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— 5drW »4

THE FEDERAL BUDGET

☆
☆
☆
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FISCAL YEAR 1952
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT

BUREAU OF THE BUDGET

I have presented a Budget to meet our country’s needs
in a period of danger.
We are building the military and economic strength
which alone has meaning to the men who control world
communism. This is the only realistic road to a world
peace based on justice and individual freedom.
H arry S. T rum an .
The Budget Message
January 15, 1951

THE FEDERAL BUDGET

IN BRIEF
FISCAL YEA R 1952
(July 1,1951-June 30,1952)

JA N U A R Y 1951

Executive O ffic e of the President
Bureau of the Budget

INTRODUCTION

Each January the President sends to the Congress the Budget of the United
States, which contains his recommendations for the financial program of the
Government in the coming year.
In his Budget, the President estimates how much money will be received
by the Government during the fiscal year, how much money will be needed
to carry out the Government’s programs, and the resulting surplus or deficit.
The estimated expenditures include the costs of new legislation which the
President proposes.
The Federal Budget in Brief, which was first published a year ago, sets
forth in simplified form the most important facts about the Budget. It out
lines the programs which make up the total Budget, indicates their cost, and
reviews the recent trends in Federal receipts and expenditures.
This issue summarizes the Budget which the President transmitted to the
Congress on January 15, 1951, for the fiscal year 1952. That fiscal year will
begin on July 1, 1951, and end on June 30, 1952.
On the basis of the President’s Budget, the Congress considers and enacts
appropriations and other authorizations for the fiscal year.
The Budget is subject to adjustment from the time it appears in January
until the close of the fiscal year 18 months later. It may be affected by
additional Presidential recommendations, by Congressional action raising
or lowering the authorizations requested by the President, and by the rate
at which the appropriated money is actually spent by the agencies.
In particular this year, estimates for military programs and for foreign
military and economic aid are to be considered tentative. The detailed
requests for these activities were not transmitted in the Budget, but will be
sent to the Congress in the spring after the programs have been more com
pletely developed.
2

CONTENTS

Introduction..............................................................................................
Budget Summary........................................................................................
Budget R eceipts—Summary....................................................................
Budget Expenditures—Summary...........................................................
Budget Expenditures by Function:
Military services.................................................................................
International security and foreign relations...................................
Finance, commerce, and industry....................................................
Labor....................................................................................................
Transportation and communication................................................
Natural resources................................................................................
Agriculture and agricultural resources............................................
Housing and community development...........................................
Education and general research.......................................................
Social security, welfare, and health.................................................
Veterans’ services and benefits.........................................................
General government...........................................................................
Interest.................................................................................................
Budget Expenditures as a Percentage ofN ational Income.........
Budget Expenditures per Capita........................................................
Appendixes..................................................................................................
A. Receipts from and Payments to thePublic................................
B. Budget Authorizations Related to Expenditures.....................
H istorical T ables:
Budget Receipts and Expenditures and Public Debt—Fiscal
Years 1915-52.................................................................................
Budget Expenditures by Function—FiscalYears 1943-52............
3

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8

10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
36
39
40
42
44
44

BUDGET S U M M A R Y

The Federal Budget for the fiscal
year 1952 is dominated by national
defense.
Total expenditures amount to 71.6
billion dollars, almost 80 percent
more than the Government spent in
the year ending June 30, 1950.
That year ended just as the first
communist attack in Korea com
pelled the Nation to embark on its
current program of swift expansion
of the national defense.
In his Budget Message, the Presi
dent referred to the sharp increase in
Budget expenditures as “one measure
of the vast new responsibilities thrust
upon the American people by the
communist assaults upon freedom in
Asia and the threats to freedom in
other parts of the world.”
Most of the rise in expenditures is
to expand the Armed Forces of the
United States and provide military
aid to other free countries. Other
increases are for the atomic energy
program and for new defense pro
grams—including those to expand
defense production, to apply eco
nomic controls, to organize civil
defense against enemy attack, to pro
vide housing in defense areas, and
to move key Government agencies to
dispersal sites outside of Washington.
4

Aside from these national security
activities, the Budget shows a de
crease from expenditures being made
in the fiscal year 1951.
Under present tax laws, Budget
receipts in the fiscal year 1952 are
estimated at 55.1 billion dollars.
This is more than 10 billion dollars
above estimated collections in 1951.
It reflects record-breaking levels of
production and national income,
as well as the increased tax rates
enacted by the last session of Con
gress.
Despite the very high level of
Budget receipts, a deficit of 16.5
billion dollars is estimated for the
fiscal year 1952 if no new tax legisla
tion is enacted. The President stated
that such a large deficit posed a
threat to our economic stability and
to the success of the defense effort.
He therefore recommended that
taxes be increased to bring the
Budget into balance.
N ote .—Several important Federal programs are operated
through trust funds, with the Government acting as a
trustee. The receipts of these funds consist primarily of
special taxes, such as the payroll taxes for old-age and unem
ployment insurance, or of premiums paid in, as in the case
of the veterans’ life insurance.
Neither the receipts of these funds nor the benefits or
dividends paid from them are included in Budget receipts
and expenditures.
The major trust funds are referred to below in discussion
of related programs. A financial summary including trust
fund transactions is presented on page 40.

BUDGET RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES

SURPLUS OR DEFICIT
Billions of D ollars

F is c a I Y e a r s

IOO

BUDGET RECEIPTS
SUMMARY

Present tax laws are estimated to
provide 55.1 billion dollars in receipts
during the fiscal year 1952. Al
though this is an all-time high in
Budget receipts, it is still 23 percent
under the estimated level of expendi
tures.
The President stated that at this
time sound public finance and fiscal
policy require that we balance the
Budget, and added that he would
soon recommend new revenue legis
lation to the Congress.
Under existing legislation, direct
taxes on individuals in the fiscal year
1952 are estimated at 24.5 billion
dollars, and direct taxes on corpora
tions at 19.6 billion dollars. In
creases in these two categories ac
count for all of the increase of Budget
receipts in 1952 over 1951.
They result from two factors: (a)
The tax legislation enacted during
6

the last 6 months is more fully re
flected in receipts in 1952; (b) total
personal income and corporation
profits are expected to rise because
of the increased employment and
production required by the defense
program.
Excise taxes, the third largest
source of budget receipts, are ex
pected to provide 8.2 billion dollars
of revenue in 1952. This represents
15 percent of the estimated total of
1952 budget receipts under existing
legislation. In 1950, about 20 per
cent of Federal receipts were derived
from this source.
Although collections from most
excise taxes are expected to rise,
some decline is anticipated in re
ceipts from taxes on consumer durable
goods where industrial capacity and
materials are being diverted to
defense production.

