _______ V a c a tio n and h o lid a y f u n d s ___________ S a v in g s and th r if t p l a n s ______________ . 12 . 06 . 06 ( !) 1 2 C) C) 14 07 11 03 03 ( l 2) 9 14 46 97 95 22 14 3 8 13 18 17 8 15 23 4 6 11 22 (l ) - (l ) 1 10 (M 8 15 5 5 4 19 16 16 4 3 10 _ _ 1 _ 6 _ _ 2 n i _ _ _ _ 1 _ . _ 5 8 4 _ 2 _ 1 _ _ 1 5 n _ _ 1 1 2 1 3 5 L e s s th an 0. 5 p e r c e n t o r o n e -h a lf ce n t. In c lu d e s o th e r l e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in su r a n c e p r o g r a m s , p r in c ip a lly S ta te t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e , no t p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a l s . 10 G) Chapter 3. I n t r o d u c t io n In 1 96 4 , s t e v e d o r e s ' e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r the c o m p e n s a t i o n o f l o n g s h o r e m e n a m o u n t e d to $ 4 . 8 8 a n h o u r — 30 p e r c e n t ( $ 1 . 4 6 ) o f w h ic h w e r e f o r s u p p l e m e n t s to s t r a i g h t - t i m e p a y fo r w o r k i n g t i m e . 25 2 T h ese su p plem en tary expen d i t u r e s w e r e e q u a l to 42 p e r c e n t o f s t r a i g h t t i m e p a y f o r w o r k in g t i m e . E x p e n d i t u r e s fo r p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p l a n s and p r e m i u m p a y , a m o u n t i n g to 13 and 11 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l c o m p e n s a t i o n , r e s p e c t i v e l y , a c c o u n t e d f o r the b u lk o f a l l s u p p l e m e n t a l e x p e n d i t u r e s ; the r e m ain in g ex p e n d itu re s c o n s is te d of o u tla y s for l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d i n s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s , p a id l e a v e , n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s , and t e r m i n a l pay m en ts. Longshoremen an d r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s ; and v a c a t i o n and h o l i d a y f u n d s . In a d d i t i o n , f i r m s e m p l o y i n g a b o u t o n e -h a lf o f a l l lo n g sh o re m e n p aid s o m e w o r k e r s f o r v a c a t i o n and h o li d a y t i m e o f f 26 a n d had s o m e e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n uses. S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s , p a i d s i c k l e a v e , p a i d c i v i c an d p e r s o n a l l e a v e , t e r m i n a l p a y m e n ts , State te m p o r a r y d is a b ility in s u r a n c e , s e v e r a n c e p a y an d S U B f u n d s , s a v i n g s and t h r i f t p l a n s , an d a u t o m a t i o n fu n d s w e r e i n f r e q u e n t l y found— l e s s than 20 p e r c e n t o f a l l p i e r e m p l o y e e s w e r e e m p l o y e d by c o m p a n i e s th a t had e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r t h e s e i t e m s . P aid L e a v e In 1964, l e a v e p a y m e n t s o f 6 c e n t s p e r w o r k in g h o u r a c c o u n t e d f o r 1. 3 p e r c e n t — a b o u t the e q u i v a l e n t o f 3 d a y s o f p a id l e a v e for eac h lo n g sh o re m a n — o f a ll c o m p e n sa tio n e x p e n d i t u r e s o f s t e v e d o r i n g f i r m s . 27 In a d d i tion to t h e s e d i r e c t p a y m e n t s to w o r k e r s , m a r i n e c a r g o h a n d lin g c o m p a n i e s p a id 21 c e n t s to v a c a t i o n and h o li d a y f u n d s . These c o m b i n e d e x p e n d i t u r e s a m o u n t e d to 27 c e n t s an h o u r o f w o r k in g t i m e and 5. 6 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l c o m p e n s a t i o n --- the e q u i v a l e n t o f 14 d a y s of paid le a v e for eac h e m p lo y e e . M o st p ie r e m p lo y e e s w ork ed for s t e v e d o r e s w h ose c o m p e n s a t i o n exp en ditures r a n g e d f r o m $ 4 . 6 0 to $ 5 . 4 0 a p a id h o u r d u r ing 1964. The t a b u l a t io n below sh o w s the d i s t rib u t io n o f w o r k e r s by c o m p a n y e x p e n d i t u r e s : Percent of longshoremen Total compensation (expenditures per paid hour) All em ployees---------------------Under $4. 00 $4. 20 $4. 40 $4. 60 $4. 80 $5. 00 $5. 20 $5. 40 $5. 60 $5. 80 $ 6 . 00 $4. 0 0 -----------------------------and under $4. 20-----------------and under $4. 40-----------------and under $4. 60----------------and under $4. 80 ------and under $5. 0 0 ----------------and under $5. 20----------------and under $5. 40 ---------- ------ and under $5. 60 -----------------and under $5. 80-----------------and under $6 . 0 0 -----------------or m ore---------------------------- United States 100 E m p lo y e r e x p e n d itu re s fo r p aid v a c a tio n s a m o u n t e d to 4 c e n t s a n h o u r w o r k e d by a l l lo n g sh o re m e n accoun tin g fo r tw o -th ird s o f a ll l e a v e p a y m e n t s to w o r k e r s . P a y f o r h o l i d a y s n ot w o r k e d a c c o u n t e d f o r fou r-tenths o f 1 p e r c e n t o f a l l c o m p e n s a t i o n o u t l a y s and a m o u n t e d to 2 c e n t s a n h o u r o f w o r k in g t i m e . Expen d i t u r e s f o r s i c k and c i v i c and p e r s o n a l l e a v e a m o u n t e d to l e s s than 1 p e r c e n t o f c o m p e n s a t i o n , e v e n in c o m p a n i e s w ith e x p e n d i t u r e s for these leave p r a c t ic e s . 12 2 6 38 14 6 10 4 2 3 2 NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100 . P rem iu m Pay P r e m i u m p a y , a c c o u n t i n g f o r 11 p e r c e n t o f c o m p e n s a t i o n (53 c e n t s an h o u r o f w o r k i n g tim e ) w a s a m a j o r c o m p o n e n t o f the c o m p e n s a t i o n p a c k a g e f o r l o n g s h o r e m e n d u r i n g 1964. T h e s e ex p e n d itu r e s w e r e paid a l m o s t e n tir e ly f o r o v e r t i m e , w e e k e n d , and h o li d a y w o r k . P r e v a l e n c e o f P a y S u p p le m e n t s In 1964, a l l s t e v e d o r i n g c o m p a n i e s had e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r s o c i a l s e c u r i t y and u n e m p l o y m e n t i n s u r a n c e , and c o m p a n i e s e m p l o y ing s e v e n - e i g h t h s o r m o r e o f a l l l o n g s h o r e m en paid p r e m iu m s fo r o v e r tim e , w eekend, and h o li d a y w o r k , and had e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r l i f e , a c c i d e n t , and h e a lt h i n s u r a n c e ; p e n s i o n 25 Only 13 percent of the longshore employees actually re ceived vacation pay directly by their employers, and most of these workers were employed on the piers in a supervisory capac ity or in nonsupervisory position not directly related to the handling of marine cargo (see table 16 for details). 27 Stevedoring firms generally do not make direct payment to longshoremen for leave time. Hence, most workers that did receive the payments reported here were supervisors and other non office employees of marine cargo handling firms. 2^ Expenditures for the compensation of longshoremen, in cluding outlays for workmen's compensation, amounted to $5. 11 an hour of working time, $1.79 of which were for supplements. 24 Chart 4 The Structure of Compensation, Longshoremen, Water Transportation Industry, 1964 (Expenditures per paid hour) $0 52 $ 3.37 S tr aight -time pa y for w o rk in g time P rem ium $ 1.42 Pay supplements p a y m e n ts Private w e lfa r e plans tegafty ; required insurance program s $0.01 T e r m i n a l p a y m e n ts and n o n p ro d u c t io n bonuses $ 0.06 Pay for leave tim e 10 01 26 S h i f t d i f f e r e n t i a l s , though p r o v i d e d f o r in so m e b a rg a in in g a g r e e m e n t s , a ccou n ted for an i n s i g n i f i c a n t p a r t o f e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r the c o m pen satio n of lo n g sh o rem en . N o n p r o d u c t i o n B o n u s e s an d T e r m i n a l Paym ents A lth o u g h m o r e than h a l f o f a l l c o m p a n i e s re p o r te d so m e s m a ll p ay m en ts for n o n p ro du c tio n b o n u s e s , t h e s e a m o u n t e d to on ly 1 c e n t a n h o u r o f w o r k in g t i m e in c o m p a n i e s th a t did m a k e s u c h p a y m e n t s . T e r m i n a l p a y m e n t s acc o u n ted for an even l e s s sig n ific a n t p a r t o f c o m p e n satio n . L e g a lly R equ ired In suran ce P r o g r a m s D u r in g 1 96 4 , 4 . 2 p e r c e n t (21 c e n t s an h o u r o f w o r k in g tim e ) o f a l l c o m p e n s a t i o n expen ditures w e re for leg a lly re q u ired in s u r ance p r o g r a m s . F ifty - s e v e n p e rc e n t of these p a y m e n t s w e r e f o r s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , 43 p e r cent w e re for u n em ploym en t co m p e n satio n i n s u r a n c e , an d a v e r y s m a l l p a r t ( l e s s than 1 p ercen t) w a s fo r other le g a lly re q u ir e d p r o g r a m s . 281* E x p e n d i t u r e s f o r s o c i a l s e c u r i t y am ou n ted to 12 c e n t s a p a i d h o u r and c o n s t i t u t e d 2 . 4 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l c o m p e n s a t i o n o u t l a y s . E ig h ty se v e n p e rc e n t of a l l lo n g sh o re m e n w o rk ed for c o m p an ie s w h ose s o c ia l s e c u r ity exp en ditures a c c o u n t e d f o r 2 to 3 p e r c e n t o f c o m p e n s a t i o n . E m p l o y e r p a y m e n t s f o r F e d e r a l and S t a t e u n e m p lo y m e n t c o m p e n s a t i o n i n s u r a n c e a m o u n te d to 9 c e n t s p e r p a id h o u r o r 1 . 8 p e r c e n t o f a ll co m p e n satio n o u tlay s. P r iv a te W elfare P la n s E m p lo y e r exp en ditures for p riv ate w e l f a r e p l a n s w e r e the m o s t i m p o r t a n t s u p p l e m e n t to s t r a i g h t - t i m e p a y f o r l o n g s h o r e m e n . T h e s e e x p e n d i t u r e s a m o u n t e d to 65 c e n t s a n h o u r and c o n s t i t u t e d 1 3 . 2 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l co m p e n satio n . P r a c t ic a lly a ll p riv a te w e l f a r e e x p e n d i t u r e s w e r e d iv id e d in a l m o s t e q u a l a m o u n t s a m o n g l i f e , a c c i d e n t , and h e a lt h i n s u r a n c e ; p e n s i o n and r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s ; an d v a c a t i o n and h o li d a y f u n d s . L i f e , A c c i d e n t , an d H e a l t h I n s u r a n c e . P r a c t i c a l l y a l l c o m p a n i e s had e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r l i f e , a c c i d e n t , an d h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e . T h e s e e x p e n d i t u r e s , a v e r a g i n g 20 c e n t s a n h o u r , r a n g e d b e t w e e n 16 an d 26 c e n t s p e r paid hour. S o m e c o m p a n i e s , h o w e v e r , had e x p e n d i t u r e s a s h ig h a s 32 c e n t s p e r p a id h o u r and o t h e r s r e p o r t e d e x p e n d i t u r e s l o w e r than 1 c e n t p e r p a i d h o u r . P e n sio n and R e t ir e m e n t P l a n s . Steve doring c o m p a n ie s sp en t abou t 5 p e rc e n t— o r 1 c e n t a n h o u r— m o r e f o r p e n s i o n a n d r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s than f o r l i f e , a c c i d e n t , and h e a lt h i n s u r a n c e p l a n s . P e n s i o n p la n e x p e n d i t u r e s in c o m p a n i e s e m p l o y i n g 83 p e r c e n t o f a l l l o n g s h o r e m e n r a n g e d b e t w e e n 17 a n d 27 c e n t s p e r p a i d h o u r , and a v e r a g e d 21 c e n t s an h o u r . V a c a t i o n and H o l i d a y F u n d s . E m p lo y er c o n t r i b u t i o n s to fu n d s w h ic h p r o v i d e d v a c a tion an d h o li d a y p a y f o r l o n g s h o r e m e n a m o u n t e d to 21 c e n t s a n h o u r w o r k e d — 4.3 p e rc en t of a ll co m pen satio n ex p en d itu res— and w e r e 3 V2 t i m e s a s l a r g e a s a l l d i r e c t e m p l o y e r p a y m e n t s to w o r k e r s f o r l e a v e t i m e . O ther P r iv a t e W elfare P l a n s . Severa n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y an d S U B fun ds w e r e r a r e an d w e r e n ot a m a j o r p a r t o f the t o t a l 28 Outlays for legally required insurance programs, includings t r u c t u r e o f c o m p e n s a t i o n f o r l o n g s h o r e m e n . workmen's compensation, accounted for 8 . 6 percent of all com T h e c o s t o f t h e s e b e n e f i t s to c o m p a n i e s th a t pensation expenditures. The outlays for legally required insurance did h a v e e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r th e m w a s 13 c e n t s programs, adjusted to include workmen's compensation, are dis p e r p a i d h o u r o r 2. 4 p e r c e n t o f a l l c o m p e n tributed as follows: 53 percent for workmen's compensation, sation ex p en d itu re s. E m p lo y e r contribution s 27 percent for social security, 20 percent for unemployment com to a u t o m a t i o n fun ds a m o u n t e d to 1 c e n t a n pensation insurance, and less than 1 percent for other legally re h o ur o f w o r k in g t i m e in 1964. quired insurance programs. T a b le 9 . E m p lo y e r E x p e n d it u r e s fo r th e C o m p e n sa tio n of L o n g s h o r e m e n , W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n In d u str y , 1964 P erc e n t of c o m p e n sa tio n C o m p e n sa tio n p r a c t ic e T o ta l e x p e n d i t u r e s ------------------------------ . P e r hour P a id f o r W orking tim e 0 $ 4 .7 9 $ 4 .8 8 8 2 .6 $ 3 .9 6 $ 4 . 02 S tr a ig h t- tim e p a y fo r w o rk in g t i m e ---------P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts 1 -------------------------------O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , and h o lid ay w o rk — 70. 3 1 0 .9 10. 9 3. 37 . 52 . 52 3 .4 2 . 53 .5 3 P a y f o r le a v e t i m e ----------------------------------V a c a t io n s ________________________________ H o lid a y s --------------------------------------------S ic k le a v e ------------------------------------------C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e --------------------- 1. 3 .9 .4 . 1 (2 ) . 06 . 04 . 02 (2 ) (2 ) . 06 . 04 . 02 N onprodu ction b o n u s e s ----------------------------T e r m in a l p a y m e n t s ---------------------------------- . 1 (2 ) . 01 (2 ) . 01 (2 ) E x p e n d itu re s in a d d itio n to p a y r o l l ---------------- 1 7 .4 .8 3 .8 6 L e g a lly r e q u ire d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 3-----R e tire m e n t in c o m e and p r o t e c t io n -------U nem ploy m en t c o m p e n s a tio n ---------------- 4. 2 2 .4 1 .8 . 20 . 12 . 09 . 21 . 12 . 09 P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p l a n s -----------------------------L if e , a c c id e n t, and h ea lth i n s u r a n c e -----P e n sio n and r e tir e m e n t p l a n s --------------V a ca tio n and h o lid ay f u n d s ------------------S e v e ra n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and SU B fu n d s----------------------------------------A utom ation fu n d s -------------------------------- 1 3 .2 4. 2 4 .4 4. 3 . 63 . 20 . 21 . 21 .6 5 . 20 . 21 . 21 . . . . G r o s s p a y m e n ts to w o r k e r s -------------------------- 100 . 1 .2 01 01 0 (2 ) 01 01 In clu des sh ift d if f e r e n t ia ls not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t o r o n e -h a lf ce n t. In clu des o th e r le g a lly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s p r in c ip a lly S ta te te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e , not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . 1 2 3 N O T E : B e c a u s e of ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y no t e q u a l t o t a l s . 10 vl T a b le 10. P r a c tic e P e r c e n t D istrib u tio n of L o n g s h o r e m e n by E m p lo y e r E x p e n d it u r e s fo r S e le c t e d C o m p e n sa tio n P r a c t i c e s , a s a P e rc e n t o f T o t a l E x p e n d it u r e s , W a ter T r a n s p o r t a t io n I n d u str y , 1964 A v e r a g e e x p en d itu re (p e rc e n t of co m p en sa tio n ) C o m p an ie s with A ll e x p e n d itu re s c o m p a n ie s fo r the p r a c t ic e 4 4 2 2 11 11 1 - _ _ - _ _ - - - - - - 12 16 9 4 29 15 - - _ - " 9 9 5 5 ( 2) - 2 1 _ _ - 4. 2 2. 4 1. 8 4. 2 2. 4 1. 