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GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED ENTERPRISES This chapter contains descriptions of and data on the Government-sponsored enterprises listed below. These enterprises were established and chartered by the Federal Government. They are not included in the Federal budget because they are classified as being private. However, because of their relationship to the Government, detailed statements of financial operations and condition are presented, to the extent such information is available, on a basis that is as consistent as practicable with the basis for the budget data of Government agencies. These statements are not reviewed by the President; they are presented as submitted by the enterprises. —The Student Loan Marketing Association is a for-profit financial corporation chartered by Congress in 1972 under the Higher Education Act (HEA) to help increase the availability of student loans. Sallie Mae carries out secondary market and other functions. —The Federal National Mortgage Association provides supplementary assistance to the secondary market for home mortgages. The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation provides a secondary market for mortgage lenders. Both are supervised by the Department of Housing and Urban Development for their roles in helping to finance low-, moderate-, and middle-income housing; both are regulated for financial safety and soundness by the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight. —The Banks for Cooperatives, Agricultural Credit Bank, and Farm Credit Banks provide financial assistance to agriculture. They are supervised by the Farm Credit Administration. —The Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation, under the supervision of the Farm Credit Administration, provides a secondary mortgage market for agricultural real estate and certain rural housing loans as well as for farm and business loans guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. —The Federal Home Loan Banks assist thrift institutions, banks, insurance companies, and credit unions in providing financing for housing and community development and are supervised by the Federal Housing Finance Board. —The Financing Corporation functions as a financing vehicle for the FSLIC Resolution Fund. It operates under the supervision and control of the Federal Housing Finance Board. —The Resolution Funding Corporation provided financing for the Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC) and is subject to the general oversight and direction of the Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board. The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is not a Government-sponsored enterprise, but its transactions also are not included in the budget because of its unique status in the conduct of monetary policy. The Board provides data on its administrative budget on a calendar year basis, which is included here for information. Its budget schedules and statements are not subject to review by the President. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STUDENT LOAN MARKETING ASSOCIATION Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars) Identification code 99–1500–0–3–502 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations: 1111 Limitation on direct loans ............................................. ................... ................... ................... 1131 Direct loan obligations exempt from limitation ............ 8,310 8,295 8,766 1150 Total direct loan obligations ..................................... Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding: Outstanding, start of year ............................................. Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements ................... Repayments: 1251 Repayments and prepayments .................................. 1252 Proceeds from loan asset sales to the public or discounted ............................................................. 1264 Write-offs for default: Other adjustments, net ............. 1210 1231 1290 Outstanding, end of year .......................................... 8,310 8,295 8,766 34,259 8,310 29,468 8,295 26,048 8,766 ¥4,951 ¥2,873 ¥2,695 ¥8,348 198 ¥9,000 158 ¥12,000 142 29,468 26,048 20,261 The Student Loan Marketing Association (Sallie Mae) was created as a shareholder-owned government sponsored enterprise (GSE) by the Education Amendments of 1972 to expand funds available for student loans by providing liquidity to lenders engaged in the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP), formerly the guaranteed student loan program (GSLP). Sallie Mae was privatized in 1997 pursuant to the authority granted by the Student Loan Marketing Association Reorganization Act of 1996. The GSE is a wholly owned subsidiary of SLM Holding Corporation and must wind down and be liquidated by September 30, 2008. Under legislation passed in 1998, if SLM Holding Corporation affiliates with a depository institution, the GSE must wind down within two years (unless such period is extended by the Department of the Treasury). The GSE provides liquidity through direct purchase of insured student loans from eligible lenders and through warehousing advances, which are loans to lenders secured by insured student loans, Government or agency securities, or other acceptable collateral. In capital shortage areas, the GSE is authorized, at the request of Federal officials, to make insured loans directly to students. The GSE is authorized to advance funds to State agencies that will provide loans to students. The GSE is also authorized to provide a secondary market for noninsured loans; to serve as a guarantee agency in support of loan availability at the request of the Secretary of Education; to purchase and underwrite student loan revenue bonds; to provide certain additional services as determined by its board of directors to be supportive of the credit needs of students generally; and to provide financing for academic facilities and equipment. The GSE is authorized by the Health Professions Educational Assistance Act of 1976 to provide a secondary market for federally insured loans to graduate health professions students. Generally, under the privatization legislation, the GSE cannot engage in any new business activities or acquire any additional program assets other than purchasing student loans and serving, at the request of the Secretary of Education, as a lender-of-last-resort. The GSE can continue to make warehousing advances under contractual commitments existing on August 8, 1997. 1227 1228 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION—Continued STUDENT LOAN MARKETING ASSOCIATION—Continued 3999 Total net position ................................ 1,253 880 775 640 Operations.—The forecast data with respect to operations are based on certain general economic and specific FFELP loan volume assumptions and should not be relied upon as an official forecast of the corporation’s future business. 4999 Total liabilities and net position ............ 43,061 35,580 30,500 25,000 DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT ANNUAL LOAN ACTIVITY [In millions of dollars] Guaranteed student loans: Stafford (formerly ‘‘regular’’): Purchased ........................................................................... Warehoused ........................................................................ PLUS/SLS: Purchased .............................................................. FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION PORTFOLIO PROGRAMS 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars) 6,182 6,921 7,314 896 .................... .................... 573 642 678 Subtotal, Guaranteed student loans ............................. 7,651 7,563 7,992 Health professions loans: Purchased .......................................... .................... .................... .................... Other ............................................................................................ 659 732 774 Total ............................................................................... 8,310 8,296 Identification code 99–2500–0–3–371 Note.—The Sallie Mae Board of Directors does not consider it appropriate to forecast corporate revenue in a public document since such forecasts could be used for speculative purposes. Statement of Operations (in millions of dollars) 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. 0101 0102 Revenue ................................................... Expense .................................................... 3,808 –3,300 3,116 –2,595 .................. .................. .................. .................. 0109 Net income .............................................. 508 521 .................. .................. Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars) Identification code 99–1500–0–3–502 ASSETS: Federal assets: Investments in US securities: 1102 Treasury securities, par .................. 1104 Agency securities, par .................... 1106 Receivables, net ............................. Non-Federal assets: 1201 Investments in non-Federal securities, net .................................................. 1206 Receivables, net .................................. 1207 Advances and prepayments ................ Net value of assets related to direct loans receivable and acquired defaulted guaranteed loans receivable: 1601 Direct loans, gross .............................. 1603 Allowance for estimated uncollectible loans and interest (–) .................... 1699 1801 1803 1901 Value of assets related to direct loans .......................................... Other Federal assets: Cash and other monetary assets ....... Property, plant and equipment, net Other assets ........................................ 1999 1997 actual 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. 1,382 .................. 773 1,404 .................. 669 1,432 .................. 468 1,461 .................. 328 5,318 436 19 2,728 706 15 999 918 16 1,089 1,193 17 34,384 29,586 26,152 20,342 –125 –118 –104 –81 34,259 29,468 26,048 20,261 91 211 572 50 182 358 52 191 376 55 201 395 Total assets ........................................ LIABILITIES: Non-Federal liabilities: 2202 Interest payable .................................. 2203 Debt ..................................................... 2207 Other ................................................... 43,061 35,580 30,500 25,000 468 40,230 1,110 300 33,517 883 270 28,527 928 243 23,143 974 2999 41,808 34,700 29,725 24,360 1,253 880 775 640 Total liabilities .................................... NET POSITION: 3200 Invested capital ....................................... 2000 est. 153,329 106,720 1150 144,627 153,329 106,720 321,711 393,210 494,022 Total direct loan obligations ..................................... 8,766 Financing.