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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR
BULLETIN
OF THE
BUREAU OF LABOE
VOLUME X X IV —1912
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1912
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXIV.
No. 98.—JANUARY, 1912.
Mediation and arbitration of railway labor disputes in the United States,
by Chas. P. Neill:
Introduction and summary...............................................................................
Scope of Hie Erdman Act..................................................................................
Course of procedure in a case of mediation............................. .....................
Conditions necessary to action by mediators..........................................
Taking a strike vote before application..................................................
Action of mediators upon receipt of application....................................
Forms of applications and replies............................................................
Cases of rejection of mediation.................................................................
The mediation proceedings........................................................................
Distinction between mediation proceedings and arbitration..............
Arbitration under the Erdman Act.................................................................
Appeal to courts from arbitration decisions....................................................
Concerted movements........................................................................................
Arbitration act of 1888........................................................................................
Chicago Strike Commission...............................................................................
Congressional discussion of Erdman Act upon passage................................
History of first attempt to utilize Erdman Act..............................................
Second case under the act.................................................................................
Table I.—Cases of mediation and arbitration under the Erdman Act, June
1, 1898, to December 31, 1911......................................................................
Table II.—Arbitration proceedings under the Erdman Act, including
cases where mediation was first invoked and cases of arbitration direct,
June 1, 1898, to December 31,1911.............................................................
Appendix I.—Acts concerning mediation and arbitration of controversies
between carriers engaged in interstate commerce and their employees
(passed in 1898 and in 1911)..........................................................................
Appendix II.—Act concerning arbitration of controversies between car
riers engaged in interstate commerce and their employees (passed in
1888)...........................................................................
Canadian Industrial Disputes Investigation Act of 1907.....................................
Conciliation and arbitration of railway labor disputes in Great Britain:
Conciliation and arbitration agreement of 1907.............................................
Railway strike of August, 1911.........................................................................
Settlement of the strike.....................................................................................
Inquiry of the royal commission......................................................................
Complaints of the railway employees......................................................
Delay in acting upon complaints......................................................
Claim of companies of right to interpret awards............................
Refusal to receive official representatives of the men...................
Alleged victimization of representatives of the men.....................
Summary of complaints of the men.................................................
Answers of the railway companies...........................................................
Opposition to recognition of the union...........................................
Attitude of parties toward conciliation...................................................
hi
Page.
1-3
3-6
6-15
6,7
7,8
8
8-11
11,12
12-14
14,15
15-18
19,20
20-26
26,27
27,28
28,29
29-42
42,43
44-55
56,57
58-61
61-63
64-81
82-85
85-87
87,88
89-95
89-93
89
89-91
91,92
92,93
93
93,94
93,94
94,95
IV
BULLETIN OF T H E BUREAU OF LABOR.
Conciliation and arbitration of railway labor disputes in Great Britain—Con. Page.
Report of the royal commission........................................................................
95
Criticism of the report of the royal commission....................„....................... 96,97
Amendment of the conciliation scheme of the royal commission.............. 97,98
Attitude of parties and the public toward conciliation and arbitration... 98,99
Appendix I.—Report of the royal commission appointed to investigate
and report on the working of the railway conciliation and arbitration
scheme of 1907.................................................................................................. 100-109
Appendix II.—Scheme recommended by the royal commission for deal
ing with questions affecting wages, hours, or conditions of service of
railway employees in the manipulation of traffic...................................... 109-117
Appendix III.—Railway conciliation and arbitration scheme of Novem
ber 6,1907.....*................................................................................................ 117-120
Appendix IV.—Conciliation and arbitration agreement of Caledonian
Railway Co........................................................................................................ 120-122
Conciliation and arbitration in Great Britain:
Conciliation Act of 1896.....................................................................................
123
Permanent court of arbitration.........................................................................
124
Industrial council................................................................................................ 124-127
Conciliation boards in 1910................................................................................ 127-132
Membership of conciliation boards...........................................................
128
Scope of work of conciliation boards........................................................ 128,129
Provisions against strikes and lockouts....................................................