8 100 100 100 - - 7 57 3 2 5 2 100 100 100 100 (?) (2) 3 14 2. 4 .8 100 100 97 81 2 _ 2 1 1 10 - 25 23 1 ( 2) 1 7 - 11 5 5 (2) 8 43 87 31 6 2 2 . 14 1 2 1 1 1 - 8 _ 54 83 6 7 . 19 1 - 2 2 1 - - 4 25 12 4 29 8 2 1 " - 1 2 2 In c lu d e s sh ift d if f e r e n t ia l s not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s th an 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t o f c o m p e n s a tio n o r 0 . 5 p e r c e n t of e m p lo y e e s. In c lu d e s o th e r le g a lly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s , p r in c ip a lly S ta te te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e , not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . 5 5 21 21 4 1 6 6 2 2 52 7 16 15 15 3 3 45 93 1 16 over 4 100 100 2 15 16 7 9 . 3 ( 2) . . 14 15 - _ 13 14 1 1 . 1 ( 2) - 12 13 10 8 ( 2) 3 11 12 9 4 3 13. 4. 4. 5. 10 8 1 2 2 2 4 3 9 7 2 2 13. 4. 4. 4. 8 6 37 36 40 14 9 10 7 5 44 47 50 84 91 L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 3 ____ R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e an d p r o t e c t i o n _______ U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a tio n „ ________ 6 4 100 N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s _______________________ T e r m in a l p a y m e n ts __________________ ______ 5 3 100 100 100 100 2 ( 2) a p e rc e n t of to ta l y 4 2 .6 1. 7 .8 .4 .3 1. 3 .9 .4 . 1 ( 2) o 3 and 1 1 P a y fo r le a v e tim e _________________________ V a c a tio n s ________ ________ __ ____ ___ H o lid a y s ____ _____________________ ______ S ic k le a v e _________________________________ C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e — ---- ----------- 3 y 2 100 100 10. 9 10. 9 1 2 T o ta l 11. 0 11. 0 P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts 1 ________________________ O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , an d h o lid a y w o rk __ P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p la n s _______________________ L if e , a c c id e n t, an d h e a lth in su r a n c e ----P e n sio n an d r e t ir e m e n t p la n s ____________ V a c a tio n and h o lid a y fu n d s _ __ ------ __ S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and S U B fu n d s ________________________________ A u to m a tio n fu n d s _______ __ __ _________ P e r c e n t of e m p lo y e e s in c o m p a n ie s— With no e x p e n d itu re s 1 fo r the U nder and 1 p r a c t ic e u n d er 5 (2) " " " T a b le 11. P e r c e n t D istrib u tio n o f L o n g s h o re m e n , by E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu r e s fo r S e le c t e d C o m p e n sa tio n P r a c t i c e s , in C e n ts P e r P a id H o u r, W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n I n d u str y , 1964 A v e r a g e ex p en d itu re (in c e n ts p e r h our) P e r c e n t of e m p lo y e e s in c o m p a n ie s— C o m p an ie s A ll with expen4 T o ta l co m d itu r e s U nder and fo r the p a n ie s fo r the 4 u n d er p r a c t ic e p r a c t ic e 8 P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts 12 ---------------------------O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , h o lid a y , and p e n a lty w o r k -------------------------------- $ 0 . 52 $ 0.^53 100 1 (3 4) . 52 . 53 100 1 (3 ) P a y fo r le a v e t i m e -----------------------------V a c a t i o n s --------------------------------------H o li d a y s ----------------------------------------S ic k l e a v e --------------------------------------C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e ----------------- . 06 . 04 . 02 (3 ) (3 ) . 12 . 08 . 04 . 02 . 01 100 44 47 50 84 91 37 37 40 14 9 N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s ------------------------T e r m in a l p a y m e n t s ----------------------------- . 01 (3 ) . 01 (3 ) 100 51 7 5 100 45 93 L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 5— R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e and p r o t e c t io n ---U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a tio n ----------- . 20 . 12 . 09 . 20 . 12 . 09 100 100 100 _ . - - (3 ) - 10 P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p l a n s -------------------------L if e , a c c id e n t, and h e a lth in s u r a n c e ------------------------------------P e n s io n and r e t ir e m e n t p l a n s ---------V a c a tio n and h o lid a y f u n d s --------------S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and S U B f u n d s ------------------------------------A u to m a tio n fu n d s ---------------------------- . 63 .6 3 100 (3 ) _ . . 20 21 .2 1 . 20 . 22 . 26 100 100 100 (3 ) 3 14 . . . 13 . 04 100 100 97 81 01 01 100 100 100 100 With e x p e n d itu r e s in c e n ts p e r h o u r of— 8 12 16 16 12 24 20 24 20 28 28 32 32 36 36 “ 40 40 44 44 48 48 52 52 56 56 60 60 64 64 68 68 72 72 76 and 76 over 1 5 2 5 4 2 1 23 7 6 5 7 9 2 4 1 2 4 16 .1 6 2 4 3 2 1 23 7 6 5 7 9 2 4 1 2 4 16 3 3 5 3 (3 ) 1 _ 3 5 1 2 5 6 (3 ) 1 - _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 _ _ - 13 46 43 3 4 2 1 _ _ _ 3 2 4 2 - (3 ) 1 3 59 70 4 12 17 14 14 6 - - 2 1 - 16 1 1 _ _ _ _ 2 1 _ _ _ _ _ - 16 37 14 - _ _ (3 ) 57 26 2 1 - 1 1 14 11 1 _ (3 ) _ ._ _ _ _ . _ (3 ) (3 ) 3 _ 8 1 1 1 1 4 20 12 5 9 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 - 1 1 9 22 7 8 (3 ) 2 - - - - - - 20 - 6 23 - 1 In c lu d e s sh ift d if f e r e n t ia l s not p r e se n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s th an 0. 5 p e r c e n t o r o n e -h a lf cent. E m p lo y e e s w e re d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s: 3 p e r c e n t a t 76 and u n d er 80 c e n ts ; 3 p e r c e n t a t 80—84 c e n ts ; 1 p e r c e n t a t 84—88 c e n ts ; 2 p e r c e n t at 92—96 c e n ts ; 3 p e r c e n t at 100—104 c e n ts; 3 p e r c e n t a t 104—108 c e n ts ; and 1 p e r c e n t at 116—120 c e n ts . 4 In c lu d e s o th e r le g a l ly re q u ir e d p r o g r a m s , p r in c ip a lly S ta te te m p o r a r y d is a b ility in s u r a n c e , not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . 1 2 3 10 CO Chapter 4. Nonoperating Employees In t ro d u c t io n w o r k e d f o r f i r m s w h o se o u t l a y s w e r e l e s s than $ 2 . 9 0 p e r h o u r, a n d a b o u t 25 p e r c e n t of a l l o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s o f c a r g o h a n d lin g c o m p a n i e s w o r k e d f o r s t e v e d o r e s w h o se o u t l a y s a m o u n t e d to l e s s than $ 2 . 9 0 . On the o t h e r hand, a l m o s t o n e - t e n th o f the i n d u s t r y ' s o f f i c e f o r c e (7 p e r c e n t o f the d e e p s e a , 10 p e r c e n t of the inland, and 12 p e r c e n t o f the o f f i c e e m p lo y e e s of steved orin g fir m s) worked fo r e m p lo y e r s w h o s e co m p en satio n exp en d itu res a m o u n t e d to m o r e than $7 p e r p a i d h o u r . The f o llo w in g t a b u l a t io n sh o w s the d i s t r i b u t i o n of o f f i c e w o r k e r s in v a r i o u s s e g m e n t s of the i n d u s t r y by c o m p a n y e x p e n d i t u r e s . E m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r the c o m p e n s a t i o n o f the w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y ’ s n o n o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s a m o u n te d to $ 4 . 53 an h o u r o f w o r k in g t im e in 1 9 6 4 . 29 S t r a i g h t tim e p a y f o r w o rk in g t im e ( $ 3 . 53) a c c o u n t e d f o r 78 p e r c e n t o f t h e s e e x p e n d i t u r e s , and o u t l a y s f o r p a y s u p p l e m e n t s ($ 1) a c c o u n t e d f o r the r e m a i n i n g 22 p e r c e n t . A b out f i v e e i g h t h s o f the s u p p l e m e n t a r y p a y m e n t s w e r e f o r p a i d l e a v e and p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p l a n s and s l i g h t l y m o r e than o n e - f o u r t h w e r e f o r n o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s and l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d i n surance p ro g ra m s. The l e v e l and s t r u c t u r e o f c o m p e n s a t i o n for office e m p lo y e e s w ere m a rk e d ly d iffere n t in e a c h s e g m e n t of the w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ind ustry. S tra ig h t-tim e p ay m en ts fo r office e m p l o y e e s ’ w o rk in g t im e w e r e 15 p e r c e n t h i g h e r in d e e p s e a sh ip p in g c o m p a n i e s (w h e r e the h i g h e s t l e v e l o f s t r a i g h t - t i m e p a y e x i s t e d ) than in in la n d s h ip p in g c o m p a n i e s (w h e r e the lo w e st lev e l of stra ig h t-tim e pay ex iste d ). Total co m p e n satio n fo r e m p lo y e e s of deep s e a f i r m s , h o w e v e r , w a s 28 p e r c e n t h i g h e r than f o r t h o s e o f f i r m s o p e r a t i n g on the in la n d w aterw ays. The d i f f e r e n c e in the two m e a s u r e m e n t s w a s due to the l a r g e r s u p p l e m e n t a r y c o m p e n s a t i o n e x p e n d i t u r e s o f the d e e p s e a sh ip p in g c o m p a n i e s . The f o llo w in g t a b u la t i o n sh o w s the l e v e l a n d s t r u c t u r e of the m a j o r c o m p o n e n t s of c o m p e n s a t i o n f o r o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s in e a c h of the w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n in d u stry se g m e n ts: Percent of office workers by type of _____ water transportation firm_____ Total compensation (cents per paid hour) All employees-----Under $2. 40 $2 . 60 $2. 80 $3. 00 $3. 20 $3. 40 $3. 60 $3. 80 $4. 00 $4. 20 $4. 40 $4. 60 $4. 80 $5. 00 $5. 20 $5. 40 $5. 60 $5. 80 $6 . 00 $ 6 . 20 $6 . 40 Employer expenditures per hour _____________ of working time Type of firm Deep sea shipping--Inland shipping------Stevedoring----------- Total compensation $5.09 3.98 4. 42 Straight-time pay for working time $3.80 3.31 3. 37 Pay supple ments $1. 29 . 67 1.05 100 100 100 5 3 <»> - 8 6 - 13 15 4 13 1 2 - 1 1 10 7 7 8 2 2 12 6 7 15 7 4 4 5 4 5 7 8 3 5 ( l) f 1) 1 1 2 9 3 13 13 4 12 (l ) - 13 100 ( l) 3 21 7 7 8 1 (J) 5 5 4 ( 2) 7 5 2 2 (*> 2 1 1 1 2 1 <l > 7 10 - 2 1 - <*> 1 2 1 5 12 Less than 0. 5 percent. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal 100 . C o m p en satio n exp en ditu res fo r o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s v a r i e d g r e a t l y f r o m c o m p a n y to c o m p a n y and within i n d u s t r y s e g m e n t s . V i r t u a lly a l l d e e p s e a sh ip p in g c o m p a n i e s s p e n t m o r e than $ 2 . 80 p e r p a i d h o u r f o r the c o m p e n s a t i o n of t h e i r o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s . On the o t h e r hand, m o r e than 30 p e r c e n t o f a l l o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s o f in la n d sh ip p in g c o m p a n i e s P r e v a l e n c e of P a y Su p p lem en ts D u r in g 1964, a l l w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c o m p a n i e s had e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r s o c i a l s e c u r i ty a n d u n e m p l o y m e n t c o m p e n s a t i o n i n s u r a n c e c o v e r i n g t h e i r o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s , and m o r e than 9 out of 10 o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s w o r k e d f o r f i r m s that p a i d f o r v a c a t i o n s a n d h o l i d a y s . In a d d itio n , o n e - h a l f o r m o r e o f the w o r k e r s w ere em ployed by w ater tra n sp o rta tio n f ir m s th a t had e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r o v e r t i m e p r e m i u m s , 29 Expenditures for legally required workmen's compensa tion for office employees are estimated to amount to 4 cents a working hour. Total compensation including these estimates amounts to $4. 57 a working hour, 4 percent of which are legally required expenditures. $ 2.40-------------and under $2. 60 — and under $2 . 80 — and under $3. 00 — and under $3. 20 — and under $3. 40 — and under $3. 60 — and under $3. 80 — and under $4. 00 — and under $4. 20 — and under $4. 40 — and under $4. 60 — and under $4. 80 — and under $5. 00 — and under $5. 20 — a n d under $5. 40 — and under $5. 60 — and under $5. 80 — and under $ 6 . 00 — and under $6 . 20 — and under $6 . 40 — or m ore----------- Deep sea Inland carriers carriers Stevedoring All 30 Chart 5. The Structure uf Compensation, Office Employees, Water Transportation Industry, 1964 (Expenditures per paid hour) Pay leave for time $0.30 Private - — ‘ welfare Terminal . and plans $0.14 payments nonproduction bonuses insurance /Premiun p a y m e n ts programs 32 s i c k l e a v e , c i v i c and p e r s o n a l l e a v e ; n o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s ; lif e , a c c i d e n t , and h e a lt h i n s u r a n c e ; and p e n s i o n and r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s . In g e n e r a l , p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y m o r e o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s o f d e e p s e a s h i p p e r s than o f e i t h e r s t e v e d o r i n g f i r m s o r in la n d c a r r i e r s w o r k e d f o r f i r m s that had e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r p a y s u p p le m e n ts. H o w e v e r , s t e v e d o r i n g f i r m s had a h i g h e r i n c i d e n c e o f e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r sh if t d i f f e r e n t i a l s , v a c a t i o n and h o lid a y fu n d s, and a u t o m a t i o n f u n d s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s than f i r m s in the o t h e r s e g m e n t s of the i n d u s t r y . P aid L eave I n d u s t r y w id e e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r p a i d l e a v e o f 31 c e n t s a n h o u r of w o rk in g t im e c o n s t i tuted 6 . 9 p e r c e n t o f a l l o u t l a y s f o r the c o m p en satio n of office e m p lo y e e s. Leave e x p e n d i t u r e s by d e e p s e a sh ip p in g c o m p a n i e s a m o u n t e d to 43 c e n t s an h o u r of w o r k in g t im e , m o r e than tw ic e a s m u c h a s t h o s e of in la n d sh ip p in g c o m p a n i e s (19 c e n t s ) and a b o u t o n e t h i r d h i g h e r than the e x p e n d i t u r e s of c a r g o h a n d lin g c o m p a n i e s (30 c e n t s ) . Leave e x p e n d i t u r e s a m o n g the d i f f e r e n t t y p e s of c o m p a n i e s v a r i e d on ly s l i g h t l y a m o n g r e g i o n s . P aid V a c a tio n s. P ay for v acatio n s m ade up 3 .6 p e r c e n t of c o m p e n s a t i o n and a m o u n te d to 17 c e n t s an h o u r of w o rk in g t im e ; it a c co u n te d f o r 55 p e r c e n t of a l l p a i d l e a v e f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in the w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n in d u stry. T h ese exp en d itu res w ere su ffi c i e n t l y l a r g e to p r o v i d e e a c h e m p l o y e e with about 9 d a y s of p aid v a ca tio n . V acatio n e x p e n d itu re s fo r office e m p lo y e e s , how ever, v a r i e d a m o n g the d i f f e r e n t i n d u s t r y s e g m e n t s . V a c a t i o n e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s of d e e p s e a sh ip p in g c o m p a n i e s a m o u n te d to 22 c e n t s an h o u r o f w o r k in g tim e , 11 c e n t s f o r e m p l o y e e s of in la n d sh ip p in g c o m p a n i e s , and 16 c e n t s f o r e m p l o y e e s of c a r g o h a n d lin g co m pan ie s . P aid H o lid a y s. P a i d h o li d a y e x p e n d i t u r e s whic h a c c o u n t e d f o r 2. 3 p e r c e n t o f a l l c o m p e n s a t i o n e x p e n d i t u r e s and a m o u n t e d to 10 c e n t s an h o u r o f w o rk in g t im e w e r e a b o u t th re e - fifth s a s la r g e a s p aid v a c a tio n e x pen ditu res. H o lid a y e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s r a n g e d f r o m 1 .6 p e r c e n t of c o m p e n s a t i o n in in la n d c a r r i e r s , to 2 . 4 p e r c e n t in s t e v e d o r i n g f i r m s , and 2. 