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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
W . N. DOAK, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ETHELBERT STEW ART, C om m issioner
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES1
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS/
P R O D U C T I V I T Y
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llO e 0 0 U
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S E R I E S
CARGO HANDLING
AND
LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS
FEBRUARY, 1932
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1932
F or sale by the Superintendent o f D ocum ents, W ashington, D. C .
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Price 55 cents
Acknowledgment
This bulletin was prepared by Boris Stem, of the United States
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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Contents
Page
Introduction_______________________________________________________
Chapter 1.—Problems and methods of cargo handling________________
Principal factors of cargo handling_______________________________
The ship as a cargo carrier__________________________________
Foreign trade ships_____________________________________
The intercoastal ship___________________________________
Coastwise vessels______________________________________
The pier as a cargo receiver_________________________________
Nature of the cargo handled________________________________
Loading bulk cargoes___________________________________
Discharging bulk cargoes_______________________________
General cargo__________________________________________
Methods of loading and discharging general cargo_________
Pier equipment____________________________________________
Chapter 2.— Productivity of labor in stevedoring ship’s cargo_________
Units of cargo measurement_____________________________________
Units of labor time_____________________________________________
Method of presentation of statistical data________________________
Productivity of labor in discharging and loading general cargo_____
Productivity of labor in loading individual commodities___________
Cotton____________________________________________________
Case oil___________________________________________________
Flour_______ ^_____________________________________________
Lumber___________________________________________________
Steel and steel products_____________________________________
Oil cake___________________________________________________
Copper____________________________________________________
Principal individual commodities____________________________
Productivity of labor in discharging individual commodities________
Raw sugar_________________________________________________
Coffee_____________________________________________________
Newsprint paper___________________________________________
Lumber. ________,___________________ _______________________
Bananas___________________________________________________
Burlap_____ _______________________________________________
Nitrate of soda_____________________________________________
Wet hides_________________________________________________
Wood pulp________________________________________________
Ore_______________________________________________________
Principal individual commodities____________________________
C hapter 3.— Longshore labor conditions in the United States__________
Foreign and intercoastal trade___________________________________
Nature of longshore work___________________________________
Hours of work and rates of wages___________________________
Conditions of employment__________________________________
Conditions at ports not decasualized_____________________
Conditions under decasualization________________________
Longshore labor conditions in major ports of the United States _
New York_____________________________________________
Boston________________________________________________
Philadelphia___________________________________________
Baltimore_____________________________________________
New Orleans__________________________________________
Houston and Galveston________________________________
Seattle________________________________________________
Tacoma_______________________________________________
Portland______________________________________________
San Francisco_________________________________________
Los Angeles___________________________________________
Prospects of decasualization_________________________________
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VI
CONTENTS
C hapter 3.— Longshore labor conditions in the United States—Contd.
Longshore labor conditions in coastwise trade_____________________
Wage rates of coastwise longshoremen_______________________
Earnings of longshoremen in the coastwise trade______________
General tables:
Seattle (1926)—
T able 1.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo,
by kind of trade and individual commodities_______________
T able 2.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in foreign trade__________________________________________
T able 3.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in intercoastal trade______________________________________
T able 4.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in coastwise trade________________________________________
T able 5.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling indi
vidual commodities______________________________________
Tacoma (1926)—
T able 6.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo,
by kind of trade and individual commodities_______________
T able 7.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in intercoastal trade 1_____________________________________
T able 8.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling in
dividual commodities_____________________________________
Grays Harbor (1926)—
T able 9.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in loading lumber,
by kind of trade___1_____________________________________
T able 10.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in loading lumber
in foreign trade__________________________________________
T able 11.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in loading lum
ber in intercoastal trade__________________________________
T able 12.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in loading lum
ber in coastwise trade____________________________________
Portland, Oreg. (1926)—
T able 13.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo, by kind of trade and individual commodities_________
T able 14."—Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in foreign trade____________________________________
T able 15.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in intercoastal trade________________________________
T able 16.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in coastwise trade__________________________________
T able 17.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling in
dividual commodities-------------------------------------------------------San Francisco (1926)—
T able 18.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo, by kind of trade and individual commodities_________
T able 19.—Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in foreign trade____________________________________
T able 20.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in intercoastal trade________________________________
T able 21.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in coastwise trade__________________________________
T able 22.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling in
dividual commodities_____________________________________
Los Angeles (1926)—
T able 23.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo, by kind of trade and individual commodities_________
T able 24.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in foreign trade____________________________________
T able 25.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in intercoastal trade________________________________
T able 26.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in coastwise trade__________________________________
T able 27.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling in
dividual commodities_____________________________________
Pas®
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196
198
CONTENTS
General tables—Continued.
Cristobal, Canal Zone (1926)—
T able 28.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo, by kind of trade and individual commodities_________
T able 29.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in foreign trade-------------------------------------------------------T able 30.—Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
individual commodities-----------------------------------------------------Galveston (1927)—
T able 31.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo, by kind of trade and individual commodities_________
T able 32.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in foreign trade-------------------------------------------------------T able 33.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in coastwise trade__________________________________
T able 34.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling in
dividual commodities-------------------------------------------------------Houston (1927)—
T able 35.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo, by kind of trade and individual commodities_________
T able 36.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in foreign trade_____________________________________
T able 37.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in intercoastal trade_______ !-------------------------------------T able 38.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in coastwise trade__________________________________
T able 39.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
individual commodities___________________________________
Port Arthur (1927)—
T able 40.— Productivity of labor and labor costs in handling
cargo, by kind of trade and individual commodities_________
T able 41.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in foreign trade_____________________________________
T able 42.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
individual commodities___________________________________
New Orleans (1927)—
T able 43.— Productivity of labor and labor costs in handling
cargo, by kind of trade and individual commodities_________
T able 44.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in foreign trade-------------------------------------------------------T able 45.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in intercoastal trade________________________________
T able 46.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in coastwise trade___________________________________
T able 47.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling in
dividual commodities_____________________________________
Mobile (1927)—
T able 48.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo, by kind of trade and individual commodities_________
T able 49.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in foreign trade_____________________________________
T able 50.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in intercoastal trade________________________________
T able 51.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling in
dividual commodities--------------------------------------------------------Charleston (1927)—
T able 52.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo, by kind of trade and individual commodities_________
T able 53.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in foreign trade_____________________________________
T able 54.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in intercoastal trade________________________________
T able 55.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo in coastwise trade___________________________________
T able 56.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling indi
vidual commodities-----------------------------------------------------------
VH
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VIII
CONTENTS
General tables— Continued.
Savannah (1927)—
T able 57.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo, by kind of trade and individual commodities_________
T able 58.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in foreign trade__________________________________________
T able 59.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in coastwise trade------------------------------------------------------------T able 60.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling indi
vidual commodities_______________________________________
Norfolk and Newport News (1927)—
T able 61.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo, by kind of trade and individual commodities_________
T able 62.-—Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in foreign trade__________________________________________
T able 63.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in intercoastal trade______________________________________
T able 64.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in coastwise trade________________________________________
T able 65.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling indi
vidual commodities_______________________________________
Baltimore (1927)—
T able 66.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo, by kind of trade and individual commodities_________
T able 67.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in foreign trade__________________________________________
T able 68.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in intercoastal trade______________________________________
T able 69.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in coastwise trade________________________________________
T able 70.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling indi
vidual commodities_______________________________________
Philadelphia (1927)—
T able 71.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo, by kind of trade and individual commodities_________
T able 72.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in foreign trade__________________________________________
T able 73.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in intercoastal trade______________________________________
T able 74.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in coastwise trade________________________________________
T able 75.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling indi
vidual commodities_______________________________________
Boston (1928)—
T able 76.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo, by kind of trade and individual commodities_________
T able 77.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in foreign trade__________________________________________
T able 78.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in intercoastal trade______________________________________
T able 79.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in coastwise trade________________________________________
T able 80.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling indi
vidual commodities_______________________________________
New York (1928)—
T able 81.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling
cargo, by kind of trade and individual commodities_________
T able 82.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in foreign trade__________________________________________
T able 83.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in intercoastal trade______________________________________
T able 84.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling cargo
in coastwise trade________________________________________
T able 85.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in handling indi
vidual commodities_______________________________________
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BULLETIN OF THE
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
n o . 550
WASHINGTON
F e b r u a r y , 1932
CARGO HANDLING AND LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS
INTRODUCTION
The operations of loading and discharging ships are customarily
known as “ stevedore” operations. Precisely defined, stevedoring
applies to the transfer of commodities from the ship to the first place
of rest on the pier and to the direct transfer of commodities from the
ship to a railroad car or lighter, and vice versa. In discharging
cargo, stevedoring therefore includes the sorting of the commodities
as well as the piling on the pier; in loading cargo it includes the
stowing of the cargo in the various ship compartments. With a few
exceptions, which are clearly specified, this definition of stevedoring
has been used throughout this report, in spite of the fact that certain
ports do not as yet strictly adhere to it. In Seattle and Tacoma, in
Portland, Oreg., on the Panama Canal, and in Charleston, S. C., the
term “ stevedoring” often merely signifies the transfer of the cargo
from the ship to the “ apron” of the pier, while the sorting and re
moving of the commodities from ship’s side to the shed of the pier
and piling them on the pier are classified under the separate heading
of “ dock operations.” In contrast with the dock operations, the
ship's operations are often referred to as “ ship's tackle” or “ ship’s
side” operations.
In these ports it is the custom for the pier operators to supply all
the labor used on the pier, and the stevedore companies are required
to supply the labor aboard ship. This artificial division between
ship labor and dock labor in stevedoring often leads to erroneous
conclusions in determining the labor productivity and labor cost of
cargo handling. For example, a certain shipping company in port
“ X ” discharges and loads some of its ships at its own piers and some
at piers operated by different companies. At its own piers the com
pany supplies both the ship and the dock labor for handling the cargo;
at the other piers it supplies only the force aboard ship, and the dock
labor is supplied by the pier operators. This distinction, however,
is not shown in the records of the company, with the result that the
cost of cargo handling shown for the ships discharged or loaded at
other than the company's piers is 20 to 30 per cent smaller than that
shown for the ships discharged or loaded at the company's piers. To
avoid such inconsistencies the data for all the ports presented here
are based on the definition of stevedoring given above rather than on
the customs and rules prevailing in each port.
1
2
CARGO HANDLING AND LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS
The organizations or the individuals undertaking the stevedoring
operations of loading and discharging ships are called stevedore com
panies or stevedores, and their foremen in charge of these operations
are called stevedore foremen. The men performing the actual work
of loading and discharging cargo are called longshoremen, although
these are often segregated into groups of hold men, winch men,
hatch tenders, truckers, etc., for the purpose of indicating the precise
nature of their tasks.
In the days, not so long ago, when the tramp steamer was still the
predominant feature in shipping, the stevedore company was an
independent organization, entirely separate from the shipping com
pany. When a ship arrived in port stevedores were given an oppor
tunity to bid for the privilege of discharging and loading the cargo,
agreeing either to supply the necessary labor at a specified charge to
the ship for the services rendered—a practice which still exists in
some of the lumber ports in the Pacific Northwest—or to handle the
entire cargo of the ship at a specified rate per ton of cargo loaded or
discharged. In all cases the ship would be considered a complete
and independent entity. At present, however, with regular lines of
vessels running on the same route and covering a definitely established
trade, the position of the stevedore company has changed considerably.
Some of the larger so-called contract stevedore companies still remain,
but their agreement with the shipping company now covers the entire
line of ships and for a long period of time, usually a year or more.
Because of the more intimate contact with the shipping company,
some of the stevedore organizations, particularly those which do the
work of one line only, have lost their identity and have become
subsidiary agencies of the shipping company. Some of the larger
shipping companies now do their own stevedoring work, having
merely added a stevedore department to their existing organization.
It is not the intention in this report to contrast the productivity
of labor in loading or discharging cargo by a stevedore company on
a contract basis with that of a stevedore company subsidiary to or
organized by the shipping company, nor is it the aim to stress differ
ences in productivity as between one stevedore company and another
or one shipping company and another. The statistics of the individual
companies are used merely as samples of productivity in the port as
a unit, and are presented in such form as to preclude the possibility
of identifying the data.
In gathering the information presented in this report the Bureau
of Labor Statistics received the cooperation of numerous large and
small shipping and stevedore companies, and the bureau takes this
opportunity to express its gratitude to these organizations. As it is
impossible to name them all, mention is made only of those organiza
tions without whose cooperation the task of the bureau could hardly
have been accomplished.
Among the shipping companies, the following lines deserve special
mention: American-Hawaiian Steamship Co.; Cunard Steamship
Lines; Dollar Line; Eastern Steamship Lines; Furness, Withy &
Co. Lines; Holland America Line; International Mercantile Marine
Lines; Luckenbach Steamship Co.; Merchant & Miners Transporta
tion Co.; Munson-McCormick Lines; Norton & Lilly Lines; Pacific
Steamship Co.; United Fruit Co.; and United States Shipping Board
Lines.
INTRODUCTION
3
Of the stevedore companies, the following organizations gave their
utmost cooperation to the bureau: Atlantic Coast Shipping Co., New
York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Norfolk, and New Orleans,
John W. McGrath, president; B. A. Carroll Stevedore Co., Boston,
Mark McHugh, vice president; Crescent Wharf & Warehouse Co.,
San Pedro, Calif., Eugene Mills, president; E. Goudge & Son, steve
dores, Galveston and Houston, Capt. E. Goudge, president; Jarka
Corporation, New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, Capt.
F. Jarka, president; Murphy-Cook Stevedore Co., Philadelphia, Dan
J. Murphy, president; and Pacific Lighterage Co., Seattle and San
Francisco.
The following individuals were particularly helpful to the bureau:
John B. Bryan, president, Longshoremen’s Association of San Fran
cisco, San Francisco, Calif.; Frank P. Foisie, Waterfront Employers’
Union, Seattle, Wash.; Edwin Nichols, manager, Marine Service
Bureau, San Pedro, Calif.; T. V. O’Connor, chairman United States
Shipping Board, Washington, D. C.; Joseph P. Ryan, president,
International Longshoremen’s Association, New York, N. Y.; and
F. Toppin, chairman, Trans-Atlantic Shipping Conference, New
York, N. Y.
C hapter
1.—PROBLEMS AND METHODS OF CARGO
HANDLING
The principal difficulties encountered in the present survey of pro
ductivity of longshore labor in loading and discharging cargo were
caused by the multiplicity of variable factors involved in cargo hand
ling. One can hardly imagine any other industry offering less uni
formity of conditions than those found in loading and discharging
ships. No two ports, no two companies, no two piers, and no two
ships are exactly alike so far as the nature of the cargo or the meth
od of cargo handling is concerned. Each ship, or rather each voy
age of the same ship, is an independent unit, having but slight, if
any, relationship to its previous or subsequent voyages. The labor
productivity in loading and discharging cargo is affected by the type
and the physical conditions of the ship, by the nature and quantity
of the commodities carried, and by the proportional distribution of
these commodities from hatch to hatch. It is also affected by the
general and physical conditions of the dock where the cargo is handled,
and by the stevedore equipment and the size of the gangs used in
loading or discharging the ship. There are many other major and
minor factors which directly or indirectly influence the productivity
of labor in handling ship cargoes. These variations in ships, in car
goes, in docks, and in equipment are so large and so numerous that
doubt has been expressed as to whether it is possible to arrive at an
average productivity of labor which would be fairly representative of
conditions existing in the port.
Fortunately, there are factors which work in the opposite direction,
making it possible, partly at least, to overcome the difficulties noted
above. These factors are largely utilized by the contracting stevedore
companies in their bids for discharging or loading individual ships, or
in determining the tariff rates at which they agree to handle the
cargoes of all the ships of a regular line for a year or longer. The most
important of these factors are as follows: (1) The import and export
statistics of the individual ports show that certain ports in different
parts of the country specialize more or less in the handling of a few
commodities, which constitute the bulk of the cargo handled in those
ports. Lumber in the Northwest, canned goods in California, and
cotton in the South are a few outstanding examples of such speciali
zation. (2) Certain regular ship lines not only have their specialized
or so-called preferred commodities, but each vessel on those lines
seems to carry these commodities in a fairly constant proportion to
the other commodities, which may be classified as mixed or general
cargo. In handling a large number of such vessels over a considerable
penod of time, the contracting stevedores are able, by examining the
manifests of the ship's cargo, to tell with a fair degree of accuracy the
number of hours it will take to load or discharge the cargo specified.
This method of ascertaining the working hours of a ship in port, even
if only approximately, is sufficient to prove that an average produc4
THE SHIP AS A CARGO CARRIER
5
tivity in stevedoring ship cargoes does exist, and at the same time
it provides a key for the procedure of arriving at such averages.
It is clear that if one could secure the data for loading and dis
charging a sufficiently large number of ships engaged in the same
trade and carrying approximately the same group of commodities,
the average productivity of these ships should prove fairly repre
sentative for the commodities concerned. Similarly, if one could
secure the statistics for the majority of the principal lines operating
to and from a given port, the average productivity of these lines
should prove representative of that of the port as a whole. This
was the method pursued by the United States Bureau of Labor Statis
tics in securing and preparing the data on labor productivity in hand
ling ships’ cargoes presented in this report.
The problem of labor productivity in cargo handling resolved itself
into a study of the separate trade routes and of the principal lines
operating on these routes. This made it necessary to segregate the
foreign trade from the intercoastal trade and the latter from the coast
wise trade. These differ, not only in the nature of the commodities
handled, but also in the methods of handling the cargo and in the
kind of equipment and labor used in loading and discharging the ships.
Also, the foreign trade, wherever possible, had to be subdivided
according to the principal trade routes—Europe, Latin America,
Oriental, etc.—chiefly because of the differences in commodities which
make up the bulk of trade on these routes. In each subdivision a
clear line had to be drawn between commodities which are generally
carried in bulk, such as grain, ore, pig iron, coal, and sulphur, and
other commodities which come in packages, bales, bags, boxes, or
barrels, etc. Finally, the ships carrying full cargoes of any one com
modity, such as raw sugar, coffee, wood pulp, paper, lumber, etc.,
had to be considered separately from the ships carrying the same
commodities in parcel lots only, along with parcel lots of other com
modities.
Principal Factors of Cargo Handling
Before proceeding with the statistical data on handling cargo and
their significance, it is necessary to discuss some of the most important
elements of cargo handling, as well as the principal methods used in
loading and discharging ships.
The Ship as a Cargo Carrier
Foreign Trade Ships
From the point of view of cargo handling, ships as cargo carriers
may be classified into the following groups:
(1)
Giant passenger liners such as the Majestic, the Leviathan, or
the Bremen, which were built for speed and primarily for the trans
portation of passengers. These giant liners carry comparatively little
cargo, and that is mostly of a special kind, requiring rapid transporta
tion between ports. The element of productivity in cargo handling,
therefore, plays a minor role in comparison with the speed and the
passenger accommodation requirements of these vessels, and for this
reason this group of ships has been omitted in the present survey.
6
CHAP. 1.— PROBLEMS AND METHODS OF CARGO HANDLING
(2) Other passenger ships which, in addition to a fairly large number
of passengers, carry or are capable of carrying a large quantity of
cargo. In this group are included all the trans-Atlantic and trans
pacific passenger ships equipped with accommodations for 100 or more
passengers, but not large enough to be grouped with the giant liners.
Judged by the labor productivity of cargo handled on these vessels
they belong to the least efficient cargo carriers. Their hatches are,
as a rule, comparatively narrow and deep. They have too many
decks not easily accessible to the hatches, and because of their height
and size, it requires a long time for commodities to travel from the
pier into the hold of the ship, and vice versa. New York is the only
port in the United States where these passenger vessels carry a very
large percentage of the total cargo handled in the port. Unquestion
ably this is one of the main reasons for the reputation of New York as
the most expensive port for cargo handling. In the present survey
this group of ships js classified separately.
(3) The freighted or cargo carrier par excellence, which is devised
and built for the transportation of cargo exclusively. In this group
are also included the smaller passenger ships with accommodation
for the transportation of about 100 passengers or less. This group
of vessels transport the biggest proportion of foreign-trade cargo
handled in all the ports of the United States. Unless otherwise
specified, the data on labor productivity of cargo handling presented
in this report refer to this type of carrier only.
The Intercoastal Ship
Very few of the vessels engaged in our intercoastal commerce have
accommodations for passenger traffic, but even those vessels which
are equipped with such accommodations regard their passenger trade
as subordinate to the cargo carried. They may therefore be classified
with the freighters.
From the point of view of cargo handling, the intercoastal liners
as a group may be considered the most efficient cargo carriers.
They have proportionately more hatches than the foreign trade ships
of the same size; their hatches are larger and better suited for the
transfer of the cargo from the ship to the pier, and vice versa. They
also have a smaller number of 'tween-decks and are generally better
equipped with booms and winches for the actual transfer of the cargo.
A possible reason for this superiority of the intercoastal carriers may
be found in the fact that these vessels are called upon to transport
large quantities of lumber and steel of various dimensions and are
therefore built to suit the requirements of these commodities. This
is only another way of stating that the intercoastal vessels are gen
erally built to suit the requirements of the trade, which, unfortunately,
is not yet the case with the larger number of vessels engaged in
foreign trade.
Coastwise Vessels
The problem of passenger accommodations, so important in the
case of foreign and intercoastal ships, loses its significance in the
coastwise trade. The majority of our coastwise ships do carry
passengers, and some of them even specialize in passenger trade in
preference to cargo. All of them, however, are equipped with side
THE PIER AS A CARGO RECEIVER
7
ports for the purpose of receiving and discharging their cargoes.
The side ports are usually hinged to the decks below the passengers’
quarters, and for that reason productivity in cargo handling in coast
wise trade is not affected to any great extent by the presence of the
passenger accommodations. The cargo is transferred from the ship
to the pier, and vice versa, by means of hand or power trucks over
gangplanks or ramps, which connect the apron of the pier with the
hold of ship. The stowage requirements in coastwise trade are not
as severe as in the case of foreign and intercoastal shipping, and the
holds of the coastwise vessels are more spacious and offer fewer
obstacles for cargo handling than the type of vessel which predomi
nates in foreign trade shipping. (See fig. 1.)
The Pier as a Cargo Receiver
There is no attempt in the present survey to distinguish between
what is scientifically known as a pier, which is projected into the
water at a right angle to the shore line, and a dock or a wharf built
along the shore line. The pier type predominates in most of the
ports of the United States, although the wharf is an outstanding
feature in New Orleans, in Portland (Oreg.), and in Savannah (Ga.).
The differences between the two types are not particularly significant
in the problems of cargo handling, and in the present survey the terms
“ wharf,” “ dock,” and “ pier” have been used interchangeably, this
being in accordance with the practice existing on the water front.
The size of the pier, the method of construction, and particularly
the width of the “ apron” and the degree of congestion in the “ shed,”
are much more important from the point of view of productivity in
cargo handling than the differences between a wharf and a pier.
The shed is the inclosed part of the pier where the cargo is tem
porarily stored before it is loaded into the ship, or before it is removed
from the pier on the way to its final destination. The apron is the
open section of the pier, between the shed and the water's edge,
where the ships are docked. From the point of view of cargo handling
the apron may be defined as the portion of the pier where the cargo
is first landed when discharged from the ship, or from which it is
lifted when the ship is being loaded.
There are in this country, and particularly in the larger ports like
New York, a large number of piers which in size and method of
construction hark back to the days of sailboats and the small tramp
vessels. These piers, built some 40 or 50 years ago, are inadequate
to handle the cargo of even a moderate sized steamer, not to speak
of the giant liners which now predominate in our foreign and inter
coastal trades. As a result, there is congestion and confusion on the
dock a short time after the discharging of cargo begins. Every
square inch of floor space is occupied, and there is none available for
the utilization of any equipment which might expedite the process
of discharging the cargo. Not only is there lack of space, but the
wharf could not possibly stand a more rapid pace of accepting the
cargo from the ship.
In direct contrast with these old and dilapidated piers, with their
low and narrow sheds and complete absence of any kind of apron
between the shed and the ship’s side, there are scattered throughout
the country a considerable number of more or less up-to-date piers
8
CHAP. 1.— PROBLEMS AND METHODS OF-CARGO HANDLING
with more spacious sheds, with wider aprons, and equipped with all
the necessary facilities for quicker dispatch to the ship and more
efficient loading and discharging of the cargo. In most cases the
aprons of these piers are provided with one or two car tracks, which
make it possible to handle cargo directly from the ship into railroad
cars, and vice versa. As a sample of these more up-to-date piers
may be mentioned the group of piers at Cristobal in the Canal Zone,
the Alabama State piers in Mobile, and the recently completed unit
of the Western Maryland Railroad in Baltimore. Several piers in
Philadelphia, the Staten Island group in New York, the new coffee
pier in New Orleans, and a number of piers on the west coast may
also be included in this group.
Nature of the Cargo Handled
By far the most important factor in the problem of cargo handling
is the nature of the cargo itself. It is necessary first to distinguish
between bulk cargo, solid or liquid, which is shipped in mass without
containers, and the so-called general cargo which comes in units or
packages and is therefore sometimes classified as “ package” cargo.
The latter may also be divided into uniform cargoes of a single
commodity, constituting the entire ship’s cargo, and miscellaneous
or mixed cargoes, consisting of a large number of heterogeneous
commodities in an endless variety of containers.
Loading Bulk Cargoes
There is little or no stevedoring required in loading bulk com
modities such as oil, grain, or coal. Oil is usually transported in
tankers and is loaded at the refineries by means of large pumps and
pipes which require no labor other than the starting and stopping of
the pumps.
Grain easily lends itself to transference by means of a gravity flow
and is therefore loaded either directly at grain elevators or from
barges by means of floating grain elevators. The latter is the usual
practice in the port of New’ York, although it is quite extensively
used also in Philadelphia. At the elevators the grain is transferred
from the storage bins to the pier by a series of endless belts and is
dumped into the ship’s hold by gravity, through large pipes or flexible
hose. In the elevator proper the entire work of loading, which
consists of starting and supervising the flow of the grain, is done by
the permanent organization of the elevator and includes the elec
tricians, the grain weighers, the belt operators, etc. The only steve
doring work involved in loading the grain consists of rigging the
hatches, or moving the pipes or the hose from hatch to hatch, and
of trimming the grain. The term “ trimming” here signifies the
shoveling of the grain into compartments of the ship which can not
be reached by the gravity flow of the grain.
The operations of a floating elevator consist of drawing the grain
from a barge and elevating it to the weighing bin by means of a
“ marine leg” or an endless bucket chain, and then dumping it into
the ship’s hold exactly as is done at a regular elevator. In New
York all the operations, including the rigging of the hatches and the
trimming of the grain, are performed by the unit of workers perma-
F
ig u r e
1.— L o a
d in g
C
argo
t h r o u g h
S
id e
po r t
by
T
ra cto r
and
T
r a il e r
S
ystem
F i g u r e 2 .—b e l t S y s t e m
o f
d e liv e rin g
C o al to
S h ip .
B a ltim o re
F
ig u r e
3 .—A u
t o m a t ic
T
r im m e r
in
O
pe r a t io n
in
Lo
a d in g
C
oal o n
Ba
r g e
.
Ba
l t im o r e
F
ig u r e
4.—s y
st em
u s e d f o r l o a d in g
S
u lph u r
, Et
c
.
P
b u lk
Ca
o r tla n d
r g o es su ch as
, O
r eg
.
O
r e
,
g r a in
,
NATURE OF CARGO HANDLED
9
nently attached to the floating grain elevators, while in Philadel
phia the work of rigging and trimming the grain is done by longshoremen.
Coal as cargo is loaded in large quantities in only a few ports of
the United States. These are equipped with special coal piers,
which are operated by the several railroads which deliver the coal to
the pier. The largest loading coal piers are to be found in Norfolk,
Newport News, Baltimore, and Philadelphia. No two of these piers
operate exactly alike, although the principles involved in the actual
loading of the coal are very much the same. The coal is first dumped
from railroad cars into special large containers or on a belt system,
and then elevated to the coal pier, from which it is dumped by gravity
into the ship. The work on the piers is done by permanent pier
crews, and longshoremen are called upon merely to rig the ship and
to trim the coal. Most of the coal piers are now equipped with auto
matic trimmers which are capable of shooting the coal into the far
thest and most inaccessible compartments of the ship, thus at times
completely dispensing with the services of longshoremen as coal
trimmers. (See figs. 2 and 3.)
The methods used in loading full cargoes of grain and coal are also
used for partial cargoes of these commodities, as well as in the loading
of sulphur, ore, and other commodities of a similar nature. In all
cases the work of loading is performed by mechanical equipment,
and the dispatch of the ship depends exclusively on the number of
hatches used and the capacity of the ship to receive the cargo. Spe
cial ships with large open hatches and no ’tween-decks, designed
exclusively as bulk-cargo carriers, load much faster than ordinary
ships. They also require much less trimming of the cargo than in
the case of ships with smaller hatches and a larger number of ’tweendecks. (See fig. 4.)
Discharging Bulk Cargoes
The principal bulk commodities discharged in large quantity in the
ports of the United States are pig iron, ore, sulphur, and coal. Smaller
quantities of china clay, chalk, fertilizer, and bones, are also handled
in bulk. These commodities are, as a rule, discharged directly into
railroad cars either by means of clamshell grabs operated by locomo
tive or floating cranes, or by means of tubs operated by the ship’s
gear. In either case the cargo must first be trimmed or shoveled
from the various compartments of the ship toward the center of the
hatch. This is the principal job of longshoremen in discharging bulk
cargoes. When tubs are used, the process of dischargmg differs
very little from the handling of general cargo and the entire work is
done by longshoremen exclusively. But when a crane is used, either
on land or afloat, the longshoremen do the work in the ship’s hold
and on the railroad cars, while the actual operation of transferring
the cargo from the ship to the car is performed by the permanent
crane crews.
Dispatch in discharging bulk cargoes depends very largely on the
extent and the amount of trimming required, as well as on the nature
of the commodities handled. Chrome ore, because of its fineness,
is discharged much faster than manganese ore or pig iron, just as
potash and sulphur or coal can be discharged much faster than china
66490°—32------2
10
CHAP. 1.— PROBLEMS AND METHODS OF CARGO HANDLING
clay or chalk or bones. Several ports (particularly the port of Bal
timore) have a special bulk-cargo pier equipped with gantry cranes
and mechanical trimmers, which do away, to a large degree, with
hand trimming, especially in the case of large bulk-cargo carriers.
This system greatly increases the dispatch of the cargo of the ship
and reduces the cost of discharging bulk cargoes. (See figs. 5 and 6.)
General Cargo
The operations of discharging and loading general or package
cargoes are entirely different from those used for bulk commodities.
The individual packages, in barrels, bags, boxes, or crates, which
make up the composition of the general cargo will not flow by gravity
from the pier into the hold of the ship. They must be handled indi
vidually or a few at a time. They are transferred from the pier to
the ship either by way of hatches with the help of the ship’s gear,
which is the practice in our foreign and intercoastal shipping, or by
way of side ports, which is most common in the coastwise trade. In
the ship the packages must be stowed, or so packed that they will
occupy the least amount of space and will not shift while en route if
stormy seas are encountered. The processes of transferring and stow
ing cargo are greatly facilitated by uniform cargoes consisting of con
tainers of the same type and, preferably, the same size. Sometimes
these commodities come in full ships’ cargoes, as is the case with raw
sugar or coffee, canned goods, case oil, paper, etc. The uniformity
of the packages offers an opportunity for the utilization of more
modem methods and better equipment in handling the cargo than is
possible in the case of cargoes with mixed commodities in packages
of all types and sizes.
Methods of Loading and Discharging General Cargo
The outstanding characteristic of cargo handling in the ports of
the United States is the universal use of ship’s gear for the purpose
of transferring cargo from the ship to the pier, and vice versa. Even
on those piers which are equipped with overhead movable cranes,
as is the case in Astoria (Oreg.), or Staten Island (N. Y.), and on the
new Western Maryland pier in Baltimore, these cranes are used only
occasionally to supplement, rather than to replace, the ship’s gear.
Our system is the exact opposite of the method used in most European
ports, which are generally equipped with overhead or gantiy cranes.
There cranes are used exclusively in loading and discharging cargo
and only occasionally are they supplemented by the equipment aboard
ship. The problem of dock equipment versus ship’s gear has occu
pied the mind of the shipping and port interests for some time past.
The opinion as to the effectiveness and economy of the two systems
seems to be sharply divided, with no conclusive proof presented by
either side. The statistical data of cargo handling given in this report
are based almost entirely on the use of ship’s gear in loading and dis
charging cargo. A similar survey conducted in several of the
European ports using the crane and quay system should contribute
the necessary data for a comparison of the two processes, which
should show conclusively which of the two is, in the long run, the
more effective and more economical for the handling of cargo.
F
ig u r e
5 .— D
is c h a r g in g
P
ig
Ir o n
w it h
a
G
rab
o p er a te d
w it h
a
C
r a n e
.
Ba
l t im o r e
f ig u r e
6.— D
is c h a r g in g
B
ulk
c a r g o
Ba
w it h
l t im o r e
s p e c ia l
T
r im m in g
M
a c h in e
.
METHODS OF LOADING AND DISCHARGING
11
The term “ ship’s gear” is applied to the booms and winches which
are to be found on nearly every ship, somewhere in the vicinity of the
opening of the hatches. A winch is a hoisting or pulling machine with
a horizontal drum used for lifting the drafts of cargo from the pier
aboard ship and of lowering them into the hatch. The operations are
reversed in discharging cargo. The power is supplied to the winch
by steam or electricity; hence the classification of steam and electrical
winches. All kinds and types of winches are found aboard ships;
they vary in design, structure, power, and speed, but all winches
are comparatively simple to operate. Most winches are equipped
with levers which move in the same direction as the cargo, upward
when the cargo is to be lifted and downward when it is to be lowered.
The speed of the winches and their position relative to the opening
of the hatch through which the cargo is loaded or discharged are very
important from the viewpoint of productivity of labor in handling the
cargo of the ship. In this respect the intercoastal liners, as a group,
are better equipped for the handling of their cargoes than the foreign
trade ships. Their winches are more powerful and work faster both
when the hook is loaded and when it is without a load. Some winches
on the west coast, particularly those used in discharging raw sugar
in San Francisco, are capable of handling 150 or more loads per hour,
while 40 to 50 loads per hour would seem to be a fair representation
for the majority of winches found on foreign-trade vessels. The
average is considerably below these figures. On the majority of
intercoastal liners the winches are placed in pairs, so that one man
can easily operate the two winches required in loading or discharging
cargo with the ship’s gear. They are also placed sufficiently close to
the opening of the hatch to enable the operator to see what is going
on in the hatch, rather than to follow blindly the hand signals of the
hatch tenders. The intercoastal winches are thus not only more effi
cient in cargo handling, but also require a smaller size gang than is
needed for the average winch found on average foreign-trade vessels.
(See fig. 7.)
The simplest method of using ship’s gear may be found in the case
of loading cargo with one boom and one winch and with a series of
skids leading from the pier to the deck of the ship and to the opening
of the hatch. This method is known as the “ whip.” The boom is
placed directly over the hatch. One end of the fall is wound around
the drum of the winch, while the other end, which passes over the
tackle at the top of the boom, is attached to the hook. The pieces of
cargo are made up into sling loads or drafts on the apron of the pier
at the foot of the inclined skid which leads from the pier to the deck of
the ship. When the hook is attached to the sling and the winch started,
the draft is dragged up the skid and oyer the railing of the ship to the
opening of the hatch. It is lowered into the hatch by gravity. To
prevent the draft from swinging to the side of the hatch, a worker on
the deck of the ship steadies it by means of a rope attached to the
hook. When the cargo is landed on the bottom of the hatch the hook
is released and the deckman pulls it out with the help of the same guide
rope, and throws it back to the wharf for a second draft. This
system of cargo loading is widely used in New Orleans and Philadel
phia, where it is applied to all cargoes which will stand the wear and
tear of being dragged over a skid. By far the largest percentage of
cotton in the South is loaded with a “ whip.”
12
CHAP. 1.— PROBLEMS AND METHODS OF CARGO HANDLING
It is not possible, however, to use the whip for the purpose of dis
charging cargo. Two winches and two booms must then be put into
operation. Depending upon the method used in rigging the two falls,
the systems used are called a “ double whip,” a “ Burton,” or a
“ union” or “ married” fall. In all cases the up-and-down fall oper
ates over the hatch, and is used either to raise the cargo from the
hatch, in discharging, or to lower it into the hatch, in loading. When
discharging with a double whip, a deckman releases the up-and-down
hook from the draft immediately after the draft is landed on the
deck of the ship, and the hook is thrown back into the hatch for
another sling load. In the meantime, another deckman attaches the
hook of the other fall to the sling on the deck of the ship, and the load
is swung from the opening of the hatch athwart ship to the railing
by means of a moving boom, and is then lowered to the apron of the
pier. In the case of the Burton system, the “ Burton man,” as the
deckman is usually called, throws the hook of the second fall around
the first fall and unites the two while the sling load is being lifted to the
opening of the hatch. The load is then raised over the coaming of the
hatch and is moved athwart ship and down to the pier by the joint
operation of the two winches. However, just before the load is about
to be lowered from the ship to the apron of the pier, the Burton man
releases the hook of the up-and-down fall and throws it into the hatch
for another sling load. The double whip system is used extensively
in the South and in Philadelphia, usually in conjunction with the use
of a whip for loading purposes. The Burton system, described above,
is used chiefly in the port of New York, both in loading and discharg
ing cargo.
In the case of the “ union” or “ married” fall, the two falls are
permanently rigged together before the loading or discharging of the
cargo begins. In discharging cargo the three movements of the sling
load—upward from the hatch to the deck of the ship, athwart ship,
and downward to the apron of the pier—are performed in one con
tinuous operation by the two winches. In loading cargo the move
ments are reversed. This system is found in nearly all of the ports of
the United States, but it is particularly prevalent on the west coast,
where it is used exclusively both for loading and discharging general
cargo. Whenever possible, the two winches are operated by one man,
and the three movements of the cargo are performed so rapidly and so
smoothly that it is almost impossible to tell when one movement
ends and another begins.
Pier Equipment
The various methods of using ship’s gear in loading and discharging
cargo apply only to the transfer of the cargo from the ship to the apron
of the pier, and vice versa. Other devices and other equipment must
be used to move the cargo from the apron of the pier into the shed, and
vice versa, and still other devices must be used for piling the cargo.
The most common piece of equipment, found on all piers in all the
ports of the United States, is the 2-wheel hand truck used to transfer
the cargo between the apron of the pier and the shed. On many a
pier it is still the only type of equipment used. In recent years, how
ever, there has appeared a large array of other types of trucks which
have entered into competition with the hand truck, with the result
F
ig u r e
7.—w
e s t
Co
a st
S
y s t e m
, O
ne
Man
o p e r a t in g
Bo
th
w in c h e s
F
ig u r e
8.— d
is c h a r g in g
su g a r
by
H
a n d -o p e r a t e d
4-w
h eel
pl a t fo r m
T
r u c k s
.
G
a lv esto n
fig u r e
9 —D
el iv e r in g
Canned
S
almon
fr o m
M
S
hed
o t o r
.
to
S
S
h i p ’s
ea ttle
S
id e
on
T
r a il e r s
pu lle d
by
E
l e c t r ic
F
ig u r e
10.— E l
e c t r ic
L
if t
T
ruck
about
to
l ift
p l a t f o r m
,
o r
“C
a m el
,”
lo a d ed
w it h
C
arg o
METHODS OF LOADING AND DISCHARGING
13
that on some piers the hand truck has either been relegated to a
secondary position or has been completely replaced by the more upto-date type of equipment.
The first change was the introduction of the 4-wheel platform
truck operated by man power. The main advantage of the platform
truck over the hand truck lies in the fact that the cargo from the ship
can be landed directly on the truck and taken into the shed without
first undoing the sling of the load on the apron. This change elimi
nates several handlings of the cargo. ^ The next step was replacing the
push-and-pull man power by electricity or gas and substantially to
increase the weight of each sling load. The power truck has several
advantages over the hand truck, but the principal advantages are
twofold: 1. The power truck actually eliminates several handlings of
the cargo on the pier which can not be avoided when hand trucks are
used; 2. The power truck rapidly clears the space on the apron directly
under the ship’s hook where the cargo is landed, thus facilitating
constant operation of the hook. Both advantages lead to higher labor
productivity and lower cost of cargo handling. (See fig. 8.)
There now exists a large variety of types and makes of these electric
and gasoline power trucks. For the purpose of the present survey,
however, it is necessary to distinguish only three types of power
trucks as follows:
1. The electric platform truck is a complete unit consisting of a
large 4-wheel platform truck equipped with an electric motor. The
cargo from the ship is landed directly on the platform of the truck and
is immediately removed from the apron into the shed. In loading,
the sling loads are made up on the platform at the pile in the shed and
are lifted directly from the truck to the ship.
2. The tractor and trailer system consists of a separate engine,
operated by gas or electricity, and 4-wheel platform trucks or trailers.
The engine is used only when the latter are to be moved between the
apron of the pier and the shed. The advantage of this system is that
more than one trailer can be pulled at the same time, and also the engine
may be engaged elsewhere while the cargo is being loaded on or
removed from the trailers. (See fig 9.)
3. The electric lift truck and the skid system. The skid is a plat
form built on solid legs which raise it a short distance (about a foot)
from the floor. The electric lift truck is supplied with a movable
platform which, when projected under the skid, lifts it from the
floor. It is then transported with ease from one section of the pier to
another. The lift truck and skid combination has the same advan
tages as the truck and trailer system, since the truck may be engaged
elsewhere while the skid is in the process of being loaded or discharged.
(See fig. 10.)
In Cristobal, where much cargo is transferred from one pier to
another, the tractor and trailer system is used in combination with
the lift trucks and skids. The loaded skids are placed on trailers and
are transported to their proper piers. There the lift trucks remove the
skids from the trailers and dehver them to the ships to be loaded.
(See fig. 11.)
Recently it was found feasible to leave the loaded skid in the shed
until the commodity is removed from the pier for its final delivery.
Similarly, in loading cargo the commodities, when delivered to the pier,
are at once placed on the skid in readiness to be transported to the
ship’s side and into the ship. This practice, which is used on some
14
CHAP. 1.— PROBLEMS AND METHODS OF CARGO HANDLING
piers in Seattle, San Francisco, New York, and Cristobal, reduces the
number of handlings of the cargo to a minimum and greatly increases
the labor productivity in cargo handling on those piers.
In New York, a certain shipping company, working in cooperation
with a railroad company, extended the use of the lift truck and
skid combination much further than described above. The company
discharges large quantities of canned goods and loads large quantities
of flour in the port of New York. Most of the cargo is discharged on
lighters and then delivered to the railroad pier, where it is loaded into
box cars. In loading cargo the process is reversed. Formerly
individual packages had to be handled several times on their way
between the ship and the railroad car, and vice versa, but now, in
discharging cargo the commodities are placed on skids in the hatch of
the ship, lifted overboard to the lighter, where a lift truck removes the
loaded skid from under the ship’s hook to its place on the lighter.
The commodities are left intact on the skids, and at the railroad pier
the lift trucks remove the loaded skids from the lighter directly into
box cars, where the commodities are removed from the skid and stowed
into the car. When loading the ship, the commodities are placed on
skids, in the box cars, in which they are delivered to the railroad pier.
The lift trucks remove the skids from the cars to the lighter, and leave
the loaded skids on the lighter. From the lighter the loaded skids are
lifted aboard ship and into the hatch, where the individual com
modities are removed and stowed away in the ship's hold. Whether
in loading or discharging cargo, the lift truck and skid system thus
used requires only one operation of loading and one operation of
discharging the skid, during the entire process of transferring the
cargo from the ship to the lighter, to the pier, and to the railroad car,
or vice versa. (See fig. 12.)
In spite of the success of the company in greatly reducing its cost of
cargo handling by the new system, the universal adoption of the lift
truck and the skid method is confronted with serious drawbacks:
1. It can be used effectively for uniform cargoes only. Mixed cargoes
in different containers can not be easily handled on the skids; besides,
the sorting and classifying of the commodities nullify most of the
economies effected by the skids. 2. The numerous empty and loaded
skids occupy too much space in the shed of the pier. Even the larger
piers soon find themselves congested with these skids, while the aver
age and the smaller piers, which predominate in this country, can not
ossibly find the necessary space for a successful application of the
ft truck and skid system.
In addition to the several types of power trucks described above,
other equipment has been devised for the purpose of more rapid
transfer of the cargo from the ship's side to the shed of the pier, and
vice versa. There are trucks equipped with small “ gyp cranes" and
other contrivances which make it possible not only to transfer the
cargo rapidly but also to pile it rapidly on the pier. There are also
a large number of portable conveyors and portable stackers used on
several piers. Figures 13 to 17 illustrate the various methods used in
piling large quantities of uniform cargoes. The hand or “ stage"
process, shown in Figure 13, can still be found in several ports, particu
larly in the piling of raw sugar or nitrate of soda; but in most ports
this process has been replaced by one mechanical device or another,
resulting in very large economies in the cost of piling the cargo.
E
F
ig u r e
II.—T
r a in
o f
T
r a il e r s
w it h
sk id s
Loa
ded
w it h
C
a r g o
,
a s
Use
d
in
C
r is t o b a l
, C
anal
Zone
F IG U R E
1 2 .— L O A D E D S K I D
A B O U T T O B E L O W E R E D IN T O H A T C H .
Y
o rk
NEW
F
ig u r e
13.— H
and
o r
“S
ta g e
S
y s t e m
”
o f
P
il in g
Ca
rg o
on
P
ie r
F
ig u r e
14.—s t
a c k in g
C
arg o
w it h
P
orta ble
C
o n v ey o r
.
C
r ist o b a l
, C
anal
Zon
e
F
ig u r e
15.—P
il in g
su g a r
w it h
po r ta b le
C
ra n e
.
N
ew
Y
o r k
F I G U R E 1 6 .— S T A C K I N G N E W S P R I N T P A P E R W I T H S P E C I A L C R A N E .
NEW Y O R K
F
ig u r e
17.—p i l
in g
b a g g ed
C
arg o
by
Sc
r ew
-t
y pe
Con
veyor
F
ig u r e
1 8.— L o
a d in g
O
ra n g es
w it h
po r t a b l e
C
o n v ey o r
.
Lo
s
A
n g eles
METHODS OF LOADING AND DISCHARGING
15
There exists in New York an organization which specializes in the
production of these types of equipment. This firm either rents the
equipment to shipping and stevedore companies which are not in a
position to buy it outright, or undertakes to do the pier part of steve
doring if the shipping companies so desire. Undoubtedly, so far a£
pier equipment is concerned, the hand truck, or even the 4-wheel
platform truck operated by man power, is bound soon to give way to
power equipment except where the distances between the ship’s side
and the shed of the pier are very short, or when the piers are so con
gested that there is no room for the operation of any kind of power
truck. This is especially true in the case of uniform cargoes, either in
full shipments or in parcel lots. Labor productivity in handling these
uniform cargoes, whether expressed in terms of output per gang per
hour or per man per hour, has recently been greatly increased, due to
the use of the newer types of pier equipment. (See fig. 18.)
This is not true, however, m the case of miscellaneous cargoes,
which come in bags and barrels, in bales and boxes, in crates of all
shapes and dimensions, and frequently in no containers at all. There
is almost no limit to the size of these commodities or to their variations.
This heterogeneous mass of commodities defies any attempt at descrip
tion, but a good picture of the situation may be had by visiting any
pier in the Chelsea district or the Bush terminals in New York, and
watching one of the overseas or intercoastal giants disgorge from its
hold literally tens of thousands of pieces of cargo, each with a distinctlabel calling for individual attention before it is piled away safely on
the pier or placed in a railroad car destined perhaps a thousand miles
away from the water front.
These commodities are, as a rule, sorted and classified immediately
after the sling load is landed on the apron of the pier. This particular
spot on the apron of the pier must be considered the important point
in discharging miscellaneous cargoes. While the dock crew is engaged
in sorting the commodities, the hook of the ship either stands idle or
hangs over the deck of the ship with another load of miscellaneous,
cargo ready to be landed on the apron. Productivity in discharging
miscellaneous cargoes will thus fall or rise according to the dispatch
in classifying the commodities and removing them from the apron to
their destination on the pier. The new pier equipment has not as yet
done away with this need of classifying and sorting miscellaneous,
cargoes, and for that reason productivity of labor in discharging,
miscellaneous cargoes has not been greatly affected by the change.
In loading miscellaneous cargoes the important point is the hold of
the ship. In some ports, and particularly in New York, there is even,
greater variation in the nature and the size of commodities loaded
than in those discharged. These commodities come from prairies and
mines, from mills and forests, from tobacco fields and orchards, from
oil fields and meat-packing plants, and from factories, stores, and
warehouses. They include automobiles and automobile parts, har
vesters and other agricultural machinery, copper and gold bars, bales
of cotton and rags, barrels and bags of flour, barrels and boxes of fruit,
drums and cases of oil, and thousands of other articles and machines.
The problem in loading miscellaneous cargo is not, however, in
sorting the commodities, but in stowing them safely in the hold of the
ship. With the exception of an occasional application of gravity
rollers and dollies, there is practically no device of any kind used to
16
CHAP. 1.— PROBLEMS AND METHODS OF CARGO HANDLING
facilitate the transfer of the individual pieces of cargo from the center
of the hatch to their place of stowage, which may be some 30 to 50 feet
from the center of the hatch.
Barrels, bags, boxes, and loose pieces do not of themselves make a
compact wall for stowage purposes, and it requires all the ingenuity
of the longshoremen and much dunnage to pack this heterogeneous
mass of commodities sufficiently tight in their places to guarantee a
safe crossing of the ship. Cargo stowing is a very slow process, and
the hook on the ship and the pier equipment stand idle until the crew
in the hold of the ship removes the last piece of cargo from the center
of the hatch to make room for another sling load
In connection with the loading and discharging of miscellaneous
cargoes it must be stated that at present there exist certain more or
less definite limits beyond which one can not increase the productivity
of cargo handling by merely improving or changing the equipment on
the pier or on the deck of the ship. The problem of handling miscel
laneous cargoes is more a problem of types of packages rather than of
the equipment used in handling these packages. Certain commodities
must be packed in boxes, others in bags, and still others in barrels or
crates. This variation in the kind and size of commodities is not
going to diminish with time; on the contrary, it is bound to increase
with the industrial and economic world moving to more and more
complex stages. It is possible, therefore, that in spite of the increasing
utilization of up-to-date pier equipment, productivity of labor in
handling miscellaneous cargoes will show a decrease rather than an
increase unless special attention is given to the package problem.
Certain standardization of packages can be effected by eliminating
the use of several kinds of containers for any one commodity. For
instance, if flour is loaded in bags, there is no need for it to be loaded
also in barrels, and similarly, if apples are loaded in barrels, there is
no need for them to be loaded in boxes of several sizes. Such stand
ardization of packages, which can be applied to a large number of
commodities, will greatly overcome the difficulties in sorting and
stowing miscellaneous cargo. Other changes have been suggested,
such as special large containers, to be carried by the ship, for a large
number of the smaller pieces of cargo assigned to any one shipper
to any one part of the country. Instead of handling the individual
pieces of cargo, the operations of discharging and loading would merely
consist in handling the standardized containers, thus eliminating the
element of sorting while the ship remains in port. The dispatch of
the ship would then depend exclusively on the speed of the winches
and the ability of the pier crew to remove the cargo containers from
the apron of the pier. At any rate, not until these changes have been
made or other solutions devised to facilitate the sorting and stowing
of miscellaneous commodities can much headway be expected in the
field of loading and discharging miscellaneous cargoes.
Chabter 2.—PRODUCTIVITY OF LABOR IN
STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
Units of Cargo Measurement
There are no data available, either in this country or abroad,
pertaining to the productivity of longshoremen in loading and dis
charging ship cargoes. In undertaking the survey of labor pro
ductivity in handling cargo, the United States Bureau of Labor
Statistics had first to determine the units by which to measure such
productivity. The work done is usually expressed in terms of tons
handled, but the word “ ton” may and does mean several different
things. On the west coast it may mean either a weight ton of 2,000
pounds or a measurement ton of 40 cubic feet. When applied to
bulk cargoes, such as grain, ore, Or coal, etc., it frequently means a
long ton (2,240 pounds). When a ship arrives in Seattle, for instance,
with approximately 500 long tons of ore, 50Q short tons of cargo on a
weight basis, and 500 tons of cargo on a measurement basis, the ship
is said to have brought 1,500 tons of cargo, which in shipping circles
are termed “ revenue tons,” for they constitute the basis on which
the revenue of the ship is calculated. On its next trip the same
vessel may again bring 1,500 revenue tons, but it may consist of 200
tons of bulk cargo, 400 weight tons, and 900 measurement tons.
On the Gulf and the Atlantic the weight ton is the long ton, but
the measurement ton of 40 cubic feet is retained, and the total of
the two tonnages constitutes the revenue tonnage of a ship. It is
clearly a different kind of revenue ton from that used on the west
coast. On the Panama Canal and to a large extent in the port of
New York the metric weight ton of 2,204 pounds and the metric
measurement ton are used quite extensively, particularly in our Euro
pean import trade. These are added to the tons previously mentioned to
constitute the total revenue tonnage of a ship. There are ship mani
fests with six or more kinds of tons thus added together to constitute
the total cargo tonnage. In intercoastal and coastwise trade, how
ever, throughout the United States the revenue ton is the short ton
(2,000 pounds).
The practices of the different shipping companies in the different
ports and even in the same port are also different. In one port, for
instance, apples or automobiles may be carried on a weight basis of
2,240 pounds per ton, while in another port the same commodities
are carried on a measurement basis of 40 cubic feet per ton. For
this reason the ship, when leaving the two ports with approximately
the same group of commodities and with a similar distribution, may
register twice as much or more cargo for one port than for the other.
Finally, contracting stevedore operators do not always agree to handle
the cargo by the tonnage shown on the ship’s manifest, and thus
there appears another kmd of a ton—a “ stevedore ton”—which has
very little in common with any of the tons previously discussed.
17
18
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP'S CARGO
The “ revenue ton” is the only unit of cargo measurement which
can be found in all the ports of the United States, but it can not be
defined in units either of weight or of space occupied by the cargo.
It varies from port to port, from line to line, and from ship to ship,
depending on the customs of the port and the nature of the cargo
carried by the individual vessels. For any one port, however, and
particularly for any one group of ships specializing in the same trade
and carrying approximately the same kind of commodities, the
“ revenue ton” represents a tangible unit of cargo measurement, and
is frequently used as the only means of expressing the total cargo of
the ships. All ships show on their manifests their total revenue
tonnage, and quite often they also indicate in long tons the total
weight of the cargo.
Units of Labor Time
The next problem confronting the Bureau of Labor Statistics
was to decide upon a unit to measure the labor time of loading and
discharging cargoes. It is customary in shipping and stevedoring
circles to express the work of longshoremen in terms of ship-hours,
hatch-hours, gang-hours, and man-hours.
By “ ship-hours” is meant the time the ship remains at the pier for
the purpose of loading or discharging its cargo. Ship-hours are a
very important factor to the operator, for a ship in port is* a liability
to him and his object is to clear it as soon as possible. But the “ shiphour” gives no indication of the actual amount of labor involved in
the operations of loading or discharging, as one ship may operate only
one or two hatches while another may work as many as eight hatches
at a time. Again, some hatches may be worked the entire time the
ship remains at the pier, while others may be worked only a part of
the time.
“ Hatch-hours” represent the total hours worked at all hatches of
the ship in loading or discharging the cargo. If, for example, hatch
No. 1 worked 10 hours, hatch No. 2, 20 hours, hatch No. 3, 5 hours,
and hatches Nos. 4 and 5, 15 hours each, the total number of hatchhours worked by the ship would be 10 + 20 + 5+15+15, or 65 hatchhours in all. (Incidentally, the longest time worked at any one hatch
would also indicate approximately the number of ship-hours—in the
example just given, 20.) The difficulty in the case of “ hatch-hours”
is that some hatches on the ship are comparatively small, while
others are very large. A small hatch can hardly accommodate a
whole gang, while in the larger hatches two or more gangs may be
working simultaneously. “ Hatch-hours” can therefore be used
accurately only when it is known that in no hatch was more than one
gang working at any one time.
The “ gang-hour” is a more adequate and more frequently used unit
of measuring longshore labor time. A gang is a group of longshore
men so distributed between the ship and the pier as to allow for the
uninterrupted flow of cargo from the ship to the pier and vice versa.
An average gang is said to consist of 1 foreman, 6 to 10 men working
in the hold of the ship, 1 hatch tender, 2 winch men, and 6 to 8
truckers. Neither the size of the gang nor its composition are in any
way stabilized, and wide variations are to be found not only from
port to port but from ship to ship and from hatch to hatch. The
METHOD OF PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA
19
size of the gangs may vary from 12 men or less to as many as 40 or
more. In the long rim, however, for any one port, and particularly
for any one line or group of ships, the average size of a gang remains
sufficiently constant to warrant the use of “ gang-hours” as a unit for
the measuring of longshore labor time. The same unit is also used
to indicate the dispatch with which ships are being loaded or discharged
at a given port.
The most exact and at the same time the most effective means of
measuring longshore time is presented by the use of “ man-hours.”
Whether a ship works only one hatch or eight hatches, whether one
or more gangs are used at a single hatch at the same time, and whether
the gangs are made up of 10 men or 40 men, the results will be re
flected in the total man-hours consumed in loading or discharging the
vessel. Scientifically speaking, there is but one way of measuring
the productivity of longshore operations, and that is in terms of cargo
loaded or discharged per man per hour. Unfortunately, however,
the output per man per hour does not always tell the whole story of
stevedoring operations, in the sense that higher productivity per man
per hour does not always signify greater dispatch and vice versa.
The clash between higher man-hour output and quicker ship dis
patch causes many a difficulty between the stevedore company, which
is primarily interested in output, and the shipowners, interested in
getting the ship away as fast as possible. Very often one has to be
sacrificed to the other. But this difficulty illustrates the fact that
man-hour output alone is not adequate to describe the situation in
the stevedoring industry. It is only when both total man-hours and
total gang-hours are given that it is possible to draw a clear picture
of the productivity of labor in cargo handling. The data on produc
tivity presented in this study are therefore expressed in terms of long
tons and revenue tons of cargo loaded or discharged per gang-hour
as well as per man-hour.
Method of Presentation of Statistical Data
The second part of this bulletin (pp. 113 to 559) is devoted to the
presentation of statistical data on productivity of longshore labor in
loading and discharging cargo in the principal seaports of the United
States. The data for the ports covered are given separately and in the
order in which the survey was made—Seattle, Tacoma, Grays Harbor,
Portland (Oreg.), San Francisco, and Los Angeles on the Pacific coast;
Cristobal in the Canal Zone; Galveston, Houston, Port Arthur,
New Orleans, and Mobile on the Gulf; and Savannah, Charleston
(S. C.), Norfolk, and Newport News, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston,
and New York on the Atlantic coast. The shipping lines are classified
under foreign trade, intercoastal trade, and coastwise trade, and the
foreign trades lines, according to the principal trade routes, such as
Europe, Latin America, the Orient, etc.1 Statistics for special com
modities transported in full cargoes, such as grain, raw sugar, paper,
etc., follow those of the general cargo. In each case data for loading
operations are presented separately from those for discharging
operations.
i For convenience the shipping lines are numbered, and the same line numbers are used in the text tables
in the first part of the bulletin.
20
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
The data for each port extend over the period of a year, but they
do not represent all the lines nor all the ships which loaded or dis
charged cargo at the port during the year. Many stevedore com
panies do not keep records of the labor time spent by the longshore
men in loading or discharging cargo, and some stevedore companies
were not willing to give the bureau access to their files. The records
of other organizations are kept in such form that they could not be
used for the present survey. The shipping lines stevedored by these
organizations were of necessity omitted by the bureau; but even the
remaining lines proved to be too numerous to be included in this
survey. Only the largest and the most important lines in the port,
and particularly those lines which carry large cargoes and which
operate ships in many, if not all, the major ports in the country, have
therefore been selected.
Each voyage of a ship is considered a separate unit, and the number
of ships, or voyages, chosen to represent a single line also had to be
limited. A ship a month, or 12 ships for the year covered, was con
sidered sufficient to represent a line engaged in foreign or intercoastal
trade, a smaller number of ships being shown only when fewer than 12
ships were operated by the company during the year. The actual
number of ships used was determined by the importance of the line
and the quantity of cargo carried by the ships. The object was to
cover approximately 30 to 50 per cent of the total cargo handled by
the line, but in many instances the entire cargo carried by the line dur
ing the year is given. This is true of the coastwise trade, of some inter
coastal lines, and of several lines carrying individual commodities,
such as raw sugar, bananas, etc.
The form and the method used in presenting the statistical data
are shown in Tables 1 to 7. Each table covers a representative
shipping line, selected at random, in one of the ports covered by the
survey. The same form is used to present the data for foreign and
for intercoastal shipping. In the order given are shown the cargo
tonnage expressed in long tons and in revenue tons; the number of
gang-hours worked in handling the cargo; the output per gang per
hour expressed in long tons and in revenue tons; the average number
of men per gang; the output per man per hour also expressed in long
tons and in revenue tons; and the average labor cost of handling a
long ton and a revenue ton of cargo.
The gang-hour productivity was determined by dividing the total
cargo tonnage shown by the total number of gang-hours shown.
The average number of men per gang was determined by dividing the
total number of man-hours (not shown in the table) by the total num
ber of gang-hours. The labor productivity per man-hour was derived
by dividing the total cargo tonnage by the total number of manhours. The man-hour productivity can also be determined by divid
ing the gang-hour output by the average number of men in the gang.
The average labor cost of the cargo handled was determined by
dividing the regular hourly rate of wages for longshore work by the
number of tons handled per man per hour. This method is generally
used to determine what is known as the “ straight-time-basis ” cost.
This cost is considerably lower than the actual labor cost of handling
the cargo, as it does not take into consideration the higher rate of wages
received by some men in the gang, the higher penalty rates applied
to some commodities, and especially the amount of overtime worked
METHOD OF PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA
21
by the men in handling the cargo. Actual labor cost of cargo hand
ling, however, can not be used as a criterion for the productivity of
labor in handling the cargo. It is quite conceivable, for instance, that
ships loaded or discharged during overtime hours should have a
higher man-hour productivity than ships handled during straighttime hours. Nevertheless the actual labor cost for the first group will
invariably prove higher than that for the second group, simply
because the overtime rate of wages is much higher than the regular
straight-time rate. The difference in the two rates is so large that
the actual cost depends more on the amount of overtime involved
than on the labor productivity in handling the cargo. The “ straighttime-basis” cost eliminates the effects of overtime work, except in so
far as it directly influences the output of labor.
In each table the total number of ships loaded or discharged, the
total cargo handled, the average labor productivity, and the average
labor cost for the entire cargo appear first. Whenever it was possible
to segregate the total cargo and give the principal commodities and
also to determine the labor time spent on each commodity, these are
shown next. (See Tables 2, 3, and 6.) Following the data for total
cargo are the figures for individual ships. Data for six ships of each
line are shown in detail, the distribution of their cargoes by com
modities and the labor productivity for the ship as a whole as well as
for the individual commodities, if available, being given. The first two
ships shown are those with the highest man-hour productivity for the
line, the next two represent the lowest man-hour productivity, and the
last two represent the average man-hour productivity. The data for
these six ships are calculated to tell the whole story of the line. They
give an idea of the nature of the commodities carried by the line,
their quantities, and their distribution from ship to ship. They also
give for the entire line the range within which the productivity of
labor and the labor cost of cargo handling varied during the period
covered. The data for the remaining ships are presented in the same
form as those for the total cargo, to indicate the variation of labor
productivity and labor cost from ship to ship.2
Table 1 covers a representative shipping line loading cargo in New
York which is destined for Australia. The line is represented by 12
ships with a total cargo of 57,199 long tons or 106,057 revenue tons.
The principal commodities and their tonnages were: Automobile and
automobile parts, 13,130 long tons or 47,400 revenue tons; lubricating
oil, in drums and barrels, 11,535 long tons or 17,300 revenue tons;
refined oil, in cases, 6,573 long tons or 9,222 revenue tons; and agri
cultural implements, 3,225 long tons or 6,450 revenue tons. The
rest was mixed or general cargo.
The average output per gang-hour for all 12 ships was 12.3 long
tons or 22.8 revenue tons, and the average productivity per man-hour
was 0.56 long ton or 1.05 revenue tons. The straight-time-basis
labor cost was $1.52 per long ton or 81 cents per revenue ton. The
labor productivity and the labor cost of loading the individual com
modities are not shown because there was no way of segregating the
labor time spent on these commodities.
The data for the first two ships give the maximum productivity of
labor, measured in terms of revenue tons loaded per man per hour, as
* In the general tables in the second part of the bulletin the data for “ other ships ” are omitted in most
cases, because of lack of space.
22
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
1.39 revenue tons per man-hour for the first ship and 1.35 revenue
tons per man-hour for the second ship. The figures for the next two
ships show the minimum man-hour productivity, which is 0.84 revenue
ton for the third ship and 0.90 revenue ton for the fourth ship. The
data for the last two ships represent the average productivity per manhour, which are 1.05 revenue tons for the fifth ship and 1.12 revenue
tons for the sixth ship. (The man-hour productivity of the remaining
six ships varied between 0.94 and 1.19 revenue tons.) The distribu
tion of the ships’ cargoes by commodities is given in the table,
thus indicating the principal commodities of the line. The figures
shown emphasize clearly the differences in the tonnages of the cargo
when measured in long tons and in revenue tons, which is a character
istic feature of most ships loaded in the port of New York.
T able
1.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in loading cargo in New York for
foreign trade: Australia
{Principal commodities: Automobiles and automobile parts, 13,130 long tons or 47,400 revenue tons; lubri
cating oil, 11,535 long tons or 17,300 revenue tons; case oil, 6,573 long tons or 9,222 revenue tons; and
agricultural implements, 3,225 long tons or 6,450 revenue tons]
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Output per Aver Output per Average la
gang-hour
man-hour borcost per—
age
num
Gangber
of
hours
Rev men Long Rev Long Rev
Long enue
per
enue
tons enue
tons tons gang
tons ton
ton
1928
L ine N o. 59
Total, 12 ships__________________ 57,199 106,057 4,658.0
12.3
22.8
21.8
0.56
1.05 $1.52' $0.81
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (February):
Automobiles and parts______
Lubricating oil________ _____
Agricultural implements_____
General cargo_______________
850
515
840
365
3,700
773
1,280
456
Total_____________________ 2,570
6,209
No. 2 (March):
Automobiles and parts_______
500
Lubricating oil______________
785
441
General cargo_______________
Case oil____________________ 1,200
Total_______ _____________
2,926
200.5
12.8
3,000
1,178 1 179.0
578
1,700
38.0
217.0
13.5
6,456
31.0
22.3
0.57
9.6
26.6
22.0
.44
1.21
1.93
.70
31.6
44.7
22.0
1.44
2.03
.59
.42
29.8
22.0
.61
1.35
1.39
.63
0.84 $1.93
$1.01
1.39 $1.49
$0.61
Ships with minimum efficiency
No. 3 (May):
Automobiles and parts_______ 1,050
Lubricating oil______________ 1,400
Agricultural implements_____
535
General cargo_______________ 1,632
3,500
2,100
1,070
2,222
T o ta l...__________________ 4,617
8,892
479.0
9.6
18.6
22.0
0.44
No. 4 (December):
Automobiles and parts.—.......
600
Lubricating oil.........................
800
Agricultural implements.........
400
Steel..........................................
825
Asphalt________________ ____
725
General cargo_______________ 1,670
Case oil_______________ _____ 1,140
2,000
1,200
800
825
725
1,890
1,600
415.0
12.1
17.9
22.0
.55
.81
43.0
26.5
37.2
22.0
1.21
1.69
.70
.50
9,040
458.0
13.4
19.7
22.0
.61
.90
1.39
.94
Total______________ _____
6,160
1.55
1.05
23
METHOD OP PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA
T able 1.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in loading cargo in New York for
foreign trade: Australia—Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Output per Aver Output per Average la
man-hour bor cost per—
gang-hour
age
num
Gangber of
hours
Long Rev men Long Rev Long Rev
per
enue
enue
tons enue
tons gang tons tons ton ton
Ships with average efficiency
1928
L ine N o. 59—Continued
No. 5 (October):
Automobiles and parts_______ 1,350
Lubricating oil______________
350
300
Agricultural implements_____
500
Pipe_______________ ________
220
Paper______________________
General cargo_______________ 1,018
5,000
525
600
500
220
1,438
Total...................................... 3,738
8,283
No. 6 (July):
730
Automobiles________________
Lubricating oil______________ 1,470
900
Paper______________________
General cargo_______________ 1,945
4,500
2,205
900
2,605
Total...................................... 5,045
10,210
357.0
10.5
23.2
22.0
0.48
413.0
12.2
24.7
22.0
.55
1.05 $1.77
1.12
1.55
$0.81
.76
Table 2 gives data for a representative line discharging cargo in
Boston which originated in South America. This line is represented
by 24 ships, with a total cargo of 49,612 long or revenue tons, the
long ton in this case serving as a revenue ton. The principal commodi
ties were hides (dry and wet), coffee, wool, and quebracho. For this
line it was possible to segregate the labor time spent in discharging
individual commodities, ana their tonnages and the productivity of
labor are shown immediately after the total cargo of the 24 ships.
The average gang-hour productivity for the entire cargo was 21.9
long tons. Coffee, with 31.1 long tons discharged per gang-hour,
showed the highest gang-hour productivity, and dry hides, with only
6.7 long tons, showed the lowest gang-hour productivity. The manhour productivity for the entire cargo was 0.92 long ton. Wool
showed the highest man-hour productivity, with 1.47 long tons, and
dry hides the lowest productivity, with 0.33 long ton discharged per
man per hour. The straight-time-basis labor cost for the entire cargo
was 92 cents per long ton, with a minimum cost of 58 cents per ton of
wool discharged ana a maximum cost of $2.58 per ton of dry hides.
The data for the first two ships show the maximum man-hour produc
tivity of 1.27 long tons for the first ship and 1.25 long tons for the
second ship. The minimum man-hour productivity in the third and
fourth ships was 0.72 and 0.75 long ton, respectively; and the average
man-hour productivity shown for the fifth and for the sixth ships was
0.92 and 0.93 long ton, respectively.
24
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
T able 2.—Productivity of labor and labor cost in discharging cargo in Boston in
foreign trade: South America
Output per
gang-hour
Aver
age
num
Gangber
of
hours
Long Revenue
Long Revenue men
per
tons
tons
tons
tons
gang
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of opera
tion, and commodity
Output per Average la
bor cost
man-hour
per—
Reve
Long Reve
nue Long
tons tons
ton nue
ton
1928
L ine N o. 11
Total, 24 ships.......................... 49,612
49,612 2,262.8
Hides, wet.......................... 15,651 1720,005
633 1104,290
Hides, dry...................... .
14,438 2244,747
Coffee...........................—
4,758
Wool................................... 4,758
Quebracho.........................
1,976
1,976
General cargo..................— 12,156
12,156
902.3
94.2
464.1
163.1
84.7
554.4
21.9
23.8
0.92
17.4 1798.0
6.7 il, 107.0
31.1 2 527.0
29.2
29.2
23.3
23.3
21.9
21.9
25.0
20.6
27.1
19.8
21.6
20.9
.70
.70
.33
.33
1.15 219.3
1.47 1.47
1.08 1.08
1.05 1.05
21.9
0.92 $0.92
$0.92
1.21
1.21
2.58
2.58
.74 3 4.43
.58
.58
.79
.79
.81
.81
Ships w ith m axim u m efficiency
No. 1 (December):
Coffee.................................
Wool...................................
Quebracho.........................
Casein............................. .
General cargo.....................
T ota l--.........................
No. 2 (June):
Coffee............................ .
Hides, w e t .................... .
Canned goods....................
Wool...................................
Skins and pelts............—
Total...............................
21.5
21.8
9.3
8.0
29.9
32.2
27.8
22.5
? 507.7
32.2
27.8
22.5
27.9
19.5
22.5
20.6
1.07 218.2 $0.79 3$4.67
1.65 1.65
.52
.52
1.24 1.24
.69
.69
1.09 1.09
.78
.78
1,781
60.6
29.4
29.4
23.1
1.27
679 211,475
159 14,850
137 <11,000
155
*350
20
20
20.0
5.3
7.3
4.3
1.0
33.9 2 573.8
30.0 1915.1
18.8 <1,506.9
*81.4
36.0
20.3
20.3
27.6
24.0
19.0
18.5
27.0
1.23 220.8
1.26 1.26
1.00 1.00
1.95 1.95
.75
.75
37.9
30.3
24.3
1.25
642 2 10,917
702
702
257
257
123
123 }
57
57
1,781
1,150
1,150
30.3
1.27
1.25
.67
.67
.69 34.09
.67
.67
.85
.85
.44
.44
1.13
1.13
.68
.68
Ships w ith m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (March):
Coffee _________________
W o o l__________________
Quebracho______________
Hides, wet______________
General cargo___________
878
105
150
777
49
878
106
150
777
49
Total............................. .
1,960
1,960
No. 4 (October):
Coffee.............................. .
Hides, wet..........................
Bones.............................. .
Hides, dry..........................
General cargo.....................
Total...............................
105.8 18.0
340 25,750 13.0
450 123,478 28.5
92
92 11.0
20
20
205
205 } 11.5
1,107 1,107 64.0
18.0
25.9 0.72 0.72 $1.18 $1.18
26.1 2442.3 27.0
15.8 1823.8 24.0
8.4
8.4 19.0
19.6
19.6 20.9
.97
17.3
.75
17.3 23.0
216.4 .88 35.18
.66 .66 1.29 1.29
.44 .44 1.93 1.93
.94 : .94 .90 .90
.75 1.13
1.13
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (October):
Coffee.................................
Hides, dry..........................
Hides, wet......................
Skins, pickled....................
Bones..................................
Quebracho...................... —
Wool................................General cargo.....................
Total..................... .........
i Pieces.
*Bags.
605 210,250 21.3
2.3
27 14,400
334 118,817 20.5
6397
294
6.0
185
185 18.0
92
92
84
84 | 14.0
101
101
1,723 1,723 82.1
3Per 100bags.
28.4 2481.2 27.0 1.05 217.9 $0.81 3$4.75
12.0 11,955.6 19.0 .63 .63 1.35 1.35
16.3 1917.9 25.9 .63 .63 1.35 1.35
49.1 666.2 18.8 2.60 2.60 .33 .33
10.3
10.3 19.0 .54 .54 1.57 1.57
19.8
19.8 18.7 1.06 1.06 .80 .80
21.0
*Cases.
21.0 22.7
.92
*Bales.
.92
.92
6Casks.
.92
25
METHOD OF PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA
T a b l e 2 .—
Productivity of labor and labor cost in discharging cargo in Boston in
foreign trade: South America— Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Aver
age
num
Gangber of
hours
Long Revenue men
Long Revenue
per
tons
tons
tons
tons
gang
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of opera
tion, and commodity
la
Output per Average
bor cost
man-hour
per—
Reve
Long Reve
nue Long
tons tons
ton nue
ton
Ships with average efficiency—Continued
1928
L in e No. 11—Continued
No. 6 (March):
Coffee.......... .......................
Hides, wet..........................
Other cargo........................
Total...............................
404 26,850
1,254 l 58,513
1,491
1,491
3,149
3,149
13.0
83.0
51.0
31.1
15.1
29.2
a 526.9
»704.9
29.2
26.1
24.7
19.3
147.0
21.4
21.4
22.9
1.19 220.2 $0.71 3$4.21
.61
.61 1.39
1.39
1.52 1.52
.56
.56
.93
.93
.91
.91
0.86 $0.99
1.19
.71
.84 1.01
1.04
.82
1.02
.83
.82 1.03
.86
.99
.86
.99
.80 1.06
.94
.90
.83 1.02
1.08
.79
1.11
.77
.97
.88
1.24
.69
.78 1.09
1.04
.82
.85 1.00
$0.99
.71
1.01
.82
.83
1.03
.99
.99
1.06
.94
1.02
.79
.77
.88
.69
1.09
.82
1.00
Other ships
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
7 (January)....................
8 (January).....................
9 (February)..................
10 (February)___ _____
11 (April).......................
12 (M ay).......................
13 (M ay).......................14 (June).............. ..........
15 (M ay).............. .........
16 (June)........................
17 (July).........................
18 (July).........................
19 (August).......... ..........
20 (August)....................
21 (September)..............
22 (October)...................
23 (November)..............
24 (December)................
i Pieces.
1,912
2,417
1,682
1,819
4,227
3,398
3,931
2,372
2,000
2,282
1,980
1,315
1,929
2,200
1,558
1,401
1,011
1,308
1,912
2,417
1,682
1,819
4,227
3,398
3,931
2,372
2,000
2,282
1,980
1,315
1,929
2,200
1,558
1,401
1,011
1,308
98.8
86.6
87.8
73.1
175.9
177.6
187.8
118.2
101.7
106.9
100.2
51.8
72.8
103.6
53.3
68.4
41.1
61.3
2 Bags.
19.4
27.9
19.2
24.9
24.0
19.1
20.9
20.1
19.7
21.4
19.8
25.4
27.4
21.2
29.2
20.5
24.6
21.3
19.4
27.9
19.2
24.9
24.0
19.1
20.9
20.1
19.7
21.4
19.8
25.4
27.4
21.2
29.2
20.5
24.6
21.3
22.5
23.4
22.9
24.0
23.5
23.4
24.5
23.3
24.7
23.7
23.9
23.4
23.9
21.9
23.6
26.2
23.6
25.1
0.86
1.19
.84
1.04
1.02
.82
.86
.88
.80
.90
.83
1.08
1.11
.97
1.24
.78
1.04
.85
3 Per 100 bags.
Table 3 shows data for a line loading cargo in Mobile destined for
South America and the Orient. The 12 ships chosen to represent the
line carried 40,855 long or revenue tons. It being possible to segre
gate the labor time spent in loading the principal commodities of this
line, these commodities, viz., lumber, shooks, agricultural implements,
iron and steel, zinc slabs, rosin, and lubricating oil, and the labor
productivity and labor cost therefor are shown immediately after the
data for total cargo of the 12 ships of the iine. The gang-hour output
for the entire cargo was 13.5 long tons, while that for individual com
modities ranged from 11.1 long tons in loading lumber to 23.1 long
tons in loading rosin. The man-hour productivity for the entire
cargo was 0.77 long ton, and that for individual commodities ranged
from 0.63 long ton of agricultural implements to 1.43 long tons of
rosin. The labor cost for the entire cargo was 78 cents per long ton,
with a minimum cost of 42 cents per ton of rosin, and a maximum of
95 cents per ton of agricultural implements. The maximum manhour productivity, shown in the data for the first two ships, was 0.85
and 0.84 long ton, respectively; the minimum man-hour productivity,
shown for the next two ships, were 0.65 and 0.69 long ton, respectively;
and the average man-hour productivity, shown for the last two ships
given in detail, were 0.77 and 0.75 long ton, respectively.
66490° —32----- 3
26
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
T able
3*— Productivity of labor and labor cost in loading cargo in Mobile for foreign
trade: South America and Orient
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Average
Output per Aver Output per
labor cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber
of
hours
men
per Long Reve Long Reve
Long Reve
nue
nue
nue
gang
tons tons1
tons tons*
ton to
n1
1927
L ine No. 7
Total, 12 ships................................. 40,855
Lumber....................................
Shooks............ ..........................
Agricultural implements.........
Iron and steel.......... ................
Zinc slabs-------------- ------------Rosin......... ...............................
Oil_________________________
General cargo...........................
15,115
10,581
5.030
2,651
1,290
1,271
1,001
3,916
40,855 3,028.3
13.5
13.5
17.6
0.77
0.77 $0.78
8,781 1,361.5
10,581
616.5
5,030
434.0
2,651
183.3
1,290
58.0
1,271
55.0
53.0
1,001
267.0
3,916
11.1
17.2
11.6
14.5
22.2
23.1
18.9
14.7
6.4
17.2
11.6
14.5
22.2
23.1
18.9
14.7
16.0
19.6
18.4
19.5
17.0
16.1
19.1
18.6
.69
.87
.63
.74
1.31
1.43
.99
.79
.40
.87
.63
.74
1.31
1.43
.99
.79
$0.78
.87
.69
.95
.81
.46
.42
.61
.76
1.50
.69
.95
.81
.46
.42
.61
.76
0.87 $0.69
1.33
.45
.90
.67
.87
.69
.57
1.05
.46 •.72
.54 1.11
$0.69
.45
.67
.87
.57
1.30
1.11
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (June):
741
Shooks_____________________
277
Rosin___________ __________
153
Agricultural implements
Hoop steel. ________ _________
136
Sheet steel..________________
116
Lumber____________________ 2,042
131
General cargo.____ ___ ______
741
277
153
136
116
1,130
131
44.5
13.0
11.0
10.5
5.5
153.5
14.0
16.7
21.3
13.9
13.0
21.1
13.3
9.4
16.7
21.3
13.9
13.0
21.1
7.4
9.4
19.2
16.0
15.5
18.9
20.0
16.0
17.3
0.87
1.33
.90
.69
1.05
.83
.54
Total___________________ _ 3,596
3,596
252.0
14.3
14.3
16.8
.85
.85
.71
.71
No. 2 (November):
Shooks___________________ _ 1,170
400
Zinc slabs...______ _________
Iron and steel_______________
175
Lumber____________________ 2,504
333
General cargo_______________
1,170
400
175
1,473
333
50.0
19.5
10.5
218.5
20.0
23.4
20.5
16.7
11.5
16.7
23.4
20.5
16.7
6.7
16.7
20.0
16.5
20.1
16.1
19.8
1.17
1.24
.83
.71
.84
1.17
1.24
.83
.42
.84
.51
.48
.72
.85
.71
.51
.48
.72
1.43
.71
4,582
4,582
318.5
14.4
14.4
17.1
.84
.84
.71
.71
0.60 $1.00
.79
.76
.97
.62
.86
.70
.36
.95
.63
.95
$1.00
.79
.97
.70
1.67
.95
Total.....................................
Ships with minimum efficiency
No. 3 (February):
528
Iron and steel_______________
604
Shooks________________ ____
Agricultural implements_____
340
130
Drum oil___________________
Lumber____________________ 1,336
General cargo_______________
285
528
604
340
130
765
285
46.5
45.5
31.5
9.5
133.0
25.5
11.4
13.3
10.8
13.7
10.0
11.2
11.4
13.3
10.8
13.7
5.8
11.2
18.8
17.6
17.5
16.0
16.0
17.9
0.60
.76
.62
.86
.63
.63
Total_____________________ 3,223
3,223
291.5
11.1
11.1
17.0
.65
.65
.92
.92
982
226
188
143
614
406
982
226
188
143
350
406
60.5
24.0
8.5
13.5
66.5
26.0
16.2
9.4
22.1
10.6
9.2
15.6
16.2
9.4
22.1
10.6
5.3
15.6
20.0
20.0
21.0
21.0
16.0
18.6
.81
.47
1.05
.50
.58
.84
.81
.47
1.05
.50
.33
.84
.74
1.28
.57
1.20
1.03
.71
.74
1.28
.57
1.20
1.82
.71
Total..................................... 2,559
2,559
199.0
12.9
12.9
18.6
.69
.69
.87
.87
No. 4 (February):
Shooks....... ...... ................ ........
Agricultural implements_____
Oil_________ ________ ____ —
Sanitary fixtures____________
Lumber____________________
General cargo_______________
i Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
27
METHOD OP PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA
T able 3.— Productivity of labor and labor cost in loading cargo in Mobile for foreign
trade: South America and Orient— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
tons tons1
tons tons1
ton tnue
on1
Ships with average efficiency
1927
L in e N o. 7—Continued
No. 5 (March):
Shooks....................................... 1,059
Agricultural implements_____
486
Drum oil....................... ..........
179
Iron and steel_______________
160
Sheet steel................................
165
Rosin........................................
239
Lumber...................................
229
General cargo...........................
172
1,059
486
179
150
165
239
142
172
70.5
33.5
8.5
11.3
10.5
10.0
24.0
14.5
15.0
14.5
21.1
13.3
15.7
23.9
9.5
11.9
15.0
14.5
21.1
13.3
15.7
23.9
5.9
11.9
20.3
19.5
20.0
19.7
19.3
16.4
16.0
17.7
0.75
.74
1.05
.67
.81
1.46
.60
.67
0.75 $0.80
.74
.81
.57
1.05
.67
.90
.81
.74
.41
1.46
.37 1.00
.67
.90
$0.80
.81
.57
.90
.74
.41
1.62
.90
Total..................................... 2,679
2,679
182.8
14.6
14.6
18.9
.77
.77
.78
.78
No. 6 (July):
Agricultural implements_____ 1,119
Shooks.......................................
879
Rosin........................ ...............
404
Iron and steel...........................
148
Oil.............................................
126
Sheet steel................................
104
Tobacco....................................
193
Lumber............................ ........
723
General cargo...........................
117
1,119
879
404
148
126
104
193
429
117
101.5
49.5
18.0
8.0
5.5
6.0
10.5
67.5
12.0
11.0
17.8
22.4
18.5
22.9
17.3
18.4
10.7
9.8
11.0
17.8
22.4
18.5
22.9
17.3
18.4
6.4
9.8
18.7
19.8
16.0
19.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
16.0
20.1
.59
.90
1.40
.97
1.15
.87
.92
.67
.49
.59
.90
1.40
.97
1.15
.87
.92
.40
.49
i.02
.67
.43
.62
.52
.69
.65
.90
1.22
1.02
.67
.43
.62
.52
.69
.65
1.50
1.22
Total...................................... 3,813
3,813
278.5
13.7
13.7
18.2
.75
.75
.80
.80
1Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
Table 4 presents data for a line loading cargo in Los Angeles des
tined for the Orient. The line is represented by 15 ships, with a
total of 10,231 long tons or 12,981 revenue tons. The principal
commodities were old newspapers, cotton, and soda ash, but it was
not possible to secure the labor time spent on loading these com
modities. The average output per gang per hoar was 19.2 long
tons or 24.4 revenue tons. The man-hour output was 1.01 long
tons or 1.29 revenue tons, and the average labor cost for the en
tire cargo was 89 cents per long ton and 70 cents per revenue ton.
The maximum man-hour output, shown in the data for the first
two ships, were 1.98 and 1.54 revenue tons, respectively; the mini
mum man-hour output, shown for the next two ships, were 0.99 and
1 revenue ton, respectively; and the average man-hour output,
shown for the last two ships given in detail, were 1.28 and 1.33
revenue tons, respectively. The productivity of the remaining ships
ranged from 1.03 to 1.39 revenue tons per man-hour.
28
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
T able 4*— Labor productivity and labor cost in loading cargo in Los Angeles for
foreign trade: Orient
- [Principal commodities: Old newspapers (6,314 long tons or 7,072 revenue tons), cotton, and soda ash]
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Total, 15 ships................................ 10,231
12,981
la
Output per Aver Output per Average
bor cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Rev per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
tons enue
gang
tons enue
ton
tons
tons ton
1926
L ine No. 15
531.9
19.2
24.4
19.0
1.01
1.29 $0.89
$0.70
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (December):
Cotton...............
Copper..............
General cargo...
Total _
No. 2 (April):
Old newspapers..
Soda ash_______
Total-
425
212
109
1,071
237
163
746
1,471
453
136
507
152
589
659
39.2
19.0
37.6
19.0
1.00
1 98 $0.90
22.5
26.2
29.3
19.0
1.38
1.54
$0.45
.65
.58
0.99 $1.11
$0.91
Ships with minimum efficiency
No. 3 (April):
Old newspapers..
General cargo___
Total _
No. 4 (August):
Old newspapers..
General cargo___
Total _
454
154
509
228
608
737
341
54
382
61
395
443
39.4
15.4
18.8
19.0
0.81
23.3
16.9
19.0
19.0
.89
1.00
1.01
.90
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (November):
Old newspapers..
Cotton................
Soda ash............
General cargo___
TotalNo. 6 (December):
Old newspapers..
C otton...............
Soda ash............ .
General cargo___
Total _
402
93
140
281
450
235
157
330
916
1,172
405
60
180
44
454
116
202
66
689
838
48.3
19.0
24.3
19.0
1.00
1.28 $0.90
$0.70
33.1
20.7
25.3
19.0
1.09
1.33
.83
.68
1.00
.85
1.02
1.10
1.12
.87
1.22
.97
1.00
1.16 $0.90 $0.78
.78
1.16 1.06
.88
.66
1.37
.82
1.39
.65
.80
.71
1.26
.87
1.03 1.03
.74
.66
1.36
•93
.77
1.17
.90
.76
1.19
Other ships
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
7 (February)__
8 (March)-------9 (March).........
10 (April)..........
11 (June)--.......
No. 12 (July)---------No. 13 (July)______
No. 14 (August)____
No. 15 (September).
960
629
519
1,433
860
533
415
535
404
1,121
859
695
1,809
964
631
464
641
477
50.7
39.1
26.7
68.6
40.8
32.1
18.0
28.9
21.2
19.0
16.2
19.4
21.1
21.3
16.5
23.2
18.4
19.0
22.0
22.0
26.0
26.4
23.9
19.6
25.8
22.2
22.6
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
29
METHOD OF PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA
Table 5 gives data for an intercoastal line discharging cargo in
New Orleans. The line is represented by 22 ships, with a total cargo
of 58,629 long tons or 65,673 short tons. The short ton is the reve
nue ton in intercoastal trade. The major commodities were canned
goods (19,665 short tons), lumber (5,890 short tons), refined sugar
(5,052 short tons), flour (3,153 short tons), and beans (2,464 short
tons). The average gang-hour output for the entire cargo was 19.7
long tons or 22.1 short tons; the average man-hour output was 0.73
long ton or 0.82 short ton; and the average labor cost was 89 cents
per long ton or 79 cents per short ton. The maximum productivity,
shown m the data for the first two ships, was 1 and 1.10 short tons
respectively per man-hour; the minimum productivity was 0.65 and
0.60 short ton per man-hour; and the average productivity was 0.83
and 0.82 short ton, respectively, per man per hour for the last two
ships given in detail. The productivity of the other ships varied from
0.70 to 1.00 short tons per man-hour.
T able 5. —Labor productivity and labor cost in discharging cargo in New Orleans
in intercoastal trade
[Principal commodities: Canned goods, 19,665 short tons; lumber, 5,890 short tons; refined sugar, 5,052
short tons; flour, 3,153 short tons; beans, 2,464 short tons]
Cargo
tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons*
Output per Aver Output per Average la
gang-hour
man-hour bor cost per—
age
num
Gangber of
hours
men Long Reve Long Reve
Long Reve
per
nue
nue
nue
tons tons*
gang tons tons* ton
ton*
1927
Line N o. 19
Total, 22 ships............................ 58,629
65,673 2,977.3
19.7
22.1
27.0
0.73
0.82 $0.89
$0.79
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (November):
Lum ber___ ____________
995
Canned goods_____________
310
Flour...... .............................
100
General cargo_____________ 3,419
1,114
347
112
3,830
Total_________ _________ 4,824
5,403
No. 2 (July):
Sugar, refined....... ................ 1,804
Lumber..............................
331
Canned goods....... ...............
760
General cargo____ _________
634
2,020
371
851
710
Total.................................. 3,529
3,952
200.4
24.0
27.0
27.0
0.89
132.8
26.5
29.7
27.0
.98
1.00 $0.73
1.10
$0.65
.66
.59
0.65 $1.12
$1.00
Ships with minimum efficiency
No. 3 (February):
Canned goods...................... .
734
Flour.....................................
400
Beans....................................
325
General cargo........................ 1,031
822
448
364
1,155
Total..................................
2,490
2,789
No. 4 (March):
Lumber....................... .........
Canned goods_____________
Beans............... ....................
Flour........................... .........
General cargo.................. .
884
690
275
210
182
990
773
308
235
204
Total.................................. 2,241
2,510
1Short tons.
157.9
15.7
11.6
27.0
0.58
14.3
16.2
27.0
.53
*
156.2
.60
1.23
1.08
30
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
T able 5.—Labor productivity and labor cost in discharging cargo in New Orleans
in intercoastal trade— Continued
Cargo
tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons*
Output per Aver Output per Average la
man-hour bor cost per—
gang-hour
age
num
Gangber of
hours
men Long Reve Long Reve
Long Reve
per
nue
nue
nue
tons tons1
gang tons tons i ton
ton*
Ships with average efficiency
1927
L ine N o. 19—Continued
No. 5 (April):
CJanned goods,
Flour_____ ____ - ..............
Beans.,
_
General cargo_____________
1,050
200
160
394
1,176
224
179
441
Total................................. - 1,804
2,020
No. 6 (May):
Lumber__________________
Canned goods____________
Flour_____________________
General cargo_____________
216
850
280
356
242
952
314
404
Total................................... 1,702
1,912
90.3
20.0
22.4
27.0
0.74
86.6
19.7
22.1
27.0
.73
0.83 $0.88
.82
$0.78
.89
.79
0.77 $0.94
.99
.73
.70 1.03
.77
.94
.85
.86
1.00
.72
.80
.90
.76
.96
.71 1.02
.82
.88
.80
.92
.91
.80
.79
.93
.70 1.05
.84
.87
.71 1.03
$0.84
.66
.93
.84
.76
.65
.81
.86
.92
.74
.81
.71
.82
.93
.77
.92
Other ships
No. 7 (January)......................... .
No. 8 (January)....................... .
No. 9 (March)..................... ........
No. 10 (April).............................
No. 11 (M ay)................... ...........
No. 12 (June).................... .........
No. 13 (June)................ ..............
No. 14 (July)...............................
No. 15 (August)........................
No. 16 (August)...........................
No. 17 (September)...... ..............
No. 18 (September)----------------No. 19 (October)................. ........
No. 20 (October)......................
No. 21 (December)....... ..............
No. 22 (December)____________
2,882
3,420
2,695
1,334
1,424
3, 531
2,203
1,467
1, 079
2,562
1,875
3,450
3,191
3, 370
3,856
3,700
3,228
3,830
3,019
1,494
1,595
3,955
2,468
1,644
1,209
2,869
2,100
3,864
3,574
3, 775
4,319
4,144
155.0 18.6
143.0 24.0
159.6 17.0
71. 5 18.6
69.7 20.5
146.0 24.3
114.1 19.4
80.3 18.4
62.6 17.3
120.1 21.3
97.3 19.2
157. 8 21.9
167.9 18.9
200.3 16.7
191.1 20.3
216.8 17.0
20.8
26.7
18.9
20.8
23.0
27.0
21.6
20.5
19.2
23.8
21.6
24.6
21.3
18.9
22.7
19.2
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
0.69
.89
.63
.69
.76
.90
.72
.68
.64
.79
.71
.81
.70
.62
.75
.63
i Short tons.
Table 6 presents data for an intercoastal line discharging cargo in
Seattle. The line is represented by 22 ships, with a cargo of 19,396
long tons or 21,723 short tons. Data for the principal commodities
(tin plate and steel), and the productivity and the labor cost of loading
these commodities are shown immediately after the total cargo.
The average gang-hour productivity for the entire cargo was 21.9
long tons or 24.5 short tons. Of the commodities, tin plate with 36.8
short tons per gang-hour showed the highest average productivity,
and general cargo with 14.6 short tons per gang per hour showed the
lowest average productivity. The man-hour output for the entire
cargo was 1.32 long tons or 1.48 short tons; the highest average
man-hour output was 2.16 short tons for tin plate and the lowest was
0.77 short ton for general cargo. The average labor cost for the
entire cargo wate 68 cents per long ton and 61 cents per short ton,
with 42 cents per short ton of tin plate and $1.17 per short ton of
general cargo. The data for the first two ships show a maximum
productivity of 2.67 and 2.34 short tons, respectively, per man per
31
METHOD OF PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA
hour; those for the next two ships give the minimum productivity of
0.86 and 0.95 short ton, respectively, per man per hour; and those for
the last two ships shown in detail give the average productivity of
1.48 and 1.42 short tons, respectively, per man per hour.
T able 6.— Labor 'productivity and labor cost in discharging cargo in Seattle in
intercoastal trade
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons i
Total, 22 ships............................. 19,396
21,723
Output per Aver Output per Average labor
gang-hour
man-hour
cost per—
age
num
Gangber
of
hours
Long Reve men Long Reve Long Reve
per
nue
nue
nue
tons tons
i gang tons tons 1 ton ton i
1926
L in e No. 6
Tin p la te ............................. 8,833
Steel....................................... 6,088
General cargo........................ 4,475
9,894
6,818
5,011
887.5
21.9
24.5
16.5
1.32
1.48 $0.68
$0.61
269.0
276.0
342.5
32.8
22.1
13.1
36.8
24.7
14.6
17.0
13.0
19.0
1.93
1.69
.69
2.16
1.90
.77
.47
.53
1.30
.42
.47
1.17
2.67 $0.38
2.70
.37
$0.34
.33
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (February):
Tin plate............................... 1,113
Pipe.......................................
250
1,246
281
27.5
8.0
T o ta l-............................... 1,363
1,527
616
No. 2 (March): Tin plate...........
550
40.4
31.3
45.3
35.1
35.5
38.4
43.0
16.1
2.38
2.67
.38
.34
15.5
35.5
39.7
17.0
2.09
2.34
.43
.38
2.52 $0.40
.42 2.43
$0.36
2.14
17.0
13.0
2.38
2.41
Ships with minimum efficiency
No. 3 (May):
Steel...............
General cargo.
.
263
133
295
148
9.0
17.5
29.3
7.6
32.8
8.5
13.0
20.0
2.25
.37
Total-
.
396
443
26.5
14.9
16.7
17.6
.85
.95
1.06
.95
No. 4 (December):
Steel_________
General cargo..
267
174
299
195
13.5
20.0
19.7
8.7
22.1
9.8
13.0
20.0
1.52
.44
1.70
.49
.59
2.05
.53
1.84
Total _
441
494
33.5
13.2
14.7
17.2
.77
.86
1.17
1.05
$0.39
1.34
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January):
Steel..........
General cargo.
341
96
382
108
13.0
8.5
26.2
11.3
29.4
12.7
13.0
21.0
2.02
.60
2.26 $0.40
.67 1.50
Total.
437
490
21.5
20.3
22.8
15.4
1.32
1.48
.68
.61
General cargo.
372
203
157
417
227
176
11.0
9.0
14.5
33.8
22.5
10.8
37.9
25.2
12.1
17.0
13.0
19.0
1.99
1.73
.57
2.23
1.94
.64
.45
.52
1.58
.40
.46
1.41
T o ta l.........
732
820
34.5
21.2
23.8
16.8
1.26
1.42
.71
.63
No. 6 (September):
Tin plate______
i Short tons.
32
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
Table 6.— Labor productivity and labor cost in discharging cargo in Seattle in
intercoastal trade—Continued
Output per Aver Output per Averagelabor
gang-hour age man-hour cost per—
num
Ship number, date of operation,
Gangber of
and commodity
hours
Reve men Long Reve Long Reve
Long Reve
Long
nue
nue per tons nue ton nue
tons tons
tons tons
1
1 gang
tons 1
ton »
Cargo tonnage
1926
Line No. 6—Continued
No. 7 (January).....................
No. 8 (February)..................
No. 9 (March)......................
No. 10 (April).......................
No. 11 (April).......................
No. 12 (April).......................
No. 13 (May).......................
No. 14 (July).......................
No. 15 (July)........................
No. 16 (July)....................... .
No. 17 (August).......... .........
No. 18 (August)................... .
No. 19 (September)................
No. 20 (October)....................
No. 21 (November)...............
No. 22 (December).................
Other ships
375
420
783
877
723
809
2,690 3,012
1,127 1,262
762
853
998 1,118
613
687
1,352 1,514
1,796 2,012
822
921
637
714
605
677
1,064 1,192
400
448
730
817
13.0
47.5
37.0
95.0
59.0
42.0
42.5
27.5
56.0
76.5
44.5
22.0
40.0
55.0
24.0
39.0
28.8
16.5
19.5
28.3
19.1
18.1
23.5
22.3
24.1
23.5
18.5
29.0
15.1
19.3
16.7
18.7
32.3
18.5
21.9
31.7
21.4
20.3
26.3
25.0
27.0
26.3
20.7
32.5
16.9
21.7
18.7
20.9
14.1
14.8
16.8
16.8
16.4
16.9
16.9
18.1
16.9
16.1
15.8
17.0
16.7
16.5
16.3
17.0
2.05
1.11
1.16
1.68
1.16
1.07
1.39
1.23
1.43
1.45
1.17
1.70
.91
1.17
1.03
1.10
2.30 $0.44
1.24 .81
1.30 .78
1.89 .54
1.30 .78
1.20 .84
1.55 .65
1.38 .73
1.60 .63
1.63 .62
1.31 .77
1.91 .53
1.01 .99
1.32 .77
1.15 .87
1.23 .82
$0.39
.73
.69
.48
.69
.75
.58
.65
.56
.55
.69
.47
.89
.68
.78
.73
i Short tons.
Table 7 shows data for a coastwise line loading cargo in San Fran
cisco. The form used for coastwise trade is different from the form
used for foreign and intercoasta] shipping. The cargo is expressed in
short tons only, which are the revenue tons in coastwise trade. As
the longshoremen are not arranged in regular gangs, instead of ganghours the total number of man-hours is shown m the table. The
ships carry comparatively small quantities of cargo, but they make
frequent voyages between ports. The entire cargo of the line is there
fore shown by weeks rather than by ships as the unit of presentation.
The total number of ships and the total cargo is shown first. Then
follow the two weeks of the year during which the ships loaded or dis
charged showed the maximum productivity per man per hour; next
are shown the two weeks with the minimum productivity per man per
hour, and following these the two weeks with the average productivity
per man per hour. The data for these 6 weeks are given in detail for
the individual ships handled, showing their cargo tonnage and their
man-hour productivity. For the remaining weeks only the weekly
tonnages and the weekly productivity are given.
In 1926 the line for which data is shown in Table 7 loaded in the
port of San Francisco 243 ships, with a total cargo of 193,025 short
tons. The average output per man per hour for the whole line was
1.13 short tons. The average straight-time-basis labor cost was 80
cents per short ton. The maximum man-hour output, shown in the
first two weeks, was 1.32 and 1.24 short tons, respectively; the mini
mum man-hour output, in the next two weeks, was 0.97 short ton for
both weeks; and the average man-hour output, in the last two weeks
given in detail, was 1.13 short tons also for both weeks. The produc
tivity of labor during the remaining weeks varied from 1.01 to 1.22
short tons loaded per man-hour.
33
METHOD OF PRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL DATA
T able 7.— Labor productivity and labor cost in loading cargo in San Francisco for
coastwise trade
Week ending-
Cargo
ton
nage
(reve
nue
tons i)
Manhours
Out
La
put
bor
per
cost
manper
hour
(reve reve
nue
nue
tons*) ton*
Week ending-
1926
1926
L in e N o . 26
Lin e N o . 26— Con.
Total, 243 ships..
193,025 170, 645.8
1.13
$0.80
Oct. 2 1 ,4 ship©-----
Weeks with maximum
efficiency
Total..
Dec. 22, 5 ships...
425.0
851.5
627.0
259.0
563.0
1.44
1.28
1.39
1.71
1.04
2, 725.5
1.32
332
334
543
1,223
482
254.0
244.4
495.5
964.5
355.5
343.0
1.31
1.37
1.11
.66
3,296
2, 657.0
1.24
.73
610
.,086
870
443
587
Total.......
Dec. 14, 6 ships.
Total-
$0.63
.70
.65
.53
.87
1.10
1.27
1.36
.71
.81
Weeks with minimum
efficiency
Dee. 7, 4 ships-----
616
449
972
576
713.0
377.5
1, 025.5
Total.......
2,613
2, 687.5
Feb. 28, 2 ships.
671
661
621.5
748.0
1,332
1, 369.5
Total.......
571.5
0.86
1.19
.95
$1.05
.76
.95
1.01
.89
.97
.93
1.02
.97
.93
Weeks with average effi
ciency
Oct. 7, 5 ships__
1.05
1.06
1.18
1.18
1.18
$0.86
458
1,255
582.5
1. 025.5
1. 030.5
386.5
1. 067.5
4,622
4, 092.5
1.13
.80
609
1,089
1,211
Total.
.85
.76
.76
.76
Cargo
ton
nage
(reve
nue
tons 0
Manhours
Out La
put
bor
per
man- cost
per
hour reve
(reve nue
nue ton*
tons
Weeks with average effi
ciency—Continued
1,020
700
502
427
960.0
615.5
362.0
396.5
1.06
1.14
1.39
1.08
.7 9
.6 5
.83
2,649
2, 334.0
1.13
.80
Other weeks
Jan. 7, 8 ships____
Jan. 14, 6 ships---Jan. 21, 6 ships___
Jan. 31,8 ships___
Feb. 7,5 ships----Feb. 14,5 ships— .
Feb. 21,4 ships— .
Mar. 7, 5 ships----Mar. 14,4 ships—
Mar. 21, 5 ships...
Mar. 31,5 ships...
Apr. 7, 6 ships___
Apr. 14,4 ships...
Apr. 21,8 ships...
Apr. 30,4 ships—
May 7, 2 ships___
May 14,4 ships...
May 21,4 ships...
May 31, 6 ships...
June 7,5 ships___
June 14, 2 ships...
June 21, 4 ships__
June 30, 5 ships...
July 7, 2 ships___
July 14, 6 ships__
July 21,7ships . . .
July 31,6 ships__
Aug. 7,4 ships___
Aug. 14, 3 ships...
Aug. 21, 6 ships...
Aug. 31, 5 ships...
Sept. 7, 6 ships___
Sept. 14, 5 ships. _
Sept. 21, 6 ships. _
Sept. 30, 7ships. .
Oct. 14, 9 ships___
Oct. 31, 6 ships___
Nov. 7, 4 ships___
Nov. 14, 5 ships....
Nov. 21, 4 ships...
Nov. 30, 8ships...
Dec. 31, 3 ships—
3,723
4,350
4,064
6,321
3,254
4,003
2,789
4,359
2,535
3,522
3,937
5.293
3,516
7,943
3,178
2,267
3,382
3,099
4,594
4.294
1,987
3,697
4,173
2,370
4,945
6,095
5,849
3,909
2,607
4,977
5,529
5,411
3,751
5,260
5,511
6,361
4,777
2,830
3,384
2, 551
5,889
2,631
3, 390.8
3. 901.5
3. 574.0
5. 213.5
2. 994.5
3. 362.0
2. 746.5
4. 038.0
1.10
3. 302.0
3. 519.5
4 ,5 5 4 0
3. 029.0
7. 531.5
2. 986.5
2. 203.0
2. 905.0
2. 796.5
4. 248.0
3. 631.0
1. 791.0
1.12
.83
.79
.8 4
.8 0
.7 8
.78
1.11
.8 5
.87
.7 8
.81
.8 3
.7 6
.81
2.220.0
.
3 144.5
3. 770.0
2. 034.5
4. 113.5
5. 230.0
4. 819.0
3. 876.0
2. 255.0
4. 187.5
4. 936.5
4. 664.0
3. 235.0
4. 316.0
4. 900.5
5. 350.0
4. 331.5
2, 657. 5
3. 233.0
2. 266.5
5. 373.0
2. 148.5
1.11
1.21
1.14
1.09
1.19
1.02
1.08
1.14
1.07
1.16
1.16
1.05
1.06
1.03
1.16
1.08
1.18
1.11
1.18
1.11
1.16
1.20
1.17
1.21
1.01
1.16
1.19
1.12
1.16
1.16
1.22
1.12
1.19
1.10
1.06
1.05
1.13
1.
1.22
10
$0.82
.81
.79
.7 4
.83
.76
.88
.86
.76
.81
.78
.7 5
.7 7
.7 4
.8 9
.78
.76
.8 0
.78
.78
.74
.8 0
.7 6
.8 2
.8 5
.86
.8 0
.82
.7 4
34
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
Productivity of Labor in Discharging and Loading General
Cargo
Table 8 contains a summary of the productivity of longshore labor
in discharging and loading miscellaneous or general-foreign-trade cargo
in the principal seaports of the United States; Table 9, a summary of
productivity of longshore labor in loading and discharging intercoastal
cargo; and Table 10, a summary of the productivity of longshore labor
in handling coastwise cargo.
The term “ general cargo” is used here to indicate the sum total of
the cargo handled by the individual lines. It must be emphasized
that the types of general cargo handled in the different ports vary
considerably. As shown in the preceding tables, the cargo handled
in New York is of an entirely different type from the cargo handled in
Boston, in Mobile, or in Los Angeles. This is true of the foreign
trade, of the intercoastal cargoes, and of the coastwise trade alike.
In intercoastal trade the cargo loaded in the eastern ports is discharged
on the west coast, and the cargo loaded in the western ports is dis
charged on the east coast. In the coastwise trade the cargo loaded
in the North is discharged in the South, and vice versa. The varia
tions in the nature of the cargo are so important that the differences
in the productivity of longshore labor in handling miscellaneous car
goes in the different ports, which are shown in Tables 8, 9, and 10,
must be related to the differences in the cargo rather than to any
other cause, such as methods of cargo handling or equipment used in
loading and discharging ships.
In (Sscharging foreign cargo the average productivity per man per
hour is shown to vary from 0.57 long ton for large passenger liners in
New York to 1.85 long tons for the oriental trade of Portland, Oreg.
In the intercoastal trade the productivity per man-hour varies from
0.53 short ton for Charleston to 1.32 short tons for Mobile; and in the
coastwise trade from 0.51 short ton for Galveston to 1.54 short tons
for Los Angeles.
In loading foreign cargo the productivity per man-hour varies from
0.50 long ton for Charleston, S. C., to 1.45 long tons for Mobile. In
the intercoastal trade the variations in loading are from 0.53 short
ton per man per hour for Boston to 1.28 short tons for Portland, Oreg.
In the coastwise trade the loading productivity per man per hour
varies from 0.69 short ton for Charleston to 1.51 short tons for Seattle
and Galveston.
35
DISCHARGING AND LOADING GENERAL CARGO
T able 8.— Labor productivity in handling general cargo in foreign trade
[ Por Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Cristobal, data are for 1926; for Galveston, Houston,
Port Arthur, New Orleans, Mobile, Savannah, Charleston, Norfolk, and Newport News, Baltimore,
and Philadelphia, for 1927; and for Boston and New York, for 1928]
SEATTLE
Discharging cargo
Output per
gang-hour
Trade route, and
line number
Long
tons
Orient:
Line No. 1............ 22.5
Line No. 2............ 25.3
Line No. 3............ 0)
Average............. 2 24.2
Loading cargo
Output per
man-hour
Reve Long Reve
nue
nue
tons
tons
tons
53.6
44.4
26.2
1.02
.94
0)
35.8 | 2.97
2.44
1.65
.85
1.26
Output per
gang-hour
Trade route, and
line number
Orient:
Line No. 4...........
Lins No. 5...........
Average..........
Long
tons
26.5
Output per
man-hour
Reve Long Reve
nue
nue
tons
tons
tons
0
36.6
26.8
1.28
0)
1.76
1.17
3 26.5
29.5
81.28
1.32
15.8
17.7
0.82
0.92
PORTLAN D
Europe:
Line No. 1............
Line No. 2............
25.9
13.9
29.0
15.6
1.61
.87
1.80
.97
Average............
20.6
22.8
1.23
1.43
Orient:
Line No. 3............
24.4
27.3
1.85
2.07
Europe:
Line No. 4...........
SAN FRANCISCO
Europe:
Line No. 1..
(0
Orient:
Line No. 2~
Line No. 3 Line No. 4-.
26.8
18.6
0)
Average..
219.5
Latin America:
Line No. 5~
Line No. 6~
(0
21.1
Averaga..
321.1
1.57
Europe:
Line No. 7.
Line No. 8_
21.0
34.2
28.4
1.48
1.07
1.79
1.44
Average..
22.9
!9.9
1.17
1.53
2.08
1.03
0)
2.32
1.56
1.56
Orient:
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
0)
0)
.94
2.17
1.70
1.57
1.47
28.3 2 1.12
21.8
0)
9.
10.
11.
12.
21.2
0)
0)
16.9
28.3
26.5
1.62
Average..
2 17.7
31.4
0)
1.10
1.62
1.23
Latin America:
Lina No. 13.
Line No. 14.
24.7 3 1.10
1.41
Average. _
30.0
28.1
28.1
25.6
23.7
1.20
24.7
22.3
1.79
1.
1.48
1.41
0)
22.4
(9
21.1
14.7
14.0
28.4
23.8
17.0
1.11
.82
.78
1.50
1.32
.94
LOS ANGELES
Europe:
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
l.__.
2— .
3— .
4— .
12.9
17.0
14.0
9.8
14.5
19.1
16.4
11.9
1.08
.90
.78
.51
1.20
1.01
Average___
13.6
15.7
.81
.93
.91
.62
South America:
Line No. 5—
Line No. 6....
28.2
28.5
31.6
31.9
1.51
1.19
1.69
1.33
Average___
28.3
31.7
1.38
1.54
Central America:
Line No. 7— .
9.0
10.0
.65
.73
Orient:
Line No, 8— .
13.0
16.8
. C3
Europe:
Line No. 9.
Line No. 10.
Line No. 11
Average..
15.5
20.8
.85
1.14
Latin America:
Line No. 12.
11.1
12.4
.85
.95
Orient:
Line No. 13.
Line No. 14.
Line No. 15.
21.8
18.8
19.2
35.6
30.6
24.4
.94
1.14
1.01
1.78
1.61
1.29
Average...
19.8
31.1
1.02
1.60
.82
2Average for 2 lines only.
a Average for 1 line only.
36
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
T able
8.— Labor 'productivity in handling general cargo in foreign trade— Continued
C R ISTOBAL (CANAL ZONE)
Discharging cargo
Output per
gang-hour
Trade route, and
line number
Europe:
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Long
tons
1.
2.
3.
4.
Average..
Latin America:
Line No. 5.
Line No. 6.
Line No. 7.
AverageUnited States:
Line No. 8.
Loading cargo
Output per
man-hour
Reve Long Reve
nue
nue
tons
tons
tons
0.64
.46
.42
19.9
17.7
14.8
11.9
0)
15.9
(0
27.5
17.8
16.4
23.0
(0
18.7
(0
.42
0)
.46
.34
.55
8
0)
0)
.42
Output per
gang-hour
Trade route, and
line number
Europe:
Line No. 9.
Long
tons
Output per
man-hour
Reve Long
nue
tons
tons
Reve
nue
tons
(0
11.5
0)
0.39
8
12.9
8
.47
.41
Average. _
<9
12.4
0)
.43
United States:
Line No. 12.
(0
19.9
(9
.57
2...........
3______
4...........
5______
24.3
24.3
19.9
24.3
20.0
19.9
24.3
1.28
1.25
1.24
1.23
1.28
1.25
1.24
1.23
Average..............
21.7
21.7
1.25
1.25
Europe:
Line No. 4...........
Line No. 5...........
Line No. 6...........
Line No. 7...........
Line No. 8______
Line No. 9...........
25.5
23.0
22.9
21.7
20.5
15.9
25.5
23.0
22.9
21.7
20.5
15.9
1.32
1.28
1.28
1.26
1.14
1.32
1.28
1.28
1.26
1.14
Average............
22.5
22.5
1.24
1.24
19.0
19.0
0.75
0.75
Europe:
Line No. 8...........
Line No. 9...........
Line No. 10.........
Line No. 11.........
Line No. 12_____
Line No. 13.........
Line No. 14.........
Average.......... .
18.4
17.6
19.2
14.8
14.1
15.4
13.0
16.5
18.4
17.6
19.2
14.8
14.1
15.4
13.0
16.5
1.08
1.03
.96
.87
.83
.85
.77
.95
1.08
1.03
.96
.87
.83
.85
.77
.95
Latin America:
Line No. 16.........
Lins No. 17.........
Line No. 18
Average............
16.4
17.0
14.5
15.9
16.4
17.0
14.5
15.9
.97
.93
.85
.92
.97
.93
.85
.92
Orient:
Line No. 1 ...........
17.4
17.8
1.03
1.05
Latin America:
Line No. 10.
Line No. 11 .
12.2
GALVESTON
Europe:
Line No. 1 ..
20.7
20.7
Europe:
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
1.29
20.0
HOUSTON
Europe:
Line No. 1.
Line No. 2.
Line No. 3.
20.6
20.6
20.3
10.9
1.14
1.13
.94
1.14
1.13
.94
Average.
14.1
14.1
1.03
1.03
20.3
10.9
.88
.88
P O R T AR TH U R
Europe:
Line No. 1.
NEW ORLEANS
Europe:
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
25.5
27.9
25.5
27.9
19.4
19.5
14.8
19.4
19.5
14.8
Average.............
22.0
22.0
1.50
1.47
1.16
1.08
1.50
1.47
1.16
1.08
.77
.77
1.02
1.02
21.2
21.2
1.15
1.15
Latin America:
Line No. 7~
19.9
19.9
1.05
1.05
Orient:
Line No. 1_.
33.8
33.8
1.78
1.78
37
DISCHARGING AND LOADING GENERAL CARGO
T able 8.- - Labor productivity in handling general cargo in foreign trade— Continued
M OBILE
Loading cargo
Discharging cargo
Output per
gang-hour
Trade route, and
line number
Europe:
Line No. 1-...........
Long
tons
16.7
Output per
man-hour
Reve Long Reve
nue
nue
tons
tons
tons
16.7
1.02
1.02
Output per
gang-hour
Trade route, and
line number
Output per
man-hour
Reve
Long Reve
nue Long nue
tons
tons
tons
tons
Europe:
Line No. 2...........
Line No. 3...........
Line No. 4...........
16.9
15.4
14.2
16.9
15.4
14.2
1.02
1.02
.95
.90
.95
.90
Average............
15.0
15.0
.94
.94
Latin America:
Line No. 5...........
Line No. 6...........
Line No. 7...........
17.9
17.8
13.5
17.9
17.8
13.5
1.08
.99
.77
1.08
.99
.77
Average............
15.4
15.4
.88
.88
Orient:
Line No. 8---------
25.0
25.0
1.45
1.45
Europe:
Line No. 2...........
Line No. 3.........
Line No. 4.........
17.9
17.4
14.3
17.9
17.4
14.3
0.85
.80
.67
0.85
.80
.67
Average.......... .
16.1
16.1
.75
.75
Orient:
Line No. 5...........
23.7
23.7
1.15
1.15
11.6
11.6
0.50
0.50
19.4
19.4
.74
.74
Europe—N orfolk:
Line No. 4...........
Line No. 5......... .
Line No. 6...........
Line No. 7...........
Line No. 8...........
26.7
24.7
20.3
16.4
16.2
26.7
24.7
20.3
16.4
16.2
SAVANNAH
Europe:
Line No. 1............
20.9
20.9
0.78
0.78
CHARLESTON
Europe:
Line No. 1............
23.2
23.2
0.66
0.66
Europe:
Line No. 2...........
Orient:
Line No. 3...........
N O R F O LK AND N EW PORT NEWS
Europe—Norfolk:
Line No. 1___
Europe—Norfolk and
Newport News:
Line No. 2. ..........
Latin America—Nor
folk:
Line No. 3..........
26.9
31.5
21.4
26.9
32.3
21.4
1.20
1.34
1.20
1.37
.83
1.19
1.19
1.10
1.10
.90
.79
.74
.90
.79
.74
Average............
22.3
22.3
1.11
1.11
Europe*—N ew p ort
News:
Line No. 9.........
Line No. 10.........
23.0
16.7
23.0
16.7
.92
.72
.92
.72
Average______
22.1
22.1
.90
.90
Europe—Norfolk and
Newport News:
Line No. 11.........
Line No. 12.........
25.5
23.1
25.5
23.1
1.13
1.04
1.13
1.04
Average............
24.3
24.3
1.09
1.09
O rien t—N e w p o r t
News and Norfolk:
Line No. 13.........
Line No. 14.........
Line No. 15_____
19.9
19.9
Average..........
20.0
20.0
.88
.88
15.6
.68
.68
18.1
18.1
.77
.77
15.6
.77
.77
38
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
T able
8.— Labor 'productivity in handling'general cargo in foreign trade— Continued
B A LTIM O R E
Discharging cargo
Output per
gang-hour
Trade route, and
line number
Europe:
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
1............
Long
tons
Loading cargo
Output per
man-hour
Reve Long Reve
nue
nue
tons
tons
tons
3..........
4.......... .
30.4
26.5
23.4
16.5
30.6
26.5
23.4
16.5
1.47
1.23
1.17
.84
1.47
1.23
1.17
.84
Average........... .
24.3
24.4
1.19
1.19
2............
Output per
gang-hour
Trade route, and
line number
Europe:
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
5...........
6______
Long
tons
27.7
24.2
Output per
man-hour
Reve Long Reve
nue
nue
tons
tons
tons
27.7
24.2
1.34
1.24
19.8
.93
20.2
Average............
21.9
21.9
1.12
1.12
Orient:
Line No. 9...........
Line No. 10.........
Line No. 11.........
25.8
23.4
17.6
25.8
23.4
17.6
1.43
1.43
Average...........
23.6
23.6
1.20
31.2
31.1
23.9
23.2
19.8
18.5
14.8
31.2
31.1
24.1
23.2
19.8
18.5
14.8
1.42
1.42
1.07
1.08
.89
.76
1.08
1.08
.89
.76
1.00
1.00
19.8
20.2
1.34
1.24
7.........
8........—
1.11
1.12
.84
1.11
.93
1.12
.84
1.20
PHILADELPHIA
Europe:
Line No. 1____
Line No. 2........ . .
Line No. 3______
Line No. 4............
Line No. 5______
Line No. 6______
Line No. 7.......... .
Line No. 8..........
Line No. 9............
C1)
26.1
21.1
24.0 * 1.05
1.09
Average______
23.2
23.3
Orient:
Line No. 19. ____
Latin America:
Line No. 20_____
19.6
21.1
1.04
1.12
33.3
33.3
1.35
1.35
22.9
18.1
14.7
0)
22.9
18.1
14.7
10.7
1.22
1.22
Average............ 6 18.5
16.5
6.95
.87
12,8
C1)
.70
21.1
23.2
22.5
22.4
21.3
18.9
21.3
Average........... . ^23.2
Orient:
Line No. 10 ___
Latin America:
Line No. 11_____
12.........
13-------14-------15-------16_____
17_____
18_____
1.21
1.20
23.2
22.5
22.4
21.8
Europe:
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
0)
1.18
1.08
1.06
1.06
1.05
.94
.91
.82
26,8
26.7
21.8
20.1
1.08
1.06
1.06
1.05
.94
.91
1.20
.68
1.20
.68
.86
0)
40.2
0)
1.69
24.4
24.4
1.02
1.02
BOSTON
Europe:
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
1 ______
2............
3______
4______
5............
6..........
7______
8______
28.7
26.1
28.7
26.1
1.52
1.34
18.4
0)
18.3
16.3
0)
18.4
18.0
18.3
17.0
15.4
1.05
0)
.98
20.6
Average............. 5 20.8
20.6
1.10
1.52
1.34
1.10
1.05
1.00
.86
0)
.98
.90
.85
19.9 « 1.11
1.08
Near East:
Line No. 9............
Line No. 10..........
33.6
28.2
33.6
28.2
1.74
1.48
1.74
1.48
Average............
29.1
29.1
1.53
1.53
Latin America:
Line No. 11..........
21.9
21.9
.92
.92
24.2
31.3
30.1
29.9
24.4
20.3
19.9
13.4
1.26
1.18
0)
1.26
0)
.98
.67
1.63
1.63
1.51
1.26
1.09
.98
.67
24.3 7 1.16
1.27
Orient:
Line
Line
Line
Line
Line
Line
Line
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
12_____
13..........
14..........
15..........
16..........
17..........
18..........
21.8
0)
24.4
0)
19.9
13.4
Average............ 7 22.1
Europe:
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
19_____
20.........
21.........
22_____
Orient:
Line No. 2 3 ......
0)
.92
.76
0)
i Not availabe.
4Average for 8 lines only.
5 Average for 6 lines only.
6 Average for 3 lines only.
7Average for 5 lines only.
.92
.76
.61
39
DISCHARGING AND LOADING GENERAL CARGO
T a b l e 8 .— Labor productivity in handling general cargo in foreign trade— C o n t in u e d
NEW Y O R K
Discharging cargo
Output per
gang-hour
Trade route, and
line number
Long
tons
Europe—Large pas
senger ships:
Line No. 1............
Line No. 2...........
Line No. 3...........
Line No. 4........
Line No. 5............
Line No. 6............
Line No. 7............
Line No. 8............
Line No. 9............
18.3
15.4
14.2
15.6
13.5
<*)
(0
(9
12.1
Average---.......
14.6
23.3
15.4
23.0
38.4
26.2
26.6
24.0
24.1
19.3
17.0
14.2
18.3
22.2
0)
0)
16.6
15.1
13.4
(9
Average......... .
37.5
23.4
30.9
23.3
22.7
22.9
20.0
19.5
17.3
15.8
14.2
20.6
31.3
21.2
18.3
19.1
17.1
0)
17.9
36.1
42.9
27.2
23.2
19.1
20.3
23.8
20.1
Reve
nue
tons
«. 57
.62
1.27
.58
1.13
1.01
<9
0)
.76
.72
.61
0
.86
1.07
.78
0.71
)
0.95
.63
.72
.59
.56
.51
.70
.52
.48
1.26
1.08
1.05
.95
Average.............
16.5
26.3
.64
1.03
1.60
1.28
1.16
1.15
1.04
.99
.96
.90
.83
.72
Europe—Other ships:
Line No. 43_____
Line No. 44_____
Line No. 45------Line No. 46.........
Line No. 47.........
Line No. 48------Line No. 50.........
Line No. 49_____
Line No. 51------Line No. 52------Line No. 53.........
Line No. 54-------
22.0
1.02
1.52
1.49
1.45
1.35
1.26
1.24
1.23
1.23
21.8
32.7
33.7
25.8
27.6
27.9
25.8
25.4
28.4
26.5
26.9
28.1
35.3
Average— ’. ----- ! 18.2
28.3
.68
1.76
1.56
1.55
1.09
1.07
.93
.92
»20.4
25.0
9.93
Latin America:
Line No. 38.......
Line No. 39.......
Line No. 40.......
Line No. 41........
Line No. 42.......
29.4
30.5
21.5
26.4
18.5
31.0
30.5
21.5
26.4
19.1
1.17
1.23
1.05
.96
.65
1.24
1.23
1.05
23.2
23.7
.92
.94
1 Not available.
4Average for 8 lines only.
Average for 6 lines only.
Reve Long Reve
nue
nue
tons
tons
tons
29.0
26.1
23.6
33.2
23.6
25.7
23.1
23.8
22.7
Average.........
Average.........
Long
tons
21.7
15.0
16.2
19.1
13.0
13.4
17.1
14.6
12.9
.97
1.00
1.14
1.21
Trade route, and
line number
Output per
man-hour
Europe—Large pas
senger ships:
Line No. 10.........
Line No. 11 .........
Line No. 12.........
Line No. 13.........
Line No. 14_____
Line No. 15_____
Line No. 16.........
Line No. 17.........
Line No. 18.........
81
21.0
Orient and Africa:
Line No. 30........
Line No. 31........
Line No. 32........
Line No. 33..........
Line No. 34.......
Line No. 35.......
Line No. 36____
Line No. 37____
Output per
gang-hour
Output per
man-hour
Reve Long
nue
tons
tons
24.2
Europe—Other ships:
Line No. 19_____
Line No. 20..........
Line No. 21..........
Line No. 22.......
Line No. 23____
Line No. 24.......
Line No. 25.......
Line No. 26.......
Line No. 27.......
Line No. 28.......
Line No. 29.......
Loading cargo
Orient and Africa:
Line No. 55.........
Line No. 56.........
Line No. 57.........
Line No. 58.........
Line No. 59------Line No. 60.........
Line No. 61_____
Line No. 62....... .
Line No. 63.........
19.9
12.8
24.3
20.1
14.4
13.4
17.7
22.1
0)
18.3
13.9
11.7
(9
15.7
12.3
14.3
13.5
27.4
27.4
22.1
20.5
22.8
11.2
20.3
20.5
18.9
16.8
Average............ <•12.7
22.0
Latin America:
Line No. 64.........
Line No. 65_____
Line No. 66.........
Line No. 67....... .
Line No. 68.........
Line No. 69.........
(9
.88
.72
1.18
.91
.69
.65
.77
1.00
(9
.71
.67
1.02
1.02
.97
.95
.85
.84
1.20
1.19
1.09
1.08
1.28
.56
<9
.81
.56
.74
.65
<9
.60
.71
.94
1.36
1.31
1.13
1.06
1.05
1.04
.99
.96
.91
16.3
11.7
14.9
29.6
24.6
27.0
26.2
21.2
14.9
0.74
)
.63
.79
1.38
1.25
1.23
1.19
1.15
.79
Average______ 7 15.9
25.3
7.77
1.2
15.1
18.5
(9
7 Average for 5 lines only.
8Average for 11 lines only.
9 Average for 7 lines only.
40
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP'S CARGO
T a b l e 9.— Labor productivity in handling general cargo in intercoastal trade
[For Seattle, Tacoma, Portland, San Francisco, and Los Angeles, data are for 1926; for Houston, New
Orleans, Mobile, Charleston, Norfolk, Baltimore, and Philadelphia, for 1927: and for Boston ana New
York, for 1928]
Discharging cargo
Loading cargo
Output (reve
nue tons!)
per—
Port, and line number
Seattle:
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
6___________
7___________
8______ ____
9........ ...........
10..... .............
Ganghour
Manhour
24.5
13.9
1 48
90
.89
.85
.72
20.0
15.9
12.3
Aver
age
num
ber of
men
per
gang
16.5
15.4
22.6
Output (reve
nue tons!)
per—
Port, and line number
Aver
age
num
ber of
men
per
gang
Ganghour
Manhour
22.4
1.12
20.0
1.05
20.2
Seattle:
Line No. 11_________
Line No. 12................
20.0
Average....... ...........
21.2
18.6
.97
19.1
26.3
25.8
1.33
1.17
22.1
26.2
1.28
20.5
21.5
22.7
20.7
17.3
1.25
1.15
.97
1.21
18.0
18.8
18.0
17.6
.98
20.4
18.6
17.0
17.6
.93 |
18.9
15.6
86
18.0
27.3
19.1
1 21
1.12
22/5
17.0
Tacoma:
Line No. 2.... .............
Portland:
Line No. 7_________
Line No. 8.................
Average.....................
25.0
1.19
21.1
Average...................
San Francisco:
Line No. 15 ________
Line No. 16 ________
Line No. 17____ _____
Line No. 18
__
Line No. 19........ .........
Line No. 20..................
19.1
16.9
18.1
17.9
14.8
13.0
1 21
1 01
99
.83
.72
15.8
15.5
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
Average....................
16.1
.93
17.4
Average...................
20.9
1.15
18.2
Los Angeles:
Line No. 21................
Line No. 22________
23.7
19.7
1.16
1.03
20.4
19.0
Average...................
21.9
1.11
19.7
New Orleans:
Line No. 20................
Line No. 21................
Line No. 22................
16.4
17.0
15.4
.96
.89
.81
17.0
19.0
19.0
Average..................
15.8
.85
18.6
10......... ......
11................
12................
1 3 .............
20.9
18.6
17.6
17.2
1.10
1.23
1.01
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
Average..... .............
18.1
1.07
17.0
Norfolk:
Line No. 17...... .........
Line No. 18................
13.9
11.5
.67
.55
20.9
Average..................
12.5
.60
20.8
22.8
Average....... .............
Tacoma:
Line No. 1___________
Portland:
Line No. 5___________
Line No. 6_ _ _ ..........................
Los Angeles:
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
1 09
16 — ......... .
17
___
18..................
19..................
20............. .
27.1
19.2
12.9
15.7
17.7
17.9
11.6
1.53
1.07
1.07
.93
.91
Average.............. ......
16.7
1.03
16.2
Houston:
Line No. 10..................
New Orleans:
Line No. 19 ________
21.4
1.03
20.8
22.1
.82
27.0
Mobile:
Line No. 9
________
Charleston:
Line No. 4....................
Norfolk:
Line No. 16
- _____
Baltimore:
Line No. 12............. .....
i L'hort Ions.
22.4
1.32
12.0
17.0
12.8
17.0
17.4
.53
33.0
25.8
1.11
23.2
atj. i
i.aft
San Francisco:
Line No. 21.... .........
Line No. 22________
Line No. 23________
Line No. 24..............
19.8
20. 7
Mobile:
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Baltimore:
1.03
20.6
14________
15________
16____ ____
17................
22. 5
22.0
18.8
17.7
1.38
1.23
1.09
1.03
.94
16.6
18.3
20.4
18.2
18.8
Average..................
21.2
1.11
19.2
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
41
DISCHARGING AND LOADING GENERAL CARGO
T able
9.— Labor 'productivity in handling general cargo in intercoastal trade—
Continued
Discharging cargo
Loading cargo
Output (reve
nue tons!)
per—
Ganghour
Manhour
Aver
age
num
ber of
men
per
gang
Philadelphia:
Line No. 21_.
Line No. 22..
25.0
24.7
1.32
1.06
19.0
23.5
Average...
24.9
Port, and line number
Boston:
Line No. 24..
Line No. 25-
19.3
18.2
Output (reve
nue tons!)
per—
Port, and line number
Aver
age
num
ber of
men
per
gang
Ganghour
Manhour
Philadelphia:
Line No. 23...............
Line No. 24___...........
Line No. 25...............
Line No. 26................
18.0
17.3
14.2
17.8
1.03
.96
.80
.78
22.8
1.23
Average..................
17.4
.93
18.8
1.07
.94
18.0
19.3
Boston:
Line No. 26................
Line No. 27...............
11.3
9.2
.55
.51
20.5
18.0
Average...................
10.3
.53
19.2
15.8
14.1
13.0
.72
.63
.56
22.0
22.2
14.3
.63
22.7
Average.
New York:
Line No. 70Line No. 71..
Line No. 72-
26.7
22.7
19.1
1.14
1.09
.77
23.3
20.9
24.9
New York:
Line No. 73................
Line No. 74................
Line No. 75......... ......
Average.—
22.0
.95
23.2
Average..................
