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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR
BULLETIN
OF THE
BUREAU OF LABOR
VOLUM E X X —
1910
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1910
C O N T E S T S OF V O L U M E X X .
No. 86—JA N U A R Y , 1910.
Canadian Industrial Disputes Investigation Act of 1907, b y Victor S. Clark,
;Ph. D .:
Introduction............................................................................................................
Description of th e a c t...........................................................................................
Disputes considered..............................................................................................
Public opinion toward the a ct............................................................................
Suggested amendments.........................................................................................
Bills presented in New Y ork and in Wisconsin..............................................
Conclusion...............................................................................................................
Applications for boards of conciliation and investigation, January, 1908,
to August, 1909...................................................................................................
Phosphorus poisoning in the match industry in the United States, b y John B.
Andrews, Ph. D .:
Editorial n ote.........................................................................................................
Introduction........................................................................ - .................................
Summary of the results o f the investigation....................................................
Summary of European experience....................................................................
Processes of manufacture and phosphorus poisoning.....................................
Development of the match industry in the United States..........................
Employees of match factories in the United States......................................
Wages of em ployees.......................................................................................
Employees exposed to dangers of phosphorus poisoning..............................
Description of processes in match manufacture..............................................
Phosphorus used in match manufacture and its effect upon the health of
the workers..........................................................................................................
European experience with phosphorus poisoning—
Finland.............................................................................................................
Denmark..........................................................................................................
France..............................................................................................................
Switzerland......................................................................................................
Netherlands.....................................................................................................
Luxemburg......................................................................................................
Italy..................................................................................................................
Germany..........................................................................................................
Great Britain...................................................................................................
Belgium............................................................................................................
Austria-Hungary............................................................................................
Norway.............................................................................................................
Sweden.............................................................................................................
Spain.................................................................................................................
Kussia...............................................................................................................
Japan................................................................................................................
in
Page1
1-3
3-9
9-16
17-21
21
21,22
24-29
31
32
32-36
36-39
39-42
42-45
45-50
48,49
50
50-57
57-66
67
67, 68
68, 69
69, 70
70
70
71
71, 72
72-76
76, 77
77-81
81,82
82-84
84
84,85
85
IV
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR.
Phosphorus poisoning in the match industry in the United States—Concluded.
Factory conditions and phosphorus poisoning in American factories—
Maine................................................................................................................
Wisconsin.........................................................................................................
Minnesota.........................................................................................................
Indiana.............................................................................................................
O hio..................................................................................................................
Pennsylvania..................................................................................................
New Jersey......................................................................................................
New Y ork.........................................................................................................
Michigan...........................................................................................................
Illinois..............................................................................................................
Appendix A. Regulation of the match industry in Switzerland...............
Appendix B. British White Phosphorus Matches Prohibition Act, 1908...
Appendix C. International convention respecting the prohibition of the
useof white phosphorus in themanufacture of matches.
List of industrial poisons, prepared for the International Association for Labor
Legislation, b y Dr. Th. Sommerfeld in collaboration with Sir Thomas Oliver,
M. D., and Dr. Felix Putzeys:
Introduction............................................................................................................
Nature of industrial poisons................................................................................
Methods of entry of industrial poisons into the system..................................
Extent of the danger of industrial poisons.......................................................
Methods of combating industrial poisons.........................................................
List of industrial poisons......................................................................................
International Association for Labor Legislation and its publications................
British Trade Boards Act, 1909..................................................................................
Earnings and hours of labor in British clothing industries:
General summary...................................................................................................
Dressmaking, millinery, and mantle-making industries...............................
Shirt, blouse, underclothing, etc., industry....................................................
Tailoring industries...............................................................................................
Boot and shoe industry.........................................................................................
Silk and felt hat industry....................................................................................
Miscellaneous clothing industries.......................................................................
Dyeing and cleaning.............................................................................................
Laundries.................................................................................................................
Digest of recent reports of state bureaus of labor statistics:
Louisiana—Fourth Biennial R ep ort.................................................................