—The GSE is financed by borrowing in the private debt markets and securitizing its assets. Its debt obligations today have certain characteristics, provided by charter, which give them ‘‘agency’’ status, but they are not federally insured or guaranteed. The GSE must wind down and be liquidated by September 30, 2008. All obligations of the GSE remaining upon liquidation must be placed into a defeasance trust. The GSE’s outstanding adjustable rate cumulative preferred stock is required to be redeemed prior to such date. 1997 actual 1999 est. 144,627 Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding: Outstanding, start of year ............................................. Disbursements: 1231 Direct loan disbursements ........................................ 1232 Purchase of loans assets from the public ............... 1251 Repayments: Repayments and prepayments ................. 1264 Write-offs for default: Other adjustments, net ............. 1210 Identification code 99–1500–0–3–502 1998 actual Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations: 1131 Direct loan obligations exempt from limitation ............ 1290 Outstanding, end of year .......................................... 136,759 159,075 106,308 5,420 376 336 ¥68,683 ¥58,639 ¥51,008 ¥1,997 ................... ................... 393,210 494,022 549,658 The Federal National Mortgage Association, (Fannie Mae) is a federally-chartered, privately-owned company with a public mission to play a leadership role in mortgage finance, to improve the liquidity of the residential mortgage market and increase the availability of mortgage credit to low-and moderate income families and areas underserved by private lending institutions. In carrying out its mission, Fannie Mae engages primarily in two forms of business: investing in portfolios of residential mortgages and guaranteeing residential mortgage securities. As of September 30, 1998, Fannie Mae held a net mortgage portfolio totaling $376 billion and had net outstanding guaranteed mortgage-backed securities of over $626 billion. Fannie Mae’s portfolio purchases and MBS finance about one of every five mortgages in the country. Through a federal charter, Congress has equipped Fannie Mae with certain attributes to help it carry out its public mission and help lower the cost of homeownership for low-, moderate-, and middle-income homebuyers. These include an exemption from state and local taxes (except real property taxes), an exemption of its debt and mortgage securities from Securities and Exchange Commission registration requirements, and potential access to U.S. Treasury funds. Fannie Mae’s charter also prohibits the imposition of user fees. Fannie Mae pays federal income tax; its earnings as of third quarter suggest the company will pay approximately $1.4 billion for 1998. Securities guaranteed by Fannie Mae and debt issued by the company are solely the corporation’s obligations and are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. The common stock of the corporation is owned by the public, if fully transferable, and trades on the New York, Midwest, and Pacific stock exchanges. Fannie Mae was established in 1938 to assist private markets in providing a steady supply of funds for housing. Fannie Mae was originally a subsidiary of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and was permitted to purchase only loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). In 1954, Fannie Mae was restructured as a mixed ownership (part government, part private) corporation. Congress sold the government’s remaining interest in Fannie Mae in 1968 and completed the transformation to private shareholder ownership in 1970. Using the proceeds from the sale of subordinated debentures, Fannie Mae paid the Treasury $216 million for the government’s preferred stock, which was retired, and for the Treasury’s interest in the corporation’s earned surplus. As a result, the corporation was taken off the federal budget. GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED ENTERPRISES In 1992, Congress reaffirmed and clarified Fannie Mae’s role in the housing finance system through charter act amendments included in the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 (‘‘The Act’’). Fannie Mae’s charter purposes, as amended by the Act, are: ‘‘to provide stability in the secondary market for residential mortgages; respond appropriately to the private capital market; provide ongoing assistance to the secondary market for residential mortgages (including activities relating to mortgages on housing for low- and moderate-income families involving a reasonable economic return that may be less than the return earned on other activities); and promote access to mortgage credit throughout the Nation (including central cities, rural areas, and underserved areas) by increasing the liquidity of mortgage investments and improving the distribution of investment capital for residential mortgage financing.’’ Fannie Mae’s primary customers are low-, moderate-, and middle-income families. In March of 1994, the company established its ‘‘$1 Trillion Commitment’’ to provide mortgage financing for low- and moderate-income families in underserved markets, and passed the two-thirds mark in 1998. The company’s 33 Partnership Offices have delivered $75 billion in targeted investments by tailoring Fannie Mae’s products and services to meet the unique needs of the communities in which they are located. In addition, the company’s automated underwriting system (Desktop Underwriter) has processed over 2 million loans, greatly speeding the approval process. On December 1, 1995, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development issued a final rule that sets the levels of the affordable housing goals for 1996–1999 and establishes the requirements for counting mortgage purchases to low- and moderate-income families and families living in underserved areas with specific census tract and minority concentration requirements. Under the regulations, the lowand moderate-income target is 42 percent; the underserved area goal is 24 percent for the 1997–1999 period. In addition, the special affordable housing goal requires the corporation to target 14 percent of its conventional mortgage business in 1997–1999 to very low-income families or low-income families in low-income areas; those amounts must include qualifying special affordable purchases on multifamily units totaling not less than $1.29 billion for each year. Fannie Mae exceeded its housing goals in each year since 1994 and expects to meet or exceed all of its goals for 1998. The Act also established the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO), an independent office within HUD, headed by a Director who reports directly to the Congress. OFHEO has statutory responsibility for ensuring that Fannie Mae is adequately capitalized and operating in a safe and sound manner. Included among the express statutory authorities of the Director is the authority to conduct examinations of the financial health of the company and to issue minimum and risk-based capital standards. The minimum capital requirements are computed from statutorily established ratios that are applied to the assets and off-balance sheet risks of Fannie Mae. The risk-based capital standard determines the amount of capital that Fannie Mae must hold to withstand the impact of simultaneous adverse credit and interest rate stresses over a 10-year period, plus an additional amount to cover management and operations risk. Total capital (shareholder’s equity plus allowance for loan losses) at the end of September 1998 was $15.6 billion. The company has continued to remain in compliance with applicable capital standards and has been deemed adequately capitalized by OFHEO since its first classification in June 1993. Fannie Mae has pursued its housing mission vigorously and productively while continuing to maintain its financial strength. It provides liquidity and stability to the mortgage market. It also passes on reduced mortgage interest rates to homebuyers—according to some studies between 25 and 1229 DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT—Continued 50 basis points. Meanwhile, Fannie Mae has remained profitable. Through the third quarter of 1998, it earned $2.53 billion. The forecast data contained in this material has been developed based on certain general economic assumptions prevalent in the third quarter of 1998 and should not be construed as an official forecast for Fannie Mae. Income and retained earnings for the years ended September 30, 1997 and 1998 follow (in thousands of dollars): 1997 actual 1998 actual Gross revenue ................................................................................................ Gross expenses .............................................................................................. 27,065,400 22,931,500 30,510,100 25,885,200 Income before Federal income tax ....................................................... Federal income tax ........................................................................................ 4,133,900 1,225,000 4,624,900 1,365,800 Net income ............................................................................................ Retained earnings, beginning of year ........................................................... Dividends on common stock .......................................................................... 2,908,900 10,721,700 864,500 3,259,100 12,766,100 960,600 Retained earnings, end of year ............................................................ 12,766,100 15,064,600 Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars) 1999 est. 2000 est. 19 .................. .................. 26 64,364 123 68,714 .................. 68,005 .................. 75,353 294,402 12,635 362,478 13,854 439,757 3,751 491,632 3,522 –281 –254 –249 –240 306,756 376,078 443,259 494,914 7,750 205 9,974 191 8,988 .................. 8,197 .................. Total assets ........................................ LIABILITIES: Federal liabilities: 2101 Accounts payable ................................ 2102 Accrued interest payable .................... 2105 Other ................................................... Non-Federal liabilities: 2203 Debt ..................................................... 2204 Estimated Federal liability for loan guarantees, credit reform .............. 2206 Pension and other actuarial liabilities 2207 Subtotal, Federal taxes payable ......... 379,225 455,099 520,252 578,464 511 4,622 9 400 5,544 8 .................. 6,800 .................. .................. 7,452 .................. 358,003 430,582 494,356 550,366 2,330 202 190 3,135 225 353 2,466 .................. .................. 2,224 .................. .................. 2999 365,867 440,247 503,622 560,042 12,765 593 15,065 –213 17,611 –981 20,326 –1,905 Identification code 99–2500–0–3–371 ASSETS: Federal assets: 1101 Fund balances with Treasury ............. Investments in US securities: 1102 Treasury securities, par .................. 1104 Other ............................................... Net value of assets related to direct loans receivable and acquired defaulted guaranteed loans receivable: 1601 Public: direct loans (net of discount) 1602 Federal Agencies ................................. 1603 Allowance for estimated uncollectible loans and interest (–) .................... 