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DEPARTMENT OP COMMERCE AND LABOR
BULLETIN
OF THE
BUREAU OF LABOR
V O L U M E
X V I I I —1 9 0 9
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1 9 09V
C O N T E X T S OF V O L U M E X Y I I I .
N o. 80.—JANIJARY, 1909.
Page.
voman and child wage-earners in Great Britain, b y Victor S. Clark, Ph. D .:
Introduction................................................................................................................
1,2
The factory laws........................................................................................................
2-7
Administration of the factory laws........................................................................ 8-11
Proposed amendments.............................................................................................. 11,12
The half-time system............................................................................................... 12-23
Employment of children outside of factories and workshops.......................... 23-27
Street trading b y children....................................................................................... 27-36
Outwork, sweating, and the minimum wage....................................................... 36-47
Social and economic effect of legislation regulating the employment of
women and children.............................................................................................
47
Effect of provisions shortening hours of work..................................................... 48-53
Influence of the factory acts upon the wages of women and children.......... 53-65
Influence of the factory acts upon distribution of employment among men,
women, and children............................................................................................ 65-71
Influence of the factory acts upon the general welfare of workers................ 71-81
Influence of the factory acts upon industry........................................................ 81-83
Conclusion......................................................................................................................83-85
Minimum Wage Act, 1908, New South W ales............................................................ 86,87
Digest of recent reports of state bureaus of labor statistics:
Illinois— Fourteenth Biennial Report: Working women in factories............
88
Maryland— Sixteenth Annual Report: The child-labor law and its enforce
ment— Inspection of clothing and other manufactures— Free employ
ment agency— Cost of living—Labor unions— Strikes and lockouts.......... 89-91
New Hampshire— Seventh Biennial Report: Leading industries— Statis
tics of manufactures.............................................................................................. 91,92
North Carolina—Twenty-first Annual Report: Condition of farmers— Con
dition of the trades— Miscellaneous factories— Cotton, woolen, and knit
ting mills— Furniture factories— Railroad employees.................................... 92-95
Digest of recent foreign statistical publications:
Canada— Report of the Department of Labor: Labor unions— Conciliation
and arbitration—Fair wages schedules— Labor disputes—Industrial
accidents.................................................................................................................. 96,97
Germany—
Report of Bavarian Statistical Bureau on cooperative societies in
Bavaria...........................................
98-100
Report on conditions of employment and the wages of employees in
Great Britain—
Report of the Chief Inspector of Factories and Workshops for the year
Reports on home work b y select committees appointed in 1907 and
m
IV
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XVIII,
Digest of recent foreign statistical publications— Concluded.
Great Britain— Concluded.
Page.
Report on wages boards and on the Industrial Conciliation and Arbi
tration Acts of Australia and New Zealand.......................................... 110, 111
Italy—
Report of the Bureau of Labor on employment of women in industry. 111-114
Report of the Bureau of Labor on the manufacture of sulphur matches. 114-116
Spain— Report of the Institute of Social Reforms on the housing problem . 116-123
Decisions of courts affecting labor:
Decisions under statute law................................... ............................................. 124-163
Boycott—injunction— contempt—evidence ( The Buck Stove and Range
Co. v. The American Federation o f Labor)............................................. 124-138
Combinations to fix prices— restraint of trade—pools and trusts— con
struction and application of statute (R o h lfv . Kasemeier et al.)........138-142
Em ployment of children—age limit—cleaning moving machinery (Sul
livan v. Hanover Cordage C o.).................................................................. 142,143
Em ployment of children— certificate of age— violation of statute— per
sons liable (People v. Taylor)................................................................... 143,144
Hours of labor of employees on railroads—regulation of commerce—
state and federal statutes— constitutionality (State v. Missouri Pacific
Ry. Co.)........................................................................................................ 144-146
Hours of labor of employees on railroads—regulation of commerce—
state and federal statutes— validity (State v. Chicago, Milwaukee and
St. Paul Ry. Co.)....................................................................................... 146-150
Hours of labor on public works— eight-hour law— constitutionality of
statute (People ex rel. Williams Engineering and Contracting Co. v.