BUDGET RECEIPTS

SUMMARY

W h e re the M o n e y W i l l C om e From in 7 9 5 2

5.0

Billions of D ollars

15.0

10.0

25.0

2 0 .0
~T~

Direct Taxes on Individuals

Direct Taxes or. Corporations

Excise Taxes— Retailers and Miscellaneous

Excise Taxes— Manufacturers
Note: Receipts exclude new tax proposals
and are shown after deduction of refunds.

Excise Taxes— Tobacco

Customs and Other Receipts

Total Budget Receipts
Fiscal Y e a r

1952
1951
1950

Billions

CUSTOMS and OTHER RECEIPTS

Est. $55.1
Est.

44.5
37.0

1949

38.2

1948

42.2

1945

44.8

-5 %

Direct Taxes on IN D IV ID U A LS r ™ * ™
EXCISE TAXES

44%

Direct Taxes on
CORPORATIONS
36%

1952 Estimate

BUDGET EXPENDITURES
SUM M ARY

In the fiscal year 1952, the military
services and international programs
will cost 48.9 billion dollars. These
expenditures, which are entirely de
voted to building our own strength
and that of other free countries in the
struggle against communism, repre
sent 68 percent of the 1952 Budget.
They exceed the total expenditures
of the Government in every year
since 1946.
Two other large categories of
Budget expenditure arise almost
wholly from past wars in which the
country has engaged. The first is in
terest payments, which will amount
to 5.9 billion dollars in the fiscal year
1952. About 80 percent of this
amount is for interest on the heavy
borrowing required to finance World
War II. The second category is vet
erans’ services and benefits, estimated
to cost 4.9 billion dollars in 1952.
Together, these two categories make
up 15 percent of the Budget.
All other programs will require
11.9 billion dollars in 1952, 17 per
cent of the Budget. These programs
include many activities which con
tribute directly to the national secu
rity. For example, the promotion of
defense production and economic
stabilization (classified under finance,
commerce, and industry) will cost
8

1.4 billion dollars in 1952, and the
development of atomic energy (in
cluded under natural resources) will
require 1.3 billion dollars.
In addition, the remaining activi
ties of the Government are being
redirected to support the defense
effort. For example, many of the
Government’s river development
projects are increasing the supply of
power for atomic energy and defense
plants; and the employment services
will be more and more directed to
servicing defense industries.
Many programs which in normal
times would be highly desirable are
being cut back—for example, the
rural electrification and telephone
programs, and reclamation and flood
control projects other than those
which provide substantial power for
defense industry. Programs to assist
in providing housing in defense areas
will be stepped up, but other housing
programs will be sharply curtailed.
The following pages discuss the
varied programs of the Government
classified according to the broad pur
poses or functions which they serve.
The estimated expenditures for these
programs in 1952 include the costs
of new legislation which the President
proposed in his Budget.

BUDGET EXPENDITURES

SUMMARY

W h e re the M o n e y W i l l G o in 7 9 5 2

Billions of D ollars

INTEREST

1952 Est.
1951 Est.
1950
1949
1948
1945

$71.6
47.2

VETERANS 7%

10%

IN TE R N A TIO N A L

40.1

40.0

M ILITARY SERVICES
58%

33.8
98.7
1952 BUDGET

922972 0 -5 1 — 2

M IL IT A R Y SERVICES

Expenditures for military services
are estimated at 41.4 billion dollars
during the fiscal year 1952—more
than three times the level that pre
vailed in the years immediately pre
ceding the communist attacks in
Korea.
Although the military expansion
program was launched at the begin
ning of the fiscal year 1951, expendi
tures for this year are estimated at
about half the 1952 total, or 21 billion
dollars. The relatively low figure
in 1951 reflects the time lag between
the placing of orders for airplanes,
tanks, and other military equipment,
and the actual payment for the de
livered items. The Congress has al
ready made available for military
services this fiscal year a total of
44.2 billion dollars and procurement
orders are being placed, but a very
large part of the money will not
actually be spent until the fiscal
year 1952 or later.
Six months ago our active mili
tary strength numbered less than
1,500,000 men and women. It is
now being rapidly expanded to
nearly 3,500,000. As part of this
current expansion, the number of
active Army units will lie more than
doubled, to an equivalent of about
10

24 divisions. The Navy will have an
active fleet more than 50 percent
larger than a year ago. Two full
Marine divisions plus additional units
will be maintained. The Air Force
structure is being increased from
48 to 84 wings and others will be
added.
In addition to equipping and main
taining the active forces, the military
Budget also provides for buying re
serves of equipment, for setting up
training camps big enough to handle
larger active forces if necessary, for
increasing the strength and the de
gree of readiness of the Reserve
organizations, and for substantially
expanding military research and
development.
In order to be better prepared for
full mobilization if that becomes
necessary, military orders are being
spread among many suppliers, and
industrial capacity is being devel
oped beyond the requirements of
our immediate procurement sched
ules. Moreover, large quantities of
scarce materials are being stockpiled
for possible future need. Expendi
tures for stockpiling in the fiscal
years 1951 and 1952 are estimated
at 900 million dollars and 1.3 billion
dollars, respectively.

MILITARY SERVICES
E xpenditures fo r Fiscal Y ears

Expenditures
iscal Y e a r

1952
1951
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
1945

E st.
E st.

Billions of D ollars

MILITARY SERVICES

Billions

$41.4
21.0
12.3
11.9
11.0
14.3
45.1
84.6

% of B ucket

57.9
44.5
30.6
29.7
32.4
36.4
74.4
85.7

PERCENT OF 1952 BUDGET

IN T E R N A T IO N A L SECURITY A N D FOREIGN RELATIONS

The Budget proposes an expanded
international program to help achieve
a rapid build-up of the free world’s
defensive strength. This program
includes large-scale military and
economic assistance to friendly na
tions.
Total expenditures on interna
tional programs are estimated at 7.5
billion dollars in the fiscal year 1952,
of which more than half will be for
the purpose of supplying military
equipment to help arm the expand
ing military forces of other free
nations.
The program of assistance to Eu
rope will be directed primarily to
ward helping our European allies en
large the mutual defense forces, rather
than toward the general economic
expansion which has been the main
objective of our aid program in recent
years. Assistance provided in the
fiscal year 1952 will include large
quantities of modern military equip
ment, and also machine tools, ma
terials, and other supplies which the
European nations will require to
move rapidly toward defensive readi
ness. As an illustration of the vital
importance to us of helping to build
defensive strength in Europe, the
President’s Message pointed out that
if the Soviet rulers conquered West
ern Europe, the industrial power in
their hands would be more than
doubled.
The President emphasized that the
progress made to date under the
12

European Recovery Program now
provides a firm foundation upon
which the European nations can base
their expanded defense effort. In
order to build their defenses, the
European people, like the American
people, will now get along with
fewer consumer goods, pay higher
taxes, and serve in the armed forces
in greater numbers.
The Budget also provides for sup
plying military equipment to certain
non-European nations, especially in
Asia. In addition, economic assist
ance under the Point IV program
will be provided to certain countries
in Asia, the Middle East, Africa,
and Latin America to help these
countries meet their most urgent eco
nomic problems and thereby increase
their strength and determination as
members of the free world com
munity. Assistance to these nations
will include technical assistance,
grants, and loans. These programs
will contribute substantially to ex
panding the production of scarce
materials needed for mutual defense.
Expenditures for the Voice of
America and other information and
education programs of the Depart
ment of State are estimated at 166
million dollars, almost three times
the level of fiscal year 1951. These
programs will help carry the truth
about the present international situ
ation to people in all parts of the
world, including those behind the
“iron curtain.”

INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND FOREIGN RELATIONS
E xpenditures fo r F iscal Y ears

Expenditures
Fiscal Y e a r

1952
1951
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
1945

Es».
E st.

M illio n s of D ollars

5,000

7,500

INTERNATIONAL SECURITY A ND FOREIGN RELATIONS

M illio n s

57,461
4,726
4,803
6,458
4,780
6,542
1,462
677

2,5 0 0

% of Budget

10.4
10.0
12.0
16.1
14.1
16.7
2.4
.7

PERCENT OF 1952 BUDGET

linr
■I

■

' **

FIN A N C E, COMMERCE, A N D INDUSTRY

During the present emergency, the
finance, commerce, and industry pro
grams of the Federal Government are
being directed primarily toward ex
panding defense production and pre
venting inflation.
The Government is moving on a
broad front to increase the output of
existing plants and facilities as well
as to expand capacity. For the most
part, private business will build the
plants necessary to produce equip
ment for the Army, Navy, and Air
Force. Where necessary, the Gov
ernment is helping by making loans,
entering into long-term procurement
contracts, investing in Governmentowned equipment for lease to pri
vate contractors, and granting special
tax concessions for new defense
plants.
Controls over the use of some criti
cal materials have already been set
up to help divert these materials to
military production and to make
them available for sto c k p ilin g .
Other materials will undoubtedly
have to be covered later.
14

Controls over exports are being ex
panded to prevent, the drain abroad
of critical materials and to help direct
the flow of exports to countries co
operating in mutual defense.
An organization is being built to
administer price and wage controls
as these become necessary.
Federal rent controls still remain in
effect on about 7 million rental units.
The President has recommended ex
tending and strengthening the rent
control law, particularly because ex
pansion of defense production and
reopening of military installations
will aggravate the housing shortage
in many places.
The Reconstruction Finance Cor
poration is placing primary empha
sis on loans to aid the defense pro
gram. To limit inflationary credit
expansion, loans for nondefense pur
poses have been sharply curtailed.
Business loans approved during the
current fiscal year will be about 50
percent below last year.
Other expenditures in this category
include the continuing programs of
the Government to promote effective,
competition and to aid business.

FINANCE. COMMERCE, AND INDUSTRY
W h e re the M o n e y W il l G o in 7 9 5 2

Total Expenditures
Fiscal Y e a r

M illio n s

200

400

800

1,000

M illio ns of Dollars

1,200

FINANCE, COMMERCE, A N D INDUSTRY
% of Budset

1952

E st.

$1,524

2.1

1951

Est.

368

1950

227

1949

120

.6
.3

1948

1945

106

600

PERCENT OF 1952 BUDGET

LABOR

Federal labor programs assist in
the recruitment and training of
workers and help to prevent losses of
production caused by accidents, dis
putes, or poor working conditions.
These activities now make up a large
part of the defense manpower pro
gram.
The largest expenditures in the
labor field are grants to pay for ad
ministration of the Federal-State sys
tem of public employment offices and
unemployment compensation. State
employment services, which filled
14,500,000 jobs last year, will have
a larger task next year in recruiting
workers for defense industry and for
our basic civilian economy. The
work of handling unemployment in
surance claims, on the other hand,
will continue to decrease because of
higher employment.
The Department of Labor pro
motes two kinds of on-the-job train
ing by employers—apprenticeship
training for skilled craftsmen and
more rapid training for production
workers and supervisors. The latter
program is just being' started. Reg
istered apprenticeship programs en
rolled 215,000 men at the end of
the fiscal year 1950.
The Federal Government helps
16

States to plan special industrial
safety campaigns and to train safety
inspectors. It also inspects coal
mines for safety, and enforces laws
on minimum wages, child labor, and
wages and hours for Government
contractors.
The Federal Mediation and Con
ciliation Service and the National
Mediation Board (for railroads and
airlines) help labor and manage
ment settle disputes in interstate
industries. The National Labor Re
lations Board determines through
elections the employees’ choice of
unions to represent them and inves
tigates and acts on complaints of
unfair labor practices of unions or
employers.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics
prepares and publishes information
on such subjects as the cost of liv
ing, employment, and productivity.
This information is used in wage
negotiations and in planning eco
nomic stabilization and mobilization
programs.
N ote .—Unemployment compensation benefits are paid
from the unemployment trust fund to which employers pay
taxes. Transactions of this fund are not included in Budget receipts and expenditures.
In the fiscal year 1952, receipts of the unemployment
trust fund are estimated at 1.5 billion dollar^ and expendi
tures at about half that amount. The balance in the fund
at the end of the year will be 8.6 billion dollars.

LABOR

Mediation and Regulation of Labor Relations

Labor Information, Statistics, and General Administration

Total Expenditures
Fiscal Y e a r

M illio n s

LABOR
% of Budget

1952

Es».

$215

1951

E st.

