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BIRTHS INFANT MORTALITY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR IM 1 ^ . 7 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis C H ILD R E N 'S 1945 BUREAU The charts, maps, and tables here assembled present most of the pertinent data on births and on infant and maternal mortality in the United States. Such charts when issued annually constitute a graphic record of the changes that are occurring in these vital indexes. These changes— important indicators in peace time— assume even greater significance in time of war. However, because of necessary economies the complete series of these charts will not again be issued for the duration of the war. The present series, relating to 1940, may serve, therefore, as a base line for evaluating the success with which the very difficult problems of the immediate future will be met. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis FOREW ORD 1 S I1 These charts and maps are based on data released by the U. S. Bureau of the Census for the ye^r 1940» and are presented in three main groups: Births (IM 40- )* and maternal mortality (MM 40- )• the known deficiencies in (identified by series numbers B 40- ), infant mortality No charts are presented on stillbirth statistics because of the registration of stillbirths. Howëver, one map on this subject (S 40) is included, which shows for each State the extent to which the definition of stillbirth with regard to "period of gestation" and "évidence of life" is in accord with the Model Vital Statistics Act of 1941. On each, left-hand page are the basic data for the chart on the right-hand page. Most of the maps are based on so-called "recorded" figures; that is, they represent births and deaths which were registered figures; that as having occurred is, births and deaths of in the locality. These differ in many cases from "resident" residents of a locality irrespective of the place of occurrence. For data by States the difference between recorded and resident figures is slight. Howëver, when smaller geographic subdivisions are considered, the differences may be 'very large and therefore four charts showing such subdivisions are presented on a resident basis (B 40-3R, B 40-5R, IM 40-11, and MM 40-12)• The variations in infant and maternal mortality over a period of years (trend charts) are presented on a semilogarithmic scale. arithmetic one. The question is often raised why this scale is used rather than the more familiar The semilogarithmic scale tation of relative rithmic scale equal (percentage) vertical generally preferred when interest centers in visual presen changes from year distances represent scale equal vertical distances mean equal drop of 5 points is from 20 would show up as actual to year rather than the basic figures. equal r el at iv e differences. differences, whereas an arithmetic .For example, on a semilogarithmic scale a 10 times the magnitude of a ,5-point arithmetic scale the two reductions would appear on On a semiloga to be of the same magnitude. drop from 200, but on an The semilogarithmic scale therefore affords a'visual picture of the percentage changes o’ver periods of time. It is especially useful when two or more cufves are presented on the same chart, because it affords an immediate comparison of the relative changes in the cufves. Causes of infant and maternal mortality have been grouped in broad classifications. The International List numbers of the individual causes included in each group are included in the basic data shown opposite the corresponding charts. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis * H ftQ J. Racial classification is given in three categories: White, Negro, and "other races.” Mexicans are included with "white,” and Indians, Chinese, Japanese, and a residual group of numerically minor races are included with "other races.” Statistics on Negro births by State are limited to the States in which at least 500 such births occur annually. In computing infant and maternal mortality rates for Negroes, only States in which at least 2,500 Negro births occurred in the period are presented because it is believed that rates based on a smaller number of births would not be sufficiently stable even for crude comparisons. It is hoped that the charts and maps presented here not only will be useful to those interested in Nation-wide statistics on biiths, infant mortality, and maternal mortality, but that they may suggest plans for analyses of similar data for smaller geographic welfare. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis areas, especially by State departments of health and TABLE OF CONTENTS BIRTH SERIES Pages Nu m b e r of live birt h s that o c c u r r e d in each State . . . " B i r t h rate in each S t a t e .................................... P e r c e n t a g e of live Dirths in rural areas of e ach S t a t e ............ .. ..................... P e r c e n t a g e of live birt h s P e r c e n t a g e of live b i r t h s ' to residents of rural areas of e ach S t a t e ............ 1 in hospitals in e a c h S t a t e ......................... . . ! ! ! . ! A t t e n d a n t at birth, live b i rths to residents of cities a nd of rural areas .......................... P e r c e n t a g e of natio n a l income a nd of live births in States g r o u p e d a c c o rding to per c a p i t a income N u m b e r of N e g r o live b i r t h s in each State .................................... P e r c e n t a g e of live births that were Negro ................................. P e r c e n t a g e o f N e g r o live b i rths w ith no m edical a t t e n d a n t - ............ .. 1A-1B 2A-2B 3A-3B 4A-4B 5A-5B 6A-6B 7A-7B 8A-8B 9A-9B 10A-10B INFANT MORTALITY I n fant m o r t a l i t y rate in e a c h S t a t e ................... ...................; . . . . . Infant deaths, b y age in m o n t h s ....................................................... Infant m o r t a l i t y rates, b y age, U n i t e d States e x p a n d i n g b i r t h - r e g i s t r a t i o n area, C auses of infant death, p e r c e n t a g e d i s t r i b u t i o n .................................... Causes of n e ona t a l death, perce n t a g e d i s t r i b u t i o n ................. Causes Infant Infant In f a n t I n fant Infant 11A-11B 1915-40 of d e a t h in the s e cond to twelfth m o n t h of life, p e r c e n t a g e d i s t r i b u t i o n . . . . m o r t a l i t y rates, b y cause and b y age, 1932-34, 1935-37, and 1 9 3 8 - 4 0 .............. m o r t a l i t y rate in e a c h State, white infants, 1 9 38-40 ............................... m o r t a l i t y rate in each State, Negro infants, 1938-40 ............................... m o r t a l i t y rates among white and Negro infants, 1930-40 .............. ............ m o r t a l i t y rates, b y age, among residents of ur b a n a nd rural a r e a s ................ 12A-12B 13A-13B 14A-14B 15A-15B 1 6 A-16B 17A-17B 1 8 A-18B 19A-19B 20A-20B 21A-21B MATERNAL MORTALITY Maternal mortality Mate r n a l m o r t a l i t y Mate r n a l deaths in C a uses of m a t e r n a l rate in each State ............................................. rates, b y a g e ........................................ rela t i o n to time o f d e l i v e r y . . x . . . . . . . . . ................ d e a t h ............................................. M a ternal m o r t a l i t y i^ate f r o m infection in each State. ....................................... M aternal m o r t a l i t y rate from toxemias in each S t a t e ............................... .. M a t e r n a l m o r t a l i t y rate from hemorrhage, trauma, or s h o c k in each State ................ M a t e r n a l m o r t a l i t y rates, U n i t e d States e x p a n d i n g b i r t h - r e g i s t r a t i o n area, 1915-40. . . Mate r n a l m o r t a l i t y rate in e a c h State, white women, 1938-40 ............................... M a t e r n a l m o r t a l i t y rate in e a c h State, neg r o women, 1938-40 ............................... Mate r n a l m o r t a l i t y rates among white and n e g r o women, 1930-40 ..................... . . . M a t e r n a l m o r t a l i t y rates, b y cause, among residents of ur b a n and rural a r e a s ............ D e f i n i t i o n of s t i l l b i r t h in e a c h State c o m p a r e d w i t h model vital statistics act of 1941 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 22A-22B 23A-23B 24A-24B 25A-25B 26A-26B 2 7 A-27B 28A-28B 29A-29B 30A-30B 3 1 A-31B 3 2A-32B 3 3A-33B 34A-34B LIVE BIRTHS THAT OCCURRED IE EACH STATE, BY RACE; UNITED STATES, 1940 (States are ranked according to number of lire births) Number of live births State White Negro Other races Continental United States ------------- 2.360,399 2,067,953 278,869 13.577 Hew York ------------------------Pennsylvania --------------------Texas ---------------------------Illinois -- ---------------------O h i o ---------------------------California — — -— --------------- 19b , 888 163,680 126,687 123.198 m ,900 112,011 186,682 156,241 110,885 116,357 108.780 107,084 9.753 9.395 15.736 6.749 6.089 1,845 *53 44 66 92 31 3.082 Michigan — ----------- ----------North Carolina------ -- ---- -— — Massachusetts — ---------- — :----Georgia -------------------------Kentucky ------------------------Alabama---- -- -— ----— — — ---- Missouri — ----------------- ---Indiana ------------------------New Jersey -- -------------------Tennessee — ---------- -- ------ — Virginia------ -----------------Wisconsin — ----- -------- ------Minnesota -- ----------- --------Mississippi -— -- -------------- — Louisiana----------- -— --------- 99.108 80,382 66,114 64,998 63.591 9*.985 3.9*1 182 850 51 11 '19 24 7 29 2 37 460 558 102 65 I o w a --- — -------- -— •----- ----Oklahoma — — -- -— --------------South Carolina----- --------- -— West Virginia------ --- --------Arkansas -----------------------Florida------------------ ------Maryland------- — '--------------Kansas — — ------- — ------------Washington------------------- -— Connecticut-------------------- — 45,464 44,574 44,380 42,103 38,359 33.818 30.251 Nebraska — -------- --- — -----Colorado -----------------------Oregon -- --- -------------------District of Columbia ------------Maine ----- --------------------New Mexico — ---------- ------ ---U t a h ---------------------------North Dakota----------- --------Arizona ------------------------Idaho --------------------------South Dakota ---------- *---------Montana ------------------------Rhode Island -------------------- 22,162 - New Hampshire ------------------Vermont------------------------- Wyoming -------------------------Delaware ------------------------Nevada -------------------------- Territories Alaska Hawaii Puerto and possessions 1/ --- -----------------------------------------------R i c o ------------ ---------- 62,925 62,172 61,963 58,617 55.815 55.208 54,848 53.O83 52.575 50,916 28,695 28,l4l 25.195 21,154 17,848 15.309 15.119 14,744 13.559 13.356 11.754 11,712 11,619 11,492 10,805 8,503 6,694 5.052 4,597 2,061 (2) 9»4l4 (2) 54,676 65,103 39.305 60,396 25.056 960 57.972 59.766 54,010 47,290 39.653 25,682 3.195 24,017 4,176 2.190 4.5788.523 15.518 54.185 52.392 23.135 29.853 133 29.338 20,998 38.889 45,226 40,018 22,381 39.903 29,147 23,858 23,664 27,646 27,400 24.557 21.833 20,847 17.549 10,679 15.074 14,313 13.412 12,929 10,135 11,617 10,918 10,820 10,559 8,495 6,690 4,930 3.852 1,862 (2) 1.936 (2) 203 214 2,629 21,978 2.199 9.198 9.900 6,572 995 86 632 210 204 29 4,597 19 4o 9 244 5 24 1.927 21 1 14 60 15 5* 655 6 119 103 270 33 26 391 138 427 1.375 90 4 697 19 240 653 8 3 7 744 9 • l 115 (2) (3) (2) (2) 7.478 (2) 6 1 190 1/ Included under the provisions of title V> parts 1, 2, and 3» of the Social Security Act, which are administered by the Children's Bureau. 2/ Hot available; Alaska and Puerto Rico are not in the birth-registration area. 3/ Not tabulated separately. B 140-1 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 1 A Total Page 1B NUMBER OF LIVE BIRTHS THAT OCCURRED IN EACH STATE 100,000 or more U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN'S BUREAU Chart No. B 4 0 - 1 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census LIVE BIRTHS THAT OCCURRED IN EACH STATE PER 1,000 POPULATION; UNITED STATES, 19^0 (States are ranked according to 'birth rate) Birth rate State Continental United States — -------- ------- --- — ---- 17.9 New Mexico -------------------------------------------------U t a h -----Mississippi ----------------------------------Arizona --------------------------------------South Carolina-------------------- .-----------North Carolina -------------------------------Idaho---------------------- ------------ -— ---Kentucky ----- --------------------------------Alabama --------------------------------------West Virginia---------------- ---------------Louisiana ------------------------------------Georgia --------------------------------------North Dakota----------------------------------Virginia---- •--------------------------------Montana -------------- -------------------------Wyoming --------------------------------------- 27.7 24.6 24.1 23.5 23.4 22.6 22.3 22.3 22.2 2 2i.5 < 20.8 20.6 20.5 20.1 Arkansas ------- ------------------------------Texas ----------------------------------------Oklahoma-------------------------------------Tennessee — -------- '--------------------------Minnesota----------------- ----- --------------Michigan -------------------------------------Colorado -------------------------------------Nevada — .---------------------------------- -— Vermont --------------------------------------Indiana --------------------------------------South Dakota ---------- --------------------- -— I o w a --------------------------------- -------Florida --------------------------------------Maine ----------------------------------------Wisconsin ------------------------------------- 19.7 19.7 19.1 19.1 19.0 18.9 18. 8 18.7 18.6 18.1 18.1 17.9 17.« 17.8 17.5 New Hampshire------------------------------ -— Delaware -------------------------------------Nebraska -------------------------------------Pennsylvania----------------------------------Maryland -------------------------------------O h i o -----------------------------------------Missouri -------------------------------------Oregon ---------------------------------------California -----------------------------------Washington -----------------------------------Kansas ---------------------------------------Illinois — ------------------------------------Massachusetts --------------------------------Rhode Island---------- ---- -------------------- 17.3 17.2 no c 16.8 Number of live births Population l/ 2,360,399 131,669.275 14,744 13,559 52,575 11,75* 44,380 80,582 531,818 550,310 2,183.796 11,712 63,591 62,925 42,103 50,916 64,998 13,356 55,208 11,492 5,052 38.359 126,687 44,574 55.815 53.083 99,108 21 ,15* 2,061 6,694 61,963 11,619 45,464 33.818 15,H9 54,848 8,503 *.597 22,162 165,680 30.251 - 499,261 1,899,804 3,571,623 524,873 2 ,845,627 2,832,961 1,901,97* 2 ,363,880 3.123.723 641,935 2,677,773 559,456 250,742 1,9*9.387 6,414,824 2,336,434 2,915,841 2,792,300 5,256,106 1 ,123,296 110,247 359.231 3,427.796 642,961 2,538,268 1,897,4:! 4 84-7,2<;o 3 .137.587 491,524 266,505 16.2 15.9 17,848 112,011 28,l4l 28,695 15.3 15.1 10,805 1.315.83* 9,900,180 1,821,244 6,907,612 3,784,664 1,089,684 6,907,387 1,736,191 1,801,028 7,897,241 4 ,316,721 713,346 Connecticut -----------------------------------New Y o r k --------- ----------------------------New Jersey ------------------------------------ 14.7 14.6 14.1 25,195 196,888 58,617 1 ,709,242 13,479,142 4,160,165 District of Columbia 2/ ------------------------ 23.1 15,309 663,091 Territories and possessions'¿/ Alaska--------------------------------------- — Hawaii ------ ---------------------------------Puerto Rico ----------------------------------- (4) 22.2 (4) (4) 9.4l4 (4) 72,524 *23,330 1 ,869,255 16.7 16.6 16.6 16.4 16.4 16.2 15.6 114,900 62,172 123,198 66,114 l/ Enumerated population for 19*0. 2/ Not ranked because of the marked difference between the recorded and the resident rate due to the number of births in Washington hospitals to mothers who lire in neighboring States. ¿/ Included under provisions of title V, parts 1, 2, and 3, of the Social Security Act, which are administered by the Children's Bureau. 4/ Not available; Alaska and Puerto Rico are not in the birth-registration area. B 40-2 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 2 B B IR T H RATE . U N IT E D ( l iv e U. S. Department of Labor c h il d r e n 's b u r e a u Chart No. b 40-2 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis b ir t h s that occurred IN EACH S T A TE S , in each STATE 1940 state per 1,000 p o p u l a t io n ) Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census LIVE BIRTHS THAT OCCURRED IN RURAL. ADD URBAN AREAS IN EACH STATS: UNITED STATES, 1940 (States are ranked according to percentage of live births that occurred in rural areas) Percent of live births that^occurred in rural areas 1/ State Continental United States — -----------------Mississippi ----------------------------Nevada --------------------------------Arkansas ------------------------------South Carolina -------------------- w---New Mexico-----------------------------Kentucky------------- -----------------West Virginia --------------------------North Carolina------------------------ — Alabama -------------------------------- * O regon---------------- ----------------Indiana--- *----------------------------Wisconsin-- --------------------- — ---New Hampshire ------------ -------------Delaware ------------------------------Pennsylvania ---------------------------Washington------------------ ■---------Maryland -------------------------------Michigan -— ------ • — ---- — ;--------- -— California -----------------------------O h i o ----------------------------------Illinois -------------------------------New Jersey — ------------ --------------New York — -------- --------------------Connecticut — --------------------------Massachusetts — — ----------------------Rhode Island------------------ «--------District of Columbia -— ---------------Territories Alaska Hawaii Puerto and possessions 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------Rico ---------------------- ----- * 87.8 86.8 8k. 8 79-S 79-5 78.9 77.