7 p e r c e n t in d e e p sea c a r r ie r s. S i c k L e a v e and O th e r P a i d L e a v e . P a y m e n t s to o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s f o r s i c k l e a v e , w h ich a c c o u n t e d f o r 13 p e r c e n t o f a l l l e a v e p ay m en ts, c o m p r is e d ju s t under 1 p e rc e n t of c o m p e n s a t i o n and a m o u n te d to 4 c e n t s a w o r k in g h o u r. E x p e n d itu r e s fo r sic k leav e f l u c t u a t e d a m o n g r e g i o n s and type o f f i r m in e s s e n t i a l l y the s a m e way a s did e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r p a i d v a c a t i o n s an d p a i d h o l i d a y s . A lth oug h m o r e than h a l f of a l l o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s w o r k e d in c o m p a n i e s that h a d e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r c i v i c and p e r s o n a l l e a v e , d i s b u r s e m e n t s f o r t h is type o f l e a v e a m o u n t e d to 1 c e n t an h o u r and a c c o u n t e d f o r on ly 3 p e r c e n t of a l l l e a v e e x p e n d i t u r e s . P rem iu m Pay P r e m i u m p a y m e n t s , 30 a lth o u g h r e p o r t e d by m o s t c o m p a n i e s , c o n s t i t u t e d only 1. 5 p e r c e n t of c o m p e n s a t i o n f o r o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s and a m o u n t e d to 7 c e n t s a n h o u r o f w o r k in g t im e d u r i n g 1964. T h is w a s in s h a r p c o n t r a s t to the r o l e o f p r e m i u m p a y in the s t r u c t u r e of c o m p e n s a t i o n f o r n o n o ff ic e e m p l o y e e s w h e r e it w a s the m o s t i m p o r t a n t s u p p l e m e n t . Pre m i u m p a y m e n t s w e r e s m a l l e r in d e e p s e a s h ip p in g c o m p a n i e s (4 c e n t s an h o u r o f w o r k ing tim e ) than in e i t h e r in la n d s h ip p in g c o m p a n i e s (8 c e n t s ) o r c a r g o h a n d lin g c o m p a n i e s (11 cents). Shift d i f f e r e n t i a l e x p e n d i t u r e s w e r e u n i f o r m l y low, a m o u n ti n g to l e s s than o n e - t e n t h o f 1 p e r c e n t of t o t a l c o m p e n s a t i o n . N o n p r o d u c t i o n B o n u s e s an d T e r m i n a l Paym ents N onproduction b o n u se s accou n ted fo r 3 .2 p e r c e n t o f a l l e x p e n d i t u r e s by w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c o m p a n i e s f o r the c o m p e n s a t i o n of o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s and a m o u n t e d to 14 c e n t s an h o u r o£ w o rk in g t i m e ; t e r m i n a l p a y m e n t s w e r e m u c h l o w e r , c o n s t i t u t i n g l e s s than 1 p e r c e n t of t o t a l c o m p e n s a t i o n and a m o u n ti n g to 1 c e n t an h o u r . The l e v e l s o f e x p e n d i t u r e s r e f l e c t the lo w i n c id e n c e o f t h e s e p a y m e n t s , b u t o u t l a y s by f i r m s that had e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r t h e s e p r a c t i c e s d u r i n g 1964 w e r e quite h igh. E x p e n d i t u r e s f o r n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s in f i r m s that p a i d them a m o u n t e d to 28 c e n t s a n h o u r of w o rk in g t im e and r a n g e d up to m o r e than 90 c e n t s a n h o u r in s o m e c o m p a n i e s ; e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r t e r m i n a l p a y m e n t s in c o m p a n i e s that m a d e t h e s e p a y m e n t s a m o u n t e d to 4 c e n t s an h o u r o f w o r k in g t im e and r e a c h e d a s h ig h a s 15 c e n t s an h o u r in s o m e f i r m s . E x p e n d i t u r e s f o r b o n u s e s and t e r m i n a l p a y m e n t s by f i r m s with the p r a c t i c e w e r e c o n s i d e r a b l y l a r g e r in d e e p s e a sh ip p in g c o m p a n i e s (22 and 2 c e n t s an ho u r, r e s p e c t iv ely ) than in in la n d sh ip p in g c o m p a n i e s (7 c e n t s and l e s s than 1 c e n t s ) ; e x p e n d i t u r e s by c a r g o h a n d lin g c o m p a n i e s w e r e b e t w e e n the e x t r e m e s o f the o t h e r two i n d u s t r y s u b g r o u p s . L e g a lly R equ ired In su ran ce P r o g r a m s Com pany e x p en d itu res fo r le g a lly r e q u i r e d i n s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s c o n s t i t u t e d 3. 2 p e rc e n t of a ll c o m p e n sa tio n o u tlay s du rin g These include premium pay for overtime, weekend, holiday work, and shift differentials. 33 Chart 6. Employer Expenditures for Supplementary Compensation for Office Employees, Water Transportation Industry, 1964 P e rce n t i0 2 1 I o f c o m p e n s a tio n 4 i I Deep sea shipping P a id - ...................................... Stevedoring firms Deep sea shipping Inland sh ip p in g pay S te v e d o rin g Deep sea Bonuses, te r m in a l pay Inland firm s Deep sea shipping L e g a lly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e n : j ................ i ............. i 1 .......... -......................... I _ 1 ............................ Inland shipping p ro g ra m s i Stevedoring firms 1 ............................ Deep sea shipping P r iv a te w e lfa r e p la n s ......................... ........................................ i .. .. J Inland shipping : Ste ved o rin g firm s ............................................. ................ 1 C e n ts 0 Deep sea shipping Ste ved o rin g Deep P r e m iu m sea shipping Stevedoring Deep t e r m in a l pay Inland firm s shipping hour 1 30 1 ” 40 1 1 ............................... ...... ” 1 ___________________________ J 1 l 1 ............ 1 .. sea sh ip p in g Stevedoring firms L e g a lly 1 firm s Inland shipping pay Bonuses, 1 ____ _ p a id 20 Inland shipping le a v e per 10 1 P a id 1 .......................... i shipping firm s r ...........- , i shipping S te v e d o rin g 10 8 i i inland shipping le a v e P r e m iu m 6 i i ..................i ................................... i Deep sea shipping r e q u ir e d Inland shipping in s u r a n c e p ro g ra m s Stevedoring firms ................. ! __ _____j Deep sea shipping P r iv a te w e lfa r e p la n s Inland shipping ...........1 Stevedoring firm s ........................................... -...................1 34 1964 a n d a m o u n t e d to 15 c e n t s a n h o u r of w o r k in g t i m e . P ay m en ts for so c ia l secu rity m a d e up a b o u t f i v e - e i g h t h s o f the t o t a l ; u n em ploy m en t co m pe n satio n in su ra n c e t h r e e e i g h t h s ; an d p a y m e n t s f o r o t h e r l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d i n s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s a d d e d an i n c o n s e q u e n t i a l a m o u n t to c o m p l e t e the t o t a l . 31 E x p en d itu res fo r leg ally re q u ired in su ran ce p r o g r a m s (1 5 c e n t s a n h o u r in d e e p s e a s h i p p in g c o m p a n i e s and 14 c e n t s a n h o u r in i n la n d s h ip p in g c o m p a n i e s an d c a r g o h a n d lin g c o m p a n i e s ) v a r i e d on ly s l i g h t l y a m o n g the in d ustry se g m e n ts. E m p lo y e r exp en ditures f o r s o c i a l s e c u r i t y (O ASD I) c o v e r a g e o f o f f i c e e m p lo y e e s accou n ted fo r 2 p e r c e n t of total c o m p e n s a t i o n and a m o u n t e d to 9 c e n t s a n h o u r o f w o r k in g t i m e ; c o r r e s p o n d i n g f i g u r e s f o r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r F e d e r a l and S t a te u n e m p l o y m e n t c o m p e n s a t i o n w e r e 1 .2 p e r c e n t o f t o t a l c o m p e n s a t i o n and 5 c e n t s a n h o u r . P r iv a t e W elfare P la n s In 1964, e m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p l a n s , a m o u n ti n g to 7 . 2 p e r c e n t o f c o m p e n s a t i o n o u t l a y s and 32 c e n t s a n h o u r o f w o r k in g t im e , w e r e the l a r g e s t s u p p l e m e n t to s t r a i g h t - t i m e p a y f o r w o rk in g t im e f o r office e m p lo y e e s . N in e ty p e r c e n t o f the p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p la n e x p e n d i t u r e s w e r e f o r l ife , a c c i d e n t , and h e a lt h i n s u r a n c e p l a n s and p e n s i o n an d r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s — e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r p e n sio n and r e t ir e m e n t p la n s a ccou n ted fo r 54 p e r c e n t of a l l p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p la n o u t l a y s . E x p e n d it u r e s fo r p r iv a te w e lfa r e p lan s v a r i e d by i n d u s t r y s e g m e n t in the s a m e m a n n e r a s m a n y o f the o t h e r s u p p l e m e n t s . E x p e n d i t u r e s w e r e h i g h e s t in d e e p s e a s h i p p in g c o m p a n i e s (43 c e n t s a n h o u r o f w o rk in g t im e ) , f o l l o w e d by c a r g o h a n d lin g c o m p a n i e s (37 c e n t s ) , and in la n d sh ip p in g c o m p a n i e s (19 c e n t s ) . O u tlays fo r p riv a te w e lfare p la n s c o n s t i t u t e d a l a r g e r p r o p o r t i o n of t o t a l c o m p e n s a t i o n in u n i o n iz e d c o m p a n i e s than in n o n union c o m p a n i e s . L i f e , A c c i d e n t , a n d H e a lt h I n s u r a n c e . C om pany exp en ditures fo r l i f e , accid en t, a n d h e a lt h i n s u r a n c e f o r o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s a m o u n t e d to 11 c e n t s a n h o ur of w o r k in g t i m e Expenditures for legally required insurance programs, including workmen's compensation, accounted for 4. 2 percent of all outlays for the compensation of employees and were distrib uted as follows: 48 percent for social security; 28 percent for unemployment compensation insurance; 24 percent for workmen's compensation; and less than 1 percent for other legally required insurance programs. and c o n s t i t u t e d 2. 5 p e r c e n t o f a l l c o m p e n s a tion e x p e n d i t u r e s . H ow ever, th e se e x p en d i t u r e s v a r i e d w id e ly f r o m c o m p a n y to c o m pan y, a c c o u n t in g f o r l e s s than 1 p e r c e n t o f c o m p e n s a t i o n in s o m e c o m p a n i e s bu t a l m o s t 10 p e r c e n t in o t h e r s . E x p e n d i t u r e s w e r e a b o u t t w ic e a s l a r g e p e r h o u r o f w o r k in g t i m e in d e e p s e a s h i p p in g c o m p a n i e s (1 5 c e n t s ) a s in in la n d s h i p p in g c o m p a n i e s (7 c e n t s ) . E xp en ditu res of c a r g o h a n d lin g c o m p a n i e s (11 c e n t s ) , lik e m o s t other su p p le m e n ta ry o u tla y s, w e re b e tw e e n the s h ip p i n g c o m p a n y l e v e l s . A b o u t a s m a n y e m p l o y e e s c o v e r e d by t h e s e p l a n s w e r e in c o m p a n i e s th at h a d c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s a s w e r e in c o m p a n i e s th a t h a d n o n c o n t r ib u t o r y p l a n s . E x p e n d i t u r e s in c o m p a n i e s h a v in g c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s w e r e s e v e n te n th s of t h o s e in c o m p a n i e s h a v in g n o n c o n tributory p lan s. P e n s i o n and R e t i r e m e n t P l a n s . Expend i t u r e s f o r p e n s i o n and r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s c o n s t i t u t e d 3 . 9 p e r c e n t (18 c e n t s ) o f the i n d u s t r y 's co m p e n satio n ex p en d itu res fo r office w orkers. T h e s e o u t l a y s by c o m p a n i e s that m ad e p ay m en ts fo r such p lan s, how ever, a c co u n te d f o r 5. 7 p e r c e n t o f a l l c o m p e n s a t i o n e x p e n d i t u r e s a n d r a n g e d up to n e a r l y 18 p e r cent of co m p e n satio n . E x p e n d i t u r e s f o r p e n s i o n and r e t i r e m e n t p l a n s m a d e up 5. 4 p e r c e n t o f a l l c o m p e n s a tion e x p e n d i t u r e s and a m o u n t e d to 24 c e n t s an h o u r o f w o r k in g t im e in c a r g o h a n d lin g c o m pan ies. T h e s e e x p e n d i t u r e s w e r e l a r g e r than t h o s e found in any o t h e r type o f w a t e r t r a n s p o rtatio n co m pan y. H ow ever, ex p en d itu res in d e e p s e a s h ip p in g c o m p a n i e s , a c c o u n t in g f o r 4. 4 p e r c e n t of t o t a l c o m p e n s a t i o n and a m o u n tin g to 23 c e n t s a n h o u r, w e r e a l m o s t a s great. T h o s e o f in la n d sh ip p in g c o m p a n i e s ( 2 .4 p e r c e n t of t o t a l c o m p e n s a t i o n and 10 c e n t s ) an h o u r w e r e a b o u t h a l f a s m u c h a s the o t h e r t y p e s o f f i r m s . T w ic e a s m a n y e m p l o y e e s w e r e in c o m p a n i e s h a v in g p l a n s th a t d id not r e q u i r e e m p lo y e e c o n t r i b u t i o n s a s w e r e in c o m p a n i e s with c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s . E xp en d itu res w ere a b o u t 15 p e r c e n t g r e a t e r in c o m p a n i e s h a v ing n o n c o n t r ib u t o r y p l a n s a s in c o m p a n i e s h a v in g c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s . O th e r P r i v a t e W e l f a r e P l a n s . Expend i t u r e s f o r s a v i n g s a n d t h r i f t p l a n s a m o u n te d to only 2 c e n t s a n h o u r o f w o r k in g t im e and c o n s t i t u t e d l e s s than o n e - h a l f of 1 p e r c e n t 35 o f to ta l c o m p e n s a t i o n . E x p en d itu res for v a c a t i o n and h o li d a y fu n d s , s e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p ay and s u p p l e m e n t a r y u n e m p l o y m e n t b e n e f i t s , and a u t o m a t i o n f u n d s w e r e l e s s than h a l f a s l a r g e a s e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r s a v i n g s and thrift p la n s. T h e s e low l e v e l s o f e x p e n d i t u r e s r e f l e c t the lo w i n c id e n c e of t h e s e p l a n s fo r office w o rk e rs. H ow ever, ex p en d itu res f o r s o m e o f t h e s e s u p p l e m e n t s w e r e of c o n s i d e r a b l e i m p o r t a n c e in c o m p a n i e s that had e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r th e m . In t h e s e c o m p a n i e s , e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r v a c a t i o n and h o li d a y fu n d s o f 18 c e n t s an h o u r of w o rk in g t im e c o n stituted 4 .7 p e rc e n t of a l l co m p e n satio n e x p e n d i t u r e s ; e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r s a v i n g s and t h r i f t p l a n s w e r e 28 c e n t s an h o u r— 3 . 9 p e r c e n t of c o m p e n s a t i o n ; 32 and e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r s e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p ay and S U B fu n d s a m o u n te d to 13 c e n t s a n h o u r— 2. 1 p e r c e n t o f c o m p e n satio n . E x p en d itu res for au to m a t i o n fu n d s , a m o u n tin g to l e s s than 1 c e n t an h o u r o f w o rk in g t im e , w e r e v e r y s m a l l — ev en in t h o s e fe w f i r m s that m a d e p a y m e n t s into su c h f u n d s . 2 2 The seemingly high expenditure of 28 cents an hour for this item reflects the high level of compensation in companies that had expenditures for this plan. Most of die companies that had savings and thrift plans were deep sea shipping companies whose compensation outlays for office employees were among the highest in the industry. T a b le 12. E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu re s fo r the C o m p e n sa tio n o f O ffic e E m p lo y e e s , W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n In d u str y , 1964 Inlan d c a r r i e r s D eep s e a c a r r i e r s A ll co m p a n ie s P a id fo r W orking tim e P erc en t of co m pen sa tio n $ 4 . 59 $ 5 .0 9 $ 4 . 06 $ 4 . 51 6 8 8 3. 41 . 04 . 04 8 .4 4. 3 2. 7 .01 . 31 . 17 . 10 .0 4 . 01 3. 2 .2 . 13 . 01 . 14 . 01 4 .4 .3 E x p e n d it u r e s in a d d itio n to p a y r o l l ----------------------- 10. 4 . 44 . 47 1 1 .5 L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 3 ------------R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e and p r o t e c t io n --------------U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a t io n ----------------------- 3. 2 P a id fo r W orking tim e P ercen t of com pen sa tio n 10 0 .0 $ 4 . 19 $ 4 . 53 1 0 0 .0 89. 6 $ 3 . 75 $ 4 . 