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U N ITED STATES D E P A R T M E N T OF LABOR
FRANCES PER K IN S, Secretary
CH ILD R E N ’S BUREAU
K A T H A R IN E F. LEN RO OT, Chief
Children in the Courts
Juvenile-Court Statistics
Year Ended December 31, 1937
AND
Federal Juvenile Offenders
Year Ended June 30, 1937
TEN TH REPO RT
Bureau Publication No. 250
U N IT E D ST A T E S
G O VER N M EN T P R IN T IN G O F FIC E
W ASHINGTON : 1940
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CONTENTS
Page
Introduction______ _______________________________________________
Source of information and plan of the report_______________ _________
Part I.— Juvenile-court statistics for the year ended December 31, 1937__
Characteristics and limitations of the data__________________________
The reporting area_____________ _______________________ ;____________
Trends in delinquency cases__ ______________________________________
Total number of cases_________________________________________
Boys’ and girls’ cases__________________________________________
Cases of white and Negro children_____________________________
Delinquency cases reported in 1937______ ________ !_________________
Number of cases_____________ ___________________________ I ____
Race of boys and girls________
Age of boys and girls__________________________________________
Reason for reference to court___________________________________
Source of reference to court_____ _________________ ____________
Place of detention care_________________________________________
Disposition of cases________ ____________ ,____________________ 31
Previous court experience________________________________
Summary__________________________________________________________
Appendix A.— Trend tables, juvenile-court statistics,1929-37____
Appendix B.— Source tables, juvenile-court statistics,1937___________
Part II.— Federal juyenile offenders for the year ended June 30, 1937__
Introduction__________________________ _ ________________ __________
Federal juvenile offenders brought to the attention of United States
probation officers_________________________
Federal juvenile offenders received in jails and held pending trial____
Federal juvenile offenders discharged from detention after being held
pending trial__________________________ :______ ______________ _____
Federal juvenile offenders placed on probation and those received
under sentence in jails and in Federal institutions__________ i______
Summary_______________________
1
1
3
3
4
9
9
12
12
15
16
16
17
19
24
26
32
40
41
45
76
76
76
81
81
84
88
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure
1.— Geographic distribution of areas reporting juvenile-court sta
tistics in 1937____________________________________________
2. — Geographic distribution of the 28 courts that reported each
year, 1929-37_________________________________________
3. — Boys’ and girls’ delinquency cases disposed of by 28 courts,
1929-37_________________________________
4. — Cases of white and Negro children dealt with in delinquency
cases disposed of by 28 courts, 1929-37___________ ___ ____
6.— Geographic distribution of the 53 courts that reported on an
individual-card basis in 1937_______________
6. — Age distribution of children in delinquency cases disposed of
in 1937 by 53 courts, by age jurisdiction of courts_________
7. — Age distribution of boys and girls in delinquency cases disposed
of by 53 courts in 1937__________________ ________________
8. — Reason for reference to court____________________________
9. — Place of detention care____________
10. — Disposition of cases__ ______________
11. — Previous court experience____________ ______________ I____
in
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8
10
13
14
18
20
22
27
33
36
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Children in the Courts, 1937 1
INTRODUCTION
The present report is the tenth in the series on juvenile-court sta
tistics and the fifth in the series on Federal juvenile offenders.
The Children’s Bureau plan for the collection, analysis, and inter
pretation of juvenile-court statistics was inaugurated in 1926 in order
to make available current information concerning the trends in juve
nile delinquency. The analysis of data concerning Federal juvenile
offenders was initiated by the Children’s Bureau in 1932. The publi
cation of statistics on Federal juvenile offenders is a continuation of
the cooperation of the Children’s Bureau with the Department of
Justice in furthering the program for the treatment of Federal juvenile
offenders according to juvenile-court principles.
The material presented in part I of this report deals primarily with
cases of delinquent children dealt with by juvenile courts. Detailed
data on dependency and neglect cases dealt with by courts, similar
to those presented in previous reports on juvenile-court statistics, have
been omitted from the present report. During 1937 such data were
not obtained through the juvenile-court statistics reporting project,
though the total number of cases was obtained from the courts and
is shown in table 3 (p. 7).
Previous annual reports on juvenile-court statistics have presented
detailed analyses of trends in delinquency based on such factors as
sex, race, age, home conditions, reason for reference, place of deten
tion care, and disposition. In the present report this discussion of
trends is presented only for total cases by sex and by race. Tables
giving data on trends in the other factors, however, are presented in
Appendix A (p. 41). In view of the increase in the number of delin
quency cases in 1937 as compared with 1936 and 1935, it has seemed
particularly desirable in this report to discuss the 1937 data in some
detail and to refer whenever appropriate to trends in regard to the
various factors discussed.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PLAN OF THE REPORT
Part I, Juvenile-Court Statistics for the Year Ended December 31,
1937, is based on data received from the courts that cooperate with
the Children’s Bureau in its plan for uniform reporting of juvenilecourt statistics. Data regarding juvenile-delinquency cases are re
ported to the Children’s Bureau under two systems— either directly
by individual courts or under a State-wide system. Courts reporting
directly send to the Bureau either a card for each delinquency case
disposed of during the year or a summary report for all delinquency
cases disposed of during the year. Courts reporting under the State
wide plan send information regarding their cases to the State agency
concerned with juvenile-court work or probation service; the State
office then consolidates the material and sends to the Children’s
Bureau an annual report for each court in the State.
1 Compiled in the Division of Statistical Research of the Children’s Bureau. Bemadine A. Fouch,
supervisor of juvenile-court statistics, was responsible for the analysis of the data and wrote the report.
1
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CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS, 1 9 3 7
Numerous correlations between the items reported as well as sum
maries of the items may be prepared from the data received from courts
reporting on the individual-card basis. Therefore, in order to intro
duce the detailed analysis of 1937 data, the material presented in part
I of this report is based primarily on the data received from courts
reporting on the card basis.
Part I includes the following:
Characteristics and limitations oj the data (pp. 3 to 4).
The reporting area (pp. 4 to 7).— A brief description of the areas
from which juvenile-court statistics were reported for the year 1937.
This section also includes material relating to the development of the
reporting area since the beginning of the project in 1927.
Trends in delinquency cases (pp. 8 to 13).— A brief analysis of the
trend in the number of delinquency cases reported by 28 courts during
the 9-year period 1929-37. •
Delinquency cases reported in 1937 (pp.-14 to 39).— A detailed analysis
of the delinquency cases reported by the 53 courts that reported on
an individual-card basis during the year 1937.
Summary (p. 40).— A brief summary of the delinquency cases
disposed of by the juvenile courts during the year 1937.
Appendix A .— Trend tables, juvenile-court statistics, 1929-37 (pp.
41 to 44).— Tables presenting data concerning the trend from 1929
to 1937 in the delinquency cases disposed of by 28 courts. In addi
tion to the tables in part I, which give figures on the trend in the total
number of cases by sex and by race, trend material is presented in
the appendix tables on the nativity of the boys and girls dealt with,
the age of the boys and girls, the reason for reference to court, the
source of reference to court, the place of care pending hearing or
disposition of the case, and the disposition made by the courts.
Appendix B.— Source tables, juvenile-court statistics, 1937 (pp. 45
to 75).— Tables giving data for entire States, for individual courts
serving areas of 100,000 or more population, and summary data for
courts serving areas with smaller population.
Part II, Federal Juvenile Offenders for the Year Ended June 30,
1937, presents information concerning the juveniles under 19 years
of age who violated Federal laws and came to the attention of Federal
authorities during the period. The statistics presented have been
collected by the Bureau of Prisons of the Department of Justice.
These cases are not included in the statistics obtained from juvenile
courts, unless Federal jurisdiction is waived and arrangements are
made for these juvenile offenders to be dealt with under State law
in their home communities.
The analysis in part I of cases dealt with by the juvenile courts is
based on reports of cases at the time of disposition, whereas the
statistics for Federal juvenile offenders are based on reports assembled
at different stages in the handling of the cases. Part II of the report
thus includes information on offenders brought to the attention of the
United States probation officers, on offenders received in jails and
held pending trial, on offenders discharged from detention after being
held in jails and other institutions pending trial, and on offenders
placed under supervision or received under sentence in jails and in
Federal institutions.
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PART I.— JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS FOR
ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1937
THE
YEAR
CHARACTERISTICS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE DATA
The characteristics and limitations of the statistics relating to
juvenile-delinquency cases are of considerable significance in interpret
ing the material presented in this report.
In the first place, the figures presented refer to the number of cases
of children dealt with by the juvenile courts rather than the number
of children. Some of the children may have been brought before the
courts more than once during the year, but in the tables of this report
such children are counted as many times as they were referred to
court on new complaints. The figures, therefore, should not be in
terpreted as representing the number of delinquent children but
rather the number of cases of delinquent children.
In the second place, the figures include only those cases of delinquent
children that were brought before the juvenile courts. The delin
quent children who come to the attention of the courts are only a
part of the total number of children in the communities who might be
classified as delinquent, since many such children for various reasons
are never brought before the courts.
The use of court figures as an index of juvenile delinquency is further
limited because the number of delinquency cases reported is influenced
to a considerable extent by variations in the policies of courts in ac
cepting complaints and in the manner of handling cases. In addition
to handling cases officially— that is, by the filing of legal papers for
the initiation of court action— many courts handle certain types of
cases unofficially. Unofficial cases are those in which legal papers are
not prepared, but the cases are adjusted by the judge, referee, proba
tion officer, or other officer of the court. Although some of the courts
have records of their unofficial cases and report data regarding them,
many courts do not keep comparable records of these cases and there
fore report only the cases that are handled officially (see table B15,
p. 74). ^ It is doubtless true that the children whose cases are handled
unofficially do not present the same types of problems as those whose
cases are handled officially. Analysis of 1937 data from a group of
courts that reported information for both types of cases revealed
marked differences between the types of cases handled officially and
those handled unofficially. Cases handled unofficially were charac
terized by a preponderance of cases of younger children, of children
who had never previously been before the courts, who had been re
ferred to court for acts of carelessness or mischief, or running away,
and whose cases were subsequently dismissed or adjusted. Analyses
based on these factors are influenced therefore by the proportion of
unofficial cases included in the total number of cases reported by the
juvenile courts.
Furthermore, the number of delinquency cases reported is affected
materially by such factors as the position that the court occupies in
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CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS, 1 9 3 7
the plans of the various communities for dealing with conduct prob
lems of children, the court’s relationship to other agencies m the
community, and the extent to which these agencies refer cases to the
court. For example, in some communities the court is the only
agency dealing with delinquency problems; in others a number of
other agencies do case work with problem children and their families.
The extent to which the police deal with children also varies greatly
from community to community. In some cities practically all children
coming to the attention of the police are referred to the juvenile
court; in others the police handle many children’s cases that involve
minor offenses. Likewise, some school departments are sufficiently
well staffed and well equipped to handle a large proportion of the
truancy cases and many behavior problems other than truancy, but
others, because of lack of personnel and facilities, refer most of the
children presenting conduct problems to the juvenile court.
Another factor that definitely affects the number of delinquency
cases reported is the legal age jurisdiction of the courts. The age
limit, for children coming under juvenile-court jurisdiction is estab
lished by State law and in most instances is uniform throughout a
State. Of the 462 courts reporting in 1937, 1842had jurisdiction over
children up to 16 years of age; 246 had jurisdiction up to 17 years;
only 28 had jurisdiction up to 18 years; and 4, up to 21 years. The
effect of the legal age limitations of courts on the age distribution of
cases is shown m figure 6 (p. 18).
In the light of the factors mentioned, it is obvious that data regard
ing juvenile-delinquency cases must be interpreted with care. This
is especially important in the absence of statistical measures other
than juvenile-court cases that may be used to indicate the trends in
juvenile delinquency from year to year.
THE REPORTING AREA
The area from which juvenile-court statistics were reported for the
calendar year 1937 included 36 percent of the total population of the
United States. The area covered was somewhat larger in 1937 than
in 1936 because of the addition of certain courts located in Arkansas,
Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee,
and Texas. The reporting area for 1937 included the entire States
of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Utah; the greater part of the
States of Connecticut, Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, and New Y ork ;3
the District of Columbia; and 42 courts in 22 other States. In all,
reports from 462 courts are included, of which 87 serve areas of 100,000
or more population.
,
Figure 1 indicates the geographic distribution of the areas irom
which reports were received for the calendar year 1937. The reporting
courts were located in each of the geographic divisions of the United
States, although the number included from the different States and
geographic divisions varied considerably (table 1). These variations
may be attributed in part to variations in the different geographic
divisions with regard to the degree of development of State facilities
for juvenile-court work. Primarily, however, they may be attributed
, The 12 reporting courts in Rhode Island have jurisdiction over juvenile delinquents under 16 years
nfaee and over wayward children under 18 years of age.
,,
„
..
8 rpjL percentage of the 1930 population included in the reports from these States wasas follows: Connecticut^OOpOTcent; Indiana, 80percent; Michigan, 86 percent; Missouri, 69 percent; and New York, 97percent.
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Figure 1.— Geographic Distribution of Areas Reporting Juvenile-Court Statistics in 1937
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
■ ■
STATES REPORTING ON A STATE-W ID E BASIS
STA TES IN WHICH ONE OR MORE
INDIVIDUAL COURTS REPORTED
■
INDIVIDUAL COURTS REPORTING
I' — | S TA TE S ’ FROM WHICH NO REPORTS WERE RECEIVED
Zn
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CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS, 1 9 3 7
to the fact that the area from which juvenile-court statistics are
reported has not been selected for geographical representativeness, nor
by the use of any other sampling techniques. The individual courts
have been included in the reporting area when they expressed a desire
to cooperate with the Children’s Bureau in its plan to develop a
uniform reporting system for juvenile-court statistics. The States
reporting on a State-wide basis are limited to those that have some
provision by statute for reporting juvenile-court statistics to the
State agency concerned with juvenile-court or probation work. Not
all the States having such statutory powers, however, are included in
the reporting area. In some instances this may be because the State
departments do not have the personnel required for statistical service
in this field. In other instances the States may have legal provisions
for reporting, but the statute may be practically inoperative.
T able 1.— Population of the United States and of areas from which juvenile-court
statistics were reported in 1937, by geographic divisions
Population (1930
census) of areas reporting
juvenile-court statistics
Total population
(1930 census)
Geographic division
Number
Percent
distri
bution
Number
Percent
distri
bution
Total_________- — --------------------------------------------
122,775,046
100
44,329,958
100
New England.. _ -------------------- ----------------------------------M iddle Atlantic..................................- ............ ............. East North Central.. . . . - ______________ _____- - West North Central______________
-----------------South A tla n tic._____________________ ________ _____
East South Central____ ___________ ____ — - - - - - West South Central--------- --------------------- ------------- -Mountain___________________ - . ------------- — ----------Pacific____ - _____________ _______________________ —-
8,166,341
26,260, 750
25,297,185
13,296,915
15,793,589
9,887, 214
12,176,830
3,701,789
8,194,433
7
21
20
11
13
8
10
3
7
6,389,144
16,775,751
9,712,908
3,606,469
2,136, 821
371,506
1,124,407
507,847
3,705,105
14
38
22
8
5
1
3
1
8
Tables 2 and 3 show the increase during the 11-year period from
1927 through 1937, in the area from which juvenile-court statistics
have been reported. Table 2 gives the number of courts reporting
and the number of States represented in the reporting area; table 3
gives the number of cases reported by the courts. The number of
courts has increased from 43 in 1927 to 462 in 1937; the number of
cases has increased from 42,915 in 1927 to 103,535 in 1937. This
extension in the reporting area has resulted primarily from the increase
in State-wide reporting of juvenile-court work. During the early
years of the project, data were received for the most part through
cooperation with individual courts.
As the program developed,
however, the cooperation of State agencies concerned with juvenilecourt work or probation service was emphasized. This emphasis on
State reporting is in accordance with the general policy of the Children’s
Bureau of working with and through State agencies wherever possible.
Through the interest of the Juvenile-Court Commission of Utah, that
State has been able since 1928 to furnish reports on a State-wide basis.
The State of Connecticut was added to the reporting area in 1931.
Massachusetts and New York began reporting under the State-wide
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JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T a b l e 2.— Number of courts reporting juvenile-court statistics on a State-wide basis,
number reporting on an individual-court basis, and number of States represented,
1927-S7
Courts reporting
State-wide basis
Year
Total
1927-..'___
1928______
1929______
1930______
1931______
1932______
1933______
1934______
1935_____ 1936______
1937______
43
65
96
92
169
267
284
334
398
384
462
Serving
areas with
100,000
T otal2 or more
popula
tion 3
7
7
8
97
218
239
294
359
349
419
1
1
1
4
35
48
44
49
50
52
States represented1
Individual-court basis
Serving
areas with
less than
100,000 T otal4
popula
tion 3
6
6
7
93
183
191
250
310
299
367
Serving
Serving
areas with areas with
100,000 less than
or more
100,000
popula
popula
tion 3
tion 3
43
58
89
84
72
49
45
40
39
35
43
16
27
56
48
33
16
13
10
8
7
8
27
31
33
36
39
33
32
30
31
28
35
Total
State
wide
basis 2
Indi
vidualcourt
basis
1
1
1
2
4
6
6
7
7
8
16
16
20
23
22
21
21
20
20
19
23
16
17
21
24
24
25
27
26
27
26
31
1 Includes the District of Columbia.
2 The courts reporting on a State-wide basis have, for the most part, served áreas representing more than
80 percent of the population of the States. Within each State, however, slight changes have occurred from
year to year in the number of courts reporting and in the percentage of the population included.
3 According to the 1930 census.
4 Individual reports were also available, though not included in this count, for certain courts that reported
under a State-wide system: 1928 and 1929, 7 courts; 1930, 8 courts; 1931, 7 courts; 1932, 19 courts; 1933, 22
courts; 1934, 25 courts; 1935 and 1936, 29 courts; 1937, 24 courts.
T a b l e 3.— Number o f cases of each specified type reported by juvenile courts, 1927-87
Cases
Year
1927_____________ _________________
1928 ____ ________________________
1929______________________________
1930______________________________
1931______________________________
1932______________________________
1933______________________________
1934______________________________
1935______________________________
1936______________________________
1937______________________________
Number
of courts
reporting
43
65
96
92
169
267
284
334
398
384
462
Total
42,915
55,171
65,117
75, 401
83, 313
89, 680
90, 836
90,300
96, 696
88,236
103, 535
Delinquency
Dependency
and neglect
30,363
38,882
46, 312
53, 757
59,880
65, 274
68,039
66, 651
71, 475
63, 320
78,688
12, 552
16,289
18,805
20,711
22, 317
23, 235
21, 605
22, 499
24,019
23, 599
23,546
Special pro
ceedings 1
933
1,116
1,171
1,192
1,150
1, 202
1,317
1,301
1 Special-proceedings cases were not reported prior to 1930. They include cases of petitions for commit
ment of feeble-minded children, adoption cases, controversies regarding custody of a child, children held as
material witnesses, and certain other types of cases.
plan in 1932; New Jersey 4 and Rhode Island, in 1933; Indiana, in
1934; Michigan, in 1935; and Missouri, in 1937. It is hoped that the
gradual extension of State-wide reporting of juvenile-court statistics
will afford a foundation for more adequate statistics on juvenile
delinquency as dealt with by the courts.
4 New Jersey, which compiled its delinquency records for 1933 as a Civil Works Administration project,
has not been able to continue its cooperation since that year.
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Figure 2.— Geographic Distribution of the 28 Courts That Reported Each Year, 1 9 2 9 -3 7
oo
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS, 1 9 3 7
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JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
9
TRENDS IN DELINQUENCY CASES
Trends in delinquency cases from 1929 to 1937 are based upon statis
tics received from 28 courts.6 These courts are the only ones serving
areas of 100,000 or more population that have reported comparable
figures for each year of the 9-year period. Although the courts
included were not selected by the use of sampling techniques, they
appear to be roughly representative of the entire reporting area.
The population of the area served by the 28 courts, according to the
1930 census, was 18,163,043— approximately 15 percent of the total
population of the United States. The sample includes courts from
each of the geographic divisions, although there are variations among
the different States and geographic divisions in the number of courts
included (figure 2). There is a heavy overrepresentation of courts
located in States of the Middle Atlantic and East North Central
Divisions and an underrepresentation of courts located in the States
of the remaining geographic divisions. The sex, race, and age dis
tribution and the social characteristics of the children dealt with by
the 28 courts are comparable in general to similar data for the courts
in the entire reporting area.
Total Number o f Cases.
In 1937 there was a reversal in the downward trend of juveniledelinquency cases coming before the 28 courts that have reported to
the Children’s Bureau each year since 1929. This reversal followed
decreases that have occurred each year from the peak year 1930 to
1936 (figure 3, p. 10).
In the areas served by the 28 courts the number of delinquency cases
in 1937 was 11 percent greater than in 1936 (31,038 as compared with
27,849)6 and almost 2 percent greater than in 1935. However, the
1937 total was slightly below the total for the years 1934, 1933, and
1932 and was considerably below the total for the years 1931, 1930,
and 1929. The number of cases reported in 1937 was 17 percent less
than the number reported in 1930, the peak year of this series.
In most of the 28 individual courts there was an increase in the
number of delinquency cases dealt with in 1937 (table 4). Only 7
courts reported a smaller number of cases disposed of in 1937 than in
1936. In 5 of these courts the decrease amounted to less than 9 per
cent; in 1 court (Lake County, Ind.) the decrease amounted to 18
percent. In one large court (Multnomah County, Oreg.) there was a
decrease of 37 percent, caused primarily by changes that occurred
during 1937 in the reporting procedures of the court. Of the 21
courts reporting increases from 1936 to 1937, 4 courts showed increases
of less than 10 percent, 6 showed increases of 10 to 20 percent, 7
showed increases of 21 to 30 percent, and 4 reported increases of more
than 30 percent.
t Mobile County, Ala.; San Diego County, Calif.; Bridgeport (city), Conn.; District of Columbia; Lake
and Marion Counties, Ind.; Polk County, Iowa; Caddo Parish, La.; Kent County, Mich.; Hennepin
County Minn.; Hudson County, N . J.; New York City, and Erie, Monroe, Rensselaer, and Westchester
Counties, N . Y .; Franklin, Hamilton, Mahoning, and Montgomery Counties, Ohio; Multnomah County,
Oreg •Allegheny and Montgomery Counties and Philadelphia (city and county), Pa.; Greenville County,
S C ¡’ third district, Utah; Norfolk (city), Va.; and Pierce County, Wash.
« In the areas served by 336 courts in 25 States and the District of Columbia the number of delinquency
cases increased from 63,706 in 1936 to 69,695 in 1937, or 9 percent.
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CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS, 19 3 7
Figure 3.
Boys’ and G irls’ Delinquency Cases Disposed of by 28 Courts, 1 9 2 9 -3 7
, In interpreting the significance of fluctuations from year to year it
should be borne m mind that variations in the number of cases reported
may result from either a change in the proportion of the total amount
oi delinquency that comes before the juvenile courts or an actual
change m delinquency m the areas. As has been pointed out earlier
the delinquency coming to the attention of the juvenile courts may
be only a part of the total amount in the community. Furthermore
the number of children brought before the courts is affected consid
erably by such factors as changes in the administrative procedures of
the courts, changes in the policies of the police departments and other
agencies in referrmg cases to the courts, and changes in the relationS” P
the courts to other agencies in the communities.
Examination of the figures from two of the largest courts, New
l ork and Philadelphia, indicates how markedly changes in their pol
icies would affect the trend in the total number of delinquency cases
During each year of the period from 1929 to 1937, from 32 to 44 per
cent of the total cases for the 28 courts were cases from these 2 courts.
A review of the trend in cases disposed of during recent years reveals
a very sharp drop during the year 1936. This decrease from 1935 to
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JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T a b l e 4.— Number o f delinquency cases disposed o f by 28 courts that served specified
areas, 1929—37
Delinquency cases
Area served by court
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
36,902 37, 570 36,221 32,955 32,723 32,179 30,554 227,849
31,038
222
1,415
589
1,705
193
1,694
362
1,836
136
1,547
311
1,474
125
1,758
324
1,431
219
1,656
461
1,947
177
1,640
470
1,893
160
1,617
445
1,927
140
1,385
511
1,799
165
1,327
378
1,646
242
985
747
275
431
1,097
1,846
' 477
818
610
291
520
1,053
1,974
350
617
457
338
507
1,203
1,696
266
785
502
304
549
940
1,025
290
835
605
343
470
940
876
343
951
714
415
403
1,089
868
380
1,118
391
357
444
1,128
649
288
1,035
330
296
476
1,048
464
235
1,082
674
349
521
1,256
533
1,135
233
7,956
318
888
1,306
170
7,867
414
597
1,399
224
7,299
243
397
715
167
7,366
190
382
591
171
7.727
134
397
1,181
189
6,292
195
408
1,008
236
6,070
177
358
798
161
5,127
221
337
985
198
4,758
207
351
473
2,034
2,021
752
902
542
2,072
2,151
598
1,172
575
2,550
1,979
578
1,247
470
2,418
2,110
493
839
420
2,298
1,892
454
993
436
2,044
1,887
' 429
1,101
413
491
2,360 2,531
1,206 21,525
833
558
969 1,068
625
3,160
1,969
1,018
672
1,290
55
6,955
Philadelphia (city and county) _ _
126
South Carolina: Greenville County—
871
852
135
Washington: Pierce County *—..........
1,128
96
7,517
106
972
774
165
853
74
7,390
91
1,149
728
128
794
76
6,711
80
943
869
• 126
738
80
6,787
107
1,093
861
105
881
77
6,461
104
917
696
167
796
53
5,735
198
964
728
95
Indiana:
New York:
Ohio:
Pennsylvania:
900
92
4,688
149
846
636
119
1,312'
103
'6'6'Z
219
1,073
622
146
5,
Includes only official cases because court did not report unofficial cases every year.
1Figure revised to include estimated number of unofficial cases for Mahoning County, Ohio.
1936 was accentuated by unusual factors operating in the two large
courts mentioned.7 In New York one of the factors which may have
contributed to the decrease in 1936 was the establishment during that
year of a Bureau of Adjustments designed to settle certain types oi
children’s cases out of court. The number of delinquency cases dis
posed of by the New York court decreased from 6,070 in 1935 to 5,127
in 1936 (16 percent). The Bureau of Adjustments continued to oper
ate in 1937, and the number of cases dealt with by the New York court
continued to decrease, although the drop from 1936 to 1937 (5,127 to
4,758, or 7 percent) was not so great as the decrease from 1935 to 1936.
In Philadelphia the reduction in 1936 resulted primarily from the sub
stantial drop in the number of cases referred to the court by the police.
In this court the number of cases decreased from 5,735 in 1935 to 4,688
in 1936, the lowest figure recorded by the Philadelphia court since its
establishment in 1914. In 1937, when the number of cases referred by
the police rose, the total number of cases disposed of by this court
increased from 4,688 to 5,332, although this number was still 7 percent
below the 1935 level.
7 In the 1935-36 report on juvenile-court statistics it was stated that the Mahoning County, Ohio, court
contributed considerably to the decrease from 1935 to 1936, chiefly because it did not report unofficial cases
for the year 1936. In the present report, however, the Mahoning County figures for 1936 have been revised
to include an estimated number of unofficial cases based on the average proportion of such cases reported
by the court during the 7-year period from 1929 to 1935.
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12
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS, 1 9 3 7
In view of the numerous factors that may operate to bring about
changes in the number of delinquency cases reported from year to
year, it is difficult to determine which factors contributed to the
increase in the number of cases reported by the 28 courts in 1937.
Figures for future years will determine whether this increase will be
maintained or whether it was only a 1-year reversal of the gradual
downward trend.8
Boys’ and Girls’ Cases.
In table 5 the total number of cases disposed of by the 28 courts
during each year from 1929 to 1937 is classified by sex of the children.
Boys’ cases accounted for 85 percent of the total number of cases
brought before these courts during 1937. The number of boys’ cases
increased 12 percent from 1936 to 1937, whereas the number of girls’
cases increased only 7 percent. The number of boys’ cases reported
in 1937 was 16 percent less than the number reported in 1930, the
peak year for boys’ cases, and the number of girls’ cases was 26
percent below the number for 1929, the peak year for girls’ cases.
T a b l e 5.— Number o f boys’ and girls’ delinquency cases disposed o f bv 28 courts
1929-87 1
*
; . . ■ >’
Delinquency cases
Total
1929___________ _______
. ...
1930___________________________
1931_________________________
1932_______________________
1933_____ ____ ______________
1934_______________________
1935_____________________________
1936___________________________
1937_______________________
4.UV1UUCC
36,902
37,570
36,221
32,955
32,723
32,179
30,554
27,849
31,038
Boys
30,625
31,480
30,664
28,106
28,127
27,296
25,905
23,527
26,403
Girls
6,277
6,090
5,557
4,849
4,596
4,883
4,649
4,322
4,635
u i i i L i a i c a o c o lU i A' i a u i v i l l j
did not report unofficial cases every year.
Cases of White and Negro Children.