Massachusetts—
Thirty-ninth Annual Report on the Statistics of Labor for the year
1908: Strikes and lockouts for the year 1908— Labor organizations—
Changes in rates o f wages and hours of labor.......................................
Twenty-third Annual Report on Statistics of Manufactures for the
year 1908 ......................................................................................................
Minnesota—Eleventh Biennial Report: Child labor— Free employment
offices— Labor organizations—Railroad switch yards—Mining..................
New York—
Seventh Annual Report of the Department of Labor............................
Twenty-fifth Annual Report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics: State
of employment—Wages and earnings—Cost of living—Hours of
labor—Trade unions— Union fees and dues...........................................
North Carolina—Twenty-second Annual Report, 1908: Condition of
farmers— Condition of the trades—Miscellaneous factories—Cotton,
woolen, and knitting mills—Furniture factories—Railroad em ployees..
Page.
86-98
98-106
106-110
110-117
118-124
124-133
135
133-137
137-139
139,140
141-144
145
146
147-150
150
151
152,153
153,154
155-168
169-184
185-191
192-195
196-198
198,199
199-202
202,203
203,204
204
204,205
205,206
207
207-210
210,211
211-213
213
213-218
218-220
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 20,
Digest of recent reports of state bureaus of labor statistics— Concluded.
Virginia— Eleventh Annual Report, 1908: Industrial statistics.. . : ..........
Washington— Sixth Biennial Report, 1907-1908: Accidents to labor—
Strikes and lockouts— Cost of living— Organized labor—Free em ploy
ment offices—Statistics of manufactures.....................................................
West Virginia—Tenth Biennial Report, 1907-1908: Statistics of manufac
tures— New industries established— Free employment bureau...............
Digest of recent foreign statistical publications:
Reports on strikes and lockouts:
Austria, 1907...................................................................................................
France, 1907....................................................................................................
Germany, 1907................................................................................................
Great Britain, 1907........................................................................................
Italy, 1905........................................................................................................
Netherlands, 1906..........................................................................................
Norway, 1903-1906.........................................................................................
Russia, 1905.....................................................................................................
Spain, 1906......................................................................................................
Sweden, 1903-1907.........................................................................................
Opinions of the Attorney-General on questions affecting labor:
Compensation for injuries to employees—accidents— construction of
statute...................................................................................................................
Eight-hour law— laborers cutting timber on Indian reservation...............
Immigration—inducements b y States and Territories—alien laborers—
construction of statutes.....................................................................................
Leaves of absence for employees of the United States—who entitled—
arsenals—per diem employees— pieceworkers..............................................
Decisions of courts affecting labor:
Decisions under statute law.................................................................................
Employers’ liability—railroad companies— acceptance of relief
benefits—construction of statute (Potter v. Baltimore and Ohio Rail
road Company)............................................................................................
Employers’ liability—railroad companies— federal statute— injuries
causing death— damages {Duke v. St. Louis and San Francisco
Railroad Company).....................................................................................
Em ployers’ liability—railroad companies— federal statute— injuries
causing death— survival of right of action {Fulgham v. Midland
Valley Railroad Company)........................................................................
Em ployers’ liability—railroad companies—federal statute of 1 9 0 6 validity in Territories and District of Columbia {El Paso and North
eastern Railroad Company v. Gutierrez)..................................................
Em ployers’ liability—railroad companies—fellow-servants—instan
taneous death— survival of right of action—construction of statute
{Dillon v. Great Northern Railway Company).......................................
Em ployers’ liability—railroad companies—powers of Federal Gov
ernment—constitutionality of statute— {Hoxie v. New York, New
Haven and Hartford Railroad Company)................................................
Em ployers’ liability—railroad companies—powers of Federal G ov
ernment— constitutionality of statute {Watson v. St. Louis, Iron
Mountain and Southern Railway Company)..........................................
Hours of labor on public works—municipal corporations— constitu
tionality of statute (Byars v. State)........................................................