212

.3
.4

263

1949

193

1948

183
204

.5
.5

1950

1945

PERCENT OF 1952 BUDGET

TR A N S PO R TA TIO N A N D C O M M U N IC A T IO N

Federal programs which assist in
the development of the Nation’s
communication and transportation
services are now being adapted to the
needs of the national emergency.
Federal grants help State govern
ments finance the construction of
improved highways. These grants
are 85 percent of all Federal expendi
tures for highways. In 1952 primary
emphasis is being placed upon roads
particularly important for defense.
Besides operating navigation aids
and enforcing maritime laws, the
Coast Guard has recently been given
responsibility for preventing sabotage
on vessels and in ports. An esti
mated 200 million dollars will be
spent in 1952 for all Coast Guard
activities.
River and harbor improvements
of the Corps of Engineers include
some dams which provide electric
power. The 1952 Budget proposes
to increase expenditures for power
projects which will serve defense
production. Other projects have
been suspended or substantially cur
tailed. Expenditures in 1952 are
estimated at 157 million dollars for
construction, and 60 million dollars
for maintenance, operation, and
administration. The Budget also
includes net expenditures of 8 million
dollars for the Panama Canal Com
pany.
18

Most of the expenditures for the
merchant marine in 1952 will be for
the construction of fast cargo vessels
designed to meet shipping needs for
national security. This emergency
construction will supplement the
Government’s long-range program
of maintaining an active merchant
marine through subsidies which are
designed to offset lower foreign costs.
The Civil Aeronautics Administra
tion provides navigation and landing
aids for safe operation of both civil
and military aircraft, and controls
the movement of air traffic from the
standpoint of safety and the needs of
air defense. It also provides grants
to States and municipalities for the
development of airports.
The postal deficit for 1952, with
existing postal rates, is estimated at
521 million dollars. This large defi
cit will occur despite an increase of
10 percent since the end of World
War II in the hourly output of
postal employees. It reflects steady
increases in wage, transportation,
and other costs, without correspond
ing increases in postal rates. The
President has proposed that legisla
tion be enacted to increase postal
receipts by about 361 million dollars
annually. The remaining deficit
would represent those costs, such as
airline subsidies and Government
mail, which are appropriately paid
out of general tax revenues.

TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION
W h e re the M o n e y W i l l G o in 1 9 5 2
200

400

M illio ns of D ollars

600

Postal Deficit (Assuming recommended postal rate increases)

Regulatory and Othei

Total Expenditures
Fiscal Y e a r

M illio n s

TRANSPORTATION A ND COM M UNICATIO N
% of Budget

1952 Est. $1,685

2.4

1951 Est.
1950

1,970
1,752

4.2
4.4

1949

1,622

4.0

1948

1,224

3.6

1945

3,367

3.4

PERCENT OF 1952 BUDGET

'C-'
> :$ : ,
19

N A T U R A L RESOURCES

The natural resources programs of
the Government are devoted to the
use and conservation of our land,
forest, water, mineral, electric power,
and atomic energy resources. These
programs are basic to the current
defense expansion as they were to
the military output in World War II.
The atomic energy program ac
counts for more than half of all
expenditures in the fiscal year 1952
for natural resource development,
and is mainly responsible for the
increase of 402 million dollars over
the total for the fiscal year 1951.
The Budget provides for expanding
our capacity to produce atomic mate
rials and weapons. It also provides
for increased production in existing
plants; development of new and
improved weapons; and further prog
ress in developing nuclear reactors,
including those for producing fission
able material, for generating power,
and for propelling ships and aircraft.
At the same time, the industrial,
medical, and other uses of atomic
energy are being actively explored.
In the fiscal year 1952, expendi
tures for flood control and reclama
20

tion projects which will provide sub
stantial power are generally being
stepped up, and new projects are
recommended where needed to in
crease power supply for defense
needs. Other projects, though de
sirable for the long-range growth of
the country, have been curtailed or
deferred to lessen demands on mate
rials and manpower, and total ex
penditures for these purposes are
estimated at 141 million dollars less
than in the fiscal year 1951.
Federal programs for discovery of
new mineral deposits and for pro
moting the development, conser
vation, and use of existing mineral
reserves are being accelerated in the
fiscal year 1952 to help meet the
requirements of military production.
Topographic surveys and water re
sources investigations, which provide
basic data for planning of industrial
and defense projects as well as longrange development, will also expand.
Other natural resources programs
provide for the use and conservation
of the national forests, public domain,
Indian lands, national parks, and
fish and wildlife resources.

NATURAL RESOURCES
W h e re the M o n e y W i l l G o in 7 9 5 2

Total Expenditures
M illio n s

Fiscal Y e a r

1952

Est

1951

E st.

500

1,500

NATURAL RESOURCES

3.5
4.5

1950

2,117
1,554

1949

1,512

3.8

1948

1,099

3.3

1945

243

M illio n s o f D ollars

% of Budget

$2,519

1,000

3.9

.v, >

A
H

PERCENT
OF 1952 BUDGET
P
,/-V

AGRICULTURE A N D AG RICULTU RAL RESOURCES

Federal agricultural programs are
designed to help farmers produce
more efficiently, to conserve soil
resources, to support farm prices
and income, and in various other
ways to improve living conditions on
the farm. Farm programs are now
being redirected to help obtain more
of the products we need most, such
as cotton, wheat, corn, and meat.
Except for price supports, expendi
tures for farm programs will decline
in the fiscal year 1952.
Expenditures to support farm
prices vary greatly from year to year
depending on general economic con
ditions and the amount of farm pro
duction. Net price support outlays
by the Commodity Credit Corpora
tion are estimated at 238 million
dollars in the fiscal year 1952, com
pared to net receipts of 296 million
dollars in 1951. This year’s net
receipts result mainly from sale of
3,500,000 bales of cotton acquired
in earlier years. Expenditures to
support farm prices and farm income
are also made under the Interna
tional Wheat Agreement, the Sugar
Act of 1948, and the program for
removal of surplus agricultural com
modities from the market.
The Department of Agriculture
helps farmers employ sound farm
22

management practices and protect
soil resources by giving them tech
nical advice and assistance. The
Department also makes payments for
contour cultivation, terracing, appli
cation of fertilizers, and other con
servation measures. In addition, up
stream flood-control work is under
taken on both private and Federal
lands. Expenditures for all of these
programs will be 367 million dollars
in the fiscal year 1952.
The number of farms with electric
service has increased from 48 percent
in 1945 to over 86 percent at present.
Loans for rural electrification and
for the rural telephone program ini
tiated last year are being cut to con
serve aluminum, copper, and other
materials.
Through the loan programs of the
Farmers Home Administration and
the agricultural credit corporations
supervised by the Farm Credit Ad
ministration, the Department of
Agriculture helps finance farm opera
tions and encourages farm owner
ship. The Department also aids
farmers by basic research on produc
tion and marketing problems, by
control of insects and plant and
animal diseases, and by grants to
States for cooperative extension work.

AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES
W h e re the M o n e y W i l l G o in 1 9 5 2

M illio n s of D ollars

2 00 '

Total Expenditures
Fiscal Y e a r

M illio ns

400

600

AGRICULTURE A N D AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES

% of Budget

H O U S IN G A N D C O M M U N IT Y DEVELOPM ENT

Federal housing and community
development programs primarily in
volve credit assistance to private
borrowers and local public agencies.
Most of these programs are now
being curtailed to save materials
needed for defense production. This
will sharply reduce new loans in
1952, while repayments of old loans
are expected to increase. As a
result, even with new defense pro
grams, the receipts from these pro
grams will exceed expenditures by
102 million dollars.
The newly created Federal Civil
Defense Administration will make
grants to States to cover half the
cost of constructing shelters and other
civil defense facilities. It will also
help build up reserves of medical and
other supplies, and will assist States
and localities in organizing and train
ing civil defense workers.
The President has recommended a
new program to help provide suffi
cient housing and adequate com
munity services—such as schools
and water systems—for areas which
24

have a heavy increase in defense
workers or military personnel. The
housing program would be accom
plished by insuring loans for private
housing, with emergency authority
for direct Federal construction.
Higher down payments and other
controls on private housing credit will
cut new housing construction by
more than a third below last year.
In the fiscal year 1952, the Federal
National Mortgage Association ex
pects to sell 530 million dollars more
of mortgages than it buys. Most
other Federal credit programs to
aid private housing will also show
receipts in excess of expenditures.
Under the existing low-rent public
housing program, local housing au
thorities will start construction of
75,000 new units in 1952. Gener
ally, projects will be built in defense
areas and defense workers and mili
tary personnel will have preference as
tenants. A large share of the pre
vious Federal loans will be repaid in
1952, causing a substantial excess of
receipts over expenditures.

HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
W h e re the M o n e y W il l G o in 7 9 5 2

600

Total Expenditures

922972 0 - 51— 4

300

M illio n s of D ollars

600

HOUSING A ND C O M M U N ITY DEVELOPMENT

ED U C A TIO N A N D GENERAL RESEARCH

Most of the education and research
activities of the Federal Government
are for purposes closely related to
other governmental activities and are
therefore included elsewhere in this
booklet. Examples are educational
benefits for veterans, scholarship
programs of the State and Navy
Departments, the Agricultural Ex
tension Service, and the research
activities of the Departments of
Defense and the Atomic Energy
Commission.
In the category of education and
general research, a proposed new
program of Federal grants to assist
the States in improving elementary
and secondary education accounts for
more than half of the expenditures
for the fiscal year 1952 and most of
the increase over 1951.
Apart from the proposed general
aid for schools, the Federal Govern
ment provides assistance for the
construction and operation of ele
mentary and secondary schools in
those localities where special needs
arise as a result of Federal Govern
ment activities.
26

Other activities to promote educa
tion include a long-established pro
gram of grants to aid the States in
providing vocational training to some
3,000,000 young people and adults.
The President has recommended
that part of the vocational education
appropriation be used in the fiscal
year 1952 for special programs to
train workers for defense and essen
tial civilian production.
General libraries and museums
supported by the Federal Govern
ment include the Library of Con
gress, the Smithsonian Institution,
the National Gallery of Art, and the
Botanic Gardens. Specialized librar
ies and museums are operated as a
part of other functions.
In the field of general research,
creation last year of the National
Science Foundation provides the
basis for achieving a better balance
in research programs and assuring
continued progress in basic scientific
research.
As work on the census of 1950
nears completion, expenditures for
general-purpose research (which in
cludes the census) will decrease.

EDUCATION AND GENERAL RESEARCH
W h e re the M o n e y W il l G o in 7 9 5 2

M illio n s of D ollars

200

I 00

~T~

300

-------- 1-------: 290

General A id — Elementary and Secondary School Operating Expenses

106
A id to Schools in Special Areas

ftb JS H H H H S 4 3
Other Activities Promoting Education

General-purpose Research

Total Expenditures
Fiscal Y e a r

M illio n s

EDUCATION A ND GENERAL RESEARCH
% of Bucket

1952 Est.

$483

1951 Est.

143

1950

114

1949

1948

70
63

1945

150

PERCENT OF 1952 BUDGET

S O C IA L SECURITY, WELFARE, A N D H EA LTH

Federal Budget expenditures to
promote social security, welfare, and
health are predominantly in the
form of grants to States to help them
provide public assistance, public
health services, school lunches, and
vocational rehabilitation services.
The Federal-State public assistance
program assists the needy aged,
dependent children, the blind, and,
since last October, the permanently
and totally disabled. More than
4,000,000 people in need, most of
them aged persons, are expected to
receive public assistance in 1952. In
the future, the number should de
cline because more of the aged will
qualify for benefits under the old-age
and survivors insurance program,
which is operated through a trust
fund. This program was broadened
in 1950 to cover about 10 million
additional people.
The Government operates a sep
arate insurance system for railroad
workers, providing survivorship, dis
ability, and retirement benefits, and
financed by payroll taxes on both
employees and employers. The
transfer of these collections to the
special trust fund appears as a
Budget expenditure.
Expenditures to promote public
health include grants to States for
28

such activities as hospital construc
tion, maternal and child health pro
grams, and control and prevention
of tuberculosis, venereal disease,
cancer, mental illnesses, and heart
ailments. Direct Federal activities
are primarily for medical research
and for Public Health Service hos
pitals.
Expenditures for crime control and
correction are mainly for the Federal
Bureau of Investigation, but they
include also the costs of the Federal
prison and probation systems, the
United States district attorneys and
marshals, the Secret Service, and
narcotics control activities.
Federal grants help the States to
provide low-priced lunches for about
7,000,000 school children.
Other expenditures are principally
for services to Indians and for com
pensation payments to injured Gov
ernment employees or the families of
those killed on the job.
N ote .—Payroll taxes and other receipts of the old-age and
survivors insurance trust fund are expected to be 4.1 billion
dollars in the fiscal year 1952, with benefits estimated at
2.1 billion dollars. The balance in the fund will be 16.4
billion dollars at the end of the fiscal year.
Receipts of the railroad retirement trust fund are esti
mated at 721 million dollars (including 75 million dollars of
interest on investments), benefit payments at 345 million
dollars, and the balance at the end of the year, 2.8 billion
dollars.
Receipts of and payments from these trust funds are not
counted as Budget receipts or expenditures.