In table 6 and figure 4, the total number of cases disposed of by the
28 courts during each year from 1929 to 1937 is shown by race of the
children dealt with. There was a gradual decrease in the number of
cases of white children dealt with by these courts in each year from
1930 through 1936, whereas the number of cases of Negro children
gradually increased each year, except 1932 and 1936. In 1937
however, there was an increase in the number of cases of both white
and Negro children. Cases of white children increased 10 percent
over 1936, and cases of Negro children increased 15 percent. Ap
proximately one-fourth of the juvenile-delinquency cases dealt with
by these courts in 1937 were cases of Negro children. Very few cases
of children of “ other races” were handled by the courts during the
9-year period from 1929 to 1937.
r
w S,rlfi:eived on the nui“ ber of dependency and neglect cases disposed of by the courts during 1937
reveal that there was a reversal in the downward trend of these types of cases also. In the areas served by
20 courts that reported in both 1936 and 1937, the number of dependency and neglect cases dealt with in
1937 increased 25 percent as compared with 1936 (from 7,082 to 8 843)
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JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
13
Figure 4.— Cases of W h ile and Negro Children Dealt W ith in Delinquency Cases Disposed
of by 28 Courts, 1 9 2 9 -3 7
T
able
6 .—
Race o f children dealt with in delinquency cases disposed o f by 28 courts
1929-37 1
Delinquency cases
Year
Total
1929.
1930.
1931.
1932.
1933.
1934.
1935.
1936.
1937.
36,902
37,570
36,221
32,955
32,723
32,179
30,554
27,849
31,038
White
29,489
30,713
29,244
26,185
25,644
24,717
22,445
20,563
22,675
Negro
6,257
6,798
6,925
■6,727
7,046
7,416
8,078
7,240
8,315
Other
27
52
36
41
33
46
31
46
48
Race not
reported
1,129
7
16
2
1 Includes only official cases fo r Franklin County, Ohio, and Pierce County, Wash., because these courts
did not report unofficial cases every year.
176986°—40------2
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Fisure 5.
Geographic Distribution of the 53 Courts That Reported on an Individual-Card Basis in 1937
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 19 3 7
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15
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
DELINQUENCY CASES REPORTED IN 1937
The following analysis of the delinquency cases dealt with by courts
during 1937 is based upon data received from 53 courts that reported
to the Children’s Bureau on an individual-card basis during the year.
This group of courts has been selected for detailed analysis because
their reports make possible the compilation of tables showing correla
tions between the items reported. Such analysis of the 1937 data is
especially significant in view of the increase in delinquency cases
during the year.
The 53-court sample, which contains 25 of the 28 courts upon which
trend material is based, is larger and more representative geographi
cally than the 28-court sample. The population of the area served
by the 53 courts, according to the 1930 census, was 24,082,940—
approximately 20 percent of the total population of the United States.
The 53-court sample has better representation than the 28-court
sample in each of the geographic divisions with the exception of the
West North Central Division (figure 5).
The sex, race, and age distribution and the social characteristics of
the children dealt with by the 53 courts in 1937 are very similar to
corresponding data regarding the children dealt with by the 28 courts
in the same year. Consequently it is possible to make certain comT a b l e 7 .-—Number of boys’ and girls’ delinquency cases disposed of by 58 courts
in 1937
■
Delinquency cases
Delinquency cases
Area served by court
Area served by court
Boys
Girls
- 45,683 38,985
6,698
125
107
18
1,758
795
1,471
634
287
161
1,208
620
1,431
604
1,250
1,116
546
1,271
514
1,073
92
74
160
90
177
114
235
1,082
479
211
58
180
907
348
157
56
55
175
131
54
349
799
2,518
259
693
2,287
90
106
231
521
305
2,307
459
240
2,112
62
65
195
1 25fi
462
533
1,073
391
455
183
71
78
985
198
4, 758
207
474
889
172
4,193
159
403
96
26
565
48
71
Total
Total eases_________
Alabama: Mobile County. . .
California:
San Diego County______
San Francisco County. . .
Connecticut:
Fairfield County ____ _
Hartford (city)------- ------District of Columbia ..... . .
Florida: Dade County______
Georgia: Fulton County____
Indiana:
Allen County___________
Lake County___________
Marion County_______ .
St. Joseph County____ _
Vanderburgh County.. .
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish __ . . . __
Orleans Parish . _____
Maryland: Baltimore (city)
New Jersey: Hudson County
New York:
New York (city)_____
.
Onondaga County----------
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New York— Continued.
Westchester County. . . .
Ohio:
Allen County. _________
Franklin County.. . . .
Hamilton County. _ . . .
Lucas County____ . .
Montgomery County___
Oklahoma:
Tulsa (city)____. .
Tulsa County (exclusive
of Tulsa city)----- . . .
Oregon: Multnomah County.
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County.. . . . .
Berks C o u n ty----- . . . .
Montgomery County----South Carolina: Greenville
County . . . . . .
Tennessee: Memphis (city)..
Utah:
First District. . . . ------Second District
Third District__________
Fourth District______
Fifth D istr ic t..------------Sixth District_________
Seventh District... . . _
Eighth District______
Virginia: Norfolk (city)_____
Washington:
Pierce County.
---------Spokane County______ .
W i s c o n s i n : M ilw a u k e e
Total
Boys
351
292
59
499
1,299
3,160
860
1,018
407
1,051
2, 556
691
839
92
248
604
169
179
162
111
51
64
672
47
556
17
116
1,312
115
103
1,123
106
94
189
9
9
219
1,601
186
1,315
33
286
194
479
1,073
293
153
123
109
22
622
170
360
959
251
138
108
93
18
537
24
119
114
42
15
15
16
4
85
227
538
158
434
69
104
4,831
4,218
613
'
Girls
16
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 19 3 7
parisons between the findings based on the analysis of the 1937 data
reported by the 53 courts and similar data reported oyer a period of
years by the 28 courts.
Num ber o f Cases.
During 1937 the 53 courts disposed of 45,683 delinquency cases,
of which 38,985 were boys’ and 6,698 were girls’ cases (table 7). The
distribution between the sexes (85 percent boys’ and 15 percent girls’
cases) showed little variation from the distribution noted in previous
years (see table 5, p.12).
R ace o f Boys and Girls.
Table 8 shows the race and nativity of the boys and girls dealt with
in the delinquency cases disposed of by the 53 courts during 1937.
White children were involved in 78 percent of the delinquency cases,
Negro children in 22 percent, and children of other races in less than
1 percent of the cases. (See p. 12 for discussion of trends in cases of
white and Negro children.) When a comparison is made between the
racial distribution of the cases of delinquent children and the racial
distribution of all children under 21 years of age in the area served by
the 53 courts, it is found that white children are represented in a
smaller proportion and Negro children in a larger proportion of the
delinquency cases than they are in the general population. Of the
total number of children under 21 years of age in the general popula
tion, white children formed 93 percent, Negro children, 7 percent, and
children of other races less than 1 percent.
T a b l e 8.— Race, nativity, and parent nativity o f boys and girls dealt with in delin
quency cases disposed o f by 58 courts in 1937
Delinquency cases
Race, nativity, and parent nativity of child
Total cases___________________
White........................... ........
Native______ ______________
Native parentage_____ _______________
Foreign or mixed parentage__________________
Parentage not reported__________________
Foreign born________
______
Nativity not reported____________________
Negro___ ______________•_______
Other race____ _______________
Number
Percent distribution
Total
Boys
Girls
Total
45,683
38,985
6.698
100
100
35,401
30,201
5,200
78
78
78
34,717
29,611
5,106
76
76
76
23, 730
9,905
1,082
19,881
8,851
879
3,849
1,054
203
52
22
2
51
23
2
57
16
3
528
156
460
130
68
26
1
1
1
1
1
1
10,203
79
8,720
64
1.483
15
Boys
22
0
Girls
100
22
0
22
0
1 Less than 1 percent.
Among the cases of native white children involved in delinquency
cases, 71 percent were cases of children both of whose parents were
native bom. In comparison, children both of whose parents were
native comprised only 56 percent of the general population under 21
years of age. However, it is important to keep in mind that this
comparison is between juvenile-court cases for 1937 and general
population figures for 1930. Because of the restrictions that have been
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17
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
placed on immigration during the past 20 years the percentage of the
general population under 21 years of age that was of native parentage
would naturally be substantially larger in 1937 than in 1930.
Native white children having one or both parents of foreign birth
were involved in 29 percent of the cases disposed of by the juvenile
courts in 1937. Such children, however, represented 44 percent of
the general population in these areas. This large proportion resulted
primarily from the extremely high percentage of native white children
of foreign or mixed parentage in New York City (69 percent). If the
figures for this city were omitted the proportion would be lowered
from 44 to 35 percent.
Age o f Boys and Girls.
As has been stated, the maximum age for juvenile-court jurisdiction
affects considerably the age distribution of cases handled. Of the 53
courts, 24 had jurisdiction over children under 16 years of a g e ;9
7, under 17 years; 20, under 18 years; and 2, under 21 years.
Table 9 shows the age distribution by sex and race of the children
in cases dealt with by the 53 courts during 1937. Considerable
differences are shown in age distribution between the boys and girls
T a b l e 9.— Age o f white and Negro boys and girls dealt with in delinquency cases
disposed o f by 53 courts in 1937
Delinquency cases
Percent distribution
Number
Age and sex of children
Total
White
Negro
Other
45,683
35,401
10,203
79
38,985
30,201
8,720
64
Total
White
Negro
Other
38,923
30,154
8,705
64
100
100
100
100
Under 10 years_________________
1,803
10 years, under 12 .... _ _______
4,449
8,902
12 years, under 14______________
14 years, under 16___ ______ ____ 15,409
16 years, under 18_______________ 8,164
18 years and o v e r..._____ _______
196
1,370
3,219
6,529
11,988
6,883
165
431
1,225
2. 357
3,399
1,263
30
2
5
16
22
181
5
11
23
40
21
4
11
22
40
23
5
14
27
39
15
3
8
25
34
28
2
62
47
15
Age reported----------------------------------
Age reported__________ ________ . . .
Under 10 years___ ____________
10 years, under 12 _____ _______
12 yearsj under 14________ ___
14 years, under 16_______________
16 years, under 18________
. ._
18 years and over_______________
(0
0)
0)
6,698
5,200
1,483
15
6,687
5,190
1,482
15
100
100
100
(9
165
325
1,121
3.074
1,925
77
126
221
781
2,365
1,626
71
38
104
339
703
293
5
1
2
5
17
46
29
1
3
4
15
46
31
1
3
7
23
47
20
(2)
(*)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
11
10
1
1
6
6
1
to
i Less than 1 percent.
8 Percentages not computed because of small total number of cases.
and between the white and Negro children in the cases dealt with,
although the largest proportion of cases among both boys and girls
and both white and Negro children was in the age group that included
the 14- and 15-year-old children.
« The 5 reporting courts in Indiana included in this 24 had jurisdiction of boys under 16 years of age, girls
under 18 years of age.
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00
Figure 6.— Age Distribution of Children in Delinquency Cases Disposed of in 1 9 37 by 53 Courts, by A ge Jurisdiction of Courts
PERCENTAGE OF CASES
20
40
60
UNOER10YEARS
10 YEARS,
UNDER 12
12 Y E A R S ,
UNDER 14
14 Y EA RS,
UNDER 16
16 Y EA RS,
UNDER 18
16 Y E A R S
AND OVER
ALL COURTS
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
24 COURTS HAVING
JURISDICTION UP TO
16 YEARS OF AGE
7 COURTS HAVING
JURISDICTION UP TO
17 YEARS OF AGE
20 COURTS HAVING
JURISDICTION UP TO
18 YEARS OF AGE
2 COURTS HAVING
JURISDICTION UP TO
21 YEARS OF AGE
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 1 9 3 7
0
AGE
GROUP
19
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
Among those courts authorized to deal with children up to the age
of 18 and among those authorized to deal with children up to 21, cases
of children in the older groups constituted by far the greatest pro
portion of cases (table 10 and figure 6). Consequently, it seems clear
that the large percentage of cases of children 14 and 15 years of age in
the total cases reported by all 53 courts is the result of the predominat
ing influence of cases from courts having jurisdiction over children
only up to the age of 16.
T
able
10.— Age under which juvenile court has original jurisdiction and age of
children in delinquency cases disposed o f by 53 courts in 1937
Delinquency cases
Age under which juvenile court has original jurisdiction
Total
Age of child when re
ferred to court
16 years •
Num
ber
Per
Num
cent
ber
distri
bution
21 years
18 years
Per
Per
Per
Per
Num
cent Num cent
cent Num cent
distri
distri ber
ber
distri
ber
distri
bution
bution
bution
bution
2,553
18,361
7,917
16,852
45,683
17 years
--- .
45,610
100
16,810
100
7,903
100
18,347
100
2,550
100
1,968
Under 10 years----------4,774
10 years, under 12------12 years, under 14------- 10,023
14 years, under 16------- 18,483
16 years, under 18------- 10,089
273
18 years and over--------
4
10
22
41
22
1
849
2,103
4,609
8,549
667
33
5
13
27
51
4
0)
301
831
1,810
3,296
1,629
36
4
10
23
42
21
0)
759
1,742
3,351
5,852
6, 535
108
4
9
18
32
36
1
59
98
253
786
1,258
96
2
4
10
31
49
4
Age reported-------------------
73
42
14
14
3
i Less than 1 percent.
Among the cases handled by the 53 courts during 1937 the girls
were older on the average than the boys (figure 7). The cases of
girls 16 years of age or over comprised 30 percent of the total number
of girls’ cases, whereas 21 percent of the boys were in that age group.
Reason for R eference to Court.
The reasons for referring delinquency cases to the 53 courts in 1937
are shown in table 11. As would be expected, the reasons for which
boys were brought before the courts differed considerably from the
reasons for which the girls were brought into court. In slightly more
than one-half (53 percent) of the boys’ cases the referral was for
some type of stealing 10 and in one-fifth of the cases it was for the
commission of acts of carelessness or mischief. Among girls’ cases,
however, the largest proportions of referrals were for runnmg away,
for being ungovernable, and for sex offenses. These three types of
offenses accounted for 65 percent of all girls’ cases (figure 8, p. 22.).
The distribution of reasons for reference in girls’ cases remamed
approximately the same in 1937 as in the years 1929 to 1936. Among
boys’ cases, however, there have been some variations from year to
year. The proportion of boys’ cases referred for stealing has risen
10 This classification includes automobile stealing, burglary or unlawful entry, hold-up, and all other
types of stealing.
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20
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS, 1 9 3 7
Figure 7.— Age Distribution of Boys and G irls in Delinquency Cases Disposed of bv 53
Courts in 1937
gradually each year since 1933, and in 1937 the proportion of cases
referred for this reason was larger than in any other year of the
period 1929 to 1937. On the other hand, the proportion of boys’
cases referred for acts of carelessness or mischief has declined each
year since 1932, and in 1937 the proportion referred for this reason
was smaller than in any previous year. The percentage of boys’
cases referred for all other reasons remained approximately the same
m 1937 as in previous years (see table A3, p. 42).
A few significant differences appear in the distribution of offenses
for which white and Negro children were brought before the courts
m 1937. Larger proportions of Negro than' of white boys were
referred to court for stealing, whereas larger proportions of white
than of Negro boys were referred to court for acts of carelessness or
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21
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T a b l e 11 .— Reason for reference to court o f white and Negro boys and girls dealt with
in delinquency cases disposed of by 53 courts in 1937
Delinquency cases
Reason for reference to court, and sex of
child
Number
Total
Percent distribution
White
Negro
Other Total White Negro
Other
45,683
35,401
10,203
79
38,985
30,201
8,720
64
38,864
30,133
8,668
63
100
100
100
100
20,664
7,954
2,390
1,791
1,628
2,193
929
Injury to person____ . . . ____________
718
Use, possession, or sale of liquor or
210
drugs___________________________ . .
387
15,127
6,386
2,270
1,573
1,418
1,641
759
453
5,510
1,565
103
214
205
547
170
264
27
3
17
4
5
5
53
20
6
5
4
6
2
2
50
21
8
5
5
5
3
1
64
18
1
3
2
6
2
3
43
4
27
6
8
8
189
317
20
70
1
1
1
1
1
Reason for reference reported___ . ____ .
Stealing_______________ ______. ____
Act of carelessness or mischief. _____
Traffic violation_____________________
Truancy_____________________________
Running away______________________
Being ungovernable_______________ .
Reason for reference reported__________ .
Stealing______________________ ______
Running away_____ __________ . . .
Being ungovernable_______ __________
Sex offense________________ __________
121
68
52
1
6,698
5,200
1,483
15
6,598
5,152
1,431
15
100
100
776
496
121
682
1,165
1,867
1,262
110
535
328
120
600
1,017
1,354
1,052
35
238
168
1
82
146
507
206
75
3
12
7
10
18
28
19
2
11
6
2
12
20
26
20
1
59
60
53
58
6
2
1
1
1
1
100
48
52
Use, possession, or sale of liquor or
Reason for reference not reported________
1
2
2
*6
4
(*)
2
2
1
100
(?)
17
«
12 • (»)
(!)
(S )
(a )
6
10
m
36
h
14
(s)
5
<*>
0)
0
(a)
m
1 Less than 1 percent.
a Percentages not computed because of small total number of cases.
mischief, traffic violations, truancy, and running away. Negro girls
were referred more frequently than white girls for stealing, acts of
carelessness or mischief, being ungovernable, and injury to persons,
and white girls were referred more often than Negro girls for truancy,
running away, and for sex offenses.
Table 12 indicates that the proportion of cases referred to the
courts for the different types of offenses varied with the age of the
children, reflecting to some extent changing interests and pursuits.
Among both boys’ and girls’ cases the percentage referred to court
for acts of carelessness or mischief decreased as the age of the children
increased, although the decrease was much more marked in girls’ than
in boys’ cases. On the other hand, in boys’ cases, those involving
traffic violation were found more frequently among older boys than
among younger boys. Similarly, among girls’ cases, the percentage
of cases referred for sex offenses and particularly for running away
rose as the age of the girls increased.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
22
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS, 1 9 3 7
Figure 8.— Reason for Reference to Court
REASON FOR
REFERENCE
STEALING
ACT OF CARELESS
NESS OR MISCHIEF
TRAFFIC
VIOLATION
BEING
UNGOVERNABLE
TRUANCY
RUNNING AWAY
SEX OFFENSE
OTHER
BOYS’ CASES
GIRLS’ CASES
ffttfttttt tits
fitti
fi
fi
fi
f
i
f
Iff
fl
1
ffftfff
Iti
fitti
fitti
f
EACH COMPLETE SYMBOL
REPRESENTS 4% OF TOTAL
BOYS’ CASES,OR 1,560 CASES
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
EACH COMPLETE SYMBOL
REPRESENTS 4% OF TOTAL
GIRLS’CASES, OR 268 CASES
T a b l e 12.— Reason for reference to court and age of boys and girls dealt with in delinquency cases disposed of by 53 courts in 1937
Delinquency cases
Number
14 years,
under 16
16 years,
under 18
10,023
18,483
10, 089
273
73
38,985
4,449
8,902
15,409
8,164
196
62
38,864
1,800
884
607
3
51
43
119
39
46
4,435
8,878
15, 332
8,161
196
62
100
100
100
100
100
2,515
1,207
5
130
149
250
71
78
5,091
2,097
57
279
367
555
186
162
8,462
2,967
425
922
686
974
400
300
3,606
1,030
1,860
399
373
277
222
125
89
25
37
1
6
13
10
6
17
21
3
9
4
5
1
1
53
20
6
5
4
6
2
2
49
34
57
27
C1)
3
3
6
2
2
57
24
1
3
4
6
2
2
55
19
3
6
5
6
3
2
100
44
13
23
5
4
3
3
1
2
6
7
23
19
65
45
151
132
137
5
4
1
1
1
1
1
3
14
24
77
3
100
19
11
(’)
7
15
26
18
2
100
Stealing_______________ _____________ 20, 664
Act of carelessness or mischief___ __ 7,954
Traffic violation___________________ .
2,390
Truancy.............. .................... ................
1,791
Running away_______________ _______
1,628
Being ungovernable_____ ____________ 2,193
Sex offense.......... - ___________________
929
Injury to person_____________________
718
Use, possession, or sale of liquor or
210
Other reason_________________________
387
121
Reason for reference reported ......................
Stealing.................................................
Act of carelessness or mischief_______
Traffic violation____________ ____ ____
Truancy......... ........... ...................- ........
Running away______________________
Being ungovernable__________ ______
Sex offense_______________________
325
1,121
3,074
1,925
77
11
1,097
3,010
38
48
320
114
63
Ï7
24
52
39
11
268
178
21
389
565
959
541
44
77
7
3
1
2
19
17
22
2
11
4
12
9
28
21
4
213
122
1
82
160
290
200
19
1,922
132
82
98
179
387
518
438
30
25
20
64
28
30
3
1
3
5
5
5
24
59
60
100
1Less than 1 percent.
1
4
1
1
3
1
1
100
12
7
2
10
18
28
19
2
1
1
3
2
7
2
3
TO
(!)
(>)
m
100
24
30
100
7
6
17
13
2
5
8
16
12
3
1
36
20
(!)
(O
1
1
9
6
1
13
19
32
18
1
H
1
Age not
reported
18 years
and over
16 years,
under 18
14 years,
under 16
Under 10
years
Total
165
161
Use, "possession, or sale of liquor or
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Age not
| reported
6,698
6,598
776
496
121
682
1,165
1,867
1,262
110
0)
12 years,
under 14
12 years,
under 14
4,774
1,803
10 years,
under 12
10 years,
under 12
1,968
18 years
and over
Under 10
years
Reason for reference reported____ _______
45, 683
100
100
45
13
19
3
7
5
3
27
34
5
14
6
8
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
100
7
4
5
9
20
27
23
2
100
9
4
1
3
25
22
28
3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1
2
1
4
(2)
(2)
0)
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
Total cases__ _____________________
Percent distribution
Total
Reason for reference to court, and sex
of child
------------------- ;----------------------------------
^0
2 Percentages not computed because of small total number of cases.
00
.
24
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS, 1 9 3 7
Source o f R eference to Court.
The analysis of the sources from which cases are referred to juve
nile courts reflects to some extent the relationship of the court to the
community. For example, the proportion of cases referred by such
sources as parents and relatives, other individuals, and social agencies
may indicate in general whether the court is regarded as an agency to
deal with all conduct problems or only the more serious ones in which
court authority is necessary. As would be expected, the proportion
of cases referred by each source varied from court to court (see table
B9, p. 63).
Table 13 shows the source of reference to court by sex and race of
the children dealt with in the delinquency cases disposed of by the 53
courts during 1937. The percentage of cases referred by each source
T a b l e 13.— Source o f reference to court o f white and Negro boys and girls dealt with in
delinquency cases disposed of by 53 courts in 1937
Delinquency cases
Source of reference to court, and sex of
child
Number
Total
Percent distribution
White
Negro
Other Total
Total cases__________
45,683
35, 401
10,203
79
Boys’ cases_________
38,985
30,201
8,720
64
White Negro Other
Source of reference reported.
38,971
30,191
8,716
64
100
100
100
100
Police______________
School department..
Probation officer____
Other court_________
Social agency_______
Parents or relatives..
Individual..................
Other source_______
28,800
1,905
1,278
779
332
1,667
4,068
142
22,022
1,667
1,032
729
246
1,242
3,128
125
6, 745
235
240
33
86
425
935
17
33
3
6
17
74
5
3
2
1
4
11
73
6
4
2
1
4
10
0)
77
3
3
0)
1
5
u
0
52
5
9
26
Source of reference not reported.
14
10
4
Girls’ cases_____________
6,698
5,200
1,483
15
Source of reference reported____
6,697
5,199
1,483
15
100
100
100
0
2,618
764
363
110
433
1,609
788
12
2,045
679
311
104
320
1,157
572
11
568
84
51
5
111
447
216
1
5
1
1
1
2
5
39
11
5
2
7
24
12
0)
40
13
6
2
6
22
11
38
6
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
Police._____________
School department . .
Probation officer____
Other court_________
Social agency_______
Parents or relatives..
Individual__________
Other source________
Source of reference not reported.
5
0
o
0
8
30
15
0
8
Less than 1 percent.
1Percentages not computed because of small total number of cases.
varied but little between white and Negro cases, but considerably
between boys’ and girls’ cases. Almost three-fourths (74 percent) of
the boys’ cases were referred by the police, whereas only two-fifths
(39 percent) of the girls’ cases were referred by this source. On the
other hand, parents or relatives referred to court only 4 percent of the
boys cases and 24 percent of the girls’ cases. These differences may
be explained in part by comparing the sources of reference to court of
cases referred for different reasons (table 14). More than one-half of
the boys’ cases were referred to court for stealing and 84 percent of
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T
able
14.— Source o f reference and reason for reference to court o f boys and girls dealt with in delinquency cases disposed of by 53 courts in 1937
Delinquency cases
Source of reference to court, and sex of child
Stealing
Total
Boys' ca ses_______________________________
Source of reference reported________________________
Individual------------------------- -------------------------------Other source________________ ________- .......... .......
45,683
38,985
21,440
20,664
2,793
4,060
2,191
828
269
447
7,954
1,791
1,628
2,193
929
718
210
387
121
1,625
2,192
929
718
210
387
121
1,153
16
76
20
69
237
50
4
370
209
167
5
118
1,089
227
7
618
16
75
. 1
15
21
180
3
361
19
16
164
8
13
11
295
77
1
3
27
23
1
18
1
1, 262
110
59
60
100
110
59
60
100
43
26
41
1
1
20,659
7,949
2,390
28,800
1,905
1,278
779
332
1,667
4,068
142
17,408
165
706
152
50
127
1,992
59
6,361
100
107
27
29
43
1,245
37
1,823
3
10
534
170
1, 364
81
14
5
5
Girls’ ca se s___________________ ____ ______
776
496
Individual............................ ............. ...................... Other source------- ------- ------------------------ •— ---------
2, 618
764
363
110
433
1,609
788
12
Source of reference not reported................................. -
1
548
17
19
8
8
25
147
4
221
2,473
38,971
776
Reason
not
reported
2,390
1,791
6,697
Other
reason
2,511
6,698
Source of reference reported_______________ ____ ____
Use, pos
session,
Injury to or sale
. person
of liquor
or drugs
8,450
----- ------- ---------------
Source of reference not reported
Sex
offense
496
270
9
5
2
8
25
177
2
17
1
121
121
77
1
1
42
i8
125
33
682
682
41
534
27
10
57
13
3
1
1,165
1,867
1,164
565
25
55
28
94
322
72
3
1,867
342
97
145
975
181
1
1,262
626
129
13
117
178
127
4
27
22
15
39
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
Total cases_________________________ ______
Act of
Being
Traffic Truancy Running ungovern
careless
away
ness or violation
able
mischief
43
11
59
i
to
Ot
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
26
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 1 9 3 7
these were referred by the police. Among girls’ cases, however, the
largest proportion of referrals were for running away, for being
ungovernable, or for sex offenses, and 34 percent of all such cases were
referred by parents or relatives.
Among boys’ cases the police referred between 60 and 80 percent
of those groups in which the reasons for reference were acts of care
lessness or mischief, traffic violation, running away, sex offense, and
use, possession, or sale of liquor or drugs. The school departments
referred 76 percent of the truancy cases, parents or relatives referred
50 percent of the cases brought into court for being ungovernable,
and individuals .were the source of reference for 41 percent of the
cases referred for injury to person.
Place o f Detention Care.
Table 15 indicates the places in which delinquent children were
cared for pending the hearing or disposition of their cases. The
places of detention care used by the courts and the extent of such
T
able
15.— Place of detention care of white and Negro boys and girls dealt with in
delinquency cases disposed of by 58 courts in 1987
Delinquency cases
Place of detention care, and sex of child
Number
Percent distribution
Total
White
Negro
45, 683
35,401
10,203
79
38,985
30, 201
8,720
64
Detention care reported_________ _______
38,979
30,196
8,719
64
100
100
100
100
No detention care___________________
Detention care overnight or longer___
22,837
16,142
18, 725
11,471
4,081
4,638
31
33
59
41
62
38
47
53
48
52
Boarding home or other family
home__________________ . . . . . .
371
Detention home 1___________ . . . 11,946
Other institution. ___________ __ 2, 432
Jail or police station 3____ _______
1,158
Other place of care3. . ___________
234
Place of care not reported________
1
305
8,341
1,805
851
168
1
64
3,578
626
304
66
2
27
1
3
1
31
6
3
(<)
(4)
1
28
6
3
1
41
7
3
1
3
42
2
5
Total cases___
_
_____ ____
Boys’ cases____ _ . _ _______
. .
Detention care not reported_____________
Other Total
White Negro
(4)
Other
<<)
6
5
1
6,698
5,200
1,483
15
6,696
5,199
1,482
15
100
100
100
(')
No detention care___________________
Detention care overnight or longer___
3,549
3,147
2,757
2,442
790
692
2
13
53
47
53
47
53
47
(5)
(s)
Boarding home or other family
home____________
_______ _
Detention home 1_____ ________
Other institution________________
Jail or police station 1 _______
Other place of care3 .
Place of care not reported_______
107
2,172
750
82
36
92
1,723
532
65
30
13
440
217
16
6
2
9
1
1
2
33
11
1
(1)
2
33
10
1
1
1
30
15
1
(4)
(8)
(8)
(5)
(6)
2
1
1
Girls’ cases. . ___________________
Detention care reported_______________
Detention care not reported
1 Includes eases of children cared for part of the time in detention homes and part of the time elsewhere
but excludes cases of children also held in jails or police stations.
1 Includes a few cases of children cared for part of the time in jails or police stations and part of the time
elsewhere.
3 Includes a few cases of children held in more than 1 place of care but in places other than detention
homes, jails, or police stations.