Metz).............................................................................................................. 150-155
Interference with employment—damages for procuring discharge—
measure — grounds — rights of labor organizations (Carter v.
Oster et a l.)................................................................................................ 155-161
Labor organizations—boycotts—use of mails to defraud (United States v.
Raish et a l.).................................................................................................. 161-163
Decisions under common law............................................................................ 163-186
Contract of employment— enforcement—restraint of trade— disclosure
of secret processes ( Taylor Iron and Steel Co. v. Nichols e ta l.)......... 163-167
Employers’ liability— course of employment—eating lunch on prem
ises (Riley v. Cudahy Packing C o.)......................................................... 167,168
Employers’ liability— course of employment—leaving place of work
for personal ends ( Wilson v. Chesapeake and Ohio Ry. Co.)............... 168,169
Employers’ liability— railroad companies—negligence— contributory
negligence— proximate cause (Dortch v. Atlantic Coast Line
R. R. C o.).................... .............................................................................. 169-171
Employers’ liability— res ipsa loquitur—application of doctrine (La
Bee v. Sultan Logging C o .)-....................................... .*........................... 171-173
Em ployment of labor—term— evidence—breach b y employer—dam
ages (Maynard v. Royal Worcester Corset Co.)....................................... 173-176
Labor organizations—procuring expulsion of members— conspiracy—
liability of one party only— damages (St. Louis Southwestern Ry.
Co. v. Thompson)....................................................................................... 176-180
Labor organizations—strikes— legality—fines on members—intimida
tion of employees:—employers’ rights—injunction (L. D . Willcutt and
Sons Co. v. Bricklayers' Benevolent and Protective Union No. S et al.) 180-186
Laws of various States relating to labor, enacted since January 1, 1908.............. 187-194
CONTENTS OE VOLUME XVIII.
N o. 81.—MARCH, 1909.
Wholesale prices, 1890 to 1908:
Page.
Introduction............................................................................................................ 195,196
Prices of commodities, 1908 compared with 1907........................................... 196-204
Prices of commodities, 1908 compared with previous years back to 1890. 204-210
Prices of commodities, b y months, January, 1904, to December, 1908... 211-216
Influences affecting prices................................................................................... 216,217
Explanation of tables........................
217-248
Table I.—Wholesale prices of commodities in 1908....................................... 249-299
Table I I .—Monthly actual and relative prices of commodities in 1908 and
base prices (average for 1890-1899)................................................................ 300-324
Table I I I .— Monthly relative prices of commodities in 1908...................... 325-337
Table IV .— Average yearly actual and relative prices of commodities, 1890
to 1908, and base prices (average for 1890-1899).'...................................... 338-364
Table V .—Yearly relative prices of commodities, 1890 to 1908.................. 365-382
Digest of recent reports of state bureaus of labor statistics:
Kansas—
Twenty-second Annual Report, 1906: Wage-earners— Labor organiza
tions— Strikes and labor difficulties—Manufactures.......................... 383,384
Twenty-third Annual Report, 1907: Wage-earners—Labor organiza
tions— Strikes and labor difficulties—Manufactures.......................... 384,385
Twenty-fourth Annual Report, 1908: Wage-earners— Labor organiza
tions—Strikes and labor difficulties—Manufactures.......................... 385,386
Massachusetts—
Thirty-eight Annual Report on the Statistics of Labor, 1907: Strikes
and lockouts for the year ending September 30, 1906— Strikes and
lockouts for the year ending September 30,1907— Statistics of manu
factures, 1905 and 1906— Free employment offices— Rates of wages
and hours of labor...................................................................................... 386-393
Twenty-second Annual Report on the Statistics of Manufactures, 1907 393-395
Nebraska—Tenth Biennial Report, 1905 and 1906............................................