1699 1801 1803 Value of assets related to direct loans .......................................... Other Federal assets: Cash and other monetary assets ....... Property, plant and equipment, net 1999 Total liabilities .................................... NET POSITION: 3300 Cumulative results of operations ............ 3600 Change In Stockholder Equity ................. 1997 actual 1998 actual 124 3999 Total net position ................................ 13,358 14,852 16,630 18,421 4999 Total liabilities and net position ............ 379,225 455,099 520,252 578,463 MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars) Identification code 99–2501–0–3–371 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations: 1131 Direct loan obligations exempt from limitation ............ 89,534 346,794 204,271 1150 Total direct loan obligations ..................................... 89,534 346,794 204,271 1210 Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding: Outstanding, start of year ............................................. 690,919 798,460 923,520 1230 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000 DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT—Continued FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION PORTFOLIO PROGRAMS—Continued MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES—Continued Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars)—Continued Identification code 99–2501–0–3–371 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. 1231 1251 Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements ................... Repayments: Repayments and prepayments ................. 275,533 ¥167,992 346,794 ¥221,734 204,271 ¥129,853 1290 Outstanding, end of year .......................................... 798,460 923,520 997,938 According to accounting practices for private corporations, the mortgages in the pools of loans supporting the mortgagebacked securities are considered to be owned by the holders of these securities. Consequently, on the books of the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae), these mortgages are not considered assets and the securities outstanding are not considered liabilities. However, the concepts of the budget of the U.S. Government consider these mortgages and mortgage-backed securities to be assets and liabilities, respectively, of Fannie Mae. For the purposes of this document, therefore, they are presented as assets and liabilities in the accompanying schedules. On the schedule of Status of direct loans for mortgage-backed securities, the items labeled ‘‘New loans’’ and ‘‘Recoveries: Repayments and prepayments’’ are budgetary terms. However, from the Corporation’s perspective, these items are ‘‘Amounts issued’’ and ‘‘Amounts passed through to the holders of securities’’, respectively. The forecast data contained in this material has been developed based on certain general economic assumptions prevalent in the third quarter of 1998 and should not be construed as an official forecast of the Corporation’s position. Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars) 1997 actual 1998 actual 691,438 799,006 924,049 998,433 –519 –546 –529 –495 690,919 798,460 923,520 997,938 Total assets ........................................ LIABILITIES: 2104 Federal liabilities: Resources payable to Treasury ............................................... 690,919 798,460 923,520 997,938 690,919 798,460 923,520 997,938 2999 690,919 798,460 923,520 997,938 Identification code 99–2501–0–3–371 ASSETS: Net value of assets related to direct loans receivable and acquired defaulted guaranteed loans receivable: 1601 Direct loans, gross .............................. 1603 Allowance for estimated uncollectible loans and interest (–) .................... 1699 Value of assets related to direct loans .......................................... 1999 Total liabilities .................................... 1999 est. 2000 est. FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORPORATION PORTFOLIO PROGRAMS Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars) Identification code 99–4420–0–3–371 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations: 1131 Direct loan obligations exempt from limitation ............ 100,869 49,000 45,000 1150 Total direct loan obligations ..................................... 100,869 49,000 45,000 1210 1231 1251 Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding: Outstanding, start of year ............................................. Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements ................... Repayments: Repayments and prepayments ................. 157,165 100,869 ¥41,512 216,522 49,000 ¥29,000 236,522 45,000 ¥25,000 1290 Outstanding, end of year .......................................... 216,522 236,522 256,522 Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), is a federally-charted, private shareholder-owned company with a public mission to provide stability and increase the liquidity of the residential mortgage market, and to help increase the availability of mortgage credit to low- and moderate-income families and in underserved areas. In carrying out its mission, Freddie Mac engages primarily in two forms of business: investing in portfolios of residential mortgages and guaranteeing residential mortgage securities. At the end of 1997, Freddie Mac held a net mortgage portfolio totaling nearly $164 billion and had outstanding guaranteed mortgage-backed securities of more than $579 billion. Through a federal charter, Congress has equipped Freddie Mac with certain advantages over wholly private firms in carrying out these activities. These advantages include an exemption from state and local taxes (except real property taxes), an exemption for their debt and mortgage securities from SEC filing registration requirements, and a potential limited access to U.S. Treasury funds. Freddie Mac does pay federal income tax, however, and securities guaranteed by Freddie Mac and debt issued by the company are explicitly not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. The common stock of the corporation is owned by the public, is fully transferable, and trades on the New York and Pacific stock exchanges. Freddie Mac was established in 1970 under the Emergency Home Finance Act. Congress chartered Freddie Mac to provide mortgage lenders with an organized national secondary market enabling them to manage their conventional mortgage portfolio more effectively and gain indirect access to a ready source of additional funds to meet new demands for mortgages. Freddie Mac served as a conduit facilitating the flow of investment dollars from the capital markets to mortgage lenders, and ultimately, to homebuyers, increasing the amount of mortgage credit available and making it more affordable. The Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA) significantly changed the corporate governance of Freddie Mac. The company’s three member Board of Directors, which had corresponded with the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, was replaced with an eighteen member Board of Directors. Thirteen board members are elected annually by shareholders and five are annually appointed by the President of the United States. In addition, FIRREA converted Freddie Mac’s 60 million shares of nonvoting, senior participating preferred stock into voting common stock. As a result, the corporation was taken off the federal budget. FIRREA also clarified Freddie Mac’s role in the housing finance delivery system through amendments to its charter act. Specifically, FIRREA established Freddie Mac’s public mission: ‘‘to provide stability in the secondary market for residential mortgages; respond appropriately to the private capital market; and provide ongoing assistance to the secondary market for residential mortgages (including activities relating to mortgages on housing for low- and moderate-income families involving a reasonable economic return that may be less than the return earned on other activities. The Federal Housing Enterprise Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992 (‘‘The Act’’) added to Freddie Mac’s public mission the promotion of ‘‘access to mortgage credit throughout the Nation (including central cities, rural areas, and underserved areas) by increasing the liquidity of mortgage investments and improving the distribution of investment capital for residential mortgage financing.’’ The Act also established affordable housing goals that are designed to improve the flow of mortgage funds to low- and moderate-income families in central cities, rural areas, and other underserved areas. On December 1, 1995, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) issued GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED ENTERPRISES a final rule that sets the levels of the goals for 1996–1999 and establishes the requirements for counting mortgage purchases for meeting these goals. The goals provide that, of the total number of dwelling units financed by Freddie Mac’s mortgage purchases, 40 percent meet the low- and moderateincome goal in 1996 and 42 percent in each of 1997, 1998, and 1999; 21 percent meet the special affordable goal in 1996 and 24 percent in each of 1997, 1998 and 1999; and 12 percent meet the special affordable goals in 1996 and 14 percent in each of 1997, 1998 and 1999, including at least $988 million in qualifying multifamily mortgage purchases in each year from 1996 through 1999. In 1997, Freddie Mac met the low- and moderate-income goal of 42 percent with purchases of 42.9 percent, the underserved area goal of 24 percent with purchases of 26.3 percent, the special affordable goal of 14 percent with purchases of 15.3 percent, and the multifamily portion of the special affordable goal of $988 million with purchases of more than $1 billion in qualifying multifamily mortgages. The Act also enhanced the regulatory oversight of Freddie Mac by establishing the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO), an independent office within HUD, headed by a Director appointed by the President. OFHEO is responsible for ensuring that Freddie Mac is adequately capitalized and operating in a safe and sound manner. Included among the express statutory authorities of the Director is the authority to conduct examinations of the financial health of the company and to issue minimum and risk-based capital standards. The minimum capital requirements are computed from statutorily established ratios that are applied to the assets and off-balance sheet risks of Freddie Mac. The riskbased capital standard determines the amount of capital that Freddie Mac must hold to withstand the impact of simultaneous adverse credit and interest rate stresses over a 10year period, plus an additional amount to cover management and operations risk. Meanwhile, Freddie Mac has remained profitable. Freddie Mac recorded net income of $1.395 billion in 1997. While accepting and managing higher interest rate risk, Freddie Mac has expanded its investments in retained mortgages from only $34 billion in 1992 to nearly $138 billion at the end of 1996 in an effort to generate higher overall returns. The financial data contained in this material relating to future periods represent estimates that have been prepared specifically for inclusion in the President’s budget. These data should not be viewed as an official forecast of the corporation’s future position, nor should they be used as a basis for making financial or investment decisions relating to the corporation. The data have been developed on the basis of certain economic assumptions that are subject to periodic review and revision. Consequently, the estimates are subject to forecast error and actual results from future business operations are likely to differ from these data. According to generally accepted accounting principles utilized by private corporations, the mortgages in the pools of loans supporting PCs are considered to be owned by the holder of these securities. Therefore, Freddie Mac does not show these mortgages as assets. However, the budget philosophy of the United States Government includes these mortgages and mortgages pass-through securities as assets and liabilities, respectively, of Freddie Mac. For the purpose of this document, therefore, they are presented as assets and liabilities in the accompanying schedules. On the Status of Direct Loans schedule for mortgage pass-through securities, the items labeled ‘‘Disbursements’’ and ‘‘Repayments’’ are budgetary terms. However, from Freddie Mac’s perspective, these amounts represent ‘‘Sales of PCs’’ and ‘‘Amounts passed through to PC holders,’’ respectively. 