3 Less than 1 percent.
8 Percentages not computed because of small total number of cases.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Figure 9 .— Place of Detention Care
NO DETENTION CARE
GIRLS’ CASES
bo ys’ c a s e s
PLACE OF DETENTION
DETENTION HOME
OTHER INSTITUTION
ti
ftf
JAIL OR POLICE STATION
I
j
BOARDING HOME OR OTHER FAMILY
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
tfiftftttt lift! tfttftttif fill
I
EACH COMPLETE SYMBOL
REPRESENTS 4% OF TOTAL
BOYS' CASES,OR 1,560 CASES
EACH COMPLETE SY M BO L
REPRESENTS 4% OF TOTAL
GIRLS'CASES,OR 268 CASES
to
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
28
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS, 1 9 3 7
care are dependent in part on the facilities available in the local com
munities and in part on the attitude of the community with regard
to the necessity for detention. In some localities practically all
children brought to court in delinquency cases are detained, whereas
in others only certain types of delinquency are considered serious
enough to warrant detention care for the children.
During 1937 the children were detained overnight or longer in
slightly more than two-fifths (41 percent) of the boys’ cases and almost
one-half (47 percent) of the girls’ cases. The proportion of de
linquency cases in which the children had detention care decreased
irregularly from 1929 to 1936; in 1937, however, this proportion in
creased for both boys’ and girls’ cases (see table A5, p. 43).
The place of detention care most frequently used for both boys and
girls was the detention home (figure 9). In 1937, 74 percent of the
boys and 69 percent of the girls who were detained were cared for in
detention homes. “Other institutions” were second primarily because
of the large number of cases reported by the New York City court,
where a cooperative arrangement exists with the Society for the Pre
vention of Cruelty to Children. Jails or police stations were third
for boys and boarding homes or other family homes were third for
girls. There was a marked decrease from 1929 to 1937 in the use of
jails or police stations for the detention of children. Data for 28
courts given in table A5 (p. 43) show that in 1929, boys in 1,109 cases
and girls in 99 cases were held in jails or police stations pending
hearing or disposition of their cases. In 1937, however, only 623 boys
and 35 girls were detained in such places.
A few differences may be noted in the use of detention care for cases
of white and Negro children. Detention care was used more often
for cases of Negro than of white boys. There was no difference,
however, in the proportion of cases of white and Negro girls who were
detained overnight or longer pending hearing or disposition of their
cases. The types of detention facilities used for Negro children
varied little from those used for white children. Of the boys detained,
Negro boys were cared for in detention homes in a slightly larger
proportion of cases than white boys. Among girls’ cases, white
girls more frequently than Negro girls were cared for in detention
homes, and Negro girls were detained more often than white girls in
other institutions.
Data in table 16 indicate that among both boys’ and girls’ cases the
proportion of children having detention care varied with the age of the
children. The percentage of cases in which children were detained
overnight or longer increased as the age of the children increased.
Among cases involving boys under 10 years of age, the boys in 25
percent of the cases were held pending hearing or disposition of their
cases. On the other hand, among cases involving boys 14 and 15
years of age, the boys had detention care in 45 percent of the cases.
Similar differences may be noted among the girls’ cases. The varia
tions in detention care according to the ages of the children may be
explained in part by the differences in the types of offenses reported
for the younger and older children. As was noted on page 21, the
reasons for reference to court in the cases of the younger children were
more often acts of carelessness or mischief, for which detention care
was deemed unnecessary, whereas the cases of older children were
more often referred for stealing.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T a b l e 16.— Place of detention care and age o f boys and girls dealt with in delinquency cases disposed of by 53 courts in 1937
176986'
&
Ti
Delinquency cases
Number
Percent distribution
Place of detention care, and sex of child
Total
Under
10
years
10
years,
under
12
12
years,
under
14
14
years,
under
16
16
years,
under
18
18
years
and
over
1,968
4,774
10,023
18,483
10,089
273
73
Boys’ cases______ _____________ _ 38,985
1,803
4,449
8,902
15,409
8,164
196
62
1,803
1,345
458
4,448
8,902
15,405
8,164
196
61
2,896
1,552
5,343
3,559
8,465
6,940
4,627
3,537
116
so
45
16
12
355
79
7
5
40
1,228
243
27
14
94
2,742
603
75
45
198
4,849
1,402
388
103
27
2,706
99
638
66
1
57
2
20
1
9
4
3
6
6,698
165
325
% 121
3,074
1,925
77
1
11
6,696
3,549
3,147
165
128
37
325
1,121
3,073
1,924
77
11
217
108
577
544
1,569
1,504
1.025
899
26
51
7
4
107
2,172
750
82
36
25
10
1
1
1
67
37
3
20
342
172
7
3
63
995
403
25
18
23
702
119
44
11
38
9
2
2
3
1
1
Boarding home or other family
home______ ___________ _
Detention home3. . ____ _________
Other institution______________
Jail or police station3. ......... ..........
Other place of care4____________
Place of care not reported______ _
Detention care not reported........
Girls’ cases
___________ ___
Detention care reported.........
No detention care____________
Detention care overnight or longer___
Boarding home or other family
home_______________ ____ _
Detention home 3____________ __
Other institution.............................
Jail or police station3__________ .
Other place of care4_____________
Place of care not reported________
Detention care not reported_____________
38,979
22,837
16,142
371
11,946
2,432
1,158
234
1
2
1
4
10
years,
under
12
12
years,
under
14
14
years
under
16
16
years,
under
18
100
59
41
100
75
25
100
100
60
40
100
55
45
100
65
35
1
31
6
3
(i)
0)
1
20
4
1
28
6
1
1
31
7
1
1
32
9
3
1
100
67
33
loo
51
49
(i)
21
11
1
2
31
15
1
100
53
47
2
33
11
1
1
0)
«
w
100
77
23
15
6
1
1
«
0)
18
years
and
over
100
59
41
100
74
26
(tj
33
1
8
1
0)
29
1
10
1
15
7
5
100
51
49
100
53
47
100
34
66
2
32
13
1
1
1
37
6
2
1
49
12
3
3
57
43
(5)
(5)
(«)
(S)
(')
‘
i Less than 1 percent.
3 Includes cases of children cared for part of the time in detention homes and part of the time elsewhere but excludes cases of children also held in jails or police stations.
3 Includes a few cases of children cared for part of the time in jails or police stations and part of the time elsewhere.
4 Includes a few cases of children held in more than 1 place of care but in places other than detention homes, jails, or police stations.
3 Percentages not computed because of small total number of cases.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Age not
re
ported
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
Total cases__________ ______________ 45,683
Detention care reported_______ . . .
No detention care__________
Detention care overnight or longer___
Under
10
years
Age not
re
Total
ported
CO
T
able
17.— Place o f detention care and reason for reference to court o f boys and girts dealt with in delinquency cases disposed o f by 5S courts
in 1937
00
O
Delinquency cases
Place of detention care, and sex of child
Total
.
Boys' cases.____ ________________ ______
Detention care reported_______________________
Act of
careless
Traffic
Running
ness or violation Truancy
away
mischief
Being
ungov
ernable
Sex
offense
Use, pos
Injury to session, or
sale of
person
liquor or
drugs
Other
reason
Reason
not
reported
45,683
21,440
8,450
2,511
2,473
2,793
4,060
2,191
828
269
447
221
38,985
20,664
7,954
2,390
1,791
1,628
2,193
929
718
210
387
121
38,979
20, 660
7,954
2,390
1,790
1,628
2,192
929
718
210
387
121
No detention care_____________________________
Detention care overnight or longer________
22,837
16,142
10,056
10,604
6,301
1, 653
2,184
206
1,254
536
449
> 1,179
1,266
926
463
466
459
259
105
105
226
161
47
Boarding home or other family homo
Detention home1________ ____ ______
Other institution........... ................... ................
Jail or police station *_____ ___________
Other place of care8______________________
Place of care not reported_______________
371
11, 946
2,432
1,158
234
1
232
7,912
1,463
841
156
24
1,336
213
69
11
2
172
6
23
3
22
385
106
15
8
26
905
133
83
31
1
35
561
287
33
10
13
316
110
10
171
55
62
3
126
10
46
6
1
7
Detention care not reported......................._................
6
4
6,698
776
496
121
682
1,165
1,867
1,262
110
59
60
100
6,696
775
496
121
682
1,165
1,867
1, 261
110
59
60
100
3, 549
3,147
453
322
378
118
112
9
532
150
387
778
1,012
'855
487
774
79
31
26
33
25
52
Boarding home or other family home.
Detention home1_____ _______
Other institution____ _______
Jail or police stationJ. ............ ..........
Other place of care8____________ ______
Place of care not reported_______
107
2,172
750
82
36
5
231
75
7
4
6
8
107
34
577
29
573
27
515
20
23
21
4
2
29
11
11
6
22
S
2
i
Detention care not reported___________________
2
1
Girls’ ca ses______________________
Detention care reported_____ __________
No detention care________ ____ _______
Detention care overnight or longer..
1
99
15
i
3
3
1
51
i
1
‘ Includes cases of children cared for part of the time in detention homes and part of the time elsewhere but excludes eases of children also held in jails or police stations
2Includes a few cases of children cared for part of the time in jails or police stations and part of the time elsewhere.
8 Includes a few cases of children held in more than 1 place of care but in places other than detention homes, jails, or police stations.
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CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 193 7
Total cases__________________________
Stealing
31
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
Although the type of offense does not necessarily indicate the need
for detention care, the data for 1937 show that there was some rela
tionship between the use of detention care and the reasons for reference
to court (table 17). Among boys’ cases detention care was most
frequently used in cases referred for stealing and for running away
(51 percent and 72 percent, respectively). On the other hand, in only
a small proportion of the cases in which boys were referred for acts
of carelessness, traffic violations, and truancy were they detained
overnight (21 percent, 9 percent, and 30 percent, respectively).
Among girls c &s g s th.6 laxgGst proportion of c&sos in which, detention
care was thought to be necessary was among those referred for running
away and for sex offenses (67 percent and 61 percent, respectively).
Disposition o f Cases.
Table 18 gives information concerning the types of dispositions
made in the delinquency cases disposed of by the 53 courts during
1937. The nature^ of dispositions made by the various courts de
pends on the practices and procedures of the courts, and on existing
facilities for supervision and for institutional care.
In 1937, as in each year since 1929, the disposition most frequently
made of both boys’ and girls’ cases was “ dismissed, adjusted, or held
open without further action.” The proportion of cases disposed of
m this manner increased from 1929 to 1933, at which time the pro
portion reached 55 percent for boys’ cases and 41 percent for girls’
cases. Since 1933, however, the proportion of cases disposed of by
dismissal, adjustment, or holding open without further action has
been decreasing; in 1937 it had decreased to 48 percent for boys’
cases and 36 percent for girls’ cases, only 1 percent higher than the
proportion reported for 1929. (See table A6, p. 44).
T
able
18.
Disposition o f cases o f white and Negro boys and girls dealt with in
delinquency cases disposed o f by S3 courts in 1937
Delinquency cases
Disposition of case, and sex of child
Number
Total
Total cases.
Boys’ cases_________________ '___
Dismissed, adjusted, or held open with
out further action............... ......................
Child supervised by probation officer___
Child committed or referred to an insti
tution__________________
Child committed or referred "to an agency
or individual_____ __________ _________
Restitution, fine, or costs ordered...........
Other disposition of case_________________
Girls’ cases.
Dismissed, adjusted, or held open with
out further action_____________________
Child supervised by probation officer..
Child committed or referred to an insti
tution_________________________________
Child committed or referred to an agency
or individual____________ ____ ________
Restitution, fine, or costs ordered_______
Other disposition of case_________________
Percent distribution
White
Negro
45,683
35,401
10,203
79
38,985
30,201
8,720
64
100
100
100
100
18,997
11,535
15,133
9,042
3,835
2,475
29
18
49
29
50
30
44
29
45
28
4,256
2,904
1,340
12
11
10
16
19
1,844
741
1,612
1,134
657
1,331
710
84
276
5
5
2
4
4
2
4
8
1
3
8
6,698
5,200
1,483
15
100
100
100
(0
2,578
1,796
1,986
1,410
588
385
4
1
38
27
38
27
40
26
(0
(*)
Other Total
1,185
907
271
7
18
18
18
(0
617
36
486
434
25
438
182
11
46
1
9
1
7
8
1
8
12
1
3
(>)
0)
pj
Percentages not computed because of small total number of cases.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
White Negro Other
2
32
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS,
193 7
The dispositions made of boys’ and girls’ cases in 1937 differed con
siderably. Boys’ cases were more often dismissed, adjusted, or held
open without further action than were girls’ cases, whereas commit
ments or referrals to institutions or agencies were more frequent in
girls’ cases. In 1937, 18 percent of the girls’ cases were disposed of by
commitment or referral to an institution and 9 percent by commit
ment or referral to an agency or individual (figure 10). These differ
ences in dispositions between boys’ and girls’ cases may be attributed
in part to the differences in types of offenses for which boys and girls
are brought into court (see p. 19).
A few differences may be noted in the types of dispositions reported
in cases of white and Negro children. Cases of white boys were more
frequently disposed of by dismissal than cases of Negro boys. On the
other hand, commitment or referral to an institution, agency, or
individual was more frequent in the case of Negro boys. No marked
differences are apparent in the dispositions of the cases of white and
Negro girls.
The relationship of the age of the children to the disposition made
by the courts is shown in table 19. As might be expected, the disposi
tions of cases of children under 12 years of age, especially of children
under 10, differed somewhat from the dispositions of cases of older
children. A larger proportion of the cases of younger children than
of older children were dismissed, adjusted, or held open without further
action. Supervision by probation officers was used more frequently
in cases of children between 12 and 16 years of age than of children
in other age groups. The proportion of cases of children committed
or referred to institutions increased as the ages of the children in
creased. This trend was much more marked in girls’ than in boys’
cases.
Table 20 indicates the relation between the types of offenses com
mitted by boys and girls and the dispositions of their cases. In
interpreting the data in this table it should be recognized that in
juvenile-court practice the disposition made of a case is not deter
mined solely by the type of offense. The particular needs of the
child, his home situation, his age, the character and nature of his
previous delinquencies, as well as the type of facilities in the com
munity for care and supervision, enter into the decision as to the type
of treatment given.
Data in table 20 show that among both boys’ and girls’ cases more
than 50 percent of the cases referred for acts of carelessness or mis
chief and for traffic violation were disposed of by dismissal, adjust
ment, or holding open without further action. In between 25 and 50
percent of both boys’ and girls’ cases referred for stealing, truancy,
being ungovernable, and sex offenses, the children were placed under
the supervision of a probation officer. However, commitment or
referral to an institution was the disposition also made frequently in
cases referred for stealing, running away, being ungovernable, and sex
offenses. As was stated earlier, however, institutional care was used
more often in girls’ than in boys’ cases.
Previous Court Experience.
Table 21 (p. 37) shows previous court experience as delinquents of
white and Negro boys and girls dealt with in the cases disposed of by
the 53 courts in 1937.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Figure 10.— Disposition of Cases
DISPOSITIO N
boys ’ c a s e s
"GIRLS’ c a s e s
tttttttftt HI
hhhhim
CHILD SUPERVISED BY PROBATION OFFICER
fffftftf
HHIH
CHILD CO M M ITTED OR R E FER R ED
TO AN INSTITUTION
ft(
# # f# f
CHILD COMMITTED OR REFERRED TO
AN AGENCY OR IN D IV ID U A L
fi
R E ST IT U T IO N , FIN E, OR
i
COSTS ORDERED
OTHER DISPOSITION
f
EACH COMPLETE SYMBOL
REPRESENTS 4 % OF TOTAL
BOYS’ CASES,OR I,560 CASES
Hi
i
JUYENILE-COTJRT STATISTICS
CASE D ISM IS S E D , ADJUSTED, OR
HELD OPEN WITHOUT FURTHER ACTION
EACH COMPLETE SYM BOL
REPRESENTS 4 % OF TOTAL
CO
CO
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
00
T a b l e 19.— Disposition of cases and age of boys and girls dealt with in delinquency cases disposed of by 53 courts in 1937
Delinquency cases
Percent distribution
Number
Disposition of case, and sex of child
Total
_____________________
____ ______ _______
Other disposition of case--------------------------
16
years,
under
18
18
years
and
over
Age
not re
ported
Total
Under
10
years
10
years,
under
12
12
years,
under
14
14
years,
under
16
16
years,
under
18
18
years
and
over
Age
not re
ported
45,683
1,968
4,774
10,023
18,483
10,089
273
73
1,803
4,449
8,902
15,409
8,164
196
62
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
1,2 10
349
2,452
1,130
4,259
2,767
6,716
5,307
4,222
1,923
107
43
31
16
49
29
67
20
55
25
48
31
44
34
52
23
55
22
50
26
91
396
979
1,967
796
20
7
11
5
9
11
13
10
10
11
92
39
22
286
76
109
501
128
268
682
195
542
277
296
650
4
5
17
2
2
4
5
2
4
5
2
1
6
2
3
6
1
3
4
i
4
3
4
8
2
2
9
3
3
7
6,698
165
325
1 ,1 2 1
3,074
1,925
77
11
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
(*)
2,578
1,796
117
17
182
73
418
306
1,034
922
782
465
39
13
6
38
27
71
10
56
22
37
27
34
30
41
24
51
17
■
w
1,185
12
26
217
599
312
16
3
18
7
8
20
19
16
21
i$
617
36
486
10
3
6
32
5
7
117
3
60
297
15
207
156
10
200
4
1
10
2
2
10
(3)
7
8
1
.10
5
1
6
2
4
11
5
9
1
7
(I
0)
i1)
1 Percentages not computed because of small total number of cases.
* Less than 1 percent.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
14
years,
under
16
(2)
5
6
193 7
Dismissed, adjusted, or held open without
further action--------------- ---------------------Child supervised by probation officer—
Child committed or referred to an institution___________________________________
Child committed or referred to an agency
or individual__________________________
12
years,
under
' 14
38,985
Dismissed, adjusted, or held open without
18,997
further action_________________________
Child supervised by probation officer____ 11, 535
Child committed or referred to an institu4,256
tion_____________ ____________________
Child committed or referred to an agency
1,844
or individual----------- -------------------------741
Restitution, fine, or costs ordered________
1,612
Other disposition of case_________________
Girls’ cases.
10
years,
under
12
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS,
Boys’ cases
Under
10
years
T a b l e 20. — Disposition of cases and reason for reference to court of boys and girls dealt with in delinquency cases disposed of by 53 courts in 1937
Delinquency cases
Disposition of case, and sex of child
Total
Stealing
Act of
careless
Traffic
Running Being un
govern
ness or violation Truancy
away
able
mischief
Sex
offense
Use, pos
Injury to session,
person or sale of
liquor or
drugs
Other
reason
Reason
not re
ported
45,683
21,440
8,450
2,511
2,473
2,793
4,060
2,191
828
269
447
221
Boys’ cases__________________________________
38, 985
- 20,664
7,954
2,390
1,791
1,628
2,193
929
718
210
387
12 1
18,997
11,535
4,256
7,945
7,965
2,882
6,139
1,081
224
1,696
255
13
874
594
189
314
221
221
798
685
509
366
399
118
400
190
65
130
45
10
286
37
17
49
63
8
1,844
741
1 , 612
1,169
272
431
193
247
70
11
169
246
124
70
1
801
185
2
14
33
9
4
26
21
16
15
7
3
17
IS
17
1
10
6,698
776
496
12 1
682
1,165
1,867
1,262
110
59
60
100
2,578
1,796
1,185
334
266
83
365
69
20
97
7
1
330
225
49
268
224
215
664
531
409
376
375
360
67
19
10
26
9
12
22
20
7
29
51
19
617
36
486
64
15
14
28
12
2
4
12
73
91
2
365
231
1
31
106
10
2
2
7
6
1
5
5
Dismissed, adjusted, or held open without further
action..._____ ___________________________________
Child supervised by probation officer______________
Child committed or referred to an institution______
Child committed or referred to an agency or indi
vidual_____ _____ _____________________ ______
Restitution, fine, or costs ordered__________________
Other disposition of case____________________________
Girls’ cases__________________________________
Dismissed, adjusted, or held open without further
action________________ !___________________________
Child supervised by probation officer_______________
Child committed or referred to an institution_______
Child committed or referred to an agency or indi
vidual......... ................................................. ...............
Restitution, fine, or costs ordered__________________
Other disposition of case___________________________
5
45
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTIC!
Total cases______________ ____________________
in
CO
Or
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
co
05
Figure 11.— Previous Court Experience
P R E V IO U S E X P E R IE N C E
NEGRO BOYS
8,720 CASES
WHITE GIRLS
5,200 CASES
ftltttftlt fttttft
ttttttlt
tttttttttt It ttttttttlt Itti
Itili
Utili
tttttttttt u m i l i l i
tttttttttt u m i l i l i
EACH COMPLETE SYMBOL
REPRESENTS 4% OF TOTAL
CASES IN EACH GROUP
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
19 3 7
NEGRO GIRLS
1,483 CASES
P R E V IO U S E X P E R IE N C E
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS,
WHITE BOYS
30,199 CASES
NO
37
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T a b l e 21. — Previous court experience o f white and Negro boys and girls dealt with
in delinquency cases disposed of by 53 courts in 1937
Delinquency cases
Previous court experience, and sex
of child
Total cases______
Number
Percent distribution
Total
White
Negro
_ . . . . . __ ______ 45,683
35,401
10,203
79
38, 985
30,201
8, 720
64
38,983
13,918
25,065
30,199
9,768
20,431
8,720
4,129
4,591
64
21
43
Previous court experience reported---------Previous court experience_______. . .
No previous court experience_______
Previous court experience not reported
Previous court experience reported______
Previous court experience________. . .
No previous court experience.____ __
Other Total White Negro Other
2
2
6,698
5,200
1,483
15
6,698
1,334
5,364
5,200
1,023
4,177
1,483
310
1,173
15
1
14
100
36
64
100
32
68
100
47
53
100
20
80
100
20
80
100
21
79
100
33
67
Ü
(0
0)
1 Percentages not computed because of small total number of cases.
Previous court experience was more common among boys than
among girls. In 36 percent of the boys’ cases and 20 percent of the
girls’ cases the children had been before the courts previously in 1937
or in earlier years. Among cases of Negro children, the boys in 47
and the girls in 21 percent of the cases had had previous court ex
perience (figure 11).
Stealing was more frequently the reason for referral to court
among boys with previous court experience than it was among boys
without previous court experience (table 22). On the other hand, acts
of carelessness or mischief constituted the reason for reference in a smaller
proportion of the cases dealt with previously than of the cases dealt
with for the first time. Among the other reasons for reference there was
little difference in the proportion of cases previously dealt with and of
those not previously dealt with.
Among girls’ cases there was very little relationship between
previous court experience and reason for reference. Among the cases
of girls who had been dealt with more than once, the largest proportion
(approximately one-third) had been referred for being ungovernable.
The corresponding proportion for the cases that had never been before
the courts was slightly more than one-fourth.
Table 23 gives information concerning the relationship between
previous court experience and disposition of cases. Marked differ
ences, especially in boys’ cases, are noted in the types of dispositions
made of cases in which the children had had previous court experience
and of cases in which the children had not had such experience. In
two-thirds of the boys’ cases and slightly more than one-third of the
girls’ cases in which the children were committed or referred to an
institution the children had had previous court experience. On the
other hand, among cases dismissed, adjusted, or held open without
further action, the children in only 28 percent of the boys’ and 15
percent of the girls’ cases had been previously dealt with by the
courts.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T
able
22. — Previous court experience and reason for reference to court of boys and girls dealt with in delinquency cases disposed of by 53 courts
in 1937
CO
0°
Delinquency cases
Previous court experience, and sex of child
Steal
ing
Total
Act of
careless
ness or
mischief
Traffic
viola' tion
Truancy
Running
away
Being
ungov
ernable
Sex of
fense
Use, pos
Injury to session,
or sale of
person
liquor or
drugs
Other
reason
Reason
not re
ported
45,683
21,440
8,450
2,511
2,473
2,793
4,060
2,191
828
269
447
Boys’ cases_________________ ________________
38,985
20,664
7,954
2,390
1,791
1,628
2,193
929
718
210
387
12 1
Previous court experience reported_________________
38,983
20,663
7,954
2,390
1,791
1,628
2,193
929
718
210
386
12 1
13,918
25,065
8,645
12,018
2,094
5,860
629
1,761
711
1,080
454
1,174
795
1,398
222
707
178
540
75
135
93
293
22
99
Previous court experience___________________
No previous court experience_________________
Previous court experience not reported______
221
2
1
Girls’ cases_______ ___________ ________ _____
6,698
776
496
12 1
682
1,165
1,867
1,262
110
59
60
100
Previous court experience reported_________ _____ _
6,698
776
496
12 1
682
1,165
1,867
1,262
110
59
60
100
Previous court experience._____________________
No previous court experience___________________
1,334
5,364
137
639
90
406
14
107
151
531
230
935
420
1,447
241
1,0 2 1
15
95
12
47
10
50
14
86
Previous court experience not reported__________
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1
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS, 19 3 7
Total cases_______ ______ __________ ____
Delinquency cases
Percent distribution
Number
Previous court experience, and
sex of child
Total
Commit
ted or
referred
to an
institu
tion
Commit
ted or
referred
to an
agency
or indi
vidual
Resti
tution,
fine, or
costs
ordered
Other
dis
posi
tion
Total
Dis
missed,
Super
adjusted,
vised by
or held
proba
open
tion
without
officer
further
action
Commit
ted or
referred
to an
institu
tion
Commit
ted or
referred
to an
agency
or indi
vidual
Resti
tution,
fine, or
costs
ordered
Other
dis
posi
tion
45,683
21,575
13,331
5,441
2,461
777
2,098
38,985
18,997
11,535
4,256
1,844
741
1,612
Previous court experience reported - - - - 38,983
18,996
11,535
4,255
1,844
741
1,612
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
13,918
25,065
5,358
13,638
4,153
7,382
2,813
1,442
967
877
147
594
480
1,132
36
64
28
72
36
64
66
34
52
48
20
80
30
70
1
Previous court experience not reported-
Previous court experience reported------
1
6,698
2,578
1,796
1,185
617
36
486
6,698
2,578
1,796
1,185
617
36
486
100
100
100
100
100
(0
100
1,334
5i 364
382
2,196
336
1,460
406
779
156
461
6
30
48
438
20
80
15
85
19
81
34
66
25
75
(0
(>)
10
90
JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
Dis
missed,
Super
adjusted,
vised by
or held
proba
open
tion
without
officer
further
action
Previous court experience not reported.
i Percentages not computed because of small total number of cases.
00
CO
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40
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS,
19 3 7
SUMMARY
Data on the number of delinquency cases dealt with by juvenile
courts must be interpreted carefully when used to indicate the extent
and volume of juvenile delinquency. Data concerning the delin
quency cases disposed of by the courts during 1937 have been analyzed
in part I of the present report.
The increase in the number of delinquency cases in 1937 as com
pared with 1936 followed decreases that had occurred each year since
1930. This increase amounted to 11 percent in the area served by
the 28 courts that have reported each year since 1929 and to 9 percent
in the area served by 336 courts that reported in both 1936 and 1937.
The variation between 1936 and 1937, like other variations from year
to year in the number of cases reported, may have resulted from
changes in administrative procedures of courts, changes in policies of
agencies in referring cases to courts, and changes in the relationship
of courts to other agencies in the communities, as well as from changes
in the amount of juvenile delinquency. The analysis of 1937 cases
has indicated, however, that the sex, race, and age distribution and
the social characteristics of the children dealt with by the courts dur
ing 1937 varied little from the distributions noted in previous years.
The data reported by the courts for delinquency cases disposed of
during 1937 revealed the following:
Boys were involved in 85 percent and girls in 15 percent
of the cases.
More than three-fourths (78 percent) of the cases were of
white children and slightly less than one-fourth (22
percent) were of Negro children.
M ost of the children (41 percent) were between the ages of
14 and 16; although the girls were somewhat older on the
average than the boys.
Stealing was the reason for referral in 53 percent of the
boys’ cases, and running away, being ungovernable, and
sex offenses were the reasons for referral in 65 percent of
the girls’ cases.
The police were the primary source of reference of cases to
the juvenile courts; 69 percent of all cases were referred
by this source.
In 42 percent of the cases dealt with in 1937 the children
were detained overnight or longer pending the hearing or
disposition of their cases.
The disposition _of the children’s cases most frequently
made was ^“ dismissed, adjusted, or held open without
further action” (47 percent), and supervision by proba
tion officer was next in frequency (29 percent).
In slightly more than one-third of the cases the children
had been before the courts previously in 1937 or in
earlier years.
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Appendix A.—Trend Tables, Juvenile-Court Statistics,
1929-37
T a b l e A l.— Race, nativity, and parent nativity in boys’ and girls’ delinquency cases
disposed o f by 28 courts, 1929-37 1
Delinquency cases
Race, nativity, parent nativity, and sex of child
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
Total cases___________
36,902
37,570
36,221
32,955
32,723
32,179
30,554
27,849
31,038
Boys’ cases__________
30, 625
31,480
30,664
28,106
28,127
27,296
25,905
23,527
26,403
White.....................................
24,633
26,010
25,036
22,559
22,252
21,154
19,117
17,393
19,381
____________
21,372
21,686
22,053
21,419
21,109
20,265
18,453
16,717
18, 753
Native parentage...
Foreign or mixed
parentage________
Parentage not reported___________
8,740
8,973
9,980
10,332
9,883
10,209
10,233
9,964
11,921
11,304
11,304
11,035
10,267
9,996
9,335
7,741
6,473
6,592
1,328
1,409
1,038
820
1,230
721
479
280
240
Foreign-born_______ . . .
Nativity not reported-_
524
2,737
521
3,803
446
2,537
375
765
456
687
418
471
436
228
334
342
286
342
Negro______________________
Other race
.
.