Injunction — strikes — boycotts — secondary boycotts — picketing
{Pierce v. Stablemen’s Tinian, Local No. 8760, et al.).........................
47150—Bull. 88—10----- 16
V
page.
221,222
223,224
224-226
227-232
233-239
239-244
245-252
252-264
264-269
269,270
270-284
284-288
288-294
295-300
300
300-305
306-309
310-349
810-313
313-315
315,316
316-319
319-322
322-328
328-331
332-334
334-340
VI
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR.
Decisions of courts affecting labor—Concluded.
Decisions under statute law— Concluded.
Payment of wages—semimonthly pay day for railroad companies—
constitutionality of statute (New York Central and Hudson River
Railroad v. Williams).................................................................................
Railroads—safety appliances—equipment and repairs { United States
v. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company).............................................
Railroads—safety appliances— equipment and repairs { United States
v. Illinois Central Railroad Company)...................................................
Decisions under common la w .............................................................................
Assignment of wages—future earnings—future employment—revo
cation of power of attorney— interest— equity (Cox v. Hughes)..........
Employers’ liability— evidence of negligence— excessive hours of
labor ( McCrary v. Southern Railway Company)...................................
Injunction— contempt—nature of proceedings— appeals (Gompers
v. Buck Stove and Range Company)........................................................
Intimidation— interference with employment—injunction—rights
of bondholders to sue (Carter et al. v. Fortney)...................................
Labor organizations— municipal corporations— discrimination in let
ting public contracts ( Miller et al. v. City of Des Moines)..............
Fbge.
340-347
347
347-349
349-375
349-353
353-355
355-370
370-372
372-375
No. 87.— M ARCH, 1910.
Wholesale prices, 1890 to March, 1910:
Introduction............................................................................................................
Prices of commodities, 1909 compared with 1908..........................................
Prices of commodities, 1909, and March, 1910, compared with previous
years back to 1890.............................................................................................
Prices of commodities, b y months, January, 1900, to March, 1910............
Influences affecting prices...................................................................................
Explanation of tables............................................................................................
Table I.— Wholesale prices of commodities from January, 1909, to March,
1910........................................................................................................................
Table I I .— Average yearly actual and relative prices of commodities,
1890 to 1909; monthly actual and relative prices, January, 1909, to
March, 1910, and base prices (average for 1890-1899)................................
Table I I I .—Yearly relative prices of commodities, 1890 to 1909, and
monthly relative prices, January, 1909, to March, 1910...........................
Wages and hours of labor of union carpenters in the United States and in
English-speaking foreign countries, b y Ethelbert Stewart..............................
Prices of wheat, bread, etc., in Milan, Italy, 1801 to 1908....................................
Cost of living of the working classes in the principal industrial towns of Bel
gium:
Scope of the investigation....................................................................................
Rents of working-class dwellings........................................................................
Belgium ............................................................................................................
Belgium and Great Britain compared.......................................................
Retail prices............................................................................................................
Belgium ............................................................................................................
Rents and prices com bined.................................................................
Belgium and Great Britain compared.......................................................
Rates of wages.........................................................................................................
Belgium............................................................................................................
Relation of rates of wages to rents and prices..................................
Belgium and Great Britain compared.......................................................
Hours of labor.........................................................................................................
Summary of conclusions.......................................................................................
377
377-384
384-394
394-399
400
401-430
431-484
495-547
548-582
583-598
599-607
608,609
609-612
609,610
611,612
612-620
612-617
617
617-620
620-624
620-623
622,623
623,624
624,625
625
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 20.
VII
Earnings and hours of labor in British building and woodworking trades:
Page.
General summary................................................................................................... 626, 627
Building trades....................................................................................................... 628-631
Construction of harbors, docks, e t c ....................................................................
631
Saw milling, machine joinery, etc.....................................................................
632
Cabinetmaking industry.......................................................................................