17.5
18.0
17.5
23.2
i Short tons.
T able
10.— Labor productivity in handling cargo in coastwise trade
[For Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, and Los Angeles, data are for 1926; for Galveston, Houston, New
Orleans, Savannah, Charleston, Norfolk, Baltimore, and Philadelphia, for 1927; and for Boston and
New York, for 1928]
Output (revenue
tons!) per manhour
Output (revenue
tons 0 per manhour
Port
Port
Dis
charged
Seattle.____________________
Portland____________ _____
San Francisco
Los Angeles________________
Galveston
Houston___________________
New Orleans_______________
Savannah______ ____ _______
Average. ........................
1.03
1.35
1.54
.51
.60
.52
1.51
1.27
1.13
1.39
1.51
.98
.89
.82
.75
1.60
.96
1.10
.80
1.40
Charleston
.52
.69
Norfolk
.80
.91
1.04
.84
1. 12
A verage______________
Dis
charged
Loaded
1.22
Baltimore________________
Average____________
Philadelphia________ ___
Average_____ ___
Bnstnn
7
ATAf*Cfecro
New York_________________
Average___ ___________
i Short tons.
66490°—32----- 4
.97
.96
Loaded
.99
.97
.97
. 99
.96
.93
.98
.*66
.95
.80
1.24
1.07
QQ
.O
O
1.35
1.08
•9«>
1.05
1.08
1.29
1.04
99
.74
1.80
1.71
1.19
1.01
.91
1.23
42
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
Productivity of Labor in Loading Individual Commodities
In addition to miscellaneous cargoes, a considerable number of
important commodities are handlea in the individual ports, either
in full-ship cargoes or in lots sufficiently large to permit measurement
of the productivity of longshore labor in handling these individual
commodities. The methods of handling these commodities differ
considerably from port to port and not infrequently from line to line
in the same port. The statistics of labor productivity for some of
these commodities, presented below, offer an opportunity of com
paring the productivity of longshore labor not only as it varies from
port to port, but also as it varies with the different equipment or
methods used.
Loading Cotton
Table 11 gives the productivity of labor in loading cotton, in terms of
long tons and bales handled per gang per hour and per man per hour,
in Galveston, Houston, New Orleans, Mobile, Savannah, Charleston,
and Norfolk and Newport News. It also shows the average number
of men used per gang in loading cotton in the various ports mentioned.
There is very little difference in the methods used in loading cotton
in the Gulf ports. Most of the cotton shipped abroad comes in highly
condensed bales. It is loaded by means of the ship’s gear and a single
fall, commonly known as the “ whip.” Only one boom and one
winch are used by each gang. The bales of cotton are brought to the
apron of the pier either on a hand truck or, less often, on a 4-wheel
truck, and are placed in rope slings at the foot of an inclined plat
form, which is rigged to lead from the pier to the ship’s railing, and
from there to the hatch. When the sling load is formed (usually three
bales to a load) and the hook of the ship’s fall is attached to the sling,
the winchman starts the operation of the winch, and the load is
dragged upward along the slanting platform to the deck of the ship
and from there to the hatch. It is then lowered into the ship by its
own weight and the hold men stow the bales in the ship after the
sling has been undone and the hook is returned to the pier.
The process of loading cotton is shown in Figure 19. It shows the
truckers delivering cotton to the apron of the pier, and a series of
inclined heavy platforms leading from the pier to the deck of the
ship. At the foot of one of these platforms three bales of cotton can
be seen lying on a rope, and the “ slinger” is about to raise the rope to
complete the sling load. On the next platform can be seen a sling
load of cotton in the process of being dragged upward from the pier to
the deck of the ship. Figure 20 shows the men in the hold of the
ship stowing the cotton in the hatch.
in Savannah, Charleston,^ and Norfolk a somewhat different
arrangement of ship’s gear is used in loading the cotton. This
arrangement, by which two winches and two falls are used in the
operation, is known as the “ union” or “ married” fall. By the joint
operations of the two winches the sling load is lifted directly from the
pier over the railing of the ship and is lowered into the hold of the
ship with a single uninterrupted movement. No skids are used,
either leading from the apron of the ship or on the ship proper. The
size of the gang used is also different in these ports. In Galveston
and Houston the average gang consists of 15 men, but double gangs
F
ig u r e
19.— L o a d i n g C
o tto n
a t
a
P
ie r
in
G
alveston
F
ig u r e
2 0 .—F
in is h in g
St
o w in g
C
o tto n
in
H
atch
43
LOADING INDIVIDUAL COMMODITIES
are frequently used at one hatch. In New Orleans and Mobile the
average gang consists of from 16 to 18 men, while in Savannah,
Charleston, and Norfolk the gang is at times made up of 30 or more
men, whicn corresponds approximately to the double gang used in
Galveston and Houston.
Because of the variation in the size of the gang, there is a marked
variation in the productivity of labor expressed in terms of cotton
handled per gang per hour. Norfolk and Newport News show an
average of 135 bales per gang per hour, while Houston and Galveston
show somewhat less than 100 bales per gang per hour. Based on the
output per man per hour, Houston leads all other ports with 1.47 long
tons, or 6.6 bales, of cotton loaded per man per hour, while Charleston
shows the lowest productivity, 0.69 long ton, or 3.1 bales, loaded per
man per hour.
T able
11.— Productivity of labor in the loading of cotton
Output per gang-hour
Port, and line number
Long tons
Galveston:
Line No.
Line No.
TiiiiA No,
Line No.
Bales
Output per man-hour
Average
number of
men per
gang
Long tons
Bales
106.0
98.8
98.4
95.7
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
1.57
1.47
1.47
1.42
7.1
21.9
21.3
_________________ - ____
21.8
97.7
15.0
1.45
6.5
Houston:
Line No. 14,10 ships,______ ___________
Line No. 15,16 ships. ________________
Line No 16, 32 ships __ . ____ . . ______
23.2
22.3
104.0
100.2
97.2
15.0
15.0
15.0
1.54
1.48
1.44
7.0
6.7
6.5
13,8 ships___________________
15, 35 ships__________________
14, 10 ships
______________
16, 34 ships. ________ ____.___
Average
23.6
22.1
21.6
6.6
6.6
6.'4
________________________
22.0
99.1
15.0
1.47
6.6
Line No. 4, 9 ships (hand stowed and
screwed)________ ________________
14.5
65.3
20.1
.72
3.3
New Orleans:
Line No. 41, 21 ships__________________
Line No. 39,14 ships_________________
Line No. 40,14 ships__________________
20.3
19.5
88.6
99.3
91.2
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.23
1.13
1.08
5.5
5.1
4.9
Average__________________________
20.7
93.7
18.0
1.15
5.2
20.2
19.9
15.2
89.5
88.3
67.4
16.9
17.0
16.3
1.19
1.17
.93
5.3
5.2
4.1
19.9
88.3
16.9
1.18
5.2
26.7
22.5
24.4
100.1
119.0
20.0
86.0
30.0
28.9
32.0
30.3
30.0
.89
.78
.76
19.1
109.8
90.0
.64
4.0
3.5
3.4
3.0
2.9
22.1
98.8
30.3
.73
3.3
20.2
18.7
16.9
91.3
84.0
75.2
26.8
27.2
26.4
.75
.69
.64
3.4
3.1
Average__ ,__ - ____________________
18.5
82.8
26.8
.69
3.1
Norfolk and Newport News:
Line No. 11,17 ships__________________
Line No. 4, 23 ships___________________
Line No. 6,10 sh ips...,,_____________ _
30.5
30.3
28.9
135.4
136.5
130.0
22.5
22.6
22.9
1.35
1.34
1.26
6.0
6.0
Average_________________ _________
30.0
135.0
22.6
1.33
6.0
Average
Mobile:
Line No. 15, 26 ships__________________
Line No. 3, 9 ships
________________
Line No. 2,17 ships___________________
Average_______________________
Savannah:
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
3,11 sh ips__________________
15,13 ships........................... .
16, 21 ships
- _____________
17,13 ships_________________
4,15 ships _____ ___________
Average____________________________
Charleston:
Line No. 3,11 ships___________________
Line No. 13,18 ships.________________
Line No. 14,13 ships_______ ___ ________
22.1
.66
2.8
5.8
44
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP'S CARGO
Loading Case Oil
Case oil is the term applied to refined oil loaded in 5-gallon con
tainers and packed into uniform boxes, two containers per box. In
large quantities case oil is loaded at the refineries proper, which are
generally well equipped for the purpose of supplying the oil to their
piers, and in some ports they are also equipped to load the case oil
into ships. #At times, however, particularly in the port of New York,
the case oil is loaded at the refineries into lighters and then is moved to
the berth of the ship, where it is loaded from the lighter into the ship.
Table 12 gives the figures of productivity of longshore labor in loading
case oil at the refineries in San Francisco, Port Arthur, New Orleans,
Philadelphia, and New York, and for the last-named city also showing
the productivity in loading case oil from lighters to the ship.
There are three distinct methods used in loading case oil in the
ports shown in this table. The first method used in San Francisco
and in New York in loading case oil from lighters to the ship differs
very little from the usual handlingof general cargo prevailing in the
port. In both ports the ship’s gear is used exclusively and two winches
and two falls are used for each hatch. The cases are formed into
sling loads, on “ platform” or “ airplane” slings as they are called in
New York, lifted aboard ship and into the hatch by a joint operation
of the two winches, and then stowed^ into the hold of the ship. The
methods used in San Francisco and in New York in loading case oil
from lighters^ are so similar that the productivity of the two ports
varies but slightly when measured in terms either of gang-hour or
of man-hour output. San Francisco shows an average of 825.2 cases
or 31.2 long tons per gang-hour and 49.1 cases or 1.86 long tons per
man-hour, while New York, in loading from lighters to ships, shows
an average of 857 cases or 32.5 long tons per gang-hour and 45 cases
or 1.71 long tons per man-hour.
In the second method, which applies to the refineries of Philadelphia
and New York, ship’s gear is also used for the purpose of loading the
case oil. The system used in Philadelphia involves the utilization of
three falls, one for lifting the case-oil slings from the “ apron” of the
pier to the deck of the ship along a system of platforms similar to that
described in the case of cotton. Once the sling load is landed on the
deck of the ship, a special deck man at once releases the hook of the
pier fall and drops it back on the pier for another sling load. In the
meantime, another deck man attaches the hook of one of the two upand-down hatch falls to the sling load on the deck of the ship and the
oil is lowered into the hatch and then stowed in the ship by the hold
men. In New York the prevailing “ Burton” system is used, except
that the refinery supplies one winch and a winch operator for the
purpose of lifting the case oil from the pier to the deck of the ship.
While the sling load is still in process of being lifted from the pier to
the ship and before it is landed on the deck, the “ Burton ” man, as the
deckman is called, throws the hook of the up-and-down fall around the
sling load so as to attach it to the load. The ship’s winch is then
started in operation and the sling load of case oil is moved athwart
ship ami is lowered into the hatch. But while the sling load is being
lowered into the hatch, the “ Burton” man releases the fall of the pier
winch and returns it to the pier for another sling load. The two falls,
although operated independently of each other, are so quickly united
F
ig u r e
2 1 .— M
a k in g
up
S
l in g
on
P
a pr o n
o f
h il a d e l ph ia
P
ie r
in
l o a d in g
Ca
se
O
il
.
F ig u re
22.— L o a d i n g
C ase
O il w ith S p ira l
N ew O rlea ns
C on v eyo r
in to
H a tc h .
LOADING INDIVIDUAL COMMODITIES
45
and then disengaged by the experienced “ Burton” man, that the proc
ess of loading appears to be moving at a uniform and uninterrupted
pace.
In both New York and Philadelphia the longshoremen performing
the work of loading case oil are especially trained for this work. The
gang used in Philadelphia is larger than that in New York, averaging
about 23 men, while the NewJYork gang averages 17 men. But the
productivity in loading case oil in Philadelphia as measured in terms
of output per gang per hour is also higher than in New York. Since
in both ports only two hatches can be loaded at one time, greater
ship dispatch seems to be attained at Philadelphia than at New
York. On the other hand, the productivity measured in terms of
output per man per hour seems to be larger in New York than in
Philadelphia. In New York the average output per man per hour is
2.95 tons or 78.2 cases, while in Philadelphia the output is 2.65 tons
or 73 cases.
The third system of loading case oil is used at the refineries of Port
Arthur and New Orleans. In both ports the cases are delivered to the
pier from the warehouses of the refineries by means of a series of belts
and gravity rollers. In both ports the piers at the refineries are
equipped with specially built spiral conveyors, which are lowered into
the hold of the ship by means of a crane supported by a movable tower
which is capable of traveling on rails along the entire length of the pier.
By means of gravity rollers the individual cases are delivered to the
conveyor and then down into the hold of the ship. The base of the
spiral conveyor is equipped with a ring of gravity rollers and the in
dividual cases upon leaving the spiral conveyor are diverted along the
several short lines of gravity rollers scattered throughout the hold of
the ship. The only work performed by the longshoremen consists of
rigging the ship and then removing the cases from the rollers and stow
ing them into the hold.
Figure 23 shows the hold of a ship at the refinery in New Orleans
with the men at the foot of the spiral conveyor diverting the cases
from the conveyor into the various sections of the ship by means of
gravity rollers. The refinery at New Orleans has only one of these
conveyors, while the refinery at Port Arthur has two similar spiral
conveyors and is therefore capable of loading two hatches simultane
ously. At both ports the speed of loading is limited only by the ability
of the men in the hold to remove the cases from the conveyor and to
stow them in the ship. A single conveyor is capable of supplying the
ship with 4,000 to 4,500 cases per hour, but the actual quantity stowed
is considerably below the capacity of the conveyor. When the present
survey was made in New Orleans in 1927 the spiral conveyor at the
refinery had been in use for only a short time, and the statistical data
shown for this port are based on a smaller number of ships and for a
shorter period of time than in the case of Port Arthur. In Port
Arthur, as may be seen from the data for the two separate shipping
lines shown in Table 12, the productivity of labor is more stabilized,
with an output for the two lines averaging 2,029 cases or 76.2 long tons
per gang per hour, and 88.2 cases or 3.31 long tons per man per hour.
For New Orleans the average productivity per gang-hour is only 1,830
cases or 68.4 long tons per gang per hour, and 55.3 cases or 2.07 long
tons per man per hour. It may also be seen from Table 12 that manhour productivity in New York and in Philadelphia is considerably
46
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP'S CARGO
higher than in New Orleans. The man-hour productivity for one
line in New York is even higher than the average of Port Arthur, due
chiefly to the remarkable skill developed by the longshoremen in both
New York and Philadelphia in handling this particular commodity.
T able
12.— Productivity of labor in the loading of case oil
Output per gang-hour
Port, and line number
Long tons
Cases
Output per man-hour
Average
number of
men per
gang
Long tons
Cases
San Francisco—refinery: Line No. 37,3 ships.
31.2
825.2
16.8
1.86
49.1
Port Arthur—refinery:
Line No. 3,11 ships_________________
Line No. 4, 23 ships...............................
76.5
75.9
2.035.0
2.024.0
23.1
23.0
3.32
3.30
88.2
88.0
Average____________________ _____
76.2
2,029.0
23.0
3.31
88.2
New Orleans—refinery: Line No. 42,11 ships.
68.4
1,830.0
33.0
2.07
55.3
Philadelphia—refinery:
Line No. 50,19 ships________________
Line No. 52,12 ships__________ ______
60.6
58.4
1.675.0
1.604.0
22.9
22.6
2.68
2.55
74.0
70.0
Average_______________ ___________
60.1
1,660.0
22.7
2.65
73.0
New York—refinery:
Line No. 115,12 ships............................
Line No. 116,6 ships_______________
Line No. 117,9 ships.............................
56.6
52.1
47.4
1.510.0
1.335.0
1.266.0
17.1
16.3
17.5
3.30
3.20
2.71
88.3
81.9
72.5
Average______________ ___________
50.7
1,345.0
17.2
2.95
78,2
New York—from lighters:
Line Nn. ITS, IS s h i p s . , . „ . ___ _
Line No. 119,17 ships,..........................
34.3
31.4
908.0
824.0
18.7
19.3
1.84
1.63
48.6
42.7
32.5
857.0
19.1
1.71
45.0
Average___________________ _
Loading Flour
Flour is loaded in nearly every port of the United States. In some
ports, however, particularly in the East, it was not possible to de
termine the labor productivity in handling flour separately from the
other commodities. ^Table 13, which gives the productivity of long
shore labor in loading flour, therefore refers only to the following
orts: Seattle, Tacoma, Portland, Astoria, Galveston, Houston,
tort Arthur, and Norfolk. In these ports flour is loaded either
in full-ship cargoes or in quantities sufficiently large, in comparison
with the other commodities, to make it possible to determme the
productivity of longshore labor in loading this commodity. With
the exception of line No. 1 in Tacoma, and line No. 1 in Portland,
the methods used in the ports shown do not differ from the usual
method of cargo handling in those ports. The productivity of labor
in loading flour on these lines varies from 0.68 long ton per man per
hour for Port Arthur to 1.75 long tons per man per hour for the ports
of Tacoma and Portland.
In Tacoma and in Seattle a large proportion of the flour is loaded
directly at the flour mills by means of belt conveyors and chutes. The
ship is rigged out with a series of chutes which lead directly from the
mill to the hatch and thence into the various compartments of the ship.
The bags of flour are conveyed on belts from their place of storage in
the mill and then of their own gravity down the chutes and into the
hatch. At this place a special platform is rigged, which slows down
?
F
ig u r e
2 3.— Lo
a d in g
C
ase
O
il w i t h
S
p ir a l
Co
n v e y o r
,
b a se
o f
Co
n v ey o r
in s id e
H
atch
F
ig u r e
2 4 .—L o
a d in g
f l o u r
w it h
po r ta b le
b elt
C
o n v ey o r
and
H
a tch
C
h u te s
in
P
o r t l a n d
, O
r e g
.
47
LOADING INDIVIDUAL COMMODITIES
the speed of the bag and enables the man working at the platform,
known as the “ sack turner,” to divert the individual bags into the
several chutes which lead from this platform into the different
sections of the ship’s hold. The speed of loading the ship by this
method depends almost entirely on the ability of the men in the
hold to stow away the bags. The average output per gang per
hour by this method is shown in Table 13 to be 44.9 long tons per
gang per hour, or 3 long tons per man per hour, but individual
ships have been loaded at an average speed of more than twice the
tonnage shown in this table.
In Portland, Oreg., portable conveyors are used extensively for
the purpose of loading flour* from the pier to the ship. As seen in
Figure 24, the portable belt conveyor is rigged so as to lead from the
apron of the pier to the hatch, where chutes are rigged on a system
similar to the one described for Tacoma. The flour is delivered to
the conveyor by means of large 4-wheel platform trucks operated
by a gasoline tractor, and is unloaded bag by bag from the truck
to the conveyor which carries the flour into the ship. The average
output per gang per hour for this method is shown in Table 13 to be
62.7 long tons, which is the highest gang-hour productivity shown
for loading flour. But because of the larger size of the gang used,
the man-hour output is 2.31 long tons, which is considerably lower
than the Tacoma average for line No. 9.
T able
13.— Productivity of labor in the loading of flour
Port, and line number
Out
Aver
put
age
per
num
gang- ber of
hour men per
(long
gang
tons)
Out
put
per
manhour
Gong
tons)
Seattle:
Line No. 4, 14 ships__
Line No. 24,13 ships.
40.1
24.9
20.1
21.0
1.99
1.19
Port, and line number
Portland, Oreg. (Astoria):
Line No. 18,11 ships..
42.9
25.6
1.68
Galveston:
Line No. 4,10 ships..
Line No. 17, 27 ships.
Line No. 5,8 ships...
23.1
20.4
23.6
16.0
15.9
19.8
1.45
1.28
1.19
Average...................
21.0
16.5
1.27
24.3
18.0
1.35
19.2
28.3
.68
28.3
24.0
1.18
Average...................
32.2
20.6
1.56
Tacoma:
Line No. 9,10 ships. .
Line No. 10,19 ships.
44.9
32.9
21.0
15.0
3.00
1. 57
Average...................
33.7
19.3
1. 75
Houston: Line No. 9, 11
Portland, Oreg.:
Line No. 16,30 ships.
Line No. 17,20 ships.
62.7
37.9
27.1
24.7
2.31
1.53
Port Arthur: Line No. 1 ,
22 ships.........................
Norfolk: Line No. 6, 18
Average...................
44.4
25.4
Out
Out
Aver
put
put
age
per
per
num mangang- ber
of
hour men per
hour
(long
(long
gang
tons)
tons)
1.75
Loading Lumber
There are two sections in this country which specialize in loading
lumber: The Pacific Northwest, centering in the State of Washington,
where the lumber is chiefly softwood; and the South, where hardwood
lumber is predominant. In the Northwest lumber is measured in
board feet exclusively, while in the South it is sometimes measured
in board feet, but more often in long tons. ^The statistical data shown
in Table 14, giving the longshore productivity in loading lumber per
gang-hour and per man-hour, are therefore expressed either in terms
48
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP'S CARGO
of board feet or in terms of long tons, or both. In Seattle, Tacoma,
Grays Harbor, and Portland, the principal lumber ports on the Pacific
Northwest, lumber is loaded either at the piers of the lumber yards or
at special lumber piers. The cargo is delivered to the ship’s side either
by means of gantry cranes or Ross carriers, supplied by the operators
of the pier. The data for loading lumber, therefore, cover only the
operations of lifting the lumber from the ship’s side into the ship and
stowing it in the ship’s hold. This operation is usually referred to as
“ ship’s tackle” or “ shipside” stevedoring. (See fig. 25.)
On the Pacific coast the methods of lifting the lumber into the ship
vary but little from port to port. Ship’s gear is used almost exclu
sively, with the two winches and a “ union” or “ married” fall operated
by one winchman. The productivity of labor in loading lumber on
the Pacific coast is shown to vary from an average of 10,200 board feet
for Portland and the Columbia River lumber ports to 12,000 board feet
per gang per hour for Seattle and the neighboring lumber towns.
Expressed in terms of output per man per hour, the productivity varies
from 790 board feet per man per hour in Portland to 920 board
feet in Seattle.
In the southern ports the lumber is loaded either from the general
cargo pier or from a railroad car, exactly in the same way as the general
cargo is loaded, except in the case of logs, which are often loaded
directly from the stream into the ship. The output per gang per hour
varies from 7.5 long tons for Charleston, S. C., to 18.2 long tons for
Norfolk and Newport News. The man-hour output varies from 0.33
long ton for Charleston to 0.95 long ton for Port Arthur.
T able
14.— Productivity of labor in the loading of lumber
Output per ganghour
Port, and line number
Long tons
Seattle and Puget Sound ports:
Line No. 25, 9 ships----- -----Line No. 26,37 ships.............
Tacoma:
Line No. 11,30 ships..
lin e No. 12,40 ships..
Line No. 13,28 ships..
Average.
Grays Harbor:
Line No. 8,19 ships..
Line No. 1,80 ships..
Line No. 2,28 ships..
Line No. 3,26 ships..
Line No. 4,47 ships..
7.7
7.5
12,300
11,900
13.0
13.0
0.59
.57
7.5
12,000
13.0
.58
13,000
13.0
.64
.52
10,100
9,800
12.0
12.0
10,200
12.1
13,400
10,600
15.2
11,100
14.0
14.8
11,600
(9
12.0
0)
210,900
Average..
Portland and Columbia River ports:
Line No. 18,29 ships....................
Line No. 19,13 ships.................... .
Line No. 20,11 ships.....................
Line No. 21,26 ships.....................
Line No. 22,7 ships.......................
Average.,
Board
feet
Output per man*
hour
Average
number
of men
per gang Long tons Board
feet
1 Not availablo.
11.900
11.900
9,400
9,500
9,000
13.0
13.2
12.0
13.0
14.1
10. 200
12.9
2Average for 4 lines only.
F
ig u r e
2 5 .— l o
a d in g
L
um ber
D
e l iv e r e d
C
P
to
ra n e
.
ie r
Lo
in
O
pen
n g v ie w
, W
C
a r s
a sh
.
o r
by
R
o s s
C
a r r ie r s
and
G
an try
F
ig u r e
2 6.— l o
a d in g
T
in
P
late
in
in t o
Ba l t im
Hatch
o r e
,
l o w e r in g
S
l in g
Loa
d
49
LOADING INDIVIDUAL COMMODITIES
T able
14.— Productivity of labor in the loading of lumber— Continued
Output per ganghour
Port, and line number
Long tons
Board
feet
Output per manhour
Average
number
of men
per gang Long tons Board
feet
18.0
0.54
Fort Arthur: Line No. 5,13 ships_________________
13.7
7,600
14.3
.95
530
New Orleans:
Line No. 16, 45 ships__________________________
Line No. 18, 39 ships______ _____ _____________
10.6
9.9
5.600
5.600
17.0
17.0
.63
.58
330
330
Average_________________________ __________
10.1
5,600
17.0
.59
330
13.1
13.4
12.3
9.6
7.600
7.600
6,800
5,700
15.7
15.2
15. 7
14.0
.84
.78
.69
.88
480
500
430
400
12.0
6,800
15.1
.79
450
9.7
Mobile:
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
16,31 ships_________________________
4,17 ships__________________________
17,26 ships________________________ _
18,26 ships............................... ..............
Average_________________________________ _
Savannah: Line No. 3,11 ships___________________
9.2
17.2
Charleston: Line No. 15,14 ships_________________
7.5
23.1
.33
Norfolk and Newport News:
Line No. 6,10 ships__________________________
Line No. 5,18 ships__________________________
Line No. 11,17ships..............................................
Line No. 29,8 ships............. ...... ........... ...............
18.3
18.8
16.1
18.0
22.0
22. 5
22.1
22.0
.83
.83
.73
.82
22.2
.82
Average___________________________________
18.2
10,000
1
.54
450
Loading Steel and Steel Products
Table 15 presents the productivity of longshore labor in loading
steel and steel products such as rails, pipes, etc., including tin plate.
Data for these commodities were secured for the ports of Houston,
Mobile, Newport News, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York.
Most of the steel and steel products are loaded directly from open
cars which are switched to the apron of the pier alongside the ship
directly opposite the hatch into which the steel is to be loaded.
Ship’s gear is used almost exclusively in all the ports mentioned.
The productivity of labor expressed in terms of long tons per gang
per hour varies from 7.8 long tons of rails loaded in Houston to 32.7
long tons oi tin plate loaded in Baltimore. The man-hour produc
tivity varies from 0.59 long ton per man per hour of miscellaneous
steel products of all sizes loaded in New York to 2.1 long tons for
uniform size billets loaded in Newport News.
Figure 27 shows the operation of loading long steel from open rail
road cars into ship at an open pier in the port of Philadelphia. The
pier is equipped with a series of high booms which, when rigged in
conjunction with the ship’s gear, make it possible to load steel of any
length from cars stationed on any one of the several tracks seen on
the pier.
50
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
T a b l e 15 .— Productivity of labor in the loading of steel and steel products
Port, commodity, and line
number
Out
put
per
ganghour
Gong
tons)
Houston: Rails—Line No. 18,
9 ships.................................
Aver
age
num
ber of
men
per
gang
Newport News: Steel billets—
Line No. 32,17 ships........ 31.1
9,14 ships............
10,14 ships______
13,13 ships..........
42,6 ships............
25.2
Average.........................
14.8
1.30
.74
2.10
15.8
l.i
27.7
17.5
18.0
16.0
1.43
1.20
1. 73
24.3
17.4
25.0
21.6
1.75
1.87
Aver
age
num
ber of
men
per
gang
1.35
.99
17.4
.86
Average......................... 20.2
18.5
1.09
Wirerods,LineNo.9,14ships 25.7
Steel products: Line No. 14,
13 ships................................ 16.2
19.1
1.34
18.9
.86
15.2
14.9
14.8
14.2
1.02
14.6
18.6
21.1
15.1
14.5
15.0
25.5
14.2
.97
1.28
1.45
.82
1.49
21.8
20.9
18.2
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
22.6
Philadelphia:
Rails—Line No. 19, 20 ships..
Pipe—Line No. 19, 20 ships. _
Miscellaneous steelLine No. 19,20 ships (sheets).
Line No. 23,23 ships...........
Line No. 24,25 ships...........
Line No. 26, 23 ships...........
Line No. 53,16 ships...........
1.67
1. 26
26.6
28.2
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
Baltimore—Continued.
Sheet steelLine No. 9,14 ships........... 24.5
Line No. 10,14 ships______ 22.4
Line No. 13,13 ships........... 14.9
15.1
18.1
15.2
15.1
22.8
Average....................
P ip e Line No. 14,13 ships..........
Line No. 15, 24 ships_____
Line No. 41,9 ships..........
Port, commodity, and line
number
9.0
Mobile:
Pipe—Line No. 5,15 ships.
Iron and steel—Line No. 7,
12 ships.............................
Baltimore:
Rails—
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Line No.
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
1.05
Average......................... 19.2
15.0
1.28
1.40
Tin plate—Line No. 19, 20
ships_____________ _______ 25.0
20.2
1.24
New York:
Pipe and steel products—
Line No. 121, 22 ships,____ 21.6
^teel products—Line No. 122,
12 ships................................ 11.6
16.0
1. 35
19.7
. 59
Tin plate—
Line No. 9,14 ships............
Line No. 10,14 ships..........
Line No. 13,13 ships..........
Line No. 15,24 ships_____
31.3
31.6
30.6
34.5
18.7
23.0
17.1
22.4
1.67
1.37
1.78
1.54
Average_____________
32.7
21.2
1.54
Loading Oil Cake
Table 16 gives the productivity of labor in loading cottonseed cake
and meal in Houston, Port Arthur, and Savannah, and linseed cake
in Philadelphia and New York. The productivity^ per gang per
hour ranges from 21.3 long tons of oil cake loaded in Port Arthur
to 45.9 long tons of oil cake loaded in New York. The productivity
per man per hour ranges from 0.88 long ton for Port Arthur to 1.89
long tons in New York.
T a b l e 16.— Productivity of labor in the loading of oil cake and cottonseed meal
Port, commodity, and line
number
Houston:
Cottonseed meal—
Line No. 7, 9 ships.
Line No. 8, 7 ships.
Out Aver
put
age
per n u m
gang- ber of
hour men
(long per
tons) gang
20.4
22.6
Average...............
Output
per
manhour
(long
tons)
15. 4
18.0
1. 32
1.25
17.5
1.27
Oil cake—
Line No. 4, 9 ships.
Line No. 7, 9 ships.
26.0
21.7
19.0
17.7
1. 37
1.23
Average..............
24.3
18.5
1.31
;
11
:j
11
Port, commodity, and line
number
Ij
Port Arthur:
Oil cake—Line No. 1, 22
ships.......... ................. ........
Savannah:
Cottonseed meal and oil
cake—Line No. 3,11 ships..
Philadelphia:
Oil cake—Line No. 10, 14
ships____________________
New York:
Oil cake—Line No. 120, 18
ships____________________
Out Aver
put age
per num
gang- ber of
hour men
(long per
tons) gang
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
21.3
24.2
.88
21.4
16.7
1.28
38.9
26. ft
1.46
45. 9
24.2
1.89
51
LOADING INDIVIDUAL COMMODITIES
Loading Copper
In Table 17 is shown the productivity of labor in loading copper
in the ports of Tacoma, Portland, San Francisco, Cristobal, and
Baltimore. In Tacoma and Portland the copper is loaded directly
from open railroad cars to the ship. In the other ports it is loaded
from the pier. Ship’s gear is used in all ports.
The gang-hour productivity of labor in loading copper ranges from
22.8 long tons in Cristobal to 40.3 long tons in Baltimore. The
man-hour productivity ranges from 0.66 long ton in Cristobal to
2.14 long tons in Portland, Oreg.
T able
17.— Productivity of labor in the loading of copper
Port, commodity, and line
number
Out Aver
put age
per nu m
gang- ber of
hour men
(long per
tons) gang
Tacoma:1
Line No. 6,11 ships........ __ 29.0
Line No. 7, 29 ships_______ 25.3
13.0
13.1
Out
put
per
manhour
Gong
tons)
2.23
1.93
Average...........................
25.9
13.1
1.98
Portland, Oreg.:1 Line No. 14,
9 ships____ ______________
25.3
11.8
2.14
Port, commodity, and line
number
San Francisco: Line No. 38, 12
ships___________ ______
Baltimore: Line No. 5, 11
ships___________________
Cristobal: Line No. 12, 11
shins
_ _ _ _ .
Out Aver
put
age
per n u m
gang- ber of
hour men
(long per
tons) gang
Out
put
per
manhour
Gong
tons)
30. 5
18.0
1.69
40.3
19.0
2.12
22.8 34.6
.66
i Ship’s tackle, or direct from car to ships.
Loading Principal Individual Commodities
Table 18 contains a summary of the data for all the individual
commodities for which it was possible to determine the productivity
of labor in loading. The maximum productivity is shown in case
oil loaded in Port Arthur with 76.2 long tons per gang per hour and
3.31 long tons per man per hour. The minimum productivity is
shown in loading lumber in Charleston with 7.5 long tons per gang
per hour and 0.33 long tons per man per hour.
52
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP'S CARGO
Table 18.— Productivity of labor in the loading of individual commodities, by port
Seattle
Commodity
Out
put
per
maniout hour
(long (long
tons) tons)
Out
put
per
gang-
1.40
Apples ______________ 26.6
Box shooks____________
goods __
19.7
Copper_______________
Doors_________________
Flour_________________ 32.2
Tyiimhflr
- __ ___ 7.5
Oil, refiTiftri . _
Tobacco______________ 24.3
.99
Tacoma
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
12.8
0.74
Grays
Harbor
Out
put
per
gang
hour
(long
tons)
Portland
(Oreg.)
Out Out Out
put
put
put
per
per
per
man- ?ang- manhour aour hour
(long (long (long
tons) tons) tons)
U5.8
10.82
24.4
25.3
1.16
2.14
.57
1.75
2.79
25.9 1.98
13.9
.71
10.8
44.4
1.56 33.7 1.75
U
0.2
.58
2.86 HO. 9 2 0.83 210.2
1.18
Galveston
Agricultural implements
A sphalt______________
Box shooks____________
C em ent______________
Cotton________________ 21.8
Flour __ _____________ 21.0
Glucose.
___________
Grain (trimming)______
Iron and steel:
Miscellaneous______
Pipe______________
Rail___ ___________
Logs _ ______________
Lumber_______________
Naval stores___________
Oil, refined___________
Oil, lubricating________
Oil cake and cottonseed
meal________________
Oyster shells__________
Tobacco______________
1.45
1.27
22.0
24.3
1.47
1.35
19.2
1.13
.68
20.7
0
7.8
.87
9.7
.54
1.15
*440.40
13.7
.95
10.1
.59
76.2
3.31
68.4
36.2
2.07
524.3 *1.31 521.3
».88
27.8
1.54
Newport
News
0.69
28.3
31.1
1.18
Norfolk
.33
Baltimore
32.0
1.97
40.3
2.12
1.33
1.18
28.3
<3) ‘ 280.0
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
16.6
30.5
0.94
1.69
22.8
31.2
1.86
18.0
| 30.1
.82
1.25
Mobile
11.6
0.63
17.2
26.5
19.9
19.8
15.9
.87
1.55
1.18
14.5
20.7
.74
1.30
12.3
22.5
12.0
.78
.79
1.40
18.9
.99
22.3
1.36
(3)
.86
16.2
24.3
26.3
1.40
25.7
1.34
32.7
1.66
1.09
1.54
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
Savannah
1.22
22.1
0.73
9.2
25.8
1.20
21.4
1.28
.95
* 1,000 board feet.
3Not available,
.54
61.5
2.24
1.09
*363.0
19.2
14.9
15.2
1.28
1.05
11.6
21.6
.59
1.35
60.1
34.0
2.65
1.50
50.7
2.95
38.9
32.5
25.0
1.46
1.29
1.24
45.9
1.89
1.02
i
i Apples and prunes.
0.66
Philadelphia New York
25.5
20.2
2.10
2.11
Cristobal
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
Port Arthur New Orleans
29.1
Charleston
A sphalt______________
Cement_______________
C o p p e r _____________
Cotton
__________ 18.5
Flour..............................
Grain, trimming_______
Iron and steel:
Miscellaneous______
Pipe____ _____ ____
Rails._ ___________
Sheet steel_____ _
Steel billets..............
Wire rods.
__
L u m ber........................
7.5
Oil, refined____________
Oil, lubricating
Oil cake and cottonseed
meal _ _ _______
Sulphate of ammonia
Tin plate. _________
Tobacco______________
Houston
San Fran
cisco
<Bushels,
0 Oil cake only.
F
ig u r e
2 7.— L o a
d in g
Lo
n g
S
teel
fro m
C
ar
to
S
h ip
.
P
h il a d e l p h ia
F i g u r e 2 8 .— d i s c h a r g i n g
ra w
s u g a r a t a
re fin e ry
in S a n F r a n c i s c o .
O ld
m e th o d
DISCHARGING INDIVIDUAL COMMODITIES
53
Productivity of Labor in Discharging Individual Commodities
Discharging Raw Sugar
Raw sugar from Cuba, Porto Rico, the Hawaiian Islands, and the
Philippine Islands comes to this country in full-ship cargoes. The
sugar is discharged chiefly at the piers of the sugar refineries, although
occasionally it is also discharged at a general cargo pier. Data for
the productivity of longshore labor in discharging raw sugar have been
secured for the following ports: San Francisco, Galveston, New
Orleans, Savannah, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston, and New York.
Ship’s gear and rope slings are used in all ports for the purpose of
transferring the sugar from the hold of the ship to the apron of the
pier. But the equipment on the pier and the methods used in
transferring^ the sugar from the^ ship’s side to the refinery proper or
to the pile in the shed of the pier vary greatly from one refinery to
another. Table 19 gives ^the statistics of discharging raw sugar
expressed in long tons and in bags handled per gang per hour and per
man per hour. The productivity per gang per hour is shown to vary
from an average of 40 long tons discharged at the general cargo
piers in New Orleans to an average of 80.4 long tons discharged at the
two refineries in San Francisco. #The man-hour output varies from
1.35 long tons at a general cargo pier in Galveston to 3.45 long tons at
the two refineries in San Francisco.
The two outstanding cases of high productivity in discharging raw
sugar, measured in terms of either gang-hour or man-hour output, are
to be found in refinery No. 1 in San Francisco and in refinery No. 1
in New York. Both refineries have recently introduced new equip
ment and new methods of transferring the raw sugar from the apron
of the pier to the refinery proper, with an increased productivity
of longshore labor resulting directly from these changes in the pier
equipment.
The refinery in San Francisco discharges Hawaiian sugar only,
which ^comes in bags of 130 to 135 pounds each. The “ union” or
“ married” fall, operated by one winchman, is used to transfer the
sling loads from the hold of the ship to a large movable platform
erected on the apron of the pier. Each sling is made up of 16 to 17
bags, thus averaging about 1 long ton per load. Previous to the
installation of the new system hand trucks were used to transfer the
sugar from the platform on the pier to the scales and thence to the
refinery proper or to the warehouse. # This method (illustrated in
fig. 28) is still used in several refineries in the country. With the
old system the average output of a gang consisting of 34 longshore
men was about 1,200 bags or 70 long tons per gang per hour, and about
35 bags or 2 long tons per man per hour.
Under the present system the platform on which the sugar is landed
from the ship is placed on the second floor of the pier, which is at
about the same level as the deck of^ the ship, thus enabling the
winchmen to see where the sling load is landed and dispensing with
the services of a signal man. During the process of unloading, the
)latform is attached to a portable conveyor equipped with two endess belts, each passing over a scale for the purpose of weighing the
bags. The individual bags are shoved by hand from the platform to
!
54
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP'S CARGO
the two belts and their weights are determined as they pass over the
scales. From the conveyor the bags fall down into an opening in
the floor leading to an inclosed system of conveyors which carry the
bags from the pier either directly into the melting section of the
refinery or to the warehouse. This method of discharging the sugar,
although exceedingly simple from a technical point of view, seems to
prove very effective so far as the productivity of labor is concerned.
With a gang consisting of 21 longshoremen, the average output for
1926 was 1,681 bags or 94.7 long tons per gang per hour and 80.1
bags or 4.51 long tons per man per hour, which is the highest average
productivity for any one commodity loaded or discharged in bags or
other containers. From individual ships a maximum of 2,500 bags
of sugar has been discharged per gang per hour, the rate of discharging
being limited only by the capacity of the winches and the ability of
the men in the hold to make up the sling loads. This method of
transferring the sugar from the pier to the refinery is illustrated in
Figure^ 29, showing the platform on which the sugar is landed from
the ship, the portable conveyor with the two endless belts passing
over two scales, and the opening in the floor leading to the system
of inclosed conveyors which carry the sugar to the refinery.
The New York refinery has also increased the productivity by a
change in the equipment used on the pier which took place very
recently. The old hand-truck system, which was similar to the old
system used in San Francisco, has now given way to a system of
electric platform trucks. Ship’s gear is used to transfer the sling
loads containing four to five bags of Cuban sugar from the hold to
the deck of the ship, and electric cranes, which travel on rails on the
roof of the pier shed, lift the sling loads from the deck of the ship
and load them on the electric trucks. These carry the sugar first to
the scales to be weighed and thence either to the pile or to the melting
dump of the refinery. Under the old system, with a gang of 29 long
shoremen, the average output for 1923 was 59.2 long tons or 408
Cuban bags per gang per hour and 2.04 long tons or 14.1 Cuban bags
per man per hour. With the new equipment and with a gang of 22
men the average output for 1928, given in Table 19, was 87.7 long
tons or 597 Cuban bags per gang per hour, and 3.99 long tons or 27.1
bags per man per hour, an increase of nearly 100 per cent if measured
in terms of productivity per man per hour.
55
DISCHARGING INDIVIDUAL COMMODITIES
T able
19.— Productivity of labor in the discharging of raw sugar
Output per ganghour
Port, and line number
Long tons
San Francisco—refinery:
Line No. 35,103 ships.............................................
Line No. 2, 53 ships.................................... - .........
Bags
94.7 U,681.0
59.6 11 , 101.0
Output per manAverage
hour
number
of men
per gang Long tons Bags
26.6
21.0
4.51
2.24
180.1
141.3
161.9
80.4 11,442.0
23.3
3.45
Galveston—pier: Line No. 12, 27 ships.....................
49.2
a 338.6
36.4
1.35
29.3
New Orleans—refinery: Line No. 34, 72 ships...........
55.2
3 386.0
23.0
2.40
3 16.8
New Orleans—pier:
Line No. 35,36 ships........ ............... ................... .
Line No. 36,12 ships..............................................
Line No. 37,22 ships.........................- ...................
45.0
36.3
34.2
2315.0
2254.1
2 239.4
23.0
1.96
1.73
1.49
212.1
210.4
Average____________ _____ _________________
21.0
23.0
2 13.7
Average___________________________________
40.0
2280.0
22.5
1.78
3 12.5
Savannah—refinery: Line No. 13, 40 ships................
56.6
a396.0
33.0
1.72
3 12.0
Baltimore—refinery:
Line No. 35, 43 ships...................................... ........
Line No. 36,42 ships..............................................
49.4
36.2
2 348.0
i 611.0
29.0
29.0
1.70
1.25
3 12.0
Average___________________________________
43.1
29.0
1.48
Philadelphia—refinery:
Line No. 47, 68 ships..............................................
Line No. 49,7 ships................................................
Line No. 48,19 ships..............................................
Line No. 49, 29 ships..............................................
66.4
48.1
46.9
43.9
35.0
34.0
34.0
34.0
1.90
1.41
1.38
1.29
34.6
1.61
29.0
29.0
27.8
2.47
2.45
2.03
28.4
2.25
25.0
24.4
23.9
25.0
24.1
21.9
29.0
22.0
3.99
2.67
2.57
2.33
2.32
2.30
2.05
2.04
23.5
2.72
Average____________ _____ ________________
Boston—refinery:
Line No. 43. 23 ships......................................... .
Line No. 44, 22 ships........................................... .
Line No. 45,47 ships..............................................
Average________ _
___________________
New York—refinery:
Line No, 104, 43 ships.......... ........................ .........
Line No. 106,13 ships......................................... .
Line No. 107,14 ships.............................................
Line No. 108,36 ships.............................................
Line No. 109, 23 ships..................... ......................
Line No. 110,14 ships.............................................
Line No. I ll, 15 ships.............................................
Line No. 105, 65 ships.............................................
Average___________
_____________________
2449.0
a405.0
2317.0
<759.0
55.7
71.7
71.0
56.4
3 595.3
2486.4
2395.1
63.8
87.7
66.7
62.6
55.7
58.0
55.3
45.0
59.2
2597.0
2467.0
2438. 0
3 601. 0
« 769. 0
2387.0
* 741.5
2408.0
63.9
121.1
3 12.8
3 11.9
29.3
<22.3
3 20.5
216.8
2 14.2
2 27.1
218.7
2 18.0
3 25.1
430.8
2 16.1
433.9
2 14.1
i Hawaiian sugar, about 135 pounds to the bag.
1 Cuban sugar, about 330 to 350 pounds to the bag.
8 Porto Rican sugar, about 250 to 270 pounds to the bag.
4 Philippine sugar, about 135 pounds to the bag.
Discharging Coffee
Table 20 shows the labor productivity in discharging coffee in
Seattle, Cristobal (Canal Zone), Galveston, New Orleans, Phila
delphia, Boston, and New York. Most of the coffee discharged
in these ports comes in parcel lots, together with parcel lots of other
South American products such as linseed, hides, quebracho, etc.,
although occasionally, especially in New Orleans and Cristobal,
coffee is discharged in full-ship cargoes.
The coffee comes in bags of an average weight of 135 pounds, and
it is not a particularly hard commodity to handle. The principal
difficulty, however, in discharging coffee is due to the need of sort
56
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
ing the bags according to the numerous marks which appear on
them; this has to be done on the pier during the operation of dis
charging. It is therefore impracticable to use any kind of equip
ment for the transfer of the bags from the apron of the pier to the
pile in the shed. The sorting also slows down the operations of
the ship’s gear. Each bag has to be handled separately and in most
ports the hand truck stiff proves the most effective piece of equip
ment used in this connection. In some ports, as for instance New
Orleans or Boston, the coffee is discharged onto large 4-wheel trucks
which are then moved into the shed of the pier, where the sorting
is done by a special gang of sorters who remove the bags from the
truck to the respective piles a bag at a time. This necessitates the
use of a much larger gang than is customary in the port for the
handling of any other commodity. As many as 39 men per gang
are used in New Orleans, while 47 men are used in Cristobal.
In Houston a permanent conveyor system is used to transfer the
bags of coffee from the ship’s side to the second floor of the ware
house. The coffee is assorted and piled by workers supplied by the
warehouse operator, and it w~as impossible to determine the pro
ductivity of the longshoremen in Houston on a basis comparable
with the other ports.
The productivity per gang per hour varies from 18.6 long tons for
Galveston to 39.3 long tons for New Orleans, while the productivity
per man per hour varies from 0.46 long ton for Cristobal to 1.25 long
tons for Philadelphia. Considering that this is a uniform cargo in
comparatively small bags, the productivity is very small, particu
larly when contrasted with the handling of raw sugar, which comes
in similar or even larger bags. Not until a system has been devised
by which the bags will be loaded into the ship, already sorted, or
until a better system of sorting is developed, is there any chance of
increasing the productivity of labor in discharging coffee.
T able
20.— Productivity of labor in the discharging of coffee
Output per ganghour
Port, and line number
Long tons
Seattle: Line No. 15, 7 ships______________________
Cristobal (Canal Zone):
Line No. 13,9 ships___ ___ _________________
Line No. 14,10 ships__ ______________________
430.0
24.9
1.04
21.2
22.2
8
45.2
49.4
.47
.45
0)
0)
Average___________________________________
21.7
0)
47.2
.46
0)
Galveston: Line No. 10, 8 ships..__________________
New Orleans: Line No. 30, 22 ships_______________
Philadelphia: Line No. 11, 18 ships________________
Boston: Line No. 11, 24 ships_____________________
18.6
39.3
34.8
31.1
313.4
666.0
571.0
527.0
18.5
39.0
27.9
27.1
1.01
1.01
1.25
1.15
17.0
17.1
20.4
19.3
New York:
Line No. 86, 24 ships..............................................
Line No. 87, 12 ships_________________________
Line No. 41,13 ships_________________________
Line No. 42,13 ships_________________________
34.9
32.5
25.2
28.7
28.7
31.7
33.0
1.22
20.8
21.6
597.0
552.0
428.0
372.0
.66
19.2
13.4
11.3
Average___________________________________
27.8
474.0
30.9
.90
15.3
i Not available.
25.8
Bags
Average Output per manhour
number
of men
per
gang Long tons Bags
1.13
.79
17.7
F
ig u r e
2 9.— P
resen t
M
eth o d
o f
D
isc h a r g in g
R
aw
su g a r
a t a
R
e fin e r y
in
S
an
F
r a n c is c o
F ig u r e
3 0.— D
isc h a r g in g
L
u m ber load ed
U n it s a n d h e l
S an F r a n c is c o
in
d
T
o g et h e r
by sp e c ia l
ir o n
b a n d s o r
h o o k s
.
F
ig u r e
31.— D
is c h a r g in g
Lu
m b e r w i t h s h i p ’s
G
ea r
.
B
o s t o n
.
R
o s s
Ca
r r ie r
R
eady to
P
ic k u p
L
um ber
F
ig u r e
3 2.— d
is c h a r g in g
lea n s
.
S
ban a n a s
tem s
b e in g
w it h
L
Co
po c k e t
if t e d
fr o m
H
n v ey o r
atch
, N
ew
O
r
57
DISCHARGING INDIVIDUAL COMMODITIES
Discharging Newsprint Paper
Newsprint paper is discharged in nearly every major port in the
United States. Most of the paper comes from Canada in full cargo
lots, although some paper also comes from Europe w~ith wood pulp
and other commodities. Table 21 shows the productivity of labor in
discharging paper in Los Angeles, Galveston, Houston, New Orleans,
Norfolk and Newport News, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New
York. The paper is discharged at the general cargo piers by means
of the ship’s gear, and is removed to the warehouse either on long
hand trucks or by electric trucks equipped with a special device for
stacking the paper in piles. The highest gang-hour productivity
shown in Table 21 is for the port of Philadelphia, with an output of
34.4 long tons, while the highest man-hour output is shown for New
York, with an average of 1.94 long tons. It is in New York that
the electric trucks are used in discharging and stacking the paper.
It must be emphasized that the figures for New York refer to the
first year of the use of these trucks for discharging and stacking paper.
T able 21.— Productivity of labor in the discharging of newsprint paper
Port, and line number
Output Aver Output
per
age
per
gang- number manhour of men
hour
(long
(long
per
tons)
tons)
gang
Los Angeles: Line No. 31,
26 ships..____________
Galveston: Line No. 11,
9 ships............ ..............
Houston: Line No. 13, 8
ships______ __________
New Orleans: Line No.
32,13 ships___________
30.2
18.0
1.61
20.3
17.8
1.14
17.3
1.06
19.0
1.24
18.3
23.6
Port, and line number
Output
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
Aver
age
number
of men
per
gang
Norfolk and Newport
News: Line No. 25, 11
ships________________
Baltimore: Line No. 29,
6 ships...........................
Philadelphia: Line No.
45, 8 ships.....................
New York: Line No. 101,
12 ships______________
25.0
19.3
23.2
17.6
1.31
34.4
20.9
1.64
29.2
15.1
1.94
Output
per
manhour
(long
tons)
1.29
Discharging Lumber
Large quantities of lumber in full-ship cargoes are discharged in
San Francisco, Los Angeles, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Boston, and
New York.^ Table 22 shows the labor productivity of longshoremen
in discharging lumber in these ports, measured in terms of board
feet discharged per gang-hour and per man-hour. With the excep
tion of a single line in San Francisco which uses a system of two
gantry cranes for this operation, and a single line in New York which
is using a system of movable electric cranes, all lines presented in
the table use the ship’s gear exclusively. A large proportion of the
lumber is discharged either at the lumber mills or at special lumber
piers and the stevedores merely handle the lumber from the ship to
the apron of the pier. The lumber is then taken away from the
apron and stored by means of special gantry cranes, Ross carriers,
or other lumber-pier equipment. Except in cases where the lumber
is delivered directly to a railroad car, a lighter, or a regular pier
(in which cases a complete gang is used), the data for discharging
refer to the operation of the longshoremen only, which is usually
termed “ ship’s tackle” and is so designated in the table.
The lumber discharged in San Francisco and in Los Angeles is
loaded in comparatively large lumber schooners especially devised
66490°-32------5
58
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
for carrying this kind of cargo. The labor productivity in discharg
ing lumber in these ports is therefore considerably higher than that
for the eastern ports. But even the high productivity of these two
ports is very small in contrast with the productivity of the special
San Francisco line which is using the^ gantry-crane system for dis
charging lumber. The high productivity of this company, however,
is due not so much to the equipment as to the system used in stowing
the lumber when loading the ship. The company loads and dis
charges its own lumber. When loading, the lumber is arranged into
units of uniform size and especially improvised iron hooks are placed
around each unit before loading it into the ship. The iron hooks
are left with the unit, so that in discharging the cargo the hold men
merely attach the lifting chains of the crane to the iron hooks on
the unit of lumber. This system eliminates the necessity of stowing
the individual pieces of lumber when loading and of making up the
sling loads when discharging. The make-up of the individual units
of lumber and the two cranes in process of discharging the lumber
from the ship are shown in Figure 30.
The average output in discharging lumber by this system is shown
to be 68,800 board feet per crane per hour, and 5,970 board feet per
man per hour. The man-hour productivity of this system of dis
charging lumber is nearly three times as large as for the line with
the highest man-hour productivity attained by using the ship’s gear
and by stowing the lumber by individual pieces. The principal
obstacles to the utilization of the unit system for intercoastal lumber
are due to the fact that in using the unit system a large percentage of
the cargo space is wasted in the process of stowing the units. Also,
the lumber when stowed in units is not so compact as when stowed
by the piece and there is danger of the lumber shifting in stormy
weather.
In the eastern ports the average productivity per gang per hour
varies from 9,200 board feet discharged at the general cargo piers in
Boston to 15,400 board feet discharged by “ ship’s tackle” m New
York. The man-hour productivity of eastern ports varies from an
average of 560 board feet for the same lines in Boston to 1,050 board
feet discharged by “ ship’s tackle” in New York. (See fig. 31.)
T a b l e 22»— Productivity of labor in the discharging of lumber
Port, and line number
San Francisco—ship’s tackle:
Line No. 27,19 ships..................................................................
Line No. 28,10ships__________ _____ _ _______ ___ _____ _
Line No. 29,22 ships........ ............................................................
Line No. 30,18 ships............... ......................................................
Average Output per
Output per number
of man-hour
gang-hour
men
per (board
(board feet)
feet)
gang
31,480
27,330
34,100
24,400
15.3
15.5
24.4
19.9
2,050
1,760
1,390
1,230
___________________________
28,950
16.5
1,650
Line No. 31, 31 ships—gantry crane, unit system of stowage_______
68,800
11.5
5,970
Los Angeles—ship’s tackle:
Line No. 25, 20 ships___ _____________________ ______ _______
Line No. 26,20 ships..... ..................................................................
Line No. 27,19 ships.......................................................................
Line No. 28,18 ships......................................................................
Line No. 29, 23 ships................ ............................................. ........
31,270
24,570
31,710
24,010
24,870
16.0
12.7
16.7
14.1
15.7
1,950
1,940
1,900
1,710
1,580
26,660
14.7
1,820
Average___________________
Average__________________________________ ____ ________
59
DISCHARGING INDIVIDUAL COMMODITIES
T able
22.— Productivity of labor in the discharging of lumber— Continued
Port, and line number
Average Output per
Output per number
of man-hour
gang-hour
per (board
feet)
(board feet) men
gang
Baltimore—ship’s tackle and railroad cars:
Line No. 27,11 ships_______________________________________
Line No. 28,15 ships___ ________ ________ ___________________
11,200
15,900
18.1
17.3
880
650
Average............................................ ...........................................
14,500
17.9
810
13,700
13,600
12,600
12,000
9,900
9,300
16.7
17.8
16.9
17.0
16.0
15.0
820
770
740
710
620
620
Philadelphia—ship’s tackle and railroad cars:
Line No. 37,11 ships............................................................. .........
Tiine No. 38,12,qhips._
__
Line No. 39,15 ships............. ............................................... .........
Line No. 40,9 ships.......... ..............................................................
Line No. 41,9 ships________________________________________
Line No. 21,38 ships.......... ............... .................... ......................
Average____________________________________ ____________
11,700
16.5
710
Boston:
Ship’s tackle—
Line No. 38,17 ships— ______ _______________ __________
Line No. 39,18 ships______ _____ ___________ ___________
Line No. 40, 22 ships______________________________ __ __
14,400
12,900
11,500
15.7
15.7
15.4
920
820
750
Average_____________________________________________
13,200
15.6
850
Pier and railroad cars—
Line No. 41,4 ships____________________________________
Line No. 42,7 ships_____________________________________
9,200
9,300
15.6
17.2
590
540
Average_____________________________________________
9,200
16.5
560
New York:
Ship’s tackle—
Line No. 89,47 ships............. ............... .......... ......................
Line No. 90,25 ships................................................................
Line No. 91,15 ships___________________________________
Line No. 92,24 ships___________________________________
Line No. 93,15 ships________________ ____ ______________
Line No. 94,18 ships___________________________________
Line No. 95,13 ships___________________________________
16,300
16,100
15,100
15,000
14,400
13,500
1,120
1,110
12,600
14.6
14.5
14.4
14.9
14.6
14.8
14.7
15,400
14.6
1,050
14,800
13,400
11,700
12,400
12,700
12,300
20.0
18.6
16.9
18.1
18.8
18.3
740
720
690
680
680
670
13,000
18.6
700
Average____________ ________________________________
Pier and railroad cars—
Line No. 70, 25 ships....................................................... ........
Line No. 96,14 ships______ ______ ______________________
Line No. 97,15 ships_________________________ __________
Line No. 98,9 ships_____ _______________ ____________
Line No. 100, 20 ships____ __________________________
Line No. 99,17 ships____________________________________
Average..___________________________________________
1,040
1,010
990
910
860
Discharging Bananas
Table 23 gives the average productivity of labor in discharging
full cargoes of bananas in New Orleans, Mobile, Charleston, Balti
more, Philadelphia, Boston, and New York. There is more special
equipment now in use in the several ports for the purpose of dis
charging bananas than for any other single commodity. The piece
of equipment most commonly used is the pocket belt conveyor. In
New Orleans and in Mobile the conveyors constitute a permanent
feature of the banana piers. Each belt is operated from an electric
tower which travels on rails along the entire length of the pier.
Figure 32 shows a pocket conveyor in the process of lifting the
stems of bananas from the hatch of the ship and delivering them to
the pier. The wooden superstructure over the belt is used to protect
the bananas from inclement weather.
60
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
Figure 33 shows the pier side of the operation with two men stationed
at each conveyor to transfer the stems of bananas from the pockets
of the conveyor to an endless belt which runs along the entire length
of the pier. While traveling on this belt the bananas are classified by
the degree of ripeness and by size (determined by the number of
“ hands” on the stem) and are then lifted over to one of the several
other belts which run at right angles to the main longitudinal belt.
Alongside each of these belts freight cars are placed, into which the
bananas are removed and stowed by man power.
Figure 34 shows a section of the belt system, with a series of box
cars placed on either side of the belt. The men are seen removing
the stems of bananas from the belt and canning them on their
shoulders into the cars to be stowed for immediate destination.
In the^ other ports portable belt conveyors are used, which are
lowered into the hatch with the help of the ship’s gear, and are
operated by electricity supplied by a portable motor on the pier.
The portable conveyors are much smaller than those used in New
Orleans or in Mobile and do not extend beyond the opening of the
hatch. From these the bananas are transferred to the side of the
ship and thence to the apron of the pier by means of portable endless
belt conveyors, which are so rigged as to make a complete unit with
the pocket conveyor in the hatch. From the apron of the pier the
stems or bunches of bananas are earned away by man power and are
carefully stowed into box cars stationed inside the shed of the pier.
In New York and in Baltimore a large proportion of the bananas is
loaded into box cars on floats, and gravity rollers are often used to
transfer the bananas from the side ports of the ship to their destina
tion in the car. In Boston, New York, Baltimore, and Philadel
phia a considerable proportion of the cargo is auctioned off on the
pier and is loaded directly into trucks at the apron of the pier, thus
eliminating the need of stowing the bananas in the cars.
The statistics on labor productivity given in Table 23 cover all the
workers engaged in the process of handling the bananas, including
the car stowers. The total number of man-hours used in the entire
process was divided by the total number of conveyor-hours in opera
tion in order to determine the average number of men used per
conveyor-hour. The labor productivity is given in terms of “ stems”
or bunches handled per hour as the weight of the bunches is too
variable to permit its use as a unit of measurement for the handling
of bananas. The average output of discharging bananas varies from
465 bunches per conveyor per hour for Baltimore to 1,833 bunches
for New Orleans, and from 9.66 per man per hour for Charleston
(discharging partly by hand and partly by conveyors) to 20.06 per
man per hour for Philadelphia. The lower man-hour productivity
in New Orleans and Mobile in connection with a higher conveyorhour output is due to the fact that in these two ports nearly all the
bananas are loaded into cars, while in the eastern ports a large per
centage of the bananas is loaded into trucks requiring no stowage.
An interesting comparison of labor productivity in handling
bananas is offered by the change in the method of handling bananas
in the port of New York. In 1925, before the conveyor system was
introduced, the average productivity for 66 ships handled by one line
was 561 stems per gang per hour, or 12.42 stems per man per hour.
With the conveyors in operation in 1928, the average productivity
F
ig u r e
3 3.— D
is c h a r g in g
O
ba n ana s
rlea n s
,
w it h
p ie r
b elt
v ie w
Co
nveyor
in
N
ew
F
ig u r e
3 4.—
r e m o v in g
ban ana s
fro m
b e lt
S
y stem
in t o
b o x
c a r s
.
N
ew
O
rlea ns
61
DISCHARGING INDIVIDUAL COMMODITIES
for 97 ships handled by the same line was 776. 5 stems per conveyor
per hour, or 18.37 stems per man per hour, an increase of nearly 50
per cent in the man-hour output, which can be directly attributed to
the use of pier equipment.
T able
23.— Productivity of labor in the discharging of bananas
Port, and line number
Average
Output
per gang number of
or convey men per
or hour
gang or
conveyor
(stems)
Output
per manhour
(stems)
New Orleans:
Line No. 25,165 ships......................................................................
Line No. 26, 313 ships______________________________________
2,299.4
1,663.2
158.8
124.5
14.48
13.36
Average_________________________________________________
1,832.8
133.7
13.71
Mobile: Line No. 14,166 ships_________________________________
Charleston: Line No. 7,53 ships________________________________
Baltimore: Line No. 24,69 ships________________________________
Philadelphia: Line No. 31,94 ships_____________________________
Boston: Line No. 34,102 ships. ______ _____ ___ ____ ____________
New York: Line No. 84,97 ships.................... ............ ......................
1,369.0
0)
465.0
806.0
572.1
776.5
100.0
13.69
10.40
14.53
20.06
13.39
18.37
(9
32.0
40.2
42.7
42.3
1 Not available; the discharging was done partly by a belt conveyor, but chiefly by hand power.
Discharging Burlap
Table 24 gives the productivity of labor in discharging burlap in
the following ports: Seattle, Galveston, New Orleans, Savannah,
Norfolk, and Boston. The output per gang per hour varies from
21.9 long tons discharged in Norfolk with a gang averaging 21.4 men
to 33.8 long tons discharged in New Orleans with a gang averaging
19 men. The output per man per hour ranges from 0.73 long ton
for Savannah to 1.78 long tons for New Orleans.
T able
24.— Productivity of labor in the discharging of burlap
Port, and line number
Seattle:
Line No. 2,16 ships________________________________________
Galveston:
Line No. 8,10 ships_______ ______ _____ _____ _______________
Line No. 9,11 ships.........................................................................
Average......... ...... .................................. ............ .................... .
Output
per ganghour
Long tons
Average
number of
men per
gang
Output
per manhour
Long tons
1.12
27.2
24.4
27.1
23.6
20.0
19.0
1.36
1.24
24.9
19.6
1.27
New Orleans: Line No. 27,14 ships_________________________ ____
Savannah: Line No. 10, 6 ships............ ..................... .........................
Norfolk: Line No. 1, 7 ships......................... ..................... .................
Boston:
Line No. 13,15 ships................ .................................................. .
Line No. 12, 8 ships.........................................................................
33.8
30.5
21.9
19.0
41.5
21.4
1.78
.73
29.1
26.9
18.5
19.0
1.57
1.39
Average___ _____ _________________ ____________ __________
27.6
18.8
1.47
1.02
62
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
Discharging Nitrate of Soda
Table 25 shows the productivity of labor in discharging nitrate of
soda in the following ports: San Francisco, Los Angeles, New Orleans,
Savannah, Charleston, and Norfolk. The productivity of labor in
discharging nitrate is shown to vary from 24.6 ]ong tons per gang
per hour in Norfolk to 53.5 long tons per gang per hour in Savannah.
The man-hour productivity ranges from 0.65 long ton in Norfolk
to 1.66 long tons in New Orleans.
T a b l e 25.— Productivity of labor in the discharging of nitrate of soda
Port, and line number
Output
per ganghour
Average
number of
men per
gang
Long tom
San Francisco: Line No. 32, 7 ships_________ ________ ___________
Los Angeles: Line No. 30,11 ships______________________________
New Orleans: Line No. 31,14 ships_____________________ ___
Savannah: Line No. 12,10 ships___________________________
Charleston:
Line No. 10,6 ships_____________________________________
Line No. 11,11 ships__________________________ ____________
Average_____________________________________________
Norfolk: Line No. 26,18 ships________________________________
Baltimore:
Line No. 30,12 ships________________ ________________ ____ _
Line No. 31,11 ships_____________ ______ __ ______________ _
Average_______________________________________________
Output
per manhour
Lon g tons
29.9
38.7
44.9
53.5
20.3
24.0
27.0
1 57.0
1.66
43.1
40.6
140.7
139.9
1.06
41.5
140.2
1.03
24.6
i 38.0
.65
36.8
34.7
31.9
31.8
1.15
1.06
35.9
31.8
1.13
1.47
1.61
.94
1.02
i Inclusive of men piling cargo by hand.
Discharging Wet Hides
In Table 26 is shown the productivity of labor in discharging wet
hides in the following ports: Norfolk, Philadelphia, Boston, and New
York. The hides discharged in these ports come in single pieces loosely
piled in the hold of the ship. They are taken out of the ship with the
ship’s gear, the hook lifting as many hides as will stick to it during the
transfer from the hold to the apron of the pier. Hand trucks, hand
carts, or electric carts are used to transfer the hook load from the
apron to the shed, where the hides are weighed and rolled into individ
ual bundles before being piled on the pier or loaded into box cars for
immediate shipment. Figure 35 shows a load of wet hides in the proc
ess of being lifted out of the hatch of a ship in Norfolk.
The work of weighing and rolling the hides is not performed by the
longshoremen, and therefore these operations are not included in the
table. Productivity in discharging wet hides is shown to vary from
17.5 long tons per gang per hour in Boston to 21.2 long tons per gang
per hour in Philadelphia. The man-hour productivity ranges From
0.70 long ton in Norfolk to 0.85 long ton in Philadelphia,
F
ig u r e
3 5.— D
is c h a r g in g
W
et
H
id e s
in
N
o r fo lk
F
ig u r e
3 6.— d
is c h a r g in g
O
re
w it h
s h i p ’s
G
ear
and
T
ubs
63
DISCHARGING INDIVIDUAL COMMODITIES
T a b l e 26*— Productivity of labor in the discharging of wet hides
Output
per ganghour
Port, and line number
Norfolk: Line No. 3, 9 ships....................................... ................. ......
Philadelphia: Line No. 11,18 ships........................................... .........
Boston:
Line No. 17,15 ships........ ..............................................................
Line No. 11, 24 ships____ _____________ _____________________
Average
number of
men per
gang
Long tons
Output
per manhour
Long tom
21.2
ia 3
26.1
25.0
0.70
.85
18.7
1.7.4
21.1
.88
25.0
.70
Average.-i______________________________________________
17.5
24.5
.71
New York:
Line No. 112, 9 ships_______ ____ _______________ ______ _____
Line No. 113,10 ships______________________________________
22.9
16.2
26.1
23.5
.88
Average______________________________________ _________
19.2
24.7
.78
.69
Discharging Wood Pulp
Table 27 gives the productivity of labor in discharging wood pulp
in the following ports: Norfolk, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Boston.
The output per gang per hour varies from 27.2 long tons in Philadel
phia to 35.7 long tons m Baltimore. The man-hour output varies from
1.24 long tons in Philadelphia to 1.62 long tons in Baltimore.
T a b l e 2 7 .— Productivity of labor in the discharging of wood pulp
Port, and line number
Norfolk and Newport News: Line No. 1,12 ships____________:____
Baltimore:
Line No. 37, 8 ships________________________________________
Line No. 38, 9 ships________________________________________
Output
per ganghour
Average
number of
men per
gang
Long tons
33.3
24.5
39.5
32.8
22.0
22.0
Output
per manhour
Long tons
1.36
1.79
1.49
Average, 2 lines__________________________________________
35.7
22.0
1.62
Philadelphia: Thrift No. 2, 33 ships______________________________
Boston:
Line No. 1, 8 ships_________________________________________
Line No. 46, 28 ships_______________________________________
27.2
21.9
1.24
31.5
29.0
18.9
18.7
1.67
1.55
Average_________________________________________________
29.2
18.7
1.56
Discharging Ore
Table 28 presents the productivity of labor in discharging ore in the
following ports: Tacoma, San Francisco, Norfolk, Baltimore, Phila
delphia, Boston, and New York. The first section of the table shows
the productivity of labor in discharging ore with ship’s gear and with
tubs and the second section the productivity in discharging ore with
grabs operated by a crane. (See also fig. 36.)
In discharging ore with tubs the productivity of labor is shown to
vary from 23.7 long tons per gang per hour in New York to 37.8 long
tons per gang per hour in San Francisco. The man-hour productivity
ranges from 1.43 long tons in New York to 2.16 long tons in San Fran
cisco. In discharging ore with grabs, operated by a crane, the pro
64
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP'S CARGO
ductivity of labor varies from 36.9 long tons per gang-hour in Boston
to 221.2 long tons per gang-hour in Philadelphia. The man-hour
productivity, which includes also the trimming of the ore, ranges from
4.16 long tons in Philadelphia, where the ore is trimmed by hand, to
10.00 long tons in Baltimore, where the ore is trimmed with the Avery
automatic trimmer. (See fig. 6, p. 10.)
Table 28.— Productivity of labor in the discharging of ore
Port, and line number
Out
put per
ganghour
(long
tons)
Aver Out
age
num put per
ber of manhour
men
Gong
per
gang tons)
With tubs and
ship’s gear
Tacoma:
Line No. 3,15 ships____
San Francisco:
Line No. 33,10 ships___
Norfolk:
Line No. 24,10 ships___
Baltimore:
Line No. 32, 24 ships—
Manganese ore_____
Chrome ore________
24 2
12.2
1.99
37.8
17.5
2.16
28.6
14.4
1.99
28.6
36.3
16.4
16.7
1.73
2.17
Average_________
31.2
16.5
1.89
Philadelphia:
Line No. 43, 7 ships____
Line No. 42,11 ships___
36.0
37.4
19.2
18.0
1.88
2.08
36.6
18.6
1.97
29.8
19.8
15.4
17.3
1.94
1.15
23.7
16.7
1. 43
Average, 2 lines.
New York:
Line No. 102,11 ships...
Line No. 103, 12 ships...
Average, 2 lines.
Port, and line number
Out
put per
ganghour
(long
tons)
Aver Out
age
num put per
ber of manmen hour
(long
per
gang tons)
With cranes and
grabs
Baltimore:
Line No. 32, 20 ships—
Discharging.............. 149.1
Discharging and
trimming__ _____
0)
Philadelphia:
Line No. 44, 42 ships—
Discharging.............. 221.2
Discharging and
trimming________
(0
Boston:
Line No. 50,17 ships—
oa
q
T^ionhoi*(riTicr
i/lSuiiarging..
oo» y
Discharging and
trimming________
0)
!J
6.8
21.90
(0
10.00
6.5
3402
V)
2.0
(l)
416
18.43
443
i The longshoremen are not arranged in gangs.
Discharging Principal Individual Commodities
Table 29 contains a summary of the commodities discharged in
the ports covered in this survey, for which it was possible to deter
mine the productivity of labor. With the exception of commodities
which are handled in bulk, the gang-hour productivity of labor is
shown to range from 16.8 long tons of mixed iron and steel discharged
in Boston to 80.4 long tons of raw sugar discharged in San Francisco.
The man-hour productivity ranges from 0.65 long ton of nitrate of
soda discharged in Norfolk to 3.45 long tons of raw sugar discharged
in San Francisco.
65
DISCHARGING INDIVIDUAL COMMODITIES
T a b le
29.— Productivity of labor in the discharging of individual commoditiesy by
ports
Seattle
Commodity
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
Burlap_____________
Canned goods.______
C offee,..................
Copper____________
Copra. .............. ........
Iron and steel:
Miscellaneous___
Pipe___________
Lumber.. Nitrate of soda______
Ore______ __________
Paper______________
Silk_______ _____ _
Sugar, raw_________
Tea___ ____ ________
Tin plate___________
27.2
29.5
25.8
1.55
1.04
19.5
Bananas.... .............. .
Bones______________
Burlap....... ................
Cement____________
Coffee____ ____ ____
Fertilizer___________
Iron and steel: Cotton
bands____________
Nitrate of soda______
Newsprint paper____
Sisal............................
Sugar:
Raw___________
Refined________
Sulphur.......... ...........
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
1.50
---- ---24.2
22.7
25.9
31.9
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
San Francisco
Los Angeles
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons;
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
34.7
1.85
28.8
2.45
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
24.0
2.69
27.0
26.5
2.13
1.88
1.99
129.0 i 1.65
29.9
1.47
37.8
2.16
.77
80.4
.75
1.88
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
24.9
1.27
18.6
1.01
42.5
Houston
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
21.9
1.37
20.7
1.15
1.14
18.3
1.06
49.2
1.35
11,000 board feet.
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
21.7
28.5
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
0.46
.75
21.4
1.78
126.6 i 1.81
38.7
1.61
30.2
1.67
2.57
New Orleans
Outr
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
Cristobal
(Canal
Zone)
3.45
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
Mobile
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
*1,832.8 H3.71 21,369.0 213.69
14.2
.73
19.9
1.05
33.4
1.85
39.3
1.01
15.2
.82
20.3
Portland,
Oreg.
1.12
Galveston
Commodity
Tacoma
1.66
44.9
23.6
31.4
1.24
1.75
48.1
2.11
20.7
Savannah
Out Out
put put
per
per
gang-■manhour hour
(long (long
tons) tons)
Charleston
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
(3)
29.66
30.5
0.73
24.7
.90
33.1
.85
28.0
.69
53.5
.94
41.5
1.03
56.6
35.4
1.72
.81
1.29
‘ 37.’ 5' ' T i s
66
CHAP. 2.— PRODUCTIVITY, STEVEDORING SHIP’S CARGO
T able
29.— Productivity of labor in the discharging of individual commodities, by
ports— Continued
Norfolk
Commodity
Bananas
Bones________________________
Burlap_______________________
Canned goods_________________
Cement______________________
C halk............— _____ ________
China clay___________________
Coffee_______________________
Copper ________ ____________
Cotton (Egyptian)____________
Fertilizer___ ________________
Hides, wet___________ _______ _
Iron and steel:
Miscellaneous_____________
Pig iro n _________________
Licorice root._________________
Linseed______________________
Lumber______________________
Nitrate of soda________________
O n ion s._____________________
Ores:
General.... ................. ......... .
Chrome.......... .......................
Manganese_______________
Paper
________________________
Quebracho___________________
Rags_________________________
Sugar, raw___________________
Sulphur.......... .......... ..................
Wood pulp__________ _________
Wool____ ____________________
i l , 000 board feet.
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
21.9
25.4
1.02
18.3
24.6
Baltimore
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
32.9
33.3
2Stems.
Out
put
per
ganghour
Oong
tons)
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
Boston
Out
put
per
ganghour
Oong
tons)
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
New York
Out
put
per
ganghour
(long
tons)
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
*465.0 *14.53 2806.0 220.06 2572.1 213.39 2776.5 2 18.37
18.5
1.00
27.6
1.47
21.7
.97
1.07
27.6
43.9
1.97
1.39
40.5
.94
16.1
3.53
.82
16.6
25.0
.78
34.8
1.25
31.1
1.15
27.8
.90
1.90
31.1
21.4
1.18
28.7
1.50
28.4
1.48
21.2
.70
17.5
.71 19.2
.85
.78
.65
26.9
1.80
i 14.5
35.9
1.81
1.13
/31.2
I (3)
28.6
25.0
Out
put
per
manhour
(long
tons)
Philadelphia
1.89
* 10.00
1.99
1.29
23.2
2.05
1.36
43.1
1.48
45.80
(3)
1.62
35.7
20.8
46.4
28.2
30.0
i 11.7
1.31
3Not available.
1.41
16.8
26. 7
2.90
1.47
1.34
1.71 i 13.2
1.85
22.5
1.18
(9
<4.43
37.4
2.08
<4.16 }
(3)
36.0
34.4
1.88
28.7
55.7
1.14
1.61
27.2
1.24
1.05
1.81
1.64
34.4
115.4
2.39
11.05
24.9
12.8
1.51
.72
1.94
.74
2.72
23.3
1.08
29.2
21.3
63.8
2.25
63.9
29.2
26.5
1.56
1.32
* Discharging
and trimming.
C h a p t e r 3 .—
LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN
THE UNITED STATES
Foreign and Intercoastal Trade
Nature of Longshore Work
The longshoreman does not work alone, as an individual. In
order to transfer the ship’s cargo to the pier and vice versa, the workers
are arranged into gangs with definite junctions allocated to the sep
arate groups which make up the gang. A gang usually consists of
three such groups: One group working on the pier, the second on
the deck of the ship, ana the third in the hold of the ship.^ When
discharging, the men in the hold of the ship “ break out” the individ
ual bags or boxes from their places of stowage and carry them to the
center of the hatch where they are placed in drafts or slings. Upon
a signal from the hatch tender, the winch operators start the upward
journey of the sling from the hold to the deck, then to the side of the
ship, and finally onto the apron of the pier. There the sling may be
landed on a 4-wheel truck or a power platform and at once taken to
the proper place on the pier where it is piled away, thus completing
the operations generally assigned to the work of longshoremen, or
it may be landed on the floor of the apron, the sling undone and the
individual pieces placed upon 2-wheel trucks and then taken to
their separate destinations on the pier. In loading, the operations
are reversed.
These are the most simple operations involved in loading, or dis
charging cargo. The methods used vary considerably from port to
port, from pier to pier, and from commodity to commodity. At some
piers only 2-wheel trucks are used; at other piers only 4-wheel plat
form trucks. In New York, the method of transferring the loaded
slings from the ship to the pier and vice versa, is known as the “ Bur
ton” system. In Philadelphia and New Orleans, a variation of this
system is used and is called the “ whip,” while on the West Coast
another variation is used, which is known as the “ married” or
“ union” fall. Occasionally the winches are dispensed with alto
gether and a crane or a conveyor is used instead.
But whatever the system used, the longshoremen are usually re
quired to handle and often also to lift the individual pieces of cargo.
A bag of flour ranges from 100 to 150 pounds; a bag of coffee from 135
to 200 pounds; a bag of Porto Rican sugar weighs 250 pounds and a
bag of Cuban sugar 330 pounds; cottonseed and linseed cake and meal,
nitrate of soda, sulphates, and other fertilizers come in bags from
200 to 300 pounds each. A bale of American cotton weighs 500
pounds and a bale of Egyptian cotton 750 pounds; a bale of crude
rubber 224 pounds; a barrel of lubricating oil about 500 pounds; and
a hogshead of tobacco from 500 to 1,000 pounds. At once it becomes
very clear that the essential requirements for the job of a longshore
man are a mighty arm, a hard muscle, and a large, strong back.
67
G8
CHAP. 3,— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN U. S.
As to the amount of brain and skill involved in the work of loading
and discharging cargo the question can not be so simply answered.
There is no apprentice system existing in longshore work. The new
worker, the inexperienced man (or the “ stiff,” as the newcomer is
commonly called), is placed in the gang on an equal basis with the
older men and at equal pay. While it takes time to learn how to
handle a 2-wheel truck, this work can hardly be classified as skilled.
But when it comes to the handling of the ship’s winches or to stowing
the cargo in the ship’s hold, the degree of training required^ the
amount of judgment, and the sense of responsibility involved in so
placing the cargo as to make the best possible use of the space and to
insure that no damage will be done either to the cargo or to the ship
during the crossing—such work can be learned only after several
years of constant and persevering application. Certainly this part
of the work of the longshoreman is undoubtedly skilled labor, and
should be classified as such.
Hours of Work and Rates of Wages
All major ports in the United States have definitely established
rules pertaining to the hours of work and the rates of wages for long
shoremen engaged in foreign and intercoastal shipping. Theoretically
the 8-hour day and the 44-hour week has been accepted as the stand
ard for longshore work, but in practice longshoremen are called upon
to work at any hour of the day or night, depending on the hours of
arrival and departure of ships. The rate of wages, however, is deter
mined by the time during which the actual work of loading and dis
charging is performed. The hours between 8 a. m. and 12 noon and
between 1 p. m. and 5 p. m. on all week days, exclusive of Saturday
afternoon, are considered the basic working hours. For work per
formed during these hours the longshoremen are paid on a straighttime basis. All other time, except meal hours, is counted overtime
and the workers are paid one and one-half times the straight rate.
Work done during meal hours, which are somewhat differently defined
in the various ports, is usually paid for at double the regular long
shore rate. On the west coast the prevailing rate for longshoremen
is 90 cents an hour straight time and $1.35 an hour overtime. In
New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore the rate is 85 cents
an hour straight time and $1.30 an hour overtime. In Norfolk,
New Orleans, Houston, and .Galveston the regular union rate is 80
cents an hour straight time and $1.20 an hour overtime.
These rates of wages apply to the handling of* all commodities
which are classified as general cargo. Certain commodities, however,
which are dangerous to handle, such as explosives, for example, or
which, like wet hides, are objectionable because of the odor or some
other characteristic feature, are classified among the so-called “ pen
alty” commodities. The rate of wages for handling these commod
ities is usually higher than that for general cargo. The following
two schedules of wages—one from the agreement between the Inter
national Longshoremen’s Association and the employers’ organiza
tions in New York, and the other from the San Francisco agreements
between the Longshoremen’s Association of San Francisco and the
employers’ organization—are presented as examples of the variations
in the rates of wages existing in the different ports.
69
FOREIGN AND INTERCOASTAL, TRADE
Rates of Wages in New York , 1928
1. On general cargo from 8 a. m. to 12 o’clock noon and from 1 to 5 p. m. on
all week days, exclusive of Saturday afternoon, men shall receive 85 cents per
hour.
2. All other time, except meal hours, shall be counted and paid for at the
rate of $1.30 per hour.
3. Meal hours are 6 a. m. to 7 a. m., 12 noon to 1 p. m., 6 p. m. to 7 p. m.
and 12 midnight to 1 a. m. For the hour 12 noon to 1 p. m. week days, except
Saturdays and holidays, the rate shall be $1.30, this rate to continue until the
men are relieved; for all other meal hours, including Saturdays, Sundays and
holidays, the men shall be paid double the prevailing rate. Men to be paid for
the fuU meal hour if worked any part of it.
4. Men employed on bulk cargo, ballast, and all coal cargoes, including loading
and trimming coal for a steamer’s own bunker purposes, to receive 90 cents per
hour between the hours of 8 a. m. and 12 o’clock noon and from 1 to 5 p. m. on
all week days, except Saturday afternoons. All other time, except meal hours,
to be considered as overtime and paid for at $1.35 per hour.
5. Men handling wet hides shall receive $1 per hour regular time and $1.45
per hour overtime.
6. Kerosene, gasoline, and naphtha in cases, when loaded by case gangs, to
pay $1.05 per hour. All other time to be $1.60 per hour.
7. When men are employed in handling and stowing in refrigerator space,
meats, fowls, and other similar cargo, which are to be transported with the
temperature in the boxes at freezing or lower, the men are to receive $1.05 per
hour straight time and $1.50 overtime.
8. (a) When men are handling explosives down the bay the following scale
to apply: From 8 a. m. to 12 o’clock noon and from 1 to 5 p. m. on all week days,
exclusive of Saturday afternoons, $1.70 per hour.
(b) All other time shall be counted and paid for at the rate of $2.60 per hour.
Rates of Wages in San Francisco, 1927
Occupation, or kind of commodity
Longshore work______________________________________________________________
Shoveling (all commodities)___________________________________________________
Shoveling bones in bulk_______________________________ ______ _________________
Oriental oil (in cases)_____________
______________________________________
Explosives: When general cargo is loaded into a compartment in which explosives
are already loaded (stowed) unprotected or when general cargo and explosives are
being loaded into different compartments simultaneously______________________
Damaged cargo: If cargo of vessel either in whole or in part is badly damaged by fire,
collision, springing a leak, or stranding, for handling only that part of the cargo
which is in badly damaged or offensive condition__________________ _______ ____
Creosote lumber or piles______________________________________________________
Cement (domestic) __________________________________________________________
Cement (foreign): Packed in bags with no inner container and a very loose mesh.. . .
Green hides__________________________________________________ ______ _________
Base fertilizer (animal)________________________________________________________
Scrap-metal cargoes (excluding rails), discharging only__________________________
Straight
time
$0.90
Over
time
1.65
1.00
$1.35
1.65
1.65
1.50
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.50
1.35
1.50
1. 50
1.50
1. 50
1.10
1.00
.90
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
The regular and penalty rates in the other ports are somewhat
different from the rates given for New York and San Francisco.
For example, in Houston, Galveston, and New Orleans the union
rates on cotton and tobacco are established on a piece basis; and in
Boston, coffee is classified among the penalty commodities, while
cement is omitted.
Finally, there are variations in the rates of wages among the dif
ferent workers constituting a gang. In all ports the gang leader
receives a higher wage than the other men. In some ports the
winchmen get a higher wage than the hold men, and the latter get
a higher wage than the truckers. The majority of the men in the
gang, however, receive the prevailing regular rate and in the sub
sequent tables on the earnings of longshoremen, as well as those on
70
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN U. S.
the cost of cargo handling, this rate alone has been taken into
consideration.
Conditions of Employment
The longshoreman can get work only for the period the ship remains
in port for the purpose of discharging or loading cargo. More ships
in port mean more jobs for longshoremen; a storm delaying sea
traffic means no work for the longshoremen during the delay, followed
by a period of feverish activity in order to catch up with the work and
enable the ship to sail on time. Ships may arrive and leave the port
every day, some after a stay of only a day or two, others after a week
or 10 days. Sometimes they straggle in one by one, and sometimes
they come in numbers. Again, at certain seasons of the year there
may be more ships and more cargo than at other seasons. All of
these fluctuations in shipping affect the jobs of the longshoremen.
The shipping companies or the contracting stevedores doing the
work of discharging and loading the ships are seldom in a position to
know in advance how long the actual work of loading or discharging
will last or how many men they will need for this work. Hence there
has developed the system of hiring the longshoreman by the hour and
hiring him only where and when actually needed. When a ship
arrives in port only a handful of men may be put to work at first, for
the purpose of rigging up the masts, opening the hatches, setting up
the gear, etc. After this is done more men are added until the work
of discharging is completed and the loading begins. Then suddenly
it may develop that not enough cargo has been assembled on the pier
to occupy all the hands engaged, and the entire crew of longshoremen
is dismissed until a day or two before sailing time when the men must
work day and night to complete the loading and release the ship on
schedule time. These are the conditions of the longshore industry
which deservedly place it at the head of the list of casual industries.
So far the picture presented above applies equally to all ports in
the United States. But when attention is turned to the problem of
employment of longshore labor, the methods of hiring and the systems,
if any, used in adjusting the supply of longshore labor to the demand,
the situation becomes more complicated. Generally speaking, how
ever, and this applies to the ports in Europe as well as in the United
States, it is possible to distinguish two groups of ports: Those at
which no attempt has been made to regulate the supply and demand
of longshore labor, and those at which the difficulties and the casual
ness of the longshore industry have been recognized and various
schemes adopted to adjust the supply of longshore labor to the vary
ing needs of the port. In the first group belong the majority of ports
in the United States, with New York as the leading example. Seattle,
Portland, Oreg., and Los Angeles are the only three ports in this
country which belong to the second group, usually known as “ de
casualized” ports. In Europe, and particularly in Great Britain,
nearly all the ports have been decasualized. London introduced a
system of decasualization as early as 1891; Hamburg in 1906; Liver
pool in 1912; Rotterdam in 1916; and Antwerp in 1929.
Conditions at Ports not Decasualized
A port which has not been decasualized has no definite system of
informing the workers as to the exact date or hour the ship will dock
FIG U R E 37.— A “ S H A P E ”
O F L O N G S H O R E M E N IN N E W Y O R K
FOREIGN AND INTERCOASTAL TRADE
71
at the pier. In the days of the saloon, notices of arrival were posted
on bulletin boards especially kept in the saloon for that purpose. In
several ports to-day blackboards are placed in pool rooms, soft-drink
establishments, cheap restaurants, and other such places near the
water front where the longshoremen are known to congregate between
spells of work. The more literate longshoremen also follow the reports
of ship movements in the daily papers, English or foreign. Finally,
the news of the ship’s arrival is transmitted by word of mouth from
the ship foremen to the gang leaders and from them to the men.
In no case, however, is there the slightest indication given as to
the amount of cargo to be handled or the number of men to be engaged.
The longshoremen never know whether they will be employed at a
given pier and when they are hired they do not know how long their
work will last. Three times a day, and in some ports even oftener,
the workers must congregate at the entrance to the pier where the
hiring foreman selects the men wanted for the job. This gathering
of longshoremen seeking work at the pier is known as the “ shape.”
The following description of a “ shape” is taken from page 313,
Volume III, of Henry Mayhew’s book, “ London Labor and the London
Poor,” published in 1861:
He who wishes to behold one of the most extraordinary and least-known scenes
of this metropolis, should wend his way to the London Dock gates at half-past
7 in the morning. There he will see congregated within the principal entrance
masses of men of all grades, looks, and kinds. * * *
Presently you know, by the stream pouring through the gates and the rush
toward particular spots, that the “ calling foremen” have made their appearance.
Then begins the scuffling and scrambling forth of countless hands high in the
air, to catch the eye of him whose voice may give them work. As the foreman
calls from a book the names, some men jump up on the backs of the others, so
as to lift themselves high above the rest, and attract the notice of him who hires
them. All are shouting. Some cry aloud his surname, some his Christian name,
others call out their own names, to remind him that they are there. Now the
appeal is made in Irish blarney—now in broken English. Indeed, it is a sight
to sadden the most callous, to see thousands of men struggling for only one day’s
hire; the scuffle being made the fiercer by the knowledge that hundreds out of
the number there assembled must be left to idle the day out in want. To look
in the faces of that hungry crowd is to see a sight that must be ever remembered.
Some are smiling to the foreman to coax him into remembrance of them; others,
with their protruding eyes, eager to snatch at the hoped-for pass. For weeks many
have gone there, and gone through the same struggle—the same cries; and have
gone away, after all, without the work they had screamed for.
The “ shape” found any day in New York at any large pier on
the North River, in Hoboken, or in Brooklyn, is not much different
from the London shape of nearly 70 years ago. Some of the Irish
are still there, so are the Poles whom the author speaks of in a passage
not quoted above, but in addition there are Germans and Scandina
vians, dark Italians and blonde Italians, and a representative body of
colored men which grows in number as we move from New York to
Philadelphia and Baltimore, and finally becomes the predominant
element south of the Hampton Roads ports. It is true that the
“ scuffling and the scrambling” are not so violent now as when Mayhew described them in London in 1861, and the shouting has almost
completely disappeared. But the eyes of all men in the “ shape” are
fastened upon every move of the hiring foreman who either calls out
the men by their names or walks slowly along the “ shape” pointing
with his finger at a man here in the first row, at another man in the sec
ond row, and perhaps still a third man in the last row, A few seconds
later he picks a whole group of five or more men who are standing
72
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN TJ. S.
together and sends them to the gate where they give their names to
the clerk and receive the brass number which entitles them to the
work on the pier; then again he proceeds slowly along the “ shape”
and picks an occasional man here and another man there until his
quota is complete. When the picking is finished, the men who were
unfortunate enough to be left behind, sullenly and sadly move away
from the pier only to return several hours later in the hope of being
more successful in the next “ shape.” (See fig. 37.)
It is obvious that the hiring foreman occupies a position of the
greatest importance on the water front. It is largely left to him to
decide who shall be employed and who shall be left behind. He is
seldom hampered in his choice, especially in regard to the more
casual men. ^ He can take them or reject thentL He can call them
to-day and ignore them to-morrow. It would indeed be strange if
such concentration of autocratic power in the hands of a single person
controlling the jobs of so many men did not result in some cases in
the abuse of this power. This may be as mild as the acceptance of
an occasional drink or a cigar, or it may go so far as to amount to
a systematic sharing by the foreman in the earnings of the long
shoreman as payment for the job. Such cases are hard to trace.
Although the unions of longshoremen and the shipping industry
discourage such practices, they persist in several ports.
Every pier of any importance in the port thus becomes a center for
the hiring of longshoremen. #Some piers, particularly those of the
regular passenger and freight lines with a more or less definite schedule
of ships arriving and departing, have a larger following of longshore
men than the other piers which have only a ship now and then. It
therefore not infrequently happens that certain piers have an over
supply of longshoremen looking for work, while other piers find them
selves short of labor. While the longshoremen are wandering from
pier to pier in search of work with no means of knowing at what pier
men are needed, the employers who are short of men are equally at
sea as to where efficient men can be had. Both employers and long
shoremen suffer from this failure to make connections, but^ there is
no machinery available to correct this paradoxical condition of a
large oversupply and a shortage of labor existing at the same time.
The “ shapes” are usually formed at all piers at the same hour and
when the selection at any one pier has been completed it is too late
for those who are left to look for work at another pier.
The casual character of tha longshore industry is thus rendered
more acute by the practice of making each pier an employment center
with its own problem^of supply and demand of labor. Each employer
aims to have at his pier as large a number of longshoremen as he may
need to satisfy the demand on the peak days of shipping; also, to
enable the foremen to select better men. The foremen, therefore,
look with disfavor upon and may actually refuse work to longshore
men known to participate in the “ shape ” of another pier, even though
only occasionally. Each company thus creates an individual reserve
of men, and these reserves when combined constitute a total very much
in excess of the actual number of workers needed even on the busiest
days of the port.
Irregularity of hours of work is one result of the casualness of the
longshore industry and the irregularity of employment. There is no
such thing as “ regular hours ” in the longshore industry. Even where
FOREIGN AND INTERCOASTAL TRADE
73
the workers “ shape” regularly only once or twice a day, the hour of
“ shaping” has no direct bearing on the actual hours of work. Ships
arrive and leave the port at all hours of the day and night, and the
work of longshoremen also begins and ends at all hours of the day
and night; Because of the difficulty of getting a job and the uncer
tainty of its duration, the individual longshoreman remains at work
as long as his endurance lasts, or the foreman permits him to remain.
Stretches of 20 to 30 hours of uninterrupted work, except for the
short meal periods, are not unknown even at the present time in the
ports of New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. Even longer
stretches of work may be found in New Orleans, Galveston, and
Houston in the peak of the cotton season.
Days or weeks of enforced idleness, followed by periods of equally
enforced hard labor, are reflected in the weekly earnings of the long
shoremen. Even those who are most favored by the foremen and
who can be regarded as permanent employees in the sense that they
work at one pier only and are given the preference whenever work is
available—even they show extreme variations in their earnings from
week to week, and some weeks they may have no earnings at all.
As to the others, who constitute by far the larger body of longshore
men, those working a day at one pier, half a day at another pier,
half a night at still a third pier, and perhaps another day or night at
the first or second pier, their earningjs are so irregular that it is alto
gether impossible to measure them with any degree of approximation.
And when pay day comes they must go from pier to pier and stand in
line at each in order to collect the small amounts of money they earned.
Briefly, the characteristics of a port which has not been decasualized,
are:
(1) A large, highly immobile body of workers scattered over the
entire water front and ignorant of the actual time and place where
work is to be had.
(2) A large number of individual employers each aiming to create
as large a reservoir of labor as he may need to satisfy his maximum
demands, thus increasing the total supply of workers to a number far
in excess of the demands of the entire port.
(3) Complete dependence of the job of the longshoreman on the
good will of the foreman and on chance.
(4) Conditions of hiring longshore labor which, because of the
autocratic power concentrated in the hands of the foreman, pave the
way for unfair practices.
(5) Periods of enforced idleness, alternating with long stretches of
hard labor.
Conditions under Decasualization
The object of a port decasualization scheme is to do away with some
of the more glaring evils presented above. It is quite obvious that
very little can be done as regards demand for longshore labor. Small
changes could be effected; as, for instance, the concentrated sailings
on certain days of the week or the month could be spread out more
evenly over the week and the month. But even the most scientific
organization of a port will not altogether eliminate the daily and
seasonal fluctuations in shipping. Whatever is done, ships will con
tinue to arrive, in greater numbers at one time than at another, and
there always will be busy periods and slack periods.
(36490°—32----- 6
74
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN TJ. S.
Recognizing this as a fact, most of the ports with schemes of decasualization concentrate on the manipulation of the longshore labor
supply in the attempt to bring about an adjustment of this supply to
the changing demands of the shipping industry. Only the major
requirements of such a plan of decasualization are presented here.
These requirements are characteristic of all decasualized ports and
without them no plan can be effective.
First, there must be complete registration of all longshoremen in
the port, these to constitute the total supply of labor which is to be
reduced or enlarged in accordance with the demands of the port.
Only those on the register should be permitted to work on the water
front. Second, all employers on the water front must give up their
right to hire longshore labor individually at their piers or elsewhere,
and must secure their labor from the central office where the registry
of the longshoremen is kept. Without these two important points,
namely, the workers’ giving up the right to seek work individually
along the water front and the employers’ giving up their right to
hire labor individually, no scheme^ of decasualization can succeed.
In fact what decasualization really implies is a coordinated organiza
tion of each port as a single employing unit under a single administra
tion with power to direct the supply of labor and to swing it from
point to point as needed.
The practical application of a scheme of decasualization, methods of
organization, composition of central agencies, systems of distributing
and dispatching the workers to the various piers, etc., may vary in
accordance with the conditions and the needs of the individual ports.
London has one scheme; Liverpool another; and Hamburg still
another. In this country the system used in Seattle is different from
that used in Portland, which in turn is different from the one used in
Los Angeles.
In all cases, however, decasualization does or should accomplish
the following:
(1) It guarantees to all the employers an equal chance to obtain
workers as needed.
(2) It guarantees to all the longshoremen an equal chance of getting
a job when work is available.
(3) It tends to eliminate the power of the hiring foreman and the
abuses and favoritism that go with it.
(4) It gradually reduces the total number of longshoremen in port
to that approximating the actual needs of the port and thus raises the
average earnings of the men left on the register.
Longshore Labor Conditions in Major Ports of United States
This contrast between labor conditions in a decasualized port and
a port which has not been decasualized will serve to clarify the long
shore labor conditions as they now exist in some of our major ports.
The port of New York is discussed first partly because it is the largest
port, but mainly because the many-sided conditions in New York
will help to throw light on the conditions existing in the other ports.
New York
The total number of longshoremen in the port of New York is
unknown, but various estimates suggest that 50,000 is a close approxi
mation to the total. Of these, slightly more than half are engaged in
FOREIGN AND INTERCOASTAL TRADE
75
handling foreign and intercoastal cargoes and are known as “ regular
longshoremen,” in contrast with the other men, engaged in coastwise
trade, in the banana trade, or in loading and discharging lighters and
scows. Only the regular longshoremen are organized as members of
the International Longshoremen’s Association, which has a general
agreement with the employers regulating rates of wages, hours, etc.
This agreement, however, has no reference whatever to the problem
of supply and demand of longshore labor or to the methods of hiring
practiced in the port. It provides only that union men be given
preference in employment, and specifies the exact hours for “ shaping.”
Three times a day, at 7.55 a. m., 12.55 p. m., and 6.55 p. m., the long
shoremen are required to “ shape” at the entrance to each pier,
irrespective of whether they have been working on that pier the day
before or even that very day, and the hiring foreman selects the men
needed at the pier for the next few hours of work. The method of
selection is similar to that described for the port which has not been
decasualized. Some foremen hire their men by the gang; others
form their gangs when a ship first arrives and keep them intact until
the work of loading or discharging has been completed. The larger
shipping companies, which do their own stevedore work, and some of
the contracting stevedore companies have a considerable following of
more or less permanent men who are given preference over the other
men. These constitute the skeleton organization of the company.
When more work is available the permanent gangs are broken up and
used as nuclei for a larger number of gangs. When work drops off
the newer men are discharged and the original gangs are formed again.
The powers of the hiring foreman in selecting or rejecting the men
at will are still unabridged, but due to the cooperation between the
union and the employers some of the most flagrant abuses of this
power have been eliminated to a certain extent. Much abuse still
persists, however, particularly in the so-called “ fly-by-night” steve
dore companies and in the subcontracting agencies which are small
and are often formed to load or discharge an individual ship. But
the number of such companies in port is very large.
The union has no strict rules for the regulation of the membership
in the numerous locals existing in the port and the rules it has have
no relationship to the problem of the supply and demand for labor,
although New York is conspicuous for its fluctuations in the employ
ment of longshore labor.
In the special survey of the port conducted in 1920 for the National
Adjustment Board by B. M. Squires, these fluctuations in demand for
longshore labor, gauged by the quantity of cargo tons entering the
port in 1919, indicated a range from 65,700 cargo tons for the week
ending March 28, to 221,596 cargo tons for the week ending August 22,
or in the ratio of 1 to 3.4; and a range from 104,200 cargo tons leav
ing the port during the week ending March 28, to 471,200 cargo tons
for the week ending May 2, or a ratio of 1 to 4.5. On this basis the
National Adjustment Board concluded that it seemed safe to assume
that the number of men required is at least three times as great at
the peak as at the lowest point of demand.
The fluctuations in demand from day to day are shown to be even
more violent than the weekly fluctuations, but nothing has been done
either by the union or b j the employers to remedy the situation.
On the contrary, the practice of dividing the port into smaller sections,
76
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN U. S.
such as the Chelsea piers, Hoboken, Staten Island, Brooklyn, Newark,
etc., without the right of moving labor from section to section; the
“ shape” at each pier and the “ shaping” at all piers at the same
hour—all of these conditions render the situation even more acute
than is warranted by the fluctuations in the total demand for long
shore labor.
All attempts by various agencies to determine the average
earnings of longshoremen in New York so far have proved unsuccess
ful. Upon the passage of the longshoremen’s compensation act in
1927, the union and the employers agreed on an average weekly rate
of $30 as a basis for computing accident compensation under the
law, but this is merely an estimate. Short of personal accounts kept
by the individual longshoremen, there is no way of arriving at their
average earnings, and this condition will continue as long as the
present system of hiring persists in the port of New York.
It is of interest and value, however, to ascertain the limits within
which these earnings can be expected to move, and this is made
possible by the existence in the port of New York of several big ship
ping and stevedore companies with large followings of longshoremen
of whom a considerable proportion are on a more or less permanent
basis. These companies may be regarded as miniature cross sections
of the port and to that extent indicative of conditions. Table
30 presents the total weekly pay rolls of three such companies for
four months in the year 1928—January and April, which may be
considered as average months, and the months of July and October,
which are the slackest and the busiest months, respectively. These
pay rolls are distributed in $5 groups, ranging from^ earnings of less
than $10 per week to $50 and over. Company A is the largest of
the three companies and perhaps the largest in the port. The total
number of men hired by this company during any one week ranges
from a low of 542 men hired during the week ending January 25 to
a high of 1,018 for the week ending October 17. Company B showed
a variation from 189 to 493, and Company C from 350 to 509.
T a b le
30 .— Distribution of longshore labor on basis of weekly earnings in three
large companies in New York in specified weeks of 1928
January
Wage group
April
Week ending
July
Week ending
October
Week ending
Week ending-
Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. July July July July Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct*
18 25
4
11
11
18 25
4
11
18 25
3
10 17 24
COMPANY A
97
60
Under $10______ 135
$10 and under $15. 70
83
38
Total
205
121
$15 and under $20.
$20 and under $25.
$25 and under $30.
57
56
55
64
39
106
57
90
59
168 209
206
Total
86 162 134 150
135
157 221
65
60
65
80
80
242 214
50
Total.......... 344
403
214
131
88
63
82
168
71
145
257
232
239
79
126
42
41
45
89
56
49
66
45
57
32
62
74
295 307
194
156
113
131
128
194
168
168
79 1 63
35 i 80
32 57
23 30
29
15
47
62
53
28
83
23
55
53
32
95
52
76
36
33
27
54
67
107
94
204
85
123
90
79
151
70
129
148
183
56
106
108
61
142
473
127
54
91
37
32
19
38
8
43
28
44
59
294
148
76
20 61
9
59
3 74
102 194 150
33
46
34
190 211
57
42
207
37
53
48
55
60
95
140
98
42
31
39
4
189
60
62
63
69
99
89
106
85
76
113
60
69
125
118
200 161 302 243 249 244
70
72
69
$30 and under $35. 95
$35 and under $40. 101
$40 and under $45. 76
$45 and under $50. 23
$50 and over____
49
82 222
79 80
12
102
88
418
296
210 198 } 245 273 258 224 526 528 618
Grand totaL 717 733 577 542 871
—---- ---- ----
804
705
666 ! 741
..1
672
620
599
799
979 1018
880
77
FOREIGN AND INTERCOASTAL TRADE
T a b l e 30 .— Distribution of longshore labor on basis of weekly earnings in three
large companies in New York in specified weeks of 1928 — Continued
Wage group
January
April
July
October
Week ending—
Week ending—
Week ending—
Week ending—
Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. July July July July Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
18 25
3
4
11
18 25
4
11
10 17 24
18
4
11
25
COMPANY B
24
20
99
27
86
58
31
58
53
63
163
44
126
144
89
116
125
73
1 151
22 22
17
4
19
21
57
40
65
63
13
26
39
19
40
19
36
80
34
47
15
12
4
5
26
40
51
123
3
187
57
137
96
162
102
98
57
214
9
106
29
36
24
24
18
45
7
5
5
17
23
14
90
37
48
7
5
18
3
5
49
Under $10............
$10and under $15.
35
80
41
7
71
33
27
136
Total.........
115
48
104
$15 and under $20. 113
$20 and under $25. 46
$25 and under $30. 30
5
50
Total.........
189
28
223
40
$30 and under $35.
$35 and under $40.
$40 and under $45.
$45 and under $50.
$50 and over........
9
3
36
9
31
23
26
16
21
12
25
12 113
Total
Grand totaL 316
189
10
12
87
414
24
4
4
2
55
258
12
3
1
21
13
52
53
20
28
79
122 168 187
303
390
493
85 35
40 . 38
22
30
58
106
2
2
163
28
137
81
59
33
69
31
212 191
218
92
100
37
13
18
2
15
3
66
247
68
20
105
12
1
6
49
13
9
4
19
53
129
45
24
26
39
57
91
121
8
6
2
2
32
7
99
149
253
62
85
19
72
214
191
290
363
435
349
306
457
358
326
396
Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. July July July July Oct. Oct. Oct. Oct.
11
12 19 26
4
18 25
12 19 26
5
5
5
12 19 26
COMPANY
c
Under $10............
$10 and under $15.
29
35
50
28
40
16
112
26
90
42
19
93
46
32
31
26
41
29
47
16
51
27
45
17
34
11
49
24
43
25
41
15
Total.........
78
64
56
138
132
112
78
57
70
63
78
62
45
73
68
56
$15 and under $20.
$20 and under $25.
$25 and under $30.
34
22
44
29
39
40
36
65
33
35
95
33
41
48
51
22
46
28
37
29
31
17
42
16
27
38
14
26
29
19
23
31
23
14
38
23
14
13
11
12
16
42
50
57
28
32
23
Total.........
93
112 141
163
122 119
94
90
81
69
73
75
50
39
149
83
$30 and under $35.
$35 and under $40.
$40 and under $45.
$45 and under $50.
$50 and over........
57
53
64
30
26
102
88
54
58
59
25
24
64
99
24
7
93
46
63
42
39
19
58
64
54
36
15
38
51
62
70
34
54
54
44
61
12
21
26
28
55
87
51
76
18
15
18
26
37
60
67
50
i6
2
38
9
3
1
79
35
4
2
47
55
54
26
7
68
19
10
20
22
42
44
207
120
6
10
Total.......... 230
195
153
208
189
220 194 210 209 227 243 247 326 316 161
Grand totaL 401
371
350
509
443
451
366
357
360
359
394
384
421
428
378
21
232
312
451
Examination of the table shows that no matter how busy or how
slack the work of a particular week may be, there are always some
men in each of the 10 groups indicated. There are always some men
earning less than $10 per week, at least as far as the company in
question is concerned, and some earning a little more, others still
more, and finally some earning as high as $50 per week and over.
This distribution, which is very different from a normal distribu
tion of earnings in a stabilized industry, suggested a regrouping of
the men into three categories—those with earnings of less than $15
per week, who may be classified as casual workers moving from
pier to pier to pick up a day’s work here and another day’s work
elsewhere; those with earnings of from $15 to $30 per week, who
78
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN TJ. S.
may be classified as semipermanent in the sense that they prefer to
work at one pier, but would change to another pier when the oppor
tunity of getting work there presented itself; and finally those with
earnings of $30 per week and over who remain more or less perma
nently with one company. The men in the last group are usually
given the preference by the foremen and they also know that if there
is no work for them during the first part of the week they will prob
ably get day and night work during the balance of the week. These
men rarely change to another pier.
The three subgroupings given in the table show that, no matter
how large a single company may be or how anxious to give all its
work to the so-called permanent men, there will always be a need
for a very large number of casual workers and a considerable pro
portion of semipermanent men. This condition is inherent in the
longshore industry, and no single shipping or stevedore company
can cope with the difficulties in the way of adjusting the supply to
the demand for longshore labor. Instead, the policies of such com
panies merely result in dividing the workers into groups, some of
which can show very high earnings of $50 or more per week, while
the others will earn $10 per week or less. The men in the low-eamings group are, of course, privileged to look for work elsewhere but
how successful they are in their search is the problem which makes
it so hard to determine the earnings of the longshoremen.
But the earnings of even the so-called permanent men are far
from being stabilized. Table 31 represents the actual earnings, by
months, of eight gangs more or less permanently employed by a
single shipping company, designated as Company D. Each gang
is supposed to consist of at least 18 men, and the data therefore
cover 144 men more or less permanently employed.
T a b l e 31 .— Monthly earnings in 1928 of eight gangs 1 more or less permanently
employed by a large shipping company (Company D) in New York
Monthly earnings per man in—
Month
January____________
February___________
March_____________
April.................... ......
M ay_______________
June_______________
July........ ...................
August_____________
September_________
October____________
November.................
December_________ _
Gang
No. 1
Gang
No. 2
$119.47
139.10
199.22
130.72
216.67
135.00
155.44
196.75
198.38
165.60
214.52
144.37
$146.53
163.12
186.75
129.73
226.84
149.45
166.85
214.35
195.20
Total................ 2,015.24
Average per month. _
167.94
k Gang
No. 3
Gang
No. 4
Gang
No. 5
Gang
No. 6
Gang
No. 7
Gang
No. 8
245.98
139.30
$104.77
113.58
181.73
122.23
200.09
118.73
148.00
177.07
182.75
192.45
222.48
131.38
$106.23
139.05
204.83
131.80
244.83
130.03
134.27
212.47
180.82
188.60
212.30
146.82
$141.10
152.93
201.25
143.30
251.74
145.85
144.67
165.34
185.43
199.00
225.85
146.90
$135.08
123.41
197.48
127.27
228.32
131.65
145.30
187.06
165.50
185.03
214.95
117.80
$102.82
143.60
178.77
128.13
204.20
137.40
134.30
143.47
170.92
165.42
156.36
98.88
$116.58
134.83
185.80
142.98
193.20
127.95
130.29
183.99
175.68
150.85
213.20
127.87
2,175.32
1,895.26
2,032.05
2,103.36
1,958.85
1,764.27
1,883.22
• 181.28
157.94
169.34
175.28
163.24
147.02
156.94
211.22
118 men in a gang.
The earnings of gangs Nos. 1 and 8 are given in Table 32 and are
plotted on the charts on pages 80 and 81. The curves on the left show
the variations in the weekly earnings for each week of the year 1928,
79
FOREIGN* AND INTERCOASTAL TRADE
and the columns on the right represent the monthly earnings for the
same period. Nothing can better illustrate the instability and the
fluctuations in the longshore industry, as far as any one company is
concerned, than the ups and downs on these two curves. Even to the
so-called permanent workers these ups and downs mean long stretches
of hard labor, day and night, followed in turn by long periods of idle
ness. Some weeks are very lean, others very fat; a slack month or
two are followed by months of unceasing industry.
Table 32.— Weekly earnings in 1928 by gangs Nos. 1 and 8 , employed by Company
D, New York
Earnings per
man in—
Earnings per
man in—
Week ending—
119.47
116.58
46.30
9................... 45.85
16................. 36.75
23................. 10.20
39.90
41.45
36.28
17.20
Total
139.10
134.83
Mar. 1
Mar. 8..................
Mar. 15................
Mar. 22................
Mar. 29................
42.40
52.60
42.15
28.50
33. 57
40.45
23.00
66.40
Total.......... 199.22
185.80
Apr. 5................... 9.77
Apr.12 ................. 37.40
Apr. 19_________ 44.00
Apr. 26................. 39.55
7.20
39.15
59.95
36.68
Total_____ 130. 72
142.98
Total
2
Gang Gang
No. 1 No. 8
Gang
No. 8
Jan. 5______ ____ $18.27 $11.50
Jan. 12................. 48.70 49.75
Jan. 19.................. 45.70 31.60
23.73
Jan. 26.................. 6.80
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Week ending—
Week ending—
Gang
No. 1
22.10
33.85
Earnings per
man in—
3..................
10.................
17.................
24................
31
$38.40
44.77
31.90
35.35
66.25
$34.40
43.50
33.65
23.10
58.55
rPntn1
216. 67
193.20
June 7................... 72.35
June 14................. 6.80
June 21................. 26.00
Tiitka 28
29.85
56.70
9.77
31.20
30.28
T o ta l_____ 135.00
127.95
5...................
12.................
19.............. ...
26.................
Total..........
30.77
48.77
45.90
30.00
155.44
22.95
53.37
23.95
30.02
130.29
Aug. 2..................
Aug. 9_.................
Aug. 16............... .
Aug. 23k...............
Aug. 30.................
Total..........
40.90
32.60
33. 00
49. 25
41.00
196.75
36.17
34.65
25.10
May
M ay
May
May
M ay
July
July
July
July
52.60
35.47
183.99
Gang Gang
No. 1 No. 8
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
6_ ...............
1 3 ..............
20. ..............
27................
$43.73 $35.98
62.75
54.15
32.40 27.90
59. 50 57.65
Total
198.38
175.68
Oct. 4
Oct. 11.................
Oct. 18..................
Oct. 25..................
44.85
62.05
29.20
29.50
43.25
57.42
18.50
31.68
Total
165. 60
150.85
40.27
47.62
44.53
31.10
51.00
37.40
39.10
49.20
29.85
57.65
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
1
8..................
15____ ____
22................
29................
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
6................... 45. 57
Total_____ 214.52 213.20
13....... ......... 42.90
28.90
27................. 32.00
28.65
42.90
22.60
33.72
Total.......... 144.37
127.87
20_________
Briefly, the longshore labor situation in New York may be sum
marized as follows: On the one hand, a considerable percentage of
longshoremen making high wages, and a smaller proportion with
very high earnings; on the other hand, a large number of casual
workers, with indeterminate but undoubtedly low earnings, and a
very low standard of living; and finally, a very large body of long
shoremen with earnings between these two extremes.
The longshore labor conditions in the other Atlantic ports differ
from those of New York primarily because of the great difference
in the size of these ports as compared with New York. In New
York the Chelsea pier section alone supplies work to more long
shoremen than any other port on the Atlantic or any other port
in the country. Undoubtedly, as far as size is concerned, New
York stands in a class by itself, and this difference must be con
sidered in any comparison made with this port.
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE
LABOR
CONDITIONS
IN TJ.
8
3Q
FOREIGN
AND
INTERCOASTAL
TRADE
00
82
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN TJ. S.
Boston
In Boston all the longshoremen engaged in foreign and intercoastal
trade belong to the three locals of the International Longshoremen’s
Association, with a total registered membership of 1,761. Of these
only 1,300 are classified as active members more or less permanently
engaged in longshore work. A high initiation fee and other strict
rules operate as a limitation on the membership, which is largely
Irish or Irish-American of the second generation. The agreement
between the union and the employers has more reference to the
problem of supply and demand of longshore labor than the New
York agreement. The men are required to “ shape” at the piers
only when the ship first arrives in port. Once selected and the
gangs formed, the longshoremen remain with the ship until the
work of discharging and loading has been completed. The “ shap
ing” and the process of selecting the men are not much different
from the practices in New York% There is no rotation scheme of
any kind for the purpose of equalizing the earnings of the men and,
as in New York, there is no way to measure their actual earnings.
Also, because of the comparatively small quantity of cargo handled
in the port by the individual companies, the pay roll of any one
company may not be representative of earnings in the port.
T able 33.— Average weekly earnings of longshoremen in Boston, 1928
AverWeek ending—
Total pay
rolls
8.........
15........
22........
20........
$34,648.71
45,226.04
48,847. 74
26,144. 30
$26.65
34.79
37.58
Total.
154,! 16. 79
Feb. 4.........
F e b .11.......
Feb. 18____
Feb. 25.......
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Jan.
Week ending—
earnings
Total pay
rolls
Aver
age
earn
ings
July 7.........
July 14.......
July 21.......
July 28____
$34,266.49
39,937.41
38,287.83
35,996.11
$26.36
30.72
29.45
27.69
119.13
Total.
148,487.84
114.22
32,180.40
38,952.97
43,976.18
26,713.08
24.75
29.96
33.83
20. 55
Aug. 4........
Aug. 11___
Aug. 18.......
Aug. 25____
31,577.90
41,890.00
41,744.68
38,159.65
24.29
32.22
32.11
29.35
20.11
Total.
141,822.63
109.09
Total.
153,372.23
117.97
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
3........
10......
17......
24___
31......
40,161.43
44.715.00
35.971.00
37.936.00
26,593.15
30.89
34.40
27.67
29.18
20.46
Sept. 1........
Sept. 8........
Sept. 15......
Sept. 22......
Sept. 29......
44,393. 20
30,134.37
39,697.80
35,875.45
35,602.27
34.15
23.18
30.54
27.60
27.39
Total.
185,376. 58
142.60
Total.
185,703.09
142.86
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
7........
14.......
21____
28___
28,766.46
33.940.73
33,959.67
36.398.73
22.13
26.11
26.12
28.00
6.........
20........
27.......
41,351.64
30,154.89
34,837.23
37,713.92
31.81
23.20
26.80
29.01
Total.
133,065. 59
102.36
Total.
144,057.68
110.82
May 5........
May 12___
M ay 19___
M ay 26.......
Total.
39,432. 35
47,583.09
26,794.38
44,064. 00
157,873.82
30.33
36.60
20.61
33.90
121.44
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
3____
10___
17___
24......
Total.
•25,208.45
36,554. 02
37,847.56
29,801.10
129,411.13
19.39
28.12
29.11
22.92
99.54
June 2. .......
June 9........
June 16.......
June 23.......
June 30___
Total.
51,019.33
50,075. 72
30,966.17
38,311.12
33,858.04
204,230.38
39.25
38.52
23.82
29.47
26.04
157.10
Dec. 1 ........
Dec. 8........
Dec. 15.......
Dec. 22.......
Dec. 29___
Total.
31, 504.84
43,399.07
41,372.11
31,245.18
35,763.81
183,285. 01
24.23
33.38
31.82
24.03
27.51
140.97
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
13____
FOREIGN AND INTERCOASTAL TRADE
83
It was possible, however, to combine the total weekly pay rolls of
all the employers of longshore union labor, which are shown in Table
33, and which indicate approximately the variations in the demand for
labor in the port. These were divided by the number of active long
shoremen in the three locals, the quotient thus representing the aver
age weekly earnings of the men in Boston. The earnings vary from
$19.39 for the week ending November 3 to $39.25 for the week ending
June 2, 1928, with the larger number of weeks averaging from $25 to
$35. These averages are somewhat higher than the actual averages
because they do not include the 461 union longshoremen who, while
absent from the water front for more than six months, nevertheless
do work now and then as longshoremen, particularly in the busy
periods, and to that extent lower the average earnings in the port.
On the whole it would seem that the figure of $27 per week on which
the union and the employers agreed as a basis for accident compensa
tion would come very close to the average. ^ But the average throws
no light on the actual earnings^ of the individual men. Here as in
New York some men earn considerably more than the average and
some considerably less. The differences may not be as extreme as
in the case of New York, but they exist nevertheless.
Philadelphia
There are from 4,000 to 5,000 longshoremen in the port of Phila
delphia, of whom about 2,500 are organized in one local of the Inter
national Longshoremen’s Association. The membership is fairly
evenly divided between colored and white,^ the white workers being
predominantly Polish or of other Slavic nationalities.
The agreement with the employers provides that the longshore
men shall “ shape” three times a day at all piers, but customarily the
majority of men “ shape” in one section of the water front, near
Washington Street. The foremen pick their men there, load them
into trucks, ^and dispatch them to their respective piers. This
custom provides a somewhat unified system for the port, which has
its piers and docks scattered for miles along both sides of the Dela
ware River.
Some stevedore companies have a permanent following of men,
organized into permanent gangs, but the majority of the foremen pick
their men and form them into gangs at each “ shape.” There is no
system of dividing the work among the men, and because of the fact
that many #longshoremen do work for several employers during any
one week, it is impossible to determine the average earnings of the
port.
Table 34 gives the distribution, according to weekly earnings, of
longshoremen employed by two companies in the port. For Com
pany E data were available only for October, November, and Decem
ber, 1929. This particular company is known to have a permanent
following of longshoremen organized into permanent gangs, but in
spite of this more than 30 per cent of the men earn less than $15
per week. Of the 8,575 pay envelopes issued by the company during
the 13 weeks shown in the table, 3,308 contained less than $15, and
5,635, or nearly two-thirds of the total, contained amounts under $30
per week. A similar distribution of the pay rolls of Company F, for
the same period, shows that slightly less than half of the total pay
84
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN U. S.
envelopes contained amounts less than $15 per week and more than
three-fourths of the total amounts less than $30 per week. Undoubt
edly, some of the men employed by these two companies worked also
for other companies during the same period, but there is at present
no way of telling either their number, or their additional earnings.
T a b le
34.— Distribution, according to earnings, of longshoremen employed by two
companies (E and F) in Philadelphiay 1929
Number of men earning—
Total
Week ending—
Under $15
$15 and
under $30
$30 and
over
207
199
134
197
143
159
274
197
259
228
303
615
593
614
610
817
156
135
134
310
296
150
599
689
859
529
284
806
597
COMPANY E
Oct. 3______ _
Oct. 10................................................................................
Oct. 17................................................................................
Oct. 24................................................................................
Oct. 31............................................................... ................
223
302
212
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
7................................................................................
14..............................................................................
21............ ......... ............... ................. ......... ...........
28.......................................... ...................................
309
244
353
197
210
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
5____________ ________ ___ _____ _______ ________
12. ..............................................................................
19__________ ___ ______________________________
26
_ „
_ _
292
235
275
260
230
160
176
233
215
666
3,308
2,327
2,940
8,575
Ont. 4
Oct. 11................................................................................
Oct. 18................................................................................
Oct. 25................................................................................
270
118
138
176
165
70
86
84
101
521
260
285
361
Nov. 1................................................................................
Nov. 8___________ - __________________________ _____
Nov. 15_____ ______________ _______________________
Nov. 22___________________________________________
Nov. 29..............................................................................
180
153
no
122
200
106
78
93
139
115
198
172
225
202
117
125
132
54
92
85
171
407
382
528
256
2,362
1,344
1,074
4,780
Total___
212
182
j!
202
88
581
COMPANY F
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
6_____________________________________________
13...............................................................................
20_______________________ _____ _______________
27__
___
__
_ _
Total
208
66
72
81
6
80
121
69
396
237
295
460
392
Table 35 gives the average weekly earnings of the longshoremen
employed by Company G during a whole year, from July 6,1927, to
June 27, 1928. Very few of these men ever work for another com
pany, and the averages shown in this table come very close to repre
senting the actual weekly earnings of the men. These averages are
shown to vary from $19.09 per man, during the week ending on Sep
tember 14, 1927, to $39.38 auring the week ending on May 16, 1928,
earnings in the greater number of weeks falling within the $25 to
130 range.
85
FOREION AND INTERCOASTAL TRADE
T a b l e 3 5 .—
Average weekly earnings of longshoremen employed by Company G,
in Philadelphia, July 6, 1927, to June 27, 1928
Aver
age
Num
earn
ber
Week ending—
of ings per
men man per
week
1927
July 6
July 13.
July 20.
July 27.
190
181
182
250
$31.81
25.31
27.14
27.54
111. 80
Total...
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
3—
10..
17..
24..
31..
259
317
221
153
191
129.39
Total—
Sept. 7—
Sept. 14.
Sept. 21.
Sept. 28-
30.00
27.63
24.93
23.59
23.24
184
142
169
184
22.67
19.09
24.87
26.98
180
191
155
178
27.37
35.42
33.46
26.61
Total-.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
5_.
12.
19.
26.
93.61
Total...
Nov. 2.
Nov. 8..
122.86
233
254
Week ending-
1927
Nov. 16......
Nov. 23----Nov. 30___
Aver
Num
age
ber
earn
of ings per
man per
135
204
216
131.45
T ota l152
Dee. 7—
Dec. 14Dec. 21Dec. 28-
210
157
147
Jan. 4Jan. 11.
Jan. 18Jan. 25.
131
166
117
179
27.94
25.95
24.18
32.80
110.87
Total—
Feb. 1...
Feb. 8„ ,
Feb. 15.
Feb. 22.
Feb. 29-
31.50
23.30
32.84
26.75
114.39
Total—.
1928
$30.90
31.86
18.07
171
161
159
162
158
Total..
20.71
30.97
31.57
31.23
35.05
149.53
Week ending—
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
1928
7........
14___
21......
28......
Aver
Num- age
ber
earn
of ings per
men man per
week
164
122
211
147
Total—.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
3—.
111825-
133.92
147
160
136
142
Total..
May 2__
May 9__
May 16May 23May 30-
Total..
27.88
37.91
29.80
27.15
122.74
140
162
186
150
182
Total—
June 6—
June 13June 20-.
June 27..
$34.32
26.77
. 37.82
35.01
25.49
36.65
39.38
30.01
31.52
163.05
162
129
152
174
27.95
28.84
31.13
28.58
116.50
22.78
27.84
Baltimore
Longshore labor conditions in Baltimore are very similar to those
existing in Boston. As in Boston all foreign and intercoastal cargoes
are handled entirely by union labor—members of the International
Longshoremen’s Association. In Baltimore, however, the long
shoremen are made up of approximately 60 per cent colored and 40
per cent white, the white^ workers being largely of Slavic origin.
As in Boston a high initiation fee and strict rules operate to keep a
more or less definite limit on the total supply of labor in port. All
men are organized in gangs, the foremen of which are approved by the
employers and the unions. The hiring, therefore, is also done in gangs.
The men are required to “ shape ” twice a day from 8 to 10 in the morn
ing for the day shift, and from 3 to 5 in the afternoon for the night
shift. With the exception of a small number of men “ shaping”
on the Canton piers, all longshoremen “ shape” around the union
headquarters at the entrance to the B. & O. pier. Very little actual
“ picking” of men takes place there, however, as the gang leaders are
usually notified in advance where and when to bring their men.
There are about 100 gangs altogether, the majority of which are
assigned to individual companies. It is the aim of each of these
companies to keep all their work for their own gangs, but as in the
case of New York, this aim falls very short of its mark due to the
fluctuations in the number of ships in port. There is no system of
rotating the gangs working for any one employer or of changing them
from one employer to another for the purpose of equalizing the earnings
86
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN TJ. S.
of the men. The result is that certain gangs, particularly those
which are known to specialize in the handling of certain commodities
like tin plate, steel rails, lumber, etc., are known to make considerably
higher wages than the other gangs. No check is kept on the gangs or
on the individual men as they go from one employer to another and,
therefore, there is no way of telling their actual earnings.
As in the case of Boston, however, it was possible to combine the
weekly earnings of the port for a whole year, and this total figure
when divided by the total number of active longshoremen in the
port gives an approximation of the average weekly earnings of the
men in Baltimore. There were, in 1927, altogether 2,159 members
in the two cargo and one grain locals in the port, and of these only
1,948 men were classified as active members engaged exclusively in
longshore work. The weekly averages of these men for the year 1927,
shown in Table 36, ranged from $14.43 for the week ending October 21
to $33.44 for the week ending March 4, with the larger number of
weeks averaging from $20 to $30. These averages are somewhat
lower than they might have been if it had been possible to eliminate
those men in the union who are away from the water front more than
six months in the year, as was done in the case of Boston.
T a b le
36.— Average weekly earnings of longshoremen in Baltimore, 1927
Total pay
rolls
Aver
age
earn
ings
per
man
Jan. 7______
Jan. 14_____
Jan. 21_____
Jan. 28_____
$38,475.39
47,300.18
54, G70.22
47,879.04
$19.75
24.28
28.06
24.58
Week ending—
Total..
188,324.83
>6.67
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
4..........
11 ........
18........
25....... .
62,585.14
45,066. 20
39,829. 73
54,190.70
32.13
23.13
20.45
27.82
Total..
201,671.77
103. 53
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
4.........
11____
18____
25____
65,150.65
47,205.30
47,119.10
50,012.34
33.44
24.23
24.19
25.67
Total..
209,487.39
107.53
Apr. 1......... .
Apr. 8......... .
Apr. 15....... .
Apr. 22....... .
Apr. 29....... .
58,327.71
60,194.66
41,036.80
47,946.35
61,979.83
29.94
30.90
21.07
24.61
26.68
Total..
259,485.35
133.20
May 6.........
May 13.......
May 20.......
May 27....... .
64,494. 53
47,311.33
52,677.32
48,782.44
33.11
24.29
27.04
25.04
Total..
213,265. 62
109.48
June 3..........
June 10....... .
June 17....... .
June 24....... .
42,512. 50
53,125.15
37,094.13
54,880.95
21.82
27.27
19.04
28.17
Total.
187,612.73
96.30
Week ending-
July 1 . .
July 8. .
July 15.
July 22.
July 29.
Total..
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
5—
12. .
19..
26..
Total..
Total pay
rolls
Aver
age
earn
ings
per
man
$41,057.63
31,857.02
47,519.38
45,762.29
56,244.82
$21.08
16.35
24.39
23.49
28.87
222,441.14
114.18
49,067.11
45,451.74
46,357.72
49,644. 59
25.19
23.33
23.80
25.48
190,521.16
97.80
Sept. 2______
Sept. 9______
Sept. 16_____
Sept. 23_____
Sept. 30_____
Total..
45,811.61
43,164.59
36,708.20
44,714.22
46,361. 50
216,760.12
23.52
22.16
18.84
22.95
23.80
111. 27
Oct. 7—
Oct. 14.
Oct. 21.
Oct. 28Total..
43,401.16
41,576.09
28,104.20
56,576. 50
169,657.95
22.28
21.34
14.43
29.04
87.09
Nov. 4 . .
Nov. 11 .
Nov. 18.
Nov. 25.
T ota l-
50,696.22
43,048.00
51,208.02
48,872. 67
193,824.91
26.02
Dec. 2...
Dec. 9...
Dec. 16Dec. 23..
Dec. 30Total..
57,059.31
53,351.22
42,379. 75
60,261.27
61,957.14
275,008.69
29.29
27.39
21. 76
30.93
31.81
141.18
22.10
26.29
25.09
99.50
87
FOREIGN AND INTERCOASTAL TRADE
In addition to the above averages, Table 37 presents the actual
monthly earnings of 10 of the 20 more or less permanent gangs
employed by one of the largest stevedore companies in the port.
Here is a condition not much different from the picture presented
for the port of New York, namely, weeks and months of low earnings
alternated by periods of very high wages, with the weekly earnings
ranging all the way from less than $10 to $50 and over. Whether
or not the slack periods for any one company were supplemented by
work with another company is a question which can not be answered
in Baltimore any more than in New York or in Boston, although the
comparatively low averages for the whole port would indicate a
negative answer.
T a b le
37.— Monthly earnings of 10 gangs 1 of longshoremen employed by a large
stevedore company in Baltimore, 1927
Monthly earnings per man in—
Month
Gang
No. 1
Gang
No. 2
Gang
No. 3
Gang
No. 4
Gang
No. 5
$106.20
156. 60
200.40
168. 20
157.45
211.60
129.20
191.60
138.80
117.80
184.75
141.35
$153.80
132.80
175.20
153.00
141.40
154.60
119.40
144.20
103.65
91.65
139.30
136.80
$143.20
148.20
134. 00
100.60
157.00
153.40
103.00
130.00
80.20
104.40
133.75
156.80
$129.20
130.00
141.20
70.60
77.15
136.00
66.80
85.80
75.40
86.05
190.00
145.35
$141.95
72.00
130.00
115.80
160.00
169.80
116.40
138.90
117.60
89.85
155.75
131.85
Total______________________________________ 1,903.95
1,645.80
1,544.55
1,333.55
1,539.90
158.66
137.15
128.71
111. 12
128.33
January_________________________________________
February..................... ................................................