Race not reported________ _
4,953
16
1,023
5,428
35
7
5,587
26
15
5,510
35
2
5,847
28
6,107
35
6,765
23
6,096
38
6,982
40
4,635
Native..
Girls’ c a s e s ................
6,277
6,090
5,557
4,849
4,596
4,883
4,649
4,322
W h ite ....................................
4,856
4,703
4,208
3,626
3,392
3,563
3,328
3,170
3,294
N ative________________
4,459
4,363
3,856
3,534
3,297
3,471
3,248
3,060
3,167
Native parentage__
Foreign or mixed
parentage________
Parentage not reported...
_____
2,653
2,498
2,245
2,072
1,946
2,043
2,141
2,165
2,260
1,790
1,738
1,540
1,349
1,20 0
1,268
1,003
825
854
36
127
71
113
151
160
104
70
53
Foreign-born___________
Nativity not reported..
132
265
107
233
71
261
69
23
72
23
72
20
75
5
80
30
49
78
Negro__________ __________
Other race ____________ . . .
Race not reported__________
1,304
11
106
1,370
17
1,338
10
1
1,217
6
1,199
5
1,309
11
1,313
8
1,144
8
1,333
8
1 Includes only official cases for Franklin County, Ohio, and Pierce County, Wash., because these courts
did not report unofficial cases every year.
41
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42
T
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS,
able
19 3 7
A 2.— Age o f boys and girls when referred to court in delinquency cases disposed
o f by 28 courts, 1929-37 1
Delinquency cases
Age of child when referred
to court, and sex of child
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
Total cases___________
36,902
37,570
36,221
32,955
32,723
32,179
30,554
27,849
31,038
Boys’ cases _______
30,625
31,480
30,664
28,106
28,127
27,296
25,905
23, 527
26,403
2,071
3,877
7,963
12,680
3,807
227
2,038
3,961
7,891
12,984
4,257
349
1,659
3,746
7,291
12,818
4,353
797
1, 601
3,470
6,793
11, 443
4,249
550
1,600
3,395
7,024
11, 507
4,250
351
1,373
3,154
6,630
11,945
4,095
99
1,342
3,273
6,204
11,186
3,838
62
1,090
2,814
5,376
10, 263
3", 945
39
1,14fi
2,916
6,164
11,329
4,792
56
6,277
6,090
5,557
4,849
4,596
4,883
4,649
4,322
4,635
198
356
1,192
3,104
1,355
72
187
317
1,075
3,034
1,444
33
172
295
918
2,724
1,330
118
189
279
780
2,354
1,186
61
178
269
800
2,217
1,117
15
209
306
913
2,420
1,018
17
132
249
832
2,343
1,091
2
129
229
751
2,137
1,076
828
Under 10 years________ _.
10 years, under 12 . . . ______
12 years, under 14________
14 years, under 16_________
16 years and o v e r _________
Age not reported______ .
Girls’ cases
____
Under 10 years_____________
10 years, tinder 12______ . . .
12 years, under 14__________
14 years, under 16 _ _______
16 years and over__________
Age not reported___________
5
■includes only official cases for Franklin County, Ohio, and Pierce County, Wash., because these courts
did not report unofficial cases every year.
T a b l e A3 .— Reason for reference to court in boys’ and girls’ delinquency cases disposed
of by 28 courts, 1929-37 1
Delinquency cases
Reason for reference to
court, and sex of child
1929
1930
1931
Total cases.
36,902
37, 570
36,221
Boys’ cases.
30,625
31,480
30,664
12, 452
12,964
13,329
9.088
2,386
2 ,0 11
2,276
467
821
9,574
2,309
2,002
2,070
527
774
9,161
1,689
2,200
1,968
437
757
198
806
143
1,10 0
198
837
Stealing___________________
Act of carelessness of mis
chief and traffic violation
Truancy_______ _________...
Running away____________
Being ungovernable_______
Sex offense____________ ____
Injury to person___________
Use, possession, or sale of
liquor or drugs___________
Other reason_______________
Reason for reference not re
ported___________________
Girls’ cases
Stealing___________________
Act of carelessness or mis
chief and traffic violation..
Truancy...________________
Running away_____________
Being ungovernable_______
Sex offense_________________
Injury to person___________
Use, possession, or sale of
liquor or drugs___________
Other reason_________ _____
Reason for reference not re
ported___________________
1932
1933
1934
32,955
32, 723
28,106
28,127
11,450
9,727
1,357
1,985
1,690
393
720
140
578
1935
1936
32,179
30,554
27,849
31,038
27,296
25,905
23,527
26,403
10,997
12,242
11,927
11,137
13,170
9,691
1,432
1,796
1,735
429
702
8,036
1,364
1,983
1,901
407
635
7,655
1,023
1,706
1,902
411
672
6,724
1,165
1,354
1,480
465
594
7,192
t' 383
1,278
1,481
598
593
131
1,020
128
433
106
382
114
367
97
489
1937
120
17
88
66
194
167
12 1
127
122
6,277
6,090
5,557
4,849
4,596
4,883
4,649
4,322
4,635
676
730
682
505
481
526
504
446
434
489
676
1,094
1,793
1,147
155
540
699
1,046
1,622
1,219
127
560
506
979
1,528
1,053
93
498
454
883
1,333
887
117
464
514
749
1,369
727
147
512
507
983
1,351
718
98
493
473
889
1,332
634
128
344
440
786
1,283
715
103
348
480
914
1,285
774
107
55
119
47
49
63
56
53
68
35
63
30
58
52
46
32
41
41
151
73
11
37
51
47
100
98
132
101
■Includes only official cases for Franklin County, Ohio, aad Pierce County, Wash., because these courts
did not report unofficial cases every year.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
43
TREND TABLES, JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T a b l e A 4 . — Source of reference to court in delinquency cases disposed of by 28
courts1 1929—87 1
Delinquency cases
Source of reference to court
1929
Total cases
. _____ -
Police, ___ _____________
School department_________
Probation officer _ ______
Other court_________ ______
Social agency______________
Parents or relatives. . .
Individual_________ _______
Other source_____________ .
Source of reference not reported_________ _________
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
36,902
37, 570
36,221
32,955
32,723
32,179
30, 554
27,849
31,038
21,145
3,402
1,555
(»)
779
3,694
5,786
502
22,666
3,705
1,318
298
647
3,630
5,133
157
22,790
2,444
1,074
300
493
3,596
5,263
146
20,981
2,061
869
360
425
3,105
5,029
77
20,062
2,774
972
475
631
2,825
4,841
122
19,054
2,240
864
869
768
3,067
5,196
109
18,098
1,809
680
983
630
3,116
5,143
90
16, 609
1,864
712
687
562
2,746
4,553
111
18,593
1, 668
916
768
482
2,294
4,228
118
39
16
115
48
21
12
5
5
1,971
1 Includes only official cases for Franklin County, Ohio, and Pierce County, Wash., because these courts
did not report unofficial cases every year.
2 Cases referred by other court are included with the classification “ Other source” for the year 1929.
T a b l e A 5. — Place of detention care of boys and girls dealt with in delinquency cases
disposed of by 28 courts, 1929—87 1
Delinquency cases
child
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
Total cases___ _________________ 36,902 37,570 36,221 32,955 32,723 32,179 30,554 27,849 31,038
Boys’ cases____________________ 30,625 31,480 30,664 28,106 28,127 27,296 25,905 23,527 26,403
16,242 16,402 18, 591 17,033 17,398 16,052 15,729 14,802 15,192
No detention care____ ____________
Detention care overnight or longer___ 14,184 10,985 10,800 10,246 10,265 10,909 10,056 8,714 9,648
Boarding home or other family
96
home________________ ________
Detention home2________________ 8,798
Other institution_________________ 3,857
Jail or police station 3.-_ _______ 1,109
324
41
6,197
3,680
1,064
2
1
46
6,605
3,293
847
8
1
199
4,093
Girls’ cases____________________
No detention care____________________
Detention care overnight or longer___
Detention care not reported__________
Boarding home or other family
home,. _____ __________________
Detention home 2_____ ______ ___
Other institution___ _____________
Jail or police station 3____________
Detention care not reported__________
232
6,276
3,042
693
3
312
6,636
2,681
632
4
444
6, 585
3,209
671
443
6,109
2,839
622
1,273
827
464
335
120
11
1,563
6,277
6,090
5,557
4,849
4,596
4,883
4,649
4,322
4,635
2,918
3,306
2,903
2,961
2,641
2,622
2,311
2,376
2,359
2,179
2,434
2,383
2,408
2 ,2 2 1
2,407
1,913
2,154
2,036
71
1,839
1,10 2
99
195
66
1,805
994
61
35
60
1,696
777
54
34
1
77
1,469
770
57
3
92
1,223
828
35
98
1,394
866
23
82
1,356
444
26
5
1
2
106
1,467
606
35
2
5
89
1,383
527
35
1
1
53
226
294
162
58
66
20
2
445
372
5,925
1,774
642
1
43
348
6,433
2,235
623
3
6
1 Includes only official cases for Franklin County, Ohio, and Pierce County, Wash., because these courts
did not report unofficial cases every year.
2 Includes cases of children cared for part of the time in detention homes and part of the time elsewhere
but excludes cases of children also held in jails or police stations.
3 Includes a few cases of children cared for part of the time in jails or police stations and part of the time
elsewhere.
* Includes a few cases of children held in more than 1 place of care but in places other than detention
homes, jails, or police stations.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
44
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS,
193 7
T a b l e A 6.— Disposition of boys’ and girls’ delinquency cases dealt with by 28 courts
1929-87 1
Delinquency cases
Disposition of case, and sex of child
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
Total cases____________________
36,902 37, 570 36,221 32,955 32,723 32,179 30,554 27,849 31,038
Boys’ cases____________________ 30, 625 31,480 30,664 28,106 28,127 27,296 25,905 23,527
26,403
Dismissed, adjusted, or held open
without further action_____________ 14,293 15, 785 15,230 14,710 15,522 13,649 12,606 11,292
12,758
Child supervised by probation officer. 9,205 8,713 8,843 7,842 7,516 8,135 8,067 7,308 7,831
Child committed or referred to an
institution_________________________ 2,998 3,071 2,888 2,465 2,332 2,740 2,681 2,541
2,706
Child committed or referred to an
agency or individual_______________ 1,128 1 ,2 1 1
1,115 1,061 1,070 1,069
989
910 1,319
Restitution, fine, or costs ordered____ 1,824 1,601 1,087
692
484
380
334
348
' 463
Other disposition of case_____________ 1,174 1,096 1,490 1,335 1,203 1,315 1,227 1,128
1,325
Disposition not reported_____________
3
3
11
1
1
1
8
Girls’ cases____________________
Dismissed, adjusted, or held open
without further action_____________
Child supervised by probation officer.
Child committed or referred to an
institution______ «_________________
Child committed or referred to an
agency or i n d i v i d u a l . . . . ______
Restitution, fine, or costs ordered____
Other disposition of case_____________
Disposition not reported_____________
6,277
6,090
5,557
4,849
4,596
4,883
4,649
4,322
4,635
2,254
1,873
2,304
1,806
2,170
1,580
1,830
1,496
1,901
1,329
1,914
1,318
1,803
1,265
1,600
1,180
1,686
1,287
1,190
1,135
1,030
841
765
823
812
820
807
568
46
340
6
438
39
365
3
418
28
330
1
382
29
270
1
337
14
250
527
22
278
1
472
6
291
404
13
305
471
25
359
•includes only official cases for Franklin County, Ohio, and Pierce County, Wash., because these courts
did not report unofficial cases every year.
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Appendix B.— Source Tables, Juvenile-Court Statistics, 1937
T
B l .— Number o f boys’ and girls’ delinquency, dependency and neglect, and
special-proceedings cases disposed of by courts in 8 States, 87 courts that served
specified areas with 100,000 or more population, and 375 courts that served areas
with less than 100,000 population in 1937 1
able
Delinquency cases
Dependency and
neglect cases
Special-proceed
ings cases
Area served by court
Total
Boys
Total cases reported for certain States 2___ 35,360 30,198
Connecticut______________- . . . ___
Indiana_____ ...____________ I-------M assachusetts___________________
Michigan______________ _________Missouri._____________________ ___
New York_______________________
Rhode Island____________________
Utah____________________________
4,020
3, 753
5,445
5,455
3,362
10,303
576
2,446
3,579
2,785
4,948
4,720
2,666
8,899
504
2,097
Total
Boys
Girls
5,162 810,213
Girls
441
968
497
735
696
1,404
72
349
Total Boys Girls
4,346
4,127
387
147
240
1,366
199
758
77
608
122
75
42
33
731
1,740
5,962
349
(4)
3,054
382
(4)
2,908
312
105
207
215
108
107
Total cases reported for all areas________ 78,688 66,589 12,099 3 23,546 10,886 10,232 31,301
with 100,000 or more popula
tion _____ ____ —___________________
400
607
387
527
A reas
Alabama: Mobile County (Mobile)___
Arkansas: Pulaski County (Little
Rock)______________________._______
California:
Los Angeles County (Los Angeles) _ .
San Diego County (San Diego)____
San Francisco (city and county)____
Connecticut:
Fairfield County (Bridgeport)_____
Hartford (city)_____________________
New Haven (city)_________________
District of Columbia (Washington)___
Florida: Dade County (Miami)______
Georgia: Fulton County (Atlanta)___
Indiana:
Allen County (Fort Wayne)_______
Lake County (Gary)_______________
Marion County (Indianapolis)_____
St. Joseph County (South Bend)___
Vanderburgh County (Evansville)
Iowa:
Polk County (Des Moines)________
Woodbury County (Sioux City)___
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish (Shreveport)________
Orleans Parish (New Orleans)_____
Maryland: Baltimore (city)__________
Massachusetts:
Boston:
Boston (central section)__________
Brighton------ --------------------. ---------Charlestown-------------- -----------------Dorcester------------------------------------East Boston__________ ___________
Roxbury._______________ ________
South Boston__________________
West Roxbury___________________
Central district of Worcester (Wor
cester) __________________________ ¡4
East Norfolk district (Quincy)_____
First district of eastern Middlesex
(Medford)..................................... .
Lawrence district (Lawrence)______
Lowell district (Lowell)____________
Second district of Bristol (Fall
River)-----------------------------------------Somerville district (Somerville)------Southern Essex district (Lynn)____
Springfield district (Springfield)___
64,723 55,003
125
9,720 318,709
8,776
59
20
107
18
8,223 31,208
39
767
546
221
508
2,668
1,758
795
2,139
1,471
634
529
287
161
1,315
545
402
756
278
201
559
267
201
1,208
620
197
1,431
604
1,250
1,116
546
185
1, 271
514
1,073
92
74
12
160
90
177
553
210
106
308
415
421
300
130
61
176
223
194
253
80
45
132
192
227
114
235
1,082
479
2 11
58
180
907
348
157
56
55
175
131
54
199
77
122
674
873
535
697
139
176
306
536.
349
799
2,518
259
693
2,287
90
106
231
188
195
511
41
52
208
263
394
164
108
421
40
48
186
254
351
146
101
90
1
4
22
9
43
18
7
330
162
289
151
41
11
229
116
155
214
103
139
15
13
16
198
83
126
192
179
78
120
174
19
5
6
18
(*)
m
(<)
78
102
(4)
(4)
(4)
110
93
13
7
6
75
42
33
149
(4)
(4)
145
(4)
(4)
' Population according to 1930 census.
8 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
8 Includes some cases for courts that did not report boys’ and girls’ cases separately.
1 Not separately reported.
176986°—40----- 4
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
45
46
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS, 19 3 7
B l .— Number of boys’ and girls’ delinquency, dependency and neglect, and
special-proceedings cases disposed of by courts in 8 States, 87 courts that served
specified areas with 100,000 or more population, and 875 courts that served areas
with less than 100,000 population in 1937— Continued
T able
Delinquency cases
Area served by court
Total
Boys
Girls
Dependency and
neglect cases
Total
Boys
Special-proceed
ings cases
Girls Tota Boys
Girls
A reas
w ith 100,000 or more popula tion — Continued.
Massachusetts— Continued.
Third district of Bristol (New Bedford)______________________
193
179
14
Third district of eastern Middlesex
(Cambridge)-....................... ..........
230
206
24
Michigan:
Genesee County (Flint)___________
534
429
105
Ingham County (Lansing)_________
64
54
10
Kent County (Grand Rapids)521
459
62
235
Oakland County (Pontiac)________
305
240
65
Saginaw County (Saginaw)______
220
190
30
Wayne County (Detroit). ________ 2,307 2,112
195
496
Minnesota:
Hennepin County (Minneapolis)... 1,256 1,073
183
Ramsey County (St. Paul)_______
462
391
144
71
Missouri: Jackson County (Kansas
City)----------------------------------------------- 1, 316 1,003
313 1,022
New Jersey: Hudson County (Jersey
City)----------------------------------------------533
455
78
New York:
Albany County (Albany)________ .
456
360
268
96
Broome County (Binghamton).. . .
164
135
243
29
Chautauqua County (Jamestown)
188
167
121
21
Dutchess County (Poughkeepsie)._.
87
66
21
377
Erie County (Buffalo)_____________
985
889
96
269
Monroe County (Rochester)______
198
172
115
26
Nassau County (Hempstead)___
169
142
181
27
New York (city)________________
4,758 4,193
565
Niagara County (Niagara F alls)...
203
183
20
73
Oneida County ( U t i c a ) ..._______
255
2 11
44
174
Onondaga County (Syracuse)
___
474
403
166
71
Orange County (Newburgh)_______
44
41
3
169
Rensselaer County (Troy)
______
207
159
94
48
Schenectady County (Schenectady).
166
148
18
177
Suffolk County (Patchogue)_______
94
90
4
80
Westchester Countv (Yonkers1
351
292
59
286
OhioFranklin County (Columbus)____
1,299 1,051
248
Hamilton County (Cincinnati)__
3,160 2,556
604 1,923
Lucas County (Toledo)_____ ______
860
691
169
Mahoning County (Youngstown)... 1,969 1,536
433
216
Montgomery County (Dayton). .
1,018
839
179
396
Trumbull County (Warren) ___ __
482
423
59
126
Oklahoma:
Tulsa (c ity )...................................
162
111
51
Tulsa County (exclusive of Tulsa
city)--------------------------------------------64
47
17
136
Oregon: Multnomah County (Portland)_______________
672
556
116
677
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County (Pittsburgh)____ 1,312 1,123
189
566
Berks County (Reading)__________
115
106
9
71
Montgomery County (Norristown).
103
94
72
9
Philadelphia (city and county).. . . 5,332 4,693
639 2,426
Rhode Island: Sixth district (Providence)________________
235
2 11
24
South Carolina: Greenville County
(Greenville) ______
219
186
33
114
Tennessee: Memphis (city) .
1,601 1,315
286
Utah: Third district (Salt Lake City). 1,073
959
114
62
Virginia: Norfolk (city)_______ ^
622
537
85
92
Washington:
Pierce County (Tacoma). .
227
158
69
Spokane County (Spokane)
538
434
104
164
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County (Milwaukee)______________
4,831 4,218
712
613
A reas w ith less than 100,000 popula tion ............... ........................
3,965 11,586 2,379 »4,837
50,000, less than 100,000___________1
5,388 4,475
913 1,667
Less than 5 0 ,0 0 0 ......... .........
4,899 4,313
586 2,452
Population group not reported_______ 1 3,678 1 2,798
880
718
See footnotes 3 and 4, p. 45.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
96
139
253
243
(4)
(4)
523
499
139
106
52
206
153
55
95
129
137
69
171
116
60
86
20
5
4
5
36
51
97
83
87
42
97
41
128
22
77
83
82
52
80
39
158
7
7
58
83
1,0 20
903
12
(4)
2 11
65
(4)
185
61
7
14
3
65
71
21
370
307
116
287
33
37
1,223
279
38
35
1,203
356
51
63
3
33
40
29
52
44
39
56
60
79
85
362
350
48
23
25
2 ,110
831
1, 279
(4)
2,009
93
39
54
13
7
6
80
836
1,173
(4)
23
47
SOURCE TABLES, JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T
B 2.— Number of delinquency, dependency and neglect, and special-proceed
ings cases disposed of by 375 courts that served areas with less than 100,000 popu
lation in 1937 1
able
Area served by court
Total__________
,
De
Delin pend
quen ency
and
cy
cases neglect
cases
13,965 4,837
Connecticut:
Ansonia (city)_______
Berlin (town)________
Bloomfield (town)_______
3
Branford (town)_________
2
Bristol (city)__ ________
34
Derby (city)_____________
82
East Hartford (town)____
85
East Haven (town)______
9
Enfield (town)___________
59
Farmington (borough)___
Glastonbury (town)_____
3
Griswold (town)________
2
Groton (town)___________
2
Hamden (town)_____ . . .
5
Litchfield (town)________
Manchester (town)______
Meriden (city)__________
45
Middletown ( c i t y ) --.___
5
Milford (town)__________
69
Naugatuck (borough)____
8
New Britain (city)____ __
383
New London (city)_____
70
New Milford (town)_____
4
Niantic (borough)_______
Norwich (city)___________
119
Orange (town)....................
5
Plainville (town)________
Rockville (city)__________
Rocky Hill (town)_______
12
Southington (town)_____ _
South Windsor (town)__
3
Stafford Springs (borough)
1
Stonington (town)_______
24
Suffield (town)____ ______
Torrington (city)________
39
Unionville (borough)___
Wallingford (town)______
22
Waterbury (city)_____ __
385
Waterford (town)________
West Hartford (town)___
150
West Haven (town)_____
185
Wethersfield (town)_____
27
Winchester (town)______
41
Windham C o u n ty ._____
106
Windsor (town)_________
4
Windsor Locks (town)___
2
Wolcott (town)__________
I l l i n o i s : R ock Isla n d
County________________
4
Indiana: 52 courts (not
separately reported)
1,632
Iowa: Johnson County
80
Massachusetts: 54 courts
(not separately reported). 1,690
Michigan:
Alger County____________
14
Alpena C o u n ty_________
40
Baraga County______ . . .
21
Barry County_________
22
Bay County.. ............... .
94
Benzie County____ ______
8
Berrien County____ ______
122
Cheboygan County_____
9
Chippewa County_______
50
Clare County____________
17
Clinton County__________
14
Crawford County________
2
Delta County _________
26
1 Population according to 1930 census.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Specialproceedings
cases
93
Area served by court
Michigan— C ontinued.
Eaton C o u n ty ...'______
Emmett County
1
38
21
10
4
5
1
7
24
44
6
30
36
1
15
1
11
3
Gratiot County _ .
Hillsdale County..
Houghton County..
Huron County...".
Ionia County'___
Iron County ._
______
Jackson County___
Kalamazoo County. .
Kalkaska County.___
Leelanau County.
Livingston County____
Mackinac County.. .
Manistee County_____
Mecosta C ounty________
Menominee County__ .
Missaukee County'_____
Montcalm County___
Montmorency County___
Muskegon County___
Newago County________
Oceana County . . .
Osceola County ..
Ottawa County...
Presque Isle County____
Roscommon County..
St. Clair County _'
St. Joseph County_______
Sanilac County.
Schoolcroft County______
Shiawassee County_____
Van Buren County..
15
48
3
2
3
168
1
De
SpeDelin pend cialquen ency
proand
cy
ceedcases neglect ings
cases cases
New York:
Allegany County______ _
Cayuga'County'.____
Chemung County_______
Chenango County.
Essex County.
Fulton County.. _______
20
Hamilton County_______
19
Lewis County.. . .
____
Ontario County’. ________
Schuyler County___
Tioga County. T
Tompkins County___
16
7
31
15
9
4
11
14
41
168
40
6
4
5
10
26
5
82
1
2
225
9
34
14
17
4
3
88
9
8
11
52
21
68
2,046
718
17
40
151
32
28
86
17
18
44
36
33
7
4
141
115
17
28
79
s
106
25
12
37
61
29
5
10
19
22
18
36
87
86
60
112
82
182
74
170
3
29
5
11
I7fi
102
60
112
2
9
i
98
15
65
63
61
27
288
i
48
T
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS,
B 2.— Number o f delinquency, dependency and neglect, and special-proceed
ings cases disposed of by 875 courts that served areas with less than 100,000 popu
lation in 1987— Continued
able
Area served by court
De
Delin pend
quen ency
and
cy
cases neglect
cases
New York—Continued.
Ulster County. __________
Warren County__________
Washington County___ __
Wayne County__________
Yates CountyI__________
North Carolina: Buncombe
C ounty...
. . . ___ _
Ohio:
51
122
20
8
22
62
129
85
9
24
86
87
499
124
Lake County
Rhode Island:'
S e c o n d d istrict.
Third district____________
Fourth district
Fifth district
Seventh district
T
19 3 7
Specialproceedings
cases
De
SpeDelin pend cialquen ency
proand
cy
ceedcases neglect ings
cases cases
Area served by court
3
5
3
46
78
26
4
4
46
7
51
Rhode Island—Continued.
Eighth district— . . . . .
Ninth district
Tenth district. ____ •____
Eleventh district_________
Twelfth district____ . . .
Texas: Wichita C ounty___
Utah:
First district_________ . .
Second district___________
Fourth district__
Fifth district
Sixth district.
Seventh district........... .
Eighth district___ . . . . .
Virginia: Danville (citv)___
Wisconsin: Kenosha County---------------------------------
78
3
71
26
26
561
2
194
479
293
153
123
109
22
492
12
87
18
2
23
10
1
34
47
9
B3.— Race, nativity, and parent nativity o f boys dealt with in delinquency
cases disposed of by the courts in 8 States, 87 courts that served specified areas
with 100,000 or more population, and 875 courts that served areas with less than
100,000 population in 1987 1
able
Boys’ delinquency cases
White
Area served by court
Total
Na
Na
tive,
Na
tive,
for
tive,
par
eign,
For
ent
Total native
or
eign
par
age
mixed
bom
ent
not
par
age
re
ent
ported
age
Total cases reported for certain
States2 ___________________ 30,198 22,030
Connecticut_____________
Indiana_________________
Massachusetts.. _____ _
M ic h ig a n ...___________
Missouri______ ________
New York ____ ________
Rhode Island___ ____. . .
Utah_____________
3,579
2,785
4; 948
4,720
2,666
8| 899
' 504
2,097
3, 374
2,378
5,079
151
613
1,132
893
177
6
1
284 10,022
17
1
1,084
1,005
92
80
1,802
2,796
49
Ï75
1,863
208
3
11
Total cases reported for all areas. 66,589 48,888 23,081 11,393
A
r e a s
w it h
1 0 0 ,0 0 0
p o p u l a t io n
o r
3,921
2,235
7,555
'482
2,085
6,494
Race
Nativ Negro Other not
race
re
ity
ported
not re
ported
1,845
1, 067
1,660
2,235
2,733
'482
2,985
68
199
405
3
2
5,115
3
4,948
158
621
402
1,329
22
7
20
23
15
1,071
556 12,787 12,464
122
5,115
1,071
553
82
3,379
0
5
m o r e
............. ............
55,003 39, 741 21,627 11,338
Alabama: Mobile County___
107
Arkansas: Pulaski County..
546
California:
Los Angeles County. ___
2,139
San Diego County________ 1,471
San Francisco (city and
county). _______________
634
5,152 11,801
57
381
55
1
1
381
50
165
1,971
1,429
1,074
1,094
607
298
171
3
64
30
55
4
168
25
605
283
202
80
18
22
14
17
15
1 Population according to 1930 census.
2 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
49
SOURCE TABLES, JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T
B3.— Race, nativity, and parent nativity of boys dealt with in delinquency
cases disposed of by the courts in 8 States, 87 courts that served specific areas
with 100,000 or more population, and 875 courts that served areas with less than
100,000 population in 1937-—Continued
able
Boys’ delinquency eases
White
Area served by court
Total
Na
Na
tive,
Na
tive,
for
tive,
par
eign
For
ent
Total native
or
eign
par
age
born
mixed
ent
not
par
re
age
ent ported
age
Race
Other
Nativ Negro race not
re
ity
ported
not re
ported
A B E A S W IT H 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 O B M O BE
p o p u l a t io n
—
Continued.
Connecticut:
1 ,1 1 6
546
185
1 ,0 5 9
470
438
175
610
283
5
1
6
11
158
57
73
158
1 ,2 7 1
514
436
347
410
304
1 ,0 7 3
426
425
23
2
1
3
37
3
1
3
27
835
167
647
Indiana:
58
Iowa:
Polk County...
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish. ________
Orleans Parish___ _______
Maryland: Baltimore (city)..
Massachusetts:
Boston:
Boston (central section) __
Brighton_________ _. _.
Dorchester___ . . . ______
East Boston_________
Roxbury________ _______
South Boston________
West Roxbury. _ ______
Central district of Wor
cester____ ________ __
East Norfolk district___
First district of eastern
53
3
2
79
630
78
3
23
274
235
135
93
136
535
480
169
18
697
690
259
693
153
2 ,2 8 7
180
56
157
907
633
348
157
330
i
1
5
1
18
21
288
55
690
7
28
106
470
2
223
151
174
16
4
1
1 ,2 9 9
983
249
58
9
988
421
421
40
40
48
186
254
186
254
48
351
351
146
146
101
101
289
151
289
151
214
214
103
103
139
139
179
78
179
Somerville district. _
Third district
78
120
174
120
174
179
179
of eastern
206
206
Michigan:
Kent County. I ___
Saginaw County . .
Wayne County.____
Minnesota:
Missouri: Jackson C ounty...
New Jersey: Hudson County.
New York:
DutchessCountv.................
