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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND LABOR
BULLETIN
OP THE
BUREAU OF LABOR
V O L U M E
X I X —1 9 0 9
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1909
C O N T E N T S OF V O L U M E X I X .
No. 83.—JU LY, 1909.
Page.
W om en’ s trade union movement in Great Britain, b y Katherine Graves
Busbey, A . B .:
H istory of the m ovem ent....................................................................................
Obstacles to organization of w om en..................................
Occupations tem porary................................................................................
Low wages and low standard of liv in g ......................................................
Class distinctions...........................................................................................
L iability to victim ization and apathy......................................................
A ttitude of male trade unionists to organization of wom en.........................
Growth of organization among women workers...............................................
Results of organization of women workers.......................................................
A id secured through legal proceedings.....................................................
R ecent legislation..........................................................................................
Crusade against livin g-in and truck system s...........................................
Protection against fines and im position....................................................
The marriage dow ry......................................................................................
Conciliation and arbitration........................................................................
T he W om en’s Trade Union League...................................................................
Methods em ployed b y the league..............................................................
Advantages of representation in the Trade U nion Congress................
Advantages of affiliation w ith the General Federation of Trade
U nions..........................................................................................................
R elation of w om en’s trade unions to low wages and the sweating system .
Conclusions.............................................................................................................
A ppendix................................................................................................................
Cost of living of the working classes in the principal industrial towns of France:
Scope of the investigation...................................................................................
Rents of working-class dw ellings.......................................................................
France..............................................................................................................
France and Great Britain com pared........................................................
R etail prices...........................................................................................................
France..............................................................................................................
Rents and prices com bined.................................................................
France and Great Britain com pared.........................................................
Rates of wages........................................................................................................
France..............................................................................................................
R elation of rates of wages to rents and prices..................................
France and Great Britain com pared.........................................................
Hornrs of labor........................................................................................................
Summary of conclusions......................................................................................
Changes in retail prices and rates o f wages betw een O ctober, 1905, and
O ctober, 1907......................................................................................................
20092— No. 85— 10- — 27
iii
1-5
5-10
6
6, 7
8,9
9,10
11-18
18-22
22-32
22,23
23-25
25-29
29-31
31,32
32
32-43
32-37
37,38
39-43
44-50
50-58
58-65
66,67
67-71
67-69
70,71
71-80
71-77
77
77-80
80-84
80-83
83
84
85
85,86
86,87
IV
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR.
Earnings and hours of labor in British textile in du stries:
Page.
General summ ary...................................................................................................
88-92
Cotton industry......................................................................................................
92-95
W oolen and worsted industry.............................................................................
95-97
Linen industry.......................................................................................................
98,99
Jute industry..........................................................................................................
99
Silk industry........................................................................................................... 100,101
H osiery industry.................................................................................................... 101,102
Lace industry......................................................................................................... 102,103
D igest of recent reports of state bureaus of labor statistics:
California—Thirteenth Biennial R eport, 1907 and 1908: Hours and
wages— Factory inspection— Farm labor— Em ploym ent agencies—
Labor organizations— Child labor— Chinese and Japanese....................... 104,105
Colorado— Biennial R eport, 1907 and 1908: Coal production— Railroad
106
em ployees— Labor organizations— Free em ploym ent bureaus................
Connecticut—Tw enty-third Report, 1907 and 1908: New factory con
struction— E ffects of the industrial depression— Free pu blic em ploy
m ent bureaus— C hild-labor conference— Strikes and lockouts— Em
ployer’s lia bility— Tenem ent houses..........................................................
106-108
Indiana—
Tw elfth B iennial Report of the Bureau of Statistics, 1907 and 1908:
Labor organizations— E lectric railroads............................................... 108,109
Sixth Biennial Report of the Indiana Labor Commission, 1907 and
1908...............................................................................................................
109
Iowa— Thirteenth Biennial R eport, 1906 and 1907: Graded wages and
salaries—New industries—Trade unions—Wage-earners— Railroad em
ployees—Em ployers’ statistical report— Canning industry...................... 109-111
Montana—Tenth report, 1905 and 1906: Labor— Industries........................ I l l , 112
D igest of recent foreign statistical pu blication s:
Belgium :
Reports on hom e workers in B elgium : Furniture industry at Malines,
the making of em broidery and wom en’s apparel, and rope m aking.
113
R eport as to wages and hours of labor in the m etal-working industry. 113-120
Germ any:
R eport on unem ploym ent in B erlin and 27 suburbs on Novem ber
17, 1908........................................................................................................ 120-124
Report on unem ploym ent in H alle on the Saale on January 10,1909. 124-127
Report of the experience of the city of M agdeburg and of various
European governm ents in connection w ith the problem of unem
ploym ent..................................................................................................... 128-136
Great Britain:
R eport of the ch ief inspector of factories and workshops for the year
1908............................................................................................................... 137-141
Report of the chief inspector of factories on the adm inistration of
the Factory and W orkshops A ct, 1901, b y local authorities in
respect of workshops, outwork, etc., in 1907....................................... 142,143
Ita ly : Report on the question of em ploym ent on Sundays and h olid a ys..