633
Digest of recent reports of state bureaus of labor statistics:
Ohio—Thirty-second Annual Report, 1908: Manufactures— Coal mining—
Free public employment offices..................................................................... 634-636
Oklahoma—
First Annual Report, 1908: Labor organizations— Wage-earners—
636
Manufacturing— Free public employment offices..............................
Second Annual Report, 1909: Labor organizations— Wage-earners—
Manufacturing— Free public employment offices.............................. 636-637
Decisions of courts affecting labor:
Decisions under statute la w ................................................................................ 638,659
Contracts of employment—discharge—payment of wages— tender—
penalty—new employment (St. Louis, Iron Mountain and South
ern Railroad Company v. Bryant).......................................................... 638-640
Employers’ liability—carriers—employees of express companies—
contracts waiving right of action for injuries—law governing
( Weir v. Rountree)...................-.................................................................. 640-642
Employers’ liability—employment of children in violation of stat
ute—injury—proximate cause—waiver of law by inspector (Stehle
v. Jaeger Automatic Machine Company)................................................ 642-645
Employers’ liability—inspection of factories and workshops—notice
of injury—evidence (Berger v. Metropolitan Press Printing Com
pany) ............................................................................................................ 645, 646
Employers’ liability—mine regulations—negligence of certified
foremen—fellow-service (Golden v. Mount Jessup Coal Company).. 646,647
Employers’ liability—railroad companies— fellow-servant law—
state statutes as affecting interstate traffic— doctrine of compara
tive negligence—constitutionality (Missouri Pacific Railway Com
pany v. Castle)............................................................................................ 647-649
Employers’ liability—railroad companies—fellow-servants—con
struction of statute (Meyers v. San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt
Lake Railroad Company)........................................................................... 649, 650
Em ployment of children—violation of statute—appeal—repeated
offenses—stay of proceedings—prohibition (State v. Rose).............. 650,651
Examination and licensing of electricians— constitutionality of
statute—equal protection of laws (State v. Gantz)............................ 651-653
Examination and licensing of plumbers— constitutionality of stat
ute— construction (Bronold v. Engler)................................................... 653,654
Labor organizations—union label—unlawful use—injunction ( United
Garment Workers of America v. Davis)................................................... 654, 655
Payment of wages— time checks—redemption (Kentucky Coal Mining
Company v. Mattingly)............................................................................. 655, 656
Protection of employees on street railways— vestibules for motormen—corporations—penalty—constitutionality of statute (Beau
mont Traction Company v. State)............................................................ 656,657
Strikes—damages to property—liability of municipalities—con
struction of statute (Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis
Railway Company v. City of Chicago).................................................... 658,659
VIII
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR.
Decisions of courts affecting labor— Concluded.
Page.
Decisions under common law ............................................................................. 659-695
Accident insurance—contracts— construction—forfeitures— classes of
occupations (Roseberry v. American Benevolent Association)............ 659-662
Blacklisting—unlawful discrimination—injury to property—relief
(Davis v. New England Railway Company).......................................... 662-664
Contract of employment—action for wages— quantum meruit—evi„ dence— other employment (.Rosenow v. Wiener)................................. 664,665
Contract of employment— breach—recovery for subsequent serv
ices (King v. Western Union Telegraph Company).............................. 665,666
Contracts of employment—termination—competence of employee
(Franklin v. T. H. Lilly Lumber Company)......................................... 666,667
Contracts of employment—termination—reduction of wages—no
tice— evidence (Pennington v. Thompson Brothers Lumber Com
pany)............................................................................................................. 667-669
Employer and employee—negligence of employees—incom petency—
injuries to third persons—liability of employers (Minot v. Snavely). 669,670
Employer and employee—negligence of employees—injuries to third
persons—liability of employers (Western Real Estate Trustees v.
Hughes)......................................................................................................... 670,671
Em ployers’ liability—civil law—fellow-servants— damages ( Taylor v.
E. C. Palmer do C o .)............................................................................... 671,672
Employers’ liability— employment of children—fact of age as evi
dence of capacity—presumptions as to defenses of assumed risks
and contributory negligence—status at common law (Ewing v.