* Rural areas 1/ Urban areas 1/ 1,12*,812 1.235.587 *6,158 1,788 32.5*6 35**13 11,728 50,193 6,417 273 5.813 8.967 3.016 76.1 32,600 61,305 75-0 *7.177 13.398 9.503 19.277 15.748 7*. 7 72.9 72-3 9.97* 8, *7* *,839 *6,157 3.382 3.1*5 1.855 18,8*1 71.0 70.7 67.6 66.6 66.1 6*.* 6*.o 6*.o 16.185 1,638 18,663 39.023 3,*i* 37,152 29,*81 7.565 7. *98 15.093 *,189 *,21* 5-,444 *.353 8,72* 59.1 57-7 55.8 55.3 52.9 51.7 9.675 7.139 13,*38 30,6*9 16,966 73.099 25.367 29.337 17.892 ip, 9*0 30,688 50.1 31,48* 6.79* 8, *19 28,199 2*.888 3.669 1,830 64,012 9.623 10,325 33.244 9. *29 33.76* 62.1 60.6 60.2 50.6 *7.2 *5-5 *5.* *3.1 39.8 38.6 3*. 2 3*.i 33.5 32.7 32.1 27.7 16.O 36,632 36,844 3*.109 20,267 11.729 53.588 . 20,097 23.7*6 15.926 10,214 6.765 29,960 *.83* 2,767 101,668 18,518 19.926 65,86* 75.379 78,056 89,089 *9.258 167.527 8.1 5.5 0.0 9.359 29.361 3,101 5.339 593 - (3) * 5.* (3) (3) *.273 (3) <3) 5.1*1 (3) l*-9 12.3 22,094 60,775 10,212 15.309 1/ Urban areas include cities of 10,000 or more population; all other areas cure classified as rural. 2/ Included under provisions of title V, parts 1, 2, and 3» of the Social Security Act, which are administered by the Children's Bureau. ¿/ Not available; Alaska and Puerto Rico are not in the birth-registration area. B 40-3 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 3 A North Dakota----------------- ---------South Dakota---------------- -— ------ -— Vermont — ------------------------------Georgia — -----------------------------Virginia--------- -— -----------------Wyoming---- ■*----- -— — ---------------Tennessee------ -— --------------------- ' Oklahoma----- --------------------------Arizona-------------------------------• Idaho ---------------------------------M a i n e ------- -------------- ------ ----Montana------------------------— ----— Nebraska-------------------------- ----Louisiana -— — — --- -------- ---------Kansas ---------------- ---- --------- --T exas------- --------- ------ ---------I o w a ------------- ---------------- — --Minnesota ---------------- -------------Florida -------------------------------Colorado -------------------------------Missouri — ------------------------ ----Utah — ------------------------------ -— *7-7 Number of live births that occurred in— Page 3 B PERCENTAGE OF LIVE BIRTHS THAT OCCURRED IN RURAL AREAS OF EACH STATE UNITED STATES, 1940 U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU Chart No. B 4 0 -B https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census LJVE BIRTHS TO RESIDENTS OF RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF EACH STATE; UNITED STATES, 194-0 (States are ranged according to percentage bi live births to residents of rural areas) State Continental United States 2/ -- Percent of live births to resi dents of rural areas 1/ 56.2 Number of live births to residents of— Rural areas 1/ Urban areas l/ 1,326,329 1,034,070 90.3 88.4. 86.0 84.7 84.4 84.3 82.9 82.6 81.9 81.8 81.0 80.5 78.3 75.5 75.5 47,596 34,025 11,299 12,529 37,638 5,852 9,993 34,942 65,899 1,726 51,678 50,665 9,229 11,491 3,864 5,136 4,448 1,836 2,263 6,974 1,090 2,061 7,347 14,556 383 12,090 12,273 2,560 3,731 1,325 Virginia ----Montana -----Georgia -----Arizona -- — — Oklahoma ----Tennessee ---Louisiana ---Iowa-------Nebraska ----Kansas -----Minnesota ---Oregon ------Texas ------- 74.9 74.3 73.6 73.0 73.0 71.9 70.6 69.9 69.4 66.8 65.3 42,727 8,581 47,633 8,393 32,772 39,740 35,910 31,372 15,289 19,308 34,535 Colorado ---Florida ----Delaware ---Missouri ---Wisconsin --Washington — New Hampshire Indiana ----- 64.2 62.3 59.4 59.3 59.1 58.9 57.0 56.1 53.6 52.8 81,524 8,319 12,486 20,043 2,691 36,222 31,264 15,784 4,463 32,581 14,287 2,975 17,124 3,H0 12,115 15,502 14,938 13,482 6,740 9,577 18,380 6,197 45,548 5,028 8,548 13,756 1,860 25,257 23,627 12,375 3,866 29,079 Maryland ---------Pennsylvania -----Ohio — r-----------Michigan ---------California -------Illinois ---------Connecticut ------New Jersey-------- 49.0 47.7 43.9 42.4 39.5 36.8 33.9 33.1 15,862 78,911 50,288 41,963 44,324 45,827 8,673 19,778 16,503 86,545 64,375 57,058 67,963 78,788 16,875 40,036 New York ---------Massachusetts -----Rhode Island -----District of Columbia 23.6 17.7 12.6 0 46,222 11,624 1,368 149,866 53,927 9,462 11,228 U t a h --------- 64.8 11,426 — ¿/ Urban areas include cities of 10,000 or more population; all other areas are classified as rural. 2/ Territories and possessions are not shown because the information is not available. B 40-3R https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 4 A Mississippi — Arkansas ----North Dakota — New Mexico--South Carolina Vermont -----South Dakota — Nest Virginia North Carolina Nevada ------Kentucky----Alabama -----Idaho ------Maine ------Wyoming ------ Pa g e 4 B PERCENTAGE OF LIVE BIRTHS TO RESIDENTS OF RURAL AREAS OF EACH STATE UNITED STATES, 1940 Percent of live births to residents of rural areas Less than 25 25 - 49 50 - 74 75 or more U. S. Department of Labor c h il d r e n ’s BUREAU Chart No. B 4 0 - 3 R https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the census LITS BIBTHS IN HOSPITALS AND IN BDMES, BT ATTENDANT, IN EACH STATE; UNITED STATES, 1940 (States are ranked according to percentage 0f live births that occurred in hospitals) Percent of live births that oc bospitale curred in hospitals State Continental United States 1/ ---- 55.8 91.4 New Hampshire ---------------------------Illinois-------------------------------— Wyoming --------------------------------Delaware -------------------------------Minnesota------------------------------U t a h -----------------------------------Wisconsin -— ------------- ■--------------Michigan------------ --------- ---------Idaho----------------------------------O h i o -----------------------------------Pennsylvania ---------------------------Arizona------------ ------- ------------Colorado -— — ----- — — ----------------North Dakota ------------ ----------- ---I o w a ---- --------------------- ---------Maryland — ---- ---- -- -----------------South Dakota------------- — ------- ---Vermont------------------ -— -----------Nebraska ----------- *--------------------Kansas ---------------------------------Indiana --------------------------------M a i n e ------------ — *-- --- -------------- 74.5 73-7 90.8 87-0 86.6 86.3 85.4 85.O 83-9 81.2 81.0 77-2 69.2 69.0 67.9 67.9 64.0 63.7 62.8 62.4 13.994 1.313 2,190 24,119 22,873 171,228 24,371 96.693 15.247 56,180 49,206 1.673 9.304 8,343 6.337 90,766 3,496 3.170 56,025 9,211 35.116 63,121 7.355 71,662 102,649 7.281 6l.d 6l.O 58.9 58.4 55.8 55.0 53-4 12,903 8,150 26,776 17.665 52.6 15.102 52.1 32.257 7.564 50.0 47.8 45.6 43.8 North Carolina --------------------------Alabama----- ■---------------------------West Virginia ---------------------------Kentucky-------------------------------South Carolina --------------------------Arkansas--------------------- ----------Mississippi ----- -- -- ------------------ 24.2 20.5 19.7 19.1 18.9 1j 825,271 62.0 61.9 Missouri------- -- -------- — ---------Plorida---------------- -*---------------Louisiana----------------------- ------- Texas — ---- ----------------------------Oklahoma -------------------------------Tennessee ------------------------------Virginia------ -------------------------Georgia------------- -------------------New Mexico ------------------------------ - 1 ,316,768 42.3 39.7 29.3 29.1 28.6 28.1 17.0 13.9 6,484 3.681 11,826 3.723 14,473 2,464 9,564 8,095 338 1.990 2,357 2,157 31.996 1,530 955 16,397 4,202 19.509 34.774 4,276 43.051 62,284 3,308 8,151 4,445 18,664 10,385 5.042 3.005 10,325 204,968 2 ll6 l,4o6 17 531 l4 7 l6 135 30 314 123 363 27 ill 92 23 87 13 2 7 79 1,300 357 6 20 13 392 6l 76 269 85 147 321 35 99 610 612 43 330 13 2,143 l4 3 4 26 7.258 72 42 29,745 15,426 22,309 53.637 17.679 16,355 16,088 18,588 4,142 29.543 9.546 13,408 52,848 24,700 33.391 25.817 23.560 6,208 19.520 12,888 8,277 12,145 S,4oo 6,535 7.325 40,987 29.531 32,219 39.859 16,699 22,376 19.077 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 892 46 88 137 533 57 431 11 58 79 5 7 33 6 255 1,827 1.057 176 l6,s6l 1,734 5.900 12,826 3.341 46i 8,670 15.173 22,666 3.676 19.836 20,040 1,328 11,463 19,212 8,445 25.976 Territories and possessions are not shown because the inforaation is not available. B >40-4 16 459 13.534 29,628 13.392 26 169 477 184 718 239 466 279 124 69 1.003 197 Pa g e 5 A District of Columbia --------------------Connecticut ----------------------------New York -------------------------------Washington---------------------------- -— California---------------- --------------Oregon ---------------------------------Massachusetts -------------------- ■*--- -— New Jersey -----------------------------Nevada ---------------------------------Montana-------------------------*------Bhode Island ----------------------------- Number of live births In homes No medical attendant Medical Other and attendant Midwife unspecified Pag e 5B PERCENTAGE OF LIVE BIRTHS THAT OCCURRED IN HOSPITALS IN EACH STATE UNITED STATES, 1940 U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU C h a rt No. B 4 0 - 4 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U.S. Bureau of the Census Pa g e 6 A LITE BIRTHS IN