143
D ecisions of courts affecting labor:
D ecisions under statute law ................................................................................ 144-163
Assignments of wages— Rights of assignees— Priority of wage claim s
over claim s of mortgagees— Construction of statute ( Union Trust Co.
v. Southern Sawmills andLumber Co.).....................................................144-147
Contract of em ploym ent—intent to defraud— constitutionality of
statute—im prisonm ent for debt (Bailey v. State)................................. 147,148
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19.
V
D ecisions of courts affecting labor— Concluded.
Page.
D ecisions under statute law—Concluded.
Em ployers’ lia bility — em ploym ent of children in violation of
statute— contributory negligence— course of em ploym ent (Strafford
v. Republic Iron and Steel Co.)................................................................149,150
E m ployers’ lia b ility —railroad com panies— construction of statute—
assumption of risk—acts in em ergencies ( Cleveland, Cincinnati,
Chicago and St. Louis Railway Co. v. Bossert)..................................... 150-153
E m ployers’ lia bility— safe place to work— questions for ju ry— as
sum ption of risk— construction of statute— contributory negli
gence— course of em ploym ent (Harvey v. Texas and Pacific Railway
Co.)................................................................................................................ 153-157
Labor organizations—strikes— in ju n ctions— conspiracy— interfer
ence w ith em ploym ent— secondary boycott—reciprocal rights of
em ployers and em ployees (Iron Holders’ Union v. Allis-Chal
mers Co.)...................................................................................................... 157-163
D ecisions under common law ............................................................................. 163-181
Em ployer and em ployee— disclosure of trade secrets— confidential
relations—injunction (Stevens & Co. v. Stiles).................................. 163-165
E m ployer and em ployee— wrongful discharge—rem edy— duty to
seek new em ploym ent—burden of proof (Quick v. Swing).............. 165-167
Em ployers’ lia bility— duty of em ployer as to em ploym ent of com
petent fellow -servants— evidence of incom petence— contract w ith
trade union as defense (Pearson v. Alaska Pacific Steamship Co.).. 167-169
Labor organizations—boycott— secondary or com pound boycott—
conspiracy—injunction—unincorporated associations (The Ameri
can Federation of Labor v. The Buck Stove and Range Co.)...................169-179
Labor organizations—interference w ith em ploym ent— lia b ility for
procuring discharge—rights of mem bers (Blanchard v. Newark Joint
District Council of United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of
America etal.)....................................................................................... . . . 180,181
N o. 84.— SEPTEM BER, 1909.
A ccidents to railroad em ployees in New Jersey, 1888 to 1907, b y Frederick S.
Crum, P h. D .:
Introduction ............................................................................................................
A ccidents to station men, e tc..............................................................................
A ccidents to trainm en...........................................................................................
Passenger conductors.....................................................................................
Freight conductors.........................................................................................
Yard conductors.............................................................................................
D rillm asters.....................................................................................................
Conductors (not sp ecified )...........................................................................
Enginem en............................................... „ .....................................................
Firem en............................................................................................................
Passenger brakem en......................................................................................
Freight brakem en..........................................................................................
Yard brakem en...............................................................................................
Brakem en (n ot sp ecified ).............................................................................
Sw itchm en (n ot sp ecified )...........................................................................
Flagm en............................................................................................................
Baggagemen (not sp ecified).........................................................................
Trainm en (not sp ecified )..............................................................................
183-192
192-196
196-227
201
201-203
203,204
205,206
206-208
209-211
211-213
213
213-216
216,217
218,219
220,221
222,223
223-225
225-227
VI
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR.
A ccidents to railroad em ployees in New Jersey, 1888 to 1907— Concluded.
Page.
A ccidents to shopm en........................................................................................... 227-235
Car repairers.................................................................................................... 230-232
M achinists and their helpers....................................................................... 232-234
Shopm en (m iscellaneous and not sp ecified)............................................. 234,235
A ccidents to roundhouse m en............................................................................. 236-241
A ccidents to yard em ployees.............................................................................. 241-249
Car exam iners................................................................................................. 243-245
Car cleaners..................................................................................................... 245-247
Yard cle rk s.....................................................................................................
247
Freight handlers............................................................................................. 247,248
Yard w atchm en..................................................................
249
A ccidents to m aintenance-of-w ay em ployees.................................................. 249-271
Section hands.................................................................................................. 256-259
Track walkers................................................................................................. 259,260
Bridge carpenters, e tc.................................................................................. 261,262
Carpenters (not sp ecified)— ..................................................................... 262,263
Masons..............................................................................................................