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
429
54
406
44
459
446
224
22
1
6
11
4
4
176
16
14
17
499
406
44
244
200
112
82
23
4
1
240
190
2 ,1 1 2
176
1 ,6 1 2
640
870
10
75
1 ,0 7 3
1 ,0 5 6
774
273
6
' 391
1 ,0 0 3
455
356
728
432
249
101
2
3
4
130
279
7
15
360
135
167
66
65
2
1
17
35
728
1
260
23
349
132
349
11
132
3
161
161
65
6
1
15
50
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 19 3 7
T a b l e B3.— Race, nativity, and parent nativity o f boys dealt with in delinquency
cases disposed of by the courts in 8 States, 87 courts that served1specified areas with
100,000 or more population, and 375 courts that served areas with less thanl00,000
population in 1937— Continued
Boys’ delinquency eases
White
Area served by court
Total
w ith 100,000 or more
population — Continued.
New York— Continued.
Erie County_____________
Monroe County___________
Nassau County________
New York (city)
Niagara County___________
Oneida County............ .........
Onondaga County________
Orange County___________
Rensselaer County. _____
Schenectady County
Suffolk County___________
Westchester County._____
Ohio:
Franklin County _______
Hamilton C ounty________
Lucas C o u n ty __ ________
Mahoning County___ ____
Montgomery County_____
Trumbull County_____
Oklahoma:
Tulsa (city)_______________
Tulsa County (exclusive of
Tulsa city)____________
Oregon: Multnomah County
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County________
Berks C ounty____________
Montgomery County_____
Philadelphia (city and
county)________________
Rhode Island: Sixth District
South Carolina: Greenville
County_______ ____ ______
Tennessee: Memphis (city)..
Utah: Third district_______
. Virginia: Norfolk (city)_____
Washington:
Pierce County____________
Spokane C o u n ty______ j__
Wisconsin: M i l w a u k e e
County_____ _____________
Na
Na
Na
tive,
tive,
tive,
for
par
native eign
ent
Total
paror
age
ent- mixed not
entpar
re
age
ent ported
age
Race
N ativ Negro Other not
For
ity
race
re
eign not re
ported
born ported
A re as
889
172
142
4,193
183
211
.403
41
159
148
90
292
772
166
123
3,122
' 179
211
395
41
152
148
87
228
82
124
14
8
1,051
2,556
691
1,536
839
423
678
1,539
625
1,188
696
384
611
1, 530
497
459
676
59
6
77
725
19
1
36
8
2
4
4
111
73
70
2
1
47
556
42
547
36
427
78
6
24
5
13
1,123
106
94
911
98
79
370
50
47
485
47
31
42
9
1
5
4,693
2 11
2,748
202
1,498
1,192
16
28
14
202
186
1,315
959
537
96
839
949
189
96
829
784
181
6
154
7
2
3
1
8
1
1
158
434
153
431
151
362
2
65
3
4, 218
3,967
2,047
1,408
445
A re as w ith less than 100,000
POPULATION____________
11, 586
50,000, less than 100,000..___
Less than 50,000___________
Population group not reported __________________
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
319
75
424
88
15
14
3
1,022
1,930
15
142
187
117
195
5
123
13
179
211
8
6
19
4
3
7
41
7
35
148
87
1
11
384
3
64
373
1,016
66
348
143
39
1
38
5
5
g
15
1
4
1
1 945
9
90
476
7
348
3
5
61
1
3
6
250
1
9,147
1,454
55
3
7,635
663
40
1,736
4,475
4,313
3,512
3, 062
945
509
40
15
2
1
2, 525
2,537
211
243
17
991
2,798
2,573
2,573
209
10
6
SOURCE TABLES, JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T
5 1
B4 — Race, nativity, and parent nativity of girls dealt with in delinquency
cases disposed of by the courts in 8 States, 87 courts that served specified areas with
100,000 or more population, and 375 courts that served areas with less than 100 OOO
population m 1937 1
able
Girls’ delinquency cases
White
Area served by court
Total
Total cases reported for certain
States 2_________________
Na
Na
Na
tive,
tive,
tive, foreign parent
Total native
or
age
parent mixed
not
age parent report
age
ed
Race
Na
Other not
re
For tivity Negro race
port
eign
not
ed
born report
ed
5,162
3,991
1,127
541
34
42
2,247
596
15
560
441
968
497
735
696
1,404
72
349
372
852
36
329
91
48
2
1
2
241
474
67
116
587
619
1, 149
66
346
159
70
24
5
288
35
300
44
2
329
619
518
66
80
9
75 ----- 251
4
6
1
2
59
303
Total cases reported for all areas- 12,099
9,242
4,495
1, 501
257
79
2,910
2,273
24
560
A r e a s w i t h 100,000
POPULATION______
9,720
7,207
4,196
1,481
256
79
1,195
2,122
15
376
18
221
11
187
11
187
7
34
529
287
491
277
284
234
161
150
92
74
12
160
90
177
77
Connecticut_____
Indiana_________
Massachusetts........
Michigan___
Missouri_____ __
New York_____ ____
Rhode Island________
Utah_____________
or
m ore
Alabama: Mobile County___
Arkansas: Pulaski County...
California:
Los Angeles County__
San Diego County___
San Francisco (city and
county)__________
Connecticut:
Fairfield County_____
Hartford (city)________
New Haven (city) _
District of Columbia.-.
Florida: Dade County
Georgia: Fulton County.
Indiana:
Allen County_____
Lake County ___
Marion C o u n ty___
St. Joseph County..
Vanderburgh County
Iowa:
Polk County___
Woodbury County.
Louisiana:
Caddo P a r is h ......
Orleans Parish___
Maryland: Baltimore (city)..
Massachusetts:
Boston:
Boston (central section)..
Brighton______
Charlestown____
Dorchester________
East Boston_____
Roxbury_________
South Boston..
West Roxbury..
Central district of Worces
ter__ . . .
East Norfolk district
First district of eastern
Middlesex...___
139
41
50
57
60
25
54
6
25
66
95
17
19
58
33
2
23
64
95
2
56
55
175
131
54
50
43
120
124
41
46
23
120
99
41
4
20
139
176
122
166
90
106
231
57
38
107
6
2
12
4
2
6
1
1
24
1
43
7
2
56
18
86
11
8
38
6
15
20
6
135
24
82
6
12
55
7
13
1
7
2
70
166
17
10
13
33
68
124
90
90
1
1
4
22
9
43
18
7
22
9
43
18
41
11
41
1
1
15
15
1Population according to 1930 census.
2All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or
more population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
52
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 1 9 3 7
T a b l e B4.— Race, nativity, and parent nativity o f girls dealt with in delinquency
cases disposed o f by the courts in 8 States, 87 courts that served specified areas with
100,000 or more population, and 375 courts that served areas with less than 100,000
population in 1937— Continued
Girls’ delinquency cases
White
Area served by court
Total
AREAS WITH 100,000 OR MORE
population — Continued.
Massachusetts—C ontinued.
Lawrence district_________
Lowell district____________
Second district of Bristol,..
Somerville district . . . . . .
Southern Essex district____
Springfield district________
Third district of Bristol___
Third district of eastern
Middlesex______ . . . ._
Michigan:
Genesee County___________
Ingham County.................. .
Kent County__ ___________
Oakland County.. ________
Saginaw County_________
Wayne County______ _ .
Minnesota:
Hennepin County_________
Ramsey County..................
Missouri:
Jackson County
New Jersey: Hudson County.
New York:
Albany C o u n ty ................
Broome County_______ . . .
Chautauqua County . . . . .
Dutchess County_________
Erie County.. . ________
Monroe County___
___
Nassau County_______ _ _
New York (city)__________
Niagara County___________
Oneida C o u n ty .................
Onondaga County________
Orange County___________
Rensselaer County________
Schenectady County. . . .
Suffolk County___________
Westchester County______
Ohio:
Franklin C ounty_____ . . .
Hamilton County_____ _ _
Lucas County__________ . .
Mahoning County______ _
Montgomery County..........
Trumbull County_________
Oklahoma:
Tulsa (city)_______________
Tulsa County (exclusive of
Tulsa city) ____________
Oregon: Multnomah County.
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County________
Berks County_____________
Montgomery County_____
Philadelphia (city and
county)____________ ____
Rhode Island: Sixth district.
South Carolina: Greenville
County.
___
. — .
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Na
tive,
Total native
parent
age
Race
Na
Na
tive,
tive,
Na
Other not
re
foreign parent For tivity Negro race
port
or
age
eign
not
ed
mixed
not
born report
parent report
ed
age
ed
13
16
19
5
6
18
14
13
16
19
5
6
18
14
24
105
10
62
65
30
195
24
99
9
59
60
27
140
30
50
8
8
20
2
1
79
54
2
4
183
71
174
70
125
56
49
12
313
78
252
70
22
38
96
29
21
21
96
26
27
565
20
44
71
3
48
18
4
59
91
29
21
16
79
25
25
362
20
44
67
3
48
18
3
52
153
174
42
24
40
8
22
28
1
248
604
169
433
179
59
208
410
148
318
142
44
200
406
124
134
138
4
4
12
183
3
3
1
7
2
1
51
36
33
2
1
15
17
116
16
112
15
95
13
1
4
1
4
189
9
9
137
9
6
58
70
2
1
8
4
639
24
315
21
185
118
2
33
23
23
-
38
8
40
14
99
9
27
1
1
3
252
61
8
91
29
21
16
5
5
1
2
30
1
2
5
2
55
25
2
20
44
5
14
1
2
203
3
3
18
3
1
3
1
44
7
1
1
7
40
194
21
115
37
15
52
1
3
4
i
i
i
9
1
2
5
6
6
21
324
3
10
3
1
53
SOURCE TABLES, JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T
B 4 . — Race, nativity, and parent nativity of girls dealt with in delinquency
cases disposed of hy the courts in 8 States, 87 courts that served specified areas with
100,000 or more population, and 875 courts that served areas with less than 100,000
population in 1937— Continued
able
Girls’ delinquency cases
White
Area served by court
ABEAS WITH 100,000 OB MOEE
population —Continued.
Tennessee: Memphis (city) - Utah: Third district__ _____
Virginia: Norfolk (city)_____
Washington:
Pierce County_______ _____
Spokane County.. . . ______
W isc o n sin : M ilw a u k e e
County______________ ____
Total
286
Race
Na
Na
not
N ativ Negro Other
tive,
tive,
re
race ported
tive, foreign parent For
ity
eign
age
or
not re
Total native
born ported
not
parent mixed
re
age parent
age ported
Na
114
85
197
113
22
192
87
22
104
69
103
65
97
3
5
1
613
588
310
177
25
A be as w ith less than 100,000
POPULATION......... - ................ 2,379
2,035
299
1,715
913
586
757
437
232
67
511
363
880
841
50,000, less than 100,000______
Less than 50,000_____________
Population group not re
ported_____________________
184
151
841
37
T a b l e B 5 . — Age under which juvenile court has original jurisdiction and age when
referred to court of hoys dealt with in delinquency cases disposed of hy the courts in
8 States, 87 courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population,
and 875 courts that served areas with less than 100,000 population in 1937 1
Area served by court
Under
10
years
10
years,
under
12
12
years,
under
14
14
years,
under
16
16
years
and
over
30,198
1,421
3,448
7,217
13,385
3,814
913
3,579
2,785
4’ 948
4,720
2,666
8,899
504
2,097
312
162
125
108
184
445
9
76
550
359
474
489
319
1,037
59
161
1,098
746
1,019
1,080
564
2,251
140
319
1,383
1,360
2,019
2,018
875
4,891
227
612
81
158
1,311
553
567
161
54
929
155
66,589
3,237
7,558
15,276
26,417
12,052
2,049
55,003
2,553
6,157
12,585
22,195
10,624
889
107
546
2
37
7
47
28
107
36
191
9
164
25
Total cases reported for certain
States *_______ __________________
Connecticut__________________
Michigan_____ _______________
Missouri.___ ________________
New York____
____________
Rhode Island_______ . . . _ . . .
Utah
16
16
17
17
17
16
8 16
18
Total cases reported for all areas. . . .
A beas with 100,000 oe mobe popu LATION_____ __________ '............. Alabama: Mobile C ounty.............
Arkansas: Pulaski County..............
Boys’ delinquency cases
Age
under
which
juvenile
court
has
Total
original
juris
diction
16
21
Age of boy when referred to court
Age
not re
ported
472
157
114
15
1 Population according to 1930 census.
2 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
3 Courts have jurisdiction over juvenile delinquents under 16 years of age and over wayward children
under 18 years of age.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
54
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 193 7
T a b l e B 5.— Age under which juvenile court has original jurisdiction and age when
referred to court o f boys dealt with in delinquency cases disposed of by the courts in
8 States, 87 courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population,
and 875 courts that served areas with less than 100,000 population in 1937— Con.
Area served by court
with 100,000 ok moke population — Continued.
California:
Los Angeles County________ . . .
San Diego C ounty_____________
San Francisco (city and county).
Connecticut:
Fairfield County.. ._ . _______
Hartford (city)...............................
New Haven (city)________ „
District of Columbia. . . . _______
Florida: Dade County_____ - - - - - Georgia: Fulton County__________
Indiana:
Allen County. _______ ____ . . .
Lake County_____ ________ ____
Marion County.......... ...................
St. Joseph County______________
Vanderburgh County____ . . . .
Iowa:
Polk County........ ..........................
Woodbury County_____________
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish__________________
Orleans Parish_________________
Maryland: Baltimore (city)______
Massachusetts:
Boston:
Boston (central section)______
Brighton_____ _______________
Charlestown______ _____ _____
Dorchester____________ ____ _
East Boston_____ ____________
Roxbury_____________________
South Boston________________
West Roxbury___ ____________
Central district of Worcester____
East Norfolk district____ ______
First district of eastern Middlesex___________________________
Lawrence district_______________
Lowell district_________________
Second district of Bristol . ___
Somerville district______________
Southern Essex district_________
Springfield district.............. ..........
Third district of Bristol________
Third district of eastern Middlesex_____ _____________________
Michigan:
Genesee County___ ____________
Ingham County_____ __________
Kent County_________ . _______
Oakland County.. __________ _
Saginaw County____________
Wayne County'................ ..............
Minnesota:
Hennepin County..........................
Ramsey County_____________ . .
Missouri: Jackson County________
New Jersey: Hudson County_____
New York:
Albany County________________
Broome C o u n ty_____ _______ .
Chautauqua County................. .
Dutchess County_______________
Age
under
which
juvenile
court
has
original Total
juris
diction
Boys’ delinquency cases
Age of boy when referred to court
Under
10
years
10
years,
under
12
12
years,
under
14
14
years,
under
16
16
years
and
over
Age
not re
ported
A reas
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
21
21
21
2,139
1,471
'634
19
38
12
89
73
19
236
138
77
645
390
239
1 , no
832
284
16
16
16
17
17
16
1,116
'546
185
1,271
514
1,073
66
60
4
50
26
56
160
116
18
124
52
169
361
170
40
282
138
345
477
171
116
506
202
477
52
29
309
95
26
16
16
16
16
16
58
180
907
348
157
11
41
38
2
4
27
109
51
22
15
51
259
88
46
37
91
489
168
85
3
2
18
18
535
697
39
65
52
85
87
160
158
223
199
17
17
16
259
693
2,287
7
33
158
24
105
400
56
189
692
106
232
851
65
133
186
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
421
40
48
186
254
351
146
101
289
151
17
1
50
2
1
23
43
44
15
5
17
14
82
9
9
39
69
71
30
23
58
41
173
18
26
67
89
136
71
39
140
61
99
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
214
103
139
179
78
120
174
179
5
12
6
7
18
5
8
6
21
38
20
26
42
19
29
25
38
86
57
60
89
31
51
69
82
73
20
46
29
21
30
68
34
.
7
15
7
1
4
1
4
1
2
2
6
4
40
3
1
164
1
1
30
73
31
17
206
4
12
49
81
60
17
17
17
17
17
17
429
54
459
240
190
2,112
20
1
32
2
2
16
37
2
83
3
18
202
78
17
107
51
50
511
192
23
159
117
79
974
78
67
18
18
17
16
1,073
' 391
1,003
'455
33
2
63
31
109
15
94
56
183
65
201
135
330
157
414
220
16
16
16
16
360
135
167
66
19
11
26
6
36
29
29
5
86
34
34
15
183
60
72
40
11
4Ó8
41
1
418
152
231
13
36
6
SOURCE TABLES, JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
55
T a b l e B 5.— Age under which juvenile court has original jurisdiction and age when
referred to court o f boys dealt with in delinquency cases disposed o f by the courts in
8 States, 87 courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population
and 875 courts that served areas with less than 100,000 population in 1987__ C on ’
Area served by court
with 100,000 or more popu
lation—Continued.
New York— Continued.
Erie County...................................
Monroe Comity________________
Nassau County________________
New York (city)_______________
Niagara County________________
Oneida County________________
Onondaga County______________
Orange County..................... ........
Rensselaer County_____________
Schenectady County___________
Suffolk County_________________
Westchester County____________
Ohio:
Franklin County_______________
Hamilton County______________
Lucas County__________________
Mahoning County_____________
Montgomery County...________
Trumbull County______________
Oklahoma:
Tulsa (city)___________ ________
Tulsa County (exclusive of Tulsa
c ity )............................................
Oregon: Multnomah County_____
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County___ ____ ______
Berks County..................... ..........
Montgomery County__________
Philadelphia (city and county)..
Rhode Island: Sixth district______
South Carolina: Greenville County.
Tennessee: Memphis (city)_______
Utah: Third district_______________
Virginia: Norfolk (city)___________
Washington:
Pierce County__________________
Spokane County_______________
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County___
Age
under
which
juvenile
court
has
original
juris
diction
Boys’ delinquency cases
Age of boy when referred to court
Total
Under
10
years
10
years,
under
12
12
years,
under
14
14
years,
under
16
16
years
and
over
30
2
Age
not re
ported
A reas
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
889
172
142
4,193
183
2 11
403.
41
159
148
90
292
41
4
9
146
24
3
24
3
5
9
1
13
117
23
24
393
42
20
51
7
13
19
5
43
221
45
34
1,062
38
49
103
11
25
41
28
71
479
98
70
2,523
79
12 1
214
20
77
75
55
148
18
18
18
18
18
18
1,051
2,556
691
1, 536
839
423
30
103
29
36
36
18
125
306
78
114
98
38
218
535
138
280
168
75
371
779
236
554
279
152
307
833
200
552
258
62
11
39
1
5
7
18
4
17
10
140
16
111
6
17
37
48
1
16
18
47
556
4
15
4
47
12
108
24
207
3
179
16
16
16
16
3 16
16
17
18
18
1,123
106
94
4,693
2 11
186
1, 315
959
537
56
3
5
319
2
24
104
33
16
140
13
9
690
30
35
172
79
51
314
33
23
1,459
66
66
294
151
92
566
50
57
2,20 2
98
61
480
260
189
45
7
2
3
15
20
257
436
189
g
18
18
18
158
434
4,218
6
17
300
13
37
524
33
62
844
59
123
1,105
47
195
1,445
2
A reas
with less than 100,000 pop
ulation________________________
11,586
684
1,401
2,691
4,222
1,428
1,160
50,000, less than 100,000___________
Less than 50,000__________________
Population group not reported____
4,475
4,313
2,798
238
255
191
484
546
371
1,003
1,038
650
1,734
1,537
951
662
624
142
354
313
493
3 Courts have jurisdiction over juvenile delinquents under 16 years of age and over wayward children
under 18 years of age.
'
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
56
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 193 7
T a b l e B 6.— Age under which juvenile court has original jurisdiction and age when
referred to court o f girls dealt with in delinquency cases disposed of by the courts
in 8 States, 87 courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population,
and 375 courts that served areas with less than 100,000 population in 1937 1
Area served by court
Age
under
which
juvenile
court
has
original Total
juris
diction
Total cases reported for certain
States 2.......................... .................... .
Connecticut___________ _____
Indiana______________________
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan____________________
Missouri_____________________
New York_________ i _________
Rhode Island_______________
Utah________________ ________
16
18
17
17
17
16
3 16
18
Total cases reported for all areas____
w ith 100,000 or more popu
lation ________________„ ________
Girls’ delinquency cases
Age of girl when referred to court
Under
10
years
10
years,
under
12
12
years,
under
14
14
years,
under
16
16
years
and
over
5,162
441
968
497
735
696
1, 404
72
349
168
24
21
7
12
29
63
271
874
75
144
77
111
127
292
5
43
2,687
221
452
251
386
324
881
43
129
909
9
309
141
71
171
46
18
144
253
___ 82
12
30
42
21
26
33
95
3
21
12,099
378
613
2,030
5,614
2,923
541
9,720
286
483
1,638
4
40
4,514
7
54
2,587
3
98
212
4
Age
not re
ported
129
12
27
3
A reas
Alabama: Mobile County________
Arkansas: Pulaski County_______
California:
Los Angeles County____________
San Diego County_____________
San Francisco (city and county).
Connecticut:
Fairfield County_______________
Hartford (city)___ _____________
New Haven (city)______________
District of Columbia_____________
Florida: Dade County___________
Georgia: Fulton County_________
Indiana:
Allen County__________________
Lake County___________________
Marion County________________
St. Joseph County______________
Vanderburgh C o u n t y . _______
Iowa:
Polk County____________ ______
Woodbury County_____________
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish__________________
Orleans Parish__________________
Maryland: Baltimore (city)______
Massachusetts:
Boston:
Boston (central section)______
Brighton____ . _______________
Charlestown__________________
Dorchester___________________
East Boston__________________
Roxbury_____________________
South Boston_________________
West Roxbury________________
Central district of Worcester____
East Norfolk district___________
First district of eastern Middle
sex___________________________
Lawrence district_______________
Lowell district__________________
Second district of Bristol_______
Somerville district______________
Southern Essex district_________
Springfield district_____________
Third district of Bristol________
Third district of eastern Middle
sex___________________________
16
21
18
221
17
12
21
21
21
529
287
161
6
9
12
6
51
28
10
204
101
56
256
143
95
16
16
16
17
17
16
92
74
12
160
90
177
1
6
7
7
4
2
17
64
41
11
83
46
103
5
4
4
8
15
16
1
32
15
44
41
22
5
18
18
18
18
18
56
55
175
131
54
1
2
7
3
2
3
4
9
2
5
8
26
16
10
23
31
85
49
26
26
12
58
50
13
18
18
139
176
14
21
16
13
27
30
36
69
46
17
17
16
90
106
231
3
2
9
3
11
25
16
23
57
46
44
111
22
26
29
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
90
1
4
22
9
43
18
7
41
11
1
3
11
46
29
1
1
1
8
6
1
6
2
4
13
2
17
7
4
25
5
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
15
13
16
19
5
6
18
14
2
2
1
1
5
2
2
2
2
•2
6
3
1
4
2
4
3
8
15
4
4
10
9
1
43
8
4
11
3
2
7
2
9
7
2
1
2
4
3
17
24
3
9
12
(Population according to 1930 census.
2 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or
more population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
3 Courts have jurisdiction over juvenile delinquents under 16 years of age and over wayward children
under 18 years 0 fage.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
57
SOURCE TABLES, JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T a b l e B 6.— Age under which juvenile court has original jurisdiction and age when
referred to court of girls dealt with in delinquency cases disposed of by the courts
in 8 States, 87 courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population,
and 875 courts that served areas with less than 100,000 population in 1937— Con.
Age
under
which
¡uvenile
court
has
Total
original
juris
diction
Area served by court
A reas
with 100,000 or more
lation — Continued.
Michigan:
Girls’ delinquency cases
Age of girl when referred to court
10
years,
under
12
12
years,
under
14
14
years,
under
16
16
years
and
over
7
1
8
1
2
3
12
1
15
12
7
17
52
2
24
40
13
128
12
12
7
1
7
3
23
7
56
17
70
27
168
40
7
2
1
23
8
4
1
18
4
5
143
3
9
10
1
2
1
1
10
47
18
12
15
66
22
16
361
16
30
44
3
33
13
3
40
2
14
8
19
10
2
48
97
28
45
26
9
99
236
63
184
73
28
94
252
64
176
64
13
26
11
1
1
2
12
9
48
5
55
5
12
1
49
4
19
7
3
34
11
3
114
3
4
393
10
14
109
29
27
28
26
30
5
5
170
2
12
52
12
14
Under
10
years
Age
not re
ported
popu -
Minnesota:
New York:
Chautauqua County----------------
Ohio:
Franklin County_______________
Lucas County_____________ ____
Oklahoma:
105
10
62
65
30
195
18
18
17
16
183
71
313
78
2
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
96
29
21
21
96
26
27
565
20
44
71
3
48
18
4
59
9
18
18
18
18
18
18
248
604
169
433
179
59
4
5
3
9
6
16
51
16
18
17
116
16
16
16
16
3 16
16
17
18
18
189
9
9
639
24
33
286
114
85
18
18
18
69
104
613
1
5
18
4
3
30
7
14
93
32
44
187
25
38
285
2,379
913
586
880
92
130
51
31
48
392
1,100
442
264
394
336
329
108
78
150
137
82
110
Tulsa County (exclusive of Tulsa
Oregon: Multnomah County_____
Pennsylvania:
Philadelphia (city and county)..
South Carolina: Greenville County
Tennessee: Memphis ( c i t y ) . . ----Virginia: Norfolk (city)---------------Washington:
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County...
A reas with less than 100,000 popu LATION_________________________
Population group not reported------
1
33
6
17
17
17
17
17
17
3
1
9
2
3
4
3
2
8
4
3
4
34
1
1
10
3
3
42
22
28
133
109
150
7
47
81
36
73
16
10
1
1
1
6
19
4
3
10
1
8
1
3
20
12
71
55
41
1
1
1
» Courts have jurisdiction over juvenile delinquents under 16 years of age and over wayward children
under 18 years of age.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
58
T
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 193 7
B7.— Reason for reference to court of boys dealt with in delinquency cases
disposed o f by the courts in 8 States, 87 courts that served specified areas with
.100,000 or more population, and 375 courts that served areas with less than 100,000
population in 1937 1
able
Boys’ delinquency eases
Connnecticut____
Indiana_______ ____
Massachusetts___
Michigan_____________
M issou ri..______
New York______
Rhode Island___ __
Utah - __ _
3,579
2,785
4,948
4,720
2,666
8,899
504
2,097
1,488 1,278
431
1,597
805
2,838
479
3,017
282
1,328
4,574 1,949
55
292
304
1,018
28
11
507
160
23
47
2
364
230
210
296
373
414
639
87
172
125
60
34
156
67
77
244
11
15
8
29
4
16
4
Other reason
664
86
74
95
140
32
266
17
32
Reason for refer-1
enee not reported |
742
217
263
136
255
160
606
33
33
100
153
57
122
143
245
6
58
1
Injury to person
Total cases reported for certain
States 2_____ _______________
30,198 16,152 5,583 1,142 2,421
Use, possession, or
sale of liquor or
drugs
Sex offense
1 Being ungovern
able
884 1,703
Running away
<D
GQ
Truancy
03
j
Total
bfi
.9
Traffic violation
Area served by court
Act of carelessness
or mischief
Reason for reference to court
64
557 225
82 10
4
28
1
12 91
188
3
205 120
1
37 _ . 1 _
Total cases reported for all areas___ 66, 589 34,308 13,518 3,420 4,073 2,943 3,567 1,564 1,405
331 1,233 227
AEEAS WITH 100,000 OB MOEE
POPULATION-.............
55,003 28,368 11,445 2,944 3,047 2,537 2,968 1,324 1,128
213
Alabama: Mobile County.-Arkansas: Pulaski County. California:
Los Angeles County._______
San Diego County
San Francisco (city and county)
Connecticut:
Fairfield County____
Hartford (city)
New Haven (city)_________ _
District of Columbia— .
Florida: Dade County.
___
Georgia: Fulton County____
Indiana:
Allen County________ ______
Lake County... _
Marion County___
St. Joseph County___ ______
Vanderburgh County .
Iowa:
Polk County. ......................
Woodbury County.
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish________ . _
Orleans Parish___
Maryland: Baltimore (city)___
Massachusetts:
Boston:
Boston (central section)
Brighton. _ ______
Charlestown_________
Dorchester_________
East Boston_____
Roxbury_____________
South Boston____
West Roxbury_____ __
Central district of Worcester
East Norfolk district..
First district of eastern Middlesex_____ ____________
60
216
9
132
1
21
23
29
2
57
7
24
1
9
4
9
3
2,139 1, 515
415
1,471
634
399
37
167
10
207
539
98
94
43
16
2
96
12
47
79
45
114
25
22
27
7
1
26
25
2
1,116
' 546
185
1,271
514
1,073
403
210
112
918
273
706
453
216
26
105
87
169
17
77
48
21
31
31
1
59
17
3
34
41
65
26
15
72
37
110
20
13
1
13
16
10
21
14
3
18
7
23
58
180
907
348
157
47
103
528
147
111
25
160
92
16
2
1
6
12
83
10
9
3
13
40
26
8
11
71
55
11
535
697
200
240
104
310
48
6
67
1
19
116
23
132
259
693
395
2,287 1,151
60
100
901
20
4
1
6
10
37
9
2
49
15
23
107
546
1
110
20
421
40
48
186
254
351
146
101
289
151
207
27
33
103
140
188
72
53
146
88
121
7
33
77
44
39
19
51
24
18
4
5
27
3
38
15
15
11
13
214
120
22
27
2
15
12
13
894 135
46
70
.75
29 . . . .