HOSPITALS AND IN HOMES, BI ATTENDANT, IN CITIES OF SPECIFIED SIZE AND IN RURAL AREAS UNITED STATES, 1940 Live births 1/ Area United States--- 1— -— — Total 2,360,399 In hospitals Percent Number 1,316,768 55.8 Medical attendant Number Percent 825,271 In homes No medical attendant 2/ Percent Number 35.0 218,360 9.2 13-3 18.4 24.0 48.9 8,085 4,794 11,738 193,743 1.4 3.8 ' 3.8 14.6 8,068 4,822 11,764 193,706 1.2 3.1 3.0 17.2 By Place of Residence Cities of 100,000 or more ---Cities of 50,000 to 100,000 -Cities of 10,000 to 50,000 --Rural areas ¿/ -------------- ■'■->0,132 1'-5,402 '■08,536 1,326,329 512,159 97,555 222,859 484,195 85.3 77.8 72.2 36.5 79,888 23,053 73,939 648,391 . By Place of Occurrence Cities of 100,000 or more ---Cities of 50,000 to 100,000 -Cities of 10,000 to 50,000 --Rural areas 3 / -- J----------- 694,490 156,563 ¿84,534 1,124,812 606,894 128,959 298,295 282,620 87.4 82.4 77.6 25.1 1/ Data are for the Continental United States. Includes « n areas other than cities of 10,000 or more population. B 1+0-5R https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 79,528 22,782 74,475 648,486 11.4 14.5 19.4 57.7 2/ Includes midwife, other and unspecified attendant. ATTENDANT AT BIRTH LIVE BIRTHS TO RESIDENTS OF CITIES OF SPECIFIED SIZE AND OF RURAL AREAS UNITED STATES, 1940 Cities of 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 or more No medical attendant, 2% Cities of 5 0 ,0 0 0 to 100,000 No medical attendant, 4% Pa g e 6B Cities of 10,000 to 5 0 ,0 0 0 No medical attendant,4% Rural areas U-S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU No. B 4 0 - 5 R Digitized for Chart FRASER https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U- S- Bureau of the Census INCOME RECEIVED AND LIVE BIRTHS THAT OCCURRED IN EACH STATE; UNITED STATES, 1940 (States are ranked according, to per capita income) State and income group Continental United States 1 / —--- - Per capita income $573 Less than $450 per capita — ------- - Live births Percent Number distri bution $75,512 100.0 2,360,399 100.0 13.395 I7 .7 818,081 3^.7 2.2 1.6 2.7 1.9 2.7 2.4 2.7 3.4 2.2 1.9 0.6 0.5 0.6 1.8 1.2 5> 0.9 Mississippi ---------------------Arkansas ------------------------Alabama------------------- -----South Carolina---- -------------Georgia------------------- -----Tennessee------------------- ----Kentucky------- -----------------North Carolina ------------------Louisiana -------- --------------Oklahoma ------------------------New Mexico ----------------------South D akota--------------------North D akota---- ----------------West Virginia -------------------Kansas — -----------------------T exas------ ----------------------Nebraska ------------------------- 195 253 264 281 321 325 33O 335 350 354 356 384 3«5 401 418 422 444 427 4q4 748 531* 1,006 q4q q4i 1,136 830 828 lqo 248 247 764 753 2,715 585 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.5 1 .1 0.2 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.0 3.6 0.8 52,575 38.359 62,925 44,380 64,998 55,815 63,591 80,582 50,916 44,574 14,744 11,619 13.356 42,103 28,695 126,687 22,162 $450 - $599 per capita -------------- _- 13,402 17.8 484,391 20.5 1.1 455 465 470 471 478 487 499 504 526 537 542 551 551 560 579 586 1.135 888 248 1.197 240 268 1,890 428 1,473 1,690 195 621 1,890 275 325 639 1.5 1.2 0.3 1.6 0.3 0.4 2.5 0.6 2.0 2.2 0.3 0.8 2.5 0.4 0.4 0.8 55,208 33,818 11,712 45,464 11.75^ 13,559 62,172 15.119 53.083 54,848 6,694 21,154 61,963 8,503 11,492 17,848 2.3 1 .4 0.5 1.9 0.5 0.6 2.6 0.6 2.3 2.3 . 0.3 0.9 2.6 0.4 0.5 0.8 $600 or more per capita ------------- __ 48,715 64.5 1,057,927 44.8 624 633 638 644 656 691 703 730 757 814 819 836 852 864 960 1,022 6,185 1,101 162 4,453 3 >66 5,462 1,208 521 3,271 11,5^3 5,680 224 3,011 1,477 106 845 8.2 1.5 0.2 5.9 4.6 7.2 1.6 0.7 fc.3 15.3 7.5 0.3 4.0 2.0 0.1 1 .1 165,680 28,141 5,052 114,900 99,108 123,198 30,251 10,805 66,114 196,888 112,011 ^,597 58,617 25,195 2,061 15.309 7.0 1.2 0.2 4.9 4.2 5-2 1.3 0.5 2.8 8.3 *+..7 0.2 2.5 1 .1 0.1 0.6 - 1/ Territories and possessions are not shown Because complete information is not available. 4o-6 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 7 A Virginia -----------------------Florida ------------------------I daho-------------------- ------I o w a ----------------------------Arizona -------------------------U t a h ---------------------------Missouri ------------------------Maine --------------•-------------Minnesota------------------ ----Wisconsin ---- ------------------Vermont -------------------------Colorado ------------------------Indiana -------------------------New Hampshire -------------------Montana-------------------- ----Oregon --------------------------- Pennsylvania --------------------Washington--------------- ------Wyoming----------- -------------O h i o ---------------------------Michigan ------------------------Illinois ------------------------Maryland ------------------------Rhode Island — ------------------Massachusetts -------------------New Y o r k -----------------------California-- -,------------------Delaware ------------------------New Jersey ----------------------Connecticut---------------------Nevada------- :-------- ---------District of Columbia-------- ---- B Total income Percent Amount distri (in millions) bution Pa g e 7 B PERCENTAGE OF NATIONAL INCOME RECEIVED AND OF TOTAL LIVE BIRTHS THAT OCCURRED IN STATES GROUPED ACCORDING TO PER-CAPITA INCOME UNITED STATES, 1940 0 10 20 Percent (Total for United States= 100) 30 40 50 60 70 — i Per-capita i Less than $ 4 5 0 (17 States) National income] $ 4 5 0 - $5 99 (16 States) U. S. Department of Lobor CHILDREN’S BUREAU C hart No. B 4 0 - 6 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce and U. S. Bureau of the Census NEGRO LIVE BIRTHS'THAT OCCURRED IN RURAL AND IN URBAN AREAS IN EACH STATE; UNITED STATES, 194-0 (States are ranked according to the number of Negro live births) Negro live births Urban areas 1/ Rural areas 1/ Percent Number Percent Number Continental United States 2/ ------------- 278,869 170,481 61.1 108,388 38.9 Mississippi-------- > -------------------------Georgia--------- -----------------------------North Carolina --------------------------------Alabama---------- ----------------------- -----South Carolina--- ----------------------------Louisiana---------------------------------- ---Texas ----------------------------------------Virginia -------------------------------------- 29,338 25,682 25,056 24,017 21,978 20,998 15,736 15,518 27,217 19,473 19,743 18,504 18,894 13,311 9,577 11,170 92.8 75.8 78.8 77.0 86.0 63.4 60.9 72.0 2,121 6,209 5,313 5,513 3,084 7,687 6,159 4,348 7.2 24.2 21.2 23.0 14.0 36.6 39.1 28.0 Florida --------------------------------------New York -------------------------------------Pennsylvania----------------------------------Arkansas -------------------------------------Tennessee ------------------------------------Illinois -------------------------------------Maryland--------------------------------------Ohio------------------------------------------ 9,900 9,753 9,395 9,198 8,523 6,749 6,572 6,089 6,037 648 848 8,227 4,075 558 2,410 690 61.0 6.6 9.0 89-4 47.8 8.3 36.7 11.3 3,863 9,105 8,547 971 4,448 6,191 4,162 5,399 39.0 93.4 91.0 10.6 52.2 91.7 •63.3 88.7 District of Columbia------ --------------------New Jersey ------------------------------------Missouri -------------------------------------Michigan ---- ---------------------------------Kentucky -------------------------------------Oklahoma------------------------------------ -— West Virginia ---------------------------------Indiana --------------------------------------- 4,597 4,578 4,176 3,941 3,195 2,629 2,199 2,190 California ------------------------------------Kansas ---------------------------------------Massachusetts------------------------------ ---Delaware -------------------------------------Connecticut -----------------------------------Arizona------------------------- , ------------- * Rhode Island----------------------------------Iowa---------------------------- 4------------Nebraska------------ --------------------------Colorado------------- -------- ----------------Wisconsin ------------------------------------Minnesota ------------------------------------Washington ------------------------------------New Mexico ------------------------------------Oregon-------------------------------- --------Montana------------------------------- -------Maine-------- --------------------------------Nevada------------------: ---------------------Utah------------------------------- ----------New Hampshire ---------------------------------Wyoming ---------------------------------------Idaho ----------------------------------------South Dakota ----------------------------------Vermont --------------------------------------North Dakota ----------------------------------- 1J 803 1,123 202 1,903 1,565 1,811 118 17.5 26.9 5-1 59.6 59-5 82.4 5.4 4,597 3,775 3,053 3,739 1,292 1,064 388 2,072 100.0 82.5 73.1 94-9 40.4 40.5 17.6 94-6 1,845 995 960 744 632 353 201 141 440 55 19.1 20.2 14.7 59-1 8.7 1,492 794 819 304 577 80.9 79.8 85.3 40.9 91.3 244 240 214 210 204 203 133 86 40 29 19 19 9 9 8 7 5 4 3 0 113 23 16 9 24 115 6 15 22 3 8 8 9 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 131 217 198 201 180 88 127 71 18 26 11 11 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) _ • - 4 4 2 2 1 _ - (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) - 9 4 3 3 2 2 - (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Urban areas include cities of 10,000 or more population; all other areas are classified as rural. 