1231 FARM CREDIT SYSTEM Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars) Identification code 99–4420–0–3–371 ASSETS: 1101 Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury ............................................... Non-Federal assets: 1201 Investments in non-Federal securities, net .................................................. 1206 Receivables, net .................................. 1207 Advances and prepayments ................ Other Federal assets: 1801 Cash and other monetary assets ....... 1802 Inventories and related properties ..... 1803 Property, plant and equipment, net 1901 Other assets ........................................ 1999 Total assets ........................................ LIABILITIES: 2101 Federal liabilities: Accounts payable ...... Non-Federal liabilities: 2201 Accounts payable ................................ 2202 Interest payable .................................. 2203 Debt ..................................................... 2206 Pension and other actuarial liabilities Other: 2207 Accrued payroll and benefits ......... 2207 Accrued annual leave (funded or unfunded) ................................... 2207 Other Liabilities .............................. 2999 Total liabilities .................................... NET POSITION: 3200 Invested capital ....................................... 1997 actual 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. .................. .................. .................. .................. 713 9,004 482 4,508 13,404 255 4,508 19,581 139 4,508 28,200 81 5,992 157,165 869 10,050 7,695 216,522 964 19,908 9,882 236,522 1,166 19,908 12,691 256,522 1,430 19,908 184,275 263,256 291,706 323,340 84 1 .................. .................. 856 1,719 160,051 7 811 1,543 232,994 13 768 1,385 252,994 24 727 1,243 272,994 44 45 55 67 82 2 14,363 1 18,550 1 24,398 1 32,566 177,127 253,968 279,637 307,657 7,148 9,288 12,069 15,683 3999 Total net position ................................ 7,148 9,288 12,069 15,683 4999 Total liabilities and net position ............ 184,275 263,256 291,706 323,340 MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars) 1998 actual Identification code 99–4440–0–3–371 1999 est. 2000 est. Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations: 1131 Direct loan obligations exempt from limitation ............ 217,539 175,000 169,000 1150 Total direct loan obligations ..................................... 217,539 175,000 169,000 1210 1231 1251 Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding: Outstanding, start of year ............................................. Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements ................... Repayments: Repayments and prepayments ................. 470,015 217,539 ¥196,867 490,687 175,000 ¥153,419 512,268 169,000 ¥146,470 1290 Outstanding, end of year .......................................... 490,687 512,268 534,798 Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars) Identification code 99–4440–0–3–371 1901 ASSETS: Other Federal assets: Underlying Mortgages .................................................. 1997 actual 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. 470,015 490,687 512,268 534,798 Total assets ........................................ LIABILITIES: 2104 Federal liabilities: Resources payable to Treasury ............................................... 470,015 490,687 512,268 534,798 470,015 490,687 512,268 534,798 2999 470,015 490,687 512,268 534,798 1999 Total liabilities .................................... FARM CREDIT SYSTEM The Farm Credit System is a government sponsored enterprise that provides privately financed credit to agricultural and rural communities. The major functional entities of the system are: (1) Banks for Cooperatives (BC), (2) Agricultural Credit Bank (ACB), (3) Farm Credit Banks (FCB), and (4) direct lender associations. The history and specific functions 1232 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000 FARM CREDIT SYSTEM—Continued of the bank entities are discussed after the presentation of financial schedules for each bank entity. As part of the Farm Credit System (FCS), these entities are regulated and examined by the Farm Credit Administration (FCA), an independent Federal agency. The administrative costs of FCA are currently financed by assessments of system institutions. System banks finance loans primarily from sales of bonds to the public and their own capital funds. The system bonds issued by the banks are not guaranteed by the U.S. Government either as to principal or interest. The bonds are backed by an insurance fund, administered by the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (FCSIC), an independent Federal agency that collects insurance premiums from member banks to pay its administrative expenses and fund insurance reserves. All of the banks’ current operating expenses are paid from their own income and do not require budgetary resources from the Federal Government. Limited Federal assistance is provided to support interest payments on special FCS Financial Assistance Corporation (FAC) debt obligations (see discussion of FAC elsewhere in this document). Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars) 1997 actual Identification code 99–4120–0–3–351 1998 actual 306 36 297 32 323 37 328 38 2,027 1,836 1,854 1,909 –64 –54 –55 –56 1,963 1,782 1,799 1,853 ASSETS: Non-Federal assets: 1201 Cash and investment securities ......... 1206 Accrued interest receivable on loans Net value of assets related to direct loans receivable and acquired defaulted guaranteed loans receivable: 1601 Direct loans, gross .............................. 1603 Allowance for estimated uncollectible loans and interest (–) .................... 1699 1803 Value of assets related to direct loans .......................................... Other Federal assets: Property, plant and equipment, net ............................ 1999 est. 2000 est. 132 138 94 99 Total assets ........................................ LIABILITIES: 2104 Federal liabilities: Resources payable to Treasury ............................................... Non-Federal liabilities: Accounts payable: 2201 Consolidated systemwide and other bank bonds ................................ 2201 Notes payable and other interestbearing liabilities ....................... 2202 Accrued interest payable .................... 2,437 2,249 2,253 2,318 23 26 25 28 2,067 1,826 1,816 1,863 37 21 52 19 45 18 45 17 Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations: 1111 Limitation on direct loans ............................................. ................... ................... ................... 1131 Direct loan obligations exempt from limitation ............ 8,268 7,685 7,432 2999 2,148 1,923 1,904 1,953 290 326 350 364 3999 Total net position ................................ 290 326 350 364 1150 Total direct loan obligations ..................................... 4999 Total liabilities and net position ............ 2,438 2,249 2,254 2,317 1210 1231 1251 1263 Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding: Outstanding, start of year ............................................. Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements ................... Repayments: Repayments and prepayments ................. Write-offs for default: Direct loans ............................... 1290 Outstanding, end of year .......................................... BANKS FOR COOPERATIVES Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars) 1998 actual Identification code 99–4120–0–3–351 1999 est. 8,268 7,685 2000 est. 7,432 Total liabilities .................................... NET POSITION: 3300 Cumulative results of operations ............ Note.—Loans to cooperatives include nonaccrual loans and sales contracts. 2,027 1,835 1,852 8,267 7,171 6,892 ¥8,449 ¥7,154 ¥6,790 ¥10 ................... ................... 1,835 1,852 1,954 Note.—Direct loan balances exclude nonaccrual loans and sales contracts. Pursuant to the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987, stockholders in 11 of 13 Banks for Cooperatives voted in 1988 to merge into a single National Bank for Cooperatives. On January 1, 1995, the Springfield Bank for Cooperatives also merged with other entities, as discussed below, to form the first Agricultural Credit Bank. The remaining Cooperative entity, the St. Paul Bank for Cooperatives, is independently chartered to provide credit and related services, nationwide, to eligible cooperatives primarily engaged in farm supply, grain, marketing and processing (including sugar and dairy.) Loans are also made to rural utilities, including telecommunications companies. The financial schedules below reflect the operations of the St. Paul Bank for Cooperatives. Loans are made for both seasonal and long-term needs. Statement of Operations (in millions of dollars) Identification code 99–4120–0–3–351 1999 1997 actual 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. 0101 0102 Total interest income .............................. Total interest expense ............................. 192 –135 177 –119 165 –111 Net interest income ................................. Other income ........................................... Other expenses ........................................ 57 16 –68 58 12 –23 54 10 –25 55 9 –26 0119 Net income .............................................. –52 –11 –15 –17 0191 Total revenues ......................................... 208 189 175 171 0192 Total expenses ......................................... –203 –142 –136 –133 0199 Net income or loss .................................. 5 47 39 38 1997 actual 1998 actual Beginning balance of net worth ......................... 