1
1
7
13
2
3
3
2
1
9
2
2
2
2
17
20
18
4
1
15
128
121
2
24
28
9
40
40
2
2
15
7
1
18
1
3
2
17
2
10
1
3
8
13
8
2
5
4
4
1
1
3
1
4
2
2
8
1
6
6
18
3
4
6
3
4
3
8
5
1
1
8
10
6
37
15
2
19
6
3
2
32
2
2
1
2
1 Population according to 1930 census.
2 All figures^ for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or
more population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
59
SOURCE TABLES, JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T
B 7.— Reason for reference to court of boys dealt with in delinquency cases
disposed of by the courts in 8 States, 87 courts that served specified areas with
100,000 or more population, and 875 courts that served areas with less than 100,000
population in 1937— Continued
able
Boys’ delinquency cases
Reason for reference to court
A reas with 100,000 or more population— Continued.
M assachusetts—C ontinued.
Third
f-l
21
32
1
4
80
3
53
9
30
5
1
57
59
17
22
49
24
103
16
1
3
6
8
55
13
14
4
77
47
14
87
11
29
4
88
35
34
9
16
8
11
3
25
13
4
2
3
6
40
206
135
99
54
83
94
202
22
7
38
8
155
73
123
15
360
135
95
7
36
167
107
45
3
66
889
546
140
172
14
113
142
12
118
4,193 2,011 1,120
34
183
107
211
85
28
403
216
125
41
24
7
159
13
48
148
67
56
11
90
63
292
34
158
3
3
1
2
8
129
8
1,073
391
1,003
455
638
285
453
221
2
Reason for reft
i
enee not reporti
S o
"ssii
Other reason
Use, possession,
sale of liquor
drugs
Injury to person
127
245
429
54
30
318
459
240
143
190
105
2,112 1,508
5
3
7
1
11
10
13
tV rH
o o
a
14
8
2
2
8
35
11
75
103
136
57
77
83
133
district of e a ste rn
Minnesota:
Hennepin County____________
Ramsey County______________
Missouri: Jackson C ounty_____
*
C
ti
5
13
18
11
16
29
13
103
139
179
78
120
174
179
Michigan:
Kent County_________ ____ . .
Oakland County________
Running away
Truancy
l Stealing
*03
O
Eh
-
a
Traffic violation
2
Sex offense
Act of carelessnes
or mischief
Sg
Area served by court
Being ungover:
able
__
1
3
1
3
1
1
4
3
4
6
1
3
5
4
3
1
1
3
1
3
2
6
4
9
2
25
2
12
13
36
121
4
4
3
1
4
3
2
1
5
2
1
1
9
7
4
3
12
1
2
86
New York:
Dutchess County_____ _______
Erie County___ ______________
Nassau County_______
New York (city)___________ . .
Niagara County________
Onondaga County., .
Orange County. ____________
Rensselaer County. _________
Schenectady County. ______
Suffolk County_______________
Westchester County____
Ohio:
Franklin County__ __________
Hamilton County ____
Lucas County______________
Mahoning County____________
Montgomery County _____
Trumbull County _____
Oklahoma:
Tulsa (city). ___ _____________
Tulsa County (exclusive of
Tulsa city)__________
Oregon: Multnomah County...
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County_______ . . .
Berks County___ ______
Montgomery County................
Philadelphia (city and countv)
Rhode Island: Sixth district.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1,051
778
2,556 1.721
691
278
632
1,536
839
455
423
215
3
1
4
39
7
3
141
1
65
21
2
6
74
5
2
41
9
24
11
8
4
44
21
4
344
16
2
23
4
9
4
3
26
103
534
112
319
151
115
6
165
30
41
30
19
33
8
32
205
93
42
29
3
166
101
67
19
4
111
78
6
47
556
28
282
11
84
1,123
611
210
2
' 106
80
94
12
68
4,693 1,558 1,730
211
114
21
11
20
3
35
1
16
1
66
4
1
213
45
26
2
1
1
26
15
1
121
2
4
122
5
8
10
1
40
1
28
7
1
1
5
1
1
13
2
3
3
2
12
113
10
5
4
1
5
1
1
5
17
10
30
57
19
4
44
35
12
24
8
3
17
42
15
8
16
6
2
9
7
1
22
29
9
148
3
14
3
1
1
1
38
2
47
1
12
2
4
21
13
100
5
3
237
17
39
50
2
3
163
7
4
1
6
1
60
7
3
46
7
2
602
3
110
6
89 120
8
23
3
9
6
1
60
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 193 7
Reason fo r reference to court of boys dealt with in delinquency cases
disposed o f by the courts in 8 States, 87 courts that served specified areas with
100,000 or more population, and 875 courts that served areas with less than 100,000
population in 1937— Continued
T a b l e B 7.
Boys’ delinquency cases
enee not reported
Reason for reference to court
Area served by court
A re as w ith 100,000 or more popu
lation — Continued.
South Carolina: G r e e n v ille
County_______________________
Tennessee: Memphis (city)_____
Utah: Third district____________
Virginia: Norfolk (city)_________
Washington:
Pierce County___________ ____
Spokane County______________
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County..
186
1,315
959
537
126
540
427
247
30
440
136
111
35
278
29
2
95
14
7
22
83
22
43
19
16
14
94
158
23
434
165
90
4,218 1,750 1,198
4
83
440
5
52
337
12
23
124
136
A reas with less than 100,000
POPULATION........... .................... . 11,586 5,940 2,073
50,000, less than 100,000__________ 4,475 2,264
736
Less than 50,000_________________ 4,313 2,140 1,000
Population group not reported.. . 2,798 1,536
337
T
476 1,026
241
211
24
3
6
240
418
259
349
244
168
187
277
339
164
71
104
102
48
B 8.— Reason for reference to court of girls dealt with in delinquency cases
disposed of by the courts in 8 States, 87 courts that served specified areas with
100,000 or more population, and 375 courts that served areas with less than 100,000
population in 1937 1
able
Girls’ delinquency cases
Reason for reference
not reported
Injury to person
Use, possession, or sale
of liquor or drugs
Being ungovernable
539
251
44
873
729 1,296 1,062
72
29 147
120
441
968
497
735
696
1,404
72
349
56
87
79
49
50
156
5
57
33
51
10
41
21
81
1
2
8
7
2
3
3
17
8
1
13
26
1
3
7
2
5
2
3
2
16
1
100
21
31
172
69
106
104
175
5
67
52
3
6
3
64
15
14
5
81
57
142
154
265
16
93
10
4
87
263
158
227
161
334
15
51
112
285
98
138
124
246
30
29
Other reason
5,162
Connecticut_________ . . . .
Indiana____________________
Massachusetts_______ _______
Michigan___________________
Missouri__________ _________
New York___ . . . ______
Rhode Island_________ . . . . .
Utah________________________
Sex offense
Running away
Total cases reported for certain
States2. . ___________________
'cC
O
Stealing
Truancy
Traffic violation
Area served by court
Act of carelessness or
mischief
Reason for reference to court
1
1 Population according to 1930 census.
2 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
61
SOURCE TABLES, JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T a b l e B8 .— R e a so n f o r reference to court o f girls dealt w ith i n d elin q u en cy cases
d isp o sed o f b y the courts in 8 S tates, 8 7 courts that served specified areas with
1 0 0 ,0 0 0
or m ore p o p u la tio n , and 8 7 5 courts that served areas w ith less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0
p o p u la tio n in 1 9 3 7 — Continued
Girls’ delinquency cases
Total cases reported for all areas_____
A
1 0 0 ,0 0 0
C A T I O N ...... ..........
r e a s
w it h
o r
m o r e
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Other reason
Reason for reference
not reported
Use, possession, or sale
of liquor or drugs
Sex offense
Injury to person
Being ungovernable
Running away
1451 ,4 6 8
882
1 ,9 6 4 3 ,0 2 7 2 ,5 8 1
210
94
357
121
128 1 ,0 6 5 1 ,6 1 8 2 ,5 0 4 2 ,0 2 9
172
68
270
103
p o ru -
Alabama: Mobile County. .
Arkansas: Pulaski County___
California:
Los Angeles County___
San Diego C o u n ty ._____
San Francisco (city and county).
Connecticut:
Fairfield County___________ _
Hartford (city)______
New Haven (city)..
_____
District of Columbia_________ . . . .
Florida: Dade County
Georgia: Fulton County.. _____
Indiana:
Allen County_________ ______
Lake County.. _ . . . . . .
Marion C ounty..______ _.
St. Joseph C o u n ty________ _ .
Vanderburgh County__________
Iowa:
Polk County________________ .
Woodbury County____ _____
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish____ ____ _ . . .
Orleans Parish_______ _______
Maryland: Baltimore (city)__ . . .
Massachusetts:
Boston:
Boston (central section)____
Brighton_______________
Charlestown________________
Dorchester_______________
East Boston__________ . . .
Roxbury........................
South Boston________ . . .
West Roxbury_________
Central district of Worcester..
East Norfolk District
First district of eastern Middlesex
Lawrence district_________
Lowell district_______. . .
Second district of Bristol .
Somerville d i s t r i c t . _____
Southern Essex district..
Springfield district________
Third district of Bristol.
Third district of eastern Middlesex........
Michigan:
Genesee County_____
Ingham County. . .
Kent County___________ .
Oakland County______ ______
Saginaw County...
______
Wayne County_________________
1 7 6 9 8 6 ° — 4 0 -------5
1 2 ,0 9 9 1 ,2 5 0
Truancy
[ Total
| Stealing
Area served by court
Traffic violation
Act of carelessness or
mischief
Reason for reference to court
9, 7 2 0 1 , 0 1 6
18
221
2
21
529
36
12
2
287
161
92
747
57
2
6
19
43
1
74
18
12
12
1
160
90
37
11
177
31
56
14
55
175
3
8
10
9
2
131
54
7
17
5
139
176
12
26
27
2
11
7
3
16
4
2
37
15
2
21
19
11
1
7
435
56
41
77
73
3
6
11
13
31
2
28
11
13
21
5
12
11
3
2
6
35
3
30
3
1
8
4
22
8
1
11
28
3
2
47
9
11
9
6
27
7
3
30
11
81
50
6
1
3
40
24
90
106
7
21
6
16
1
37
42
2
21
90
1
34
1
11
24
1
1
2
4
22
9
43
18
9
41
2
1
16
19
5
1
1
8
3
0
9
7
2
2
3
1
24
2
7
10
62
65
18
2
30
195
3
25
3
1
1
1
3
13
4
3
3
1
8
7
11
9
11
2
20
2
1
5
5
9
3
8
13
1
37
16
4
i
9
38
«
1
1
5
10
______
1
1
6
3
1061
3
7
7
5
10
3
1
9
12
7
3
1
2
21
3
2
2
12
21
25
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
18
24
18
5
ï
105
1
9
1
2
18
23
32
11
1
1
g
13
3
4
3
5
1
2
9
1
3
3
12
12
7
1
.
1
31
5
1
1
16
6
17
25
3
1
21
13
1
17
10
51
101
2
6
18
14
77
10
1
11
15
13
5
1
3
2
3
2
35
67
15
231
4
4
92
42
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
34
Ì
______
62
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS, 1 9 3 7
T a b l e B8 .— R e a so n f o r referen ce to court o f girls dealt w ith i n d elin q u en cy cases
d isp o sed o f b y the courts i n 8 S ta tes, 8 7 courts that served sp ecified areas with
1 0 0 ,0 0 0
or m ore p o p u la tio n , and 8 7 5 cou rts that served areas w ith less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0
p o p u la tio n i n 1 9 8 7 — Continued
Girls’ delinquency cases
ABEAS WITH 100,000 OB MOBE POPUlation — C ontinued.
Minnesota:
Hennepin County______________
Ramsey County________________
Missouri: Jackson County________
New Jersey: Hudson County_____
New York:
Albany County_____ __________
Broome County________________
Chautauqua County____________
Dutchess County______________
Erie County_______________ . ___
Monroe County_______________ _
Nassau County_____________ . .
New York (city)________ _ ____
Niagara County________________
Oneida County______ _____ _ . . .
Onondaga County______________
Orange County-............... ............
Rensselaer County_____ ________
Schenectady County____________
Suffolk County_________________
Westchester County____________
Ohio:
Franklin County_______________
Hamilton County______________
Lucas C o u n ty ..-...... .............. „
Mahoning County______________
Montgomery County_________
Trumbull County______________
Oklahoma:
Tulsa (city)__________ ___________
Tulsa County (exclusive of Tulsa
city)__________________________
Oregon: Multnomah County_____
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County___________
Berks County................... ..............
Montgomery County___________
Philadelphia (city and county). . .
Rhode Island: Sixth district______
South Carolina: Greenville County
Tennessee: Memphis (city)_______
Utah: Third district-. . __________
Virginia: Norfolk (city)--- . . __
Washington:
Pierce County_______ _______
183
71
313
35
11
3
1
17
7
1
19
7
60
26
27
565
20
44
71
3
2
5
2
4
5
16
9
5
2
2
28
10
1
22
9
107
4
124
11
7
21
1
27
1
3
1
16
1
12
27
8
1
’
18
4
2
59
2
7
1
66
1
48
35
2
2
2
6
26
2
7
11
2
248
604
16
49
3
8
11
105
101
92
70
91
36
85
13
21
26
27
11
16
20
8
40
10
51
8
1
6
19
17
116
1
3
4
8
189
15
5
13
2
10
67
4
1
19
39
31
14
1
43
1
65
1
1
4
37
3
1
57
208
171
77
5
34
21
65
1
3
9
19
69
104
9
1
2
1
16
7
18
5
1
'
60
10
5
23
54
30
19
1
138
552
159
170
137
125
193
245
4
2
Reason for refer- i
enee not reported
Other reason
3
112
5
1
2
1
1
4
104
523
35
15
2
2
171
62
2
5
19
159
62
74
2
8
1
1
346
46
54
1
3
9
1
21
170
79
154
135
98
1
3
3
19
14
403
234
913
586
880
17
1
15
11
2 ,3 7 9
1
11
17
A be as w ith less THAN 100,000 POPPI.ATION.............- ________________
100
1
80
1
4
1
15
61
9
16
45
84
9
102
1
2
2
6
11
4
286
114
85
3
14
1
15
87
40
1
1
7
40
211
31
3
4
45
159
3
2
1
4
9
32
17
7
12
4
11
18
17
Use, possession, or
sale of liquor or
drugs
3
4
23
11
3
6
2
12
179
59
2
29
2
17
3
40
1
1
23
19
9
3
1
169
9
1
1
1
2
433
639
24
Injury to person
13
4
3
14
1
Sex offense
80
18
49
96
29
21
5
4
1
Being ungovern
able
63
35
7
21
96
! Ruüning away
22
3
63
4
78
6
86
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
34
2
49
22
613
less than 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ____________
Less than 5 0 , 0 0 0 _____________ ____________
Population group not reported... .
11
4
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County.--
5 0 ,0 0 0 ,
1 Truancy
1
Total
Stealing
Area served by court
Traffic violation
Act of carelessness I
J
or mischief
Reason for reference to court
38
8
5
25
5
2
1
5
1
26
87
12
63
6
8
18
6
18
5
12
1
SOURCE TABLES, JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
63
T a b l e B 9 .— S o u rce o f reference to court o f children dealt w ith in d elin q u en cy cases
d isp o sed o f b y the courts i n 1 State, 4 9 courts that served sp ecified areas w ith 1 0 0 OOO
tio ™ in 1 9 ° $ U' ail° n '
^ courts that served areas w ith less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la -
Delinquency cases
Source of reference to court
Area served by court
Total
Total cases reported for a
State:J
Utah__________________
Source
Par
Schoo 1Proba
ents Other Other of ref
Police depart tion Other Socia
indi
court
agencj
7
or
rel
source erence
ment officer
not re
atives vidua
ported
2,446 1,496
318
Total cases reported for all
areas___ ____ _____ |____ 56,326 37,003 3,129
Areas with 100,000 ob more
P O P U L A T IO N __________________ 54,454 36,130
2,826
Alabama: Mobile County.
125
72
26
California:
Los Angeles County____ 2,668 1,972
117
San Diego County______ 1,758
758
72
San Francisco (city and
county)____ ............ .......
795
472
15
Connecticut:
Fairfield County________ 1,208
862
134
Hartford (city)__________
620
514
75
District of Columbia______ 1,431 1,222
41
Florida: Dade County____
604
370
59
Georgia: Fulton C ounty... 1,250
769
28
Indiana:
Allen County_________ ...
114
86
12
Lake County____________
235
131
39
Marion County_________ 1,082
828
75
St. Joseph County______
479
153
41
Vanderburgh County___
211
145
29
Iowa: Polk County_______
674
270
37
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish___________
349
168
30
Orleans Parish__________
799
467
21
M a ry la n d : Baltim ore
(city)..................... .............. 2,518 2,333
7
Michigan:
Kent County___________
521
456
26
Oakland County________
306
209
71
Wayne County_________ 2,307 1,782
142
Minnesota:
Hennepin County_______ 1,256 1,083
60
Ramsey County________
462
434
6
New Jersey:
Hudson
County_________________
533
161
84
New York:
Erie County_________ . . .
985
736
24
Monroe County_________
198
120
9
New York (city)________ 4,758 2,522
IM
Onondaga County______
474
368
28
Rensselaer County______
207
55
110
Westchester County____
351
153
83
Ohio:
Franklin County________ 1,299
908
56
Hamilton County_______ 3,160 2,699
75
Lucas County......... .........
860
620
26
Mahoning County______ 1,969
Montgomery County___ 1,018
697
138
Oklahoma:
Tulsa (city)_____________
162
68
14
Tulsa County (exclusive
of Tulsa city)__________
64
34
2
Oregon:
M ultn o m a h
County_________________
672
475
51
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County______ 1,312
337
55
Berks County..*________
115
79
8
Montgomery County___
103
87
1
Philadelphia (city and
county)_________ ______ 5,332 1 3,343 1 306
1 Population according to 1930 census.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
253
25
72
231
1,663
1,063
849 . 3,871
6,298
466
1,984
1,412
1,044
840
3,761
6,022
437
1,982
16
2
27
15
68
85
9
76
291
2
4
5
14
71
170
679
11
38
133
50
19
104
1
1
15
3
38
27
66
14
4
12
6
14
12
5
57
15
110
40
142
113
3
6
91
239
1
4
3
2
10
4
40
10
24
91
59
16
54
2
34
85
208
14
246
17
3
21
35
135
57
147
2
3
6
47
99
22
8
10
8
56
18
10
198
3
7
47
16
6
67
1
28
14
1
2
1
1
1
6
47
5
3
1
—
_________
2
4
7
___ ______
80
1
1
2
1
1
7
1
103
7
14
113
51
26
33
7
149
7
12
29
98
50
550
43
14
27
68
12
1,370
25
14
58
5
95
152
73
117
140
136
7
3
2
106
13
1
1
43
2
16
34
2
12
10
12
68
81
2
27
35
1
7
8
14
12
1
1
1
4
1
5
2
19
63
56
1
476
1
1
129
8
8
262
1
38
8
3
13
3
17
473
1,187
2
2
2
4 I.
1
1
1
64
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS,
193 7
T a b l e B 9 — S o u rce o f reference to court o f children dealt w ith in d elin q u en cy cases
d isp o sed o f b y the courts in 1 State, 4 9 courts that served sp ecified areas w ith 1 0 0 ,0 0 0
or m ore p o p u la tio n , and 8 courts that served areas w ith less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la
tion in 1 9 3 7 — Continued
___________
Delinquency cases
Source of reference to court
Area served by court
Total
w ith 100,000 or more
population — Continued.
South Carolina: Greenville
County------------- —
Tennessee: Memphis (city).
Utah: Third district----Virginia: Norfolk (city)--..
Washington:
Pierce County---------------Spokane County-----------Wisconsin: Milwaukee
County------- ------------------
Source
Par
School Proba Other Social ents Other Other of ref
erence
indi
Police depart tion court agency of rel
source not re
vidual
ment officer
atives
ported
A re as
A re as
000
1,601
1,073
'622
808
897
400
31
86
23
51~
6
19
16
6
46
3
5
13
167
21
34
67
476
45
139
6
9
2
227
125
17
4
1
2
3
25
35
36
35
61
7
4,831
4,363
253
32
2
22
102
53
1,872
873
303
251
19
9
110
276
29
2
1,271
601
716
157
209
94
10
241
16
3
4
5
95
15
194
82
25
4
2
with less than 100,population -------------
50,000, less than 100,000----Less than 50,000.--------------
4
T a b l e B 1 0 __ P la ce o f detention care o f children dealt w ith in d elin q u en cy cases
d isp o sed o f b y the courts in 1 State, 4 9 courts that served specified areas w ith
1 0 0 ,0 0 0
or m ore p o p u la tio n , and 8 courts that served areas with less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0
p o p u la tio n in 1 9 3 7
1
______________ ______________________ _
Delinquency cases
Detention care overnight or longer in specified
place
Area served by court
Total cases reported for a
State: 8
U t a h ...............................
No
deten Board
Total tion
ing
Deten Other
home
care
insti
tion
or other home 2 tution
family
home
De
ten
tion
Place
care
Jail or Other
of de not re
police
place tention ported
sta
of care4 not re
tion 8
ported
2,097
2
73
59
126
89
Total cases reported for all
areas— _................. - .........- 56,326 31,853
495
16,358
3,185
1,613
293
8
2,521
494
16,287
3,155
1,433
204
8
2,521
A reas
with 100,000 or more
population .........................
Alabama: Mobile County...
California:
Los Angeles County--------San Diego County-----------San Francisco (city and
county)—...........................
2,446
54,454 30,352
125
84
2,668
1, 758
1,031
1,058
795
235
1
23
17
663
5
348
30
556
2
2
1
23
1
509
1
2 L ^ u ^ s 1<CM^Cof^Uldren9cared1forSpart of the time in detention homes and part of the time elsewhere
Vint
poqac of children &lso cored for m joils or police stotions»
,
,, ,._
^ In clu d e s cases of children cared for part of the time in jails or police stations and part of the tune else
where.
<Includes cases of children cared for in more than 1 place but in places other than detention homes, jails,
0riPAll1agures°for'the State for which a total is given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
65
SOURCE TABLES, JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T able £ 1 0 .
P la ce o f detention care o f children dealt w ith i n d elin q u en cy cases
d isp o sed o f b y the courts in 1 S ta te, Jf.9 courts that served specified areas with
1 0 0 ,0 0 0
or m ore p o p u la tio n , and 8 courts that served areas w ith less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0
p o p u la tio n in 1 9 3 7 — Continued
Delinquency cases
Detention care overnight or longer in specified
place
Area served by court
No
Total deten Board
tion
ing
care
home Deten
or other tion
family home
home
Other
insti
tution
Jail or
police
sta
tion
1
20
15
48
4
8
Detention
Place
care
Other of de
place tention not re
of care not re ported
ported
A R E A S W IT H 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 OR M O RE
p o p u l a t i o n — Continued.
Connecticut:
Fairfield County.. _ _
Hartford (city )...
District of Columbia . . . . . .
Florida: Dade county___ __
Georgia: Fulton County. . .
Indiana:
Allen County________ _
Lake County........
Marion County
St. Joseph County ...
Vanderburgh County
Iowa: Polk County
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish____ _
Orleans Parish_____
Maryland: Baltimore (city).
Michigan:
Kent C o u n ty .______
Oakland County.. . .
Wayne County____ • Minnesota:
Hennepin County.. .
Ramsey County_____
New Jersey: Hudson Countv.
New York:
Erie County__________
Monroe County___
New York (city) ..
Onondaga County . . .
Rensselaer County____
Westchester County.
Ohio:
Franklin County__
Hamilton County..
Lucas County..
Mahoning County.
Montgomery County...
Oklahoma:
Tulsa (city)__________
Tulsa County (exclusive of
Tulsa C ity )___
Oregon: Multnomah County.
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County__ 1
Berks County____
Montgomery County
Philadelphia (city and
county)_____________
South Carolina: Greenville
County___________
Tennessee: Memphis (city)..
Utah: Third district____
Virginia: Norfolk (city)_____
Washington:
Pierce County_______
Spokane County_____ •_
Wisconsin: M i l w a u k e e
County__________ ______
A r e a s w i t h l e s s t h a n 10 0,0 0 0
P O P U L A T IO N _______
50,000, less than 100,000
Less than 50,000_________
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1,208
620
1, 431
604
1,250
1,096
511
1,148
380
559
114
235
1,082
479
211
674
60
168
39
430
200
447
349
799
2,518
225
332
2,328
521
305
2,307
241
95
921
1,256
462
533
1,236
317
298
8
985
198
4,758
474
207
351
658
134
2,481
219
150
214
316
5
4
1,299
3,160
860
1,969
1,018
405
1, 104
376
3
162
80
64
672
91
109
268
6
4
683
2
1
1
42
59
1,041
1
9
6
1
1
49
2
192
3
103
412
9
55
188
9
277
209
1,378
1
1
3
2
2
3
223
254
64
12
11
59
2,265
10
1
1
1
12
79
6
1
1
2
2
57
121
16
615
25
497
1,999
478
30
18
362
39
4
296
107
18
59
4
43
440
1
5
9
92
1,312
115
103
755
103
28
4
499
2
i
1
1,969
1
h
45
90
50
11
'4
i
75
5,332
3,989
• 219
1,601
1,073
622
205
791
948
268
227
538
108
273
96
232
4,831
2,526
2,305
1,872
1,501
1
965
1
536 ............. 1
1,271
601
162
1,306
4
1
69
704
73
242
71
71
3
34
M
29
33
14
90
22
9
3
23
30
30
24
6
180
155
25
i
i
89
55
34
66
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 1 9 3 7
T a b l e B l l . — Disposition of boys’ delinquency cases by the courts in 8 States, 87
courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population, and 875 courts
that served areas with less than 100,000 population in 19 371
Total cases reported for certain
States *......... .........i___ . _______ 30,198 12,138
3,579
2,785
4,948
4,720
2,666
8,899
504
2,097
Connecticut___
Indiana_______
Massachusetts.
Michigan_____
Missouri______
New York____
Rhode Island..
Utah........... .
1,068
914
2,623
2,196
734
3, 577
423
603
574
16
24
326
92
70
46
Oà
>>3
bii
<
Other disposition of case
di vidual
Institution
Institution
I Agency or in
1
Referred
Commit
without
ted to—
commit
ment to—
Restitution, fine, or costs
ordered
Case dismissed or adjusted
Under temporary care of an
institution
, Agency or individual super
vising
Total
Area served by court
Probation officer supervis
ing
Child kept under Child not kept under supervision of
supervision of
court
court
Disposition not reported
! Case held open without further ac
tion
Boys ' delinquency cases
91 10,114 2,935 292
80
288
462
587 2,452 185
3 1,811
6 1,073
719
70 1,094
3 1,144
1 3,259
1
10
7 1,004
20
15
203
3
12
14
18
6
52
15
37
18
70
4
22
105
118
37
89 333
75 1,020
44 308 185
58 125
107 597 ____
1
9
206
253 13
7
303
411 30
444 31
406 16
959 191
70
4
89
96
32
Total cases reported for all areas.. 66,589 21,075 1,409 1,042 26, 850 5,743 561 304 1,211 1, 218 2,705 4,285 186
A reas
w ith
100,000
or more
P O P U L A T I O N . . . ________________
55,003 16,942 1,146 1,000 22,879 4,706 465 246 1,002
107
546
51
65
Alabama: Mobile County..
Arkansas: Pulaski County.
California:
2,139 l f 166
Los Angeles County_____
1,471
San Diego County............
117
San Francisco (city and
634
493
county)........ .......... .............
Connecticut:
213
Fairfield County;__________ 1,116
546
136
Hartford (city)......................
135
112
New Haven (city).............. .
District of Columbia_________ 1,271
651
514
Florida: Dade County_______
143
Georgia: Fulton County_____ 1,073
177
Indiana:
' 41
Allen County............... .........
58
180
72
Lake County______________
255
Marion County____________
907
St. Joseph County_________
348
39
41
Vanderburgh County______
157
Iowa:
535
165
Polk County........... .............. .
102
697
Woodbury County_________
Louisiana:
259
26
Caddo Parish______________
124
693
Orleans Parish_____________
255
Maryland: Baltimore (city).... 2,287
Massachusetts:
Boston:
421
180
Boston (central section)..
Brighton.............................
40
13
32
Charlestown_____________
48
Dorchester_______________
186
78
254
142
East Boston_____________
R oxbury...........................
351
151
South Boston____________
146
86
West. Roxbury_____ ,____
101
40
289
107
5
3
143
32
4
1
18
272
30
44
328
88
391
750
89
31
24
59
30
714
358
37
155
118
143
24
19
25
76
141
276
1
59
212
278
70
16
25
86
15
26
10
6
294
549
42
15
1
11
55
91
1,701
110
186
246
5
9
3
4
65
43
41
14
26
111
20
4
4
11
8
30
4
12
15
2
11
139
52
244
2
11
26
6
28
4
1
1
18
1
757 2,316 3,539
.55
1
83
3
3
4
1
22
93
355
22
2
6
46
21
7
25
101
28
22
9
33
3
220
2
1
4
9
33
16
8
3
12
5
94
2
49
4
3
14
3
1
1
__
9
1
—
1
3
308
1...
.