06 88 S t r a ig h t - t im e p a y fo r w o rk in g t i m e ----------------P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts 1 ---------------------------------------O v e r tim e , w e e k e n d , and h o lid a y w o r k -------- 77. 8 1. 5 1. 5 3. 26 .0 6 .0 6 3. 53 . 07 . 07 P a y fo r l e a v e -------------------------------------------------V a c a tio n s --------------------------------------------------H o li d a y s ----------------------------------------------------S ic k l e a v e --------------------------------------------------C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e ---------------------------- 6 .9 3. 6 2. 3 .8 .1 . 29 . 15 . 10 . 04 N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s -----------------------------------T e r m in a l p a y m e n ts ----------------------------------------- P ercen t of com pen sa tio n C o m p e n sa tio n p r a c t ic e T o ta l e x p e n d i t u r e s ------------------------------------G r o s s p a y m e n ts to w o r k e r s --------------------------------- P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p l a n s ------------------------------------L i f e , a c c id e n t, and h e a lth i n s u r a n c e ---------P e n sio n and r e t ir e m e n t p l a n s ---------------------V a c a tio n and h o lid a y f u n d s -------------------------S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and S U B f u n d s -----------------------------------------------S a v in g s and th r ift p l a n s ------------------------------A u to m a tio n fu n d s ---------------------------------------- 1 2 3 P e r hour P e r h our W orking tim e 1 0 0 .0 $ 3 .7 9 $ 3 .9 8 100 9 1 .7 $ 3 . 47 $ 3 . 65 88 3. 80 . 04 . 04 83. 1 2. 1 2. 0 3. 15 . 08 .0 8 1 .2 . 39 . 20 . 13 . 05 . 43 . 22 . 14 . 06 . 18 . 10 . 06 . 02 . .0 1 .0 1 4 .9 2. 7 1. 6 .4 .1 . . . . .5 7 4. . . 2 20 02 22 1 .6 02 (2 ) B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , 76. 4 2. 4 2. 4 3. 09 . 10 . 10 3. 37 . 11 . 11 . 19 . 11 .0 6 . 02 6. 8 3. 6 2. 4 .7 . 1 . 28 . 15 . 10 . 03 . 30 . 16 . 11 .0 3 (2 ) .0 7 (2 ) 2 .9 .1 (2 ) . 12 (2 ) (2 ) . 13 (2 ) 1 1 .4 . 47 . 51 . 14 .0 9 . 05 . 15 . 10 .0 5 . 14 .0 9 . 06 3. 1 1. 3 . 13 . 07 . 05 . 14 .0 8 .0 6 4. 7 1 .7 2. 4 .6 . 18 .0 6 .0 9 . 02 . 19 .0 7 . 10 .3 .6 5. 4 .1 . 34 . 10 . 22 . 01 .5 3 .0 4. 4 - . 39 . 14 . 20 - . 43 . 15 . 23 - .3 .8 . 01 . 04 . 01 . 04 s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u al t o t a l s . $ 3 .9 1 3. 31 . 08 . 08 . 33 (2 ) .0 2 - - (2 ) (2 ) 1 In c lu d e s s h ift d if f e r e n t ia l s not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t o r o n e - h a lf cen t. In c lu d e s o th e r le g a lly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s , p r in c ip a lly S ta te te m p o r a r y d is a b ility in s u r a n c e , not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . NOTE: $3. 59 . 14 . 08 . 05 . 32 . 11 . 18 . 01 .0 1 .0 2 $ 4 . 42 6 . 32 . 30 . 10 . 16 . 01 (2 ) $ 4 . 06 . .3 7. 2 2. 5 3 .9 .2 . 01 . 02 (2 ) .0 3. 6 2. 2 1 .4 . 15 .0 9 . 05 (2 ) .0 6 W orking tim e 8 . 14 . 08 .0 5 8 (2 ) P e r hour P a id fo r . 58 . 53 2 .0 1 .2 . 1 .4 P erc en t of com pen sa tio n P a id fo r 3 .0 1 .9 1. 1 (2) S te v e d o rin g f ir m s P e r h our 1 .8 8 2 . 37 .11 . 24 .0 1 (2 ) (2 ) . 01 (2 ) .01 C ) (2 ) (2 ) T a b le 13. P e r c e n t D istrib u tio n o f O ffic e E m p lo y e e s , b y E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu r e s fo r S e le c t e d C o m p e n sa tio n P r a c t i c e s , a s a P e r c e n t o f T o t a l E x p e n d it u r e s , W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n In d u str y , 1964 A v e r a g e ex p en d itu re (p e rc e n t of co m p en sa tio n ) C o m p an ie s with A ll e x p e n d itu re s c o m p a n ie s fo r the p r a c t ic e P r a c t ic e P e r c e n t o f e m p lo y e e s in c o m p a n ie s— T o ta l W ith no e x p e n d itu re s 1 f o r the U nder and p r a c t ic e 1 u n d er w itn e x p e n d itu r e s io r tne p r a c t ic e a s a p e r c e n t ot to ta i e x p e n d itu re s— 3 2 5 7 6 9 8 10 11 14 13 12 15 16 and 3 2 4 4 5 7 6 9 8 10 13 12 11 14 15 16 over A ll o ffic e em p lo y e e s P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts 1-----------------------------------O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , and h o lid a y w o r k ___ 1. 5 1. 5 .0 1. 9 2 100 100 23 23 4 40 40 P a y fo r le a v e tim e ----------------------------- ----V a c a tio n s ---------------------------------------------H o li d a y s ---------------- ----------------------------S ic k l e a v e ---------------------------------------------- 6 .9 3. 6 2. 3 .8 . l 7. 1 3. 8 2. 4 1. 1 .2 100 100 100 100 100 N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s _______________________ T e r m i n a l p a y m e n ts ___________________________ 3. 2 .2 5. . 8 8 100 100 46 76 21 L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in su r a n c e p r o g r a m s 3______ R e t ir e m e n t in co m e and p r o t e c t io n _______ U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a tio n _____________ 3. 2 .0 1. 2 3. 2 2 2. 0 1. 2 100 100 100 - 32 7. 2 2. 5 3. 9 .2 7. 7 2. 7 5 .7 4. 7 100 100 100 100 .1 3 .9 .2 100 100 P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p la n s --------------------------------L if e , a c c id e n t, and h e a lth i n s u r a n c e ____ P e n s io n and r e t ir e m e n t p l a n s ____________ V a c a tio n and h o lid a y fu n d s _ __ ______ S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and 55ITR fu n d s . S a v in g s an d th r ift p l a n s ___________________ A u to m atio n fun ds . 1 .4 (2 ) 2 100 13 13 11 41 4 22 - 2 6 8 1 (2 ) 3 2 6 5 5 29 44 34 55 7 17 32 (2 ) 7 (2 ) 1 12 5 14 34 95 12 2 95 93 96 3 (2 ) 5 5 3 33 6 11 7 7 5 37 55 2 27 55 8 7 6 22 22 4 11 1 (2 ) (2 ) 1 4 (2 ) 43 7 5 1 2 3 1 (2 ) (2 ) - - _ _ _ _ . _ (2 ) 7 4 4 2 (2 ) 1 (2 ) 7 _ 4 7 _ 1 _ 4 _ (2 ) 7 _ 1 1 4 _ 4 2 (2 ) (2 ) 1 _ (2 ) - - - - - - - 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (2 ) 2 2 7 15 7 3 18 21 1 7 9 4 (2 ) 8 12 6 13 4 3 10 10 10 1 1 (2 ) 4 1 1 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) _ 17 (2 ) (2 ) - _ _ 18 3 (2 ) 3 1 1 4 (2 ) 7 (2 ) 1 1 13 _ _ _ 10 2 1 1 _ _ _ _ 10 1 4 4 (2 ) (2 ) 1 2 4 2 2 1 _ _ _ 1 _ O ffice e m p lo y e e s of d e ep s e a sh ip p in g c o m p a n ie s P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts 1-----------------------------------O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , an d h o lid a y w o r k ___ 0 .8 .8 0 .9 .9 100 100 P a y fo r le a v e tim e ___________________________ V a c a tio n s __________________________________ H o lid a y s S ic k l e a v e C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e _________________ .4 4. 3 2. 7 1. 2 .2 8 .4 4. 3 2. 7 1. 2 .2 100 100 100 100 100 N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s _______________________ T e r m in a l p a y m e n ts ___________________________ 4. 4 .3 6 .6 1. 0 100 100 L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 3______ R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e and p r o t e c t io n _ U n e m p lo y m e n t c o m p e n s a t io n _____________ 3. 0 1. 9 1. 1 3. 0 1 .9 1. 1 100 100 100 P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p la n s ________________________ L i f e , a c c id e n t, and h e a lth i n s u r a n c e ____ .5 3. 0 4. 4 8. 5 3. 0 5. 8 100 .3 .8 .1 4. 0 100 100 P e n s io n an d r e t ir e m e n t p la n s S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and S T T R f u n d s .............. . _ __ S a v in g s an d th r ift p l a n s __ _ .......... ___ ___ 8 8 2 100 100 7 7 _ _ _ 3 16 31 66 _ - 73 73 _ 14 14 1 1 _ _ 1 12 _ 4 47 40 84 51 6 5 26 _ 6 > (*) (2 ) - 34 55 4 28 4 36 3 1 12 18 90 8 86 (2 ) 3 44 64 (*) (2 ) 4 1 1 (2 ) 32 37 - - - - (2 ) 11 6 33 4 _ 1 31 _ _ 29 29 _ _ 18 _ 3 _ _ 1 13 15 8 7 _ 2 5 28 6 6 15 4 8 2 2 (2) 6 _ _ 1 - " 23 1 1 1 (2 ) 10 _ 2 8 62 9 10 5 17 7 21 1 2 9 1 5 13 11 1 2 (2 ) (2 ) 12 (( z \) S e e fo o tn o te s at en d o f ta b le . CO T a b le 13. P e r c e n t D istrib u tio n o f O ffice E m p lo y e e s , b y E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu r e s fo r S e le c t e d C o m p e n sa tio n P r a c t i c e s , a s a P e r c e n t o f T o ta l E x p e n d it u r e s, W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n I n d u str y , 1964— C on tin u ed A v e r a g e e x p en d itu re (p e rc e n t of co m p en s ation ) C o m p an ie s w ith A ll e x p e n d itu re s c o m p a n ie s fo r the p r a c t ic e P r a c t ic e P e r c e n t o f e m p lo y e e si in c o m p a n ie s— T o tal W ith no 1 e x p e n d itu r e s fo r the U n d er and u nder p r a c t ic e 1 W ith e x p e n d itu r e s fo r the p r a c t ic e a s a p e r c e n t o f to ta l ex p e n d itu re s— 12 14 13 7 8 10 11 5 3 6 4 9 2 16 and 4 3 2 15 5 7 6 9 8 10 14 13 12 11 15 over 16 O ffic e e m p lo y e e s o f in lan d sh ip p in g c o m p a n ie s 4 4 3. 7 3. 5 100 100 45 45 18 18 5. 2 3. 0 1. 8 .9 .3 100 100 100 100 100 9 16 13 58 75 25 35 25 4. 1 .2 100 100 60 85 3. 6 .2 1 .4 100 100 100 - 28 100 100 27 34 54 91 9 15 - il z \/ 5. 5 2 . 2 4. 4 5. 8 1. 5 P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts 1-----------------------------------O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , an d h o lid a y w o r k ---- 2 .4 2. 4 2 .9 2. 9 100 100 14 14 P a y fo r le a v e tim e _ _ - ------- ----- — V a c a t i o n s _____ — — _ — — H o lid a y s ------ ------------------_ S ic k le a v e _ _ — — -- --------C iv ic an d p e r s o n a l le a v e _ _ __ _ _ 6 .8 3 .6 2 .4 .7 6 .9 3 .6 2 .4 1. 2 1 1 1 _ 1 1 7 28 46 . . P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts 1 __________________________ O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , an d h o lid a y w o r k ___ 2 P a y fo r le a v e tim e ____________________________ V a c a tio n s __ ___________ _____ ____ ____ H o li d a y s _____ ___ __ ------ --------------- S ic k l e a v e ----- --- ------- ----------------------C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e ________ - ------- 4. 9 2. 7 N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s ---- ------- ----------- _ T e r m i n a l p a y m e n ts ------------------------------------ 1.6 L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 3-------R e t ir e m e n t in co m e an d p r o t e c t io n ________ U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a t io n -----------------P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p l a n s _______________ _______ L if e , a c c id e n t, and h e a lth i n s u r a n c e ____ P e n s io n and r e t ir e m e n t p la n s _ ----- -— _ V a c a tio n an d h o lid a y f u n d s ---------------------s a v in g s an d tn rix t p la n s — ..... 2 1 0 1 .6 .4 . 1 (2 ) 3 .6 .2 1. 4 2 4. 7 1. 7 2 .4 .6 2 100 100 100 _ _ - “ _ _ _ - 1 - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - - 7 (2 ) 4 2 1 1 3 4 (2 ) - - - - (2 ) 14 7 11 2 9 (2 ) 2 - - 1 5 8 - 1 - 9 (2 ) - 8 1 8 1 1 - - - - - - 1 - 4 - - - - - (2 ) (2 ) g> (2 ) “ (?■ ) (2 ) _ 1 6 6 _ 1 5 2 10 . - _ _ - (2 ) - - 1 2 “ " ~ ” 2 21 21 55 18 18 9 13 17 3 (2 ) 6 17 25 - 7 7 3 1 22 35 - - 1 1 77 ]1 O ffic e e m p lo y e e s of st e v e d o r in g f ir m s 11 11 21 _ 21 - 3 25 40 6 7 10 37 16 14 20 22 44 9 15 (2 ) 41 6 22 6 51 2 5 23 7 - 7 " 8 8 3 “ (2 ) " (2 ) " 13 43 55 26 55 7 45 6 3 2 14 18 4 8 6 8 12 - 2 3 4 9 24 1 - - 1 (2 ) - _ 2 - _ 13 13 3. 1 - 1. 3 100 100 100 - 1 .8 1. 3 - (2 ) 32 P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p l a n s _______________________ _ L if e , a c c id e n t, an d h e a lth in s u r s i n c e -----P e n s io n and r e t ir e m e n t p la n s V a c a tio n and h o lid a y fu n d s S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and 8. 3 2 .6 8 .8 2. 7 .9 1 .9 100 100 7 7 4 5 5 .4 6 100 22 100 93 1. 1 100 100 100 99 98 80 (2 > . 1 4 .5 (2 ) . 2 (2 ) 31 31 43 15 5 7 2 2 _ - s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a l s . 1 1 _ _ - - - - 4 “ “ - 2 6 5 4 2 - 20 6 _ - 5 (?) (2 ) _ 5 4 - 4 8 - 6 - - - 5 1 - - 5 4 - - _ _ - - - - - 1 20 In c lu d e s s h ift d if f e r e n t ia l s not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s th an 0. 05 p e r c e n t o f c o m p e n s a tio n o r 0. 5 p e r c e n t o f e m p lo y e e s. In c lu d e s o th e r l e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s , p r in c ip a lly State t e m p o r a r y d is a b i li t y in s u r a n c e , not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . _ 1 25 45 1 .8 B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , _ - 1 1 3. 1 NOTE: _ - - L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 3„_____ R e t ir e m e n t in co m e an d p r o t e c t io n ________ U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a t io n ---- ------- ------ 1 2 3 g) (2 ) 1 6 53 77 S a v in g s an d th r ift p l a n s ----A u to m a tio n fun ds — -------------------------------------------- 1 1 11 1 1 100 100 C TTR _ 1 - 5. 3 .5 . 1 11 10 14 5 . 1 _ 1 1 6 2 .9 __ _ 4 4 32 . 1 _ !z2) (2 ) 5 4 12 36 13 7 3 8 6 16 20 11 (2 ) 4 3 15 . 1 N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s T e rm in a l paym ent _ 2 2 12 100 100 100 100 100 — __ 12 12 T a b le 14. P e r c e n t D istrib u tio n o f O ffic e E m p lo y e e s , by E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu r e s fo r S e le c t e d C o m p e n sa tio n P r a c t i c e s in C e n ts P e r P a id H o u r, W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n In d u str y , 1964 A v e r a g e ex p en d itu re (in c e n ts p e r hour) C o m p an ie s with A ll ex p e n d itu re s c o m p a n ie s fo r the p r a c t ic e P ra c tic e P e r c e n t o f e m p lo y e e s in c o m p a n ie s— With no 3 e x p e n d itu re s T o ta l fo r the U n d er and 3 p r a c t ic e u n d er 6 With e x p e n d itu re s in c e n ts p e r h o u r o f--9 6 12 15 Hi 21 24 27 30 “ 3T“ 39 42 4b 48' and 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 2 30 39 42 45 48 (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) 5 5 2 5 _ - 8 1 33 36 (2) (2) 3 3 2 5 7 (2 ) 8 3 (2 ) 2 1 - - over A ll o ffic e e m p lo y e e s P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts 1 ---------------------------------O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , and h o lid a y w o r k ---- $ 0 .0 6 P a y f o r le a v e t i m e ------------------------------------V a c a t i o n s ---------------------------------------------H o li d a y s ------------------------------------------------ .2 9 . 15 . 10 .0 6 $ 0 . 08 . 08 100 100 23 23 . 30 . 16 . 10 100 100 4 100 5 6 34 34 6 5 18 18 1 6 01 1 01 100 44 53 13 36 3 . 13 . 25 .0 3 100 46 76 6 2 100 17 . 14 .0 8 .0 5 . 14 .0 8 - .0 5 100 100 100 . 30 . 10 . 16 . 01 . 33 . 12 . 24 . 17 100 12 100 100 100 14 34 95 2 4 (2 ) . 01 . 02 (2 ) . 12 . 25 100 100 100 95 93 96 - .0 1 4 P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts 1 ----------------------------------O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , and h o lid a y w o rk ----- $ 0 . 04 . 04 $ 0 .0 4 .0 4 100 100 7 7 66 66 P a y fo r le a v e t i m e ------------------------------------V a c a t io n s ----------------------------------------------- . 39 . 20 . 13 . 05 . 01 . 39 . 20 . 13 . 06 100 100 100 100 100 - - 3 20 16 N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s ------------------------------p y . 100 31 .0 2 .2 9 .0 5 100 66 L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 3 ------R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e and p r o t e c t i o n ---------U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a t io n ------------------ . 14 .0 9 .0 5 . 14 .0 9 .0 5 100 P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p l a n s --------------------------------L i f e , a c c id e n t, an d h e a lth i n s u r a n c e -----P e n sio n and r e tir e m e n t p l a n s ----------------S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and S U B f u n d s -------------------------------------------S a v in g s and th r ift p l a n s -------------------------- . 39 . 14 . 20 .3 9 . 14 . 26 100 . 01 .0 4 . 12 . 