279 290 326 350 Capital stock and participations issued ......... Capital stock and participations retired ......... Surplus retired .................................................. Net income ....................................................... Cash/Dividends/Patronage Distributions .......... Other, net ......................................................... 6 .................. .................. 6 (1) .................. 6 .................. .................. 44 (14) .................. 5 7 .................. 38 (12) .................. 5 17 .................. 38 (12) .................. Ending balance of net worth .............................. 290 326 350 364 Identification code 99–4120–0–3–351 1999 est. 2000 est. Financing Activities (in millions of dollars) Identification code 99–4120–0–3–351 Beginning balance of outstanding system obligation ........................ 1997 actual 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. 2,336 2,104 1,826 1,816 Consolidated systemwide and other bank bonds issued ....................... Consolidated systemwide and other bank bonds retired ....................... Consolidated systemwide notes, net 2,659 1,582 1,321 1,155 2,695 (196) 1,738 (122) 1,306 (25) 1,123 15 Ending balance of outstanding system obligations ................................... 2,104 1,826 1,816 1,863 162 –107 0109 0111 0112 Statement of Changes in Net Worth (in millions of dollars) AGRICULTURAL CREDIT BANKS On January 1, 1995, the National Bank for Cooperatives, the Springfield Bank for Cooperatives, and the Farm Credit Bank of Springfield consolidated to form an Agricultural Credit Bank (ACB), known as CoBank ACB. This bank is headquartered in Denver, Colorado and serves eligible cooperatives nationwide, and provides funding to Agricultural Credit Associations (ACAs) in one of its regions. An ACB operates under statutory authority that combines the authori- GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED ENTERPRISES FARM CREDIT SYSTEM—Continued ties of a FCB and a BC. In exercising its FCB authority, CoBank ACB’s charter limits its lending to ACAs located in the region previously served by the Farm Credit Bank of Springfield. As an entity lending to Cooperatives, CoBank engages in the same business activities as the St. Paul Bank for Cooperatives and it provides international loans for the financing of agricultural exports. Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars) 1998 actual Identification code 99–4130–0–3–351 1999 est. 2000 est. Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations: 1111 Limitation on direct loans ............................................. ................... ................... ................... 1131 Direct loan obligations exempt from limitation ............ 41,710 45,000 50,000 Statement of Changes in Net Worth (in millions of dollars) 1997 actual 1998 actual Beginning balance of net worth ......................... 1,281 1,365 1,450 1,475 Capital stock and participations issued ......... Capital stock and participations retired ......... Net income ....................................................... Cash/Dividends/Patronage Distributions .......... Other, net ......................................................... .................. 39 144 (34) 13 .................. 42 156 (34) 5 1 86 150 (40) .................. .................. 48 169 (40) .................. Ending balance of net worth .............................. 1,365 1,450 1,475 1,556 Identification code 99–4130–0–3–351 41,710 45,000 50,000 Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding: 1210 Outstanding, start of year ............................................. 1231 Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements ................... 1251 Repayments: Repayments and prepayments ................. 1263 Write-offs for default: Direct loans ............................... 14,961 41,710 ¥41,893 ¥2 14,776 45,000 ¥44,121 ¥5 15,650 50,000 ¥49,098 ¥5 Consolidated systemwide and other bank bonds issued ................................................ Consolidated systemwide and other bank bonds retired ................................................ Consolidated systemwide notes, net ................ 14,776 15,650 16,547 Outstanding, end of year .......................................... 2000 est. 1997 actual Identification code 99–4130–0–3–351 Total direct loan obligations ..................................... 1290 1999 est. Financing Activities (in millions of dollars) Beginning balance of outstanding system obligations ......................................................... 1150 1233 Ending balance of outstanding system obligations ............................................................. 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. 15,946 16,469 16,253 17,008 7,548 8,104 8,200 8,300 8,420 1,395 9,335 1,015 7,845 400 7,751 500 16,469 16,253 17,008 18,057 Statement of Operations (in millions of dollars) 1997 actual 1998 actual 0101 0102 Total interest income .............................. Total interest expense ............................. 1,268 –970 1,282 –983 1,288 –987 1,436 –1,099 0109 0111 0112 Net interest income ................................. Other income ........................................... Other expense .......................................... 298 23 –178 299 32 –173 301 32 –183 337 26 –201 0119 Net income .............................................. –155 –141 –151 –175 0191 Total revenues ......................................... 1,291 1,314 1,320 1,462 0192 Total expenses ......................................... –1,148 –1,156 –1,170 –1,300 0199 Net income or loss .................................. 143 158 150 162 Identification code 99–4130–0–3–351 1999 est. 2000 est. ASSETS: Non-Federal assets: 1201 Cash and investment securities ......... 1206 Accrued interest receivable on loans Net value of assets related to direct loans receivable and acquired defaulted guaranteed loans receivable: 1601 Direct loans, gross .............................. 1603 Allowance for estimated uncollectible loans and interest (–) .................... 1699 1803 Value of assets related to direct loans .......................................... Other Federal assets: Property, plant and equipment, net ............................ 1997 actual 1998 actual 1999 est. 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations: 1111 Limitation on direct loans ............................................. ................... ................... ................... 1131 Direct loan obligations exempt from limitation ............ 36,706 36,951 37,770 1150 1290 3,452 170 3,595 159 3,440 172 3,350 188 14,962 14,776 15,650 16,608 –228 –240 –254 –245 14,734 14,536 15,396 16,363 124 145 150 129 18,480 18,435 19,158 20,030 122 179 100 125 16,469 16,253 17,008 17,853 362 161 385 167 400 175 392 175 2999 17,114 16,984 17,683 18,545 1,366 1,450 1,475 1,485 Total liabilities .................................... NET POSITION: 3300 Cumulative results of operations ............ Identification code 99–4160–0–3–371 Total direct loan obligations ..................................... 36,706 36,951 37,770 Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding: Outstanding, start of year ............................................. 40,998 44,061 45,269 Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements ................... 36,673 36,936 37,754 Repayments: Repayments and prepayments ................. ¥33,610 ¥35,728 ¥36,480 Write-offs for default: Other adjustments, net ............. ................... ................... ................... 2000 est. Total assets ........................................ LIABILITIES: 2104 Federal liabilities: Resources payable to Treasury ............................................... Non-Federal liabilities: Accounts payable: 2201 Consolidated systemwide and other bank bonds ................................ 2201 Notes payable and other interestbearing liabilities ....................... 2202 Accrued interest payable .................... 1999 Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars) 1210 1231 1251 1264 Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars) Identification code 99–4130–0–3–351 FARM CREDIT BANKS 3999 Total net position ................................ 1,366 1,450 1,475 1,485 4999 Total liabilities and net position ............ 18,480 18,434 19,158 20,030 Outstanding, end of year .......................................... 44,061 45,269 46,543 Note.—Loans outstanding at end of year do not include nonaccrual loans and sales contracts. The Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 (1987 Act) required the Federal Land Banks (FLBs) and Federal Intermediate Credit Banks (FICBs) to merge into a Farm Credit Bank (FCB) in each of the 12 Farm Credit districts. The FCBs operate under statutory authority that combines the prior authorities of the FLB and the FICB. No merger occurred in the Jackson district in 1988 because the FLB was in receivership. Pursuant to section 410(e) of the 1987 Act, as amended by the Farm Credit Banks Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, the FICB of Jackson merged with the FCB of Columbia on October 1, 1993. Mergers and consolidations of FCBs across district lines, that began in 1992 continued through mid-1995. As a result of this restructuring activity, 6 FCBs headquartered in the following cities, remain: AgFirst FCB, Columbia, South Carolina; AgAmerica FCB, Sacramento, California; AgriBank FCB, St. Paul, Minnesota; FCB of Wichita, Wichita, Kansas; FCB of Texas, Austin, Texas; and Western FCB, Sacramento, California. The FCBs serve as discount banks and as of October 1, 1998 provided funds to 32 Federal Land Credit Associations (FLCA), 64 Production Credit Associations (PCAs), and 57 Agricultural Credit Associations (ACAs). These direct lender associations, in turn, make short-term production loans (PCAs and ACAs) and long-term real estate loans (FLCAs and ACAs) to eligible farmers and ranchers. Also, as of October 1, 1998, 40 Federal Land Bank Associations originated and serviced 1234 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000 FARM CREDIT SYSTEM—Continued Other, net ......................................................... FARM CREDIT BANKS—Continued long-term real estate loans for 2 of the 6 FCBs. FCBs can also lend to local financing institutions, including commercial banks, as authorized by the Farm Credit Act of 1971, as amended. All the capital stock of the FICB’s, from organization in 1923 to December 31, 1956, was held by the U.S. Government. The 1956 Act provided a long-range plan for the eventual ownership of the credit banks by the production credit associations and the gradual retirement of the Government’s investment in the banks. This retirement was accomplished in full on December 31, 1968. The last of the Government capital that had been invested in the FLB’s was repaid in 1947. 13 (6) (1) 3 Ending balance of net worth .............................. 4,404 4,467 4,423 4,405 Financing Activities (in millions of dollars) Identification code 99–4160–0–3–371 Beginning balance of outstanding system obligations ...................... Consolidated systemwide and other bank bonds issued ....................... Consolidated systemwide and other bank bonds retired ....................... Consolidated systemwide notes, net Ending balance of outstanding system obligations ................................... 