Lanark Fuel Company).............................................................................. 672-674
Em ployers’ liability—injuries b y fellow-servants— “ initiation” of
new employees (Medlin Milling Company v. Bouhvell).................... 674, 675
Em ployers’
liability—railroad company—rules—enforcement—
measure of damages—prospective earnings (Schaufele v. Central of
Georgia Railway Company)....................................................................... 675-678
Em ployers’ liability—release—fraud— evidence— mental capacity of
injured employee—return of benefits (Joseph Treadway v. UnionBuffalo Mills Company)............................................................................ 679,680
Interference with employment—motive—reasonable conduct (Huskie
v. Griffin)...................................................................................................... 680-686
Labor organizations—injunction— dissolution—interference with con
tracts of employment (Hitchman Coal Company v. Mitchell).......... 686-691
Labor organizations — strikes — injunctions — unlawful acts of
strikers—rights of employers and employees—interference with
employment (Connett v. United Hatters of North America)............... 691-694
Payment of wages—time checks—redemption (Attoyac River Lumber
Company v. Payne).................................................................................... 694,695
No. 88.— M AY, 1910.
Cost of living of families of moderate income in Germany in 1907-8:
Scope of investigation...........................................................................................
General summary of results.................................................................................
Income and expenditures of families, b y size of family and amount of
expenditure.........................................................................................................
Income, according to size of fam ily...........................................................
Expenditures, according to size of fam ily................................................
Expenditures of families, classified b y amount of expenditure..........
Incom e and expenditures of families, according to size of locality.............
Incom e and expenditures, according to occupation of head offam ily------
697-699
699-705
705-722
705-709
709-715
715-722
722-729
730-749
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 20.
Cost of living of families of moderate income in Germany in 1907-8— Con.
Expenditures in families of wage-earners and families of salaried persons.
Units of expenditure in normal families..........................................................
Quantities of food consum ed...............................................................................
Consumption of alcohol........................................................................................
Partial bibliography of studies on the cost of livin g......................................
Trend of wages in Germany, 1898 to 1907:
Introduction........................................................................ ..................................
Mining......................................................................................................................
Building trades......................................................................................................
Metal-working industries......................................................................................
Printing trades.......................................................................................................
Transportation industries.....................................................................................
Wages and hours of labor in German woodworking industries in 1906...............
Wages and hours of labor in Austria, 1906 and 1907:
Summary.................................................................................................................
Stone, earth, and clay industries.......................................................................
Metal working and machine building industries............................................
Woodworking industries.......................................................................................
Industry of leather, hides, e tc............................................................................
Textile industry.....................................................................................................
Clothing industry...................................................................................................
Paper industry........................................................................................................
.Food products industry........................................................................................
Building trades.......................................................................................................
Transportation industries...................................................................................
Digest of recent reports of state bureaus of labor statistics:
Pennsylvania—Annual Report of the Secretary of Internal Affairs, Part
III, Industrial Statistics, 1908: Industrial accidents— General statis
tics of manufactures and mining— Iron, steel, and tin-plate produc
tion— Coal m ining..............................................................................................
Virginia— Twelfth Annual Report:Industrial Statistics................................
Wisconsin—Thirteenth Biennial Report: Industrial accidents and em
ployer’s liability— Manufacturing returns for 1906 and 1907— Free
employm ent offices— Labor conditions in the public utilities—Women
workers in the Milwaukee tanneries...............................................................
Digest of recent foreign statistical publications:
Belgium: Report on the municipal funds of Ghent for the relief of unem
ploym ent..............................................................................................................
Germany: Reports on condition of public service employees in the
principal German cities....................................................................................
Decisions of courts affecting labor:
Decisions under statute law................................................................................
Accident insurance— employers’ indemnity—employment in viola
tion of the law as to age— employment of children endangering life
or lim b— construction of statute ( Unnewehr v. Standard Life and
Accident Insurance Co.).............................................................................