129
Methods of conciliation boards for final settlement of differences___129-132
Provisions against violation of agreements..............................................
132
Cases dealt with by Board of Trade under the Conciliation Act, 1896 to
1910.................................................................................................................... 132-136
Mediation work of Board of Trade................................................................... 136,137
Work of permanent conciliation boards and joint committees...................137-139
Indirect effect of conciliation act..................................................................... 139,140
Appendix I.—Conciliation Act, 1896.............................................................. 140,141
Appendix II.—Court of arbitration.................................................................. 141-143
Appendix III.—Rules of London Labor Conciliation and Arbitration
Board......................
i43,144
Appendix IY.—Durham Coal Owners’ Association and Durham County
Mining Federation Conciliation Board and Durham Coal Owners’ Asso
ciation and Durham Miners’ Association.................................................... 144-149
Appendix Y.—Cleveland Mine Owners’ Association and Cleveland
Miners and Quarrymen’s Association........................................................... 149,150
Appendix VI.—Argeement between Shipbuilding Employers’ Federation
and Shipyard Trade-Unions.......................................................................... 150-153
Appendix V II.—Building trades conciliation boards.....................................153-156
Appendix V III.—Brooklands Agreement...................................................... 156-158
Appendix IX .—Agreement of North and Northeast Lancashire Cotton
Spinners’ and Manufacturers’ Association and Amalgamated Weavers’
Association........................................................................................................ 159,160
Attitude of employing interests toward conciliation and arbitration in Great
Britain, by A. Maurice Low, M. A.:
Introduction.......................................................................................................... 161-165
Voluntary character of provisions for conciliation and arbitration... 162,163
Distinction between conciliation and arbitration..................................
163
Railway conciliation and arbitration scheme of 1907........................... 164,165
Opinions of employers concerning conciliation and arbitration...................165-178
Prominent cotton spinner........................................................................... 167,168
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24.
V
Attitude of employing interests toward conciliation and arbitration in Great Page.
Britain—Concluded.
Opinions of employers concerning conciliation and arbitration—Concld.
Sir Samuel Boulton, chairman London Labor Conciliation and Arbi
tration Board............................................................................................. 168-171
Thomas Costigan, secretary London Master Builders’ Association... 171-173
Sir Hugh Bell, ironmaster..........................................................................
173
Employers’ associations for defensive purposes..................................... 174,175
Attitude of employers toward arbitration............................................... 175-178
Conclusion.............................................................................................................
178
Attitude of labor toward conciliation and arbitration in Great Britain, by
Arthur E. Holder:
Introduction......................................................................................................... 179,180
Attitude of General Federation oi Trade Unions.......................................... 180-184
Comments and criticisms of individual workers and organizations...........184-197
Gas workers and general laborers.............................................................. 185,186
Iron-ore miners.............................................................................................
186
Boiler makers and shipwrights.................................................................. 186,187
Amalgamated Society of Engineers.......................................................... 187-190
Steam Engine Makers’ Society.................................................................. 190-193
Coalminers.................................................................................................... 193,194
Cotton spinners............................................................................................. 194,195
Warpers, winders, and weavers.................................................................
196
Building trades..........•................................................................................. 196,197
Trades-union congress............................
197-202
Compulsory arbitration............................................................................... 199-201
Compulsory conciliation and inquiry into disputes.............................. 201,202
Conciliation, arbitration, and sanitation in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry
in New York City, by Charles H. Winslow:
Introduction......................................................................................................... 203-205
Strike of 1910........................................................................................................ 205-210
Agreement in settlement of strike....................................................................210,211
Text of the protocol agreement......................................................................... 211-213
Parties to the agreement.................................................................................... 213-215
Preferential union shop.........................................................................................215-217
Limitations imposed by protocol upon the manufacturer........................... 217,218
Limitations imposed by the protocol upon the unions..........................
218
Agencies of the protocol.....................................................................................