395
North Dakota— Eighth and Ninth Biennial Reports, 1906: Farm labor—
Coal mines........................................................................................................... 395,396
Pennsylvania—Annual Report of the Secretary of Internal Affairs, Part
III, Industrial Statistics, 1907: Industrial accidents—General statistics
of manufactures and mining— Iron, steel, and tin-plate production—
Coal mining—Textile industries..................................................................... 396^00
Digest of recent foreign statistical publications:
Belgium: Monographs on the ceramic industries, the manufacture of glass,
the india-rubber and asbestos industries, and the construction of machin
ery and electrical apparatus............................................................................ 401-403
France: Report on the material and social conditions surrounding home
work in the making of undergarments and household linen in the city of
Paris...................................................................................................................... 403,404
Decisions of courts affecting labor:
Decisions under statute law................................................................................. 405-424
Assignment of wages— future earnings— constitutionality of statute
(Mutual Loan Co. v. Martell).................................................................. 405,406
Conspiracy— common law—effect of statutes—elements of offense—
interference with employment—fines of employers—extortion—re
covery (State v. D alton)............................................................................ 406-410
2313— no. 82—09----- 16
VI
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XVIII.
Decisions of courts affecting labor— Concluded.
Decisions under statute law— Concluded.
Page.
Employers’ liability—railroad companies—acceptance of relief bene
fits—waiver—effect of statute (Goldenstein v. Baltimore and Ohio
R. R. Co.).......................................................................................................410-415
Employers’ liability— “ railroad hazards” — construction of statute
(American Car and Foundry Co. v. Inzer)..................................................
415
Em ploym ent of children—newspapers as merchandise— constitution
ality of statute (District o f Columbia v. Reider)................................... 416,417
Em ployment of labor— breach of contract b y employee—recovery of
wages earned (Latham v. Barwick)..............................................................
418
Mine regulations—sale of powder—commerce (E x parte W illiam s)... 418,419
Payment of wages—weighing coal before screening—freedom of con
tract— equal protection of laws—constitutionality of statute (McLean
v. State)........................................................................................................... 419-424
Decisions under common law .............................................................................. 424-449
Contracts for exclusive redemption of wage checks—restraint of trade—
m onopoly— enforcement of contract (Stewart et al. v. Steams & Culver
Lumber Co.)
424-427
Employers’ liability—excessive damages—incom petence of employees
(Smith v. Chicago, Peoria and St. Louis Ry. C o.)................................ 427-429
Employers’ liability—release—reliance on advice of company sur
geon— fraud—evidence (St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Ry.
Co. v. Hambright)....................................................................................... 429-432
Employers’ liability—safe place to work—sufficient discharge of em
ployer’s duty—acts of service (Brown v. People's Gaslight C o.)___ 432-434
Labor organizations—legality—monopolies—boycotts—conspiracy—
injunction (Lohse Patent Door Co. v. Fuelle et a l.)............................ •434-438
Labor organizations—membership—employers of labor—boycott—sec
ondary boycott—conspiracy—injunction—completed acts—inter
ference with employment (J . F . Parkinson Co. v. Building Trades
Council o f Santa Clara County e ta l.).................................................... 438-449
Laws of various States relating to labor, enacted since January 1, 1908.......... 450-469
N o. 82.—M AY, 1909.
Mortality from consumption in occupations exposing to municipal and general
organic dust, by Frederick L. Hoffman:
Introduction............................................................................................................ 471-475
Occupations with exposure to municipal dust................................................ 475-497
Street cleaning and refuse disposal............................................................ 475-481
Drivers and teamsters.................................................................................... 481-487
Coachmen, cabmen, and men employed in omnibus service.............. 488-490
Subway em ployees......................................................................................... 490-495
Summary of conclusions regarding occupations with exposure to
municipal dust............................................................................................ 495-497
Occupations with exposure to general organic dust....................................... 498-627
Grain handling and storage.......................................................................... 498-503
Flour m illing................................................................................................... 503-518
Bakers and confectioners.............................................................................. 518-537
Starch manufacture....................................................................................... 537-541
The tobacco industry.................................................................................... 541-545
The manufacture of cigars and cigarettes................................................. 545-571
The manufacture of snuff............................................................................. 571-574
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XVIII.
V II
Mortality from consumption, etc.—Concluded.
Occupations with exposure to general organic dust— Concluded.