2j Territories and possessions are not shown because the information is not available. _2/ Not shown because the number of Negro live births was less than 500. B 40-7 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Pa g e 8 A Total State Page 8 B NUMBER OF NEGRO LIVE BIRTHS THAT OCCURRED IN EACH STATE UNITED STATES, 1940 Number of Negro live births LUlli Less than 5 0 0 E5Z3I 5 0 0 - 2 ,0 0 0 rasai 2,000 - 5,ooo 5 .0 0 0 -1 0 ,0 0 0 10.000 or more U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU c h a rt No. b 4o~7 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE 07 LIVE BIRTHS THAT WERE NEGRO; UNITED STATES AND EACH 07 THE 29 STATES WITH 500 OR MORE NEGRO LIVE BIRTHS,. I9U0 (States with 500 or more Negro live births are ranked according to percentage that were Negro) Percent of live births that were Negro State Number of live births Negro All races 11.8 278,869 2,360,399 14.0 277»183 1,981,229 Mississippi --------------------------South Carolina-- ---- — ----- — — ---Louisiana — --- --- ---- --- — ----- — Georgia--- ------ ------- --------- -— Alabama ------- ------------ ----- .-- -- 55.8 49,5 1+1.2 39-5 29.338 21,978 52,575 44,380 50.916 64,998 38.2 24,017 62,925 North Carolina ------------------------District of Columbia------ ----------- Florida — -— — ------ -— ------- --- -Virginia--- ------ .-------- ----------Arkansas ------------------------------ 31.1 25.056 4,597 9,900 15.518 9.198 15.309 33.818 55.208 38,359 Maryland---------------- --------------Delaware -----------------------------Tennessee -----------------------------Texas--------------------------------New Jersey ---- — — — — --------- — 21.7 15-3 12.1+ 7.8 Missouri----- -------------------------Oklahoma -— -— -- ------ -------------Pennsylvania — -- ----- — .--- — -- -- — Illinois ------------------- ----------O h i o ---- — ------ ---- ----- -— --- — 6.7 5.9 5.7 5.5 . 5.3 West Virginia -------------------------Kentucky--- ---------------------- ---New T o r k ------- --- -— -— ------ ----Michigan---- ------ --- --- ----- ----Indiana----- ------- ■---- ----------- - 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.0 3.5 2,199 3.195 9.753 3.941 Kansas----- -- -------------------- --Connecticut ---------------------------California---- --- — ---- ------------Massachuse tt s ------- -- ---- — -------- 3-5 2.5 1.6 1.5 995 28,695 1,845 112,011 0.1+ 1,686 Continental United States 1/ ----- -— — States with 500 or more Negro live births 2/ — --------------------------- 29.3 28» 1 24.0 16.2 80,582 30.251 6,572 744 8,523 15.736 4,578 126,687 58,617 4,176 62,172 9.395 6.749 165,680 123,198 114,900 2,629 6,089 2,190 632 960 4,597 55.815 44,574 42,103 .63,591 196,888 99.108 61,963 25.195 66,114 379,170 1/ Territories and possessions are not shown because the information is not available, 2/ Ninety-nine percent (277»183) of the 278,869 Negro live births that occurred in the United States occurred in the 29 States with 500 or more Negro live births. 2/ The 20 States with less than 500 Negro live births. B 40-8 • https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 9 A All other States 30.0 20,998 23,682 PERCENTAGE OF LIVE BI RT HS THAT WERE NEGRO UNITED STATES AND EACH OF THE 29 STATES WITH 5 0 0 OR MORE NEGRO LIVE BIRTHS, 1940 Percent of live births 0 1 10 20 30 40 50 60 ---------------,------------------- 1------------------- r ------------------1------------------- 1------------------- 1 United States ! ■ ■ ■ ■ District of Columbia Arkansas Maryland _ Delaware _ Page 9 B Tennessee Texas New Jersey Missouri mmm Oklahoma ■ ■ ■ Pennsylvania 1llinois Ohio ■ ■ ■ West Virginia Kentucky New York Michigan = Indiana Kansas Connecticut ■T California ■ Massachusetts ■ U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU chart no . b 4 0 -8 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OP NEGRO LIVE BIRTHS WITH NO MEDICAL ATTENDANT; UNITED STATES AND EACH OP THE 29 STATES WITH 5OO OR MORE NEGRO LIVE BIRTHS, 1940 (States with 500 or more Negro live births are ranked according to percentage of Negro llye births with no medical attendant) State Negro live births With no medical ' attendant Total Percent Number Continental United States 1/ ------------ 90.8 141,738 278,869 States with.900 or more Negro live births --- ------- 51.1 141,696 277.183 Mississippi----------------------- ----------South Carolina--- ------------ — ►— ---- — --Arkansas -— ----- -- — --- --------- ---- ---- Georgia -------------------------------------Florida -------------------------------------- 83.I 24,387 17.53* 7.081 18,810 7.036 29.338 21,978 9.198 29,682 9.900 Alabama ---- -- — -— --- — -- ---- ---- -- -— North Carolina -------------------------------Virginia------- -------------- — --- ------- — Louisiana---- — — — --------- — ---— ----- — T e x a s ---------------------------------------- 69.3 59.5 59-4 57.2 47-7 Delaware ------------------------------------Oklahoma ------------------------------------Tennessee -----------------------------------Maryland--- -— ----- --- -------- -- ------ -— Mi ssouri-- — --------------------------- — --- 46.8 39.8 27.5 23.5 11.8 Kentucky---------- --------------------------Massachusetts ----------- ------ ----------- — West Virginia-------------------------------New Tork — — --------------------------------Michigan-- ---- -------- — -— ------- — --- — 9.9 4.6 1.8 1.4 1.1 New Jersey ----------------------------------California ----------------------------------Illinois------ — ---- --- ----- — --- ---- — Connecticut ————— — ——— —— ——— ——————— ——— — Pennsylvania------ ---------- — ------- ----- - 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 46 Kansas-------- ----- '-------------------------> Indiana-------------------------------------O h i o ---------------------------------------- District of Columbia -------------------------- 0.4 0.1 0.1 (2) 4 2 6 2 995 2,190 6.089 4,997 2.5 42 1,686 3/ -------------------------------- 16,690 29.096 19.518 348 1,046 2.346 1,544 744 2,629 8.523 494 4,176 316 3.195 960 2,199 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 20,998 15.736 6.572 44 39 i4o 44 9.753 3.941 4,578 1,849 6,749 16 52 3 48 l/ Territories and possessions are not shown because the information is not available. 2/ Less than one-tenth of 1 percent. 2/ The 20 States with less than 500 Negro live births. B >40-9 24,017 14,918 9,222 12,010 7.508 - 632 9.395 Page 10 A All other States 79-8 77.0 73-2 71.1 PERCENTAGE OF NEGRO LIVE BIRTHS WITH NO MEDICAL ATTENDANT UNITED STATES AND EACH OF THE 29 STATES WITH 500 OR MORE NEGRO LIVE BIRTHS, 1940 Percent .of live births 0 1 10 1~ 20 30 40 1 I i 50 60 70 80 90 100 1-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1 United States Mississippi South Carolina Arkansas Georgia Florida Alabama North Carolina Virginia Louisiana Texas Delaware Oklahoma Page 10 B Tennessee Maryland Missouri Kentucky M assachusetts West Virginia I New York I Michigan I New Jersey I California I Illin ois I Connecticut i Pennsylvania I Kansas I Indiana Ohio I . I District of Columbia ’ U.S. Departmentof Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU Digitized forC FRASER h a rt No. B 4 0 -9 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U.S. Bureau of the Census INFANT MORTALITY RATS, INFANT DEATHS, AND LIVE BIRTHS IN EACH STATS; UNITED STATES, (States are ranked according to infant mortality rate) State Continental United States--- -- ---------------- -O regon------------------------------- ------Minnesota — ---- -— -------- -— ------------Connecticut------ --------------------------Illinois ---- --------------------------------New Jersey ----------------------------------Washington — --------------------------------Nebraska — -— — --- ---------- — — -— — — -— I o w a ---------------------------------------New York — ----------------------------------Wisconsin------ -------- -— ----- -— ------- Massachusetts---- ----- --------------- -— — Ka n s a s---------- ---------------------------Rhode Island --- — — — -— ---— •--- --- --- -— South Dakota---- — — ---- — — -------- -— -— California ----------------------------------- Deaths in the first year of life per 1(000 live births 1*7.0 19UO Number of— Infant deaths Live births 110,984 2,360,399 588 17.848 53.083 25.195 123.198 58,617 28,l4l 32-9 33.3 34.1 35-3 1.769 858 4.3*3 2,086 35.6 1.005 35-7 35-7 22,162 38.1 38.2 792 1.670 7.322 2,04l 2,478 1.093 413 39-2 39.