218
Board of Grievances.............................................................................................. 218-230
Plan and scope of work......... ..................................................................... 218-220
Rules and plan of procedure of the Board of Grievances..................... 220-224
Machinery of the Board of Grievances..................................................... 224,225
Method of procedure in adjusting disputes............................................. 225-230
Cases of grievances, December 12,1910, to December 11,1911.................. 230-235
Descriptive analysis of typical individual cases............................................ 235-244
Advantages growing out of the protocol agreement....................................... 244-251
Board of Arbitration............................................................................................ 251-253
Joint Board of Sanitary Control........................................................................ 253-270
Work of the board........................................................................................ 255-257
Plan of work adopted.................................................................................. 257,258
Cost of inspections.......................................................................................
258
Conditions shown by inspections.............................................................. 258,259
Light, ventilation, and sanitary conditions............................................ 259-261
Establishment of sanitary standards........................................................ 262,263
VI
BULLETIN OF T H E BUREAU OF LABOR.
Conciliation, arbitration, and sanitation in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry page,
in New York City—Concluded.
Joint Board of Sanitary Control—Concluded.
263
Enforcement of sanitary standards...........................................................
The sanitary strike.......................................................................................
264
Reports and records of inspection............................................................. 265,266
Sanitary certificates..................................................................................... 267,268
Educating the employers............................................................................ 268,269
Educating the employees........................................................................... 269,270
Appendix—Contract-shop agreement.............................................................. 270-272
Industrial courts in France, Germany, and Switzerland, by Helen L. Sumner,
Ph. D.:
Introduction and summary................................................................................ 273-290
Industrial courts of France................................................................................ 290-337
History........................................................................................................... 290-300
Methods of creation and of dissolution..................................................... 300-302
Elections........................................................................................................ 302-308
Qualifications of voters........................................................................ 302-305
Qualifications of candidates................................................................ 305,306
Procedure.....................
306-308
Organization, expenses, and discipline................................................... 309-315
Composition of the court..................................................................... 309-313
Expenses, fees, and costs.................................................................... 313,314
Discipline.................................................................................................314,315
Judicial functions...........................................................................................315-334
Jurisdiction.............................................................................................. 315-320
General rules of procedure.................................................................. 320,321
Board of conciliation............................................................................ 321-323
Board of judgment............................................................................... 323-330
330-334
Methods of appeal..........................................................................
Administrative functions............................................................................ 334-336
Collective disputes.......................................................................................
337
Industrial courts of Germany............................................................................. 337-388
History........................................................................................................... 337-347
Methods of creation...................................................................................... 348-350
Elections........................................................................................................ 350-355
Qualifications of voters........................................................................ 350,351
Qualifications of candidates................................................................ 351-353
Procedure............................................................................................... 353,354
Presidents and vice presidents..........................................................
355
Organization, expenses, and discipline................................................... 356-360
Composition of the court..................................................................... 356,357
Expenses, fees, and costs.................................................................... 358-360
Discipline of members.........................................................................
360
Judicial functions......................................................................................... 360-376
Jurisdiction........................................................
361-366
Rules of procedure............................................................................... 366-374
Methods of appeal...................................................................v........... 374-376
Administrative functions............................................................................ 377-379
Functions in collective disputes............................................................... 379-388
Industrial arbitration courts of Basel, Switzerland....................................... 388-396
History and method of creation................................................................ 388,389
Elections........................................................................................................ 389,390
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24.
VII
Industrial courts in France, Germany, and Switzerland—Concluded.
Page.
Industrial arbitration courts of Basel, Switzerland—Concluded.
Organization, expenses, and discipline................................................... 390,391
Composition of the court.....................................................................
390
Expenses, fees, and costs. ..................................................................
391
Discipline of members.........................................................................
391
Judicial functions......................................................................................... 391-396
Jurisdiction............................................................................................ 391,392
Rules of procedure............................................................................... 392-395
Method of appeal.................................................................................. 395,396
Other functions.............................................................................................
396
Industrial arbitration court of Zurich, Switzerland...................................... 396-403
History................-......................................................................................... 396,397
Elections........................................................................................................ 397,398
Organization, expenses, and discipline...................................................
399
Composition of the court.....................................................................
399
Expenses, fees, and costs....................................................................