25 100 100 11 20 C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e . N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s ------------------------------- .01 L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 3 ------- P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p l a n s --------------------------------L if e , a c c id e n t, and h e a lth i n s u r a n c e -----P e n sio n and r e tir e m e n t p l a n s ----------------S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and S U B fu n d s —— — — — — — ----—------ —----S a v in g s and th r ift p l a n s -------------------------- _ 5 1 (!) (2) 16 14 52 4 9 12 5 6 6 6 6 3 ! 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 4 13 18 3 5 17- 6 8 4 8 8 3 20 2 8 7 2 3 4 1 11 13 4 10 5 (2) 1 34 35 4 26 26 2 2 1 4 2 3 15 5 13 6 8 1 3 (2 ) 1 (2 ) 3 - (2) (2) (2) 1 9 11 (2) 5 7 10 1 3 - _ _ (2) 13 1 _ 5 . 5 _ 3 (2) _ _ _ _ _ 5 3 5 4 - (2) 3 6 1 1 2 (2) 3 (2) _ 4 - _ - _ - _ (2) _ - - 1 7 1 _ 6 5 ( !) (2) 2 _ 2 7 7 7 9 2 6 1 2 1 2 1 1 (2 ) 4 (2 ) 1 1 - (2 ) (2 ) (2) 3 5 46 26 11 - 3 3 416 (2 ) - - 1 1 - 1 O ffic e e m p lo y e e s o f d e e p s e a sh ip p in g c o m p a n ie s 20 .01 100 100 100 100 _ _ 1 18 18 _ - 12 3 3 _ 10 4 _ 3 1 3 32 46 - 34 3 1 16 _ 16 22 2 81 5 17 _ q7 _ 10 (2) ( !) (2) 23 2 1 7 4 6 - 90 - 8 - ■ 1 - 2 58 51 24 4 19 (2) . - 2 18 ( !) (2 ) 15 2 2 9 9 13 3 52 3 - 86 . (2) 24 36 g <2 ) 8 ■ (2) . _ 14 Q 7 1 1 - - - (2 ) 5 9 15 (2) 4 9 16 5 3 1 _ _ _ - 3 - 2 2 - - - - - 4 7 8 2 2 _ 8 _ 13 _ S 21 1 13 8 _ 9 1 4 _ - _ - - _ _ _ - - 1 14 2 _ 12 29 - (2) 3 _ - _ - 5 4 19 8 16 7 5 7 10 9 _ 1 2 - 8 - - 4 1 8 11 3 _ 3 • - - 1 2 2 1 - - - 3 _ 14 _ 3 _ 3 1 _ - 620 _ _ 7 " 2 - - S e e fo o tn o te s a t end o f ta b le . 0) (0 T a b le 14. P e r c e n t D istrib u tio n of O ffice E m p lo y e e s , by E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu r e s fo r S e le c t e d C o m p e n sa tio n P r a c t i c e s , in C en ts P e r P a id H o u r, W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n In d u str y , 1964— Continued P e r c e n t of e m p lo y e e s in c o m p a n ie s--- A v e r a g e ex p en d itu re (in ce n ts p e r h our) with A ll e x p e n d itu re s c o m p a n ie s fo r the p r a c t ic e With e x p e n d itu re s in ce n ts p e r h our of— T o ta l 4 4 11 20 21 4 13 14 14 4 8 3 13 1 12 16 .0 1 100 100 9 16 13 58 75 . 17 . 01 100 100 60 85 . 14 . 08 . 05 . 14 .0 8 .0 5 100 100 100 . 18 . 06 .0 9 . 02 (2) . 23 .0 9 . 17 . 22 . 11 100 100 100 P a y fo r le a v e tim e ■ V a c a t i o n s --------H o lid a y s S ic k le a v e ---------------------C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e ■ . 18 . 10 . 06 . 02 (2 ) . 20 . 12 . 07 . 04 100 100 N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s -------T e r m in a l p a y m e n ts ------------ . 06 (2) P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p la n s ----------------------------L i f e , a c c id e n t, and h e a lth in s u r a n c e ---P e n s io n and r e t ir e m e n t p l a n s ------------V a c a tio n and h o lid a y f u n d s -----------------S a v in g s and th r ift p l a n s ---------------------- 15 TZ 9 18 21 24 100 100 100 100 100 _ 12 13 27 _ 4 7 3 3 9 2 2 T 9 3 4 10 15 6 6 8 30 33 36 39 42 4? 48 _ 3 5 - 30 _ - 1 8 1 (2) 7 3 - 7 8 (2 ) (?) (2) 2 2 - - (2 ) - 1 _ - (2 ) - - " _ 1 9 9 2 48 42 36 2 45 39 33 over _ 2 9 - 2 1 7 1 (2 ) 7 1 5 4 - - (2) 3 - - 3 - 3 2 1 18 4 (2 ) 26 7 9 - (?) (2) 4 - 2 (2 ) - - - - - 15 6 11 9 (2 ) 3 _ 3 - 3 - - 1 1 - - 1 - - - - 4 - - 13 3 - " " _ (?) (2 ) (?) (2 ) 5 5 _ 1 1 3 34 27 - 5 44 32 27 34 54 91 99 8 10 8 3 15 " 6 . 16 15 4 “ 3 5 17 17 48 2 3 3 11 1 12 - 27 and 14 14 45 45 $ 0 . 13 . 13 L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 34567 R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e and p r o t e c t io n — U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a t io n ---------- 6 21 24 27 15 12 18 6 9 O ffic e e m p lo y e e s of in la n d sh ip p in g c o m p a n ie s $ 0 . 08 . 08 P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts 1 O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , and h o lid a y w o r k ----- 3 e x p e n d itu re s U n der and fo r the 3 u n d er p r a c t ic e 6 - 6 2 1 11 8 - 2 4 - “ - 1 8 ~ 1 O ffic e e m p lo y e e s o f ste v e d o r in g f ir m s P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts 1 O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , and h o lid a y w o r k --- $0 . . 10 10 $0 . . 11 100 100 11 14 14 4 4 _ 27 27 _ 14 14 27 27 1 22 33 35 11 2 1 - 5 - 10 - 4 - 4 1 (2 ) - 5 - 6 - - 4 1 - - - 5 10 40 23 9 26 15 7 1 1 - - - - - - - - 7 1 3 " 3 (2 ) 3 - 2 7 4 3 " (2 ) - ■ (2 ) 3 ■ (2 ) 3 2 - - - ■ “ 53 77 22 L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e and p r o t e c t io n ~ U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a t io n --------- . 13 . 07 .0 5 . 13 .0 7 . 05 100 _ 100 - - 100 - 22 P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p l a n s --------------------------L i f e , a c c id e n t, and h e a lth in s u r a n c e ■ P e n sio n and r e t ir e m e n t p l a n s ----------V a c a tio n and h o lid a y f u n d s --------------S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and S U B fun ds S a v in g s and th r ift p la n s A u to m a tio n f u n d s --------- . 34 . 10 . 22 . 01 . 36 . 11 . 28 . 06 100 100 7 7 100 22 100 93 (2) .0 9 . 22 . 01 100 100 99 98 80 - - 1 - - - 100 11 1 3 100 100 .0 1 - 1 . 26 . 02 (2 ) (2) 10 - ■ 5 . 12 (2 ) (2) 28 3 3 ■ 1 N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s — T e r m i n a l p a y m e n t s ------- _ 7 3 9 12 6 2 1 1 5 28 46 _ 4 18 52 3 14 2 2 8 100 100 100 100 100 17 47 - 5 . 28 . 15 . 10 . 04 . 01 2 _ (2) 1 . 28 . 15 . 10 . 03 (2) 1 0 3 7 16 (2) P a y fo r le a v e tim e ■ V a c a t i o n s --------H o lid a y s S ic k le a v e --------------------C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 _ 34 46 42 2 2 2 _ 39 14 5 5 7 21 1 14 13 4 1 1 1 5 2 2 22 10 6 2 " 4 24 " 1 1 1 3 (2 ) " 1 1 - - - - 2 - - 2 “ 2 ~ 717 5 “ - - 20 In c lu d e s sh ift d if f e r e n t ia l s not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a te ly . L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t o r o n e - h a lf ce n t. In c lu d e s o th e r l e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s , p r in c ip a lly S tate te m p o r a r y d is a b ility in s u r a n c e , not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . E m p lo y e e s w e re d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s ; 9 p e rc e n t at 48 and under 51 c e n ts ; 2 p e rc e n t a t 5 1 -5 4 c e n ts ; 1 p e r c e n t at 5 7 -6 0 c e n ts ; 1 p e rc e n t 1 p e r c e n t a t 81-8 4 c e n ts ; an d 1 p e r c e n t a t 8 7 -9 0 c e n ts . ^ , . 5 E m p lo y e e s w e re d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s ; 11 p e rc e n t a t 51 and u nder 54 c e n ts ; 2 p e r c e n t a t 6 0 -6 3 c e n ts ; 4 p e r c e n t a t 6 3 -6 6 c e n ts ; and 4 6 E m p lo y e e s w e r e d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s : 12 p e rc e n t a t 48 and under 51 c e n ts ; 2 p e r c e n t a t 5 7 -6 0 c e n ts ; 3 p e r c e n t a t 6 0 -6 3 c e n ts ; and 3 7 E m p lo y e e s w e r e d is tr ib u te d a s fo llo w s : 3 p e rc e n t a t 48 and under 51 c e n ts ; 1 p e r c e n t a t 5 4 -5 7 c e n ts ; 2 p e r c e n t at 5 7 -6 0 c e n ts ; 1 p e rc e n t 1 p e r c e n t a t 84—87 c e n ts ; an d 6 p e r c e n t a t 87—90 c e n ts. 1 2 3 4 NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s of in d iv id u a l it e m s nay not eq u al t o t a l s . a t 60—63 c e n ts ; 1 p e r c e n t a t 78—81 c e n ts; . . ,, ,Q . p e r c e n t a t 6 ^ 6 9 c e n ts. p e r c e n t a t 7 8 -8 1 c e n ts. a t 6 3 -6 6 c e n ts ; 3 p e r c e n t a t 8 1 -8 4 c e n ts; Chapter 5. Composition of Payroll Hours In t ro d u c t io n D u r in g 1 964, w o r k i n g t i m e a c c o u n t e d f o r 96 p e r c e n t o f a l l h o u r s f o r w h ic h w a t e r tran spo rtation em p lo y e rs m ade d ire c t p a y m e n t s to e m p l o y e e s . The r e la tio n sh ip of w o r k in g h o u r s to t o t a l p a i d h o u r s , h o w e v e r , v a r ie d c o n s id e r a b ly betw een differe n t gro u p s of em p loy ees. L o n g s h o r e m e n an d d e e p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l ' s w o r k in g t im e a c c o u n t e d f o r a l l b u t 2 and 3 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t i v e l y , o f t h e ir p a i d h o u r s ; inland v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s ' w o r k in g t im e m a d e up 94 p e r c e n t ; and the w o r k in g h o u r s o f the i n d u s t r y ' s o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s a c c o u n t e d f o r 92 p e r c e n t o f t h e ir p a y r o l l h o u r s . The v a ria tio n s in t h e s e r a t i o s r e f l e c t s the e x t e n t to w h ic h the d i f f e r e n t g r o u p s o f e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e d p a y f r o m t h e ir e m p l o y e r s f o r l e a v e t i m e . A lth o u g h few l o n g s h o r e m e n and d e e p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l w e r e p a id by t h e ir e m p l o y e r s for leave tim e, m o st of these em p lo y ees w o r k e d f o r f i r m s th a t a l s o m a d e c o n t r i b u tio n s to v a c a t i o n o r v a c a t i o n and h o li d a y fun ds w h ic h p a id w o r k e r s f o r t h e ir a c c u m u l a t e d l e a v e in a c c o r d a n c e w ith c o l l e c t i v e l y bargained fo rm u la s. E x p e n d i t u r e s by e m p l o y e r s to s u p p o r t t h e s e fu n d s w e r e e q u a l to the c o s t o f a b o u t 4 and 8 p e r c e n t o f a l l p a id h o u r s , f o r l o n g s h o r e m e n and d e e p s e a v e s s e l p erso n n el, re sp ectiv e ly . V a c a t i o n s , a c c o u n t in g f o r a b o u t 51 p e r c e n t o f a l l p a id l e a v e h o u r s f o r o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s , 66 p e r c e n t f o r l o n g s h o r e m e n , and 90 p e r c e n t f o r v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l , w e r e the m a j o r c o m p o n e n t o f p a i d l e a v e t im e in the w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y d u r i n g 1964. H o l i d a y h o u r s w e r e the s e c o n d l a r g e s t c o m ponent of p aid le a v e h o u rs for office e m p lo y e e s an d l o n g s h o r e m e n b u t w e r e v i r t u a l l y n o n e x i s t e n t f o r v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l . 33 4* S ick l e a v e f o r the i n d u s t r y ' s o f f i c e f o r c e a c co u n ted f o r a b o u t 1 ou t o f 8 p a id l e a v e h o u r s but o n ly 1 o u t o f 10 f o r v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l an d a b o u t 1 o u t o f 20 f o r l o n g s h o r e m e n . 34 V acatio n P a y P r a c t i c e s T h r e e ou t o f ten e m p l o y e e s in the w a t e r tra n sp o rta tio n i n d u s t r y re c e iv e d vacation p a y f r o m t h e i r e m p l o y e r in 1964. H o w e v e r , 33 See footnote 20 for a description of the industry's holiday practice for vessel personnel and the way that such hours were treated in this study. 4 Practically all of the sick leave payments were made by stevedoring firms to pier personnel who worked in supervisory ca pacities or in nonsupervisory positions not directly related to the handling of marine cargo. 8 out of 10 o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s , h a l f the o p e r a t in g e m p l o y e e s of i n la n d c a r r i e r s , a n d f e w e r th an 2 out of 10 l o n g s h o r e a n d d e e p s e a v e s s e l e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e d s u c h p ay . M o r e than t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f the o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s who r e c e i v e d p a i d v a c a t i o n s w e r e p aid for 2 o r 3 w e e k s , about on e-ten th w e re p a i d f o r l e s s than 2 w e e k s ; a n d a b o u t o n e tenth f o r 4 w e e k s o r m o r e . In g e n e r a l , o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s o f inland sh ip p i n g c o m p a n i e s w e r e l e s s l i k e l y to r e c e i v e a p a id v a c a t i o n o r w e r e p a id f o r l e s s v a c a t i o n t i m e than o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s in o t h e r s e c t o r s o f the i n d u s t r y . A lth o u g h on ly 15 p e r c e n t o f a l l d e e p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l r e c e iv e d paid v a c a tio n s , 10 p e r c e n t ( t w o - t h i r d s o f t h o s e that did) w e r e p a id f o r a t l e a s t 5 w e e k s o f v a c a t i o n and m o s t o f the o t h e r s w e r e p a i d f o r 4 w eeks. A lth o u g h h a l f o f a l l inland v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l got a p aid v a c a tio n , m o s t w e re p a i d f o r 1 o r 2 w e e k s and on ly 9 p e r c e n t (a b o u t o n e - f if t h o f the w o r k e r s who r e c e i v e d v a c a t i o n pay) w e r e p a i d f o r 5 w e e k s o r m o r e o f vacation tim e. P r o p o rtio n a lly few er lo n g sh o re m e n r e c e i v e d p a i d v a c a t i o n s than a n y o t h e r g r o u p of em p lo y e es stu died. O nly 13 p e r c e n t o f a l l l o n g s h o r e m e n r e c e i v e d p a id v a c a t i o n s in 19 64 , and m o s t o f th e m w e r e p a i d f o r 2 o r 3 w eeks. P a i d H o lid a y P r a c t i c e s P r o v is io n s for p a y i n g e m p lo y e e s for h o l i d a y s n ot w o r k e d v a r i e d w i d e l y in the w a te r tra n sp o rta tio n in d u stry. V essel p e r s o n n e l u s u a l l y w o r k e d 7 d a y s a w e e k and r e c e i v e d a p r e m i u m r a t e f o r w o r k on d e s i g n a t e d h o l i d a y s a n d g e n e r a l l y w e r e n o t p a id f o r h o l i d a y s n ot w o r k e d . 35 L o n g s h o r e m e n n o r m a l l y did n ot r e c e i v e a n y c o m p e n s a t i o n d i r e c t l y f r o m e m p l o y e r s f o r h o l i d a y s n ot w o r k e d , but p r e m i u m r a t e s a p p l i e d on h o l i days w orked. O nly 13 p e r c e n t o f a l l l o n g s h o r e m e n w e r e in c o m p a n i e s th a t p a i d f o r h o l i d a y s n ot w o r k e d , an d m o s t o f the w o r k e r s that r e c e i v e d h o li d a y p a y w e r e in s u p e r v i s o r y c a p a c i t i e s o r in n o n s u p e r v i s o r y p o s i t io n s not d i r e c t l y r e l a t e d to the h a n d lin g o f m arin e cargo. 33 See footnote 20 for detail about holiday pay practices for vessel employees. 41 42 In s h a r p c o n t r a s t to the h o li d a y p a y p r a c t i c e s th at a p p l i e d to v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l and l o n g s h o r e m e n , m o s t (84 p e r c e n t ) o f f i c e e m p l o y e e s w o r k e d f o r c o m p a n i e s th a t had a p r a c t i c e o f p r o v i d i n g t im e o f f w ith p a y on h o lid ay s. N e a r ly a ll office e m p lo y e e s of d e e p s e a s h ip p in g and c a r g o h a n d lin g c o m p a n i e s and a b o u t t w o - t h i r d s o f the o f f i c e w o r k f o r c e o f i n l a n d sh ip p i n g c o m p a n i e s r e c e iv e d paid h o lid ay s. In g e n e r a l , inland s h ip p i n g c o m p a n i e s g r a n t e d 8 p aid h o l i d a y s o r l e s s , w h e r e a s the p r e v a l e n t p r a c t i c e in d e e p s e a s h ip p in g and c a r g o h a n d lin g c o m p a n i e s w a s to p a y f o r 8 h o li d a y s o r m o r e , and 19 p e r c e n t o f the o f f i c e w o r k e r s in the l a t t e r s e c t o r s w o r k e d f o r c o m p a n i e s th a t p aid f o r 11 d a y s o r m o r e . R e g u la r ly Sch eduled W orkw eek for N on operating E m p lo y e e s In 19 64, the r e g u l a r l y s c h e d u l e d w o r k w e e k f o r the m a j o r i t y o f the w a t e r t r a n s p o r ta tio n i n d u s t r y ' s n o n o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s c o n s i s t e d o f 40 h o u r s . H o w e v e r , 35 and 3 7 l/z h o u r w o r k w e e k s w e r e r e g u l a r l y s c h e d u le d f o r a l a r g e m i n o r i t y o f t h e s e w o r k e r s . T a b le 15. E m p lo y e e g ro u p and ty p e o f co m p an y L e a v e H o u rs a s a P e r c e n t o f T o ta l P a id H o u r s , W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n I n d u str y , 1964 P a id le a v e h o u rs a s a p e rc e n t o f to ta l p a id h o u rs P e r c e n t o f e m p lo y e e s in c o m p a n ie s w ith — E m p lo y e e s in a ll C o m p a n ie s c o m p a n ie s (p e rc e n t) A ll th at p a id co m p a n ie s fo r le a v e h o u rs No p a id le a v e h o u rs U n der 1 -- 1-and u n d er 2 P a id le a v e h o u rs a s a p e r c e n t of to ta l p a id h o u rs— T ~ 3 4 8 7 10 9 11 12 13 14 15 and 3 5 4 6 7 12 13 10 11 3 1 3 5 2 1 - - - 14 13 13 17 5 10 8 11 15 1 16 24 2 27 3 18 38 3 7 1 1 2 1 1 8 _ - - - - - - - - - 8 9 14 15 over A ll p a id le a v e A ll e m p l o y e e s --------------------------D ee p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l ---Inlan d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l --------L o n g s h o r e m e n ---------------------N o n o p e ra tin g e m p l o y e e s -------D ee p s e a w a te r c a r r i e r s — Inlan d w a te r c a r r i e r s ------S te v e d o r in g f i r m s ------------- 3 .9 3. 