1997 actual 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. 41,941 43,588 47,714 48,761 41,162 51,216 49,436 50,096 39,344 (171) 48,689 1,599 47,930 (459) 48,980 450 43,588 47,714 48,761 50,327 Statement of Operations (in millions of dollars) 1997 actual 1998 actual 0101 0102 Total interest income .............................. Total interest expense ............................. 3,207 –2,482 3,348 –2,652 3,274 –2,663 3,224 –2,666 0109 0111 0112 Net interest income ................................. Other income ........................................... Other expenses ........................................ 725 53 –304 696 55 –279 611 26 –264 558 36 –234 0119 Net income .............................................. –251 –224 –238 –198 0191 Total revenues ......................................... 3,260 3,403 3,300 3,260 0192 Total expenses ......................................... –2,786 –2,931 –2,927 –2,900 0199 Net income or loss .................................. 474 472 373 360 Identification code 99–4160–0–3–371 1999 est. 2000 est. Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars) 1997 actual 1998 actual 7,627 781 8,727 809 8,590 792 8,749 795 40,998 44,061 45,268 46,542 –484 –446 –407 –356 40,514 43,615 44,861 46,186 613 629 621 618 Total assets ........................................ LIABILITIES: 2104 Federal liabilities: Resources payable to Treasury ............................................... Non-Federal liabilities: Accounts payable: 2201 Consolidated systemwide and other bank bonds ................................ 2201 Notes payable and other interestbearing liabilities ....................... 2202 Accrued interest payable .................... 49,535 53,780 54,864 56,348 239 196 240 236 43,588 47,714 48,761 50,327 821 483 901 502 909 531 837 543 2999 45,131 49,313 50,441 51,943 4,404 4,467 4,423 4,405 Identification code 99–4160–0–3–371 ASSETS: Non-Federal assets: 1201 Cash and investment securities ......... 1206 Accrued Interest Receivable ............... Net value of assets related to direct loans receivable and acquired defaulted guaranteed loans receivable: 1601 Direct loans, gross .............................. 1603 Allowance for estimated uncollectible loans and interest (–) .................... 1699 1803 Value of assets related to direct loans .......................................... Other Federal assets: Property, plant and equipment, net ............................ 1999 Total liabilities .................................... NET POSITION: 3300 Cumulative results of operations ............ 1999 est. 2000 est. 3999 Total net position ................................ 4,404 4,467 4,423 4,405 4999 Total liabilities and net position ............ 49,535 53,780 54,864 56,348 Statement of Changes in Net Worth (in millions of dollars) 1997 actual 1998 actual Beginning balance of net worth ......................... 4,290 4,404 4,467 4,423 Capital stock and participations issued ......... Capital stock and participations retired ......... Net income ....................................................... Cash/Dividends/Patronage Distributions .......... 47 55 474 (365) 67 87 472 (383) 36 117 372 (334) 63 176 362 (270) Identification code 99–4160–0–3–371 1999 est. 2000 est. FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE CORPORATION Farmer Mac is authorized under the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (the Act), as amended by the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987, to create a secondary market for agricultural real estate and rural home mortgages that meet minimum credit standards. The Farmer Mac title of the Act was amended by the 1990 farm bill to authorize Farmer Mac to purchase, pool, and securitize the guaranteed portions of farmer program, rural business and community development loans guaranteed by the USDA. The Farmer Mac title was further amended in 1991 to clarify Farmer Mac’s authority to issue debt obligations, provide for the establishment of minimum capital standards, and establish the Office of Secondary Market Oversight at the Farm Credit Administration (FCA) and expand the agency’s rulemaking authority. Most recently, the Farm Credit System Reform Act of 1996 amended the Farmer Mac title to allow Farmer Mac to purchase loans directly from lenders and to issue and guarantee mortgage-backed securities without requiring that a minimum cash reserve or subordinated (first loss) interest be maintained by the lenders, poolers or investors as had been required under its original authority. The 1996 Act also increased Farmer Mac’s capital requirements over time and expanded the regulatory authorities of the FCA. Farmer Mac operates through two programs, ‘‘Farmer Mac I,’’ which involves mortgage loans secured by first liens on agricultural real estate or rural housing (qualified loans), and ‘‘Farmer Mac II,’’ which involves guaranteed portions of USDA guaranteed loans. Farmer Mac operates by: (i) purchasing, or committing to purchase, newly originated or existing qualified loans or guaranteed portions from lenders; (ii) purchasing ‘‘AgVantage’’ bonds backed by qualified loans or guaranteed portions from lenders; and (iii) exchanging qualified loans or guaranteed portions for guaranteed securities. Loans purchased by Farmer Mac are aggregated into pools that back Farmer Mac guaranteed securities which are held by Farmer Mac or sold into the capital markets. Farmer Mac is intended to attract new capital for financing qualified loans and guaranteed portions, foster increased long-term, fixed-rate lending, and provide greater liquidity to agricultural and rural lenders. Increased competition among agricultural lenders, stimulated by access to the secondary market, should result in more favorable rates and terms for agricultural borrowers. Farmer Mac is governed by a 15 member Board of Directors. Ten Board members are elected by stockholders, including five by the Farm Credit System and five by commercial lenders. Five are appointed by the President, subject to Senate confirmation. FINANCING Financial support and funding for Farmer Mac’s operations comes from several sources: sale of common and preferred GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED ENTERPRISES stock; issuance of debt obligations; gain on sale of guaranteed loan-backed securities; guarantee fees; and income from investments. Under procedures specified in the Act, Farmer Mac may issue obligations to the U.S. Treasury in a cumulative amount not to exceed $1.5 billion to fulfill its guarantee obligations. The Act provides for the actuarial soundness of the guarantee fee to be reviewed annually by the Comptroller General in a report to Congress. The soundness of the Farmer Mac I program is maintained through the application of multiple procedures. First, all loans are screened against Farmer Mac’s credit underwriting and appraisal standards. Second, Farmer Mac assesses annual guarantee fees set at levels determined, with the assistance of computer modeling tools to evaluate Farmer Mac’s portfolio under conditions of economic stress, to be adequate for potential risks undertaken. Third, Farmer Mac controls interest rate risk through matched funding and requirement of yield maintenance provisions for mortgages that prepay. Fourth, Farmer Mac’s portfolio of loans and guaranteed securities must conform to geographic and commodity diversification standards set by the Board. Fifth, Farmer Mac maintains an allowance for loan losses determined to be adequate to cover anticipated losses. Lastly, Farmer Mac must maintain core and risk based capital as provided in the Act and FCA regulations. In the Farmer Mac II program, the risks are minimal because only the USDA guaranteed portions of loans are purchased and funding is matched to effectively eliminate interest rate risk. Available funds of Farmer Mac are invested in U.S. agency securities or other high-grade commercial investments. No stock dividends are allowed under the Act until the Board determines that an adequate loss reserve has been funded to back Farmer Mac guarantees. GUARANTEES Farmer Mac provides a guarantee of timely payment of principal and interest on securities backed by qualified loans or pools of qualified loans. These securities are not guaranteed by the United States, and are not ‘‘government securities’’. The 1996 Act removed requirements that loan originators or other third parties maintain cash reserves or subordinated securities in connection with the issuance of Farmer Mac’s guaranteed securities. Farmer Mac is subject to reporting requirements under securities laws and its guaranteed mortgage-backed securities are subject to registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the 1933 and 1934 Securities Acts. Status of Guaranteed Loans (in millions of dollars) Farmer Mac is federally regulated by the FCA’s Office of Secondary Market Oversight (OSMO). OSMO is responsible for examination of and rulemaking for Farmer Mac, including the determination of the stress test to evaluate the adequacy of Farmer Mac’s capital and the establishment of risk-based capital requirements after February 1999. The 1996 amendments to the Farmer Mac title expanded FCA’s regulatory authority to include provisions for establishing a conservatorship or receivership, if necessary, and provided for increased levels of core capital phased in over three years. As of September 30, 1998, Farmer Mac’s total capital exceeds regulatory and statutory requirements. Lastly, during the capital phase-in period the U.S. Treasury and FCA jointly monitor Farmer Mac’s financial condition and report to Congress biannually, as requested by Congress in connection with the enactment of the 1996 Act. 1998 actual Identification code 99–4180–0–3–351 1999 est. 2000 est. Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on commitments: 2111 Limitation on guaranteed loans made by private lenders .............................................................................. ................... ................... ................... 2131 Guaranteed loan commitments exempt from limitation 349 436 545 2150 Total guaranteed loan commitments ........................ 349 436 545 2210 2231 2251 Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding: Outstanding, start of year ............................................. Disbursements of new guaranteed loans ...................... Repayments and prepayments ...................................... 814 349 ¥115 1,048 436 ¥144 1,340 545 ¥179 2290 Outstanding, end of year .......................................... 1,048 1,340 1,706 2299 Memorandum: Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year ................................................................ 1,048 1,340 1,706 Statement of Operations (in millions of dollars) Identification code 99–4180–0–3–351 1997 actual 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. 