SOCIAL SECURITY, WELFARE, AND HEALTH
W h e re the M o n e y W il l G o in 7 9 5 2

M illio n s of D ollars

500

1500

IO OO

1,302
Public Assistance (Payments to States to aid the needy)

646
Railroad Retirement— Payments to Trust Account

36 0
Promotion of Public Health

ggggg 106
Crime Control and Correction

H 83
School Lunch Program

108
A ll Othe

Total Expenditures
Fiscal Y e a r

M illio n s

SOCIAL SECURITY, WELFARE, A ND HEALTH
% oF Bucket

1952 Est. (2 ,6 2 5
1951 Est.

2,520

, 1950

2,213

1949

1,907

1945

1,046

PERCENT OF 1952 BUDGET

VETERANS’ SERVICES A N D BENEFITS

In the fiscal year 1952, Federal
services and benefits for veterans are
expected to continue their decline
from postwar peaks. Expenditures
will be 835 million dollars less than
in 1951, mainly because of a further
decline in the needs of World War II
veterans for help in adjusting to
civilian life through educational
benefits, loan guarantees, and other
aids.
Estimated expenditures for vet
erans’ programs take account of
needs arising from the military action
in Korea and the build-up of the
Armed Forces. Legislation was en
acted late in 1950 to meet the spe
cial rehabilitation needs of veterans
wounded in Korea. Compensation
is being paid in cases of injury or
death resulting from current military
activities. New veterans are eligible
for medical care in veterans’ hos
pitals.
On the average, 3,168,000 indi
viduals or families are expected to
receive veterans’ compensation or
pension payments during the fiscal
year 1952. This is 113,000 more
than in 1951.
Average enrollment for education
and training in the fiscal year 1952 is
30

estimated at about 1 million students,
600,000 below the 1951 level. By
the end of 1952, more than 7,500,000
veterans will have received education
and training benefits. Total expen
ditures will have been 13.9 billion
dollars. Other readjustment bene
fits in 1952 will be largely the pay
ment of part of the first year’s
in te re st on Government-guaran
teed loans for homes, farms, and
businesses.
Expenditures for veterans’ hos
pitals and medical care are chiefly
for current expenses but include 155
million dollars for building and
improving hospital facilities under
the current program.
Budget expenditures, as distinct
from trust fund expenditures, for
life insurance programs for service
men and veterans are mainly the
costs of administration and pay
ments on account of deaths traceable
to extra hazards of military service.
N ote .—Veterans of the two World Wars and present
servicemen continue to hold about 6,500,(XX) life insurance
policies issued by the Government.
Receipts of the insurance trust funds in 1952 are esti
mated at 786 million dollars and expenditures at 1.1 billion
dollars, with half of the expenditures representing dividends
to policyholders. Balances in these funds will total 6.4
billion dollars at the end of the fiscal year.
The trust fund transactions are not included in the
Budget totals.

VETERANS SERVICES AND BENEFITS
W h e re the M o n e y W il l G o in 7 9 5 2

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

M illio n s of Dollars

2,500

2 ,2 2 3

230
Other Services and Administration

Total Expenditures
Fiscal Y e a r

M illio ns

VETERANS’ SERVICES A N D BENEFITS
% of Budget

1952

E st.

$4,911

1951

E st.

5,746

12.2

6,627

16.5

1949

6,668

1948

6,566
2,094

16.6
19.4

1950

1945

6.9

2.1

PERCENT OF 1952 BUDGET

G EN ER A L G O V E R N M E N T

The general government classifi
cation includes those activities
which serve more than one of the
major program areas into which
Budget expenditures are divided.
Besides the costs of certain general
activities of the executive branch,
this classification includes most of
the costs of the legislative and
judicial branches.
The Bureau of Internal Revenue
processes tens of millions of tax re
turns annually in collecting more
than a dozen types of taxes. Other
financial management duties of the
Treasury Department include admin
istration of the public debt, collection
of customs, manufacture of coins, and
printing of money. Federal accounts
are audited by the General Account
ing Office.
Approximately 1,500,000 Govern
ment employees are members of a
general retirement system to which
both they and the Government, as
the employer, contribute. The Gov
ernment’s contribution in the fiscal
year 1952 is estimated at 320 million
d ollars, as shown on the accompany
ing chart. Most new employees
added during the current emergency,
32

as well as other temporary employees
of the Government, are not in the
civil service retirement system but
instead are covered by old-age and
survivors insurance under the social
security system, to which individual
Federal agencies pay the employers’
payroll tax.
As the central property and records
management agency of the Federal
Government, the General Services
Administration purchases and stores
supplies, operates Federal Govern
ment buildings, and operates the
National Archives. The Govern
ment Printing Office is the largest
printing establishment in the world.
The Civil Service Commission is the
central personnel agency of the
Government.
To minimize disruption of the
National Government headquarters
in event of enemy attack, the
President has recommended a pro
gram for the dispersal of some of the
Government offices now located in
the District of Columbia. It is esti
mated that 164 million dollars will
be required in 1952 to provide
buildings at the new sites.

GENERAL GOVERNMENT
W h e re the M o n e y W il l G o in 7 9 5 2

100

M illio n s of Dollars

300

200

400

427
Executive Direction, Tax Collection and Financial Management

320
Payment Toward Civilian Employees' Retirement Fund

205
Property Management and Other Central Services

164
Dispersal of Government Facilities

Legislative and Judicial Functions

162
Weather Bureau, Immigration Control, and Othe

Total Expenditures
iscal Y e a r

M illio ns

GENERAL GOVERNMENT
% of Budget

1952

Est .

$1,351

1.9

1951

E st .

1,252

2.7

1950

1,108

2.8

1949

1,081

2.7

1948

1,440

4.3

1945

917

''" V "

PERCENT OF 1952 BUDGET

INTEREST

Interest payments are fixed obliga
tions of the Federal Government.
Most of the total expenditures for
interest result from the fivefold in
crease in the public debt that took
place in World War II. The public
debt will be about 260 billion dollars
on June 30, 1951.
Over one-half the total interest is
paid on marketable obligations, to
such investors as insurance companies
and banks.
Interest on savings bonds amounts
to more than a quarter of the total.
These bonds are held by about 40
percent of all American families.
For the most part, interest on savings
bonds is included in Budget expendi
tures as it accrues. Most of the
34

bonds now outstanding were bought
during World War II, and hence are
now reaching the stage at which
interest accrues most rapidly. This
is one major reason for the continuing
increase in interest expenditures.
Most of the remaining interest is
paid on special obligations issued to
trust funds and other Government
agencies. The interest payments help
to build up the reserve necessary to
meet the larger future benefit pay
ments. Since receipts of most of
these trust funds are larger than
expenditures, additional investments
are made each year, with corre
sponding increases in interest pay
ments by the Treasury.

INTEREST
W H E R E the M o n e y W il l G o in 1 9 5 2

Total Expenditures

1945

3,661

1.0

2.0

Billions of D ollars

3.0

INTEREST

3.7

PERCENT OF 1952 BUDGET

^Includes approxim ately $225 million resulting from change in reporting methods.

BUDGET EXPENDITURES
A S A PERCENTAGE O F N A T IO N A L IN C O M E

Federal Budget expenditures for
the fiscal year 1952 are estimated at
more than one-quarter of the na
tional income. This compares with
slightly over one-half of the national
income spent by the Government in
1945, the year of peak World War II
expenditures. On the other hand,
Federal spending during the fiscal
year 1939 amounted to only about
one-eighth of the national income.