399
Discipline of members.........................................................................
399
Judicial functions........................................................................................ 399-403
Jurisdiction............................................................................................ 399,400
Rules of procedure............................................................................... 400-403
Methods of appeal.................................................................................
403
Other functions.............................................................................................
403
Industrial courts of Geneva, Switzerland.................................
403-407
History, creation, and divisions................................................................ 403-405
Elections........................................................................................................ 405-407
Organization, expenses, and discipline................................................... 407-410
Composition of the court..................................................................... 407-409
Expenses, fees, and costs.................................................................... 409,410
Discipline of members.........................................................................
410
410-420
Judicial functions........................................................................
Jurisdiction............................................................................................ 410,411
General rules of procedure..................................................................
412
Boards of conciliation..........................................................................413,414
Tribunal of prudhommes......................................................................415-418
Methods of appeal...................................................................: ...........418-420
Administrative functions............................................................................ 420-422
Collective disputes....................................................................................... 422-427
Appendix I.—Statistics of industrial courts (20 tables)............................... 428-454
Appendix II.—Laws concerning councils of prudhommes in France....... 454-464
Decisions of courts affecting labor:
Decisions under statute law—
Assignments of wages—rates of interest—police power—constitu
tionality of statute (King et al. v. State).............................................. 465,466
Contracts of employment—advances—intent to defraud—involun
tary servitude—constitutionality of statute (Latson v. Wells)......... 466-468
Employers’ liability—“act of superintendent” (American Manu
facturing Co. v. Bigelow)......................................................................... 468,469
Employers’ liability—railroad companies—Federal statutes—inju
ries causing death—persons entitled to sue (Fitkian et al. v. St.
Louis dc San Francisco Railway Co.)..................................................... 469,470
VTTI
BULLETIN OF T H E BUREAU OF LABOR.
Decisions of courts affecting labor—Concluded.
Decisions under statute law—Concluded.
Page.
Employers’ liability—railroad companies—Federal statute—power
of Congress—effect of Federal on State laws—jurisdiction of State
courts—constitutionality of statute (Mondou v. New York, New
Haven dc Hartford R. R. Co.)..........................,..................................... 470-478
Employer’s liability—railroads—hours of labor—violation as negli
gence (St. Louis, Iron Mountain & Southern Railroad Co. v.
MeWhirter)................................................................................................. 478,479
Employment of labor—employment of aliens by corporations—equal
protection of the law—constitutionality of statute (Ex parte case) . 479,480
Injunctions — boycotts—conspiracy—jurisdiction—labor organiza
tions—liability of members (Loewe et al. v. California State Federa
tion of Labor etal.).................................................................................. 481,482
Mechanics’ liens—rank—mortgages for money advanced—constitu
tionality of statute (Page v. Carr etal.)................................................ 482,483
Mechanics’ liens—waiver by contractors—rights of subcontractors—
constitutionality of statute (Kelly et al. v. Johnson etal.)............... 484,485
Railroads—safety-appliance law—interstate commerce—cars used in
intrastate traffic—power of Congress (Southern Railway Co. v.
United States)............................................................................................ 485-487
Decisions under common law—
Contracts of employment—breach—grounds for discharge—rate of
wages (Haag v. Rogers)............................................................................ 487-489
Contract of employment—term—grounds for dischaige—satisfactory
service—measure of damages—action before expiration of term—
single recovery (Bridgeford & Co. v. Meagher)................................... 489-493
Employers’ liability—safe place—scope of employment—questions
for jury (Williamson v. Berlin Mills Co.)............................................. 493-495
Labor organizations—interference with interstate commerce—tres
pass—injunction (Illinois Central Railroad Co. v. International
Association of Machinists etal.).............................................................. 495,496
Labor organizations—restoration of membership—boycott—injunc
tion—restraining orders—dissolution (Allman et al. v. United Broth
erhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America et al.).............................. 497,498
Relief. departments—sick benefits—color blindness of railroad em
ployee as sickness—evidence (Kane v. Chicago, Burlington &
Quincy Railroad Co. et al.)...................................................................... 498-500
No. 99.—MARCH, 1912.