0101 0101 0101 0101 0102 Revenue: Net Interest Income ................................. Guarantee Fee Income ............................. Gain on Security Issuance ...................... Other Income ........................................... Expense .................................................... 6 2 2 .................. –7 10 3 2 .................. –9 12 4 2 .................. –11 15 5 3 .................. –14 0109 Net income or loss (–) ............................ 3 6 7 9 0199 Net income or loss .................................. 3 6 7 9 Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars) 1997 actual 1998 actual 647 3 2 622 2 5 622 2 7 622 2 8 461 15 614 17 768 21 960 27 476 631 789 987 246 435 435 435 Total assets ........................................ LIABILITIES: Non-Federal liabilities: 2201 Accounts payable ................................ 2202 Interest payable .................................. 2203 Debt ..................................................... 2204 Liabilities for loan guarantees ........... 1,374 1,695 1,855 2,054 2 8 1,313 1 8 7 1,598 3 11 8 1,746 3 13 11 1,930 4 2999 1,324 1,616 1,768 1,958 50 79 87 96 Identification code 99–4180–0–3–351 ASSETS: Non-Federal assets: 1201 Investment in securities ..................... 1206 Receivables, net .................................. 1207 Advances and prepayments ................ Net value of assets related to direct loans receivable: 1401 Direct loans receivable, gross ............ 1402 Interest receivable .............................. 1499 1801 Net present value of assets related to direct loans ........................... Other Federal assets: Cash and other monetary assets .................................. 1999 REGULATION 1235 FARM CREDIT SYSTEM—Continued Total liabilities .................................... NET POSITION: 3200 Invested capital ....................................... 1999 est. 2000 est. 3999 Total net position ................................ 50 79 87 96 4999 Total liabilities and net position ............ 1,374 1,695 1,855 2,054 1236 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000 FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK SYSTEM FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK SYSTEM FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANKS Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars) Identification code 99–4200–0–3–371 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations: 1111 Limitation on direct loans ............................................. ................... ................... ................... 1131 Direct loan obligations exempt from limitation ............ 952,121 952,121 952,121 1150 Total direct loan obligations ..................................... 952,121 952,121 952,121 1210 1231 1251 Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding: Outstanding, start of year ............................................. Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements ................... Repayments: Repayments and prepayments ................. 181,828 952,121 ¥888,302 245,647 952,121 ¥888,302 309,466 952,121 ¥888,302 1290 Outstanding, end of year .......................................... 245,647 309,466 for qualifying affordable housing projects. The FHLBank system sets aside for its AHPs a minimum of $100 million annually. The Act also requires that the FHLBanks contribute $300 million annually to assist in the payment of interest on bonds issued by the Resolution Funding Corportion. The forecast data for 1999 and 2000 contained in this material represents estimates and should not be construed as an official forecast of the FHLBanks System’s future position. Statement of Operations (in millions of dollars) Identification code 99–4200–0–3–371 0101 0102 Revenue ................................................... Expense (excludes payments to REFCORP) ............................................ Net income .............................................. 1997 actual 1998 actual 17,286 20,408 1999 est. 20,408 2000 est. 20,408 –15,799 –18,810 –18,810 –18,810 1,487 1,598 1,598 1,598 373,285 0109 Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars) The 12 Federal Home Loan Banks were chartered by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board under the authority of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act of 1932 (the Act). The FHLBanks are under the supervision of the Federal Housing Finance Board. The common mission of the FHLBanks is to facilitate the extension of credit through their members in order to provide access to housing for all Americans and to improve the quality of their communities. To accomplish this mission, the FHLBanks make loans, called advances, and provide other credit products and services to their 6,806 member commercial banks, savings associations, insurance companies, and credit unions. Advances and letters of credit must be fully secured by eligible collateral and long-term advances may be made only for the purpose of providing funds for residential housing finance. Additionally, specialized advance programs provide funds for community reinvestment and affordable housing programs. All regulated financial depositories and insurance companies engaged in residential housing finance are eligible for membership. Each FHLBank operates in a geographic district designated by the Board and together the FHLBanks cover all of the United States as well as the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands. Advances outstanding on September 30, 1998 totaled approximately $245.6 billion, a net increase of approximately $63.8 billion from the September 30, 1997 level of $181.8 billion. The principal source of funds for the lending operation is the sale of consolidated obligations to the public. On September 30, 1998, $336.3 billion of these obligations were outstanding. The consolidated obligations are not guaranteed by the U.S. Government as to principal or interest. Other sources of lendable funds include members’ deposits and capital. Deposits totaled $22.7 billion and total capital amounted to $21.1 billion as of September 30, 1998. Funds not immediately needed for advances to members are invested. The capital stock of the Federal Home Loan Banks is owned entirely by the members. Initially the U.S. Government purchased stock of the banks in the amount of $125 million. The banks had repurchased the Government’s investment in full by mid-1951. The operating expenses of the FHLBanks are paid from their own income and are not included in the budget of the United States. Included in these expenses are the assessments by the Finance Board to cover its administrative and other costs. The Finance Board’s budget and expenditures, however, are included in the budget of the United States. The Act, as amended in 1989, requires each FHLBank to operate an Affordable Housing Program (AHP). Each FHLBank provides subsidies in the form of direct grants or below-market rate advances for members that use the funds Identification code 99–4200–0–3–371 ASSETS: Investments in US securities: 1102 Federal assets: Treasury securities, net .................................................. Non-Federal assets: 1201 Investments in non-Federal securities, net .................................................. 1206 Accounts receivable ............................ 1401 Net value of assets related to direct loans receivable: Direct loans receivable, gross .......................................... Other Federal assets: 1801 Cash and other monetary assets ....... 1803 Property, plant and equipment, net 1901 Other assets ........................................ 1999 Total assets ........................................ LIABILITIES: 2101 Federal liabilities: REFCORP and Affordable Housing Program ........................ Non-Federal liabilities: 2201 Accounts payable ................................ 2202 Interest payable .................................. 2203 Debt ..................................................... Other: 2207 Deposit funds and other borrowings ............................................ 2207 Other ............................................... 2999 Total liabilities .................................... NET POSITION: 3200 Invested capital ....................................... 1997 actual 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. 1,739 433 433 433 135,852 4,604 135,167 5,944 135,167 5,944 135,167 5,944 181,828 246,107 309,466 373,285 457 149 304 422 146 175 422 146 175 422 146 175 324,933 388,394 451,753 515,572 439 510 510 510 205 4,970 284,545 165 6,427 336,262 165 6,427 398,023 165 6,427 460,244 15,676 689 23,550 354 23,550 354 23,550 354 306,524 367,268 429,029 491,250 18,408 21,126 22,724 24,322 3999 Total net position ................................ 18,408 21,126 22,724 24,322 4999 Total liabilities and net position ............ 324,933 388,394 451,753 515,572 FINANCING CORPORATION The Financing Corporation (FICO) is a mixed-ownership government corporation, chartered by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board pursuant to the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation Recapitalization Act of 1987, as amended (the ‘‘Act’’). FICO’s sole purpose was to function as a financing vehicle for the FSLIC Resolution Fund, formerly the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC). FICO operates under the supervision and control of the Federal Housing Finance Board (the ‘‘Finance Board’’). Pursuant to the Act, FICO was authorized to issue debentures, bonds and other obligations subject to limitations contained in the Act, the net proceeds of which were to be used solely to purchase capital certificates issued by the FSLIC Resolution Fund, or to refund any previously issued obligations. The Resolution Trust Corporation Refinancing, Restructuring, and Improvement Act of 1991 terminated the FICO’s borrowing authority. The Act provided formulas pursuant to which the Federal Home Loan Banks made capital contributions to FICO at GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED ENTERPRISES the direction of the Finance Board for the purchase of FICO capital stock. FICO used the proceeds received from the sales of such capital stock to purchase non-interest bearing securities for deposit in a segregated account as required by the Act. The non-interest bearing securities held in the segregated account will be the primary source of repayment of the principal of the FICO obligations. Securities in the segregated account are kept separate from other FICO accounts and funds but are not specifically pledged as collateral for the payment of obligations. The primary source of payment of interest on the obligations is the receipt of assessments imposed on and collected from institutions’ accounts which are insured by the Bank Insurance Fund (the ‘‘BIF’’) and the Savings Association Insurance Fund (the ‘‘SAIF’’). Statement of Operations (in millions of dollars) 1997 actual 1998 actual 0101 0102 Revenue ................................................... Expense .................................................... 915 –795 926 –795 938 –795 1999 est. 2000 est. 0109 Net income .............................................. 