264
Painters............................................................................................................
265
W reck em ployees...........................................................................................
265
P ile drivers......................................................................................................
265
Iron workers....................................................................................................
265
Drawbridge tenders..................................................................................... . 265,266
Crossing gatem en and flagm en.................................................................... 266,267
E lectricians.....................................................................................................
267
Sw itch tenders................................................................................................ 267,268
Sw itch repairers, oilers, and cleaners........................................................
268
Em ployees operating, repairing, etc., signals.......................................... 268-270
A ccidents to floating equipm ent em ployees.................................................... 271-274
A ccidents to m iscellaneous and unclassified em ployees.............................. 274-280
Laborers (not sp ecified)................................................................................ 275,276
Topm en............................................................................................................ 276,277
E m ployees (not sp ecified )........................................................................... 278-280
Summary and conclusions................................................................................... 280-286
A pp en dix................................................................................................................. 287-337
T h e M innesota iron ranges, b y G . O. Virtue, Ph. D .:
In troduction............................................................................................................ 338,339
Production............................................................................................................... 339-341
Transportation........................................................................................................ 341-343
Population and n ationality................................................................................. 343-356
The Finns........................................................................................................
354
The Austrians................................................................................................. 354,355
M ontenegrins and Servians..........................................................................
356
Social condition s.................................................................................................... 356-362
H ousing............................................................................................................ 356-359
Educational fa cilities.................................................................................... 359,360
H om e ow ning.................................................................................................. 360-362
Liquor traffic...................................................................................................
362
M ining...................................................................................................................... 362-366
A cciden ts................................................................................................................. 367-377
H ospital service...................................................................................................... 378,379
A id funds and insurance...................................................................................... 379-385
Wages and cost of liv in g ....................................................................................... 386-394
Labor organizations.............................................................................................. 394-396
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19.
VII
Digest of recent reports of state bureaus of labor statistics:
Page.
Missouri—Thirtieth Annual Report, 1908: Surplus products, governm ent
land, land values, and good roads—M anufacturing industries— Labor
organizations— Free em ploym ent offices— P u blic u tility plants— Prison
shops—Wage com parison................................................................................. 397^400
Montana—Eleventh Report [Fifth B iennial], 1907-1908: Labor— Indus
tries....................................................................................................................... 400,401
Nebraska— Eleventh Biennial R eport, for the years 1907 and 1908: A cci
401
dent insurance—M anufacturing.statistics for 1907.....................................
Digest of recent foreign statistical publications:
New South W ales:
Second Annual Report of the D irector of Labor, 1908.......................... 402-404
Third Annual Report of the D irector of Labor, 1909............................. 402-404
Norway: R eport of the Bureau of Statistics on the em ploym ent of women
as seamstresses in Christiania......................................................................... 405-409
Sweden: R eport of the Bureau of Labor Statistics on the prices of the
necessaries of life and of food animals and the rates of rent in the princi
pal localities in the K ingdom , for the years 1904 to 1907.......................... 410,411
D ecisions of courts affecting labor:
D ecisions under statute law .................................................................................. 412-436
Assignment of wages—L iberty of contract— Constitutionality of stat
ute—Wages and salaries— P olice power (Massie v. Cessna)................ 412-415
Contracts of em ploym ent w ith intent to defraud—Repaym ent of ad
vances—Construction of statute ( Wells v. State)..................................
415
Discharge of em ployees— statement of reason for discharge—constitu
tionality of statute {Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Ry. Co. v.
Brown)............................................................................................................416-418
E m ployers’ lia b ility —actions for injuries causing death—rights of
nonresident aliens—treaties (Fulco et al. v. Schuylkill Stone Co. ) . . 418-420
E m p lo y e d lia b ility — acts of fellow-servants—assumption of risk—
construction of statute {St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Ry.
Co. v. Ledford)............................................................................................ 420-422
Em ployers’ lia b ility — em ploym ent of children— assumption of risks
422
b y infant em ployees {Alexander v. Carolina Mills)............................