2 5. 6 1 .9 7 .5 9 .8 4 .6 8. 1 4. 2 5 .0 7. 4 3. 4 7. 7 9. 8 5 .0 8. 1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 7 40 23 44 4 31 40 20 37 5 21 1 3 4 2 11 H 6 1 1 - - - - 9 14 5 1 3 2 1 7 4 2 1 1 1 2 1 - 2 - - - C) 2 4 (l ) - - - 6 (*) 1 - (') 1 3 6 11 - 13 1 5 1 9 - - 10 4 17 12 6 1 6 2 8 9 3 3 4 2 - - - - 6 1 26 29 29 13 14 1 17 11 10 43 2 7 25 49 5 13 3 2 5 9 1 2 - (l ) n (*) i - 1 1 2 i . . . _ . . . - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - 2 1 1 - 17 (l ) 2 (M 4 1 - n n 1 6 12 - - “ V a c a tio n s A ll e m p l o y e e s --------------------------D ee p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l ---Inlan d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l --------L o n g s h o r e m e n ---------------------N o n o p e ra tin g e m p l o y e e s -------D ee p s e a w a te r c a r r i e r s — In lan d w a te r c a r r i e r s -------S te v e d o r in g f i r m s ------------- 3 .0 3 .0 5. 3 1 .2 3 .8 4 .9 2 .5 4 .1 3. 2 4. 8 8. 2 2. 3 4. 1 4 .9 3 .0 4. 1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 8 41 33 47 6 51 40 11 34 5 - - 16 1 13 1 17 (l ) 10 5 7 (*) 16 4 4 (*) 10 1 8 1 9 21 2 (M - 1 - C) _ - . 2 _ . - 3 6 11 - _ _ - - H olidayis A ll e m p l o y e e s -------------------------D eep s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l ---Inlan d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l --------L o n g s h o r e m e n ---------------------N o n o p e ra tin g e m p l o y e e s -------D ee p s e a w a te r c a r r i e r s — Inlan d w a te r c a r r i e r s ------S te v e d o r in g f i r m s ------------ 0 .6 0 .7 _ - _ _ .5 2 .6 3 .3 1 .8 2 .9 1 . 1 2. 8 3. 3 2. 1 2 .9 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 10 100 100 50 5 _ 13 1 77 - 6 2 4 1 . . - - - - - - 2 13 12 16 10 1 30 18 35 47 7 28 49 6 25 1 11 18 3 14 - - - 39 11 1 25 4 - 1 1 2 ~ “ ■ ■ " - - 2 “ ~ S ic k le a v e A ll e m p l o y e e s ----------------------D ee p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l Inlan d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l ----L o n g s h o r e m e n -----------------N o n o p e ra tin g e m p lo y e e s D ee p s e a w a te r c a r r i e r s Inlan d w a te r c a r r i e r s — S te v e d o r in g f i r m s -------- 0 .3 .2 .3 . 1 1. 0 1 .4 .4 1. 1 0 .4 1 .4 .8 .5 1. 3 1 .5 .9 1. 5 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 37 86 67 84 29 3 58 28 56 7 16 14 19 11 29 16 6 4 16 2 44 79 12 31 1 2 (M 1 n 7 6 1 1 n - - 23 1 C) (M i - i (M i C iv ic and p e r s o n a l le a v e A ll e m p l o y e e s -------------:--------D ee p s e a v e s s e l p e r so n n e l Inlan d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l ----L o n g s h o r e m e n -----------------N o n o p e ra tin g e m p l o y e e s ---D e e p s e a w a te r c a r r i e r s In lan d w a te r c a r r i e r s — S te v e d o r in g f i r m s -------- 0.1 .2 . 1 .4 .2 .2 . 3 .2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 L e s s th an 0 . 5 p e r c e n t. NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro un din g, su m s o f in d iv id u al it e m s m a y not e q u a l t o t a l s . 58 93 87 91 44 16 75 46 42 7 13 9 55 84 25 51 - (*) 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - T a b le 16. P e r c e n t D istrib u tio n of E m p lo y e e s by N u m b e r of W eeks of V a c a tio n P a id F o r , W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n In d u stry , 1964 * * P e r c e n t of e m p lo y e e s in c o m p a n ie s withW o rk e rs in a ll co m p a n ie s E m p lo y e e g ro u p an d ty p e of co m p an y P a id v a c a t io n s ofNo paid v a c a tio n s T o ta l U nder 1 w eek 1 and u n der 2 w eeks 2 and u n der 3 w eeks 9 3 and u n der 4 w eeks A ll e m p l o y e e s ---------------- ----------------------- 100 70 30 1 4 D ee p s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l ------------------------------Inlan d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l ----------------------------------L o n g s h o r e m e n ------------------------------------------------ 100 100 100 85 51 87 15 49 13 (M 3 (l ) 1 13 2 (M 14 4 ( ) 6 6 N o n o p e ra tin g e m p l o y e e s --------------------------------D ee p s e a w a te r c a r r i e r s ---------------------------Inlan d w a te r c a r r i e r s --------------------------------S te v e d o rin g f i r m s -------------------------------------- 100 100 100 100 19 6 38 11 80 95 62 88 1 n i i 8 4 12 7 34 35 33 37 29 45 9 36 1 5 w ee k s and o v er 4 and u nder 5 w eeks 9 3 4 1 4 4 1 10 9 (l ) 7 11 3 7 4 (M 1 - L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t. NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u al to ta ls. T a b le 17. P e r c e n t D istrib u tio n of E m p lo y e e s by N u m ber of H o lid a y s P a id F o r , W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n In d u stry , 1964 P e r c e n t of e m p lo y e e s in c o m p a n ie s w ith— In d u stry g ro u p , e m p lo y e e g ro u p W o rk e rs in a ll No p aid c o m p a h o lid a y s n ie s D eep s e a v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l -----------------------Inlan d v e s s e l p e r s o n n e l ---------------------------L o n g s h o r e m e n ------------------------------------------ 100 100 100 100 100 87 N o n o p e ra tin g e m p l o y e e s -------------------------D eep s e a w a te r c a r r i e r s ---------------------Inlan d w a te r c a r r i e r s -------------------------S te v e d o rin g f i r m s --------------------------------- 100 100 100 100 16 3 36 5 P a id h o lid a y s of— U nder 5 _ 5 7 O v er 7 and u n d er 8 O v er 8 and u nder 9 9 O v er 9 and u nder 10 10 O v er 10 and u nder 11 ii O ver 11 _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ - - 2 - 1 - - - 6 - 1 - - ( M ( M (]) - 7 16 7 1 1 2 15 9 24 12 4 8 2 14 10 11 26 3 6 1 7 13 1 7 (l ) (l) " 12 21 17 ( !) ( ') n 5 5 15 6 12 1 4 C) 3 2 5 n 7 10 5 2 - _ 8 - B e c a u s e of ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y not eq u al to ta ls. 6 O v er 6 and u n der 7 . 3 1 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t. NO TE: O v er 5 and u nder 6 Appendix A. Expenditures as Proportions of Payroll In the b o d y of the t e x t , a l l s u p p l e m e n t a r y e x p e n d i t u r e s h a v e b e e n m e a s u r e d a s a p r o p o r t i o n of t o t a l c o m p e n s a t i o n . T h i s a p p r o a c h a l l o w s an e x a m i n a t i o n of the l e v e l and s t r u c t u r e of c o m p e n s a t i o n e x p e n d i t u r e s . H o w e v e r , f o r s o m e p u r p o s e s , it m a y b e d e s i r a b l e to e x a m i n e e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r p a y s u p p l e m e n t s in d i f f e r e n t w a y s . Tw o of the t e c h n i q u e s often u s e d a r e to e x p r e s s t h e s e o u t l a y s a s p e r c e n t a g e s of g r o s s o r of s t r a i g h t - t i m e p a y r o l l . 36 T h e a p p e n d i x t a b l e e x p r e s s e s s u p p l e m e n t a r y e x p e n d i t u r e s in t h e s e t e r m s . It sh o u ld b e n o ted th a t the s u p p l e m e n t s , w h en m e a s u r e d a s a p e r c e n t of g r o s s o r s t r a i g h t - t i m e p a y r o l l , can not b e a d d e d to o t h e r p a y r o l l s t a t i s t i c s s i n c e s o m e s u p p l e m e n t s a r e p a r t of p a y r o l l and o t h e r s a r e in a d d itio n to p a y r o l l . Straight-time payroll is derived by subtracting overtime, weekend, holiday, 45 and shift premiums from gross payroll. T a b le A - l . E m p lo y e r E x p e n d itu re s fo r S u p p le m e n tary C o m p e n sa tio n P r a c t i c e s , a s a P e r c e n t o f P a y r o ll , W ater T r a n s p o r t a t io n In d u str y , 1964 P e r c e n t of s t r a ig h t - t im e p a y r o ll P e r c e n t of g r o s s p a y r o ll V e ssel p e r so n n e l P r a c tic e A ll p lo y e e s D eep se a Inland V e sse l p e r so n n e l N o n o p e ra tin g e m p lo y e e s Long sh o re m en A ll W ater c a r r i e r s se a Inlan d S te v e d o rin g f ir m s A ll em p lo y e e s D eep se a Inlan d N o n o p e ra tin g e m p lo y e e s Long sh o re m en A ll W ater c a r r i e r s D eeP se a Inland S te v e d o rin g fir m s A ll c o m p a n ie s P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts 1 ---------------------------------O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , h o lid a y , and p e n a lty w o rk ---------------------------------------- 15. 7 27. 6 7. 2 13. 2 1. 7 0 .9 2. 2 2. 7 18. 7 38. 2 7. 7 15. 2 1 .7 0 .9 2. 3 15. 7 27. 6 7. 2 13. 2 1 .7 .9 2. 2 2. 7 18. 6 38. 2 7. 7 15. 2 1 .7 .9 2. 3 2. 8 P a y fo r le a v e tim e ------------------------------------V a c a t io n s ----------------------------------------------H o li d a y s -----------------------------------------------S ic k le a v e ---------------------------------------------C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e ------------------------ 3. 8 2. 8 .6 .3 (2 ) 3. 5 3. 3 _ .2 (2 ) 4. 6 4. 3 .3 (2 ) 1 .6 1 .0 .5 .1 (2) 7. 7 4. 1 2. 6 .9 .1 9. 5 4 .9 3. 1 1. 3 .2 5. 3 3. 0 1. 8 .5 .1 7. 4. 2. . . 7 1 7 8 1 4. 5 3. 3 .8 .4 (2 ) 4. 8 4. 5 4 .9 4. 6 - - .3 (2) .3 (2) 1 .8 1. 2 .5 . 1 (2) 7. 8 4. 1 2. 6 1 .0 .1 9. 6 4 .9 3. 1 1. 3 .2 5. 4 3. 0 1 .8 .5 .1 7 .9 4. 2 2. 8 .9 .1 N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s -------------------------------T e r m in a l p a y m e n ts ------------------------------------ .9 .1 .1 (2 ) 1. 1 (2 ) .2 (2) 3. 5 .2 5 .0 .4 1. 8 (2 ) 3. 3 . 1 1. 1 . 1 . 1 .1 1. 2 .1 .2 (2) 3. 6 .2 5. 0 .4 1 .8 (2 ) 3. 4 .1 L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 3 ------R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e and p r o t e c t io n ----------U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a t io n ------------------ 4. 5 2. 7 1 .8 4. 6 2. 7 1 .9 4. 4 2. 7 1. 7 5. 1 , 2 .9 2. 2 3. 6 2. 2 1 .4 3. 4 2. 2 1. 2 3 .9 2. 4 1. 5 3. 5 2. 1 1 .4 5. 4 3. 2 2. 2 6. 3 3. 7 2. 6 4. 8 2 .9 1. 8 5 .9 3. 4 2. 5 3. 7 2. 3 1 .4 3. 5 2. 2 1 .2 4. 0 2. 4 1. 5 3. 6 2. 1 1 .5 8. 2. 4. . 0 7 4 3 9. 6 3. 4 5. 0 - 5. 1. 2. . 1 8 6 6 9. 3 2 .9 6. 1 . 1 3 6 0 5 5. 4 2. 6 2. 6 (2) 18. 5 5. 8 6. 1 6 .0 8. 2. 4. . 1 8 5 3 9 .7 3. 4 5. 1 - 5. 2 1 .8 2. 7 .7 9. 3. 6. . . 1 .5 (2 ) .3 .9 " (2 ) .2 (2 ) .4 .8 (2) _ .2 (2 ) . 1 " .3 .1 .5 (2 ) .3 .9 " (2 ) (2) .2 (2) 10. 4 15. 4 2. 3 1 .0 4. 2 3 .4 10. 4 15. 3 2. 2 1 .0 4. 1 3. 4 8 .0 4. 2 2. 8 1. 3 .2 P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p la n s --------------------------------L if e , a c c id e n t, and h e a lth in s u r a n c e ------P e n s io n and r e tir e m e n t p l a n s ----------------V a c a tio n and h o lid a y f u n d s ---------------------S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and S U B f u n d s -------------------------------------------S a v in g s and th r ift p l a n s -------------------------A u to m a tio n f u n d s ----------------------------------- 16. 4. 5. 5. 3 5 5 7 .2 .3 . 1 1 5 2 5 5. 0 2. 4 2. 4 (2) .3 .6 (2) . 1 " 24. 5. 7. 10. 16. 5. 5. 5. 1 1 3 2 .1 . .3 19. 5. 6. 6. 3 3 6 7 .2 .4 . 1 33. 7. 10. 14. - _ 2. 8 6 0 2 1 C o m p a n ie s w ith e x p e n d itu re s P r e m iu m p a y m e n ts 1 ----------------------------------O v e r tim e , w ee k e n d , h o lid a y , and p e n a lty w o r k ---------------------------------------- 16. 5 16. 5 27. 7 27. 7 9 .4 9 .4 P a y f o r le a v e t i m e ----------------:--------------------V a c a tio n s ---------------------------------------------H o l i d a y s -----------------------------------------------S ic k le a v e --------------------------------------------C iv ic and p e r s o n a l l e a v e ------------------------ 4. 0 3 .0 .7 .4 .1 5. 5 5. 3 5. 8 6. 2 1. 3 .2 N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s -------------------------------T e r m in a l p a y m e n t s ------------------------------------ 1. 3 .2 L e g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s 3 ------R e t ir e m e n t in c o m e and p r o t e c t i o n --------U n e m p lo y m en t c o m p e n s a t io n -----------------P r iv a t e w e lfa r e p la n s --------------------------------L if e , a c c id e n t, and h e a lth i n s u r a n c e -----P e n s io n and r e tir e m e n t p l a n s ----------------V a c a tio n and h o lid a y f u n d s ---------------------S e v e r a n c e o r d i s m i s s a l p a y and S a v in g s and th r ift p l a n s -------------------------A u to m a tio n fun ds ----------------------------------- 13. 3 13. 3 2. 2 2. 2 1 .0 1 .0 4. 1 3 .9 3. 3 3. 3 7. 4 7. 1 _ 1 .7 .2 6. 4 6 .8 .9 .1 3. 2. 1. . . 4 3 1 5 4 8. 0 4. 3 2 .7 1. 3 .2 9. 6 4 .9 3. 1 1 .4 .2 6. 1 .6 1. 6 .2 1 .0 .4 3. 1 7. 7 .4 (2) 6. 5 .9 7. 4 1. 2 4. 5 .3 6. 2 .6 3 .9 2. 4 1. 5 3. 5 2. 1 1. 4 5. 4 3. 2 2. 2 6. 3 3. 7 2. 6 4. 8 2 .9 1. 8 5 .9 3. 4 2. 5 3. 7 2. 3 1 .4 3. 5 2. 2 1. 2 4. 0 2. 4 1. 5 3. 6 2. 1 1 .5 9. 7 3. 4 6. 6 - 6. 2. 4. 7. 9 .9 3. 1 7 .9 2. 1 3 6 0 6 5. 7 2 .9 4. 1 1 .0 18. 5 5 .8 6. 3 7. 5 8. 3. 6. 6. 8 1 6 2 9 .7 3. 4 6. 7 - 6. 2. 5. 7. 2. 5 4. 6 - 1 .9 4. 7 . 1 . 3. 7 1. 6 - 1. 3 2 .4 4. 6 .3 2. 5 4. 6 • 1 .6 .8 .1 9 .5 4 .9 3. 1 1 .4 .2 5. 7 3. 3 1 .9 1 .0 . 3 7. 4. 2. 1. . .7 .3 2 .9 7. 0 .3 (2) 6. 4 .9 7. 4 1. 2 4. 5 . 3 4. 5 2. 7 1 .9 4. 6 2. 7 1. 9 4. 4 2. 7 1 .7 5. 1 2 .9 2. 2 3. 6 2. 2 1 .4 3. 4 2. 2 1. 2 16. 5 4. 6 5 .9 8. 1 24. 1 5. 5 7. 2 1 1 .7 5. 3 2 .7 3. 7 1 .0 16. 1 5. 1 5. 5 6 .4 8. 3. 6. 5. 6 1 5 5 1 .4 3. 3 .6 1 .4 3. 7 . 1 1 .0 ' 2. 4 4. 5 .3 3 .0 . .9 1 5 9 0 _ 8 1 7 3 2 1. 2 5. 6 . 3 4. 3. . . . 19. 5. 7. 10. 7 5 1 0 1. 8 3. 9 .7 1 In clu d e s s h ift d if f e r e n t ia l s not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a te ly . 2 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t 3 In clu d e s o th e r le g a l ly r e q u ir e d in s u r a n c e , p r in c ip a lly S ta te te m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e , not p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . NO TE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u al to ta ls. 38. 4 7 5 8 5 1 7 .9 4. 2 2. 6 1. 3 .2 _ 19. 8 38. 4 5. 8 3. 4 2 .0 1 .0 .3 3. 1 2. 1 1 .0 .4 .3 _ 19. 8 33. 7. 10. 16. _ 1. 2 2 5 1 8 _ _ 10. 3. 8. 2. 2 2 2 3 1. 2 5. 