* 456 11.619 4,4ii 112,011 New Hampshire ------ ------------------------U t a h ----------------------------------------Michigan — --- -— — --- — — -- ----------- -O h i o ---------------------------------------Indiana----- ------------------ -- --Idaho Pennsylvania — -------------- -------------- — Vermont — ------- -— ----- — ---------— ~ — North Dakota ----- -— -------- ---------------Arkansas------ ----- ---- ------------------ Montana — ------------------------- -— ------Wyoming ------------------------------------Missouri-----------------------------------District of Columbia ------------------------Delaware-------- ----------------------------Maryland------- ------- -------- — •— ------- Oklahoma — -- ---- ----- ------------------ — Nevada — -----------------------------------Kentucky -----------------------------------Maine — — ------ -— — --- ------- ---- -— --Florida------------------------------.------West Virginia -------------------------------Mississippi ------------------------ --------Tennessee ----------------------------------- 40.0 40.6 40.7 41.4 41.9 42.3 44.7 3*0 551 4.033 4,759 2.596 495 7,4oo 8.503 13.559 45.0 45.1 45.7 301 603 North Carolina------------ -----------------Georgia ------------------------------------Virginia-- — ---- -------------------- ------Colorado--- ------ — ---------------------- — Alabama ---------------------------- --- 1----Louisiana — ---- ------------------------ ---South Carolina — — --- ----- — -------- --T e x a s-------- ------------------------------- 57.4 57.9 59-3 59.* 64.2 68.: 68. c Arizona ------------------------------------New Mexico — --------------------------------- 99.6 Territories and possessions 1/ Alaska -------------------------------------Hawaii -------------------------------------Puerto Ri' --------------------------------- (2) 44.7 (2) 37.2 37.2 37-5 1.752' 531 46.2 46.3 46.9 47.0 48.9 49.6 49.7 51.9 234 2.913 719 225 1.499 2,214 107 3.358 52.8 809 53.5 53.6 53.9 54.3 , 54.7 1,814 2,26? 2,854 3.052 4,629 IM 40-1 54,848 66,114 28,695 10,805 99.108 114,900 61,963 11,712 165,680 6,694 13.356 38.359 11,492 5,052 62,172 15.309 4,597 30,251 44,574 2,061 63.591 15,H9 33.818 42,103 52,575 55.815 3.864 3.271 3.024 8,685 126,687 991 1,468 11.754 14,744 (3) 421 (2) 9.4l4 (2) 3.272 1,266 8,221 the provisions of title Y, parts 1, 2, and 3» of the Social Security Act, which Children's Bureau. Alaska and Puerto Rico are not in the birth-registration area. Alaska is not in the death-registration area. v https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 196,888 80,582 64,998 55.208 21,154 62,925 50,916 44,380 3.761 84.3 45,464 Page 11A l/ Included under are administered by the 2/ Not available; 3/ Not available; 36.7 Page 11B https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis INTANT DEATHS, BY AGE IN MONTHS; UNITED STATES, 1940 Deaths in the first year of life 1/ Age at death Number Under 1 year ' Percent distribution 110,984 100 Under 1 month ------------------- 67,866 61 Under 1 day -----------------1 to 6 d a y s ---------------- 1 week ----------------------2 weeks ---------------------3 weeks ---------------------- 32,870 5*75^ 3,777 3,356 30 20 5 3 3 1 to 11 months ------------------ 43,118 39 8,246 6,769 5,55^ 7 6 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 J 1 month ---------------------months ------ — ---------- — months --------------------months --------------------months ------ -------------months --------------------months --------------------months --------------------months --------------------months--- -----------------months --------------------- 22,109 4,558 3,763 3,297 2,796 2,455 2,096 1,835 1.749 Page 12 A ------------- Data are for the Continental United States. Note: Of the 2,360,399 infants horn alive in 1940, 67.866 died in the first month of life; the neonatal mortality rate, therefore, was deaths per 1,000 live births. 29 Of the 2,292,333 infants that survived the first month of life 43,118 died before completing the first year of life; the mortality rate for infants in the second to twelfth month of life, therefore, was 19 deaths per 1,000 infants alive at the beginning of the second month of life. IM 40-2 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Pa g e INFANT DEATHS, UNITED 12 B BY AGE STATES, IN MONTHS 1940 Under I month 7 0 ,0 0 0 r 6 0 ,0 0 0 - Number of deaths 5 0 ,0 0 0 - 4 0 ,0 0 0 Under I Day 3 0 ,0 0 0 - 20,000 - 10,000 - I to 6 Days I .Week 2 Weeks 3 Weeks 0 L Under I Month I Month 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II Months Months Months Months Months Months Months Months Months Months Age at death U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU C hart No. I M 4 0 - 2 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census INFANT MORTALITY RATES, BY AGE; UNITED STATES EXPANDING BIRTH-REGISTRATION AREA, 1915-40 Deaths per 1,000 live births 1/ Year First year 48.0 51.0 -54.»? 57.1 55-7 28.8 29.3 ' 61.6 64.6 67.6 68.7 1929— 192S— 1927— 1926— 1925— 64.6 73.3 71.7 70.8 1924— 1923— 1922— 1921— 1920— - 77.1 76.2 75.6 85.8 86.6 31.3 32.4 15.1 15.0 100.9 93.8 101.0 99.9 32.6 Second to twelfth month 2/ 15.4 34.1 34.0 33.5 34.6 35.7 15.1 15.0 15 .O 15.0 36.9 37-2 36.1 37.9 37.8 15.3 15.3 15.1 15.2 15.0 38.6 39.5 39.7 39.7 41.5. l4.8 14.7 14.9 14.5 14.8 41.5 44.2 43.4 44.1 44.4 14.5 15.4 15.0 14.8 Expanding birth-registration area 1/ 2J 18.8 19.3 22.1 23.9 25.4 24.1 48 48 48 48 48 48 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 26.9 48 48 47 46 46 100.0 100.0 95-2 94.7 94.7 46 44 4o 35 33 94.7 94.3 33 30 30 27 23 76.2 72.3 72.3 65.4 59.8 22 20 20 11 10 58.6 53-6 53.6 32.5 31.1 25.0 24.9 28.0 30.0 31.9 32.7 29.6 36.8 35.2 33.5 39.2 38.0 37.4 46.3 47.1 59.3 52.6 59.6 58.1 15.0 Percent of United States population Number of States 87.6 77.0 76.2 Data are for the expanding birth-registration area in the Continental United Stateb. Deaths per 1,000 infants alive at the Beginning of the second month of life. The District of Columbia was in the area every year. It is not counted in the "Number of States." Year of Admission of Each State to the Birth-Registration Area Year State 1915— Connecticut Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New Hampshire New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island 1/ . Vermont District of Columbia 1916— 1917— 1/ 2/ IM 40-3 Year 1917 Continued-- Virginia Washington Wisconsin 1919-- California Oregon South Carolina 2/ State 1925-- West Virginia 1926-- Arizona Idaho 1927-- Alabama Arkansas Loui siana Missouri Tennessee Nebraska 1921-- Delaware Mississippi New Jersey 1928-- Colorado Georgia Oklahoma Illinois Montana Wyoming 1929-- Nevada New Mexico 1922-- 1924-- Florida Iowa North Dakota Dropped from the area in 1919? readmitted in 1921. Dropped from the area in 1925? readmitted in 19287 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Year 1920-- Maryland * Indiana Kansas Kentucky North Carolina Ohio Utah State 1932-- . South Dakota 1933-- Texas Page 13 A 1919— 1918— 1917— 1916— 1915— First day 13.9 14.1 l4.l 14.7 29.6 60.1 58.1 57.6 1934— 1933— 1932— 1931— I93O - - 2J Total 47.0 1940-1939— 1938— 1937— 1936— 1935— 1/ 2/ First month (Neonatal period) Page 13 B INFANT UNITED STATES MORTALITY EXPANDING RATES, BY AGE BIRTH-REGISTRATION AREA, 1 9 1 5 -4 0 150 100 90 80 DEATHS PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU C h o rt No. IM 4 0 - 3 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census CAUSES 07 DEATH II THE TIB.ST TEAR 07 LITE IUMBER 07 DEATHS, PERCEHTAGE DISTRIBUTION AID DEATH RATES UIITED STATES, 1940 Deaths in the first year of life l/ Cause of death lumber 100 47.0 64,017 58 27.1 32,3^ 29 10 10 13.7 4.7 4.4 2,827 3 1.2 5 2.5 0.5 All causes-------------------------- 110,984 Prenatal and natal causes ---------------- 11,038 10,506 5,91^ 1,251 135 1 (2) 0.1 "jj------------------ 18,838 17 8.0 Gastrointestinal diseases 4/ ---------- — - 9,814 9 4.2 Epidemic and other communicable diseases ¿/ 3,101 3 1.3 All other specified causes --------------- 9.531 8 4.0 Ill-defined and unknown causes ----------- 5,683 5 2.4 Respiratory diseases 1/ Data sure for the Continental United States. 2/ Less than 1 percent. ¿/ system. Influença, pneumonia, and other diseases of the respiratory 4/ Dysentery, diseases of the stomach, diarrhea and enteritis, and other diseasès of the digestive system. ¿/ Measles, scarlet fever, whooping cough, diphtheria, erysipelas, cerebrospinal (meningococcus) meningitis, and tuberculosis. IM »10-4 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 14 A Premature birth ----------------------Congenital malformations -------------Injury at birth ----------------------Congenital debility --- --------------Other diseases peculiar to the first year of life -----------------Syphilis ----------------------------Tetanus----------------------- r------ Percent Humber per 1,000 distri bution live births CAUSES PERCENTAGE OF IN F A N T DISTRIBUTION; DEATH UNITED STATES, 1940 Page 14 B U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN'S BUREAU Chart No. I M 4 0 -4 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census CAUSIS OF DEATH IN THE FIRST MOHTH OF LIFE HUMBER OF DE>THS, PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION AND DEATH RATES UNITED STATES, 1940 Deaths in the first month of life 1/ Cause of death Number Percent distri bution Number per 1,000 live births 67,866 100 28.8 Prenatal and natal causes ----------- 57,325 84 24.3 Premature birth --------------Injury at birth --------------Congenital malformations ---- — Congenital debility ----------Other diseases peculiar to the first year of life ---------Syphilis ---------------------Tetanus------------ --------- — 31.437 10,280 7,608 1.794 46 15 11 3 13.3 4.3 3.2 0.8 5,462 619 8 1 (2) 2.3 0.3 0.1 Respiratory diseases jj ------ ------- 3,256 5 1.4 Gastrointestinal diseases 4/ -------- 1,320 2 0.6 All other specified causes ---------- 2,693 4 l.l Ill-defined and unknown causes ------ 3.272 5 1.4 J J 125 1 Data are for the Continental United States. 