March__________________________________________
April________________ __ ___________ _
May_________________ __________________________
June____________________ _ ____________________
July____________________________________________
August_________________________________________
September______________________________________
October____________________ _____________________
November______________________________________
December_______________________________________
Average per month_________________________
Gang
No. 6
Gang
No. 7
Gang
No. 8
Gang
No. 9
$133.00
144.60
134.20
165.80
153.30
201. 70
120.60
189.60
137.00
97.45
118.30
134.85
$152.40
167.80
158.20
153. 20
189.80
177.20
130.20
128.00
134.00
121.25
166.00
141.80
$119.20
153. 00
180.10
70.80
95.60
177.40
121.40
126.60
104.05
151.10
131.65
$131.05
170.20
178.40
107. 00
164.15
219.20
115.55
128.20
133. 20
122.85
166.30
135. 75
$94.00
117.20
157.60
132.00
163.80
178.10
111. 60
140.80
104.80
102.65
156.10
Total______________________________________ 1,730.40
1,819.85
1,551.90
1,771.85
1,560.65
151.65
128.50
147.65
130.05
January.___ _______ ___________ - ________________
February__ . . . ____ _____ ,__ ____ ____ . . . _________
March________________ _________________________
April______________________ ____ ________________
May________________ ______ _______ . . . ________
June________________ ___ ____ . . . ______ __________
July................................................................................
August____ _________»___ ______ _____ ___________
September___________ ______ ____________________
October_________________________________________
November___________ ___________________________
December___ - _______ . . . . _______________________
Average per month............. ........
.. ^ _____
144.20
121.00
Gang
No. 10
102.10
118 men in a gang.
New Orleans
The longshore labor situation in New Orleans is very much con
fused by the existence in the port of large bodies of union and non
union labor with different rates of wages. The union longshoremen
do all the work for the United States Shipping Board, while all other
companies use nonunion labor. It frequently happens, therefore,
that a stevedore company operating on a pier uses one kind of labor for
one ship and a different kind of labor for another ship. There is there
88
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN U. S.
fore no limit to the supply of longshore labor in port. While no fig
ures of actual earnings are available, it is generally admitted by all the
union men, white and colored alike, and by many employers, that the
average earnings of the longshoremen are very low.
The docks cover a long stretch along the Mississippi River and the
workers are required to “ shape” at each pier where they are taken on
for work by the hiring foremen. In New Orleans there are more
rumors current of the abuse of the hiring power by the foremen than
at any other port in the United States. It is stated that the workers
are often compelled to borrow money from the foremen at exorbitant
rates of interest. In other cases the colored men are merely paid a
certain amount for the week, and the balance goes to the foreman,
who is permitted to draw the pay on the brass checks turned over to
him by the workers. These checks are often sold to saloon keepers
and money lenders on the water front at very large discounts.
While it is absolutely impossible to get the average earnings of the
longshoremen for the port as a whole, the three tables of earnings
given below may be used as indicative of the average earnings of the
union longshoremen in New Orleans. Table 38 represents the total
distribution of the longshoremen working for a single company employ
ing union labor only. The total at the bottom of the table represents
the total number of pay envelopes issued by that company during the
year 1926. Out of 10,573 such pay envelopes, 3,890 contained
amounts of less than $15 per week, 3,505 from $15 to $25 per week,
and only 3,178 pay envelopes contained $25 or more. Thus, more
than two-thirds of all the pay envelopes issued by that company in
1926 contained amounts of less than $25 per week.
T a b le
38,— Distribution, on basis of weekly earnings, of union longshoremen
employed by a large stevedore company in N e w Orleans, 1926
Numb Br of men eai•ning—
Week ending—
$15 and
Under $15 under
$25
$25 and
over
49
31
47
57
201
22
67
48
82
135
152
193
224
237
79
17
36
87
212
89
27
201
225
41
293
58
262
152
55
52
37
29
97
61
65
Feb. 6.................................................................................
Feb. 13...............................................................................
Feb. 20.......................................................... ....................
Feb. 27...............................................................................
68
17 '
90
54
Mar. 6................................................................................
Mar. 13.................................................- ......... - ........... Mar. 20___________________________________________
Mar. 27............................................... - .............................
97
19
94
85
Apr. 10____________________________________________
Apr. 17........................- ........................ - ...........................
Apr. 24................................................................................
27
47
97
57
96
31
69
64
44
67
42
98
30
69
72
59
118
110
2
110
106
24
38
46
18
71
115
23
15
7
76
May 1.................................................................................
May 8.................................... - ----------------------------------May 22__............................................. - ................ ...........
May 29................................ ................... .........................
June 5_____________________________________________
June 12_ . ..........................................................................
June 19......................................... ...... .............................
55
88
80
Total
2
11
65
13
144
149
88
123
94
178
152
211
100
258
124
110
160
145
89
FOREIGN AND INTERCOASTAL TRADE
38*— Distribution, on basis of weekly earnings, of union longshoremen
employed by a large stevedore company in N e w Orleans, 1926— Continued
T a b le
Number of men earning—
Week ending-$15 and
Under $15 under
$25
July 3.................................................................................
July 10.............................................................................. . !
July 17....................... — ................................................. . j
July 24................................................................................
34
42
42
66
109
71
38
103
7.............. ............ ........................ .........................
14........................ ....................................................
21.................................................... .........................
28-........................... - ........... ...................................
40
166
85
77
27
62
38
Sept. 4.................................................. — ..................... .
Sept. 11.......... ....................................... ............... ...........
Sept. 18....... ......... .................................. ..........................
Sept. 25............................................................. ................
87
31
59
133
2.................................................................................
9_...........— ..................................................... .........
16................. ............................- .............................
23..................................... ............................... ...........
30................................................. ........... ..................
75
116
44
124
190
124
65
6.................... ......................................... ............... ;
13............................................................................. !
20_______________________________________ ___ 1
27................................................................. .............|
Dec. 4 _________ ____ ____ _________________________
Dec. 11.............................................................................. !!
Dec. 18---- --------- --------- --------- --------------------------------Dec. 25____________________________________________
Dec. 31................................. ...................... ................. .
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
T o ta l--...................................................................
Total
$25 and
over
41
105
73
71
184
218
153
240
88
11
36
106
229
235
126
41
82
31
92
58
24
126
63
186
137
216
288
105
8
81
104
31
86
70
261
228
199
190
346
46
242
87
155
175
40
123
56
212
27
99
53
433
309
309
264
60
27
123
156
101
98
37
81
179
67
243
81
57
57
128
401
145
261
392
296
3,890
3,505
3,178
10,573
66
1
Table 39 shows the actual monthly earnings of five union white
longshoremen and seven colored men who have been selected as a
sample because they were known to have worked permanently for
one company during the entire year 1926. The average for the white
men varies from $55.84 to $128.11 per month and the average for
the colored men varies from $60.74 to $112.30 per month. Table 40
represents the distribution of the average weekly earnings of some
70 colored union men taken from the records of the union, which
assesses its membership in proportion to their earnings. As the table
shows, the earnings of the majority of the men fell within the two
groups from $15 to $25, with the average around $20. per week.
The three tables seem to prove the contention that the average
earnings of the union men in the port of New Orleans are considerably
lower than in any other large port in the United States.
6 6 4 9 0 °-3 2 ------7
90
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN TJ. S.
T a b le
39.— Monthly earnings of individual union longshoremen who worked
'permanently for one company in N e w Orleans, 1926
White longshoremen
Month
No. 2
No. 1
No. 4
No. 3
No. 5
January.................
February...............
March....................
April......................
May.......................
June..............-........
July-......................
August..................
September.............
October..................
November.............
December..............
$131.17
138.87
76.48
111. 70
130.40
78.40
146.03
83.35
111. 60
131.32
135. 91
148.49
$175.07
172.37
81.28
116.45
124.80
78.40
146.03
83.75
109.60
131.72
167.66
150.22
$120.37
179.72
59.68
114.40
127.85
78.40
154.43
63.75
109.60
126.52
87.51
146.62
$104.07
123.85
17.20
84.30
53.19
47."49
28,40
73.67
43.59
51.15
43.22
$105.03
133.80
80.55
95.60
124.00
81.26
154.64
101.90
106.80
128.53
74.56
120.89
Total............
1,423.72
1,537.35
1,368.85
670.13
1,307.56
Average for month.
118.64
128.11
114.07
55.84
108.96
Colored longshoremen
Month
No. 1
January.............. .
February________ _
March.......... ..........
April...................
May....................
June-------- ----------July_____________
August..................
September.......... .
October__________
November.........—
December..............
Total.........—
Average per month
T a b le
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5
$104.63 $100.63 $57.04 $71.00 $109.67
115.95
112.45 111.08 125.16
135. 61
78.75
78.75 106.46
72.40
83.94
95.55
48.80
95. 55 66.36
56.15
108.30
125. 90 26.40
70.20
111. 25
79.26
95.76
33.40
14.40
66.20
152. 24
121.84 115. 08 82.01
127.96
74.70
102.30 24.30
41.15
71.75
112.00 102. 22
107.60
38.70
107. 20
132. 73
100.02
104. 55
112.26
31.80
119.66
129. 41 70.15
92.00
113. 48
123. 48
108. 75 133.44 22.25
163.12
1,292.85 1,283. 36
107.74
106.95
931. 48
728.87
77.62
60.74
No. 6
No. 7
$93. 21
143. 75
90.09
60.80
131.40
53.85
$157.52
100.80
64.00
106.50
131.20
65.60
140.08
90.85
109.60
126. 52
109.51
145. 42
67.55
112. 26
103.98
163.12
1,020.01
104.88
85.00
1,347. 6
112. 30
40.— Distribution, on basis of weekly earnings, of colored union longshore
workers in N e w Orleans, 1926
Number having classified weekly earnings
Weekly wage group
Decem
August Septem
October Novem
ber
ber
ber
(average, (average,
(average, (average,
(average,
5 weeks) 2 weeks) 4 weeks) 4 weeks) 4 weeks)
Under $10_______________________________________
$10 and under $15________________________________
$15 and under $20_______________ ______ __________
$20 and under $25............................ .............................
$25 and over_____________________________________
7
31
29
8
g
1
11
22
1
13
14
53
4
19
43
Total....................................................................
70
65
69
70
2
2
6
5
5
11
35
13
69
Houston and Galveston
In the two Texas ports, Houston and Galveston, nearly all foreign
and intercoastal cargoes are handled by members of the union locals,
the work being divided more or less equally between the white and
colored longshoremen. The total ^membership of each local is kept
within certain limits, and a rotation system is used by the locals,
91
FOREIGN A.ND INTERCOASTAL TRADE
which helps to distribute the wrork and the earnings of the men as
equitably as possible considering the abnormal seasonal and other
fluctuations in the demand for longshore labor. The worst of these
fluctuations are due to the guaranteed sailings on the 1st and 15th
of each month. There is probably no other single cause which creates
more hardships to the dock operators, stevedore companies, and long
shoremen alike than this practice of guaranteed semimonthly sailings.
A union representative of Houston describes the situation thus:
With 10 days of idleness during the first part of the month, followed by 5 days
of rush which taxes the ingenuity of the business agent under obligation to supply
the men when wanted,, we have a condition which we shall never be in a position
to overcome. It is entirely unreasonable to expect two to three hundred men to
remain idle day after day with the expectation of working perhaps two or three
days in the middle of the month and then as many days at the end of the month.
During the first and the third weeks of the month only a very small percentage
of the men are working, and for almost half of the second and the fourth weeks
there is work for only one-half of our membership. During the remaining parts
of the second and the fourth weeks, however, most of the men work day and
night, and still there are often ships for which we can not supply enough labor.
Although the men are crowded to the very limit of their endurance, much of the
work must be turned over to nonunion casuals, with resulting inefficiency to the
companies and reductions in the total earnings of the regular longshoremen.
Table 41 represents the individual monthly earnings of four gangs
(of 10 men each) of white longshoremen in the port of Houston for
the whole year of 1927. ^Table 42 represents the earnings of 10 colored
gangs (of 10 men each) in Galveston, given by semimonthly periods
from September 17, 1927, to April 15, 1928, inclusive; this period
covers almost the entire cotton season. Because of the rotation
system used by the local unions the earning;s of these gangs are fairly
representative of the earnings of the other men in the two ports.
In Houston the earnings vary from $38.69 for the month of July
to $179.46 in January, with an average of about $100 per month.
The earnings for the 2-week period in Galveston vary from $16.50
to $119.16, thus reflecting the fluctuations in the demand for long
shore labor. For the entire period, however, the average earnings
of the Galveston men show a variation from $32.16 to $33.74 per
man per week, thus clearly indicating the effects of the earnings
equalization scheme used by the union.
Table 41.— Monthly earnings of four gangs1 of white longshoremen in Houston,
Tex., 1927
Monthly earnings per man in—
XVIOiltu
Gang No. 1 Gang No. 2 Gang No. 3 Gang No. 4
January___________________________________________
February__________________________________________
March____________________________________________
April____ _________________________________________
M ay______________________________________________
June______________________________________________
July....................................................................................
August____________________________________________
September________________________________________
October___________________________________________
November_________________________________________
December_________________________________________
$147.15
121.91
136.70
74.16
105.04
39.68
53.45
79.93
118.80
142.34
Total........................................................................
Average per month_________________________________
*10 men per gang.
55.50
$179.46
98.21
146.67
109.46
62.88
60.69
55.69
82.19
121.36
139.30
132.88
83.03
$47.22
130.18
119.90
96.04
60.21
62.23
53.34
91.51
98.19
145.15
138.50
69.86
$145.46
143.02
120.95
70.71
93.15
60.82
38.69
107.22
127.74
136.28
106.65
109.10
1,195.86
1,271.82
1,112.33
1,259.79
99.66
105.99
92.69
104.98
121.20
92
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN TT. S.
T a b le
42.— Semimonthly earnings of 10 gangs1 of colored longshoremen in Galves
ton, Tex., September 17, 1927, to April 15, 1928
Semimonthly earnings per man in—
2-week period
Gang Gang Gang Gang Gang Gang Gang Gang Gang Gang
No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 No. 8 No. 9 No. 10
Sept. 17 to Oct. 2, 1927_______ $60.29 $64.77 $59.09 $62.57 $50.78 $79.40 $51.39 $72.48
Oct. 3 to Oct. 15, 1927.............. 78.32 90.38 64.08 80.96 91.60 53.61 92.12 72.88
Oct. 16 to Nov. 1, 1927............. 95.07 116.37 102.24 94.15 94.42 119.16 69.62 85.64
Nov. 2 to Nov. 14, 1927.......... . 57.50 17.20 50.00 50.86 38.74 41.20 55.38 57. 56
Nov. 15 to Dec. 2, 1927............ 66.35 61.28 69.69 63.41 78.26 85.00 83.93 80.64
Dec. 3 to Dec. 17,1927..... ........ 45.03 43.40 44.63 48.50 25.75 22.34 39.73 16.50
Dec. 18,1927, to Jan. 1,1928— . 66.87 60.79 41.46 44.05 51.60 55.90 63.60 60.63
Jan. 2 to Jan. 16, 1928________ 48.87 53.42 91.62 53.89 52.33 76.85 72.87 73.94
Jan. 17 to Feb. 1,1928............. 59.55 57.43 25.52 53.94 55.84 22.77 45.91 44.67
Feb. 2 to Feb. 14, 1928............. 63.97 72.06 54.85 76.17 78.71 74.64 52.70 64.88
Feb. 15 to Feb. 29, 1928........ . 96.26 66.08 96.26 69.98 70.28 86.92 108.22 78.77
Mar. 1 to Mar. 16, 1928......... . 62.48 93.52 66.08 84.18 95.16 110.99 54.74 101.12
Mar. 17 to Apr. 1, 1928_______ 80.26 55.97 68.18 67.94 52.17 34.98 84.85 38.86
Apr. 2 to Apr. 15, 1928_______ 63.92 77.22 66.79 62.46 73.06 62.91 49.14 72.94
$73.72 $70.36
74.80
77.97
64.91
68.07
76.02
73.71
76.10
59.20
32.70
58.46
47.66
61.30
114.93
56.86
22.85
59.41
76.17
46.89
70.33
63.37
119.10 105.71
42.05
53.96
61.76
63.10
Total (28 weeks)_______ 94474 929.89 900.49 913.06 908.70 926.67 924.20 921.51 927.84
943.63
33.14
33.70
\verage per week___________
1 10 men per gang.
33.74
33.21
32.16
32.61
32.45
33.10
33.01
32.91
Seattle
Seattle has the distinction of being the first port in the United
States to introduce a system of decasualization for its water front,
which became effective in 1921. The men are listed at the central
employment office called the “ dispatching hall” and are classified
into longshoremen proper (those working either on the deck or in the
hold of the ship) and truckers working on the pier. The longshoremen
proper are organized into gangs of 10 men each and are subdivided
into three groups: (1) Company gangs definitely assigned to one
shipping or stevedore company; (2) hall or reserve gangs to be dis
patched from the central employment office as needed; and (3) casual
men to be called upon only when all other longshoremen are already
occupied. The truckers are also divided into registered truckers,
regularly dispatched from the hall, and casual workers, to be used
only when additional need for truckers arises.
The principle of dividing the work for the purpose of equalizing the
earnings of the men is applied to the company and hall gangs and to
the registered truckers. Thus, no company gang is supposed to earn
more than a certain maximum per week if the earnings of the hall
gangs are falling below a certain minimum. The “ casuals,” however,
are definitely told that they will get work only in case of demand for
additional labor. They are free to work anywhere outside the water
front, but the registered men are required either to be present in the
dispatching hall, as is the case with all truckers, or to be ready for
work on very short notice. In November, 1926, the membership of the
dispatching hall in Seattle was as follows:
Number
Longshoremen proper:
of men
Registered longshoremen (33 gangs)______ ______________ 338
Extra registered men----------------------------------------------------- 260
Casual workers_________________________________________ 93
Total__________________ ________ _____________________"691
Truckers:
Registered truckers_____________________________________ 189
Casual truckers________________________________________
75
Total._______ ______ __________________ ______ _______ ” 264
Total membership------------ -------- --------------------------------- 955
93
FOREIGN AND INTERCOASTAL TRADE
The dispatching hall keeps a complete daily record of all the men
dispatched for work, as well as a record of the individual earnings of
the men which is used for the earnings equalization plan. It also has
a central pay station, which enables the' men to receive in one sum
their earnings from all the companies for which they worked during
the week. A strict rotation system applies to all the registered men
except the company gangs and keeps their earnings on a more or less
equal basis from month to month. Table 43 shows the actual monthly
earnings of all the hall or reserve gangs for the year 1925. While
these vary from $88, made by Gang No. 17 during January, to $244
made by Gang No. 11 during April, the average monthly earnings of
all the gangs for the whole year, however,, vary only from $153.33 to
$162.10. These variations are comparatively small, and disappear
altogether, as the scheme of earnings equalization is carried on not
only from month to month but from year to year.
Table 43.— Monthly earnings of hall or reserve gangs1 in Seattle, 1925
Monthly earnings per man fn—
Month
January___
February...
March____
April..........
M ay...........
June............
July............
August.......
September..
October___
November..
December..
Gang
No. 1
Gang
No. 2
$149.00
157.00
176.00
219.00
118.00
115.00
138.00
127.00
180.00
167.00
167.00
171.00
$115.00
186.00
141.00
209.00
168.00
118.00
144.00
132.00
169.00
180.00
175.00
152.00
Gang
No. 3
Gang
No. 4
Gang
No. 5
Gang
No. 6
Gang
No. 7
Gang
No. 8
$111.00 $122.00 $115.00 $184.00 $120.00 $135.00
Gang
No. 9
142.00
177.00
212.00
131.00
109.00
150.00
131.00
178.00
173.00
164.00
166.00
$143.00
124.00
168.00
209.00
134.00
138.00
162.00
119.00
163.00
161.00
185.00
134.00
Total............ . 1,884.00 1,889.00 1,840.00 1,857.00 1,933.00 1,874.00 1,856.00 1 868.00
1,840.00
Average per month.
157.00
157.42
164.00
169.00
189.00
149.00
126.00
158.00
127.00
167.00
162.00
188.00
130.00
153.33
159.00
177.00
169.00
160.00
154.00
115.00
153.00
168.00
184.00
161.00
135.00
154.75
152.00
249.00
177.00
147.00
142.00
122.00
155.00
170.00
194.00
163.00
147.00
161.08
124.00
189.00
185.00
130.00
113.00
167.00
134.00
162.00
181.00
159.00
146.00
156.17
156.00
193.00
183.00
159.00
116.00
160.00
132.00
166.00
163.00
142.00
166.00
,
154.67
155.67
153.33
Monthly earnings per man in Month
Gang
No. 13
Gang
No. 14
Gang
No. 15
Gang
No. 16
Gang
No. 17
Gang
No. 18
$151.00
January___________ $120.00 $138.00
133.00
151.00
February_________
159.00
March____________ 154.00
157.00 ~$i66."00’ 208.00
April_____________
222.00 244.00 214.00 179.00
148.00
May______________ 151.00
141.00
147.00
111.00 120.00
June______________ 168.00
107.00
117.00
130.00
159.00
132.00
July______________
159.00
126.00
129.00
148.00
August___________
164.00
166.00
199.00
172.00
September________
195.00
171.00
198.00
October___________ 160.00
144.00
147.00
166.00
November________
156.00
159.00
179.00
178.00
December_________ 181.00
$147.00
$135.00
147.00
178.00
197.00
132.00
$133.00
152.00
151.00
213.00
117.00
140.00
143.00
154.00
157.00
181.00
141.00
195.00
$88.00
145.00
177.00
196.00
151.00
144.00
129.00
130.00
184.00
168.00
156.00
182.00
$142.00
157.00
173.00
190.00
132.00
138.00
153.00
Total_______ 1,921.00 1,905.00 21,621.00 1,877.00 1,908.00 1,854.00 1,877.00 1,850.00
1,883.00
Average per month.
Gang
No. 10
160.08
Gang
No. 11
Gang
No. 12
158.75 2162.10
110 men in a gang.
156.42
120.00
222.00
192.00
141.00
134.00
170.00
126.00
171.00
159.00
174.00
152.00
159.00
120.00
130.00
132.00
158.00
184.00
179.00
162.00
154.50
156.42
154.17
112.00
189.00
186.00
154.00
157.00
156.92
210 months only.
The earnings of the company gangs are somewhat higher than those
of the hall or reserve gangs, as these men have the right at any time
to be transferred back to the list of the reserve gangs. The earnings
94
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN U. S.
of the truckers, on the other hand, are considerably lower, because
their rate of pay is 10 cents per hour lower than those of the regular
longshoremen. The earnings of the registered truckers for 1925
varied from $107 for the month of June to $137 for the month of
April. The casual longshoremen earned for the year 1926 an average
of $1,087.85, or a monthly average of $90.67, while the casual truckers
earned a monthly average of only $60.17. But even these lowest
figures, for the casual men, are considerably higher than the average
of the port before decasualization was put into effect.
Tacoma
In Tacoma all the longshoremen are organized into two union
locals affiliated with the International Longshoremen’s Association.
The larger local composed of freight handlers has a membership of
about* 600, while the other composed of lumber handlers has about
200. The original distinction between the two locals—the nature of
the cargo handled by the members—has been abolished, and members
of either local now handle both lumber and general cargo. About
50 per cent of the membership of the two locals are of Scandinavian
origin.
There is no written agreement between the organization of em
ployers and the two union locals, but an understanding exists, by
virtue of which the employers agree to choose their longshore labor
from the ranks of the organized workers exclusively. The freight
handlers’ local has a large commodious dispatching hall, and the
hiring of the men takes place in this hall. Each morning and after
noon the foremen of the stevedore companies come to the hall, pick
their men, and order them out to the docks, where they are formed
into gangs before going to work. The stevedore foremen are not
hampered in their choice of the individual men, and some men in
variably get more work than others. Although the two locals restrict
their membership to a definite number of men, the port of Tacoma
can not be classified among the decasualized ports. ^
The rates of wages and conditions of work are similar to those in
Seattle. The employers have a central pay station where the long
shoremen are paid off once a week for all work done during the week.
The work, however, is not divided equally among the men, and their
earning's, varying from $1,000 and less to $2,400 and over per year,
bear witness to the existing inequalities. Table 44 shows the distri
bution of the total yearly earnings of 222 longshoremen selected
from among the more steady workers. The average yearly earnings
for these men were $1,613 in 1927, $1,616 in 1928, and $1,766 in
1929. The other men not included in this table earned considerably
less than these averages.
95
FOREIGN AND INTERCOASTAL TRADE
T a b l e 44.—
Classified yearly earnings of longshoremen in Tacoma , 1927, 1928,
and 1929
Number having classified yearly
earnings
Wage group
1927
1928
Under $1,000............................ ........................ ........... ............ ............
$1,000 and under $1,200_________________________________________
$1,200 and under $1,400________________ ____ ____________________
$1,400 and under $1,600_________________________________________
$1,600 and under $1,800___________ ______________________ _____
$1,800 and under $2,000____ ______________ _______ ____________
$2,000 and under $2,200!___________ _______________ ___ _______
$2,200 and under $2,400- ______ __________________________ _____
$2,400 and over____ _____ _______ ________ ________ _____________
37
34
30
38
26
Total___________ _______________________ ___ ___ _________
Average for year_______________________________________________
19
21
1929
19
23
37
33
31
34
12
12
28
31
22
13
12
46
29
23
19
222
222
222
$1,613
$1,616
$1,766
10
7
20
Portland
Portland, Oreg., inaugurated its scheme of decasualization in 1923.
In Portland there is no segregation between longshoremen proper and
truckers, all the men being classified as longshoremen, at equal rates of
pay^ also, there are no individual company gangs. The labor force
consists of 300 so-called “ permanent” men, divided into 25 gangs
of 12 men each. These are considered the backbone of the organiza
tion and are given the preference on all work. Then there are about
400 so-called “ extra board” men from whom extra gangs are formed
when needed. These men are also used to supplement the permanent
gangs when additional truckers are needed, as well as to replace the
absentees in the gangs. Finally, there are about 400 casual workers
also registered at the hall, but these are dispatched only when all the
regular men are already working.
The dispatching hall uses a rotation system for the purpose of
equalizing the earnings of all the permanent gangs. Every month
the earnings of the individual gangs are checked and the gang with
the lowest earnings is placed first on the list, followed by the next
to the lowest, etc. These earnings, however, do not include the
additional amounts^ earned by the men when working outside of the
gang or when working in any of the Columbia River ports which are
outside of the jurisdiction of the dispatching hall.
Table 45 shows the average monthly earnings of the 25 permanent
gangs for the 5-year period, 1924 to 1928. In 1928 the average low
rate was $127.05 and the average high rate was $146.95. The
“ extra board” men, for whom no figures are kept, earned less than
these gangs and the casual workers, of course, still less.
90
T a b le
CHAP. 3,
LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN TJ. S.
45.— Average monthly earnings of 25 permanent gangs in Portland, Oreg.,
1924 to 1928
Average monthly earnings per man
Gang
1925
1924
Gang No. I ...
Gang No. 2.. .
Gang No. 3__.
Gang No. 4__.
Gang No. 5_.
Gang No. 6__
Gang No. 7__.
Gang No. 8__
Gang N o .9 _ .
Gang No. 10_.
Gang No. 11_.
Gang No. 12Gang No. 13_.
Gang No. 14-.
Gang No. 15Gang No. 16Gang No. 17_
Gang No. 18Gang No. 19Gang No. 20Gang No. 21 _
Gang No. 22Gang No. 23Gang No. 24Gang No. 25-
$149.08
145. 63
144. 28
142.90
145.23
149. 20
143. 09
152.96
148.47
143.02
142.73
144.75
152.16
149.83
143.38
155. 57
148.89
143.64
145.93
146.92
149.64
145.15
141.33
148.93
155. 73
2Average for 4 years.
$135. 29
135.88
132. 45
142.13
144.91
142. 69
136.77
143. 47
132.14
133. 63
119. 87
134. 24
143.08
139. 06
138.72
145.84
141.16
135.47
139. 66
136.03
140.17
145. 09
127.13
142. 70
141. 42
1926
$139. 47
136.17
138.89
156.81
149.39
141. 46
156.50
144.13
148.82
132.28
0)
142.28
139.53
137.12
135.79
149.88
143.82
0)
144.20
139.18
143.49
150.18
135.31
138. 51
148. 76
8Average for 3 years.
1927
$126.89
121. 78
121.76
128.65
132. 27
130.16
110. 84
126. 63
126. 00
113.93
(l)
124.20
128.90
(l)
124.43
131.72
120.17
(l)
126.33
128.04
124.05
127.92
127.83
118. 56
133.17
1928
$135.80
127. 05
127.98
146. 95
138. 91
133.33
135.85
143.65
143.29
0)
140.00
132.20
139. 24
141. 00
134.88
132. 27
140.27
(l)
139.84
140.80
142.44
137.18
135.19
129.78
142.74
1924-1928
$137.31
133.30
133.07
143.49
142.14
139.37
136.61
142.17
139.74
2130.72
3 134. 20
135. 53
140. 58
2 141. 75
135. 44
143.06
138.86
* 139. 56
139.19
138.19
139.96
141.10.
133.36
135.70
144.36
‘ Average for 2 years.
The dispatching hall operates a central pay office, all the men,
irrespective of their place of work, being paid off there. In addi
tion, it also operates a loan fund from which money is advanced to
the individual men on their brass checks and from which aid is given
to sick and injured workers.
In neither Seattle nor Portland, however, do the schemes of
decasualization cover all the longshore workers in the ports. # Both
plans were organized against the opposition of the local unions of
the International Longshoremen’s Association, and in both ports
there still remain a considerable number of men who refuse to accept
the plan. These remain on the water front accepting work here and
there, particularly from such organizations as the United States
Shipping Board or the port authorities, which because of their official
position have adopted an attitude of neutrality as between the
dispatching hall and the union locals.
San Francisco
San Francisco is the only large port on the Pacific coast which
has not been decasualized. The employers' organization has an
agreement with the Longshoremen’s Association of San Francisco by
which members of the association are given preference for work in
port. Of a total of approximately 5,000 men registered with this
organization, about 3,000 pay regular dues and are active on the
beach. #Some of these men are permanently employed by individual
companies; others, of course, are compelled to look for work along
the entire waterfront. The longshoremen “ shape” oncea day at
the foot of Market Street, where the hiring foremen “ pick” their
men and order them to report at the respective piers or dispatch
97
FOREIGN AND INTERCOASTAL TRADE
them in trucks to the more distant piers. Here, as in other ports
which have not been decasualized, it is impossible to establish even
approximately the average weekly earnings of the men in the port
as a whole.
The trend of the earnings of the permanent men, however, may be
determined from Table 46, representing 10 of the 15 permanent
gangs of 18 men each employed by Company H and 8 permanent
gangs employed by Company I.
T a b le
46.— Monthly earnings of 10 permanent gangs1 of longshoremen employed
by two companies in San Francisco, 1926
Company H
Monthly earnings per man in—
Month
Gang
No. 1
Gang
No. 2
January.................... $163.00 $174.00
February.................. 164.00 171.00
March...................... 207.00 232.00
April......................... 165.00 187.00
May.......................... 139.00 127.00
June.......................... 226.00 238.00
July.......................... 197.00 163.00
August...................... 230.00 227.00
September................ 174.00 149.00
October.................... 186.00 178.00
November................ 281.00 255.00
December................. 176.00 165.00
Gang
No. 3
Gang
No. 4
Gang
No. 5
$35.00 $149.00
136.00 183.00
247.00 221.00
158.00 180.00
159.00 137.00
188.00 238.00
150.00 198.00
200.00 218.00
141.00 171.00
175.00 208.00
243.00 281.00
168.00 173.00
Gang
No. 6
Gang
No. 7
Gang
No. 9
Gang
No. 8
$184.00 $121.00 $158.00 $110.00
230.00 207.00 156.00 123.00
255.00 216.00 199.00 239.00
166.00 166.00 143.00 150.00
166.00 152.00 119.00 172.00
209.00 231.00 200.00 147.00
166.00 194.00 105.00 150.00
251.00 127.00 138.00 242.00
155.00 183.00 102.00 122.00
209.00 196.00 74.00
80.00
253.00 291.00 233.00
5.00
182.00 183.00 93.00
Gang
No. 10
$76.00 $96.00
138.00
207.00 ""i3i.‘ 5o
163.00 103.00
150.00
36.00
161.00 135.00
76.00 151.00
233.00 185.00
129.00 107.00
199.00 106.00
210.00 266.00
177.00 115.00
Total.............. 2,308.00 2,266.00 2, 000.00 2,357.00 2,426.00 2,267.00 1,720.00 1,540.00 1,919.OOjl, 431.00
Average per month—
192.33
188.83
166.67
196.42
202.17
188.92
143.33
128.33
159.92
119.25
Company I
Monthly earnings per man in—
Month
Gang
No. 2
Gang
No. 3
Gang
No. 4
Gang
No. 5
Gang
No. 6
Gang
No. 7
Gang
No. 8
January____________ $168.54
February___________
164.14
March_____________
188.76
April...........................
140.41
M ay_______________
195.98
128.08
June_______________
July____ __________
139.51
August_____________ • 200.94
172.13
September_________
215.67
October____________
November__________
170.90
190.37
December__________
$182. 71
164.26
172.60
160.11
183.83
134.33
139.73
195.07
167.19
234.80
166.39
197.34
$196.44
164.27
190.14
149.87
182.39
158.87
112. 74
217.81
149.68
215.34
182.72
209.26
$159.99
173.36
180.46
155.48
185.19
138.84
131.19
194.86
159.09
211.52
200.49
186.09
$185.79
158.24
187.47
160.31
195.10
137.73
116.34
219.63
160.11
201.95
171.45
206.80
$167.64
150.53
186.99
154.37
204.76
134.25
129. 36
207.15
151. 66
217.91
183.30
187.89
$158.43
174.65
172.13
171.01
193.97
151.69
111. 84
219.40
157.51
208.01
176.52
206.35
$183.17
146.49
176.41
155.49
207.24
150.08
Total_________ 2,075.43
2,098.36
2,129.53
2,076.56 |2,100.92
2,075.81
2,101.51
2,096.03
172.95
174.86
177.46
172.98
175.13
174.67
Average per month...
Gang
No. 1
173.05
175.08
122.88
217.60
155.49
211.19
176.97
193.02
118 men per gang.
The monthly averages of the 10 gangs of Company H show a range
from $119.25 for Gang No. 10 to $202.17 for Gang No. 5. Company I
uses a regular rotation scheme for its employees, and every week and
98
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN TJ. S.
every month the list of the gangs is so rearranged as to give the gang
with the lowest earnings the first chance for work. The earnings of the
gangs are posted regularly on a bulletin board so that the men know
their standing in the rotation scheme. The average earnings of these
eight gangs for the year 1926 show variations from $172.95 per man
per month for gang No. 1 to $177.46 per man per month for gang
No. 3. The small range shows the results of the equalization scheme
used by the company.
There is, however, no check on the earnings of the casual men,
whose numbers often are considerably larger than those in the per
manent gangs. The data below, which were taken from the pay
rolls of Company K, give an approximate idea of the actual distri
bution of the earnings of the casual and permanent men combined.
There were 354 longshoremen who worked for this company eight
weeks or more during the year 1926.
Number
of men
Weekly earnings
Under $10__________________________________________________ _12
$10 to $14.99_______________________________________________ _38
$15 to $19.99_______________________________________________ _62
$20 to $24.99_______________________________________________ _85
$25 to $29.99_______________________________________________ _63
$30 to $34.99_______________________________________________ _43
$35 and over________ _______ _______ _______ _______________ _51
Total________________________________________________ 354
The statement below shows the distribution of the same men, on
the basis of the number of weeks worked for this company:
Number
of men
8 to 11 weeks_______________________________________________ _16
12 to 15 weeks______________________________________________ _49
16 to 19 weeks______________________________________________ _30
20 to 23 weeks______________________________________________ _29
24 to 27 weeks______________________________________________ _28
28 to 31 weeks___________ __________________________________ _26
32 to 35 weeks______________________________________________ _21
36 to 39 weeks______________________________________________ _26
40 to 43 weeks______________________________________________ _24
44 to 47 weeks______________________________________________ _18
48 weeks and over__________________________________________ _87
Total___ _____ _______________________________________354
#The above figures, showing some men in every one of the wage or
time groups, speak of conditions similar to those found in the Atlantic
ports. The same inequalities in distribution of work and in the
corresponding earnings exist in San Francisco as in New York or
Baltimore. Here also the practices of some companies in keeping
permament gangs merely result in very high earnings for the privileged
men, with correspondingly low earnings for all other longshoremen.
Los Angeles
The port of Los Angeles was decasualized in 1922. It is the only
port in the United States whose scheme of decasualization applies to
all longshoremen in port. All the men are registered in the Marine
Service Bureau, which is the central dispatching hall of the port.
In 1929 the men were divided into the following groups: ’
99
FOREIGN AND INTERCOASTAL TRADE
Ship men (regular longshoremen):
61 gangs_____________________________________________
6 shoveling gangs___________________________________
Number
of men
549
54
67 gangs_____________________________________________
603
Dock men:
89 gangs_____________________________________________
Special steady men___________________________________
554
50
Total______________________________________________
604
Lumbermen:
Steady men__________________________________________
Extra men___________________________________________
95
175
Total______________________________________________
270
Casual workers (ship, dock, and lumber)_________________
151
Total number of registered men____________________
1, 628
The majority of these men are assigned to individual companies,
the number sent to each being determined by the ability of the com
pany to supply more or less steady work to the men assigned to it.
The workers retain their right to return to the hall-gang list if earnings
are unsatisfactory or for any other valid reason. Each company is
therefore required to keep a record of the earnings of their men, and
since October, 1929, the Marine Service Bureau has been supplied
by these companies with daily reports of the hours worked ana the
earnings for all the ship gangs.
Table 47 shows the earnings of the 61 permanent ship gangs for the
seven months from October, 1929, to April, 1930, inclusive. These
late figures are shown here because total figures for the entire port are
not available for any previous period. # In spite of the trade depression,
which must have affected the shipping in this port as in the other
ports, the seven months’ average earnings of these gangs, varying
from $126.62 to $199 per man per month, are considerably higher
than at any other port.
T a b le
47.— Earnings of 61 gangs of longshoremen in Los Angeles, in specified
months, 1929 and 1930
Earnings per man per month
1929
Average
Total
earnings
earnings
per
month
1930
Gang
Decem January Febru
October Novem
ary
ber
ber
March
April
Company L
Gang No. 1............ $177.53
Gang No. 2............ 180.57
Gang No. 3............ 182.59
Gang No. 4............ 168.30
Gang No. 5............ 184.17
Gang No. 6............ 208.80
Gang No. 7............ 180.90
Gang No. 8............ 169.77
Gang No. 9............ 180.23
Gang No. 10.......... 161.10
Gang No. 11.......... 169.20
$199.24
186.44
206.89
194.13
201.27
244.02
180.79
200.03
197.89
182.37
173.71
$220.95
192.38
231.19
219.94
218.37
207.00
180.68
230.29
215.55
194.63
178.20
$185.40
184.05
201.83
212.40
201.15
180.90
182.70
174.83
185.85
176.63
190.58
$154.80
151.88
185.40
162.00
171.00
147.27
155.70
170.10
133.20
170.67
173.93
$205.09
216.00
202.05
192.38
167.18
230.97
216.45
199.80
199.80
232.20
187.20
$176.63 $1,319.64
175.84 1,287.16
183.04 1,392.99
189.34 1,338.49
207.12 1,350.26
170.78 1,389.74
194.40 1,291.62
174.38 1,319.20
177.75 1,290.27
160.88 1,278.48
178.20 1,251.02
$188.52
183.88
199.00
191.21
192.89
198.53
184.52
188.46
184.32
182.64
178.72
100
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN U. S.
T a b le
47.— Earnings of 61 gangs of longshoremen in Los Angeles, in specified
months, 1929 and 1980— Continued
Earnings per man per month
1929
Gang
1930
Decem
October NovemJanuary Febru
ber
ber
ary
March
April
Average
earnings
Total
earnings
per
month
Company M
Gang No.
Gang No.
Gang No.
Gang No.
Gang No.
Gang No.
Gang No.
Gang No.
Gang No.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
$187.54
168.81
185.08
182.14
171.79
176.74
164.54
179.51
189.64
$165.83 $145.80
153.79
141.98
146.03
163.69
138.38
170.55
127.58
156.94
154.80
140.18
145.02
130.73
125.78
157.17
148.73
146.25
$124.99
156.72
164.03
174.38
162.45
174.49
170.67
146.77
158.63
$150.75
141.98
156.60
160.65
156.94
153.00
153.90
176.85
166.73
$173.48 $1,158.99
169.77 1,128.69
170.44 1,192.31
172.80 1,192.63
164.14 1,126.49
178.54 1,176.43
181.69 1.131.95
165.04 1.152.95
164.37 1,204.98
$165.57
161.24
170.33
170.38
160.93
168.06
161.71
164.71
172.14
$253.13 $203.74 $161.55 $188.78 $155.25 $147.60 $150.08 $1,260.13
205.43
127.58
142.65
166.73
175.50
151. 65 168.30 1,137.84
222.30
177.30
199.80
162.79
177.30
142.43
153.23 1.235.15
248.85
162.57
152.78
200.37
147.83
136.13
137.82 1,186.35
209.03
175.17
175.28
243.79
158.40
156.83
144.23 1,262.73
255.04
201.21
148.28
173.70
168.08
187.65
160.23 1,294.19
176.85
171.00
179.55
243.45
201.20
139.28
147.83 1.259.16
141.53
160.99
147.60
209.82
175.67
146.59
128.48 1 110.68
250.54
205.61
161.55
165.15
167.40
137.93
151.65 1,239.83
218.37
149.18
168.08
167.85
183.77
129.83
148.95 1,166.03
160.43
145.01
165.83
129.60 151.77
119.70
147.60 1,019.94
153.23
146.03
256.62
264.16
153.45
144.68
166.73 1,284.90
$180.02
162.55
176.45
169.48
180.39
184.88
179.88
158.67
177.12
166.58
145.71
183.56
$210.60
195.64
206.44
193.73
186.64
198.68
185.40
201.83
230.63
Company N
Gang No. 21Gang No. 22Gang No. 23..
Gang No. 24..
Gang No. 25..
Gang No. 26..
Gang No. 27..
Gang No. 28..
Gang No. 29..
Gang No. 30..
Gang No. 31..
Gang No. 32-
,
Company O
Gang No. 33..
Gang No. 34..
$163.69
175.73
$154.14
152.34
$132.64
141.08
$127.58
106.65
$162.45
142.88
$141.75
136. 69
$140.07 $1,022.32
142.99
998.36
$146.05
142.62
$157.50 $180.23 $203.13 $179.55 $180.00 $225.90 $164.70 $1,291.01
157.15
140.85
175.05
172.80
168. 75 208.35
180.45 1, 203.40
140.85
147.83
154.80
162.45
167.85
192.60
153.00 1,119.38
147.60
167.63
187.65
181.35
188.10
220.95
193.95 1,287.23
174.15
131.94
181.35
172.35
156. 60
193.05
170.10 1,179.54
184.95
127.80
156.38
142. 65
166. 50
197.10
156.15 1,131.53
129.15
132.98
136.80
126.90
135.90
162.90
135.00
959.63
$184.43
171.91
159.91
183.89
168.51
161.65
137.09
Company P
Gang No.
Gang No.
Gang No.
Gang No.
Gang No.
Gang No.
Gang No.
353637..
38..
39..
40..
41..
Company Q
Gang No. 42..
Gang No. 43..
Gang No. 44..
Gang No. 45..
Gang No. 46..
$263.59
241.54
239.74
238.62
$225. 68 $187.77 $120.60
168.08
114.80
210. 16 178.77 122.94
207. 51
175.28
128.03
212. 18 185.74 127.35
___ _
$107. 67
102.27
120.27
108.45
112.05
$122.85
141.30
155.25
142.65
155.70
$123. 19 $1,151.35
117. 45
643.90
132. 30 1,161.23
113. 40 1,115.06
125. 10 1,156.74
$164.48
128.78
165.89
159.29
165.25
$142.65 $135.90 $123.30 $132.30 $133.43 $1,007.35
140.97
128.14
123.87
125.55
130.62
951.50
141.42
136.58
128.59
136.92
144.23 1,020.54
133.77
131.29
128.48
130.50
132.75
995.54
113.07
129.27
118.80
138.15
135.00
934.50
124.43
122.74
123.30
131.85
136.02
937.66
126.12
129.83
131.85
128.37
132.98
981.21
113. 85
123.53
125.44
141.30
127.69
900.69
141.87
118.24
125.10
133.77
136.02
963.14
115.32
132.64
117.00
131.40
139.17
930.71
118.24
118.92
138.15
118.24
127.80
886.31
123.37
136.13
129.27
131.40
140.63
991.48
121.05
124.54
132.08
132.30
130.73
949.70
124.88
123.75
146.25
137.25
135.23
961.72
123.98
143.10
129.38
136.13
135.90
979.00
$143.91
135.93
145.79
142.22
133.50
133.95
140.17
128.67
137.59
132.96
126.62
141.64
135.67
137.39
139.86
Extra gangs i
Gang No. 47..
Gang No. 48Gang No. 49..
Gang No. 60..
Gang No. 61..
Gang No. 52Gang No. 53..
Gang No. 54..
Gang No. 55Gang No. 56Gang No. 57..
Gang No. 58..
Gang No. 59Gang No. 60..
Gang No. 61-
$178.99 $160.78
147.77
154.58
158.08
174.72
157.51
181.24
137.76
162.45
141.25
158.07
152.73
179.33
141. 30
127. 58
146.70
161.44
158.67
136.51
127.71
137.25
151.35
179.33
143.35
165.65
147.49
146.87
145.13
165.38
1 Rotated from company to company.
101
FOREIGN AND INTERCOASTAL TRADE
As a check on the above figures, in Table 48 are shown the 1926
earnings of the gangs assigned to two companies. The average
monthly earnings vary for one company from $144.47 to $175.94 and
for the other from $155.16 to $208.31 per man—averages which are
substantially higher than for the 7-month period shown above.
Although the truckers earn much less than the permanent gangs,
and the casual men considerably less, the average earnings of the
longshoremen in the port of Los Angeles are undoubtedly higher
ana more equitably distributed than in any other port in the United
States.
T a b le 48.—
Monthly earnings of 16 gangs 1 of longshoremen assigned to two com
panies in Los Angeles, 1926
Company R
Monthly earnings per man in—
Month
Gang
No. 2
Gang
No. 3
Gang
No. 4
Gang
No. 5
Gang
No. 6
Gang
No. 7
Gang
No. 8
$195.60
164.67
162.79
191.20
166.09
203.78
129.10
183.03
186.38
142.72
178.49
206.77
$209.99
232.34
158.52
259.65
169.67
216.63
169.45
179.61
21& 43
177.33
170.51
217.02
$190.25
174.83
176.64
228.83
164.03
222.81
190.77
149.44
188.72
189.06
162.14
217.27
$211.28
204.74
196.01
302.50
189.32
219.04
161.32
174.72
222.96
184.82
187.44
228.42
$218.67
195.56
200.51
297.95
190.32
232.22
159.92
164.98
253.08
177.04
188.04
221.37
$199.93
209.14
191.80
238.71
181.13
224.59
169.58
154.12
212.14
192.84
217.47
223.72
$140.33
161.62
149.25
180.08
153.88
162.15
117.44
132.89
197.63
139.59
143.13
183.95
Gang
No. 1
January__________ $225.53
February_________
158.18
March____________ 201.76
April_____________ 285.41
M ay______________ 199.03
June______________ 216.01
July______________ 170.25
158.58
August___________
September________ 199.18
October___ _______ 187.23
November________
191.37
December_________ 230.46
Gang
No. 9
$188.67
165.11
135.24
192.84
141.37
197.45
150.11
114.36
196.11
138.45
143.94
183.64
Total_______ 2,422.99 2, 110. 62 2,377.15 2,254.79 2,482.57 2,499.66 2,415.17 1,861.94 1,947.29
Average per month.
201.92
175.89
198.10
187.90
206.88
208.31
201.26
155.16
162.27
Company S
Monthly earnings per man in—
Month
Gang
No. 1
Gang
No. 2
Gang
No. 3
Gang
No. 4
Gang
No. 5
January...................
February-................
March......................
April........................
M ay........................
June.........................
July.........................
August.....................
September...............
October....................
November...............
December.—i .........
$171.34
152.50
185.96
162.03
154.79
182.29
155.60
142.35
204.51
207.61
180.95
211.31
$162.04
172.39
144.89
165.63
149.28
161.52
169.33
143.42
185.36
179. 74
163.98
215.07
$151.65
138.42
187.91
166.86
159.03
153.99
148.14
152.76
208.98
182.57
170.01
159.66
$162.97
158.12
Total..............
2, 111. 24
2,012.65
1,979.98
Average per month.
175.94
167.72
165.00
1 10 men in a gang.
Gang
No. 7
196.40
153.66
202.40
$161. 34
141.48
179.54
155.97
136.70
187.32
161.81
146.25
162.64
175.36
75.28
48.75
$165. 73
174.31
174.19
175.40
145.67
158.88
187.62
143.39
182.86
180.47
80.89
2,062.39
1,898.60
1,732.44
*1,769.41
171.87
158.22
144.47
2160.86
202.00
167.05
140.38
154.79
148.90
145.19
215.28
198.38
163.00
206.33
$167.70
136.10
169.98
133.50
96.94
153.23
135.94
152.54
Gang
No. 6
200.21
1 11 months.
102
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN U. S.
Prospects of Decasualization
In view of the extreme differences in the systems of employing
longshore labor, particularly in the distribution of the work and the
earnings of the men on the water fronts of the three decasualized
ports—Seattle, Portland, and Los Angeles—as contrasted with the
other ports in the United States, it might be worth while to inquire
into the prospects of decasualizing the other ports. The question is
rather hard to answer because of certain complications in the relation
ship between the employers of Seattle, Portland, and Los Angeles and
the International Longshoremen’s Association. It so happened that
Seattle, Portland, and Los Angeles adopted their schemes of decas
ualization only after a long period of serious and violent labor clashes
which resulted in the defeat of the local unions, members of the in
ternational. In none of the three ports is the union now considered
an important factor on the water front, and the employers refuse to
recognize the International Longshoremen’s Association ^ as the
representative of their men. The result is that the international, as
an organization, is definitely antagonistic to any scheme of decasuali
zation, which it regards simply as a union-breaking medium.
That this is not necessarily the case, however, can be shown from
the experience of most of the decasualized European ports, particu
larly Liverpool, where union labor is now an effective element in the
operation of the scheme of decasualization. From a neutral and
almost antagonistic observer at the inception of the plan in 1912, the
union has now become a most enthusiastic defender of the plan. On
the other hand, it must also be emphasized that the conditions in
Seattle, Portland, and Los Angeles are somewhat lacking in stability
because of the absence of a labor organization outside their dispatching
halls. The plans of decasualization there were originated and are
now managed almost exclusively by the employers, with the workers
having comparatively very little to say either in the management or
in the operation of the respective schemes.
In the eastemports not even the employers are unanimously in favor
of decasualizing their ports. It will therefore require a considerable
amount of education to get the union and the employers favorably
disposed to any scheme oi decasualization. Finally, not all the ports
in the country are ready for such reorganization. Certain ports can
be decasualized more quickly and more successfully than other ports.
Assuming a favorable attitude by both capital and labor, which must
be considered requisite for any effective scheme of decasualization,
the ports of Boston and Baltimore on the Atlantic coast, Houston and
Galveston on the Gulf, and San Francisco on the Pacific, offer the
most favorable conditions for a successful beginning. In all of these
ports the unions have a more or less definite limit on their member
ship, which would make it comparatively simple to obtain a complete
registry of the longshoremen in the port. In Baltimore and in the
Texas ports the gang system is in vogue and is favorably regarded by
both the unions and employers; Houston and Galveston, and to
some extent San Francisco also, have systems of dividing the work
on a rotation basis, and Houston even has a central pay station for
all longshoremen. The relationship between the employers and the
local unions in these ports has been very cordial for a number of years,
and the ground has been thus prepared for an experiment in decas-
COASTWISE TRADE
103
ualization carried out by efforts of both sides. The details of the
schemes used will greatly depend on the local conditions in each port,
but the management must necessarily be vested in a central agency
consisting of representatives of employers and workers.
With these ports decasualized or even on the road toward decasu
alization, New York and other ports will follow suit. A compre
hensive system of decasualization for the port of New York was
proposed by the mayor’s committee on unemployment in 1916, but the
scheme failed of realization largely because it originated from sources
other than those actually engaged in the longshore industry. With
the organization of employers and the local unions in favor of such a
plan, New York too can be decasualized.
Longshore Labor Conditions in Coastwise Trade
Longshore labor conditions in the coastwise trade are considerably
different from those found in foreign and intercoastal shipping.
These differences are due primarily to the nature and characteristics of
the coastwise trade. Coastwise shipping is carried on by compara
tively few regular lines. The ships cover a small number of ports
and on many occasions run between two ports only. They make
short and frequent voyages between ports, and their arrivals and
departures are kept strictly within schedule time. An occasional
storm or fog may delay the docking or the departure of a coastwise
vessel for a few hours or even for a whole day, but such interferences
are few and far between. All coastwise shipping companies operate
their own docks and do their own stevedoring. In the majority of
the ports the coastwise schedules are so arranged that there is a ship
in port either loading or discharging nearly every day. Longshore
work in the coastwise trade therefore is more regular from day So day
and less subject to the violent fluctuations which are the rule in
“ deep-water” shipping. Each shipping company usually has a per
manent following of men to do the regular work of loading and dis
charging the cargo. In many cases these permanent men report for
work daily at regular hours, and some men are paid on a weekly or
monthly basis. Additional workers, when needed, are hired either
from the shape at the gate of the pier or from the longshore dispatch
ing hall, if the port has been decasualized.
Wage Rates of Coastwise Longshoremen
With the exception of the port of San Francisco, where coastwise
longshoremen are regular members of the Longshoremen’s Association
of San Francisco, there is no union now existing among the coastwise
longshoremen in the ports of the United States. On the west coast
there is no line drawn between coastwise workers and other groups of
longshore labor. The rate of wages is the same for all groups. In
Portland, Oreg., and Los Angeles coastwise workers are regular
members of the labor dispatching hall, and their work and earnings
are controlled by the same conditions which apply to other longshore
workers. In Seattle coastwise workers are not officially members of
the dispatching hall, but a definite understanding exists between the
company employing coastwise labor and the dispatching hall which
makes it possible when needed to dispatch labor from the hall to the
104
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN U. S.
company, and vice versa. In the Atlantic ports and on the Gulf the
rates of wages for coastwise labor are generally lower than those for
longshoremen engaged in “ deep-water” shipping.
In 1928 the regular and overtime rates of wages for coastwise long
shore labor in the different ports were as follows:
T able
49.— Rates of wages for coastwise longshore labor, by 'port
Port
Seattle________________________
Portland __ __________________
San Francisco____ ___ _________
Los Angeles___ _____________
Galveston......................... ...........
Houston _ _ . _ ___________
New Orleans______________ ___
Straight
time
Over
time
$0.90
.90
.90
.90
.60
.60
.60
$1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
.90
.90
.90
Straight
time
Port
Savannah____ __________ ____
Charleston____________________
Norfolk_______________________
Baltimore. __________________
Philadelphia_________ _________
Boston_______________________
New York___________ ______
$0.40
.40
.40
.45
.50
.75
.75
Over
time
$0.40
.60
.60
.65
.70
1.10
1.10
Earnings of Longshoremen in the Coastwise Trade
Tables 50 to 57 give the earnings of coastwise longshoremen in the
ports of Seattle, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Galveston, New Orleans,
Norfolk, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York. On the west coast
coastwise longshoremen are arranged in gangs, and therefore the
earnings of the individual men for Seattle, San Francisco, and Los
Angeles are given by gangs. In Seattle a rotation scheme is used to
distribute the work among the 250 men employed by the coastwise
shipping company and the earnings of the six gangs shown in Table 50
may therefore be taken as representative of all coastwise longshoremen
in Seattle. While the actual monthly earnings of the individual men
in the six gangs are shown to vary from a low of $96.47 earned by the
men in Gang No. 3 during the four weeks of December to a high of
$226.23 earned by the men in Gang No. 4 during the five weeks of
July, 1926, the average weekly earnings for the whole year are shown
to vary only from $32.44 per man in Gang No. 6 to $37.50 per man
in Gang No. 5.
T able
50*— Monthly earnings of 6 gangs 1 of longshoremen in coastwise trade in
Seattle, 1926
Monthly earnings per man in—
Month
January (5 weeks)-------------------------------February (4 weeks)------------------------- —
March (4 w e e k s ) .____________ ________
April (5 weeks)_______ ____ _____ _______
May (4 weeks)______________________ _
June (4 weeks)_________________________
July (5 weeks) -------------------- ------------ ..
August (4 weeks)____ __________________
September (4 weeks)___________________
October (5 weeks)____________________ .
November (4 weeks)__________ ____
December (4 weeks)
_____
Total (52 weektO. . .
Average per weak..
1 16 men in a gang.
Gang
No. 1
Gang
No. 2
Gang
No. 3
Gang
No. 4
Gang
No. 5
$132.59
97.10
153.98
154.30
118.86
142.85
199.09
162.90
209.31
133.61
105.22
$154.85
138.83
121.70
177.83
97.04
135.58
205.36
187.60
188.60
213.64
124.31
110.58
$152.02
130.46
154.61
156.55
127.95
124.02
193.20
193.88
148.56
178.17
132.46
96.47
$134.02
115.68
142.94
206.89
105.14
137. 66
226.23
185.51
163. 76
206.63
146.37
115.24
$154. 74
127.77
140.35
207.20
133.51
141.61
202.28
183.19
189.05
216.90
126.77
126. 66
I.K09.93
1.855.92
1. 788. 35
1,886.07
1,950. m
1,686.62
Ml, SI
35. *9
34. 39
36.27
37.50
32.44
200.12
Gang
No. 6
$146.39
125.96
130.26
148.75
110.75
117.86
167.28
191.34
157.03
162.49
126.87
101.64
105
COASTWISE TRADE
Table 51 gives the actual earnings of 20 gangs of coastwise long
shoremen of San Francisco for the year 1926. Each gang consists of
15 men. Seventeen of these gangs are considered permanent gangs
and their average weekly earnings vary from $28.54 per man for Gang
No. 17 to $32.60 per man for Gang No. 10. The three remaining
gangs are used only when the permanent men are already engaged,
and their weekly averages vary from $20.47 to $22.55.
T a b le
51.— Monthly earnings of 20 gangs1 of longshoremen in coastwise trade in
San Francisco, 1926
Earnings per man per month
Gang
April
January February March
June
May
July
(4 weeks) (4 weeks) (5 weeks) (4 weeks) (4 weeks) (5 weeks) (4 weeks)
Gang No. 1__________________
Gang No. 2............ .....................
Gang No. 3.................................
Gang No. 4.................................
Gang No. 5__________ ________
Gang No. 6....... ............ ............
Gang No. 7________ __________
Gang No. 8........................... ......
Gang No. 9.......... ............... ......
Gang No. 10________________ _
Gang No. 11................. .......... .
Gang No. 12............... ................
Gang No. 13__________________
Gang No. 14___....... ............ ......
Gang No. 15......................... ......
Gang No. 16....... ........................
Gang No. 17....... ........................
Gang No. 18 2__..........................
Gang No. 19 2................ ............
Gang No. 20 2__..........................
$125.05
89.20
95.00
89.20
137.05
125.10
97.45
146.45
173.95
157. 75
137. 20
98.45
126. 20
110.30
114.40
110.75
88.85
98.25
81.40
124.70
$82.30
77.05
87.85
165.20
142.65
144.20
113.50
82.25
132.65
160.25
143.05
187.40
164.80
174.02
134.25
143.65
106.85
74.70
134.00
110.25
$146.00
147.10
158.55
146.30
138.80
202.50
149.05
151.95
193.45
197.95
195.45
132.95
167.00
113.05
130.40
114.50
139.40
131.20
110.90
124.40
$133.70
152.30
123.90
112.70
136.00.
132.65
89.10
97.05
126.54
130.75
110.95
143.07
144.85
131.90
126.85
126.30
122.30
94.45
107.05
96.85
$109.00
98.75
101.05
98.95
96.25
95.55
106.35
97.85
99.90
88.90
83.80
95. 57
88.80
91.85
103 40
94.85
91.70
74.80
71.75
72.45
$134.55
131.05
132.65
125.25
138.80
141.70
153.40
144.40
131.40
135.40
122.65
135.90
147.80
146.40
110 65.
114.65
128.77
63.00
83.50
82.18
$118.30
129.80
121.45
110.20
116.40
125 95
120.80
121.55
126.85
113.15
120.55
113.15
123.00
112.45
123.15
117.17
95.30
73.30
75.05
77.70
Earnings per man per month
Aver
Total
age
Septem
Novem
Decem
(52
weeks)
per
August
October
ber
ber
ber
week
(5 weeks) (4 weeks) (4 weeks) (5 weeks) (4 weeks)
Gang
. 1.....................................
.2 .....................................
Gang No.. 3.....................................
.4 ................................. .
. 5.....................................
. 6.................... ................
. 7.....................................
. 8____________ ____
. 9..... ...............................
.10.................... ..............
. 11.......... .............. .........
. 12..................................
. 13....... ........... ...............
. 14...................................
. 15...................................
. 16...................................
. 17................................ .
. 18 2_..............................
. 19 2__........................... .
. 20 2.... .......................... .
115 men in a gang.
$153.60
163.00
167.90
156.10
159.70
163.05
142.75
150. 65
158.35
154. 55
154.25
159.60
159.50
153.15
161.90
152.00
166.90
103.20
80.85
60.75
$127.55
140.55
123.50
120.25
128.10
139. 45
132.05
133. 85
139.90
135.75
133.80
132.05
119.15
125.50
120.65
141.15
115.15
97.30
94.05
104. 65
$164.25
144.85
143.65
129.55
146.40
156.75
161.95
158. 55
147.10
148. 65
148.60
134.40
138.15
135.30
145.00
144.50
138.85
128.10
119.05
107.95
$158.82
155.00
147.35
161. 90
157. 05
148.85
173.75
166.95
160.80
162.35
154. 65
150.25
143.10
153.55
154.90
149.35
166.85
122.35
127.70
70.10
$113.35
119.90
109.45
118.35
110.85
118.00
108.40
92.00
97.80
109.50
104.40
114.60
143.45
95.90
117.40
127.90
123.00
101.05
87.05
32.60
$1,566.45
1,548.55
1,512.30
1.533.95
1,608.05
1,693.75
1,548. 55
1,540.50
1,688.70
1.694.95
1,609.85
1,597.39
1,665.80
1,543.37
1.542.95
1,536.77
1,483.92
1,161. 70
1,172. 35
1,064. 58
$30.12
29.78
29.08
29.50
30.92
32.57
29.78
29.63
32.47
32.60
30.96
30.72
32.04
29.68
29.67
29.55
28.54
22.34
22.55
20.47
2Extra gangs used only when the permanent gangs are already employed.
In Los Angeles coastwise longshoremen are assigned to the company
on the same basis as deep-water longshoremen are assigned to the
other companies, and the men retain their right, to report back to the
dispatching hall should their earnings fall below- the average earnings
66490°—32----- 8
106
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN U. S.
of the hall gangs. Table 52 gives the earnings of seven coastwise
gangs, 16 men in a gang, for 32 weeks from January 1 through the
first week of August, 1927. The first six gangs represent the per
manent force, while Gang No. 7 is an extra gang used only when the
other six gangs are already engaged. The average weekly earnings of
the men in the permanent gangs vary from $45.21 for Gang No. 4 to
$47.61 for Gang No. 2. The average weekly earnings of the men in
Gang No. 7 is $38.91, which is still considerably higher than the aver
age weekly earnings of coastwise longshore labor in any other port
of the United States.
T a b le
52.— Monthly earnings of 7 gangs1 of longshoremen in coastwise trade in
Los Angeles, 1927
Monthly earnings per man in—
Month
Gang
No. 1
Gang
No. 2
Gang
No. 3
Gang
No. 4
Gang
No. 5
Gang
No. 6
January (5 weeks)____________
February (4 weeks)___________
March (4 weeks)_____________
April (5 weeks)_______________
May (4 weeks)_______________
June (4 weeks)_____________ _
July (5 w eek s).______________
August (1 week)______________
$206.99
226. 56
218.98
212. 62
177. 92
204.04
223. 67
42.07
$217.15
201.36
199.70
266.07
198.31
185. 75
218.37
36.89
$178.32
218.87
219.78
236.29
183.61
175. 23
236.40
28.74
$206.69
207.77
220.24
204.03
200.61
158.26
203.38
45.67
$181.37
189.88
194.60
210.83
159.56
167. 85
238.09
43.95
$205.51
204.94
197.46
230.86
178.39
174.37
228.29
45.67
$205.72
176.09
163.31
176.98
141.69
160.08
175.83
45.36
Total (32 weeks)________
1,512.85
1,523. 60
1,477.24
1,446,65
1,386.13
1,465.49
1, 245.06
Average per week____________
47.28
47.61
46.16
45.21
46.13
45.80
38.91
116 men in a gang.
Gang
No. 72
2Extra gang used when the other six gangs are already employed.
Table No. 53 gives the classified earnings of coastwise longshore
men in the port of Galveston for 13 weeks during the months of
March, June, and September, 1926, the seven wage groups therein
varying in earnings from $10 or less to $35 and over per week. Dur
ing March and June the wage group with the largest number of men
was the $20-and-under-$25 group, while during the month of Sep
tember it shifted to the $25-and-under-$30 group. Out of the 7,412
pay envelopes issued to the men during the three months shown,
3,709, or about 50 per cent, fell within these two groups, making the
average earnings of the men about $25 per week.
107
COASTWISE TRADE
T a b le 53. —
Classified weekly earnings of longshoremen in coastwise trade in
Galveston, 1926
Number of men earning
Week ending—
Under
$10
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
$30
$25
$15
$20
$10
and
and
and
and
and
under under under under under
$35
$25
$20
$30
$15
27............................................................ -
23
16
13
169
34
46
24
162
84
56
44
119
6___________________________________
13
..............—.......................................
20_ _______________________________
210
169
95
106
$35
and
over
Total
133
213
192
13
56
73
84
4
31
91
12
571
585
543
573
Total_______________________________
221
266
303
580
551
217
134
2,272
June 5 ___________________________________
June 12 _________________________________
June 19__________________________________
.Thrift 2 6 __________________________________
7
75
10
13
122
12
24
71
18
37
143
83
231
210
164
77
164
133
113
52
39
33
39
132
3
8
565
547
557
542
Total_______________________________
42
150
395
667
538
237
182
2,211
Sept. 4.__________________________________
Sept. 11 __________________________________
Sept. 18_________________________ _____ __
Sept 25..............................................................
Oct. 2................. ...............................................
15
15
27
13
56
18
40
58
23
156
42
67
180
62
137
106
124
172
118
127
198
149
131
174
82
144
130
25
198
7
64
38
608
600
578
580
563
Total______ ________________________
63
154
346
609
764
661
332
2,929
Total (13 weeks)______ _____ _____ ___
326
570
1,044
1,856
1,853
1,115
648
7,412
12
13
8
89
109
Table 54 gives the earnings of the coastwise workers in the port of
New Orleans during 12 weeks in March, June, and October, 1926.
Earnings are classified in seven wage groups from under $5 per week
to $30 and over per week. During the month of March the earnings
group with the largest number of men was $20 and under $25 per
week, during June, $15 and under $20 per week, and during October,
$25 and under $30 per week. Of the 7,298 pay envelopes issued to
the men during the 12 weeks, 4,874, or about two-thirds, fell within
the three groups from $15 to $30 per week.
T a b l e 54. —
Classified weekly earnings of longshoremen in coastwise trade in New
Orleans, 1926
Number of men earning—
Week ending—
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Total
and $10 and $15 and $20and $25 and
Under $5
and
under under under under under $30
$5
over
$15
$20
$25
$30
$10
10. - .................... ...... ................ .
17___________ ______ _________
24.............................................
31.................................................
8
12
102
57
60
95
100
201
175
154
181
81
147
189
55
24
53
27
77
49
51
46
68
19
615
622
634
624
223
314
551
4
117
133
210
Total......... ......................... ......
51
720
472
164
2,495
June 9...................................................
June 16....................... .............. ...........
June 23............................... ..................
June 30........ ......... ...............................
1
13
5
5
38
76
32
41
92
177
80
75
323
184
130
116
90
76
205
235
28
27
87
78
8
12
20
18
580
565
559
568
Total...........................................
24
187
424
753
606
220
58
2,272
6....................................................
100
8
76
56
52
72
145
103
27_____________________ ______
32
25
30
35
145
20............... .............................. .
45
16
15
150
97
140
179
197
115
95
125
184
208
622
622
632
655
Total................ 1........................
84
122
256
492
474
586
517
2,531
Total (12 weeks)........................
159
532
994
1,796
1,800
1,278
739
7,298
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
13__________________ ____ ____
86
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN U. S.
108
Table 55 gives the actual earnings of 12 individual longshoremen—
6 white longshoremen and 6 colored—for the 52 weeks of 1926. The
6 white men show a range of average weekly earnings from $18.95
to $27.68, while the colored men show a range from $22.91 to $26.17.
The figures in Tables 54 and 55 would indicate that the average
earnings of coastwise longshoremen in New Orleans during 1926 were
about $20 to $25 per week.
T a b le
55.— Actual earnings of 6 white and 6 colored longshoremen in coastwise
trade in N e w Orleans, 1926
Actual earnings per man—White longshoremen
Month
No. 1
No. 2
$79.65
75.60
136.20
95.55
79.30
107.25
74.70
110. 55
101. 70
110. 55
131.25
89.55
$100.95
111. 75
150.60
105.15
94.35
124.95
85.50
127.80
116. 55
135.75
148.80
100.35
$63.90
71.85
104.85
80.25
69.70
98.55
65.10
90.30
79.35
86.55
104.40
70.80
$92.70
114.60
163.80
117.75
99.45
117.45
98.85
133.10
114.90
139.65
129.75
117.30
$99.15
107.85
150.60
78.60
67.80
104.10
72.30
126.60
114.90
121.65
126.60
54.45
$86.55
106.20
143.85
Total (52 weeks)........... .............. ...... 1,191.85
1,402.50
985.60
1,439.30
1,224.60
1,354.20
22.92
26.97
18.95
27.68
23.55
26.04
January (4 weeks)........ ............................ .
February (4 weeks).....................................
March (5 weeks)......... ....................... ........
April (4 weeks)............................................
M ay (4 weeks).............................................
June (5 weeks)...........................................
July (4 weeks).............- ................... ...........
August (5 weeks)_ _____ ______________
September (4 weeks)----------------------------October (4 weeks)............................ ......... .
November (5 weeks)- ------ . ------ ----------December (4 weeks)......................... ...........
Average per week.............................. .........
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5
No. 6
101.10
93.45
125.10
84.75
127.95
110.55
130.65
144.00
100.05
Actual earnings per man—Colored longshoremen
Month
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5
No. 6
127.05
88.65
$86. 55
97.55
136.95
80.10
85.95
114.90
76.80
116. 55
107.55
122.70
94.65
71.10
$83.10
94.95
140.85
96.75
82.20
110.40
77.15
117.00
100.95
115.95
100.95
79.80
$95.40
104.45
148.05
100.95
96.30
121.95
83.40
130.65
110.40
127. 65
142.95
98.85
$84.75
96.45
119.85
83.70
83.10
109.35
89.10
112.80
99.00
122.25
127.20
88.50
Total (52 weeks)--------------------------- 1,278.30
1,184.55
1,191.35
1,200.05
1,361.00
1,216.05
24758
22.78
22.91
23.08
26.17
23.39
January (4 weeks).-------- ----------------------February (4 weeks______________ _____ _
March (5 weeks)_______________________
April (4 weeks)-------------------------- --------May (4 weeks)------ ------------------------------June (5 weeks)------------------------------- -----July (4 weeks)------ ------------------------------August (5 weeks)_______________________
September (4 weeks)----------------------------October (4 weeks)______________________
November (5 weeks)___________________
December (4 weeks)____ _______________
Average per week----------- ------ ---------------
$92. 55
103. 65
125.25
93. 75
49.95
123. 75
89.25
126.15
105. 75
124.50
141.60
102.15
$76.80
96.60
120.30
80.85
89.55
95.70
85.65
110.25
93.15
120.00
Table 56 gives the average weekly earnings and the number of
men employed in 1928 by different companies in the following ports:
One company in Norfolk, one in Baltimore, one in Philadelphia, one
in Boston, and two companies in New York. In Norfolk the average
weekly earnings per man for the year 1928 were $16.88; in Baltimore,
$16.93; in Philadelphia, $23.17; in Boston, $26.68; and in New York,
$27.25 for one company and $28.70 for the other. A comparison of
these earnings and the rates of wages for coastwise labor in the five
ports will establish the fact that in coastwise shipping there is a
direct relation between the earnings of the longshoremen and the
existing rate of wages. Norfolk, with the lowest rate of 40 cents per
hour, shows the lowest earnings per man; New York and Boston,
109
COASTWISE TRADE
with the highest rate of 75 cents per hour, also show the highest
earnings per man. This direct relationship between rates of wages
and earnings can not, however, be proven to be the case in foreign
and intercoastal shipping.
T able
56.— Number of men and average weekly earnings of coastwise longshoremen
in specified ports, 1928
New York *
Norfolk 1
Baltimore 1 Philadelphia 1
Boston 1
Line No. 1
Week end
ing—
Aver
Aver
age Num Average Num Average Num Average Num
Num age Num earn
Average
ber
of
ber of earn
ber of earnings ber of earnings ber of earnings ber of earnings
ings
ings
per
man
men
men
men
men
per
man
per
man
men
men
per man
per
per
man
man
Jan. 4............
Jan. 11...........
Jan. 18.........
Jan. 25______
Feb. 1............
212
211
Total. .
----
8............
216
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
15........
22_____
29_____
214 $15.00
14.89
14.89
218 17.23
219 19.73
220
222
218
7______
14_____
21
28_____
Total-
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
Apr.
4............
11_____
18..........
25_____
223
219
220
$20.07
18.85
19.13
20.82
24.82
81.74 ......... 76.63
----
103.69
229
23.17
19.52
18.93
18.39
16.66
18.76
19.11
15.94
197
195
196
199
17.05
15.41
17.60
15.30
215
212
221
216
217
18.90
17.20
15.63
15.35
204
196
197
198
17.32
16.58
15.94
14.72
206
190
210
18.45
19.92
20.15
21.18
.....
67.08
----
64.56
.....
79.70
215
213
17.86
16.83
14.45
15.27
204
199
198
196
18.23
14.53
16.34
15.29
200
20.75
20.09
21.18
25.13
210
206
64.41
212
208
214
211
203
T otal..
219
192
166
169
16.87
15.55
13.33
15.88
15.70
198
194
192
193
191
17.86
16.00
16.89
14.71
14.17
164
161
162
170
133
24.62
23.03
22.57
21.53
27.79
77.33
.....
79.63
.....
118k 54
184
189
192
189
14.87
18.87
16.46
15.48
168
162
198
171
20.22
205
212
215
208
12.55
15.87
15.52
13.97
57.91
.....
65.68
.....
79.03
15.84
15.82
200 16.71
205 17.05
202 16.18
194
194
194
197
197
14.60
13.77
16.64
16.64
14.18
168
180
189
182
158
24.89
19.17
20.53
25.78
24.13
23.29
16.43
19.09
T ota l..
----
July 4............
July 11______
July 18..........
July 25______
Aug. 1...........
206
205
Total. .
----
81.60
.....
75.83
.....
114.50
198
17.07
197
191
195
193
16.49
14.96
17.69
18.92
200
184
182
184
22.67
28.20
25.79
29.64
.....
68.06
.....
106.30
8...........
15..........
22.........
29.........
T ota l..
201 15.95
210 15.90
205
18.10
.....
67.02
$24.76
27.21
22.03
21.26
26.15
990
947
941
960
940
121.41
174
172
162
161
20.55
24.90
24.95
26.14
23.77
22.40
24.20
19.83
23.16
20.42
21.71
21.95
21.99
22.64
20.53
23.66
23.52
944
956
959
944
23.77
30.01
27.79
28.69
931
919
912
943
926
32.24
34.23
35.91
39.34
32.60
28.95
28.13
29.54
27.40
114.02
27.06
27.81
32.53
27.24
27.12
26.77
23.86
24.25
25.65
27.38
26.42
30.18
27.64
26.86
40.74
31.12
29.32
26.10
34.86
24.79
25.67
30.95
29.75
25.30
3Q.15
27.06
112.26
29.07
26.46
28.92
26.13
110.58
207
207
207
201
28.40
31.39
24.71
25.74
110.24
204
205
200
205
24.55
24.20
26.79
21.99
97. 53
202
199
198
198
190
23.20
29.03
22.80
24. 55
22.23
121.81
189
188
187
196
33.90
21.44
22.19
25.65
103.18
199
197
194
197
190
142.37
929
958
972
959
$25.13
24.37
23.75
23.60
24.39
121.24
215
214
216
215
128.04
932
950
924
922
907
174.32
151
150
153
153
29.26
30.63
28.46
29.28
137.27
902
931
929
923
110.26
145
143
151
146
145
213
217
102.00
112.34
148
142
142
141
221
114.64
87.24
151
146
151
150
148
216
218
117.63
944
941
960
954
90.20
171
165
157
156
$27.30
27.41
27.49
26.61
26.38
135.19
977
954
962
970
96.54
168
171
168
172
87.15
64.39
June 6. ..........
June 13.........
June 20__.......
June 27_____
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
175
170
174
172
173
80.01
65.36
213
213
219
209
Total
May 2........._
May 9______
May 16..........
May 23_____
May 30_____
197 $16.30
198 14.37
197 15.47
198 13.86
193 16.63
70.47
Total
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Line No. 2
26.08
25.04
22.26
22.22
23.82
119.42
185
184
179
189
23.45
23.19
27.74
30.98
105.36
i Rates of wages per hour: Norfolk, 40 cents; Baltimore, 45 cents; Philadelphia, 70 cents; Boston and
New York, 75 cents.
110
CHAP. 3.— LONGSHORE LABOR CONDITIONS IN U. S.
T able
56.— Number of men and average weekly earnings o f coastwise longshoremen
in specified ports, 1928 — Continued
New 1fork i
Norfolk 1
Baltimore i
Philadelphia1
Boston 1
Line No. 1
Week end
ing—
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
Sept.
5...........
12.........
19.........
26.........
Aver
age Num
Num earn
ber of ings ber of
men
per men
man
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
3_______
10...........
17...........
24..........
31...........
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
189 $20.30
189 16.43
190 20.85
196 23.70
73.48
81.28
208
205
205
207
204
20.14
21.29
19.00
20.38
19.13
197
224
175
198
176
$27.94
25.58
26.51
30.64
197
194
194
19.73
17.82
24.34
18.30
18.59
222
221
189
224
20.29
26.48
26.83
26.44
26.25
201
235
Total. .
99.94
.....
98.78
.....
126.29
202 20.14
195
199
195
197
18.82
220
30.30
22.64
29.30
29.67
206
203
199
18.26
16.86
16.71
71.97
19.94
19.66
243
224
218
$23.48
27.34
30.44
29.27
957
963
961
947
29.11
32.16
33.45
32.96
31.03
957
958
953
960
971
158.71
172
168
170
172
203
191
194
200
112.07
110.53
164
163
163
164
166
$28.11
29.30
27.92
26.74
26.20
977
971
30.94
29.14
975
34.30 1,002
115.28
206
214
209
203
214
159.72
163.77
33.52
25.67
29.58
28.34
38.88
30.80
29.87
27.37
32.80
211
207
204
208
35.88
29.25
31.06
38.10
134.29
117.11
111.91
201
194
18.10
17.74
15.99
12.83
230
231
226
196
16.83
23.08
19.72
26.33
.....
64.66
.....
85.96
91.24
110.06
118.24
5______
12........ .
19..........
26.......-
18.52
17.30
201
Total . .
.....
64.58
196
120.58
32.89
30.27
29.05
36.91
34.65
$26.19
26.22
25.00
37.87
75.28
207
203
202 13.46
202 15.30
16.86
158
160
160
161
110.67
7______
14.........
21_____
28
Total
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Aver
age
Average Num Average Num Average Num Average
earn Num
of earnings ber of earnings ber of earnings ber of earnings
ings ber
men
per man men per man men per man men per man
per
man
213 $19.34
207 16.09
211 18.66
206 19.39
Total
Line No. 2
173
179
176
177
27.33
995
28.28 1,002
20.18
996
15.45
982
27.78
27.46
27.43
27.39
226
226
221
221
33. 57
31. 22
30.70
22.75
Grand
total.
877.53
880.14
1,204.75
1,387.39
1,492.41
1,416.89
Average per
week______
16.88
16.93
23.17
26.68
28.70
27.25
i Rates of wages per hour: Norfolk, 40 cents; Baltimore, 45 cents; Philadelphia, 70 cents; Boston and
New York, 75 cents.
Table 57 gives the earnings of coastwise longshoremen lor one com
pany in the port of Boston which is not shown in Table 55. This
company has all its longshore labor organized into permanent gangs
of 22 men each. The work is so distributed among the gangs from
week to week and from month to month as to insure equalized earnings
for all the men in the gangs. The actual monthly earnings and the
average weekly earnings of the 12 gangs employed by this company
are shown in this table. The weekly average earnings per man vary
only from $24.08 for gang No. 4 to $24.77 for gang No. 8. The experi
ence of this company in Boston and the practice on the west coast
show that rotation of longshore labor is also possible in the coastwise
trade. Here, as in deep-water shipping, it proves to be the most
effective method for an equal distribution of the work among the men.
111
COASTWISE TRADE
T a b le
57.— Earnings of 12 gangs 1 of coastwise longshoremen for one company in
Boston, 1928
Monthly earnings per man in—
Month
Gang
No. 1
Gang
No. 2
Gang
No. 3
Gang
No. 4
Gang
No. 5
$92.39
100.13
115.58
81.64
87.17
120.49
111. 91
128.41
103. 31
119.71
125.18
77.37
$96.93
108.31
121.16
81.81
92.99
109.57
121.69
112.46
108.17
128.32
125.05
74.96
$93.48
103.24
115.46
83.96
95.94
109.34
110.41
116.89
105.81
115.93
126,09
84.24
$92.57
104.14
112.64
84.05
94.08
114. 31
101.81
114.54
109.18
120.48
83.59
$95.98
106.15
115.85
85.19
94.13
119.98
108.66
117.01
105.31
118.70
122.39
85.96
$93.53
102.85
117.44
84.78
92.24
112.58
106.81
112.80
110.04
116.96
124.59
87.49
Total (52 weeks)__________________ 1,263.29
1,281.42
1,260.79
1,252.25
1,275.31
1,262.11
24.64
24.25
24.08
24.53
24.27
January (4 weeks)___________ _________
February (4 weeks)___________ _______
March (5 weeks)_________ ______ _______
April (4 weeks)___________________ ____
May (4 weeks)____________ ___________
■Tnnp. (5 weeks)________________ ______
July (4 weeks) ^________________________
August (5 weeks)_______ _______________
September (4 weeks)_______ __________
October (4 weeks)_________ ____________
November (5 weeks)____ _______________
December (4 weeks)____________________
Average per week__ _____________ ______
24.29
120.86
Gang
No. 6
Monthly earnings per man in—
Month
Gang
No. 8
Gang
No. 9
81.38
$90.89
105.11
115.73
86.56
91.88
117.78
113.20
118.45
112.41
120.93
126.71
88.24
$97.49
104.35
117.48
86.79
94.69
119.81
103.38
119.64
113.83
114.63
119.32
82.71
$93.42
107.10
117.98
89.79
91.51
115.97
105.28
115.44
105.99
110.15
118.59
82.08
$91.44
108.28
111. 11
83.96
91.68
110.74
106.58
120.76
110.69
117.18
123.82
88.06
$93.89
108.44
116.66
84.91
92.79
110.41
103.05
120.57
109.21
108.76
124.96
84.55
Total (52 weeks)................................ 1,262.30
1,287.89
1,274.12
1,253.30
1,264.30
1,258. 20
24.77
24.50
24.10
24.31
24.20
Gang
No. 7
January (4 weeks)........ .............................
February (4 weeks)___________ _____ ___
March (5 weeks)__________ _______ ___
April (4 weeks)________________ ______
May (4 weeks)..____ __________ ________
June (5 weeks)________________ ____ ____
July (4 weeks)___________ _____ ________
August (5 weeks).......................... ..............
September (4 weeks) ___________ _____ _
October (4 weeks)_________ ____________
November (5 weeks)___________________
December (4 weeks)____________________
Average per week______________ ____ _
1 22 men in a gang.
$90.68
105.40
117.57
86.51
86.79
111. 55
113.31
120.46
104. 71
122.28
121.66
24.28
Gang
No. 10
Gang
No. 11
Gang
No. 12
GENERAL TABLES
Seattle (1926)
T a b le
1.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN HANDLING CARGO, B Y
KIN D OF T R A D E AN D INDIVIDU AL COM MODITIES
Cargo tonnage
Operation, line number, and
commodity
Long
tons
Ganghours
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour age man-hour
per—
num
ber of
Rev men
Rev Long Rev
per Long enue
Long enue
tons tons gang tons tons ton enue
ton
Foreign trade 1
Discharging cargo:
Orient—
No. 1............. ............... 11,238
No. 2..................... ........ 20,861
No. 3
Loading cargo:
Orient—
No. 4.............................. 44,619
No. 5
26,807
36,604
43,802
500.0
824.0
1,670.9
22.5
25.3
53.6
44.4
26.2
22.0 1.02 2.44 $0.88 $0.37
.94
1.65
.85
.96
.55
1.06
61,686
116,099
1,686.3
4,333.9
26.5
36.6
26.8
20.8 1.28
1.76
1.17
.70
.51
.77
1.32 2 1.48 $0.68
.81 2.90 1.11
.79 2.89 1.14
.76 2.85 1.18
.64 2.72 1.41
2$0.61
21.00
21. 01
21.06
27.0
31.0
22.9
Intercoastal trad e 1
Discharging cargo:
No. 6.................................... 19,396 221,723
No. 7................... ................ 5,353 25,996
No. 8___ ________________ 35,740 240,028
No. 9................... — ........— 17,384 2 19,472
No. 10................................... 14,337 2 16,058
Loading cargo:
No. 11..................... ............ 27,375 2 30,663
No. 12................................... 27,235 2 30,506
887.5
432.0
1,999.1
1,226.0
1,310.6
21.9
12.4
17.9
14.2
10.9
1,366.1
1,522.0
20.0
224.5
2 13.9
16.5
15.4
2 15.9
12.3
18.6
17.0
220.0 22.6
2
20.0 1.00 21.12
17.9 2 20.0 20.4
.88 2.98
2
22.4
.90
1.02
2
1.25
2.80
2.92
Coastwise trad e 1
Discharging cargo:
No. 13...............
Loading cargo:
No. 14___ ____
2 140,654
2 170,906
3
136,575.0
1.03
2$0.87
113,497.0
1.51
2.60
In dividu al commodities 1
Discharging cargo:
Coffee, No. 15....... ......... _ 2,055
Salmon, No. 16.................... 57,915
Steel pipe, etc., No. 17........ 24,160
16,207
Iron and steel, No. 18 -..
23,372
Tinplate, No. 19.............
Loading cargo:
Apples—
28,157
No. 20.......... .............
10,432
No. 21........ ..........
Canned goods—
No. 22.......................
3,789
7,873
No. 23____ ________
Flour, No. 24.................
10,055
Lumber—
11,094
No. 25.......................
36,780
No. 26_______ _____
No. 27 6____ ____ —
No. 28 5____ _______
Salmon, No. 29_________
10,538
2 2,292
2 64,868
2 27,062
218,156
226,179
79.5
1,962.1
1,226.0
2
2
2
28.8
33.1
2
741.0
25.8
29.5
19.7
18.5
31.5
231,537
211,685
1,040.5
410.3
27.1
25.4
2
24,243
28,820
166.7
388.0
403.1
22.7
20.3
24.9
2
211,262
417,750
458,848
439,018
442,067
211,802
1 Wage rate: 90 cents per hour.
2Short tons.
3 Man-hours.
87a0
1,442.4
4,929.1
2,285.9
1,942.3
428.3
21.16 $0.87 2$0.78
21.74 .58
21.70 .59
21.59 .63 2.57
1.86 2 2.08 .48 2.43
22.1
20.7
35.3
24.9
19.0
13.0
13.0
17.0
1.04
1.55
1.52
1.42
30.3
28.5
19.0
19.0
1.42
1.34
2
25.5
22.7
27.9
19.0
19.0
1.20
2
21.0
1.07
1.19
7.7 412.3
7.5 411.9
417.1
421.7
24.6 2 27.6
13.0
13.0
16.3
22.4
19.0
4.95
4.92
41.05
4.97
1.29 21.45
2
2
2
2
.59
.57
2
2
2
1.60
1.50
.63
.67
1.34
.75
.84
.76
2 .6 7
1.53
1.58
*.95
.70
4.93
2.62
1.20
1.33
41,000 board feet.
* Coastwise trade.
113
2 .5 6
2.60
2.75
4.98
114
T a b le
GENERAL TABLES
3.—PRODTJCTIVITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E
Discharging cargo: Orient
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Total, 12 ships__________________ 11,238
26,807
a , jrage
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve per Long Reve Long Reve
nue
nue ton nue
gang
tons tons
tons tons
ton
Line No. 1
500.0
22.5
53.6
22.0
1.02 2.44 $0.88 $0.37
Ships w ith m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (January):
Porcelain. ___
Silk....... .................................
Tea. _____________________
General cargo___
604
340
70
149
1,510
Total...................................... 1,163
2,871
No. 2 (February):
1,020
176
165
168
810
248
504
2,027
263
Total...................................... 1,226
2,794
Porcftlain.
. - General cargo_______________
48.0
24.2
59.8
22.0
1.10
2.72 $0.82
48.5
25.3
57.6
22.0
1.15
2.62
$0.33
.78
.34
S h ip s w ith m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (May):
Silk____________ ___________
Porcelain___________________
Total......................................
130
347
391
868
477 • 1, 359
No. 4 (June):
Silk............................................
Porcelain___________________
186
424
557
1,060
Total.......................... - .........
610
1,617
31.0
15.4
40.6
22.0 0.70
1.85 $1.29
$0.49
33.8
18.0
47.8
22.0
2.17
1.10
.41
$0.36
.82
Sh ip s w ith average efficiency
No. 5 (March):
Silk .......................................
General cargo_______________
113
704
339
1,760
38.7
21.1
54.2
22.0 0.96
2.47 $0.94
816
15.0
19.9
54.4
22.0
.91
2.47
36,604
824.0
25.3
44.4
27.0
0.94
6,602
2,253
3, 536
24, 213
110.0 25.9 60.0
34.5
29.5
24.4
25.4
.75
.77
Total_____________________
817
2,099
No. 6 (M ay):
Silk....... ....................................
General cargo_______________
130
169
391
425
Total.....................................
299
Total, 16 ships........... ..................... 20,861
.99
.36
1.65 $0.96
$0.55
1.20
.52
1.05
.51
.51
Line No. 2
Tea............................................
Silk..............— .............. .........
Burlap_____________________
General cargo______________ -
2,854
2,021
2,260
13,726
[
89.0
83.0
542.0
22.7
27.2
25.3
25.3
42.6
44.7
1.12
1.00
1.74
.86
1.75
1.76
1.17
.80
.90
F
ig u r e
3 8 .— M
en
w it h
T
r u ck s
r id in g
"Iron
st e v e d o r e
"
fr o m
S
id e
P
o r t
to
lev el
o f
p ie r
.
S
eattle
F ig u r e 3 9 .— l o a d in g
a p p l e s
fro m
g r a v it y
R
ollers to
T
r a il e r s fo r
d e l iv e r y
to
s h i p ’s
S
id e
.
S
ea ttle
115
SEATTLE (1926)
T a b l e S .— P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
F O REIGN TR AD E —Continued
Discharging cargo: Orient— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Output per Aver Output per Average
cost
man-hour labor
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue ton nue
tons tons
tons tons
ton
Sh ip s w ith m axim um efficiency
L in e No. 2— Continued
No. 1 (June):
Silk............................................
120
Tea............................................
168
General cargo.............. ............ 1,211
131
364
2,198
3.4
5.6
43.2
35.3
30.0
28.0
38.5
65.0
50.9
36.0
32.0
25.0
0.98
.95
1.12
1.06 $0.92
.95
2.06
2.04
.80
$0.85
.44
.44
Total........ ............................. 1,499
2,693
52.2
28.7
51.6
26.4
1.09
1.95
.83
.46
201
140
655
844
225
289
826
1,724
6.3
4.7
16.8
25.0
31.9
29.8
39.0
33.8
35.7
61.5
49.2
68.9
29.6
32.5
27.8
1.21
20.2
1.08
.92
1.78
1.67
1.89
2.24
3.41
.83
.98
.51
.54
.74
.48
.40
.26
Total...................................... 1,840
3,064
52.8
34.8
58.0
23.0
1.52
2.52
.59
.36
0.49 $2.05
1.50
.98
$1.84
.60
No. 2 (June):
Silk................................. .........
T e a ..______________________
Burlap......................................
General cargo...................... —
S hips w ith m inim um efficiency
No. ^ (N ovember):
General cargo. . .
163
945
182
1,538
14.5
40.5
11.2
23.3
12.5
38.0
25.3
25.2
0.44
.92
Total________
1,108
1,720
55.0
20.1
31.3
25.3
.80
1.24
1.13
.73
92
860
102
1,061
9.8
40.0
9.4
21.5
10.4
26.5
22.9
25.8
.41
.83
.45
1.03
2.20
1.08
2.00
.87
952
1,163
49.8
19.1
23.4
25.3
.76
.92
1.18
.98
1.03 $0.98
2.27
.87
1.29 1.96
2.03
.50
1.65 1.01
$0.87
.40
.70
.44
.55
1.67
.99
.54
1.17
1.32
.97
.80
1.05
.58
No. 4 (
Sii:
General cargo.
Total..
Ships w ith average efficiency
No. 5
Tea.
Rattan..........
Sugar..............
General cargo.
Total........-
97
215
33.0
28.0
25.0
19.1
23.7
0.92
1.03
.46
1.81
21.1
33.8
62.9
32.1
38.4
39.1
22.4
41.2
24.6
.91
23.8
.93
22.1
31.0
34.1
27.5
26.9
.77
25.5
30.3
26.5
51.8
37.1
55.9
1.12
1.54
1.35
2.07
9.5
26.8
47.6
29.1
.92
1.64
.55
0.85
$1.06
1.36
1.31
$0.66
127
645
108
472
234
142
1,194
3.2
7.5
7.3
3.7
30.5
30.3
28.6
11.4
34.3
1,167
2,150
52.2
145
11.4
9.9
No. 6 ^September):
T e a " I I ” ” ” II” I "
Burlap_______ ____
General cargo---------
252
670
162
590
367
1,236
Total........... .........
1,327
2,355
6.1
22.8
.67
.43
L in e No. 3
Total, 28 ships................
43,802 1,670.9
26.2
31.0
Ships w ith m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (March).
No. 2 (April)__
2,182
2,164
63.0
52.8
34.6
41.0
25.5
31.2
116
GENERAL TABLES
3.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LA BO R COST IN H A N D L IN G CARGO IN
FO R E IG N T R A D E —Continued
T a b le
Discharging cargo: Orient— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve
Long Reve per Long Reve
nue gang tons nue ton nue
tons tons
ton
tons
Ships w ith m inim um efficiency
L in e
N o. 3—Continued
No. 3 (November)______________
No. 4 (November)______________
1,628
1,172
20.8
78.1
56.7
20.7
35.5
34.7
0.59
.60
$1.53
1.50
0,85
.85
$1.00
1.06
Ships w ith average efficiency
No. 5 (January)_________________
No. 6 (April)___________________
1,060
1,224
56.5
56.4
18.8
21.7
22.1
25.4
Loading cargo: Orient
L in e
N o. 4
Total, 14 ships................................ 44,619
Flour i....................................... 14,675
Tobacco....................... ............ 6,264
Automobiles and machinery. __ 1,374
General cargo........................... 22,306
61,686 1,686.3
26.5
36.6
20.8
1.28
1.76 $0.70
$0.51
366.2
257.3
87.7
975.1
40.1
24.3
15.7
22.9
44.9
27.1
48.8
34.9
20.1
20.6
20.6
21.0
1.99
1.18
.76
1.09
2.23
1.32
2.37
.45
.76
1.18
.83
.40
$0.38
.40
.35
.52
16,437
6,982
4,281
33,986
1.66
.68
.38
.54
S hips w ith m axim um efficiency
. 1 (June):
Flour......................................... 1,000
Canned goods........................
446
Automobiles and machinery. _.
128
General cargo........................... 1,148
1,128
525
483
1,524
22.6 44.2
12.2 36.6
9.0
36.4
14.2
31.5
50.0
43.0
53.7
41.9
24.0
1.31
2.38 $0.43
.47
2.26
1.32
1.74
.69
Total...................................... 2,722
3,660
80.2
33.9
45.6
22.1
1.54
2.07
.58
.43
. 2 (April):
Flour......................................... 1,350
Tobacco....................................
530
Automobiles and machinery. __
336
General cargo........................... 1,540
1,500
590
833
2,735
27.3
26.1
16.7
64.0
49.5
20.3
55.9
20.1
22.6
24.0
49.9
42.7
20.0 2.47
21.0 .97
21.0 .96
21.0 1.15
2.75
1.07
2.36
2.03
.36
.93
.94
.78
.33
.84
.38
.44
Total...................................... 3,756
5,658
134.1
28.0
42.2
20.1
2.11
.65
.43
1.88 $0.54
21.0
19.0
21.0
2.11
1.92
.68 2.56
1.39
S h ip s w ith m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (December):
Flour.........................................
760
Tobacco....................................
363
Cotton goods............................
160
General cargo............................ 2,240
855
405
334
3,306
12.8
110.4
22.3
12.5
20.3
37.5
24.9
26.1
30.0
24.0
21.0
.52
.97
1.24
1.09
1.43
.81
1.73
.93
$0.48
.73
.83
.63
Total...................................... 3,523
4,900
162.3
21.7
30.2
20.9
1.03
1.44
.87
.63
1,688
43.2
25.1
34.7
9.2
20.0
56.2
21.7
39.1
15.3
31.6
35.3
18.0
24.0
24.0
1.74
.51
1.19
.90
1.95
.85
1.31
1.47
.52
1.76
.76
1.00
.46
1.06
.69
.61
145.5
24.4
32.4
21.8
1.12
1.49
.80
.60
No. 4 (October):
Flour......................................... 1,500
Apples.......................................
230
Tobacco....................................
600
General cargo................. ......... 1,220
Total...................................... 3,550
* All flour loaded at mill.
384
663
1,985
4,720
22.8 33.3
16.3
21.0 28.6
20.0 1.67
20.0 1.11
117
SEATTLE (1926)
T a b le
2.—PR ODU CTION OF LABO R A N D LABO R COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FO REIGN TR AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Orient— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Reve
nue
tons
Long
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue ton nue
tons tons gang tons tons
ton
S hips w ith average efficiency
L ine N o. 4—Continued
No. 5 (July):
Flour..................................... . 2,210
Canned goods......................... 220
Tobacco................................. .
756
General cargo...........................
735
2,475
243
845
1,259
62.6
3.4
24.1
46.2
35.3
64.7
31.4
15.9
39.5
71.5
35.1
27.3
20.0 1.77
21.0 3.08
21.0 1.49
21.0 .76
Total...................................... 3,921
4,822
136.3
28.8
35.4
20.5
1.40
1.72
.64
.52
No. 6 (August):
Flour....................................... - 1,400
Tobacco....................................
830
General cargo............ — ........ 1,090
1,574
928
1,457
37.5
32.3
37.4
37.3
25.7
29.1
42.0
28.7
39.0
20.0 1.87
20.0 1.28
22.0 1.32
2.10
.48
.70
.68
.43
.63
.51
Total.................................. — 3,320
3,959
107.2
31.0
36.9
20.7
1.50
1.78
.60
.51
26.8
22.9
1.98 $0.51
.29
3.40
.60
1.67
1.30 1.18
1.44
1.77
$0.45
.26
.54
.69
L ine No. 5
Total, 29 ships__________________
116,099 4,333.9
1.17
$0.77
1.52
1.54
$0.59
.58
0.85
.81
$1.01
1.16
1.13
$0.80
* .74
S h ip s w ith m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (January)_________________
No. 2 (March).............. .................
6,205
5,028
202.5
170.5
30.6
29.5
20.2
19.2
Sh ip s w ith m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (October)............ .......... ......
No. 4 (December) ...........................
3,000
2,328
21.8
137.6
114.7
20.3
25.5
25.1
Sh ip s w ith average efficiency
No. 5 (August)_____ ______ _____
No. 6 (November)..........................
T a b l e 3 . — PR O D U C TIV ITY
3,383
3,760
121.4
136.7
27.9
27.5
24.7
1.22
22.6
OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN HANDLING CARGO IN
IN TERCOASTAL TR AD E
Discharging cargo
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve
per Long Reve Long Reve
nue gang
nue ton nue
tons tons*
tons tons
1
ton 1
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Total, 22 ships................................ 19,396
21,723
887.5
21.9
24.5
16.5
1.32
1.48 $0.68
Tin plate............................... . 8,833
Steel.......................................... 6,088
General cargo........................... 4,475
9,894
6,818
5,011
269.0
276.0
342.5
32.8
36.8
24.7
14.6
17.0
13.0
19.0
1.93
1.69
.69
2.16
1.90
.77
L in e N o.
6
1 Short tons.
22.1
13.1
.47
.53
1.30
$0.61
.42
.47
1.17
118
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 3 .—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING
IN TER C O A STA L T R A D E —Continued
CARGO IN
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons 1
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long nue Long Reve
nue gang
nue
tons tons t o n 1 ton
tons tons
1
1
S h ip s w ith m axim um efficiency
L in e N o . 6— Continued
No. 1 (February):
T in plate___________________
Pipe...........................................
113
260
1,246
281
27.5
8.0
40.4
31.3
45.3
35.1
Total_____________________ 1,363
1,527
35.5
38.4
43.0
616
15.5
35.5
39.7
No. 2 (March): Tinplate________
660
17.0
13.0
$0.34
.33
2.38
2.41
2.67 $0.38
2.70
.37
16.1
2.38
2.67
.38
.34
17.0
2.09
2.34
.43
.38
2.52 $0.40
.42 2.43
$0.36
2.14
S hips w ith m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (May):
Steel..........................................
General cargo_______________
?,63
133
295
148
9.0
17.5
29.3
7.6
32.8
8.5
13.0
20.0
2.25
.37
Total_____________________
396
443
26.5
14.9
16.7
17.6
.85
.95
1.06
.95
No. 4 (December):
Steel,______________ ____ ___
General cargo_______________
267
174
299
195
13.5
20.0
19.7
8.7
22.1
9.8
13.0
20.0
1.52
.44
1.70
.49
.59
2.05
.53
1.84
Total_____________________
441
494
33.5
13.2
14.7
17.2
.77
.86
1.17
1.05
S h ip s w ith average efficiency
No. 5 (January):
Steel..........................................
General cargo_______________
341
96
382
108
13.0
8*5
26.2
11.3
29.4
12.7
13.0
21.0
2.02
.60
2.26 $0.40
.67 1.50
$0.34
1.39
Total_____________________
437
490
21.5
20.3
22.8
15.4
1.32
1.48
.68
.61
No. 6 (September):
T in plate___________________
Steel..........................................
General cargo_______________
372
203
157
417
227
176
11.0
9.0
14.5
33.8
22.5
10.8
37.9
25.2
12.1
17.0
13.0
19.0
1.99
1.73
.57
2.23
1.94
.64
.45
.52
1.58
.40
.46
1.41
Total____ ________________
732
820
34.5
21.2
23.8
16.8
1.26
1.42
.71
.63
Total, 8 ships.......................... ........ 5,353
5,996
432.0
12.4
13.9
15.4
0.81
0.90 $1.11
$1.00
No. 1 (February)....................... . .
No. 2 (April)............................ ......
No. 3 (M ay)___________________
No. 4 (July).....................................
No. 5 (August)_______________
593
1,242
1,017
717
409
309
1,104
605
38.8
63.5
55.0
22.8
28.8
102.5
32.0
13.6
12.5
14.3
11.6
16.0
9.6
9.6
16.9
15.3
14.0
16.0
13.0
17.9
10.7
10.8
18.9
16.8
15.6
15.6
14.5
16.7
16.7
13.6
17.4
.81
.80
.92
.81
.96
.48
.71
.97
40,028 1,999.1
17.9
20.0
22.6
0.79
L in e N o . 7
No. 6 (October)..............................
No. 7 (November)..........................
No. 8 (December)____________
529
1,109
908
640
365
276
986
540
88.6
.91
.90
1.03
.90
1.08
.64
.79
1.09
1.1 1
1.13
.98
1.11
.94
1.88
1.27
.93
.99
1.00
.83
1.01
.80
1.47
1.14
.83
0.89 $1.14
$1.01
1.10 $0.92
1.11
.91
$0.82
.81
0.53 $1.91
.68 1.48
$1.70
1.32
L in e N o . 8
Total, 30 ships_______________ __ 35,740
Ships w ith m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (March) __
No. 2 (October).
1,317
. 1,059
1,475
1,186
70.8
45.0
18.6
23.5
20.8
26.4
18.9
23.7
0.98
.99
S hips w ith m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (M ay).
No. 4 (M ay).
* Short tons.
. 1,022
979
1,145
1,096
103.3
73.6
9.9
13.3
11.1
14.9
20.9
22.0
0.47
.61
119
SEATTLE (1926)
T a b l e 3 .— P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
IN TER C O A STA L TRAD E—Continued
Discharging cargo—Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons *
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
age
gang-hour
per—
num
Gangber
of
hours
men
per Long Reve Long Reve
Long Reve
nue gang tons nue ton nue
tons tons*
ton i
tons 1
S h ip s w ith average efficiency
L in e N o.
8—Continued
i
No. 5 (February)..................... .
No. 6 (July).............................. .
. 1,003
793
53.8
42.0
18.7
18.9
21.1
20.9
23.5
23.9
0.80
.79
0.89 $1.13
.89 1.14
$1.01
l. 01
19,472 1,226.0
14.2
15.9
18.6
0.76
0.85 $1.18
$1.06
1.07 $0.94
.98 1.02
$0.84
.92
0.73 $1.38
.69 1.45
$1.23
1.30
1,123
888
L in e N o. 9
Total, 29 ships...........................
. 17,384
Sh ip s w ith m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (February)............................
No. 2 (July)___ ________________
398
887
446
994
24.5
50.5
16.2
17.6
18.2
19.7
17.0
20.0
0.96
.88
S hips w ith m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (October)..............................
No. 4 (December)...........................
479
558
537
625
41.0
50.0
11.7
11.2
13.1
12.5
18.0
18.0
0.65
.62
S h ip s w ith average efficiency
No. 5 (September)........No. 6 (September)--------
452
622
30.0
40.5
15.1
15.4
16.9
17.2
20.0 0.75
20.0 .77
0.84 $1.20
.86 1.17
$1.07
1.05
16,058 1,310.6
10.9
12.3
17.0
0.72 $1.41
$1.25
0.96 $1.06
1.08
$0.94
.97
0.63 $1.61
.61 1.67
$1.43
1.48
0.64
.64
0.72 $1.41
.72 1.41
$1.25
1.25
20.0 1.00
1.12 $0.90
$0.80
1.39 $0.73
1.56
.65
$0165
.58
506
697
L in e N o . 10
Total, 21 ships.................
14,337
0.64
S h ip s w ith m axim um efficiency
No. 1_.
No. 2_.
627
702
664
43.2
42.0
14.5
14.0
16.3
15.7
17.0
17.0
0.85
Ships w ith m inim um efficiency
No. 3.............................................. .
No. 4....................... ........................
478
632
535
708
50.0
68.8
9.6
9.2
10.7
10.3
17.0
17.0
0.56
.54
S h ip s w ith average efficiency
No. 5................................................
No. 6............................................
771
655
864
734
71.0
60.2
10.9
10.9
12.2
12.2
17.0
17.0
L in e N o. 11
Total, 33 ships................................ 27,375
30,663 1,366.1
20.0 22.4
S hips w ith m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (April)...................................
349
No. 2 (October)............ ................. 1,198
1Short tons.
391
1,342
14.8
44.2
23.6
27.1
26.4
30.4
19.1
19.5
1.24
1.39
GENERAL TABLES
120
T a b l e 3.—P R O D U C T IV IT Y OP LABO R A N D LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
INTERCOASTAL TRADE—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons 1
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
age
man-hour
gang-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
per Long Reve
Long Reve
nue
nue gang tons nue Long
tons tons
1
tons 1 ton ton 1
S hips w ith m inim um efficiency
L in e N o .
11—Continued
No. 3 (M ay)................................ No. 4 (November)........................ -
289
841
324
942
20.0 14.5
59.2
14.2
16.2
15.9
19.3
21.7
0.84 $1.20
.73 1.38
$1.07
1.23
1.11 $0.91
.91
1.11
$0.81
.81
0.88 0.98 $1.02
$0.92
0.75
.65
S h ip s w ith average efficiency
No. 5 (July)............
No. 6 (September).
1,217
1,078
61.5
54.8
19.8
19.7
22.2
22.0
20.0 0.99
30,506 1,522.0
17.9
20.0
20.4
1,363
1,207
19.9
.99
L in e N o . 12
Total 27 ships..............
27,23",
S h ip s w ith m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (September):
Pier 1_________
Pier 1_________
Pier 2 (salmon).
Pier 3 (salmon).
Pier 4.................
Total.
No. 2 (November):
Pier 1 (salmon).
Pier 2 (salmon).
Total .
836
360
444
544
140
936
403
497
610
157
2,324
33.5
17.5
16.0
21.5
7.5
24.9
20.5
27.8
25.4
18.7
27.9
23.0
31.1
28.4
20.9
20.0
19.0
24.0
24.0
23.0
1.25
1.08
1.15
96.0
24.2
27.1
21.4
1.13
1.27
.80
.71
1.10
.81
1.40 $0.72
.83
1.29
.78
1.23
.82
.91
1.21
1.11
$0. 64
.74
.70
.73
253
227
283
255
8.0
9.0
31.6
25.3
35.4
28.3
20.0
20.0
1.58
1.27
1.77
1.42
.57
.71
.51
.63
480
538
17.0
28.2
31.6
20.0
1.41
1.58
.64
.57
0.59 $1.70
$1.53
S hips w ith m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (April): Pier 1____________
473
530
36.0
13.1
14.7
25.0
0.53
No. 4 (August):
Pier 1 (hemp)...........................
Pier 2______________________
156
252
175
282
9.0
21.5
17.3
11.7
19.4
13.1
21.0
22.0
.83
.54
.93
.60
1.08
1. 67
.97
1.50
Total_____________________
408
457
30.5
13.4
15.0
21.7
.62
.69
1.45
1.30
1.21 $0.83
Sh ip s w ith average efficiency
No. 5 (August):
Pier 1 (salmon)______________
Pier 2 (salmon)______________
Pier 3 (salmon)_____ ________
Pier 4___________________
589
577
519
450
660
646
581
504
32.0
34.0
25.0
33.5
18.4
17.0
20.7
13.4
20.6
19.0
23.2
15.0
20.0 .85
20.0 1.04
22.0 .61
Total ____________________ 2,135
2,391
124.5
17.1
19.2
19.8
20.0 14.6
37.0
17.6
25.0
24.5
19.7
16.3
27.4
20.0
82.0
19.0
21.2
21.6
No. 6 (December):
Pier 1 ..................................... .
Pier 2______________________
Pier 3 (salmon)______________
652
291
612
Total_____________________ 1,555
* Short tons.
730
326
686
1,742
17.0
22.0
23.0
.95
1.16
.68
1.06
.87
1.48
$0.74
.95
.78
1.32
.87
.97
1.03
.93
.80
.63
.90
.71
1.37
1.13
1.43
.74
1.00
1.22
.88
.98
1.02
.92
1.08
1.27
.66
SEATTLE (1926)
121
T a b l e 4.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OP LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
COASTWISE TRADE
Discharging cargo
Week ending—
Cargo
ton
nage
(rev
enue
tons!)
Out
put
per
Man- manhours hour
(rev
enue
tons1)
Labor
cost
per
rev
enue
ton 1
L in e N o. 13
Total, 149 ships—
L in e N o . 13—Con.
140,654 136,575
1.03
Jan. 14, 3 ships.
627
530
821
541
360
706
1.16
1.47
1.16
$0.78
.61
.78
Total___
1,978
1,607
1.23
.73
Jan. 7, 3 ships _
724
1,004
675
707
600
658
1.02
1.67
1.03
.54
.87
2,403
1,965
1.22
.74
Weeks w ith m inim um effi
ciency
Aug. 31, 3 ships.
2,040
754
1,848
2,275
693
2,055
0.90
1.09
.90
Total.......
4,642
5,023
.92
Sept. 21, 3 ships.
931
1,827
675
852
2,142
757
1.09
.85
3,751
.92
Total.......
$1.00
.83
1.00
.83
1.06
1.01
Weeks w ith average efficiency
1,483
542
461
1,378
Total....... .
2,444
2,381
1.03
.87
Apr. 14, 3 ships..
744
720
720
672
1,004
1 03
*787
2,500
2,396
1.04
June 30 3 ships.
Total....... .
1Short tons.
66490°—32------ 9
1.04
.86
1.08
1.07
1.03
Out
put
per
Man- manhours hour
(rev
enue
tons1)
Labor
cost
per
rev
enue
ton*
Other weeks
$0.87
Weeks w ith m axim um effi
ciency
Total___
Week ending-
Cargo
ton
nage
(rev
enue
tons *)
$0.87
1.05
.84
.87
.87
Jan. 21,3 sh ips...
Jan. 31,4 ships__
Feb. 7,3 ships___
Feb. 14, 3 ships...
Feb. 21, 3 ships...
Feb. 28, 2 ships...
Mar. 7, 3 ships__
Mar. 14, 3 ships. _
Mar. 21,3 ships._.
Mar. 31,5 ships. _
Apr. 7,3 ships___
Apr. 21, 3 ships.........
Apr. 30,4 ships...
M ay 7,2 ships___
M ay 14,3 ships...
M ay 21, 3 ships__
May 31,4 ships.........
June 7,3 ships—
June 14, 3 ships...
June 21,4 ships...
July 7, 3 ships----July 14, 3 ships...
July 21,3 ships...
July 31,4 ships. „
Aug. 7, 3 ships___
Aug. 14, 3 ships—
Aug. 21, 3 ships—
Sept. 7,3 sh ip s...
Sept. 14, 2 ships. .
Sept. 30,3 ships-_
Oct. 7,3 ships----Oct. 14,3 ships. __
Oct. 21,3 ships—_
Oct. 31,4 ships— _
Nov. 7,3 ships—Nov. 14, 3 ships—
Nov. 21, 3 ships__
Nov. 30, 4 ships__
Dec. 7, 3 ships___
Dec. 14, 2 snips...
Dec. 21, 2 ships—
Dec. 30,4 ships...
2,515
3,376
2,573
1,699
2,513
2,104
2,874
2,355
2,330
4,225
2,830
3,385
3,248
2,249
2,437
2,375
4,186
2,722
2,676
2,984
3,703
2,917
3,220
4,494
4,177
2,979
3,591
3,686
2,341
3,369
3,130
3,142
2,857
3,666
2,516
2,403
2,062
3,950
2,370
2,287
2,151
2,587
2,309
2,850
2,534
1,615
2,346
2,080
3,053
2,235
2,469
4,577
3,025
3,270
3,197
2,226
2,238
2,109
3,962
2,376
2,396
2,790
3,422
2,588
3,183
4,519
3,805
2,979
3,716
3,785
2,381
3,471
3,001
3,164
2,754
3,458
2,398
2,398
2,176
3,785
2,244
2,203
2,007
2,358
1.09
1.18
1.02
1.05
1.07
1.01
.94
1.05
.94
.92
.94
1.04
1.02
1.01
1.09
1.13
1.06
1.15
1.12
1.07
1.08
1.13
1.01
.99
1.10
1.00
.97
.97
.98
.97
1.04
.99
1.04
1.06
1.05
1.00
.95
1.04
1.06
1.04
1.07
1.10
$0.83
.76
.87
.86
.84
.89
.96
.86
.96
.98
.96
.87
.88
.89
.83
.80
.85
.78
.80
.84
.83
.80
.89
.91
.82
.90
.93
.93
.92
.93
.87
.91
.87
.85
.86
.90
.95
.87
.85
.87
.84
.82
GENERAL TABLES
1 22
T a b l e 4.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
COASTW ISE TR AD E —Continued
Loading cargo
Week ending—
Cargo
ton
nage
(rev
enue
tons 9
Out
put
per
Man- manhours hour
(rev
enue
tons*)
Labor
cost
per
rev
enue
toni
L in e N o. 14
Total, 109 ships__
L in e No. 14—Con.
170,906 113,497
1.51
2,418
1,211
286
667
1,410
548
1.92
1.82
1.71
$0.47
.49
.53
Total.......
4,177
2,363
1.77
.51
July 14, 2 ships.
1,747
895
936
604
1.87
1.48
.48
.61
Total.......
2,642
1,540
1.72
.52
Weeks w ith m inim um
ciency
Jan. 31, 2 ships..........
effi
799
2,314
536
2,096
1.49
1.10
$0.60
.82
Total________
3,113
2,632
1.18
.76
Feb. 14, 2 ships.........
863
2,619
537
2,164
1.61
1.21
.56
.74
Total...............
3,482
2,701
1.29
.70
Weeks w ith average efficiency
Oct. 14,2 ships...........
Total............ .
2,490
1,390
1,639
928
1.52
1.50
$0.59
.60
3,880
2,567
1.51
.60
Aug. 14, 2 ships.........
1,759
2,134
1,321
1,246
1.33
1.71
.53
Total...............
3,893
2,567
1.52
.59
1Short tons.
Out
put
per
Man- manhours hour
(rev
enue
tons1)
Labor
cost
per
rev
enue
ton 1
Other weeks
$0.60
Weeks w ith m axim um effi
ciency
M ay 21, 3 ships.
Week ending—
Cargo
ton
nage
(rev
enue
tons 0
.68
Jan. 7, 2 ships.
Jan. 14, 2 ships..
Jan. 21, 2 ships.
Feb. 7, 2 ships. .
Feb. 21, 3 ships.
Feb. 28, 2 ships.
Mar. 7,4 ships..
Mar. 14,1 ship_
Mar. 21, 3 ships.
Mar. 31, 3 ships.
Apr. 7, 3 ships..
Apr. 14, 2 ships.
Apr. 21, 3 ships.
Apr. 30, 3 ships.
May 7,1 ship...
May 14, 2 ships.
M ay 31, 2 ships.
June 7, 2 ships..
June 14, 2 ships.
June 21, 2 ships.
June 30, 3 ships.
July 7, 2 ships. .
July 21, 2 ships.
July 31, 3 ships.
Aug. 7, 2 ships—
Aug. 21, 2 ships.
Aug. 31, 3 ships.
Sept. 7, 2 ships.
Sept. 14, 2 ships.
Sept. 21, 1 ship..
Sept. 30, 4 ships.
Oct. 7, 2 ships. .
Oct. 21, 2 ships..
Oct. 31, 3 ships.
Nov. 7, 2 ships—
Nov. 14, 2 ships.
Nov. 21, 2 ships.
Nov. 30, 3 ships.
Dec. 7, 2 ships..
Dec. 14, 2 ships.
Dec. 21, 2 ships.
Dec. 31, 2 ships.
2,483
3,445
3,242
2,699
2,549
3,735
3,216
3,221
4,059
6,405
1,294
2,591
4.589
1,032
1,899
2,605
3,515
1,949
2,240
4,004
3,893
2,083
4,699
3,357
2,712
5,126
3,036
3.589
1,941
7,418
4,180
4,283
6,861
5,546
3,276
4,110
5,161
4,797
3,578
2,986
2,420
1,704
2,048
1,930
1,688
1,883
2,594
2,459
2,105
2,394
2,996
4,618
906
1,566
3,253
619
1,348
1,523
2,303
1,210
1,310
2,734
2,520
1,409
2,909
2,037
1,994
3,158
2,094
2,506
1,298
5,249
2,979
2,783
4,246
3,803
2,071
2,755
3,406
2,963
2,356
1,924
1,476
1.46
1.68
1.68
1.60
1.35
1.44
1.58
1.53
1.35
1.35
1.39
1.43
1.65
1.41
1.67
1.41
1.71
1.53
1.61
1.71
1.46
1.54
1.48
1.62
1.65
1.36
1.62
1.45
1.43
1.50
1.41
1.40
1.54
1.62
1.46
1.58
1.49
1.52
1.62
1.52
1.55
1.64
$0.62
.54
.54
.56
.67
.63
.57
.59
.67
.67
.65
.63
.55
.64
.54
.64
.53
.59
.56
.53
.62
.58
.61
.56
.55
.66
.56
.62
.63
.60
.64
.64
.58
.56
.62
.57
.60
.59
.56
.59
.58
.55
123
SEATTLE (1926)
T a b l e 5 .— PR O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES
Discharging cargo
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Line No. 15:
Total, 7 ships............................ 2,055
2,292
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve per Long Reve
nue Long
nue
nue
ton ton
tons tons* gang tons tons1
1
C o ffe e
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5
No. 6
No. 7
(September)...................
(October).......................
(November)___________
(December)....................
(January).......................
(February).....................
(March).........................
238
231
281
332
270
351
352
79.5 825.8
28.8
24.9
1.04
1.16 $0.87
7.5
11.0
11.7
13.3
11.0
12.0
13.0
31.6
21.0
24.0
25.0
24.6
29.2
27.1
35.5
23.5
26.9
28.0
27.5
31.9
30.3
21.6
20.0
24.5
25.0
20.0
31.6
29.4
1.46
1.04
.97
1.00
1.25
.93
.92
1.64
1.17
1.09
1.12
1.40
1.01
1.03
.62
.87
.93
.90
.72
.97
.98
.55
.77
.83
.80
.64
.89
.87
64,868 1,962.1
29.5
33.1
19.0
1.55
1.74 $0.58
$0.52
2.46 $0.41
.49
2.06
$0.37
.44
1.48 $0.68
.69
1.45
$0.61
.62
1.77 $0.57
1.75
.58
$0.51
.51
266
259
315
372
303
383
394
$0.78
Sa lm o n
Line No. 16:
Total, 19 ships.......................... 57,915
S hips w ith m axim um efficiency
No. l_
No. 2-.
4,954
5,331
5,549
5,971
118.5
152.6
41.8
34.9
46.8
39.1
19.0
19.0
2.20
1.84
S h ip s w ith m inim um efficiency
No. 3„
No. 4.
3,999
10,138
4,479
11,355
159.3
410.9
25.1
24.7
28.1
27.6
19.0
19.0
1.32
1.30
S hip s w ith average efficiency
No. 5......................................... 2,808
No. 6__.....................................
645
3,145
723
93.5
21.8
Line No. 17:
Total, 25 ships.......................... 24,160 827,062
122.6
33.6
33.2
19.0
19.0
1.58
1.56
19.7 222.1
13.0
1.52 21.70 $0.59 2$0.53
30.0
29.6
S t e e l P ipe , etc .
Sh ip s w ith m axim um efficiency
No. 1......................................... 1,195
No. 2.........................................
722
21,338
2 809
54.3
29.2
22.0 824.6
24.7 827.7
13.0
13.0
1.69 81.90 $0.53 2$0.47
1.90 22.13
•47 2.42
Ships w ith m inim um efficiency
No. 3.........................................
No. 4.........................................
662
579
2742
2648
39.4
35.2
16.8 218.8
16.4 218.4
13.0
13.0
1.29 21.45 $0.70 2$0.62
1.27 21.42
.71
2.63
Ship s w ith average efficiency
No. 5.........................................
609
No. 6......................................... 1,036
2682
21,160
30.8
53.3
19.8 222.1
19.4 221.8
i Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
13.0
13.0
1.52 21.70 $0.59 2$0.53
1.50 21.67
.60
2.54
2Short tons.
124
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 5.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN HA N D L IN G INDIVIDUAL
C O M M O D ITIE S—C ontinued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons*
Line No. 18:
Total, 20 ships.......................... 16,207
18,156
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
nue
tons tons*
tons tons*
ton toni
I r o n a n d St e e l a
878.0
18.5
20.7
13.0
1.42
1.59 $0.63
$0.57
2.38 $0.42
2.08
.48
$0.38
.43
1.28 $0.79
1.24
.81
$0.70
.72
1.60 $0.63
1.59
.63
$0.56
.57
S hip s w ith m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (September)...................
No. 2 (April)............................
879
658
985
737
31.8
27.3
27.6
24.1
31.0
27.0
13.0
13.0
2.13
1.86
S h ip s w ith m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (November).
No. 4 (October)___
655
1,139
734
1,276
44.2
79.1
14.8
14.4
16.6
16.1
13.0
13.0
1.14
1.11
S h ip s w ith average efficiency
No. 5 (June)...
No. 6 (March).
1,584
1,584
1,774
1,774
85.4
85.8
23,372 226,179
741.0
20.8
20.7
13.0
13.0
1.43
1.42
31.5 235.3
17.0
1.86 22.08 $0.48 2$0.43
18.5
18.5
T in P l a t e
Line No. 19:
Total, 20 ships.........
S hips w ith m axim um efficiency
No. 1.
No. 2.
542
1,432
2607
21,604
13.7
37.5
39.6 244.3
38.2 242.8
17.0
17.0
2.30 22.60 $0.39 2$0.35
2.20 22.50
.41
2.36
S h ip s w ith m inim um efficiency
984 21,102
2 723
645
No. 3..
No. 4.
40.0
27.7
24.6 227.6
23.3 226.1
17.0
17.0
1.40 21.60 $0.64 2$0.56
.64
1.40 21.50
2.60
S hips w ith average efficiency
No. 5.
No. 6.
1,124 21,259
1,527 21,710
36.0
50.2
31.2 235.0
30.4 234.1
17.0
17.0
1.80 22.10 $0.50 3$0.43
2.45
1.80 22.00
.50
19.0
1.42
Loading cargo
A pples
Line No. 20:
Total, 22 ships.......................... 28,157
31,537 1,040.5
27.1
30.3
1.60 $0.63
$0.56
1.99 $0.51
.57
1.77
$0.45
.51
S hip s w ith m axim um efficiency
715
No. 1.........................................
No. 2_____ _________________ 2,674
801
2,995
i Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
21.2
89.0
33.7
30.0
37.8
33.7
2Short tons.
19.0
19.0
1.78
1.58
8 Discharged directly to cars.
125
SEATTLE (1926)
T a b l e S .—PR O D U C TIV IT Y
OF LABO
R AN D L
A BO R C<
COST IN H ANDLIN G INDIVIDUAL
BOR
LABO
M M O D ITIE S—Contim
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons*
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
A p ples —Continued
Line No. 20.—Continued.
No. 3 _ _ ...................................
No. 4 . . .....................................
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve per Long Reve Long Reve
nue gang tons nue ton nue
tons tonsi
tons*
ton*
784
535
878
599
34.9
25.2
22.5
21.2
25.2
23.8
19.0
19.0
1.18
1.12
1.32 $0.76
1.25
.80
$0.68
.72
1.57 $0.64
1.64
.62
$0.57
.55
Ships with average efficiency
802
422
898
473
30.2
15.2
Line No. 21:
Total, 20 ships.......................... 10,432 211,685
410.3
No. 5 ._ .....................................
No. 6 . . . ..........................................
29.7
31.1
19.0
19.0
1.40
1.46
25.4 2 28.5
19.0
1.34 2 1.50 $0.67 «$0.60
26.6
27.8
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (February).
No. 2— ...............
406
857
2455
2960
12.8
27.3
31.7 2 35.5
31.4 2 35.2
19.0
19.0
1.67 2 1.87 $0.54 2$0.48
1.65 21.85
.55 2.49
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (November).
No. 4 (November).
401
355
2 449
2398
24.1
20.3
16.6 2 18.6
17.5 2 19.6
19.0
19.0
0.88 20.98 $1.02 2$0.92
.92 2 1.03
.98 2.87
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (November) _
No. 6 (September) .
2 250
2 694
8.8
24.6
25.3 228.4
25.2 2 28.2
19.0
19.0
1.33 21.50 $0.68 2$0.60
1.33 21.48
.68 2. 6I
3,787 24,243
166.7
22.7 225.5
19.0
1.20 21.34 $0.75 2$0.67
223
620
C a.n n ed G oods
Line No. 22:
Total, 11 ships.
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (August) .
No. 2 (August).
261
728
2 292
2 815
7.5
27.9
34.8 238.9
26.1 229.2
19.0
19.0
1.83 22.05 $0.49 2$0.44
1.37 21.54
.66
2.58
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (February)__
No. 4 (September).
90
238
2 101
2 267
5.0
12.8
18.0 220.2
18.6 220.9
19.0
19.0
.95 21.06 $0.95 2$0.85
.92 2.82
.98 21.10
Ships with average efficiency
661
262
2 740
2294
29.1
11.5
Line No. 23:
Total, 17 ships.......................... 7,873
8,820
388.0
No. 5 (March)..........................
No. 6 (October)...................... .
22.7 225.4
22.8 225.6
19.0
19.0
1.20 21.34 $0.75 2$0.67
1.20 21.35
.75 2.67
20.3
19.0
1.07
i Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
22.7
1.20 $0.84
2 Short tons.
$0.75
126
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 5 .— P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABO R COST IN H AN DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
C OM M O DITIES—C on tinued
Loading cargo—Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Ships with m axim um efficiency
C a n n e d G oods— Continued
Line No. 2&—Continued.
No. 1.......................................
No. 2.......................................
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue Long
nue
nue
ton ton1
tons tons1 gang tons tons1
532
431
596
483
23.0
16.5
23.1
26.1
25.9
29.3
19.0
19.0
1.22
1.37
1.36 $0.74
1.54
.66
$0.66
.58
0.92 $1.10
1.00 1.00
$0.98
.90
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
281
468
No. 3..
No. 4..
315
524
18.0
27.5
15.6
17.0
17.5
19.1
19.0
19.0
0.82
.90
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5_„
No. 6 -
649
867
727
971
32.0
42.5
20.3
20.4
22.7
22.8
19.0
19.0
1.07
1.07
1.20 $0.84
1.20
.84
$0.75
.75
10,055
11,262
403.1
24.9
27.9
21.0
1.19
1.33 $0.76
$0.68
2.00 $0.50
1.87
.54
$0.45
.48
0.69 $1.45
.83 1.22
$1.30
1.08
Flour*
Line No. 24:
Total, 13 ships___
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (October)___
No. 2 (December)..
530
760
594
851
12.2
20.0
43.4
38.0
48.6
42.6
24.3
22.5
1.79
1.67
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (June).
No. 4 (June).
1,030
612
1,154
685
94.9
45.6
10.9
13.4
12.2
15.0
17.4
18.2
0.62
.74
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (November)No. 6 (October)___
650
640
728
717
25.4
29.5
25.6
21.7
28.7
24.3
20.8
21.4
1.23
1.02
1.38 $0.73
1.14
.88
$0.65
.79
17,750 1,442.4
7.7
12.3
13.0
.59
.95 $1.53
$0.95
L um ber
Line No. 25:
Total, 9 ships........
No. 1 (March)—
Bellingham..
Tacoma.........
Ludlow.........
Total .
No. 2 (May)—
Bellingham.
Seattle.........
Tacoma.......
Total.
No. 3 (September)Aberdeen_____
Port Angeles—
Mukilteo_____
Total.
.11,094
261
1,208
970
418
1,932
1,552
35.0
53.3
53.6
7.5
22.7
18.1
11.9
36.3
29.0
13.0
13.7
13.0
.57
1.64
1.39
.92
2.64
2,23
1.58
.55
.65
.98
.34
.40
. 2,439
3,902
141.9
17.2
27.5
13.3
1.29
2.07
.70
.43
875
284
1,015
1,400
454
1,624
83.5
30.0
115.0
10.5
9.5
8.8
16.8
15.1
14.1
12.6
13.0
13.0
.83
.73
.68
1.33
1.16
1.09
1.08
1.23
1.32
.68
.78
.83
. 2,174
3,478
228.5
9.5
15.2
12.9
.74
1.18
1.22
.83
844
409
369
1,350
654
590
146.0
87.0
53.5
5.8
4.7
6.9
9.2
7.5
11.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
.44
.36
.53
.71
.58
.85
2.05
2.50
1.70
1.27
1.55
1.06
. 1,622
2,594
286.5
5.7
9.1
13.0
.44
.70
2.05
1.29
1 Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
* Loaded at mill.
127
SEATTLE (1926)
T a b l e 5 .— PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LA BO R A N D LABO R COST IN H A N D LIN G INDIVIDU AL
CO M M O D ITIE S—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
L u m ber— Continued
Line No. 25—Continued.
No. 4 (October)—
Seattle.......................
Aberdeen...................
TotalNo. 5 (November)—
Seattle...............
Tacoma................
TotalNo. 6 (November)—
Tacoma...............
Port Angeles.......
TotalNo. 7 (December)—
Mukilteo- ..........
Everett.-a..........
Total-
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men Long Reve Long ReveLong Reve
per
nue
nue
enue
tons tons1
gang tons1 tons ton ton1
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
63
849
100
1,359
8.5
138.5
7.4
6.1
11.8
9.8
13.0
13.0
0.57
.47
912
1,459
147.0
6.2
9.9
13.0
.48
.76
1.88
1.18
94
87
150
140
19.0
16.5
4.9
5.3
7.9
8.5
13.0
13.0
.39
.41
.62
.66
2.31
2.20
1.45
1.36
181
290
35.5
5.1
8.2
13.0
.40
.64
2.25
1.41
255
390
409
624
45.5
67.0
5.6
5.8
9.0
9.3
12.9
13.1
.43
.44
.69
.71
2.09
2.05
1.30
1.27
645
1,033
112.5
5.7
9.2
13.0
.44
.70
2.05
1.29
647
1,069
1,035
1,710
108.0
144.5
6.0
7.4
9.6
11.8
13.0
13.0
.46
.57
.73
.91
1.96
1.58
1.23
.99
0.92 $1.58 $0 .98
.76 1.91
1.18
1,716
2,745
252.5
6.8
10.9
13.0
.52
.84
1.73
1.07
No. 8 (January)—
Bellingham...