8 .3 Appendix B. Scope and Method of Survey S c o p e o f S u r v e y and I n d u s t r y C l a s s i f i c a t i o n T h is stu d y of e m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r the c o m p e n s a t i o n of e m p l o y e e s c o v e r s a l l c o m p a n i e s in SIC 44— W a te r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n ( e x c e p t f o r t h o s e in SIC 44 64— c a n a l o p e r a t i o n ) — c l a s s i f i e d in a c c o r d a n c e with the 1957 e d i ti o n o f the S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l (SIC) and 1963 S u p p le m e n t p r e p a r e d by the U. S. B u r e a u o f the B u d g e t . T h is m a j o r i n d u s t r y g r o u p i n c l u d e s p r i v a t e l y ow ned c o m p a n i e s e n g a g e d in f r e i g h t and p a s s e n g e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n on the d e e p s e a s o r in la n d w a t e r s , a n d s t e v e d o r i n g and o t h e r c o m p a n i e s f u r n i s h ing s e r v i c e s i n c id e n t a l to w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . S h ipp in g f i r m s o p e r a t i n g u n d e r f o r e i g n f l a g s w e r e in c lu d e d in th is stu d y . H ow ever, d ata obtained fro m th e se f i r m s w ere lim ite d to i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t e m p l o y e e s who w e r e b a s e d and p a i d in the U n ited S t a t e s . F or purposes o f th is stu dy , a l l c o m p a n i e s in the i n d u s t r y w e r e g r o u p e d into t h r e e s e g m e n t s — D e e p s e a c a r r i e r s , Inland c a r r i e r s , and S t e v e d o r i n g . T h e s e s e g m e n t s in c lu d e the f o llo w in g i n d u s t r i e s a s d e f in e d in the SIC M a n u a l: D e e p s e a c a r r i e r s — S I C ' s 441 and 4 42 ; In land c a r r i e r s — S I C ' s 443, 444, 445, and 4 4 6 9 ; and S t e v e d o r i n g — SIC 4 4 6 3 . D a t a r e l a t e to the c a l e n d a r y e a r 1964 and a r e l i m i t e d to i r r e v o c a b l e c a s h d i s b u r s e m e n t s o f e m p l o y e r s (th u s e x c l u d in g a m o u n t s s e g r e g a t e d in b o o k k e e p i n g t r a n s a c t i o n s o v e r which the c o m p a n y r e t a i n e d c o n tro l) f o r the c o m p e n s a t i o n o f e m p l o y e e s , and the h o u r s f o r which e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e d p a y f r o m t h e ir e m p l o y e r s ( p a y r o l l h o u r s ) . D e fin itio n o f T e r m s 321 C o m p e n s a t i o n , f o r p u r p o s e s o f th is study, i s d e f in e d a s the s u m o f the p a y m e n t s , s u b j e c t to F e d e r a l w ithho ld ing t a x e s , m a d e by e m p l o y e r s d i r e c t l y to t h e ir e m p l o y e e s b e f o r e d e d u c t i o n s o f an y type, and the e x p e n d i t u r e s m a d e by e m p l o y e r s f o r l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d i n s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s and p r i v a t e w e l f a r e p l a n s to p r o v i d e the w o r k e r with f u ll— o r p a r t i a l — e c o n o m i c s e c u r i t y a g a i n s t a f u t u r e co n tin g e n c y ( e . g . , u n e m p l o y m e n t, r e t i r e m e n t , m e d i c a l expen ses, e tc .). P a i d h o u r s c o n s i s t of a g g r e g a t e h o u r s w o rk e d , p a i d l e a v e h o u r s , r e s t p e r i o d s , c o ff e e b r e a k s , m a c h i n e d o w n tim e , and o t h e r n o n l e a v e h o u r s p a i d f o r bu t not w o rk ed , f o r which e m p l o y e r s m a d e d i r e c t p a y m e n t s to w o r k e r s d u r i n g the y e a r . W orking t i m e e x c l u d e s p a i d l e a v e t im e . E x p e n d i t u r e r a t i o s f o r " a l l c o m p a n i e s " r e p r e s e n t the e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r the p r a c t i c e d i v i d e d by t o t a l c o m p e n s a t i o n f o r a l l c o m p a n i e s — both t h o s e with and without e x p e n d i t u r e s — w h e r e a s , the r a t i o s f o r " c o m p a n i e s with e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r the p r a c t i c e " r e l a t e the s a m e e x p e n d i t u r e s to the t o t a l c o m p e n s a t i o n of on ly t h o s e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s that r e p o r t e d an a c t u a l expen diture. The e x p e n d i t u r e r a t e s r e p r e s e n t the s a m e e x p e n d i t u r e s d i v i d e d by the c o r r e sp o n d in g m a n - h o u r s . The e x p e n d i t u r e f o llo w in g f o r m u l a s : 1. r a t i o s u s e d in the bod y o f th is r e p o r t w e r e o b t a in e d by u s i n g the E x p e n d i t u r e s a s a p e r c e n t of c o m p e n s a t i o n _______ E x p e n d i t u r e f o r the p r a c t i c e _____________ Total co m pen satio n (c o m p r ise d of g r o s s pay r o ll , p r i v a t e w e l f a r e , and l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d in su ran ce expen ditures). 2. E x p en d itu r es p e r paid hour = _______ E x p e n d i t u r e f o r the p r a c t i c e _____________ T o t a l p a i d h o u r s in c lu d in g h o u r s of p a i d l e a v e . 3. E x p e n d i t u r e s p e r w o r k in g h o u r = T otal E x p e n d i t u r e f o r the p r a c t i c e p aid h o u rs m in u s h o u rs of p aid le a v e . 47 x 100 48 The p r a c t i c e s s t u d ie d , which a r e i t e m i z e d in the t a b l e s , a r e b e l i e v e d to c o m p r i s e the m a j o r e l e m e n t s of c o m p e n s a t i o n f o r w o r k e r s in the w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i n d u s t r y . Som e o f the o m i t t e d p r a c t i c e s , h o w e v e r , m a y o c c a s i o n i m p o r t a n t e x p e n d i t u r e s in p a r t i c u l a r c o m pan ies. A m o n g the e x c l u d e d p r a c t i c e s w e r e e x p e n d i t u r e s f o r s u c h f a c i l i t i e s and p r a c t i c e s a s in p la n t m e d i c a l c a r e , m a i n t e n a n c e and c u r e , p e r q u i s i t e s a n d a l l o w a n c e s in l ie u of p erq u isites. The o t h e r t e r m s u s e d in t h is b u ll e t i n a r e d e f in e d on the q u e s t i o n n a i r e f o r m , p r o d u c e d in a p p e n d i x C, that w a s u s e d in the stu d y . re C o lle ctio n of D ata D a t a w e r e c o l l e c t e d p r i m a r i l y by p e r s o n a l v i s i t s . H ow ever, m a il q u e stio n n a ire s w e r e s e n t to a f e w c o m p a n i e s in the s a m p l e . P e r s o n a l v i s i t s a l s o w e r e m a d e to a s a m p l e o f c o m p a n i e s w hich had not r e s p o n d e d to m a i l r e q u e s t s . S am p lin g P r o c e d u r e The s u r v e y w a s c o n d u c te d on the b a s i s o f a h ig h ly s t r a t i f i e d p r o b a b i l i t y s a m p l e . The l i s t of c o m p a n i e s f r o m which the s a m p l e w a s s e l e c t e d w a s d e v e l o p e d f r o m l i s t s m a i n t a in e d by the S t a te a g e n c i e s a d m i n i s t e r i n g the u n e m p l o y m e n t c o m p e n s a t i o n l a w s . The s a m p l e w a s s e l e c t e d w ithin the i n d u s t r y so a s to y i e l d the m o s t a c c u r a t e e s t i m a t e s p o s s i b l e with the r e s o u r c e s av a ila b le. T h i s w a s done by in c lu d in g in the s a m p l e a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n of l a r g e r a t h e r than s m a l l c o m p a n i e s . In g e n e r a l , a c o m p a n y ' s c h a n c e of s e l e c t i o n w a s ro u g h ly p r o p o r t i o n a t e to i t s e m p l o y m e n t s i z e . D a t a w e r e o b t a i n e d f r o m c o m p a n i e s e m p l o y i n g a p p r o x i m a t e l y 78, 500 w o r k e r s — a b o u t o n e - t h i r d o f the t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t in the i n d u s t r y d u r i n g 1964. M ethod o f E s t i m a t i o n D a t a f o r e a c h s a m p l e c o m p a n y w e r e w e ig h t e d in a c c o r d a n c e with the p r o b a b i l i t y of s e l e c t i o n o f that c o m p a n y . F o r i n s t a n c e , w h e r e 1 c o m p a n y out o f 2 w a s s e l e c t e d in a s i z e - i n d u s t r y c l a s s , it w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s r e p r e s e n t i n g i t s e l f a s w e ll a s a n o t h e r c o m p a n y , i . e . , it w a s g i v e n a w eig h t of 2. T h u s, if the c o m p a n y h a d 1 , 0 0 0 h o u r s o f p a i d v a c a t i o n l e a v e an d 50, 000 h o u r s o f p a i d h o u r s of a l l c l a s s e s , it w ould c o n t r i b u t e 2, 000 v a c a t i o n h o u r s and 100, 000 t o t a l h o u r s to the f i n a l e s t i m a t e . R epo rtin g P r o b le m s S e p a r a t e d a t a by c o m p a n y and type o f s u p p l e m e n t a r y c o m p e n s a t i o n p r a c t i c e w e r e c o l l e c t e d in m o s t c a s e s . H o w e v e r , a l l c o m p a n i e s do not k e e p r e c o r d s in a m a n n e r that e n a b l e s them to f u r n i s h a c t u a l f i g u r e s in t h is d e t a il , an d s o m e a p p r o x i m a t i o n s had to be accepted. E s t i m a t e s , u s i n g c o l l a t e r a l d a ta , w e r e m a d e in c e r t a i n c a s e s w h e re r e c o r d s w e r e not k e p t o r w e r e s u m m a r i z e d only f o r s p e c i f i c p r a c t i c e s . It sh o u ld be n oted that e r r o r s in the u s e of e s t i m a t i n g p r o c e d u r e s would h a v e to be in the s a m e d i r e c t i o n in e a c h c a s e ( o v e r s t a t e m e n t o r u n d e r s t a t e m e n t of a c t u a l v a l u e s ) to h a v e a c u m u l a t i v e e f f e c t on the a c c u r a c y o f the r e s u l t s . Appendix C. Questionnaire Budget Bureau No. 44-6542 Approval expires 6-30-66 BLS 2863 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B U R E A U O F L A B O R STA TISTIC S W ash in g to n , D.C. 20212 Employer Expenditures for Selected Compensation Practices in Transportation Industries, 1964 C o m p a n y I d e n t if i c a t io n Your reply will be held in confidenceThis report should cover all units of the company which are primarily engaged in transportation activ ities, and should not be limited to activities at the address shown. If the company was engaged in two or more substantially different transportation activ ities, e. g ., oil tanker and pipeline operations, separate reports should be submitted. 1. Principal Transportation Activity (C h e c k on ly one box) A. | l I n t e r c i t y b u s lin e F. [ l M arin e c a r g o handling B. | l L o c a l o r suburban tra n sit G. | C. I | A ir tr a n s p o r ta tio n , cated c a r r ie r D. | H. | | P ip elin es, except n atu ral gas E. I I. | l O th e r ( s p e c i f y ) ______________ l T axicab o p erato r | D eep s e a fo re ig n tr a n sp o rta tio n | O ther w a te r t r a n s p o r ta tio n 2. c e rtifi Employment F o r e a c h e m p l o y e e c a t e g o r y , e n t e r the t o t a l n u m b e r o f f u l l - a n d p a r t - t i m e e m p l o y e e s on the p a y r o l l who w o r k e d o r r e c e i v e d p ay f o r any p a r t o f the p a y r o l l p e r i o d w h ic h in c lu d e d S e p t e m b e r 12, 1 9 6 4 . In clu d e o f f i c e r s o f c o r p o r a t i o n s , but e x c l u d e p r o p r i e t o r s and p a r t n e r s o f u n i n c o r p o r a t e d f i r m s . A lso exclud e p en s i o n e r s a n d m e m b e r s o f the A r m e d F o r c e s on a c t i v e duty c a r r i e d on the r o l l s but not w o r k in g d u r i n g the p e r i o d . ( D e f in it i o n s o f the t e r m s " o p e r a t i n g " and " n o n o p e r a t i n g " e m p l o y e e s a r e on p a g e 2 o f t h i s q u e s t i o n n a i r e . If t h e r e w e r e no w o r k e r s in one o f the e m p l o y e e c a t e g o r i e s , e n t e r " n o n e . ") Em ploym en t O p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s ------------------- -------------------N o n o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s -------------- -------------------For BLS use only Sch edule num ber Reg. State C ity size SIC 49 E st. size W eight Sp ecial char. 50 G E N E R A L EX PLA N A TIO N S P l e a s e a n s w e r the q u e s t i o n s wh ich follow s e p a r a t e l y f o r o p e r a t i n g and n o n o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s . If r e c o r d s do not p e r m i t r e p o r t i n g s e p a r a t e f i g u r e s f o r the two g r o u p s , and e s t i m a t e s c a n n o t be m a d e , e n t e r a c o m b i n e d f i g u r e and i n d ic a t e th at it i s f o r o p e r a t i n g and n o n o p e r a t i n g em ployees. O p e r a t i n g E m p l o y e e s a r e s u p e r v i s o r y and n o n s u p e r v i s o r y e m p l o y e e s who w o r k a b o a r d m o v i n g v e h i c l e s , s u c h a s b u s and t a x i d r i v e r s ; m a r i n e e n g i n e e r s , s e a m e n , c o o k s ; and a i r l i n e p i l o t s . H o w e v e r , e x c lu d e w o r k e r s who m e r e l y m o v e v e h i c l e s to o r f r o m l o a d i n g , m a i n t e n a n c e , o r p a r k i n g a r e a s and o p e r a t o r s o f c o n s t r u c t i o n e q u i p m e n t o r loadin g d e v ic e s su ch a s b a g g a g e or fo rk lift t r u c k s . R e p o rts for m a r i n e c a r g o h a n d lin g sh o u ld t r e a t a l l p i e r p e r s o n n e l a s o p e r a t i n g em ployees. N o n o p e r a t i n g E m p l o y e e s i n c lu d e a l l s u p e r v i s o r y and n o n s u p e r v i s o r y e m p l o y e e s not c l a s s i f i e d a s o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s , s u c h a s p u m p m e n , s h o p m a i n t e n a n c e e m p l o y e e s , an d o f f i c e w o r k e r s . R e p o r t s f o r p i p e l i n e s sh o u ld t r e a t a l l e m p l o y e e s a s n o n o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s . If the only f i g u r e a v a i l a b l e c o m b i n e s d a t a f o r s e v e r a l l i n e s on t h is q u e s t i o n n a i r e , r e p o r t the c o m b i n e d f i g u r e and b r a c k e t the l i n e s i n c l u d e d o r o t h e r w i s e i n d i c a t e w h at i s in c lu d e d in the f i g u r e ’ r e p o r t e d . If e x a c t i n f o r m a t i o n i s not a v a i l a b l e f o r a n i t e m , w h e r e p o s s i b l e p l e a s e p rovide a c a re fu lly c o n sid e re d e s tim a te . If any o f the f i g u r e s r e p o r t e d a r e e s t i m a t e d , p l e a s e l i s t on p a g e 8 the i t e m s w h ich w e r e e s t i m a t e d and i n d i c a t e how the e s t i m a t e s w e r e m a d e . I F NO E X P E N D I T U R E S O R M A N - H O U R S W E R E I N V O L V E D D U R IN G 1964 F O R A G I V E N I T E M , E N T E R " 0 " IN T H E A P P R O P R I A T E S P A C E . P L E A S E DO N O T L E A V E A NY L I N E S B L A N K . C O M P A N I E S IN T H E A IR T R A N S P O R T A T I O N , M A R I T I M E , I N T E R C I T Y B U S , AND L O C A L T R A N S I T I N D U S T R I E S S H O U L D R E A D T H E A CC O M PA N Y IN G S U P P L E M E N T A R Y E X P L A N A T IO N S H E E T B E F O R E C O M P L E T IN G THIS Q U EST IO N N A IR E. 51 3. Payments Made Directly to Employees as Part of the Payroll in 1964 In t h i s s e c t i o n r e p o r t only p a y m e n t s w h ich w e r e p a r t of the c o m p a n y ' s 19 6 4 g r o s s p a y r o l l . In clu d e only p a y m e n t s to e m p l o y e e s a s d e f in e d in I t e m 2. Do not r e p o r t p a y m e n t s to f u n d s , t r u s t e e s , i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n i e s , o r g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s ; t h e s e p a y m e n t s sh o u ld be r e p o r t e d in I t e m 5. A. G r o ss P ay ro ll: E n t e r t o t a l e m p l o y e e e a r n i n g s d u r i n g 1964, b e f o r e d e d u c t i o n s . T h i s a m o u n t s h o u ld e q u a l the s u m of the f i g u r e s sh ow n on in d iv id u a l e m p l o y e e s ' W -2 f o r m s u n d e r the h e a d i n g " T o t a l W a g e s P a i d " ------------------------------------------------------- B. E m p l o y e r p a y m e n t s to O p e r a t i n g N on op e r at lfig em p loy ees em ployees $ P aid L e a v e : E n t e r t o t a l a m o u n t s p a i d d i r e c t l y to e m p l o y e e s f o r e a c h ty p e o f l e a v e . In clu d e p a y m e n t s u n d e r f o r m a l p l a n s a n d i n f o r m a l s a l a r y c o n t in u a tio n p l a n s . If e m p l o y e e s w o r k e d on p a i d h o l i d a y s o r d u r i n g v a c a t i o n s and r e c e i v e d both p a y i n s t e a d of t i m e o ff a n d p a y f o r w o r k p e r f o r m e d , in c lu d e h e r e only the p a y in l i e u of t i m e o ff. 1. V a c a t i o n s -------------------------------------------------------2. H o l i d a y s --------------------------------------------------------3. S i c k l e a v e ------------------------------------------------------4. M i l i t a r y , j u r y , w i t n e s s , v o tin g , and p e r s o n a l le a v e (excluding pay fo r se rv in g a s a w itn e ss f o r the e m p l o y e r ) ------------------------------------------- C. P r e m iu m s Above R e g u la r P ay: 1. P