Employer and employee—blacklisting—statement of cause of dis
charge— constitutionality of statute (St, Louis Southwestern Ry.
Co. v. Hixon)...............................................................................................
Employers’ liability—actions—removal from state to federal courts—
joinder of employer and employee ( Jacobson v. Chicago, Rock
Island and Pacific Ry. Co.).......................................................................
Employers’ liability— employment of children—prohibited employ
ment as bar to recovery—proximate cause—purposes of statute
( Moran v, Dickinson).................................................................................
IX
Page.
750-763
764-775
776-784
784-789
789-794
795, 796
796-802
803-808
809
809,810
810-812
813-823
824-826
826-828
828-830
830,831
831,832
833,834
835,836
836-838
838-840
840,841
841,842
843-845
846,847
847-852
853-858
858-867
868-892
868-871
871-873
873,874
874,875
X
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR.
Decisions of courts affecting labor—Concluded.
Decisions under statute law— Concluded.
Employers’ liability—factory inspection law—violations—assump
tion of risk—waiver of provisions of statutes ( Valjago v. Carnegie
Steel Co.)......................................................................................................
Employers’ liability— negligence— comparative negligence— con
struction of statute (Zeratsky v. Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul
By. Co.)....................................
Employers’ liability—negligence of fellow-servant—joint liability
(Coalgate Co. v. Bross)...............................................................................
Employers’ liability—railroads—federal and state statutes (Dew
berry v. Southern By. Co.).........................................................................
Employers’ liability—railroads— statute requiring headlights— vio
lation (St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern By. Co. v. White) . . .
Employers’ liability—railway relief societies—receipt of benefits as
bar to action for damages— contracts made in another State (Hamil
ton v. Chicago, Burlington and Quincy By. Co.)..................................
Employment of children— compensation—place of making contract
(Commonwealth v. Griffith)........................................................................
Hours of labor— eight-hour day—violations—information (United
States v. Breakwater Co.)...........................................................................
Hours of labor—employment in mines— constitutionality of statute
(Ex parte Martin)........................................................................................
Inspection of bakeries—hours of labor— constitutionality of statute
(State v. Miksicek).......................................................................................
Laundry regulations—location—restriction of employment— police
power (Ex parte San Chung)....................................................................
Payment of wages—semimonthly pay day— contracts waiving pro
visions of statutes—regulation of corporations—constitutionality
of statute (Arkansas Stave Co. v. State)................................................
Decisions under common law..............................................................................
Accident insurance—employers’ indemnity—scope of policy— ordi
nary repairs (Home Mixture Guano Co. v. Ocean Accident 6c Guar
antee Corp., Ltd.)........................................................................................
Contracts for service—substantial performance—satisfaction of
employer (Handy v. Bliss)........................................................................
Employer and employee—termination of relation—assumed risks
(Willrmrth v. Cardoza)...............................................................................
Employers’ liability—incompetence of fellow-servant—evidence of
employer’s knowledge (Northern Pacific By. Co. v. Lundberg)___
Employers’ liability—last clear chance (Herr v. St. Louis and San
Francisco By. Co.)......................................................................................
Employers’ liability— misrepresentation of age (Lupher v. Atchison,
Topeka and Santa Fe By. Co.).................................................................
Employment of children—injury—right of father to recover damages
(Braswell v. Garfield Cotton Oil Mill C o.).............................................
Labor organizations— unincorporated associations— nature— embez
zlement by officer (Rhode v. United States)..........................................
Negligence of fellow-servant—liability of one workman for injuries
to another (Brower v. Northern Pacific By. Co.)..................................
Railroad companies—postal clerks—status—liability for injuries
(Barker v. Chicago, Peoria and St. Louis By. Co.)..............................
Index to volume 2 0 .........................................................................................................
Page.
875-877
877-880
880,881
882
882,883
883,884
884,885
885,886
886,887
887,888
888,889
890-892
892-906
892-894
895,896
896,897
897-899
899
900,901
901,902
902-904
904,905
905,906
907-920
@FedFRASER