Port Angeles..
450
526
720
842
62.0
97.0
7.3
5.4
11.6
8.7
13.0
13.0
.56
.42
.90
.67
1.61
2.14
1.00
1.34
Total---------
976
1,562
159.0
6.1
9.8
13.0
.47
.75
1.91
1.20
58
371
93
594
10.0
69.0
5.8
5.4
9.3
8.6
13.0
13.0
.45
.41
.72
.66
2.00
2.20
1.25
1.36
429
687
79.0
5.4
8.7
13.0
.42
.67
2.14
1.34
58,848 4,929.1
7.5
11.9
13.0
0.57
0.92 $1.58
$0.98
1.23 $1.17
1.25 1.15
$0.73
.72
0.70 $2.05
.72 2.00
$1.29
1.25
0.87 $1.67
1.07 1.34
.64 2.25
$1.03
.84
1.41
No. 9 (February)—
Seattle...........—
Mukilteo...........
TotalLine No. 26:
Total, 37 ships.
36,780
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June), Seattle..
No. 2 (July), Everett..
281
477
450
763
28.2
46.9
10.0
10.2
15.9
16.3
13.0 0.77
13.0. .78
Ships w ith m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (May), Everett..............
No. 4 (November), Seattle___
519
230
830
367
90.8
39.2
5.7
5.9
9.1
9.4
13.0
13.0
0.44
.45
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January)—
Seattle....... ........................
Everett...............................
Seattle.............................. .
466
584
128
746
934
204
66.2
67.2
24.7
7.0
8.7
5.2
11.3
13.9
8.3
13.0
13.0
13.0
0.54
.67
.40
T o ta l-............................ 1,178
1,884
158.1
7.4
11.9
13.0
.57
.92
1.58
.98
394
287
634
631
459
1,015
63.3
30.9
81.0
6.2
9.3
7.8
10.0
14.8
12.5
13.0
13.0
13.0
.48
.71
.60
.77
1.14
.96
1.88
1.27
1.50
1.17
.79
.94
Total.............................. 1,315
2,104
175.2
7.5
12.0
13.0
.58
.92
1.55
.98
No. 6 (December)—
Seattle.............................. .
Seattle................................
Everett............................. .
i Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
128
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 5 .— P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LA BO R COST IN H A N DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Reve
nue
tons*
Long
tons
Output per Aver
gang-hour
age
num
Gangber
of
hours
men
Long Reve per
nue gang
tons tons*
Output per
man-hour
Average
labor cost
per—
Reve
Long Reve
nue Long
nue
tons tons*
ton ton
i
Lu m ber— Continued
Line No. 27: *
Total, 18 ships.................
39,018 2,285.9
17.1
16.3
1.05
$0.86
iI
10.25
1.23
$0.72
.73
1
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (No vember-D ecember).
No. 2 (October)......................
2,195
2,194
111.0
118.5
19.8
18.5
15.8
15.1
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (April)— .
No. 4 (January) .
2,317
2,074
144.0
139.5
16.1
14.9
18.5
15.6
0.87
$1.03
.94
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (June-July)..
No. 6 (July)..........
18.9
17.7
18.0
16.9
1.05
1.05
$0.86
42,067 1,942.3 ......... 21.7
22.4
0.97
$0.93
1.06
1.02
$0.85
0.87
$1.03
1.01
0.98
.96
$0.92
.94
1/45 $0.70
$0.62
1.74 $0.58
2.14
.47
$0.52
.42
1.13 $0.89
1.24
.81
$0.80
.73
1.41 $0.71
.71
1.42
$0.64
.63
2,156
2,148
Line No. 28:5
Total, 10 ships.
114.0
121.5
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (November)No, 2 (August).......
4,136
4,267
166.5
162.0
24.8
26.3
23.4
25.8
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (M ay)...........
No. 4 (September) .
4,245
4,100
216.0
225.8
19.7
18.2
22.7
20.5
Ships w ith average efficiency
No. 5 (July)..........
No. 6 (December) -
4,254
4,180
134.0
241.5
11,802
428.3
31.8
17.3
32.4
18.1
27.6
19.0
Sa lm o n
Line No. 29:
Total, 20 ships___
. 10,538
24.6
1.29
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1.........................................
No. 2.........................................
296
1,699
331
1,903
10.0
46.8
29.6
36.3
33.1
40.7
19.0
19.0
1.56
1.91
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
404
316
No. 3.
No. 4-
452
354
21.0
15.0
19.2
21.1
21.5
23.6
19.0
19.0
1.01
1.11
Ships with average efficiency
444
567
No. 5.
No. 6.
497
635
18.5
23.5
24.0
24.1
i Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
26.9
27.0
19.0
19.0
1.26
1.27
6 Puget Sound ports.
Tacoma (1926)
T a b l e 6 . - -PRODU OTIVITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLING CARGO, B Y
KIN D OF T R A D E A N D IN D IV ID U A L COM M ODITIES
Cargo tonnage
Operation, line number, and
commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Output per Aver Output per
gang-hour age
man-hour
labor cost
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
nue
tons tons1
tons tons1
ton ton
'
Intercoastal trade 3
Discharging cargo: No. 1_
Loading cargo: No. 2____
2,030 32,272
12,150 3 13,609
146.0
733.0
13.9 *15.6
16.6 318.6
18.0
19.1
0.77 30.86 $1.17 3$1.05
.87 3.97 1.03 3.93
Individual commodities *
Discharging cargo—Ore: No. 3„
Loading cargo:
Box shooks—
No. 4.............................
No. 5..............................
Copper—
No. 6—..........................
No. 7..............................
Doors, No. 8........................
Flour (via chute), No. 9___
Flour (ship’s gear), No. 10- _
Lumber—
No. 11............................
No. 12............................
No. 13............................
Wheat (via chute), No. 14__
29,923
29,923 1,236.6
24.2
24.2
12.2
1.99
1.99 $0.45
4,206 34,711
6,342 37,102
306.8
520.4
13.7 315.4
12.2 313.6
17.0
17.4
.81
.70
3.90
3.79
1.11 3 1.00
1.29 3 1.14
5,641 3 6,318
22,425 325,114
5,104 3 5,717
14,071 315,760
24,250 327,160
194.5
886.8
368.0
313.6
736.8
29.0
25.3
13.9
44.9
32.9
32.5
328.3
315.5
350.3
336.8
13.0
13.1
19.4
15.0
21.0
2.23
1.93
.71
3.00
1.57
32.50
32.16
3.80
33.35
*1.76
.40 3.36
.47 3.42
1.27 3 1.13
.30 3.27
.57 3.51
39,890 3,058.6
92,742 9,216.9
86,236 9,080.8
199.2
13,067 314,635
8.4
6.3
13.0
10.1
9.5
65.6 373.5
13.0
12.0
12.0
15.0
.64
.52
1.00
.84
.79
34.90
1.41
1.73
25,551
57,964
3
" O
f
.2 1
1 Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
3 Wage rate: 90 cents per hour.
3 Short tons.
$0.45
129
.90
1.07
1.14
3.18
130
T a b le
GENERAL TABLES
7.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H A N D L IN G CARGO IN
INTERCOASTAL TRADE
Discharging cargo
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Total, 12 ships................................ 2,030
2,272
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue Long
nue
nue gang
tons tons1
ton ton
tons tons1
1
L ine No. 1
146.0
13.9
15.6
18.0
0.77
0.86 $1.17
$1.05
1.06 $0.96
1.11
.91
$0.85
.81
0.69 $1.45
.70 1.45
$1.30
1.29
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June)................................ .
No. 2 (July)............. ......................
278
177
311
198
15.5
10.5
17.9
16.9
20.1
18.9
19.0
17.0
0.94
.99
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (June)___
No. 4 (August)..
217
106
243
119
19.5
9.5
11.1
11.2
12.5
12.5
18.0
18.0
0.62
.62
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (M ay)...................................
No. 6 (July)
_________________
211
163
236
183
16.0
11.0
13.2
14.8
14.8
16.6
18.0
19.0
0.73
.78
0.82 $1.23
.88 1.15
$1.10
1.02
19.1
0.87
0.97 $1.03
$0.93
2.61 $0.39
1.72
.59
$0.34
.52
0.72 $1.38
.73 1.38
$1.25
1.23
0.92 $1.10
.94 1.07
$0.98
.96
Loading cargo
Lin e No. 2
Total, 18 ships................................ 12,150
13,609
733.0
16.6
18.6
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (July)___
No. 2 (October).
647
824
725
923
18.5
30.0
35.0
27.5
39.2
30.8
15.0
17.9
2.33
1.53
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (June).
No. 4 (July)..
221
546
247
611
15.5
45.5
14.3
12.0
15.9
13.4
22.0
18.5
0.65
.65
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March).
No. 6 (July)___
i Short tons.
1,379
240
1,545
269
80.5
13.0
17.1
18.5
19.2
20.7
21.0
22.0
0.82
.84
131
TACOMA (1926)
T a b le 8.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OP LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN HANDLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COM M ODITIES
Discharging cargo
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue
nue Long
nue
ton ton1
tons
gang
tons tons1
tons1
tons1
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
O re
Line No. 3:
Total, 15 ships____ ____ _____ 29,923
29,923 1,236.6
24.2
24.2
12.2
1.99
1.99 $0.45
$0.45
2.42 $0.37
.32
2.79
$0.37
.32
1.71 $0.53
1.55
.58
$0.53
.58
2.03 $0.44
1.92
.47
$0.44
.47
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January)—.....................
925
No. 2 (October)................. ...... 1,339
925
1,339
35.0
40.0
26.4
33.5
26.4
33.5
11.0
12.0
2.42
2.79
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (March).......................... 5,016
No. 4 (N ovem ber).......... ...... 1,132
5,016
1,132
240.0
60.6
20.9
18.7
20.9
18.7
12.2
12.0
1.71
1.55
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (M ay)____________
1,613
No. 6 (December)----------------- 1,897
1,613
1,897
66.3
82.0
24.3
23.1
12.0
12.0
2.03
1.92
13.7 215.4
17.0
0.81 20.90 $1.11 2$1.00
24.3
23.1
Loading cargo
B ox Shooks
Line No. 4:
Total, 12 ships.......................... 4,206 24,711
306.8
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1.........................................
No. 2...................................... -
506
231
2 567
2 259
30.1
13.7
16.8 218.8
16.9 218.9
17.0
17.0
0.99 21. 11 $0.91 2$0.81
.91 2.81
.99 21. 11
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3.........................................
No. 4........... .............................
146
290
2 164
2 325
14.9
24.9
9.8 211.0
11.6 213.1
17.0
17.0
0.58 20.65 $1.55 2$1.38
.69 2.77 1.30 2 1.17
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5.........................................
No. 6......................................-
403
349
2 451
2 391
27.1
23.7
Line No. 5:
Total, 12 ships......... ...............
6,342
7,102
520.4
14.9 216.6
14.7 216.5
17.0
17.0
0.87 20.98 $1.03 2$0.92
.87 2.97 1.03 2.93
12.2
17.4
0.70
13.6
0.79 $1.29
$1.14
0.98 $1.02
.93 1.08
$0.92
.97
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1..................................... ...
No. 2________ ______________
622
343
697
384
37.4
21.7
16.6
15.8
1Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
18.6
17.7
19.0
19.0
0.88
.83
aShort tons.
132
T a b le
GENERAL TABLES
8.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OP LABOR AND LABOR COST IN HANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve per Long Reve Long Reve
nue
nue
tons tons1 gang tons nue ton tnue
on1
tons 1
tons1
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
B ox S h ooks— Continued.
Line No. 5—Continued
No. 3...................................
No. 4....................................
520
442
582
495
48.5
47.4
10.7
9.3
12.0
10.4
17.0
17.0
0.63
.55
0.71 $1.43
.61 j 1.64
$1.27
1.48
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5.........................................
No. 6.........................................
451
620
505
694
37.6
51.6
12.0
12.0
13.4
13.4
17.0
17.0
0.71
.71
0.79 $1.27
.79 1.27
$1.14
1.14
Line No. 6:
Total, 11 ships.......................... 5,641
6,318
194.5
29.0
32.5
13.0
2.23
2.50 $0.40
$0.36
2.87 $0.35
2.78
.36
$0.31
.32
2.15 $0.47
.47
2.15
$0.42
.21
C opper
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1..
No. 2..
400
500
448
560
12.0
15.5
33.3
32.3
37.3
36.1
13.0
13.0
2.56
2.48
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3.........................................
400
500
448
560
16.0
20.0
25.0
25.0
28.0
28.0
13.0
13.0
1.92
1.92
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5..
No. 6..
Line No. 7:
Total, 29 ships.
972
550
1,089
616
33.5
19.0
29.0
28.9
32.5
32.4
13.0
13.0
2.23
2.23
2.50 $0.40
2.49
.40
$0.36
.36
22,425
25,114
886.8
25.3
28.3
13.1
1.93
2.16 $0.47
$0.42
2.92 $0.34
2.83
.36
$0.31
.32
1.82 $0.56
1.73
.58
$0.49
.52
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (June)----No. 2 (October).
624
750
699
840
18.4 33.9
22.8 ! 32.9
38.0
36.8
13.0
13.0
2.61
2.53
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 4 (July).
1,300
1,000
1,456
1,120
61.6
49.7
21.1
20.1
23.6
22.5
13.0
13.0
1.62
1.55
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (M arch)-........................ 1,050
No. 6 (August)......................... 1,500
1,176
1,680
41.6
59.5
25.3
25.2
28.3
28.2
13.0
13.0
1.94
1.94
2.17 $0.46
.46
2.17
$0.41
.41
5,717
368! 0
13.9
15.5
19.4
0.71
0.80 $1.27
$1.13
D oors
Line No. 8:
Total, 10 ships.......................... 5,104
1 Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet*
133
TACOMA (1926)
T a b le
8.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABOR AND LABOR COST IN HAN DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Output per Aver Output per Average
cost
gang-hour
man-hour labor
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve per Long Reve Long Reve
nue
tons tons* gang tons nue ton nue
tons1
ton1
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons*
Ships with m axim um efficiency
D o o r s —Continued
Line No. 8—Continued.
No. 1 (January)....................... 1,493
No. 2 (February).................. .
521
1,672
583
1I
64.1
19.9
23.3
26.2
26.1
29.3
21.0
21.0
1.11
1.25
1.24 $0.81
1.40
.72
$0.73
.64
0.48 $2.09
.56 1.80
$1.88
0.72 $1.41
.78 1.29
$1.25
1.15
$0.27
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (October)___
No. 4 (November).
463
442
519
495
56.5
46.8
8.2
9.4
9.2
10.6
19.0
19.0
0.43
.50
1.61
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (September) .
No. 6 (November) .
498
246
558
275
40.9
18.5
12.2
13.3
.14,071
15,760
313.6
522
1,228
547
558
1,339
3,214
1,317
1,062
1,116
3,168
585
1,375
613
625
1,500
3,600
1,475
1,189
1,250
3,548
13.6
14.9
19.0
19.0
0.64
.70
44.9
50.3
15.0
3.00
3.35 $0.30
10.7 48.8
29.1 42.2
13.7 39.9
20.4 27.4
26.6 50.3
72.0 44.6
30.7 42.9
24.3 43.7
24.2 46.1
61.9 51.2
54.7
47.3
44.7
30.6
56.4
50.0
48.0
48.9
51.7
57.3
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
3.25
2.81
2.66
1.82
3.36
2.98
2.86
2.91
3.07
3.41
3.64
3.15
2.98
2.04
3.76
3.33
3.20
3.26
3.44
3.82
32.9 236.8
21.0
1.57 21.76 $0.57 2$0.51
F lour
Line No. 9 (via chute):
Total, 10 ships........... .
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
1_.
2__
3 ..
4 ..
5__
6_.
78__
9_.
10..
.
.
.
.
Line No. 10:
Total, 19 ships.
.24,250 *27,160
736.8
.28
.32
.34
.49
.27
.30
.31
.31
.29
.27
.25
.29
.30
.44
.24
.27
.28
.28
.26
.24
Ships with maximum efficiency
. 3,699 24,143
. 3,350 2 3,752
No. 1.
No. 2.
103.6
89.7
35.7 240.0
37.3 241.8
21.0
21.0
1.70 21.90 $0.53 2$0.47
1.78 21.99
.51
2.45
Ships with m inim um efficiency
525
2 588
1,470 2 1,646
No. 3.
No. 4.
18.7
56.8
28.1 231.5
25.9 229.0
21.0
21.0
1.34 21.50 $0.67 2$0.60
1.23 21.38 .73
2.65
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5.........................................
No. 6.........................................
583
875
2 653
2980
17.8
26.7
32.8 236.7
32.8 236.7
21.0
21.0
1.56 21.75 $0.58 2$0.51
.58
1.56 21.75
2.51
L u m ber
Line No. 11:
Total, 30 ships............................... 25,551
3,989 3,058.6
8.4
13.0
13.0
.64
1.00 $1.41
$0.90
1.17 $1.23
1.24 1.17
$0.77
.73
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (January)..
No. 2 (July).......
1,015
363
1,624
582
106.8
36.1
* Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 feet.
9.5
10.1
15.2
16.1
13.0 0.73
13.0 .77
2 Short tons.
134
GENERAL TABLES
8.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OP LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
T a b le
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Ships with m inim um efficiency
L u m b e r — Continued
Line No. 11— Continued.
No. 3 (February).....................
No. 4 (M ay)..........................-
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve
Long Reve per Long Reve
nue ton nue
nue
tons
gang tons tons1
ton 1
tons1
406
892
658
1,428
57.1
139.8
7.1
6.4
11.4
10.2
13.0
13.0
0.55
.49
0.88 $1.64
.79 1.84
$1.02
1.14
1.02 $1.41
1.03 1.41
$0.88
.87
Ships with average efficiency
602
No. 5 (January)........................
No. 6 (August)......................... 1,017
963
1,627
72.6
121.7
Line No. 12:
Total, 40 ships.......................... 57,964 292,742 9,216.9
8.3
8.4
13.3
13.4
13.0
13.0
0.64
.64
6.3 U O .l
12.0
0.52 20.84 $1.73 2$1.07
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1...................................... No. 2.........................................
1,183
1,619
1,893
2,590
161.5
214.0
7.3
7.6
11.7
12.1
12.0
12.0
0.61
.63
0.98 $1.48
1.01 1.43
$0.92
.89
0.70 $2.05
.70 2.05
$1.29
1.29
0.84 $1.73
.84 1.70
$1.07
1.07
0.79
$1.14
0.92
.90
$0.98
0.64
.69
$1.41
1.30
0.82
.82
$1.10
1.10
Ships with m inim um efficiency
1,069
680
No. 3.
No. 4.
1,710
1,088
203.0
129.0
5.3
5.3
8.4
8.4
12.0
12.0
0.44
.44
Ships with average efficiency
1,989
1,524
No. 5.
No. 6.
Line No. 13:
Total, 28 ships.
3,183
2,438
317.0
240.8
6.3
6.3
86,236 9,080.8
10.0
10.1
12.0
12.0
9.5
12.0
0.52
.53
Ships with maximum efficiency
2,585
3,017
No. 1No. 2.
11.0
234.2
277.9
10.9
12.0
12.0
1.00
Ships with m inim um efficiency
669
3,124
No. 3.
No. 4.
7.6
8.3
87.6
378.1
12.0
12.0
Ships with average efficiency
1,922
2,237
196.3
228.3
14:
[, 6 ships............................ 13,067
14,635
199.2
1,000
5,154
1,905
2,000
2,008
1,000
1,120
5,772
2,134
2,240
2,249
1,120
No. 5..
i.......................................
No. 6.
h ea t
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
9.8
9.8
12.0
12.0
(V ia C h u te )
73.5
15.0
4.37
4.90 $0.21
19.8 50.5 56.6
93.4 55.2 61.8
30.0 63.5 71.1
26.2 76.3 85.5
19.8 101.4 113.6
10.0 100.0 112.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
3.37
3.68
4.23
5.09
6.76
6.66
3.77
4.12
4.74
5.70
7.57
7.47
65.6
1Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
2Short tons.
.27
.25
.21
.18
.13
.13
$0.18
.24
.22
.19
.16
.12
.12
Grays Harbor (1926)
T a b le
9.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST * IN LOADING LU M B E R , B Y
KIND OF TRAD E
Line number and kind of trade
Foreign trade:
No. 1 _ _ _ ............ ...................................
No. 2 ..........................................—...........
Intercoastal trade:
No. 3......................................................
No. 4______ _____ — ..............................
Coastwise trade:
No. 5............................................... - ........
No. 6________________________________
No. 7________________________________
No. 8________________________________
Output
Output
per gang- Average per man- Average
labor cost
hour number
hour
of men
1,000
(1,000 per
(1,000
per
board
board
board
gang
feet
feet)
feet)
Cargo
tonnage
(1,000
board
feet)
Ganghours
233,616
64,241
22,109.6
5.797.0
10.6
11.1
12.0
14.0
0.88
.79
$1.02
1.14
4.343.5
50,310
128,369 2165,860.0
11.6
14.8
.78
.77
1.15
1.17
27.1
20.9
15.8
13.4
20.7
18.1
16.1
15.2
1.31
1.16
.98
.88
.69
.78
.92
1.02
31,772
23,704
18,964
15,770
1.173.5
1.132.0
1.200.0
1,176.0
i Wage rate: 90 cents per hour.
2 Man-hours.
T a b le 10.-—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN LOADIN G LU M B E R IN
FOREIGN TR AD E
Ship number and date of operation
Cargo
tonnage
(1,000
board
feet)
Ganghours
233,616
22,109.6
Output
Output Average
per gang- Average
per
labor cost
hour number
man-hour
men (1,000
per 1,000
(1,000 ofper
board
board
board
gang
feet
feet)
feet)
L in e No. 1
Total, 80 ships__ ___ ___ - ________________
10.6
12.0
0.88
$1.02
1.44
1.61
$0.63
.56
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (April)............ .......................................
No. 2 (August)___________________________
1,160
3,506
67.2
181.9
17.3
19.3
12.0
12.0
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (June)________________________ _____
No. 4 (August)___________________________
1,670
1,502
250.5
211.5
6.7
7.1
12.0
12.0
0.56
.59
$1. 61
1.53
0.88
.88
$1.02
1.02
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April) ___________________________
No. 6 (August)___________________________
3,064
4,100
290.2
390.4
10.6
10.6
12.0
12.0
Labor productivity and costs, by months
January, 5 ships..________________________
February, 7 ships_____________________- __
March, 4 ships___________________________
April, 6 ships____________________________
May, 5 ships______________ - _____________
June, 6 ships_____________________________
July, 4 ships_____________________________
August, 8 ships. _______________________
September, 8 ships_______________________
October, 12 sh ips_______________________ _
November, 8 ships__ _______ _____________
December, 7 ships_______________________ *
10,727
19,167
12,532
9,534
17,859
15,771
13,422
23,721
26,243
34,326
25,872
24,442
1,106.7
1,908.5
1,234.0
840.7
1,721.1
1,676.2
1,264.0
2,362.8
2.362.0
3,234.6
2.133.0
2,266.0
9.7
10.0
10.2
11.3
10.4
9.4
10.6
10.0
11.1
10.6
12.1
10.8
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
0.81
.84
.85
.94
.86
.78.
.88
.84
.93
.88
1.01
.90
135
$1.11
1.07
1.06
.96
1.05
1.15
1.02
1. 07
.97
1.02
.89
1.00
136
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 1 0 . — P R O D U C TIV IT Y
OF LABO R A N D LABO R COST IN LOADIN G L U M B E R IN
FOREIGN T R A D E —Continued
Ship number and date of operation
Line N o. 2
Total, 28 ships.................................................
Cargo
tonnage
(1,000
board
feet)
64,241
Ganghours
5,797.0
Output
Output Average
per gang- Average
per
labor cost
number man-hour
hour
per 1,000
of men
(1,000
(1,000
board
per
board
board
gang
feet
feet)
feet)
11.1
14.0
0.79
$1.14
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (February)......................................—
No. 2 (March).................................................
1,215
2,864
99.5
217.0
12.2
13.2
12.2
13.0
1.00
1.01
$0.90
.89
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (January^...............................................
No. 4 (M ay).......................................... .........
1,204
2,019
130.0
236.0
9.3
8.6
15.3
14.2
0.60
.60
$1.50
1.50
0.79
.78
$1.14
1.15
Ships w ith average efficiency
No. 5 (April)............... ...................................
No. 6 (M ay)................... ............... ............ .
3,343
2,000
308.5
171.5
10.8
11.7
13.6
15.0
T able 1 1 .-P R 0 D U C T IV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN LOADING LU M B E R IN
IN TER C O A STA L T R A D E
Ship number and date of operation
Cargo
tonnage
(1,000
board
feet)
Ganghours
Output
Output Average
per gang- Average
per
labor cost
hour number
man-hour
men
per 1,000
(1,000 ofper
(1,000
board
board
board
gang
feet
feet)
feet)
Line N o . 3
Total___________________________________
50,310
4,343.5
11.6
14.8
0.78
$1.15
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (February)--........................................
No. 2 (March).............. .................................
4,024
3,270
315.0
221.0
12.8
14.8
14.1
15.5
0.90
.95
$1.00
.95
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (January)...............................................
No. 4 (January)—......... ................................
858
1,142
88.0
112.0
9.8
10.2
15.6
16.2
0.63
.63
$1.43
1.43
0.78
.78
$1.15
1.15
0.77
$1.17
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January)...............................................
No. 6 (June).....................................................
1,986
2,111
155.0
168.5
12.8
12.5
16.5
16.1
L ine N o . 4
Total_____ __ _____________ __ __ ________
128,309 1165,St)0.0
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (M ay)______ - __ . . . . . . . . . ___ _______
No. 2 (August)_____________________ _____
i Man-hours.
3,018 i 2,872.0
1,919 1 1,923.0
1.05
1.00
$0.8r»
.90
F
ig u r e
4 0.— v ie w
o f
l u m b e r
P
ie r
at
g r a y s
H
a r b o r
,
w a s h
.
137
GRAYS HAJRBOR (1926)
T a b l e ii.~ P R O D U C T I V I T Y OF LABOR A N D &ABOR COST IN LOADIN G L U M B E R IN
IN TER C O A ST A L TR AD E —Continued
Cargo
tonnage
(1,000
board
feet)
Ship number and date of operation
Ganghours
Output
Output Average
per gang- Average
per
labor cost
man-hour
hour number
of men
per 1,000
(1,000
(1,000
board
per
board
board
gang
feet
feet)
feet)
Ships with m inim um efficiency
L ine N o. 4—Continued
No. 3 (April)____________________________
No. 4 (M ay)_____________________________
970 U,636.0
1,500 12,691.0
0.59
.56
$1.52
1.61
0.77
.77
$1.17
1.17
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (June)_____________________________
No. 6 (September)_______________________
3,204 14.168.0
1,471 11.922.0
Labor productivity and costs, by months
January, 2 ships_________________________
5,786 17.168.0
________________________
February, 3 ships
9,860 112.900.0
March, 3 ships___________________________
9,321 112.498.0
April, 2 ships____________________________
4,870 16.656.0
7,534 110.023.0
May, 3 ships____________________________
9,257 112.423.0
June, 3 ships................... ..................... ...........
July, 2 ships________________ ____ ________
3,498 15.453.0
13,312 116.403.0
August, 4 ships_______________ ________ __
September, 8 ships_______________________
18,493 122.926.0
October, 8 ships__________________________
21,791 128.702.0
11,397 114.950.0
November, 4 ships_____________ __________
December, 5 ships _ _ ___________________
13,250 115.803.0
0.81
.76
.75
.73
.75
.74
.64
.81
.81
.76
.76
.84
$1.11
1.18
1.20
1.23
1.20
1.22
1.41
1.11
1.11
1.18
1.18
1.07
1Man-hours.
T a b le 13.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN LOADING LU M B E R IN
COASTW ISE TR AD E
Ship number and date of operation
Cargo
tonnage
(1,000
board
feet)
Ganghours
Output
Output Average
per gang- Average
per
labor cost
hour number
man-hour
men (1,000 per 1,000
(1,000 ofper
board
board
board
gang
feet
feet)
feet)
L in e N o. 5
Total, 20 ships.................................................
31,772
1,173.5
27.1
20.7
1.31
$0.69
1.83
1.77
$0.49
.51
Ships with m aximum efficiency
1,652
1,605
48.0
50.0
34.4
32.1
18.9
18.1
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3................................................................
No. 4................................................................
1,494
1,458
69.0
77.0
21.7
18.9
20.8
18.3
1.04
1.04
$0.87
.87
Shtps with average efficiency
1,605
1,633
54.0
65.0
29.7
25.1
22.3
19.6
1.33
1.28
$0.68
.70
23,704
1,132.0
20.9
18.1
1.16
$0.78
L ine No. 6
Total, 23 ships...................... ............ .............
66490°—32----- 10
138
T a b le
GENERAL TABLES
13.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN LOADING LUM BER IN
COASTWISE TKADE—Continued
Ship number and date of operation
Cargo
tonnage
(1,000
board
feet)
Ganghours
Output
Output Average
per gang- Average
per
labor cost
hour number
man-hour
of men
per 1,000
(1,000
(1,000
per
board
board
board
gang
feet
feet)
feet)
Ships with m axim um efficiency
L ine No. 6—Continued
No. 1 (September)........................................ .
No. 2 (October)...............................................
1,075
1,064
48.0
46.5
22.4
22.9
17.3
17.6
1.30
1.30
$0.69
.69
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (January)............................................. .
No. 4 (April)...................................................
1,022
1,042
61.0
55.0
16.8
19.0
18.2
19.1
0.92
.99
$0.98
.91
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (September)........................................
No. 6 (December)—. .............................. ........
1,063
1,033
50.0
46.0
21.1
22.5
18.2
19.5
1,16
1.15
$0.78
.78
18,964
1,200.0
15.8
16.1
0.98
$0.92
Line N o. 7
Total, 22 ships............................................. .
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June)................................................—
No. 2 (November).........................................
911
834
53.0
53.0
17.2
15.7
13.3
13.9
1.29
1.13
$0.70
.80
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (M ay).................................................No. 4 (August)................................................
870
867
59.0
57.0
14.7
15.2
16.6
17.1
0.89
.89
$1.01
1.01
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (July)....................................... ............
No. 6 (December)..... .....................................
889
860
48.0
53.0
18.5
16.0
18.9
16.4
0.98
.98
$0.92
.92
15,770
1,176.0
13.4
15.2
0.88
$1.02
Line N o . 8
Total, 19 ships.................................................
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (M ay).................................................. .
No. 2 (August)................................................
850
880
49.0
52.0
17.4
16.9
16.9
16.6
1.03
1.02
$0.87
.88
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (J u ly)..................................................No. 4 (November).........................................-
895
785
68.0
82.0
13.2
9.6
17.5
13.0
0.75
.75
$1.20
1.20
0.88
.86
$1.02
1.05
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 ('January)...____ ______________ _____
No. 6 (Dem'nber)___________ ____ ________
771
802
51.0
64.0
15.1
12.5
17.2
14.6
Portland, Oreg•(1926)
T a b le
13.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN HANDLING CARGO, B Y
KIND OF T R A D E A N D IN DIVIDU AL COM MODITIES
Output per Aver Output per Average
cost
gang-hour age man-hour labor
per—
num
ber of
men
per Long Rev Long Rev
Long Rev
enue
enue
tons tons1 gang tons tons1
ton enue
ton1
Cargo tonnage
Ganghours
Operation, line number, and
commodity
Long
tons
Reveenue
tons 1
Foreign trade 2
Discharging cargo:
Europe—
No. 1_________________
No. 2...............................
Orient—No. 3 _____ - ______
Loading cargo:
Europe—No. 4____________
6,028
6,752
2,874
2,566
17,799 3 19,936
9,480
10,619
233.0
184.5
730.5
25.9 29.0
13.9 15.6
24.4 327.3
16.1
15.9
13.1
598.5
15.8
19.4
17.7
1.61 1.80 $0.56
.87
.97 1.03
1.85 32.07
.49
.82
.92
1.10
$0.50
.93
3.43
.98
Intercoastal trade 2
Discharging cargo:
No. 5...............- .....................
No. 6......................................
Loading cargo:
No. 7......................................
No. 8......................................
65,035 3 72,845
16,962 3 18,999
2,673.0
995.7
24.3 327.3
17.0 319.1
22.5
17.0
1.08 31.21 $0.83 3$0.74
1.00 31.12 .90 3.80
63,780 3 71,440
28,696 3 32,144
2.713.0
1.244.0
23.5 326.3
23.1 325.8
19.8
22.1
1.19 31.33
1.04 31.17
.76
.87
3.68
3.77
Coastwise trade 2
3 69,619 463,338.0
3146,173 <114,759.0
Discharging cargo: No. 9______
Loading cargo: No. 10—__ - ___
31. 10
31.27
3$0.82
3.71
$0.43
3.38
3.31
Individual commodities2
Discharging cargo:
Pipe—No. 11_____
Steel—No. 12........
Tin plate—No. 13Loading cargo:
Copper—No. 1 4 Doors—No. 15____
Flour—
No. 16.............
No. 17.............
No. 18«...........
Lumber—
No. 19.............
No. 20.............
No. 21.............
No. 22.............
No. 23.............
Salmon—No. 24 *—
2,399
4.598
5,735
32,688
3 5,147
3 6,426
90.5
170.0
135.0
26.5 329.7
27.0 330.3
42.5 347.6
14.1
12.7
16.5
1.88 3 2.11 $0.48
2.13 3 2.39
.43
2.57 32.88
.35
7,960
3,811
3 8,915
4,267
315.0
352.0
25.3 328.3
12.1
11.8
19.0
2.14 32.40
.57
.64
13,028
21,806
7,385
14,593
24,425
3 8,272
207.8
576.0
172.0
62.7 70.2
37.9 42.4
42.9 348.1
27.1
24.7
25.6
2.31
1.53
24,752
3,764
30,373
50,987
16,801
34,213
2,088.0
3.056.0
3.226.0
5.388.0
1.864.0
154.0
11.9
11.9
9.4
9.5
9.0
24.4 327.4
13.0
13.2
12.0
13.0
14.1
.91
.90
.79
.73
.64
1.16 31.30
1 Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
2 Wage rate: 90 cents per hour.
3 Short tons.
10.8
21.0
1.58
2.59
1.72
.39
1.68 31.88
.52
.78
4 Man-hours.
« Loaded at Astoria.
139
3.38
1.41
.35
.52
3.46
1.00
1.14
1.23
1.41
140
T a b le
GENERAL TABLES
14.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE
Discharging cargo: Europe
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Output per Aver Output per Average
labor cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
bours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
tons tons
tons tons
ton nue
ton
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Total, 7 ships.................................. 6,028
6,752
233.0
25.9
29.0
16.1
1.61
1.80 $0.56
$0.50
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
240
1,182
555
1,625
720
1,130
576
269
1,324
622
1,820
806
1,266
645
11.5
29.0
32.0
49.5
29.5
45.0
36.5
20.9
40.8
17.3
32.8
24.4
25.1
15.8
23.4
45.7
19.4
36.7
27.3
28.1
17.7
18.0
16.0
12.0
19.8
17.0
17.2
12.0
1.16
2.55
1.45
1.66
1.44
1.46
1.32
1.30
2.86
1.62
1.86
1.61
1.64
1.48
.78
.35
.62
.54
.63
.62
.68
.69
.31
.56
.48
.56
.55
.61
Total, 6 ships.................................. 2,566
2,874
184.5
13.9
15.6
15.9
0.87
0.97 $1.03
$0.93
499
371
525
405
456
310
559
415
588
454
511
347
50.0
23.5
32.5
38.5
24.5
15.5
10.0
15.8
16.2
10.5
18.6
20.0
11.2
17.7
18.1
11.8
20.9
22.4
13.8
18.0
13.6
16.7
17.0
21.6
.72
.88
1.19
.63
1.09
.92
.81
.98
1.33
.71
1.23
1.03
L in e N o . 1
1 (March): Steel......................
2 (March): Cement.................
3 (April): Steel........................
4 (May): Cement.................. .
5 (May): Cement....................
6 (August): Cement................
7 (September): Steel...............
L in e No. 2
No. 1 (April): Coke........................
No. 2 (May): Steel.........................
No. 3 (September): Coke...............
No. 4 (September): Steel...............
No. 5 (September): Steel...............
No. 6 (October): Steel....................
1.25
1.02
.76
1.43
.83
.98
1.11
.92
.68
1.27
.73
.87
Discharging cargo: Orient
L in e N o . 3
Total, 15 ships................................. 17,799 U9,936
730.5
24.4 127.3
13.1
1.85 12.07 $0.49 i$0.43
Copra........................................ 9,832 Ul,002
General cargo........................... 7,967 18,934
409.0
321. 5
24.0 126.9
24.8 127.8
8.9
18.5
2.69 13.01
1.34 11.50
.33
.67
1.30
1.60
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (December): Copra..............
No. 2 (April): Copra......................
761
838
1852
1933
25.5
32.0
29.8 133.4
26.2 129.3
9.0
9.0
3.32 13.72 $0.27 i$0.24
2.91 13.26 .31
1.28
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (June): General cargo...........
No. 4 (November): General cargo_
217
453
1243
1507
11.5
23.0
18.9 121.2
19.7 122.1
18.0
18.0
1.05 il. 18 $0.86 i $0.76
1.09 1.22
.83
1.74
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January):
Copra........................................ 1,367 11,531
General cargo........................... 1,172 U,313
62.5
42.0
21.9 124.5
27.9 131.2
9.0
18.0
2.43 12.72 $0.37 i$0.33
1.55 U.74
.58
1.52
Total...................................... 2,539 i 2,844
104.5
24.3 127.2
12.6
1.93 12.16
.47
1.42
1778
1292
32.0
12.5
21.7 124.3
20.8 123.3
9.0
17.0
2.41 12.70
1.22 il. 37
.37
.74
1.33
1.66
955 11,070
44.5
21.5 124.1
11.2
1.91 12.14
.47
1.42
No. 6 (August):
Copra........................................
General cargo...........................
Total......................................
i Short tons.
695
260
F
ig u r e
4 1 .— P
o r ta ble
Con
veyor
fro m
S
id e p o r t
to
2-s t
o r y
p ie r
.
P
o r tl a n d
, O
r e g
.
V ie w
o f
f ir s t
flo o r
F
ig u r e
4 2.— p o r t a b l e C o n v e y o r f r o m
S
P o r t l a n d , O r e g . V ie w L e a d in g
id e
to
Port to
Second F
2-s t
loor
o r y
p ie r
.
141
PORTLAND, OREG. (1926)
T a b le
1 4 .—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Shin number, date of operation.
and commodity
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue Long
nue gang
ton nue
tons tons
tons tons
ton
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Total, 7 ships.................................. 9,480
10,619
598.5
15.8
17.7
19.4
0.82
0.92 $1.10
$0.98
1,952
1,428
522
702
1,924
919
2,033
2,186
1,600
585
787
2,155
1,029
2,277
125.5
84.0
37.5
34.0
133.0
62.0
122.5
15.6
17.0
13.9
20.6
14.5
14.8
16.6
17.4
19.0
15.6
23.1
16.2
16.6
18.6
18.8
20.0
19.5
19.0
19.0
19.5
20.0
.83
.85
.71
1.09
.76
.76
.83
.93
.95
.80
1.22
.85
.85
.93
1.08
1.06
1.27
.83
1.18
1.18
1.08
.97
.95
1.13
.74
1.06
1.06
.97
L in e N o . 4
No. 1 (January): Apples................
No. 2 (February): Apples..............
No. 3 (October): Prunes................
No. 4 (October): Prunes................
No. 4 (October): A p p les..............
No. 6 (November): Apples............
No. 7 (November): Apples............
T a b le 15.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
IN TER C O A STA L T R AD E
Discharging cargo
Cargo tonnage
Ship number and date of
operation
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve per Long Reve Long Reve
nue gang tons nue ton nue
tons tons1
ton 1
tons1
L in e N o. 5
Total, 73 ships................................. 65,035
72,845 2,673.0
24.3
27.3
22.5
1.08
1.21 $0.83
$0.74
2.53 $0.40
2.57
.39
$0.36
.35
0.92 $1.10
.95 1.06
$0.98
.95
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. l (M ay)....................................
No. 2 (June;....................................
724
990
811
1,109
24.0
27.0
30.2
36.7
33.8
41.1
13.4
16.0
2.26
2.30
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (July)............
No. 4 (November).
863
562
967
630
43.0
11.5
20.1
22.0
22.5
24.7
24.3
25.9
0.82
.85
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January).
No. 6 (M arch)...
1,168
1,257
1,308
1,408
44.5
51.0
26.2
24.6
29.4
27.6
24.4
22.8
1.08
1.08
1.21 $0.83
1.21
.83
$0.74
.74
16,962
18,999
995.7
17.0
19.1
17.0
1.00
1.12 $0.90
$0.80
1.64 $0.62
.59
1.71
$0.55
.53
a 77 $1.30
.81 1.25
$1.17
1.11
Lin e No.
Total, 37 ships...........
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (M a y )....
No. 2 (August).
537
1,029
602
1,153
21.6
61.4
24.9
16.8
27.9
18.8
17.0
11.0
1.46
1.52
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (September).
No. 4 (November).
Short tons.
202
478
226
535
15.4
38.9
13.1
12.3
14.7
13.8
19.0
17.0
0.69
.72
142
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le
15.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G C ARGO IN
INTERCOASTAL TRADE—Continued
Discharging cargo—Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number and date of
operation
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons 1
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve
Long Reve per Long Reve
nue gang tons nue ton nue
tons tons*
tons1
ton 1
Ships with average efficiency
L ink N o . 6— Continued
No. 5 (February)_______________
No. 6 (M ay)____________________
683
753
765
843
38.0
39.7
18.0
19.0
20.1
21.2
18.0
19.0
1.00
1.00
1.12 $0.90
1.12
.90
$0.80
.80
26.3
19.8
1.19
1.33 $0.76
$0.68
1.85 $0.55
.65
1.56
$0.49
.58
Loading cargo
L in e N o. 7 2
Total, 36 ships................................. 63,780
71,440 2,713.0
23.5
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (February-March)...............
713
1,028
799
1,151
22.8
38.8
Total.................................... - 1,741
No. 2 (April)...................................
Total............................... ...
31.3
26.5
35.0
29.7
19.0
19.0
1.65
1.39
1,950
61.6
28.3
31.7
19.0
1.49
1.67
.60
.54
857
673
960
754
31.9
21.6
26.9
31.2
30.1
34.9
19.0
19.0
1.41
1.64
1.58
1.83
.64
.55
.57
.49
1,530
1,714
53.5
28.6
32.0
19.0
1.50
1.69
.60
.53
0.97 $1.05
1.15
.88
.87
1.16
$0.93
.78
.78
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
791
657
629
886
736
705
43.7
32.1
30.4
18.1
20.5
20.7
20.3
22.9
23.2
21.0
20.0
20.0
0.86
1.02
1.04
Total.................................... - 2,077
2,327
106.2
19.6
21.9
20.4
.96
1.07
.94
.84
471
400
735
528
448
823
25.0
18.9
33.4
18.8
21.2
22.0
21.1
23.7
24.6
21.0
21.0
20.0
.90
1.01
1.10
1.00
1.13
1.23
1.00
.89
.82
.90
.80
.73
Total............................... ...... 1,606
1,799
77.3
20.8
23.3
20.6
1.01
1.13
.89
.80
1.10 $0.92
1.29
.78
1.48
.68
$0.82
.70
.61
No. 3 (M ay)....................................
No. 4 (July).....................................
Ships with average efficiency
530
232
1,160
594
260
1,299
Total...................................... 1,922
544
510
741
Total...................................... 1,795
No. 5 (January)..............................
No. 6 (March).................................
25.8
8.4
41.9
20.5
27.6
27.7
23.0
31.0
31.0
21.0
24.0
21.0
0.98
1.15
1.32
2,153
76.1
25.3
28.3
21.3
1.18
1.33
.76
.68
609
571
830
29.4
22.9
25.9
18.5
22.3
28.6
20.7
24.9
32.0
19.0
20.0
19.0
.97
1.12
1.50
1.09
1.25
1.68
.93
.80
.60
.83
.72
.54
2,010
78.2
23.0
25.7
19.3
1.19
1.33
.76
.68
32,144 1,244.0
23.1
25.8
22.1
1.04
1.17 $0.87
$0.77
1.64 $0.62
2.02
.50
$0.55
. 45
L in e N o . 8
Total, 61 ships................................. 28,696
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (February).......................... .
No. 2 (December)...................... .
1Short tons.
512
766
574
858
17.0
20.0
30.1
38.3
33.8
42.9
20.6
21.3
1.46
1.80
* Data, except totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost.
143
PORTLAND, OREG. (1926)
T a b le 13.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABO R COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
IN TER C O A STA L T R AD E —Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number and date of
operation
Reve
nue
tons1
Long
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
age
gang-hour
man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve Long Reve
per
Long Reve
nue gang Long
nue ton nue
tons tons1
tons tons1
ton 1
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
L ine N o. 8—Continued
No. 3 (M ay)___ ____________
No. 4 (November)______________
184
223
206
250
12.5
14.0
14.7
15.9
16.5
17.9
23.0
24.5
0.64
.65
0.72 $1.41
.73 1.38
$1.25
1.23
1.15 $0.88
1.16
.87
$0.78
.78
Ships with average efficiency
432
448
No. 5 (June)...................................
No. 6 (December).................... ......
484 ! 18.5
502 | 20.0
23.4
22.4
26.2
25.1
22.8
21.6
1.02
1.04
Labor productivity and cost, by months
January, 7 ships----------- ------------February, 6 ships____ _____ _____
March, 3 ships......... .......................
April, 5 ships____ ______ ______
May, 5 ships...................................
June, 5 sh ip s................ ...............
July, 6 ships................ ..................
August, 4 ships...............................
September, 4 ships......... ...............
October, 6 ships.......... ................ .
November, 6 ships.........................
December, 5 ships______________
3,401
2,694
1,031
1,619
1,398
1,643
2,313
2,176
2,424
4,513
2,981
2,503
3,808
3,018
1,155
1,814
1,566
1,840
2,590
2,438
2,716
5,055
3,340
2,804
128.5
109.5
46.0
81.5
62.5
89.5
128.0
97.0
100.0
185.0
127.0
89.5
26.5
24.6
22.4
19.9
22.4
18.4
18.1
22.4
24.2
24.4
23.5
28.0
29.7
27.6
25.1
22.3
25.1
20.6
20.3
25.1
27.1
27.3
26.3
31.4
23.0
23.4
22.7
22.7
21.4
18.8
20.6
21.7
23.1
22.8
22.6
22.1
1.15
1.05
.99
.87
1.05
.98
.88
1.03
1.05
1.07
1.04
1.27
1.29 $0.78
1.18
.86
1.11
.91
.97 1.03
1.18
.86
.92
1.10
.99 1.02
.87
1.15
1.18
.86
.84
1.20
.87
1.16
1.42
.71
$0.70
.76
.81
.93
.76
.82
.91
.78
.76
.75
.78
.63
1 Short tons.
T a b le 16.—PR ODU C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN HANDLING CARGO IN
COASTW ISE TR AD E
Discharging cargo
Week ending—
Cargo
tonnage Man(rev hours
enue
tons i)
Out
put Labor
per
cost
man- per
hour rev
(rev enue
enue ton 1
tons1)
Week ending—
L in e N o. 9
Weeks with average efficiency
Total, 103 ships......... 69,619
63,338
1.10
$0.82
Line N o. 9—Con.
Jan. 31, 3 ships_____
614
518
819
559
532
688
Weeks with m aximum efficiency
Apr. 7, 2 ships...........
Total
May 14,2 ships____
Total...............
Out
put Labor
Cargo
per cost
tonnage Man- manper
(rev hours hour rev
enue
enue
(rev
tons *)
enue ton 1
tons1)
1.10
.97
1.19
$0.82
.93
.76
814
773
613
476
1.33
1.62
$0.68
.56
Total...............
1,951
1,779
1.10
.82
1,587
1,089
1.46
.62
June 7, 2 ships______
830
663
682
673
1.22
.99
.74
.91
726
00*7
595
502
1.22
1.33
.74
. 68
Total...............
1,493
1,355
1.10
.82
1,395
1,097
1.27
.71
UUltT WtCKS
Weeks with m inim um efficiency
Jan. 7, 2 ships______
Total
Oct. 7,1 ship
489
399
888
591
429
1,020
0.83
.93
.87
$1.08
.97
1.03
521
579
.90
1.00
1 Short tons.
Jan. 14,1 ship - .......
Jan. 21, 2 ships_____
Feb. 7,1 ship______
Feb. 14, 2 ships_____
Feb. 21, 2 ships_____
Feb. 28, 3 ships.........
515
1,370
997
1,307
1,668
2,167
524
1,153
897
1,245
1,475
1,990
0.98
1.19
1.11
1.05
1.13
1.09
$0.92
. 76
.81
.86
.80
.83
144
T a b le
GENERAL TABLES
16.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OP LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
COASTWISE TRADE—Continued
Discharging cargo—Continued
Week ending—
Out
put Labor
Cargo
per
cost
tonnage Man- manper
(rev
hour
rev
hours
enue
(rev enue
tons J)
enue to n 1
tons1)
W eek ending—
Other weeks—Continued
L ine N o. 9—Con.
Mar. 7, 2 ships........
Mar. 14, 2 ships.......
Mar. 21, 3 ships......
Mar. 31,1 ship____
Apr. 14, 2 ships.......
Apr. 21, 2 ships____
Apr. 30, 3 ships____
May 7, 2 ships........
May 14, 2 ships.......
May 21, 3 ships.......
June 14, 3 ships____
June 21,1 ship........
June 30, 2 ships____
July 7, 2 ships....... .
July 14, 2 ships____
July 21, 2 ships........
July 31, 3 ships........
Aug. 7, 2 ships.........
Out
put Labor
Cargo
per cost
tonnage Man- manper
(rev hours hour rev
enue
(rev enue
tons 0
enue to n 1
tons1)
Other weeks— Continued
L in e No. 9— Con.
1,066
1,336
1,694
822
1,592
1, 752
2,521
945
1,079
2,158
1,725
617
1,639
1,245
1,295
1,469
2,359
1,937
1.00
1,112 1.20
1,059
1,624
751
1,412
1.646
2,400
924
884
2,157
1,370
517
1,357
1,175
1,096
1,218
1,954
1,748
.98
1.09
1.13
1.06
1.05
1.02
1.22
1.00
$0.90
.75
.92
.83
.80
.85
.86
.88
1.21
.74
.90
.71
.76
.74
1.21
1.21
1.11
.76
. 74
.74
.81
1.26
1.19
1.06
1.18
.85
Aug. 14, 2
Aug. 21, 2 ships.
Aug. 31, 3 ships.
Sept. 7 ,1 ship..
Sept. 14, 3 ships
Sept. 21, 2 ships.
Sept. 30, 3 ships.
Oct. 14, 3 ships.
Oct. 21, 2 ships .
Oct. 31, 3 ships.
Nov. 7 ,1 ship..
Nov. 14, 2 ships.
Nov. 21, 1 ship.
Nov. 30, 4 ships.
Dec. 7 ,1 ship...
Dec. 14, 2 ships.
Dec. 21, 3 ships.
Dec. 31, 3 ships.
1,288
1,337
1,916
861
2,746
1,366
2,116
2,087
1,224
1,515
430
1,449
631
2,355
623
1,097
1,861
1,717
1,262
1,165
1,792
683
2,647
1,233
1,835
2, 111
1,129
1,568
438
1,280
591
2,344
525
1,067
1,650
1,411
1.02
1.15
1.07
1.26
1.04
1.11
1 .15
.99
1.08
.97
.98
1.13
1.07
1.00
1.19
1.03
1.13
1.22
$0.88
.78
.84
.71
.87
.81
.78
.91
.83
.93
.92
.80
.84
.90
.76
.87
.80
.74
Loading cargo
L in e No. 10
Other weeks
Total, 118 ships......... 146,173 114,759
1.27
$0.71
Weeks with maximum efficiency
June 2 1 ,1 ship..........
1,267
860
1.47
$0.61
Nov. 30, 5 ships........
1,232
1, 281
1,635
1,265
1, 357
790
924
1,121
888
926
1.56
1.39
1.46
1.42
1.47
.58
.65
.62
.63
.61
Total...............
6,770
4,649
1.46
.62
Weeks with m inimumefficiency
Feb. 28, 3 ships.........
1,160
1,309
880
1,081
1,069
1,015
1.07
1.22
.87
$0.84
.74
1.03
Total...............
3,349
3,165
1.06
.85
July 14, 2 ships.........
1,224
1,079
1,099
971
1.11
1.11
.81
.81
Total...............
2,303
2,070
1.11
.81
Weeks zoith average efficiency
Feb. 14, 3 ships-------
1,049
1,185
1,195
901
882
916
1.16
1.34
1.30
$0.78
.67
.69
Total................
3,429
2,699
1.27
.71
May 14, 2 ships.........
1,466
1,279
1,229
927
1.19
1.38
.76
.65
Total...............
2,745
2,1.56
1.27
.71
* L'hort tons.
L in e No. 10—Con.
Jan. 7, 2 ships_____
Jan. 14,1 snip..........
Jan. 21, 3 ships_____
Jan. 31, 4 ships_____
Feb. 7, 3 ships........
Feb. 21, 3 ships....... .
Mar. 7, 3 ships........ .
Mar. 14, 2 ships........
Mar. 21, 3 ships____
Mar. 31,1 ship_____
Apr. 7, 2 ships.........
Apr. 14, 2 ships.......
Apr. 21, 2 ships____
Apr. 30, 3 ships____
May 7, 2 ships.........
May 21, 2 ships.......
May 31, 3 ships.......
June 7,1 ship........
June 14, 3 ships____
June 30, 3 ships.......
July 7, 2 ships......... .
July 21, 2 ships....... .
July 31, 3 ships.........
Aug. 7, 2 ships..........
Aug. 14, 2 ships____
Aug. 21, 2 ships........
Aug. 31, 4 ships........
Sept. 7,1 ship......... .
Sept. 14, 3 ships____
Sept. 21, 2 ships____
Sept. 30, 3 ships____
Oct. 7,1 ship______
Oct. 14, 3 ships____
Oct. 21, 2 ships.......
Oct. 31, 3 ships....... .
Nov. 7, 2 ships........
Nov. 14, 2 ships...... .
Nov. 21, 2 ships...... .
Dec. 7,1 ship..........
Dec. 14, 3 ships.......
Dec. 21, 5 ships.......
Dec. 31, 4 ships.......
2,457
1,192
3,143
4,315
3,658
4,062
3,905
2,501
3,957
1,436
3,022
2,813
3,061
3,863
2,926
2,789
3,809
1,092
3,349
3,576
2,071
2,253
3,433
2,381
2,443
2,260
4,686
996
3,793
2,274
3,557
1,065
3,778
2,472
3,706
2,735
2,422
2,447
1,159
4,282
6,492
4,679
1,968
1,045
2,552
3,420
2,828
3,362
3,304
2,009
3,452
1,046
2,196
2,325
2,260
2,727
2,347
2,050
3,022
840
2,721
2,765
1,488
1,856
2,703
1,745
1,913
1,886
3,784
848
2,999
1,759
2,733
864
2,859
2,082
2,951
2,111
1,911
1,903
827
3,289
5,007
3,403
1.25
1.14
1.23
1.26
1.29
1.21
1.18
1.24
1.15
1.37
1.38
1. 21
1. 35
1.42
1.25
1.36
1.26
1.30
1.23
1.29
1.39
1.21
1.27
1.36
1.28
1.20
1.24
1.17
1.26
1.29
1.30
1.23
1.32
1.19
1.26
1.30
1.27
1.29
1.40
1.30
1.30
1.37
$0.72
.79
.73
.71
.70
. 74
.76
.73
.78
.66
.65
.74
.67
.63
.72
.66
.71
.69
.73
.70
.65
.74
.7 1
.66
.70
.75
.73
.77
.7 1
.70
.69
.73
.68
.76
.71
.69
.7 1
.70
.64
.69
.69
.66
145
PORTLAND, OREG. (1926)
T a b le
17.—PRODU CTIVITY OF LA BO R AND LABOR COST IN HANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES
Discharging cargo
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
nue
tons tons1
tons tons1
ton ton1
Pipe
Line No. 11:
2,399 22,688
90.5
26.5 229.7
14.1
1.88 22.11 $0.48 2$0.43
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (March) 3........................
No. 2 (March)8_____ ________
150
49
2 168
255
4.5
1.5
33.3 237.3
32.7 236.7
10.0
11.0
3.33 23.73 $0.27 2$0.24
2.97 23.33
.30 2 .27
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (July)4- . ....................
67
212
2 75
2237
2.5
10.0
26.8 230.0
21.2 223.7
17.0
16.0
1.58 21.76 $0.57 2$0.51
1.33 21.48
.68 2.61
Total. -----------------------------
279
2312
12.5
22.3 225.0
16.2
1.38 '21.54
.65
2.58
No. 4 (December)4...................
154
2 173
7.0
22.0 224.7
15.0
1.47 j21.65
.61
2.55
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March)4. .................. —
103
94
2 115
2 106
Total...... ................... ...........
197
No. 6 (June)3----- ------ ----------
95
5.0
2.5
20.6 223.0
37.6 242.4
14.0
17.0
1.47 21.64 $0.61 2$0. 55
2.21 22.49
.41 2.36
2 221
7.5
26.3 229.5
15.0
1.75 21.96
51
2.46
2106
3.5
27.1 230.2
16.0
1.70 21.89
.53
2.48
Line No. 12:
Total, 13 ships...... ................... 4,598 2 5,147
170.0
27.0 230.3
12.7
2.13 22.39 $0.43 2$0.38
Steel
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (February)..
No. 2 (August)__
429
793
2 480
2888
11.5
28.5
37.3 241.7
27.8 231.2
12.0
11.0
3.11 23.48 $0.29 2$0.26
2.53 22.83
.36 2.32
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (January).
No. 4 (June)___
129
119
2144
2133
6.5
8.0
19.8 222.2
14.9 216.6
16.0
12.0
1.24 21.38 $0.73
1.24 21.39
.73
!$ 0 . 6 5
2 .6 5
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (June)............
No. 6 (November)..
279
216
2312
2 242
10.5
8.0
26.6 229.7
27.0 230.3
12.0
12.0
2.21 22.48 $0.40 2$0.36
2.25 22.52
.40 2.36
5,735 2 6,426
135.0
42.5 247.6
16.5
2.57 22.88 $0.35 2$0.31
T in P late
Line No. 13:
Total, 21 ships.........
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January).......................
No. 2 (November).............. .
298
181
2334
2203
5.5
3.0
54.2 260.7
60.3 267.7
17.0
18.0
3.19 23.57 $0.28 2$0.25
3.35 23.76
.27 2.24
1 Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
2 Short tons.
3 Discharged directly to cars.
* Discharged to dock. For ships Nos. 3 and 5 data shown, other than totals, are for daily or hatch
productivity and cost.
146
T a b le
GENERAL TABLES
17.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
T in
P la t e —
Reve
nue
tons1
Ships with m inim um efficiency
Continued
Line No. 13—Continued.
No. 3 (March).........................
No. 4 (September)................ .
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
age
gang-hour
per—
num
Gangber
of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue Long
nue gang
nue
tons tons1
ton ton
tons tons1
1
152
104
2170
2 116
27.6 230.9
34.7 238.7
5.5
3.0
16.0
19.0
1.73 21.93 $0.52 2$0.47
1.82 22.04
.49
2.44
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March)...... ...................
No. 6 (July)..............................
109
329
2 122
2368
2.5
6.5
43.6 248.8
50.6 256.6
$0.35 2$0.31
.36 2.32
17.0
20.0
2.56
2.53
11.8
2.14 22.40 $0.43 2$0.38
22.87
22.83
Loading cargo
C opper
Line No. 14: *
Total, 9 ships.
7,960 28,915
315.0
25.3 228.3
Ships with maximum efficiency
2.59 22.90 $0.35 2$0.31
2.74 23.07
.33 2.29
2.63 22.94
.34 2.31
No. 1 (February)__
228
241
246
2 255
2270
-275
8.0
8.0
8.5
28.5 231.9
30.1 233.8
28.9 232.4
11.0
11.0
11.0
Total....................
715
2800
24.5
29.2 232.7
11.0
2.65 22.97
.34
2.30
No. 2 (December),.
670
625
2 750
2 700
19.0
26.0
35.3 239.5
24.0 226.9
11.0
11.0
3.21 23.59
2.19 22.45
.28
.41
2.25
2.37
1,295 2 1,450
45.0
28.8 232.2
11.0
2.62 22.93
.35
2.31
Total...................
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (April)______
Total...................
2 155
2502
2422
2 603
5.0
14.0
17.5
30.0
27.6
32.0
21.5
17.9
231.0
235.9
224.1
220.1
14.0
12.0
14.0
15.0
1.97
2.67
1.54
1.20
1,501 2 1,682
138
448
377
538
22.21 $0.46 2$0.41
22.99
.34 2.30
‘ 1.72
.58 2.52
21.34
.75 2.67
66.5
22.6 225.3
14.0
1.61 21.80
.56
2.50
No. 4 (September).
208
573
2233
2642
12.0
26.5
17.3 219.4
21.6 224.2
12.0
11.0
1.44 21.62
1.97 22.20
.63
.46
2.56
2.41
Total...................
781
2875
38.5
20.3 222.7
11.3
1.79 22.01
.50
2.45
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April)_____
367
330
2 411
2 370
13.0
16.0
28.2 231.6
20.6 223.1
Total...................
697
2 781
29.0
No. 6 (September).
688
2 771
27.5
11.0
12.0
2.57 22.87 $0.35 2$0.31
1.72 21.93
.52 2.47
24.0 226.9
11.6
2.08 22.33
.44
2.39
25.0 228.0
12.0
2.08 22.34
.43
2.38
1 Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
2Short tons.
5 Data shown, other than totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost.
147
PORTLAND, OREG. (1926)
T a b le
17.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN HANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue Long
nue
tons tons1 gang tons tons1
ton nue
ton1
tons1
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
D ooss
Line No. 15:
Total, 7 ships_______________ 3,811
4,267
352.0
10.8
12.1
19.0
0.57
693
650
655
598
520
471
680
47.0
42.5
57.5
54.5
41.5
42.5
66.5
13.2
13.6
10.1
9.8
11.2
9.9
9.1
14.7
15.3
11.4
11.0
12.5
11.1
10.2
19.0
19.0
19.2
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
.69
.72
.53
.52
.59
.52
.48
Line No. 16:
Total, 30 ships______________ 13,028 214,593
207.8
62.7 270.2
27.1
No. 1 (January)_____________
No. 2 (April) — ................. No. 3 (July) ______________
No. 4 (August)
No. 5 (October)_____________
No. 6 (November)...... .........
No. 7 (December)_____ ______
620
580
583
535
465
420
608
0.64 $1.58
.78
.81
.59
.58
.66
.58
.54
1.30
1.25
1.70
1.73
1.53
1.73
1.88
$1.41
1.15
1.11
1.53
1.55
1.36
1.55
1.67
Flour•
2.31 2 2.59 $0.39 2$0.35
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (February)___________
No. 2 (December)___________
223
631
2 250
2707
3.0
8.5
74.3 283.3
74.2 283.2
26.0
26.0
2.86 23.21 $0.31 2$0.28
.31
2.86 23.20
2.28
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
354
2397
No. 3 (August) ____________
_____________ No. 337
4 (October)
2 377
8.0
7.0
44.3 249.6
48.1 253.9
30.0
28.0
1.48 21.65 $0.61 2$0.55
1.72 21.92
.52
2.47
Ships with average efficiency
839
2 940
No. 5 (April)________________
421
2 471
No. 6 (August)______________
Line No. 17:
Total, 20 ships____ ___ - _____ 21,806 24,425
14.1
7.0
576.0
59.5 266.7
60.1 267.3
26.0
26.0
2.29 22.57 $0.39 2$0.35
.39 2.35
2.31 22.59
37.9
24.7
1. 53
42.4
1.72 $0.59
$0.52
$0.39
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (March)___
446
500
8.0
55.8
62.5
27.0
2.06
2.31 $0.44
No. 2 (August)—
Pier 2..............
Pier 3..............
446
446
500
500
9.0
5.0
49.6 55.6
89.2 100.0
28.0
31.0
1.77
2.88
1.99
3.23
.51
31
.45
28
Total...........
892
1,000
14.0
63.7
29.1
2.19
2.45
.41
.37
$0.45
.60
71.3
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (November)—
Pier 2..................................
Pier 3..................................
T otal-...........................
No. 4 (December)—
Pier 2..................................
Pier 3.............................. .
Total. ......................... .
640
808
717
905
12.5
24.0
51.2
33.7
57.4
37.7
29.0
25.0
1.77
1.35
1.98 $0.51
1.51
.67
1,448
1,622
36.5
39.7
44.4
26.4
1.50
1.69
.60
.53
688
437
771
489
16.0
14.5
43.0
30.1
48.2
33.7
28.0
26.0
1.54
1.16
1.72
1.30
.58
.78
.52
.69
1,125
1,260
30.5
36.9
41.3
27.0
1.36
1.52
.66
.59
* Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
2 Short tons.
6 Loaded by portable conveyors.
148
T a b le
GENERAL TABLES
17.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
Reve men
Reve
Reve
Long
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
nue
nue
ton to
tons tons1
tons tons1
n1
tons1
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
F l o u r — Continued
Ships with average efficiency
Line No. 17—Continued.
No. 5 (April)—
Pier 1.......................
Pier 3. ......................
892
587
1,000
656
20.5
24.0
43 5
24.4
48.8
27.3
27.0
18.3
1.61
1.33
1.81 $0.56
1.49
.68
$0.50
.60
Total. ...................
1,479
1,656
44.5
33.2
37.2
22.3
1.49
1.67
.60
.54
No. 6 (April)—
Pier 2.......................
Pier 1........................
Pier 1........................
436
698
174
488
782
195
10.5
16.0
5.5
41.5
43.6
31.6
46.5
48.9
35.5
27.0
28.0
28.0
1.54
1.56
1.13
1.72
1.75
1.27
.58
.58
.80
.52
.51
.71
T otal....................
1,308
1,465
32.0
40.9
45.8
27.7
1.48
1.66
.61
.54
Line No. 18:7
Total, 11 ships................
7,385
8,272
172.0
42.9
48.1
25.6
1.68
1.88 $0.52
$0.46
2.40 $0.42
2.08
.48
$0.38
.43
1.56 $0.65
1.08
.94
$0.58
.83
1.87
1.81
$0.48
.50
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (April)_____
No. 2 (September).
750
871
840
976
14.0
18.0
53.6
48.4
60.0
54.2
25.0
26.0
2.14
1.86
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (February) No. 4 (August)__
415
262
4fi5
293
11.5
10.5
36.1
25.0
40.4
28.0
26.0
26.0
1.39
.96
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March)..................
No. 6 (A pril)...................
540
1,771
605
13.5
39.0
1.67
1.62
44.8
50.8
24.0
28.0
24,752 2.088.0
11.9
13.0
0.91
$0.99
186
497
1,591
831
456
225
415
926
462
216
26.6
44.7
126.2
82.8
34.1
7.0
11.5
.54
9.1
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
1.67
1.02
.93
1.17
.87
1.08
1.03
.74
.98
1.29
812
766
1,841
1,038
1,082
1,082
607
1,193
926
448
860
3,196
942
76.0
64.5
119.6
67.5
81.8
95.4
67.0
115.3
79.3
50.5
72.3
316.9
10.7
11.9
15.4
15.4
13.2
11.3
9.1
10.3
11.7
8.9
11.9
10.1
13.5
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
40.0
45.4
0.54
.56
L u m be r
Line No. 19:
Total, 29 ships..................
Long-Bell—
No. 1(April).............
No. 2 (April)............
No. 3 (June).............
No. 4 (July).............
No. 5 (August) ___
No. 6 (August)........
No. 7 (October).......
No. 8 (October).......
No. 9 (October).......
No. 10 (November) Westport—
No. 11 (January)___
No. 12 (February) _ _
No. 13 (February)._
No. 14 (March).......
No. 15 (M ay)...........
No. 16 (M ay)______
No. 17 (M ay)...........
No. 18 (June)..........
No. 19 (July)______
No. 20 (August)____
No. 21 (August).......
No. 22 (September) .
No. 23 (November) _
21.0
36.8
58.8
38.5
23.8
1 Except for, lumber, which is, in 1,000 board feet.
12.6
10.0
13.4
10.7
11.3
15.7
12.0
.88
.97
.77
1.03
.83
.87
1.21
.92
.70
.91
1.18
1.18
1.02
.87
.70
.79
.90
.68
.91
.78
1.04
7 Loaded at Astoria.
1.10
.99
.76
.76
.88
1.03
1.29
1.14
1.00
1.32
.99
1.15
.87
149
PORTLAND, OREG. (1926)
T a b le
17.—P R O D U C T IV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G INDIVIDUAL
C O M M O D ITIE S—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve per Long Reve
nue gang tons nue Long
nue
tons tons1
tons1 ton ton 1
L u m ber— Continued
Line No. 19—Continued.
Other
Columbia
River
ports8—
No. 24 (M ay).............. .
No. 25 (M ay).............. .
No. 26 (June)...............
No. 27 (July)..... ...........
No. 28 (November)___
No. 29 (December).......
Line No. 20:
Total, 13 ships.
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
1.51
.99
.79
.96
.90
1.03
$0.60
.91
1.14
.94
75.3
19.6
12.9
10.3
12.5
11.7
13.4
36,485 3,056.0
11.9
13.2
0.90
$1.00
457
514
427
1,040
1,013
35.8
35.4
49.8
34.1
88.6
1.00
.87
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (January) at—
Long-Bell...................
Inman Paulsen Pier_.
Astoria.......................
71.5
125.5
51.0
14.6
16.1
13.0
13.0
13.0
1.12
248.0
14.3
13.0
1.10
.82
1,585
465
106.5
43.5
76.5
14.9
10.7
12.9
13.0
11.0
13.0
1.14
.97
.79
.93
.91
3,030
16.5
13.4
12.6
1.06
.85
0.89
.77
.77
$1.01
1,043
2,016
500
T o ta l.
No. 2 (April) at—
Inman Paulsen Pier___
Astoria...........................
Southern Pacific Siding
Total..
1.24
.75
$0.80
.73
1.20
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (February) at—
Beaver Mills..............
St. Helens..................
Inman Paulsen Pier..
Total .
No. 4 (March) at—
Eastern and Western Pier.
Westport............................
Total .
994
950
1,149
86.0
95.0
114.5
11.6
10.0
10.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
3,093
295.5
10.5
13.0
1,072
40.0
105.0
11.7
10.2
15.0
15.0
1,540
145.0
10.7
15.0
1.17
1.17
1.11
.78
1.15
1.32
1.27
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (June) at—
Inman Paulsen PierWest Oregon Mills.
Inman Paulsen Pier-
1,524
620
410
136.5
49.5
28.5
11.2
12.5
14.4
13.0
13.0
13.0
0.86
.96
1.11
.92
2,554
214.5
12.0
13.0
No. 6 (November) at—
Inman Paulsen Pier-
2,025
181.0
11.2
12.7
Line No. 21:
Total, 11 ships.................
30,373
3,226
9.4
12.0
Total.
1 Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
8 Includes St. Helen, Wilson, Vancouver, East and West Mills, and Linton.
$1.05
.94
.81
1.02
0.79
$1.14
150
T a b le
GENERAL TABLES
17.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABO R COST IN H A N DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo—Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons*
Ships with m axim um efficiency
L u m ber— Continued
Line No. 21—Continued.
No. 1 (November)........—
No. 2 (November)______
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
age
man-hour
gang-hour
per—
num
Gangber
of
hours
men Long Reve Long Reve
Long Reve
nue
nue
nue
per
tons tons1
gang tons tons1 ton ton 1
3,334
3,402
275.0
293.5
12.1 11.6
11.6 10.6
1.04
1.09
$0.87
.83
0.59
.64
$1.53
1.41
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (April)___
No. 4 (October) -
2,303
3, x05
309.0
4,140
7.5
7.5
12.6
11.7
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April)..........
No. 6 (September) _
Line No. 22:
Total, 26 ships.......
1,822
3,972
193.0
408.5
50,987 5,388.0 .........
9.4
9.7
12.6
12.2
0.75
.79
$1.20
1.14
9.5
13.0
0.73
$1.23
0.96
.95
$0.94
.95
0.59
.52
$1.53
1.73
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (April)..
No. 2 (April)..
2,796
923
216.0
74.5
12.9
12.4
13.5
13.0
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (March)........
No. 4 (September) -
3,176
629
417.0
93.0
7.6
12.9
13.0
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (August).......
No. 6 (November) .
Line No. 23:
Total, 7 ships-.......
No. 1 (January)—
Terminal No. 4.........
Westport....................
Long-Bell...................
Inman Paulsen Pier..
Beaver Mills.............
Total.
No. 2 (February)—
Terminal No. 4.........
Inman Paulsen Pier..
Terminal No. 4.........
174.0
231.0
9.1
10.2
12.6
13.8
0.72
.74
$1. 25
1.22
16,801 1,864.0
9.0
14.1
0.64
$1.41
.72
.74
1.25
1.22
1.32
1.48
1.32
1,577
2,347
183
463
841
365
158
19.5
44.5
88.0
42.5
16.5
9.4
10.4
9.5
8.5
9.5
13.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
2, OlO
211.0
9.5
13.9
364
1,713
322
43.5
174.0
42.5
8.4
9.8
7.6
14.0
14.0
14.0
260.0
9.2
14.0
TotalNo. 3 (March)—
Terminal No. 4.........
Knappton__________
Inman Paulsen Pier_.
421
496
1,287
45.5
46.0
149.5
9.2
10.8
8.5
14.0
15.0
14.0
Total_____ _______
2,204
241.0
9.2
14.2
1 Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
.61
.68
.68
1.32
1.50
1.29
1.67
.66
1. 36
1.36
1.25
1.48
.64
151
PORTLAND, OREG. (1920)
T a b le 17.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H AN DLING INDIVIDU AL
CO M M O D ITIE S—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
age
gang-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
per Long Reve Long Reve
Long Reve
nue
nue ton nue
gang
tons tons1
tons tons1
to n 1
L u m ber— Continued
Line No. 23—Continued.
No. 4 (March)—
Westport____________ - __
Terminal No. 4__________
TTnappton
Tpm^n Pan IsAn Piftr
Beaver Mills____________
Tnmftn Pftftlsftn Pifir,
629
337
352
723
261
986
65.0
38.0
38.0
67.0
34.0
130.5
9.7
8.8
9.2
10.8
7.7
9.5
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
15.0
14.0
0.69
.63
.61
.77
.51
.68
$1.30
1.43
1.36
1.17
1.76
1.32
14.1
.68
1.32
14.0
12.0
14.0
14.0
14.0 -------
.62
.86
.62
.69
.64 -------
1.45
1.05
1.45
1.30
1.41
Total_________________
3,288
345.5
9.5
No. 5 (M ay)—
Westport________________
Astoria_________________
TftnniTiftl No, 4
._
Tnmftn Paulsen Pier...
Eastern and Western Pier.
526
233
341
1,044
350
61.0
22.5
39.5
108.5
39.0
8.7
10.3
8.7
9.7
9.0
Total..............................-
2,494
70.5
9.2
13.8
.67
1.34
No. 6 (July)—
Inman Paulsen Pier_____
Westport_______________
Terminal No. 4__________
Inman Paulsen Pier_____
351
408
165
893
41.5
57.0
25.0
108.0
6.7
7.1
6.6
15.0
14.0
14.0
15.0
.56
.51
.47
.55
1.61
1.76
1.91
1.64
Total_______ __________
1,817
231. 5
7.9
14.6
.54
1.67
7.4
9.5
5.6
7.1
9.0
14.0
14.0 .........
15.0
15.0
14 0
.53
.68 .........
.47
.59
.64
1.70
1.32
1.91
1.53
1.41
8.5
14.4
.59
1.53
27.4
21.0
No. 7 (November)—
Knapp ton....
37.5
57.5 ------52.5
61.5
95.5
Inman Paulsen P ie r_____
Beaver Mills____________
Eastern and Western Pier.
Tnmaii Paulsen Pier_____
276
545
374
540
854
Total_________________
2,589
304.5
4,213
154.0
S a lm o n *
Line No. 24:
Total, 16 ships______________
3,764
24.4
1.16
1.30 $0.78
$0.69
1.76 $0. 57
1. 55
.65
$0.51
.58
1.06 $0.95
1.11
.91
$0.85
.81
1.31 $0.77
1.31
.77
$0.69
.69
Ships with maximum efficiency
328
No. 1 (July)..............................
367
2 (July) 201
________________ No. 179
9.9
6.2
32.1
28.4
37.1
32.4
21.0
21.0
1. 57
1.38
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (September)__________
No. 4 (October)_____________
373
134
418
150
18.7
6.4
20.4
21.2
22.4
23.4
21.0
21.0
0.95
.99
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (June)________________
No. 6 (October)____ ____ ____
395
308
442
345
1 Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
7 Loaded at Astoria.
1 6 .1 2 4 . 5
12.6 |24.4
27.5
27.4
21.0
21.0
1.17
1.17
San Francisco (1926)
T a b le
18.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO, BY
KIN D OF T R A D E AND IN DIVIDUAL COM M ODITIES
Output per Aver Output per Average
age man-hour labor cost
gang-hour
per—
num
ber
of
men Long Reve
Reve
Long Reve
nue
per tons nue Long nue
tons tons
gang
tons ton ton
Cargo tonnage
Operation, line number,
and commodity
G^nghours
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Foreign trade 1
Discharging cargo:
Europe, No. 1__
Orient—
No. 2..........
No. 3..........
No. 4...........
Latin AmericaNo. 5..........
No. 6..........
Loading cargo:
Europe—
No. 7..........
No. 8..........
Orient—
No. 9..........
No. 10........ .
No. 11.........
No. 12........
Latin America—
No. 13........
No. 14_____
___
___
27,107
1.241.5
21.8
13.9
2 18,010
130,444
15,502
600.5
4.639.0
552.0
26.8
18.6
2 30.0
28.1
28.1
12.9
18.0
18.0
2.08 2 2.32 $0.43 2.39
1.03 1.56
.87
.58
1.56
.58
40,348
50,267
245,189
1.960.5
1.910.0
21.1
25.6
2 23.7
15.8
19.2
1.62
1.10 2 1.23
.56
.82 2.73
30,644
63,340
37,095
85,410
1.084.5
3.011.0
28.3
21.0
34.2
28.4
19.1
19.7
1.48
1.07
1.79
1.44
.61
.84
.50
.63
35,956
323,443
50,743
99,859
189,395
8.778.0
1.697.5 21.2
3.529.5
7,138.2 ~l6."9
36.8
29.9
28.3
26.5
17.0
17.6
18.0
18.0
1.20
2.17
1.70
1.57
1.47
.75
.96
.41
.53
.57
.61
317.0
4.362.0
24.7
22.3
16.7
15.8 : : : : : :
1,48 .........
1.41
.61
.64
16,082
120,855
7,819
97,141
1.57
.94
$0.57
Intercoastal trade 1
Discharging cargo:
No. 15.............................
No. 16.............................
No. 17..............................
No. 18..............................
No. 19..............................
No. 20..............................
Loading cargo:
No. 21..............................
No. 22.............................
No. 23.............................
No. 24.............................
16,224 218,171
41,627 246,523
86.706 2 97,110
36,323 2 40,567
127,628 2143,191
26,700 229,903
952.5
2,750.5
5,352.8
2,262.6
9,647.5
2,304.0
17.0
15.1
16.2
16.1
13.2
11.6
2 19.1
2 16.9
2 18.1
2 17.9
214.8
2 13.0
15.8
15.5
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.08
.98
.90
.89
.74
.64
2 1.21 $0.83 2$0.74
2 1.09
.92 2.83
2 1.01 1.00 2.89
2.99 1.01 2.91
2.83 1.22 2 1.08
2.72 1.41 2 1.25
111,693 2 167,652
133,081 2 149,050
138,062 2 154,803
54,146 2 60,644
5,811.0
6,564.0
7,469,0
350.7
19.2
20.3
18.5
15.4
2 28.9
222.7
2 20.7
2 17.3
18.0
18.8
18.0
17.6
1.07
1.08
1.03
.86
21.60
2 1. 21
2 1.15
2.97
.84
,83
.87
1.05
2.56
2.74
2.78
2.93
Coastwise trade 1
Discharging cargo: No. 25Loading cargo: No. 26........
2247,185 3 182,763.0
2 193,025 3 170,645.8
2$0.67
2 1 .3 5
2 1 .1 3
2.80
Individual commodities 1
Discharging cargo:
Lumber—
4 30,312
No. 27..................... .
* 42,067
No. 28..................... .
4 18,965
No. 29.....................
414,845
No. 30.....................
478,558
No. 315...................
12,296 2 13,770
Nitrate of soda, No. 32..
14,174 2 15,875
Ore, No. 33....................
Pineapples, canned, No.
34................................ 158,027 2 176,986
Sugar, raw—
No. 35..................... 502,426 6 8,916,404
No. 36..................... . 221,641 64,095,418
Loading cargo:
7,372 8 194,739
Case oil, No. 37..............
Copper, No. 38..............
12,216 213,682
1 Wage rate: 90 cents per hour.
2 Short tons.
3 Man-hours,
152
963.0
1.539.5
556.8
608.5
1.142.5
411.5
375.3
29.9
37.8
4 31.5
4 27.3
4 34.1
4 24.4
4 68.8
2 33.5
2 42.3
4.548.0
34.7
2
38.9
18.8
1.85
5.305.0
3.724.0
94.7 «1,681.0
59.5 8 1,100.0
21.0
26.6
4.51 «80.10
2.24 6 41.30
.20 71.12
236.0
400.7
31.2 8825.2
30.5 2 34.1
16.
18.0
1.86 »49.10
2 1.89
.48 •1.83
.53 2 . 4 8
4 1,000 board feet.
5 Discharged with crane.
15.3
15.5
24.4
19.9
11.5
20.3
17.5
4 2.05
41.76
$0.44
4. 5 1
41.
41.
4. 6 5
4. 7 3
4 5.98
1.47 2 1.65 $0.61
2.16 2 2.41
.42
2 .5 5
2 .3 7
2.07
2.43
1.
2
.49
4. 1 5
.40 7 2.18
* Per 100 bags.
• Per 100 cases.
F
ig u r e
4 3.—
d is c h a r g in g
, S
o r t in g
,
and
r e m o v in g
L
u m b er
in
S
an
F
r a n c isc o
153
SAN FRANCISCO (1926)
T a b le 19.*—PR ODU CTIVITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLING CARGO IN
FOREION TR AD E
Discharging cargo: Europe
Output per Aver Output per Average
labor cost
gang-hour age
man-hour
per—
num
Gangber
of
hours
Rev men
per Long Rev Long Rev
Revenue
Long enue
enue
tons tons gang tons enue
tons
tons ton ton
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
L in e N o. l
Total, 10 ships.______________
27,107 1,241.5
21.8
13.9
1.57
$0.57
2.07
2.05
$0.39
.44
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June): Ore____________
No. 2 (September): Coke..........
3,185
4,911
31.2
28.8
102.0
170.5
13.0
14.0
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (November):
Coke____________________
Manganese (bulk)________
Manganese (barrels)______
1,661
455
409
Total................................
2,525
No. 4 (April):
Coke____________________
Chalk...................................
General cargo____________
3,237
546
145
Total__ _______________
3,928
153.5
16.5
14.0
1.15
$0.78
243.5
16.2
14.0
1.17
.77
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April):
Tin plate_____ ____ ______
General cargo__ __________
1,528
243
Total__________________
1,771
57.0
31.1
19.0
1.63
$0.55
No. 6 (March): General cargo .
463
19.0
24.4
16.0
1.53
.59
Discharging cargo: Orient
Lin e N o. 2
2.08 12.32 $0.43 1$0.39
2.45 12.74
.37 1.33
Total, 13 ships...........................
Copra *.................................
16,082
11,735
i 18,010
113,142
No. 1 (October): Copra 8..........
375
327
329
335
320
382
363
141
1420
1366
1368
1375
1358
1428
1407
1158
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
12.0
10.0
3.5
46.9
40.9
41.1
41.9
40.0
31.8
36.3
40.3
152.5
145.8
146.1
146.9
144.8
135.7
140.7
145.1
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
4.26
3.72
3.74
3.81
3.64
2.89
3.30
3.66
600.5
407.0
26.8 130.0
28.8 132.3
12.9
11.8
Ships with m aximum efficiency
14.77 bo. 21 i$0.19
14.17
.25 1 .22
14.19
.24 1.21
14.27
.24 1.21
14.08
.25 1 .22
13.24
.31 1.28
13.70
.27 1.24
14.10
.25 1.22
Total.................................
2,572
12,880
65.5
39.3 144.0
11.0
3.57 14.00
.25
1.23
No. 2 (July): Copra8................
560
849
850
850
927
920
1627
1951
1952
1952
U,038
U,030
19.5
22.0
21.0
22.0
24.0
24.0
28.7
38.6
40.5
38.6
38.6
38.3
132.2
143.2
145.3
143.3
143.3
142.9
11.0
10.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
2.61
3.86
3.68
3.51
3.51
3.48
12.92
14.32
14.12
13.93
13.93
13.90
.34
.23
.24
.26
.26
.26
1.31
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.23
1.23
Total.................................
4,956
i 5,550
132.5
37.4 141.9
10.8
3.45 13.86
.26
1.23
* Shor* tons.
*Data only for quantity for which separate labor time was available.
8 Data shown, other than totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost.
66490°—32---- U
154
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 19.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABOR AND LABOR COST IN HAN DLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E-Continued
Discharging cargo: Orient— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Rev per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
gang
tons enue
tons enue
tons
tons ton
ton
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
L ine N o. 2—Continued
No. 3 (February): General cargo.
No. 4 (July):
Copra___________________
General cargo____________
Total..............................-
302
1338
18.5
16.3 118.3
12.0
1.36 11.52 $0.66 i$0.59
378
241
1423
1270
28.0
14.5
13.5 U5.1
16.6 118.6
12.0
16.0
1.12 11.26
1.04 il. 16
.80
.87
1.87
1.78
619
1693
42.5
14.6 116.3
13.4
1.09 11.22
.83
1.74
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (December): Copra_____
No. 6 (December): Copra_____
721
315
1808
1353
28.0
135.0
25.8 128.9
23.4 126.2
13.0
12.0
1.98 12.22 $0.45 i $0.41
1.95 12.18
.46 1.41
18.6
18.0
1.03
L ine N o. 3 4
5 86,334 «130,444 4,639.0
Total, 26
28.1
1.56 $0.87
$0.58
$0.39
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (M ay):
Hemp___________________
Pig iron_________________
General cargo......................
D o.............................. -
510
92
357
572
102
6,409
Total__________________
4,750
7,440
254
275
457
525
284
307
6,148
4,975
7,721
No. 2 (January):
Hemp and cotton_________
Coffee___________________
Pig iron_________________
General cargo____________
D o „ ........................ ......
Total__________________
178.3
26.6
41.8
18.0
1.48
2.32 $0.61
210.6
23.6
36.7
18.0
1.31
2.04
.69
.44
1.24 $1.11
$0.73
Ships with m inim um efficiency
2,650
4,054
No. 4 (February):
Rattan__________________
Pig imn „ ___
General cargo____________
Do__________________
300
272
293
336
303
3,500
Total__________________
2,870
4,432
No. 3 (December): General cargo.
181.0
14.6
22.3
18.0
0.81
190.2
15.1
23.2
18.0
.84
1.29
1.07
.70
1.51 $0.88
$0.60
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (July):
H e m p __________________
General cargo - __________
172
4,188
Total__________________
2,950
4,360
160.9
18.4
27.2
18.0
1.02
No. 6: General cargo_________
2,270
3,483
130.8
17.3
26.6
18.0
.96
15,502
552.0
28.1
18.0
1.48
.94
.61
L ine N o. 4
Total, 9 ships.
_____ ______
1.56
$0.58
i Short tons.
* Passenger line.
• Principal commodities: Pig iron, 3,955 long tons or 4,430 revenue tons; hemp, 6,859 revenuo tons.
155
SAN FRANCISCO (1926)
T a b l e 19-—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN HANDLING CARGO IN
F OREIGN TR AD E —Continued
Discharging cargo: Orient— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
Rev men
Revenue
Long enue
per Long Rev Long Rev
tons tons gang tons enue ton enue
tons
ton
tons
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Ships with m axim um efficiency
L in e N o . 4— Continued
No. 1 (M ay): General cargo .
No. 2 (November): General
cargo______ i ______________
3,288
97.9
33.7
18.0
1.87
$0.48
1,695
57.6
29.3
18.0
1.63
.55
$0.77
S kips with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (April):
Sugar___________________
Copra___________________
General cargo____________
758
258
Total__ _______________
No. 4 (November):
Copra___________________
Lumber_________________
General cargo____________
849
289
130
1,268
400
60.2
21.1
18.0
1.17
53.1
24.7
18.0
1.37
.66
450
706
154
Total.................................
1,310
-------
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (August):
Copra___________________
Lumber_________________
General cargo____________
1,053
1,179
946
68
Total__________________
2,193
76.7
28.6
18.0
1.59
$0.57
No. 0 (September): General
cargo______________________
2,166
76.4
28.4
18.0
1.58
.57
• Principal commodity: Coffee, 30,138 revenue tons.
156
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 19.—-PRODU CTIVITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E—Continued
Discharging cargo: Central America— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor cost
gang-hour age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev Long Rev
Revenue
Long Rev
per Long enue
gang
tons enue
tons tons ton enue
tons
tons
ton
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Ships with m inim um efficiency
L in e N o. 5—Continued
No. 3 (September):
Coffee___________________
General cargo____________
431
785
Total.................................
1,216
No. 4 (April):
Coffee___________________
General cargo____________
1,223
1,013
Total__________________
2,236
65.5
18.6
16.0
1.16
$0.78
119.0
18.7
16.0
1.17
.77
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (February):
Coffee___________________
General cargo____________
1,387
893
Total.................................
2,280
No. 6 (March):
Coffee __________________
General cargo____________
1,296
570
Total__________________
1,866
88.5
25.8
16.0
1.61
$0.56
71.5
26.1
16.0
1.63
.55
Discharging cargo: South America
L in e N o . 6
Total, 12 ships_______________ 740,348
i 45,189 1,910.0
21.1 123.7
19.2
1.10 11.23 $0.82 1$0.73
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (December):
Fertilizer________________
Bones (bag) ____________
Coffee and cocoa_________
Maize, y e llo w .__________
General cargo____________
Total
.............................
3,287
No. 2 (November):
Fertilizer________________
Coffee and cocoa_________
Corn (sacks)_____________
General cargo____________
Total.................................
4,053
15.5
1 433
9.5
1312
11,716
11,086 | 102.5
U35
127.9
132.8
17.1
13.9
11.63
12.36
i$0.55
1.38
128.1
20.1
U.43
1.63
127.5
25.8 128.9
19.0
1.34 11.50 $0.67
i .60
24.5
1713
12,083
U,628 | 134.0
1115
129.1
19.3
11.50
1.60
128.6
20.1
U.42
1.63
158.5
25.6 i 28.6
20.0
1.28 11.43
13,682
l 4,539
.70
1.63
1 Short tons.
7 Principal commodities: Coffee and cocoa, 18.937 long tons or 21,210 short tons; bones, 4,514 long tons or
5,086 short tons; fertilizer, 2,619 long tons or 2,933 short tons; hides, 1,110 long tons or 1,243 short tons.
157
SAN FRANCISCO (1926)
T a b l e 1 9 . — P R O D U C TIV ITY
OP LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE—C ontinued
Discharging cargo: South America — Continued
Average,
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Rev per Long Rev Long Rev
Revenue
gang tons enue ton enue
tons enue
tons
tons
tons
ton
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Ships with m inim um efficiency
L in e N o . 6— Continued
No. 3 (August):
Fertilizer.............
Hides..............—
Nuts....................
Coffee and cocoa.
General cargo----Total-
2,246
No. 4 (October):
Fertilizer.............
Hides...................
Bones...................
Coffee and cocoa.
General cargo----Total-
1725
i 185
1 145
i 1,246
i 214
19.5
14.5
10.5
90.5
137.2
113.8
116.1
20.7
21.7
14.5
20.4
1 2,515
135.0
16.6 118.6
20.1
1 589
i 122
136.8
12,188
1275
16.0
12.0
10.5
109.0
17.6
122.6
19.3
19.7
13.0
23.6
11.91
i .52
1.58
1.96
3,254
147.5
1 22.1
22.0
i 1.00 1.01
180
2,905
112.8
1 10.2
19.7
11.79
1.59
1.95
1.79
i $0.50
U.53
1.95
11.14
$1.08
1.97
1.47
11.73
11.55
1.94
1.90
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April):
Hides...................
Bones...................
Coffee and cocoa.
General cargo----T otal-............
30.5
41.0
103.0
i 13.3
118.3
125.8
18.0
14.0
20.8
I.74
I I.31
1 1.37
i 4,092
174.5
20.9 123.5
18.7
1.12 11.25
1473
1116
186
164
i 2,343
i 122
1530
18.0
7.0
7.5
6.5
126.3
116.6
111.5
19.1
19.7
14.6
13.4
i 1.38
1.84
i .78
I.74
l .65
11.07
11.15
123.0
124.4
20.3
II.20
1.75
162.0
20.6 ‘ 23.1
19.6
1.05 11.18
19.1
1.48
11,101
3,654
No. 6 (September):
Fertilizer...........
Hides .
Nuts------ ----------Bones...................
Coffee and cocoa..
Canned meat____
General cargo___
Total-
1404
1750
11,837
3,334
i 3,734
1$1.22
1.69
1.66
$0.80
1.72
11.22
1.76
Loading cargo: Europe
L in e N o. 7
Total, 11 ships...........................
*30,644 8 37,095 1,084.5
28.3
34.2
1.79 $0.61
$0.50
$0.41
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (July):
Canned fruit—
Canned salmon Barley................
Wheat................
General cargo...
TotalNo. 2 (April):
Canned goods...
Canned salmon .
Barley................
General cargo. —
Total .
1,183
135
4,319
2,000
34
1,677
171
4,837
2,240
52
7,671
8,977
95
297
1,100
14
132
376
1,232
21
1,506
1,761
218.0
35.2
41.2
19.0
1.90
22.2 $0.47
51.5
29.2
34.2
19.0
1.55
1.82
.58
.49
i Short tons.
8 Principal commodities: Barley, 14,444 long tons or 16,111 revenue tons; canned goods, 11,717 long tons or
15,635 revenue tons; dried fruit, 1,467 long tons or 1,876 revenue tons.
158
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 19.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABO R COST IN H ANDLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN T R A D E —Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Revenue
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue Long
tons
tons tons gang tons tons
ton nue
ton
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Ships with m inim um efficiency
L ine N o. 7—Continued
No. 3 (March):
Canned fruit,.
282
771
65
385
977
96
1,118
1,458
General cargo ___________
944
524
1,070
14
1,295
663
1,131
16
Total.................................
2,552
3,105
Cannpd salmon
General cargo____________
Total
________________
No. 4 (August):
Canned fruit Cannftd sftlTnnrn
52.0
21.5
28.0
20.0
1.09
1.42 $0.83
109.0
23.4
28.5
19.0
1.22
1.48
$0.63
.74
.61
$0.51
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (August):
Canned goods____________
Canned salmon
„
Barley___________________
1,322
135
1,748
1,799
171
1,958
T o ta l...............................
3,205
3,928
No. 6 (October):
Canned fr u it____________
Canned salmon
- _____
Dried fr u it ______________
Barley
__ __ __ _____
Pig lead ________________
419
635
113
1,865
506
559
805
146
2,089
567
Total__________________
3,538
4,166
114.0
28.1
34.5
19.0
1.45
1.78 $0.62
121.0
29.2
34.4
19.0
1.50
1.77
.60
.51
•85,410 3,011.0
21.0
28.4
19.7
1.07
1.44 $0.84
$0.63
L ine N o. 8
Total, 22 ships_______________
63,340
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June):
Barley___________________
Lumber_________________
General cargo ___ - _
Total__________________
1,120
73
528
1,338
No. 2 (April):
Barley
_ Lumber .
____________
General cargo - - ___ __
Total__________________
1,721
52.5
25.5
32.8
19.0
1.34
1.72 $0.67
$0.52
131.5
24.4
31.6
19.0
1.29
1.67
.70
.54
2,419
304
1,429
3,204
4,152
®Principal commodities: Barley, 11,850 revenue tons; refrigerator cargo, 4,154 revenue tons; lumber,
3,541 revenue tons
159
SAN FRANCISCO (1926)
T a b l e 19.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABO R COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
F O REIGN T R A D E —-Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per
labor cost
gang-hour age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
Revenue
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
tons
tons tons
tons tons
ton nue
ton
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Ships with m inim um efficiency
L ine N o. 8—Continued
No. 3 (June):
Lumber_________________
Barley__________________
General cargo__________ —
Total_______________ __
480
191
2,919
2,520
No. 4 (February):
Refrigerator cargo________
Lumber_________________
General cargo____________
Total__________________
3,590
166.5
15.1
21.6
19.0
0.78
83.5
21.7
28.7
25.0
.86
1.11 $1.15
$0.81
174
122
2,103
1,815
2,399
1.14
1.05
.79
$0.63
Ships of average efficiency
No. 5 (October):
Lumber___________ __ ___
General cargo____________
Total.................................
80
4,502
3,298
No. 6 (November):
Refrigerator cargo________
Lumber_________________
Barley__________________
General cargo.,__________
Total
4,582
162.0
20.4
28.3
20.0
1.04
1.44 $0.87
136.0
20.7
28.5
20.0
1.04
1.44
36.8
17.0
529
131
698
2,516
2,810
3,874
.87
.63
Loading cargo: Orient
L ine N o . 9
Total, 61 sh ips...____________
323,443 8,778.0
2.17
$0.41
2.95 1
2.93 |j—
$0.31
.31
1.80
1.82
$0.50
.49
2.18
2.18
$0.41
.41
Ships w ith m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (February)_____________
No. 2 (October)______ . . . . ____
3,581
4.749
71.4
95.4
50.2
49.8
17.0
17.0
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (August)______________
__- ______________
6,300
4,220
No. 4 (June)
206.4
136.6
30.6
30.9
17.0
17.0
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April)_________________
No. 6 (December)____________
5,055
o,857
136.5
158.0
37.1
37.1
17.0
17.0
160
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 19.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN HANDLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN T R AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Orient— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
gang-hour age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
per Long Rev Long Rev
Long Rev
Revenue
enue
gang
ton enue
tons enue
tons tons
tons
ton
tons
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Labor productivity and cost, by months
L in e N o. 9—Continued
688
25,478
676
25,167
25,391
659
22,372
585
24,734
635
704
26,001
728
26,209
28,787
860
35,223 1,021
804
30,352
25,509
676
742
28,220
January, 5 ships,. .
March, 5 ships -
„
July, 5 ships_________________
September, (Tships __
November, 5 ships
,
_________
37.0
37.2
38.5
38.2
39.0
36.9
36.0
33.5
34.5
37.8
37.7
38.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
29.9
17.6
2.18
2.17
2.27
2.25
2.29
2.17
2.12
1.97
2.03
2.22
2.22
2.24
$0.41
.41
.40
.40
.39
.41
.42
.46
.44
.41
.41
.40
1.70 $0.75
$0.53
1.33
1.90 $0.68
$0.47
1.48
1.90
.61
.47
L in e N o . 10
Total, 17 ships__________ - ___ 10 35,956
10 50, 743 1,697.5
21.2
1.20
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. l ’(July):
Case oil_________________
Lumber_________________
General cargo
_______
3,645
292
300
5,100
343
580
Total__________________
4,237
6,023
No. 2 (August):
_______
Case oil
Drum oil__
__________
Lumber_________________
General cargo ____________
1,275
865
177
180
1,783
969
208
240
Total................................
2,497
3,200
179.5
23.6
33.6
17.7
99.0
25.2
32.3
17.0
!
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (November):
Case oil_________________
Lumber_________________
General cargo____________
243
782
308
340
920
535
Total.................................
1,333
1,795
No. 4 (September):
Case o il._________________
Lumber_________________
General cargo____________
1,125
325
950
1,576
382
1,638
Total.................................
2,400
3,596
81.5
16.4
22.0
17.0
0.96
1.30 $0.94
$0.69
136.0
17.6
26.4
17.7
1.00
1.49 , .90
.60
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March):
Case oil___ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lumber________ ________
General cargo____________
820
139
261
1,150
164
454
1,220
1,768
28.8
1.70 $0.80 $0.53
•
10 Principal commodities: Case oil, 23,194 long tons or 32,965 revenue tons; lumber, 5,156 long tons or
6,231 revenue tons.
Total__ _______________
63.5
19.2
17.0
1.13
161
SAN FRANCISCO (1926)
T a b le 19.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E-C ontinued
Loading cargo: Orient— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev per
Rev
Long enue
Revenue
Long Rev Long enue
tons tons gang tons enue
tons
tons ton ton
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Ships with average efficiency—Continued
L in e N o. 10—Continued
No. 6 (December):
Case oil_________________
Drum oil . _____
Lumber_________________
General cargo**.................
1,960
355
170
80
2,838
398
208
140
Total................................
2,665
3,584
111. 5
23.0
32.1
19.0
28.3
18.0
1.21
1.69 $0.74
$0.63
1.57
$0.57
L in e N o . 11
1199,859 3,529.5
Total, 13 s h ip s ......_________
S hips with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (December):
Case oil_________________
Asphalt_______
General cargo____________
4,707
718
3,885
640
Total_________ _______
1
No. 2 (June): General cargo.- _
9,310
249.1
37.4
18.0
2.08
$0.43
7,900
228.2
34.6
18.0
1.92
.47
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (July):
Drum oil_________ _______
General cargo____ ___ - -
230
880
365
1,157
Total................................
1,110
1,522
No. 4 (March):
Case oil_________________
Drum oil________________
Asphalt_________________
General cargo____________
3,165
372
4,060
769
4,419
595
4,547
1,217
Total................................
8,356
10,778
64.2 17.28
23.8
18.0
0.96
1.32 $0.94
434.5 19.62
24.8
18.0
1.09
1.38
$0.68
.83
.65
1.60 $0.78
$0.56
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (August):
Case oil_________________
Drum oil________________
Asphalt_________ — ........
General cargo____________
7,068
222
553
514
9,880
355
619
711
Total................................
8,347
11,565
No. 6 (December):
Case oil_______ _____
Lubricating oil....................
Asphalt—. .........................
Lumber................................
Canned goods.......... ..........
Cotton__________________
General cargo____________
3,535
630
1,429
350
440
4,888
1,005
1,600
487
547
1,183
323
Total_________________
'
10,033
402.3 20.70
28.8
18.0
360.6
27.9
18.0
1.15
1.55
.58
ii Principal commodities: Caso oil, 41,919 revenue tons; drum oil, 8,198 revenue tons; asphalt, 22,717
revenue tons.
162
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 19.—P R O D U C TIV IY OF LA BO R A N D LABO R COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FO R E IG N TR AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Orient— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Rev
Long Rev per Long Rev
Revenue
enue
gang
tons enue
tons enue
tons
tons ton ton
tons
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Lin e No. 12
Total, 26 ships_______________
120,855 12189,395 7,138.2
16.9
26.5
18.0
0.94
1.47 $0.96
$0.61
1.69 $0.91
$0.53
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1:
C otton _________________
Oil ...................................
LUTnhpr
_
304
806
Do ..............................
1,396
488
458
340
903
3,419
4,096
7,004
Oil ftnd glass............... General cargo____________
D o.................................
130
1,756
247
4,403
147
Total.................................
3,694
6,553
Total.................................
No. 2 (January):
230.1
17.8
30.4
18.0
0.99
217.7
16.9
30.1
18.0
.94
1.67
.96
.54
1.32 $0.97
$0.68
S hip s with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (July):
Drum oil________________
Asphalt_________________
Steel....................— ...........
General cargo____________
Do ..............................
436
445
718
243
488
498
4,334
804
Total.................................
4.459
6,367
No. 4 (August):
Cotton
_______ _____
Oil
............ — ........... —
General cargo____________
Total................................
267.4
16.7
23.8
18.0
0.93
191.4
17.6 .23.8
18. C
.98
553
159
3,833
3,385
4,545
1.32
.92
.68
1.47 $0.92
$0.61
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (July):
Tobacco_________________
Oil........................................
Flour____________________
Asphalt__________________
General cargo____________
D o..................................
1,597
217
1,035
1,080
268
1,789
243
3,391
1,159
Total__________________
5,304
7,930
336
1,798
367
451
376
4,310
762
4,976
8,064
No. 6 (December):
Cotton__________________
O i l _____________________
Lumber_________________
Rice_____________________
General cargo___ ___ _____
Do____ ____ __________
Total.................................
300.3
17.6
26.5
18.0
0.98
3,053
16.4
26.5
18.0
.91
1.47
.99
.61
*2 Principal commodities: Cotton and tobacco, 24,270 revenue tons; oil and glass, 7,492 revenue tons
steel, 3,470 revenue tons.
163
SAN FRANCISCO (1926)
T a b le
19.—PR O D U C TIV IY OP LABO R A N D LA BO R COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo: Latin America
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour age
man-hour
per—
num
Gang
ber of
hours
Rev men
Long enue
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
tons tons gang tons enue
tons ton ton
L ine No. 13
7,819
Total, 8 ships...............
No. 1 (May):
Lumber..........
General cargo.
Total.............................
280
500
No. 3 (July):
Lumber.. .........................
General cargo..................
Total .
No. 4 (August): General cargo..
No. 5 (September): General
cargo........................................
No. 6 (October): General cargo.
Total .
>9.5
2,305
16.7
22.5
17.0
58.5
14.0
1.48
19.8
81.0
1.16
$0.61
1.32 $0.78
2.01
500
340
600
455
840
1,055
45.0
18.7
3.4
17.0
1.13
1.42
275
312
15.5
17.7
20.1
17.0
1.02
1.16
485
760
30.0
20.5
16.2
25.3
19.3
18.0
18.0
.89
1.40
1.09
22.9
19.0
27.1
17.0
No. 7 (November):
Lumber...............................
General cargo......................
No. 8 (December): General
cargo............... —................... .
24.7
330
560
780
No. 2 (June): General cargo..
317.0
.45
.80
.63
.78
1.01
.64
.83
764
416
649
1,180
51.5
922
34.0
17.1
1.20
.75
.56
Lin e N o. 14
Total, 34 ships..............
1*97,141 4.362.0 ......... 22.3
15.8 ......... 1.41
) .64
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June):
Lumber..........
Gasoline.........
Flour..............
Com________
Rice........... —
General cargo-
326
193
465
1,371
408
532
Total...........
3,295
No. 2 (November): General
cargo...................................... .
107.0
30.7
61.0
>.0
16.0
1.92
$0.47
15.0 ......... 1.93
.47
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (January):
Flour.............. .
General cargo..
500
Total........... .
1,488
No. 4 (February):
Lumber.......... .
Tallow............ .
Hay.................
General cargo..
447
140
159
2,162
Total........... .
2,908
88.3
16.8
16.0
1.05
$0.86
170.5
17.1
16.0
1.07
.84
13 principal commodities: Flour, 10,866 revenue tons; lumber, 8,396 revenue tons.
164
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le
1 9 —PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LA BO R A N D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo: Latin America— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor cost
gang-hour age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
Rev men
Long Rev
Long enue
per
Revenue
tons I tons ton enue
tons
tons tons gang lons
ton
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Ships with average efficiency
L ine N o. 14—Continued
No. 5 (March):
________
Lumber
General cargo____________
844
1,162
2,006
Total - . _______________ ________
No. 6 (April):
Lumber _______________
Hay
____________
General cargo____________
Total
89.5
22.4
16.0
1.40
$0.64
99.0
21.0
15.0
1.40
.64
296
308
1,474
2,078
................
T a b l e SO.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LA BO R A N D LABOR COST IN HAN DLING CARGO IN
IN TER C O A STA L TR AD E
Discharging cargo
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
Rev men
Rev
Long Revenue
Long enue
per Long Rev
enue
enue Long
tons
tons 1
tons tons* gang tons tons
* ton ton i
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
L in e N o. 15
Total, 14 ships............................... 16,224
18,171
952.5
17.0
19.1
15.8
1.08
1.21 $0.83
$0.74
1.93 $0.52
1.73
.58
$0.47
.52
0.85 $1.18
.92 1.10
$1.06
.98
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June)..................................
No. 2 (M ay)..................................
658
1,525
737
1,708
24.0
81.5
27.4
18.7
30.7
21.0
16.0
12.0
1.72
1.54
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (June)..................................
No. 4 (August)..............................
1,443
977
1,616
1,094
116.5
70.0
12.4
14.0
13.9
15.6
16.0
17.0
0.76
.82
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (February)..........................
No. 6 (July)...................................
487
1,056
546
1,183
28.0
59.5
17.4
17.8
19.5
19.9
17.0
15.0
1.05
1.17
1.18 $0.86
1.31
.77
$0.76
.69
46,523 2,750.5
15.1
16.9
15.5
0.98
1.09 $0.92
$0.83
1.48 $0.68
1.31
.77
$0.61
.69
L in e N o. 16
Total, 41 ships............................... 41,627
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (July)...................................
No. 2 (October).............................
* Short tons.
953
886
1,067
992
48.0
50.5
19.8
17.5
22.2
19.6
15.0
15.0
1.32
1.17
165
SAN FRANCISCO (1926)
T a b le
20.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OP LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
INTERCOASTAL TRADE-Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor cost
gang-hour age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber
of
hours
men
Rev
Rev
Long Revenue
Long Rev
enue per Long enue Long
tons
tons1
ton enue
tons tons1 gang tons tons1
to n 1
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
L in e N o. 16—Continued
No. 3 (February)..........................
No. 4 (September)........................
Ships with m inim um efficiency
768
1,049
860
1,175
66.5
83.0
11.6
12.6
13.0
14.1
16.0
16.0
0.72
.79
0.81 $1.25
.88 1.14
$1.11
1.02
1.10 $0.92
.94
1.08
$0.82
.83
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (February)..........................
No. 6 (June)..................................
1,299
982
1,455
1,100
83.0
63.5
15.7
15.4
17.6
17.3
16.0
16.0
0.98
.96
Labor productivity and cost, by months
January, 2 ships............. ..............
February, 2 ships......... ............ .
March, 4 ships................. ............
April, 4 ships.................................
May, 4 ships.................................
June, 4 ships.............. - ____ _____
July, 5 ships.................................
August, 5 ships..............................
September, 5 ships........................
October, 4 ships.............................
November, 2 ships........................
December, 1 ship...........................
3,048
2,067
3,713
4,637
4,279
3,763
4,334
3,460
4,331
3,691
2,321
1,983
198.5
149.5
241.5
319.0
292.0
232.0
261.0
214.0
324.0
229.5
169.0
120.5
15.4
13.8
15.4
14.5
14.7
16.2
16.6
16.2
13.4
16.1
13.7
16.5
17.2
15.5
17.2
16.3
16.4
18.2
18.6
18.1
15.0
17.6
15.4
18.5
Total, 48 ships............................... 86,706
97,110 5,352.8
16.2
Pier A ..................................... 73,179
Pier B ..................................... 12,928
Pier C......................................
599
81,960 4,574.0
14,479
740.5
671
38.3
16.0
17.5
15.6
3,414
2,315
4,159
5,193
4,793
4,215
4,855
3,875
4,851
4,033
2,599
2,221
15.4
16.0
15.3
15.8
15.5
15.5
15.4
15.6
15.7
15.5
15.0
15.0
1.00
.86
1.00
.92
.94
1.05
1.08
1.04
.85
1.04
.92
1.10
1.12 $0.90
.97 1.05
1.12
.90
1.03
.98
1.06
.96
1.17
.86
1.21
.83
.87
1.16
.96 1.06
1.13
.87
1.03
.98
1.23
.82
$0.80
.93
.80
.83
.85
.77
.74
.78
.94
.80
.87
.73
18.1
18.0
0.90
1.01 $1.00
$0.89
17.9
19.6
17.5
18.0
17.7
18.0
.88
.99
.87
1.02
.91
1.03
.91
.81
.93
L in e N o. 17
.99
1.11
.97
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (March):
Pier A 2.......
Pier B -.
Total.
2,057
No. 2 (June):
Pier A 2. . .
Total.
766
1,149
32.0
48.0
21.0
2,304
101.0
1,150
54.5
39.0
1,974
93.5
20.4
18.9
23.9
23.9
18.5
18.1
18.1
18.0
22.8
18.1
21.1
21.1
17.4
16.6
21.1
17.0
1.32
1.32
1.03
1.12
1.11
$0.68
.68
.87
1.26 $0.80
.71
1.22
1.28
.74
.70
1.24
.81
.73
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (February):
Pier A 2...........
Total-
1,723
No. 4 (February):
Pier A 2..........
Pier B _.
Total-
1,201
1 Short tons.
594
552
784
42.0
39.0
55.5
1,930
136.5
580
558
207
40.0
38.5
21.0
1,345
19.5
12.6
12.1
14.1
14.2
14.1
18.0
18.0
16.7
14.1
17.5
14.5
14.5
9.9
18.0
18.0
18.0
13.5
18.0
0.79
.79
.84
0.72
$1.14
1.14
1.07
.81 $1.25
1.11
1.11
1.11
1.43
.67
.75
2 Data are for daily or batch productivity and cost.
1.34
1.20
166
T a b le
GENERAL TABLES
20.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
IN TER COASTAL TRADE—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
Rev Long Rev
Rev men
Long Revenue
Long enue
per Long enue
tons
tons1
ton enue
tons tons1 gang tons tons1
ton 1
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Ships with average efficiency
L in e N o. 17—Continued
No. 5:
Pier A 2................... ................
837
684
412
51.0
42.5
17.5
1,933
111.0
770
1,244
346
40.5
64.5
19.0
2,360
124.0
Total, 21 ships_________________ 336,323 340,467 2,262.6
Pier B ......................................
Total_____________ ______
1,726
No. 6 (September):
Pier A 2....................................
Pier B ......................................
Total................ ...................
2,107
16.4
16.1
23.5
17.3
17.0
17.8
17.4
17.3
19.0
19.3
18.2
19.1
18.6
18.0
17.0
19.0
18.7
.91
16.1
17.9
18.0
0.89
15.5
0.95
.95
1.32
0.90
$0.95
.95
.68
1.01 $1.00
.89
1.00
1.04
1.01
.90
.87
.89
1.02
.99
.88
0.99 $1.01
$0.91
L in e N o. 18
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January):
Steel, etc__________________
General cargo______________
Total....................................
1,101
1,845
2,630
No. 2 (January):
Steel, e t c __________________
General cargo______________
Total...................................
2,946
84.3
31.2
34.9
18.0
1.73
1.94 $0.52 $0.46
68.2
23.1
25.9
18.0
1.29
1.44
1,004
766
1,580
1,770
.70
.63
0.70 $1.45
$1.29
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (April):
Steel
_ ____ _____
General cargo______________
Total____ ____ ___________
No. 4 (September):
Steel
General cargo
627
918
1,379
123.4
11.3 12.6
18.0
0.62
18.0
.70
509
1,059
__ _____
___ ___
Total..................... ..............
1,545
1,400
1,568
112.1
12.5
14.0
.78
1.29
1.15
0.99 $1.02
$0.91
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (October):
Steal
...........................
General cargo
Total____________________
No. 6 (November):
Steel
General cargo
Total
-
698
1,141
1,642
102.9
15.9
17.8
18.0
0.88
121.3
16.1
18.0
18.0
.89
1,280
908
__
___
________________
1,839
1,954
2,188
1 Short tons.
2 Data are for daily or hatch productivity and cost.
3 Principal commodity: Steel, etc., 13,990 long tons or 15,669 short tons.
1.00
1.01
.90
167
SAN FRANCISCO (1926)
T a b le
30.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
INTERCOASTAL TRADE-Continued
Discharging cargo—Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev
Rev
Long Revenue
Long Rev
enue per Long enue Long
ton enue
tons1
tons
tons tons1 gang tons tons1
ton 1
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
L in e N o. 19
Total, 71 ships............................... 127,628
143,191 9,647.5
13.2
14.8
18.0
0.74
0.83 $1.22
$1.08
0.61 $1.67
0.62 1.64
$1.48
1.45
1.28 $0.79
.82
1.23
$0.70
.73
0.83 $1.22
0.83 1.22
$1.08
1.08
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January).............................
No. 2 (February)...........................
1,576
1,631
1,765
1,827
161.3
163.3
9.8
10.0
11.0
11.2
18.0
18.0
0.54
0.55
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (August)..............................
No. 4 (July)...................................
1,321
1,851
1,479
2,073
64.3
93.9
20.6
19.8
23.0
22.1
18.0
18.0
1.14
1.10
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March)...............................
No. 6 (M ay)-—.............................
1,450
1,696
1,624
1,900
108.2
127.9
13.3
13.3
14.9
14.9
18.0
18.0
0.74
0.74
Labor productivity and cost, by months
January, 4 ships............
February, 5 ships_____
March, 7 ships............ .
April, 6 ships................
May, 5 ships_________
June, 8 ships.................
July, 6 ships..................
August, 6 ships.............
September, 5 ships.......
October, 6 ships............
November, 6 ships____
December, 7 ships_____
6,441
8,058
13,420
12,784
10,912
13,388
10,537
10,248
8,582
10,407
11,473
11,378
7,215
503.5
9,269
684.6
15,029 1,033.8
14,318 1,017.6
12,222
855.0
14,997 1,009.0
11,802
728.0
11,477
700.0
9,612
604.0
765.0
11,657
12,849
882.0
12,744
865.0
12.8
11.8
13.0
12.6
12.8
13.3
14.5
14.6
14.2
13.6
13.0
13.2
14.3
13.5
14.5
14.1
14.3
14.9
16.2
16.4
15.9
15.2
14.6
14.7
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
0.75
.65
.72
.70
.71
.78
.80
.81
.79
.76
.72
.73
0.85 $1.20
.75 1.38
.81 1.25
.78 1.29
.79 1.27
.87 1.15
.90 1.15
.91 1.11
.88 1.14
.85 1.18
.81 1.25
.82 1.23
$1.06
1.20
1.11
1.15
1.14
1.03
1.00
1.99
1.02
1.06
1.11
1.10
26,700
29,903 2,304.0
11.6
13.0
18.0
0.64
0.72 $1.41
$1.25
0.82 $1.23
0.81 1.25
$1.10
1.11
0.63 $1.61
0.64 1.58
$1.43
1.41
0.72 $1.41
0.73 1.38
$1.25
1.23
L in e N o. 20
Total, 21 ships..............
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (January).............................
No. 2 (August)..............................
1,346
1,625
1,507
1,820
102.4
125.3
13.2
13.0
14.8
14.6
18.0
18.0
0.73
0.72
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (June)..................................
No. 4 (July)...................................
969
1,177
1,085
1,318
95.2
115.3
10.1
10.3
11.3
11.5
18.0
18.0
0.56
0.57
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March)...............................
No. 6 (February)........................
1Short tons.
1,135
1,578
1,271
1,767
97.8
133.9
11.6
11.7
13.0
13.1
18.0
18.0
0.64
0.65
168
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le
30.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
INTERCOASTAL TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo
Output per Aver
gang-hour age
num
Gangber of
hours
Rev men
Long enue
Long Revenue
per
tons tons1 gang
tons
tons1
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Output per
man-hour
Average
labor cost
per—
Rev
Long Rev
enue Long
ton enue
tons tons1
ton1
Lin e N o . 21
Total, 21 s h i p s .._______—_____ 111,693 4167,652 5,811.0
19.2 528.9
18.0
1.07 51.60 $0.84 5$0.56
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June):
General cargo
Do
..............................
314
* 2,155
« 610
«4 ,150
5 352
T o ta l..................................
3,813
57,267
No. 2 (July):
Hay and hops .......
T/limber
.....
General cargo
, . ,
D o ...................................
575
52,313
5847
« 5,381
5 644
Total....................................
5,006
59,185
Lumber
210.2
18.2 534.6
18.0
288.6
17.3 531.9
18.0
1.01 51.92 $0.89 5$0.47
.96 51.77
.94
5.51
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (July):
Lum ber__________________
General cargo______________
D o ...................................
525
5890
56,454
5 588
Total____________________
5,689
5 7,932
No. 4 (February):
Lumber
General cargo
_ _
Do ..................................
883
5483
5 5,268
5 989
Total....................................
4,827
5 6,740
319.1
17.8 524.8
18.0
0.99 51.38 $0.91 5$0.65
253.2
18.9 526.5
18.0
1.05 51.47
.86
5.61
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January):
Rags and hemp ____ . . . . .
Wine and tallow
______ __ Lumber
General cargo
Do
......................
735
5520
5 371
5 544
57,883
5823
Total____________________
6,579 510,141
No. 6 (January):
Wool, rags, etc.
___
Lumber
General cargo
D o ...................................
1,099
5 385
5 542
56,258
51,231
5, 781
« 8,416
Total.............. .............. .
1 Short tons.
4 Revenue tons.
tons.
3 Revenue tons.
.
349.7
18.7 529.0
18.0
1.04 51.61 $0.87 5$0.56
292.1
19.8 528.8
18.0
1.10 51.60
.82
5.5f»
Principal commodities: Lumber, 10,947 revenue tons; hay and hops, 12,263 revenue
169
SAN FRANCISCO (1926)
T a b le
20.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
INTERCOASTAL TRADE-Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Output per Aver
gang-hour age
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev
Long Revenue
Long enue per
tons
tons1
tons tons1 gang
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Output per
man-hour
Average
labor cost
per—
Long Rev Long Rev
enue ton enue
tons tons*
ton*
L ine N o. 22
Total, 45 ships............................... 133,081
149,050 6,564.0
20.3
22.7
18.8
1.08
1.21 $0.83
Pier A «................................... 98,536
Pier B 7................................... 24,650
Pier C s................................... 4,384
Pier D »................................... 4,007
Piers E and F » . .................... 1,504
110,360 4,956.0
27,608 1,153.0
187.0
4,910
4,488
192.0
1,684
76.0
19.9
21.4
23.4
20.9
19.8
22.3
23.9
26.3
23.4
22.2
18.7
18.8
19.0
19.3
18.4
1.06
1.14
1.24
1.08
1.08
1.19
1.27
1.39
1.21
1.20
$0.74
.85
.79
.73
.83
.83
.76
.71
.65
.74
.75
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (April):
Pier A *__
TotaL
No. 2 (September):
Pier A a.............
Pier C .
P ierB .
Total....................................
3,952
1,033
825
36.0
37.0
1,858
73.0
1,414
1,432
360
1,220
55.0
55.5
14.0
45.5
4,426
170.0
22.7
23.3
28.7
22.3
18.3
18.0
25.5
18.0
25.7
25.8
25.7
19.0
19.0
19.2
19.3
26.0
19.0
1.57
1.24
1.25
1.21
$0.57
.73
1.40 $0.72
.64
1.35
1.36
1.34
1.39
.67
L36
.67
.65
.74
.66
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (March):
Pier A *___
Total _
31.5
36.0
51.0
1,948
No. 4 (July):
Pier A K .
Total-
1,085
2,182
16.4
18.4
18.4
18.4
18.0
18.0
18.2
18.4
18.0
678
537
39.0
31.0
17.4
17.3
18.0
18.0
1,215
70.0
17.4
18.0
$0.88
1.02
1.02
1.01
0.91
.88
$0.99
.94
.86
.96
1.05
.94
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (July):
Pier A 2...
P ie rB -.
Total.
3,594
No. 6 (October):
Pier A 2.........
P ie rB ..
Total-
3,061
351
1,528
1,385
761
16.0
69.0
62.5
26.5
4,025
174.0
973
1,924
531
44.0
86.5
24.0
3,428
154.5
22.2
28.7
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.51
23.1
19.0
1.22 $0.83
.74
22.1
22.1
18.0
18.2
18.0
1.23
1.22
1.23
.73
.74
.74
22.2
18.0
22.0
22.1
20.7
22.2
19.8
1.09
1.22
$0.78
.78
.77
.60
.83
.74
1 Short tons.
89 ships, loading chiefly canned pineapples.
2 Data are for daily or hatch productivity and cost. •5 ships, loading chiefly general cargo,
« 45 ships, loading chiefly general cargo.
w 2 ships, one at each pier, loading general cargo
7 30 ships, loading chiefly canned goods.
66490°—32----- 12
170
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le
20.—P R O D U C T IV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
INTERCOASTAL TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
‘ Rev
Rev
Long Revenue
Long enue per Long enue Long Rev
tons
tons1
tons tonsi gang tons tons1 ton enue
ton 1
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
L in e N o . 23
Total, 71 ships............................... 138,062
154,803
746.9
18.5
20.7
18.0
1.03
1.15 $0.87
$0.78
1.71 $0.59
.73
1.38
$0.53
.65
0.79 $1.27
.78 1.29
$1.14
1.15
1.15 $0.87
1.16
.87
$0.78
.78
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (October)........................... No. 2 (July)...................................
2,504
2,434
2,804
2,726
91.0
109.8
27.5
22.2
30.8
24.8
18.0
18.0
1.53
1.23
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (February)..........................
No. 4 (M ay)..................................
1,810
1,249
2,027
1,399
142.8
99.5
12.7
12.5
14.2
14.0
18.0
18.0
0.71
.70
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March)...............................
No. 6 (December).........................
908
2,087
1,017
2,337
49.1
111.8
18.5
18.6
20.7
20.9
18.0
18.0
1.03
1.04
Labor productivity and cost, by months
January, 5 ships............................
February, 6 ships..........................
March, 6 ships..............................
April, 6 ships.................................
May, 6 ships..................................
June, 6 ships........................... ......
July, 6 ships..................................
August, 6 ships. ...........................
September, 6 ships........................
October, 6 ships.............................
November, 6 ships........................
December, 6 ships.........................
9,511
10,740
9,624
9,022
8,675
7,692
7,776
14,677
14,695
17,689
15,745
12,216
10,652
12,030
10,778
10,104
9,716
8,615
8,708
16,662
16,410
19,812
17,634
13,682
520
708
522
548
536
433
440
724
759
904
801
574
18.3
15.2
18.4
16.5
16.2
17.8
17.6
20.3
19.4
19.6
19.7
21.3
20.5
17.0
20.6
18.5
18.1
19.9
19.7
22.7
21.7
22.0
22.1
23.9
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.02
.84
1.02
.92
.90
.99
.98
1.13
1.08
1.09
1.09
1.18
1.14 $0.88
.94 1.07
1.14
.88
1.03
.98
1.01 1.00
.91
1.11
.92
1.10
1.28
.80
1.21
.83
1.22
.83
1.22
.83
1.32
.76
$0.79
.96
.79
.87
.89
.81
.82
.70
.74
.74
.74
.68
0.97 $1.05
$0.93
L in e N o . 24
Total, 19 ships.............................. 54,146
60,644
350.7
15.4
17.3
17.6
0.86
Canned goods......................... 11 7,294
11 8,169
439.0
16.6
18.6
17.8
.94
1.05
.96
.86
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (July):
Canned goods
Pineapples
General cargo
Total....................................
2,508
No. 2 (October):
Canned goods
PinAAnnlAs
General cargo..........................
T o ta l..................................
i Short tons
1,660
299
850
50.0
13.5
76.7
2,809
140.2
283.8
1.95
1.30
.65
33.2
22.1
11.1
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.9
20.1
17.0
1.05
1.18 $0.86
$0.76
18.5
20.7
18.0
1.03
1.15
.87
.78
1,540
642
3,669
5,224
5,851
u Data for 6 ships only, as hours of labor for others were not available.
171
SAN FRANCISCO (1926)
T a b l e 20.—P R O D U C T IV IT Y OP LA BO R AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLING CARGO IN
IN T E R C O A ST A L TRADE-Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons 1
Ships with m inim um efficiency
L in e N o. 24—Continued
No. 3 (February):
Copper__________ __________
Cannfid goods
Pineapples_________________
General cargo.___ __ _______
Total____________________
3,205
No. 4 (January):
Canned goods______________
Lath........................................
Copper_______ _____ _______
Pineapples________ ________
General cargo______________
Total....................................
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue ton nue
tons tons1
tons tons1
ton 1
298
630
275
2,387
14.5
38.0
12.5
184.0
18.4
14.8
19.6
11.6
20.6
16.6
22.0
13.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.02
.82
1.09
.64
3,590
249.0
12.9
14.4
18.0
.71
.80
1.27
1.13
284.8
13.2
14.8
18.0
.73
.82
1.23
1.10
0.96 $1.05
$0.94
1.14 $0.88
.92 1.09
1.22
.83
.72 1.40
$0.78
.99
.75
1.24
1,470
250
294
395
1,811
3,768
4,220
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (May):
Canned goods.___ ____ _____
Pineapples_______. . ________
Peanuts______ ____________
General cargo__ __________
Total....................................
600
165
203
1,498
2,202
No. 6 (July):
Canned goods._____________
Copper____________________
Pineapples________ ___ _
General cargo - ________ ___ _
Total....................................
>Short tons.
2,466
142.6
15.4
17.3
18.0
0.86
131.8
15.8
17.6
18.0
.87
675
159
390
1,107
2,081
2,331
.98
1.03
.92
172
T a b le
GENERAL TABLES
31.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G CARGO IN
COASTWISE TRADE
Discharging cargo
Week ending—
Cargo
ton
nage
(reve
nue
tons 0
Manhours
Out
La
put
bor
per
man- cost
hour per
(reve reve
nue
nue
tons1) to n 1
Week ending—
1.36
$0.67
Weeks with m aximum efficiency
620.5
457.0
612.0
743.5
963.5
524.5
360.5
1,369.0
1.69
1.72
1.51
1.82
1.81
1.33
1.64
1.47
$0.53
.52
.60
.49
.50
.68
.58
.61
5,550.5
1.62
.56
1,128
2,595
868
1,461
746.5
1,533.5
545.0
1,037.0
1.51
1.69
1.59
1.41
.63
.57
.64
i, 052
3,862.0
1.57
.57
1,051
786
773
1,352
1,745
698
554
2,007
Total.— .
Apr. 7, 4 ships..
Total..
Weeks with m inim um efficiency
Oct. 31, 7 ships___
1,527
1,527
1,167
580
2,346
1,019
917
1,284.5
1,139.0
1,165.5
497.0
2,105.5
830.0
766.5
1.19
1.34
1.00
1.17
1.11
1.23
1.20
Total___
9,083
7,788.0
1.17
.77
Dec. 7 4 ships.
970
1,453
1,177
1,148
873.0
1,245.0
951.0
1,034.0
1.11
1.17
1.24
1.11
.81
.77
.73
.81
4,748
4,103.0
1.16
.78
Total..
$0.76
.67
.90
.77
.81
.73
.75
Weeks with average efficiency
Apr. 14, 5 ships.. .
Total..
1 Short tons.
Manhours
Out
put
per
manhour
(reve
nue
tons1)
La
bor
cost
per
reve
nue
ton i
Weeks with average efficiency —
Lin e N o. 25
Total, 238 ships— 247,185 182,763.0
Mar. 31,8 ships___
Cargo
ton
nage
(reve
nue
tons 0
1,512
1,374
571
2,139
684.0
1,133.5
990.5
397.0
1.544.0
1.26
1.33
1.39
1.44
1.39
6,458
4.749.0
1.36
10.71
.68
.65
.63
.65
Continued
L ine N o. 25—Con.
July 7,4 ships.......
753
1,329
900
496
636.5
1,081.0
565.5
405.5
1.40
1.23
1.59
1.22
$0.64
.73
.57
.74
Total............
3,478
2,688.5
1.34
.67
Other weeks
Jan. 7,5 ships........
Jan. 14, 5 ships___
Jan. 21,4 ships----Jan. 31,10 ships- —
Feb. 7, 5 ships.......
Feb. 14, 5 ships___
Feb. 21, 3 ships___
Feb. 28, 7 ships___
Mar. 7, 3 ships......
Mar. 14, 5 ships___
Mar. 21, 4 ships___
Apr. 21, 4 ships___
Apr. 30,6 ships----May 7, 2 ships.......
May 14, 3 ships___
May 21, 5 ships___
May 31, 5 ships___
June 7,6 ships
June 14, 2 ships___
June 21,6 ships___
June 30,6 ships___
July 14, 6 ships___
July 21, 4 ships___
July 31, 7 ships___
Aug. 7, 5 ships.......
Aug. 14, 5 ships___
Aug. 21, 4 ships___
Aug. 31, 6 ships___
Sept. 7, 5 ships----Sept. 14, 4 ships-- Sept. 21, 6 ships-- Sept. 30, 7 ships-- Oct. 7,3 ships.. Oct. 14, 7 ships___
Oct. 21,4 ships___
Nov. 7,4 ships ,.