Wholesale prices, 1890 to 1911:
Introduction..........................................................................................................
501
Prices of commodities, 1911 compared with 1910.......................................... 502-509
Prices of commodities, 1911, and December, 1911, compared with pre
vious years back to 1890........................... -................................................... 509-519
Prices of commodities, by months, January, 1900, to December, 1911... 520-526
Influences affecting prices.................................................................................
527
Explanation of tables.......................................................................................... 528-556
Table I.—Wholesale prices of commodities from January to December,
1911.................................................................................................................... 557-604
Table II.—Average yearly actual and relative prices of commodities,
1890 to 1911, monthly actual and relative prices, January to December,
1911, and base prices (average for 1890-1899)............................................ 605-657
Table III.—Yearly relative prices of commodities, 1890 to 1911, and
monthly relative prices, January to December, 1911................................ 658-692
Wholesale prices in Canada, 1890 to 1911............................................................... 693-695
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24.
IX
Decisions of courts affecting labor:
Decisions under statute law—
Page.
Assignments of wages—constitutionality of statute (Mutual Loan Co.
v. Martell)........................................ , ....................................................... 696-698
Compensation of workmen for injuries—cooperative insurance sys
tem—police powers—equal protection of the law—constitution
ality of statute (State ex rel. Yaple v. Creamer)................................. 698-707
Eight-hour day—construction of levees—extraordinary emergency—
Federal statute ( United States v. Garbish)...........................................
708
Employers’ liability—employment of children—age limit—employ
ment in violation of statute (Woods v. Kalamazoo Paper Box Co.)..
709
Employers’ liability—fellow servants—act of superintendence—
railway section men—operation of trains {Richey v. Cleveland,
Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway Co.)................................... 709-711
Employers’ liability—mine regulations—negligence of foremen
712
(Davis v. Mabscot Coal & Coke Co.).....................................................
Employers’ liability—mine regulations—refuge holes—negligence
{Eelliel v. Piney Coal & Coke Co.)....................................................... 712-714
Hours of labor of employees on railroads—State and Federal regula
tion—conflict of laws—commerce {Northern Pacific Railway Co. v.
State of Washington)................................................................................ 714,715
Hours of labor of women—posting schedule—police power—con
struction of statute {Commonwealth v. Riley)...................................... 715-717
Licensing employments—equal protection of the law—constitution
ality of statute {Quong Wing v. Kirkendall)........................................ 717-719
Licensing of stationary engineers—occupation tax—constitution
ality {City of New Orleans v. Cosgrove)................................................
719
Mine regulations—sales of powder—commerce {Williams v. Walsh)..
720
Payment of wages—semimonthly pay day—coal operators {State v.
Potomac Valley Coal Co.)....................................................................... 720-722
Trade-marks of trade-unions—statutory protection—fraudulent use
{People v. Dantuma)................................................................................ 722, 723
Decisions under common law—
Contract of employment—hospital fund—deductions from wages—
obligations of employer {Jackson v. Pacific Coast Condensed Milk
Co.)............................................................................................................. 723,724
Contract of employment—renewal—presumptions—nature of service
{White v. United States Gypsum Co.).................................................... 724,725
Employers’ liability—contracts of waiver—fraud—employees of
Pullman Co. {Kean v. New York Central <Sc Hudson River Rail
road Co.)..................................................................................................... 725,726
Employers’ liability—fellow servants—acts of superintendence—
dual capacity {Bedard v. Nonotuck Silk Co.)....................................... 726,727
Labor organizations—interference with employment—rights of
unions—injunctions (Minasian v. Osborne etal.)................................ 727-729
Labor organizations—use of sidewalks—interference with private
rights—nuisance—injunction—past acts {Iverson v. Dilnoi)............. 730,731
No. 100.—MAY, 1912.
List of industrial poisons and other substances injurious to health found in
industrial processes................................................................................................ 733-759
Act providing for a tax on white phosphorus matches and for prohibiting their
import or export........................................................................................................ 760-762
Index to volume 24..................
763-772
@FedFRASER