The military services, the largest
single item in the 1952 Budget, will
require an estimated 15 percent of the
national income. Expenditures for
these purposes were only about 5 per
cent of the national income during
each of the years 1948, 1949, and
1950. In 1945, they were almost 45
percent of the national income. In
the prewar year of 1939 the compara
ble figure was less than 2 percent.

BUDGET EXPENDITURES PER C A PITA

During the fiscal year 1952, Fed
eral Government expenditures will
amount to about 461 dollars for each
man, woman, and child in the coun
try. This is almost seven times as
great as the per capita expenditure in
the prewar fiscal year 1939, and more
than one and one-half times as great
as in 1950. On the other hand, it is
36

only two-thirds as much as was spent
per person in the peak war year of
1945.
The cost of the military services will
be 266 dollars per capita in the fiscal
year 1952. This compares to less
than 9 dollars per capita in 1939, 609
dollars in 1945, and 76 dollars in
1948.

BUDGET EXPENDITURES

AS A PERCENTAGE OF NATIONAL INCOME
P ercent

BUDGET EXPENDITURES

per c a p ita

Excise
Taxes

Direct Taxes
on Individuals

8.2

24.5

Estimated
in billions
of dollars

General
Government

1.4

19.6

2.8

New
Taxes

16.5

FEDERAL BUDGET

Excludes
new tax
proposals

R e c e ip ts
$55.1*
Expend itu res
71.6
D e fic it
16.5
“

lllt ff lt n j

Direct Taxes Customs and
on Corporations Other Taxes

*W&ene

Education, Labor
Housing, E t c .

0 .8

Me mwey m il fa
Finance, Commerce
and Industry

Agriculture

1.4

1.5

Transportation and
Communication

Natural Resources

2.5

1.7

Social Security,
Welfare,and Health

Veterans Programs

4.9
1 1
International

7.5

2.6

Military Services

------ 41. 4 —

Interest

5.9

APPENDIXES

Up to now, this booklet has discussed receipts and expenditures included
in the Budget. To give a more complete picture of the Federal program,
two other aspects of Federal financial operations are described in the
appendixes which follow.
Appendix A presents a summary of Federal financial transactions
including not only Budget receipts and expenditures but also
receipts and expenditures of funds for which the Government acts
as trustee.
Appendix B shows the relationship between the authorizations
to spend Federal money and the expenditures for the fiscal year
1952.

A P P E N D IX A

RECEIPTS FR O M A N D PAYM ENTS TO THE PUBLIC

While most Government activities
are directly reflected in the Budget,
some important programs are oper
ated through trust funds for which
the Federal Government acts as a
trustee. These funds include the
unemployment trust fund, the oldage and survivors insurance trust
fund, and the veterans’ life insurance
funds. Payroll taxes or other re
ceipts flow into these funds, and pay
ments are made to beneficiaries from
them. These transactions are not
included in Budget receipts and ex
penditures.
On the other hand, Budget receipts
and expenditures include a small
number of transactions which do not
involve an actual current inflow or
outflow of money.
To show the total flow of money
between the public and the Federal
Government, a statement of “receipts
from and payments to the public”
has been developed. This statement
has also been called the “consoli
dated cash budget” and “cash in
40

come and outgo of the United States
Treasury.”
For many purposes, the figures
showing the total flow of money be
tween the Federal Government and
the public are very significant. In
his Economic Report, for example,
the President used the consolidated
cash data, rather than the conven
tional Budget data, in describing the
economic impact of Federal financial
transactions.
Trust fund payments to the public
are currently less than receipts, since
the funds are building reserves for
the payment of future benefits. In
the fiscal year 1952, payments to
the public will exceed receipts from
the public under present tax laws by
an estimated 12.8 billion dollars.
This is about 3.7 billion dollars less
than the estimated Budget deficit.
The accompanying chart shows the
adjustments which are made in
Budget receipts and expenditures in
order to arrive at total cash receipts
from and payments to the public.

APPENDIX A

RECEIPTS FROM AND PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC
Fiscal Y e a r 1952 Estim ated

Billions o f D ollars

i 55.1

B U D G E T R E C E IP T S
D E D U C T In t r a g o y e r n m e n t a l T ra n s a c tio n s :

Payments by Government Agencies and Trust Funds to Treasury
A D D T ru s t F u n d R e c e ip ts fro m th e P u b lic :

O ld Ag e Survivors Insurance Taxes

Unemployment Insurance Deposits

•—0.1
: + 3. e

!+ I .3
1+ 0 .5

Veterans Life Insurance Premiums

11+ 0 .7

Other

m TO TA L

R E C E IP T S F R O M

T H E P U B L IC

D E D U C T I n t r a g o v e r n m e n ta l a n d N o n c a s h T ra n s a c tio n s :

Transfers from Treasury to Trust Funds

Interest Paid to Trust Funds

Interest Accrued but Not Paid— U. S. Savings Bonds

Salary Deductions— Federal Employees' Retirement

II
II

Payments by Government Agencies to Treasury
A D D T ru s t F u n d P a y m e n ts to th e P u b lic :

+ 2. I

O ld Age Survivors Insurance Benefits

+ 0 .7

Withdrawals for Unemployment Benefits

il
+0 3
I
+ 0 .3
Ii

Veterans Life Insurance Refunds and Benefits

Federal Employees’ Retirement Annuities

Railroad Retirement Benefits * ^ ?*-■*«

1+ 0 . 6

O ther

:,MM> TOMKi .«««>;

+ 0.1

ADD:

pw74.1

Redemption of Arnied Forces Leave Bonds and Similar Securities

TO TAL PAYM ENTS TO

T H E P U B L IC

II H I

A P P E N D IX B

BUDGET A U T H O R IZ A T IO N S RELATED TO EXPENDITURES

Federal agencies may not spend
money, or incur obligations requiring
the future expenditure of money,
without prior authorization from the
Congress. Such Congressional au
thorizations are usually made in the
form of appropriations.
In the present period, Federal
agencies are incurring obligations
at a much faster rate than they are
making expenditures. Under these
circumstances the total amount of
new obligational authority made
available by the Congress is of major
economic significance.
The Budget Message pointed out
that the large amount of new obli
gational authority required for the
defense program creates strong infla
tionary pressure in the economy.
Bidding for manpower and materials
begins as soon as procurement con
tracts are signed. Thus pressure on
prices begins, even though Govern
ment expenditures under the con
tracts have not yet been made.
42

In the 1952 Budget, the President
recommended enactment of 94.4
billion dollars of authority to incur
new obligations, of which 57.3
billion dollars—or 60 percent—will
not be spent until some time after
the close of the fiscal year 1952.
The manufacture and delivery of
some of the goods ordered under
this new authority, particularly
heavy military equipment, will take
many months—in some cases, years.
Final payments will usually not be
made until after the contracts and
orders are completed.
Similarly, a large part of Govern
ment spending during the fiscal year
1952 will result from authorizations
enacted prior to that year. Of the
71.6 billion dollars of expenditures
estimated for 1952, 34.5 billion
dollars—-48 percent—will come from
authority enacted for 1951 or earlier
years.