Nov. 14, 5 ships___
Nov. 21, 4 ships___
Nov. 30, 7 ships___
Dec. 14, 5 ships___
Dec. 21,5 ships___
Dec. 31,4 ships-----
4,747
5,202
4,164
9,326
4,596
4,247
4,366
7,600
4,074
4,964
4,661
5,042
6,733
2,459
2,710
3,821
4,689
4,697
1,706
5,004
5,345
4,725
4,013
6,761
5,038
4,709
4,189
5,634
4,979
3,684
4,691
7,454
2,651
9,005
3,584
4,560
5,779
3,882
6,853
6,634
6,093
3,429
3,328.0
3,539.0
2,932.5
6,527.5
3,695.5
2,888.5
3,334.5
5,343.0
2,950.5
3,341.5
3,189.0
3,627.5
4,805.0
1,580.0
1,760.5
2,462.0
3,253.5
3,846.0
1,145.0
3,640.0
3,862.0
3,688.0
2,763.0
4,797.5
3,448.5
3,863.0
3,118.0
4,253.0
3,575.5
2,959.5
3,645.5
5,915.0
2,149.0
7,111.0
2,998.0
3,603.0
4,220.5
3,004.0
5,830.0
4,991.0
4,943.5
2,409.5
1.43 $0.63
1.47
.61
1.42
.63
1.43
.63
1.25
.72
1.47
.61
.69
1.31
.64
1.40
1.38
.65
1.49
.60
.62
1.46
1.39
.65
1.40
.64
.58
1.56
.68
1.54
.58
1.55
1.44
.63
1.22
.74
.60
1.49
.64
1.41
1.39
.65
.68
1.32
.62
1.45
.64
1.41
.62
1.46
.74
1.22
.67
1.34
.68
1.32
1.39
.65
1.24
.73
1.29
.70
1.26
.71
1.23
.73
1.27
.71
1.20
.75
1.27
.71
1.37
.66
1.29
.70
1.18
.76
1.33
.68
1.23
.73
1.42
.63
173
SAN FRANCISCO (1926)
T a b l e 2 1 .— P R O D U C TIV ITY
OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLING CARGO IN
COASTWISE TBADE-Continued
Loading cargo
Week ending—
Cargo
ton
nage
(reve
nue
tons l)
Manhours
Out
La
put
bor
per
man- cost
hour per
(reve reve
nue
nue
tons1) ton 1
Week ending-
Cargo
ton
nage
(reve
nue
tons i)
L in e N o. 26
1.13
$0.80
Weeks with m aximum efficiency
610
1,086
870
443
587
425.0
851.5
627.0
259.0
563.0
1.44
1.28
1.39
1.71
1.04
Total............
3,596
2,725.5
1.32
.68
Dec. 14, 6 ships-----
332
334
543
1,223
482
382
254.0
244.5
495.5
964.5
355.5
343.0
1.31
1.37
1.10
1.27
1.36
1.11
.69
.66
.82
.71
.66
.81
3,296
2,657.0
1.24
.73
Total....... ..
$0.63
.70
.65
.53
.87
Weeks with m inim um efficiency
Dec. 7,4 ships
La
bor
cost
per
reve
nue
to n 1
Other weeks
Total, 243 ships___ 193,025 170,645.8
Dec. 22, 5 ships___
Manhours
Out
put
per
manhour
(reve
nue
tons1)
616
449
972
576
713.0
377.5
1,025.5
571.5
0.86
1.19
.95
1.01
$1.05
.76
.95
.89
Total............
2,613
2,687.5
.97
.93
Feb. 28, 2 ships___
671
661
621.5
748.0
1.08
.88
.83
1.02
Total_______
1,332
1,369.5
.97
.93
Weeks with average efficiency
Oct. 7, 5 ships........
609
1,089
1,211
458
1,255
582.5
1,025.5
1,030.5
386.5
1,067.5
1.05
1.06
1.18
1.18
1.18
$0.86
.85
.76
.76
.76
Total............
4,622
4,092.5
1.13
.80
Oct. 21, 4 ships___
1,020
700
502
427
960.0
615.5
362.0
396.5
1.06
1.14
1.39
1.08
.85
.79
.65
.83
Total............
2,649
2,334.0
1.13
.80
1 Short tons.
L ine No. 26—Con.
Jan. 7,8 ships____
Jan. 14, 6 ships___
Jan. 21, 6 ships___
Jan. 31,8 ships___
Feb. 7,5 ships----Feb. 14, 5 ships....
Feb. 21,4 ships__
Mar. 7, 5 ships......
Mar. 14,4 ships___
Mar. 21, 5 ships___
Mar. 31, 5 ships___
Apr. 7,6 ships...
Apr. 14, 4 ships. _
Apr. 21, 8 ships. .
Apr. 30, 4 ships..
May 7, 2 ships...
May 14, 4 ships..
May 21,4 ships___
May 31, 6 ships.
June 7, 5 ships...
June 14, 2 ships.
June 21, 4 ships.
June 30, 5 ships___
July 7, 2 ships___
July 14, 6 ships___
July 21, 7 ships___
July 31, 6 ships___
Aug. 7, 4 ships___
Aug. 14, 3 ships—
Aug. 21, 6 ships___
Aug. 31, 5 ships...
Sept. 7, 6 ships__
Sept. 14, 5 ships..
Sept. 21, 6 ships__
Sept. 30, 7 ships.
Oct. 14, 9 ships___
Oct. 31, 6 ships___
Nov. 7, 4 ships.
Nov. 14, 5 ships _
Nov. 21, 4 ships__
Nov. 30, 8 ships. . .
Dec. 31, 3 ships___
3,723
4,350
4,064
6,321
3,254
4,003
2,789
4,359
2,535
3,522
3,937
5.293
3,516
7,943
3,178
2,267
3,382
3,099
4,594
4.294
1,987
3,697
4,173
2,370
4,945
6,095
5,849
3,909
2,607
4,977
5,529
5,411
3,751
5,260
5,511
6,361
4,777
2,830
3,384
2,551
2,631
3,390.8
3.901.5
3.574.0
5.213.5
2.994.5
3.362.0
2.746.5
4.038.0
2.220.0
3.302.0
3.519.5
4.554.0
3.029.0
7.531.5
2.986.5
2.203.0
2.905.0
2.796.5
4.248.0
3.631.0
1.791.0
3.144.5
3.770.0
2.034.5
4.113.5
5.230.0
4.819.0
3.876.0
2.255.0
4.187.5
4.936.5
4.664.0
3,235. 0
4,316. 0
4.900.5
5,350. 0
4,331. 5
2,657. 5
3.233.0
2.266.5
5.373.0
2.148.5
1.10
1.11
1.14
1.21
1.09
1.19
1.02
1.08
1.14
1.07
1.12
1.16
1.16
1.05
1.06
1.03
1.16
1.11
1.08
1.18
1.11
1,18
1,11
1.16
1.20
1.17
1.21
1.01
1.16
1.19
1.12
1.16
1.16
1.22
1.12
1.19
1.10
1.06
1.05
1.13
1.10
1.22
$0.82
.81
.79
.74
.83
.76
.88
.83
.79
.84
.80
.78
.78
.86
.85
.87
.78
.81
.83
.76
.81
.76
.81
.78
.75
.77
.74
.89
.78
.76
.80
.78
.78
.74
.80
.76
.82
.85
.86
.80
.82
.74
174
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 2 2 .—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H AN DLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES
Discharging cargo
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Ganghours
Long
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
Reve men Long Reve Long Reve
per
nue
nue
nue
tons gang tons tons ton ton
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Revenue
tons
Long
tons
L um ber
Line No. 27:1
Total, 19 ships_________
230,312
963.0
2 31.5
15.3
22.05
2$0.44
2.49
2.31
2$0.36
2 1.80
2 1.85
2$0.50
2.49
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (October) —
No. 2 (November) .
2
2
1,652
1,648
4 5 .0 .........
4 2 .0 _____
2
2
36.7
39.2
14.7
17.0
2
2
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
2 1,588
2 1,533
No. 3 (June)-----No. 4 (January).
57.0
58.0
2
2
27.9
26.4
15.5
14.3
Ships with average efficiency
21,605
2 1,613
No. 5 (November).
No. 6 (April)—.......
Line No. 28: *
Total, 10 ships.
2 4 2 ,0 6 7
56.0
56.0
1,539.5 ....... .
2 28.7
2 28.8
13.9
13.9
2 2.06
2 2.07
2$0.44
2.43
2 27.3
15.5
a1.76
2$0.51
1.93
1.85
2$0.47
1.54
21.62
2$0.58
2.56
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (July)............
No. 2 (September).
2
2
4,254
4,252
150.0
153.0
2
2
28.4
27.8
14.7
15.1
2
2
Skips with m in im u m efficiency
24,180
24,245
No. 3 (December).
No. 4 (June)....... -
168.0
168.0
2
2
24.9
25.3
16.2
15.6
2
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (December).
>___
No. 6 (November).
Line No. 29: i
Total, 22 ships.
4,136
4,231
134.0
150.0
2
2
30.9
28.2
17.4
15.8
2
1.77
1.78
2$0.51
2.51
18,965
556.8
2
34.1
24.4
2 1.39
2$0.65
21.6
2 1. 5
2$0.54
2 1.23
2 1.23
2$0.73
2
2
2
2
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (December).
No. 2 (October). _.
2
2
824
843
22.0
23.5
2
2
37.5
35.9
22.5
22.5
2.57
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (January).
No. 4 (M ay)___
2 873
i Discharged with ship’s gear.
30.0
28.5
2 28.8
2 30.6
23.3
24.9
21,000 board feet.
.73
175
SAN FRANCISCO (1926)
T a b l e 2 2 .—PR O D U C TIV IT Y
OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
L u m ber— Continued
Line No. 291—Continued.
No. 5 (June)__________
No. 6 (April) ________ _
Line No. 30:
Total, 18 ships_________
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve
per Long Reve Long Reve
nue
nue
gang
tons
ton nue
tons tons
ton
tons
Output per
gang-hour
Ships with average efficiency
2911
2 875
27.5
24.5
2 33.1
2 35.7
23.7
25.8
214,845
608.5
2 24.4
19.9
2 1.40
2 1.40
----
21.23
2$0.64
2.64
----
2$0.73
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January)—
No. 2 (November).
2800
2 804
27.5
32.0
2 29.1
2 25.1
19.2
18.1
2 1.52
2 1.39
2$0.59
2.65
21.03
2 1.09
2$0. 87
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (August)----No. 4 (December)..
2850
2 785
34.0
35.0
2 25.0
2 22.4
24.4
20.5
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March).
No. 6 (April)..
Line No. 31:»
Total, 31 ships.
35.0
31.0
2 23.4
2 27.4
19.0
22.2
2 78,558 1,142. 5
2 68.8
11.5
2820
2 850
----
2 1.23
21.23
.....
2$0.73
2.73
2 5.98
2$0.15
2 7.04
26.77
2$0.13
2.13
2 4.86
2 5.05
a$0.18
2.18
2 5.97
2 5.98
2$0.15
2.15
26.62
2 5.73
2 6.36
2 6.23
2 5.78
2 5.65
2 5.50
2 5.78
2 5.22
2 6.01
2 6.00
26.03
2$0.14
2.16
2.14
2.14
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.15
2.15
2.15
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (M arch)...
No. 2 (January)..
22,552
2 2,373
31.5
30.5
2 81.0
2 75.3
11.5
11.5
Ships with m in im um efficiency
No. 3 (September).
No. 4 (February)__
22,796
2 2,324
50.0
40.0
2 55.9
2 58.1
11.5
11.5
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (October).
No. 6 (April)....
2 2,471
2 2,443
36.0
35.5
268.6
268.8
11.5
11.5
Labor productivity and costf by months
January, 4 ships----February, 4 ships...
March, 3 ships____
April, 4 ships______
May, 1 sh ip..........
June, 1 ship............
July, 1 ship.............
August, 4 ships.......
September, 2 ships.
October, 3 ships___
November, 2 ships.
December, 2 ships..
1Discharged with ship’s gear.
29,560
2 9,658
2 7,566
29,818
2 2,526
2 2,565
2 2,532
210,361
2 5,404
2 7,812
2 5,483
2 5,273
125.5
146.5
103.5
137.0
38.0
39.5
40.0
154.0
90.0
113.0
79.5
76.0
21,000 board feet.
2 76.2
265.9
2 73.1
2 71.7
266.5
2 64.9
2 63.3
267.3
260.0
269.1
269.0
2 69.4
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
___
3 Lumber in units discharged with crane.
176
T a b le
GENERAL TABLES
^ . —P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H AN DLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber
of
hours
men
Reve
per Long Reve
Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
ton nue
tons tons
tons
ton
tons
Output per
gang-hour
N itrate of S oda
Line No. 32:
Total, 7 ships...........
12,296
4 13,770
411.5
29.9
4 33.5
20.3
1.47 41.65 $0.61 4$0.55
No. 1 (January)8-
1,037
907
321
41,161
41,016
4 359
33.5
29.5
10.5
31.0
31.0
31.0
4 34.7
4 34.4
4 34.2
20.3
20.3
20.0
1.53 41.71
1.52 41.70
1.53 41.71
.59
.59
.59
4. 53
4. 53
4. 53
Total.............
2,265
4 2,536
73.5
31.0
4 34.5
20.2
1.53 41.71
.59
4. 53
695
731
612
484
4 778
4819
4686
4542
32.0
24.0
20.0
18.0
21.7
30.5
30.6
26.9
4 24.3
4 34.1
4 34.3
4 30.1
19.5
20.0
21.0
21.0
1.12
1.53
1.46
1.28
.80
.59
.62
.70
4. 72
4. 53
4. 55
4. 63
Total.............
2,522
4 2,825
94.0
26.8
4 30.1
20.2
1.33 41.49
.68
4. 60
No. 3 (A pril)«.
496
804
727
507
357
4 555
4 900
4814
4 568
4 400
19.5
32.0
23.5
13.5
15.5
25.4
25.1
30.9
37.6
23.0
4 28.5
4 28.1
4 34.6
4 42.1
4 25.8
20.0
20.0
20.0
19.2
20.0
1.27
1.26
1.54
1.96
1.15
41.42
41.41
41.73
4 2.19
41.29
.71
.71
.58
.46
.78
4.63
4.64
4. 52
4. 41
4. 70
No. 2 (M arch)«
41.25
41.71
41.63
41.43
Total...........
2,891
4 3,237
104.0
27.8
4 31.1
19.9
1.39 41.56
.65
4. 58
No. 4 (M a y )..
700
4 784
22.5
31.1
4 34.8
20.4
1.53 41.71
.59
4. 53
No. 5 (July) 5_
250
925
820
4 280
4 1,036
4 918
7.5
26.0
20.0
33.3
35.6
41.0
4 37.3
439.9
4 45.9
21.3
21.4
21.7
1.56 41.75
1.67 41.87
1.89 4 2.12
.58
.54
.48
'*.51
4. 48
4. 42
Total...........
No. 6 (August)____
No. 7 (September).
1,995
4 2,234
53.5
37.3
441.7
21.5
1.74 4 1.95
.52
4. 46
1,531
392
41,715
4 439
50.5
13.5
30.3
29.0
4 34.0
4 32. 5
20.3
20.5
1.50 41.68
1.42 4 1.59
.60
.63
4. 54
4. 57
14,174
415,875
375.3
37.8
442. 3
17.5
2.16 4 2.41 $0.42 4$0.37
O re
Line No. 33:
Total, 10 ships........
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1(April): Ore (sacks).
No. 2 (May): Ore (sacks).
1,475
1,397
41,652
«1 ,565
25.5
26.5
57.8
52.7
464.8
4 59.1
19.7
19.4
2.92 *3.28 $0.31 4$0.27
2.72 *3.05
.33
4. 30
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (May):
Ore (bulk and sacks).
902
1,163
41,010
41,303
24.0
45.5
37.6
25.6
4 42.1
4 28.6
18.3
18.0
2.05 *2.30 $0.44 4$0.39
1.42 *1.59
.63
4. 57
Total.....................
2,065
4 2,313
69.5
29.7
433.3
18.1
1.64 41.84
.55
4. 49
No. 4 (April): Ore (sacks).
506
4 567
16.0
31.6
435.4
19.0
1.67 41.87
.54
4. 48
4 Short tons.
5 Data, except totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost.
177
SAN FRANCISCO (1926)
T a b l e 3 3 .— PR O D U C TIV ITY
OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN HANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COM M ODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
O re— Continued
No. 5 (August):
Ore (sacks) ............
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue Long
nue
tons tons
gang tons tons
ton nue
ton
Output per
gang-hour
Ships with average efficiency
1,465
1,204
41,641
41,348
32.5
35.0
45.1
34.4
4 50.5
4 38.5
18.2
18.3
2.48 42.78 $0.36 4$0.32
1.88 42.11
.48
4.43
2,669
4 2,989
67.5
39.5
444.3
18.2
2.17 4 2.43
.41
4. 37
Ore (sacks)...............
185
267
184
61
4 207
4 299
4 206
4 68
8.0
8.0
5.5
1.5
23.1
33.4
33.4
40.7
4 25.9
4 37.4
4 37.5
445.5
14.0
14.0
14.0
20.0
1.65
2.38
2.39
2.03
4 1.85
42.67
4 2.68
4 2.27
.55
.38
.38
.44
4.49
4.34
4. 34
4.40
Total.....................
697
4 780
23.0
30.3
4 33.9
14.4
2.11
4 2.36
.43
4.38
4176,986 4,548.0
34.7
438.9
18.8
1.85 4 2.07 $9.49 4$0.43
Total.....................
No. 6 (January):
Ore (bulk)8....... ......
P ineapple , C a n n e d
Line No. 34:
Total, 63 ships................ 158,027
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January).............
No. 2 (July)........ ...........
1,396
5,218
41,564
45,844
26.5
113.0
52.7
46.2
459.0
451.7
17.0
20.0
3.09 43.46 $0.29 4$0.26
2.30 42.58
.39 4.35
Ships with m in im um efficiency
No. 3 (August)________
No. 4 (October)_______
4,919
2,694
45,509
4 3,017
170.0
90.0
28.9
29.9
432.4
433.5
20.4
20.2
1.42 4 1.59 $0.63 4$0.57
1.48 4 1.66
<.54
.61
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (M ay)._...............
No. 6 (November).........
1,481
2,637
41,659
42,954
41.0
72.5
36.1
36.4
440.5
440.7
19.6
19.7
1.85 4 2.07 $0.49 4$0.43
1.85 4 2.07
.49
4.43
Labor productivity and coat, by months
January, 5 ships—
February, 4 ships..
March, 5 ships___
April, 4 ships____
May, 5 ships.........
June, 5 ships.........
July, 6 ships_____
August, 7 ships—
September, 7 ships
October, 5 ships..November, 5 ships.
December, 5 ships.
10,073
9,913
6,194
4,870
9,211
11,993
19,445
29,540
22,572
12,653
10,990
11,293
411,282
410,296
4 6,937
45,461
410,317
413,533
4 21,778
433,085
4 25,281
414,059
412,309
412,648
264.0
247.0
168.0
137.0
251.0
336.0
502.0
871.0
720.0
389.0
326.0
337.0
38.2
37.2
36.9
35.5
36.7
35.7
38.7
33.9
31.4
32.5
33.7
33.5
442.7
441.7
441.3
4 39.9
441.1
440.3
443.4
4 38.0
4 35.1
436.1
437.8
437.5
4 Short tons.
•Data, except totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost.
19.0
19.2
17.6
17.6
18.8
19.1
18.3
19.9
19.7
20.1
18.1
15.5
2.01
1.94
2.10
2.11
1.95
1.87
2.11
1.88
1.59
1.61
1.83
1.74
4 2.25 $0.45 4$0.40
4.41
4 2.17
.46
4 2.35
.43
4.38
4 2.37
.43
4.38
4.41
4 2.19
.46
4 2.11
.48
4.43
4 2.37
.43
4.38
4 2.10
.48
4.43
4 1.78
.57
4. 51
4 1.79
.56
4.50
4 2.04
4.44
.49
41.94
.52
4.46
178
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 22.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue Long nue
nue
tons
ton
tons gang tons tons ton
R a w S u g ar
Line No. 35:
Total, 103 ships.
502,426 68,916,404 5,305.0
94.7 61,681.0
21.0
4.51 6 80.10 $0.20 7$1.12
Skips with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (M ay)___
No. 2 (October) .
10,939
3,306
« 195,692
6 57,492
92.0 118.9 62,127.1
29.0 114.0 61,982.4
21.0
21.0
5.66 6101.30 $0.16 7 $0.8!
5.43 694.40
.17
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (April).
No. 4 (M ay)..
2,938
8,182
6 52,656
6 146,226
43.0
124.0
68.3 61,224.5
66.0 61,179.2
21.0
21.0
3.25 6 58.30 $0.28 7$1.54
3.14 6 56.20
.29 7 7.60
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (Feburary).
No. 6 (July)_____
3,113
1,901
6 55,668
« 34,186
33.0
20.0
94.3 61,686.9
95.1 61,709.2
21.0
21.0
4.49 680.30 $0.20 7$1. 12
4.53 6 81.40
.20 7 1.11
Labor productivity and cost, by months
December (1925), 6 ships___
January, 10 ships----------February, 9 ships_______
March, 11 ships________
April, 12 ships--------------May, 12 ships...................
June, 12 ships__________
July, 6 ships___________
August, 6 ships-------------September, 7 ships______
October, 8 ships________
November, 4 ships______
Line No. 36:
Total, 53 ships—........
17,973
53,479
56,796
67,291
68,823
65,387
66,215
18,045
16,815
29,179
28,449
13,974
6 320,841
6 895,734
6 1,014,865
6 1,204,856
6 1,230,336
6 1,169,011
6 1,182, 208
6 322,416
6 299,785
« 518,435
e 507,435
6 250,482
209.0 86.0 61,535.0
588.0 91.0 61,523.0
587.0 96.8 61,729.0
690.0 97.5 61,746.0
754.0 91.3 61,632.0
730.0 89.6 61,601.0
687.0 96.4 61,721.0
184.0 98.1 61,752.0
172.0 97.8 61,743.0
290.0 100.6 61,788.0
278.0 102.3 61,825.0
136.0 102.8 61,842.0
221,641 64,095,418 3,724.0
59.5 61,100.0
6 75.00 $0.22 7$1.20
.21 71.24
6 72.50
6 82.30
.20 71.09
6 83.20 .19 71.08
6 77.70
.21 7 1.16
.21 7 1.18
6 76.30
6 81.90
.20 7 1.10
6 83.40
.19 7 1.08
6 83.00
.19 7 1.08
685.10
.19 71.06
686.90
.18 7 1.04
6 88.00
.18 7 1.02
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
4.10
4.33
4.61
4.65
4.35
4.27
4.59
4.67
4.66
4.79
4.87
4.91
26.6
2.24 641.30 $0.40 7$2.18
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (April).
No. 2 (June)..
4,672
1,010
6 82,821
6 18,052
72.0 64.89 61,150.2
13.5 74.73 61,337.3
25.0
27.0
2.82 650.00 $0.32 ’$1.80
.32 7 1.82
2.77 649.50
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (June) —
No. 4 (March).
1,295
1,985
6 23,259
6 38,074
30.0 43.12 6 775.2
43.0 46.07 6 885.3
30.0
30.0
1.44 625.80 $0.63 7$3.49
1.54 629.50
.58 7 3.05
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (February)—.
No. 6 (September) .
6 Bags.
3,229
4,266
6 56,969
6 76,448
53.0 60.99 61,074.9
71.0 60.03 61,076.8
7 Per 100 bags.
27.0
27.0
i!
2.26 639.80 $0.40 7$2.26
2.22 639.90
.41 7 2.26
179
SAN FRANCISCO (1926)
T a b l e 22.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R AN D LABOR COST IN HAN DLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Long
tons
R a w S u gar— Continued
Line No. 36—Continued.
January, 2 ships....................
February, 7 ships...... ...........
March, 5 ships......................
April, 7 ships.........................
May, 6 ships.........................
June, 6 ships.........................
July, 5 ships...... ....................
August, 6 ships.....................
September, 4 ships................
October, 3 ships....................
November, 2 ships................
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue Long
tons
gang
tons tons
ton nue
tons
ton
Labor productivity and cost, by months
7,005
36,186
19,744
40,998
30,402
19,472
18,082
21,376
10,465
11,190
6.721
«140,353
« 676,390
« 368,221
« 763,625
« 582,726
« 348,706
« 324,846
«381,815
« 187,029
« 200,741
« 120,966
27.0
27.6
25.9
25.1
26.4
27.6
26.0
27.2
26.5
25.9
33.0
9 825.2
16.8
1.86 949.10 $0.48 10$1.83
8.0 32.75 9 875.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
1.93 951.50
1.76 946.70
1.72 945.60
111
49.3
38.9
59.6
54.2
58.7
66.2
66.5
65.2
61.6
59.8
60.5
«981
636.40 $0.50 7$2.47
639.90 .4? 72.26
643.00 .39 7 2.09
640.20 .41 72.24
642.60 .40 7 2.11
643.00 .37 7 2.09
645.80 .36 7 1.97
642.70 .38 7 2.11
641.60 .39 7 2.16
6 1,101
6 1,112
6 1,010
6 1,125
6 1,186
6 1,194
6 1,164
6 1,100
6 1,073
6 1,090
143
614
331
756
518
294
272
328
170
187
1.81
2.13
2.30
2.16
2.22
2.40
2.55
2.39
2.33
2.31 642.90
1.84 633.20
.39 7 2.10
.49 7 2.71
Loading cargo
C a se Oi l 8
Line No. 37: 5
Total, 3 ships___
236.0 31.2
7,372
®194,739
No. 1 (March) .
262
448
117
9 7,000
#11,898
93,102
15.0 29.87 9 793.2
4.0 29.25 9 775.5
.47
1.75
.51 w 1.93
.52 io 1.97
Total..........
827
9 22,000
27.0 30.63 9814.8
17.0
1.80 947.90
.50 1° 1.88
No. 2 (June).
675
537
700
9 18,000
914,300
918,625
24.0 28.13 9 750.0
15.5 34.65 9922.6
24.0 29.17 9 776.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
1.65 944.10
2.04 954.30
1.72 945.70
.55 10 2.04
.44 101.66
.52 io 1.97
Total.........
1,912
9 50,925
63.5 30.11 9802.0
No. 3 (July).
535
735
795
538
1,355
675
»14,800
919,560
918, 507
9 14,856
9 36,093
9 17,998
18.0
31.5
27.5
16.5
37.0
15.0
4,633
9 121,814
Total------------
17.0
1.77 947.20
.51 io 1.91
9 822.2
9 621.0
9 673.0
9900.4
9975.5
91,199.9
17.0
17.0
16.0
16.0
17.0
17.0
1.75
1.37
1.81
2.04
2.15
2.65
.50
.44
.42
.34
145.5 31.84 9 837.2
16.7
1.91 950.10
18.0
1.69 41.89 $0.53 4$0.48
29.72
23.33
28.91
32.61
36.62
45.00
948.40
936.50
942.10
956.30
957.40
970.60
.51 io 1.86
.66 102.47
io 2.14
io 1.60
io 1.57
io 1.27
.47 io 1.80
Copper
Line No. 38:
Total, 12 ships..
12,216
* 13,682 1 400.7
30.5
434.1
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (April)....
No. 2 (August).
1,344
937
4 1,505
41,050
38.5
26.2
35.0
35.8
439.2
440.1
18.0
18.0
1.94 42.18 $0.46 <$0.41
1.99 42.23
.45
4.40
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (March)_________
No. 4 (May) .................
627
932
4702
41,044
25.9
38.1
24.3 1 427.2
24.4 | 427.4
18.0
18.0
1.35 41.51 $0.67 4$0.60
1.36 4 1.52
.66 4.59
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April)..........
No. 6 (September)-
4 1,018
1,121
41,255
30.4
30.9
27.0
30.7
433.5
434.4
4Short tons.
5 Data, except totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost.
6Bags.
18.0
18.0
1.66 41.86 $0.54 <$0.48
1.71
41.91
8 Samples.
9 Cases.
.53
10 Per 100 cases.
4.47
Los Angeles (1926)
T a b le 2 3 .—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G CARGO, B Y
KIN D OF T R A D E AN D IN DIVIDU AL COM M ODITIES
Cargo tonnage
Operation, line number, and
commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Ganghours
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
age man-hour
per—
num
ber of
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
tons tons
tons tons
ton nue
ton
Foreign trade1
Discharging cargo:
Europe—
No. 1............................
No. 2............................
No. 3............................
No. 4............................
Latin America—
No. 5.................. - ........
No. 6............................
No. 7............................
Orient—No. 8.....................
Loading cargo:
Europe—
No. 9............................
No. 10...........................
No. 11...........................
Latin America—No. 12—
Orient—
No. 13...........................
No. 14...........................
No. 15...........................
9,364
7,856
20,283
4,069
10,488
18,828
23,753
4,932
725.8
462.9
1,448.0
416.2
12.9
17.0
14.0
9.8
14.5
19.1
16.4
11.9
12.0
19.1
18.0
19.0
1.08
.90
.78
.51
1.20 $0.83
1.01 1.00
.91 1.15
.62 1.76
16,341
8,861
11,610
16,192
18,301
9,925
13,000
20,912
579.0
310.7
1,295.0
1,243.0
28.2
28.5
9.0
13.0
31.6
31.9
10.0
16.8
18.7
24.0
13.7
20.6
1.51
1.19
.65
.63
1.69
1.33
.73
.82
.60
.76
1.38
1.43
.53
.68
1.23
1.10
9,984
8,328
19,910
5,090
13,460
13,436
24,170
5,700
473.5
564.8
1,420.8
460.0
21.1
14.7
14.0
11.1
28.4
23.8
17.0
12.4
19.0
18.0
18.0
13.0
1.11
.82
.78
.85
1.50
1.32
.94
.95
.81
1.10
1.15
1.06
.60
.68
.96
.95
16,228
12,576
10,231
30,660
17,672
12,981
861.0
578.2
531.9
18.8
21.8
19.2
35.6
30.6
24.4
20.0
19.0
19.0
.94
1.14
1.01
1.78
1.61
1.29
.96
.79
.89
.51
.56
.70
$0.75
.89
.99
1.45
Intercoastal trade 1
Discharging cargo:
No. 16.................................
No. 17.................................
No. 18................................
No. 19.................................
No. 20.................................
Loading cargo:
No. 21.................................
No. 22.................................
264,558
2124,138
250,269
2195,238
2 29,437
2,383.5
6,469.0
3,908.6
12,402.0
2,527.0
62,324 2 69,803
42,221 247,288
2,951.0
2,402.9
57,646
110,834
44,881
174,352
26,280
227.1
219.2
212.9
215.7
211.6
17.7
17.9
12.0
17.0
12.8
1.37 31.53 $0.66 2$0.59
.96 21.07
.94 2.84
.96 21.07
.94 2.84
.83 2.93 1.08 2.97
.82 2.91 1.10 2.99
21.1 223.7
17.6 219.7
20.4
19.0
1.03 21. 16
.92 21.03
24.2
17.1
11.5
14.1
10.4
.87
.98
2.78
2.87
Coastwise trade 1
Discharging cargo:
No. 23 .............................
Loading cargo:
No. 24.................................
2224,415 3145,660.0
2 61,443
344,073.0
21.54
2$0.58
21.39
2.65
Individual commodities 1
Discharging cargo:
Lumber—
No. 25.........................
No. 26.........................
No. 27.........................
No. 28.........................
No. 29..........................
9,118
Nitrate of soda—No. 3 0 Newsprint paper—No. 31- 14,812
Pipe—
8,637
No. 32.....................
6,946
No. 33......................
* Wage rate: 90 cents per hour.
180
4 31,834
4 40,548
428,985
438,807
423,704
10,211
16,587
1,018.0
1,650.0
914.0
1,616.0
953.0
235.6
491.2
431.3
424.6
431.7
424.0
424.9
38.7 43.3
30.2 33.8
16.0
12.7
16.7
14.1
15.7
24.0
18.0
41.95
<$0.46
41.94
4.46
41.90
4 .47
41.71
4.53
41 58
4.57
1.61 1.81 $0.56
.50
1.67 1.88
.54
.48
29,670
7,779
372.0
356.0
23.2 226.0
19.5 21.9
12.0
12.0
1.93 22.17
1.63 1.83
2 Short tons.
3 Man-hours.
.47
.55
41,000 board feet.
2.41
.49
181
LOS ANGELES (1926)
T a b l e 24.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E
Discharging cargo: Europe
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
L ine N o. 1 1
Total, 7 ships.________. . . . _____ 9,364
No. 1 (February):
Pipe___ _____ _____________
Chemicals_________________
General cargo______________
606
526
Total____________________ 1,132
No. 4 (March):
Pipe........................................
General cargo_____________
Total___ ___, ______ ^
No. 5 (June):
Pipe.........................................
Coke._________ ___________
General cargo______________
725.8
12.9
14.5
12.0
1.08
1.20 $0.83
1,404
92.4
13.6
15.2
12.0
1.13
1.27
.80
.71
13.7
15.3
12.0
1.14
1.28
.79
.70
.32
.29
$0.75
903
644
358
Total____________________ 1,905
No. 3 (March):
Pipe.........................................
Chemicals_________________
10,488
961
268
25
Total.................................... 1,254
No. 2 (March):
Steel....... ...... ......... ................
Pipe.........................................
General cargo______________
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output
Aver per manlabor cost
age
per—
hour
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue gang
nue Long
tons tons
ton ton
tons tons
Output
per ganghour
2,134
138.9
_
1,268
34.0
33.4
37.4
12.0
3.78
935
49.0
17.0
19.0
12.0
1.42
1.59
.63
.57
1,120
85.1
11.8
13.2
12.0
.98
1.10
.92
.82
2,239
261.6
7.7
8.6
12.0
.64
.72
1.41
1.25
3.11
783
52
835
505
451
44
Total.................................... 1,000
No. 6 (July):
Steel___________ . __________ 1,220
Pipe.........................................
299
General cargo._____________
480
Total_____ _______ _______ 1,999
No. 7 (December):
Pipe______________________
Potash____________ ________
767
472
Total..... .................
1,239
1,388
64.8
19.1
21.4
12.0
1.59
1.78
.57
.51
L ine N o. 2
Total, 13 ships____ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,856
2 8,828
462.9
17.0
19.1
19.1
0.90
1.01 $1.00
$0.89
$0.62
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (November):
Pipe............./ . _____________
General cargo__________ ___
193
75
216
84
268
300
497
259
169
191
557
290
189
232
Total.................................... 1,116
1,268
Total___ _______ ______ _
No. 2 (February):
Stone___ ____ ______ _______
Pipe and steel_____ ________
Glass.......................................
General cargo..........................
10.8
24.7
27.7
19.0
1.30
1.46 $0.69
49.6
23.2
26.4
19.0
1.22
1.39
.74
.65
* Most of cargo discharged directly to railroad cars.
2 Principal commodities: Pipe iron and steel 2,633 short or revenue tons; window and plate glass,
1,104 short or revenue tons.
182
GENERAL TABLES
TABLE 2 4 .—P R O D U C TIV ITY OP LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E—C ontinued
Discharging cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Total............................... .
No. 4 (March):
General cargo______________
Output
Average
Aver per manlabor cost
age
hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
per Long Reve Long Reve
Long Reve
nue gang
nue ton nue
tons tons
tons tons
ton
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
L ine N o . 2—Continued
No. 3 (July):
Window and plate glass.........
Bananas___________________
General cargo______________
Output
per ganghour
246
98
87
276
110
96
431
482
37.9
11.4
12.7
19.0
0.60
392
429
29.6
13.3
14.4
19.0
.70
0.67 $1.50
.76
$1.34
1.29
1.18
0.96 $1.05
$0.94
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (August):
Sugar_________—__________
Bags______________________
General cargo..____________
229
123
337
256
138
378
Total....................................
689
772
No. 6 (April):
Pipe and steel______________
Window glass_____ _________
General cargo______________
441
104
144
494
116
161
Total....................................
689
771
42.2
16.3
18.2
19.0
0.86
38.4
18.1
20.1
19.0
.95
Total, 29 ships_________________ 20,283 3 23,753 1,448.0
14.0
16.4
18.0
0.78
1.06
.95
.85
0.91 $1.15
$0.99
$0.50
L ine N o. 3
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (August):
Bananas______ ____________
Pig iro n __________________
General cargo______________
159
100
331
178
112
440
Total...................................
590
730
No. 2 (October):
Pig iro n __________________
General cargo______________
297
382
333
482
Total_______________ ____
679
815
23.0
25.7
32.6
18.0
1.46
1.81 $0.62
25.0
27.0
32.4
18.0
1.50
1.80
.60
.50
0.49 $2.05
$1.84
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (February):
Bananas___________________
General cargo______________
75
115
84
130
Total................... ...............
190
214
No. 4 (December):
Bananas__________ ___ __ _
General cargo______________
135
243
151
272
Total____________________
378
423
24.0
45.0
7.9
8.4
8.8
.94
18.0
0.44
18.0
.47
.52
1.91
1.73
3 Principal commodities: Coke, 2,770 revenue tons; cement, 1,836 revenue tons; pig iron, 1,652 revenue
tons; bananas, 689 revenue tons.
183
LOS ANGELES (1926)
T abu s * 4 .—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E—Continued
Discharging cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
L ine N o. 3—Continued
i
Output
per ganghour
Output
Average
Aver per manlabor cost
age
hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue Long
nue gang
tons tons
ton nue
tons tons
ton
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (M ay):
Coke........................................
498
Pig iron...................................
200
General cargo.......................... 1,157
558
224
1,351
Total ___________________ 1,855
2,133
135.0
13.7
15.8
18.0
0.76
278
17.5
14.1
15.9
18.0
.78
* 4,932
416.2
9.8
11.9
19.0
0.51
No. 6 (July):
Bananas..................................
General cargo...................... ...
52
195
60
218
Total____________________
247
Total, 11 ships_________________ 4,069
0.88 $1.18
.88
$1.02
1.15
1.02
0.62 $1.76
$1.45
0.82 $1.27
$1.10
Line No. 4
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June):
Bananas..................................
General cargo..........................
215
360
241
425
Total____________________
575
666
No. 2 (March):
Bananas___________________
General cargo..........................
277
270
310
360
Total____________ . . . . _--
547
670
42.6
13.5
15.6
19.0
0.71
49.3
11.0
13.7
19.0
.58
.72
1.55
1.25
0.50 $2.37
$1.80
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
1
No. 3 (October):
Bananas..................................
General cargo..........................
173
70
204
116
Total_________________ __
243
320
32.9
7.2
9.5
19.0
0.38
161
181
20.7
7.8
8.7
19.0
.41
No. 4 (June): Bananas........... .
.46
2.20
1.96
0.64 $1.70
$1.41
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (November):
Bananas___________________
General cargo..........................
Total_________________ _
320
60
358
99
380
457
No. 6 (December):
Bananas___________________
General cargo______________
273
85
306
136
T otal-.................... ............
358
442
37.7
10.1
12.2
19.0
0.53
39.1
9.1
11.2
19.0
.48
4 Principal commodity: Bananas, 2,803 short or revenue tons.
.59
1.88
1.53
184
GENERAL TABLES
T able 34 —P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E-Continued
Discharging cargo: Latin America
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
16,341
s 18,301
Average
Output
Aver per manlabor cost
age
per—
hour
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue Long
nue gang
tons tons ton nue
tons tons
ton
Output
per ganghour
L ine No. 5
Total, 12 ships____ ___________
579.0
28.2
31.6
18.7
1.51
1.69 $0.60
$0.53
$0.29
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June):
Coffee......................................
Linseed...................................
General cargo.........................
688
701
944
659
785
1,057
Total........... ................... _
2,233
2,501
48.0
46.5
52.1
17.0
2.73
3.06 $0.33
No. 2 (April):
Coffee and cocoa.............. ......
853
Fertilizer and bones............... 1,156
955
1,295
24.0
32.0
35.5
36.2
39.8
40.5
22.0
17.0
1.62
2.12
1.81
2.38
.56
.42
.50
.38
Total. .......... ..................... 2,009
2,250
56.0
35.9
40.2
19.1
1.87
2.10
.48
.49
$0.92
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (October):
Coffee......................................
General cargo'.____________
487
514
26
645
576
29
T o ta l........................ ........
1,027
1,150
Fertilizer and bones__________
65.0
15.8
17.7
18.0
0.87
0.98 $1.03
No. 4 (January):
Coffee.....................................
512
20.5
573
and
bones29.0
________ Fertilizer
636
567
25.0
19.6
28.0
21.9
22.0
18.0
1.13
1.09
1.27
1.22
.80
.83
.71
.74
21.8
24.4
19.7
1.11
1.24
.81
.73
$0.82
.41
Total ................................
1,079
1,209
49.5
Ships with average efficiency
No. 6 (March):
Coffee and cocoa....................
Asphalt__________________
General cargo____________
4
632
518
535
596
580 }
599
23.5
31.5
22.7
33.4
25.4
37.4
23.0
17.0
0.98
1.96
1.10 $0.92
.46
2.20
55.0
28.8
32.3
19.6
1.47
1.65
.61
.55
1,585
1,775
487
817
545
915
1,304
1,460
46.5
28.0
31.4
18.0
1.55
1.74
.58
.52
Total, 92 ships_________________ 8,861
6 9,925
310.7
28.5
31.9
24.0
1.19
1.33 $0.76
$0.68
1.94 $0.52
.62
1.63
$0.46
.55
Total..................................
No. 6 (December):
Coffee .
Fertilizer
Total............................... .
L ine No. 6
Ships with m aximum efficiency
653
No. 1 (January): Nitrate of soda..
1,022
No. 2 (July): Nitrate of soda.
731
1,145
15.7
29.2
44.5
35.0
46.6
39.1
24.0
24.0
1.73
1.46
5 Principal commodities: Coffee and cocoa, 6,672 short or revenue tons; fertilizer and bones, 6,668 short
or revenue tons.
6 Principal commodities: Nitrate of soda, 6,938 long tons or 6,650 revenue tons; fertilizers, 2,402 long tons
or 2,691 revenue tons.
185
LOS ANGELES (1926)
T able 24.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN HANDLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E—Continued
Discharging cargo: Latin America— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Output
per ganghour
Output
Average
Aver per manla oor cost
age
hour
per—
num
Gangber
of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
tons tons
tons tons
ton nue
ton
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
L in e N o . 6— Continued
No. 3 (October):
Fertilizer-......................... ......
General cargo.........................
282
218
T o ta l--......................
500
561
21.3
23.5
26.4
24.0
0.98
1.10 $0.92
No. 4 (February): Nitrate of soda„ 1,468
1,644
57.1
25.7
28.8
24.0
1.07
1.20
316
245
$0.82
.84
.75
Ships with average efficiency
N o. 5 (M ay): Nitrate of soda ..
No. 6 (November): Fertilizer.......
845
845
946
947
29.2
30.5
28.8
27.6
32.4
31.0
24.0
24.0
1.20
1.15
1.35 $0.75
.78
$0.67
.70
1,295.0
9.0
10.0
13.7
0.65
0.73 $1.38
$1.23
1.10 $0.92
$0.82
1.29
L in e N o . 7
Total, 18 ships___________ _____ 11,610
13,000
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (November): General car
go__________________________
No. 2 (April):
Coffee_______________ _____
Bananas__________________
Total___________________
470
526
159
178
262
293
103
35.0
13.4
15.0
13.7
0.98
20.0
13.1
14.7
15.1
.87
115
.97
1.03
.93
0.51 $1.96
$1.76
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (April):
Pipe.......................................
General cargo______________
447
528
500
592
Total....................................
975
1,092
165.0
5.9
6.6
13.1
0.46
No. 4 (December): General car
go_________________ ______
261
292
44.0
5.9
6.6
11.7
.51
.57
1. 76
1.58
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (February): General cargo.
No. 6 (July): General cargo.____
878
653
983
731
114.0
55.0
7.7
11.9
8.6
13.3
12.2
17.6
0.63
.67
0.71 $1.43
.75 1.34
$1.27
1.20
20.6
0.63
0.82 $1.43
$1.10
1.15 $0.98
.99
1.13
$0.78
.80
Discharging cargo: Orient
L ine No. 8
Total, 22 ships............................... 716,192
20,912 1,243.0
13.0
16.8
Ships with maximum efficiency
904
No. 1 (August).............................
No. 2 (September)........................ 1,109
1,140
1,375
47.0
62.0
19.2
17.9
24.3
22.2
21.0
19.7
0.92
.91
7 Principal commodities: Canned pineapple, 7,310 long tons; refined sugar, 5,340 long tons.
66490°—32------13
186
GENERAL TABLES
T able 34.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN T R A D E —Continued
Discharging cargo: Orient— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Output
Average
Aver per manlabor cost
age
hour
per—
num
Gangber
of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue Long
tons tons gang tons tons ton nue
ton
Output
per ganghour
Ships with m inim um efficiency
L ine N o. 8—Continued
No. 3 (October)______ _________
452
282
......... ............... ...... No. 795
4 (M ay) 971
50.0
78.0
5.6
10.2
9.0
12.4
21.2
22.0
0.27
.46
0.43 $3.33
.56 1.96
$2.09
1.01
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March)..................... .........
No. 6 (November)___________
999
555
1,260
802
73.0
45.0
13.7
12.3
17.3
17.8
21.3
22.4
0 64
.55
0.81 $1.41
.79 1.64
$1.11
1.14
19.0
1.11
1.50 $0.81
$0.60
$0.33
Loading cargo: Europe
L ine N o. 9
Total, 12 ships_________________ *9,984 8 13,460
473.5
21.1
28.4
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January):
Cotton.
General cargo__
107
51
269
57
Total______________ _____
158
326
No. 2 (December):
Cotton____________ ________
General cargo__
689
41
1,738
.48
730
1,786
Total................................
6.3
25.1
51.7
19.0
1.32
2.72 $0.68
38.2
19.2
46.7
19.0
1.01
2.46
.89
.37
1.12 $0.90
$0.80
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (February):
Copper__________________
Canned fish _
General cargo___ ____
T o ta l...._________ _______
No. 4 (September):
Copper__________________
General cargo______ _ „
Total—___ ______________
487
118
333
546
132
371
938
1,049
375
202
420
306
577
726
49.4
19.0
21.3
19.0
1.00
30.7
18.8
23.6
19.0
.99
1.24
.91
.73
1.45 $0.69
$0.62
.94
.58
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (June):
Copper____________________
General cargo______________
539
102
604
114
Total____ ___ ____ _______
641
718
No. 6 (November):
Cotton___ _____________
Copper_____ ______________
Canned fish________________
General cargo_________
305
434
158
47
770
487
177
70
Total........... ........................
944
1,504
26.0
24.7
27.6
19.0
1.30
51.5
18.2
29.3
19.0
.96
1.54
8Principal commodities: Copper and concentrates, 3,541 long tons or 3,969 revenue tons; cotton, 1,508
long tons or 3,803 revenue tons; cottonseed meal, 2,589 long tons, or 2,800 revenue tons.
187
LOS ANGELES (1926)
T
able
2 4 . — P R O D U C TIV ITY
OF LABO R A N D LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Output
Average
Aver per manlabor cost
age
per—
hour
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve per Long Reve Long Reve
nue gang tons nue ton nue
tons tons
tons
ton
Output
per ganghour
L in e No. 10
Total, 18 ships....... ...................... 8,328 913,436
564.8
14.7
23.8
18.0
0.82
1.32 $1.10
$0.68
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (November):
Cotton
.............. .
General cargo______________
271
64
591
87
Total _____ _____________
335
678
403
202
204
992
225
253
809
1,470
No. 2 (June):
Cottonseed rrie.al
General cargo,
T o ta l--.............................. -
17.9
18.7
37.8
18.0
1.04
2.10 $0.87
$0.43
43.4
18.7
33.8
18.0
1.04
1.88
.87
.48
0.80 $1.70
$1.13
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (August):
Oranges________________ General cargo______________
214
409
364
581
Total____________________
623
945
65.2
9.5
14.4
18.0
0.53
No. 4 (December): General cargo.
217
220
14.0
15.5
15.8
18.0
.86
.88
1.05
1.02
1.31 $0.87
$0.69
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (October):
Canned goods........ .. .......
General cargo______________
Total____________ _____
No. 6 (December): General cargo.
313
47
350
110
360
460
19.4
18.5
23.1
18.0
1.03
263
449
19.5
13.5
23.0
18.0
.75
19,910 io 24,170 1,420. 8
14.0
17.0
18.0
0.78
1.28
1.20
.70
0.94 $1.15
$0.96
L ine No. 11
Total, 28 ships_____________
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (December):
Cotton____________________
Borax_________ ____ _______
Oranges......... ................. ......
General cargo__________ ___
470
186
102
176
526
208
114
199
T o ta l................. ................
934
1,047
No. 2 (August):
C ottonseed meal.................
General cargo...................... .
1,004
35
1,124
40
Total___________ ____ ___
1,039
1,164
39.4
23.8
26.6
18.0
1.32
1.48 $0.68
$0.61
47.9
21.6
24.3
18.0
1.20
1.35
.75
.67
fl Principal commodities: Cotton, 1,866 long tons or 4,297 revenue tons; oranges, 1,908 long tons or 3,299
revenue tons.
10 Principal commodities: Cotton, 6,444 long tons or 7,218 revenue tons; oranges, 4,346 long tons or 6,470
revenue tons; borax, 1,992 long tons or 2,230 revenue tons.
188
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 24.—PR O D U C T IV IT Y OF LABO R AN D LABO R COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE-Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
L ine N o . 11—Continued
Average
Output
Aver per manlabor cost
age
hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
ton nue
tons tons
tons tons
ton
Output
per ganghour
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (October):
Cotton.....................................
General cargo..........................
202
218
226
270
Total____________________
420
496
No. 4 (April):
Cotton.....................................
Oranges...................................
Borax.......................................
General cargo..........................
321
121
108
159
360
175
121
190
Total....................................
709
846
41.7
10.1
11.9
18.0
0.56
68.6
10.3
12.4
18.0
.57
0.66 $1.61
.69
$1.36
1.58
1.30
0.94 $1.18
$0.96
Skips with average efficiency
No. 5 (May)
Oranges___________________
Borax...................................
Cotton.....................................
Hides.......................................
General cargo..........................
318
164
149
144
56
450
184
167
161
62
Total____________________
831
1,024
No. 6 (August):
Oranges___________________
Cottonseed meal.....................
General cargo..........................
757
750
49
1,087
840
57
Total___ ____ ____________ 1,556
1,984
60.8
13.7
16.9
18.0
0.76
119.0
13.1
16.7
18.0
.73
13.0
0.85
.93
1.23
.97
0.95 $1.06
$0.95
1.43 $0.70
1.15
.87
$0.63
.78
0.60 $1.67
.69 1.45
$1.50
1.30
0.97 $1.09
.97 1.03
$0.93
.93
Loading cargo: Latin America
Line N o. 12
Total, 13 ships_________________ 5,090
5,700
460.0
11.1
12.4
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (July)...................................
No. 2 (January)........................... -
405
587
454
658
24.0
43.0
16.9
13.7
18.9
15.3
13.3
13.3
1.28
1.03
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 ( ____
No. 4 (March).
308
495
345
554
38.0
62.0
8.1
7.9
9.1
8.9
15.2
13.0
0.54
.62
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (June)____________ ______
No. 6 (December)— __ . . . ______
295
371
330
416
27.0
35.0
10.9
10.6
12.2
11.9
12.6
12.2
0.87
.87
189
LOS ANGELES (1926)
T a b l e 3 4 .— P R O D U C T IV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABOR COSTS IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E—Continued
Loading cargo: Orient
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output
Aver
labor cost
per manage
per—
hour
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
tons tons
tons tons
ton nue
ton
Output
per ganghour
L in e N o. 13
Total, 22 sh ip s..._____ _________ 16,228
30,660
861.0
18.8
35.6
20.0
0.94
1.78 $0.96
$0.51
2.54 $0.95
2.53
.69
$0.35
.36
1.02 $2.00
1.14 1.32
$0.88
.79
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (November)_____________
No. 2 (October)________________;
558
778
1,497
1,500
29.0
28.0
19.2
27.8
51.6
53.6
20.3
21.2
0.95
1.31
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (September)_____________
No. 4 (February)_______________
545
548
1,245
912
62.0
37.0
8.8
14.8
20.1
24.6
19.7
21.7
0.45
0.68
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (December)______________
729
1,433
43.0 17.0 33.3
No.858
6 (April)..................................
1,520
41.0 20.9 37.1
18.7
20.7
0.91
1.01
1.78 $0.99
.89
1.79
$0.51
.50
19.0
1.14
1.61 $0.79
$0.56
$0.40
Lin e N o. 14
Total, 11 ships_________________ 12,576 ii 17,672
578.2
21.8
30.6
Ships w ith m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (September):
Case oil_______
General cargo______________
1,110
83
1,549
91
Total____________________ 1,193
1,640
No. 2 (September):
Case oil.
_____________
General cargo___________ _
1,247
236
1,745
307
Total.................................... 1,483
2,052
38.1
31.4
42.9
19.0
1.65
2.26 $0.55
57.0
26.0
36.1
19.0
1.37
1.90
.66
.47
1.20 $1.07
$0.75
.93
.64
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (August):
Case oil
_________ ___
Lubricating oil_____________
General cargo______________
570
257
71
800
410
78
Total....................................
898
1,288
No. 4 (May):
Case oil___________________
Lubricating oil_____________
General cargo_____ ________
964
501
130
1,350
813
143
Total..................................
1,595
2,306
56.5
16.0
22.8
19.0
0.84
86.3
18.4
26.8
19.0
.97
1.41
“ Principal commodities: Case oil, 9,461 long tons or 13,231 revenue tons; lubricating oil, 2,028 long tons
or 3,246 revenue tons.
190
T
able
GENERAL TABLES
3 4 .—
P R O D U C T IV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABOR COSTS IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E—Continued
Loading cargo: Orient— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
L
in e
Reve
nue
tons
Output
Average
Aver per manlabor cost
age
hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
per Long Reve
Long Reve
nue Long
nue gang
tons tons
ton nue
tons tons
ton
Output
per ganghour
Ships with average efficiency
N o. 14—Continued
No. 5 (December):
Case oil___________________
General cargo______________
284
89
398
98
Total____________________
373
496
1,400
856
344
1,950
1,370
157
Total.................................... 2,400
16.4
22.8
30.4
19.0
1.20
1.60 $0.75
3,477
113.2
21.3
30.8
19.0
1.12
1.62
Total, 15 ships_________________ 10,231 1212,981
531.9
19.2
24.4
19.0
1.01
1.29 $0.89 $0 .70
No. 6 (June):
Case oil___________________
T iiih rifta tin g o il
_ .
General cargo______________
L in e
.80
$0.56
.56
No. 15
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (December):
Cotton ________ •
_________
Copper. __________________
General cargo______________
425
212
109
1,071
237
163
Total.......................... .........
746
1,471
No. 2 (April):
Old newspapers____________
Soda ash___________________
453
136
507
152
Total....................................
589
659
39.2
19.0
37.6
19.0
1.00
1.98 $0.90
22.5
26.2
29.3
19.0
1.38
1.54
$0.45
.65
.58
0.99 $1.11
$0.91
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (April):
Old newspapers____________
General cargo______________
454
154
509
228
Total...................................
608
737
No, 4 (August):
Old newspapers____________
General cargo______________
341
54
382
61
Total....................................
395
443
39.4
15.4
18.8
19.0
0.81
23.3
16.9
19.0
19.0
.89
1.00
1
1.01
.90
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (November):
Ola newspapers____________
Cotton __________________
Soda ash.
__ __ __________
General cargo______________
402
93
140
281
450
235
157
330
Total_______________ ____
916
1,172
No. 6 (December):
Old newspapers
Cotton____________________
Soda ash__________________
General cargo___________ _
405
60
180
44
454
116
202
66
Total____ ______ _________
689
838
48.3
19.0
24.3
19.0
1.00
1.28 $0.90
$0.70
33.1
20.7
25.3
19.0
1.09
1.33
.83
.68
12 Principal commodity: Old newspapers, 6,314 long tons or 7,072 revenue tons.
191
LOS ANGELES (1926)
T a b l e 2 5 .— P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
IN TERCOASTAL T R AD E
Discharging cargo
Ganghours
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
Long Reve per Long Reve Long Reve
nue gang tons nue ton nue
tons tons
1
tons i
ton i
2,383.5
24.2
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons i
Lin e N o. 16
Total, 32 ships...........................
57,676 2 64,558
27.1
17.7
1.37
1.53 $0.66
$0.59
$0.36
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (June):
Pipe____________________ _
General cargo_____________
Total___________________
4,074
259
3,869
No. 2 (December):
Pipe ____________________
General cargo________- ____
Total
........................... —
4,333
94.0
41.2
46.1
18.7
2.21
2.47 $0.41
95.0
30.2
33.8
17.7
!. 7!
1.92
2,335
878
2,869
3,213
.53
.47
0.80 $1.27
$1.13
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (November):
Lumber__________________
General cargo_____________
Total___________________
228
239
417
No. 4 (December):
Pipe_____________________
General cargo_____________
Total___________________
467
36.0
11.6
13.0
16.3
0. 71
37.5
15.4
17.2
19.0
.81
366
278
575
644
.91
1.11
.99
1.37
1.53 $0.66
$0.59
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (May):
Pipe_____________________
General cargo_____________
1,492
853
2,094
24.9
27.9
2, 657
96.0
24.7
27.7
18.0
1.37
1.53
.66
.59
Total, 61 ships________________ 110,834 124,138
6,469.0
17.1
19.2
17.9
0.96
1.07 $0.94
$0.84
$0.79
.75
.62
.83
.76
Total..................................
2,345
18.2
84.0
Total___________________
No. 6 (May):
Pipe _________________ _
General cargo_____________
1,571
1,086
2,372
Lin e N o. 17
M onth with m aximum efficiency
October, 5 ships_______________
1,595
1,437
1,747
1,816
1,946
1,786
1,609
1,957
2,039
2,179
85.0
72.5
73.5
108.0
106.5
18.7
19.8
23.7
16.8
18.3
21.0
22.2
26.6
18.8
20.5
18.5
18.4
18.4
17.5
17.2
1.02
1.07
1.29
.96
1.06
1.14 $0.88
1.20
.84
1.45
.70
.94
1.08
.85
1.19
Total_________________ _
8,541
9,570
445.5
19.2
21.5
17.9
1.07
1.20
i Short tons.
* Principal commodity: Pipe, 41,390 short or revenue tons.
.84
.75
192
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 35.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
INTERCOASTAL TRADE—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
L in e
Reve
nue
tons1
No. 17—Continued
Ganghours
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
Reve
per Long Reve
Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
nue
tons tons
tons tons
1
i ton ton i
M onth with m in im u m efficiency
February, 5 ships.....................
Total.
1,761
1,825
1,371
1,113
2,006
1,972
2,044
1,536
1,247
2,247
130.0
113.0
89.5
94.0
115.5
13.6
16.2
15.4
11.9
17.4
15.2
18.1
17.2
13.3
19.5
16.2
17.2
16.8
18.0
16.6
0.84
.94
.91
.66
1.04
8,076
9,046
542.0
14.9
16.7
16.9
.88
0.94 $1.07
1.05
.96
1.02
.99
.74 1.36
.87
1.17
.99
$0.96
.86
.88
1.27
.77
1.02
.91
1.08 $0.94
1.08
.94
.92 1.10
1.14
.88
1.21
.83
$0.83
.83
.98
.79
.74
M onth with average efficiency
May, 5 ships..
Total.
2,524
1,951
2,661
1,653
2,143
2,827
2,185
2,980
1,851
2,400
152.5
116.5
169.5
88.0
113.0
16.5
16.8
15.7
18.7
18.9
18.5
18.8
17.6
21.0
21.2
17.2
17.5
19.2
18.4
17.5
0.96
.96
.82
1.02
1.08
. 10,932
12,243
639.5
17.1
19.1
18.0
.95
.
1.06
.95
.85
Other months
8,897
10,133
8,631
9,122
8,013
8,538
7,634
11,464
10,853
January, 5 ships.............
March, 6 ships.............. .
April, 5 ships.................
June, 5 ships................ .
July, 5 ships...................
August, 5 ships............. .
September, 5 ships------November, 5 ships.........
December, 5 ships........ .
9,964
11,349
9,667
10,217
8.975
9,562
8, 551
12,840
12,154
498.0
670.5
533.0
491.0
456.0
471.0
426.5
684.5
611.5
17.9
15.1
16.2
18.6
17.6
18.1
17.9
16.7
17.7
20.0
16.9
18.1
20.8
19.7
20.3
20.0
18.8
19.9
17.2
17.2
18.0
19.3
18.6
17.8
18.1
18.1
18.1
1.04
.88
.90
.96
.95
1.02
.99
.93
.98
1.17 $0.87
.99 1.02
1.01 1.00
1.08
.94
1.06
.95
1.14
.88
1.11
.91
1.04
.97
1.10
.92
$0.77
.91
.89
.83
.85
.79
.81
.87
.82
44,881 3 50,269
3,908.6
11.5
12.9
12.0
0.96
1.07 $0.94
$0.84
L in e N o . 18
Total, 38 ships.............. .
Ships with m atim um efficiency
No. 1 (Api*il):
Iron and steel..
General cargo..
1,087
399
1,218
446
1,486
1,664
No. 2 (May):
Iron and steel..
General cargo..
1,571
323
1, 760
361
Total........... .
1,894
2,121
Total........... .
.
99.3
15.0
16.8
12.0
1.25
1.40 $0.72
$0.64
126.5
15.0
16.8
12.0
1.25
1.40
.72
.64
0.58 $1.73
$1.55
1.36
1.22
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (September):
Iron and steel.
General cargo..
377
285
420
322
Total.............
662
742
No. 4 (M ay):
Iron and steel—
General cargo..
705
432
790
484
Total.............
1,137
1,274
107.5
6.2
7.0
12.0
0.52
143.3
7.9
8.9
12.0
. 66
i Short tons.
3 Principal commodity: Iron and steel, 30,212 short or revenue tons.
.74
193
LOS ANGELES (1926)
T a b l e 2 5 .—P R O D U C T IV IT Y OF
F LABOR AND
AN D LABOR COST IN
I HAN DLIN G CARGO IN
ERCOASTAL TRADE—Continued
INTERCOASTAL
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Ganghours
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Ships with average efficiency
L in e N o. 18—Continued
No. 5 (October):
Iron and steel.
General cargo..
1,057
332
Total...................
1,184
372
120.7
11.5
12.8
12.0
0.96
119.7
11.4
12.7
12.0
.95
174,352 195,238 12,402.0
14.1
15.7
17.0
0.83
1,556
Total.
No. 6 (March):
Iron and steel.
General cargo.
Average
Output per Aver Output per
labor cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long nue
tons tons1
tons tons1 ton ton
1
873
482
978
540
1,355
1,518
1.07 $0.94
1.06
$0.84
.95
L in e N o . 19
Total, 75 ships..............
0.93 $1.08
$0.97
1.18 $0.86
.90 1.13
1.11
.91
.86 1.17
1.00 1.01
1.04
.97
.94 1.07
$0.76
1.00
.81
1.05
.90
.87
.96
M onth with m aximum efficiency
June, 7 ships.
2,426
1,805
1,739
1,729
2,173
1,910
2,083
2,717
2,022
1,948
1,936
2,434
2,139
2,333
136.5
133.0
104.0
133.0
143.4
121.6
147.5
17.9
13.6
16.8
13.1
15.1
15.8
14.3
20.1
15.3
18.9
14.6
17.0
17.7
16.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
1.05
.80
.99
.77
.89
.93
.84
Total.
13,865
15,529
919.0
15.0
16.9
17.0
.89
1.00
1.01
.90
0.76 $1.32
.72 1.41
.75 1.34
.84 1.20
1.03
.98
.86 1.17
$1.18
1.25
1.20
1.07
.87
1.05
M onth with m inim um efficiency
April, 6 ships.
Total.
2,587
1,704
1.402
2; 612
2,531
2,437
2,898
1,909
1,570
2,926
2,835
2,730
225.5
156.0
124.5
206.3
163.0
186.8
11.6
10.9
11.4
12.8
15.6
13.1
12.9
12.2
12.8
14.3
17.5
14.6
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
0.68
.64
.67
.75
.92
.77
13,273
14,868
1,062.1
12.5
14.0
17.0
.74
.83
1.22
1.08
0.84 $1.20
.77 1.30
.94 1.07
1.20
.84
.92 1.10
.97 1.03
$1.07
1.17
.96
.75
.98
.93
M onth with average efficiency
December, 6 ships..
2,121
2,885
2,434
3,083
2,131
3,398
2,376
3,231
2,726
3,453
2,387
3,806
167.3
248.3
169.8
170.7
153.6
230.7
12.8
11.7
14.3
18.2
13.9
14.8
14.3
13.1
16.0
20.4
15.6
16.5
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
0.75
.69
.84
1.07
.82
.87
Total.
16,052
17,979
1,140.4
14.1
15.8
17.0
.83
.93
1.08
.97
0.84 $1.20
.85 1.18
.96 1.05
.91 1.11
.99 1.02
.94 1.07
.92 1.10
.98 1.03
1.00 1.01
$1.07
1.06
.94
.99
.9!
.96
.88
.92
.90
Other months
January, 7 ships.—
February, 4 ships,.
March, 7 ships____
May, 7 ships..........
July, 7 ships...........
August, 6 ships----September, 6 ships.
October, 6 ships___
November, 6 ships.
1 Short tons.
13,849
8.924
16,704
16,009
11,400
14,562
16,204
18,329
15,509
9,956
18,708
17,005
17,929
12,769
16,309
18,148
20,529
1,095.6
694.6
1,147.4
1.104.7
1,074.9
801.3
1.048.7
1,097.0
1,216.3
12.6
12.8
14.6
13.7
14.9
14.2
13.9
14.8
15.1
14.2
14.3
16.3
15.4
16.7
15.9
15.5
16. 5
16.9
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
0.75
.76
.86
.81
.88
.84
.82
.87
.89
194
T a b le
GENERAL TABLES
2 5 .-P R 0 D U C T IV I T Y OF LA BO R A N D LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
INTERCOASTAL T R A D E -Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Ganghours
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue Long nue
tons tons1 gang tons tons1
ton ton 1
L ine No. 20
Total, 19 ships............................. 26,280
29,437
2,527.0
10.4
11.6
12.8
0.82
0.91 $1.10
$0.99
1.12 $0.90
1.11
.91
$0.80
.81
0.67 $1.50
.79 1.27
$1.34
1.14
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (July)....................... .........
No. 2 (July)________ ______
1,805
1,532
2,022
1,716
149.0
131.0
12.1
11.7
13.6
13.1
12.1
11.8
1.00
.99
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (October)..........................
No. 4 (M ay)................................
1,005
978
1,126
1,095
118.0
102.0
8.5
9.6
9.5
10.7
14.2
13.6
0.60
.71
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (December)_____________
No. 6 (August)________________
2,025
1,162
2,268
1,302
197.0
116.0
10.3
10.0
11.5
11.2
12.5
12.5
0.82
.80
0.92 $1.10
.90 1.12
$0.98
1.00
23.7
20.4
1.03
1.16 $0.87
$0.78
$0.64
.62
.74
.76
.66
Loading cargo
L ine No. 21
Total, 59 ships_______________ - 62,324
69,803
2,951.0
21.1
M o n th with m axim um efficiency
October, 5 ships...........................
1,057
1,431
2,021
1,009
1,052
1,184
1,603
2,263
1,130
1,178
39.0
56.0
85.0
45.0
39.0
27.1
25.5
23.7
22.4
27.0
30.4
28.6
26.9
25.1
30.2
21.7
19.6
21.8
21.2
22.3
1.25
1.30
1.09
1.06
1.21
1.40 $0.72
1.46
.69
1.22
.83
1.19
.85
1.36
.74
T ota l.................. ..............
6,570
7,358
264.0
24.9
27.9
21.3
1.17
1.31
.77
.69
0.88 $1.14
1.16
.87
1.03
.98
1.09
.93
.87
1.15
$1.02
.78
.87
.83
.78
.96
.86
$0.77
.76
.90
.73
.72
M o nth with m inim um efficiency
May, 5 ships............ ......... .........
923
1,006
1,286
984
842
1,034
1,127
1,440
1,102
943
5,646
.53.0 17.4
45.0 22.3
68.0 18.9
47.5 20.7
41.0 20.5
254. 5
19.8
19.5
25.0
21.2
23.2
23.0
22.1
21.5
20.6
21.4
20.0
0.79
1.04
.92
.97
1.03
22.2
21.1
.94
1.05
M onth with average efficiency
March, 5 ships_____ ____ ______
894
788
938
1,362
830
1,001
883
1,051
1,525
930
39.5
38.0
50.5
62.5
35.5
22.6
20.7
19.3
21.8
23.4
25.3
23.2
21.6
24.4
26.2
21.6
19.6
21.7
19.8
20.9
1.04
1.06
.89
1.10
1.12
1.17 $0.87
1.19
.85
1.00 1.01
.82
1.23
1.25
.80
Total_______________ _____
4,812
5,390
226.0
21.3
23.8
20.7
1.03
1.15
1 Short tons.
.87
.78
195
liOS ANGELES (1926)
T a b l e 25.—P R O D U C T IV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
INTERCOASTAL TRADE—Continued.
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation)
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons*
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber
of
hours
men
per Long Reve Long Reve
Long Reve
nue
nue
nue
tons tons1 gang tons tons1
ton ton
1
Other months
L in e N o . 21— Continued
January, 5 ships------------------February, 5 ships...... ........—
April, 4 ships---- -------- ---------June, 5 ships. ______ ________
July, 5 ships________ ________
August, 5 ships........................
September, 5 ships....... ...........
November, 5 ships......... ........
December, 5 ships...................
5,647
3,293
3,499
4,895
5,776
5,114
6,015
5,808
5,854
6,324
3,688
3,919
5,483
6,468
5,729
6,737
6,505
6,556
257.5
169.0
171.5
260.0
299.5
228.0
275.0
267.5
278.5
21.9
19.5
20.4
18.8
19.3
22.4
21.9
21.7
21.0
24.6
21.8
22.9
21.1
21.6
25.1
24.5
24.3
23.5
20.0
20.6
20.6
18.5
20.2
21.1
20.6
20.6
21.0
1.10
.95
.99
1.02
.96
1.06
1.06
1.05
1.00
1.23 $0.82
1.06
.95
1.11
.91
1.14
.88
.94
1.07
.85
1.19
1.19
.85
.86
1.18
1.12
.90
$0.73
.85
.81
.79
.84
.76
.76
.76
.80
42,221
47,288
2,402.9
17.6
19.7
19.0
0.92
1.03 $0.98
$0.87
$0.69
.76
.71
.68
.77
.70
L in e N o . 22
Total, 74 ships.........................
M on th with m aximum efficiency
November, 6 ships.
Total.
602
824
1,076
579
645
535
674
923
1,205
649
722
599
27.4
40.9
50.2
25.8
32.5
24.5
22.0
20.1
21.3
22.6
19.8
21.9
24.7
22.6
23.9
25.3
22.2
24.5
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
1.16
1.06
1.12
1.19
1.04
1.15
1.30 $0.78
1.19
.85
1.26
.80
1.33
.76
1.17
.87
1.29
.78
4,261
4,772
201.3
21.1
23.6
19.0
1.11
1.24
.81
.73
0.96 $1.05
.69 1.45
.95 d. 06
1.02
.99
.61 1.67
$0.94
1.30
.95
.88
1.48
M onth with m inim um efficiency
April, 5 ships.
Total-
240
181
339
305
158
269
203
380
342
177
14.7
15.4
21.1
17.6
15.2
16.3
11.8
16.2
17.3
10.3
18.2
13.1
18.1
19.4
11.6
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
0.86
.62
.85
.91
.54
1,223
1,371
84.0
14.6
16.4
19.0
.77
.86
1.17
1.05
1.17 $0.87
.96 1.05
1.12
.90
.92
1.10
.96 1.05
1.18
.86
1.00 1.01
.90 1.13
$0.77
.94
.80
.82
.94
.76
.90
1.00
M onth with average efficiency
August, 8 ships.,
621
595
484
416
639
639
722
752
27.8
32.5
22.8
19.9
35.0
28.5
38.4
44.1
19.8
16.3
19.0
18.6
16.3
20.0
16.9
15.2
22.2
18.2
21.3
20.9
18.2
22.4
19.0
17.1
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
1.04
.86
1.00
.98
.86
1.05
.89
.80
4,346
4,868
249.0
17.5
19.6
19.0
.92
1.03
So
Total.
554
531
432
371
571
571
645
671
.98
j
i
Other months
January, 7 ships___
February, 6 ships...
March, 6 ships____
May, 7 ships..........
June, 6 ships______
July, 7 ships______
September, 5 ships.
October, 5 ships___
December, 6 ships..
* Short tons.
4,186
3,939
3,202
3,255
2,066
3,026
3,863
5,496
3,358
4,688
4,412
3,588
3,644
2,314
3,389
4,327
6,155
3,760
214.2
244.3
192.0
184.6
133.8
172.2
223.6
285.7
218.2
19.6
16.2
16.7
17.7
15.4
17.7
17.3
19.2
15.4
22.0
18.1
18.7
19.8
17.2
19.8
19.4
21.5
17.2
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
19.0
1.03
.85
.88
.93
.81
.93
.91
1.01
.81
1.15 $0.87
.95 1.06
.99 1.02
1.04
.97
.91 1.11
1.04
.97
1.02
.99
1.13
.89
.91 1.11
$0.78
.95
.91
.87
.99
.87
.88
.80
.99
GENERAL TABLES
190
T a b le 2 6 —P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND
LABOR COST IN H AN DLING CARGO IN
COASTWISE TRADE
Discharging cargo
Week ending—
Out
Cargo
put Labor
per
cost
tonnage
Man- man- per
(rev
enue
hours hour rev
tons 0
(rev enue
enue t o n 1
tons1)
Week ending—
Cargo
tonnage Man(rev
hours
enue
tons i)
L in e No. 23
Total, 250 ships.. _
1.54 $0.58
249
1,856
830
692
255
1,045
394
330
0.98
1.78
2.11
2.10
0.92
.51
.43
.43
Total_____
3,627
2,024
1.79
.50
Mar. 21, 4 ships..
1,097
688
454
Total.........
2,778
1.72
259 2.66
267 1.70
442 j 1.22
1,607
1.73
.52
Weeks with m inim um efficiency
June 21, 4 ships..
Total—
July 21, 3 ships
Total—
748
568
545
1,018
426
541
665
669
2,879
2,301
1.25
852
545
356
769
339
287
1.11
1.61
1.24
.81
.56
.73
1,753
1,395
1.26
.71
1.76 $0.51
1.05
.82
1.52
.59
1.10
Weeks with average efficiency
Feb. 7, 4 ships..
Total—
Jan. 7, 3 ships.
T otal...
1 Short tons.
Labor
cost
per
rev
enue
ton 1
Other weeks
224,415 145,660
Weeks with m aximum efficiency
June 7, 4 ships..
Out
put
per
manhour
(rev
enue
tons1)
914
1,422
870
721
901
568
1.52 $0.59
1.58
.57
.59
1.53
.58
1.55
3.927
2,538
1.55
.58
1,050
517
1,259
565
342
903
1.86
1.51
1.39
.48
.60
.65
1,810
1.56
.58
L in e N o. 23—Con.
Jan. 15, 5 ships____
Jan. 21, 5 ships____
Jan. 31, 8 ships........
Feb. 14, 6 ships.......
Feb. 21, 5 ships.......
Feb. 28, 7 ships.......
Mar. 7, 5 ships____
Mar. 14, 6 ships......
Mar. 31, 7 ships.......
Apr. 7, 4 ships.........
Apr. 14, 4 ships.......
Apr. 21, 4 ships.......
Apr. 30, 4 ships.......
May 7, 5 ships.........
May 14, 5 ships.......
May 21, 4 ships.......
May 31, 6 ships.......
June 14, 8 ships.......
June 30, 6 ships.......
July 7, 5 ships.........
July 14, 4 ships.......
July 31, 8 ships.......
Aug. 7, 5 ships.........
Aug. 14, 5 ships.......
Aug. 21, 4 ships.......
Aug. 31, 7 ships.......
Sept. 7, 5 ships____
Sept. 14, 5 ships___
Sept. 21, 4 ships___
Sept. 30, 6 ships___
Oct. 7, 5 ships.........
Oct. 14, 5 ships.......
Oct. 21, 5 ships........
Oct. 31, 6 ships........
Nov. 7, 5 ships........
Nov. 14, 5 ships___
Nov. 21, 5 ships___
Nov. 30, 6 ships___
Dec. 7, 5 ships.........
Dec. 14, 6 ships.......
Dec. 21, 6 ships.......
Dec. 31, 7 ships.......
3,009
3,609
5,621
5,220
3,920
5,126
5,689
5,018
7,234
4,854
3,578
5,141
5,467
4,352
4,383
3,704
5,544
7,097
4,938
3,739
3,486
6,431
4,239
3,742
3,758
5,752
4,843
3,837
4,355
6,178
5,835
4,877
5,114
5,667
4,486
5,882
4,192
5,325
4,688
6,152
5,064
5,479
1,990
2,519
3,555
3,143
2,250
3,133
3,403
3,171
4,397
3,118
2,475
3,099
3,513
2,687
2,631
2,335
3,255
4,691
3,024
2,589
2,559
4,372
2,544
2,571
2,303
3,482
3,261
2,710
2,797
4,236
4,175
3,332
3,490
3,875
3,101
4,005
2,866
3,378
3,135
3,751
3,351
3, 713
1.51
1.43
1.58
1.66
1.74
1.64
1.67
1.58
1.65
1.56
1.45
1.66
1.56
1.62
1.67
1.59
1.70
1.51
1.63
1.44
1.36
1.47
1.67
1.46
1.63
1.65
1.49
1.42
1.56
1.46
1.40
1.46
1.47
1.46
1.45
1.47
1.46
1.58
1.50
1.64
1. 51
1.48
$0.60
.63
.57
.54
.52
.55
.54
.57
.55
.58
.62
.54
.58
.56
.54
.57
.53
.60
.55
.63
.66
.61
.54
.62
.55
.55
.60
.63
.58
.62
.64
.62
.61
.62
.62
.61
.62
.57
.60
.55
.60
.61
197
LOS ANGELES (1926)
T a b le 26.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN HAN DLIN G CARGO IN
COASTWISE TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo
Week ending—
Out
put Labor
Cargo
per
cost
tonnage
Man- man- per
(rev
enue
hours hour rev
(rev enue
tons 0
enue ton1
tons1)
Week ending—
Out
put Labor
Cargo
per cost
tonnage Man- manper
(rev
hour
rev
hours
enue
(rev
enue
tons i)
enue ton i
tons1)
Other weeks
L in e N o. 24
Total, 204 ships...
61,443
44,073
1.39
$0.65
Weeks with m aximum efficiency
Apr. 7, 4 ships..
503
242
242
732
124
182
375
1.57
1.95
1.33
1.95
;0.57
.46
Total....... .
1,719
1,001
1.72
.52
Feb. 28, 5 ships..
917
583
148
607
253
.55
.67
.56
429
127
317
1.51
2.30
1.32
1.65
1.35
2,287
1,416
1.62
210
Total-
112
.68
.46
Weeks with m inim um efficiency
Dec. 21, 3 ships.
Total___
July 21, 3 ships.
Total___
212
485
1.37
1.13
1.44
964
783
1.23
.73
545
190
478
480
1.14
1.57
1.25
.79
.57
.72
1,079
1.24
.73
290
550
124
1,334
121
.80
Weeks with average efficiency
Mar. 14, 3 ships
654
296
342
440
Total.......
1,292
928
1.3
Apr. 14, 4 ships.
341
226
234
238
195
147
153
1.43
1.16
1.59
1.38
211
Total..
1,012
1Short tons.
211
277
1.49
1.40
1.23
1.38
$0.60
.64
.73
.65
L in e N o. 24—Con.
Jan. 7, 2 ships-------Jan. 14, 4 ships........
Jan. 21, 4 ships____
Jan. 21, 7 ships____
Feb. 7, 4 ships.........
Feb. 14, 4 ships.......
Feb. 21, 3 ships.......
Mar. 7, 4 ships____
Mar. 21, 3 ships___
Mar. 31, 7 ships___
Apr. 21, 4 ships.......
Apr. 30, 5 ships.......
May 7, 4 ships.........
May 14, 5 ships.......
May 21, 4 ships____
May 31, 4 ships.......
June 7, 3 ships.........
June 14, 7 ships.......
June 21, 4 ships.......
June 30, 4 ships.......
July 7, 3 ships.........
July 15, 4 ships........
July 31, 7 ships.......
Aug. 7, 4 ships.........
Aug. 14, 4 ships____
Aug. 21, 4 ships.......
Aug. 31, 4 ships.......
Sept. 7, 4 ships____
Sept 14, 5 ships____
Sept 21, 3 ships.......
Sept 30, 5 ships.......
Oct. 7, 5 ships..........
Oct. 14, 5 ships____
Oct. 21, 4 ships____
Oct. 31, 7 ships____
Nov. 7, 4 ships____
Nov. 14, 3 ships____
Nov. 21, 4 ships____
Nov. 30, 4 ships____
Dec. 7, 4 ships.........
Dec. 14, 4 ships.......
Dec. 31, 5 ships.......
536
1,247
1,402
2,187
1,134
1,612
1,622
1,339
769
3,173
1,122
1,164
1,089
3,275
1,152
890
982
1,969
1,081
1,416
994
1,070
2,155
883
1,036
903
1,342
1,207
1,151
1,168
1,292
1,213
1,151
922
1,770
1,252
606
833
753
955
1,126
1,892
365
872
937
1,487
731
1,140
1,064
923
575
1,967
705
793
717
928
771
619
715
1,518
838
1,002
794
828
1,718
619
833
611
923
874
867
937
920
894
838
668
1,327
948
478
656
551
645
899
1,638
1.47
1.43
1.50
1.47
1.55
1.41
1.52
1.45
1.34
1.61
1.59
1.47
1.52
1.37
1.49
1.44
1.37
1.30
1.29
1.41
1.25
1.29
1,25
1.43
1.24
1.48
1.45
1.38
1.33
1.25
1.40
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.33
1.32
1.27
1.27
1.37
1.48
1.25
1.16
$0.61
.63
.60
.61
.58
.64
.59
.62
.67
.56
.57
.61
.59
.66
.60
.63
.66
.69
.70
.64
.72
.70
.72
.63
.73
.61
.62
.65
.68
.72
.64
.66
.66
.65
.68
.68
.71
.71
.66
.61
.72
.78
198
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 27.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COM M ODITIES
Discharging cargo
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve Long Reve
per
Long Reve
nue gang Long
nue ton nue
tons tons1
tons tons1
ton 1
L um ber
Line No. 25:
Total, 20 s h i p s . . . . . . . . . . .____
31,834 1,018.0
31.3
16.0
1.95
$0.46
2.35
2.23
$0.38
.40
1.45
1.77
$0.62
.51
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (October)_____________
No. 2 (September)__________
1,606
1,619
46.5
46.0
34.5
35.2
14.7
15.8
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (June)________________
No. 4 (June)________________
1,558
1,588
64.5
58.5
24.2
27.6
16.7
15.3
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (February)_______ ____
No. 6 (December)....................
Line No. 26:
Total, 20 ships______________
1,494
1,619
47.5
47.5
31.5
34.1
16.0
17.6
1.97
1.93
$0.46
.47
40,548 1,650.0
24.6
12.7
1.94
$0.46
2.21
2.10
$0.41
.43
1.71
1.74
$0.53
.52
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (December)....................
No. 2 (January)........................
2,040
1,815
82.5
75.0
24.7
24.2
11.2
11.5
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (March)..........................
No. 4 (M ay).............................
1,897
2,137
75.5
115.5
25.1
18.5
14.7
10.7
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (July)________________
No. 6 (August).........................
2,175
2,093
85.5
79.5
25.4
26.3
13.1
13.3
1.93
.1.98
$0.47
.45
Line No. 27:
Total, 19 ships..........................
28,985
914.0
31.7
16.7
1.90
$0.47
2.41
2.19
$0.37
.41
1.64
1.65
$0.55
.55
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (April).............................
No. 2 (April).............................
1,595
1,664
39.5
52.5
40.4
31.7
16.8
14.4
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (June).............................
No. 4 (M ay)................. ...........
1,577
1,650
* Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
66.0
62.0
23.9
26.6
14.6
16.1
LOS ANGELES (1926)
199
T a b l e 2 7 .— P R O D U C TIV ITY OP LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G IN D IV ID U A L
COM M O DITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
i Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
GENERAL TABLES
200
T a b le 37.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABO R COST IN HANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
N itrate of Soda—Continued
Line No. 30—Continued.
No. 3 (N ovem ber)................
No. 4 (March)........................
Reve
nue
tons1
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour age
man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Rev
enue Long
nue gang
nue
tons tons1
ton ton
tons tons1
1
1
Ships with m inim um efficiency
670
833
750
933
23.8
28.8
28.1
29.0
31.5
32.5
24.0
24.0
1.17
1.21
1.31 $0.77
1.36
.74
$0.69
.66
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (October)......................
No. 6 (October)......................
926
1,228
1,037
1,375
23.9
34.4
38.6
35.8
43.2
40.1
24.0
24.0
1.61
1.49
1.80 $0.56
1.67
.60
$0.50
.54
14,812
16,587
491.2
30.2
33.8
18.0
1.67
1.88 $0.54
$0.48
2.61 $0.39
2.62
.38
$0.34
.34
1.25 $0.80
1.48
.68
$0.72
.61
1.86 $0.54
1.87
.54
$0.48
.48
N ewsprint Paper
Line No. 31:
Total, 26 ships........................
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (December)...................
No. 2 (October)......................
606
702
567
787
12.0
16.6
41.9
42.1
46.9
47.9
18.0
18.0
2.33
2.34
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (July)............................
No. 4 (August).................. —-
615
647
689
612
30.4
23.0
20.2
23.8
22.6
26.7
18.0
18.0
1.12
1.32
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (February).................
No. 6 (N ovem ber)-...............
Pipe 2
Line No. 32:
Total, 12 ships........................
596
697
667
781
20.0
23.2
8,637 39,670
372.0
29.8
30.1
33.4
33.7
23.2 326.0
!
18.0 ! 1.66
18.0 j 1.67
12.0
1.93 32.17 $0.47 3$0.41
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (April)...........................
No. 2 (July)............................
331
556
3 371
3 623
10.0
17.0
33.1 337.1
32.7 336.6
12.0
12.0
2.76 33.09 $0.32 3$0.29
2.72 33.05
.33 3.30
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (October)......................
No. 4 (April)...........................
321 'I 3360
1,551 31,738
18.0
85.0
17.8 320.0
18.3 320.4
12.0
12.0
i
1.48 31. 67 $0.61 3$0.55
1.52 31.70
.59
3.53
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (November)..................
No. 6 (September).................
Line No. 33:
Total, 8 ships.....................
No. 1 (February). ...............
No. 2 (April)..........................
No. 3 (M ay)...........................
No. 4 (October)____________
No. 5 (October)..........._..........
No. 6 (October)................. .
No. 7 (November)...... ...........
No. 8 (November)..................
703
530
3783
3 594
33.0
25.0
6,946
7,779
356.0
. 411
532
746
369
1,357
1,670
1,568
293
460
•596
835
413
1,520
1,870
1,755
330
21.0
36.0
29.0
17.0
63.0
98.0
86.0
16.0
1Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
21.3 323.7
21.2 323.7
12.0
12.0
1.78 32.00 $0.50 3$0.45
1.77 J32.00
.50
3.45
19.5
21.9
12.0
1.63
1.83 $0. 55
$0. 49
19.3
14.9
26.2
21.2
25.7
17.2
18.2
18.6
21.6
16.7
29.3
23.7
28.8
19.3
20.4
20.8
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
1.61
1.24
2.18
1.77
2.14
1.43
1.52
1.55
1.80
1.39
2.44
1.98
2.40
1.60
1.70
1.74
. 56
.73
.41
.51
.42
.63
.59
.58
.50
. G5
.37
.45
.38
.56
.53
.52
2 Discharged to cars.
3 Short tons.
Cristobal, Canal Zone (1926)
T a b le 38.—PR ODU C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST * IN HAN DLING CARGO, BY
KIN D OF T R A D E AN D IN DIVIDU AL COM MODITIES
Car tonnage
Operation, line number, and com
modity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Output
per ganghour
Output
Average
Aver per manlabor cost
age
per—
hour
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve Long Reve
per
Long Reve
nue gang Long
nue ton nue
tons tons
tons tons
ton
Foreign trade 1
Discharging cargo:
Europe—
No. 1...... ........... ...............
No. 2____ ______________
No. 3..................................
No. 4_______ ______ _____
Latin America—
No. 5___________________
No. 6__................. .............
No. 7_______ ____ _______
United States—No. 8________
Loading cargo:
Europe—No. 9______________
Latin America—
No. 10_................... ..........
No. 11............................—
United States—No. 12.............
356.5
858.5
688.0
539.5
19.9
17.7
14.8
11.9
37.0
38.2
35.4
39.6
0.54
.46
.42
.30
$0.48
.57
.62
.87
32,405 1,177.5
303.5
5,390
446.5
7,340
84,907 4,531.5
27.5
17.8
16.4
18.7
40.4
39.0
49.0
44.1
.68
.46
.34
.42
.38
.57
.76
.62
7,088
15,200
10,203
6,414
981.0
11.5
29.3
.39
.67
13,987 1,081.0
29,030 2,389.0
44,945 2,262.5
12.9
12.2
19.9
27.6
29.4
34.6
.47
.41
.57
.55
.63
.46
11,259
Individual commodities1
Discharging cargo:
Coffee—
No. 13 .............................
No. 14_ ...............................
Loading cargo:
Bananas—
No. 15. ...............................
No. 16__............................
No. 17-...................... ........
1
7,890
8,788
372.5
395.0
2263,614
22,675 8930,911
2,584 3119,659
289.5
7,890
8,788
Wage rate: 26 cents per hour.
66490°—32------ 14
21.2
22.2
21.2
22.2
45.2
49.4
8.9 2413.3 47.3
2 Stems.
0.47
.45
0.47 $0.55
.45
.58
$0.55
.58
210.26
3 2.63
.21 28.79 1.57 3 3.07
.19 28.80 1.37 32.95
3 Per 100 stems.
201
GENERAL TABLES
202
T a b le 29.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE
Discharging cargo: Europe
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev
Long Rev per Long Rev
enue Long
tons enue
tons tons ton enue
gang
ton i
tons
Line N o. 1
Total, 11 ships...............................
7,088
356.5
19.9
37.0
___
0.54
___
$0.48
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (November)_____________
695
_________________ No. 2 (March)
603
25.0
28.0
27.8
21.5
38.0.
33.0
0.73
.65
$0.36
.40
0.44
.44
$0.59
.59
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
394
No. 3 (January)__________ ____ _
................................. No. 4 (April)698
24.0
43.0
16.4
16.2
37.0
36.6
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (September)........................
No. 6 (Novem ber)--.....................
623
467
32.0
24.0
19.5
19.5
36.0
36.0
0.54
.54
$0.48
.48
15,200
858.5
17.7
38.2
0.46
$0.57
0.80
.59
$0.33
.44
0.29
.37
$0.90
.70
L ine N o . 2
Total, 17 ships_________________
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (February)______________
No. 2 (March)____________ ____
654
549
21.0
24.5
31.1
22.4
39.0
38.0
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (July)..................................
No. 4 (September)........................
1,133
858
98.5
61.5
11.5
14.0
40.0
38.0
Ships with average efficiency
No 5 (October).............................
No. 6 (December)........................
1.128
928
62.5
52.5
18.0
17.7
38.0
37.4
0.47
.47
$0.55
.55
10,203
688.0
14.8
35.4
0.42
$0.62
0.64
.59
$0.41
.44
0.22
.31
$1.18
.64
L ine No. 3
Total, 17 ships...............................
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (February)— ,...................
No. 2 (August)..............................
718
330
33.5
14.0
21.4
23.6
33.6
39.7
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (December).........................
No. 4 (December).........................
280
297
32.0
21.0
8.8
14.1
39.0
45.0
203
CRISTOBAL, CANAL ZONE (1926)
T a b l e 3 9 . — PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E—Continued
Discharging cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Rev per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
gang
tons enue
tons enue
tons
tons ton ton
Ships with average efficiency
L in e N o. 3—Continued
No. 5 (January).............................
No. 6 (July)............................... .
405
560
31.5
40.0
12.9
14.0
29.2
37.2
0.44
.38
$0.59
.68
6,414
539.5
11.9
39.6
0.30
$0.87
0.44
.40
$0.59
.65
0.20
.23
$1.30
1.13
0.30
.31
$0.87
.84
0.68
$0.38
L in e N o . 4
Total, 17 ships.................... .........
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (March)...............................
No. 2 (January)___ - ___________
310
320
17.0
21.0
18.2
15.2
41.6
38.0
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (July)...................................
No. 4 (M ay)..................................
326
337
38.0
44.0
8.6
7.7
42.0
33.5
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March)...............................
No. 6 (August)________ ________
351
340
32.0
25.5
11.0
13.3
37.0
43.1
Discharging cargo: Latin America
L in e N o . 5
Total, 15 ships------------Copper---------General cargo..
32,405 1,177.5
12, 341
12,341
20,064
433.0
744.5
58.5
27.5
40.4
28.5
26.9
38.1
42.0
0.75
.75 $0.35
.64
.35
.41
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (April):
Copper______
Cotton............
General cargo.
1,963
Total .
iSl'o. 2 (February):
Copper_______
Cotton.............
General cargo..
Total-
1,963
109
2,152
2,036
50.0
43.0
37.1
1.16
*0.22
73.0
29.8
38.7
.77
.34
2,035
107
31
2,173
204
GENERAL TABLES
T able 3 9 —P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN HANDLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E-C ontinued
Discharging cargo: Latin America— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
per Long Rev
Long Rev
Long enue
gang
tons enue
tons enue
tons
tons ton Ton
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
L ine N o. 5—Continued
No. 3 (June):
Copper________ ____ _______
Cocoa_____________________
Cotton _
General cargo.........................
Total____________ _____
No. 4 (June):
C o p p e r__
Cotton .
General cargo...................... .
Total___________
2,258
1,402
118.0
2,258
200
160 | 18.0
82
2,700
136.0
1,402
216
70
1,688
65.5
19.1
19.1
33.0
24.9
38.8
.64
.41
19.9
33.8
.59
.44
25.8
41.7
.62
.42
0.58
0.58 $0.45
$0.45
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (July):
CopperGeneral cargo........................
Total___________ __
No. 6 (November):
Oopper _
Ivory nuts__
Cotton
General cargo______________
Total..................................
3,197
1,628
1,197
367
1,564
30.0
24.0
54.0
29.0
40.1
46.0
42.7
0.68
$0.38
1,628
266
133
147
2,174
80.5
27.0
41.0
.66
.39
L ine N o. 6
* 5,390
303.5
17.8
39.0
0.46
$0.57
No. 1 (January):
Cocoa_______________
General c a r g o --............. ......
Total____________ _____
360
120
480
17.0
28.2
34.5
.82
.32
No. 2 (February):
Coffee________ ________
General cargo......... ............ .
T otal-................................
740
75
815
40.0
20.4
36.8
.55
.47
No. 3 (March):
Coffee.—..........................
Cedar logs........................ ......
T otal-..................................
626
248
874
48.0
18.2
36.2 -------
.50
No. 4 (April):
Coffee.....................................
Cedar logs. .........................
Cocobolo.......... ...................—
T o ta l--............ ................
515
501
125
1,141
72.0
15.8
35.7
.44
.59
No. 5 (May):
Coffee__________ _______
Ivory nuts.............................
General cargo..........................
T o ta l--................. .............
851
125
54
1,030
67.5
15.3
41.7
.37
.70
No. 6 (June):
Coffee_________ ________
Ivory nuts...............................
Total....................................
800
250
1,050
59.0
17.8
45.0
.40
.65
Total, 6 ships__________
1 Principal commodity: Coffee, 3,532 revenue tons.
----
.52
205
CRISTOBAL, CANAL ZONE (1920)
T a b le 29.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN T R A D E —Continued
Discharging cargo: Latin America-^Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev
Long Rev
per Long Rev
enue Long
gang
tons enue
tons tons ton enue
tons
ton
Line N o. 7
Total, 13 ships__
__ _
2 7,340
446.5
16.4
49.0
0.34
$0.76
0.47
.44
$0.55
.59
0.18
.22
$1.44
1.18
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (January)________ ____ _
No. 2 (January)......................... .
567
411
33.0
21.0
17.2
19.6
36.2
44.0
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (November)______ _____
No. 4 (December)_______ _____
250
524
27.0
39.0
9.3
13.4
51.1
62.3
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (July)............................. .
625
293
________________ No. 6 (August):
36.0
15.0
17.4
19.5
52.0
58.0
----
0.33
.34
----
$0.79
.76
Discharging cargo: United States
L in e N o. 8
Total, 27 ships________________
84,907 4,531.5
18.7
44.1
0.42
$0.62
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (November) ____________
No. 2 (February)........................
5,886
5,321
164.5
272.0
35.8
19.6
49.3
37.0
0.73
.53
----
$0.36
.49
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (August)__________ ______
3,464
233.5
14.8
1,475
95.0
15.5
No. 4 (June)___________________
45.8
45.4
0.32
.34
$0.81
.76
0.42
.41
$0.62
.63
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March)_________________
2,865
164.0
2,274
........................ No. 6 (February)
148.0
2 Principal commodity: Coffee, 5,010 revenue tons.
17.5
15.4
41.2
37.2
206
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 29.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo: Europe
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev Long Rev
Long Rev
per Long enue
enue
enue
tons
gang
tons tons ton ton
tons
Line N o. 9
Total, 15 ships...............................
311,259
981.0
11.5
29.3
0.39
$0.67
27.3
0.60
$0.43
29.8
.50
.52
0.24
.25
$1.08
1.04
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (February): General cargo.
459
No. 2 (April):
Coffee................................Lentils.................... ...........
General cargo.....................
145
300
Total...............................
645
28.0
16.4
200
43.5
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (June): General cargo------No. 4 (November): General cargo.
424
750
61.5
100.0
6.9
7.5
28.7
30.5
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (September):
Copper
____ _
Coffee_______________ ____
General cargo.-____________
300
200
175
Total.................................-
675
55.0
12.3
31.5
0.39
$0.67
No. 6 (August): General cargo.. .
375
32.5
11.5
28.9
.40
.65
Loading cargo: Latin America
207
CRISTOBAL, CANAL ZONE (1926)
T a b l e 29.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Latin America— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
Rev
Rev
Rev men
Long enue
per Long
Long enue
tons tons gang tons enue
tons ton ton
Lin e N o. 11
Total, 27 ships___ - ___________
12.2
29,030 2,389.0
0.41
$0.63
0.51
.50
$0.51
.52
0.34
.36
$0.76
.72
31.4
28.4
0.41
.41
$0.63
.63
34.6
0.57
$0.46
29.4
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (March)_________________
No. 2 (March) __________________
952
897
65.0
57.0
14.6
15.7
28.9 ------31.6
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (September)........................
No. 4 (January)________________
1,194
1,118
11.7
12.2
102.0
92.0
34.8
33.6
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (February)______________
No. 6 (October)________________
1,110
1,224
12.8
11.8
87.0
104.0
Loading cargo: United States
Line N o. 12
Total, 26 ships_______ __________
44,945 2,262.5
19.9
Copper........................................... 13,978 13,978
612.5 22,8 22.8
Bananas_____________________•_ <52,000
1,270
120.5 4432.0 10.5
__________________ General cargo
« 29,697 1,529.5
19.4
34.6 0.66
54.7 <7.90
33.0
.66 $0.39
.19 «3.29
.59
.39
1.37
.44
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (February):
Coffee_____________________
Coconuts________________ _
General cargo____ __________
429
Total................................. .
928
No. 2 (April):
Copper................................ .
Coconuts________________ _
Coffee and cocoa............... .
General cargo.... ................ .
389
no
1,963
Total.............................
16.0 ------- 58.0
1,963
51.5
176
174 | 40.0
214
2,527
91.5
38.1
30.0
38.1
35.0
14.1
32.8
27.6
34.0
$1.35
1.93
1.09
1.09 $0.24
----
.81
.24
.60
.43
----
.32
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (December):
Bananas_____ _
49,000
Coconuts________________
Coffee_____________________
General cargo______________
Total__ *________________
225
21.0 <429.0 10.7
160
130 | 32.0
14.5
175
690
53.0
13.0
49.3 <8.70
36.0
.40
.65
41.3
.32
.81
4 Stems.
• Per 100 stems.
6 Principal commodities: Copper, 5,916 revenue tons; coconuts, 5,576 revenue tons.
0.22 5$2.99 $1.18
208
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 39.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G CARGO IN
FO REIGN TR AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: United States— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Output per Aver Output per Average
age
gang-hour
man-hour labor cost
per—
num
Gangber
of
hours
men Long Reve Long Reve
Long Reve
per
nue
nue
nue
tons tons
gang tons tons ton
ton
Ships with m in im u m efficiency— C o n tin u ed
L in e N o. 12—Continued
No. 4 (October):
Bananas............ ........... ...
48,000
Coffee........ .........................
Coconuts__________________
Ivory nuts_____ ____ _______
General cargo__________
Total____________
180
22.0 4364.0 8.2
316
160 • 58.0
14.2
110
236
1,002
80.0
12.5
43.7 48.30
0.19 «$3.13 $1.37
32.0
.44
35.2
.36
.72
0.57
$0.46
.64
.44
.41
.59
.58
.45
.
.59
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (May):
Copper...... .................. _
Coffee...................................
Coconuts...... .......................
Ivory nuts.............. ............
General cargo......................
871
Total......... ............
No. 6 (May):
Copper........ ...............
Ivory nuts................... ........
General cargo— ...................
871
777
210
154
99
2,111
1,363
Total___________
114.0
55.5
1,363
220 } 34.5
206
1,789
24.6
90.0
18.5
32.7
24.6
12.3
38.1
28.1
19.9
34.3
0.64
4 Stems.
5 Per 100 stems.
T a b l e 3 0 .—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COM M O DITIES
Discharging cargo
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
age
gang-hour
man-hour
per—
num
Gangber
of
hours
men Long Reve Long Reve
Long Reve
Long Reve
per
nue
nue
nue
tons tons
tons nue tons
gang tons tons ton ton
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
C offee
Line No. 13:
Total, 9 ships.......................... 7,890
7,890
372.5
21.2
21.2
45.2
0.47
0.47 $0.55
$0.55
0.61 $0.43
.56
.46
$0.43
.46
0,35 $0, 74
.67
$0. 74
.(>V
0,49 $0. 53
.44
.61
$0, 53
.61
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (November)_________
No. 2 (March).......................
810
700
810
700
28.0
32.5
28.9
21.5
28.9
21.5
47.3
38.4
0.61
.56
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. .'i (September),.
No. 4 (July). , .
750
POO
750
900
50,0
53.0
15.0
17.0
15.0
J7.0
42,4
43.3
0,35
.39
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (December).............. .
No. 6 (August).......................
835
930
835
930
37.5
41.5
22.3
22.4
22.3
22.4
45.4
50.6
0.49
.44
209
CRISTOBAL, CANAL ZONE (1926)
Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLING INDIVIDUAL
T a b le 3 0 —PR O D U C TIV IT Y
C OM M ODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue Long
tons nue tons
tons tons gang tons tons
ton nue
ton
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
C o f f e e — Continued
Line No. 14:
Total, 10 ships....................... 8,788
8,788
395.0
22.2
22.2
49.4
a 45
0.45 $0.58
$0.58
0.56 $0.46
.55
.47
$0.46
.47
0.36 $0.72
.36
.72
$0.72
.72
0.44 $0.59
.46
.57
$0.59
.57
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (February)..................- 1,062
745
No. 2 (June)...........................
1,062
745
39.0
25.5
27.2
29.2
27.2
29.2
48.4
53.5
0.56
.55
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (October)......................
No. 4 (December)............—
720
270
720
270
34.5
15.0
20.9
18.0
20.9
18.0
58.0
50.0
0.36
.36
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March).......... ............ 1,050
No. 6 (M a r c h )..................... 1,077
1,050
1,077
52.5
48.0
20.0
22.4
20.0
22.4
45.1
48.0
0.44
.46
Loading cargo
Bananas
Line No. 15: i
Total, 19 ships
___________
2263,614
210.26
3$2.63
213.47
213.71
>$2.00
7.69
8.42
3$3.51
3 3.21
210.29
210.24
3$2.62
32.64
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (March)........
No. 2 (September).
2 15,763
2
9,914
31.97
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (M ay)..........
No. 4 (September)..
2 9,204
2
2
2
13,672
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (November).
No. 6 (November).
Line No. 16:1
Total, 56 ships.
2 16,419
2 15,243
22,675 2930,911
0.21 28.79 $1.57 3$3.07
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June).
i..........
No. 2 (September).
281 2 11,736
422 218,455
* Loaded with conveyor and by hand.
0.33 213.61 $0.82 3 $1.98
.30 213.28 .90 32.03
2 Stems.
3 Per 100 stems.
GENERAL TABLES
210
T a b l e 3 0 .—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Reve
nue
tons
Long
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve per Long Reve Long Reve
nue gang tons nue ton nue
tons tons
tons
ton
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
B an an as— Continued
Line No. 16i—Continued.
No. 3 (July)____________
No. 4 (July)____________
0.15 2 6.19 $1.80 3 $4.36
If) 26.13 1.80 34.40
424 2 17,327 1______ |_____
382 215 138 j
j
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April)-.
No. 6 (M ay)..
402 2 16,937
425 217,310
0.21 2 8.82 $1.29 3$3.06
.22 28.85 1.23 3 3. 05
Labor productivity and cost, by months
264,073
January, 4 ships.—
February, 4 ships..
March, 5 ships___
April, 4 ships____
May, 4 ships........
June, 8 ships_____
July, 4 ships_____
August, 4 ships___
September, 5 ships
October, 5 ships...
November, 4 ships
December, 5 ships.
1,499
1,688
2,397
1,749
1,866
2,756
1,440
1,257
1,888
2,226
1,829
2,080
Line No. 17:4
Total, 11 ships
2,584 2 119,659
0.24
.22
.20
.21
.23
.22
.17
.19
.24
.25
.22
.20
270,393
298,783
2 72,160
2 75,793
2 112,708
257,939
2 52, 883
278, 768
289,629
275, 026
282, 756
289. 5
8.9 2413.3
47.3
210.08
29.18
28.40
28.70
29.19
28.86
2 6.80
2 7.99
29.85
29.92
29.16
2 7.85
$1.13
1.23
1.35
1.29
1.17
1.23
1.59
1.42
1.13
1.08
1.23
1.35
3$2.68
3 2.94
3 3.21
3 3.10
3 2.94
3 3.05
33.97
3 3.38
32.74
3 2.72
3 2.95
3 3.44
0.19 2 8.80 $1.37 3$2.95
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (M ay).
No. 2 (June).
235 2 10,763
8,901
187
24.0
18.0
9.8 2448.5
10.4 2495.0
37.0
40.0
0.26 212.10 $1.00 3 $2.15
.26 212.40 1.00 3 2. 10
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (October) _
No. 4 (March)_.
240 2 10,960
337 2 15,312
36.0
46. 5
6.7 2304.4
7.2 2329.3
46.0
49.0
0. 14 2 6.60 $1.86 3 $3.94
. 15 2 6.70 1.73 3 3.88
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April)....................... .
No. 6 (June)_________ _____
368 2 16,733
176 28,090
i Loaded with conveyor and b y hand.
a Stems.
36.0
22.5
10.2 2464.8
7.8 2359.6
3 Per 100 stems.
50.0
44.0
0.20 29.30 $1.30 3$2.80
. 18 28.20 1.44 3 3.17
4 Loaded with ship’s gear.
Galveston (1927)
T a b le 31.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLING CARGO, B Y
KIN D OF T R A D E AN D IN DIVIDU AL COM MODITIES
Cargo tonnage
Operation, line number,
and commodity
Ganghours
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per
labor cost
gang-hour age
man-hour
per—
num
ber
of
men
Reve Long Reve
Long Reve
nue per Long
nue
nue
tons tons
gang tons tons tons tons
Foreign trade i
Discharging cargo, Europe:
No. 1.................................
Loading cargo, Europe:
No. 2— ...................... .
No. 3.............................
No. 4............. ...............
No. 5-------------------------
8,755
8,755
423.6
20.7
20.7
16.0
1.29
1.29 $0.62
11,353
21,206
5,841
11,076
11,353
21,206
5,841
11,076
466.3
1,058.6
294.2
456.3
24.3
20.0
19.9
24.3
24.3
20.0
19.9
24.3
19.0
16.0
16.0
19.7
1.28
1.25
1.24
1.23
1.28
1.25
1.24
1.23
.63
.64
.65
.65
$0.62
.63
.64
.65
.65
Coastwise trade 2
Discharging cargo: No. 6
Loading cargo: No. 7_____
3 301,577 <586,837.0
3 507,868 <336,175.0
30.51
3 1.51
3$1.18
3.40
Individual commodities 5
Discharging cargo:
Burlap—
No. 8....................... 24,574
No. 9_____________ 20,472
Coffee—No. 10. - ......... . 3,536
24,574
20,472
«59,579
905.2
866.0
190.1
11______ ___________ 5,411
6,061
Sugar—No. 12............... 96,375
*662,798
Loading cargo:
Cotton—
No. 13____ _______ 5,017
822,576
No. 14____________ 9,797
8 44,086
No. 15____________ 69,627
8 311,532
No. 16____________ 55,383
s 249,223
32,641
Flour—No. 17................ 32,641
Spelter—No. 18_______ 5,834
5,834
Wheat (trimming)—
No. 19____________ 97,566 io 3,896,128
No. 2 0 -.......... ........ 16,550
io 618,000
267.1
1,957.5
Newsprint paper— N o.
27.1 27.1 20.0 /l. 36
1.36 $0.59
1.24
.65
23.6 23.6 19.0 1.24
18.6 6313.4 18.5 1.01 6 17.0
.79
20.3 22.7
49.2 6338.6
213.0 23.6
448.1 21.9
3,153.5 22.1
2,605.0 21.3
1,602.6 20.4
264.7 22.0
8106.0
598.4
898.8
9 95.7
20.4
22.0
17.8
36.4
1.27
1.14
1.35 6 9.30
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.9
16.0
1.57
1.47
1.47
1.42
1.28
1.38
<7,364.5
<1,180.5
.63
.70
.59 78.60
8 7.07
8 6.61
8 6.59
8 6.38
1.28
1.38
.90
.90
.90
.90
.63
.58
13.25 10529.00
14.02 10523.50
9.20
9.20
9.20
9.20
.63
.58
.06 ii 1.51
.06 ii 1.53
1 Wage rate: 80 cents per hour.
2 Wage rate: 60 cents per hour.
3 Short tons.
< Man-hours.
* Wage rate: 80 cents per hour except for cotton which is paid on piece basis.
6 Bags.
7 Per 100 bags.
8 Bales.
• Piece rate per bale.
10 Bushels.
11 Per 1,000 bushels.
$0.59
.65
74.71
211
212
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 33.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E
Discharging cargo
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
tons tons
tons tons
ton nue
ton
L ine No. 1
8,755
8,755
423.6
20.7
20.7
16.0
1.29
1.29 $0.62
Steel products............. ............. 4,914
General cargo_______________ 3,841
4,914
3,841
224.8
198.8
21.9
19.3
21.9
19.3
16.0
16.0
1.37
1.21
1.37
1.21
Total, 15 ships______ ________ _
$0.62
.58
.66
.58
.66
$0.43
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (July): Steel cotton bands..
503
503
No. 2 (September):
Steel............................. ............
General cargo_______________
788
166
788
166
Total......................................
954
954
16.8
29.9
29.9
16.0
1.87
1.87 $0.43
31.9
29.9
29.9
16.0
18.7
1.87
.43
.43
$1.00
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (May):
Steel_______________________
General cargo_____ __________
138
189
138
189
Total_____________________
327
327
25.4
12.8
12.8
16.0
0.80
0.80 $1.00
No. 4 (September):
Steel cotton bands________ ..
Paper______________________
General cargo_______________
120
56
72
120
56
72
7.5
2.1
5.9
16.0
26.6
12.3
16.0
26.6
12.3
16.0
16.0
16.0
1.00
1.66
.77
1.00
1.66
.77
.80
.48
1.04
.80
.48
1.04
Total......................................
248
248
15.5
16.0
16.0
16.0
1.00
1.00
.80
.80
1.21 $0.66
.89
.90
$0.66
.90
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March):
Steel bars___________________
General cargo_______________
278
20
278
20
14.3
1.4
19.4
14.2
19.4
14.2
13.0
16.0
1.21
.89
Total.....................................
298
298
15.7
18.9
18.9
16.0
1.18
1.18
.68
.68
No. 6 (June): Steel______________
502
502
22.3
22.4
22.4
16.0
1.40
1.40
.57
.57
$0.63
Loading cargo: Europe
Lin e N o. 2
Total, 12 ships____ _____________ 11,353
11,353
466.3
24.3
24.3
19.0
1.28
1.28 $0.63
Cottonseed meal - ............
9,150
General cargo_______________ 2,203
9,150
2,203
372.7
93.6
24.6
23.5
24.6
23.5
19.0
19.0
1.29
1.24
1.29
1.24
.62
.65
.62
.65
$0.42
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (December): Cottonseed
meal....... .............. ......................
No. 2 (November): Cottonseed
meal____ _____________ _______
200
200
5.5
36.5
36.5
19.0
1.92
1.92 $0.42
200
200
6.8
29.5
29.5
19.0
1.55
1.55
.52
.52
fig u r e
4 4.— E n
d less
b elt
Co
n veyors
C
o n n e c t in g
sid e
p o r t s
w it h
A
pr o n
o f
p ie r
.
G
alveston
213
GALVESTON (1927)
T a ble 33.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN T R AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Ships with m inim um efficiency
L ine N o. 2—Continued
No. 3 (January):
Cottonftofld man.!
General cargo___ ___________
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
per Long Reve
Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
tons tons
ton nue
tons tons
ton
200
116
200
116
11.6
7.9
19.5
17.3
14.6
17.3
14.6
19.0
19.0
0.91
.77
0.91 $0.88
.77 1.04
16.2
16.2
19.0
.85
.85
.94
.94
$0.88
1.04
Total......................................
316
316
No. 4 (November):
Cottonseed meal
Flour........................................
400
60
400
60
18.9
3.9
21.1 >21.1
15.4 15.4
19.0
19.0
1.11
.81
1.11
.81
.72
.99
.72
.99
Total.....................................
460
460
22.8
20.1
19.0
1.06
1.06
.75
.75
20.1
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (October): Cottonseed meal.
No. 6 (August): Cottonseed meal.
700
400
28.6
16.6
24.5
24.1
24.5
24.1
19.0
19.0
1.29
1.27
1.29 $0.62
1.27
.63
$0.62
.63
21,206 1,058.6
20.0
20.0
16.0
1.25
1.25 $0.64
$0.64
422.3
186.3
450.0
21.5
19.9
18.7
21.5
19.9
18.7
16.0
16.0
16.0
1.34
1.24
1.17
1.34
1.24
1.17
700
400
L ine N o. 3
Total, 20 ships__________________ 21,206
Flour and rice_______________ 9,081
Cottonseed meal____________ 3,700
General cargo_______________ 8,425
9,081
3,700
8,425
.60
.65
.68
.60
.65
.68
$0.53
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (March):
Cottonseed meal ___________ 1,100
Flour and rice.___ __________
296
1,100
296
Total.....................................
1,396
1,396
57.7
24.2
24.2
16.0
1.51
1.51 $0.53
No. 2 (March):
Flour _ _____ ________________
General cargo_______________
995
91
995
91
44.4
4.7
22.4
19.4
22.4
19.4
16.0
15.0
1.40
1.28
1.40
1.28
.57
.63
Total_____________________ 1,086
1,086
49.1
22.2
22.2
15.9
1.39
1.39
.58
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (July):
Flour.........................................
Asphalt____________________
General cargo_______________
298
107
20
298
107
20
Total......................................
425
425
26.8
15.8
15.8
16.0
0.99
0.99 $0.81
No. 4 (September):
Flour........................................
Spelter.......... ........... ........... ....
General cargo_______________
765
150
122
765
150
122
43.8
8.8
11.4
17.5
17.0
10.7
17.5
17.0
10.7
16.0
16.0
16.0
1.09
1.07
.67
1.09
1.07
.67
.73
.75
1.19
.73
.75
1.19
Total___________ _________ 1,037
1,037
64.0
16.2
16.2
16.0
1.01
1.01
.79
.79
$0.81
214
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 33.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABO R COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo: Europe—Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Reve
per Long Reve
Long nue
nue Long
ton nue
tons tons gang tons tons
ton
Ships with average efficiency
L in e N o . 3— Continued
No. 5 (March):
Cottonseed meal.
Asphalt..............
Flour...................
1,300
108
81
1,300
108
81
64.9
4.9
3.9
20.0
22.0
20.8
20.0
22.0
20.8
16.0
16.0
16.0
1.25
1.38
1.31
1.25 $0.64
1.38
.58
1.31
.61
Total.
1,489
1,489
73.7
20.2
20.2
16.0
1.26
1.26
.63
.63
No. 6 (July):
Flour..............
Asphalt______
General cargo.
1,077
125
33
1,077
125
33
51.7
8.0
1.8
20.8
15.6
18.3
20.8
15.6
18.3
16.0
16.0
16.0
1.30
.98
1.18
1.30
.98
1.18
.62
.82
.68
.62
.82
.68
1,235
1,235
61.5
20.2
20.2
16.0
1.26
1.26
.63
.63
. 5,841
5,841
294.2
19.9
19.9
16.0
1,24
1.24 $0.65
$0.65
. 2,157
3,684
2,157
3,684
93.3
200.9
23.1
18.3
23.1
18.3
16.0
16.0
1.45
1.15
1.45
1.15
T otal.—...............
$0.64
.58
.61
L in e N o . 4
Total, 10 ships................
Flour. ............
General cargo.
.55
.70
.55
.70
$0.49
.62
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (June):
F lo u r.............
General cargo.
125
109
125
109
4.8
5.3
25.9
20.8
25.9
20.8
16.0
16.0
1.62
1.30
1.62 $0.49
1.30
.62
Total _
234
234
10.1
23.2
23.2
16.0
1.45
1.45
.55
.55
No. 2 (August):
Flour......... .
Genaral cargo-
719
54
719
54
28.2
3.0
25.4
18.4
25.4
18.4
16.0
16.0
1.59
1.15
1.59
1.15
.50
.70
.50
.70
T o ta l.........
773
773
31.2
24.8
24.8
16.0
1.55
1.55
.52
.52
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (May):
Flour________
General cargo
.
94
150
94
150
4.4
9.7
21.4
15.5
21.4
15.5
16.0
16.0
1.34
.97
1.34 $0.60
.97
.82
$0.60
.82
Total______
244
244
14.1
17.3
17.3
16.0
1.08
1.08
.74
.74
No. 4 (January):
Flour..............
General cargo.
375
36
375
36
18.8
4.5
20.0
8.0
20.0
8.0
16.0
16.0
1.25
.50
1.25
.50
.64
1.60
.64
1.60
Total...........
411
411
23.3
17.6
17.6
16.0
1.10
1.10
.73
.73
215
GALVESTON (1927)
T a bl e 32.—P R O D U C T IV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABO R COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
FO REIGN TR AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
per Long Reve Long Reve
Long Reve
nue
nue
gang
tons tons
tons tons
ton nue
ton
Ships with average efficiency
L ine N o. 4—Continued
No. 5 (August):
•A sphalt___________________
General cargo_______________
134
228
134
228
Total__ ______ ___________
362
362
18.4
19.7
19.7
16.0
1.23
1*23 $0.65
$0.65
No. 6 (January):
fJottonsaftd Tnfi»l _
General cargo_________- _____
203
35
203
35
10.2
1.7
20.0
20.8
20.0
20.8
16.0
16.0
1.25
1.30
1.25
1.30
.64
.62
.64
.62
238
238
11.9
20.0
20.0
16.0
1.25
1.25
.64
.64
Total, 8 ships. _________________ 11,076
11,076
456.3
24.3
24.3
19.7
1.23
1.23 $0.65
$0.65
Flour . _ _________________ 6,620
Cottonseed meal-______ _____ 2,400
General cargo ______________ 2,056
6,620
2,400
2,056
281.0
92.0
83.3
23.6
26.1
24.7
23.6
26.1
24.7
19.8
20.3
19.0
1.19
1.29
1.31
1.19
1.29
1.31
.67
.62
.61
.67
.62
.61
850
503
255
22
850
503
255
22
28.6
20.0
16.6
2.5
29.7
25.2
15.5
8.9
29.7
25.2
15.5
8.9
18.0
15.0
18.0
15.0
1.65
1.68
.86
.59
1.65
1.68
.86
.59
.48
.48
.93
1.36
.48
.48
.93
1.36
1,630
1,630
67.7
24.1
24.1
17.0
1.42
1.42
.56
.56
750
456
33.3
15.0
22.5
30.4
22.5
30.4
23.0
20.0
.98
1.52
.98
1.52
.82
.53
.82
.53
Total
^ ^ _______ -__ *
L ine N o. 5
No. 1 (January):
Cottonseed meal____________
Oil cake__ _________________
Flour
___________________
General cargo_______________
Total _ _________________
No. 2 (March):
Cottonseed meal____________
Flour. .....................................-
750 ‘
456
_________________
1,206
1,206
48.3
25.0
25.0
22.1
1.13
1.13
.71
.71
No. 3 (March) :
Flour _____________________
Cottonseed meal____________
1,657
50
1,657
50
72.9
4.0
22.7
12.4
22.7
12.4
18.0
18.0
1.26
.69
1.26
.69
*.63
1.16
.63
1.16
Total
Total_____________________ 1,707
1,707
76.9
22.2
22.2
18.0
1.23
1.23
.65
.65
No. 4 (May): Flour_____________ 1,407
No. 5 (July): Flour_____________ 1,613
329
No. 6 (August): Flour___________
1,407
1,613
329
55.6
66.6
14.2
25.3
24.2
23.2
25.3
24.2
23.2
22.0
20.0
20.0
1.15
1.21
1.16
1.15
1.21
1.16
.70
.66
.69
.70
.66
.69
No. 7 (September):
Flour_____ _______ __________ 1,029
400
Cottonseed meal____________
1,029
400
Total_____________________ 1,429
1,429
58.0
24.6
24.6
20.0
1.23
1.23
.65
.65
No. 8 (October):
Flour______________________
Cottonseed meal____________
Oil cake_______ ____________
903
750
102
903
750
102
40.3
25.7
3.0
22.4
29.2
34.3
22.4
29.2
34.3
20.0
20.0
26.0
1.12
1.46
1.32
1.12
1.46
1.32
.71
.55
.61
.71
.55
.61
Total-......... ......... ...... .........
1,755
1,755
69.0
25.4
25.4
20.3
1.26
1.26
.63
.63
216
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 33.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G CARGO IN
COASTWISE TRADE
Discharging cargo
Week ending—
Cargo
tonnage Man(reve hours
nue
tons)1
Out
put
per
manhour
(reve
nue
tons) i
Labor
cost
per
reve
nue
ton i
301,577 586,837
0.51
$1.18
Week ending-
Out
put Labor
Cargo
per cost
tonnage Man- manper
(reve hours
hour reve
nue
(reve
nue
tons) i
nue ton i
tons) i
Other weeks
Line N o . 6
Total, 122 ships—
Weeks
Jan. 7,4 ships.
with m aximum
efficiency
4,592
1,973
2,348
2,344
4,738
3,750
4,465
4,669
0.99
.53
.53
.50
$0.61
1.13
1.13
1.20
11,257
17,622
.64
.94
M ay 7, 3 ships.
1,873
2,998
2,278
4,062
2,598
4,573
.46
1.15
.50
1.30
.52
1.20
Total___
7,149
11,233
.64
.94
Total—
Weeks with m inim um effici
ency
Apr. 4, 2 ships.
2,671
1,950
6,412
5,655
0.42
.34
$1.43
1.76
Total___
4,621
12,067
.38
1.58
Oct. 31, 2 ships.
1,569
3,244
3,764
7,478
.42
.43
1.43
1.40
Total___
4,813
11,242
.43
1.40
Weeks with average efficiency
Feb. 21, 2 ships.........
3,810
3,898
7,523
7,299
0.51
.53
$1.18
1.13
Total.......
7,708
14,822
.52
1.15
Mar. 7,3 ships.
1,458
2,588
466
2,771
5,593
711
.53
.46
.66
1.13
1.30
.91
4,512
9,075
.50
1.20
Total..
1 Short tons.
L in e N o . 6— Con.
Jan. 14, 2 ships__
Jan. 21,1 ship___
Jan. 31, 4 ships.. .
Feb. 7,3 ships___
Feb. 14, 2 ships...
Feb. 28, 2 ships—
Mar. 14, 2 ships...
Mar. 21, 2 ships..
Mar. 31, 3 ships. _
Apr. 7, 3 ships___
Apr. 21, 2 ships—
Apr. 30, 3 ships...
M ay 14, 2 ships—
May 21, 3 ships__
May 31, 3 ships.........
Junj 7, 2 ships...........
June 14, 3 ships_____
June 21, 2 ships.........
June 30, 2 ships—
July 7, 3 ships___
July 14, 2 ships___
July 21,3 ships__
July 31, 3 ships__
Aug 7, 3 ships-----Aug. 14, 2 ships...
Aug. 21, 3 ships—
Aug. 31, 3 ships—
Sept. 7, 2 ships___
Sept. 14, 3 ships.
Sept. 21, 2 ships.
Sept. 30, 4 ships. ..
Oct. 7, 2 ships____
Oct. 14,1 ship___
Oct. 21, 4 ships___
Nov. 7, 3 ships___
Nov. 14, 2 ships...
Nov. 21, 3 ships...
Nov. 30, 3 ships...
Dec. 7, 2 ships___
Dec. 14, 2 ships...
Dec. 21, 2 ships...
Dec. 31,3 ships...
5,698
3,217
13,884
11,549
6,878
6.624
6,206
5,472
7,532
7,622
5,765
7,670
4,942
4,911
6,487
4,712
5,428
5,244
4,971
6,822
3,301
5,915
7,782
5,469
4,914
5,917
7,268
5,178
6,052
4,997
10,158
5,019
2,207
10, 611
6,223
5,087
7,238
6,669
5,088
4,586
5,415
4,789
10,730 0.53 $1.13
5,914
.54
1.11
22,882
.61
.98
18,371
.63
.95
14,050
.49
1.22
14,082
.47
1.28
13,455
.46
1.30
11,216
.49
1.22
16,376
.46
1.30
13,283
.57
1.05
11,019
.52
1.15
14,391
.53
1.13
9,484
.52
1.15
9,354
.53
1.13
12,908
.50
1.20
8,990
.52
1.15
10,427
.52
1.15
10,557
.50
1.20
10,032
.50
1.20
11,947
.57
1.05
7,014
.47
1.28
11,470
.52
1.15
15,661
.50
1.20
11,390
.48
1.25
10,846
.45
1.33
12,612
.47
1.28
16,020
.45
1.33
11,540
.45
1.33
11,646
.52
1.15
9,551
.52
1.15
20,792
.49
1.22
11,276
.45
1.33
5,155
.43
1.40
19,868
.53
1.13
13,492
.46
1.30
10,763
.47
1.28
11,671
.62
.97
13,997
.48
1.25
9,669
.53
1.13
8,261
.56
1.07
10,198
.53
1.13
.57
8,416
1.05
217
GALVESTON (1927)
T a b le 3 3 .— PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABO R COST IN HANDLIN G CARGO IN
COASTWISE TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo
Week ending—
Cargo
tonnage Man(reve hours
nue
tons)1
Out
put
per
manhour
(reve
nue
tons)
Labor
cost
per
reve
nue
to n 1
2507,868 336,175
1.51
$0.40
Week ending—
Out
put Labor
Cargo
per cost
tonnage Man- manper
(reve hours hour reve
nue
(reve nue
tons) i
nue to n 1
tons)1
Other weeks
L in e N o. 7
Total, 121 ships..
Weeks with m axim um effi
ciency
Sept. 21, 3 ships.
5,274
942
3,295
2,909
738
1,619
1.81
1.28
2.04
.47
.29
Total.......
9,511
5.266
1.81
.33
Sept. 7, 2 ships.
4,779
1,663
2,603
1,068
1.84
1.56
.33
Total.......
6,442
3,671
1.75
.34
Weeks with m inim u m effi
ciency
July 7, 3 ships...........
1,834
5,378
2,177
1,262
3,735
3,300
1.45
1.44
.66
$0.41
.42
.92
Total...............
9,389
8,297
1.13
.53
May 7, 2 ships..........
2,059
5,699
1,843
4,642
1.12
1.23
.54
.49
Total...............
7,758
6,485
1.20
.50
Weeks with average efficiency
Mar. 14, 3 ships........
3,838
3,021
3,987
2,475
2,273
2,441
Total...............
10,846
7,189
1.51
.43
Sept. 30, 3 ships........
2,517
1,967
6,123
1,844
1,585
3,592
1.36
1.24
1.70
.44
.48
.35
Total:.............. 10,607
7,021
1.51
.40
1
Short tons.
66490°— 32------ 15
1.55
1.33
1.63
$0.39
.45
.37
L in e N o . 7—Con.
Jan. 7, 4 ships. .........
Jan. 14, 2 ships.........
Jan. 21, 2 ships-------Jan. 31, 2 ships.........
Feb. 7,4 ships...........
Feb. 14, 2 ships.........
Feb. 21, 2 ships.........
Feb. 28, 2 ships_____
Mar. 7, 2 ships..........
Mar. 21, 2 ships........
Mar. 31, 3 ships____
Apr. 7, 2 ships______
Apr. 14, 3 ships.........
Apr. 21, 2 ships....... .
Apr. 30, 2 ships........
May 14, 4 ships....... .
May 21, 3 ships....... .
May 31, 3 ships_____
June 7, 2 ships______
June 14, 3 ships_____
June 21, 3 ships_____
June 30,1 ship_____
July 14, 3 ships_____
July 21,1 ship..........
July 31, 4 ships.........
Aug. 7, 2 ships_____
Aug. 14, 2 ships_____
Aug. 21, 3 ships.........
Aug. 31, 3 ships.........
Sept. 14, 2 ships------Oct. 7, 2 ships...........
Oct. 14, 2 ships.........
Oct. 21, 3 ships_____
Oct. 31, 3 ships.........
Nov. 7, 3 ships..........
Nov. 14,1 ship..........
Nov. 21, 3 ships........
Nov. 30, 3 ships____
Dec. 7, 2 ships......... Dec. 14, 2 ships.........
Dec. 21, 2 ships.........
Dec. 31,4 ships.........
21,312
10,728
8,706
11,082
20,622
8,724
12,822
11,721
7,358
7,189
16,278
6,359
10,088
9,139
11,118
13,785
18,275
10,917
10, 111
15,100
9,793
7,064
14,629
5,812
15,271
7,255
6,036
8,561
11,179
6,984
7,828
7,738
10,913
10,976
13,121
4,003
12,601
10,390
7,811
10,674
9,646
13,696
* Principal commodity: Copper.
13,399
6,487
6,176
7,643
13,277
5,684
7,838
7,608
4,654
4,639
9,919
4,696
6,743
6,904
7,903
10,655
12,780
7,966
6,454
10,077
6,359
4,857
11,406
4,164
10,569
4,584
3,673
5,314
6,480
4,562
5,329
4,606
7,162
6,872
7,825
2,558
7,692
6,930
4,790
6,140
5,882
8,990
1.59
1.65
1.41
1.45
1.55
1.53
1.64
1.54
1.58
1.55
1.64
1.35
1.50
1.32
1.41
1.29
1.43
1.37
1.57
1.50
1.54
1.45
1.28
1.40
1.44
1.58
1.64
1.61
1.73
1.52
1.47
1.68
1.52
1.60
1.68
1.56
1.64
1.50
1.63
1.72
1.64
1.52
$0.38
.36
.43
.41
.39
.39
.37
.39
.38
.39
.37
.44
.40
.45
.43
.47
.42
.44
.38
.40
.39
.41
.47
.43
.42
.38
.37
.37
.35
.39
.41
.36
.39
.38
.36
.38
.37
.40
.37
.35
.37
.39
218
GENERAL TABLES
T able 34.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COM M ODITIES
Discharging cargo
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Line No. 8 :1
Total, 10 ships.......... . 24,574
24,574
Ganghours
Output per Aver Output per Average labor
man-hour
cost per—
gang-hour age
num
ber of
men
Long Reve
Revenue Long Reve
nue per Long
nue
tons tons
ton
tons
gang tons
ton
B urlap
905i2
27.1
27.1
20.0
1.36
1.36
$0.59
$0.59
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (February)........ 1,115
936
830
320
1,115
936
830
320
40.0
36.0
29.0
7.0
27.8
26.0
28.6
45.8
27.8
26.0
28.6
45.8
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
1.39
1.30
1.43
2.29
1.39 $0.58
1.30
.62
1.43
.56
2.29
.35
Total........................ 3,201
$0.58
.62
.56
.35
3,201
112.0
28.6
28.6
20.0
1.43
1.43
.56
.56
516
1,082
185
$16
1,082
185
24.5
33.3
5.0
21.0
32.4
37.0
21.0
32.4
37.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
1.05
1.62
1.85
1.05
1.62
1.85
.76
.49
.43
.76
.49
.43
Total.............. ......... 1,783
1,783
62.8
28.4
28.4
20.0
1.42
1.42
.56
.56
1.45
1.49
1.11
1.45 $0.55
1.49
.54
1.11
.72
$0.55
.54
.72
No. 2 (June)_________
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (October)...........
474
1,016
474
1,016
16.3 29.0
34.0 29.8
16>3 22.2
29.0
29.8
22.2
20.0
20.0
20.0
66.6
27.8
27.8
20.0
1.26
1.26
.63
.63
20.5
40.5
33.5
28.0
25.2
20.2
29.4
29.4
25.2
20.2
29.4
29.4
20.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
1.26
1.01
1.47
1.47
1.26
1.01
1.47
1.47
.63
.79
.54
.54
.63
.79
.54
.54
25.7
25.7
20.0
1.28
1,28
.63
.63
$0.58
.56
.62
.63
362
362
Total.............. .........
1,852
1,852
No. 4 (January)..........
516
819
984
825
516
819
984
825
Total........................ 3,144
3,144
122.5
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (July).................
826
1,104
595
448
826
1,104
595
448
30.0
39.0
23.0
17.8
27.6
28.4
25.8
25.2
27.6
28.4
25.8
25.2
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
1.38
1.42
1.29
1.26
1.38 $0.58
1.42
.56
1.29
.62
.63
1.26
Total........................ 2,973
2,973
109.8
27.0
27.0
20.0
1.35
1.35
.59
.59
No. 6 (August)______
514
1,076
635
246
514
1,076
635
246
20.5
38.8
23.5
6.0
25.0
27.8
27.0
41.0
25.0
27.8
27.0
41.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
1.25
1.39
1.35
2.05
1.25
1.39
1.35
2.05
.64
.58
.59
.39
.64
.58
.59
.39
Total........................