Page.
Leather workers.............................................................................................. 574-580
Tanners, curriers, and bearners................................................................... 580-584
Saddle and harness makers..........................
584-587
Glove making.................................................................................................. 588-592
Boot and shoe makers.................................................................................... 592-603
Cork cutting and grinding............................................................................ 603-606
Manufacture of pearl and bone buttons.................................................... 606-615
Comb manufacture........................................................................................... 615-623
Summary of conclusions regarding occupations with exposure to or
ganic dust..................................................................................................... 623-627
Appendix (23 tables)............................................................................................. 628-638
Digest of recent reports of state bureaus of labor statistics:
Maine— Twenty-second Annual Report, 1908: Factories, mills, and shops
built—Child labor.............................................................................................. 639,640
Maryland— Seventeenth Annual Report, 1908: Child labor— Free employ
ment agency— Cost of living—Strikes and lockouts— In labor circles—
Unemployment—Immigration........................................................................ 640-642
Michigan— Twenty-sixth Annual Report, 1909: Paper manufacture— Free
employment bureaus—Beet sugar manufacture—The coal industry___ 642,643
New Jersey—Thirty-first Annual Report, 1908: Statistics of manufactures—
•Industrial depression— Steam railroads— Cost of living— Fruit and vege
table canning—Industrial chronology........................................................... 643-646
North Dakota—Tenth Biennial Report, 1908: Farm labor— Coal m ines.. 646,647
Oregon—Third Biennial Report, 1907-8: Labor organizations— Strikes
and lockouts— Industries—Accidents................................................................
647
Rhode Island—Twenty-first Annual Report, 1908: Strikes and lockouts—
Manufactures....................................................................................................... 647,648
Digest of recent foreign statistical publications:
Canada: Wage-earners, b y occupations............................................................. 649-651
Italy:
Report of the Bureau of Labor on night work in bakeries.................... 651-656
Supplementary report of the Bureau of Labor on abolition of night
work in bakeries........................................................................................ 656,657
New South Wales: First Annual Report of the Director of Labor, 1906___ 657-659
Roumania: Economic progress of the Kingdom during the reign of Charles I,
1866 to 1906........................ , ............................................................................. 659-661
Decisions of courts affecting labor:
Decisions under statute law................................................................................ 662-671
Employers’ liability—employment of children— violation of statute—
contributory negligence— course of employment (Smith’s Adminis
trator v. National Coal and Iron C o.)................................................... 662-664
Employers’ liability— “ railroad hazards’ — construction of statutes
(American Car and Foundry Co. v. Inzer)............................................. 664, 665
Examination and licensing of barbers— constitutionality of s ta tu te delegation of powers— equal protection of laws (State v. A rm en o).. 665-668
Examination and licensing of barbers— constitutionality of statute—
mechanical pursuits (Jackson v. State)............................................... 668-670
Railroads— safety-appliance acts— sufficient compliance— violations
( United States v. Boston and Maine R . R. C o.)........................... ......... 670,671
V III
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XVIII.
Decisions of courts affecting labor—Concluded.
Page.
Decisions under common law.............................................................................. 671-684
Employers’ liability— dangerous instrumentalities— degree of care—
extraordinary occurrences— “ act of G od ” —negligence— presump
tions as to contributory negligence—assumption of risk {Brown v.
West Riverside Coal C o.)........... . .............................................................. 671-675
Employers’ liability—injuries caused b y third persons— liability
between themselves of joint wrongdoers—release b y parents for
injuries to minor {Galveston, Harrisburg, and San Antonio Ry. Co.
v. P igott)...................................................................................................... 675-679
Interference with em ploym ent— trade com petition— unjustifiable
acts—motive {Tuttle v. Buck)................................................................ 679-682
Labor organizations—suspension of members—interference with em
ployment— conspiracy— damages {Campbell et al. v. Johnson)........ 682-684
Laws of various States relating to labor, enacted since January 1, 1908..............
685
Cumulative index of labor laws and decisions relating thereto........................ 687,688
Index to volume 18........................................................................................................ 689-695
@FedFRASER