2/ Less than 1 percent. ¿/ system. Influenza, pneumonia, and other diseases of the respiratory 4/ Dysentery, diseases of the stomach, diarrhea and enteritis, and other diseases of the digestive system. IM https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 40-5 Page 15 A All causes------------------- - CAUSES PERCENTAGE OF NEONATAL DISTRIBUTION; UNITED DEATH STATES, 1940 Page 1 5 B U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN'S BUREAU Chart No.l M 40~5 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from Ü. S. Bureau of the Census CAUSES 07 DEATH IN THE SECOND TO TWELFTH MONTH 07 LITE NUMBER 07 DEATHS, PERCENTAGE•DISTRIBUTION AND DEATH RATES UNITED STATES, 19^0 Deaths in the second to twelfth month of life 1/ Cause of death Number All causes — ‘---- — Number per 1,000 infants Percent distri-. alire at beginning bution of second month **3,U8 100 18. g --------- - 15,582 36 6.8 Gastrointestinal diseases ¿/ ------- - g,h9h 20 3.7 6,692 15 2.9 2,913 7 1.3 7,026 16 3-0 2,Ull 6 1.1 Respiratory diseases 2/ — - Prenatal and natal causes hj --— ---— Epidemic and other communicable diseases All Other specified causes --— — Ill-defined and unknown causes ---- -----— t 1/ • 2/ system. Data are for the Continental United States. Influenza, pneumonia, and other diseases of the respiratory ¿/ flyeentery, diseases of the stoaach, diarrhea and enteritis, and pther diseases of the digeptiye system. h/ Congenital malformations, congenital debility, premature hirth, injury'at birth, other diseases peculiar to the first year of life, syphilis, and tetanus. 5/ Measles, scarlet feyer, whooping cough, diphtheria, erysipelas,, cerebrospinal (meningococcus) meningitis, and tuberculosis. IM Uo-6 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 16 A --------- — CAUSES OF DEATH IN THE SECOND TO T W E L F T H MONTH OF L IF E PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION; UNITED STATES, 1940 Pa g e 1 6 B U- S- Department of Labor CHILDREN'S BUREAU Chart No. I M 4 0 - 6 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census INFANT MORTALITY RATES, BY CAUSE AND BY AGE; UNITED STATES EXPANDING BIRTH-REGISTRATION AREA, 1932-3lff 1935-37, and 1938-40 Deaths in the first year of life l/ Number per 1,000 live births Cause of death and period First year First month 58.6 55.7 48.7 33.8 32.1 29.2 30.8 27.3 Second to twelfth month Average annual number First year First month I23 *501 71,332 69.530 Second to twelfth month All causes: 1932-34 ------------- --1935-37 --------------- 1938-40 ----------------Prenatal and natal causes:. 2/ 1932-34------- -------------1935-37 ------ -- .------ --1938-40 ----- — — --------- — 24.8 23.6 112,177 67,328 64,955 63,494 63.257 57.634 56,500 56,507 8.0 20,665 3,731 1.4 6.6 20,818 :18 ,513. 3,180 0.8 0.7 4.9 0.6 5.4 5.3 4.3 3.Q 0.2 0.2 0.1 2.8 2.0 1.6 24.5 3.5 3*2 2:? Respiratory diseases: 3/ 1932-34 --- --------- — --1935-37 ---------------- --1938-40 -------------- — -— 9.8 9.6 1.8 1.6 . 8.0 Gastrointestinal diseases: 4/ 1932-34 --------------------1935-37 ------- -— ---- — ---1938-40 -------------- 6.2 8.0 6.0 2.2 1.7 All other specified causes: 1932-34 --------------------1935-37 --------------------1938-40 ---— ----------- 5.1 ¿4 >4.1 Ill-defined and unknown causes: 1932-34---------- ------ --1935-37 --- ---------------- 1938-40 ------ ------- --- - - 3-7 3.2 2.6 J 26.1 1.4 1.5 1.1 2.3 2.0 !.5 i ' 13,158 13.017 11,207 3,506 1,619 1,620 . 6,315 4,832 3,812 10,720 3.7 3.9 3-P : 11,737 9.463 ' 1.4 1*2 1.1 7,688 6,969 5.926 , 52,169 51.338 44,849 7,321 6,994 6,750 . 16,934 17.312 15,333 1.387 11.539 11,397 • 9,820 481 339 '• 233 5.834 ... 4,493 7 3,579 3,017. 3,320 .7,703 2,505 6,958 4,849 4,245 -3.516 8,417 2,839 2 J 24 2,410 1 Data are for the Continental United States. The birth-registration Area for I932 in cluded 95*2 percent of the population (all States hut Texas).- In every year from 1933 to 1940 it included the entire Continental United States. ■» ' , •* ' 2/ Congenital malformations, congenital debility, premature, birth, injury At birth, other diseases peculiar to the first year of life, syphilis, and tetanus* 3/ Influenza, pneumonia, and other diseases of the respiratory.system. 4/ Dysentery, diseases of the stomach, diarrhea and enteritis, and other diseases of the digestive system. ¿/ Measles, scarlet fever, whooping cough, diphtheria, erysipelas, cerebrospinal (meningo coccus) meningitis, and tuberculosis. IM 40-7 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis P a g e 17 A 19.5 29.3 27.4 Epidemic and other communicable diseases: 3/ 1932-34 --------------------1935-37 — ------ --- ------ 1938-40 --------------------- 120,868 IN F A N T M O R TA L IT Y UN ITE D STATES, RATES, BY CAUSE AND BY AGE 1 9 3 2 - 3 4 , 1 9 3 5 - 3 7 , AND 1938-40 D e a th s per 1,000 live b irth s 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 A ll causes 1 9 32-34 1935-37 1938-40 Prenatal and natal causes 1932-34 1935-37 1938-40 R esp irato ry diseases 1932-34 ___ K 1933-37 Page 17 B 1938-40 Gastrointest inal d iseases 1932-34 1935-37 1 9 38-40 Iffv & ÿ l Epidemic and com municable diseases 1 932-34 m 1 9 3 5 -3 7 1938-40 E3 E3 All other spec if ie d causes 1932-34 1935-37 mm 1 9 38-40 1ll-defined and unknown c a u s e s ____ 1 9 32-34 1935-37 BSxl 193 8 -4 0 m U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU C h a r t No. IM 4 0 - 7 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census INFANT MORTALITY BATE, INFANT DEATHS, AMD LIVE BIRTHS IH EACH STATE; WHITS INFANTS, UNITED STATES, 1938-40 (States are ranked according to infant mortality rate) State Deaths in the first year of life per 1,000 live births Negro White Average annual number of— White infant deaths White live births 90.576 2,018,860 577 16,687 23.521 50,460 52,540 26,467 21.977 9,680 10,948 ll4, 663 181,599 Continental United States --------------------------- 44.9 74.6 Oregon --------------------------------------Connecticut ---------------------------------Minnesota -----------------------------------New J ersey------------------------------- --Washington ----------------------------------Nebraska ------------------------------------District of Columbia -------------------------South Dakota — ------------------------------Illinois -— ------------- -------------------New York ------------------------------------Massachusetts--- --------------— -- ------ -— I o w a ------ ---------------- ---- -------- — — > -----------------Ka n s a s ------- --------------• Wisconsin -----------------------------------Rhode Island----- ---- ---- ----------------- - 34.6 34.8 35-3 35-4 35-4 35.5 35-9 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 67.9 (1 ) (1 ) 72.9 (1 ) Indiana -------------- ;-- ------------- — ----California----------------------------------Ohio — ---- — --------------------------------U t a h ----------------------------------------Michigan --- -- --- -- --------- ----- -------Montana -- -- -- -----------------------------Delaware ------------------------------------Idaho---------------------------------------Maryland------------------------------- -— — Pennsylvania------------------- ------ — ----Nevada — — -----------------------— --------New Hampshire--------------- -- -- — ---- ---Wyoming----------------- -------- -----------Missouri--- -— —— — — -- --- ------- — ----North Dakota--- -— -------- -— ---- — --- -— -Arkansas ------------------------------------Florida----------------------------- -------Oklahoma--------- ----------------------- — — Vermont------- ----- -------------- ----- ---- 4o.4 4l.J 4l.4 41.6 41.7 42.3 42.7 42.8 43-3 44.2 44.3 44.3 45.0 45.1 45*3 45.9 46.1 46.1 46.3 68.7 56.0 63.6 (1 ) 55.3 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) Mississippi --------------------*-------------Louisiana — -— >— ---------------- — ---- -— Alabama -----------------------------;--------Georgia----------------- --------------------Virginia------------- — — ----- — --------North Carolina ------------------------------Tennessee ---------- ----- — ----------------Kentucky ------------------------------------Maine --- --- — -------- --- ------ --- ----- — West Virginia -------------------------------South Carolina ------------------------------Colorado — ----------- ---------- ------- ----- 48.8 61.3 56.0 58.2 86.7 (1) Texas — — ------------------- ----- --------- — Ari so na ------------ — -— — — — — — --- — 65.O 81.0 (1) 7.003 77.9 764 107.793 9,802 101.4 (1) 1.407 13.875 (3) 41.9 (3) (5) (4) 74 1.772 (3) (3) Territories and possessions 2/ Al a s k a ---- — ----- ------------ ------------Hawaii----- ■--------------------------------Puerto Rico — — ----------------------------- 37.7 37.8 38.3 39.1 39.3 39-7 49.8 51.8 52.2 53.3 53-6 53-6 53-7 54.I 55.9 58.0 62.9 57.1 (1 ) 67.7 (1 ) (1 ) 82.7 66.0 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 86.0 (1 ) 53.5 78.8 87-3 (1) 86.0 75.3 75.0 84.5 79-3 78.0 89-4 (1) 76.1 1.859 937 780 347 403 4,2^5 6,849 2.370 1,683 1,101 2,122 4n 2,347 4,l64 4,396 546 3.878 438 159 481 988 6,851 79 358 217 2.524 578 1.297 1,048 1.835 299 1,147 -1,446 1,996 2,039 62,699 43,884 28,127 54,056 10,347 58.l4l 100,840 106,298 13.131 92,981 10,370 3.735 11,254 22,834 155.047 1.790 8,081 4,835 55.935 12,744 28,252 22,758 39.778 6,454 23.501 29.035 38,528 39.046 2,060 38,667 2,905 2.469 3.160 54,192 46,053 815 2,221 1,192 1,194 6,582 58,818 15,066 39.750 21,292 20,529 (3) (3) 1/ Not shown Because the number of Negro lire Births during the period was less than 2,500. 