2,471
2,471
88.8
27.8
27.8
20.0
1.39
1.39
.58
.58
23.6
i
19.0 j 1.24
1.24 $0.65
$0.65
1.33 $0.60
1.31
.61
$0.60
.61
Line No. 9:
Total. 11 ships............. 20,472
20,472
866.0
23.6
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (October)........... 1,595
No. 2 (M ay)......... .
1,308
1,595
1,308
63.1
52.7
25.3
24.9
25.3
24.9
1 Data, except totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost.
19.0
19.0
1.33
1.31
219
GALVESTON (1927)
T a b l e 34 .—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Ganghours
Output per Aver Output per Average labor
gang-hour age
man-hour
cost per—
num
ber of
men
Reve
Long Reve
nue per Long Revenue Long nue
tons tons
tons
ton
gang tons
ton
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
B u r la p — Continued
Line No. 9—Continued.
No. 3 (September)----- 3,404
No. 4 (November)___ 1,850
3,404
1,850
151.4
82.5
22.4
22.4
22.4
22.4
19.0
19.0
1.18
1.18
1.18 $0.68
1.18
.68
$0.68
.68
1.24 $0.65
1.26
.63
$0.65
.63
3$4.71
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (June)......... .
No. 6 (December)..
1,506
1,701
1,506
1,701
63.8
70.9
3,536
2 59,579
190.1
18.6 2313.4 18.5
1.01
2 17.00 $0.79
368
394
412
485
493
485
429
470
2 6,250
2 6,500
27,000
2 8,250
28,250
28,250
27,162
2 7,917
13.9
21.9
23.0
29.8
27.5
28.8
21.1
24.1
26.5
18.1
18.0
16.4
17.9
16.8
20.3
19.5
2450.4
2296.8
2304.7
2277.6
2300.0
2286.5
2339.4
2328.5
18.0
19.0
18.0
18.0
20.9
22.6
15.0
15.1
1.47
.95
1.00
.91
.85
.75
1.36
1.29
225.00
2 15.60
216.90
2 15.40
214.40
212.70
222.60
2 21.80
Line No. 11:
Total, 9 ships............. 45,411
<6,061
267.1
20.3
22.7
17.8
1.14
23.6
23.9
23.6
23.9
19.0
19.0
1.24
1.26
C offee
Line No. 10:
Total, 8 ships........
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
1( January)....
2 (March)-----3 (June).........
4 (July)--------5 (August)___
6 (September)___
7 (October)_____
8 (N ovem ber),..
.54
.84
.80
.88
.94
1.00
.59
.62
3 3.20
3 5.13
34.73
3 5.19
3 5.56
3 6.30
33.54
33.67
1.27 $0.70
$0.63
2.15 $0.42
1.46
.62
$0.37
.55
0.99 $0.91
1.12
.80
$0.81
.71
1.27 $0.71
1.30
.69
$0.63
.62
N ew sprin t P aper
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (October)..........
No. 2 (August)............
451
742
505
831
13.1
33.7
34.6
22.1
38.7
24.8
18.0
17.0
1.92
1.30
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3............................
No. 4 (March).............
321
817
360
915
21.4
48.1
15.0
17.0
16.8
19.0
17.0
17.0
0.88
1.00
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January)..........
No. 6 (August)............
598
575
670
644
26.5
27.6
22.6
20.9
25.3
23.4
3 Per 100 bags.
* Principal commodity: Paper, 5,349 long tons or 5,991 short tons.
20.0
18.0
1.13
1.16
220
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 34.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COM M O DITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo—Continued
Ganghours
Output per Aver Output per Average labor
man-hour
cost per—
gang-hour age
num
ber of
men
Long Reve
Revenue Long Revenue per Long
tons tons
tons
ton *nue
gang tons
ton
1,957.5
49.2 2338.6 36.4
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Line No. 12: i
Total, 27 ships......... . 96,375
*662,798
S ugar
1.35
29.30 $0.59
*$8.60
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (June)................ 1,731
871
1,437
211,702
25,883
29,715
25.5
16.5
21.0
68.0 2458.6 36.0
52.9 2356.4 36.0
68.3 2462.5 39.0
1.89
1.47
1.75
212.70 $0.42 3$6.30
2 9.90
.54 38.08
2 11.90
.46 3 6.72
Total........................ 4,039
227,300
63.0
64.1 2433.3 37.0
1.73
2 11.70
.46
36.84
891
261
1,845
2 6,050
21,764
2 12,442
14.0
4.0
30.5
63.7 2432.0 36.0
65.1 2441.0 42.0
60.5 2407.9 36.0
1.77
1.55
1.68
2 12.00
210.50
211.30
.45
.52
.48
36.66
3 7.62
37.08
T o ta l--............ ........ 2,997
220,256
48.5
61.8 2417.7 36.5
1.69
2H.40
.47
3 7.02
2 6.90 $0.81
25.40 1.04
26.20
.89
2 5.10 1.11
2 4.80 1.18
3$11.59
»14.81
312.90
315.69
316.67
No. 2 (August)— .......
Ships w ith m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (March)_______
750
1,483
1,619
1,330
815
2 5,244
210,410
211,047
2 9,289
25,706
20.0
47.0
46.0
46.0
30.0
Total........................ 5,997
* 41,696
189.0
No. 4 (March)............. 1,142
702
664
546
855
192
555
2 7,960
2 4,910
24,645
23,817
25,980
2 1,347
23,884
31.0
17.0
17.5
16.0
24.0
6.0
15.0
4,656
232,543
126.5
T o ta l--....................
37.6
31.6
35.1
28.8
27.2
2262.2
2221.4
2240.2
2202.0
2190.4
38.0
41.0
39.0
40.0
40.0
0.99
.77
.90
.72
.68
31.7 2220.6 39.8
.80
25.50
2256.7
2288.8
2265.3
2238.7
2249.3
2224.6
2259.1
33.0
35.0
33.0
37.0
32.0
37.0
33.0
1.12
1.18
1.15
.92
1.11
.86
1.12
*7.80
28.30
28.00
2 6.50
2 7.80
2 6.10
2 7.90
.71
.68
.70
.87
.72
.93
.71
310.26
39.64
3 10.00
3 12.31
3 10.26
3 13.11
310.13
36.8 2257.3 33.8
1.09
2 7.60
.73
310.53
37.0
41.3
38.0
34.0
35.5
31.8
37.0
1.00 3 14.55
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (October)--------- 1,848
1,579
299
2 12,503
210,666
22,090
37.0
34.0
10.5
50.0 2338.0 34.0
46.6 2313.8 34.0
28.5 2199.0 32.0
1.47
1.37
1.89
29.90 $0.54 3 $8.08
29.20
.58
38.70
2 6.20
.42 3 12.90
T otal-...................... 3,726
2 25,259
81.5
45.7 2309.9 33.7
1.35
29.20
.59
38.70
No. 6 (June)......... ...... 1,975
1,340
763
581
2 13,352
29,164
2 5,173
23,957
41.0
25.5
18.0
13.0
48.2
52.5
42.5
45.2
33.0
37.0
36.0
35.0
1.46
1.42
1.18
1.29
2 9.90
29.70
28.00
2 8.70
.55
.56
.68
.62
38.08
38.25
3 10.00
39.20
Total........................ 4,659
231,646
97.5
47.8 2324.6 34.9
1.37
*9.30
.58
38.60
2325.7
2359.3
2287.3
2304.5
1 Data, except totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost.
2 Bags.
3 Per 100 bags.
221
GALVESTON (1927)
T a b l e 34 .—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COM M ODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo
Output per Aver
gang-hour age
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Ganghours
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Line No. 1 3 :1
Total, 8 ships........... — 5,017
* 22,576
Output per
man-hour
Average labor
cost per—
|rmm-
berof
men Long
Long Reve
Long Reve
nue
per tons Revenue
nue
tons
ton
tons tons gang
ton
C otton
213.0
23.6 *106.0
15.0
1.57
*7.07 $0.90
«$0.20
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (November)___
802
8 3,609
27.0
29.7 5133.7 15.0
1.98
*8.91
No. 2 (September)___
87
136
221
*390
*610
*1,000
4.5
5.5
7.0
19.3 *86.7 15.0
24.6 *110.9 15.0
31.8 *142.9 15.0
1.28
1.64
2.12
*5.78 $0.90 e $0.20
*7.39
.90
6.20
*9.53
.90
6.20
Total........................
444
*2,000
17.0
26.1 *117.6 15.0
1.74
*7.84
.90
6.20
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (March)_______
221
179
* 1,000
*800
12.0
11.8
18.5 *83.3
15.1 *67.8
Total........................
400
* 1,800
23.8
16.8 *75.6
No. 4 (July).................
310
* 1,393
14.8
21.0 *94.1
1.23
1.00
*5.55 $0.90 6 $0.20
*4.52
6.20
.90
15.0
1.12
*5.04
.90
«.20
15.0
1.40
*6.27
.90
6.20
15.0
15.0
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (October)...........
489
*2,200
20.8
23.6 *105.8 15.0
1.57
*7.05 $0.90 e $0.20
No. 6 (August)............
143
401
*644
*1,805
6.8
15.0
21.0 *94.7 15.0
26.7 *120.3 15.0
1.40
1.78
*6.31
*8.02
.90
.90
6.20
6.20
T o ta l................... .
544
*2,449
21.8
24.9 *112.4 15.0
1.66
*7.49
.90
6.20
Line No. 14:1
Total, 10 ships_______ 9,797
*44,086
448.1
21.9 *98.4
1.47
*6.61 $0.90 6$0.20
15.0
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (November)___
No. 2 (December)___-
543
562
* 2,445
*2,531
22.0
23.0
24.7 *111.1 15.0
24.5 *110.1 15.0
1.65
1.63
*7.41 $0.90 I6 $0.20
*7.34
.90 j 6.20
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (M arch)-...........
714
534
* 3,211
*2,404
33.0
29.5
21.6 *97.4
18.1 *81.5
15.0
15.0
1.44
1.21
*6.49 $0.90 6 $0.20
*5.43
.90
«.20
Total........................ 1,248
*5,615
62.5
20.0 *89.9
15.0
1.33
*5.99
.90
®.20
969
886
142
* 4,360
* 3,986
*639
48.0
42.5
6.0
20.2 *90.9 15.0
20.8 *93.8 15.0
23.7 *106.5 15.0
1.35
1.39
1.58
*6.06
*6.25
*7.10
.90
.90
.90
®. 20
6.20
6.20
Total........................ 1,997
*8,985
96.5
20.7 *93.2
1.38
*6.21
.90
6.20
No. 4 (February!).
,.
1 Data, except totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost.
« Bales.
« Piece rate per bale.
15.0
GENERAL TABLES
222
T a b le 34 .—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Output per Aver Output per Average labor
man-hour
cost per—
gang-hour age
num
ber of
men
Long Reve
Revenue Long Reve
nue
nue per Long
ton
tons tons
tons
gang tons
ton
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Ships with average efficiency
C otton — Continued
Line No. 14 *—Contd.
No. 5 (January) ____
Ganghours
673
1,164
616
5 3,030
5 5,240
6 2,770
25.0
56.0
32.0
20.8 593.6
19.2 586.6
26.9 5121.2
35.0
15.0
15.0
1.80
1.39
1.28
58.08 $0.90 *$0.20
5 6.24
•. 20
.90
«. 20
5 5.77
.90
Total......................... 2,453
511,040
113.0
21.7 597.7
No. 6 (September)___
389
«1,750
17.0
Line No. 15: i
Total, 35 ships............. 69,627
«311,532
3,153.5
15.0
1.45
5 6.51
.90
«.20
22.9 5102.9 15.0
1.52
5 6.86
.90
6.20
22.1 598.8
1.47
5 6.59 $0.90 6$0.20
15.0
Ships with maximum efficiency
511.49 $0.90 6$0.20
1,582
s 7,121
41.3
38.3 5172.4 15.0
2.55
No. 2 (February)........ 1,143
1,085
«5,142
64,883
53.0
33.0
21.6 597.0 15.0
32.9 5148.0 15.0
1.44
1.97
56.47
58.86
.90
.90
6.20
6.20
Total........ —............. 2,228
6 10,025
86.0 25.9 5116.6 15.0
1.73
5 7.77
.90
6.20
No. 1 (January)..........
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (September)......
546
363
245
5 2,455
« 1,635
5 1,102
24.0
24.0
17.5
22.7 5102.3 15.0
15.1 5 68.1 15.0
14.0 563.0 15.0
1.01
5 6.82 $0.90 6$0.20
5 4.54
.90
«. 20
5 4.20
.90
6.20
1.52
.93
Total........................
1,154
«5,192
65.5
17.6 5 79.3
15.0
1.17
5 5.28
.90
6.20
No. 4 (September)----
966
779
5 4,345
5 3,509
42.0
55.0
23.0 5103.5 15.0
14.2 563.8 15.0
1.53
.94
56.90
5 4.25
.90
.90
6.20
6.20
Total........................
1,745
5 7,854
97.0
18.0 581.0
1.20
5 5.40
.90
6.20
15.0
Ships with average efficiency
1.36
1.62
5 6.12 $0.90 6$0.20
5 7.29
.90
6.20
22.2 5100.0 15.0
1.48
5 6.67
.90
6.20
22.8 5102.5 15.0
15.0
1.52
1.39
1.66
15.0
1.73
1.27
56.83
5 6.27
57.47
5 7.79
5 5.73
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
6.20
6.20
6.20
6.20
6.20
22.3 5100.2 15.0
1.48
56.68
.90
6.20
21.3 595.7
1.42
56.38 $0.90 6$0.20
32.0
28.0
20.4 591.8 15.0
24.3 5109.4 15.0
5 6,000
60.0
5 3,074
5 3,011
5224
5 1,402
5 559
30.0
32.0
20.9 594.1
6.5
19.1 5 86.0
1,838
58,270
82.5
Line No. 16:1
Total, 34 ships............. 55,383
5 249,223
2,605.0
No. 5 (November)___
653
680
5 2,937
53,063
Total........................
1,333
No. 6 (October)..........
683
669
50
312
124
Total........................
2.0 24.9 5112.0 15.0
12.0 26.0 5116.8 15.0
i Data, except totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost.
15.0
6 Bales.
6 Piece rate per bale.
223
GALVESTON (1927)
T a b le 3 4.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ganghours
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Ships with m axim um efficiency
C o tto n — Continued
Line N o . 161— Contd.
N o. 1 (M arch)...........
Output per A ver . Output per Average labor
man-hour
cost per—
gang-hour
age
num
ber of
Reve men Long
Reve
Long
Revenue Long
nue
per
nue
tons
tons
tons
ton
tons gang
ton
302
38
391
131
122
170
279
* 1,357
8 173
8 1,759
8 590
8 549
8 765
8 1,256
12.5
1.8
13.3
4.0
4.0
7.5
12.0
20.8
21.3
29.4
32.8
30.5
22.7
23.3
8 93.8
8 96.0
8132.3
8147.5
8137.3
8102.0
8104.7
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
1.39
1.42
1.96
2.18
2.03
1.51
1.55
8 6.25
8 6.40
8 8.82
8 9.83
8 9.15
8 6.-80
8 6.98
$0.90 e $0.20
.90
6.2 0
.90
6 .20
.90
«-.20
.90
6.2 0
.90
6.2 0
.90
6.2 0
Total.... .............
1,433
8 6,449
55.1
26.0 8117.0
15.0
1.73
8 7.80
.90
6.2 0
N o. 2 (January)..
272
1,053
8 1,222
8 4,741
11.0
41.3
24.7 8111.2
25.5 8114.8
15.0
15.0
1.65
1.70
8 7.41
8 7.65
.90
.90
6.2 0
« .2 0
T otal...................
1,325
8 5,963
52.3
25.3 8114.0
15.0
1.69
8 7.60
.90
6.2 0
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
N o. 3 (December)..
15.0
15.0
1.14
.98
8 5.12
8 4.41
16.6 8 74.9
15.0
1.11
8 4.99
.90
6.2 0
22.2 8100.1
16.9 8 76.1
15.0
15.0
1.48
1.13
8 6.67
8 5.07
.90
.90
6.20
6.20
15.0
1.13
8 5.10
.90
6.20
955
176
8 4,298
8 793
56.0
12.0
T o ta l.........................
1,131
8 5,091
68.0
N o. 4 (September)..
22
1,117
8 100
8 5,024
1.0
66.0
1,139
8 5,124
67.0
17.0 8 76.5
T o ta l.
17.1 8 76.8
14.7 8 66.2
$0.90 6 $0. 20
.90
6.2 0
Ships with average efficiency
N o. 5 (D ecem ber)___
795
1,359
373
e 3,576
8 6,114
8 1,681
36.0
72.0
12.0
22.1 8 99.3 15.0
18.9 8 84.9 15.0
31.2 8140.3 .15.0
1.47
1.26
2.08
8 6.62
8 5.66
5 9.35
$0.90 6 $0.20
.90
6 .20
.90
6 .2 0
T o ta l.............................
2,527
s 11,371
120.0
21.1 8 94.8
15.0
1.40
8 6.32
.90
6.2 0
N o. 6 (October)............
349
1,217
74
8 1,569
8 5,477
8 333
15.0
60.0
4.0
23.2 8104.6
20.3 8 91.4
18.5 883.3
15.0
15.0
15.0
1. 55
1.35
1.23
8 6.97
8 6.09
5 5.55
.90
.90
.90
8 .20
6 .2 0
6 .2 0
T o ta l.............................
1,640
8 7,379
79.0
20.8 8 93.5
15.0
1.38
5 6.23
.90
6 .20
Line N o. 17:
Total, 27 ships............... 32,641
32,641
1,602.6
20.4
15.9
1.28
1.28
$0.63
$0.63
1.47 $0.54
1.45
.55
$0.54
.55
1.01 $0.79
1.03
.78
$0.79
.78
1.28 $0.63
.62
1.29
$0.62
.63
F lour
20.4
Ships with m axim um efficiency
N o. 1 (April)..................
N o. 2 (August)__
654
882
654
882
27.9
38.0
23.4
23.2
23.4
23.2
15.9
16.0
1.47
1.45
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
N o .3 (November)..
N o. 4 (October)___
981
1,240
981
1,240
61.0
75.4
16.2
16.5
16.2
16.2
16.0
16.0
1.01
1.03
Ships with average efficiency
N o . 5 (January)..
N o. 6 (July)..........
1,394
928
1,394
928
77.8
45.0
17.9
20.6
17.9
20.6
1Data, except totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost.
14.0
16.0
1.28
1.29
* Bales.
•Piece rate per bale.
224
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 34.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LA BO R A N D LABO R COST IN H A N D LIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo—Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Line No. 18:
Total, 10 ships............. 5,834
5,834
Ganghours
Output per Aver Output per Average labor
man-hour
cost per—
gang-hour age
num
ber of
men Long Revenue Long Reve
Long Reve
nue
nue per tons
ton
tons
tons tons
ton
gang
S pelter
264.7
22.0
22.0
16.0
1.38
1.38 $0.58
$0.58
2.01 $0.40
1.56
.51
$0.40
.51
1.01 $0.79
.73
1.10
$0.79
.73
1.41 $0.57
1.42
.56
$0.57
.56
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January)..
No. 2 (March)...
755
750
755
750
23.5
30.1
32.2
25.0
32.2
25.0
16.0
16.0
2.01
1.56
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (February)..
No. 4 (March)___
525
562
525
562
32.6
31.9
16.2
17.6
16.2
17.6
16.0
16.0
1.01
1.10
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (February)___
No. 6 (November)___
675
350
675
350
30.0
15.4
22.6
22.7
22.6
22.7
16.0
16.0
1.41
1.42
W h e a t (Trimming) '
Line No. 19:
Total, 32 ships......... . 97,566 83,896,128 •7,364.5
13.25
8529.00 $0.06 w $1.51
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January)...
No. 2 (February)..
2,571
6,482
896,000
8242,000
» 77.00
•204.0
33.39 81,246.80 $0.02 w $0.64
N.67
.03
31.80 81,186.30
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (March)...........
No. 4 (September). . .
3,348
2,786
8 125,000
8 104,000
•375.0
•310.0
8.93 8 333.30 $0.09
8.99 8 335.50
.09
io 2.40
io 2.38
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5----------- -----No. 6 (March)___
2,571
2,223
Line No. 20:
Total, 6 ships.......
16,550
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
(January).........
(January)........
(March)...........
(April)..............
(May)..............
(September)__
2.142
2,571
2,785
2.142
3,696
3,214
8 137,920
885,286
9275.0
9171.0
8618,000 • 1,180.5
880,000
896,000
8 104,000
8 80,000
8 138,000
8 120,000
»102.0
9182.0
9 167.5
9167.0
9 284.0
9 278.0
? Data for ships Nos. 5 and 6 include also other grain.
s Bushels.
9.35 8501.50 $0.09 io $1.60
13.00 8498.70
.06 io 1.60
14.02 8523.50 $0.06 io $1.53
21.00
14.13
16.62
12.83
13.01
11.56
8 784.30
8527.50
8620.90
8479.00
8485.90
8 431.70
•Man-hours,
w Per 1,000 bushels.
.04
.06
.05
.06
.06
.07
io 1.02
10 1.52
io 1.29
io 1.67
io 1.65
io 1.85
Houston (1927)
T a b le 35.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABO R COST IN H AN DLING CARGO, BY
KIN D OF T R A D E AND IN DIVIDU AL COMMODITIES
la
Output per Aver Output per Average
cost
man-hour borper—
gang-hour
age
num
ber of
men
Rev
Long Rev
per Long Rev
enue Long enue
tons enue
tons gang tons tons ton
ton
Cargo tonnage
Ganghours
Operation, line number, and
commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Foreign trade 1
Discharging cargo, Europe:
No. 1...................................
No. 2 ..................................
No. 3_..................................
Loading cargo, Europe:
No. 4................................
No. 5........ ...........................
No. 6 _ _ ............................................ .
No. 7........... .......................
No. 8.................................
No. 9....................................
16,862
5,837
24,316
16,862
5,837
24,316
817.0
287.0
2,223.3
20.6
20.3
10.9
20.6
20.3
10.9
18.0
18.0
11.6
1.14
1.13
.94
1.14 $0.70
1.13
.71
.94
.85
18,943
37,403
36,747
9,836
10,349
5,941
18,943
37,403
36,747
9,836
10,349
5,941
744.2
1,624.5
1,603.2
454.3
504.4
374.5
25.5
23.0
22.9
21.7
20.5
15.9
25.5
23.0
22.9
21.7
20.5
15.9
19.2
18.0
18.0
17.1
18.0
18.0
1.32
1.28
1.28
1.26
1.14
.88
1.32
1.28
1.28
1.26
1.14
.88
.61
.63
.63
.63
.70
.91
$0.70
.71
.85
.61
.63
.63
.63
.70
.91
Intercoastal trade 1
Discharging cargo:
No. 10................................... 47,180
352,840
2,464.5
19.1 321.4
20.8
0.92 31.03 $0.87 3$0.78
Coastwise trade 2
Discharging cargo:
No. 11...... ............................
Loading cargo:
No. 12...................................
3 27,288 <45,155.0
30.60
8$1.00
339,450 <40,134.0
3.98
3. 61
Individual commodities 1
Discharging cargo:
Newsprint paper—No. 13. _ 4,214
Loading cargo:
Cotton—No. 14................... 15,686
No. 15.......................... 29,259
No. 16......................... 56,197
No. 177.......................... 13,928
Rails—No. 18____________ 11,509
3 4,720
5 70,591
8131,704
8253,396
8 62,675
11,509
230.1
18.3 320.5
677.5 23.2
1,314.5 22.3
2,606.8 21.6
960.0 14.5
1,470.6
7.8
8104.0
8100.2
897.2
565.3
7.8
17.3
1.06 31. 18 $0.75 3$0.68
15.0
15.0
15.0
20.1
9.0
1.54
1.48
1.44
.72
.87
87.00
86.70
86.50
83.30
.87
.90
.90
.90
(8)
.92
1 Wage rate: 80 cents per hour.
2 Wage rate: 60 cents per hour.
3 Short tons.
4 Man-hours.
* Bales.
6 Piece rate per bale.
7 Cotton hand stowed and screwed.
8 Piece rate: 20 cents per bale for hand-stowed and 40 centsper bale for screwed cotton.
225
®. 20
«.20
0.20
(8)
.92
226
GEN ERAL TABLES
T a b le 36.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E
Discharging cargo: Europe
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
Rev men
Long enue
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
tons tons gang tons enue
tons ton ton
L in e No. 1
Total, 24 ships...... ....................... 116,862
16,862
817.0
20.6
20.6
18.0
1.14
1.14 $0.70
$0.70
$0.35
1.25
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (March):
Steel angles...... ................... .
General cargo______________
601
19
601
19
14.7
1.6
40.7
11.5
40.7
11.5
18.0
18.0
2.26
.64
2.26 $0.35
.64 1.25
Total......... .......................-
620
620
16.3
38.0
38.0
18.0
2.10
2.10
.38
.38
No. 2 (February):
Sheet steel_________________
General cargo______________
518
120
518
120
638
638
21.0
30.4
30.4
18.0
1.69
1.69
.47
.47
0.69 $1.16
$1.16
Total............................... .
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (August):
Steel products..... ......... ...... ...
Manure salts_______________
General cargo___________ - -
525
278
179
525
278
179
T o ta l.-............ .........
......
982
982
No. 4 (June):
Sheet ir o n ________________
General cargo______________
198
75
198
75
T o ta l-..............................-
273
273
79.5
12.4
12.4
18.0
0.69
18.2
14.9
14.9
18.0
.83
.83
.96
.96
1.14 $0.70
$0.70
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (October):
Steel products __ _____
General cargo______________
646
140
646
140
Total. ..................................
786
786
38.2
20.5
No. 6 (February):
Iron tubes_________________
paper________ ____________
Kainit (bulk)____________ General cargo______________
20.5
18.0
287
190
105
10
19.1
287
190
105 | 10.2
10
Total ___________________
592
592
29.3
5,837
5,837
Cotton bands__ _____ ______ 4,000
General cargo______________ 2 1,837
4,000
1,837
1.14
15.1
15.1
18.0
.84
.84
.95
.95
30.1
30.1
18.0
1.67
1.67
.48
.48
20.2
20.2
18.0
1.12
1.12
.71
.71
287.0
20.3
20.3
18.0
1.13
1.13 $0.71
$0.71
193.2
93.8
20.7
19.6
20.7
19.6
18.0
18.0
1.15
1.10
1.15
1.10
.70
.73
.70
.73
L in e N o. 2
Total, 7 ships...... ..........................
No. 1 (January):
Cotton bands______________
General cargo.........................
1,000
142
1,000
142
48.3
7.8
20.7
19.9
20.7
19.9
18.0
18.0
1.15
1.11
1.15
1.11
.70
.72
.70
.72
Total.............- .....................
1,142
1,142
56.1
20.7
20.7
18.0
1.15
1.15
.70
.70
1 Principal commodity: Iron and steel products, 12,961 long tons.
* Principal commodity: Burlap, 1,233 long tons.
227
HOUSTON (1927)
T a b le 36.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E—Continued
Discharging cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
1,000
107
41
1,000
107
41
Output per Aver Output per Average
age man-hour labor cost
gang-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
per Long Rev Long Rev
Long Rev gang
enue
tons enue
tons enue
tons
tons ton ton
L ine N o . 2—Continued
No. 2 (March):
Cotton hands „
Burlap____________ ______
General cargo______________
48.6
4.6
3.2
20.5
23.4
12.6
20.5
23.4
12.6
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.14
1.30
.70
1.14 $0.70
1.30
.62
.70 1.14
$0.70
.62
1.14
1,148
1,148
56.4
20.3
20.3
18.0
1.13
1.13
.71
.71
No. 3 (April): Cork____________
164
164
18.2
9.0
9.0
18.0
.50
.50
1.60'
1.60
No. 4 (August):
Burlap
General cargo
319
15
319
15
Total.................................
334
334
9.9
33.8
33.8
18.0
1.88
1.88
.43
.43
221
221
23.6
9.4
9.4
18.0
.52
.52
1.54
1.54
No. 6 (September):
Cotton bands T .............
Burlap_________ __________
1,000
596
1,000
596
45.7
16.5
21.8
36.2
21.8
36.2
18.0
18.0
1.21
2.01
1.21
2.01
.66
.40
.66
.40
Total..................................
1,596
1,596
62.2
25.6
25.6
18.0
1.42
1.42
.56
.56
1,000
211
21
1,000
211 }
21
50.6
10.0
19.8
23.2
19.8
23.2
18.0
18.0
1.10
1.29
1.10
1.29
.73
.62
.73
.62
1,232
1,232
60.6
20.3
20.3
18.0
1.13
1.13
.71
.71
24,316 2,223.3
10.9
10.9
11.6
0.94
0.94 $0.85
$0.85
$0.58
Total__________________
No. 5 (August): Cork............ ......
No. 7 (September):
Cotton bands______________
Burlap____________ ____ ___
General cargo____________ _ _
Total........... .......................
L ine N o. 3
Total, 18 ships_________________ 324,316
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (March):
Steel. _
Pipe _
General cargo__
__
Total............................. ......
No. 2 (September):
Steel......... ............
General cargo.
Total..................................
399
316
127
399
316
127
842
842
462
405
462
405
867
867
63.5
13.3
13.3
9.7
1.37
1.37 $0.58
56.7
15.3
15.3
12.4
1.23
1.23
.65
.65
0.68 $1.18
$1.18
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (January):
Steel..............................
General cargo _
873
130
873
130
Total..................... ...... ........
1,003
1,003
No. 4 (January):
Steel___ ______ ________ ____
General cargo______________
915
105
915
105
Total....................................
1,020
1,020
a Principal commodity: Steel, 17,706 long tons.
130.5
7.7
7.7
11.3
0.68
114.5
8.9
8.9
11.7
.76
.76
1.05
1.05
228
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 3 6 . -P R O D U C T IV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN T R AD E —Continued
Discharging cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
age
gang-hour
man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev per Long Rev Long Rev
Long enue
gang
enue
tons tons
tons enue
tons ton ton
Ships with average efficiency
L ine N o . 3—Continued
No. 5 (July):
Steel
General cargo
-
_
Total....................................
No. 6 (May):
Steel
General cargo
Total_______ ____________
1,086
388
1,086
388
1,474
1,474
821
221
821
221
1,042
1,042
153.0
9.6
9.6
10.3
0.94
101.0
10.3
10.3
11.1
.93
0.94 $0.85
.93
$0.85
.86
.86
$0.61
Loading cargo: Europe
L in e N o. 4
Total, 9 ships__________________ 18,943
18,943
744.2
25.5
25.5
19.2
1.32
1.32 $0.61
13,467
5,476
13,467
5,476
517.8
226.4
26.0
24.2
26.0
24.2
19.0
19.9
1.37
1.22
1.37
1.22
Oil cake__________________
General cargo.. . _________
.58
.66
.58
.66
1.79 $0.45
1.50
.53
$0.45
.53
$0.63
1.18
1.60
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (March): Oil cake..............
No. 2 (March): Cottonseed meal.
2,700
650
2,700
650
94.4
24.1
28.6
27.0
28.6
27.0
16.0
18.0
1.79
1.50
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (July):
Oil cak e__________________
Flour______________________
Hardwood_________________
3,019
88
49
3,019
88
49
130.7
8.7
6.5
23.0
10.2
7.5
23.0
10.2
7.5
18.0
15.0
15.0
1.28
.68
.50
1.28 $0.63
.68 1.18
.50 1.60
145.9
21.6
21.6
17.7
1.22
1.22
.66
.66
140.3
25.6
25.6
21.0
1.22
1.22
.66
.66
$0.54
1.01
.52
Total__ ______ ___________
3,156
3,156
No. 4 (September):
Oil cake
. - ____________
Cottonseed meal___________
F lo u r..................... ................
3,067
500
30
3,067
500
30
Total____________________
3,597
3,597
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January):
Oil cake___________________
Cottonseed meal___________
Flour_____________ ________
Total................ ............ .
No. 6 (March): Cottonseed meal..
1,006
85
29
1,006
85
29
42.7
6.8
1.3
23.5
12.6
23.1
23.5
12.6
23.1
16.0
16.0
15.0
1.47
.79
1.54
1.47 $0.54
.79 1.01
1.54
.52
1,120
1,120
50.8
22.1
22.1
15.9
1.38
1.38
.58
.58
850
850
30.9 | 27.6
27.6
20.0
1.38
1.38
.58
.58
229
HOUSTON (1927)
T a b l e 36 .—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO I N
FOREIGN TRADE-Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Output per A ver
gang-hour age
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev per
Long enue
tons tons gang
Output per
man-hour
Average
labor cost
per—
Long Rev
Long Rev
enue
tons enue
tons ton ton
L in e No. 5
Total, 24 ships_________________ <37,403
37,403 1,624.5
23.0
23.0
18.0
1.28
1.28 $0.63
$0.63
$0.53
.60
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No.*l (June):
Flour.............................
General cargo. _ __________
1,311
84
1,311
84
53.9
3.5
24.3
24.0
24.3
24.0
18.0
18.0
1.51
1.33
1.51 $0.53
1.33
.60
57.4
24.3
24.3
18.0
1.49
1.49
.54
.54
26.4
26.6
26.6
18.0
1.48
1.48
.54
.54
$0.76
Total____________________
1,395
1,395
No. 2 (January):
Flour and rice______________
General cargo______________
596
105
596
105
Total....................................
701
701
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (September):
Flour______________________
Lumber_______ ______ _____
General cargo______________
1,726
155
86
1,726
155
86
Total____________________
1,967
1,967
General cargo_________________
1,399
200
14
1,399
200
14
Total____________________
1,613
1,613
No. 4 (August):
Flour_______________ ______
Cottonseed meal................ .....
103.8
18.9
18.9
18.0
1.05
1.05 $0.76
76.9
21.0
21.0
18.0
1.09
1.09
.73
.73
$0.63
.60
.61
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January):
Flour.......................
Rice____ _________
Cottonseed meal___
1,155
285
275
1,155
285
275
50.9
11.8
11.6
22.7
24.2
23.7
22.7
24.2
23.7
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.26
1.34
1.32
1.26 $0.63
1.34
.60
1.32
.61
Total...................
1,715
1,715
74.3
23.1
23.1
18.0
1.28
1.28
.63
.63
No. 6 (February):
Flour......................
General cargo.........
513
91
513
91
19.1
7.7
26.9
11.8
26.9
11.8
18.0
18.0
1.49
.66
1.49
.66
.54
1.21
.54
1.21
Total....................
604
604
26.8
22.5
22.5
18.0
1.25
1.25
.64
.64
36,747 1,603.2
22.9
22.9
18.0
1.28
1.28 $0.63
$0.63
$0.34
L in e
No. 6
Total, 25 ships...............
«36,747
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (August): Oil cake.......... .
No. 2 (November): Cottonseed
meal................................ ...........
588
588
14.0
42.1
42.1
18.0
2.34
2.34 $0.34
250
250
8.7
28.6
28.6
18.0
1.59
1.59
.50
.50
* Principal commodities: Flour, 29,217 long tons; rice, 3,348 long tons; cottonseed meal, 2,628 long tons.
4 Principal commodities: Cottonseed meal, 14,030 long tons; oil cake, 11,774 long tons; flour, 7,478 long
tons; rice, 1,448 long tons.
230
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 36.—P R O D U C T IV IT Y OP LA BO R A N D LABO R COST IN H A N D L IN G CARGO IN
FO REIGN T R A D E -C ontinued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Output per
gang-hour
Aver
age
num
Gangber
of
hours
Rev men
Long enue
per
tons tons gang
Output per
man-hour
Average
labor cost
per—
Rev Long Rev
Long enue
tons tons ton enue
ton
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
L ine N o. 6—Continued
No. 3 (October):
Flour............... ......................
Cottonseed meal___________
Oil cake___________________
Rice_______________________
Scrap metal......... .............. . .
783
8-50
200
101
51
783
850
200
101
51
Total.... ........ ................... .
1,985
1,985
No. 1 (May):
Hominy feed_______________
Flour.....................................
Oilcake___________ ______
General cargo.........................
295
184
101
187
295
184
101
187
Total____________________
767
767
109.8
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.00
1.00 $0.80
42.3
18.2
18.2
18.0
1.01
1.01
$0.80
.79
.79
$0.58
.66
.71
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January):
Cottonseed meal___________
Oil cake_________________
Rice____ ________________ .
Flour.... ....................... ...........
1,750
832
370
440
1,750
832
370
440 }
Total____________________
3,392
No. 6 (November):
Flour_____________ ________
Cottonseed meal__________
Rice and scrap___________ _
Total............. ................. .
70.1
37.9
40.3
25.0
22.0
20.2
25.0
22.0
20.2
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.39
1.22
1.12
1.39 $0.58
1.22
.66
1.12
.71
3,392
148.3
22.9
22.9
18.0
1.27
1.27
.63
.63
653
630
25
653
630
25
33.3
21.4
1.5
19.6
29.3
17.1
19.6
29.3
17.1
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.09
1.63
.95
1.09
1.63
.95
.73
.49
.84
.73
.49
.84
1,308
1,308
56.2
23.2
23.2
18.0
1.29
1.29
.62
.62
9,836
9.836
454.3
21.7
21.7
17.1
1.26
1.26 $0.63
6,999 655,167
1,837
1,837
1,000
1,000
323.0
90.0
41.3
21.7 8170.8
20.4
20.4
24.2
24.2
17.7
15.4
16.5
1.23 ®9. 70
1. 32 1.32
1.47 1.47
L ine N o . 7
Total, S ships................................
Oil cake___________________
Cottonseed meal___________
General cargo______________
.65
.61
.54
$0.63
78.25
.61
.54
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (March): Cottonseed meal.
287 6 2,903
No. 2 (December):
Oil cake...................................
Cottonseed meal.............. ......
100
6 740
900 ®9,364
Total____________________
1,000 810,104
13.0
22.1 8223.0
14.0
1.58 816.00 $0. 51 7$5.00
41.0
24.4
16.5
1.47
24.4
1.47
.54
.54
$0.70
.50
.86
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (December): Cottonseed
m eal8_______________________
Total____________________
• Bags.
*’Per 100 bags.
100
150
200
100
150
200
5.5
7.0
13.5
18.2
21.4
14.8
18.2
21.4
14.8
16.0
14.7
16.0
1.14
1.46
.93
1.14 $0.70
1.48
.55
.93
.86
450
450
26.0
17.3
17.3
15.7
1.11
1.11
.72
8 Data, except totals, are for_daily or hatch productivity and cost.
.72
231
HOUSTON (1927)
T a b l e 36 .—P R O D U C T IV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABO R COST IN H A N D L IN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo: Europe —Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev per Long Rev Long Rev
Long enue
enue
gang
tons enue
tons tons
tons ton ton
Ships with m in im u m efficiency—Continued
L in e No. 7—Continued
No. 4 (October): Oil cake8___
63,282
81,855
64,622
*2,320
64,242
«1,779
64,459
«1,502
18.0
12.0
24.0
12.0
24.0
9.0
30.0
9.0
000 624,061
138.0
409
232
578
289
530
222
558
182
TotaL
22.7
19.3
24.1
24.1
22.1
24.7
18.6
20.8
6182.0
6155.0
6193.0
3.0
6177.0
6198.0
6149.0
6167.0
21.7 6174.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
18.5
1.42
1.13
1.33
1.27
1.20
19.0
18.0
1.23
.97
1.16
18.2
1.20
20.0
611.40 $0.56 i $7.02
fi9.10 .71 7 8.79
610.70 .60 7 7.48
610.20 .63 77.84
69.60 .67 7 8.33
69.90 .65 7 8.08
67.80 .82 710.26
«9.30
7 8.60
69.60
.67 7 8.33
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (September): Oil cake8___
Total........................
No. 6 (October): Oil cake8
Total.................................. .
109
6 867
146 6 1,171
505 6 4,031
6 894
113
828 6 6,585
8.0
8.0
21.5
i 7.0
,38.3
1,701 613,548
13.6
18.3
23.5
16.1
21.6
6108.0
6146.0
6187.0
6128.0
6172.0
15.0
16.5
17.0
16.0
17.0
0.90
1.12
1.38
1.00
1.27
67.20 $0.89 7$11.11
6 8.90
.71 7 8.99
611.00 .58 77.27
68.00
.80 7 10.00
610.10 .63 7 7.92
82.8
20.6 6164.0
16.7
1.23 «9.80
.65
7 8.16
6 3,481
63,108
6 1,095
6 648
6 2,649
6 462
19.5
16.0
7.0
4.0
16.0
2.7
23.3
25.3
20.3
21.1
21.6
21.9
6179.0
6194.0
6156.0
6162.0
6166.0
6168.0
18.0
17.0
18.0
16.0
18.0
18.0
1.29
1.48
1.13
1.32
1.20
1.21
69.90
611.40
68.70
10.10
69.20
69.30
.62
.54
.71
.61
.67
.66
7 8.08
7 7.02
7 9.20
7 7.92
78.70
78.60
1,490 611,443
65.2
22.8 6175.0
17.6
1. 30 69.90
.62
7 8.08
$0.70
454
405
142
84
346
59
L ine N o . 8
Total, 7 ships.................................
10,349
10,349
504.4
20.5
20.5
18.0
1.14
1.14 $0.70
Cottonseed meal...... .............
General cargo______________
8,745
1,604
8,745
1,604
387.5
116.9
22.6
13.7
22.6
13.7
18.0
18.0
1.25
.76
1.25
.76
.64
1.05
.64
1.05
No. 1 (April):
Cottonseed meal_____ ______
Lumber_________ ______ ___
Sulphur_____ ____ ________
Flour and rice........................
178
163
136
150
178
163
136
150
10.4
22.0
8.6
4.8
17.1
7.4
15.7
31.3
17.1
7.4
15.7
31.3
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
.95
.41
.87
1.74
.95
.41
.87
1.74
.84
1.94
.92
.46
.84
1.94
.92
.46
T o ta l--......................... ......
627
627
45.8
13.7
13.7
18.0
.76
.76
1.05
1.05
No. 2 (April):
Cottonseed meal....................
Flour_________ ________
Corn______________________
General cargo______________
1,500
438
255
112
1,500
438
255
112
53.9
17.7
10.3
8.8
27.7
24.7
24.7
12.6
27.7
24.7
24.7
12.6
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.54
1.37
1.37
.70
1.54
1.37
1.37
.70
.52
.58
.58
1.14
.52
.58
.58
1.14
Total........... ........................
2,305
2,305
90.7
25.4
25.4
18.0
1.41
1.41
.57
.57
No. 3 (June):
Cottonseed meal................... .
Lumber____ _____ ________
General cargo_____________ _
2,001
183
20
2,001
183
20
71.0
26.3
2.8
28.3
7.0
7.2
28.3
7.0
7.2
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.57
.39
.40
1.57
.39
.40
.51
2.05
2.00
.51
2.05
2.00
2,204
2,204
100.1
22.0
22.0
18.0
1.22
1.22
.66
.66
147
1,250
147
1,250
15.6
69.2
9.4
18.0
9.4
18.0
1.80
18.0
.52
1.00
.52
1.00
1.54
.80
1.54
.80
2,114
2,114
100.3
21.1
21.1
18.0
1.17
1.17
.68
.68
1,702
1,702
82.7
20.5
20.5
18.0
1.14
1.14
.70
.70
Total.............. ................ .
No. 4 (June): C ork... _________
No. 5 (Octobcr): Cottonseed meal.
No. 6 (November): Cottonseed
meal_____________ ____ ______
No. 7 (November): Cottonseed
meal...........................................
6 Bags.
7 Per 100 bags.
8 Data, except totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost.
232
G EN ERAL TABLES
T a b l e 3 6 . - PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
F OREIGN TR AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
Rev men
Rev
Long enue
per Long Rev Long enue
tons tons gang tons enue
tons ton ton
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
5,941
5,941
374. 5
15.9
15.9
18.0
0.88
0.88 $0.91
1,094
987
3,860
1,094
987
3,860
45.0
101.9
227.6
24.3
9.7
17.0
24.3
9.7
17.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.35
.54
.94
1.35
.54
.94
L in e N o . 9
Total, 11 ships___________ ____
Flour_____________________
Lumber...................................
General cargo. ........................
$0.91
.59
1.48
.85
.59
1.48
.85
$0.47
1.63
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (March):
Flour........................ ..............
General cargo______________
375
53
375
53
12.2
6.1
30.8
8.8
30.8
8.8
18.0
18.0
1. 71
.49
1. 71 $0.47
.49 1.63
Total. ......... ........................
428
428
18.3
23.4
23.4
18.0
1.30
1.30
.62
.62
No. 2 (March):
Rice_____________________
Sulphur___......... .......... .........
360
100
360
100
15.3
5.2
23.6
19.1
23.6
19.1
18.0
18.0
1.31
1.06
1.31
1.06
.61
.75
.61
.75
Total. .................... .............
460
460
20.5
22.3
22.3
18.0
1.24
1.24
.65
.65
$1. 36
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (January):
Lumber___________________
Cottonseed meal___________
General cargo....... ..............
Total- .............................
No. 4 (November):
Lumber___________________
Rice___ ___________________
General cargo.........................
Total- - ..............................
397
168
46
397
168
46
611
611
57.3
10.6
248
144
80
248
144
80
32.1
11.1
1.6
472
472
44.8
10.6
10.6
18.0
0.59
0.59 $1. 36
7. 7
13.0
7. 7
13.0
.43
.72
2.86
.43
. 72
2.86
1.86
1.11
1.11
51.3
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.86
51.5
10.6
18.0
.59
.59
1.36
1.36
0.65 $1.23
.51
1.57
1.02
.78
$1.23
.51
.78
.28
.28
Ships with average efficiency
. 5 (April):
Lumber..... .............................
Sulphur___________________
General cargo______________
318
121
122
318
121
122
27.2
4.3
6.7
11.7
28.3
18.4
11.7
28.3
38.4
18.0
18.0
18.0
0.65
1.57
1.02
Total..................... ..............
561
561
38.2
14.8
14.8
18.0
.82
.82
.98
.98
Flour........... ................. .........
General cargo______________
250
110
250
110
12.0
7.4
20.9
14.9
20.9
14.9
18.0
18.0
1.16
.83
1.16
.83
.69
.96
.69
.96
Total____________ _______
360
360
19.4
18.5
18.5
18.0
1.03
1.03
.78
.78
. 6 (January):
233
HOUSTON (1927)
T able 37.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN HANDLING CARGO IN
IN TERCOASTAL T R A D E
Discharging cargo
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons *
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
age
gang-hour
man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev Long Rev
Long Rev
enue per Long
enue
enue
tons tons1
gang ton tons1 ton ton i
L ine No. 10
Total, 20 ships............................... 247,180
52,840 2,464.5
19.1
21.4
20.8
0.92
1.03 $0.87
$0.78
$0.58
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (November):
Hfvnnp.d goods
.......
Sugar
Beans
____
Shingles__________________
General cargo______________
1,457
451
216
315
196
1,632
505
242
352
220
Total....................... - .........
2,635
2,951
Sugar_____________________
Beans . . . . .
- .T General cargo______________
1,537
914
221
415
1,722
1,024
247
465
Total____ ______ ____ ____
3,087
3,458
No. 2 (October):
f1a.nnp.rl goods
101.0
26.1
29.2
21.0
1.24
1.39 $0.65
119.5
25.8
28.9
21.0
1.23
1.38
.65
.58
0.71 $1.27
$1.13
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (January):
Canned goods______________
Beans_____________________
Lumber___________________
Shingles___________________
General cargo.............. ...........
806
109
1,360
188
177
903
122
1,523
211
198
Total____________________
2,640
2,957
No. 4 (February):
Canned goods.........................
Sugar.. __________________
L um ber__________________
Shingles___________________
General cargo______________
518
451
1,570
243
166
580
505
1,758
273
186
Total____________________
2,948
3,302
198.5
209.5
13.3
14.9
21.0
0.63
14.1
15.8
20.3
.69
.77
1.16
1.04
1.01 $0.89
$0. 79
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (May):
Sugar________________ ____ _
Canned goods.........................
Lumber___________________
Shingles...................................
General cargo..........................
1,046
621
508
489
228
1,171
696
569
548
255
Total____________________
2,892
3,239
No. 6 (December):
Canned goods.........................
Sugar.................... .................
Lumber.................... ..............
Shingles..................................
General cargo..........................
859
451
166
506
355
962
505
186
567
398
Total....................................
2,337
2,618
154.0
18.8
21.1
20.8
0.90
123.0
19.0
21.3
21.0
.90
1.01
.89
.79
1Short tons.
* Principal commodities: Canned goods, 15,600 long tons; sugar, 13,701 long tons; lumber, 5,743 long tons;
shingles, 5,460 long tons.
66490°-32----- 16
234
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 3 8 . — PR O D U C TIV IT Y
OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN HAN DLIN G CARGO IN
COASTWISE TRADE
Discharging cargo
Week ending—
Out
put Labor
Cargo
per
cost
tonnage Man- manper
(rev hours hour rev
enue
(rev
enue
tons *)
enue ton *
tons 0
L ine N o . 11
Total, 34 ships2__
27,288
45,155
0.60
1,118
734
1,408
960
0.79
.76
$0.76
.79
Ships with m inim um effi
ciency
Aug. 13, 1927Oct. 8, 1927—
754
1,688
1,837
0.45
.48
$1.33
1.25
Ships with average efficiency
Aug. 27,1927Mar. 2 ,1928-
915
724
1,543
1,191
0.59
.61
L in e N o . 11— Con.
Other ships
$1.00
Ships with maximum effi
ciency
Mar. 26,1928.
Jan. 28, 1928-
Week ending"—
Out
put Labor
Cargo
per
tonnage Man- man- cost
per
(rev hours hour rev
enue
(rev
enue
tons *)
enue ton i
tons i)
$1.02
Aug, 5,1927.........
Aug, 20, 1927........
Sept, 1, 1927.........
Sept,;. 10, 1927____
Sept,. 17, 1927____
Sept,;. 22, 1927____
Oct. 2, 1927______
Oct. 15, 1927_____
Oct. 22, 1927_____
Oct. 29, 1927—
Nov.. 3, 1927_____
Nov. 12, 1927_______
Nov . 19, 1927____
Nov. 25, 1927____
Dec. 1, 1927_____
Dec. 9, 1927..........
Dec. 16, 1927_____
Dec. 24, 1927_____
Jan. 6, 1928______
Jan. 13, 1928.........
Jan. 21, 1928_____
Feb. 2, 1928_____
Feb. 11, 1928........
Feb. 17, 1928_____
Feb. 26, 1928_____
Mar.. 11, 1928........
Mar,. 17, 1928____
Mar.. 31, 1928........
934
905
777
836
969
725
486
1,064
671
893
647
971
1,321
691
824
713
594
846
562
502
664
1,129
674
562
1,090
983
408
713
1,811
1,591
1,148
1,553
1,757
1,250
957
2,096
1,230
1,428
1,153
1,529
2,068
1,211
1,313
1,258
907
1,524
782
785
934
1,488
981
927
1,427
1,453
741
1,226
0.52
.57
.68
.54
.55
.58
.51
.51
.55
.63
.56
.64
.64
.57
.63
.57
.65
.56
.72
.64
.71
.76
.69
.61
.76
.68
.55
.58
$1. l.r>
1.05
.88
1.11
1.09
1.03
1.18
1.18
1.09
.95
1.07
.94
.94
1.05
.95
1.05
.92
1.07
.83
.94
.85
.79
.87
.98
.79
.88
1.09
1.03
Loading cargo
L in e No. 12—Con.
L in e N o . 12
Total, 34 ships 2. ..
39,450
40,134
0.98
Ships with m aximum effi
ciency
Mar. 17, 1928........
Jan. 6,1928......... .
727
907
503
699
1.45
1.30
$0.41
.46
Aug. 20, 1927.............
Aug. 27, 1927........ .
Sept. 1, 1927..............
Sept. 10, 1927............
Sept. 17, 1927_______
Sept. 22,1927_______
Oct. 4, 1927________
Oct. 8, 1927____ ____
Oct. 15, 1927________
A/>+ 90 1Q07
Ships with m inim um effi
ciency
Aug. 5,1927Aug. 13,1927.
1,947
1,166
2,918
1,689
0.67
.69
$0.90
.87
Ships with average efficiency
Dec. 24, 1927..
Oct. 29, 1927..
1,555
1,108
1, 587
1,123
i Short tons.
0.98
.99
Other ships
$0.61
$0.61
.61
Nov. 3, 1927________
Nov. 12, 1927......... .
Nov. 19, 1927_______
Nov. 25, 1927
Dec. 1, 1927________
Dec. 9, 1927________
Dec. 16, 1927_______
Jan. 13, 1928............
Jan. 21, 1928________
Jan. 28, 1928________
Feb. 2,1928________
Feb. U, 1928.............
Feb. 26, 1928............
JMar. 2, 1928________
Mar. 11, 1928_______
Mar. 17, 1928_______
Mar. 26,1928.........
Mar. 31, 1928_______
1,246
1,218
1,551
1,492
1,368
1,251
965
861
1,396
1,131
1,497
948
284
1,078
1,160
963
1,018
1,246
1,489
1,332
1,463
1,039
1,002
884
1,013
987
1,090
1,068
21 ship each week.
1,324 0.94
1,236
.99
1,946
.80
1,605
.93
1,715
.80
1,136 1.10
1,075
.90
915
.94
1,294 1.08
1,117 1.01
1,479 1.01
951 1.00
288
.99
1,035 1.04
1,111 1.04
925 1.04
892 1.14
1,073 1.16
1,292 1.15
1,126 1.18
1,426 1.03
992 1.05
795 1.26
812 1.09
1,060
.96
926 1.07
1,084 1.01
985 1.08
$0.64
.61
.75
.65
.75
.55
.67
.64
.56
.59
.59
.60
.61
.58
.58
.58
.53
.52
.52
.51
.58
.57
.48
. 55
.63
.56
.59
.56
235
HOUSTON (1927)
T a b l e 39*—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN HANDLING IN DIVIDUAL
COM M ODITIES
Discharging cargo
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Revenue
per Long Reve
Long Reve
nue Long nue
nue
tons
tons
tons tons gang tons tons ton ton
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
N ew spr in t P aper
Line No. 13:
Total, 8 ships.......................... 4,214
No. 1 (March)........................
No. 2 (March)........................
No. 3 (March)........................
No. 4 (June)_______________
No. 5 (July)_________ ______
No. 6 (August)....... ................
No. 7 (August).......................
No. 8 (November) ..................
442
567
512
485
621
474
557
556
14,720
230.1
1495
1635
i 573
1543
1696
1531
1624
1623
21.9
28.3
21.0
23.1
37.9
28.4
40.2
29.3
18.3 120.5
17.3
1.06 il. 18 $0.75 i$0.68
20.2
20.0
24.3
21.1
16.4
16.7
13.8
18.9
122.6
122.4
127.2
123.6
118.3
118.8
115.4
121.2
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
15.0
18.0
17.0
18.0
1.12
1.11
1.35
1.17
1.09
.93
.81
1.05
23.2 3104.0
15.0
1.54 37.00 $0.90 <$0.20
11.25
11.24
il. 51
11.31
11.22
11.04
1.91
11.18
.71
.72
.59
.68
.73
.86
.99
.76
1.64
1.65
1.53
1.61
1.66
1.77
1*88
1.68
Loading cargo
C otton
Line No. 14 2
Total, 10 ships__ ___________ 15,686 3 70,591
677.5
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January)____________
358
* 556
876
31,613
3 2,508
83,935
14.0
18.0
31.8
25.6 3115.0
30.9 3139.0
27.6 3124.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
1.71 37.70 $0.90 <$0.20
2.07 39.30
.90
<.20
1.84 38.30 .90 <.20
T otal.—. . , ...............
1,790
3 8,056
63.8
28.1 8126.0
15.0
1.87 38.40
.90
<.20
No. 2 (January)____________
266
295
321
3 1,200
31,324
3 1,446
11.0
12.2
12,8
24.2 3109.0
24.2 3109.0
25.1 3109.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
1.62 37.30
1.62 37.30
1.67 37.50
.90
.90
.90
<.20
<.20
<.20
Total....................................
882
3 3,970
36.0
24.6 *111.0
15.0
1.64 37.40
.90
<.20
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (November)__________ 1,050
144
1,064
__
i
!
$
1
41.5
8.0
59.8
25.3 3114.0
18.0 3 81.0
17.8 3 80.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
1.69 37.60 $0.60 <$0.20
1.20 35.40
.90 <.20
1.18 35.30
.90 <.20
2,258 310,158
109.3
20.7 3 93.0
15.0
1.38 36.20
.90
<.20
3 998
3 731
3 801
3 807
3 400
3 459
1 0 .0
22.0
19.3
26.7
24.7
24.2
25.6
19.3
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
1.47
1.29
1.78
1.64
1.62
1.71
1.29
36.60
35.80
38.00
37.40
37.30
37.70
3 5 . 80
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
<.20
<.20
<.20
<.20
<.20
<.20
<.20
22.1
15.0
1.47 36.60
.90
<.20
220
162
179
180
90
102
332
«1,497
8.4
6.7
7.3
3.7
4.0
17.2
Total.................................... 1,265
3 5,693
57.3
o o o o o o o
Total-
3 4,750
3 649
34,759
399.0
i Short tons.
* Data, except for totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost,
a Bales.
<Piece rate per bale.
236
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 39.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Revenue
Long Reve
per Long nue Long Reve
nue
nue
tons
tons
tons tons
gang tons tons ton ton
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Ships with average efficiency
C o tto n — Continued
Line No. 14 ^Continued.
No. 5 (February)....................
324
245
650
305
200
3 1,448
* 1,107
3 2,929
* 1,365
3 910
15.5
11.7
27.3
13.3
6.5
20.9 3 94.0
20.9 3 94.0
23.8 3107.0
22.9 3103.0
31.1 3140.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
1.40
1.40
1.58
1.53
2.07
T o ta l.................................. 1,724
3 7,759
849
3 3,821
74.3
23.2 3104.0
15.0
1.55 37.00
.90
*.20
36.2
23.5 3106.0
15.0
1.56 37.00
.90
*.20
Line No. 15:2
i
Total, 16 ships........................ 29,259 8131,704 1,314.5
22.3 3100.2
15.0
1.48 36.70
No. 6 (September)..................
36.30 $0.90 *$0.20
36.30
.90 *.20
37.10
.90
*.20
36.90
.90
*.20
39.30
.90
*.20
$.90 *$0.20
Ships with m axim um efficiency
12.5
23.3
21.2
22.3 3100.5
25.4 3114.3
30.3 3136.5
15.0
15.0
15.0
1.49 36.70 $0.90 *$0.20
1.69 37.60
.90
*.20
2.02 39.10
.90 *.20
3 7,317
57.0
28.5 3128.3
15.0
1.90 38.60
.90
*.20
No. 2 (October)...................... 2,252 310,133
89.3
25.2 3113.4
15.0
1.68 37.60
.90
*.20
279
591
756
31,248
3 3,161
3 2,908
Total.................................... 1,626
No. 1 (February)....................
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (September)..................
259
380
31,175
31,700
16.5
18.8
15.7 3 70.5
21.3 396.0
15.0
15.0
1.04 34.70 $0.90 *$0.20
1.42 36.40
.90 *.20
Total........... ........................
639
3 2,875
No. 4 (March).......................
22
824
495
352
269
3 100
3 3,634
3 2,237
31,580
3 1,279
35.3
18.2 3 81.9
15.0
1.21 35.40
.90
*.20
1.0
47.5
24.0
18.0
15.0
22.3
17.0
20.7
19.5
18.0
3100.5
3 76.5
3 93.2
3 87.8
3 81.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
1.49
1.13
1.38
1.30
1.20
36.70
35.10
36.20
35.90
35.40
.90
.90
.90
.90
.90
*.20
*.20
*.20
*.20
*.20
Total.................................... 1,962
3 8,830
105.5
18.6 3 83.7
15.0
1.24 35.60
.90
*.20
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (February).................... 2,206
39,970
99.0
22.3 3100.7
15.0
1.49 36.70 *$0.90 *$0.20
No. 6 (March)........................ 1,725
636
873
3 7,763
3 2,874
83,915
61.0
31.0
54.5
24.7 3111.0
20.6 392.7
16.1 3 72.5
15.0
15.0
15.0
1.64 37.40
1.37 36.20
1.07 34.80
.90
.90
.90
*.20
*.20
*.20
T ota l................................... 3,234 314,552
146.5
22.1 399.5
15.0
1.47 36.60
.90
*.20
* Data, except for totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost. 3 Bales. * Piece rate per bale.
237
HOUSTON (1927)
T a ble 39 .—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLING IN DIVIDUAL
C OM M O DITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
Long Revenue
nue Long
nue
tons tons gang tons tons
ton nue
tons
tons
ton
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
C otton —Continued
Line No. 16:2
Total, 32 ships...................... 56,197 3253,396 2,606.8
21.6
397.2
15.0
1.44 36.50 $0.90 <$0.20
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (November)_________
72
80
243
101
145
51
519
» 317
3 360
3 1,100
3 459
®643
3 228
3 2,342
2.8
4.0
9.0
3.7
5.3
2.5
20.0
25.7
20.0
27.0
27.3
27.3
20.3
26.1
3115.5
390.0
3121.5
3123.0
3123.0
391.5
3117.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
1.71
1.33
1.80
1.82
1.82
1.36
1.73
37.70 $0.90 <$0.20
36.00
.90
<.20
38.10
.90
<.20
38.20
.90
<.20
38.20
.90
<.20
36.10
.90
<.20
.90
<.20
37.80
35,449
47.3
25.7 3115.7
15.0
1.71 37.70
.90
<.20
555
483
3 2,498
3 2,175
21.7
19.0
25.5 3114.8
25.4 3114.3
15.0
15.0
1.70 37.70
1.69 37.60
.90
.90
<.20
<.20
Total____________________ 1,038
34,673
40.7
25.5 3114.8
15.0
1.70 37.70
.90
<.20
Total____________________ 1,211
No. 2 (M ay)...........................
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (November)__________
744
600
3 3,350
3 2,700
40.0
47.5
18.6
12.7
383.7
357.0
15.0
15.0
1.24 35.60 $0.90 <$0.20
.84 33.80
.90
<.20
36,050
87.5
15.3
368.9
15.0
1.02 34. f*0
.90
<.20
No. 4 (December)__________
456
67
497
3 2,058
3 300
3 2,230
28.5
4.0
28.3
16.0 *72.0
16.7 ?75.0
17.7 3/9.5
15.0
15.0
15.0
1.07 34.80
1.11 35.00
1.18 35.30
.90
.90
.90
<.20
<.20
<.20
Total___________ ________
1,020
34,588
60.8
16.8
375.6
15.0
1.12 35.00
.90
<.20
Totnl............................. ...... 1,344
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (August)_____________ 1,815
38,167
84.0
21.6
397.5
15.0
1.44 36.50 $0.90 <$0.20
No. 6 (March)_____________
100
569
757
3 450
3 2,561
3 3,404
6.0
25.5
34.5
16.7 375.0
22.3 3100.5
21.7 398.7
15.0
15.0
15.0
1.11 35.00
1.49 36.70
1.47 36.60
.90
.90
.90
<.20
<.20
<.20
Total_______________ ____
1,426
36,415
66.0
21.6
397.2
15.0
1.44 36.50
.90
<.20
Line No. 17: #
Total, 9 ships.......................... 13,928
362,675
960.0
14.5
365.3
20.1
.72 33.30
(6)
(6)
1,262 35,682
38,450
1,878
618 32,780
770 33,464
2,064
39,286
2,286 310,287
1,239
35,573
1,896
?8,537
1,915
38,616
74.5
136.0
44.0
58.8
131.5
163.2
87.0
140.0
125.0
16.9
13.8
14.0
13.1
15.7
14.0
14.2
13.5
15.3
376.1
362.1
363.0
359.0
370.7
363.0
363.9
360.8
368; 9
19.7
18.8
20.0
20.0
21.2
19.6
20.0
19.7
21.5
.86
.74
.70
.66
.74
.71
.71
.69
.71
33.90
33.30
33.20
33.00
33.30
33.20
33.20
33.10
33.20
<J>
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
1 (February)___________
2 (February)___________
3 (March)........................
4 (September)____ _____
5 (October)____________
6 (October)................. .
7 (October)......................
8 (November)......... ........
9 (November)__________
2Data, except for totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost.
(6)
(6)
(0
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
8
/g\
(«)
(«)
3Bales.
<Piece rate per bale
« Cotton hand stowed and screwed.
6 Wage rate for hand-stowed cotton 20 cents per bale, for screwed cotton (stowing with tools) 40 cents
per bale or about 90 cents per long ton for hand-stowed and $1.80 for screwed cotton.
238
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 3 9.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Revenue
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long nue
tons
tons
tons tons
tons tons ton
ton
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
R a il s 7
Line No. 18:
Total, 9 ships.............*........... 11,509
11,509 1,470.6
7.8
7.8
9.0
0.87
0.87 $0.92
$0.92
1.63 $0.49
1.07
.75
$0.49
.75
0.60 $1.33
.64 1.25
$1.33
1.25
0.85 $0.94
.82
.98
$0.94
.98
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (February).................... 2,202
No. 2 (August)........................
619
2,202
619
149.7
64.1
14.7
9.6
14.7
9.6
9.0
9.0
1.63
1.07
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (October).....................
No. 4 (October).......................
517
955
517
955
95.0
165.4
5.4
5.8
5.4
5.8
9.0
9.0
0.60
.64
Ships with average efficiency
No* 5 (April).........................
No. 6 (February)...................
i Loaded directly to open cars.
3,825
954
3,825
954
502.1
128.5
7.7
7.4
7.7
7.4
9.0
9.0
0.85
.82
Port Arthur (1927)
T a b le 40.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COSTS IN H A N DLIN G CARGO,
BY KIN D OF T R A D E AN D IN DIVIDU AL COM M ODITIES
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Ganghours
Operation, line number, and
commodity
Long
tons
Long Revenue
tons
tons
Aver
age
num
ber of
Rev men
per
enue gang
tons
Output per
man-hour
Average
labor cost
per—
Rev
Long enue
Long Rev
tons enue
tons ton ton
Foreign trade 1
Loading cargo:
Europe—No. 1-
22,918
22,918 1,205.0
19.0
19.0
25.3
0.75
0.75 $1.07 $1.07
1.13 $0.71 $0.71
Individual commodities l
Loading cargo:
Asphalt—No. 2....................
Case oil—
No. 3..............................
No. 4....................... .
Lumber—No. 5___________
13,087
13,087
449.0
66,980 2 1,781,370
875.5
83,167 2 2,218,345 1,096.0
35,736 419,854 2,617.0
29.1
25.8
1.13
76.3 2 2,035.0
75.9 22,024.0
13.7
4 7.6
23.1
23.0
14.3
3.32 288.2
3.30 288.0
.95 4. 53
29.1
1 Wage rate: 80 cents per hour.
.24
.24
.84
8.91
3.91
4. 51
8 Per 100 cases.
4 1,000 board feet.
T a b l e 41.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABOR COST IN HANDLING CARGO IN
FO REIGN TR AD E
Loading cargo: Europe
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Output per Aver Output per Average
cost
gang-hour
man-hour labor
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Rev
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
enue
tons tons gang tons enue
tons ton ton
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
22,918
22,918 1,205.0
L in e N o . 1
Total, 22 ships................
Oil cake..........
Flour..............
General cargo.
6,754 i 51,856
3,763
3,763
812,401 12,401
317.5
196.5
691.0
19.0
25.3
21.3 i 163.3
19.2 19.2
17.9 17.9
19.0
24.2
28.3
24.9
0.75
0.75 $1.07 $1.07
i 6.76
.68
.72
.91 2 11.83
1.18 1.18
1.11 1.11
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (January):
Case oil...........
General cargo.
760
45
Total.
No. 2 (November):
Asphalt_______
Oil products___
Total.
760
45
805
337
337
705
705
30.0
26.8
26.8
24.5
1.10
1.10 $0.73 $0.73
12.0
14.0
30.7
24.1
30.7
24.1
25.0
25.0
1.23
.96
1.23
.96
26.0
27.1
27.1
25.0
1.08
.65
.83
.65
.83
.74
.74
2 Per 100 bags.
8 Principal commodities: Oil products, 4,971 long tons; sulphur, 1,080 long, tons; asphalt, 1,133 long tons;
and wax, 1,086 long tons.
239
240
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 4 1 . -P R O D U C T IV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E-C ontinued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
Rev
Rev
Rev men
Long
per Long Rev
enue gang
enue Long
enue
tons tons1
tons tons*
ton enue
tons 1
ton 1
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
L ine N o . 1—Continued
No. 3 (January):
Flour________________ ______
General cargo_______________
Total ........................... ........
No. 4 (July):
Wax
Oil products
Asphalt
444 U0,650
177
177
30.0
25.5
14.8 i 355.0
6.9
6.9
26.0
24.0
621
55.5
11.2
11.2
25.1
.45
.45
1.78
1.78
38.5
13.3
13.3
25.3
.52
.52
1.54
1.54
621
0.57 113.7 $1.40 2$5.84
.29 2.76 2.76
.29
219 1 2,264
235
235
57
157
Total ____________________
511
511
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March):
Oil products
Asphalt
General cargo
415
144
171
415
144
171
730
730
_____
446
291
154
93
446
291
154
93
Total________ ____ ________
984
984
Total .............. ................... .
No. 6 (March):
Flour
Oil products
Asphalt
General cargo
__
______
40.0
18.3
18.3
24.2
0.76
53.5
18.4
18.4
25.1
.73
i Bags.
0.76 $1.05 2$1.05
.73
1.10
1.10
2 Per 100 bags.
T a b l e 4 2 ,—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COM M ODITIES
Loading cargo
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Line No. 2:
Total, 13 ships................... 13,087
13,087
Output per Aver Output per Average
labor cost
gang-hour
age man-hour
per—
num
Gangber
of
hours
men
Long Reve
per Long Reve Long Reve
nue
nue
nue
tons
tons gang tons tons ton ton
A sphalt
449.0
29.1
29.1
25.8
1.13
1.13 $0.71 $0.71
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (December).......... . 1,228
978
No. 2 (January).................
1,228
978
26.0
28.0
47.2
34.9
47.2
34.9
26.5
24.8
1.78
1.41
1.78 $0.45
1.41
. 57
$0.45
.57
241
POET ARTHUR (1927)
T \ b le 42.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Long
tons
A s p h a lt—
Revenue
tons
Aver
age
num
Gangber of
hours
men
per
Long Reve
nue
tons tons gang
Output per
man-hour
Average
labor cost
per—
Reve
Long Reve
nue Long
tons tons
ton nue
ton
Ships with m inim um efficiency
Continued
Line No. 2—Continued.
No. 3 (September)........
No. 4 (April).................
Output per
gang-hour
520
673
520
673
26.5
29.5
19.6
22.8
19.6
22.8
26.3
25.5
0.75
.89
0.75 $1.07
.89
.90
$1.07
.90
1.17 $0.68
1.08
.74
$0.68
.74
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (June)........
No. 6 (June)........
683
1,678
683
1,678
22.5
59.0
66,980 21,781,370
875.5
30.4
28.4
26.0
26.4
1.17
1.08
76.5 22,035.0
23.1
3.32 2 88.2 $0.24 8$0.91
30.4
28.4
C a se O il
Line No. 3:
Total, 11 ships...
S h ip s with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (November) No. 2 (February)__
6,480
6,567
2 172,800
2175,127
79.5
82.5
81.5 22.173.0
79.6 22.123.0
22.9
23.0
3.57 295.0 $0.22 3$0.84
3.47 292.4
.23
3.87
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (December)..
No. 4 (January)....
2 54,362
2 158,924
5,790
5,960
87.5
82.5
66.2 21,764.0
72.2 21,926.0
23.0
23.0
2.88 2 76.7 $0.28 3 $1.04
3.14 283.8
.25
3.95
Ships with average efficiency
lin e No. 4:
Total, 23 ships.......
6,200
3,380
83,167
2
165,289
90,182
2
2
81.5
44.0
2,218,345 1,096.0
oo
No. 5 (February)—
No. 6 (September) _
22.8
23.0
3.33
3.34
2
2
88.9 $0.24 3$0.90
89.1
.24
3.90
75.9 22,024.0
23.0
3.30
2
88.0 $0.24 3$0.91
76.1
76.8
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (April)...................... 4,590
No. 2 (M ay)...................... 4,000
2 122,419
2 106,565
56.0
49.5
82.0 22,186.1
80.8 22,152.8
23.0
23.0
3.56 2 95.0 $0.22 3$0.84
3.51 293.6
.23
3.85
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (September)............. 3,700
No. 4 (Novem ber)........... 2,800
298,638
2 74,602
54.0
40.0
68.5 21,826.6
70.0 21,865.1
23.0
23.0
2.98 2 79.4 $0.27 3 $1.01
3.04 281.1 .26
3.99
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April)...................... 3,650
No. 6 (February)............... 5,275
297,264
2 140,681
48.0
70.0
76.0 22,026.3
75.4 22,009.7
23.0
23.0
&Per 100cases.
3.31 288.1 $0.24 3$0.91
3.28 287.4
.24
3.92
242
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 42.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Output per Aver
gang-hour
age
num
Gangber
of
hours
men
Long Reve
per
nue
gang
tons tons
Output per
man-hour
Average
labor cost
per—
Reve
Long Reve
nue Long
tons tons
ton nue
ton
L um ber
Line No. 5:
Total, 13 ships................... 35,736
*19,854 2,617.0
13.7
*7.6
14.3
0.95 *0.53 $0.84 *$1.51
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (February)............... 1,344
No. 2 (June)....................... 5,805
*747
*3,225
50.5
267.0
26.6
21.7
*14.8
*12.1
16.4
14.5
1.62 *0.90 $0.49 *$0.89
1.50 *.83
.53
*.96
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (January)_________
No. 4 (August)__________
851
1,343
*473
*746
128.5
148.5
6.6
9.0
*3.7
*5.0
14.4
14.3
0.46 *0.25 $1.74 *$3.29
.63 *.35 1.27 *2.20
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April)__
No. 6 (March).
* 1,000 board feet.
4,244
969
*2,358
*538
304.0
61.0
14.0
15.9
*7.8
*8.8
14.1
14.4
0.99 *0.55 $0.81 *$1.45
1.10 *.61
.73 *1.31
New Orleans (1927)
T a b le 43.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y
OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO,
B Y KIN D OF T R A D E AN D IN D IV ID U A L COM M O DITIES
Output per
gang-hour
Aver
age
num
ber of
men
Long Revenue per
gang
tons
tons
Cargo tonnage
Ganghours
Operation, line number,
and commodity
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Output per
man-hour
Average
labor cost
per—
Long Reve Long Reve
nue ton nue
tons tons
ton
Foreign trade 1
Discharging cargo:
Europe—
No. 1....................
No. 2....................
No. 3....................
No. 4....................
No. 5....................
No. 6....................
Latin America—
No. 7....................
Loading cargo:
Europe—
No. 8....................
No. 9...................
No. 10..................
No. 11..................
No. 12..................
No. 13..................
No. 14_____ ____
Orient—No. 15...........
Latin America—
No. 16..................
No. 17..................
No. 18..................
25,480
17,293
34,357
34,395
18,308
11,661
25,480
17,293
34,357
34,395
18,308
11,661
998.2
620.3
1.564.5
1.776.5
940.2
789.0
25.5
27,9
22.0
19.4
19.5
14.8
25.5
27.9
22.0
19.4
19.5
14.8
17.0
19.0
19.0
18.0
19.0
19.0
1.50
1.47
1.16
1.08
1.02
.77
1.50 $0.43 $0.43
1.47
.54
.54
1,16
.69
.69
1.08
.74
.74
1.02
.78
.78
.77 1.04 1.04
11,520
11,520
578.1
19.9
19.9
19.0
1.05
1,05
.62
.62
77,961
145,120
37,910
64,382
19,830
31,784
31,665
27,220
77,961
145,120
37,910
64,382
19,830
31,784
31,665
27,860
4,248,2
8,264.0
1,974.5
4,339.8
1,403.2
2,066.0
2,432.3
1,562.8
18,4
17.6
19.2
14.8
14.1
15.4
13.0
17.4
18.4
17.6
19.2
14.8
14.1
15.4
13.0
17.8
17.0
17.0
20.0
17.0
17.0
18.0
17.0
17.0
1.08
1.03
.96
.87
.83
.85
.77
1.03
1.08
1.03
.96
,87
.83
.85
.77
1.05
.74
.78
.68
.75
.96
.94
1.04
.63
.74
.78
.68
.75
.96
.94
1.04
.62
50,457
59,312
57,062
50,457
59,312
57,062
3,073.4
3,492.9
3,924.3
16.4
17.0
14.5
16.4
17.0
14.5
17.0
18.0
17.0
.97
.93
.85
.97
.93
.85
.67
.86
.76
.67
.86
.76
Intercoastal trad e 2
Discharging cargo:
No. 19.........................
Loading cargo:
No. 20-......................
No. 21....................
No. 22.........................
58,629
365,673
2,977.3
19.7
3 22.1
27.0
19,352
25,285
77,048
3 21,675
8 23,320
386,291
1,324.5
1,668.4
5,620.3
14.6
15.2
13.7
3 16.4
3 17.0
3 15.4
17.0
19.0
19.0
0.73 3 0.82 $0.89 3$0.79
.86 3.96
.79 3.89
.72 3.81
.76
.82
.90
3.68
3.73
3.80
Coastwise trade *
Discharging cargo:
No. 23...............
Loading cargo:
No. 24...............
8256,372 «491,444.0
3
*371,705.0
0.52
3.89
3$1.15
3,67
Individual commodities 1
Discharging cargo:
Bananas *—
No. 25.........
No. 26_____
Burlap—No. 27Bones— No. 28..
47,521
5,118
7 5,022,408 8 2,184.2
7 9,987,808 8 6,005,3
1,404.4
47,521
5,118
361.3
33.8
14.2
•2,299.4 158.8
• 1,663.2 124.5
33.8 19.0
14.2 19.4
1 Wage rate: Union, 80 cents per hour; nonunion, 65 cents per hour.
2 Wage rate: 65 cents per hour.
3 Short tons.
4 Wage rate: 60 cents per hour.
* Man-hours.
1.78
.73
714.48
10$3.11
713.36
103.37
1.78 $0.37
.37
.73 1.10 1.10
« Wage rate: 45 cents per hour.
7 Stems.
« Conveyor-hours.
* Stems per conveyor-hour,
io per 100 stems.
243
244
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 43.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D L A BO R
COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO,
B Y K IN D OF T R A D E AND IN D IV ID U A L COM M O DITIES—Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Aver
age
nu m
ber of
men
Long Revenue per
gang
tons
tons
Cargo tonnage
Ganghours
Operation, line number,
and commodity
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Output per
man-hour
Average
labor cost
per—
Long Reve
Long Reve
nue ton nue
tons tons
ton
Individual commodities 1—Continued
Discharging cargo—Con.
32,972
Cement—No. 29........ 32,972
Coffee—No. 30........... 46,962 11 795,665
Nitrate of soda—
79,684
No. 31_______ ____ 79,684
Newsprint p a p e r —
332,869
29,347
No. 32___ ____
13,552
Sisal—No. 33----------- 13,552
Raw sugar (to refin
302,642
ery)—No. 34--------- 302,642
Raw sugar (to pier)—
106,694
No. 35.................. 106,694
41,633
No. 36.................. 41,638
43,965
43,965
No. 37..................
Bauxite—No. 38
93,556
93,556
Loading cargo:
Cotton—
16 51,719
No. 39................ 11,489
1694,089
No. 40._________ 20,720
Cotton and tobacco—
30,615
No. 41____________ 30,615
Case oil—No. 42........ 8,795 i» 235,190
Drum oil—No. 43___ 8,320
2141,600
Grain—
No. 44
. ___
231,874,509
231, 020,000
No. 45
...........
No. 4624
....... 50,164 231,893,507
33.4
H 666.0
18.0
39.0
1.01 1117.0
1.85
1.85 $0 .43 $0 .43
.79 124.68
44.9
44.9
27.0
1.66
1.66
.39
.39
23.6
31.4
3 26.4
31.4
19.0
18.0
1.24 3 1.39
1.75 1.75
.52
.37
3.47
.37
55.2
23.0
2.40
2.40
.27
.27
45.0 23.0 1.96 1.96
36.3 21.0 1.73 1.73
34.2 23.0 1.49 1.49
14250.8 1* 14.0 17.91 17.91
.33
.38
.44
.33
.38
.44
.81
.81
17. 18
17.18
988.3
1,193.9
33.4
39.3
1,774.7
1,245.3
431.2
5,481.9
55.2
2,370.8
45.0
1,147.8
36.3
1,286.4
34.2
13373.1 14250.8
567.0
1,062.0
20.3
19.5
1691.2
1688.6
18.0
18.0
1.13 16 5.07
1.08 i«4.92
1,378.5
128.5
230.0
22.2
22.2
18.0
33.0
17.2
1.23 1.23
2.07 i»55.30
2.11 2i 10.50
68.4 191,830.0
2i 181.0
36.2
13163.0
13750.0
1411,500.01___
1413,602. C1___
11.67 23440.4
( 18)
(IS)
.39 201.45
.38 22 7.62
.07 25 1.82
i® Cases.
20 Per 100 cases.
21 Drums.
22 Per 100 drums.
23 Bushels.
24Trimming only.
21 Per 1,000 bushels.
i Wage rate: Union, 80 cents per hour; nonunion, 65 cents per hour.
3 Short tons,
u Bags.
12 Per 100 bags.
13 Ship-hours.
14 Per ship-hour.
m Men on pier only; trimming not included,
w Bales.
17 Piece rate per bale.
18 Piece rates: Cotton, 18 cents per bale; tobacco, 50 cents per hogshead.
T a b l e 4 4 .— PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R AN D LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E
Discharging cargo: Europe
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
125,480
25,480
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue ton nue
tons tons
tons tons
ton
L in e No. 1
Total, 12 ships_______________
998.2
25.5
25.5
17.0
1.50 $0.43
$0.43
1.79
1.79 $0.36
$0.36
1.81
1.81
1.50
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (May):
Burlap..................................
General cargo......................
2,068
200
2,068
200
T o ta l...............................
2,268
2,268
No. 2 (July):
Burlap..................................
Coconuts..............................
2,129
59
2,129
59
T o ta l...............................
2,188
2,188
1 Principal commodity: Burlap, 19,246 long tons.
74.5
30.4
30.4
71.1
30.8
30.8
17.0
17.0
.36
.36
F IG U R E 45.— BELT C O N VE Y O R
DELIVERIN G D R U M S O F O IL FR O M
R E F IN E R Y T O PIER.
NEW ORLEANS
245
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
T a b l e 4 4 .—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R AN D LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
FO R E IG N TRAD E—Continued
Discharging cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
per Long Reve
Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
tons tons
tons tons
ton nue
ton
Ships with m inim um efficiency
L ine N o. 1—Continued
No. 3 (February):
Burlap__________________
General cargo____________
2,140
60
2,140
60
Total........... .....................
2,200
2,200
No. 4 (March):
B urlap_________________
General cargo____________
1,681
432
1,681
432
Total.................................
2,113
2,113
96.4
22.8
22.8
17.0
1.34
1.34 $0.49
$0.49
100.1
21.1
21.1
17.0
1.24
1.24
.52
.52
$0.44
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (August):
Burlap__________________
General cargo____________
1,907
544
1,907
544
98.0
25.0
25.0
17.0
1.47
1.47 $0.44
2,231
90.3
25.0
25.0
17.0
1.45
1.45
.45
. 45
17,293
620.3
27.9
27.9
19.0
1.47
1.47 $0.54
$0.54
$0.39
Total.................................
2,451
2,451
No. 6 (November):
Burlap___________ ______ _
General cargo____________
1,699
532
1,699
532
Total.................................
2,231
2 17,293
L ine N o. 2
Total, 29 ships_______________
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June):
Fuller’s earth____________
General cargo____________
156
156
156
156
Total.................................
312
312
No. 2 (August):
Fuller’s earth...... ................
Spiegeleisen ore (bulk)____
General cargo____________
313
222
83
313
222
83
Total.................................
618
618
7.9
39.3
39.3
19.0
2.07
2.07 $0.39
16.4
37.8
37.8
19.0
1.99
1.99
.40
.40
$0.70
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (February):
Manganese ore_________ _
General cargo__________
200
262
200
262
Total.................................
462
462-
No. 4 (April):
Burlap............ .....................
Wire— .............................
General cargo. _ . _
120
101
64
120
101
64
285
285
T o ta l-..........................
21.2
21.9
21.9
19.0
1.15
1.15 $0.70
13.9
20.5
20.5
19.0
1.08
1.08
* Principal commodities: Spiegeleisen ore, 4,943 long tons; fuller’s earth, 3,632 long tons.
.74
.74
246
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 44.— PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABO R CCST IN H A N D L IN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN T R A D E —Continued
Discharging cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
per Long Reve Long Reve
Long Reve
nue gang
nue ton nue
tons tons
tons tons
ton
Ships with average efficiency
L in e N o. 2—Continued
273
273
Spiegeleisen ore__________
General cargo____________
251
501
392
251
501
392
T o t a l...............................
1,144
1,144
No. 5 (June) „ __-
-
-- -
No. 6 (August):
10.1
27.0
27.0
19.0
1.42
1.42 $0.56
39.7
28.9
28.9
19.0
1.52
1.52
.53
.53
34,357 1,564.5
22.0
22.0
19.0
1.16
1.16 $0.69
$0.69
$0.43
$0.56
L in e No. 3
Total, 16 ships_______________
834,357
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (May):
Paper___________________
R ic e ..__________________
Bone flour_______________
Rags and waste__________
Bauxite_________________
General cargo____________
1,007
735
498
191
568
321
1,007
735
498
191
568
321
T otal................................
3,320
3,320
No. 2 (April):
Kainit___________________
Paper. _________________
Rags and waste_____ _____
N aphthalene..................... .
Seeds. __ ______________
General cargo____________
1,331
803
371
272
108
294
1,331
803
371
272
108
294
Total__________________
3,179
3,179
94.6
35.2
35.2
19.0
1.85
1.85 $0.43
126.6
25.1
25.1
19.0
1.32
1.32
.61
.61
0.83 $0.96
$0.96
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (August):
Glauber salts_____________
Crockery________________
Toys.....................................
General cargo____________
246
130
137
257
246
130
137
257
Total.................................
770
770
No. 4 (December):
S eed....................................
Paper...................................
General cargo____________
394
148
156
394
148
156
Total_______ ____ ______
698
698
48.7
15.8
15.8
19.0
0.83
45.3
15.4
15.4
19.0
.81
.81
.99
.99
1.19 $0.67
$0.67
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (February):
Paper___________________
Rags and waste...................
Seeds__ ____ ____________
Kainit..................................
Fertilizer.................... ..........
General cargo____________
1,189
620
714
181
114
235
1,189
620
714
181
114
235
Total.................................
3,053
3,053
135.2
22.6
22.6
19.0
1.19
3 Principal commodities: Chemicals and fertilizer, 9,922 long tons; paper and pulp, 7,746 long tons;
bagging and rags, 3,038 long tons; seeds, 2,539 long tons.
247
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
T a b le 44.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R AN D LABOR COST IN H A N D L IN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE—Continued
Discharging cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve per Long Reve Long Reve
nue gang tons nue ton nue
tons tons
tons
ton
Ships with average efficiency —Continued
L in e N o. 3—Continued
No. 6 (October):
Pig iron_________________
Paper __________________
General cargo____________
500
429
133
500
429
133
Total__________________
1,062
1,062
48.6
21.9
21.9
19.0
1.15
1.15 $0.70
$0.70
34,395 1,776.5
19.4
19.4
18.0
1.08
1.08 $0.74
$0.74
$0.50
L in e No. 4
Total, 23 ships_______________
* 34,395
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June):
Shingles_________________
General cargo____________
612
236
612
236
Total__________________
848
848
__________
240
154
240
154
Total______________ ___
394
394
No. 2:
Rags
_
Hnop iron
29.6
28.6
28.6
18.0
1.59
1.59 $0.50
14.7
26.6
26.6
18.0
1.48
1.48
.54
.54
0.83 $0.96
$0.96
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (January):
Hoop iron________________
Rags (bales)
General cargo____________
147
153
213
147
153
213
Total. ________ _________
513
513
34.2
14.9
14.9
18.0
0.83
No. 4 (October): General cargo.
303
303
25.8
11.7
11.7
18.0
.65
.65
1.23
1.23
$0.75
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (February):
Rags and waste (bales)____
Asbestos (packages)______
Muriate of potash (bags)...
Salts (bulk).........................
General cargo____________
399
320
179
300
39
399
320
179
300
39
Total__________________
1,237
1,237
No. 6 (July):
Asbestos shingles................
Muriate of potash________
Iron and steel.....................
Rags.....................................
General cargo_____ ____ __
1,113
589
730
139
33
1,113
589
730
139
33
Total ................................
2,604
2,604
64.0
19.3
19.3
18.0
1.07
1.07 $0.75
133.3
19.6
19.6
18.0
1.09
1.09
.73
.73
* Principal commodities: Iron and steel, 10,389 long tons; rags and waste, 5,977 long tons; asbestos, 4,873
long tons; potash, 3,801 long tons.
248
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 44.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABO R A N D LABOR COST IN H A N D L IN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E —Continued
Discharging cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
*18,308
18,308
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve per Long Reve Long Reve
nue gang tons nue ton nue
tons tons
tons
ton
L in e N o. 5
Total, 35 ships_______________
940.2
19.5
19.5
19.0
1.02
1.02 $0.78
$0.78
$0.67
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (January):
Rice __________________
Burlap__________________
Beet pulp________________
General cargo____________
516
325
100
120
516
325
100
120
Total__________________
1,061
1,061
No. 2 (March):
Paper___________________
Rice
. _____________
Rags____________________
General cargo____________
480
394
197
198
480
394
197
198
T otal-........................... .
1,269
1,269
47.1
22.6
22.6
19.0
1.19
1.19 $0.67
56.9
22.2
22.2
19.0
1.17
1.17
.68
.68
0.90 $0.89
$0.89
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (December):
Rice_____________________
Seeds____________________
Rags____________________
Paper _ _______________
Nitrates.. ____ 1_________
General cargo. _________
453
406
269
232
100
133
453
406
269
232
100
133
T otal-.................... ..........
1,593
1,593
No. 4 (September):
Bagging.
- _________
Toys
__
Bauxite
_
General cargo.. ________
146
91
296
250
146
91
296
250
Total........................... ....
783
783
93.3
17.1
17.1
51.4
15.2
15.2
19.0 0.90
19.0
.80
.80
1.00
1.00
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (May):
Rice
__________________
General cargo____________
124
12
124
12
Total.................................
136
136
No. 6 (July):
Bauxite.
_____ ________
General cargo.
_______
570
213
570
213
Total__________________
783
783
6.9
19.8
19.8
19.0
1.04
1.04 $0.77
$0.77
39.2
20.0
20.0
19.0
1.05
1.05
.76
.76
« Principal commodities: Rice, 3,554 long tons; paper, 3,461 long tons; rags and bagging, 2,359 long tons;
bauxite, 1,951 long tons.
249
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
T a b l e 4 4 .— PR ODU C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN HANDLING CARGO IN
FO R E IG N TR AD E —Continued
Discharging cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
• 11,661
11,661
Output per Aver Output per Average
cost
gang-hour
man-hour labor
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
tons tons
tons tons
ton nue
ton
L in e N o. 6
Total, 14 ships...........................
789.0
14.8
14.8
19.0
0.77
0.77 $1.04
$1.04
0.95 $0.84
$0.84
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (July): Cork....................
No. 2 (November):
Cork................................. . .
Olives___________________
General cargo____________
T o ta l--.............................
269
269
14.9
18.1
18.1
19.0
0.95
17.1
17.1
19.0
.90
823 ’ 823
181
181
1,099
1,099
2,103
2,103
123.5
.90
.89
.89
0.61 $1.31
$1.31
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (April): Cork__________
160
160
No. 4 (August):
Cork____________________
General cargo____________
362
21
262
21
Total.................................
383
383
13.8
11.6
11.6
19.0
0.61
34.4
11.2
11.2
19.0
.59
.59
1.36
1.36
0.79 $1.01
$1.01
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January):
Cork.................... ................
Olives..................................
Rags____________________
467
275
93
467
275
93
T ota l................................
835
835
No. 6 (December):
Cork.....................................
Olives..................................
909
222
909
222
1,131
1,131
Total............................... •_
55.7
15.0
15.0
19.0
0.79
80.8
14.1
14.1
19.0
.74
.74
1.08
1.08
1.05 $0.62
$0.62
$0.52
Discharging cargo: Central America
L in e N o. 7
Total, 14 ships.... ......... — ........
711,520
11,520
578.1
19.9
19.9
19.0
1.05
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (February):
Manganese ore___________
General cargo____________
232
899
232
899
Total......... ........... ...........
1,131
1,131
No. 2 (February):
Sugar..................................
Coffee..................................
Copra.......... ....................
3,684
205
57
3,684
205
57
Total................................
3,946
3,946
47.5
23.8
23.8
19.0
1.25
1.25 $0.52
149.0
26.4
26.4
19.0
1.39
1.39
.47
.47
•Principal commodities: Cork, 7,459 tons; olives, 2,436 tons. 7Principal commodity: Coffee, 2,156 tons.
66490°—32------17
250
T
GENERAL TABLES
able
44.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E —Continued
Discharging cargo: Central America— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Reve
Long Reve
per Long nue Long nue
nue gang
tons tons tpn ton
tons tons
Ships with m inim um efficiency
L in e
N o. 7—Continued
No. 3 (October):
Coffee..................................
M olasses._______________
175
38
175
38
Total__________________
213
213
No. 4 (September):
Coffee
_- - ____
Logs.
_ _____ ___
300
27
300
27
Total............................. -
327
327
17.6
12.2
12.2
19.0
0.64
27.4
12.0
12.0
19.0
.63
0.64 $1.02
.63
$1.02
1.03
1.03
$0.60
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March):
Soda ash.
_______
Salt
.
..................
Manganese o r e ________ _
Burlap__. . . _____________
General cargo____________
513
200
100
126
146
Total______ ____________
1,085
No. 6 (July):
Soda ash___________ _____
Salt.....................................
General cargo____________
204
100
529
Total........... ....................
833
1,085
52.8
20.5
20.5
19.0
1.08
1.08 $0.60
833
43.0
19.4
19.4
19.0
1.02
1.02
.64
.64
17.0
1.08
1.08 $0.74
$0.74
Loading cargo: Europe
L in e
N o. 8
Total, 38 ships........................
8 77.961
77.961 4,248.2
18.4
18.4
Ships with m aximum efficiency
1
No. 1 (October):
Cotton......................... ........
Tobacco........ ...................
Oil cake..............................
Flour....................................
General cargo..................
9 472
8 71
2,027
274
186
9472
9 71
2,027
274
186
Total.............................. .
2,487
2,487
No. 2 (November):
Cotton____________ ______
Tobacco____ _____ _______
Flour...................................
Rice......................................
General cargo......................
Total...... ..........................
104.7
23.8
23.8
17.0
1.40
1.40 $0.57
$0.57
41.3
30.3
30.3
17.0
1.78
1.78
.45
.45
91,569 91,569
9 39
939
767
767
455
455
26
26
1,248
1,248
8Principal commodities: Flour, 23,449 long tons; lumber and logs, 21,897 long tons; cottonseed meal
and cake, 10,428 long tons.
9 Not included in total, as labor time was not available, handling being paid on a piece basis.
251
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
T a b l e 44.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABO R COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
FO REIGN TRAD E—Continued
Loading cargo: Europe — Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Ships with m inim um efficiency
L in e No. 8—Continued
No. 3 (February):
Cotton__________________
Tobacco_________________
Lumber, p in e .......................
Flour...................................
Oil.......................................
Grease_____ ___________ _
Hardwood...........................
General cargo......................
Total...............................
No. 4 (September):
Cotton.......... .......................
Lumber, pine......................
General cargo......................
Total...............................
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
tons tons
tons tons
ton nue
ton
9 2,324 9 2,324
9 11
*11
499
499
226
226
160
160
100
100
128
128
328
328
1,441
1,441
104.2
13.8
13.8
17.0
0.81
103.9
10.9
10.9
17.0
.64
0.81 $0.99
$0.99
®1,659 91,659
127
127
1,004
1,004
1,131
1,131
.64
1.25
1.25
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April):
Cotton_______ __________
Tobacco..... ........... .......... .
Staves...... ......... .................
Flour....................................
o n .................... ...................
Carbon black____________
Hardwood____ ____ ______
Lumber, pine........ ............
Wax.............. .......................
Copper, pig______________
General cargo____________
9 687
#17
73
411
245
105
185
1,021
100
195
189
9 687
9 17
73
411
245
105
185
1,021
100
195
189
Total......... ......................
2,524
2,524
No. 6 (October):
Cotton.................................
Tobacco_________________
Flour..................................
Rice......... ..................... .
Hardwood...................... ....
Lumber, pine......................
General cargo......................
Total____ _____________
136.4
18.5
18.5
17.0
1.09
1.09 $0.73
$0.73
108.3
18.9
18.9
17.0
1.11
1.11
.72
.72
145,120 145,120 8,264.0
17.6
17.6
17.0
1.03
1.03 $0.78
$0.78
1.25 $0.64
$0.64
»1,160 9 1,160
9 66
966
1,027
1,027
155
155
130
130
690
690
36
36
2,038
2,038
L ine No. 9
Total, 36 ships.............. ............
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (September):
Tobacco_________________
Lumber, pine____________
Hardwood_______________
F lo u r .................................
Corn sirup_______________
Soap____________________
Wax....................................
Woodwork_______________
Cottonseed meal_________
Spelter____ ____ __________
General cargo_____ ____ _
9 217
211
1,255
2,025
343
116
167
369
103
1,001
265
9 217
211
1,255
2,025
343
116
167
369
103
1,001
265
Total.................................
5,855
5,855
275.5
21.3
21.3
17.0
1.25
9 Not included in total, as labor time was not available, handling being paid on a piece basis.
10 Principal commodities: Timber, lumber, and lumber products. 78,078 long tons; cottonseed meal,
cake, and soap, 9,003 long tons; com simp, 7,210 long tons; lubricating oil, 6,951 long tons; wax 3,517 long tons.
GENERAL TABLES
252
T a b l e 44.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
FO REIGN TR AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
tons tons
ton nue
tons tons
ton
Ships with m aximum efficiency—Continued
L ine N o. 9—Continued
No. 2 (September):
Tobacco_________________
C otton __________________
Lnnribfir, pine ,
Timber, pine_____________
Hardwood.... ....................
Lubricating oil___________
Rosin _ __________________
Corn sirup___________ ___
Flour. ........................... .
WftY
Spelter__________________
General cargo__ __ ____
9 31
9 135
187
40
1,335
384
147
162
203
520
500
339
«31
9135
187
40
1,335
384
147
162
203
520
500
339
Total__________________
3,817
3,817
166.4
23.0
23.0
17.0
1.35
1.35 $0.59
$0.59
0.83 $0.96
$0.96
1.18
1.18
$0.78
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (January):
Lumber, pine
Hardwood
Agricultural implements.. .
General cargo
Total____ _______ ______
No. 4 (November):
Cotton
Lumber, p in e ______ ___
Timber pine
Hardwood
.
Rice
_ _ ________
Wax
...
Carbon black . . ________
General cargo
Total........................ ........
91,043 91,043
9 31
931
194
194
148
148
215
215
129
129
686
686
48.5
14.1
14.1
17.0
0.83
159.6
11.6
11.6
17.0
.68
9 1,600 91,600
289
289
92
92
754
754
133
133
164
164
229
229
193
193
1,854
1,854
.68
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January):
Pine
Cottonseed meal
Hardwood
Oyster shells
Staves
Soap
Hogs’ bristles
"Wood work
General cargo
___
-
__
318
600
2,134
230
285
127
160
164
206
318
600
2,134
230
285
127
160
164
206
Total.......................... ......
4,224
4,224
No. 6 (May):
Tobacco
Lumber pine
Timber pine
Hardwood
Logs
Corn sirup
Staves
___
Rice
- ,
Veneer, woodwork, etc.
General cargo
9 343
446
320
1,507
107
486
139
105
457
422
9343
446
320
1,507
107
486
139
105
457
422
Total................ - ..............
3,989
3,989
240.6
17.5
17.5
17.0
1.03
1.03 $0.78
228.8
17.5
17.5
17.0
1.03
1.03
.78
• Not included in total, as labor time was not available, handling being paid on a piece basis.
.78
253
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
T a b l e 4 4 .— PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
F O R E IG N TRAD E—Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation*
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve
per Long Reve Long Reve
nue gang
nue ton nue
tons tons
tons tons
ton
L ine N o. 10
Total, 12 ships_______________
ii 37,910
37,910 1,974.5
19.2
19.2
20.0
0.96
0.96 $0.68
$0.68
$0.62
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (November):
Cotton _ _ ____________
General cargo____________
4,088
296
4,088
296
Total__________________
4,384
4,384
No. 2 (November):
C otton_________________
General cargo____________
4,457
448
4,457
448
Total............................—
4,905
4,905
208.1
21.0
21.0
20.0
1.05
1.05 $0.62
235.5
20.8
20.8
20.0
1.04
1.04
.63
.63
0.75 $0.87
$0.87
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (July):
Cott.OTl
Tobacco. __
__ _ _ _
General cargo__
__ __
218
192
603
218
192
603
Total__________________
1,013
1,013
No. 4 (November):
Cotton__________________
Staves___________________
1,650
64
1,650
64
Total.................................
1,714
1,714
67.7
15.0
15.0
20.0
0.75
101.0
17.0
17.0
20.0
.85
.85
.76
.76
0.96 $0.68
$0.68
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January):
C otton ____ _____________
Lubricating oil
_
Soap ______ _______
Sirup __________________
Lumber, pine
____
3,750
227
146
220
380
3,750
227
146
220
380
Total............................... .
4,723
4,723
No. 6 (December):
Cotton
- ___________
General cargo____________
3,122
511
3,122
511
Total..................... ...........
3,633
3,633
246.6
19.2
19.2
20.0
0.96
194.8
18.6
18.6
20.0
.93
.93
.70
.70
Principal commodities: Cotton, 29,214 long tons; lubricating oil, 1,177 long tons; tobacco, 1,010 long tons.
254
GENERAL TABLES
T able
44 .— P R O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABO R A N D LABO R COST IN H A N D L IN G CA R G O IN
FOREIGN T R AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve per Long Reve
nue Long
nue
ton nue
tons tons gang tons tons
ton
L in e N o. 11
Total, 23 ships_______________
i2 64,382
64,382 4,339.8
14.8
14.8
17.0
0.87
0.87 $0.75
$0.75
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (March):
Cotton__________________
Lumber_________________
Lubricating oil___________
Sirup_______ ____________
General cargo____________
934
435
633
102
108
934
435
633
102
108
Total.................................
2,212
2,212
No. 2 (June):
Cotton__________________
Meal____________________
48
1,000
48
1,000
Total.................................
1,048
1,048
129.2
17.2
17.2
17.0
1.01
1.01 $0.64
$0.64
58.2
18.0
18.0
17.0
1.06
1.06
.61
.61
0.68 $0.96
$0.96
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (February):
Cotton__________________
Lumber................................
Asphalt................. ...............
Cottonseed meal_________
Rice......................................
Sirup____________________
General cargo____________
2,281
531
328
285
200
119
102
130
2,281
531
328
285
200
119
102
130
Lubricating oil_________
Total.................................
3,976
3,976
No. 4 (September):
Cotton__________________
Tobacco_________________
Lumber.............................. .
Starch..................................
General cargo . - _______
291
160
215
109
115
291
160
215
109
115
Total......... .......................
890
890
266.7
14.9
14.9
17.0
0.68
74.4
11.9
11.9
17.0
.70
.70
.93
.93
0.87 $0.75
$0.75
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5. (June):
Cotton.................................
Tobacco_________________
Lumber______ ___________
Cottonseed meal ________
Starch..................................
Lubricating oil___________
Rosin___________________
Glucose_________________
General cargo. ___________
2,395
286
846
151
163
144
218
126
176
2,395
286
846
151
163
144
218
126
176
Total_____ ____________
4,505
4,505
No. 6 (December):
Cotton______ _ ____ _
Lumber____. . . . ___ _
Rice.....................................
Carbon black. _______ _
General cargo _ __ _ _
2,292
255
201
143
53
2,292
255
201
143
53
Total.......................... ......
2,944
2,944
303.5
14.8
14.8
17.0
0.87
197.9
14.8
14.8
17.0
.87
.87
.75
.75
12 Principal commodities: Cotton, 39,114 long tons; lumber, 9,413 long tons; lubricating oil, 2,777 long
tons; tobacco, 1,598 long tons.
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
255
T a b l e 44.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABOR AN D LA BO R COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
tons tons
tons tons
ton nue
ton
L in e No. 12
Total, 20 ships........................... w 19,830
19,830 1,403.2
14.1
14.1
17.0
0.83
0.83 $0.96
$0.96
$0.63
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (March):
C otton _________________
Case o i l ________ ________
General cargo____________
• 1,014 91,014
1,037
1,037
257
257
Total................................
1,294
1,294
No. 2 (March):
Cotton_____
_ _ _ _____
Wax . ..............................
Lime . ...... ........................
General cargo____________
*60
1,140
201
302
960
1,140
201
302
Total................................
1,643
1,643
60.3
80.5
21.4
21.4
17.0
1.26
1.26 $0.63
20.4
20.4
17.0
1.20
1.20
.67
.67
0.53 $1.51
$1.51
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (August):
Cotton__________________
Wax ............... ...................
L im e ___________________
Pipe
_________________
Machinery_______________
General cargo- - ________
«196
566
100
157
202
98
9 196
566
100
157
202
98
Total__________________
1,123
1,123
No. 4 (October):
Cotton__________________
Cotton bands _ _ _
Wax
__________ ____
General cargo____________
Total................................
124.2
9.0
9.0
17.0
0.53
8.2
8.2
17.0
.48
9 2,099 9 2,099
458
458
113
113
116
116
687
687
83.9
.48
1.67
1.67
0.84 $0.95
$0.95
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5. (May):
Cotton __ •
__ __________
Tobacco_________________
Rails..................... ..............
Lime
___ ___________
Pipe __________________
General c a r g o ._________
Total................................
No. 6 (November):
Cotton__________________
Lime __________________
Wax____________________
General cargo____________
Total................................
9 2,181 9 2,181
9 133
9 133
1,324
1,324
300
300
104
104
362
362
2,090
2,090
146.1
14.3
14.3
17.0
0.84
14.3
14.3
17.0
.84
92,744 9 2,744
402
402
101
101
140
140
643
643
44.8
.84
.95
.95
9 Not included in total, as labor time was not available, handling being paid on a piece basis,
is Principal commodities: Wax, 6,738 long tons; iron and steel, 2,673 long tons; zmc, 1,604 long tons.
256
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le
44.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABO R AN D LABO R COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
u 31,784
31,784
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve
Long Reve per Long Reve
nue gang tons nue ton nue
tons tons
tons
ton
L in e N o. 13
Total, 20 ships_______________
2. Ofifi
!
15.4
15.4
18.0
0.85
0.85 $0.94
$0.94
$0.78
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January):
Cotton__________________
Tobacco_________________
Lubricating oil___________
Lumber, hardwood............
Lumber, pine . Carbon black___________
General cargo___________
Total__________________
No. 2 (March):
Cotton ____ ___________
Lubricating oil___________
Carbon b la ck ...________
Hardwood__ ____________
General cargo..___ —_____
Total__________________
»1,661 91,661
«208
9 208
569
569
184
184
255
255
298
298
298
298
1,604
1,604
86.9
18.5
18.5
18.0
1.03
1.03 $0.78
70.3
19.3
19.3
18.0
1.07
1.07
9 1,965 9 1,965
9 85
985
608
608
275
275
124
124
348
348
1,355
1,355
.75
.75
0.68 $1.18
$1.18
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (M ay):
Cotton. ______________ __
Tobacco
Lubricating nil
__ ____
Hardwood_______ _______
General c a rg o ....________
Total__________________
No. 4 (October):
Cotton
__ __
______
General cargo..
Total_______ ___________
9 1,383 9 1,383
9 93
993
396
396
184
184
335
335
915
915
75.3
12.2
12.2
18.0
0.68
47.1
8.6
8.6
18.0
.48
»2,280 92,280
405
405
405
405
.48
1.67
1.67
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March):
Tobacco . . . .
Cotton
Lubricating oil
Rice
Hardwood
Lumber, pine. ____ ___
General cargo. ___________
Total__________________
No. 6 (November):
Cotton
_
.
Tobacco__
Lubricating oil______ ____
Carbon black__ _
__ _
Rice_____________________
Hardwood___ _______ __ _
General cargo____________
Total...... ..........................
989
9 89
9 1,839 9 1,839
283
283
106
106
128
128
539
539
235
235
1,291
1,291
--------
82.3
15.7
15.7
18.0
107.9
15.1
15.1
18.0
0.87> 0.87 $0.92
$0.92
9 1,393 9 1,393
«630
®630
498
498
189
189
396
396
356
356
195
195
1,634
1,634
.84
.84
.95
.95
9 Not included in total, as the labor time was not available, handling being paid on a piece basis.
m Principal commodities: Lumber, 10,412 long tons; lubricating oil, 8,016 long tons; rice, 3,091 long tons;
carbon black 2,563 long tons.
257
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
T a b l e 44 .—P R O D U C T IV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABO R COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
per Long Reve
Long Reve
nue Long
nue gang
ton nue
tons tons
tons tons
ton
L in e N o. 14
Total, 27 ships_______________
is 31,665
31,665 2,432.3
13.0
13.0
17.0
0.77
0.77 $1.04
$1.04
$0.70
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1:
Cotton......................... ........
Lumber, pine......................
Staves___________________
Hardwood_______________
General cargo____________
9121
90
458
449
98
9121
90
458
449
98
Total__________________
1,095
1,095
No. 2 (December):
Cotton........................... .
Staves...................... .........
Hardwood...........................
General cargo____________
9208
1,617
97
4
9208
1,617
97
4
Total__________________
1,718
1,718
56.4
19.4
19.4
17.0
1.14
1.14 $0.70
71.7
24.0
24.0
17.0
1.41
1.41
.57
.57
0.56 $1.43
$1.43
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (March-April):
Cotton_________ ____ ____
Hardwood................... ........
Lumber, pine____________
General cargo--__________
9138
379
52
145
9138
379
52
145
Total__________________
576
576
No. 4 (April):
Cotton___________ _______
Hardwood_______________
General cargo____________
9306
168
149
9306
168
149
Total__________________
317
317
60.2
9.5
9.5
17.0
0.56
35.5
9.0
9.0
17.0
.53
.53
1.51
1.51
0.78 $1.03
$1.03
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January):
Cotton_____ ____________
Staves__ ____ ___________
General cargo____________
9 306
2,076
127
9 306
2,076
127
Total__________________
2,203
2,203
No. 6 (October):
Wall board................... ......
Flour................... ................
Lumber, p in e............ ........
General cargo____________
167
87
1,072
26
167
87
1,072
26
Total__________________
1,352
1,352
166.1
13.3
13.3
17.0
0.78
102.8
13.1
13.1
17.0
.77
.77
9 Not included in total, as labor time was not available, handling being paid on a piece basis.
u principal commodities: Staves, 13,262 long tons; lumber, 11,737 long tons.
1.04
1.04
258
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 44.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R A N D LABO R COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE-Continued
Loading cargo: Orient
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue Long
nue gang
tons tons
ton nue
tons tons
ton
L ine N o . 15
Total, 15 ships.......................... . w 27,220
27,860 1,562.8
17.4
17.8
17.0
1.03
1.05 $0.63
$0.62
$0.51
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January):
Cotton......................... ......
Sulphate of arnmrmm
Lime .
_________ ,
Rails and bars____________
Carbon black____________
General cargo____________
2,288
2,563
249
149
54
55
2,288
2,563
249
149
217
55
Total............................... .
5,358
5,521
No. 2 (July):
Corn____________________
Oats.... ........... ........... .........
Lumber, pine____ ____ ___
421
117
120
421
117
120
Total__________________
658
658
254.5
21.1
21.8
17.0
1.24
1.28 $0.52
29.9
21.9
21.9
17.0
1.29
1.29
.50
.50
0.87 $0.75
$0.75
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (July):
Cotton
Lime__________________
General cargo... _ ____ _
2,376
202
64
2,376
202
64
Total____ _____________
2,642
2,642
No. 4 (November):
Flour___ ______________
General cargo.____________
260
63
260
63
Total.................................
323
323
178.2
14.8
14.8
17.0
0.87
22.4
14.5
14.5
17.0
.85
.85
.76
.76
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (July):
CottonTima____ _____ ___
Rosin____________________
General cargo. - __________
1,037
353
136
8
1,037
353
136
8
T o ta l.......................... ....
1,534
1,534
No. 6 (December):
Cotton.
___ ____ _____
Carbon black____________
General c a r g o . . . . . . . . . . . . _
1,712
37
167
1,712
147
167
Total.................................
1,916
2,026
m Principal
86.5
17.7
17.7
17.0
1.04
1.04 $0.63
112.6
17.0
18.0
17.0
1.00
1.06
commodities: Cotton, 13,925 long tons; zinc, 3,007 long tons.
.65
$0.63
.61
259
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
T a b l e 44.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R AN D LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo: Latin America
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
age
man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve per Long Reve Long Reve
nue ton nue
nue
gang
tons tons
tons tons
ton
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
50,457
50,457 3,073.4
16.4
16.4
17.0
0.97
5,591 172,959
525.6
i844,866 44,866 2,547.8
10.6
17.6
175.6
17.6
17.0
17.0
.63
1.04
L in e N o . 16
Total, 45 ships_______ ____ ___
Lumber
General cargo____________
0.97 $0.67
17.33
1.04
1.03
.63
$0.67
m. 97
.63
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (April): General cargo__
No. 2 (June): General cargo___
1,056
973
46.7
43.8
1,056
973
22.6
22.3
17.6
17.6
17.0
17.0
1.33
1.31
1.33 $0.49
1.31
.50
$0.49
.50
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (July);
Lumber, pine__..................
General cargo____________
186
491
17 59
491
13.8
47.5
13.4
10.4
174.3
10.4
17.0
17.0
61.3
11.1
11.1
17.0
Total..........— ..................
677
677
No. 4 (October):
Lumber, pine........ .... ........
Flour_______ ____ ________
General cargo____________
427
346
397
17 264
346
}
397
Total.................................
1,170
1,170
0.79 170.25 $0.82 17$2.60
1.07
.61 0.61 1.07
.65
.61
1.00
1.00
51.8
8.3
175.1
17.0
.49
17.30
43.7
17.0
17.0
17.0
1.00
1.00
.65
2.17
95.5
12.2
12.2
17.0
.72
.72
.90
.90
1.33 172.17
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January):
Lumber, pine.... .................
Com____________________
Flour......... ........................
Oats........... ................ .........
General cargo____________
94
762
248
178
370
17 48
762
248
178
370
1,652
T ota l................................
1,652
No. 6 (April):
Lumber, pine____________
Corn____________________
Wheat..................................
General cargo____________
24
328
245
153
Total................................
750
8.1
11.6
175.9
17.0
0.68 170.34 $0.96 17$1.91
91.3
17.0
17.0
17.0
1.00
.34
.65
.65
99.4
16.7
16.7
17.0
.98
.98
.66
.66
17 14
2.4
328 1
245
42.7
153
10.2
176.1
17.0
.60
17.36
17.0
17.0
17.0
1.00
1.00
.65
.65
45.1
16.7
16.7
17.0
.98
.98
.66
.66
59,312 3,492.9
17.0
17.0
18.0
0.93
0.93 $0.86
$0.86
1.27 $0.63
$0.63
I
750
1.08 171.81
L in e N o . 17
Total, 26 ships_______________
19 59,312
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (October):
Flour____________________
General cargo____________
1,287
46
1,287
46
Total__________________
1,333
1,333
58.4
22.9
22.9
18.0
1.27
I? 1,000 board feet.
18 Principal commodities: Corn, 18,983 long tons; flour, 4,914 long tons; wheat, oats, and feed, 3,158 long
tons; salt, 2,676 long tons.
19Principal commodities: 18,390 long tons; lumber, 12,632 long tons; lubricating oil, 4,310 long tons; agri
cultural implements, 3,171 long tons; rosin, 1,772 long tons.
260
GENERAL TABLES
TABLE 44.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN T R A D E —Continued
Loading cargo: Latin America— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
age
gang-hour
per—
num
Gangber
of
hours
men
Reve Long Reve
per
Long Reve
nue ton nue
nue gang Long
tons tons
tons tons
ton
Ships w ith maximum efficiency—Continued
L in e N o. 17—Continued
No. 2 (December):
Shooks___________________
H ice____________________
F lo u r ___________________
Tin plate________________
Lubricating nil.
General cargo____________
1,358
1,822
688
263
211
249
1,358
1,822
688
263
211
249
Total...... ..........................
4,591
4,591
i
1
j
I
1
!
222.2 |20.7
20.7
18.0
1.15
1.15 $0.70
$0.70
0.76 $1.05
$1.05
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (July):
Agricultural implements. __
___
Shoots
Lubricating oil___________
1,940
1,180
365
174
115
205
1,940
1,180
365
174
115
205
________________
3,979
3,979
No. 4 (December):
Shooks ________________
Flour
_________________
Lumber, pine____________
General cargo____________
361
139
959
151
361
139
959
151
Total ...............................
1,610
1,610
General cargo____________
Lumber,
Total
290.6
127.5
13.7
13.7
18.0
0.76
12.6
12.6
18.0
.70
.70
1.14
1.14
0.91 $0.88
$0.88
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (May):
Rosin___________________
Case oil__________________
Shooks___________________
Lumber, pine____________
General cargo____________
470
435
303
845
116
470
435
303
845
116
Total............................. —
2,169
2,169
No. 6 (June):
Sulphur_________________
Agricultural implements ___
Lumber, pine____________
General cargo____________
435
320
1,279
318
435
320
1,279
318
2,352
2,352
Total................................
132.8
16.4
16.4
18.0
0.91
140.4
16.7
16.7
18.0
.93
57,062 3,924.3
14.5
14.5
17.0
0.85
9.9 175.6
16.8 16.8
17.0
17.0
.93
.86
.86
L in e No. 18
Total, 39 ships_______________
Lumber_________________
General cargo____________
57,062
12,595 177,195 1.176.6
44,467 44,467 2.647.7
0.85 $0.76
.58 17.33
.99
.33
$0.76
1.12
.66
171.97
.66
$0.47
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (February):
General
cargo___________________
No. 2 (December):
General
cargo______________________
17 1,000 board feet.
1,151
1,151
49.4
23.3
23.3
17.0
1.37
1.37 $0.47
1,950
1,950
98.7
19.7
19.7
17.0
1.16
1.16
.56
.56
261
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
T a b l e 4 4 .— PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E—Continued
Loading cargo: Latin America— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Reve
nue
tons
Long
tons
Ships with m inim um efficiency
L in e No. 18—Continued
No. 3 (April):
Lumber.......... ........... .........
General carg o___________
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve Long Reve
per
Long Reve
nue ton nue
nue gang Long
tons tons
tons tons
ton
368
219
17210
219
41.2
13.5
9.0 175.1
16.2 16.2
17.0
17.0
10.7
10.7
17.0
.63
8.0 174.6
17.0
.47 17.27
Total................ ............ —
587
587
54.7
No. 4 (November): Lumber___
633
17 362
79.1
0.53 170.30 $1.23 17$2.17
.95
.68
.95
.68
.63
1.03
1.03
1.38 172.40
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April):
Lumber......................... ......
General cargo......................
Total............................. .
327
840
17187
840
31.3
49.4
10.4 176.0
17.0 17.0
17.0
17.0
1,167
1,167
80.7
14.5
6.0
17.0
No. 6 (May):
Lumber......................... ......
General cargo____________
322
848
17184
848
30.9
49.9
10.4 176.0
17.0 17.0
17.0
17.0
Total......... ....................
1,170
1,170
80.8
14.5
17.0
14.5
0.61 170.35 $1.07 17$1.86
1.00 1.00
.65
.65
.85
.35
.61 17.35
1.00 1.00
.85
.85
.76
1.86
1.07 171.86
.65
.65
.76
.76
17 1,000 board feet.
T a ble 45.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
IN TERCOASTAL T R AD E
Discharging cargo
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons i
verage
Output per Aver Output per A labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per-num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev
Long Rev per Long enue
Long Rev
enue
tons tons i gang tons tonsi ton enue
ton i
L in e No. 19
Total, 22 ships_______________
58,629 265,673 2,977.3
19.7
22.1
27.0
0.73
0.82 $0.89
$0.79
1.00 $0.73
$0.65
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (November):
Lumber_________________
Canned goods____________
Flour........... .......................
General cargo____________
995
310
100
3,419
1,114
347
112
3,830
Total.................................
4,824
5,403
No. 2 (July):
Sugar, refined_______ ____
Lumber_____________ ____
Canned goods......................
General cargo................. ....
1,804
331
760
634
2,020
371
851
710
Total__________________
3,529
3,952
200.4
24.0
27.0
27.0
0.89
132.8
26.5
29.7
27.0
.98
1.10
.66
.59
1 Short tons.
2 Principal commodities: Canned goods, 19,665 short tons; lumber, 5,890 short tons; flour, 3,153 short
tons; beans, 2,464 short tons; refined sugar, 5,052 short tons.
262
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 45.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
INTERCOASTAL TRADE—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons 1
Average
Output per Aver Output per
labor cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
Rev
Rev men
per Long Rev
Long enue
enue Long
ton enue
tons tons1 gang tons tons1
ton 1
S kips with m inim um efficiency
L ine N o. 19—Continued
No. 3 (February):
Canned goods____________
Flour................ ............ ......
Beans.................... ..............
General cargo____________
734
400
325
1,031
822
448
364
1,155
Total..................... ..........
2,490
2,789
No. 4 (March):
Lumber..
. . ............
Canned goods____________
Beans.....
..................
Flour......... ............... .........
General cargo____________
884
690
275
210
182
990
773
308
235
204
Total.................................
2,241
2,510
157.9
15.7
17.6
27.0
0.58
156.2
14.3
16.2
27.0
.53
0.65 $1.12
$1.00
1.23
1.08
0.83 $0.88
$0.78
.60
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April):
Canned goods. ___ ____ . ^
Flour___________ ________
Beans___________________
General cargo............... ......
1,050
200
160
394
1,176
224
179
441
Total___ _____ _________
1,804
2,020
No. 6 (May):
Lumber__________________
Canned goods. __________
Flour_____ ______________
General cargo____________
216
850
280
356
242
952
314
404
T o ta l..._______________
1,702
1,912
90.3
20.0
22.4
27.0
0.74
86.6
19.7
22.1
27.0
.73
16.4
17.0
0.86
.82
.89
.79
0.96 $0.76
$0.68
$0.45
Loading cargo
Line No. 20
Total, 15 ships........... ..............
19,352 321,675 1,324.5
14.6
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (November):
Oyster shells..................... .
Lard___________ _________
Hardwood..........................
General cargo.... .............. .
500
179
116
590
560
200
130
661
Total...... ..........................
1,385
1,551
No. 2 (May):
Pipe.....................................
Lard.....................................
Lumber................................
Cotton__________ ________
General cargo................... .
867
130
67
116
749
971
146
75
130
838
T o ta l...............................
1,929
2,160
63.0
22.0
24.6
17.0
1.29
1.45 $0.50
108.0
17.9
20.0
17.0
1.05
1.18
.62
.55
1 Short tons.
3 Principal commodities: Pipe, 3,963 short tons; hardwood, 2,383 short tons; oyster shells, 2,972 short
tons.
263
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
T a b l e 4 5 .— PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R AND LA BO R COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
IN TER C O A STA L TR AD E-Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons 1
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gang
ber of
hours
Rev men
Rev Long Rev
Long enue
per Long enue
tons tons1 gang tons tons1
ton enue
to n 1
Ships with m inim um efficiency
L in e No. 20—Continued
No. 3 (November):
Lard____________________
Sirup...... .............. ..............
Lumber___________ ______
Steel__________________
General cargo____________
192
112
156
103
363
215
125
175
115
407
Total...... ..................... ....
926
1,037
No. 4 (February):
Pipe......... ..................... ......
Hardwood_______________
Sirup................ ................. .
Lard____________ ________
Oyster shells_____________
Spelter........................... ......
General cargo____________
200
120
112
246
156
98
516
224
134
125
276
175
110
578
Total...... ................... ......
1,448
1,622
93.0
10.0
11.2
17.0
0.59
118.0
12.3
13.7
17.0
.72
0.66 $1.10
.81
$0.98
.90
.80
0.96 $0.76
$0.68
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (September):
Oyster shells_____________
Pipe.................................. .
Hardwood.... .......................
General c a r g o __________
469
470
279
669
525
526
313
749
Total______________ ___
1,887
2,113
No. 6 (July):
Pipe................................ . .
Hardwood____________ .
Oyster shells.................... . .
General cargo_____ ____ _
240
248
89
546
269
278
100
611
1,123
1,258
Total.......................... .
129.0
14.6
16.4
17.0
0.86
77.0
14.6
16.3
17.0
.86
25,285 428,320 1,668.4
15.2
17.0
19.0
0.79
.96
.76
.68
0.89 $0.82
$0.73
1.02 $0.71
$0.64
L in e N o. 21
Total, 25 ships_______________
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (April):
Pipe.... .............. ............... .
Plate steel........................ .
General cargo......................
1,334
368
316
1,494
412
354
Total_____________ ____
2,018
2,260
116.7
17.3
19.4
19.0
0.91
No. 2 (December): General
cargo_____________________
599
671
35.4
16.9
19.0
19.0
.89
1.00
.73
.65
0.72 $1.02
$0.90
1.03
.92
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (May): General cargo___
260
291
No. 4 (August):
Structural steel....................
General cargo......................
144
198
161
222
T o ta l..________________
342
383
21.2
12.2
13.7
19.0
0.64
28.7
12.0
13.5
19.0
.63
.71
1 Short tons.
* Principal commodities: Pipe, 10,693 short tons; hardwood, 1,712 short tons; oyster shells, 1,466 short
tons; steel plates, beams, etc., 1,132 short tons.
264
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 45.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABO R AN D LABO R COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
INTERCOASTAL TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ganghours
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons 1
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
Rev men
Rev Long Rev
Long enue
per Long enue
tons tons1 gang tons tons1
ton enue
ton 1
Ships with average efficiency
Line N o. 21—Continued
No. 5 (March):
Sheet steel______________
Pipe____________ ________
Hardwood_______________
General cargo____________
188
1,469
230
280
211
1,645
258
313
142.9
15.2
17.1
19.0
0.80
119.0
15.2
17.1
19.0
.80
77,048 586,291 5,620.3
13.7
15.4
19.0
0.72
Total_____ _____ _______
2,167
2,427
No. 6 (April):
Pipe_____________________
Hardwood_______________
General cargo____________
1,462
106
250
1,637
119
280
Total__________________
1,818
2,036
0.90 $0.81
.90
$0.72
.81
.72
0.81 $0.90
$0.80
$0.71
Line N o. 22
Total, 22 ships_______________
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (May):
L a r d ___________________
H ardwood______________
Spelter_________________
General cargo____________
535
254
225
1,789
599
284
252
2,004
Total__________________
2,803
3,139 180.5
No. 2 (September):
Pipe................................ .
Oyster shells_____________
Hardwood_______________
General cargo____________
1,250
500
390
2,388
1,400
560
437
2,674
Total__________________
4,528
5,071 237.3
15.6
17.5
19.0
0.82
0.92 $0.79
19.0
21.3
19.0
1.00
1.12
.65
.58
0.71 $1.03
$0.92
1.07
.96
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (January):
Hardwood_______________
Lard____________________
Sheet steel_______________
Pipe____ ______ __________
General cargo____________
980
459
224
215
1,739
1,098
514
251
241
1,947
T o ta l...............................
3,617
4,051
No. 4 (March):
Lard_______ ____ _____ __
Spelter________ __________
Plate steel........ ...................
Hardwood____ ___________
General cargo ......................
905
325
250
240
1,330
1,014
364
280
269
1,489
Total. ...................- .........
3,050
3,416
302.8
12.0
13.5
19.0
0.63
261.8
11.6
12.9
19.0
.61
.68
* Short tons.
• Principal commodities: Pipe, 18,439 short tons; lard, 11,654 short tons; hardwood, 8,249 short tons.
265
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
T a b le 45.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABO R AN D LABOR COST IN H A N D L IN G C A R G O IN
INTERCOASTAL TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Rev
enue
tons1
Long
tons
erage
Output per Aver Output per A v
labor cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
Rev
Rev men
Rev
Long enue per Long enue Long enue
tons tons1 gang tons tons1 ton ton 1
Ships with average efficiency
Line N o. 22—Continued
No, 5 (January):
Pipe.... .................................
Lard____________________
Hardwood.... .......................
General cargo____________
183
581
456
1,423
205
651
511
1,593
Total. ..............................
2,643
2,960
No. 6 (November):
Pipe.... .................................
Lard____________________
Hardwood__ ____ ________
General cargo____________
600
200
120
2,154
672
224
134
2,413
Total_______ ____ ______
3,074
3,443
191.8
13.9
15.6
19.0
0.73
228.8
13.5
15.2
19.0
.71
0.82 $0.89
.80
.92
$0.79
.81
1Short tons.
T a b l e 4 6 .—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
COASTW ISE TR AD E
Discharging cargo
Week ending-
Out
put Labor
Cargo
per
cost
tonnage Man- man(reve hours hour per
reve
nue
(reve nue
tons 9
nue t o n 1
tons!)
L in e N o . 23
Total, 107 ships...
256,372 491,444
0.52
$1.15
Week ending—
Out
put Labor
Cargo
per cost
tonnage Man- manper
(reve hours hour reve
nue
(reve nue
tons *)
nue ton 1
tons 0
L in e N o. 23—Con.
Weeks w ith m in im u m effi
ciency —Continued
1926
Weeks with m axim um effi
ciency
1926
June 7, 2 ships..........
2,541
1,836
3,981
3,297
0.64
.56
$0.94
1.07
Total...............
4,377
7,278
.60
1.00
Dec. 21, 3 ships.........
2,053
1,388
2,237
3,587
2,499
3,532
.57
.56
.63
1.05
1.07
.95
Total...............
5,678
9,618
.59
1.02
Feb. 14, 2 ships.......
2,555
2,010
4,903
4,718
0.52
.43
1.15
1.40
Total-
4,565
9,621
.47
1.28
Weeks with average efficiency
Feb. 21, 2 ships..
2,351
2,168
4,466
4,191
0.53
.52
Total.......
4,519
8,657
.52
1.15
Mar. 7, 2 ships.
2,533
2,338
4,857
4,584
.52
.51
1.15
1.18
4,871
9,441
.52
1.15
Total..
Weeks with m inim u m effi
ciency
July 31, 3 ships..
Total..
1,444
2,789
2,226
3,278
6,409
4,440
0.44
.44
.50
$1.36
1.36
1.20
6,459
14,127
.46
1.30
i Short tons.
66490c — 3 2 --------- 1 8
$1.13
1.15
Other weeks
Jan. 7, 2 ships____
Jan. 14, 2 ships___
Jan. 21, 2 ships___
Jan. 31, 3 ships___
Feb. 7, 2 ships...........
Feb. 28, 2 snips_____
4,314
4,427
4,665
8,100
5,660
4,179
7,920
8,306
9,382
15,125
10,626
8,704
0.54
.53
.50
.54
.53
.48
$1.11
1.13
1.20
1.11
1.13
1.25
266
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 4 6 —P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
COASTWISE TBADE—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Week ending—
Out
put Labor
Cargo
per
cost
tonnage Man- manper
(reve hours hour reve
nue
(reve
nue
tons 9
nue ton i
tons1)
Week ending—
Out
put Labor
Cargo
per cost
tonnage Man- man(reve hours hour per
reve
nue
(reve nue
tons 9
nue ton i
tons i)
L ine No. 23—Con.
Other weeks—Continued
Line N o. 23—Con.
Other weeks—Continued
1926
Mar. 14, 2 ships____
Mar. 21, 2 ships____
Mar. 31, 2 ships____
Apr. 7, 3 ships.........
Apr. 14, 2 ships.......
Apr. 21, 2 ships.......
Apr. 30, 3 ships.......
May 7, 2 ships____
May 14, 2 ships.......
May 21, 2 ships.......
May 31, 2 ships.......
June 14, 2 ships.......
June 21, 2 ships.......
June 30, 3 ships.......
July 7, 2 ships.........
July 14,1 ship.........
July 21, 3 ships.......
Aug. 7, 2 ships........
5,561
6,002
5,566
8,283
5,019
3,837
5,752
4,048
5,004
4,268
4,277
4,199
4,918
7,483
3,926
2,069
6,734
4,803
$1.13
1.09
1.15
1.11
1.20
1.13
1.11
1.07
1.13
1.07
1.13
1.18
1.07
1.11
1.28
1.15
1.15
10,553
10,965
10,705
15,342
0.53
.55
.52
.54
10,022
.50
7,248
.53
.54
10,599
.56
7,229
.53
9, 527
7,596
.56
.53
8,013
.51
8,156
.56
8,746
.54
13,938
.47
8,417
.52
4,012
.52
12,987
.49
9,764
1.22
1926
Aug. 14, 2 ships.......
Aug. 21, 2 ships.......
Aug. 31, 2 ships____
Sept. 7, 3 ships____
Sept. 14, 2 ships___
Sept. 21,1 ship........
Sept. 30, 3 ships___
Oct. 7, 2 ships.........
Oct. 14, 2 ships____
Oct. 21, 3 ships____
Oct. 31, 4 ships........
Nov. 7, 2 ships____
Nov. 14, 2 ships___
Nov. 21, 2 ships___
Nov. 30, 3 ships___
Dec. 7, 2 ships.........
Dec. 14,1 ship.........
Dec. 31, 3 ships.......