6
Ï
14
9
1
2
1 ' 1
2
60
2
7
3
11
5
7
4
2
S
24
272 _____
1
4
207
19
8
26
56
119
37
20
46
1
1
1
3
5
1
2
1
2
5
4
9
3
2
5
1 Population according to 1930 census.
1 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
SOURCE TABLES, JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T
67
B l l .— Disposition o f boys’ delinquency cases by the courts in 8 States 87
courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population, and 375 courts
that served areas with less than 100,000 population in 1937— Continued
able
Boys’ delinquency cases
LR E A S
W IT H
1 0 0 ,0 0 0
OR
Disposition not reported
Case held open without fui
tion
Other disposition of case
Restitution, fine, or costs !
ordered
Agency or in
dividual
Insitution
Agency or in
dividual 1
.Referred
Commit without
ted to— commit
ment to—
Institution
Case dismissed or adjusted
[ Under temporary care of an
institution
Agency or individual super
vising
Total
Area served by court
Probation officer supervis
ing
Child kept under
Child not kept under supervision of 03
supervision of
I*
court
<D
court
¿3
M O RE
p o p u l a t i o n — Continued.
Massachusetts— Continued.
East Norfolk district
First district of eastern Middlesex___ _
Lawrence district.
Lowell district
Second district of Bristol...
Somerville district
Southern Essex district
Springfield district...
Third district of Bristol.
Third district of eastern
Middlesex
Michigan:
Genesee County . .
Ingham County..
Kent County. .
Oakland County
Saginaw County.
Wayne County.. _
Minnesota:
Hennepin County...
Ramsey County___ .
Missouri: Jackson County
New Jersey:
Hudson County.
New York:
Albany County__________
Broome County____ .
Chautauqua County____
Dutchess County_____ _
Erie County____________
Monroe County______
Nassau County........
New York (city)______
Niagara County____
Oneida County_____
Onondaga County.........
Orange County______
Rensselaer County___
Schnectady County..
Suffolk County______
Westchester County.. .
Ohio:
Franklin County
Hamilton County.
Lucas County___
Mahoning County
Montgomery County______
Trumbull County___
Oklahoma:
Tulsa (city)______________
Tulsa County (exclusive of
Tulsa city)______ _________
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
151
46
86
7
214
103
139
179
78
120
174
179
135
82
87
140
56
73
57
143
16
14
5
5
58
14
17
13
18
13
8
17
206
115
35
13
O
106
12
158
149
66
395
33
2
26
27
17
241
1
2
1
17
21
31
478
38
30
178
2
185
14
3
193
3
25
10
3Q6
43
17
1 1,812
62
75
8
4
90
52
2
54
26
14
20
8
38
11
459
11
30
21
5
14
22
12
24
10
4
1
2
8
9
4
440
8 1,385
2
301
10 1,063
11
465
72
224
84
39
23
38
31
22
4
32
2
2
1
9
12
1
44
9
6
429
51
54
38
459
149
240
3
190
95
2,112 1,267
178
25
56
62
2
13
1
231
31
1,073
391
1,003
481
292
315
1
455
213
11
360
91
135
81
167
1
66
39
889
222
172
81
142
95
4,193 1,794
183
45
211
106
403
276
41
7
159
27
148
58
90
68
292
179
1,051
2,556
691
1, 536
839
423
474
342
123
118
158
35
111
37
47'
4
5
10
9
9
28
11
1
3
1
9
9
1
5
21
4
11
2
15
__ _
I-----
2
57
3
172
¿1
4
3
2
5
290
21
1
3
8
4
4
30
26
5
3
10
4
9
16
1
1
8
1
1
—
—
—
—
30
4
6
19
63 —
—
1
49 —
3
2
14 I t e
1
—
7
21
1
6
3 ___
336
24
58
37
---—
33
1
13
7
1
7
SÉÉ1Ì!
81
18
17
8
___
68
T
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 19 8 7
B l l . — Disposition of boys’ delinquency cases by the courts in 8 States, 78
courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population, and 375 courts
that served areas with less than 100,000 population in 1937— Continued
able
Boys’ delinquency cases
Child kept under Child not kept under supervision of
supervision of
court
court
Referred
Commit without
ted to— commit
ment to—
Area served by court
.5 O'
"O'S
o-g
as
w ith 100,000 or more
population —Continued.
Oregon:
556
Multnomah County-...........
Pennsylvania:
1,123
Allegheny County— ....... 106
Berks County—........ —.........
94
Montgomery C o u n ty...—
Philadelphia ( c i t y a n d
4,693
county)...... .........
211
Rhode Island: Sixth district.
South Carolina:
Greenville County................
Tennessee:
Memphis (city)..................... 1,315
959
Utah: Third district...........—
537
Virginia: Norfolk (city)---------Washington:
158
Pierce County-------------------*
434
Spokane County.------------- -W isconsin: M i l w a u k e e
4,218
County----------------------——-
*9
A reas
207
234
564
60
69
289
258
21
973
177
2, 505
434
28
198
244
164
736
606
173
143
36
45
7
7
57
172
37
58
19
2,823
114
139
A re as w ith less than 100,00a
POPULATION...... .........- - .........L 11,586 4,133
50,000less than 100,000-----------Less than 50,000-------------------Population group not re
ported---------------------- ---------
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
20
263
42 3,971 1,037
4,475 1,502
4,313 1,746
1,513
1,338
885
1,120
2,798
318
356
41
58
502
34 .
209
461
389
746
122
35
192
242
183
134
338 156
284 25
52
27
72
69
SOURCE TABLES, JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T
B 1 2 .— D is p o s itio n o f girls’ d elin q u en cy cases b y the courts i n 8 S ta tes, 8 7
courts that served sp ecified areas with 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore p o p u la tio n , a nd 8 7 5 courts
that served areas with less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la tio n i n 1 9 3 7 1
able
Girls’ delinquency cases
C h ild k e p t u n d e r
s u p e r v is io n o f
C h ild n o t k e p t u n d e r su p e rv is io n
o f c o u rt
c o u rt
s
a
u
V
ts
©
a
fe
bo
a
3
m
o
u
Total cases reported for certain
States 2. . ______ 1.......................... .
Connecticut________________
Indiana........... . . ......................
Massachusetts______________
Michigan__ ____________ ____
Missouri____________________
New York........... .....................
Rhode Island___________ ___
Utah___________ ____________
5 ,1 6 2
1 ,6 9 3
115
441
84
297
231
3
25
282
41
140
10
21
968
497
735
696
1 ,4 0 4
72
349
480
63
m ent
to—
m
a
o
a
#o
'a
26
18
1
15
7
889
©
o
o
fcg
a >
a
s u 'd
< 9
1
.2
ft
> 9
a
.2 8
'S
jU
t
©
-a
a
©
Pi
O
166
17
90
27
207
14
3
4
51
3
1
35
93
167
320
71
73
108:
83
144
294
361
116
162
312
7
8
13
89
5
4
116
28
8
2
116
bo a
◄ •9
S
56 1 ,4 7 3
2
o a
a
K g
o t
a.5
a
I
Sa ' 0©
< a *-4
o ä
ft
a
**
m it t e d
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s j j
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■ ** Ö
Ut ä
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a
C o m
C3
° a
'S a
£ .5
o
Eh
CO
R e f e r r e d 'S
w it h o u t ©
c o m m i t - Ut
G§
©
Area served by court
13
21
7
3
6
i
15
29
14
3
16
10
3
1
3
16
15
358
71
__
6
74
82 . . . .
32 71
26 . . . .
114 . . . _
24
"""
Total cases reported for all areas.. .
1 2 ,0 9 9
3 ,3 9 1
350
353 3 ,8 0 0 1 ,6 4 9
282
81
459
65
831
767)
71
AREAS
W IT H
100,000 OK M O R E
P O P U L A T IO N _______________ __________
9 ,7 2 0
2 ,7 7 2
304
329 3 ,0 9 5 1 ,2 1 7
228
61
397
36
662
611
8
18
221
1
1
30
8
6
81
529
287
305
19
64
67
60
46
124
22
9
161
58
5
57
10
92
74
33
23
10
10
7
2
4
20
23
12
18
6
Alabama: Mobile County______
Arkansas: Pulaski County______
California:
Los Angeles County__________
San Diego County____________
San
Francisco
(city and
county)_____________________
•Connecticut:
Fairfield County____________
Hartford (city)________________
New Haven (city;)___________
District of Columbia____________
Florida: Dade County__________
Georgia: Fulton County________
Indiana:
Allen County________ ________
Lake County_________________
Marion County_______________
St. Joseph County_________ . . .
Vanderburgh County_________
Iowa:
Polk County__________________
Woodbury County______ _____
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish________ ________
Orleans Parish________________
Maryland: Baltimore (city)_____
Massachusetts:
Boston:
Boston (central section)_____
Brighton____________________
Charlestown______ _________
Dorchester___________ : _____
East Boston________________
Roxbury____________________
South Boston_____ _________
West Roxbury_____ ________
2
22
16
12
2
2
160
90
177
68
36
22
41
30
56
38
7
61
9
3
7
1
1
1
55
175
131
18
20
2
139
34
29
3
2
176
90
3
18
7
19
3
9
3
1
4
4
....
69
129
22
8
1
1
7
2
38
3
1
10
2
2
1
3
4
4
14
8
1
11
45
2
16
12
29
2
1
8
18
4
35 . . . .
2
15
5
3
5
6
1
49
1
1
90
1
43
5
10
28
19
85
36
60
10
51
22
9
3
18
30
112
106
231
4
12
3
17
54
44
1
13
16
1
1
8
2
15
23
3
1
1
3
2
....
9
3
4
1
14
3
3
2
2
3
2
3
11
2
..
10
1
______
1
2
1
2
4
1
i Population according to 1930 census.
1 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
70
T
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 19 3 7
B 1 2 .— D is p o s itio n o f girls’ d elin q u en cy cases b y the courts in 8 Sta tes, 8 7
courts that served sp ecified areas with 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore p o p u la tio n , and 8 7 5 courts
that served areas w ith less than 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la tio n i n 1 9 3 7 — Continued
able
Girls’ delinquency cases
Area served by court
Child kept under
supervision of
court
k
Child not kept under supervision A
of court
H
a
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or
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08
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mitted
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m ore
p o p u l a t i o n — Continued.
M assacbusetts— C ontinued.
Central district of Worcester.. _
East Norfolk district__________
F ir s t d is t r ic t of eastern
Middlesex______________ ____
Lawrence district_____________
Lowell district.________________
Second district of Bristol______
Somerville district _________ L
Southern Essex district. _ ____
Springfield district____________
Third district of Bristol_______
T h ir d d is t r ic t o f eastern
Middlesex__________________
Michigan:
Genesee County ____ ________
Ingham County_______________
Kent County. ______________
Oakland County______________
Saginaw County______________
Wayne County.. ......................
Minnesota:
Hennepin County_____________
Ramsey C o u n ty .____ ________
Missouri: Jackson County______
New Jersey: Hudson County___
New York:
Albany County_______________
Broome County_______ _______
Chautauqua C ounty_________
Dutchess County........ .......... .
Erie County__ ________________
Monroe County_______________
Nassau County_______________
New York (city)_______ ____ _
Niagara County..... .....................
Oneida County________________
Onondaga County.. _________
Orange County.. ____________
Rensselaer County____________
Schenectady County_________
Suffolk County. _ ___________
Westchester County. _______
Ohio:
Franklin County. ________
Hamilton County_________
Lucas County_______
____
Mahoning County____________
Montgomery County.
_____
Trumbull County__
____
Oklahoma:
Tulsa (city)-------------- ------------Tulsa County (exclusive of
Tulsa city)__________________
Oregon; Multnomah County____
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
41
11
21
5
4
5
15
13
16
19
5
6
18
14
11
9
4
13
4
3
1
4
1
3
1
8
13
24
13
105
10
62
65
30
195
5
6
21
25
13
110
183
71
313
78
92
27
91
43
96
29
21
21
96
26
27
565
20
44
71
3
48
18
4
59
12
1
27
4
3
1
5
2
56
29
3
4
7
2
8
5
8
287
5
15
42
1
2
8
28
8
101
40
24
119
35
1
4
10
2
51
13
1
Ì8
7
1
2
1
18
22
4
14
2
3
2
7
139
17
9
4
62
9
2
2
64
1
1
4
19
11
4
125
2
24
11
8
4
7
18
9
83
259
62
203
71
34
1
¿5
2
1
15
4
4
4
3
43
h
132
4
5
2
3
10
8
2
6
36
18
g
11
12
3
1
4
5
1
1
1
2
2
3
5
2
2
3
6
22
1
4
11
23
3
5
5
9
7
2
23
3
1
4
1
H
4
i
1
14
8
19
1
2
2
5
15
5
2
12
6
1
2
10
1
5
5
5
2
4
3
l
31
8
3 " 1
45
9
13
11
93
2
19
20
17
1
35
3
9
15
3
5
4
1
3
2
2
2
5
1
2
7
2
1
5
4
51
30
1
248
604
169
433
17£
59
17
116
h
1
1
__
Ï
4
15
1
15
10
__
SOURCE TABLES, JUVEETLE-COURT STATISTICS
71
B12.— Disposition o f girls’ delinquency cases by the courts in 8 States 87
courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population, and 875 courts
that served areas with less than 100,000 population in 1987— Continued
T able
A bbas
w it h
1 0 0 ,0 0 0
ok
Disposition not reported
Other disposition of case
Case held open without further
action
Institution
Agency or
individual
1 Institution i
Agency or
individual
Restitution, fine, or costs
ordered
Case dismissed or ad
justed
Under temporary care of
an institution
Referred
without
commit
rnent
to—
Com
mitted
to—
moke
p o p u l a t i o n — Continued.
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County____________
Berks County...'______________
Montgomery County._________
Philadelphia (city and county) _
Rhode Island: Sixth District____
S ou th C a ro lin a : Greenville
County________________ ______
Tennessee: Memphis (city)_____
Utah: Third district____________
Virginia: Norfolk (city)_________
Washington:
Pierce County_______________ _
Spokane County______________
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County..
A r e a s w i t h l e s s t h a n 1 0 0 ,0 0 0
P O PU LA TIO N ............................................ ..
50,000, less than 100,000................
Less than 50,000_____ ____ ______
Population group not reported...
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Child not kept under supervision
of court
Agency or individual
supervising
Total
Area served by court
Child kept under
supervision of
court
Probation officer super
vising
Girls’ delinquency cases
189
9
9
639
24
67
2
7
167
17
33
286
114
85
5
25
36
19
69
104
613
7
2
163
12
7
2,379
619
46
913
586
880
239
177
203
19
9
18
1
2
2
1
3
1
8
32
227
86
2
2
67
6
24
141
52
33
38
13
9
14
21
268
19
22
31
24
705
3
4
17
218
159
328
4
6
1
1
•2
51
5
1
8
107
21
1
35
8
1
18
5
16
44
49
5
5
2
2
3
1
432
54
20
129
122
181
23
14
17
7
5
8
34
Ï
4— -
—
:
62 ■29 169 156
63
34
10
18
46
17
16
11
2
86
29
54
93
29
34
72
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS,
19 3 7
T a b l e B 13. — Previous court experience of boys dealt with in delinquency cases dis
posed of by the courts in 1 State, Jf9 courts that served specified areas with 100,000
or more population, and 8 courts that served areas with less than 100,000 population
in 1987 1
Boys’ delinquency cases
Area served by court
Previous
court ex
perience
Total
1,453
30,991
324
46,343
107
16,036
29,983
324
10
97
2,139
1,471
634
240
505
159
1,899
966
474
1,116
546
1,271
514
1,073
281
170
510
147
475
835
376
761
367
598
58
180
907
348
157
535
11
26
370
15
67
40
47
154
537
333
90
173
259
693
2,287
77
241
1,097
182
452
1,190
459
240
2,112
168
85
774
291
155
1,337
1,073
391
455
286
119
169
787
272
286
889
172
4,193
403
159
292
257
17
882
114
69
19
632
155
3,311
289
90
273
1,051
2, 556
691
1,536
839
627
1,480
172
573
336
424
1,076
519
963
503
111
47
556
52
11
209
59
36
347
1 123
106
94
4 692
186
1 315
959
537
233
55
18
1,802
' 63
569
294
202
890
51
76
2,891
123
746
665
335
158
434
4, 218
38
137
1,765
120
297
2,453
1,545
537
395
142
1,008
2,097
47,888
A
r e a s w it h
100,000
o r m o r e p o p u l a t io n - :
Alabama: Mobile County----------------------California:
Los Angeles County----------------------------San Diego County------------------------------San Francisco (city and county) ---------Connecticut:
Fairfield County------------------------- --------Hartford (city)—---------------------------------1
District of Columbia_________________
Florida: Dade County---------------------------Georgia: Fulton County------------------------Indiana:
Allen County-------------------- ----------------Lake County--------------------------------------Marion C ounty---------------------------------St. Joseph County-----------------------------Vanderburgh County--------------------------Iowa: Polk County.------------------------------Louisiana:
Caddo Parish--------------------------------------Orleans Parish_______ : -----------------------Maryland: Baltimore (city)-------------------Michigan:
Kent County--------------------------------------Oakland County---------------------------------Wayne County---------------------- ------------Minnesota:
Hennepin County-------------------------------Ramsey County---------------------- ------- New Jersey: Hudson County----------------New York:
Erie County---------------------------------------Monroe County----------------------------------New York (city)--------------------------------Onondaga County-------------------------Rensselaer County------------------------------Westchester County---------------------------Ohio:
Franklin County--------------------------------Hamilton County-------------------------------Lucas County-------------------------------------Mahoning County------------------------------Montgomery County-------------------------Oklahoma:
Tulsa (city)----------- -----------------------: —
Tulsa County (exclusive of Tulsa city)
Oregon: Multnomah County----------------Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County-----------------------------Berks County------------------------------------Montgomery County------------------------Philadelphia (city and county)----------South Carolina: Greenville County------Tennessee: Memphis (city)------------------Utah: Third district___________________
Virginia: Norfolk (city)------------------------Washington:
Pierce County-----------------------------------Spokane County--------------------------------Wisconsin: Milwaukee County------------A
r e a s w it h l e s s t h a n
100,000
p o p u l a t io n .
50,000, less than 100,000..
Less than 50,000-----------
Previous
court experi. enee not
reported
16,573
Total cases reported for a State:a Utah------Total cases reported for all areas------------
’ 527
644
No previous
court ex
perience
1
322
1
_____ ___________
-
623
385
1 Population according to 1930 census.
A ',
,
, ,
_ „„ " a«,
2 AH figures for the State for which a total is given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or
more population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
73
SOURCE TABUES, JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T
B14.— Previous court experience of girls dealt with in delinquency cases dis
posed of by the courts in 1 State, 1^9 courts that served specified areas with 100,000
or more population, and 8 courts that served areas with less than 100,000 vovulation
in 19 871
able
Girls’ delinquency cases
Area served by court
Previous
court
experience
Total
No previous
court
experience
Total cases reported for a State: Utah2
Total cases reported for all areas _
349
110
239
8,438
1,745
6,611
A reas
8 ,1 1 1
6,389
18
1,640
3
529
287
161
29
67
2
500
220
159
92
74
160
90
177
18
g
41'
22
57
74
66
119
68
120
56
55
175
131
54
139
7
8
27
10
7
10
49
47
148
121
47
47
90
106
231
13
14
56
77
92
175
62
65
195
8
6
12
54
59
183
183
71
78
18
4
34
165
67
44
96
26
565
71
48
59
18
3
63
2
11
2
78
23
502
69
37
57
248
604
169
433
179
83
175
26
208
48
165
429
143
225
131
51
17
116
26
1
5
25
16
111
189
9
9
639
33
286
114
85
34
3
164
2
68
27
12
155
6
9
475
31
218
87
73
69
104
613
16
18
144
53
86
469
327
253
74
105
89
16
222
with
100,000
or hore population
Alabama: Mobile County
California:
Los Angeles County............
San Diego County__________________
San Francisco (city and county)
Connecticut:
Fairfield County_____________________
Hartford (city)____ _____
District of Columbia.. .
Florida: Dade County___
Georgia: Fulton County____ _
. _•
Indiana:
Allen County_____________________________
Lake County_________________
Marion County_______________________
St. Joseph County________________________
Vanderburgh County___________ _
Iowa: Polk County___
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish_______ _______
Orleans Parish____________________________ •
Maryland: Baltimore (city)______ . ______
Michigan:
Kent County_______ ___________________
Oakland County________
_____________
Wayne County_________ _____
_________
Minnesota:
Hennepin County________________________
Ramsey County____________________ _ . . .
New Jersey: Hudson County____________ _
New York:
Erie County__________ ______ .
... ...
Monroe County___________________________
New York (city)__________________________
Onondaga County______________ . .
Rensselaer County________________________
Westchester County_____________________
Ohio:
Franklin County_____ ___________________
Hamilton County _______________________
Lucas County________________ ____________
Mahoning County__________________ ______
Montgomery County________________ _____
Oklahoma:
Tulsa (city)_____________ __________________
Tulsa County (exclusive of Tulsa city)..
Oregon: Multnomah County_______________
Pennsylvania:
Allegheny County_________ _ _ . _______
Berks C o u n ty______________ __
. . . ____
Montgomery County_______ . . . __________
Philadelphia (city and county)___ . . . . .
South Carolina: Greenville County. . _____
Tennessee: Memphis (city)______ . . .
Utah: Third district___ _____________________
Virginia: Norfolk (city)_____________________
Washington:
Pierce County._. ________________________
Spokane County. ________________________
Wisconsin: Milwaukee County_____________
w i t h l e s s t h a n 100,000 p o p u l a t i o n ___
50,000, less than 100,000.______ __
Less than 50,000. ___ __ ___________________
Areas
Previous
court
experience
not reported
82
82
15
82
164
58
1 Population according to 1930 census.
2 All figures for the State for which a total is given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and included in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
74
T
CHILDREN IN TH E COURTS,
193 7
B15.— M anner o f handling delinquency cases disposed of by the courts in
8 States, 87 courts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population,
and 375 courts that served areas with less than 100,000 population in 1937 1
able
Delinquency cases
Delinquency cases
Area served by court
Area served by court
Total Official Unoffi
cial
Total cases reported for
certain States 2_ . _______ 335,360 27,028
Connecticut____ _
Indiana____________
Massachusetts______
4,020 1,662
3, 753 1,462
5,445 5,445
5,455 5,455
3 3,362
' 893
New Y o r k . .______ _• 10,303 10,290
Rhode I s l a n d ..____
576
576
Utah________________
2,446 1,245
Total cases reported for all
areas____________________ 3 78,688 50.470
A reas with 100,000 or
MORE POPULATION____ 364,723 41,652
—
A l a b a m a : M obile
County . . .
________
125
125
A r k a n s a s : Pulaski
County_______________
767
377
California:
Los Angeles County___ 2,668 2,668
San Diego County______
1,758 1,085
San Francisco (city and
county)____ ______ _
795
795
Connecticut:
Fairfield County______
1,208
305
Hartford (city)_______
620
266
New Haven (city)_____
197
197
District of Columbia____
1,431 1,431
Florida: Dade County...
604
604
Georgia: Fulton County.
1,250 1,083
Indiana:
Allen C ounty________
114
60
Lake County_________
235
93
Marion County_______
1,082
615
St. Joseph C o u n ty ___
479
59
Vanderburgh County..
211
54
Iowa: Polk County_____
674
270
Woodbury County___
873
104
Louisiana:
Caddo Parish__ . . . . . .
349
341
Orleans Parish________
799
799
M a r y l a n d : Baltimore
2,518 2, 518
Massachusetts:
Boston:
Boston (central section)._.
-------•
—
511
511
Brighton.. ___ _ ..
41
41
Charlestown. .
52
52
Dorchester__________
208
208
East Boston________
263
263
Roxbury____________
394
394
South Boston_____ _
164
164
West Roxbury______
108
108
Central
district of
Worcester___________
330
330
East Norfolk district. . .
162
162
First district of Eastern Middlesex______
229
229
Lawrence district_____
116
116
Lowell district________
155
155
Second
district
of
Bristol_____ ______
198
198
Somerville district____
83
83
7,016
2,358
2,291
Total Official Unoffi
cial
A reas with 100,000 or
MORE POPULATION—
Continued.
Massachusetts— C ontd.
Southern Essex district
Springfield district___
1,153
13
126
192
Third district of Eastern Middlesex__ ..
Michigan:
Genesee County______
Ingham County___ _
Kent C o u n ty ._______
Oakland County______
Saginaw County______
Wayne C o u n ty_____
Minnesota:
Hennepin County____
1,201
26,902
21.755
193
193
230
230
534
64
521
305
220
2,307
534
64
521
305
220
2,307
1, 256
462
1,256
462
1,316
0)
M i s s o u r i : Jackson
390
New Jersey: H udson
New York:
Albany C ounty______
673
,
903
354
167
54
142
467
420
157
404
769
8
Chautauqua County...
Dutchess County_____
Erie C ounty_________
Monroe County______
Nassau County_______
New York (city)______
Niagara County.. ___
Oneida County______
Onondaga County____
Rensselaer County____
Schenectady County ..
Suffolk County.____ __
Westchester County...
Ohio:
Franklin County_____
Hamilton County.. . _
Mahoning County. _
126
192
633
533
456
164
188
87
985
198
169
4,758
' 203
255
474
44
207
166
94
351
456
164
188
87
985
198
169
4, 758
203
255
474
44
207
166
94
338
13
1,299
3; 160
625
129
674
3,031
_
1,969
172
1,797
Trumbull County____
Oklahoma:
Tulsa (city)_______ __
Tulsa County (exclusive of Tulsa city). .
482
367
116
162
162
Philadelphia (city and
Rhode Island: Sixth district. _____________ _
(city)----------------- ---------
64
23
41
672
186
486
103
103
5, 332
2,018
235
235
3,314
219
141
78
1,601
803
798
553
Virginia: Norfolk (city)..
'622
622
1 Population according to 1930 census.
2 All figures for the States for which totals are given are also shown by courts for areas with 100,000 or more
population and meluded in the group total for areas with less than 100,000 population.
3 Includes 1,316 cases for 1 court that did not report official and unofficial cases separately.
* Not separately reported.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
SOURCE TABLES, JUVENILE-COURT STATISTICS
T
B15.— Manner of handling delinquency cases disposed of by the courts in
8 j jft » 87 cour1ts that served specified areas with 100,000 or more population
and 375 courts that served areas with less than 100,000 population in 1937—
Continued
able
Delinquency cases
Area served by court
Total Official Unoffi
cial
A
75
reas
w it h
MORE
100,000
or
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Total Official Unoffi
cial
A reas
POPULATION—
Continued.
Washington:
Pierce County______
Spokane County
Wisconsin: Milwaukee
County___________
Delinquency cases
Area served by court
w it h
less
than
100,000 POPULATION____
227
538
146
213
81
325
4,831
976
3,855
50,000, less than 100,000.
Population group
reported________
not
13,965
8,818
5,147
5,388
4,899
3,441
3,903
1,947
3,678
1,474
2,204
PART II.— FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS FOR THE YEAR
ENDED JUNE 30, 1937
IN T R O D U C T IO N
This part of the report presents information concerning the juveniles
under 19 years of age charged with violating Federal laws and brought
to the attention of Federal authorities during the year ended June 30,
1937.1 Cases of children charged with violating Federal laws who
were dealt with by juvenile courts are not included here. In some
communities serious violations of Federal laws as well as many minor
violations are handled by the juvenile courts. Such cases were in
cluded in the figures presented in part I, Juvenile-Court Statistics.
The number of cases of children dealt with by the Federal courts is
influenced by several factors, as is indicated on page 79.
The data presented in part II regarding Federal juvenile offenders
are not comparable to the data presented in part I, Juvenile-Court.
Statistics, because the information for juvenile-court statistics is
assembled from one source, namely, cases disposed of, whereas sta
tistics for Federal juvenile offenders are assembled from four differ
ent sources, each representing a different stage in the handling of the
case. It has been necessary, therefore, to present the material in four
sections according to the source of the reports received, each section
presenting information regarding some particular aspect in the treat
ment of the juvenile offenders. The first section, Federal juvenile
offenders brought to the attention of United States probation officers,
includes data on the geographical distribution, movement, and dis
position of cases; the second section, Federal juvenile offenders re
ceived in jails and held pending trial, includes information concern
ing the age and sex of the offenders; the third section, Federal juvenile
offenders discharged from detention after being held pending trial,
includes data on the place and length of detention and the type of
discharge from detention; and the fourth section, Federal juvenile
offenders placed on probation and those received under sentence in
jails and in Federal institutions, presents material regarding the types
of offenses.
FEDERAL JUVENILE O FFEN D E R S B R O U G H T T O T H E A T T E N T IO N OF
U N ITE D ST A TE S P R O B A T IO N OFFICERS 2
Information available for the year ended June 30, 1937, regarding
Federal juvenile offenders brought to the attention of United States
probation officers, includes the movement of cases, the geographical
distribution of cases, and the disposition of cases.
1 The data in this section of the report are based upon reports received in the Bureau of Prisons of the
United States Department of Justice from United States probation officers, from United States marshals,
and from institutions that received Federal offenders by court commitment.
'
2 The Federal judicial districts covered by the statistics of Federal juvenile offenders for the year ended
June 30, 1937, included Puerto Rico and 79 of the 84 Federal judicial districts in the United states. Sta
tistics of cases from the five districts not covered, where no probation officer was on duty during the year,
are included with those reported by other districts whenever the offenders were referred to United States
probation officers in the adjoining districts. Reports of the District of Columbia are not included, since
the administrative relationship of the District of Columbia courts to the Department of Justice difiers
from that of other Federal courts.
76
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
77
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS
Reports from the United States probation officers indicate that
2.957 cases of juveniles under 19 years of age charged with violation
of Federal laws came to their attention during the year ended June
30, 1937. This number is 10 percent higher than the number (2,693)
reported for the year ended June 30, 1936, and 18 percent higher
than the number (2,501) for the year ended June 30, 1935. Of the
2.957 cases handled during 1937, 2,499 (85 percent) were new cases,
and 458 were cases that had been carried over from the preceding
year. Of the total number of cases, 2,501 (85 percent) were disposed
of and 456 were carried over to the next fiscal year (table 1).