120 131 143 156 Directorate comprised of the Director of the Office of Finance of the Federal Home Loan Banks and two members selected from among the presidents of the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks (‘‘the FHLBanks’’). Members of the Directorate serve without compensation, and REFCORP is not permitted to have any paid employees. FIRREA and the regulations adopted by the Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board and the Secretary of the Treasury provide formulas pursuant to which the Federal Home Loan Banks made capital contributions to REFCORP’s Principal Fund and continue to make interest payments on outstanding REFCORP obligations. FIRREA also provides that the U.S. Treasury cover any interest shortfall. Funds designated for the Principal Funds were used to purchase zero-coupon bonds. The zero-coupon bonds will be held in the Principal Fund and are the primary source of repayment of the principal of the obligations at maturity. 951 –795 Identification code 99–4033–0–3–373 ASSETS: Investments in US securities: 1102 Federal assets: Segregated accounts investment, net .............................. Other Federal assets: 1801 Cash, cash equivalents, and interest receivable ....................................... 1901 Other assets ........................................ 1997 actual 1998 actual 1999 est. 2000 est. 1997 actual 1998 actual Revenue ................................................... Expense .................................................... 2,940 –2,626 2,965 –2,626 2,995 –2,626 3,025 –2,626 0109 Net income .............................................. 314 339 369 399 Identification code 99–4029–0–3–373 1999 est. 2000 est. Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars) 1,475 1,606 1,749 1,905 266 12 266 11 266 11 266 10 Total assets ........................................ LIABILITIES: Non-Federal liabilities: 2202 Interest payable .................................. 2203 Debt ..................................................... 2207 Other ................................................... 1,753 1,884 2,026 2,181 236 8,144 69 236 8,145 67 236 8,146 65 236 8,147 63 2999 8,449 8,447 8,447 8,446 1999 Statement of Operations (in millions of dollars) 0101 0102 Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars) Identification code 99–4033–0–3–373 1237 BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM Total liabilities .................................... NET POSITION: 3100 FICO capital stock purchased by FHLBanks ............................................ Invested capital: 3200 FSLIC capital certificates ................... 3200 FSLIC nonvoting capital stock ............ 3300 Cumulative results of operations ............ 680 680 680 680 –7,568 –603 796 –7,568 –602 927 –7,568 –602 1,069 –7,568 –602 1,225 3999 Total net position ................................ –6,695 –6,563 –6,421 –6,265 4999 Total liabilities and net position ............ 1,754 1,884 2,026 2,181 Identification code 99–4029–0–3–373 ASSETS: Investments in US securities: 1102 Federal assets: Principal fund account investment, net .................... 1206 Non-Federal assets: Assessments receivable for interest expense .................... 1997 actual 1998 actual 4,168 4,504 1999 est. 4,868 2000 est. 5,263 888 888 881 881 Total assets ........................................ LIABILITIES: Non-Federal liabilities: 2202 Accrued interest payable on longterm obligations ............................. 2203 Debt ..................................................... 5,056 5,393 5,750 6,144 888 30,072 888 30,069 881 30,067 881 30,065 2999 30,960 30,957 30,948 30,945 2,513 2,513 2,513 2,513 –31,286 –31,286 –31,286 –31,286 1,057 1,813 1,056 2,153 1,056 2,519 1,056 2,916 1999 Total liabilities .................................... NET POSITION: 3100 Nonvoting capital stock issued to FHLBanks ............................................ Invested capital: 3200 RTC nonredeemable capital certificates ............................................... 3200 Contributed capital—principal fund assessments ................................... 3300 Cumulative results of operations ............ 3999 RESOLUTION FUNDING CORPORATION The Resolution Funding Corporation (the ‘‘REFCORP’’) is a mixed-ownership government corporation established by Title V of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 (FIRREA). The sole purpose of REFCORP was to provide financing for the Resolution Trust Corporation (the ‘‘RTC’’). Pursuant to FIRREA, REFCORP was authorized to issue debentures, bonds, and other obligations, subject to limitations contained in the Act and regulations established by the Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board. The proceeds of the debt (less any discount, plus any premium, net of issuance cost) were used solely to purchase nonredeemable capital certificates of the RTC or to refund any previously issued obligations. Until October 29, 1998, REFCORP was subject to the general oversight and direction of the Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board. At that time, the Oversight Board was abolished and its authority and duties were transferred to the Secretary of the Treasury. The day-to-day operations of REFCORP are under the management of a three-member Total net position ................................ –25,903 –25,564 –25,198 –24,801 4999 Total liabilities and net position ............ 5,057 5,393 5,750 6,144 BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM Program and Financing (in millions of dollars) Identification code 99–4450–0–3–803 1997 actual 1998 est. 1999 est. 09.01 09.02 09.03 09.04 Obligations by program activity: Monetary and economic policy ...................................... Services to financial institutions and the public ......... Supervision and regulation of financial institutions System policy direction and oversight .......................... 75 4 67 33 82 4 71 34 84 4 73 35 09.09 09.10 Subtotal: Board operating expenses ......................... Office of Inspector General operating expenses ........... 179 3 191 3 196 3 10.00 Total new obligations ................................................ 182 194 199 22.00 Budgetary resources available for obligation: New budget authority (gross) ........................................ 182 194 199 1238 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000 BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM—Continued Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)—Continued Identification code 99–4450–0–3–803 1997 actual 1998 est. 1999 est. 23.95 Total new obligations .................................................... ¥182 ¥194 ¥199 68.00 New budget authority (gross), detail: Spending authority from offsetting collections (gross): Offsetting collections (cash) ..................................... 182 194 199 26 182 ¥182 26 194 ¥194 26 199 ¥199 26 26 26 Change in unpaid obligations: Unpaid obligations, start of year: Obligated balance, start of year .............................................................. 73.10 Total new obligations .................................................... 73.20 Total outlays (gross) ...................................................... 74.40 Unpaid obligations, end of year: Obligated balance, end of year ................................................................ 72.40 86.97 86.98 Outlays (gross), detail: Outlays from new permanent authority ......................... Outlays from permanent balances ................................ 166 16 179 15 184 15 87.00 Total outlays (gross) ................................................. 182 194 exerting an influence over credit conditions and supervising the Federal Reserve banks and member banks. Financing.—Under the provisions of section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act, the Board of Governors levies upon the Federal Reserve banks, in proportion to their capital and surplus, an assessment sufficient to pay its estimated expenses. The Board, under the Act, determines and prescribes the manner in which its obligations are incurred and its expenses paid. Funds derived from assessments are deposited in the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, and the Act provides that such funds ‘‘shall not be construed to be Government funds or appropriated moneys.’’ No Government appropriation is required to support operations of the Board. The information presented pertains to Board operations only. Expenditures made on behalf of the Federal Reserve banks for production, issuance, retirement, and shipment of Federal Reserve notes are not included, since they are reimbursed in full by the Federal Reserve banks. 199 Object Classification (in millions of dollars) Identification code 99–4450–0–3–803 Offsets: Against gross budget authority and outlays: 88.40 Offsetting collections (cash) from: Non-Federal sources .................................................................. 89.00 90.00 ¥182 ¥194 ¥199 Net budget authority and outlays: Budget authority ............................................................ ................... ................... ................... Outlays ........................................................................... ................... ................... ................... The figures presented may differ from other Board financial material because they are prepared in accordance with OMB guidelines which vary from the Board’s budget and accounting procedures. The Federal Reserve System operates under the provisions of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, as amended, and other acts of Congress. Program.—To carry out its responsibilities under the Act, the Board determines general monetary, credit, and operating policies for the System as a whole and formulates the rules and regulations necessary to carry out the purposes of the Federal Reserve Act. The Board’s principal duties consist of 11.1 11.3 11.5 Reimbursable obligations: Personnel compensation: Full-time permanent ............................................. Other than full-time permanent ........................... Other personnel compensation ............................. 1997 actual 1998 est. 1999 est. 103 2 2 107 2 2 111 2 2 107 19 4 111 16 5 115 17 5 24.0 25.1 25.2 26.0 31.0 Total personnel compensation ......................... Civilian personnel benefits ....................................... Travel and transportation of persons ....................... Communications, utilities, and miscellaneous charges ................................................................. Printing and reproduction ......................................... Advisory and assistance services ............................. Other services ............................................................ Supplies and materials ............................................. Equipment ................................................................. 10 3 2 15 6 13 10 3 2 21 8 15 10 3 2 26 8 10 99.0 25.2 Subtotal, reimbursable obligations ...................... Allocation Account: Other services ................................ 179 3 191 3 196 3 99.9 Total new obligations ................................................ 182 194 199 11.9 12.1 21.0 23.3
@FedFRASER