4,772
4,950
5,851
7,645
5,603
2,324
8,147
6,868
5,811
7,653
8,247
5,119
5,169
5,125
7,575
4,729
1,754
5,467
9,294
9,890
11,576
15,847
11,107
4,712
15,117
12,857
11,139
15,135
15,560
9,976
10,287
9,979
14,942
8,563
3,401
9,438
0.51
.50
.51
.48
.50
.49
.54
.53
.52
.51
.53
.51
.50
.51
.51
.55
.52
.58
$1.18
1.20
1.18
1.25
1.20
1.22
1.11
1.13
1.15
1.18
1.13
1.18
1.20
1.18
1.18
1.09
1.15
1.03
Loading cargo
Line N o. 24
Total, 108 ships__
Line N o. 24—Con.
330,588 371,705
0.89
Other weeks
$0.67
1926
Weeks with maximum
efficiency
1926
Oct. 7, 2 ships.
3,466
4,044
3,128
3,906
1.11
1.04
$0.54
.58
Total___
7,510
7,034
1.07
.56
Nov. 7, 2 ships.
4,105
2,482
4,039
2,497
1.02
.99
.59
.61
Total___
6,587
6,536
1.01
.59
Weeks with m inim um
efficiency
Aug. 14, 2 ships.
3,006
1,922
Total.......
June 21, 2 ships.
Total___
4,273
2,309
0.70
.83
$0.86
.72
4,928
6,582
.75
.80
3,136
2,290
4,140
2,835
.76
.81
.79
.74
5,426
6,975
.78
.77
Y/eeks with average efficiency
Jan. 31, 3 ships.
3,102
4,631
2,556
3,352
4,997
3,177
0.93
.93
.80
$0.65
.65
.75
Total......
10,289
11,526
.89
.67
Apr. 14, 2 ships.
2,214
3,052
2,449
3,494
.90
.87
.67
.69
Total......
5,266
5,943
.89
.67
1 Short tons.
Jan. 7, 2 ships__
Jan. 14, 2 ships.. _
Jan. 21, 2 ships. .
Feb. 7, 2 ships...
Feb. 14, 2 ships..
Feb. 21, 2 ships..
Feb. 28, 2 ships. _
Mar. 7, 2 ships. _
Mar. 14, 2 ships.
Mar. 21, 2 ships.
Mar. 31, 3 ships.
Apr. 7, 2 ships. _.
Apr. 21, 2 ships..
Apr. 30, 3 ships..
May 7, 2 ships__
May 14, 2 ships..
M ay 21, 2 ships..
May 31, 2 ships..
June 7, 2 ships...
June 14, 2 ships..
June 30, 3 ships..
July 7, 2ships___
July 14,1 sh ip...
July 21, 3 ships..
July 31, 3 ships..
Aug. 7, 2 ships__
Aug. 21, 2 ships..
Aug. 31, 2 ships..
Sept. 7, 3 ships. _
Sept. 14, 2 ships.
Sept. 21,1 ship..
Sept. 30, 3 ships.
Oct. 14, 2 ships..
Oct. 21, 3 ships..
Oct. 31, 4 ships..
Nov. 14, 3 ships.
Nov. 21, 2 ships.
Nov. 30, 3 ships.
Dec. 7, 3 ships...
Dec. 14, 2 ships..
Dec. 21, 4 ships..
5,623
6,409
6,216
6,999
6,708
7,585
7,030
6,361
7,496
6,968
10,177
5,644
6,320
7,020
5,830
6,314
6,183
5,931
6,265
4,218
9,389
4,893
2,094
7,685
6,183
4,710
5,315
6,356
8,688
6,952
2,422
10,252
7,447
8,457
12,258
7,575
6,779
9,835
10,597
6,328
15,070
6,472
6,874
6,874
7,467
7,224
8,063
7,802
7,029
8,500
8,567
11,602
6,803
6,995
8,179
6,330
7,151
6,718
6,448
6,946
4,845
10,814
5,879
2,620
9,490
7,213
5,582
6,023
7,551
10,124
7,439
2,788
11,953
7,683
10,034
14,539
8,321
6,857
11,534
11,661
6,632
15,483
0.87
.93
.90
.94
.93
.94
.90
.90
.88
.81
.88
.83
.90
.86
.92
.88
.92
.92
.90
.87
.87
.83
.80
.81
.86
.84
.88
.84
.86
.93
.87
.86
.97
.84
.84
.91
.99
.85
.91
.95
.97
$0.69
.65
.67
.64
.65
.64
.67
.67
.68
.74
.68
.72
.67
.70
.65
.68
.65
.65
.67
.69
.69
.72
.75
.74
.70
.71
.68
.71
.70
.65
.69
.70
.62
.71
.71
.66
.61
.71
.66
.63
.62
267
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
T a b le 47.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES
Discharging cargo
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship num
ber, and date of opera
tion
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Aver Output per Average labo
man-hour
cost per—
age
num
Gangber of
hours
Reve Long Reve
Long Revenue men
per Long nue
nue
ton
tons
tons
tons
gang tons
ton
Output per
gang-hour
B ananas
Line No. 25:
Total, 165 ships.
15,022,408 22,184.2
32,299.4 158.8
114.48
<$3.11
116.97
120.63
<$2.65
<2.18
112.
112.26
<$3.72
<3.67
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June).
No. 2 (July)..
116,306
i 40,430
2 5 .8
2 17.2
32.811.4
3 2,350.6
165.7
114.0
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (October) —
No. 4 (December).
121,938
i 20,176
2
9.9
2 8 .0
3 2,216.0
2,522.0
3
183.3
205.8
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (M arch)..
No. 6 (October).
i 22.817
116,256
2 11.0
2 6.5
32,074.3 143.2
32,501.4 172.8
114.49........... <$3.11
114.48....... ... <3.11
Labor productivity and cost, by months
January, 13 ships..
February, 12 ships
March, 14 ships—
April, 12 ships___
M ay, 15 ships--------
June, 15 ships____
July, 13 ships____
August, 15 ships___
September, 13 ships.
October, 14 ships....
November, 15 ships.
December, 14 ships.
Line No. 26:8
Total, 313 ships.
i 325,142
i 333,426
i 481,627
i 419,714
i 424,848
1470,995
1363,136
1505. 208
1351,424
1431,569
i 452,713
1462,606
2143.9
2 176.6
3 232.0
2 196.7
2179.4
2197.1
2 150.7
2 201.4
2 140.7
2 182.0
2189.4
2 194.3
19,987,808 26,005.3
32,259.5
31. 888.0
32,076.0
3 2,133.8
3 2,368.2
3 2,389.6
3 2,409. 7
3 2,508. 5
3 2,497. 7
3 2,371.3
3 2.390.3
3 2,381
31,1
154.6
133.9
152.2
148.8
158.4
159.4
165.9
166.5
162.8
171.1
174.7
1 14. 61
1 14.10
i 13.64
114.34
i 14.97
i 15.08
i 15.12
i 15.12
i 15.01
i 14.56
i 13.97
113.63
‘ $3.08
<3.19
<3.30
<3.14
<3.01
<2.98
<2.98
<2.98
<3.00
<3.09
<3.22
<3.30
124.5
i 13.;
<$3.37
116.0
130.1
121.2
122.7
112.7
119.1
116. 52
111.04
113.50
116.12
116.94
116.67
<$2.72
<4.08
<3.33
<2.79
<2.66
<2.70
1,828.2 119.8
115.26
<2.95
158.1
Week of m aximum efficiency
February, 1926-.
Total .
1 Stems.
2 Conveyor-hours.
3 Stems per conveyor-hour.
i 30,664
115,807
i 39, 762
i 36,594
i 34,346
i 42,281
1 199,454
2 16.0
2 11.0
224.3
2 18.5
2 18.0
2 21.3
2 109.1
31,916.5
3 1,437.0
3 1,636.3
3 1,978.1
3 1,908.1
3 1,985.0
3
< Per 100 stems.
Data, except totals, are for individual ship pro
ductivity and labor cost.
268
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 47.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship num
ber, and date of opera
tion
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Aver Output per Average labor
man-hour
jost per—
age
num
Gangber
of
hours
Reve Long Reve
Long Revenue men
nue
nue
per Long
ton
tons
tons
tons
tons
ton
Output per
gang-hour
Week of m in im u m efficiency
B ananas— Continued
Line No. 26 ®—Contd.
September, 1926___
129,952
111,558
l 34,250
l 21,940
125,864
128,935
217.3
214.5
2 23.8
2 15.5
1152,499 2101.9
Total.
130.2
125.1
123.4
162.6
128.5
124.4
U3.29
111.55
112.17
19.30
18.46
115.01
‘ $3.39
<3.90
<3.70
<4.84
<5.32
<3.00
3 1,496.6 131.6
111.37
<3.96
127.7
126.1
121.7
127.7
132.6
131.3
118.3
112.34
113.09
113.84
113.45
114.76
115.02
U2.45
<$3.65
<3.44
<3.25
<3.35
<3.05
<3.00
<3.61
3 1,677.7 125.5
113.37
<3.37
31,311.2 92.7
3 1,575.0 113.6
3 1,576.5 109.1
3 1,562.3 112.2
14.14
13.87
14.45
13.93
< $3.18
<3.24
<3.11
<3.23
«1,731.3
3 1,444.8
31,502.2
31,513.1
3 1,086.7
3 1,866.8
2 8 .0
2 22.8
Week of average efficiency
June, 1926-
147,723
i 21,133
i 42,592
i 47,237
i 47,554
l 20,711
154,911
3 1,575.0
31,651.0
3 1,683.5
3 1,717.7
3 1,957.0
3 1,972.5
3 1,472.1
2 12.8
2 25.3
2 27.5
2 24. .3
2 10.5
237.3
1281,861 2 168.0
Total.
Labor productivity and cost, by weeks
January, 1926:
Week 1,4 ships..
Week 2,5 ships..
Week 3,5 ships..
Week 4,6 ships..
February, 1926:
Week 1,6 ships.
Week 2,6 ships..
Week 3,6 ships.
Week 4,6 ships.
March, 1926:
Week 1,7 ships.
Week 2,7 ships.
Week 3,9 ships.
Week 4,8 ships.
April, 1926:
Week 1 ,7ships.
W eek2,8ships.
Week 3,10 ships
Week 4,11 ships.
May, 1926:
Week 1,7 ships.
Week 2,8 ships.
Week 3,8 ships.
Week 4,7 ships.
June, 1926:
Week 1,7 ships.
Week 2,7 ships.
Week 3,7 ships.
Week 4,9 ships.
J u ly , 1926:
Week 1,6 ships.
Week 2,7 ships.
Week 3,6 ships.
Week 4,7 ships.
August, 1926:
Week 1,5 ships.
Week 2,6 ships.
Week 3,5 ships.
Week 4,6 ships.
i Stems.
3 Conveyor-hours.
1 93,226 2 71.1
U15,444 2 73.3.........
1173,101 2 109.8
1129,827 2 83.1. ...
1178,001
1195,362
1198,019
1199,454
2 104.8
2124.0.........
2 108.2
2 109.1 .
81,698.5
8 1,575.5
3 1,830.1
3 1,828.2
117.9
110.3
126.0
119.8
14.40
14.29
14.53
15.26
<3.13
<3.15
<3.10
<2.95
i 226,362
i 225,337
1304,066
i 280,533
2 127.7
2 128.9
2170.3
2 160.8
3 1,772.6
8 1,748.2
8 1,785.5
3 1,744.6
119.1
120.3
126.1
122.3
14.88
14.53
14.16
14.27
<3.02
<3.10
<3.18
<3.15
1235,993
i 228,557
1238,419
i 306,338
2 139.9
2121.7
2 131.3
2 166.0
8 1,686.9
3 1,878.0
81,815.8
3 1,845.4
123.4
124.1
130.8
124.9
13.66
15.14
13.88
14.77
<3.29
<2.97
<3.24
<3.05
1261,026
l 271,769
1277,025
i 266,193
2 154.8
2162.1
2 171.0
2 163.4
8 1,686.2
8 1,676.6
3 1,620.0
3 1,629.1
121.5
125.9
126.2
124.9
13.88
13.32
12.83
13.04
<3.24
<3.38
<3.51
<3.45
l 249,323
l 205,795
1281,861
1 364,569
2 154.9.
2 109.9
2 168.0
2 215.5
3 1,609.6
8 1,872.6
8 1,677.7
81,691.7
124.3
128.0
125.5
126.7
12.95
14.63
13.37
13.35
<3.47
<3.08
<3.37
<3.37
1 224,786
i 203,157
i 205,310
i 215,911
2128.8
2115.8
2 121.1.........
2 130.0 .
8 1,745.2
8 1,754.4
8 1,695.4
8 1,660.9
124.8
127.3
124.6
127.4
13.99
13.78
13.
13.04
<3.22
<3.27
<3.31
<3.45
1,596.6
8 1,596.6
8 1,542.5
8 1,778.8
127.9
127.7
126.1
121.1
12.49
12.51
12.24
14.
<3.60
<3.68
<3.06
1179,773 2112.6
1191,754 2 120.1
1132,194 285.7
1171,116 2 96.2.
8Stems per conveyor-hour.
.
3
< Per 100 stems.
6 Data except totals are for individual ship
productivity and labor cost,
269
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
T a b le 47.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo—Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship num
ber, and date of opera
tion
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Ganghours
Aver Output per Average labor
man-hour
cost per—
age
num
ber of
Reve
Long Revenue men
per Long nue
tons
tons
gang tons
tons
Long Reve
nue
ton
ton
Labor productivity and cost, by weeks—Continued
Bananas— Contd.
Line No. 26 *—Contd.
September, 1926:
Week 1,8 ships.
Week 2,7 ships.
Week 3,6 ships.
Week 4,7 ships.
October, 1926:
Week 1,6 ships.
Week 2,6 ships.
Week 3,5 ships.
Week 4,6 ships.
November, 1926:
Week 1,5 ships.
Week 2,5 ships.
Week 3,5 ships.
Week 4,5 ships.
December, 1926:
Week 1,5 ships.
Week 2,6 ships.
Week 3,5 ships.
Week 4,7 ships.
2131.6
2102.2
2101.9
2121.1
31,679.4
31,793.1
3 1,496. '
3 1,637.2
128.7
124.3
131.6
128.2
113.05
114.43
111.37
112.77
<$3.45
<3.12
<3.96
<3.52
1163,673 2 100.6
1200,626 2 122.2
1137,954 2 91.6
1221,658 2 149.4
3 1,627.0
31,641.8
3 1,506.0
3 1,483.7
128.8
129.0
129.8
125.
112.
112.73
111.60
111.78
<3.56
<3.53
<3.88
<3.82
1181,402 2120.2
1195,093 2118.2
1143,415 2 93.9
1131,883
3 1,509.2
3 1,650.5
3 1,527.3
3 1,592.8
127.8
127.7
127.1
128.8
111.81
112.92
112.02
< 3.81
<3.48
<3.74
<3.64
1168.006
i 209,429
i 207,361
1242,683
3 1,537.1
3 1,473.8
3 1,557.9
3 1,671.4
127.1
125.6
126.7
133.3
112.10
<3.72
<3.83
<3.66
<3.59
13.8
19.0
1221.005
1 183,256
1152,499
1198,264
2 109.3
2142.1
2133.1
2 145.2
1 12.
111.74
112.29
112.54
B urlap
Line No. 27:
Total, 14 ships........
47,521
47,521 1,404.4
33.8
1.78
1.78
$0.37
$0.37
2.12
2.33
$0.31
.28
$0.31
.28
1.59
1.58
$0.41
.41
$0.41
.41
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (August)----No. 2 (December) .
1,756
2,065
♦ 1,756
2,065
43.6
46.7
40.3
44.3
40.3
44.3
19.0
19.0
2.12
2.33
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (January)—
No. 4 (February).
4,633
3,827
4,633
3,827
153.4
127.2
30.2
30.0
30.2
30.0
19.0
19.0
1.59
1.58
Ships with average efficiency
4,388
3,237
4,388
3,237
129.8
95.6
33.8
33.8
33.8
33.8
19.0
19.0
1.78
1.78
1.78
1.78
$0.37
.37
$0.37
.37
Line No. 28:
Total, 8 ships.......
5,118
5,118
361.3
14.2
14.2
19.4
0.73
0.73
$1.10
$1.10
No. 1 (January)...
No. 2 (April).........
No. 3 (September).
No. 4 (September).
No. 5 (October). . .
No. 6 (November)
No. 7 (November)
No. 8 (November)
1,213
1,220
471
394
197
921
589
113
1,213
1,220
471
394
197
921
589
113
76.1
87.3
42.6
28.4
10.6
72.5
37.9
5.9
16.0
14.1
11.1
13.8
18.6
12.8
15.6
19.4
16.0
14.1
11.1
13.8
18.6
12.8
15.6
19.4
20.0
19.0
17.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
.80
.74
.65
.69
.93
.64
.78
.97
.80
.74
.65
.69
.93
.64
.78
.97
1.00
1.08
1.23
1.16
.86
1.25
1.03
.82
1.00
1.08
1.23
1.16
.86
1.25
1.03
.82
32,972
32,972
988.3
33.4
33.4
18.0
1.85
1.85
$0.43
$0.43
No. 5 ,
No. 6 (May)
B ones
C ement
Line No* 29:
Total, 22 ships___
1 Stems.
2 Conveyor-hours.
« Stems per conveyor-hour.
< Per 100 stems.
5Data, except total are for individual ship
productivity and labor cost.
270
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 47.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COM M ODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship num
ber, and date of opera
tion
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Aver Output per Average labor
man-hour
cost per—
age
num
Gangber
of
hours
Long Revenue men Long Reve Long Reve
per
nue
nue
tons
tons
ton
gang tons
tons
ton
Ships with m aximum efficiency
C ement—Continued
Line No. 29—Contd.
No. 1 (M ay)_._.......
No. 2 (M ay)...........
Output per
gang-hour
1,356
1,135
1,356
1,135
32.5
29.8
41.8
38.0
41.8
38.0
18.0
18.0
2.32
2.11
2.32
2.11
$0.34
.38
$0.34
.38
1.48
1.62
$0.54
.49
$0.54
.49
$0.43
.43
$0.43
.43
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 8 (September)...
No. 4 (October)____
964
1,971
964
1,971
36.3
67.8
26.6
29.2
26.6
29.2
18.0
18.0
1.48
1.62
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (February)___
No. 6 (November). _
1,044
3,251
1,044
3,251
31.5
97.5
33.1
33.3
33.1
33.3
18.0
18.0
1.84
1.85
1.84
1.85
6 795,665 1,193.9
39.3
6 666.0
39.0
1.01
6 17.1
$0.79 7 $4.68
1.16
1.18
6 19.5
« 19.6
$0.69 ” $4.10
.68 7 4.08
0.89
.88
6 15.2
6 14.7
$0.90 7$5.26
.91 75.44
$0.79 7 $4.65
.79 7 4.65
C offee
Line No. 30:
Total, 22 ships_____ 46,962
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January).......
No. 2 (M ay)............
2,883
1,745
e 48,425
6 29,110
63.7
38.0
45.3
46.0
« 759. 7
6 766.0
39.0
39.0
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (January)----No. 4 (November)
2,819
1,742
« 47,919
« 29,193
80.9
50.9
34.7
34.3
6 592.4
6 573.7
39.0
39.0
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March)-------No. 6 (March).........
1,760
2,955
44^7
75.3
39.4
39.4
6 669.2
6 666.9
39.0
39.0
1.01
1.01
617.2
6 17.2
79,684 1,774.7
44.9
44.9
27.0
1.66
1.66
$0.39
$0.39
1.91
2.07
$0.34
.31
$0.34
.31
1.22
1.09
$0.53
.60
$0.53
.60
6 29,916
6 50,234
N itrate of Soda
Line No. 31:
Total, 14 ships......... 79,684
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (February)___
No. 2 (February)___
3,380
3,464
3,380
3,464
65.5
62.1
51.6
55.9
51.6
55.9
27.0 1.91
27. Ol 2.07
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (April).
No, 4 (July).............
7,887
810
• Bags.
7,887
810
239.5
27.4
32.9
29.4
32.9
29.4
27.0
27.0
i Per 100 bags.
1.22
1.09
271
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
T a b le 47.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COM M ODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship num
ber, and date of opera
tion
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Aver Output per Average labor
man-hour
cost per—
age
num
Gangber
of
hours
Reve Long Reve
Long Revenue men
per Long nue
nue
tons
tons
ton
gang tons
tons
ton
Ships with average efficiency
N itra te op Soda— Con.
Line No. 31—Contd.
No. 5 (January)........
No. 6 (September)..
Output per
gang-hour
8,105
8,800
8,105
8,800
180.0
193.8
45.1
45.4
45.1
45.4
27.0
27.0
1.67
1.68
1.67
1.68
8 32,869 1,245.3
23.6
8 26.4
19.0
1.24
8 1.39
$0.52 8$0.47
1.94
1.41
8 2.17
8 1.58
$0.34 8$0.34
.46 8.41
1.02
1.01
8 1.14
8 1.13
$0.64 8 $0. 57
.64 8.58
19.0
19.0
1.25
1.25
8 1.40
8 1.40
$0.52 8 $0.46
.52
8.46
18.0
1.75
1.75
$0.37
$0.37
3.29
2.59
3.29
2.59
$0.20
.25
!0 .20
1.21
1.49
1.21
1.49
$0.54
.44
$0.54
.44
$0.38
.36
$0.38
.36
$0.39
.39
$0.39
.39
N ewsprint Paper
Line No. 32:
Total, 13 ships_____ 29,347
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (February)___
No. 2 (September). .
832
2,750
8932
8 3,080
22.6
103.0
36.9
26.8
841.2
8 26.8
19.0
19.0
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (February)___
No. 4 (M ay)............
1,958
1,952
82,193
82,186
100.7
101.8
19.4
19.2
8 21.7
821.5
19.0
19.0
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (August)......... 1,566
No. 6 (December). — 3,843
8 1,754
8 4,304
65.7
161.2
23.8
23.8
13,552
431.2
31.4
8 26.9
8 26.6
Sisal
Line No. 33:
Total, 16 ships......... 13,552
31.4
Ships with m aximum efficiency
270
No. 1 (April).
No. 2 (June).
270
486
4.6
10.4
59.2
46.6
59.2
46.6
18.0
18.0
.25
Ships with m inim um efficiency
892
1,087
No. 3 (J u ly).....
No. 4 (October).
892
1,087
40.9
40.6
21.8
26.8
21.8
26.8
18.0
18.0
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (M ay)............
No. 6 (October).......
466
428
15.0
13.1
31.1
32.6
31.1
32.6
18.0
18.0
1.73
1.81
1.73
1.81
302,642 5,481.9
55.2
55.2
23.0
2.40
2.40 $0.27
466
428
R aw Sugar
Line No. 34:»
Total, 72 ships....... . 302,642
$0.27
Ships with m aximum efficiency
3,832
5,**0
No. 1 (April)_____
No. 2 (November).
* Short tons.
3,832
5,440
59.8
67.8
64.2
80.3
64.2
80.3
23.0
23.0
2.79
3.49
•Discharged to refinery.
2.79
3.49
$0.23
.19
10.23
.19
272
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 47.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COM M ODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship num
ber, and date of opera
tion
Long
tons
num
Ganghours
ber of
Reve
Long Revenue men
per Long nue
tons
tons
gang tons tons
Revenue
tons
Long Reve
nue
ton
ton
Ships with m inim um efficiency
R a w S u g a r — Contd.
Line No. 3 4 Contd.
No. 3 (March)_____
No. 4 (November). .
Aver Output per Average labor
man-hour
cost per—
age
3,025
3,275
3,025
3,275
39.3
35.7
76.8
91.7
39.3
35.7
23.0
23.0
1.71
1.55
1.71
1.55
$0.38
.42
$0.38
.42
2.39
2.39
$0.27
.27
$0.27
.27
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (May)—
No. 6 (May)__
4,730
3,833
4,730
3,833
85.8
69.7
55.0
55.0
55.0
55.0
23.0
23.0
2.39
2.39
Labor productivity and cost, by months
January, 4 ships...
February, 7 ships..
March, 6 ships___
April, 10 ships____
May, 7 sh ips.......
June, 6 ships_____
July, 2 ships-------August, 8 ships---September, 4 ships
October, 8 ships...
November, 8 ships.
December, 2 ships.
14,766
33,182
26,726
39,987
37.503
27,598
10,306
30,249
17,529
32,554
27,199
5,043
304.1
633.5
501.5
660.0
664.3
471.6
176.1
552.8
348.7
587.0
484.2
98.1
48.6
52.4
53.3
60.6
56.5
58.5
58.5
54.7
50.3
55.5
56.2
51.4
48.6
52.4
53.3
60.6
56.5
58.5
58.5
54.7
50.3
55.5
56.2
51.4
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
2.11
2.28
2.32
2.64
2.45
2.54
2.54
2.38
2.19
2.41
2.44
2.23
2.11
2.28
2.32
2.64
2.45
2.54
2.54
2.38
2.19
2.41
2.44
2.23
$0.31
.29
.28
.25
.27
.26
.26
.27
.30
.27
.27
.29
$0.31
.29
.28
.25
.27
.26
.26
.27
.30
.27
.27
.29
106,694 2,370.8
45.0
45.0
23.0
1.96
1.96
$0.33
$0.33
2.31
2.34
$0.28
.28
$0.28
.28
1.61
1.61
$0.40
.40
$0.40
.40
1.92
2.00
$0.34
.33
$0.34
.33
1.93
1.91
1.77
2.01
2.13
2.10
1.94
1.84
2.03
2.10
1.87
1.84
$0.34
.34
.37
.32
.31
.31
.34
.35
.32
.31
.35
.35
$0.34
.34
.37
.32
.31
.31
.34
.35
.32
.31
.35
.35
14,766
33,182
26,726
39,987
37.503
27,598
10,306
30,249
17,529
32,554
27,199
5,043
Line No. 35: »#
Total, 36 ships.
106,694
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June).
No. 2 (July)..
2,948
2,336
2,948
2,336
55.5
43.3
53.1
52.8
53.1
53.8
23.0
23.0
2.31
2.34
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (March)..
No. 4 (August)..
3,232
3,400
3,232
3,400
87.5
91.8
37.0
37.0
37.0
37.0
23.0
23.0
1.61
1.61
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (February) .
No. 6 (October). . .
3,512
3,477
3,512
3,477
79.7
75.6
44.2
46.0
44.2
46.0
23.0
23.0
1.92
2.00
Labor productivity and cost, by months
January, 2 ships----February, 4 ships. _.
March, 5 ships____
April, 5 ships..........
May, 4 ships...........
June, 3 ships______
July, 4 sh ips......... .
August, 2 ships____
September, 2 ships..
October, 3 ships___
November, 1 ship..,
December, 1 ship...
5,937
10,697
15,225
15, 748
11,201
8,169
9,638
7,033
5,362
10,830
2,960
3,894
5,937
10,697
15.225
15,748
11,201
8,169
9,638
7,033
5,362
10,830
2,960
3,894
• Discharged to refinery.
133.9
243.4
372.8
340.5
228.4
169.5
216.4
166.3
114.7
224.0
68.8
92.1
44.3
43.9
40.8
46.2
49 0
48.2
44.5
42.3
46.7
48.3
43.0
42.3
44.3
43.9
40.8
46.2
49.0
48.2
44.5
42.3
46.7
48.3
43.0
42.3
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
1.93
1.91
1.77
2.01
2.13
2.10
1.94
1.84
2.03
2.10
1.87
1.84
10 Discharged to pier.
273
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
T a b l e 47.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COM M O DITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship num
ber, and date of opera
tion
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Output per
gang-hour
Aver Output per Average labor
man-hour
cost per-^
age
num
Gangber of
hours
Reve Long Reve
Long Revenue men
per Long nue
nue
ton
tons
tons
gang tons tons
ton
R aw Sugar—Coutd.
Line No. 36: io
Total, 12 ships......... 41,638
41,638 1,147.8
36.3
36.3
21.0
1.73
1.73
$0.38
$0.38
2.14
2.05
$0.30
.32
$0.30
.32
1.47
1.44
$0.44
.45
$0.44
.45
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (May)_______
No. 2 (August).........
3,169
3,316
3,169
3,316
70.5
77.0
44.9
43.1
44.9
43.1
21.0
21.0
2.14
2.05
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (October).......
No. 4. (October)___
3,407
3,464
3,407
3,454
110.2
113.9
30.9
30.2
30.9
30.2
21.0
21.0
1.47
1.44
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (July).............
No. 6 (September)..
3,040
3,077
Line No. 37:
Total, 22 ships......... 43,966
85.8
86.6
35.5
35.5
35.5
35.5
21.0
21.0
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.69
$0.38
.38
$0.38
.38
43,965 1,286.4
34.2
34.2
23.0
1.49
1.49
$0.44
$0.44
1 60
1.75
$0.41
.37
$0.41
.37
1.30
1.21
1.30
1.21
$0.50
.54
$0.50
.54
1.50
1.49
1.50
1.49
$0.43
.44
$0.43
.44
14.0 17.91
17.91
3,040
3,077
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (February)___
No. 2 (August)........
1,979
2,896
1,979
2,896
53.8
71.9
36.8
40.3
36.8
40.3
23.0
23.0
1. 60
1.75
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (September)__
No. 4 (November). . .
2,267
1,016
2,267
1,016
75.8
36.5
29.9
27.8
29.9
27.8
23.0
23.0
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January)........
No. 6 (April)............
1,048
1,669
1,048
1,659
34.5
34.3
34.5
34.3
93,556 « 373.1 13250.8
13250.8
30.3
48.4
23.0
23.0
B auxite 11
Line No. 38:
Total, 36 ships......... 93,556
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (October)____
No. 2 (M ay).............
3,058
2,536
3,058
2,636
12 9.1 13336.8
12 7.6 13334.6
13336.8
13334. 6
14.0 24.06
14.0 23.90
24.06
23.90
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (November)__
No. 4 (July)..............
2,474
2,495
10 Discharged to pier.
2,474
2,495
12 21.5 13115.1
1215.3 13163.6
11 Trimming hot included.
13 115.1
13163.6
14.0 8.22
14.0 11.69
12 Ship-hours.
8.22
11.69
13 Per ship-hour.
GENERAL TABLES
2 /4
T ab le 47.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN HAN DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COM M O DITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Aver Output per Average labor
man-hour
cost per—
age
num
Gangber
of
hours
Long Revenue men Long Reve Long Reve
per
nue
nue
tons
tons
ton
gang tons tons
ton
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship num
ber, and date of opera
tion
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Ships with average efficiency
Bauxite » —Contd.
Line No. 38—Contd.
No. 5 (November)—
No. 6 (April)............
2,595
2,628
2,595
2,628
1210.3 13251.2
1210.6 13248.4
13 251.2
13248.4
14.0 17.94
14.0 17.74
17.94
17.74
Loading cargo
C otton
Line No. 39: “
Total, 14 ships.........
11,489
i* 51,719
567.0
20.3
1591.2
18.0
3.13
15 5.07
$0.81 16$0.18
1.40
1.33
1.24
15 6.33
15 5.88
15 5. 56
$0.83 16 $0.18
.81 16.18
.81 16.18
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (February)___
316
141
178
i« 1,424
i« 635
i* 801
12.5
6.0
8.0
25.3
23.5
22.3
is 113.9
is 105.8
15 100.1
18.0
18.0
18.0
Total.....................
635
15 2,860
26.5
24.0
15107.9
18.0
1.33
15 6.00
.81
16.18
No. 2 (February)___
177
542
171
i« 796
162,437
i«769
8.0
17.5
5.0
22.1
31.0
34.2
15 99.5
15139.3
15153. 8
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.23
1.72
1.90
15 5.53
157.74
158.54
.81
.81
.81
16.18
16.18
16.18
Total.....................
890
i« 4,002
30.5
29.2
15131. 2
18.0
1.62
15 7.27
.83
16.38
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (January).......
430
242
498
181,936
1* 1,091
is 2,241
32.0
24.0
21.0
13.4
10.1
23.7
15 60.5
1545. 5
15106.7
18.0
18.0
18.0
.75
.56
1.32
15 3. 36
152.53
155.93
$0.83 16$0.18
.81 16.18
.81 16.18
Total......................
1,170
15 5,268
77.0
15.2
15 68.4
18.0
.84
153.90
.81
16.18
No. 4 (March).........
255
608
151,147
15 2,738
16.0
30.0
15.9
20.3
15 71.7
1591.3
18.0
18.0
.88
1.13
153.98
15 5.07
.81
.81
16.18
16.18
Total.....................
863
15 3,885
46.0
18.8
1584.5
18.0
1.04
154. 70
.81
16.18
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January)___
Total.....................
No. 6 (M ay)......... .
Total......................
h
18.0
18.0
38.0
1.22
1.03
1.27
15 5.52
154.63
15 5.72
18.0
1.14
15 5.12
.81
16.18
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.10
1.08
1.16
15493
154.86
15 5.22
.81
.81
.81
16.18
16.18
16.18
1.32
16 5.03
.81
16.18
618
695
275
15 2,783
15 3,126
151,236
28.0
37.5
12.0
22.1
18.5
22.9
15 99.4
15 83.4
15103.0
1,588
15 7,145
77.5
20.5
1592.2
99
311
334
15444
151,401
151,504
5.0
16.0
16.0
19.8
19.4
20.9
1588.8
is 87.6
1594.0
744
is 3,349
37.0
20.1
15 90.5
18.0
$0.81 16$0.18
.81 16.18
.81 16.18
11 Trimming not included.
12 Ship-hours.
w Per ship-huor.
Data, except totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost. 15 Bales. w Piece rate per bale.
275
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
T a b le 4 7 .—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLING IN DIVIDUAL
COM M ODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship num
ber, and date of opera
tion
Long
tons
C otton—Continued
Line No. 40: i«
Total, 14 ships_____ 20,720
Revenue
tons
Output per
gang-hour
Aver Output per Average labor
man-hour
cost per—
age
num
Gangber of
hours
Long Reve Long Reve
Long Revenue men
per
nue
nue
ton
tons
tons
gang tons
tons
ton
1594,089 1,062.0
19.5
1588.6
18.0
1.08
154.92
$0.81 16$0.18
155.70
155.78
15 6.17
15 5.36
15 5.67
15 4.74
$0.81 16 $0.18
16. 18
.81
.81
16.18
.81
16.18
16.18
.81
.81
16.18
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (September). -
Tntal
No. 2 (October).......
Total
15102.7
16104.0
15 111. 1
15 96.5
15102.0
1585.4
339
103
293
573
612
769
*» 1,540
W468
15 1,333
i«2,605
i« 2,754
i«3,286
15.0
4.5
12.0
27.0
27.0
38.5
2,689
1611,986
124.0
21.7
15 96.7
18.0
1.20
is 5.37
.81
16.18
639
804
544
417
15 2,902
15 3,656
15 2,493
151,998
28.0
38.5
24.5
21.0
22.8
20.9
22.2
19.9
15103.6
15 95.0
is 101.8
1595.1
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.27
1.16
1.23
1.10
is 5.76
155.28
is 5.65
155.29
.81
.81
.81
.81
16.18
16.18
16.18
16.18
2,404
15 11,049
112.0
21.5
1598.7
18.0
1.19
15 5.48
.81
16.18
22.6
22.9
24.4
21.2
22.7
20.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.26
1.27
1.36
1.18
1.26
1.11
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (A p ril)______
Total ...
No. 4 (December)—
Total ____
162
170
174
152
15 733
15 767
16 790
15683
11.5
11.5
9.5
10.5
14.1
14.8
18.3
14.5
15 63.7
15 66.7
1583.2
15 65.1
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
0.78
.82
1.02
.80
15 3.54 $0.81 16$0.18
15 3.71
.81 16.18
is 4.62
.81 16.18
153.61 • .81 16.18
658
15 2,973
43.0
15.3
1569.1
18.0
.85
15 3.84
.81
16.18
658
497
626
222
15 3,000
15 2,258
15 2,842
151,012
46.0
32.5
32.0
14.5
14.3
15.3
19.6
15.3
15 65.2
15 69.5
1588.8
1669.8
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
.79
.85
1.09
.85
153.62
is 3.86
154.93
15 3.88
.81
.81
.81
.81
16.18
16.18
16.18
16.18
2,003
15 9,112
125.0
16.0
16 72.9
18.0
.89
154.05
.81
16.18
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (February)__
nVv+al
iotai— - — -----No. 6 (November) _ _
TofcaL................ .
66
329
137
234
15 300
16 1,493
15 576
161,063
3.0
16.0
8.0
13.0
22.0
20.6
17.1
18.0
15 100.0
15 93.3
15 72.0
1681.8
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.22
1.14
.95
1.00
is 5.56
15 5.18
154.00
154.54
766
153,432
40.0
19.2
1585.8
18.0
1.06
154.77
.81
16.18
680
191
261
306
502
717
15 3,092
15868
151,177
15 1,386
15 2,278
153,226
31.5
9.5
14.5
19.0
23.0
39.0
21.6
20.1
18.0
16.1
21.8
18.4
1598.2
15 91.4
1581.2
15 73.0
1599.0
1582.7
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.20
1.12
1.00
.89
1.21
1.02
15 5.45
15 5.08
154.51
15 4.05
155.50
15 4.59
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
.81
16.18
16.18
16.18
16.18
16.18
16.18
2,657
15 12,027
136.5
19.5
15 88.1
18.0
1.08
154.90
.81
16.18
30,615 1.378.5
16 117,873 1.186.5
172,562
53.5
22.2
22.1
27.8
22.2
1699.3
17 47.9
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.23
1.23
1.54
1.2
155.5
17 2.7
.81
16.18
18.50
21.2
21.2
18.0
1.17
1.7
$0.81 16 $0.18
.81 16. 18
.81 16.18
.81 16.18
Cotton and T obacco
Line No. 41:14
Total, 21 ships_____ 30,615
Cotton............... 26,191
Tobacco_______ 1,485
Cotton and to
bacco 19 ____ 2,939
2,939
138.5
14 Data, except totals, are for daily or hatch pro17 Hogsheads,
ductivity and cost.
18 Piece rate per hogshead.
15 Bales.
w Labor time not available for each commodity
is piece rate per bale.
separately.
276
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 47.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COM M O DITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship num
ber, and date of opera
tion
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
C otton and Tobacco—
Continued
Line No. 4114—Contd.
No. 1 (January):
Cotton________
T otal-..........
No. 2 (June):
Cotton________
Aver Output per Average labor
man-hour
cost per—
age
num
Gangber
of
hours
Reve Long Reve
Long Revenue men
nue
per Long nue
ton
tons
tons
gang tons tons
ton
Output per
gang-hour
Ships with m aximum efficiency
216
229
337
497
W974
i«l,034
161,518
16 2,237
6.0
6.0
16.0
15.0
36.0
38.2
21.1
33.1
15162.3
15172.3
1594.9
15149.1
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
2.00
2.12
1.17
1.84
16 9.1
169.6
165.3
15 8.3
1,279
i« 5,763
43.0
29.7
15134.0
18.0
1.65
15 7.5
.81
16.18
277
264
245
461
is 1,246
151,189
151,103
15 2,074
15.0
10.0
10.0
22.0
18.5
26.4
24.5
21.0
1583.1
15118.9
15110.3
15 94.3
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.03
1.47
1.36
1.16
154.6
15 6.6
15 6.1
155.2
.81
.81
.81
.81
16.18
16.18
16.18
16.18
.81
16.18
Total________
1,247
15 5,612
57.0
21.9
1598.5
18.0
1.22
15 5.5
Tobacco_______
100
17 185
2.0
50.0
17 93.0
18.0
2.78
17 5.2
Grand total-..
1,347
59.0
38.1
18.0
2.12
$0.81 i« $0.18
.81 i«.18
.81 i«.18
.81 16.18
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (September):
Cotton________
Cotton and to
bacco 19______
71
n 320
3.5
20.3
15 91.4
18.0
1.13
15 5.1
486
357
115
486
357
115
20.0
21.0
10.5
24.3
17.0
11.0
24.3
17.0
11.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.35
.94
.60
1.35
.94
.60
$0.81 16 $0.18
Total________
958
958
51.5
18.6
18.6
18.0
1.03
1.03
Grand total. --
1,029
1,029
55.0
18.7
18.7
18.0
1.04
1.04
196
420
302
15 882
151,891
15 1,360
16.0
24.0
19.5
12.3
17.5
15.5
15 55.1
15 78.8
15 69.7
18.0
18.0
18.0
.68
.97
.86
15 3.1
15 4.4
15 3.9
.81
.81
.81
16.18
16.18
16.18
918
154,133
59.5
15.4
15 69.5
18.0
.86
153.9
.81
16.18
No. 4 (September):
Cotton...............
Total-..........
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January):
Cotton-...........
T o ta l--....... Cotton and to
bacco 19______
76
356
352
107
15 343
151,602
151,582
15484
2.0
16.0
17.0
5.0
38.0
22.3
20.7
21.4
15171.5
15 100.1
1593.1
15 96.8
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
2.11
1.24
1.15
1.19
15 9.5
16 5.6
16 5.2
15 5.4
891
154,011
40.0
22.3
15100.3
18.0
1.24
15 5.6
511
353
511
353
23.0
16.0
22.2
22.2
22.2
22.2
18.0
18.0
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.23
$0.81 16$0.18
.81 16.18
.81 16.18
.81 16.18
.81
16.18
Total...............
864
864
39.0
22.2
22.2
18.0
1.23
Grand total...
1,755
1,755
79.0
22.2
22.2
18.0
1.23
1.23
No. 6 (July): Cotton.
142
279
643
15 639
151,255
15 2,893
6.0
12.0
30.0
23.7
23.3
21.4
15106.5
15104.6
1596.4
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.31
1.29
1.19
15 5.9
15 5.8
is 5.4
.81
.81
.81
16.18
16.18
16.18
1,064
154,787
48.0
22.2
1599.7
18.0
1.23
15 5.5
.81
16.18
Total....................
14 Data, except totals, are for daily or hatch productivity and cost.
15Bales.
Piece rate per bale.
17 Hogshaads.
19 Labor time not available for each commodity
separately.
277
NEW ORLEANS (1927)
T able 47.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G IN DIVIDU AL
COM M O DITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship num
ber, and date of opera
tion
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Output per
gang-hour
Aver Output per Average labor
cost per—
man-hour
age
num
Gangber of
hours
Reve Long Reve
Long Revenue men
per Long nue
nue
tons
tons
ton
gang tons tons
ton
C ase Oil
Line No. 42:
Total, 11 ships_____
8,795
« 235,190
128.5
68.4 201,830.0
33.0
2.07
2055.3
$0.39 21 $1.45
2.57 2o 68.50
2.47 20 66.00
$0.31 21$1.17
.32 "1.21
Ships with m axim um efficiency
1,425
712
No. 1 (June)
No. 2 (Jni™)
20 38,000
20 19,000
15.0
9.0
95.0 2o 2,533.0
79.1 N 2, 111. 0
37.0
32.0
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
2» 18,000
20 10,000
666
370
No. 3 (September)...
No. 4 (November)
12.5
7.0
53.3 20 1,440.0
52.9 20 1,429.0
34.0
37.0
1.57 2042.40
1.43 20 38.60
$0.51 21 $1.89
.56 21 2.07
Ships with average efficiency
2022,600
Line No. 43:
Total, 8 ships...........
8,320
2241,600
230
36.2
No. 1 (January)____
No. 2 (June)_______
No. 3 (October).......
No. 4 (October).......
No. 5 (November) __
No. 6 (November) _ _
No. 7 (December)—
No. 8 (December)—
900
180
1,500
1,920
580
800
1,440
1,000
22 4,500
22.0
7.5
49.0
63.0
16.0
26.0
29.0
27.5
40.9
24.0
30.6
36.2
36.3
30.8
49.7
36.4
20 17,600
14.5
9.0
58.6 20 1,559.0
73.3 2o 1,956.0
28.0
35.0
2.09 20 55.70
2.93 20 55.90
$0.38 2i $1.44
.27 211.43
22181.0
17.2
2.11 2210.50
$0.38 23 $7.62
oooooooo
850
660
No. 5 (March)_____
No. 6 (November) _ _
17.0
16.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
17.0
18.0
17.0
2.41
1.50
1.80
2.13
2.13
1.81
2.66
2.14
2212.00
.33 23 6.67
.53 2310.67
.44 23 8.89
.38 23 7.48
.38 23 7.48
.44 23 8.89
.30 23 6.02
.37 23 7.48
D rum Oil
22900
22 7,500
22 9,600
22 2,900
22 4,000
22 7,200
22 5,000
G rain
Line No. 44:24
npAfol IQ cTiinc
a
25 1,874,509 12 163.0
w 11,500.0
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (January).......
No. 2 (November) _.
2« 126,565
2540,000
125.6
121.7
1322,681.0
13 23,952.0
Ships with m inim um efficiency
0 f AIlfflKtt
No. 4 (September) __
** Ship-hours.
13Bushels per ship-hours.
m Cases.
2i Per 100 cases.
25 60,000
25 112,000
1212.7
1218.6
13 4,736.0
13 6,028.0
22 Drums.
23 Per 100 drums.
24Loaded at elevators.
24Bushels.*
22 7.50
22 9.00
2210.70
2-10.70
22 9.00
2213.30
2210.70
278
GENERAL TABLES
T able 47.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship num
ber, and date of opera
tion
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Aver Output per Average labor
man-hour
cost per—
age
num
Gangber of
hours
Reve Long Reve
Long Revenue men
per Long nue
nue
tons
ton
tons
gang tons
tons
ton
Output per
gang-hour
Ships with average efficiency
Grain— Continued
Line No. 4424—Contd.
2«88,284
25 41,143
12 7.4
12 3.4
13 11,898.0
25 1,020,000
12 75.0
»3 13,602.0
No 6 TMav)
Line No. 45:24
13 12,030.0
Ships with m aximum efficiency
125.1
12 3.5
23 120,000
25 80,000
1323,622.0
1322,857.0
Ships with m inim um efficiency
25 128,000
25 112,182
"NTo 3 ( Ainnitf)
No 4 (September)
139,364.0I
1310,182.0
1
12 13.7
12 11.0
Ships with average efficiency
129.I
124.7
1313, 216.0
13 13,704.0
50,164 25 1,893,507 ...........
..............
25 120,000
2«64,000
No 5 (August)
\rn
^Nnvftmhftrt
liU* fiU vll
UVCUlUvly-Line No. 46:26
Total, 21 ships_____
.....
11.67 25440.40 $0,069 27 $1.82
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No 1 (April)
No. 2 (September)..
1,034
3,214
18.50 25 709.10 $0.043 27 $1.13
19.80 25 738.50
.040 27 1.08
2539,708
25 120,000
%Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (September) __
No 4 (October)
3,000
3,643
7.70 25 285.70 $0.105 27 $2.80
9.40 25350.10
.085 27 2.29
25 112,000
25 136,000
Ships with average efficiency
No 5 (October)
No 6 (June)
1,071
1,800
12 Ship-hours.
13Bushels per ship-hour.
2540,000
25 70,052
24 Loaded at elevators.
25 Bushels.
11.50 25 430.10 $0,069 27 $1.86
.069 27 1.78
11.50 25 449.10
26Trimming cargo only.
27 Per 1,000 bushels.
Mobile (1927)
T
able
48.
-P R O D U C T IV IT Y OF LABO R AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G CARGO, B Y
K IN D OF T R AD E AND IN DIVIDU AL COM MODITIES
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Operation, line number, and
commodity
Ganghours
Long
tons
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Output
Average
Aver per manlabor cost
age
hour
per—
num
ber of
men
per Long Reve Long Reve
nue
gang tons nue
ton ton ton
Foreign trade 1
Discharging cargo: Europe—
No. 1_______ ____ _____
Loading cargo:
Europe—
No. 2.....................
No. 3— ...................
No. 4__................. .
Latin America—
No. 5— .................
No. 6..................... .
No. 7..................... .
Orient—No. 8.................
16.7
16.7
16.4
1.02
1.02 $0.59 $0.59
988.5
803.8
2,749.5
16.9
15.4
14.2
16.9
15.4
14.2
16.5
16.2
15.8
1.02
.95
.90
1.02
.95
.90
.59
.63
.67
.59
.63
.67
892.7
1,494.4
3,028.3
1,229.5
17.9
17.8
13.5
25.0
17.9
17.8
13.5
25.0
16.6
18.1
17.6
17.3
1.08
.99
.77
1.45
1.08
.99
.77
1.45
.56
.61
.78
.41
.56
.61
.78
.41
17,124
17,124 1,025.3
16,713
12,361
39,165
16,713
12,361
39,165
15,977
26,667
40,855
30,682
15,977
26,667
40,855
30,682
Intercoastal trade 1
Discharging cargo:
No. 9...............
Loading cargo:
No. 10_______
No. 1 1 - .........
No. 12.............
No. 1 3 - .........
15,369
2 17,213
767.0
20.0
222.4
17.0
16,443
20,430
40,299
25,022
2 18,416
2 22,877
2 45,134
2 28,025
881.6
1,228.8
2,567.4
1,633.5
18.7
16.6
15.7
15.3
2 20.9
2 18.6
2 14.6
2 17.2
17. (J 1.10 21.23
17.0
.98 1. 10
.92 2 1.03
17.0
17.0
.90 1.01
1.18 2 1.32 $0.51 2$0.45
2
2
.55
.61
.65
.67
2.49
2.55
2.58
2.59
Individual commodities 1
Discharging cargo:
Bananas8—No. 14Loading cargo:
Cotton—No. 15___
Lumber—No. 16- _.
No. 1 7 - ......... .
No. 1 8 - ......... .
42,886,508 52,108.0
24,615
32,834
24,093
26,672
7 109,214
8 18,667
« 13,399
« 15,689
° Stems per conveyor-hour.
1 Wage rate: 60 cents per hour.
2 Short tons.
8 Wage rate: 35 cents per hour.
4 Stems.
1,220.5
2,445.3
1,962.0
2,778.6
20.2
13.4
12.3
9.6
«1,369.0
100.0
7 89.5
8 7.6
8 6.8
8 5.7
16.9
15. a
15.7
14.0
413.69
6$2.56
1.19 7 5.30 $0.50 7.11
.88 8.50
.68 8 1.20
.78 8.43
.77 81.40
.69 8.40
.87 81.50
5 Conveyor-hours.
6 Per 100 stems.
7 Bales.
81,000 board feet.
279
280
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 49 .—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE
Discharging cargo: Europe
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons*
Average
Output per A v Output per labor
cost
gang-hour erage man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev
Long Rev
per Long Rev
enue Long
enue gang
tons tons1
tons tons* ton enue
to n 1
Line No. 1
Total, 18 ships...............................
17,124
Fertilizer.................................
Steel products.........................
General cargo..........................
6,497
3,607
7,020
17,124 1,025.3
6,497
3,607
7,020
428.5
174.5
422.3
16.7
16.7
16.4
1.02
1.02 $0.59 $0.59
15.2
20.7
16.6
15.2
20.7
16.6
18.5
16.0
14.5
.82
1.29
1.15
.82
1.29
1.15
.73
.47
.52
.73
.47
.52
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (August): Iron and st8el
h o o p s.................................... .
688
688
21.5
32.0
32.0
15.3
2.09
2.09 $0.29 $0.29
No. 2 (April):
Hoop iron...............................
General cargo.........................
299
81
299
81
8.0
7.0
37.3
11.6
37.3
11.6
16.0
16.1
2.33
.72
2.33
.72
.26
.83
.26
.83
Total....................................
380
380
15.0
25.3
25.3
16.0
1.58
1.58
.38
.38
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (M ay):
Fertilizer........
General cargo.
555
55
555
55
42.5
5.0
13.1
11.0
13.1
11.0
18.0
16.0
0.73
.69
Total_______
610
610
47.5
12.8
12.8
17.8
.72
.72
.83
.83
N° ‘ Fertilizer.
Steel bars
2,776
63
2,776
63
192.0
4.5
14.5
14.0
14.5
14.0
19.9
16.0
.73
.88
.73
.88
.82
.68
.82
.68
Total__
2,839
2,839
196.5
14.4
14.4
19.8
.73
.73
.82
.82
0.73 $0.82 $0.82
.69
.87
.87
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (December): Fertilizer___
1,824
1,824
99.0
18.4
18.4
18.0
1.02
1.02 $0.59 $0.59
No. 6 (April):
Nails........................................
Steel bars................................
20
133
20
133
1.0
8.5
19.8
15.6
19.8
15.6
16.0
16.0
1.24
.98
1.24
.98
.48
.61
.48
.61
153
153
9.5
16.1
16.1
16.0
1.00
1.00
.60
.60
Total................ ............... .
Loading cargo: Europe
Line No. 2
Total, 17 ships...............................
16,713
16,713
988.5
16.9
16.9
16.5
1.02
1.02 $0.59 $0.59
Glucose....................................
Flour............................... ........
Logs.........................................
Oyster shells.........................
Cotton...................... ............ .
General cargo.........................
4,552
2,549
2,228
1,190
1,035
5,159
4,552
2,549
2,228
1,190
1,035
5,159
286.3
128.5
213.2
52.7
68.0
239.8
15.9
19.8
10.5
22.6
15.2
21.5
15.9
19.8
10.5
22.6
15.2
21.5
16.7
16.2
15.8
16.1
16.3
17.3
.95
1.22
.66
1.40
.93
1.24
.95
1.22
.66
1.40
.93
1.24
* Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
.63
.49
.91
.43
.65
.48
.63
.49
.91
.43
.65
.48
281
MOBILE (1927)
T ab le 49 .—PR O D U C TIV IT Y o r LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Ships with m aximum efficiency
L ine N o. 2—Continued
No. 1 (October):
Average
Output per Av Output per labor
cost
gang-hour erage man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev
Long Rev
per Long Rev
enue Long
enue gang
tons tons1
tons tons1
ton enue
ton 1
Flour
_ ________________
General cargo.....................
1,065
219
113
1,065
219
113
27.0
10.5
4.5
39.4
20.9
25.1
39.4
20.9
25.1
22.0
16.0
16.0
1.79
1.30
1.57
1.79 $0.34 $0.34
1.30
.46
.46
1.57
.38
.38
Total..................................
1,397
1,397
42.0
33.3
33.3
19.9
1.68
1.68
.36
.36
No. 2 (November):
Flour
________ _________
Cottonseed meal___________
Glucose
____ ___ ____
Oyster shells_______________
Tobacco
_______________
General cargo..........................
1,059
803
362
225
179
102
1,059
803
362
225
179
102
49.0
28.5
21.5
10.5
5.5
9.0
21.6
28.2
16.8
21.4
32.5
11.3
21.6
28.2
16.8
21.4
32.5
11.3
16.0
19.9
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
1.35
1.41
1.05
1.34
2.03
.71
1.35
1.41
1.05
1.34
2.03
.71
.44
.43
.57
.45
.30
.85
.44
.43
.57
.45
.30
.85
Total....................................
2,730
2,730
124.0
22.0
22.0
16.9
1.30
1.30
.46
.46
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (January):
Logs from cars_____________
Glucose___________________
Logs from water____ _______
General cargo...................... .
393
363
264
17
393
363
264
17
53.5
20.0
30.5
1.8
7.3
18.2
8.7
9.7
7.3
18.2
8.7
9.7
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
0.46
1.13
.54
.61
Total................... ................
1,037
1,037
105.8
9.8
9.8
16.0
.61
.61
.98
.98
No. 4 (March):
Glucose __________________
Logs from water____________
Logs from cars........................
Oyster shells_______________
504
352
146
100
504
352
146
100
31.3
30.5
15.0
4.7
16.1
11.5
9.7
21.1
16.1
11.5
9.7
21.1
17.2
16.0
16.0
16.0
.94
.72
.61
1.32
.94
.72
.61
1.32
.64
.83
.98
.45
.64
.83
.98
.45
1,102
1,102
81.5
13.5
13.5
16.5
.82
.82
.73
.73
Total................................ .
0.46 $1.30 $1.30
1.13
.53
.53
.5 4 1.11 1.11
.61
.98
.98
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (December):
Cottonseed meal___________
Flour_____________________
Glucose___________________
General cargo..................... .
315
295
199
95
315
295
199
95
11.0
15.5
16.0
10.0
28.6
19.0
12.4
9.5
28.6
19.0
12.4
9.5
20.0
16.0
15.0
16.0
1.43
1.19
.83
.59
1.43 $0.42 $0.42
1.19
.50
.50
.72
.72
.83
.59 1.02 1.02
Total.................................-
904
904
52.5
17.2
17.2
16.5
1.04
1.04
.58
.58
No. 6 (December):
Glucose________ __________
Cotton..______ ___________
General cargo...................... .
359
231
43
359
231
43
20.5
14.0
2.5
17.5
16.5
17.2
17.5
16.5
17.2
18.0
16.0
16.0
.97
1.03
1.08
.97
1.03
1.08
.62
.58
.56
.62
.58
.56
633
633
37.0
17.1
17.1
17.1
1.00
1.00
.60
.60
Total, 9 ships.................................
12,361
12,361
803.8
15.4
15.4
16.2
0.95
0.95 $0.63 $0.63
Lumber.............................. .
Cotton................................. .
General cargo................... ......
6,654
3,226
2,481
3,802
3,226
2,481
493.0
161.8
149.0
13.5
19.9
16.7
7.7
19.9
16.7
15.8
17.0
16.4
.85
1.17
1.01
.49
1.17
1.01
Total................................
L ine N o. 3
1Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
66490°—32----- 19
.71
.51
.59
1.22
.51
.59
282
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 49 .—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H A N D L IN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN T R AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Output per Av Output per Average
cost
gang-hour erage man-hour labor
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev
Long Rev
per Long Rev
enue gang
enue Long enue
tons tons1
tons tons1
ton ton 1
Ships with m axim um efficiency
L ine N o. 3—Continued
No. 1 (October):
Lumber...................................
General cargo........................ .
362
56
188
56
18.5
2.5
19.6
22.4
10.2
22.4
14.2
16.0
1.38
1.40
0.71 $0.43 $0.85
1.40
.43
.43
Total....................................
418
418
21.0
19.9
19.9
14.4
1.38
1.38
.43
.43
No. 2 (November):
Cotton.....................................
Coke........................................
Logs from cars........................
Lumber...................................
General cargo..........................
807
513
201
342
67
807
513
201
219
67
40.0
10.5
14.5
28.5
3.5
20.2
48.9
13.9
12.0
19.1
20.2
48.9
13.9
7.7
19.1
16.5
22.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
1.22 1.22
2.22 '2.22
.87
.87
.75
.48
1.20 1.20
.49
.27
.69
.80
.50
.49
.27
.69
1.25
.50
Total....................................
1,930
1,930
97.0
19.9
19.9
16.8
1.18
.51
.51
1.18
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (September):
Lumber___________________
General cargo..........................
1,137
66
632
66
90.0
6.0
12.6
11.0
7.0
11.0
16.0
16.0
0.79
.69
Total....................................
1,203
1,203
96.0
12.5
12.5
16.0
.78
.78
.77
.77
874
1,404
231
874
764
231
52.0
100.5
21.0
16.8
14.0
11.0
16.8
7.3
11.0
17.0
15.9
16.0
.99
.88
.69
.99
.48
.69
.61
.68
.87
.61
1.25
.87
2,509
2,509
173.5
14.5
14.5
16.2
.89
.89
.67
.67
No. 4 (January):
Cotton____________________
Lumber..................................
General cargo.......................—
Total....................................
0.44 $0.76 $1.36
.69
.87
.87
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April):
Cotton______________ ______
Lumber........ ..........................
124
110
124
66
5.5
9.5
22.5
11.6
22.5
7.0
18.0
16.0
1.25
.72
1.25 $0.48 $0.48
.44
.83 1.36
Total....................................
234
234
15.0
15.6
15.6
16.7
.93
.93
.65
.65
No. 6 (July):
Rosin_____________________
Lumber_____________ ______
General cargo..........................
114
997
144
114
571
144
6.0
71.8
9.0
19.0
13.9
16.0
19.0
8.0
16.0
16.0
15.7
16.0
1.19
.89
1.00
1.19
.51
1.00
.50
.67
.60
.50
1.18
.60
Total....................................
1,255
1,255
86.8
14.5
14.5
15.7
.92
.92
.65
.65
Line N o . 4
Total, 31 ships...............................
39,165
39,165 2,749.5
14.2
14.2
15.8
0.90
0.90 $0.67 $0.67
Lumber, hardwood................
Lumber, pine..........................
Logs.........................................
Rosin.......................................
Oyster shells...........................
General cargo..........................
6,205
19,081
3,665
2,865
2,861
4,489
4,273
623.5
10,350 1,300.5
265.8
3,665
129.0
2,865
2,861
129.0
301.7
4,489
10.0
14.7
13.8
22.2
22.2
14.9
6.9
8.0
13.8
22.2
22.2
14.9
16.0
15.6
15.8
16.0
16.5
16.4
.62
.94
.87
1.39
1.34
.91
.43
.51
.87
1.39
1.34
.91
.97
.64
.69
.43
.45
.66
1.40
1.18
.69
.43
.45
.66
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (December):
Oyster shells...........................
Glucose....................................
Timber....................................
Lumber, pine..........................
General cargo..........................
187
101
902
206
84
187
101
451
115
84
8.5
5.5
45.0
16.0
8.0
22.0
18.4
20.0
12.9
10.5
22.0
18.4
10.0
7.2
10.5
16.0
16.0
13.0
16.0
16.4
1.38
1.15
1.54
.81
.64
1.38 $0.43 $0.43
.52
1.15
.52
.77
.39
.78
.74
.45
1.33
.94
.94
.64
Total....................................
1,479
1,479
83.0
17.8
17.8
14.4
1.24
1.24
i Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
.48
.48
283
MOBILE (1927)
T ab le 4 9 .—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E-Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
L ine N o. 4—Continued
Reve
nue
tons*
Average
Output per A v Output per labor
cost
gang-hour erage man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
Rev men
Rev
Long enue
per Long Rev
enue Long enue
tons tons1 gang tons tonsi
ton ton1
Ships with m axim um efficiency— Continued
No. 2 (December):
Oyster shells...........................
Logs.........................................
Timber....................................
Lumber, pine..........................
Lumber, hardwood................
125
129
414
177
105
125
129
207
99
73
5.0
9.0
21. d
9.5
9.0|
25.0
14.3
19.7
18.7
11.7
25.0
14.3
9.9
10.4
8.1
16.0 1.56
16.0
.90
13.0 1.52
16.0 1.17
16.0| .73
1.56 $0.38 $0.38
.90
.67
.67
.39
.79
.76
.92
.51
.65
.82 1.20
.50
Total....................................
951
951
53.5
17.8
17.8
14.8
1.20
1.20
.50
.50
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (March):
Lumber, hardwood................
Lumber, pine..........................
General cargo..........................
476
236
230
329
131
230
51.5
16.5
21.3
9.2
14.3
10.8
6.4
8.0
10.8
16.0
16.0
15.7
0.58
.89
.69
0.40 $1.C3 $1.50
.50
.67 1.20
.69
.87
.87
Total....................................
943
943
89.3
10.6
10.6
15.9
.66
.66
.91
.91
No. 4 (July):
Lumber, pine..........................
Rosin.......................................
General cargo______________
816
151
91
452
151
91
77.0
7.0
8.0
10.6
21.5
11.3
5.9
21.5
11.3
16.0
16.0
16 6
.66
1.34
.68
.37
1.34
.68
.91
.45
.88
1.62
.45
88
Total....................................
1,057
1,057
92.0
11.5
11.5
16.1
.72
.72
.83
.83
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March):
Lumber, hardwood................
Rosin.......................................
Logs from cars..................... .
Logs from water........ .............
Oyster shells...........................
Lumber, pine—. ....... ............
General cargo..........................
494
296
169
139
125
139
24
341
296
169
139
125
76
24
53.5
12.3
11.3
3.0
7.5
8.0
1.7
9.2
24.2
15.0
46.3
16.7
17.2
13.6
6.4
24.2
15.0
46.3
16.7
9.5
13.6
15.9
16.0
15.6
14.0
16.0
16.0
16.9
0.58
1.51
.97
3.29
1.04
1.07
.81
0.40 $1.03 $1.50
.40
.40
1.51
.62
.62
.97
.18
3.29
.18
.58
.58
1.04
.60
.56 1.00
.74
.81
.74
Total.................. .................
1,384
1,384
97.3
14.2
14.2
15.8
.90
.90
.67
.67
No. 6 (May):
Oyster shells...........................
Lumber, pine.............. ..........
Lumber, hardwood........... .
Rosin........................... ..........
General cargo..........................
495
256
204
135
56
495
142
140
135
56
32.0
15.0
23.0
4.5
4.8
15.5
17.1
8.9
29.9
11.7
15.5
9.5
5.0
29.9
11.7
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
.97
1.07
.55
1.87
.73
.97
.59
.38
1.87
.73
.62
.56
1.09
.32
.82
.62
1.02
1.58
.32
.82
Total....................................
1,145
1,145
79.3
14.4
14.4
16.0
.90
.90
.67
.67
Loading cargo: Latin America
Line N o . 5
Total, 15 ships...............................
15,977
15,977
892.7
17.9
17.9
16.6
1.08
1.08 $0.56 $0.56
Pipe.........................................
Cement...................................
General cargo_____________ _
7,787
3,803
4,387
7,787
3,803
4,387
376.0
143.3
373.4
20.7
26.5
11.7
20.7
26.5
11.7
15.9
17.2
17 ?
1.30
1.55
.68
1.30
1.55
.68
i Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
.46
.39
.88
.46
.39
88
284
T
GENERAL TABLES
abus
49.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H A N D L IN G CARGO IN
F OREIGN T R A D E —Continued
Loading cargo: Latin America— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
L ine N o. 6—Continued
Average
Output per Av Output per labor
cost
gang-hour erage man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
Rev Long Rev
Rev men
per Long enue
Long enue
tons tons1 gang tons tons1 ton enue
ton 1
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (September):
Cast-iron pipe______________
General cargo______________
1,494
99
1,494
99
60.0
10.0
24.9
9.9
24.9
9.9
16.0
16.0
1.56
.61
1.56 $0.38 $0.38
.61
.98
.98
Total_______________ ^___
1,593
1,593
70.0
22.8
22.8
16.0
1.42
1.42
.42
.42
No. 2 (September):
Pipe and fittings. , „
General cargo______________
888
111
888
111
30.5
11.5
29.1
9.7
29.1
9.7
18.0
16.1
1.62
.60
1.62
.60
.37
1.00
.37
1.00
Total....................................
999
999
42.0
23.8
23.8
17.5
1*. 36
1.36
.44
.44
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (August):
Steel pilings
343
343
________
19 cargo 19
______________ General
24.5
5.0
14.0
3.8
14.0
3.8
16.7
16.2
0.84
.23
0.84 $0.71 $0.71
.23 2.61 2.61
Total____________________
362
362
29.5
12.3
12.3
16.6
.74
.74
.81
.81
No. 4 (April):
Cast-iron pipe__ - __________
General cargo______________
137
16
137
16
9.0
2.5
15.2
6.4
15.2
6.4
17.0
16.0
.90
.40
.90
.40
.67
1.50
.67
1.50
Total____________________
153
153
11.5
13.3
13.3
16.8
.79
.79
.76
.76
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (July):
R o s in .___________________
General cargo______________
128
68
128
68
7.0
4.5
18.3
15.1
18.3
15.1
16.0
16.0
1.14
.94
1.14 $0.53 $0.53
.94
.64
.64
Total____________________
196
196
11.5
17.0
17.0
16.0
1.07
1.07
.56
.56
No. 6 (April): Cast-iron pipe.......
3,055
3,055
175.5
17.4
17.4
14.9
1.16
1.16
.52
.52
26,667 1,494.4
17.8
17.8
18.1
0.99
0.99 $0.61 $0.61
L ine N o . 6
Total, 26 ships_________________ 226,667
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (November): Rails and
fittings_____________________
2,750
92.9
2,750
4,229
____________ N o4,229
.2 (May):
Rails173.3
29.6
24.5
29.6
24.5
17.0
17.0
1.74
1.44
1.74 $0.34 $0.34
.42
1.44
.42
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (February):
Brick_____________________
Flour____ _________________
General cargo______________
401
112
172
401
112
172
T o ta l--........................... —
685
685
No. 4 (January):
Shooks____________________
Agricultural implements____
Tobacco___________________
General cargo................. ........
470
234
138
135
470
234
138
135
Total...................................
977
977
92.3
7.4
7.4
19.0
0.39
110.8
8.7
8.7
19.0
.46
* Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
2 Principal commodities: Rails and fittings, 13,707 long tons; pipe, 6,112 long tons.
0.39 $1.54 $1.54
.46
1.30
1.30
285
MOBILE (1927)
T a b l e 49.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E-C ontinued
Loading cargo: Latin America — Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Average
Output per Av Output per labor
cost
gang-hour erage man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
Rev men
per Long Rev Long Rev
Long enue
enue ton enue
tons tons1 gang tons tons1
to n 1
Ships with average efficiency
L in e N o . 6— Continued
No. 5 (March): General cargoNo. 6 (February):
Rails......................................
Pipe.......................................
General cargo.......................
T otal-.................
238
12.5
19.0
19.0
19.0
1.00
1.00 $0.60 $0.
899
49.8
18.0
18.0
18.0
1.00
1.00
40,855
40,855 3,028.3
13.5
13.5
17.6
0.77
0.77 $0.78 $0.78
8,781 1,361.5
616.5
10,581
434.0
5,030
183.3
2,651
58.0
1,290
1,271
55.0
1,001
53.0
3,916
267.0
11.1
6.4
17.2
16.0
19.6
18.4
19.
17.0
16.1
19.1
18.6
.87
.63
.74
1.31
1.43
.99
.79
.40
.87
.63
.74
1.31
1.43
.99
.79
437
183
279
437
183
279
.60
L in e N o . 7
Total, 12 ships;............
Lumber............................
Shooks..............................
Agricultural implements.
Iron and steel...................
Zinc slabs...................... .
Rosin................................
Oil..............................
General cargo...................
15,115
10,581
5, f “
2,651
1,290
1,271
1,001
3,916
17.2
11.6
14.5
11.6
14.5
22.2
22.2
23.1
18.9
14.7
23.1
18.9
14.7
.87
.69
.95
.81
.46
.42
.61
.76
1.50
.69
.95
.81
.46
.42
.61
.76
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (June):
Shooks....................................
Rosin.......................................
Agricultural implements.......
Hoop steel...............................
Sheet steel...............................
Lumber............................ ......
General cargo______________
741 |
277i
153I
136
116
2,042
131
741
277
153
136
116
1,130
131
44.5
13.0
11.0
10.5
5.5
153.5
14.0
16.7
21.3
13.9
13.0
21.1
13.3
9.4
16.7
21.3
13.9
13.0
21.1
7.4
9.4
19.2
16.0
15.5
18.9
20.0
16.0
17.3
0.87
1.33
.90
.69
1.05
.83
.54
0.87 $0.69 $0.69
.45
1.33
.45
.67
.67
.90
.87
.69
.87
.57
1.05
.57
.46
.72 1.30
.54 1.11
1.11
T o ta l..................................
3,596
3,596
252.0
14.3
14.3
16.8
.85
.85
.71
.71
No. 2 (November):
Shooks.....................................
Zinc slabs................................
Iron and steel.........................
Lumber............................ ......
General cargo.........................
1,170
400
175
2,504
333
1,170
400
175
1,473
333
50.0
19.5
10.5
218.5
20.0
23.4
20.5
16.7
11.5
16.7
23.4
20.5
16.7
6.7
16.7
20.0
16.5
20.1
16.1
19.8
1.17
1.24
.83
.71
.84
1.17
1.24
.83
.42
.84
.51
.48
.72
.85
.71
.51
.48
.72
1.43
.71
T o ta l-.................................
4,582
4,582
318.5
14.4
14.4
17.1
.84
.84
.71
.71
Ships with m inim um efficiency
'. 3 (February):
Iron and steel.........................
Shooks.....................................
Agricultural implements.......
Drum oil.................................
Lumber...................................
General cargo.............. ..........
528
604
340
130
1,336
285
528
604
340
130
765
285
46.5
45.5
31.5
9.5
133.0
25.5
11.4
13.3
10.8
13.7
10.0
11.2
11.4
13.3
10.8
13.7
5.8
11.2
18.8
17.6
17.5
16.0
16.0
17.9
0.60
.76
.62
.86
.63
.63
T otal-..................................
3,223
3,223
291.5
11.1
11.1
17.0
.65
.65
.92
.92
Shooks.....................................
Agricultural implements.......
Oil...........................................
Sanitary fixtures.....................
Lumber...................................
General cargo..........................
982
226
188
143
614
406
982
226
188
143
350
406
60.5
24.0
8.5
13.5
66.5
26.0
16.2
9.4
22.1
10.6
9.2
15.6
16.2
9.4
22.1
10.6
5.3
15.6
20.0
20.0
21.0
21.0
16.0
18.6
.81
.47
1.05
.50
.58
.84
.81
.47
1.05
.50
.33
.84
.74
1.28
.57
1.20
1.03
.71
.74
1.28
.57
1.20
1.82
.71
Total....................................
2,559
2,559
199.0
12.9
12.9
18.6
.69
.69
.87
.87
0.60 $1.00 $1.00
.76
.79
.79
.62
.97
.97
.70
.86
.70
.95 1.67
.36
.95
.63
.95
. 4 (February):
1 Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
286
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 49.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E-Continued
Loading cargo: Latin America—Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Ships with average efficiency
Line No. 7—Continued
No. 5 (March):
Shooks.....................................
Agiicultural implements.......
Drum oil.................................
Iron and steel.........................
Sheet steel...............................
Rosin.......................................
Lumber.............................. .
General cargo.........................
T otal-..................................
Average
Output per Av Output per labor
cost
gang-hour erage man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve
per Long Reve
Long Reve
nue
nue
nue
tons tons1 gang tons tons1 ton to
n1
1,059
486
179
150
165
239
229
172
2,679
1,059
486
179
150
165
239
142
172
70.5
33.5
8.5
11.3
10.5
10.0
24.0
14.5
15.0
14.5
21.1
13.3
15.7
23.9
9.5
11.9
15.0
14.5
21.1
13.3
15.7
23.9
5.9
11.9
20.3
19.5
20.0
19.7
19.3
16.4
16.0
17.7
0.75
.74
1.05
.67
.81
1.46
.60
.67
0.75 $0.80 $0.80
.74
.81
.81
1.05
.57
.57
.67
.90
.90
.81
.74
.74
.41
.41
1.46
.37 1.00 1.62
.67
.90
.90
2,679
182.8
14.6
14.6
18.9
.77
.77
.78
.78
No. 6 (July):
Agricultural implements........
Shooks.....................................
Rosin.......................................
Iron and steel..........................
Oil....... .................................. .
Sheet steel...............................
Tobacco...................................
Lumber...................................
General cargo..........................
1,119
879
404
148
126
104
193
723
117
1,119
879
404
148
126
104
193
429
117
101.5
49.5
18.0
8.0
5.5
6.0
10.5
67.5
12.0
11.0
17.8
22.4
18.5
22.9
17.3
18.4
10.7
9.8
11.0
17.8
22.4
18.5
22.9
17.3
18.4
6.4
9.8
18.7
19.8
16.0
19.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
16.0
20.1
.59
.90
1.40
.97
1.15
.87
.92
.67
.49
.59
.90
1.40
.97
1.15
.87
.92
.40
.49
1.02
.67
.43
.62
.52
.69
.65
.90
1.22
1.02
.67
.43
.62
.52
.69
.65
1.50
1.22
Total....................................
3,813
3,813
278.5
13.7
13.7
18.2
.75
.75
.80
.80
14.8
12.4
13.1
13.0
14.7
13.8
18.4
16.7
17.6
18.0
17.9
17.0
0.80
.74
.75
.72
.83
.81
0.80 $0.75 $0.75
.74
.81
.81
.75
.80
.80
.72
.83
.83
.83
.72
.72
.81
.74
.74
25.0
25.0
17.3
1.45
1.45 $0.41 $0.41
89.5
19.5
19.5
16.0
1.22
1.22
.49
.49
227.0
22.3
22.3
16.0
1.39
1.39
.43
.43
137.0
17.8
17.8
16.0
1.11
1.11
.54
.54
Other ships
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
7 (April)................................8 (M ay)..................................
9 (August)..............................
10 (August).............................
11 (September).......................
12 (October)...........................
1,756
3,072
3,930
3,534
3,736
4,375
1,756
3,072
3,930
3,534
3,736
4,375
119.0
246.8
299.0
272.8
253.5
315.0
14.8
12.4
13.1
13.0
14.7
13.8
Loading cargo: Orient
L ine N o . 8
30,682 1,229.5
Total, 7 ships...................
3 30,682
No. 1 (July):
Sulphate of ammonia.
Nails...........................
Rosin..........................
1,230
350
167
1,230
350
167
T otal-.....................
1,747
1,747
No. 2 (September):
Sulphate of ammonia.
Rails...........................
Wrought-iron p ip e ...
Nails......................... .
Cotton........................
General cargo.............
1, <*57
1,611
594
458
379
164
1,857
1,611
594
458
379
164
T o t a l.....................
5,063
5,063
No. 3 (October):
Cotton........................
Sulphate of ammonia.
Rosin..........................
1,344
1,021
67
1,344
1,021
67
2,432
2,432
T otal-...................
i Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
3 Principal commodities: Sulphate of ammonia, 10,007 long tons; rails and fittings, 16,072 long tons.
287
MOBILE (1927)
T ab le 4 9 .— P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN T R AD E-Continued
Loading cargo: Orient— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Reve
nue
tons 1
Long
tons
Average
Output per Av Output per labor
cost
gang-hour erage man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue Long
nue
nue
tons tons1 gang tons tons1
ton ton
1
L ine N o. 8—Continued
No. 4 (October):
Steel rails...................- ...........
Sulphate of ammonia_______
Cotton____________________
2,113
1,446
322
2,113
1,446
322
Total____________________
3,881
3,881
No. 5 (January):
Rails and fittings___________
Sulphate of ammonia_______
Turpentine________________
5,466
870
6
5,466
870
6
Total....................................
6,342
6,342
No. 6 (January)
Rails and fittings___________
Sulphate of ammonia_______
Rosin_____________________
2,485
1,434
25
2,485
1,434
25
Total____________________
3,944
3,944
No. 7 (March):
Steel rails__________________
Sulphate of ammonia........ .....
Angle bars............. ............ .
Spikes and bolts___ ________
Rosin_____________________
General cargo______________
4,397
2,149
331
170
110
116
4,397
2,149
331
170
110
116
Total-...............................—
7,273
7,273
145.0
26.8
26.8
18.0
1.49
1.49 $0.40 $0.40
243.0
26.1
26.1
18.0
1.45
1.45
.41
.41
153.0
25.8
25.8
18.0
1.43
1.43
.42
.42
235.0
30.9
30.9
18.0
1.72
1.72
.35
.35
1 Except for lumber, which is in 1,000 board feet.
T a b le
50.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN HANDLING CARGO IN
IN TER C O A STA L T R AD E
Discharging cargo
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
age
gang-hour
man-hour
per—
num
Gangber
of
Reve hours Long Reve men Long Reve Long Reve
nue
per
nue
nue
nue
tons tons1
gang tons tons1 ton ton 1
tons1
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
L ine No. 0
Total, 13 ships............................... 315,369
17,213
767.0
20.0
22.4
17.0
1.18
1.32 $0.51
$0.45
$0.36
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (December):
Canned goods______________
Beans
______ ___________
Sugar
________ ___
General cargo
_
_
685
220
453
107
767
246
507
121
Total....................................
1,465
1,641
No. 2 (September):
Canned goods
Sugar _
_____________
Lumber _ ________ __
366
586
417
410
656
467
Total...................................
1,369
1,533
58.5
25.0
28.0
17.0
1.47
1.65 $0.41
59.0
23.2
26.0
17.0
1.36
1.52
.44
.39
1 Short tons.
2 Principal commodities: Canned goods, 5,527 long tons; sugar, 3,017 long tons; beans, 1,574 long tons.
288
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 5 0 . — PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
IN TER C O A STA L TR AD E —Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons 1
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
Line No. 9—Continued
No. 3 (August):
Canned goods
General cargo
Total____________________
No. 4 (January):
Shingles
......................
Total___ ________________
Output per Aver Output per Average
cost
gang-hour
man-hour labor
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue Long
nue
tons tons1 gang tons tons1
ton to
n1
148
86
166
96
234
262
232
290
67
260
325
75
589
660
19.0
12.3
13.8
17.0
0.72
37.0
15.9
17.8
17.0
.94
0.81 $0.83
$0.74
.64
.57
$0.46
1.05
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (December):
Flour
Shingles _________________
5S6
122
455
641
656
137
510
717
Total_____ ______________
1,804
2,020
No. 6 (September):
Canned goods
- ___ - __
Beans
___ _
Sugar
Shingles
________________
330
164
453
487
370
184
507
545
Total____________________
1,434
1,606
49.5
19.7
22.1
17.0
1.16
1.30 $0.52
69.5
20.6
23.1
17.0
1.21
1.36
.50
.44
1.10
1.23 $0.55
$0.49
Loading cargo
Line N o. 10
Total, 5 ships__________________ 316,443
18,416
No. 1 (January):
_____________
Pipe
General cargo - ___________
1,316
38
1,474
42
Total____ _______________
1,354
1,516
No. 2 (February):
Pipe
__ ___________
Rails
. ________________
General cargo______________
1,955
2,000
68
2,190
2,240
76
Total ___________________
4,023
4,506
No. 3 (February):
Pipe
__________________
Rails
________________
General cargo. ____________
1,282
2,666
66
1,436
2,986
74
Total______________ _____
4,014
4,496
No. 4 (February):
Steel rails
_ __ ______
Pipe______________________
General cargo______________
3,088
574
103
3,459
643
115
Total. ..................................
3,765
4,217
881.6
18.7
20.9
17.0
82.7
16.3
18.3
17.0
.96
1.08
.63
.56
222.4
18.0
20.2
17.0
1.06
1.19
.57
.50
209.0
19.2
21.5
17.0
1.13
1.27
.53
.47
197.5
19.0
21.3
17.0
1.12
1.25
.54
.48
i
i Short tons.
8 Principal commodities: Pipe, 5,695 long tons; rails, 10,418 long tons.
289
MOBILE (1927)
T a b l e 5 0 . — PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
IN TER C O A STA L TRAD E-Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons 1
No. 5 (February):
Rails........................................
Pipe.........................................
General cargo......... - .............-
2,664
568
55
2,984
636
61
Total____________________
3,287
3,681
Output per Aver Output per Average
cost
gang-hour
man-hour labor
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve
per Long Reve Long Reve
nue gang
tons tons1
tons nue ton nue
tons1
ton 1
Line N o. 10—Continued
170.0
19.4
21.7
17.0
1.14
1.28 $0.53
$0.47
22,877 1,228.8
16.6
18.6
17.0
.98
1.10 $0.61
$0.55
$0.43
Line N o. 11
Total, 25 ships_________________ *20,430
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (May):
Pipe____ __________________
General cargo______________
519
387
581
434
Total____________________
906
1,015
No. 2 (September):
Pipe______________________
Rosin_____________________
General cargo______________
822
112
46
921
125
52
Total____________________
980
1,098
43.4
20.9
23.4
17.0
1.23
1.38 $0.49
48.2
20.4
22.8
17.0
1.20
1.34
.50
.45
0.90 $0.75
$0.67
Ships with minimum efficiency
No. 3 (January):
Pipe______________________
General cargo______________
379
525
424
588
T o ta l..................... ............
904
1,012
No. 4 (April):
Pipe______________________
General cargo______________
358
161
401
180
Total____________________
519
581
66.6
13.6
15.2
17.0
0.80
36.6
14.1
15.8
17.0
.83
.93
.72
.65
1.11 $5.61
$0.54
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January):
Oyster shells_______________
Soil pipe___________________
General cargo______________
Total____________________
245
169
190
604
274
189
213
676
No. 6 (November):
Pipe.........................................
Rosin......................................
General cargo______________
352
122
141
394
137
158
Total....................................
615
689
36.0
16.8
18.8
17.0
0.99
37.3
16.8
18.8
17.0
.99
i Short tons.
* Principal commodities: Pipe, 12,362 long tons; rosin, 1,699 long tons.
1.11
.61
.54
290
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 50.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
IN TER C OA STA L TRAD E-C ontinued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
per Long Reve
Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
nue
ton ton
tons tons1
tons tons1
i
L in e N o. 12
Total, 29 ships_________________ *40,299 45,134 2,567.4
15.7
17.6
17.0
0.92
1.03 $0.65
$0.58
$0.46
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (February):
__
Rails
Pipe__ _____ ______________
Angle bars_________________
Spikes_____________________
3,500
575
175
128
3,920
644
196
143
Total.................................— 4,378
4,903
No. 2 (March):
Pipe______ ________________
General cargo______________
1,324
237
1,483
265
Total....................................
1,561
1,748
222.4
19.7
22.1
17.0
1.16
1.30 $0.52
85.6
18.2
20.4
17.0
1.07
1.20
.56
.50
0.80 $0.85
$0.75
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (September):
Pipe____ _____ ____________
General cargo______________
488
87
547
97
Total____________________
575
644
No. 4 (February):
Pipe______________________
General cargo______________
1,256
89
1,407
99
T otal--__________________
1,345
1,506
47.5
12.1
13.6
17.0
0.71
105.1
12.8
14.3
17.0
.75
.84
.80
.71
1.03 $0.65
$0.58
.65
.58
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April):
Pipe______________________
General cargo______________
1,573
51
1,762
57
1,624
1,819
No. 6 (M ay):
Pipe______________________
Plate steel____ ____ ________
General cargo...... ......... ......
Total____________________
104.4
15.6
17.5
17.0
0.92
1,266
70
79
1,418
78
89
1,415
1,585 | 90.8
15.6
17.5
17.0
.92
Total, 14 ships........................ ...... 625,022
28,025 1,633.5
15.3
17.2
17.0
0.90
Total__________________
1.03
L ine N o. 13
1.01 $0.67 $0 .59
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (January):
Pipe.........................................
General cargo______________
1,067
415
1,195
465
1,482
1,660
No. 2 (January):
Pipe................... .......... _
General cargo...... ........... ........
1,024
345
1,147
386
Total___ ________________
1,369
1,533
Total__________________
79.8
18.6
20.8
17.0
1.09
1.22 $0.55
78.8
17.4
19.5
17.0
1.02
1.14
1 Short tons.
8 Principal commodities: Pipe, 31,220 long tons; steel products, 6,317 long tons.
6 Principal commodity: Pipe, 18,387 long tons.
.59
$0.49
.53
291
MOBILE (1927)
T a b l e 50.—-PRODUCTIVITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G CARGO IN
INTERCOASTAL TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Reve
nue
tons1
Long
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gange-hour age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
per Long Reve
Long Reve
nue
nue
nue Long
tons tons1 gang tons tons1
ton ton
i
Ships with m inim um efficiency
L in e N o . 13— Continued
No. 3 (August):
Pipe....................................
Hardwood..........................
General cargo.....................
1,750
246
442
276
Total.
2,438
2,731
No. 4 (August):
Pipe..............
Brick......... .
Nails.............
2,415
388
619
2,705
435
3,422
3,
Total.,
254.5
13.4
15.0
17.0
0.79
0.88 $0.76
$0.68
13.4
15.0
17.0
.79
.76
.68
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (December):
Pipe..................
General cargo-.
Total.
No. 6 (November):
P ip e ................
Rosin.................
General cargo...
Total..
1,064
201
1,192
225
1,265
1,417
1,035
106
285
1,159
119
319
1,426
1,597
82.0
15.4
17.2
17.0
94.3
15.1
16.9
17.0
0.91
1.02 $0.66
1.00
.67
.60
1 Short tons.
T a b le 51.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H A N DLIN G IN DIVIDUAL
CO M M O D ITIE S
Discharging cargo
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
(num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue Long
gang tons tons
ton nue
tons tons
ton
Output per
gang-hour
B ananas
Line No. 14:
Total, 166 ships................
12,886,508 22,108.0
«1,369.0
100.0
113.69
s$2.56
° Stems per conveyor-hour,
111,802
113,256
1 Stems?
26.4
2 6.8
*1,844.0
•I, 949.0
100.0
100.0 .........
? Qonveyor-hours,
h it
No. 1 (July)......................
No. 2 (October)................
C
D OO
Ships with m axim um efficiency
3$1.90
......... 3 1.80
? Per 100 stem
292
GENERAL TABLES
t a b l e 51.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN HANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo—Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation
Ganghours
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Long Reve
nue
tons tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
Reve
per Long Reve
nue Long
gang tons tons
ton nue
ton
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
B an an as— Continued
Line No. 14—Continued.
No. 3 (March)..............
No. 4 (October)............
228.0
220.3
i 2 2 ,3 5 1
i 2 0 ,8 2 9
« 798.0
«1,026.0
100.0
100.0
1 7.
110.26
3$4.39
3 3.41
113.69
113.65
3$2. 56
3 2 .5 6
Ships with average efficiency
i 22,317
115,842
No. 5 (March).
No. 6 (M a y )...
216.3
«1,369.0
1,160.0
2 11.6
100.0
100.0
M o nthly summaries of ships discharging
1 134,260
1161,798
1248,480
i 254,397
1311,456
1 286,847
i 268, 743
i 240,805
i 249,190
i 238, 375
i 233, 533
1258,624
January, 8 ships........
February, 9 ships—
March, 14 ships....... .
April, 16 ships..........
May, 18 ships..........
June, 15 ships...........
July, 17 ships...........
August, 15 ships____
September, 14 ships.
October, 14 ships----November, 13 ships.
December, 13 ships..
2102. 5
2129.2
2 214.9
2 184.7
2 215.5
2195.0
2 180.4
2 157.4
2174.6
2173.3
2179.3
2201.2
®1.310.0
«1,252.0
®1,156.0
1,377.0
«1,445.0
«1,471.0
®1,490.0
«1, 530.0
«1,427.0
•1,376.0
«1,302. 0
«1,285.0
100.0......... 113.10
3$2.67
3 2.80
1 0 0 .0 _____ 112. 52
100. 0|........ 111.56 ___ 3 3.03
ioo. o:...... 113.77
3 2.54
100.0___ 114.45
3 2.42
100.0_____ 114.71
3 2.38
100.0_____ 114.90
3 2.35
1 0 0 .0 .......... 115.30
3 2.29
1 0 0 .0 .......... 114.27
3 2.45
100.0......... *13.76 ___ 3 2.54
100.0_____ 113.02
3 2.69
100.0_____ 112.85
3 2.72
Loading cargo
C otton
Line No. 15:
Total, 26 ships.................
24,615
* 109,214 1,220.5
20.2
4 89.5
16.9
1.19 <5.30 $0.50 <$0.11
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (February)...
No. 2 (November).
158
2,028
<700
<8,988
6.5
90.0
24.3 <107.7
22.5 <100.0
16. o! 1.52 <6.73 $0.39 <$0.09
16. l| 1.40 <6.22
.43
<.10
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (January)...............
No. 4 (August).................
465
427
<2,060
<1,892
31.0
29.0
15.0
14.7
<66.5
<65.2
18.0
17.1
0.83 <3.69 $0.72 <$0.16
.86 <3.82
.70 <.16
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January)...............
No. 6 (December)............
a Stems per conveyor-hour.
793
384
<3,517
<1, 701
1 Stems.
40.0
19.5
19.8
19.7
<87.9
<87.2
2 Conveyor-hours.
17.0
16.3
1.17 <5.17 $0.51 <$0.12
1.20 <5.34
.50 <.11
3 Per 100 stems,
<Bales,
293
MOBILE (1927)
T a b le 51.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABOR A N D LABO R COST IN HANDLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo—Continued
Ganghours
Commodity, ship number,
and date of operation,
Long
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
Reve men
Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue Long nue
gang tons tons ton ton
tons
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
L umber
Line No. 16:
Total, 17 ships.................. 32,834
618,667 2,445.3
13.4
*7.6
15.2
0.88 *0.50 $0.68 *$1.20
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June)................... I
No. 2 (July)......................
3,598
2,380
*2,039
*1,255
231.5
159.5
15.5
14.9
*8.8
*7.9
15.3
14.0
1.02 *0.58 $0.59 *$1.03
1.06 *.56
.57 *1.07
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (September)......... .
No. 4 (September)______
1,002
1,499
*551
*928
87.5
133.5
11.5
11.2
*6.3
*7.0
15.9
15.7
0.72 *0.40 $0.83 *$1.50
.72 *.44
.83 *1.36
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (December).
No. 6 (August)___
Line No. 17:
Total, 26 ships.
2.306
1,662
24,093
169.5
127.0
13.6
13.1
*7.7
*7.8
15.6
15.8
0.87 *0.50 $0.69 *$1.20
.83 *.49
.72 *1.22
* 13,399 1,962.0
12.3
*6.8
15.7
0.78 *0.43 $0.77 *$1.40
*1,306
*993
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (M ay).
No. 2 (July)..
3,424
1,063
*1,769
*631
199.5
64.0
17.2
16.6
*8.9
*9.9
13.9
15.8
1.23 *0.64 $0.49 $0.94
1.05 *.62
.57 *.97
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (March)........
No. 4 (September).
24
20
*13
*10
3.3
2.0
7.4
10.0
*4.1
*5.0
16.0
16.0
0.46 *0.26 $1.30 *$2.31
.63 5. 31
.95 *1.94
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (
No. 6 (April).
Line No. 18:
Total, 26 ships.
154
457
26,672
*86
*254
12.5
37.0
12.3
12.4
56.8
5 6.9
16.0
16.0
0.77 50.43 $0.78 5$1.40
.77 5.43
.78 5 1.40
* 15,689 2,778.6
9.6
55.7
14.0
0.69 50.40 $0.87 5$1.50
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (April)..
No. 2 (M ay)..
962
1,372
*566
*807
68.2
105.3
14.0
13.2
*8.3
*7.7
14.0
14.0
1.00 5 0.59 $0.60 *$1.02
.94 5.55
.64 * 1.09
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (October)...
No. 4. (February).
624
1,047
5 367
*616
77.8
125.3
8.1
8.4
*4.8
54.9
14.0
14.0
0.58 5 0.34 $1.03 *$1.76
.60 *. 35 1.00 *1.71
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January)...
No. 6 (February).
81,000 board feet.
1,518
*893
*402
158.6
71.3
9.5
9.5
*5.6
*5.6
14.0
14.0
0.68 *0.40 $0.88 *$1.50
.68 *.40
.88 *1.50
Charleston, S. C. (1927)
T a b l e 52.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO, BY
K IN D OF T R A D E AND IN D IV ID U A L COM M ODITIES
--------------- »
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
Long Reve
per Long Reve Long Reve
nue
gang tons nue
tons tons
ton nue
ton
ton
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Operation, line number, and
commodity
Reve
nue
tons
Long
tons
Ganghours
Foreign trade 1
Discharging cargo: Europe—
No. 1................................. 10,062
Loading cargo:
Europe—No. 2................. 5,759
Orient—No. 3................... 16,043
10,062
434.5
23.2
23.2
35.3
0.66
5,759
16,043
495.0
826.5
11.6
19.4
11.6
19.4
23.1
26.2
.50
.74
.50
.74
0.47
3 0.53
0.66 $0.61 $0.61
1.00
.68
1.00
.68
Intercoastal trade 3
Discharging cargo:
No. 4................................. 26,197
3 29,342
1,685.0
15.5
3
17.4
33.0
$0.84 3 $0.75
Coastwise trade 3
Discharging cargo:
No. 5.............. .
Loading cargo:
No. 6.............. .
3
116,910 * 225,739.5
3 0 .5 2
3$0.77
3 73,610 * 106,307.5
3 .6 9
3.58
Individual commodities 1
Discharging cargo:
Bananas No. 7__
Cement2—No. 8___
Kainit—No. 9.........
Nitrate of soda
No. 10...............
No. 11...............
Sulphur 2—No. 12—
Loading cargo:
Cotton9—
No. 13...............
No. 14...............
Lumber ®—No. 15..
12,274
37,748
* 899,125 4 86,454.0
12,274
497.0
1,348.5
37,748
24.7
28.0
24.7
28.0
27.4
40.6
0.90
.69
*10.40
«$2.88
.90 $0.44
.44
.69
.58
.58
35,499 7 391,659
60,178 7 661,525
5,737
5,737
823.0
1,480.5
153.0
43.1 7 475.9
40.6 7 446.8
37.5
37.5
40.7
39.9
31.9
1.06 7 11.70
1.02 711.20
1.18 1.18
.38 8 3.42
.39 8 3.57
.34
.34
22,663 io 102,064
15,147 «>67,326
5,355
5,355
1,214.5
895.5
711.5
18.7 W84.0
16.9 10 75.2
7.5
7.5
27.2
26.4
23.1
.69 10 3.10
.64 1° 2.80
.33
.33
.72 10.16
.78 10.18
1. 52 1.52
1 Wage rate: 40 cents per hour, except for cotton and lumber, for which the rate is 50 cents per hour*
2 Wage rate: 40 cents per hour.
3 Short tons.
4 Man-hours.
* Stems.
6 Per 100 stems.
7 Bags.
295
CHARLESTON (1927)
T a bl e 5 3 .— P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
F OREIGN TRAD E
Discharging cargo: Europe
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
tons tons
tons tons
ton nue
ton
L in e N o. 1
Total, 11 ships...... ........... ............. 110,062
10,062
434.5
23.2
23.2
35.3
0.66
0.66 $0.61 $0.61
1.13 $0.35 $0.35
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (March):
Beet pulp_________________
Fftrtinzftr
_ _ _
Total ,
299
266
299
266
........................
665
565
No. 2 (September):
Fertilizer__________________
General cargo______________
1,052
57
1,052
57
Total____________________
1,109
1,109
15.5
36.5
36.5
32.4
1.13
39.5
28.1
28.1
33.3
.84
.84
.48
.48
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (February):
Fertilizer__________________
General cargo______________
495
8
495
8
Total____________________
603
503
No. 4 (July):
Starch_____________________
Fertilizer.................................
147
281
147
281
Total____________________
428
428
29.0
17.3
17.3
36.6
0.47
22.5
19.0
19.0
36.0
.53
0.47 $0.85 $0.85
.53
.75
.75
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April):
China clay and cement_____
Saltpeter__________________
Starch_____________________
General cargo______________
1,157
580
310
70
1,157
580
310
70
Total......... ..........................
2,117
2,117
No. 6 (December):
Fertilizer.................................
Starch_____________________
722
148
722
148
Total.............. ................ ....
870
870
111.0
19.1
19.1
28.9
0.6&
32.5
26.8
26.8
39.0
.69
11.6
23.1
0.50
0.66 $0.61 $0.61
.69
.58
.58
Loading cargo: Europe
L in e N o. 2
Total, 9 ships................................
2 5,759
5,759
495.0
11.6
0.50 $1.00 $1.00
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (October):
Cotton____________________
Tobacco___________________
1,072
* 27
1,072
27
Total____________________
1,099
1,099
No. 2 (October):
Cotton____________________
Tobacco___________________
540
58
540
58
T ota l--____ _____________
598
598
59.0
18.6
18.6
22.2
0.84
30.0
19.9
19.9
24.6
.81
0.84 $0.60 $0.60
.81
.62
.62
1 Principal commodity: Fertilizer, 6,923 long tons.
2 Principal commodities: Cotton, 3,333 long tons; lumber and logs, 1,933 long tons; tobacco, 301 long tons.
296
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 53.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE-Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue ton nue
tons tons
tons tons
ton
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
L in e N o. 2—Continued
No. 3 (January):
Logs______________________
Lumber___________________
General cargo______________
876
291
87
876
291
87
Total____________________
1,254
1,254
No. 4 (March):
Logs and lumber___________
Tobacco___________________
129
30
129
30
Total____________________
159
159
190.0
6.6
6.6
23.2
0.28
26.0
6.1
6.1
18.5
.33
0.28 $1.79 $1.79
.33
1.52
1.52
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (August):
Cotton.........
Tobacco-----
570
75
Total.
No. 6 (February):
Logs------------
161
570
75
645
41.0
15.7
15.7
29.6
0.53
0.53
161
22.5
7.2
7.2
17.0
.42
.42
0.74
!0.94
1.19
1.19
Loading cargo: Orient
L in e N o . 3
Total, 11 ships..............................
Cotton.....................................
General cargo..........................
16,043
826.5
19.4
19.4
26.2
12,883 458,107
53,160
3,160
636.5
190.0
20.2 491.3
16.6 16.6
26.8
24.1
16,043
0.74 3$0.68 3$0.68
.75 43.40
.69
.69
.67
6.58
4. 15
6.58
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (September):
Cotton....... .............................
No. 2 (November):
Cotton....... .............................
1,255 4 5,700
43.0
29.2 4132.5
31.3
1,122 4 5,050
53.5
21.0 4 94.4
24.7
0.93 4 4.20 $0.54 4$0.12
.85 4 3.80
.59
4. 13
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (April):
Cotton....................................
Lumber...................................
Logs:......... .............................
General cargo..........................
T otal...................................
No. 4 (March):
Cotton.....................................
1,252 4 5,635
205
205 1
180 }
180
17
17 1
58.0
21.6 4 97.2
29.4
0.73 43.30 $0.68 4 $0.15
48.0
8.4
8.4
22.5
.37
.37
1.35
1.35
1,654
106.0
15.6
15.6
26.3
.59
.59
.85
.85
670 4 3,013
45.5
14.7 466.2
22.2
.66 4 3.00
.76
4. 17
1,654
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (June):
Cotton.....................................
Sulphate of ammonia.............
Total....................................
No. 6 (May):
Cotton....................................
Sulphate of ammonia.............
Total........ ............................
2,540 411,425
490
490
118.0
28.0
21.5 496.8
17.5 17.5
29.5
27.0
3,030
3,030
146.0
20.8
20.8
29.0
.72
.72
.69
.69
1,000 4 4,500
1,554
1, 554
47.5
68.5
21.1 494.7
32.7 32.7
32.3
26.9
.68 4 3.10
.84
.84
.74
.48
4. 16
.48
2,554
116.0
22.0
28.5
.77
.65
.65
2,554
22.0
0.73 4 3.30 $0.68 4$0.15
.62
.62
.65
.65
.77
3 Since cotton constituted bulk of cargo, the wage rate for cotton of 50 cents per hour was used.
4 Bales.
« Principal commodity: Sulphate of ammonia, 2,556 long tons.
• Regular rate of 40 cents per hour was used.
297
CHARLESTON (1927)
5 4 —PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G CARGO IN
IN TERCOASTAL TR AD E
T a b le
Discharging cargo
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev
Reve
per Long Rev
Long Rev
enue Long
enue gang
enue
nue
tons tons
tons tons1
1 ton ton i
tons1
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
L in e N o . 4
Total, 20 ships______ ___________ 226,197
29,342 1,685.0
15.5
17.4
33.0
0.47
0.53 $0.84 $0.75
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (October):
nan'ned salmon... ...............
C5ftT>T>ed fnilt*
S h in g le s
_
B e a n s .............. .....
General cargo___ ________
661
525
229
162
223
740
588
256
182
250
Total. .................................
1,800
2, 016
No. 2 (August):
Canned goods
Shingles
General cargo______________
386
125
425
432
140
476
T o ta l..................................
936
1,048
92.5
19.5
21.8
33.9
0.57
51.0
18.3
20.5
32.8
.56
0.64 $0.71 $0.63
.63
.71
.63
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (July):
Canned goods______________
Shingles.................. ................
General cargo_____ _________
404
452
562
T o ta l--................................
1,155
1,294
1,255
1,406
440
280
493
123
313
2,085
2,335
No. 4 (January):
Canned goods_____________
Shingles___________________
Flour......... ........................
General cargo______________
T o ta l.-................................
502
249
110
280
104.0
11.1
12.4
33.5
0.33
143.0
14.6
16.3
34.5
.42
0.37 $1.21 $1.08
.47
.95
.85
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March):
Canned goods.........................
Shingles.—....... ............... ......
Flour.......................................
Beans......................................
General cargo............ ............
788
166
110
101
230
883
186
123
113
257
T o ta l-.................................
1,395
1,562
No. 6 (June):
Canned goods.........................
Shingles...................................
General cargo..........................
173
280
234
194
314
261
Total. ..................................
687
769
1 Short tons.
83.0
16.8
18.8
35.0
0.48
45.5
15.1
16.9
32.2
.46
2 Principal commodities: Canned goods, 12,313 long tons; shingles, 6,221 long tons.
66490°-32----- 20
0.54 $0.83 $0.74
.52
.86
.77
298
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 5 5 .— PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
COASTWISE TRADE
Discharging cargo
Week ending—
Cargo
ton
nage
(reve
nue
tons*)
Manhours
Out
put
per
manhour
(reve
nue
tonsi)
La
bor
cost
per
reve
nue
ton 1
0.52
$0.77
L in e N o. 5—Con.
L in e N o . 5
Total, 216 ships..
116,910 225,739.5
Weeks with m aximum efficiency
1928
Apr. 19, 4 ships..
May 18, 4 ships..
2,115
1,740
3.329.0
2.735.0
0.64
.64
10.63
.63
Weeks with m inim um efficiency
1927
July 29, 4 ships..
Nov. 3, 4 ships__
Week ending—
1,670
2,570
4.379.0
6.111.0
0.38
.42
$1.05
.95
2,260
2,515
4.364.0
4.938.0
0.52
.51
10.77
.78
Other weeks
June 2, 5 ships...
June 9, 5 ships...
June 16, 5 ships..
June 23, 5 ships..
June 30, 4 ships..
July 14, 4 ships..
July 22, 5 ships..
Aug. 4, 5 ships...
Aug. 11, 4 ships..
Aug. 18, 4 ships..
2,235
1,375
2,150
2,165
2,600
1,465
2,070
2,195
2,275
1,905
3,966.0
2,616.0
4,054.0
3,626.0
4,731.0
2,636.0
3,869.0
4,721.0
4,590.0
3,980.0
0.56
.53
.53
.60
.55
.56
.54
.46
.50
.48
$0.71
.75
.75
.67
.73
.71
.74
.87
.80
.83
Manhours
Out
put
per
manhour
(reve
nue
tons*)
La
bor
cost
per
reve
nue
to n 1
Other weeks— Continued
1927
Aug. 25, 4 ships__
Sept. 1, 4 ships...
Sept. 15, 4 ships. _
Sept. 22, 4 ships. .
Sept. 29, 4 ships __
Oct. 6, 4 ships___
Oct. 13, 4 ships...
Oct. 20, 4 ships...
Oct. 27, 4 ships...
Nov. 10, 4 ships__
Nov. 17, 4 ships__
Nov. 24, 4 ships—
Dec. 1, 4 ships___
Dec. 8, 4 ships___
Dec. 15, 4 ships. __
Dec. 22, 4 ships...
Dec. 29, 3 ships...
2,235
2,210
1,880
2,680
2,670
2,770
3,075
2,290
2.530
2,285
1.825
1,990
1,915
1.825
1,750
1.530
800
4,674.0
4,524.0
4,131.0
6,039.0
5,823.0
5,843.0
6,373.0
5,176.0
5,689.0
5,112.0
4,199.5
4,435.0
3,958.0
3,558.0
3,661.0
2,830.0
1,364.0
0.48
.49
.46
.44
.46
.47
.48
.44
.44
.45
.43
.45
.48
.51
.48
.54
.59
2,205
4,520
4,620
3,080
4.150
2,460
2,885
2,285
1.910
2,405
1,950
2,110
1.830
2,450
1.910
1,930
1,665
1.830
1.150
3,591.0
7,599.0
7,600.0
5,750.0
7,176.0
5,266.0
5,295.0
4,176.0
3,764.0
4,363.0
3,841.0
3,701.0
3,080.0
4,006.0
3,278.0
3,294.0
2,639.0
3,268.0
2,018.0
.61
.59
.61
.54
.58
.47
.54
.55
.51
.55
.51
.57
.59
.61
.58
.59
.63
.56
.57
$0.83
.82
.87
.91
.87
.85
.83
.91
.91
.89
.93
.78
.83
.74
1928
Weeks with average efficiency
July 7, 5 ships...
Sept. 8, 4 ships..
Cargo
ton
nage
(reve
nue
tons i)
Jan. 5, 4 ships___
Jan. 12, 5 ships...
Jan. 19, 5 ships...
Jan. 26, 4 ships. _.
Feb. 7, 5 ships----Feb. 9, 4 ships___
Feb. 16, 4 ships. „
Feb. 23, 4 ships...
Mar. 1, 4 ships___
Mar. 8, 4 ships—
Mar. 15, 4 ships...
Mar. 22, 4 ships__
Mar. 29, 4 ships__
Apr. 5, 4 ships___
Apr. 12, 4 ships__
Apr. 26, 4 ships...
May 3, 4 ships___
May 10, 4 ships...
May 24, 3 ships__
Loading cargo
L in e N o. 6—Con.
L in e N o . 6
Total, 216 ships..
73,610 106,307.5
0.69
$0.58
Weeks with maxim um efficiency
Weeks with average efficiency
1927
July 14, 5 ships___
Oct. 27, 4 ships___
2,205
1,185
3,198.0
1,708.0
0.69
.69
$0.58
.58
1928
Jan. 5, 4 ships...
Feb. 23, 4 ships..
1,120
1,580
1.255.0
1.893.0
0.89
.83
Weeks with m in im um efficiency
Jan. 12, 4 ships..
905
1,623.0
0.56
$0.71
1,040
1,695.0
.61
.66
1927
Sept. 15, 4 ships.
1 Short tons.
Other weeks
$0.45
.48
June 2, 5 ships...
June 9, 5 ships...
June 16, 5 ships.
June 23, 5 ships.
June 30, 5 ships.
July 7, 4 ships..
July 21, 4 ships.,
July 28, 5 ships.
Aug. 4, 4 ships..
Aug. 11, 5 ships.
1,765
2,250
2,490
1,910
1,870
1,815
2,350
2,020
1,335
1,060
2,757.0
3,310.0
3,492.0
2,704.0
2,948.0
2,719.0
3,223.0
2,839.0
2,111.0
1,649.0
0.64
.68
.71
.71
.63
.67
.73
.71
.63
.64
$0.63
.59
.56
.56
.63
.60
.55
.56
.63
.63
299
CHARLESTON (1927)
T a b le 55.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OP LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLING CARGO IN
COASTWISE TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Week ending—
L ine N o. 6—Con.
Cargo
ton
nage
(reve
nue
tons1)
Manhours
Out
put
per
manhour
(reve
nue
tons1)
La
bor
cost
per
reve
nue
to n 1
Cargo
ton
nage
(reve
nue
tons1)
Week ending—
L ine N o. 6—Con.
Other weeks— Continued
Manhours
Out
put
per
manhour
(reve
nue
tons1)
La
bor
cost
per
reve
nue
to n 1
Other weeks—Continued
1928
1927
Aug. 18, 4 ships—
Aug. 26, 4 ships---Sept. 1, 4 ships----Sept. 8, 4 ships___
Sept. 22, 4 ships.
Sept. 29, 4 sh ip s...
Oct. 6, 4 ships........
Oct. 13, 4 ships___
Oct. 20, 4 ships___
Nov. 3, 4 sh ips___
Nov. 10,4 ships___
Nov. 17, 4 ships___
Nov. 24, 4 ships___
Dec. 1,4 ships.......
Dec. 8, 4 ships.......
Dec. 16, 4 ships___
Dec. 22, 4 ships___
Dec. 29, 4 ships___
975
1,085
1,110
1,200
1,920
1,165
1,430
935
1,180
1,185
1,120
1,285
1,535
1,325
1,775
1,500
1,220
925
1,553.5
1,644.0
1,747.0
1,853.0
2,993.0
1.718.0
2.111.0
1,454.0
1,686.0
1,837.0
1.844.0
2.039.0
2,281.0
2,138.0
2,593.0
2,050.0
1,612.0
1,197.0
0.63
.66
.64
.65
.64
.68
.68
.64
.70
.65
.61
.63
.67
.62
.68
.73
.76
.77
$0.63
.61
.63
.62
.63
.59
.59
.63
.57
.62
.66
.63
.60
.65
.59
.55
.53
.52
Jan. 19, 4 ships___
Jan. 26, 4 ships___
Feb. 2, 4 ships.......
Feb. 9, 4 ships.......
Feb. 16, 4 ships___
Mar. 1,4 ships.......
Mar. 8, 4 ships......
Mar. 15, 4 ships___
Mar. 22, 4 ships___
Mar. 29, 4 ships___
Apr. 5, 4 ships......
Apr. 12, 4 ships___
Apr. 19, 4 ships___
Apr. 26, 4 ships___
May 3, 4 ships.......
May 10, 4 ships___
May 18, 4 ships___
May 24, 4 ships___
1,310
1,330
1,300
1,950
1,290
1,695
1,095
1,395
1,145
1,265
1,325
1,475
1,040
1,145
1,345
1,385
960
1,390
1,751.0
1,881.0
1,676.0
2,763.0
1,698.0
2,334.0
1,552.0
1,926.0
1,683.0
1,772.0
1,824.0
1,976.0
1,422.0
1,485.0
1,812.0
1,874.0
1,314.0
2,090.0
0.75
.71
.78
.71
.76
.73
.71
.72
.68
.71
.73
.75
.73
.77
.74
.74
.73
.67
$0.53
.56
.51
.56
.53
.55
.56
.56
.59
.56
.55
.53
.55
.52
.54
.54
.55
.60
1 Short tons.
T a b le 56.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN HAN DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COM M ODITIES
Discharging cargo
Output per
gang hour
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Gang
hours
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
gang tons enue
tons ton ton
B ananas
Line N o. 7:
Total, 63 ships..__________
1899,126 2 86,454
110.40
3$2.88
115.33
114.01
3$1.96
3 2.14
18.32
17.51
3$3.61
33.99
110.30
110.68
8$2.91
32.81
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (February)..... ...........No. 2 (M ay)______________
U3,488
120,641
3880
31,466
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (September)..............
No. 4 (November)_________
115,006 31,803
115,258 3 2,031
Ships with average efficiency
No. 6 (October).....................
No. 6 (June)..........................
i Stems,
115,136 31,470
115,352 3 1,437
8Per 1QQstems,
300
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 56.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
B an an as— Continued
Line No. 7—Continued.
1927
June, 5 ships.........................
July, 4 ships..........................
August, 5 ships......... - .........
September, 4 ships.... ...........
October, 4 ships....... .............
November, 4 ships................
December, 4 ships.................
Rev
enue
tons
Ganghours
Long Rev
enue
tons tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
Rev
per Long Rev Long enue
gang tons enue
tons ton ton
Labor productivity and costs, by months
181,666
» 64,575
182,424
164,937
168,628
i 68,751
160,645
38,874
3 6,138
a 8,145
3 6,679
3 7,098
3 8,274
35,455
19.20
U0.52
U0.12
19.72
19.58
18.31
ill. 12
3$3.26
3 2.85
3 2.96
3 3.09
3 3.13
3 3.61
3 2.70
27,:
19.32
U2.77
111.04
U1.40
U2.44
3 3.22
3 2.35
3 2.72
3 2.63
3 2.41
0.90
!0.44 $0.44
1928
January, 4 ships__
February, 4 ships.
March, 4 ships___
April, 4 ships........
May, 7 ships.........
i 68,651
i 67,372
i 75, 111
170,413
1126,552
3 5,274
3 6,804
36,175
310,170
12,274
12,274
497.0
24.7
24.7
27.4
2,381
2,966
3,064
3, f “
2,381
2,965
3,064
3,864
107.5
129.0
22.1
25.1
25.4
31.4
27.8
40.6
C ement
Line No. 8:
Total, 4 ships___
No.
No.
No.
No.
1 (November.
2 (January)
3 (January)...
4 (January).._
K
111.0
149.5
23.0
27.6
25.8
22.1
23.0
27.6
25.8
37,748 1,348.5
28.0
28.0
0.90
.91
.45
.44
.45
.45
.44
.45
.43
a in it
Line No. 9:
Total, 10 ships...
37,748
0.69 $0.58 $0.58
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (October)__
No. 2 (December)..
8,301
2,191
8,301
2,191
319.0
62.0
26.0
35.3
26.0
35.3
30.7
46.0
0.85
.77
0.85 $0.47 $0.47
.77
.52
.52
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No 3 (January)............... ......
No. 4 (August)____________
2,184
4,170
2,184
4,170
90.5
160.0
24.1
26.1
24.1
26.1
44.0
46.1
0.55
.56
0.55 $0.73 $0.73
.56
.71
.71
Ships with average efficiency
4,093
5,000
141.0
150.0
29.0
33.3
29.0
33.3
41.9
47.8
Line N o. 10:
Total, 6 ships........................ 35,499 4391,659
823.0
43.1 4475.9
40.7
No. 5 (September)......... ......
No. 6 (August).....................
N itrate
of
* Stems.
0.69
.70
0.69 $0.68 $0.58
.57
.57
.70
Soda
1 (January)___________
2 (February)..................
3 (March).......................
4 (March).......................
5 (March_____________
No. 6 (February)___ ______
N o.
N o.
N o.
N o.
N o.
4,093
5,000
8,132
8,298
5,979
4,789
2,104
6,197
2Man-hours.
489,256
4 91,247
465,883
4 52,792
4 23,691
4 68,790
160.0
238.0
146.0
92.0
43.0
144.0
9 Per 100 stems.
50.8
34.9
41.0
52.1
48.9
43.0
4 557.8
4383.4
4451.3
4 573.8
4 551.0
4477.7
42.0
40.6
39.0
44.0
37.8
40.3
1.06 4 11.7 $0.38 5 $3.42
—■ it
.33 6 2.99
.47 M.26
.38 «3.45
.34 5 3.08
.31 6 2.74
.37 6 3.42
1.22 413.40
.86 49.40
1.05 411.60
1.18 413.00
1.29 414.60
1.07 4 11.70
* Per 100 bags.
301
CHARLESTON (1927)
T a b le 56 .—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN HANDLING IN DIVIDU AL
COM M ODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
Rev men
Long enue
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
tons tons gang tons enue
tons ton ton
Output per
gang-hour
N itrate of Soda—Contd.
Line No. 11: •
Total, 11 ships_____ _______ 60,178 * 661,525 1,480.5
40.6 *446.8
39.9
1.02 *11.20 $0.39 *$3.57
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January)___________
Total __________________
No. 2 (February)__________
Total_____ _____________
544
1,180
1,172
1,076
1,400
451
614
* 5,987
412,983
4 12,915
411,833
415,410
44,999
4 6,963
10.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
29.0
8.0
12.5
6,437 4 71,090
119.5
912
914
915
890
141
353
1,140
1,266
1,221
1,270
421
4 10,312
4 10,571
4 10,630
4 9,781
4 1,558
4 3,882
410,334
4 13,930
4 13,436
413,964
4 4,628
18.5
20.0
20.0
20.0
4.0
8.0
20.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
11.0
9,443 4 103,026
211.5
54.4
59.0
58.6
53.8
48.3
56.4
49.1
4 598.7
4 649.2
4 645.8
4 591.6
4 531.4
4 624.9
4 557.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
53.9 4 594.9
40.0
1.35 414.90
.30 62.68
4 557.4
*528.6
*531.5
* 489.1
4 389.5
4 485.3
4 516.7
4 464.3
4 447.9
4465.5
4 420.7
39.0
39.0
41.0
40.0
40.0
39.0
40.0
41.0
40.0
40.0
41.0
1.26 414.30
1.17 413.60
1.12 413.00
1.11 412.20
.88 49.70
1.13 412.40
1.43 412.90
1.03 411.30
1.02 411.20
1.06 411.60
.93 410.30
.32
.34
.36
.36
.45
.35
.28
.39
.39
.38
.43
44.6 4487.1
40.1
1.11 412.20
.36 *3.28
49.3
45.7
45.8
44.5
35.3
44.1
57.0
42.2
40.7
42.3
38.3
1.36 415.00 $0.29 *$2.67
1.48 416.20
.27 82.47
1.47 416.10
.27 62.48
1.35 414.80
.30 * 2.70
1.21 413.30
.33 4 3.01
1.41 415.60
.28 *2.56
1.23 413.90
.33 5 2.88
5 2.80
*2.94
*3.08
*3.28
*4.12
*3.23
*3.10
*3.54
*3.57
*3.45
*3.88
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (April)___ ____ ______
2,000 4 22,000
70.0
28.6 4 314.3
39.8
No. 4 (October)___________
1,010 411,101
735 4 8,114
30.0
20.0
33.7 4 370.0
36.7 4405.7
42.0
41.0
.80 4 8.80
.90 4 9.90
.50 *4.55
.44 *4.04
Total..................................
1,745 419,215
50.0
34.9 *384.3
41.6
.84 49.20
.48 *4.35
0.72 4 7.90 $0.56 *$5.06
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (M ay)................J........
Total................... ...............
No. 6 (September)................
Total................................
1,390
1,240
1,400
1,100
415,316
413,715
414,463
410,083
37.0
30.0
32.0
23.0
5,130 4 53,577
122.0
37.6
41.3
43.8
47.8
4413.9
4 457.2
4452.0
4 438.4
41.0
39.0
43.0
39.0
0.92 410.10 $0.43 *$3.96
1.06 411.70
.38 *3.42
1.02 410.50
.39 *3.81
1.22 411.20
.33 *3.57
42.0 4 439.2
40.7
1.03 410.80
.39 *3.70
41.5
41.1
44.0
37.8
4457.3
4454.1
*485.1
*415.9
40.0
39.0
43.0
43.0
1.04 411.40
1.05 *11.60
1.02 *11.30
.88 *9.70
.38
.38
.39
.45
41.2 *453.9
41.1
1.00 *11.00
.40 *3.64
4 12,348
416,346
414,552
411,230
27.0
36.0
30.0
27.0
4,940 454,476
120.0
5,737
5,737
153.0
37.5
37.5
31.9
1.18
1.18 $0.34 $0.34
851
1,276
1,875
450
510
775
851
1,276
1,875
450
510
775
21.0
37.0
51.5
10.0
11.0
22.5
40.5
34.5
36.4
45.0
46.4
34.4
40.5
34.5
36.4
45.0
46.4
34.4
35.2
27.8
32.9
34.2
32.3
32.2
1.15
1.24
1.11
1.32
1.44
1.07
1.15
1.24
1.11
1.32
1.44
1.07
1,120
1,480
1,320
1,020
*3.51
*3.45
*3.54
*4.12
Sulphur
Line No. 12:
Total, 6 ships........................
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
1 (June)_____ _________
2 (August)____________
3 (September)_________
4 (October)___________
5 (October)...................
6 (November)................
* Bags.
5 Per 100 bags.
.35
.32
.36
.30
.28
.37
• Data, except totals, are for daily or batch productivity and costs.
.35
.32
.36
.30
.28
.37
302
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 56.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Ganghours
Output per Aver Output per Average
cost
man-hour labor
gang-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
Long Rev
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
enue
tons tons gang tons enue
ton
tons ton
C otton
Line No. 13:
Total, 18 ships....................... 22,663 7 102,064 1,214.5
18.7 7 84.0
27.2
0.69 7 3.10 $0.72 7$0.16
Ships with m axim um efficiency
1,611
1,134
7 7,250
7 5,102
55.5
57.5
29.0 7 130.6
19.7 788.7
30.9
24.6
0.94 7 4. 20 $0.53 7 $0.12
.80 7 3.60
.63 7.14
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (January)...................
No. 4 (January)...................
560
840
7 2,521
7 3,779
54.0
55.0
10.4 7 46.7
15.3 768.7
30.0
26.0
05
©_________
No. 1 (October).
No. 2 (March). _
0.35
$1.43 7 $0.31
.59 7 2.60
.85 7.19
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (June)...
No. 6 (March).
Line No. 14:
Total, 13 ships..
890
1,525
74,010
76,861
49.5
88.0
18.0 7 81.0
17.3 7 78.0
26.1
24.8
0.69 7 3.10 $0.72 7 $0.16
.71 7.16
.70 7 3.10
15,147 7 67,326
895.5
16.9 7 75.2
26.4
0.64 7 2.8 $0.78 7$0.18
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (January)___
No. 2 (November) _
845
897
7 3,480
7 4,034
41.0
42.5
20.6 7 84.9
21.1 794.9
22.8
28.0
0.91 73.70 $0.55 7$0.14
.75 7 3.40
.67 7.15
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (August)...
No. 4 (January).
1,
1,464
75,682
76,589
85.0
103.5
14.9 766.8
14.1 7 63.7
28.0
25.3
0.53 7 2.40 $0.94 7 $0.21
.56 7 2.50
.89 7.20
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March) .
No. 6 (July)___
1,633
703
7 7,189
7 3,163
104.5
40.5
5,355
5,355
711.5
15.6 768.8
17.4 7 78.1
24.2
27.0
0.64 7 2.80 $0.78 7 $0.18
.64 7 2.90
.78 7.17
7.5
23.1
0.33
L umber
Line No. 15:
Total, 14 ships.
7.5
0.33 $1.52 $1.52
Ships with m aximum efficiency
. 1 (N ovem ber).............
.2 (November)..............
240
601
240
601
23.5
70.5
10.2
8.5
10.2
8.5
22.0
19.0
0.46
.45
0.46 $1.09 $1.09
.45 1.11 1.11
Ships with m im im um efficiency
No. 3 (January).
No. 4 (April)___
185
340
185
340
36.5
52.0
5.1
6.5
5.1
6.5
28.0
28.0
0.18
.23
0.18 $2.78 $2.78
.23 2.17 2.17
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (M ay).
No. 6 (M ay).
7Bales,
266
583
266
583
37.0
79.0
7.2
7.4
7.2
7.4
22.5
23.7
0.32
.31
0.32 $1.56 $1.56
.31 1.61 1.61
Savannah (1927)
T a b le 57..—PRODU CTIVITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G CARGO,
B Y KIN D OF T R A D E AN D IN DIVIDU AL COM M ODITIES
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
Long Rev
Long Rev
per Long Rev
enue
enue
tons enue
tons gang tons tons ton ton
Cargo tonnage
Operation, line number, and
commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Ganghours
Foreign trade 1
Discharging cargo: Europe—
No. 1............................... .
Loading cargo:
Europe—
No. 2..........................
No. 3..........................
No. 4........ .................
Orient—No. 5...................
15,236
15,236
730.0
20.9
20.9
26.9
0.78
0.78 $0.58 $0.58
23,966
24,288
33,365
19,807
23,966
24,288
33,365
19,807
1,342.0
1,393.5
2,330.5
835.0
17.9
17.4
14.3
23.7
17.9
17.4
14.3
23.7
21.0
21.8
21.4
20.7
.85
.80
.67
1.15
.85
.80
.67
1.15
.53
.63
.67
.39
.53
.63
.67
.39
Coastwise trade 3
Discharging cargo:
No. 6................
No. 7................
Loading cargo:
No. 8................
No. 9................
3 270,942
3 122,747
<330,152.0
<163,055.0
3 0 .8 2
3 .7 5
3$0.49
3.53
3297,396 < 185,695.0
3 82,664 <86,176.0
3 1.
3 .9 6
3 .2 5
3 .4 2
Individual commodities 1
Discharging cargo:
2,682
Burlap—No. 10...........
21,357
21,357
Fertilizer—No. 11.......
Nitrate of soda—No. 12.. 49,260
49,260
Raw sugar—No. 13....... . 122,407 122,407
Refined sugar—No. 14...
9,705
9,705
Loading cargo:
Cotton 5—
No. 15..................... .
28,318 « 125,645
No. 16..................... .
22,350 « 100,483
No. 17......................
33,015 « 148,569
88.5
646.0
920.5
2,162.5
274.0
30.5
33.1
53.5
56.6
35.4
30.5
33.1
53.5
56.6
35.4
41.5
39.1
57.0
33.0
43.8
1,255.8
915.5
1,651.0
22.5 • 100.1
24.4 • 109.8
20.0 6 90.0
28.9
32.0
30.3
1 Wage rate: 45 cents per hour, except for cotton and lumber.
2 Wage rate: 40 cents per hour.
3 Short tons.
0.73
.85
.94
1.72
.81
0.73 $0.62 $0.62
.85
.53
.53
.94
.48
.4 8
1.72
.26
.26
.81
.56
.56
.78 ®3.50
.76 ®3.40
.66 6 3.00
.64 «.14
.66 • . 15
.76 6.17
< Man-hours.
5 Wage rate: 50 cents per hour.
6 Bales.
303
304
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 5 8 — P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COSTS IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E
Discharging cargo: Europe
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Output per Aver Output per Average
labor cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve per Long Reve Long Reve
nue gang tons nue ton nue
tons tons
tons
ton
L ine N o . 1
Total, 15 ships_________________ »15,236
15,236
730.0
20.9
20.9
26.9
0.78
0.78 $0.58 $0.58
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (April):
Saltpeter (bags)____________
General cargo______________
1,071
260
1,071
260
Total____________________
1,331
1,331
No. 2 (October):
Fertilizer. ________________
General cargo______________
1,376
419
1,376
419
Total____________________
1,795
1,795
46.5
28.6
28.6
27.7
1.03
1.03 $0.44 $0.44
60.0
29.9
29.9
28.8
1.04
1.04
.43
.43
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (July):
Structural steel_____________
General cargo______________
765
316
765
316
T otal-_ ________________
1,081
1,081
No. 4 (September):
Fertilizer ________________
Burlap
_______________
General cargo______________
1,260
198
71
1,260
198
71
T otal.____ _______ _______
1,529
1,529
84.0
12.9
12.9
21.5
0.60
96.0
15.9
15.9
25.4
.63
0.60 $0.75 $0.75
.63
.71
.71
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (May):
Cement- _________________
General cargo
848
356
848
356
__________ _____
1,204
1,204
No. 6 (October):
Fertilizer
_ . __________
Saltpeter
_
_
Sulphate of ammonia (bulk)__
General cargo
1,362
985
268
160
1,362
985
268
160
2,775
2,775
T otal--
Total_____ ______________
53.5
22.5
22.5
29.1
0.77
133.0
20.9
20.9
27.0
.77
17.9
21.0
0.85
0.77 $0.58 $0.58
.77
.58
.58
Loading cargo: Europe
L in e N o . 2
Total, 23 ships............................... 2 23,966
23,966 1,342.0
17.9
0.85 $0.53 $0.53
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (March): Rosin and tur
pentine (barrels)-------------------No. 2 (October): Rosin and tur
pentine (barrels)_____________
383
383
12.0
31.9
31.9
24.6
1.30
1.30 $0.35 $0.35
289
289
11.5
25.1
25.1
20.8
1.21
1.21
.37
.37
1 Principal commodity: Fertilizer, 10,113 tons.
2 Principal commodities: Rosin and turpentine, 10,232 long tons; lumber and lumber products, 5,618
long tons; cottonseed meal and cake, 3,236 long tons.
F
ig u r e
46.— l
o a d in g
naval
st o r e s
in
S
avannah
305
SAVANNAH (1927)
T a b le 5 8 .—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COSTS IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
tons tons
ton nue
tons tons
ton
Skips with m inim um efficiency
L in e N o. 2—Continued
No. 3 (February): Staves----------
856
856
No. 4 (June):
Rosin and turpentine (bar
rels)
_________________
Hardwood_________________
General cargo______________
516
256
89
516
256
89
Total................... ...............
861
861
70.0
12.2
12.2
23.7
0.52
66.0
13.0
13.0
22.0
.59
0.52 $0.87 $0.87
.59
.76
.76
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (April):
Rosin and turpentine (bar
__
rels)
Oyster shells
_____
General cargo
__
203
325
157
203
325
157
Total------------------------------
685
685
32.0
21.4
21.4
24.2
0.89
No. 6 (October): Rosin and tur
pentine (barrels)--------------------
519
519
27.0
19.2
19.2
22.1
.87
17.4
17.4
21.8
0.80
26.7 3119.0
9.2
9.2
23.1 4103.7
21.4 21.4
15.6 15.6
30.0
17.2
21.6
16.7
21.4
.89 33.97
.54
.54
1.07 4 4.80
1.28 1.28
.73
.73
0.89 $0.51 $0.51
.87
.52
.52
L ine N o . 3
Total, 11 ships______ _____ _____
Cotton__________ ________—
Lumber and logs....................
Rosin and turpentine_______
Cottonseed meal and oil cake.
General cargo--------- ------------
24,288
24,288 1,393.5
10,987 348,983
5,933
5,933
5,003 4 22,458
1,702
1,702
663
663
411.5
643.5
216.5
79.5
42.5
0.80 $0.63 $0.63
.56 3.13
.93
.93
.42 4. 09
.35
.35
.62
.62
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January):
Cotton................................. .
Rosin--------------------- --------- Cottonseed cakes..................
Logs and lumber.......... .........
General cargo-----------------Total-----------------------------No. 2 (June):
Cotton---------------- --------—
Rosin and turpentine----------Lumber............................ —
T o ta l-.................................
25.2 3110.4
23.5 4108.5
22.0 22.0
14.2 14.2
7.6
7.6
30.3
22.2
16.3
21.3
18.0
22.5
22.5
23.1
49.0
10.5
15.0
25.8 3113.7
28.4 4131.0
12.5 12.5
28.3
20.3
15.1
74.5
23.5
24.5
1,200 3 5,244
388 4 1,790
1,001
1,001
135
135
19
19
47.5
16.5
45.5
9.5
2.5
2,743
121.5
1,264 3 5,570
298 41,375
188
188
1,750
2,743
1,750
23.5
0.83 33.60 $0.60 3$0.14
1.05 44.90
.43 4.09
.34
1.32 1.32
.34
.76
.66
.76
.66
.42
.42 1.07 1.07
.97
.97
.91 34.00
1.40 4 6.50
.83
.83
.96
.96
.52
.52
.55 3.13
.32 4.07
.60
.60
.52
.52
with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (April-May):
Cotton--------------------Rosin and turpentine _
Lumber-------------------
708 33,184
225 41,040
450
450
34.0
10.5
59.0
Total........................
1,383
103.5
No. 4 (July):
Rosin and turpentine..
Lumber_____________
General cargo_______
842 43,825
576
576
19
19
44.5
74.0
1.5
1,437
120.0
1,437
Total------ -------------
3Bales.
20.8 3 93.