T a b l e 1.— Total cases and movement of cases of Federal juvenile offenders brought to
the attention of United States 'probation officers in each Federal judicial district
during the year ended June 30, 1937
Oases brought to the attention of United States probation
officers
Federal judicial district1
Cases car
Cases dis Cases not
ried over
New cases posed of disposed of
from pre
during year June 30,
vious year
1937
Total
Alabama:
Middle
__________ _____________
Arkansas:
California:
458
2,499
2,501
456
87
38
32
92
9
3
3
11
78
35
29
81
76
29
24
74
11
9
8
18
60
64
8
42
52
22
42
45
18
19
23
29
24
5
21
29
22
4
2
1
2
1
23
30
24
5
Florida:
Georgia:
Middle
2,957
___________________________
Illinois:
Indiana:
Iowa:
Kentucky:
Louisiana:
Michigan:
1
20
58
4
11
16
47
17
49
3
9
94
61
59
8
28
19
9
66
42
50
8
80
53
55
8
14
8
4
39
20
22
2
1
2
37
19
20
35
15
17
4
5
5
15
27
4
15
23
14
26
1
1
3
5
11
3
3
5
8
3
5
9
2
130
45
12
5
118
40
117
44
13
1
24
61
19
29
14
4
13
1
1
8
20
48
18
28
6
17
59
18
27
6
7
2
1
2
8
24
14
35
38
3
10
10
10
15
18
3
16
2
Minnesota___________________ ___________
1 Exclusive of the following districts in which there was no United States probation officer on duty during
the year ended June 30, 1937: Delaware, Ohio (northern), Utah, West Virginia (northern), and Wisconsin
(eastern); however, a large proportion of the Federal juvenile offenders in these districts are regularly referred
to the United States probation officers in adjoining districts.
176986°—40-----6
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
78
T
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 193 7
1.-— Total cases and movement of cases of Federal juvenile offenders brought to
the attention of United States probation officers in each Federal judicial district
during the year ended June SO, 1937— Continued
able
Cases brought to the attention of United States probation
officers
Federal judicial district
Mississippi:
Missouri:
New York:
North Carolina:
Middle
--
________________
Ohio:
Oklahoma:
Pennsylvania:
Middle_____
______________________
South Carolina:
Tennessee:
Texas:
Virginia:
Washington:
West Virginia:
Wisconsin:
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Cases not
Cases dis
posed of disposed of
during year June 30,
1937
Cases car
ried over
from pre
vious year
New cases
26
86
3
22
23
64
16
71
10
15
59
67
5
3
10
2
21
38
3
5
3
56
62
2
3
9
2
17
32
51
57
5
2
9
2
19
31
8
10
25
20
31
36
3
1
5
22
20
30
31
24
16
27
27
1
4
4
9
35
60
47
6
7
13
4
35
53
34
2
32
51
39
5
3
9
8
1
46
4
42
34
12
21
62
50
8
3
6
10
1
18
56
40
7
17
50
36
8
4
12
14
20
13
51
1
3
3
8
17
10
43
1
20
12
45
1
1
6
65
16
15
12
2
5
53
13
10
42
15
13
23
54
43
33
6
25
6
48
18
27
52
18
29
2
25
4
51
54
59
207
5
3
21
16
3
48
33
43
204
5
47
40
49
201
4
4
14
10
6
1
19
56
5
2
14
54
15
54
4
2
19
15
1
1
18
14
16
14
3
1
96
9
87
71
25
10
4
3
2
8
4
3
6
4
3
4
Total
1
4
6
.
1
1
2
7
2
79
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS
T a b l e 2.— Population 15 to 18 years o f age, inclusive,1 in 1930, and total cases and
movement of cases of Federal juvenile offenders brought to the attention of United
States probation officers in each geographic division during the year ended June
SO, 1937
Cases brought to the attention of United States probation
officers
Cases
carried
over from New cases
previous
year
Percent dis
tribution
Number
Percent dis- 1
tribution
100
456
100
23
88
19
589
24
578
23
99
22
6
20
19
11
46
217
227
187
2
7
8
6
9
27
29
23
2
6
6
5
37
190
198
164
1
8
8
7
35
190
192
161
1
8
8
6
11
27
35
26
2
6
8
6
Number
458
677
Number
IS
100
56
Percent dis
tribution
100 2,957
Number
Number
Cases not
disposed
of June
30, 1937
Percent dis
tribution
Cases dis
posed of
during
year
1
Number
Geographic division
Percent distribution
Total
Percent dis- i
tribution |
Population 15
to 18 years of
age 1 in 1930
T otal8________________
9,443,360
4 northern divisions_________
5, 260,065
New England_______. . .
Middle Atlantic________
East North Central_____
West North Central____
577,560
1,890, 268
1, 792,015
1,000,222
3 southern divisions_________
3, 225, 781
South Atlantic1............... 1, 335, 684
East South Central_____
856,673
West South Central____ 1,033,424
100 2,499
100 2,501
34 2,001
68
345
75 1,656
66 1,679
67
322
70
14
9
11
714
574
713
24
20
24
122
94
129
27
20
28
592
480
584
24
19
23
600
476
603
24
19
24
114
98
110
25
21
24
2 western divisions...............
803,118
8
276
9
25
6
251
10
241
10
35
8
Mountain____ _________
Pacific__________________
284,802
518,316
3
5
181
95
6
3
21
4
5
1
160
91
6
4
153
88
6
4
28
7
6
2
Puerto Rico___________ ____
154,396
2
3
3
(3)
3
(3)
(3)
1 Very few Federal juvenile offenders are under 15 years of age.
* Excludes the District of Columbia because the administrative relation of the District of Columbia
courts to the Department of Justice differs from that of other Federal courts.
* Less than 1 percent.
The proportion of cases of Federal juvenile offenders brought to the
attention of United States probation officers in each of the geographic
divisions of the United States is shown in table 2. Almost one-fourth
(23 percent) of the cases were reported by the four northern divisions,
in which the population 15 to 18 years of age comprises 56 percent of
the population of these ages in the continental United States and
Puerto Rico. On the other hand, 68 percent of the total number of
cases were in Federal judicial districts in the three southern divisions
that include only 34 percent of the population. The proportion of
cases from the two western divisions was approximately the same as
the proportion of the population included in those areas. The variation
in the number of Federal juvenile offenders in the different geographic
divisions may be accounted fo r ‘in part by the variations in State
facilities for juvenile-court and probation work. Where such facilities
have been well established the general practice has been to refer cases
of Federal juvenile offenders to the State courts for investigation and
disposition. Another factor influencing the number of Federal juvenile
offenders in the different geographic divisions is the age up to which the
State juvenile courts have jurisdiction.
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80
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 193 7
Table 3 gives the number and percentage distribution of cases
diverted to State authorities and of cases disposed of by Federal
authorities during the year ended June 30, 1937. A slightly smaller
percentage of cases of juveniles was diverted to State authorities
during that year than during the years ended June 30, 1936 or 1935
(7 percent as compared with 8 and 9 percent, respectively). The
small proportion of cases transferred to State authorities may be
attributed largely to the following factors: (1) State facilities for the
care of juveniles are lacking or inadequate in many localities; (2) in
localities where adequate facilities do exist, they are frequently not
available for the older juveniles, especially those 18 years of age, who
make up a large percentage of the Federal offenders; these older
juveniles, therefore, in many cases can be handled more effectively
by Federal than by State courts; (3) Federal probation service is
frequently preferable to the use of the available State facilities^ and,
likewise, the facilities available to the Federal Government for insti
tutional treatment are often superior to those available to the States.
T a b l e 3.— Disposition of cases of Federal juvenile offenders brought to the attention
of United States probation officers during the year ended June SO, 1937
Federal juvenile
offenders
Disposition of case
Number
Percent
distri
bution
2,501
100
182
2,319
7
93
Dismissed, no-billed, nol-prossed, juvenile found not guilty.
Dismissed by United States Commissioner....................
No-billed by grand jury......... .... ............ ............. .............
Nol-prossed by United States attorney------------------------Juvenile found not guilty............................. ...................—
399
105
144
117
33
16
4
6
5
1
Juvenile placed on probation........................................................
To United States probation officer—no other disposition.
After serving term........................................................
Plus deportation_______________________________ ______—
835
741
23
71
33
29
1
3
Juvenile fined...................
Juvenile committed____
1 year or less________
More than 1 year___
19
836
338
498
34
14
Other disposition of case.
230
9
Total cases_________________
Diverted to State authorities-------Disposed of by Federal authorities.
1
20
Consequently it has become apparent that the Federal juvenile
offender problem can be solved to only a limited degree by the diver
sion of juveniles to the States.3
3
In recognition of this situation and in order to provide for improvement in the methods of dealing with the
large proportion of juvenile offenders that cannot be diverted to State authorities, a Federal Juvenile De
linquency Act was passed by Congress and was signed by the President on June 16, 1938. This act applies
to persons 17 years of age or under who commit Federal offenses not punishable by death or life imprisonment.
The purpose is to do away with long jail detention, to make possible prompt and private hearings, and to
broaden the possibilities for disposition and treatment.
A
,, . ... ,.
.
Under this act the Attorney General may direct, with the consent of the juvenile, the institution of pro
ceedings on a charge of juvenile delinquency, rather than iox a specific offense. Proceedings on a charge
of juvenile delinquency may be initiated by the filing of an information instead of by grand-jury indictment.
Hearings shall be without a jury and may be held at any time and in chambers. The Attorney General is
authorized to provide for the detention of juveniles in a juvenile home or other suitable place. A juvenile
“ found guilty” of juvenile delinquency may be placed on probation or committed to the custody of the
Attorney General, who may designate a public or private agency for his custody, care, subsistence, education,
and training.
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FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS
81
Of the 2,501 cases of juveniles brought to the attention of United
States probation officers and disposed of during the year ended June
30, 1937, the juveniles in 34 percent of the cases were committed to
institutions— 20 percent with periods of commitment exceeding 1 year
and 14 percent with periods of commitment of 1 year or less. In 33
percent of the cases the juvenile was placed on probation. Cases
dismissed, no-billed, nol-prossed, and cases in which the juvenile was
found not guilty constituted 16 percent of the total cases.
There was a slightly larger percentage of cases in 1937 than in 1936
in which the juveniles were committed to institutions (34 percent as
compared with 30 percent). There was also a very slight increase in
1937 over 1936 in the proportion of cases in which the juvenile was
placed on probation (33 percent as compared with 32 percent).
Correspondingly smaller proportions of cases were dismissed, no-billed,
nol-prossed, or found not guilty in 1937 as compared with 1936.
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS RECEIVED IN JAILS AND HELD
PENDING TRIAL 4
The only data available for the year ended June 30, 1937, regarding
cases of Federal juvenile offenders received in jails to be held pending
trial are those pertaining to the age and sex of the offenders. Similar
information is also presented for each of the fiscal years ended June
30, 1936, 1935, and 1934.
During the year ended June 30, 1937, there were 1,731 cases in which
the juvenile offenders were received in jails pending trial (1,567 boys’
cases and 164 girls’ cases).5 This number was 7 percent greater than
the number reported in the fiscal year 1936, 14 percent greater than
during the fiscal year 1935, and 48 percent greater than during the
fiscal year 1934 (table 4).
In each of the fiscal years for which data are presented, the girls
received in jails were younger on the average than the boys. Of the
girls received in 1937, those in 37 percent of the cases were under 17
years of age, whereas the boys were less than 17 in only 28 percent of
the cases. In each year juveniles 18 years of age constituted by far
the largest group of offenders of each sex.
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS DISCHARGED FROM DETENTION
AFTER BEING HELD PENDING TRIAL
The information available for the year ended June 30, 1937, regard
ing Federal juvenile offenders discharged from detention after being
held pending trial includes the place and length of detention prior
to trial, and the type of discharge from detention. The figures include
all cases of juveniles that were discharged during the year— both those
received for detention prior to the beginning of the year and those
received during the year. The figures do not include cases of offenders
received for detention who were not discharged during the year.
4 Statistics obtained from reports submitted to the Bureau of Prisons by United States marshals.
1
Offenders under 19 years of age constituted 6 percent of the total number of cases of Federal offenders
received in jails and held pending trial during the year ended June 30,1937.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
82
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 193 7
T a b l e 4.— Age and sex of Federal juvenile offenders received in jails and held pending
trial during each fiscal year ended June 30, 1934-37
Offenders received in jail and held pending trial
Girls
Boys
Total
Year, and age of offender
Y
e a r
E
n d e d
J
u n e
Under 1 5 years......... ................ —.........
1 5 years— . -------- ----------------------------1 6 years-------------------------- ---------- -----1 7 years............................... ...................
1 8 years......................... ..................... —
e a r
E
n d e d
J
u n e
Under 1 5 years_____________________
1 5 years----------------------------------- ------1 6 years— ......... . . . --------- --------------1 7 years........... .........................—..........
1 8 years........................... ..................—
e a r
E
n d e d
J
u n e
Under 1 5 years-------------------------------1 5 years____________________________
16 years--------- --------------------------------1 7 years_________ —— ---------- ---------1 8 years____________________________
e a r
E
n d e d
J
u n e
Percent
distribu
tion
Number
1,731
100
1,567
100
164
100
75
152
280
457
767
4
9
16
27
44
64
132
250
417
704
4
8
16
27
45
11
20
30
40
63
6
12
18
25
39
1,617
100
1,482
100
135
100
81
129
250
447
710
5
7
15
28
44
66
113
222
421
660
4
8
15
28
45
15
16
28
26
50
11
12
21
19
37
1,524
100
1,413
100
111
100
76
99
249
422
678
5
7
16
28
44
69
93
225
401
625
5
7
16
28
44
7
6
24
21
53
6
5
22
19
48
1,167
100
1,077
100
90
100
56
61
181
318
551
5
5
16
27
47
46
54
165
301
511
4
5
15
28
48
10
7
16
17
40
11
8
18
19
44
30, 1935
Total._____ _________________
Y
Number
30, 1936
T o ta l.._____ ________________
Y
Percent
distribu
tion
3 0 ,1 9 3 7
Total________________________
Y
Percent
distribu
tion
Number
30, 1934
Total________________________
Under 1 5 years_____________________
1 5 years------------------------------------------1 6 years------ ----- .----------------------------1 7 years..................................... .........
1 8 years........... ........ —---------, ------•*—
During the year ended June 30, 1937, there were 2,148 cases of juve
nile offenders discharged from detention after being held pending trial
(1,979 boys’ cases and 169 girls’ cases). This was an 11-percent
increase over the number (1,939) reported for the fiscal year 1936 and
a 19-percent increase over the number (1,800) for the fiscal year 1935.
Table 5, giving information concerning the place of detention, indi
cates that in 90 percent of the cases the Federal juvenile offenders dis
charged from detention were held in local jails, in 8 percent they
were detained in Federal jails, and in 1 percent they were held in
juvenile detention homes. (The small proportion of juveniles held
in Federal jails is accounted for by the fact that there were such jails
only in Louisiana, Michigan, New York, and Texas.)
The type of discharge from detention most frequently used in 1937
for Federal juvenile offenders held pending trial was release on bail or
recognizance (table 6). In almost one-third (32 percent) of the cases
the juveniles were released in this manner. In slightly over one-fifth
(21 percent) of the cases the juveniles were transferred under sentence
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FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS
83
to Federal penitentiaries, reformatories, or State institutions; in 14
percent they were sentenced to jail; in 15 percent they were placed on
probation; and in 7 percent of the cases they were dismissed. Other
types of discharge were used in relatively small proportions of the cases.
i f i n ^ ?ives data regarding the length of detention pending trial
of the Federal juvenile offenders that were discharged from detention
during the year ended June 30, 1937. Of the cases of offenders held
pending trial 67. percent were detained less than 1 month, 27 percent
were held 1 month but less than 3 months, and 6 percent were detained
3 months or more.
T
able
5 .— P la ce o f d etention p en d in g trial o f F ed eral ju v e n ile offend ers o f each sex
discharged f r o m detention d u rin g the ye a r en ded J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 3 7
Offenders discharged from detention after being held fpr trial
Place of detention pending trial
Boys
Number
Percent
distri
bution
2,148
1,938
163
33
14
Girls
Number
Percent
distri
bution
100
1,979
100
169
100
90
8
1
1
1,789
163
25
2
91
8
1
149
88
'ooe*
Total cases......................
Local jail________________
Federal jail________________
Juvenile detention home. ..
Other institution____________
Tc tal
5
7
Number
(*)
Percent
distri
bution
1 Less than 1 percent.
T
able
6 .— T y p e o f discharge o f F ed eral ju v e n ile offen d ers o f each sex discharged f r o m
detention d u rin g the ye a r en ded J u n e 3 0 , 1 9 3 7
Offenders discharged from detention
after being held pending trial
Type of discharge
Total______ ;_________________________
Total
Number
Percent
distributton
Boys
Girls
2,148
100
1,979
Released on bail or recognizance________________ _____________
683
32
634
49
On bail____________________________________________ ______
On recognizance._____ ____
I.IIIII!
621
62
29
3
583
51
38
11
Not released on bail or recognizance__________________________
1,465
68
1,345
120
Turned over to State authorities_________________________
Case dismissed___ ____ _____________________ _______ ” . . .
Placed on probation__________________________ ___
Sentence suspended_____ _________________
1.11"!
Fine paid______________
I.IIIII!
Committed under sentence to—
Federal penitentiary, reformatory, or State institution
Jail______________________ . . . . ________ _____________ _
68
151
318
17
7
3
7
15
1
65
120
291
15
7
3
31
27
2
465
294
21
14
454
282
11
12
Juvenile escaped____ ____________________________________
Juvenile died_________ __________________________” ,
Transferred to immigration authorities_______ ________
Transferred to another Federal district.......................
Other type, or type not reported_________ _______________
15
1
71
17
41
1
15
1
60
15
20
11
2
21
1
Less than 1 percent.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
0
(>)
3
1
2
169
84
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 19 3 7
T a b l e 7.— Length of detention pending trial of Federal juvenile offenders of each sex
discharged from detention during the year ended June 30, 1937
Offenders discharged from detention after being
held pending trial
Length of detention pending trial
Total
Percent distribution'
Total cases_________
Less than 3 days_________
3 days, less than 1 w eek,..
1 week, less than 2_______
2 weeks, less than 1 month.
1 month, less than 2______
2 months, less than 3_____
3 months, less than 6_____
6 months, less than 1 year.
Boys
Girls
148
100
1,979
169
351
346
283
463
408
164
117
16
16
16
13
22
19
8
5
1
314
326
263
433
364
154
111
14
37
20
20
30
44
10
6
2
When length of detention pending trial is analyzed for the group of
cases in which the juveniles were released on bail or recognizance it
appears that only 11 percent were detained 1 month or longer. How
ever, of the cases in which the offenders were not released on bail or
recognizance, 42 percent were held 1 month or longer (table 8).
T
8 — L en g th o f detention p en d in g trial b y ty p e o f discharge in cases o f F ed era l
ju v e n ile o ffenders discharged f r o m deten tion du rin g the ye a r en ded J u n e SO, 1937
able
Offenders discharged from detention after being held pending
trial
Length of detention pending trial
Released on bail or Not released on bail
recognizance
or recognizance
Total
Number
Total cases_________
2,148
Less than 3 days................
3 days, less than 1 week__
1 week, less than 2________
8 weeks, less than 1 month
1 month, less than 2______
l months, less than 3_____
8 months, less than 6_____
6 months, less than 1 year.
351
346
283
463
408
164
117
16
Percent
distribu Number
tion
Percent
distribu Number
tion
100
Percent
distribu
tion
100
254
191
91
71
48
18
9
1
0
)
97
155
192
392
360
146
108
15
1 Less than 1 percent.
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS PLACED ON PROBATION AND THOSE
RECEIVED UNDER SENTENCE IN JAILS AND IN FEDERAL INSTI
TUTIONS «
Data available regarding Federal juvenile offenders placed on
probation and those received under sentence in jails and in Federal
mstitutions include the age, sex, and the offense charged for the three
groups of offenders. Similar information is also presented for each
of the fiscal years ended June 30, 1936, 1935, and 1934.
« These statistic» pertain to all Federal offenders under 19 years of age received from courts by United
States probation officers for supervision during the year, and to all Federal offenders under 19 years received
under sentence in county and city jails, Federal jails, prisons, reformatories, and prison camps.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
85
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS
Federal juvenile offenders placed on probation and those received
in jails and Federal institutions under sentence comprise the great
majority of offenders for whom Federal authorities continue respon
sibility and supervision after disposition of the case. Table 9 shows
that during the year ended June 30, 1937, in 760 cases the Federal
offenders under 19 years of age were placed under the supervision of
United States probation officers ; in 386 cases they were committed to
jails; and in 347 cases they were committed to Federal institutions.
The number of juveniles whose cases were disposed of by each of
these three methods was larger in 1937 than in 1936, 1935, or 1934.
Data in table 10 indicate that the juvenile offenders placed under
the supervision of United States probation officers were younger than
those received under sentence in jails or Federal institutions. There
was little change from 1934 to 1937 in the percentage of juveniles in
each age group. In each year there were more cases of juveniles
18 years of age than of any other age. In 1937 this group constituted
43 percent of the offenders placed under supervision of United States
probation officers, 58 percent of those received under sentence in jails,
and 56 percent of those committed to Federal institutions.
Table 11 gives information regarding the offense charged for the
three groups of juvenile offenders. In each of the years 1934 to 1937
violation of the liquor laws was the most frequent offense for the
juveniles placed under the supervision of United States probation
officers, although violation of the Immigration Act was more frequent
among offenders received under sentence in jails. Among juveniles
sentenced to Federal institutions, violation of the Motor Vehicle
Theft Act stood first in each year.
T a b l e 9. — Sex o f Federal juvenile offenders placed under the supervision of United
States probation officers, and o f offenders received under sentence in jails and in
Federal institutions during each fiscal year ended June SO, 193//.—87
Federal juvenile offenders
Year, and sex of juvenile
Y
ear
E n d e d Ju n e
Boys
Girls.
ear
ended
Ju n e
Total.
e a r
E
n d e d
J
u n e
Jails 1
760
386
347
718
42
366
339
20
8
664
379
628
369
36
20
7
510
338
269
482
328
265
4
Total
10
28
ear
E n d e d Ju n e
3 0 .1 9 3 4
Total___________________________________
Boys
Girls.
372
297
176
344
279
167
28
18
9
1 Includes Federal, county, and city jails.
* Includes penitentiaries, reformatories, and prison, reformatory, and correctional camps.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
277
270
3 0 ,1 9 3 6
Boys
Girls.
. Y
Federal in
stitutions 1
3 0 ,1 9 3 6
Boys
Girls.
Y
Received under
sentence in—
3 0 ,1 9 3 7
Total
Y
Placed under
supervision
of United
States proba
tion officers
86
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 193 7
T a b l e 10.— Age o f Federal juvenile offenders placed under the supervision of United
States probation officers and of offenders received under sentence in jails and in
Federal institutions during each fiscal year ended June SO, 1934—87
Federal juvenile offenders
Y e a r , a n d a g e o f j u v e n ile
P la c e d
u n d er
s u p e r v is io n of
U n it e d
S ta te s
p r o b a t i o n o ffi
cers
R e c e i v e d u n d e r s e n t e n c e in —
F e d e r a l in s t it u
t io n s 1
J a ils 1
N um ber
P ercen t
d is t r ib u
t io n
N um ber
P ercen t
d is t r i b u
t io n
N um ber
760
100
386
100
347
100
81
138
214
327
11
18
28
43
17
42
102
225
4
11
27
58
6
21
126
194
2
6
36
56
664
100
379
100
277
100
71
106
208
279
11
16
31
. 42
26
37
108
208
7
10
28
55
3
22
63
189
1
8
23
68
______ ______________
510
100
338
100
269
100
U n d e r 16 y e a r s ___________ _________________
16 y e a r s ___________ __________ ______________ _
17 y e a r s .................. .........................................................
18 y e a r s .................. ................... .....................................
46
9
6
3
1
73
170
221
19
35
33
44
190
10
28
56
17
76
173
29
64
________________________
372
100
297
100
176
100
U n d e r 16 y e a r s ________________________________
16 y e a r s ________________________________________
17 y e a r s ______ __________________________________
18 y e a r s _________________________________________
19
56
121
176
5
13
32
90
162
4
11
1
Y
ear
E n d e d J u n e 30, 1937
T o t a l ____________ _______________________
U n d e r 16 y e a r s ______________ __________________
16 y e a r s ___________________ . __________ _________
17 y e a r s ................ ............... . .......................... ...............
18 y e a r s . ........................... ................. ............... .............
Y
ear
T o t a l ____________________________________
ear
E n d e d J u n e 30, 1935
T o t a l ___________
Y
ear
.
E n d e d J u n e 30, 1936
U n d e r 16 y e a r s _______________________________
16 y e a r s . . . ...................................................... ...............
17 y e a r s _______________________ _______________
18 y e a r s ___________ ____________________________
Y
P ercen t
d is t r ib u
t io n
14
94
6
E n d e d J u n e 30, 1934
T o t a l . _____ . . .
15
33
47
30
55
1 Includes Federal, county, and city jails.
1 Includes penitentiaries, reformatories, and prison, reformatory, and correctional camps.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
5
3
49
121
28
68
FEDERAL JUVENILE OFFENDERS
T
87
11.— Offense charged in cases o f Federal juvenile offenders placed under the
.°f .j Umted Elates probation officers, and offenders received under
SO 11 9 H -8 7
U ^
m Federal m shtuh°ns during each fiscal year ended June
able
Federal juvenile offenders
Year, and offense charged
Placed under
supervision of
United States
prol )ation
of icers
Received under sentence in—
-
Federal
institutions 8
Jails i
Percen ■
Percen
Number distri- Numbei distri- Numbe
button
button
Y
E
e a r
J
n d e d
u n e
3 0 ,1 9 3 7
T otal_________________________________
Violation of—
Liquor laws.............................
Immigration A ct____________III"""
M otor Vehicle Theft A ct____IIIIIIIIIH
Postal laws________________________
Laws against counterfeiting and forgingl
Interstate Commerce A ct (Car Seal Act)
Narcotic Drug A ct________________
W hite Slave Traffic A ct___________ II"'
Other laws or offense not reported___ III
Y
E
e a r
J
n d e d
u n e
Violation of—
Liquor law s.._____________________
Immigration A ct_____ _____IIIIII.IIIIIII
M otor Vehicle Theft A c t . . . . I . I . .............
Postal laws________________________ II
Laws against counterfeiting and forging
Interstate Commerce A ct (Car Seal A ct)
Narcotic Drug A ct___ __________________
W hite Slave Traffic A ct.................. IIIIIII
Other laws or offense not reported. . . . . . 11
e a r
E
n d e d
J
u n e
T otal_______ _______________ _________
e a r
E
n d e d
J
u n e
386
100
347
80
201
30
7
9
4
6
21
52
8
2
2
1
1
64
50
(*)
20
9
10
1
1
1
8
49
13
62
1
142
47
32
21
8
2
32
664
100
379
100
277
100
338
51
93
26
61
78
102
44
21
5
9
67
12
15
7
3
1
1
10
17
16
7
3
3
4
4
2
1
1
22
2
46
u
6
4
2
49
13
124
31
17
12
5
1
20
510
100
338
* 100
269
100
243
48
101
30
88
78
55
50
24
1
5
54
15
11
10
5
1
10
22
19
14
6
5
1
37
7
6
4
2
1
(3)
10
94
35
18
13
7
2
9
32
1
35
13
7
5
3
1
3
372
*100
297
100
176
100
164
45
73
25
41
23
53
62
39
15
1
14
17
11
4
18
16
3
8
4
6
5
1
3
1
62
26
9
23
5
35
15
5
13
3
9
36
12
6
4
79
8
18
(3)
41
14
9
6
2
1
9
(3)
7
(8)
3 0 ,1 9 3 4
T otal__________________________________
Violation of—
Liquor laws_____.'___________
Immigration A ct___I I I IIIIIII.....................
M otor Vehicle Theft A ct_______ H I ”
Postal laws_________________________IIIIII
Laws against counterfeiting and forging__
Interstate Commerce A ct (Car Seal Act)
Narcotic Drug A ct................
W hite Slave Traffic A c t . .
Other laws or offense not reported..IIIIIII
38
( 3)
1 Includes Federal, county, and city jails.
3 L^ssttmn’l 1percent™8’ reformatories’ and Prison- reformatory,and correctional camps.
i Based on 336 juveniles for whom offense was reported.
' Based on 369 juveniles for whom offense was reported.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
100
3 0 ,1 9 3 6
Violation of—
Liquor laws___________________________
Immigration A ct............................... IIIIIII
M otor Vehicle Theft A ct___________II
Postal laws___________________________HI!
Laws against counterfeiting and forging...
Interstate Commerce A ct (Car Seal A ct)
Narcotic Drug A c t ...______
W hite Slave Traffic A ct_____________IIIII
Other laws or offense not reported.IIIIH !
Y
100
3 0 ,1 9 3 6
T otal_________________________________
Y
button
88
CHILDREN IN THE COURTS, 19 3 7
SUMMARY
Although the statistics for each of the four sections included in this
part of the report have been based upon reports of different groups
of juvenile offenders, analysis of the data for each group has indi
cated that there was an increase from 1936 to 1937 in the number of
juveniles dealt with by Federal authorities. In the largest group of
Federal juvenile offenders, those brought to the attention of United
States probation officers, the increase from 1936 to 1937 amounted
to 10 percent.
o
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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