r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e , w e e k e n d , and h o li d a y w o r k . E n t e r t o t a l p a y m e n t s a b o v e th e r e g u l a r str a ig h t- tim e pay fo r w ork p e r fo r m e d . F o r e x a m p l e , if o v e r t i m e i s p a i d f o r a t t i m e and o n e - h a l f , r e p o r t on ly the h a l f - t i m e h e r e . F o r w o r k on h o l i d a y s , e x c l u d e p a y at the r e g u l a r r a t e f o r w o r k p e r f o r m e d an d p a y in l i e u o f t i m e o ff; r e p o r t on ly p a y m e n t s a b o v e t h e s e s u m s (that i s , if t o t a l p ay f o r h o lid a y w o r k i s d o u b le t i m e and o n e - h a l f , in c lu d e o n ly the h a l f - t i m e p a y h e r e ) ---------------------------2. Shift d i f f e r e n t i a l s . E n t e r t o t a l p a y m e n t s a b o v e r a t e s f o r the d ay s h i f t . If l a t e - s h i f t w o r k e r s r e c e i v e 8 h o u r s ’ p a y f o r 7 1fz h o u r s ' wo r k , c o m p a r e d with i 8 h o u r s ' w o r k f o r the da y shift, r e p o r t thr V2 h o u r ' s p a y a s a shift d i f f e r e n t i a l ---------------- L_ ■ ■ .... . _ 52 D. N o n p r o d u c t io n B o n u s e s : R e p o r t t o t a l c a s h b on us p a y m e n t s th a t w e r e not d i r e c t l y r e l a t e d to e m p l o y e e s ' p r o d u c t i o n . I n c lu d e y e a r e n d and C h r i s t m a s b o n u s e s and atten d an ce, longevity, sa fe ty , su g g e stio n , m e r it, and r e l a t e d a w a r d s . A l s o in c lu d e c a s h f r o m p r o f i t - s h a r i n g p l a n s a c t u a l l y p a i d out to e m p l o y e e s in 1 964 in the f o r m of b o n u s e s . E x c l u d e p r o d u c t i o n in c e n t i v e p a y m e n t s , c o m m i s s i o n s , p r e m i u m s f o r h a z a r d o u s w o rk , c o s t - o f - l i v i n g a d j u s t m e n t s , t e r m i n a l p a y m e n t s ( r e p o r t e d b e lo w in I t e m 3 - E ) , p a y m e n t s f o r e d u c a t i o n a l a s s i s t a n c e , p e r d i e m , e x p e n s e a c c o u n t p a y m e n t s , and p a y m e n t s in the f o r m of m e r c h a n d i s e ----------------- E. E m p l o y e r ■ p a y m e n t s to O p e r a t in g N o n o p e r a t i n g em ployees em ployees $ $ T e rm in al P aym ents: R e p o r t t o t a l p a y m e n t s m a d e d i r e c t l y to e m p l o y e e s b e c a u s e of t e m p o r a r y o r p erm an en t s e v e r a n c e of e m p l o y m e n t . In clu d e l u m p - s u m c a s h p a y m e n t s m a d e to r e t i r i n g e m p l o y e e s . E x c l u d e p a y m e n t s to f u n d s , t r u s t e e s , o r i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n i e s ---------------------------------------------------------- 4. Man-hours Paid For in 1964 R e p o r t a s t o t a l h o u r s p a i d f o r t h o s e h o u r s f o r w h ich the p a y m e n t s r e p o r t e d in Item 3 -A w e re m ad e. T h e y c o n s i s t of h o u r s on duty ( o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s ) o r p a i d f o r h o u r s at the w o r k p l a c e (n o n o p e r a t in g e m p l o y e e s ) , a d d i t i o n a l h o u r s p a i d f o r to m a k e up g u a r a n t e e s , and the m a n - h o u r s e q u i v a l e n t to d i r e c t e m p l o y e r p a y m e n t s f o r l e a v e t i m e . Do not c o n v e r t o v e r t i m e o r o t h e r p r e m i u m p a i d h o u r s to s t r a i g h t - t i m e e q u i v a l e n t h o u r s . Do not in c lu d e h o u r s e q u i v a l e n t to p a y m e n t s by funds, t r u s t e e s , o r in su ra n ce co m p a n ie s. R e p o r t a s p a i d l e a v e h o u r s the m a n - h o u r s f o r w h ich the l e a v e p a y e n t e r e d in Item 3 -B w as m ad e. R e p o r t only the m a n - h o u r s e q u i v a l e n t to the p a y r e c e i v e d . F o r e x a m p l e , if an e m p l o y e e who i s r e g u l a r l y p a i d $ 2 an h o u r w a s g i v e n $ 5 f o r a d a y ' s a b s e n c e , r e p o r t Zl/z h o u r s ( $ 5 ~ $ 2 ) . M a n - h o u r s p a id f o r O p e r a t i n g N on op e r a t i n g em ployees em ployees A. B. T o t a l H o u r s P a i d F o r , In clu d in g P a i d L e a v e H o u r s — -------------------------- —------------- -... P aid L e av e H ou rs: 1. V acatio n s ? 6. Hoi n o niarla y s^ ■■ — — ■-« 3. S i c k l e a v e ---------------------------------------------------- 4. M i l i t a r y , j u r y , w i t n e s s , v o tin g , an d p e r s o n a l le a v e (excluding pay fo r s e r v in g a s a w i t n e s s f o r th e e m p l o y e r ) -------------------------- hr s . hr s . 53 5. A. Employer Expenditures in Addition to Payroll in 1964 P riv ate W elfare P lan s: Enter total em ployer expenditures for the plans listed below. Exclude e m ployee contributions, em ployer paym ents already reported a s p ayroll expend itu re s, those for legally requ ired p ro g ra m s, and adm in istrativ e c o sts (in cluding a c tu arial and leg a l exp en ses) incurred by the company. Include paym ents to funds, tr u ste e s, in suran ce com panies, em ployees or their bene fic ia r ie s , and to plans financed through profit sh arin g. However, exclude paym ents m ade by funds, tr u ste e s, or insurance com panies and income earned by funds. F o r paym ents to in suran ce c a r r ie r s repo rt only net expenditures (i. e. , prem ium s le s s refunds). Include paym ents for cu rren t em ployees, em ployees on layoff statu s, re tire d em ployees, and dependents of these e m ployee groups. Em ployer 1. Health, accident, and life in su ran ce. expenditures for Enter paym ents for life in su ran ce; a c c i O perating Nonoperating dental death and dism em berm en t in suran ce; em ployees em ployees death ben efits; tra v e l accident in suran ce; h osp italization , su rg ic a l, m ed ical, m ajor m ed ical, dental, optical, and drug plan s; and sick n e ss and accident (wage and sa la ry con tinuance) in su ran ce. Exclude expenditures for in-plant m ed ical fa c ilit ie s ------------------- $ $ Pension and retirem en t p lan s. 2. Include d ire ct paym ents to p en sio n ers under a p ay -as-y o u -g o plan. F o r funded plans, report paym ents in 1964 for p ast and current se rv ic e lia b ilitie s. Include p ay m ents under p ro fit-sh arin g plans deferred until retirem en t and paym ents for d is a bility retirem en t p r o g r a m s ---------------------3. Vacation and holiday fu n d s----------------------4. 5. 6. 7. Severan ce or d is m is s a l pay funds an d/or supplem ental unemployment benefit fu n d s--Savings and th rift plans (including company expenditures for contributions in the form of sto c k )----------------------------------------------Automation funds. R eport h ere paym ents to sp e c ial automation funds. Do not include th ese paym ents e ls e where on the q uestion n aire. F o r exam ple, if an autom ation fund provides retirem en t ben efits, repo rt the payment to the fund h ere and not in Item 5 -A -2, above. (How ev er, do not rep o rt regu lar paym ents to a retirem en t fund h e r e .) Specify the name of the autom ation fund and the benefit provided. __________________________________ Other (specify) ____________________________ 54 B. L e g ally R equ ired In su ran ce: R e p o r t the c o m p a n y ' s net l i a b i l i t y f o r 1964 u n d e r e m p l o y e e b e n e f i t p r o g r a m s r e q u i r e d by la w . Exclude em ployee co n trib u tion s. R e p o r t p a y m e n t s to g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s , i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n i e s , a n d d i r e c t l y to w o r k e r s u n d e r s e l f i n s u r e d p l a n s . R e p o r t net i n s u r a n c e p r e m i u m s (i. e. , p r e m i u m s l e s s r e f u n d s ) . If a s e l f - i n s u r e d p la n w a s in e f f e c t , e x c l u d e the c o m p a n y ' s a d m i n i s t r a t i v e co sts. R e p o r t the l i a b i l i t y i n c u r r e d in 1964 r a t h e r th a n the a m o u n t a c t u a l l y p a i d d u r i n g 1964. Do not r e p o r t any e x p e n d i t u r e s th a t w e r e e n t e r e d in I t e m 3 a s p ay ro ll expen ditures. L E m ployer exp en ditures for I O p e ratin g N on op eratin g N em ployees em ployees E 1. P a y m e n t s f o r p e n s i o n p r o g r a m s ( S o c i a l S e c u r i t y and R a i l r o a d R e t i r e m e n t ) ------$ $ 2. U n e m p lo y m e n t i n s u r a n c e (S t a t e u n e m p l o y m e n t c o m p e n s a t i o n and R a i l r o a d U n e m p l o y ment In su ran ce)— a. P a y m e n t s to F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t ------------ b. P a y m e n t s to S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t ----------------- 3. P a y m e n t s f o r w o r k - c o n n e c t e d d i s a b i l i t y . In clu d e p a y m e n t s u n d e r w o r k m e n ' s c o m p e n s a t i o n l a w s , p a y m e n t s in c o m p a n i e s s u b j e c t to the F e d e r a l E m p l o y e r s ' L i a b i l i t y A ct, a n d p a y m e n t s into the Ohio D i s a b l e d W o r k m e n 's R e l i e f F u n d -------------------------------4. O t h e r , in c lu d in g S t a t e t e m p o r a r y d i s a b i l i t y in su ran ce. S p e c i f y ty p e of p a y m e n t r e p o r t e d . If o b lig atio n s under a State t e m p o r a r y d is a b ility i n s u r a n c e la w w e r e m e t by e m p l o y e r e x p e n d i t u r e s r e p o r t e d e l s e w h e r e on t h i s q u e s t i o n n a i r e , e n t e r " O " and i n d i c a t e the i t e m c o n t a in in g the e x p e n d i t u r e . ___________________ 6. A. Establishment Practices and Policies P a i d H o l i d a y s O b s e r v e d D u r in g 196 4: E n t e r n u m b e r of d a y s p e r e m p l o y e e . If m o r e th a n a n e m p l o y e e c a t e g o r y , r e p o r t th a t w h ich a p p l i e d to the c a t e g o r y . Do not in c lu d e d a y s f o r w h ic h p r e m i u m w a s p e r f o r m e d , but no p a y w a s g i v e n if the d a y s w e r e one p r a c t i c e e x i s t e d in th e g r e a t e s t n u m b e r in r a t e s w e r e p a i d if w o r k not w o r k e d . D ays p e r em ployee O peratin g N on op erating em ploy ees em ployees 1. F u l l - d a y h o l i d a y s ------2 H a l f - d a y h o l i d a y s ------- 55 B. P aid V acations: R eport below the approxim ate number of em ployees who received vacation pay d irectly from the company according to the amount of pay received during 1964 and not the tim e taken for vacation. If vacation pay was not a d ire ct m ultiple of weekly or hourly r a te s, repo rt according to the number of w eeks equivalent to the pay receiv ed . F o r exam ple, if the amount of vacation pay w as a p e r centage of annual earn in gs, repo rt paym ents of about 2 percen t as 1 w eek's vacation pay, about 4 percent a s 2 w eeks' pay, etc. Exclude em ployees whose vacation paym ents w ere received from funds. L Number of em ployees receivin g— I Em ployee category 1 and 4 and 2 and 3 and 5 w eeks' N No Under under under under vacation 1 w eek's 2 under w eeks' 3 w eeks' 4 w eeks' 5 w eeks' pay or E pay m ore pay pay pay pay pay O perating 1 Nonoperating C. W elfare and Pension P lan s (Other Than L egally R equired): 1. W ere any em ployees covered by a private plan paid entirely or in p art by the com pany (other than company paym ents for ad m in istrativ e ex p e n se s)? (Answer " y e s " if there w ere such plans even if there w ere no em ployer expenditures in 1964.) a. b. 2. D. 2 O perating Nonoperating em ployees em ployees (Check one) (Check one) Y es No Y es No Health, accident, or life insurance (as defined in Item 5 - A - l ) ____ —____________ □ □ □ □ 3 Pension or retirem en t benefits (as defined in Item 5 -A -2) __________________ □ □ □ □ 4 If " y e s " w as answ ered to either or both p a rts of C - l , did any em ployees contribute to the c o sts of any of the b en efits? (Check "n o" if em ployee contributions only p urch ased sup plem ental benefits or dependents1 co verage.) a. Health, accident, or life in suran ce-------- □ □ □ □ 5 b. Pension or retirem en t b e n e fits--- i--------- □ □ □ □ 6 ___ □ ___ □ □ 7 C ollective B argain in g A greem en ts: Did collective bargain in g agreem en ts cover a ___ m ajo rity of the n on supervisory e m p lo y e e s? ------- - □ 56 E. N orm al Workweek for Nonoperating Em ployees: How many hours per week w ere norm ally worked by the m ajo rity of em ployees in each of the following ca te g o rie s (or the workweek applying to the la r g e s t number of em ployees if no single workweek applied to a m ajo rity )? What was the approxim ate average number of p erso n s em ployed in each category? Number of A verage hours per num ber of week em ployees 1. N on supervisory c le r ic a l w o r k e r s ---------------- 2. Other n on supervisory (nonoperating) 3. Executive, p ro fe ssio n a l, and su p e rv iso ry em ployees------------------------------ R em ark s L ist the item s for which data w ere estim ated and indicate the method of estim ation . Include any other pertinent explanation of the data you have repo rted. Authorizing o fficial ___________________ Title_____________ Date (Please print or type) Do you want a copy of the B u reau *s repo rt for this survey? Y es □ No □ Other B L S Publications on Compensation Expenditures and Payrol I Hours B u lle t in num ber 1571 1561 1528 1470 1428 1419 1413 1332 1308 P r ic e C o m p e n s a t io n E x p e n d it u r e s a n d P a y r o l l H o u r s : A ir T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , 1 964 (1 9 6 7 ). 30 c e n ts C o m p e n s a t io n E x p e n d it u r e s an d P a y r o l l H o u r s : M o to r P a s s e n g e r T r a n s p o r t a t i o n I n d u s t r i e s , 1 9 6 4 (1 9 6 7 ). 40 c e n ts C o m p e n s a t io n E x p e n d it u r e s an d P a y r o l l H o u r s : P i p e l i n e s , 1 9 6 4 (1 9 6 7 ). 25 c e n ts S u p p le m e n t a r y C o m p e n s a t io n f o r N o n p ro d u c tio n W o r k e r s , 1963 (1 9 6 5 ). 70 c e n ts * E m p lo y e r E x p e n d it u r e s f o r S e l e c t e d S u p p le m e n t a r y C o m p e n s a t io n P r a c t i c e s f o r P r o d u c t io n an d R e l a t e d W o r k e r s ; C o m p o s itio n o f P a y r o l l H o u r s : M a n u fa c tu r in g I n d u s t r i e s , 1 962 (1 9 6 5 ). $ 1.00 E m p lo y e r E x p e n d it u r e s f o r S e l e c t e d S u p p le m e n t a r y R e m u n e r a t io n P r a c t i c e s in F i n a n c e , I n s u r a n c e , an d R e a l E s t a t e I n d u s t r i e s , 1961 (1 9 6 4 ). 45 c e n ts E m p lo y e r E x p e n d it u r e s f o r S e l e c t e d S u p p le m e n t a r y C o m p e n s a t io n P r a c t i c e s f o r P r o d u c t io n an d R e l a t e d W o r k e r s , M e a tp a c k in g an d P r o c e s s i n g I n d u s t r i e s , 1 9 6 2 (1 9 6 4 ). 25 c e n ts E m p lo y e r E x p e n d it u r e s f o r S e l e c t e d S u p p le m e n t a r y R e m u n e r a t io n P r a c t i c e s f o r P r o d u c t io n W o r k e r s in M in in g I n d u s t r i e s , I9 6 0 (1 9 6 3 ). 45 c e n t s * E m p lo y e r E x p e n d it u r e s f o r S e l e c t e d S u p p le m e n t a r y R e m u n e r a t io n P r a c t i c e s f o r P r o d u c t io n W o r k e r s in M a n u fa c tu r in g I n d u s t r i e s , 1959 (1 9 6 2 ). 65 c e n t s * * O ut o f p r in t . T h e s e b u lle t in s a r e g e n e r a l ly a v a i l a b l e f o r r e f e r e n c e p u r p o s e s a t le a d in g p u b lic , c o l l e g e , o r u n i v e r s it y l i b r a r i e s , o r in th e B u r e a u ’ s r e g io n a l o f fic e s . N O T E : P u b lic a t io n s m a y b e o r d e r e d f r o m th e S u p e rin te n d e n t o f D o c u m e n ts , U . S . G o v e r n m e n t P r in t in g O ffic e , W a sh in g to n , D . C . , 2 0 4 0 2 , o r f r o m th e B u r e a u 's r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s . (S e e in s id e fr o n t c o v e r f o r a d d r e s s e s . ) A 2 5 - p e r c e n t d is c o u n t i s g iv e n f o r b u n d le o r d e r s o f 100 c o p ie s o r m o r e . ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING O F F IC E : 1968 O - 295-420