Em ployers’ lia b ility — em ploym ent of children— assumption of risks
b y infant em ployees {Owens v. Laurens Cotton Mills)...................... 422,423
Em ployers’ lia b ility — fellow-servants— contracts w ith associations
of em ployees {Edwards* Administrator v. Lam)................................... 423,424
Em ployers’ lia b ility —railroad hazards— construction of statute—
elem ent of haste {Ha?ison v. Northern Pacific Ry. Co.)..................... 424-427
Trade agreements — m onopolies — conspiracy — definition — stat
utes—m otive and ob ject of com binations {National Fireproofing
Co. v. Mason Builders’ Association)....................................................... 427-436
D ecisions under com m on law ............................................................................. 436-454
Contracts of em ploym ent— disclosure of trade secrets—injunction
{H. B. Wiggins Sons* Co. v. Cott-A-Lap Co.)..................................... 436,437
Contracts of em ploym ent—restraint of com petition—valid ity (Freudenthal v. Espey)......................................................................................... 437-443
E m ployers’ lia bility — direct orders— obedience—negligence—rules—
duties of em ployees {Stephens v. Southern Ry. Co.)........................... 444-447
Em ployers’ lia bility—disobedience of rules—direct orders— con
tributory negligence {Crawford v. Southern Ry. Co.)........................ 447,448
Labor organizations—trade agreements— power of com m ittees to con
tract—acts of voluntary associations {A. R. Barnes & Co. et al. v.
Berry etal.)................................................................................................. 448-454
VIII
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR.
N o. 85.— N O VEM BER, 1909.
Review of labor legislation of 1908 and 1909, b y L . D . Clark, A . M ., L L . M .:
Introduction...................................................................................................
Commissions............................................................................................................
Em ployers’ lia b ility ..............................................................................................
A ction for personal injuries...............................................................................
A ccid en ts................................................................................................................
N egligence of em ployees......................................................................................
Bureaus of la b or.....................................................................................................
Inspection of factories and protection of em ployees......................................
Protection of em ployees on buildings...............................................................
M ine regulations.....................................................................................................
Railroads..................................................................................................................
Street railw ays........................................................................................................
Regulation of the contract of em ploym ent......................................................
B lacklisting, interference w ith em ploym ent, e tc...........................................
Arbitration of labor disputes...............................................................................
C ivil rights of em ployees......................................................................................
Exam ination and licensing of w orkingm en............ ........................................
E m ploym ent offices...............................................................................................
E m ploym ent on pu blic works.............................................................................
E m ploym ent of children and w om en................................................................
Labor organizations...............................................................................................
W ages.................................................................................................................
Hours of la b or.........................................................................................................
Sunday labor...........................................................................................................
page.
455,456
456,457
457-460
460
460,461
461,462
462,463
463-467
467
468-471
471-473
473,474
474,475
475,476
476,477
477,478
478,479
479-482
482,483
483-491
491,492
492-495
495,496
496
Laws of various States relating to labor, enacted since January 1, 1908:
A labam a..................................................................................................................
A rizon a....................................................................................................................
Arkansas...................................................................................................................
California..................................................................................................................
Colorado..........................
C on n ecticu t............................................................................................................
Delaware..................................................................................................................
D istrict of Colum bia..............................................................................................
G eorgia.....................................................................................................................
H aw aii......................................................................................................................
Idah o.........................................................................................................................
Illin ois......................................................................................................................
Indiana.....................................................................................................................
Iow a..........................................................................................................................
Kansas......................................................................................................................
K entuck y.................................................................................................................
Louisiana..................................................................................................................
M aine........................................................................................................................
M aryland.................................................................................................................
Massachusetts..........................................................................................................
M ichigan..................................................................................................................
M innesota................................................................................................................
M ississippi...............................................................................................................
M issouri....................................................................................................................
M ontana...................................................................................................................
Nebraska..................................................................................................................
497
497-500
500-502
503-511
511-523
523-528
528-531
531,532
532,533
534
534-539
539—561
562-572
572-576
576-580
580-587
587-601
601-611
611,612
612-629
629-641
641-648
648-650
650-656
656-665
665-669
CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19.
IX
Saws of various States relating to labor, enacted since January 1,1908— Concl ’d .
page.
N evada..................................................................................................................... 669-674
New Ham pshire..................................................................................................... 674,675
New Jersey.............................................................................................................. 675-681
New Y ork ................................................................................................................ 681-693
North Carolina........................................................................................................ 693-696
North Dakota............................................................*............................................. 697-700
O hio.......................................................................................................................... 700-710
Oklahoma................................................................................................................ 710-745
Oregon...................................................................................................................... 745-748
Pennsylvania......................................................................................................... 748-756
P hilippine Islands................................................................................................. 756-759
Porto R ico ............................................................................................................... 759-761
Rhode Island......................................................................................................... 761-764
South Carolina........................................................................................................ 764-769
South D akota.......................................................................................................... 769-771
Tennessee................................................................................................................ 771-774
Texas........................................................................................................................ 775-786
Utah.......................................................................................................................... 786-789
Verm ont..................................
790
V irgin ia................................................................................................................... 790-792
W ashington............................................................................................................. 792-803
W est Virginia..........................................................................................................
803
W isconsin................................................................................................................ 804-811
W yom ing....................................................................................................................811-814
U nited States......................................................................................................... 814-816
Cumulative index of labor laws and decisions relating th ereto.............................817-848
Index to volum e 1 9 ....................................................................................................... 849-857
@FedFRASER