21.4 499.0
7.6
7.6
13.4
32.0
20.0
17.2
13.4
22.3
18.9 4 86.0
7.8
7.8
12.7 12.7
24.5
17.1
12.0
19.9
12.0
0.65 3 2.90 $0.77 $0.17
.42 4.09
1.07 4 5.00
.44
.44 1.14 1.14
.60
.60
43.50
.46
20.0
4 Barrels.
.60
.60
.83
.83
.58 4.13
1.09 1.09
.71
.71
.83
.83
306
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 58.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COSTS IN HAN DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN T R AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
man-hour
gang-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue Long
tons tons
ton nue
tons tons
ton
L ine N o. 3—Continued
No. 5 (January):
Cotton____________________
T.nmber
Cottonseed meal___________
General cargo______________
Ships with average efficiency
1,488 3 6,697
502
503
251
251
107
107
1.22 3 5.50 $0.41 8$0.09
.42
.42 1.19 1.19
1.14 1.14
.39
.39
.56
.56
.80
.80
38.2 3171.7
6.3
6.3
20.9 20.9
11.3 11.3
31.3
14.9
18.3
20.0
16.9
16.9
20.2
25.7 3114.3
24.4 4111.1
9.6
9.6
18.2 18.2
19.3 19.3
31.0
23.7
22.3
15.2
23.7
21.9
21.9
26.4
.76
14.3
21.4
0.67
Cotton____________________
7,910 8 35,592
414.0 19.1 386.0
13.3
General cargo______________ 825,455 25,455 1,916.5 13.3
30.0
19.7
Total...... ......... ............ ......
No. 6 (February):
Cotton____________________
Rosin_____________________
Tiiimhpr
...
_
Cottonseed meal___________
General cargo______________
Total ________ ___________
2,348
39.0
79.5
12.0
9.5
2,348
140.0
1,543 86,858
330 41,500
320
320
100
100
222
222
60.0
13.5
33.5
5.5
12.5
2,515
125.0
2,515
.83
.83
.60
.60
.83 8 3.70
1.03 44.70
.43
.43
1.19 1.19
.75
.75
.60
.44
1.16
.38
.60
3.14
4. 15
1.16
.38
.60
.66
.66
.76
L ine N o. 4
Total, 15 ships_____ ___________
33,365
33,365 2,330.5 14.3
0.67 $0.67 $0.67
.64 3 2.90
.68
.68
.78
.66
3.17
.66
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January):
Cotton____________ ____ ___
Rosin and t u r p e n t i n e
(barrels)_________________
Paper_____________________
11.0
25.2 3113.3
30.0
0.84 3 3.80 $0.60 i$0.13
1,136
114
1,136 }
114
65.5
19.1
19.1
17.7
1.08
1.08
.42
.42
Total........... ........................
1,527
1,527
76.5
20.0
20.0
19.4
1.03
1.03
.44
.44
No. 2 (June):
Rosin and t u r p e n t i n e
(barrels)
Logs and lumber___________
General cargo______________
1,703
307
50
1,703
307
50
2,060
2,060
98.5
20.9
20.9
23.3
.90
.90
.50
.50
Total..................................
277 31,246
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (December):
Cotton____________________
Rosin and t u r p e n t i n e
(barrels)......... ....................
Logs______________________
General cargo__ ___ —______
1,229
722
33
1,229 1
722 y 204.0
33
2,300
316 81,420
18.0
222.0
17.6 3 78.9
30.0
0.59 3 2.60 $0.85 8$0.19
9.7
9.7
19.1
.51
.51
.88
.88
10.4
10.4
20.0
.52
.52
.87
.87
Total................... ................
2,300
No. 4 (May):
Cotton____________________
Rosin and t u r p e n t i n e
(barrels)_________________
Lumber and logs___________
14.5 3 65.4
30.0
.48 3 2.20
1.04
3.23
1,357
524
1,357 }
524
186.0
10.1
10.1
21.1
.48
.48
.94
.94
Total....................................
2,106
2,106
201.5
10.5
10.5
21.8
.48
.48
.94
.94
225 31,014
15.5
8 Bales.
4 Barrels.
8 Principal commodities: Rosin and turpentine, 17,614 tons; lumber and logs, 6,318 tons.
307
SAVANNAH (1927)
T a b le 58.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue Long
tons tons gang tons tons
ton nue
ton
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons
Ships with average efficiency
L in e N o. 4— Continued
No. 5:
Rosin and t u r p e n t i n e
(barrels)_____________ ___
Cottonseed meal___________
General cargo............ .............
1,575
201
96
1,575
201
96
Total____________ _______
1,872
1,872
160.0
11.7
11.7
17.7
1,934
3 8,701
No. 6 (November):
Cotton____________________
Rosin and t u r p e n t i n e
(barrels)________ _______
Logs............ ...........................
General cargo______________
Total____________________
0.66
0.66 $0.68 $0.68
107.5
18.0 3 80.9
30.0
.60 3 2.70
.83
*.19
1,149
660
129
1,149 1
660
129
144.0
13.5
13.5
16.8
.80
.80
.56
.56
3,872
3,872
251.5
15.4
15.4
22.4
.69
.69
.65
.65
>
Loading cargo: Orient
L in e No. 5
Total, 13 ships...... .....................—
Rosin and turpentine.............
General cargo..........................
19,807
19,807
835.0
23.7
23.7
20.7
1.15
15,868 <74,484
3,939
3,939
593.5
241.5
26.7 <125.5
16.3 16.3
21.5
18.9
1.24 <5.80
.87
.87
1.15 $0.39 $0.39
.36
.51
<.08
.51
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (September): Rosin and
turpentine..................................
No. 2 (October): Rosin and tur
pentine.......................................
3,466 < 16,274
97.5
35.5 <166.9
20.8
1.71 <8.00 $0.26 <$0.06
3,768 <17,684
112.0
33.6 <157.9
19.1
1.76 <8.30
.26
<.05
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (July): Rosin and turpen
tine.............................................
816
<3,830
47.0
17.4 <81.5
23.0
No. 4 (December):
Rosin and turpentine.............
Lumber...................................
270
1,148
<1,219
1,148
13.0
99.5
20.8 <93.8
11.5 11.5
22.6
16.4
.92 <4.20
.70
.70
.49
.64
<.11
.64
Total....................................
1,418
1,418
112.5
12.6
17.2
.73
.62
.62
12.6
0.75 <3.50 $0.60 <$0.13
.73
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (May): Rosin and turpen
tine.............................................
No. 6 (May-June): Rosin and
turpentine..................................
933
<4,381
37.0
25.2 <118.4
23.0
1.10 <5.10 $0.41 <$0.09
2,916 <13,690
114.0
25.6 <120.0
21.0
1.22 <5.70
8Bales.
<Barrels.
.37
<.08
308
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 59.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN HANDLING CARGO IN
COASTW ISE TRAD E
Discharging cargo
Week ending—
Cargo
tonnage
(reve
nue
tons 0
Manhours
Out
put
per
manhour
(reve
nue
tons1)
Labor
cost
per
reve
nue
ton1
Week ending-
Cargo
tonnage
(reve
nue
tons 0
Other weeks
L in e N o . 6
Total, 229 ships..
270,942 330,152.0
0.82
$0.49
Weeks with m aximum efficiency
Dec. 21, 3 ships.
1,685
1,500
2,069
1,828.5
1,602.5
2,378.5
Total.......
5,254
5,809.5
.90
.44
788
1,096
873
985
1,180
529
873
807.0
1,322.0
1,063.5
1,115.5
1,283.5
518.0
1,010.0
.98
.83
.82
.88
.92
1.02
.86
.41
.48
.49
.45
.43
.39
.47
6,324
7,119.5
.89
.45
Apr. 30,7 ships..
Total-
0.92
.94
.87
$0.43
.43
.46
Weeks with m inim um efficiency
Oct. 31, 5 ships___
1,994
2,420
2,082
2,093
1,985
2,835.0
3,488. 5
2,828. 5
2,953.0
2,852.0
Total_____
10, 574
14,957.0
.71
.56
Nov. 7, 3 ships. _
1,887
1,588
1, 710
2,684.0
2, 232.0
2,301.0
.70
.71
.74
.57
.56
.54
5,185
7, 217.0
.72
.56
Total-
Manhours
Out
put Labor
per cost
man- per
hour reve
(reve nue
nue t o n 1
tons1)
0.70
.69
.74
.71
.70
$0.57
.58
.54
.56
.57
Weeks with average efficiency
L in e N o. 6—Con.
6,211
Jan. 7, 5 ships____
Jan. 14, 5 ships___
6,915
7,394
Jan. 21, 5 ships___
Jan. 31, 7 ships___ 10,620
Feb. 7, 5 ships___
7,957
6,932
Feb. 14, 5 ships__
Feb. 21, 5 ships___ 5,777
5,704
Feb. 28, 5 ships__
Mar. 7, 5 ships___
5,449
3,920
Mar. 14, 3 ships. ..
Apr. 7, 5 ships___
5,767
4,719
Apr. 14, 5 ships__
3,820
Apr. 21, 4 ships__
3,582
May 7, 4 ships___
May 14, 4 ships.... 3,581
May 21, 6 ships.__ 5,774
May 31, 7 ships.... 6,322
3,482
June 7, 4 ships___
4,651
June 14, 5 ships__
June 21, 5 ships.... 4,045
June 30, 6 ships.... 6,037
July 7, 5 ships____ 4,178
July 14, 5 ships___ 4,201
3,945
July 21, 5 ships___
July 31, 7 ships___ 6,507
4,137
Aug. 7, 5 ships___
4,952
Aug. 14, 5 ships—
4,928
Aug. 21, 5 ships__
6,308
Aug. 31, 6 ships__
5,127
Sept. 7, 5 ships___
4,649
Sept. 14, 4 ships.
6,919
Sept. 21, 5 ships.
Sept. 30, 7 ships... 7,628
5,266
Oct. 7, 5 ships____
6,834
Oct. 14, 5 ships___
3,154
Oct. 21, 2 ships___
4,987
Nov. 14, 3 ships.
Nov. 21, 3 ships. .. 4,876
Nov. 30, 3 ships. .. 4,361
Dec. 7, 3 ships____ 4,780
Dec. 14, 3 ships___ 5,425
Dec. 31, 4 ships___ 8,238
7,100.5
8,883.5
9,276.0
13,608.0
9,588.5
9,231.0
7,215.0
7,105.0
7,090.0
4,977.0
6,628.5
5,350.5
4,348.0
4,250.0
4,195.5
6,627.0
7,353.5
4,097.0
5,443.5
4,592.5
7,176.0
4,972.0
4,923.5
4,661.5
7,634.0
5,272.0
5,814.0
6,041.0
7,539.0
6,233.5
5,245.5
8,359.5
9,010.5
6,472.0
8,779.5
4,343.0
6,492.0
6,063.0
5,391.0
5,825.5
6,122.5
9,252.0
0.87
.78
.80
.78
.83
.75
.80
.80
.77
.79
.87
.88
.88
.84
.85
.87
.86
.85
.85
.88
.84
.84
.85
.85
.85
.78
.85
.82
.84
.82
.89
.83
.85
.81
.78
.73
.77
.80
.81
.82
.89
.89
$0.46
.51
.50
.51
.48
.53
.50
.50
.52
.51
.46
.45
.45
.48
.47
.46
.47
.47
.47
.45
.48
.48
.47
.47
.47
.51
.47
.49
.48
.49
.45
.48
.47
.49
.51
.55
.52
.50
.49
.49
.45
.45
Total, 212 ships.... 122,747 163,055.0
0.75
$0.53
L ine N o. 7
2,222
1,475
1,300
1,151
1,331
1,058
3,130.5
1,714.5
1,432.5
1,326.0
1,364.5
1,380.5
Total........
8,537
10,348.5
.82
.49
Mar. 31, 5 ships _
1,276
722
1,068
882
1,061
1,549.0
734.5
1,372.5
1,340.5
1,121.0
.82
.98
.78
.66
.95
.49
.41
.51
.61
.42
5,009
6,117.5
.82
.49
Mar. 21,6 ships. _.
Total..
1 Short tons.
0.71
.86
.91
.87
.98
.77
$0.56
.47
.44
.46
.41
.52
Weeks with m axim um efficiency
Feb. 7, 4 ships..
Total.......
Nov. 7, 4 ships.
Total..
604
1,260
657
704
3,215
484
822
572
631
2,509
830.0
808.0
943.0
957.0
3,628.0
600.0
1,000.0
700.0
850.0
3,15tt 0
0.73
1.39
.70
.74
.89
.81
.82
.82
.74
.80
$0.55
.29
.57
.54
.45
.49
.49
.49
.54
.50
309
SAVANNAH (1927)
T a b le 59.—P R O D U C TIV ITY
OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
COASTWISE TBADE—Continued
Discharging cargo—Continued
Week ending—
Cargo
tonnage
(reve
nue
tons!)
Manhours
Out
put
per
manhour
(reve
nue
tons1)
Labor
cost
per
reve
nue
ton1
Week ending—
Weeks with m inim u m efficiency
Total____
Feb. 14, 4 ships-----
Total..
750
776
467
796
1,220.0
900.0
750.0
1,200.0
2,789
4,070.0
578
801
552
778
820.0
1,100.0
920.0
1,100.0
2,709
3,940.0
0.61
.86
.62
$0.66
.70
.73
.60
.71
.57
.55
.67
.56
.47
.65
.61
.58
.58
Weeks with average efficiency
Jan. 14, 4 ships-----
Total___
July 7, 4 ships.
Total..
446
475
423
700.0
650.0
525.0
800.0
0.64
.73
.81
.83
$0.63
.55
.49
2,010
2,675.0
.75
.53
444
442
521
770.0
600.0
600.0
700.0
.77
.74
.74
.74
.52
.54
.54
.54
2,001
2,670.0
.75
.53
Other weeks
Jan. 7, 4 ships—
Jan. 31, 6 ships. _
Feb. 21, 4 ships. _
Manhours
Out
put
per
manhour
(reve
nue
tons1)
Labor
cost
per
reve
nue
to n 1
Other weeks—Continued
L in e No. 7—Con.
L in e N o . 7— Con.
Jan. 21, 4 ships-----
Cargo
tonnage
(reve
nue
tons l)
2,012
3,485
2,338
2.731.0
4.710.0
3.030.0
0.74
.74
.77
$0.54
.54
.52
Feb. 28, 4 ships___ 2,652
Mar. 7, 4 ships
2,535
Mar. 14, 4 ships__ 2,573
Mar. 21, 5 ships. __ 2,553
Mar. 31, 5 ships__ 2,613
Apr. 7, 4 ships
2,243
Apr. 14, 4 ships___ 2,113
Apr. 21, 4 ships___ 2,371
Apr. 30, 6 ships----- 2,784
May 7, 4 ships...
2,405
May 14, 4 ships___ 1,783
May 21,4 ships___ 2,030
May 31, 6 ships___ 3,341
June 7, 4 ships------ 1,921
June 14, 4 ships___ 1,819
June 21, 4 ships___ 2,138
June 30,4 ships___ 2,161
July 14, 4 ships___ 1,741
July 21, 4 ships___ 2,254
July 31, 6 ships----- 3,140
Aug. 7, 4 ships___
2,352
Aug. 14, 4 ships---- 2,175
Aug. 21, 4 ships---- 2,146
Aug. 31, 7 ships___ 3,914
Sept. 7, 4 ships----- 2,993
Sept. 14, 4 ships.__ 2,584
Sept. 21, 4 ships. __ 3,093
Sept. 30, 5 ships. __ 4,340
Oct. 7, 4 ships........ 3,455
Oct. 14, 4 ships___ 2,343
Oct. 21, 4 ships___ 2,190
Oct. 31, 6 ships___ 3,912
Nov. 14, 4 ships. __ 2,651
Nov. 21, 5 ships__ 2.479
Nov. 30, 5 ships__ 2,720
Dec. 7, 4 ships....... 2,082
Dec. 14, 4 ships___ 2,617
Dec. 21, 4 ships___ 2,209
Dec. 31, 6 ships___ 2,254
3,621.0
3,448.0
3,710.0
3,468.0
3,667.0
3,251.0
2,700.0
3,210.0
3,595.0
3,150.0
2,341.0
2,630.0
4,322.0
2,455.0
2,450.0
2,760.0
3,010.0
2,350.0
3,050.0
4,100.0
3,050.0
2,893.0
2,858.0
5,335.0
3,900.0
3,456.0
3,998.0
5,592.0
4,680.0
3,168.0
2,788.0
5,000.0
3,450.0
3, 200. 0
3,700.0
2,800. 0
3,350.0
2,920.0
3, 025. 0
0.73
.74
.69
.74
.71
.69
.78
.74
.77
.76
.76
.77
.77
.78
.74
.77
.72
.74
.74
.77
.77
.75
.75
.73
.77
,75
.77
.78
.74
.74
.79
.78
.77
.77
.74
.74
.78
.76
.75
$0.55
.54
.58
.54
.56
.58
.51
.54
.52
.53
.53
.52
.52
.51
.54
.52
.56
.54
.54
.52
.52
.53
.53
.55
.52
.53
.52
.51
.54
.54
.51
.51
.52
.52
.54
.54
.51
.53
.53
Loading cargo
L in e No. 8
Total, 228 ships— 297,396 185,695.0
1.60
$0.25
Weeks with m aximum efficiency
July 14, 5 ships-----
Total............
July 21, 5 ships___
Total............
915
659
1,147
603
1,724
5,048
864
1,232
1,149
869
1,305
5,419
i Short tons.
477.0
290.0
620.0
285.0
807.0
2,479.0
491.5
563.5
528.0
418.0
692.0
2,693.0
1.92
2.27
1.85
2.12
2.14
2.04
1.76
2.19
2.18
2.08
1.89
2.01
$0.21
.18
.22
.19
.19
.20
.23
.18
.18
.19
.21
.20
L in e N o. 8—Con.
Feb. 21,5 ships___
Total
T
lyT-- P
95Wsnips___
Mar.
7,
Total............
Weeks with m inim um
efficiency
1,559
1,675
1,956
1,546
2,141
1,253.0
1,407.0
1,463.5
1,106.0
1,733.0
1.24
1.19
1.34
1.40
1.24
$0.32
.34
.30
.29
.32
8,877
6,962. 5
1.27
.31
910
1,171
2,022
1,442
1,254
614.5
1,057. 5
1,570.0
1,216; 5
782.5
1.48
1.11
1.29
1.19
1.60
.27
.36
.31
.34
.25
6,799
5,241.0
1.30
.31
310
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 59.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
COASTW ISE TR AD E-C ontinued
Loading cargo— Continued
Week ending—
Cargo
tonnage
(reve
nue
tons!)
Manhours
Out
put
per
manhour
(reve
nue
tons1)
Labor
cost
per
reve
nue
ton1
Weeks with average efficiency
L in e N o . 8—Con.
Apr. 30, 7 ships-----
Total—
Oct.31, 5 ships.
Total..
1.63
1.62
1.46
$0.25
.25
.27
.18
.27
.25
.22
968
1,528
2,029
790
1,929
1,192
1,290
592.5
942.0
1.388.0
358.0
1.288.0
739.0
724.0
9,726
6,031.5
1.61
.25
1,508
1,381
2,220
1,139
1,304
941.0
933.0
1,352.0
723.0
801.0
1.60
1.48
1.64
1,58
1.63
.25
.27
.24
.25
.25
7,552
4,750.0
1.5
.25
8,297
Jan. 7, 5 ships-----9,104
Jan. 14, 5 ships—
6,717
Jan. 21, 4 ships___
Jan. 31, 7 ships---- 11,503
7,315
Feb. 7, 5 ships----7,652
Feb. 14, 5 ships—
Feb. 28, 5 ships.... 6,014
5.932
Mar. 14, 4 ships...
8,464
Mar. 21, 6 ships...
7,078
Mar. 31, 5 ships...
8,262
Apr. 7, 4 ships----Apr. 14, 5 ships.... 6,339
5,088
Apr. 21,4 ships...
5,384
M ay 7,4 ships___
4,940
May 14,4 ships...
6,753
M ay 21, 6 ships...
7.933
May 31,7 ships...
5.223
June 7,4 ships___
6,299
June 14,5 ships...
5,956
June 21,6 ships....
7,756
June 30,6 ships....
4,921
July 1, 5 ships----6,798
July 31,7 ships...
5,135
Aug. 7, 5 ships----4,284
Aug. 14,5 ships...
4,356
Aug. 21,5 ships...
5,380
Aug. 31, 6 ships...
5,336
Sept. 7, 5 ships___
4,860
Sept. 14, 5 ships..
Sept. 21,5 ships__
4,288
7,598
Sept. 30,7 ships. .
4,484
Oct. 7, 5 ships----6.869
Oct. 14, 4 ships...
3,402
Oct. 21, 2 ships.. .
4,318
Nov. 7, 3 ships___
4.224
Nov. 14, 3 ships__
4,503
Nov. 21, 3 ships__
4,149
Nov. 30, 3 ships__
4,930
Dec. 7, 3 ships___
5,098
Dec. 14, 3 ships.. .
5,164
Dec. 21, 3 ships...
5.869
Dec. 31, 4 ships...
Week ending—
2.21
1.50
1.61
1.78
5.977.0
6.019.0
4.440.5
8.351.0
5.003.0
5.375.5
4.428.0
4,03a 5
5.482.0
4.256.0
5.602.0
3.829.0
3.331.5
3.777.5
3.305.5
3.665.0
4.910.5
3.019.0
3.729.0
3.433.0
4.743.0
2.881.5
3.768.0
2.612.0
2.442.0
2.225.0
2.860.0
3.072.0
2.570.0
2.313.0
3.838.5
2.424.0
4.876.5
2.303.0
2.550.5
2.490.0
2,984. 5
2.201.0
2.909.0
2,917. 5
2.984.0
3.600.5
1.39 $0.29
1.51
.26
1.51
.26
.29
1.38
.27
1.46
1.42
.28
.29
1.36
.27
1.47
1.54
.26
1.66
.24
1.47
.27
1.66
.24
1.53
.26
1.43
.28
1.49
.27
1.84
.22
1.62
.25
1.73
.23
1.69
.24
1.73
.23
1.64
.24
1.71
.23
1.80
.22
1.97
.20
1.75
.23
1.96
.20
1.88
.21
1.74
.23
.21
1.89
1.85
.22
1.98
.20
.22
1.85
1.41
.28
1.48
.27
1.69
.24
.24
1.70
1.51
.26
1.89
.21
1.69
.24
1.75
.23
1.73
.23
1.63
.25
Manhours
Out
put Labor
per cost
man- per
hour reve
(reve nue
nue to n 1
tons1)
L in e No. 9
Total, 211 ships___ 82,664
Other weeks
1 Short tons.
Cargo
tonnage
(reve
nue
tons 0
86,176.0
0.96
$0.42
Weeks with m aximum efficiency
Nov. 7, 4 ships
931
135
598
222
900.0
110.0
500.0
220.0
1.03
1.23
1.20
1.01
$0.39
.33
.33
.40
Total............
1,886
1,730.0
1.09
.37
Dec. 31,6 ships___
567
187
87
158
133
116
565.0
185.0
60.0
55.0
133.0
115.0
1.00
1.01
.97
2.87
1.00
1.01
.40
.40
.41
.14
.40
.40
1,248
1,143.0
1.09
.37
Total
Weeks w ith m in im u m efficiency
Jan. 21, 4 ships___
462
600
367
367
600.0
650.0
500.0
504.0
0.77
.92
.73
.73
$0.52
.43
.55
.55
Total______
1,796
2,254.0
.80
.50
Feb. 28, 3 ships___
536
288
244
703.0
297.0
244.0
.76
.97
1.00
.53
.41
.40
1,068
1,244.0
.86
.47
Total. .
.
Weeks with average efficiency
Sept. 14, 4 ships ..
T otal...........
125
566
151
791
125.0
565.0
160.0
850.0
1.00
1.00
.94
.93
$0.40
.40
.43
.43
1,633
1,700.0
.96
.42
.
273
690
293
1,068
273.0
697.0
317.0
1,131.0
1.00
,C9
.92
.94
.40
.40
.43
.43
T o ta l...........
2,324
2,418.0
.96
.42
Sept. 21, 4 ships
Other weeks
Jan. 7, 5 ships____
Jan. 14, 4 ships
1,978 ' 2,219.0 0.89
1,324 I 1,474.0 1 .90
$0.45
.44
311
SAVANNAH (1927)
T a b l e 59.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN HANDLING CARGO IN
COASTW ISE TRAD E—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Week ending—
Cargo
tonnage
(reve
nue
tons 0
Manhours
Out
put
per
manhour
(reve
nue
tons1)
Labor
cost
per
reve
nue
ton1
Week ending—
Other weeks—Continued
Manhours
Out
put Labor
per cost
man- per
hour reve
(reve nue
nue ton i
tons1)
Other weeks—Continued
L ine No. 9—Con.
L ine No. 9—Con.
Jan. 31, 4 ships___
Feb. 7, 4 ships
Feb. 14, 4 ships___
Feb. 21, 4 ships___
Mar. 7, 3 ships___
Mar. 14, 4 ships___
Mar. 21, 4 ships___
Mar. 31, 6 ships—
Apr. 7, 5 ships
Apr. 14, 5 ships___
Apr. 21, 5 ships___
Apr. 30, 6 ships___
May 7, 5 ships
May 14, 5 ships___
May 21, 4 ships___
May 31, 5 ships___
June 7, 4 ships. .
June 14, 4 ships___
June 21, 4 ships___
June 30, 5 ships___
Cargo
tonnage
(reve
nue
tons l)
1,460
2,188
1,322
1,768
1,320
1,472
1,347
2,412
2,345
1,440
1,690
1,909
1,590
1,714
1,423
1,901
1,166
1,647
1,443
1,696
1,549.0
2,371.0
1,605.0
1,971.0
1,443.0
1,670.0
1,485.0
2,698.0
2,601.0
1,598.0
1,749.0
2,003.0
1,610.0
1,745.0
1,425.0
2,111.0
1,184.0
1,532.0
1,556.0
1,592.0
0.94
.92
.88
.90
.91
.88
.91
.89
.94
.90
.97
.95
.99
.98
1.00
.90
.98
1.01
.93
1.07
$0.43
.43
.45
.44
.44
.46
.44
.45
.43
.44
.41
.42
.40
.41
.40
.44
.41
.40
.43
.37
July 7, 4 ships........
July 14, 4 ships___
July 21,4 ships___
July 31, 6 ships___
Aug. 7,4 ships.......
Aug. 14, 4 ships___
Aug. 21, 4 ships___
Aug. 31, 6 ships---Sept. 7,4 ships___
Sept. 30, 6 ships. . .
Oct. 7, 4 ships........
Oct. 14, 4 ships___
Oct. 21, 4 ships___
Oct. 31, 5 ships___
Nov. 14, 4 ships___
Nov. 21, 4 ships___
Nov. 30, 5 ships___
Dec. 7, 4 ships
Dec. 14, 4 ships___
Dec. 21, 4 ships___
1,438
1,435
1,163
1,780
1,666
1,644
1,639
2,437
1,800
2,774
1,874
1,560
1,970
2,038
2,138
1,794
2,335
1,588
1,247
2,164
1,612.0
1,472.0
1,153.0
1,784.0
1,601.0
1,644.0
1,554.0
2,575.0
1,795.0
2,814.0
2,008.0
1,605.0
1,909.0
1,985.0
2,120.0
1,820.0
2,370.0
1,586.0
1,240.0
2,150.0
0.89
.97
1.00
1.00
.98
1.00
.99
.95
1.00
.99
.93
1.04
1.03
1.03
1.01
.99
.99
1.00
1.01
1.00
$0.45
.41
.40
.40
.41
.40
.40
.42
.40
.40
.43
.38
.39
.39
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
.40
1 Short tons.
T a b le 60.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN HANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COM M ODITIES
Discharging cargo
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
age
gang-hour
man-hour
per—
num
Gangber of
men
hours
Rev per Long Rev Long Rev
Long enue
Long Revenue
gang
enue
tons tons
tons enue
tons
tons
tons ton ton
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
B ur lap
Line No 10:
Total, 6 ships__ . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,682
2,682
88.5
30.5
30.5
41.5
0.73
757
354
609
264
316
482
757
354
509
264
316
482
27.0
13.5
16.0
7.0
10.0
15.0
28.0
26.2
31.8
37.7
31.6
32.1
28.0
26.2
31.8
37.7
31.6
32.1
41.0
43.5
42.9
46.0
37.5
39.7
.68
.60
.74
.82
.84
.81
Line No. 11:
Total, 7 ships_____ . . . . . ___
21,357
21,357
646.0
33.1
33.1
39.1
0.85
0.85 $0.53 $0.53
No. 1 (January)_______ ___
No. 2 (February)__________
No. 3 (March)___ . . . . . . . . . .
No. 4 (August)_______ ____
No. 5 (September)_________
No. 6 (October)___________
No. 7 (December)_________
3,940
1,922
2,325
2,178
2,672
2,878
5,442
3,940
1,922
2,325
2,178
2,672
2,878
5,442
112.5
74.0
64.5
53.0
114.0
84.5
143.5
35.0
26.0
36.0
41.1
23.4
34.1
37.9
35.0
26.0
36.0
41.1
23.4
34.1
37.9
45.8
40.6
35.6
63.0
32.2
35.6
33.3
.76
.64
1.01
.65
.73
.96
1.14
.76
.64
1.01
.65
.73
.96
1.14
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
1 (July)_______________
2 (August)____________
3 (August)____________
4 (October)___________
5 (November)_________
6 (December)_________
0.73 $0.62 $0.62
.68
.60
.74
.82
.84
.81
.67
.75
.61
.55
.54
.56
.67
.75
.61
.55
.54
.56
F er tilizer 1
1 In bags and bulk.
.59
.70
.44
.69
.62
.47
.39
.59
.70
.44
.69
.62
.47
.39
312
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 60.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Rev Long Rev
Long Revenue
Long Rev
per Long enue
enue
tons
tons enue
tons
tons gang tons tons ton ton
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
N itr at e of Soda
Line No. 12:
Total, 10 ships.......................
49,260
49,260
920.5
53.5
53.5
57.0
0.94
0.94 $0.48 $0.48
Ships with maxim um efficiency
No. 1 (February).
No. 2 (April)........
3,662
3,662
5,700
71.0
76.0
51.6
75.0
51.6
75.0
49.3
68.1
1.05
1.10
1.05 $0.43 $0.43
1.10
.41
.41
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (January)----No. 4 (September) _
1,977
2,020
1,977
2,020
45.0
51.0
43.9
39.6
43.9
39.6
56.3
54.9
0.78
.72
0.78 $0.58 $0.68
.72
.63
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (December)
No. 6 (March)____
R
aw
2,337
7,900
2,337
7,900
46.5
147.5
50.3
53.5
50.3
53.5
53.9
58.0
0.93
.92
0.93 $0.48 $0.48
.92
.49
.49
122,407 2,162.5
56.6
56.6
33.0
1.72
1.72 $0.26 $0.26
S tj g a r
Line No. 13:
Total, 40 ships........
122,407
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (January).
No. 2 (October).
1,997
2,946
1,997
2,946
31.5
47.0
63.4
62.7
63.4
62.7
33.0
33.0
1.92
1.90
1.92 $0.23 $0.23
1.90
.24
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (January)...
No 4 (February)..
1,609
2,001
1,609
2,001
33.0
42.0
48.8
47.6
48.8
47.6
33.0
33.0
1.48
1.44
1.48 $0.30 $0.30
1.44
.31
.31
Ships with average efficiency
No 5 (February). _
No. 6 (February)._
2,903
2,903
2,903
2,903
51.0
51.0
Line No. 14:
Total, 6 ships.........
9,705
9,705
274.0
No. 1 (December) „
No. 2 (January)___
No. 3 (February)__
No. 4 (March)........
No. 5 (April)..........
No. 6 (April)..........
1,270
996
1,394
2,015
504
3,526
1,270
996
1,394
2,015
504
3,526
49.0
29.0
44.0
47.0
17.0
88.0
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.9
33.0
33.0
1.72
1.72
1.72 $0.26 $0.26
1.72
.26
.26
35.4
35.4
43.8
0.81
0.56 $0.56 $0.56
25.9
34.3
31.7
42.8
29.6
40.0
25.9
34.3
31.7
42.8
29.6
40.0
41.1
39.0
46.7
48.0
41.6
43.5
.63
.88
.68
.89
.71
.92
R e f in e d Su g a r
.63
.88
.68
.89
.71
.92
.71
.51
.66
.51
.63
.49
.71
.51
.66
.51
.63
.49
313
SAVANNAH (1927)
T a b le 60.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
Rev men Long Rev
Long Revenue
Long enue
Long Rev
per
enue
tons tons gang tons enue
tons
tons
tons ton ton
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship number, and
date of operation
C otton
Line No. 15:
Total, 13 ships.......................
28,318
2
125,645 1,255.8
22.5 2 100.1
28.9
0.78
2
3.50 $0.64 2 $0.14
Ships with m aximum efficiency
3,308
1,500
2
14,330
6,700
2
120.0 27.6 2 119.4
46.0
32.6 2 145.7
29.4
33.6
0.94
.97
2
2
4.10 $0.53 2 $0.12
4.30
.52 2 . 12
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (March)........
No. 4 (September).
1,676
1,870
2 7,543
28,411
77.3
102.0
21.7 2 97.5
18.3 282.5
33.5
28.1
0.65 22.90 $0.77 2$0.17
.65 2 2.90
.77 2.17
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (M ay).........
No. 6 (December).
Line No. 16:
Total, 21 ships.
1,872
1,377
22,350
8,446
6,198
75.0
59.0
25.0 2 112.6
23.3 2 105.1
31.3
28.9
0.80
.81
2
2
3.60 $0.63 2$0.14
3.60
.62 2.14
100,483
915.5
24.4 2 109.8
32.0
0.76
2
3.40 $0.66 2$0.15
2
2
5.00 $0.45 2$0.10
.45 2.10
5.00
2
2
2.70 $0.85 2$0.19
2.501 .89 2.20
2
2
2
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (February)...
No. 2 (November).
166
2
2 750
1,722
5.0
33.2 2 150.0
10.0 38.3 2 172.2
30.0
34.5
1.11
1.11
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (January)___
No. 6 (September).
1,095
1 ,4 7 7
930
6,647
24 ,
2
62.0
88.5
17.7
16.7
2
2
79.5
75.1
30.0
30.0
0.59
.56
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (June)__
No. 6 (March).
Line No. 17:
Total, 13 ships.
85.0
52.0
24.5 2 110.1
26.8 2120.6
31.9
34.5
0.77 23.50 $0.65 2$0.14
.78 2 3.50
.64 2.14
33,015 2 148,569 1,651.0
20.0 2 90.0
30.3
0.66 2 3.00 $0.76 2$0.17
2,080
1,394
29,356
2 6,273
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (
No. 2 (November) .
3,216 2 14,473
1,273 2 5,725
129.0
42.0
24.9 2112.2
30.3 2136.3
30.0 0.83 2 3.70 $0.60 2$0.14
32.01 .95 2 4.30
.53 2.12
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 4 (March).’
2,502 2 11* 259
5,235 223,559
130.0
292.0
19.2 286.6
17.9 280.7
32.0
29.1
0.60 22.70 $0.83 2 $0.19
.62 22.80
.81 2.18
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (January)___
No. 6 (September).
2Bales.
66490°—32------21
2,624 211,806
2,375 2 10,417
134.5
108.0
19.5 287.8
21.4 296.5
30.0
33.1
0.65 22.90 $0.77 2$0.17
.65 22.90
.77 • 2.17
Norfolk and Newport News (1927)
T a b l e 6 1 .— P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN HAN DLING CARGO, B Y
K IN D OF TR AD E A N D INDIVIDU AL COM M ODITIES
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
age man-hour
per—
num
ber of
Rev men
Long enue
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
tons tons gang tons enue
tons ton
ton
Cargo tonnage
Operation, line number, and
commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Ganghours
Foreign trade 1
Discharging cargo:
Europe—
No. 1 a.......................
No. 2.........................
South America—
No. 3 a_____ _______
Loading cargo:
Europe—
No. 4 2____________
No. 5 2......................
No. 6 2____ ________
No. 7 2.......................
No. 8 2. . . .............. .
No. 9 3____________
No. 10 3____ _______
No. 11.................
No. 12.......................
Orient—
No. 13......................
No. 14______ ______
No. 15.....................-
4,633
6,819
4,633
6,985
172.0
216.5
26.9
31.5
26.9
32.3
22.4
23.5
1.20
1.34
9,830
9,830
459.5
21.4
21.4
25.7
.83
.83
.96
.96
34,990
14,233
21,630
7,357
6,058
17,039
2,032
28,475
24,781
34,990
14,233
21,630
7,357
6,058
17,039
2,032
28,475
24,781
1,311.5
575.5
1,063.5
448.5
373.0
741.0
122.0
1,116.0
1,073.5
26.7
24.7
20.3
16.4
16.2
23.0
16.7
25.5
23.1
26.7
24.7
20.3
16.4
16.2
23.0
16.7
25.5
23.1
22.4
22.6
22.7
20.8
22.0
24.9
23.0
22.6
22.1
1.19
1.10
.90
.79
.74
.92
.72
1.13
1.04
1.19
1.10
.90
.79
.74
.92
.72
1.13
1.04
.67
.73
.89
1.01
1.08
.87
1.11
.71
.77
.67
.73
.89
1.01
1.08
.87
1.11
.71
.77
12,484
12,121
14,128
12,484
12,121
14,128
627.5
605.0
902.5
19.9
20.0
15.6
19.9
20.0
15.6
22.5
25.8
22.9
.88
.77
.68
.88
.77
.68
.91
1.04
1.18
.91
1.04
1.18
1.20 $0.67 $0.67
1.37
.60
.58
Intercoastal trade *
Discharging cargo:
No. 16 2...........................
Loading cargo:
No. 17 2......................
No. 18 2.............. ..........
11,282 4 12,636
9,356 4 10,480
11,031 4 12,355
1
1
23.1
489.0
753.5
1,075.0
425.8
23.2
12.4 4 13.9
10.3 4 11.5
20.6
20.9
0.99 41.11 $0.81 4$0.72
.60 4.67
.49 4.55
1.33 41.19
1.63 41.45
* 186,055 6205,343. (
4296,559 8370,162. C
4 0.91
4.80
4$0.44
4 .50
4 195,482 6159,739. C
4231, 111 6221,936.8.
4 1.22
41.04
Coastwise trade 5
Discharging cargo:
No. 19 *.............
No. 20«.............
Loading cargo:
No. 21 2.............
No. 22 *.............
Individual commodities 1
Discharging cargo:
Burlap—No. 23______
Manganese ore—No. 24
Newsprint paper—No. 25
Nitrate of soda—No. 262
Sulphur—No. 27 *......... .
Wood pulp—No. 28____
2,432
2,432
31,479
31,479
18,043 420,211
66,200 66,200
8,004
8,004
14,008
14,008
l Wage rate: 80 cents per hour,
a Norfolk.
314
111.0
1,099.5
720.5
2,693.0
243.5
420.5
3 Newport News.
4 Short tons.
21.9
21.9
28.6
28.6
25.0 428.1
24.6
24.6
32.9
32.9
33.3
33.3
21.4
14.4
19.3
38.0
16.0
24.5
1.02 1.02 $0.78 $0.
1.99 1.99
.40
.40
]
1.29 41.45
.62 4 .58
.65
.65 1.23 l!
.39
2.05 2.05
1.36 1.36
.59
8 Wage rate: 40 cents per hour.
6 Man-hours
F
ig u r e
47.— L o
a d in g
T
oba cco
in
No
r fo lk
315
NORFOLK AND NEWPORT NEWS (1927)
T a b l e 61 .—P R OD U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO, BY
KIN D OF T R A D E A N D IN DIVIDU AL COM M ODITIES—Continued
Cargo tonnage
Operation, line number, and
commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Ganghours
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
age man-hour
per—
num
ber of
men
Rev
Long Rev
per Long Rev
enue Long enue
tons enue
tons gang tons tons ton ton
Individual commodities i—Continued
Loading cargo:
18.0 U0.0
403.0
Lumber—No. 292______
7,265 74,026
7,124
26.2
26.2
Potatoes—No. 303..........
7,124
271.5
7,112
26.2
26.2
7,112
271.0
Starch—No. 313.............
Steel billets—No. 32 3_.__
20,736
667.0
31.1
31.1
20,736
30.1
30.1
Tobacco—No. 3 3 ..........
3,617
3,617
120.0
Grain8—No. 342_______
24,658 »923,857
Coal—
No. 35:8 Pier opera
tions.___________ 6,957,057 6,957,057 #178,838.0
No. 36:3 Pier opera
tions____________ 7,203,997 7,203,997 «193,377.0
No. 37:* Pier opera
tions____________
540,901 540,901 6 18,086.0
No. 38:2 Pier opera
tions_________ __ 4,822,596 4,822,596 6169,771.0
No. 39:2Trimming—
Cargo 12......... . 1,568,757 1,568,757
1,207.6 1,299.1 1,299.1
859.4 180.8 180.8
Bunker 14.........
155,349 155,349
No. 40:2Trimming—
Cargo u.............. 1,914,045 1,914,045
2,698.0 709.4 709.4
Bunker 14______ 241,984 241,984
2,150.5 112.5 112.5
No. 41:8Trimming—
Cargo 14....... ...... 2,028,799 2,028,799
3,425.3 592.3 592.3
98.4
Bunker 14 _____ 232,305 232,305
98.4
2,359.5
NOi 42:2 Cargo and
bunker 14............... 311,314 311,314
853.2 364.9 364.9
1 Wage rate: 80 cents per hour.
2 Norfolk.
3 Newport News.
6 Man-hours.
71,000 board feet.
8 Trimming only.
22.0
26.0
25.7
14.8
24.0
0.82 70.45 $0.98 7$1.78
.79
1.01 1.01
.79
1.02 1.02
.78
.78
2.10 2.10
.38
.38
.64
.64
1.25 1.25
.11 1®2.86
7.47 « 280.0
38.90 38.90 <“ >
(»)
37.18 37.18 <“ >
(“ >
29.91 29.91 (“ )
(“ >
28.41 28.41
<“ >
(“ )
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
45.0 15.76 15.76 (13)
45.0 2.50 2.50 (18)
(13)
(I3)
38.0 15.59 15.59
38.0 2.59 2.59
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
33.7 10.83 10.83
(13)
(13)
3.7 348.80 348.80
32.9 5.50 5.50
* Bushels.
io Per 1,000 bushels.
» Loading done by pier crews with various wage rates.
12 Trimmed with automatic trimmers.
13 Trimming donefby longshoremen on a tonnge basis.
14 Trimmed by hand.
T a b l e 63.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D
LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E
Discharging cargo: Europe
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of opera
tion, and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Ganghours
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
per Long Rev Long Rev
gang tons enue ton enue
tons
ton
L in e N o. 1 1
Total, 8 ships...................... .
4,633
4,633
172.0
26.9
26.9
22.4
1.20
1.20 $0.67
No. 1 (March)......................
No. 2 (March)......................
No. 3 (April).........................
No. 4 (M ay).........................
No. 5 (August)......................
No. 6 (October)....................
No. 7 (October)............ ........
No. 8 (December).................
399
550
443
292
965
662
759
563
4,633
550
443
292
965
662
759
563
19.0
23.0
17.0
12.0
31.0
25.5
27.5
17.0
21.0
23.9
26.1
24.3
31.1
26.3
27.6
33.1
21.0
23.9
26.1
24.3
31.1
26.3
27.6
33.1
22.0
20.0
22.0
20.0
22.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
.95
1.20
1.18
1.22
1.41
1.09
1.15
1.38
.95
1.20
1.18
1.22
1.41
1.09
1.15
1.38
1 Norfolk.
.84
.67
.68
.66
.57
.73
.70
.58
$0.67
.84
.67
.68
.66
.57
.73
.70
.58
316
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 6 2 .—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
F O REIGN T R A D E —Continued
Discharging cargo: Europe— Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of opera
tion, and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Ganghours
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
gang tons enue
tons ton
ton
L ine N o . 2
Total, 10 ships_________ __
2 6,819
6,985
216.5
31.5
32.3
23.5
1.34
1.37 $0.60
$0.58
$0.46
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (October):*
Wood pulp____________
Paper_________________
300
42
300
42
Total............................
342
342
No. 2 (August): 3
Wood p u lp ___________
____ _______
Paper
Matches ____________
300
53
21
300
53
62
Total...........................
374
415
9.0
38.0
38.0
22.0
1.73
1.73 $0.46
10.5
35.6
39.5
24.8
1.44
1.59
.56
.50
$0.70
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (July):1
Wood pulp____________
Paper. _ ______________
500
48
500
48
Total_______________
548
548
No. 4 (November): *
Wood pulp __________
General cargo_________
800
48
800
69
Total_______________
848
869
19.5
28.1
28.1
24.4
1.15
1.15 $0.70
30.0
28.3
28.3
23.0
1.23
1.26
.65
.63
$0.58
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (May-June):3
Wood pulp________ - __
1,250
No. 6 (March):i
Wood pulp____________
Paper
__ _____
Matches
..
___
700
71
52
70C ............
71
15C
Total...........................
823
927
1,250
33.8
33.8
24.6
1.37
1.37 $0.58
28. C 29A :
33.1
23.9
1.23
1.3S
.65
.58
0.83 $0.96
$0.96
37.0
Discharging cargo: South America
L in e N o. 3 *
Total, 9 ships........................
Hides..... ........................
General cargo.................
9,830
459.5
21.4
21.4
25.7
0.83
4,974 * 191,734
4,856
4,856
271.5
188.0
18.3 4 706.0
25.8
25.8
26.1
25.7
.70 4 27.1
1.03 1.03
9,830
1 Norfolk.
2Principal commodity: Wood pulp, 6,361 long tons.
3 Newport News.
1.14 «2.95
.78
.78
* Individual hides.
* Per 100 hides.
317
NORFOLK AND NEWPORT NEWS (1927)
T a b le 6 2 .— P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN HANDLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE—Continued
Discharging cargo: South America —Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of opera
tion, and commodity
Ganghours
Rev
enue
tons
Long
tons
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
gang tons enue
tons ton
ton
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (July):
Coffee and quebracho
210
210
7.5
No. 2 (October):
Hides....... ......................
General cargo.................
110
407
4 5,500
407
Total...........................
517
517
28.0
28.0
25.0
1.12
4.5
16.0
24.4 41,222.0
25.4
25.4
26.0
25.0
.94 447.0
1.02 1.02
.85 <1.70
.78
.78
20.5
25.2
25.2
1.00
.80
25.2
1.12 $0.71
1.00
$0.71
.80
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (June):
Hides..............................
Coffee and quebracho—
Total...........................
No. 4 (December):
Hides..............................
General cargo.................
Total...........................
1,998 4 80,199
355
355
123.5
18.5
16.2 4 649.0
19.2
19.2
25.9
25.0
2,353
142.0
16.6
16.6
25.8
.64
363 4 14,998
85
85
18.0
6.0
20.2 4833.0
14.2
14.2
26.0
24.0
.78 432.1
.59
.59
1.03 52.49
1.36
1.36
448
24.0
18.7
25.5
.73
1.10
2,353
448
18.7
0.62 425.1 $1.29 * $3.19
.77
.77 1.04
1.04
.64
.73
1.25
1.25
1.10
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (December):
Hides....... ......................
General cargo.................
Total............................
No. 6 (June):
Hides..............................
Quebracho......................
Total.............. .............
0.84 434. 5 $0. 95 * $2.32
.92
.87
.92
.87
696 4 28,453
219
219
30.0
9.0
23.2 4 948.0
24.3
24.3
27.5
28.0
915
915
39.0
23.5
23.5
27.6
506 419,880
162
162
24.5
5.0
20.7 4 811.0
32.4
32.4
26.0
24.0
668
29.5
22.6
22.6
25.7
.88
668
.85
.94
.94
.79 431.2
1.35 1.35
1.01
.59
«2.56
.59
.91
.91
1.19 $0.67
$0.67
.85
.88
Loading cargo: Europe
L in e N o . 4 i
Total, 23 ships...................
Tobacco........ ................ .
Cotton_____ _____ ____
General cargo.................
6 34,990
34,990 1,311.5
26.7
26.7
22.4
1.19
5,189
2,563
27,238
5,189
156.0
711,534
84.5
27,238 1,071.0
33.3
30.3
25.4
33.3
7 136.5
25.4
21.6
22.6
22.5
1.54 1.54
1.34 7 6.04
1.13 1.13
.52
.60
.71
.52
7.13
.71
i Norfolk,
4 Individual hides.
* Per 100 hides.
6 Principal commodities: Starch and flour, 10,283 tons; tobacco, 8,437 tons; lumber, 6,505 tons; and
cotton, 4,355 tons.
318
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 62.™P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of opera
tion, and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Ganghours
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
gang tons enue
tons ton
ton
Ships with m aximum efficiency
Line N o. 4 1—Continued
No. 1 (March):
Cotton................. ...........
Starch........... ................ .
General cargo--------------
546
1,163
168
72,450
1,163
168 }
19.0
37.0
28.7 7128.9
36.0
36.0
23.0
22.0
1.25 7 5.61 $0.64 7 $0.14
1.64 1.64
.49
.49
T o ta l--................. ......
1,877
1,877
56.0
33.5
33.5
22.3
1.50
1.50
.53
.53
No. 2 (February):
Cotton— ....... ...............
Starch___________ ____
General cargo.—............
461
1,025
102
7 2,100
1,025 }
102
14.5
32.5
31.8 7 144.8
34.7
34.7
22.0
24.4
1.45 76.58
1.42 1.42
.55
.56
7.12
.56
Total-..........................
1,588
1,588
47.0
33.8
23.7
1.43
.56
.56
33.8
1.43
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (June):
Cotton....... ..........
Lumber........ ......
Flour and starch.
General cargo----Total .
No. 4 (December):
Tobacco______
Lumber______
General cargo.Total-
9.0
284
1,015
256
314
284
1,015
256 |
314
90.0
1,869
1,869
99.0 18.9
709
485
195
1,389
709
485 }
195
1,389
31.6
17.6
31.6
23.0
1.37
1.37 $0.58
$0.58
17.6
22.2
.79
.79
1.01
1.01
18.9
22.3
.85
.85
.94 .
.94
26.5
43.0
26.8
15.8
26.8
15.8
21.0
22.0
1.27
.72
1.27
.72
.63
1.11
.63
1.11
69.5
20.0
20.0
21.6
.92
.92
.87
.87
$0.55
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (August):
Tobacco.........
Cotton...........
Lumber_____
General cargo.
255
110
408
231
Total______
1,004
No. 6 (September):
Tobacco_______
Lumber_______
Flour.................
General cargo.
881
464
131
162
255
110 ]
408 }
231 )
1,004
881
464 1
131 \
162 J
8.0
31.9
31.9
22.0
1.45
1.45 $0.55
31.0
24.2
24.2
21.5
1.12
1.12
.71
.71
39.0
25.7
25.7
21.6
1.19
1.19
.67
.67
25.5
34.6
34.6
22.0
1.57
1.57
.51
.51
36.5
20.7
20.7
22.0
.94
.94
.85
.85
222.0
1.20
1.20
.67
.67
1,638
1,638
62.0
26.4
26.4
Total, 10 ships______
14,233
14,233
575.5
24.7
24.7
22.6
1.10
1.10 $0.73
$0.73
Cotton......... .
Tobacco_____
Lumber..........
General cargo.
7,732
1, 773
1,643
3,085
7,732
1,773
1,643
3,085
268.0
67.5
90.0
150.0
28.9
26.3
18.3
20.6
28.9
26.3
18.3
20.6
22.9
22.0
22.0
22.7
1.26
1.19
.83
.91
1.26
1.19
.83
.91
.63
.67
.96
.88
.63
.67
.96
.88
Total____ ____ _
L ine N o . 5 1
J Norfolk.
7 Bales.
319
NORFOLK AND NEWPORT NEWS (1927)
T a b l e 63.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo: Europe —Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of opera
tion, and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Ganghours
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
gang tons enue
tons ton
ton
with m aximum efficiency
L in e N o. 5 1—Continued
No. 1 (July):
Cotton.........................
Tobacco___ ____ _____
General cargo_________
467
232
126
467
232
126
12.0
5.5
6.5
38.9
42.2
19.4
38.9
42.2
19.4
23.0
22.0
23.0
1.69
1.92
.84
1.69 $0.47
1.92
.42
.84
.95
$0.47
.42
.95
T otal-........................
825
825
24.0
34.4
34.4
22.8
1.51
1.51
.53
.53
No. 2 (June):
Cotton.........................
Tobacco___ ____ _____
.General cargo_________
1,044
101
181
1,044
101
181
30.0
3.5
12.5
34.8
28.9
14.5
34.8
28.9
14.5
23.0
22.0
23.0
1.51
1.31
.63
1.51
1.31
.63
.53
.61
1.27
.53
.61
1.27
Total..........................
1,326
1,326
46.0
28.8
28.8
22.9
1.26
1.26
.63
.63
$0.86
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (September):
General cargo................
502
502
23.5
21.4
21.4
23.0
0.93
0.93 $0.86
No. 4 (September-October):
Cotton..........................
Lumber______________
General cargo....... ........
322
206
432
322
206
432
10.5
9.5
24.5
30.7
21.7
17.6
30.7
21.7
17.6
23.0
22.0
22.3
1.33
.99
.79
1.33
.99
.79
.60
.81
1.01
.60
.81
1.01
Total----------------------
960
960
44.5
21.6
21.6
22.4
.96
.96
.83
.83
$0.63
.68
1.27
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (February):
Cotton__________
Tobacco_________
General cargo.......
961
221
188
961
221
188
34.5
8.5
13.0
27.9
26.0
14.5
27.9
26.0
14.5
22.0
22.0
23.0
1.27
1.18
.63
1.27 $0.63
1.18
.68
.63 1.27
T o ta l-..............
1,370
1,370
56.0
24.5
24.5
22.2
1.10
1.10
.73
.73
No. 6 (May):
Cotton....... ..........
Lumber_________
Starch---------------General cargo------
1,002
156
111
73
1,002
156
111
73
38.0
8.5
3.5
3.5
26.4
18.4
31 7
20.9
26.4
18.4
31.7
20.9
23.0
22.0
24.0
23.0
1.15
.83
1.32
.91
1.15
.83
1.32
.91
.70
.96
.61
.88
.70
.96
.61
.88
1,342
1,342
53.5
25.1
25.1
22.9
1.10
1.10
.73
.73
21,630
21,630 1,063.5
20.3
20.3
22.7
0.90
0.90 $0.89
$0.89
14,788
1,314
1,140
4,388
14,788
1,314
1,140
4,388
18.8
28.3
25.9
23.5
18.8
28.3
25.9
23.5
22.5
24.0
22.6
22.9
.83
1.18
1.15
1.04
.83
1.18
1.15
1.04
T otal-—......... L in e N o . 6 1
Total, 18 ships______
Lumber..... ..........
Flour___________
Starch_____ _____
General cargo.......
786.0
46.5
44.0
187.0
.96
.68
.70
.77
.96
.68
.70
.77
$0.88
.56
.75
.74
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (October):
Lumber.......................
Starch........................
Tobacco..................... .
General cargo............ .
719
277
212
87
719
277
212
87
36.0
8.0
9.0
3.5
20.0
34.6
23.6
24.9
Total...... .................
1,295
1,295
56.5
No. 2 (August): Lumber..
932
932
44.5
i Norfolk.
20.0
34.6
23.6
24.9
22.0
24.0
22.0
23.0
0.91
1.44
1.07
1.08
0.91 $0.88
1.44
.56
1.07
.75
1.08
•74
22.9
22.9
22.3
1.03
1.03
.78
.78
22.5
22.5
22.0
1.02
1.02
.78
.78
320
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 68.--P B O D U C T IV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E—Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Ganghours
Ship number, date of opera
tion, and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
A verage
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
gang tons enue
tons ton
ton
Ships with m inim um efficiency
L ine No. 6 1—Continued
No. 3 (June):
Lumbar
_ _
General cargo_________
1,019
102
1,019
102
56.5
4.5
18.0
22.7
18.0
22.7
23.0
23.0
0.78
.99
Total........... ................
1,121
1,121
61.0
18.4
18.4
23.0
.80
.80
1.00
1.00
1,180
250
119
1,180
250
119
63.2
10.0
7.5
18.6
25.8
15.9
18.6
25.8
15.9
23.0
24.0
23.0
.81
1.04
.69
.81
1.04
.69
.99
.77
1.16
.99
.77
1.16
1,549
1,549
81.0
19.1
19.1
23.1
.83
.83
.96
.96
0.84 $0.95
.99
.81
1.43
.56
.82
.98
$0.95
.81
.56
.98
No. 4:
Lumber
_ . _ _
Flour........................ ......
General cargo_________
Total_______ ____ ___
0.78 $1.03
.81
.99
1
$1.03
.81
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (October):
Tiiimbftr
_
Flour____ ______ ____
Tobacco______________
General cargo_________
1,084
273
126
189
1,084
273
126
189
56.0
11.5
4.0
10.0
19.4
23.8
31.5
18.9
19.4
23.8
31.5
18.9
23.0
24.0
22.0
23.0
0.84
.99
1.43
.82
Total ______________
1,672
1,672
81.5
20.5
20.5
23.1
.89
.89
.90
.90
No. 6 (December):
Lumber_______________
Starch and flour_______
General cargo_________
876
249
352
876
249
352
48.0
9.0
13.5
18.3
27.7
26.1
18.3
27.7
26.1
23.0
24.0
23.0
.79
1.15
1.13
.79
1.15
1.13
1.01
.70
.71
1.01
.70
.71
Total_______________
1,477
1,477
70.5
21.0
21.0
23.1
.91
.91
.88
.88
Total, 7 ships_____________
8 7,357
7,357
448.5
16.4
16.40
20.8
0.79
0.79 $1.01
$1.01
No. 1 (February):
Cotton
_________ _
Tobacco______________
Lumber _______ ____
528
273
202
528
273
202
Total_______________
1,003
1,003
61.0
16.4
16.4
21.1
.78
.78
1.03
1.03
No. 2 (March):
Cotton . _________
Tobacco
- ___ General cargo_________
764
217
260
764
217
260
1,241
1,241
78.5
15.8
15.8
21.4
.74
.74
1.08
1.08
205
148
283
205
148
283
47.0
13.5
13.5
20.2
.67
.67
1.19
1.19
49.0
16.0
16.0
21.0
.76
.76
1.05
1.05
L ine N o. 7 i
Total........... ............... |
1
No. 3 (March):
Cotton . . _________
1
Tobacco
Lumber
__________
T ota l--.............. .........
636
636
No. 4 (April):
Cotton
Tobacco______________
Lum ber and general
cargo
125
269
125
269
392
392
Total_______________
786
786
1Norfolk.
®principal commodities: Tobacco, 3,482 tons; and cotton, 1,742 tons.
321
NORFOLK AND NEWPORT NEWS (1927)
T a b l e 6 2 — P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E—Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Ganghours
Ship number, date of opera
tion, and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
gang tons enue
tons ton
ton
L ine No. 7 *—Continued
No. 5 (October):
Tobacco______________
Lumber
T o ta l--........................
No. 6 (October):
Tobacco______________
Lumber
830
407
830
407
1,237
1,237
1,094
336
1,094
336
65.5
18.9
18.9
21.6
0.88
84.5
16.9
16.9
19.2
.88
.88
.91
.91
.75
1.07
1.07
0.74 $1.08
$1.08
0.94 $0.85
$0.85
Total............................
1,430
1,430
No. 7 (November):
Cotton .
__
Tobacco.. ____________
Lumber_ _
120
651
253
120
651
253
T ota l--........................
1,024
1,024
63.0
16.3
16.3
21.6
.75
•6,058
6,058
373.0
16.2
16.2
22.0
0.74
0.88 $0.91
$0.91
L in e No. 8 1
Total, 8 ships_____________
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (February): General
cargo___________________
No. 2 (January):
Tobacco______________
Cotton ______________
Starch and general cargo.
Total-..........................
217
217
250
222
330
250
222
330
802
802
11.0
19.7
19.7
21.0
0.94
42.5
18.9
18.9
22.5
.84
.84
.95
.95
0.59 $1.36
$1.36
1.33
l.Sb
0.72 $1.11
$1.11
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (July):
Paper pulp____________
General cargo_________
372
203
372
203
Total............................
575
575
514
167
514
167
681
681
No. 4 (May):
Paper pulp _
Lumber
Total............................
45.0
12.8
12.8
#
21.6
0.59
51.5
13.2
13.2
22.0
.60
.60
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (August):
Paper pulp__
Corn flour_________
General cargo. - _.
638
109
262
638
109
262
Total............................
No. 6 (December):
Paper pulp
Tobacco
General cargo
1,009
1,009
532
467
52
532
467
52
Total_______________
1,051
1,051
_
60.0
16.8
16.8
23.3
0.72
63.5
16.6
16.6
21.6
.77
1 Norfolk.
9Principal commodities: Paper pulp, 3,083 tons; and tobacco, 1,150 tons.
.77
1.04
1.04
322
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 62.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF" LAB OR AND LABOR COST IN HANDLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Ganghours
Ship number, date of opera
tion, and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
Rev
per Long Rev Long enue
gang tons enue
ton
tons ton
L ine N o. 9 3
Total, 22 ships____________
w 17,039
17,039
23.0
741.0
23.0
24.9
0.92
0.92 $0.87
$0.87
S kips with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (December):
899
57
899
57
956
956
General cargo..................
859
47
859
47
Total_______________
906
906
T o t a l ___ ____ ______
No. 2 (December):
24.5
39.0
39.0
26.4
1.49
1.49 $0.54
$0.54
25.0
36.2
36.2
26.3
1.38
1.38
.58
.58
0.55 $1.45
$1.45
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (June):
Lumber _____________
General cargo_________
511
200
511
200
Total............................
711
711
No. 4 (June):
Lumber_______________
Flour......... ...................
General cargo_________
321
231
247
321
231
247
Total............................
799
799
47.0
15.1
15.1
27.7
0.55
46.5
17.2
17.2
23.3
.74
.74
1.08
1.08
0.93 $0.86
$0.86
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (October):
Lumber_______________
Tobacco______________
1
!
271
250
271
250
521
521
No. 6 (July):
Lumber........................ .
Starch and flour_______
259
308
259
308
Total............................
567
567
Total, 7 ships_____________
2,032
2,032
No. 1 (February): General
cargo........... ......................
210
210
No. 2 (March):
Flour................. ........
Lumber...........
. . . ..
General cargo_________
187
115
145
187
115
145
Total_______________
447
447
No. 3 (March):
Tobacco__ __________
General cargo......... ........
327
55
327
55
382
382 . 28.0
Total........................ .
24. o[ 21.7
21.7
23.3
0.93
24.5
23.1
23.1
26.0
.89
122.0' 16.7
16.7
23.0
0.72
.89
.90
.90
0.72 $1.11
$1.11
L ine N o. 103
Total_____________
17.5
12.0
12.0
22.0
.55
.55
1.45
1.45
21.0
21.3
21.3
24.1
.88
.88
.91
.91
13.6I
13.6i
22. C1
.62!
.62!
1.2S>
1.29
3 Newport News.
Principal commodities: Flour and starch, 8,520 tons; lumber, 5,513 tons.
323
NORFOLK AND NEWPORT NEWS (1927)
T a b l e 62.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TRAD E—Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Ganghours
Ship number, date of opera
tion, and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Long
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
per Long Rev Long Rev
gang tons enue ton enue
tons
ton
L ine N o. 1 0 Continued
No. 4 (April):
Total_______________
No. 5 (October):
Total
_____________
No. 6 (October):
Total
.....
. _____
No. 7 (November):
Total___ ____ _______
133
134
133
134
267
267
125
129
125
129
254
254
118
92
118
92
210
210
237
25
237
25
262
262
18.5
14.4
14.4
24.1
0.60
12.5
20.3
20.3
24.6
.83
.83
.96
.96
11.5
18.3
18.3
22.0
.83
.83
.96
.96
13.0
20.2
20.2
22.5
.90
.90
.89
.89
28,475 1,116.0
25.5
25.5
22.6
1.13
1.13 $0.71
$0.71
30.5 7 135.4
30.2
30.2
17.5
17.5
16.1
16.1
22.6
22.6
22.5
23.3
21.1
22.1
25.4
1.35 7 6.0
1.29 1.29
.83
.83
.73
.73
.89
.89
0.60 $1.33
$1.33
Line N o. 11«
Total, 17 ships_______ ____ C otton_______________
T obacco.________ _____
Peanut meal__________
Lumber_______________
General cargo_________
28,475
19,010 7 84,494
1,615
1,615
2,314
2,314
3,390
3,390
2,146
2,146
624.0
53.5
132.5
211.0
95.0
.59
.62
.96
1.10
.90
7.13
.62
.96
1.10
.90
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June):
Cotton________________
Tobacco______________
General cargo__________
532
483
100
7 2,333
483
100
16.5
12.0
5.0
32.2 7 141.4
40.3
40.3
20.0
20.0
23.0
23.0
23.0
1.74 76.10 $0.46 7 $0.13
1.75 1.75
.46
.46
.87
.87
.92
.92
T o ta l..........................
1,115
1,115
33.5
33.3
33.3
23.0
1.45
1.45
.55
.55
No. 2 (March):
Cotton________________
Tobacco______________
Lumber_______________
General cargo________
1,971
150
216
153
78,835
150
216
153
63.0
5.5
10.0
6.5
31.3 7 140.2
27.3
27.3
21.6
21.6
23.5
23.5
22.0
22.0
22.0
23.0
1.42 7 6.40
1.24 1.24
.98
.98
1.02 1.02
.56
.65
.82
.78
7.13
.65
.82
.78
Total. .........................
2,490
2,490
85.0
29.3
22.1
1.33
.60
.60
29.3
1.33
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (December):
Cotton___________ ____
Peanut meal__________
Lumber_______________
General cargo.................
623
251
231
21
7 2,787
251
231
21
20.5
15.0
20.0
1.5
30.4 7 136.0
16.7
16.7
11.6
11.6
14.0
14.0
23.0
23.0
22.0
22.0
Total. ............... .........
1,126
1,126
57.0
19.8
19.8
22.6
No. 4 (April):
Cotton............................
Lumber_______________
General cargo__________
1,093
666
108
7 4,911
666
108
43.0
46.5
5.0
25.4 7 114.2
14.3
14.3
21.6
21.6
23.0
22.0
23.0
Total............................
1,867
1,867
94.5
19.8
22.5
9 Newport News.
* Bales,
19.8
1.32 75.90 $0.61 7$0.14
.73
.73 1.10
1.10
.52
.52 1.54
1.54
.64
.64 1.25
1.25
.87
.87
.92
.92
1.11 7 5.00
.65
.65
.94
.94
.72
1.23
.85
7.16
1.23
.85
.88
.91
.91
.88
w Norfolk and Newport News.
324
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 68.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage.
Ship number, date of opera
tion, and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Ganghours
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
gang tons enue
tons ton
ton
Skips with average efficiency
L ine N o. 11ll—Continued
No. 5 (April):
C otton..:........................
Lumber_____ _____ ___
General cargo_________
1,552
298
85
76,876
298
85
51.5
18.0
3.5
30.1 “ 133.5
16.6
16.6
24.3
24.3
24.0
22.0
23.0
1.26 75.60 $0.63 7 $0.14
.75
.75 1.07
1.07
1.06 1.06
.75
• 40
Total_______ ____ ___
1,935
1,935
73.0
26.5
26.5
23.5
1.13
1.13
.71
.71
No. 6 (May):
Cotton________________
Lumber_______________
General cargo_________
839
136
140
73,745
136
140
24.5
11.0
7.5
34.2 7152.9
12.4
12.4
18.7
18.7
22.0
22.0
23.0
1.56 7 7.00
.56
.56
.81
.81
.51
1.43
.99
7.11
1.43
.99
Total_______________
1,115
1,115
43.0
25.9
25.9
22.2
1.17
.68
.68
24,781 1,073.5
23.1
23.1
22.1
1.04
1.04 $0.77
$0.77
4,849
19,932
30.6
21.8
30.6
21.8
21.6
22.2
1.42
.98
1.42
.98
1.17
L ine N o. 12 u
Total, 18 ships____________
12 24,781
Tobacco, 7 ships_______
General cargo____ ____ _
4,849
19,932
158.5
915.0
.56
.82
.56
.82
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (December):
Tobacco______________
Starch________________
Lumber_______________
General cargo_________
854
1,329
184
100
131,828
1,329 )
184 f
100
20.5
41.7
is 89.2
22.0
1.89 13 4.05 $0.42 13 $0.20
65.5
24.6
24.6
22.8
1.08
1.08
.74
.74
2,467
86.0
28.7
28.7
22.6
1.27
1.27
.63
.63
Total........... .............. .
2,467
No. 2 (June):
Tobacco_______ _______
Starch________________
Lumber..... ........... ..........
General cargo_________
496
997
273
193
Total__________ ____
1,959
496
997 1
273 V
193
1,959
23.5
21.1
21.1
19.0
1.11
1.11
.72
.72
50.0
29.3
29.3
24.0
1.22
1.22
.66
.66
73.5
26.7
26.7
22.4
1.19
1.19
.67
.67
0.84 $0.95
$0.95
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (May):
Tobacco______________
Starch. ........................
Lumber __________ _
General cargo_________
152
305
400
45
152
305
400
45
Total.... ......................
902
902
No. 4 (January):
Tobacco........................
Lumber ............... ........
Oyster shells____ . _
General cargo.................
482
288
220
150
482
288
220
150
T ota l..........................
1,140
1,140
48.5
18.6
18.6
22.1
0.84
57.0
20.0
20.0
22.4
.89
.89
7 Bales.
11 Norfolk and Newport News.
12 principal commodities: Tobacco, 8,904 tons; starch, 8,328 tons; and lumber, 3,847 tons.
.90
.90
325
NORFOLK AND NEWPORT NEWS (1927)
T a b l e 63.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLING CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Europe— Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of opera
tion, and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Ships with average efficiency
L in e N o. 12 h— Continued
No. 5 (November):
Tobacco
___________
Starch_____ ____ ______
General cargo.... ......... .
638
970
229
Total. .........................
No. 6 (October):
Tobacco ____________
Starch.............................
Lumber _____________
General cargo_________
T o ta l......... ..............
Ganghours
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
gang tons enue
tons ton
ton
131,390
970
}
229
27.0
23.6
w 51.5
22.3
1.06 13 2.31 $0.75 13 $0.35
51.5
23.3
23.3
22.6
1.03
1.03
.78
.78
1,837
1,837
78.5
23.4
23.4
22.5
1.04
1.04
.77
.77
643
537
380
89
643
537
380
89
1,649
1,649
72.5
22.7
22.7
21.7
1.05
1.05
.76
.76
19.9
22.5
0.88
0.88 $0.91
$0.91
$0.73
Loading cargo: Orient
L ine N o . 13 n
Total, 9 ships..................... -- “ 12,484
12,484
627.5
19.9
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (October):
T obacco___ __________
Starch________________
Lumber
948
554
170
948
544
170
Total............................
1,672
1,672
No. 2 (February):
Tobacco______________
Starch _
- _____
Lumber _____________
General cargo
- __
887
443
308
235
887
443
308
235
Total............................
1,873
1,873
67.0
25.0
25.0
22.8
1.09
1.09 $0.73
80.5
23.3
23.3
22.6
1.03
1.03
.78
.78
0.63 $1.27
$1.27
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (May):
Starch________________
Lumber
General c a r g o ..______
308
200
120
308
200
120
Total................... ........
628
628
No. 4 (November):
Tobacco
Lumber
General cargo _ _____
1,067
211
55
1,067
211
55
Total............................
1,333
1,333
43.5
14.4
14.4
22.8
0.63
76.5
17.4
17.4
21.9
.79
.79
11 Norfolk and Newport News,
w Hogsheads.
h principal commodities: Tobacco, 6,911 tons; starch, 2,615 tons; and lumber, 2,248 tons.
1.01
1.0i
326
GENERAL TABLES
T a b i e 6 * .— P R O D U C TIV IT Y OP LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Orient— Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Ganghours
Ship number, date of opera
tion, and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Ships with average efficiency
L ine N o. 13 h—Contiuued
No. 5 (October):
Tobacco______________
T/Umhp.r
_
Long
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
gang tons enue
tons ton
ton
1,562
147
1,562
147
85.0
20.1
20.1
22.7
0.89
1,321
70.0
18.9
18.9
22.0
.86
' 12,121
605.0
20.0
20.0
25.8
0.77
Total............................
1,709
1,709
No. 6 (August):
Lumber.......... ...... ,
Starch.................
General cargo.._______-
805
277
239
805
277
239
Total_______________
1,321
w 12,121
0.89 $0.90
.86
$0.90
.93
.93
0.77 $1.04
$1.04
$0.62
L ine N o . 14
Total, 17 ships._____- _____
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (April):
Tobacco leaf ___ ______
General cargo______ ___
370
184
370
184
Total ______________
554
554
No. 2 (January):
Cotton
_______
General cargo..__ _____
224
24
224
24
Total_______________
248
248
16.5
33.6
33.6
26.0
1.29
1.29 $0.62
9.5
26.1
26.1
24.0
1.09
1.09
.73
.73
0.44 $1.82
$1.82
1.43
1.43
0.77 $1.04
$1.04
1.03
1.03
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (July):
Tobacco, leaf_______ __
Staves...... .......................
Agricultural implements
General cargo.____ ____
113
351
290
91
113
351
290
91
Total................... ........
845
845
No. 4 (September):
Tobacco, leaf
.
Staves_______________ _
General cargo.. . . ____
134
489
72
134
489
72
Total...........................
695
695
69.5
12.2
12.2
27.4
0.44
48.5
14.3
14.3
25.4
.56
.56
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (October):
Tobacco, leaf..... ............
Auto parts____________
141
422
141
422
Total...........................
563
563
No. 6 (November):
Staves______ _________
Tobacco, leaf__________
General cargo_________
785
131
218
785
131
218
Total................ ; .........
1,134
1,134
31.0
18.2
18.2
23.5
0.77
57. C 19.9
19. S
25.4
.78
.78
11 Norfolk and Newport News.
15 Principal commodities: Tobacco and cigarettes, 6,093 tons; and barrel staves, 2,489 tons.
327
NORFOLK AND NEWPORT NEWS (1927)
T able 6 2 .—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
FOREIGN TR AD E —Continued
Loading cargo: Orient— Continued
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Ganghours
Ship number, date of opera
tion, and commodity
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Long
tons
Rev
enue
tons
Average
Aver Output per labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
men
per Long Rev Long Rev
enue
gang tons enue
tons ton
ton
L in e N o. 1511
Total, 12 ships____________
16 14,128
14,128
902.5
15.7
15.7
22.9
0.68
0.68 $1.18
$1.18
0.92 $0.87
$0.87
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (October):
Tobacco' ____________
Corn flour____________
General c a r g o ....
748
486
232
748
486
232
Total_______________
1,466
1,466
64.5
22.7
22.7
24.8
0.92
No. 2 (December): Tobacco..
351
351
20.0
17.6
17.6
19.0
.92
.92
.87
.87
0.51 $1.57
$1.57
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (August):
Tobacco______________
General cargo_________
275
180
275
180
Total_______________
455
455
No. 4 (January):
T o b a c c o ___ __________
Auto parts__ __________
Cigarettes ____________
General cargo_________
801
702
150
255
801
702
150
255
1,908
1,908
T o ta l..__________ „
38.5
11.8
11.8
23.2
0.51
157.5
12.1
12.1
22.3
.54
.54
1.48
1.48
0.72 $1.11
$1.11
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (June):
Tobacco___ _____ _____
Cigarettes_____________
Flour______ ___________
General cargo_________
240
180
156
258
240
180
155
258
Total_______________
833
833
No. 6 (March):
Tobacco______________
Auto parts____________
Cigarettes_____________
General cargo__________
298
548
180
151
298
548
180
151
Total...............................
1,177
1,177
h Norfolk
50.0
16.7
16.7
23.2
0.72
80.5
14.6
14.6
23.2
.63
and Newport News.
16 Principal commodities: Tobacco, 6,046 tons; and auto parts, 2,005 tons.
.63
1.27
1.27
328
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 63.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
INTER COASTAL TRADE—
Discharging cargo
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Output per Aver Output per
man-hour
gang-hour
age
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Long Reve
per Long Reve
tons nue gang tons nue
tons1
tons1
Average
labor cost
per—
Long
tons
Reve
nue
tons1
Total, 17 ships................................ 11,282
12,636
489.0
23.1
25.8
23.2
0.99
1.11 $0.81
Canned goods........................... 7,924
General cargo........................... 3,358
8,875
3,761
311.5
177.5
25.4
18.9
28.5
21.2
23.8
22.2
1.07
.85
1.20
.95
Long Reve
ton tnue
on1
L in e No. 162
$0.72
.75
.94
.67
.84
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (October):
Canned goods...........................
Beans........................................
629
117
705
130
15.0
7.5
42.0
15.5
47.0
17.3
24.0
24.0
1.75
.64
1.96 $0.46
.72 1.24
$0.41
1.11
Total......................................
746
835
22.5
33.1
37.1
24.0
1.38
1.55
.58
.52
No. 2 (March):
Canned goods...........................
General cargo...........................
875
333
980
373
27.0
15.5
32.4
21.5
36.3
24.1
22.0
22.0
1.47
.97
1.65
1.09
.54
.82
.48
.73
Total...................................... 1,208
1,353
42.5
28.4
31.8
22.0
1.29
1.45
.62
.55
0.97 $0.92
.49 1.83
$0.82
1.63
Ships with m in im u m efficiency
No. 3 (June):
Canned goods..
General cargo..
172
71
193
79
10.0
8.0
17.2
8.8
19.3
9.9
20.0
20.0
0.87
.44
Total.......................
243
272
18.0
13.5
15.1
20.0
.68
.76
1.18
1.05
No. 4 (January): General
554
621
32.5
17.1
19.1
22.0
.78
.87
1.03
.92
$0.73
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (August): General cargo___
304
341
13.5
22.6
25.3
23.0
0.98
1.10 $0.82
No. 6 (December):
Canned goods...........................
General cargo...........................
238
51
267
57
9.5
2.5
25.1
20.4
28.1
22.8
25.0
23.0
1.00
.89
1.12
.99
.79
.90
.71
.81
Total.....................................
289
324
12.0
24.1
27.0
24.6
.98
1.10
.82
.73
13.9
20.6
0.60
0.67 $1.33
$1.19
0.93 $0.96
.82 1.10
$0.86
.98
0.49 $1.82
.52 1.74
$1.63
1.54
Loading cargo
L in e No. 172
Total, 17 ships................................ 9,356
10,480
753.5
12.4
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (February)..
No. 2 (December)..
782
571
876
639
45.0
34.5
17.4
16.5
19.5
18.5
21.0
22.5
0.83
.73
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (M ay)___
No. 4 (January).
304
596
1 Short tons.
340
668
34.5
64.0
8.8
9.3
9.9
10.4
20.0
20.0
2 Norfolk.
0. 44
.46
329
NORFOLK AND NEWPORT NEWS (1927)
T a b le 6 3 .—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLING CARGO IN
IN TER C OA STA L TR AD E-Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Cargo tonnage
Ship number, date of operation,
and commodity
Reve
nue
tons 1
Long
tons
Average
Output per Aver Output per labor
cost
gang-hour
man-hour
age
per—
num
Gangber of
hours
men
Reve
Long Reve
per Long Reve
nue gang
nue
nue Long
tons tons1
tons tons1
ton ton
1
Ships with average efficiency
L in e N o. 17 2— Continued
No. 5 (April)...................................
No. 6 (April)...................................
425
666
35.5
55.0
12.0
12.1
13.4
13.6
20.0
20.0
0.60
.61
0.67 $1.33
.68 1.31
$1.19
1.18
12,355 1,075.0
10.3
11.5
20.9
0.49
0.55 $1.63
$1.45
0.85 $1.05
.82 1.10
$0.94
.98
0.40 $2.22
.41 2.16
$2.00
1.95
0.55 $1.63
.55 1.63
$1.45
1.45
476
746
L in e N o. 18 2
Total, 18 ships................................ 11,031
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (November)..........................
No. 2 (December)...........................
474
890
423
795
28.0
54.5
15.1
14.6
16.9
16.3
20.0
20.0
0.76
.73
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (July)...................................No. 4 (April)...................................
1,004
491
896
438
120.0
54.5
7.5
8.0
8.4
9.0
21.0
22.0
0.36
.37
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (March)................................ 1,032
293
No. 6 (September)..........................
1,156
328
101.0
30.0
10.2
9.8
11.5
10.9
21.0
20.0
0.49
.49
2Norfolk.
i Short tons.
T a b le 6 4 .— PR ODU CTIVITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLING CARGO IN
COASTW ISE TRADE
Discharging cargo
Week ending-
Cargo
ton
nage
(rev
enue
tons 0
Manhours
Out La
put
bor
per
man- cost
per
hour rev
(rev enue
enue t o n 1
tons1)
Week ending—
L in e N o . 192
Total, 261 ships..
Dec. 14,5 ships___
Total.......
Dec. 21, 5 ships-
Tetal.......
Cargo
ton
nage
(rev
enue
tons 0
Manhours
Out
put
per
manhour
(rev
enue
tons1)
La
bor
cost
per
rev
enue
to n 1
Weeks with m inim um efficiency
$0.44
L in e No. 19 2—Con.
Weeks with m axim um efficiency
July 21, 5 ships___
570
627
624
615
614
646.0
785.0
906.0
729.0
836.0
0.88
.80
.69
.84
.73
$0.45
.50
.58
.48
.55
Total.......... .
3,050
3,902.0
.78
.51
Sept. 14,5 ships.
529
479
712
541
930
659.0
563.0
828.0
677.0
1,204.0
.80
.85
.86
.80
.77
.50
.47
.47
.50
.52
Total....... .
3,191
3,931.0
.81
.49
186,055 205,343.0
0.91
656
764
656
736
965
3,777
516.0
715.0
585.0
670.0
948.0
3,434.0
1.27
1.07
1.12
1.10
1.02
1.10
$0.31
.37
.36
.36
.39
.36
549
731
484
704
624
3,092
536.0
696.0
521.0
646.0
500.0
2,899. 0
1.02
1.05
.93
1.09
1.25
1.07
.39
.38
.43
.38
.32
.37
.
1Short tons.
66490°—32------22
a Norfolk.
330
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 64.—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
COASTWISE TRADE—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Week ending—
Cargo
ton
nage
(rev
enue
tons 0
Manhours
Out La
put
bor
per
man- cost
per
hour rev
(rev
enue enue
tons1) t o n 1
Weeks with average efficiency
L in e No. 192— Con-
Feb. 28,6 ships-----
Total—
Apr. 21,5 ships___
Total-.
Week ending—
Cargo
ton
nage
(rev
enue
tons1)
Manhours
1,199.0
997.0
422.0
1,303.0
734.0
853.0
Q. 91
.98
1.05
.91
.89
1.05
$0.44
.41
.38
.44
.45
.38
5,021
5,508.0
.91
.44
595
686
540
331
893
692.0
786.0
706.0
342.0
838.0
.86
.87
.76
.97
1.07
.47
.46
.63
.41
.37
3,045
3,364.0
.91
.44
Dec. 21,6 ships___
Total.—
Jan. 7,5 ships..
Total..
3,191
3,558
3,542
5,608
5,443
4,472
3,685
4,709
3, 017
5,083
5,467
3,687
3,838
3,856
3,939
3,172
3,113
4,861
3,608
3,383
2,692
4,980
3,815
3,451
3,841
4,609
3,734
3,446
4,430
3,776
3,970
5,331
3,841
3,592
2,680
5,747
4,048
3,107
3,701
2,862
3,406
2,588
3,094.0
3,844.0
3,792.0
5,847.0
5,579.0
4,753.0
3,904.0
5,392.0
3,273.0
5,222.0
5,787.0
3,978.0
3,992.0
4,369.0
4,499.0
3,635.0
3,475.0
5,364.0
3,995.0
3,924.0
3,054.0
5,091.0
4,325.0
3,981.0
4,406.0
5,250.0
4,322.0
3,957.0
5,137.0
4,486.0
4,665.0
6,203.0
4,600.0
3,989.0
3,185.0
6,364.0
4,624.0
3,469.0
4,188.0
3,321.0
3,507.0
2,463.0
1.03 $0.39
.93
.43
.93
.43
.96
.42
.98
.41
.94
.43
.94
.43
.87
.46
.92
.43
.97
.41
.94
.43
.93
.43
.96
.42
.88
.45
.88
.45
.87
.46
.90
.44
.44
.91
.90
.44
.86
.47
.88
.45
.98
.41
.88
.45
.87
.46
.87
.46
.88
.45
.86
.47
.87
.46
.86
.47
.84
.48
.85
.47
.86
.47
.84
.48
.90
.44
.84
.48
.90
.44
.88
.45
.90
.44
.88
.45
.86
.47
.41
.97
1.05
.38
1Short tons.
0.80
$0.60
Weeks with m axim um efficiency
719
788
1,082
1,018
900
786
971.0
755.0
1,162.5
1,099.5
969.5
814.8
0.74
1.04
.93
.93
.93
.97
$0.54
.38
.43
.43
.43
.41
5,293
5,772.3
.92
.43
1,085
1,096
675
894
940
1,208.0
1,376.0
656.8
876.0
1,080.0
.90
.80
1.03
1.02
.87
.44
.60
.39
.39
.46
4,690
5,195.8
.90
.44
Other weeks
Jan. 7,4
Jan. 14,5 ships___
Jan. 21, 5 ships___
Jan. 31, 7 ships----Feb. 7, 6 ships.......
Feb. 14, 6 ships___
Feb. 21, 5 ships___
Mar. 7,6 ships----Mar. 14,4 ships__
Mar. 21,6 ships—
Mar. 31,7 ships—
Apr. 7, 5 ships.......
Apr. 14, 5 ships---Apr. 30,7 ships---May 7, 5 ships-----May 14,5 ships—
M ay 21,5 ships—
May 30,7 ships—
June 7, 5 ships-----June 14,5 ships—
June 21,4 ships—
June 30,7 ships—
July 7,5 ships-----July 14,5 ships___
July 31,5 ships----Aug. 7, 7 ships-----Aug. 14, 5 ships—
Aug. 21,5 ships—
Aug. 31, 6 ships.—
Sept. 7, 5 ships----Sept. 21,5 ships
Sept. 30, 7 ships. ..
Oct. 7,5 ships-----Oct. 14, 5 ships___
Oct. 21,4 ships___
Oct. 31,8 ships___ .
Nov. 7, 6 ships___ .
Nov. 14, 5 ships.—.
Nov. 21, 5 ships— .
Nov. 30, 5 ships— .
Dec. 7, 5 ships.......
Dec. 14,6 ships.... .
La
bor
cost
per
rev
enue
to n 1
L in e N o. 202
Total, 306 ships__ 296,569 370,162.0
1,093
802
443
1,190
651
842
Out
put
per
manhour
(rev
enue
tons1)
Weeks with m in im u m efficiency
Mar. 7,4 ships...
927
1,063
912
1,118
1,417.0
1,882.5
1,558.0
1,599.0
0.65
.56
.59
.70
$0.62
.71
.68
.57
Total-------
4,020
6,456.5
.62
.65
June 30,8 ships..
669
1,232
919
1,157
1,098
578
563
681
1,122.8
1,600.0
1,251.5
1,542.0
1,425.0
826.0
810.0
1,069.3
.60
.77
.73
.75
.77
.70
.70
.64
.67
.52
.55
.53
.52
.57
.57
.63
6,897
9,646.6
.71
.56
T otal-
Weeks with average efficiency
Jan. 14, 7 ships.
Total_____
Mar. 21, 6 ships. _
TotaL.
1, 111
904
797
708
768
868
1,073
6,229
1,359.0
1,045.0
1,122.0
837.0
1,048.0
1,111.0
1,263.0
7,785.0
0.82
.87
.71
.85
.73
.78
.85
.80
$0.49
.46
.56
.47
.55
.51
.47
.50
873
737
1,233
1,059
1,213
' 1,081
6,196
1,122.0
866.0
1,447.0
1,507.5
1,575.0
1,241.8
7,759.3
.78
.85
.85
.70
.77
.87
.80
.51
.47
.47
.57
.52
.46
.50
2Norfolk.
331
NORFOLK AND NEWPORT NEWS (1927)
T a b le
64 t -P R 0D U C T IV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G CARGO IN
COASTW ISE TRAD E—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Week ending—
Cargo
ton
nage
(rev
enue
tons i)
Manhours
Out La
put
bor
per
man- cost
per
hour rev
(rev enue
enue
tons1) t o n 1
Week ending—
Cargo
ton
nage
(rev
enue
tons i)
La
bor
cost
per
rev
enue
to n 1
Other weeks— Continued
Other weeks
L ine No. 202—Con.
L ine No. 20 2—Con.
Jan. 21, 6 ships----Jan. 30,8 ships----F eb .7 ,6 ships. ....
Feb. 14, 6 ships___
Feb. 21,6 ships___
Feb. 28,4 ships___
Mar. 14, 6 ships__
Mar. 31,9 ships.
Apr. 7, 6 ships____
Apr. 14,6 ships___
Apr. 21, 6 ships___
Apr. 30,8 ships—.
May 7,6 ships.......
May 14, 6 ships___
May 21, 6 ships___
May 31,8 ships___
June 7, 6 ships.......
June 14,6 ships—
June 21, 6 ships—
July 7, 6 ships.......
July 14,6 ships-----
Manhours
Out
put
per
manhour
(rev
enue
tons*)
4,676
7,394
6,829
6,772
6,087
4,246
7,158
8,847
5,613
5,307
5,600
7,041
5,559
5,092
5,783
7,890
5,445
6,017
5,963
4,061
5,126
5,912.0
9,034.0
6,776.0
7,618.0
6,028.9
5,661.1
9,535.3
10,917.3
7,009.0
7,358.0
7,166.6
8,823.5
7,100.5
6,246.0
6,603.0
9,261.0
6,237.3
8,065.1
7,547.5
5,667.5
7,240.0
0.79
.82
.86
.76
.84
.75
.75
.81
.80
.72
.78
.80
.78
.82
.88
.85
.87
.75
.79
.73
.71
$0.51
.49
.47
.53
.48
.53
.53
.49
.50
.56
.51
.50
.51
.49
.45
.47
.46
.53
.51
.55
.56
July 21, 6 ships___ 4,956
July 31,8 ships___ 7,283
Aug. 7, 6 ships....... 5,787
Aug. 14, 6 ships___ 5,560
Aug. 21, 6 ships___ 5,756
8,713
Aug. 31,9 ships—
Sept. 7, 6 ships___ 6,487
Sept. 14, 6 ships. __ 6,006
Sept. 21, 6 ships. __ 7,841
Sept. 30,8 ships.
99,927
Oct. 7,6 ships____ 7,134
Oct. 14, 6 ships___ 6,162
Oct. 21, 6 ships___ 6,984
Oct. 31,8 ships___ 9,891
5,979
Nov. 7,6 ships___
Nov. 14, 6 ships.._ 4,932
Nov. 21, 6 ships. __ 6,147
Nov. 30,8 ships__ 6,453
Dec. 7, 6 ships____ 6,314
Dec. 14, 6 ships----- 5,288
Dec. 31, 8 ships----- 6,129
6,717.0
9,386.6
7,086.3
6,782.0
6,590.2
10,157.6
7,787.0
7,519.0
9,930.0
11,758.0
8,846.0
7,051.0
8,425.0
13,050.0
7,755.0
6,390.8
7,387.0
7,743.6
7,602.5
6,199.0
7,690.2
0.74
.78
.82
.82
.87
.86
.83
.80
.79
.84
.81
.88
.83
.76
.77
.77
.83
.83
.83
.85
.80
$0.54
.51
.49
.49
.46
.47
.48
.50
.51
.48
.49
.45
.48
.53
.52
.52
.48
.48
.48
.47
.50
Loading cargo
L in e
No. 212
Weeks with average efficiency
Total, 268 ships.... 195,482 159,739.0
1.22
$0.33
L ine No. 212—Con.
Feb. 28, 5 ships___
Weeks with maxim um efficiency
Jan. 7, 5 ships.......
Total....... .
Dec. 31, 5 ships..
Total.
505
396
904
634
1,176
3,615
373.0
306.0
698.0
361.0
716.0
2,454.0
1.35
1.29
1.29
1.75
1.64
1.47
$0.30
.31
.31
; 23
.24
.27
Oct. 21, 7 ships___
922
535
58
686
547
2,748
714.0
337.0
44.0
465.0
356.0
1,916.0
1.20
1.58
1.32
1.47
1.54
1.43
.31
.25
.30
.27
.26
.28
Total............
Weeks with m inim u m efficiency
July 21, 5 ships___
Total....... .
June 30, 6 ships..
Total..
889
663
419
858
564
3,393
499
1,123
544
963
525
648
4,302
929.0
622.0
373.0
723.0
482.0
3,129.0
50210
955.0
453.0
913.0
459.0
644.0
3,926.0
0.96
1.06
1.12
1.19
1.17
1.08
.99
1.11
1.20
1.04
1.15
1.00
1.10
i Short tons.
$0.42
.38
.36
.34
.34
.37
.40
.36
.33
.38
.35
.40
.36
Total............
1,134
623
1,290
688
905
4,640
923.0
511.0
1,011.0
551.0
827.0
3,823.0
1.23
1.22
1.28
1.25
1.10
1.21
$0.33
.33
.31
.32
.36
.33
1,247
748
738
759
658
513
1,016
5,679
1,049.0
558.0
672.0
404.0
591.0
418.0
917.0
4,609.0
1.19
1.34
1.10
1.87
1.12
1.23
1.11
1.23
.34
.30
.37
.21
.36
.33
.36
.33
A l l other weeks
Jan. 14, 5 ships----Jan. 21, 5 ships----Jan. 31, 6 ships___
Feb. 7, 6 ships.......
Feb. 14, 4 ships----Feb. 21, 5 ships----Mar. 7, 5 ships
Mar. 14, 5 ships___
Mar. 21, 5 ships___
Mar. 31, 7 ships. .1.
Apr. 7, 5 ships-----Apr. 14, 6 ships___
Apr. 21, 5 ships . . .
Apr. 30, 6 ships___
May 7, 5 ships . . .
May 14, 5 ships___
May 21, 5 ships___
May 31,7 ships___
3,801
3,756
5,265
5,173
3,421
3,757
3,917
4,636
4,919
5,259
3,917
4,816
3,868
4,748
3,465
3,643
3,811
4,877
aNorfolk.
2,939.0
2,848.0
3,966.0
3,964.0
2,740.0
3,264.0
3,315.0
3,878.0
4,127.0
4,101.0
3,066.0
3,651.0
3,088.0
3,779.0
3,027.0
3,106.0
3,194.0
4,353.0
1.29
1.32
1.33
1.30
1.25
1.15
1.18
1.20
1.19
1.28
1.28
1.32
1.25
1.26
1.14
1.17
1.19
1.12
$0.31
.30
.30
.31
.32
.35
.34
.33
.34
.31
.31
.30
.32
.32
.35
.34
.34
.36
332
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 64,—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLING CARGO IN
COASTWISE TRADE—Continued
Loading cargo—Continued
Week ending-
L in e N o . 212— Con.
June 7, 5 ships.
June 14, 5 ships___
June 21, 5 ships___
July 7, 5 ships.......
July 14, 5 ships—
July 31, 7 ships—
Aug. 7, 5 ships.......
Aug. 14, 5 ships__
Aug. 21, 5 ships___
Aug. 31, 8 ships___
Sept. 7, 5 ships___
Sept. 14, 5 ships...
Sept. 21, 5 ships...
Sept. 30, 7 ships...
Oct. 7,4 ships____
Oct. 14, 4 ships___
Oct. 31, 7 ships___
Nov. 7, 4 ships___
Nov. 14, 5 ships....
Nov. 21, 5 ships__
Nov. 30, 7 ships....
Dec. 7, 5 ships____
Dec. 14, 5 ships___
Dec. 21, 5 ships___
Cargo
ton
nage
(rev
enue
tons!)
Manhours
Out
put
per
manhour
(rev
enue
tons1)
La
bor
cost
per
rev
enue
to n 1
A l l other weeks— Continued
3,739
3,908
3,853
3,519
3,406
5,521
3,739
3,948
3,707
5,775
3,843
3,613
3,802
5,748
3,036
2,765
5,417
2,661
3, 625
3,341
4,582
3,344
3,609
3,555
3,144.0
3,440.0
3,349.0
3,153.0
3,055.0
4,872.0
3,341.0
3,079.0
3,130.0
5,005.0
3,273.0
2,812.0
2,924.0
4,864.0
2, 278.0
2,122.0
4,149.0
2, 308.0
2,926.0
2,819. 0
3,612.0
2,456.0
2,544.0
2,821.0
1.19 $0.34
1.14
.35
.35
1.15
.36
1.12
.36
1.11
.35
1.13
.36
1.12
.31
1.28
.34
1.18
.35
1.15
.34
1.17
.31
1.28
.31
1.30
.34
1.18
1.33
.30
.31
1.30
.31
1.31
1.15
.35
1.24
.32
1.19
.34
1.27
.31
1.36
.29
1.42
.28
1.26
.32
L in e N o . 22*
Total, 306 ships— . 231, 111 221,936.8
1.04
$0.38
Weeks with m aximum efficiency
June 7, 6 ships.
913
523
616
629
1,128
804
803.8
482.0
563.0
575.3
1,006.5
725.1
Total___
4,613
4,155.7
1.11
.36
Apr. 7, 5 ships..
679
1,110
668
918
905
613.5
972.0
634.6
845.8
833.6
1.11
1.14
1.05
1.09
1.09
.36
.35
.38
.37
.37
4,280
3,899.5
1.10
.36
TotaL.
1.14
1.09
1.09
1.09
1.13
1.11
$0.35
.37
.37
.37
.35
.36
Weeks with m inim u m efficiency
1,598
1,175
1,051
1,149
1,400
1,433
1,332
919
1,713.3
1,290.8
966.1
1,254.3
1,371.3
1,473.3
1,443.5
991.3
Total___
10,057
10,503.9
.96
.42
Aug. 7, 6 ships..
817
712
589
573
600
674
921.1
723.3
531.0
635.8
586.3
729.0
.89
.98
1.11
.90
1.02
.92
.45
.41
.36
.44
.39
.43
3,965
4,126.5
.96
.42
June 30,8 ships..
TotaL.
.93 $0.43
.91
.44
1.09
.37
.92
.43
1.02
.39
.41
.97
.92
.43
.93
.43
* Short tons.
Week ending—
L in e No. 222—Con.
Mar. 14, 5 ships___
Total______
Cargo
ton
nage
(rev
enue
tons i)
Manhours
Out
put
per
manhour
(rev
enue
tons1)
La
bor
cost
per
rev
enue
ton 1
Weeks with average efficiency
856
864
983
1,026
1,144
806.8
781.6
1,006.6
1,022.1
1,070.8
1.06
1.11
.98
1.00
1.51
$0.38
.36
.41
.40
.37
4,873
4,687.9
1.04
.38
Aug. 31,9 ships___
718
683
578
560
510
743
1,009
621
695
780.3
678.5
599.0
585.0
516.0
723.0
794.0
641.0
595.0
.92
1.01
.97
.93
.99
1.03
1.27
.97
1.17
.43
.40
.41
.43
.40
.39
.31
.41
.34
Total............
6,117
5,911.8
1.04
.38
A l l other weeks
Jan. 7, 5 ships........
Jan. 14, 6 ships___
Jan. 21, 6 ships___
Jan. 31,8 ships___
Feb. 7, 6 ships.......
Feb. 14, 6 ships___
Feb. 21, 6 ships___
Feb. 28, 3 ships___
Mar. 7,6 ships
Mar. 21,6 ships___
Mar. 31,9 ships___
Apr. 14,6 ships___
Apr. 21,6 ships___
Apr. 30,8 ships___
May 7,6 ships____
May 14,6 ships___
May 21,6 ships___
May 31,8 ships___
June 14,6 ships___
June 21,6 ships___
July 7,6 ships____
July 14,6 ships___
July 21,6 ships___
July 31,8 ships___
Aug. 14, 6 ships___
Aug. 21,6 ships___
Sept. 7,6 ships___
Sept. 14,6 ships___
Sept. 21,6 ships___
Sept. 30,8 ships___
Oct. 7,6 ships____
Oct. 14,6 ships___
Oct. 21,6 ships___
Oct. 31,8 ships___
Nov. 7,6 ships
Nov. 14,6 ships___
Nov. 21,6 ships___
Nov. 30,8 ships___
Dec. 7,6 ships.......
Dec. 14,6 ships___
Dec. 21,6 ships___
Dec. 31,8 ships___
4,239
4,069
3,942
4,766
4,122
3,869
4,089
2,811
4,098
4,543
6,854
4,421
3,873
5,042
4,489
4,062
4,628
5,753
6,796
8,266
7,126
6,215
5,131
5,376
4,106
3,932
4,145
3,731
4,251
4,943
4,426
4,595
4,102
6,765
4,634
3,920
3,780
5,060
4,393
3,800
3,588
4,455
3Norfolk
3,876.3
3,806.5
3,687.3
4,489.3
3,795.0
3,583.2
3,870.5
2,890.4
3,881.9
4,442.6
6,394.1
4,503.0
3,696.7
4,767.5
4,241.5
3,823.0
4,267.9
5,340.1
6,299.6
7,719.7
6,707.2
6,152.2
5,142.7
5,386.8
4,037.0
3,943.7
4,055.0
3,587.7
4,260.6
4,714.8
4,152.3
4,350.1
3,917.9
6,665.6
4,504.0
3,756.2
3,644.3
4,832.7
4,030.3
3,638.4
3,412.0
4,383.4
1.09 $0.37
1.07
.37
1.07
.37
1.06
.38
1.09
.37
1.08
.37
1.06
.38
.41
.97
1.06
.38
1.02
.39
1.07
.37
.41
.98
1.05
.38
1.06
.38
1.06
.38
1.06
.38
1.08
.37
1.08
.37
1.08
.37
1.07
.37
1.06
.38
1.01
.40
1.00
.40
1.00
.40
1.02
.39
1.00
.40
1.02
.39
1.04
.38
1.00
.40
1.05
.38
1.07
.37
1.06
.38
1.05
.38
1.01
.40
1.03
.39*
1.04
.38
1.04
.38
1.05
.37
1.09
.38
1.04
.38
1.05
.38
1.02
.39
333
NORFOLK AND NEWPORT NEWS (1927)
T a b le
6 5 .-P R O D U C T IV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G IN DIVIDUAL
COM M ODITIES
Discharging cargo
Commodity, ship
number, and date
of operation
B
Gang-hours
Long
tons
Average
Aver Output per
labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
Reve men
Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue Long nue
tons gang tons
tons ton
ton
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
urlap
Line No. 23: *
Total, 7 ships—
No. 1 (Febru
ary)...............
No. 2 (M a y )...
No. 3 (June)...
No. 4 (July)— _
No. 5 (August).
No. 6 (Septem
ber)................
No. 7 (Decem
ber)................
2)432
2,432
111.0
21.9
21.9
21.4
1.02
1.02 $0.78
$0.78
157
476
478
319
329
157
476
478
319
329
8.0
20.0
23.0
12.5
14.0
19.6
23.8
20.8
25.5
23.5
19.6
23.8
20.8
25.5
23.5
23.0
22.0
20.0
21.0
23.0
.85
1.08
1.04
1.22
1.02
.85
1.08
1.04
1.22
1.02
.94
.74
.77
.66
.78
.94
.74
.77
.66
.78
338
338
15.5
21.8
21.8
21.0
1.04
1.04
.77
.77
335
335
18.0
18.6
18.6
21.0
.89
.89
.90
.90
31,479
31,479
1,099.5
28.6
28.6
14.4
1.99
1.99
.40
.40
3.10
2.55
3.10 $0.26
.31
2.55
$0.26
.31
$0.56
M anganese Ore
Line No. 24:2
Total, 10 ships..
S hips with m aximum efficiency
No. l (August).
No. 2 (April) ~
1,210
4,950
1,210
4,950
30.0
109.0
40.3
45.4
40.3
45.4
13.0
17.8
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (Septem
ber)...............
No. 4 (Octo
ber)________
1,971
1,971
92.0
21.4
21.4
15.0
1.43
1.43 $0.56
4,088
4,088
179.0
22.8
22.8
14.8
1.54
1.54
.52
.52
$0.42
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (Novem
ber)------------No. 6 (Decem
ber)..............
N
e w s p r in t
1,991
1,991
79.5
25.0
25.0
13.1
1.91
1.91 $0.42
2,482
2,482
98.5
25.2
25.2
13.0
1.94
1.94
18,043
320,211
720.5
25.0
328.1
19.3
1.29
.41
.41
P aper
Line No. 25:
Total, 11 ships..
31.45 $0.62 3$0.55
Ships with m axim um efficiency
No. 1 (Octo
ber) *___.......
No. 2 (Novem
ber) *_______
2,640
3 2,957
85.5
30.9
3 34.6
19.1
1.62 3 1.81 $0.49 3$0.44
2,461
3 2,756
88.5
27.8
3 31.1
19.2
1.45 3 1.62
.55
3.49
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (Au
gust) 2........ .
No. 4 (Au
gust) *...........
3 939
40.5
20.7
3 23.2
21.0
0.98
3 1,045
46.5
20.1
3 22.5
19.3
1.04 3 1.17
1 Norfolk and Newport News.
2 Norfolk.
»1 .10 $0.82 3$0.73
838
1,930
3 Short tons.
* Newport News.
.77
3.68
334
GEN ERAL TABLES
T a b le 65.—PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H A N D L IN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Commodity, ship
number, ana date
of operation
Gang-hours
Long
tons
Ships with average efficiency
e w s p r in t P a
p e r — CC on tin u ed
N
it r a t e o f
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
N
Line No. 25—Con.
No. 5 (Septem
ber) 4_______
No. 6 (Janu
ary) 4_______
Average
Aver Output per
labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
Reve men
Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue Long
nue
ton
tons gang tons
ton
tons
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
1 ,6 4 6
3 1 ,8 4 3
708
67.0
24.6
327.5
19.2
1 .2 8
3 1.43 $0.63 3$0.56
2 9 .5
24.0
3 26.9
1 8 .0
1 .3 3
31.49
2,693.0
24.6
24.6
38.0
.60
3.54
0.65
0.65 $1.23
$1.23
0.97
.83
0.97 $0.82
.83
.96
$0.82
.96
0.39
.45
0.39 $2.05
.45 1.78
$2.05
1.78
So d a
Line No. 26:2
Total, 18 ships.
66,200
66,200
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (Febru
ary) ________
No. 2 (April)_
1,323
10.009
1,323
10.009
36.0
318.0
36.8
31.5
38.8
31.5
38.0
38.0
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (March)
No. 4 (M a y ).—’
2,308
1,077
2,308
1,077
156.0
63.0
14.8
17.1
14.8
17.1
38.0
38.0
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (Febru
ary)..............
No. 6 (April)-
1,007
7,703
1,007
7,703
40.0
296.0
25.2
26.0
25.2
26.0
38.0
38.0
0.66
.68
0.66 $1.21
.68 1.18
$1.21
1.18
8,004
8,004
243.5
32.9
32.9
16.0
2.05
2.05 $0.39
$0.39
2.44
2.41
2.44 $0.33
2.41
.33
$0.33
.33
$0.48
Sulph ur
Line No. 27:2
Total, 8 ships...
Ships with maximum efficiency
No. 1 (April)..
No. 2 (April)-.
2,207
695
2,207
695
55.5
18.0
39.1
38.6
39.1
38.6
16.0
16.0
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (Janu
ary)....... ........
No. 4 (Febru
ary)— ...........
1,252
1,252
41.5
30.2
30.2
18.0
1.68
1.68 $0.48
708
708
23.5
30.1
30.1
17.0
1.77
1.77
.45
.45
1.92
2.07
1.92 $0.42
2.07
.39
$0.42
.39
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (Octo
ber)...............
No. 6 (June)-..
2
Norfolk.
964
916
964
916
33.5
29.5
3 Short tons.
28.8
31.1
28.8
31.1
15.0
15.0
4
Newport News.
335
NORFOLK AND NEWPORT NEWS (1927)
T a b le
65 .~ P R O D U C T IV IT Y OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COM M ODITIES—Continued
Discharging cargo— Continued
Gang-hours
Long
tons
Average
Aver Output per
labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
Reve men
Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue Long
nue
ton
tons gang tons
tons
ton
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship
number, and date
of operation
Revenue
tons
Long
tons
W oo d P u lp
Line No. 28:1
Total, 12 ships.
14,008
14,008
420.5
33.3
33.3
24.5
J. 36
1.36 $0.59
$0.59
1.80
1.68
1.80 $0.44
1.68
.48
$0.44
.48
0.96
1.02
0.96 $0.83
1.02
.78
$0.83
.78
1.39 $0.58
1.40
.57
$0.58
.57
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (MarchApril)______
No. 2 (January).
757
1,397
757
1,397
17.5
32.0
43.3
43.7
43.3
43.7
24.0
26.0
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 ( Decem
ber)................
No. 4 (June)...
1,100
400
1,100
400
46.0
14.0
23.9
28.6
23.9
28.6
25.0
28.0
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (July)___
No. 6 (July)— .
260
2,165
260
2,165
7.5
67.0
34.7
32.3
34.7
32.3
25.0
23.0
1.39
1.40
0.82 *0.45 $0.98 * $1.78
Loading cargo
L u m ber
Line No. 29: 2
Total, 8 ships. _
No. 1 (M ay)—
No. 2 (June)...
No. 3 (July).—
No. 4 (August).
No. 5 (Sep
tember)_____
No. 6 (October)
No. 7 (Novem
ber)...............
No. 8 (Decem
ber)....... ........
7,265 *4,026.0
403.0
18.0
*10.0
22.0
1,357
830
876
512
*754.2
*461.6
* 486.6
* 273.4
66.5
43.5
50.0
24.0
20.4
19.1
17.5
21.3
* 11.3
* 10.6
*9.7
* 11.4
22.0
22.0
22.0
22.0
.93
.87
.80
.97
*.52
*.48
*.44
6.52
.86
.92
1.00
.82
716
839
* 397.7
*466.2
43.5
48.5
16.5
17.3
*9.1
*9.6
22.0
22.0
.75
.79
*.42
*.44
1.07 5 1.90
1.01 * 1.82
5 1.54
51.67
51.82
6 1.54
1,015
*563.8
53.5
19.0
*10.5
22.0
.86
*.48
1,120
* 622.5
73.5
15.2
*8.5
22.0
.69
*.39
7,124
7,124
271.5
26.2
26.2
26.0
1.01
1.01 $0.79
$0.79
1.11
1.11
1.11 $0.72
1.11
.72
$0.72
.72
0.85
.86
0.85 $0.94
.86
.93
$0.94
.93
.93
51.67
1.16 5 2.08
P o t a to e s
Line No. 30: 2
Total, 10 ships.
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (June)...
No. 2 (August).
747
723
747
723
27.0
25.0
27.7
28.9
27.7
28.9
25.0
26.0
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (August).
No. 4 (J u ly )-..
723
723
723
723
1 Norfolk and Newport News.
34.0
31.0
21.3
23.3
2 Norfolk.
21.3
23.3
25.0
27.0
*1,000 board feet.
336
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 6 5 . - PR O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN HANDLING INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—-Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Commodity, ship
number, and date
of operation
Gang-hours
Long
tons
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Ships with average efficiency
P o t a t o e s —Con.
Line No 30 2—Con.
No. 5 (July)___
No. 6 (July)___
Average
Aver Output per
labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
Reve men
Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue Long nue
ton
ton
tons gang tons
tons
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
434
721
434
721
16.5
28.0
26.3
25.8
26.3
25.8
26.0
26.0
1.01
.99
1.01 $0.79
.81
.99
$0.79
.81
7,112
7,112
271.0
26.2
26.2
25.7
1.02
1.02 $0.78
$0.78
1.16
1.14
1.16 $0.69
1.14
.70
$0.69
.70
0.75
.94
0.75 $1.07
.94
.85
$1.07
.85
S ta r c h
Line No. 31:4
Total, 8 ships..
S kips with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (December).............
No. 2 (June). . .
1,195
721
1,195
721
39.0
23.5
30.6
30.7
30.6
30.7
26.5
27.0
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (March).
No. 4 (M a y )...
204
1,050
204
1,050
12.0
46.5
17.0
22.6
17.0
22.6
22.8
24.0
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (August).
No. 6 (March).
234
1,303
234
1,303
8.5
50.5
27.5
25.8
27.5
25.8
27.0
25.5
1.02
1.01
1.02 $0.78
1.01
.79
$0.78
.79
20,736
20,736
667.0
31.1
31.1
14.8
2.10
2.10 $0.38
$0.38
2.64
2.58
2.64 $0.30
2.58
.31
$0.30
.31
1.85
1.86
1.85 $0.43
.43
1.86
$0.43
.43
2.11
2.13
2.11 $0.38
2.13
.38
$0.38
.38
St e e l B ille ts 6
Line No. 32: *
Total, 17 ships.
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (Septem
ber)...............
No. 2 (August).
1,011
1,025
1,011
1,025
25.5
26.5
39.7
38.7
39.7
38.7
15.0
15.0
Ships with m inim um efficiency
No. 3 (March).
No. 4 (April)__
1,844
8*3
1,844
843
68.0
29.0
27.1
29.1
27.1
29.1
14.7
15.6
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (MayJune)............
No.6(October).
2 Norfolk.
1,682
827
1,682
827
54.5
25.0
Newport News.
30.9
33.1
30.9
33.1
14.6
15.5
6 From cars to ship.
337
NORFOLK AND NEWPORT NEWS (1927)
T a b l e 65.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AND LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G IN DIVIDU AL
COM M ODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo—Continued
Commodity, ship
number, and date
of operation
Gang-hours
Long
tons
Average
Aver Output per
labor cost
man-hour
age
per—
num
ber of
Reve men
Reve
per Long Reve
nue
nue Long
nue
ton
tons gang tons
tons
ton
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
T obacco
Line No. 33: i
Total, 9 ships..
3,617
3,617
120.0
30.1
30.1
24.0
1.25
1.25 $0.64
$0.64
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (Au
gust)..............
No. 2 (M ay)-_
347
253
7702
7520
10.0
7.0
34.7
36.1
7 70.2
7 74.3
23.0
24.0
1. 51 7 3.00 $0.53 7$0. 27
1. 51 7 3.10
.53 7.26
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
No. 3 (Feb
ruary)______
No. 4 (Octo
ber)________
376
7721
15.5
24.3
746.5
28.0
0.87
566
566
23.5
24.1
24.1
22.0
1.09
7 1.70 $0.92 7$0.47
1.09
.73
.73
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (Sep
tember)_____
N o .6 (March).
223
746
7460
71,473
8.0
20.5
24,658
8923,857
103,299.0
27.9
36.4
7 57.5
7 71.9
23.0
26.0
1.21 7 2.50 $0.66 7$0. 32
1.40 72.80
.57 7 .29
G r a in 8
Line No. 34:2
Total, 14 ships .
7.47 #280. 00 $0.11 11$2.86
Ships with m aximum efficiency
No. 1 (Au
gust)....... —
No. 2 (Au
gust) _______
1,714
*64.000
10106.0
1,071
•40,000
1086. 0
16.17 9604.00 $0.05 11$1.33
12.45 9465.00
.06 111.70
Ships with m inim u m efficiency
1,071
2,143
No. 3 (June)...
No. 4 (March).
940,000
980,000
3.30 9123.00 $0.24 11$6. 50
4.07 9152.00
.20 115.26
10325.0
10526.0
Ships with average efficiency
No. 5 (Au
gust)..............
No. 6 (Octo
ber)....... ........
1,071
940.000;
1,500
956,000
10U2.0
10184.0
7.54 9282.00 $0.11 11 $2.84
8.15 9304.00
.10 11 2.63
C oal
Line No. 35:12
Total................ 6,957,057 6,957,057 10178,838.0
38.90
38.90
1024,728.0
1017.219.0
1017.818.0
1014.786.0
1013.590.0
1012.506.0
34. 33
41.86
40.61
35.58
35.64
39.61
34.33
41.86
40.61
35.58
35.64
39.61
January______
February.- _
March________
April_________
May
June_________
848,865
720,718
723,501
526,034
484,352
495,409
848,865
720,718
723,501
526,034
484,352
495,409
’ Norfolk and Newport News.
2Norfolk.
7Hogsheads.
8Trimming only.
9Bushels.
m Man-hours.
11Per 1,000 bushels.
i2Norfolk: Pier operations only.
338
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 65.-—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Average
Aver- Output per
labor cost
num- man-hour
per—
ber of
men
Reve man
Reve
per Long Reve
nue Long nue
nue
gang tons tons
ton
Ions
ton
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Commodity, ship
number, and date
of operation
Gang-hours
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Long
tons
C oal—Continued
Line No. 35.12—Con.
July..................
August..............
September.......
October_______
November____
December_____
524.893
555,849
552,127
510,508
504,907
509.894
524,893
555,849
552,127
510,508
504,907
509 894
1013.348.0
1012.783.0
1013.155.0
1012.768.0
1012.516.0
1013.621.0
Line No. 36:«
Total................. 7,203,997 7,203,997 “ 103,777.0
39.32
43.48
41.97
39.98
40.34
37.43
39.32
43.48
41.97
39.98
40.34
37.43
37.18
37.18
January...........
February..........
March..............
April............
M ay.................
June_________
July..................
August..............
September____
October............
November____
December_____
649,615
620,192
713,228
585,922
602,259
553,936
594.359
559.298
557,907
651.360
531,623
584.298
649,615
620,192
713,228
585,922
602,259
553,936
594.359
559.298
557,907
651.360
531,623
584.298
1024.806.0
1018.463.0
1020.665.0
1015.983.0
1014.847.0
1014.477.0
1014.988.0
1014.282.0
1013.032.0
1015.309.0 ............ ............ .........
1012.085.0
1014.840.0
26.19
33.59
34.51
36.66
40.56
38.26
39.66
39.16
42.81
42.55
43.99
39.37
26.19
33.59
34.51
36.66
40.56
38.26
39.66
39.16
42.81
42.55
43.99
39.37
Line No. 37:i
T o t a l...______
540,901
540,901
10 18,086.0
29.91
29.91
January______
February_____
March________
April_________
M ay_________
June_________
J u ly _________
August_______
September____
October_______
November____
December_____
63,830
32,807
103,879
33,199
33,541
29,182
31,908
63,309
21,523
48,479
38,223
41,021
63,830
32,807
103,879
33,199
33,541
29,182
31,908
63,309
21,523
48,479
38,223
41,021
W3,544.0
101.551.0
103.906.0
101.388.0
101.127.0
10 883.0
10701.0
101.307.0
10469.0
101.074.0
10966.0
101, 17a 0
18.01
21.15
26.59
23.92
29.76
33.05
45.52
48.44
45.89
45.14
39.57
35.06
18.01
21.15
26.59
23.92
29.76
33.05
45.52
48.44
45.89
45.14
39.57
35.06
28.41
28.41
26.43
25.57
28.92
28.31
26.46
29.18
32.05
29.29
32.12
26.62
28.35
29.69
26.43
25.57
28.92
28.31
26.46
29.18
32.05
29.29
32.12
26.62
28.35
29.69
491,344
418,058
479,738
471,235
404,223
380,861
404,184
385,072
408,019
335,696
312,718
331,448
491,344
418,058
479,738
471,235
404,223
380,861
404,184
385,072
408,019
335,696
312,718
331,448
Line No. 39: h
T otal—
Cargo_____ 1,568,757 1,568,757
B u n k e r ___
155,349
155,349
January—
Cargo_____
Bunker___
February—
Cargo_____
Bunker___
95,567
13,488
95,567
13,488
115,839
9,184
115,839
9,184
|
o o o o o o o o o o o o
Jfl.nnfl.ry______
February_____
March________
April_________
M ay_________
June__ _______
July..................
August_______
September____
October............
November____
December_____
s s s s s s s s s s s s
Line No. 38:12
Total_________ 4,822,596 4,822,596 10169,771.0
1,207.6 1,299.1 1,299.1
859.4
180.8
180.8
95.8
81.1
3.7 348.80 348.80
32.9
5.50
5.50
998.0
166.3
3.8 265.60 265.60
35.3
4.72
4.72
85.4 1,357.2 1,357.2
65.5
140.2
140.2
3.5 287.40 287.40
34.7
4.04
4.04
998.0
166.3
i Norfolk and Newport News.
“ Man-hours.
12 Norfolk: Pier operations.
13Newport News: Pier operations.
14Norfolk: Trimming—Cargo, with automatic trimmers; bunker, by hand.
______ _
339
NORFOLK AND NEWPORT NEWS (1927)
T a b l e 6 5 .—P R O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H A N D LIN G INDIVIDUAL
COM M O DITIES—Continued
Loading cargo—Continued
Commodity, ship
number, and date
of operation
Long
tons
Average
Output per
labor cost
Aver- man-hour
per—
numberof
men
Reve per Long Reve Long Reve
nue gang tons
nue
nue
tons
tons ton
ton
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
C oal—Continued
Line No. 39 w—Con.
March—
Cargo_____
B lin k er
April—
Cargo_____
B lin k er
May—
Cargo_____
B u n k er
June—
Cargo_____
Bunker.,
July—
Cargo_____
B u n k er
August—
Cargo_____
B u n k er
September—
Cargo_____
Bunker___
October—
Cargo_____
Bunker___
November—
Cargo_____
Bunker___
December—
Cargo_____
Bunker___
134,907
11,405
134,907
11,405
124.4 1,084.2 1,084.2
207.7
207.7
54.9
3.5 307.90 307.90
38.8
5.35
5.35
143,204
11,164
143,204
11,164
103.3 1,386.6 1,386.6
277.4
277.4
40.3
3.9 357.10 357.10
39.9
6.95
6.95
139,253
13,747
139,253
13,747
119.4 1,165.9 1,165.9
194.5
194.5
70.7
3.6 322.40 322.40
33.3
5.84
5.84
148,615
15,184
148,615
15,184
104.0 1,428.6 1,428.6
235.1
235.1
64.6
3.9 364.80 364.80
31.5
7.45
7.45
137,424
18,667
137,424
18,667
98.5 1,395.9 1,395.9
166.3
166.3
112.2
3.7 374.20 374.20
5.28
3L5
5.28
126,054
12,666
126,054
12,666
101.9 1,237.5 1,237.5
220.3
220.3
57.5
3.8 324.80 324.80
6.85
32.2
6.85
118,663
7,933
118,663
7,933
73.7 3,610.5 1,610.5
41.8
190.0
190.0
3.9 412.60 412.60
33.5
5.67
5.67
148,559
16,099
148,559
16,099
99.2 1,497.9 1,497.9
198.1
81.3
198.1
3.8 398.10 398.10
31.5
6.28
6.28
116,332
11,018
116,332
11,018
94.6 1,229.6 1,229.6
108.7
101.3
108.7
3.6 342.60 342.60
3.85
28.3
3.85
144,340
14,794
144,340
14,794
107.5 1,342.3 1,342.3
167.5
88.3
167.5
3.8 356.80 356.80
5.31
31.5
5.31
Line No. 40:16
Total—
Cargo_____ 1,914,045 1,914,045
241,984
Bunker___
241,984
January—
Cargo_____
Bunker___
February—
Cargo_____
Bunker___
March—
Cargo....... .
Bunker___
April—
Cargo_____
Bunker___
May—
Cargo.........
Bunker___
June—
Cargo_____
Bunker___
July—
Cargo.........
Bunker___
August—
Cargo.........
Bunker___
September—
Cargo.........
Bunker___
October—
Cargo.........
Bunker___
2,698.0
2,150.5
709.4
112.5
709.4
112.5
45.0
45.0
15.76
2.50
15.76
2.50
165,750
20,109
165,750
20,109
319.0
178.5
519.6
112.7
519.6
112.7
45.0
45.0
11.55
2.50
11.55
2.50
190,730
15,210
190,730
15,210
291.0
136.0
655.4
111.8
655.4
111.8
45.0
45.0
14.56
2.48
14.56
2.48
176,848
21,546
176,848
21,546
331.0
191.5
534.3
112.5
534.3
112.5
45.0
45.0
11.87
2.50
11.87
2.50
165,191
25,134
165,191
25,134
256.0
£33.5
645.3
107.6
645.3
107.6
45.0
45.0
14.34
2.39
14.34
2.39
117,681
16,302
117,681
16,302
154.0
173.5
764.2
94.0
764.2
94.0
45.0
45.0
16.98
2.09
16.98
2.09
123,771
17,357
123,771
17,357
141.5
157.5
874.7
110.2
874.7
110.2
45.0
45.0
19.44
2.45
19.44
2.45
155,856
20,460
155,856
20,460
189.5
169.0
822.5
121.1
822.5
121.1
45.0
45.0
18.28
2.69
18.28
2.69
174,230
20,225
174,230
20,225
222.5
202.5
783.1
99.9
783.1
99.9
45.0
45.0
17.40
2.22
17.40
2.22
159,648
18,637
159,648
18,637
203.0
180.0
786.4
103.5
786.4
103.5
45.0
45.0
17.48
2.30
17.48
2.30
187,186
18,943
187,186
18,943
205.5
128.0
910.9
148.0
910.9
148.0
45.0 20.24
3.29
45.0
14 Norfolk: Trimming—Cargo, with automatic trimmers; bunker by hand,
is Norfolk: Trimming, by hand.
20.24
3.29
340
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e 65.—P R O D U C TIV ITY OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H AN DLIN G INDIVIDUAL
COMMODITIES—Continued
Loading cargo— Continued
Commodity, ship
number, ana date
of operation
Gang-hours
Long
tons
Average
Output per
labor cost
Aver- man-hour
per—
numberof
men
Reve per Long Reve Long Reve
nue
nue
nue gang tons
tons ton
ton
tons
Output per
gang-hour
Cargo tonnage
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
C oal—Continued
Line No.4015—Con.
November—
Cargo.
Bunker___
December—
Cargo.........
Bunker___
24,093
201.0
178.0
813.9
135.4
813.9
135.4
45.0
45.0
18.09
3.01
18.09
3.01
133,561
23,968
184.0
222.5
725.9
107.7
725.9
107.7
45.0
45.0
16.13
16.13
2.39
Line No. 41: w
Total—
Cargo......... 2,028, 799 2,028,799
Bunker___
232,305
232,305
3,425.3
2,359.5
592.3
98.4
592.3
98.4
38.0
38.0
15.59
2.59
15.59
374.3
263.0
465.1
92.8
465.1
92.8
38.0
38.0
12.24
2.44
12.24
2.44
469.5
100.3
469.5
100.3
38.0
38.0
12.36
2.64
12.36
2.64
January—
Cargo.........
Bunker___
February—
Cargo.........
Bunker___
March—
Cargo.........
Bunker___
April—
Cargo_____
Bunker___
May—
Cargo------Bunker----June—
Cargo------Bunker___
July—
Cargo------Bunker----August—
Cargo.........
Bunker___
September—
Cargo_____
Bunker___
October—
Cargo.........
Bunker___
November—
Cargo.........
Bunker----December—
Cargo.........
Bunker___
Line No. 42:«
Total................
January............
February_____
March..............
April.................
M ay.................
June.............. —
July..................
August...........
September........
October.......
November..
December. __
163,593
133,561
23,968
174,105
24,394
174,105
24,394
173,375
17,005
173,375
17,005
193,923
18,246
193,923
18,246
373.9
189.7
518.
96.21
518.6
96.2
38.0
38.0
13.65
2.53
13.65
156,717
20,486
156,717
20,486
284.8
203.3
550.3
100.8
550.3
100.8
38.0
38.0
14.48
2.65
14.48
2.65
188,388
19,626
188,388
19,626
262.1
193.5
718.8
101.4
718.8
101.4
38.0
38.0
18.92
2.67
18.92
2.67
138,454
20,150
138,454
20,150
183.0
169.7
756.
118.7
756.6
118.7
38.0
38.0
19.91
3.12
19.91
3.12
166,472
22,052
166,472
22,052
359.6
283.0
462.9
77.9
462.9
77.9
38.0
38.0
12.18
2.05
12.18
2.05
156,187
16,478
156,187
16,478
314.0
176.3
497.4
93.5
497.4
93.5
38.0
38.0
13.09
2.46
13.09
2.46
159,206
14,561
159,206
14,561
196.8
143.1
809.0
101.8
809.0
38.0
38.0
21.29
21.29
101.8
179,338
20,298
179,338
20,298
251.2
195.1
713.
104.0
713.9
104.0
38.0
38.0
18.79
2.74
18.79
2.74
16,816
160,809
16,816
194.5
166.3
101.1
826.8
101.1
38.0
38.0
21.76
21.76
181,825
22,193
181,825
22,193
261.8
206.9
107.3
38.0
38.0
18.28
2.82
18.28
2.82
311,314
311,314
853.2
364.9
364.9
33.7
10.83
10.83
35,678
22,814
58,582
24,141
29,745
35,678
22,814
58,582
24,141
29,745
24,376
22,713
31,863
18,963
28,879
12,518
1,042
129.9
76.2
131.4
71.1
79.3
69.8
50.3
89.3
38.8
58.2j
46.3!
12.5
274.6
299.5
445.8
339.
374.
349.0
451.2
356.6
489.4
496.5
270.1
83.4
274.6
299.5
445.8
339.6
374.9
349.0
451.2
356.6
489.4
496.5
270.1
83.4
35.6
32.5
34.6
35.0
35.3
36.3
30.9
32.1
29.0
32.3
31.4
7.72
9.20
12.89
9.71
10.62
9.61
14.60
7.72
9.20
12.89
9.71
10.62
9.61
14.60
11.10
16.90
15.39
8.60
2.58
22,713
31,863
18,963
28,879
12,518
1,042
15 Norfolk: Trimming, by hand.
107.3
2.68
2.
11.10
16.90
15.39
8.60
2.58
2.66
U Newport News: Trimming, by hand.
Baltimore (1927)
T a b le 66.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR AN D LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G CARGO, B Y
KIN D OF T R A D E A N D INDIVIDU AL COM MODITIES
Output per gang- Aver
hour
age
num
ber of
men
Long Revenue per
tons
gang
tons
Cargo tonnage
Operation, line number,
and commodity
Ganghours
Long
tons
Revenue
tons
Output per
man-hour
Average
labor cost
per—
Long Rev Long Rev
enue
tons enue
tons ton ton
Foreign trade *
Discharging cargo:
Europe—
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
Loading cargo:
Europe—
No. 5..........
No. 6_........
No. 7
No. 8
Orient—
No. 9
No. 10
No. 11
40,531
19,408
22,233
18,649
40,800
19,408
22,233
18,649
1,335.0
731.5
949.0
1,129.5
30.4
26.5
23.4
16.5
30.6
26.5
23.4
16.5
20.8
21.6
20.0
19.7
1.47
1.23
1.17
.84
1.47 $0.58 $0.58
1.23
.69
.69
1.17
.73
.73
.84 1.01 1.01
12,522
13,324
29,473
13,742
12,522
13,324
29,473
13,765
451.5
551.5
1,459.0
695.5
27.7
24.2
20.2
19.8
27.7
24.2
20.2
19.8
20.8
19.5
18.2
21.3
1.34
1.24
1.11
.93
1.34
1.24
1.11
.93
.63
.69
.77
.91
.63
.69
.77
.91
45,621
50,514
10,002
45,621
50,514
10,002
1,765.5
2,158.0
567.5
25.8
23.4
17.6
25.8
23.4
17.6
18.0
20.9
20.9
1.43
1.12
.84
1.43
1.12
.84
.59
.76
1.01
.59
.76
1.01
Intercoastal trade 1
Discharging cargo:
No. 12...............
Loading cargo:
No. 13__...........
No. 14...............
No. 15. ............
No. 16...............
No. 17................
23,107
20,632
2
3 8 ,1 6 4
a 4 2 ,7 4 6
2
26,072
146,377
20,795
34,409
2
29,139
153,747
2 23,291
2 38,634
887.0
1 ,8 7 4 .0
1,294.0
6,974.5
1,241.5
2,181. 5
23.3
2
26.1
20.7
1.13
2
1.26 $0.75 2 $0.67
20.4
20.1
21.0
16.7
15.8
*22.8
2 22.5
2 22.0
2 18.8
2 17.7
16.5
18.4
20.3
18.2
18.8
1.23
1.10
1.03
.92
.84
2
2
2
2
1.38
1.23
1.09
1.03
2 .9 4
.69
.77
.83
.93
1.01
2 .6 2
2 .6 9
2.78
2.83
2.90
Coastwise trade 8
Discharging cargo:
No. 18...............
No. 19__...........
No. 20. ............
Loading cargo:
No. 21...............
No. 22...............
No. 23...............
2 44
<45,562.4
286^845 «90,154.0
2 18,395 410,320.0
2 0.97
2.96
2 1.78
2$0.46
2.47
2.25
2 161,038 <162,113.0
243,706 * 45,218.6
2 16,863 <7,292.0
2.97
22.31
2.45
2.46
2.19
Individual commodities
Discharging cargo:
Bananas—No. 241- 27,474 *1,600,876
Copper—
9,893
2 11,081
No. 25_____
8,042
29,007
No. 26_____
Lumber—
745,971
No. 27..........
20,682
7 13,713
No. 28........
3,442.7
8.0
®465.0
32.0
0.25 *14.53 $1.80 6 $3.10
263.5
284.5
37.5
28.3
242.1
231.7
15.9
16.2
2.35 22.63
1.75 2 1.96
2,900.2
1,226.0
i6.9
715.9
711.2
18.1
17.3
« Stems per conveyor hour
1 Wage rate: 85 cents per hour.
2 Short tons.
3 Wage rate: 45 cents per hour.
.98
7.88
7. 65
* Man-hours.
* Stems.
• Per 100 stems.
71,000 board feet.
341
.36
.49
2.32
2.43
7. 97
.87 71.31
342
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le 66.—PR O D U C TIV IT Y OF LABOR A N D LABOR COST IN H ANDLIN G CARGO, B Y
KIN D OF T R A D E A N D IN DIVIDU AL COM M ODITIES—Continued
Cargo tonnage
Operation, line number,
and commodity
Ganghours
Long
tons
D i s c h a r g i n g cargo—
Continued.
Newsprint paper—
No. 29— ..............
Nitrate of soda—
No. 30-............. 52,530
No. 31.............. 40,112
Ore—
No. 32 8 . . . ......... 120,749
No. 33 9............. 47,442
Pota