APPENDIX B

BUDGET AUTHORIZATIONS

RELATED TO EXPENDITURES
Billions of D ollars

N e w O b lig a tio n a l A u th o r ity for 1 9 5 2

94.4

B udget E xpenditi

BU DGET R E C E IP T S AND EX PEN D ITU R ES AND PUBLIC D EBT

Fiscal years 1915 through 1952
[In m illions]

Fiscal
year

T o ta l
Budget
receipts

T o ta l
Budget
expendi
tures

$683
762
1,100
3,630
5,085
6,649
5,567
4,021
3,849
3,853
3,598
3, 753
3,992
3,872
3, 861
4,058
3,116
1,924
2,022

$746
713
1,954
12, 662
18, 448
6, 357
5, 058
3,285
3,137
2,890
2, 881
2,888
2, 837
2,933
3,127
3, 320
3, 578
4,659
4,623

1915_____
1916..........
1917_____
1918_____
1919_____
1920_____
1921_____
1922_____
1923_____
1924_____
1925_____
1926_____
1927_____
1928_____
1929_____
1930_____
1931_____
1932_____
1933_____
1 Estim ated.

Surplus
or
deficit

— $63
+48
-853
- 9 , 032
-13,363
+291
+509
+736
+713
+963
+717
+865
+ 1,155
+939
+734
+738
-46 2
- 2 , 735
- 2 , 602

Public
debt at
end of
year
$1,191
1,225
2,976
12,455
25, 485
24,299
23,978
22,963
22,350
21,251
20, 516
19, 643
18, 512
17,604
16,931
16,185
16, 801
19, 487
22, 539

T o ta l
Budget
receipts

Fiscal
year

1934_____
1935_____
1936_____
1937_____
1938_____
1939_____
1940_____
1941_____
1942_____
1943_____
1944_____
1945_____
1946_____
1947_____
1948 ___
1949_____
1950_____
1951 i____
1952 i____

$3,065
3, 729
4,069
4, 979
5,803
5,104
5,264
7,227
12,696
22,201
43, 892
44, 762
40,027
40,043
42, 211
38, 246
37,045
44, 512
55,138

T o ta l
Budget
expendi
tures

S urplus
or
deficit

$6, 694
6,521
8,494
7, 756
6, 979
8,966
9,183
13, 387
34,187
79,622
95,315
98, 703
60, 703
39,289
33, 791
40,057
40,156
47, 210
71, 594

-$3,630
- 2 , 791
- 4 , 425
- 2 , 777
-1 ,1 77
- 3 , 862
-3 ,9 18
-6 ,1 59
-2 1 , 490
-57,420
-5 1 , 423
-53,941
-2 0 , 676
+754
+8 , 419
-L 8 1 1
- 3 , 111
- 2 , 698
-1 6 , 456

P u b lic
debt at
end of
year
$27,053
28, 701
33, 779
36, 425
37,165
40, 440
42,968
48,961
72,422
136, 696
201,003
258, 682
269, 422
258, 286
252, 292
2 b 2 , 770
257, 357
260,300
276, 300

Does not include new tax proposals.

BU D G ET EX PEN D ITU RES BY FUNCTION

Fiscal years 1943 through 1952
[In m illions of dollars]
F un ction

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

M ilita rv services « ______________________ 70,267 83,766 84, 569 45,134
In ternational security and foreign rela166
244
677 1,462
264
106
Finance, commerce and in d u s try . ............
171
30
L a b o r. ...................................................................
240
204
225
174
T ran sp ortation and com m unication____
3, 576 4,311 3,367
789
409
243
326
247
Agriculture and agricultural resources___
593 1, 203 1,610
749
302
H ousing and co m m u n itv developm ent . . .
308 ‘ 193 ‘ 199
Ed ucatio n and general research....... ............
46
88
150
80
Social security, welfare, and h e a lth ___
1.190 1,013 1,046 1,048
Veterans’ services and benefits....................
605
744 2,094 4,414
General governm ent.. ....................................
335
652
917
880
1,825 2,623 3,661 4, 815
In terest___________ ____________________

1948

1949

1950

1951 1952
(est.) (est.)

14,316 10,961 11,914 12,303 20,994 41, 421
6,542
102
194
548
622
1,244
348
64
1,314
7,370
1,308
5,013

4. 780
88
183
1.224
1. 099
574
82
63
1,869
6,566
1,440
5,249

6,458
120
193
1,622
1.512
2,512
282
70
1,907
6,668
1,081
5, 445

4,803
227
263
1, 752
1. 554
2, 784
261
114
2,213
6, 627
1,108
5, 817

4. 726
368
212
1.970
2,117
986
409
143
2, 520
5, 746
1,252
5, 722
45

7, 461
1, 524
215
1,685
2, 519
1,429
» 102
483
2. 625
4,911
1.351
5,897
175

Y o t a l_____________________________ 79. 819 95, 675 98, 451 59.626 38.983 34,179 39, 785 39, 826 47, 210 71,594
A d justm en t to d a ily T re a s u ry statement
330
272
-197 -36 0
252 1,077
305 -388
T o ta l Budget e x p e n d itu re s ............... 79, 622 95, 315 98,703 60,703 39,289 33, 791 40,057 40,156 47, 210 71, 594
« M ilita ry and economic aid to foreign countries, now classified under “ International security and foreign
relations,” was included in “ M ilita ry services” d urin g the years 1941-47, when h ea vy expenditures for these
purposes were being made under the Lend-Lease Act. O n a gross basis (that is, w ithou t deducting recip
rocal aid and postwar settlem ents), aid pro vided under the Lend-Lease program totaled more than 50
billion dollars d urin g the years 1941-47, and reached a peak of about 16 billion dollars in 1944.
4 D ed uct, excess of repaym ents and collections over expenditures.

U. S. G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E :

19SI

F o r sale b y the Superintendent of D ocum ents, U . S. G overnm ent P rin tin g Office
W ashington 25, D . C . - Price 20 cents

E X E C U T I V E

BR ANC H

G O V E R N M E N T

i— i

I TEMPORARY AGENCIES

* In fKe Office of Emergency Management.

January 15. 1951

Full text of Budget in Brief : Fiscal Year 1952

FRASER