2/ Included under the provisions of title V, parts 1, 2, and 3, of the Social Security Act, which are administered By the Children's Bureau. 3/ Not available; Alaska and Puerto Rico are not in the Birth-registration area. 4/ Not available; Alaska is not in the death-registration area. 5j Not available; data for Hawaii are not tabulated separately. IM 40-8 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 18 A New Mexico---------------------- ---------- — 36.8 36.9 819 1,782 Page 18 B https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis INFANT MORTALITY RATS, INFANT DEATHS, AND LIVE BIRTHS; NEGRO INFANTS, UNITED STATES AND EACH OF THE STATES WITH 2,500 OR MORE NEGRO LIVE BIRTHS, 1938-40 (States are ranked, according to infant mortality rate) ZJ Deaths in the first year of life per 1,000 live births Negro White State Average annual number of— Negro infant deaths Negro live births Continental United States 1/ --- 74.6 44.9 20,317 272,210 States with 2,500 or more Negro live births during the period 2/ ---- 74.7 *5.3 20,104 269,232 53.5 55-3 ^5.9 41.7 41.3 37.8 36.9 48.8 37.7 41.4 470 Arkansas------- — — ---------Michigan----------------- ---- — California-- --- — --- --------Massachusetts ---- -------------Illinois -----------------------Mississippi ----------- — ------New York — -- -- ---- ------- -— O h i o ---------------------------- 56.0 57.1 58.0 61.3 62.9 63.6 66.0 Texas --------------------------Maryland -----------------------Virginia --------------------- -— Missouri — — --- — — — ----- -Louisiana-------- -— ----- ----South Carolina---- -------- ---— Oklahoma---------- ------- ---- Kentucky----- -- — --- ----- -— All other States 3/ ---- — --- ------- 67.7 67.9 68.7 72.9 75.0 75-3 44.2 39.1 35.^ 40.4 35.9 52.2 51.8 53 374 29,062 585 378 9.306 5.950 6o4 9,i 46 955 M53 2,024 4,384 25.747 23.569 2,274 65 302 139 320 55.9 53.6 46.1 53.6 81.0 82.7 84.5 65.0 1,223 86.0 S6.0 86.7 87.3 89.4 ^3.3 53.3 45.1 49.8 56.O 46.1 53.7 524 1,282 337 1.755 1 ,S60 72.0 43.2 79-3 1.790 935 6,452 1,780 1.932 1.774 173 64i 758 1.973 76.1 78.0 78.8 8,772 3,665 213 8,216 9.6l4 24,875 15,105 6.338 15.171 3.913 20,417 21,458 2,44l 286 3.200 213 2,978 •1/ Territories and possessions are not shown Because complete information is not available. 2/ Of the average annual number of Negro live births (272,210) and infant deaths (20,317) In the United States 99 percent (269,232 and 20,104, respectively) occurred in the 27 States with 2,500 or sure Negro live births during the period. 3/ The 22 States with less than 2,500 Negro live births during the period. IM 4.0-9 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 19 A Pennsylvania -------------------Kansas ------------ — ----------New Jersey ---------------------Indiana-- ------- ------ ------District of Columbia------- ---Georgia ------------------------Alabama ------ -------- ----- -— West Virginia — ---------- -----Tennessee------------------- -— Florida------ --------- ---- -— North Carolina --------- -— -- — 203 100 Page 19 B IN F A N T M O R TA LITY N E GFO INFANTS; RATE UNITED IN EACH STATES, STATE 1938-40 Deoths in the first year of life per 1,000 live deaths 4 8 - 64 65 - 79 □ 8 0 or more Less than 2,500 Negro live births U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU Chart No. I M 4 0 - 9 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U- S. Bureau of the Census INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INFANT DEATHS, AND LIVE BIRTHS BY RACE UNITED STATES EXPANDING BIRTH-REGISTRATION AREA, 1930-1«) Year Deaths in the first year of life per 1,000 live births 1 / Number of— L iv e In fa n t deaths Negro White I9I+O— 72.9 1+3.2 20,31+2 1939-- 73-2 1+1+.3 193«— 77.9 1937-- b irth s W hite 89,1+06 278,869 2,067.953 19.755 87,81+1 270,060 1,982,671 *+7.1 20,855 9*+,*+85 267,700 2,005,955 S2.0 50.3 21.513 97.061+ 262,1+62 1,928,1+37 1936-- 86.1 52.9 21,6ll+ 99,501+ 251,098 1 ,881,883 1935-- 81.9 51.9 20,905 97,907 255,121+ 1 ,888,012 193*1— 91.0 5*1.5 23.393 101,720 257,106 1 ,866,231 1933— 85.I+ 52.8 21,035 9*1,7*19 21+6,277 1,79*1,9*16 1932— 84.1 53.3 20,171 96,250 239,796 1 ,805,155 1931— 92.7 56.7 21,716 10*1,853 23U .203 1,81+8,293 239.275 1 ,91+6,81+1 1930— 1/ 99-5 23,812 116 ,081+ 59-6 Data are for the Continental United States. registration area in 1930 and 1931 The birth- included 9*1-7 percent of the popu lation (all States except South Dakota and Texas); in 1932. 93*2 per cent (all States except Texas). In every year from 1933 to 19^0 it included the entire Continental United States. IM 1+0-10 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Pa g e .20 A Negro W hite Negro INFANT MORTALITY RATES AMONG WHITE AND NEGRO INFANTS Deaths Page 20 B per 1 ,0 0 0 liv e b ir t h s UNITED STATES, 1 9 3 0 - 4 0 U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN'S BUREAU C hart No. I M 4 0 - 1 0 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S- Bureau of the Census INFANT MORTALITY RATES, BT AGE AND BX RACE, IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS UNITED STATES, 1940 Deaths in the first year of life 1/ Number per Number Age and area Total White All other races Total White til other races By Place of Residence First year Urban 2/ --------Rural 2/ --------- 42.3 50.7 39-0 46.7 71.6 75.0 43,735 67,249 36,233 53,173 7,502 14,076 28.0 29.3 26.4 27.9 42.3 38.3 28,952 38,914 24,516 31,737 4,436 7,177 14.7 22.0 13.0 19.4 30.5 38.2 14,783 28,335 11,717 21,436 3,066 6,899 First month Urban 2/ --------Rural 2/ --------Second to twelfth month By Place of Occurrence First year Urban 2/ — — :---Rural 2 / --------- 43.8 50.5 40.7 46.3 75.5 72.7 54,170 56,814 45,695 43,711 8,475 13,103 25.3 32.6 22.1 ‘ 33.2 56.3 29.3 31,204 36,662 24,878 31,375 6,326 5,287 19.1 18.5 19.0 13.5 20.3 44-7 22,966 20,152 20,817 12,336 2,149 7,816 First month Urban 2/ --------Rural 2 / --------Second to twelfth month Urban 2/ --- -----Rural 2/ --------- 1/ - Data are for the Continental United States. 2/ Urban areas include cities of 10,000 or more population; all other areas are classified as rural. 2/ Deaths per 1,000 infants alive at the beginning of the second month of life. IM 40-11 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Pa g e 2 1 A Urban 2/ -------Rural 2/ — »------ Page 2 1 B INFANT MORTALITY RATES, BY AGE, AMONG RESIDENTS OF URBAN AND RURAL AREAS UNITED 0 . 10 20 STATES, 1940 Deaths per 1,000 live births 30 40 1 ------------------ 1-------------------- 1---------------- ---- 1----- *------------- 1 50 : 60 *“ First year Urban Rural First month Urban Rural Second to twelfth month U rb an Rural U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU Chart No. i m 40 -u https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis , • Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census MATERIAL MORTALITY RATS, MATERNAL DEATHS, AND LIVE BIRTHS IH EACH STATS; UHlTED STATES, 1940 (States are ranked according to maternal mortality rate) of— U Continental United States----- ------------- -— Maternal deaths • State 1 Maternal deaths per 10,000 live births 1/ Live births -— - 37.6 8,876 2.360,399 Horth Dakota -— — -------------------------Minnesota ---- ------- — — ----------- ----- Rhode Island -------------------------------Oregon -------------------------------------U t a h ---------------------------------------Maryland -----------------------------------California — ---------------------------- .--Massachusetts------ ;------------------------Wisconsin -— ---- --------------------------- Connecticut--------- ---------- ■------------Indiana ---- -— »---- ------------------------Michigan--- ---- --- -- ------------- ---- -— District of Columbia---------- ------------ — Illinois — ■---------------------------------Hew York --------- ----------- — ------ — -- Hew J e rsey------- --------------------------- 17.2 22.2 23 118 27 45 36 84 13.356 53.083 25.0 25.2 26.6 27.8 29.4 29.7 29.7 29.9 M a i n e ---- — -— -— ----- — >•— ---- ----- --Colorado ---------------------------------- — Wyoming — — — — — — --- — — ---- — ------ --Virginia ----------- ----- — — --- ---- — — T e x a s --- -----------------------------------Hew Mexico ----- — -- ---- ------- ---- --- ■— Tennessee ----------------------------------Nevada ----------------- -— ----------- ----Arkansas --------- --------------------------- 4o.7 4i.6 44.9 46.0 46.8 47.5 48.5 48.7 366 585 175 30.5 30.6 31.8 32.0 32.2 32.5 33-3 34.4 35.0 35.9 35.9 36.0 36.8 40.3 50.2 51.6 53.* 54.4 56.9 61.3 62.8 61,963 99.108 15.309 123,198 196,888 58,617 11,492 35 86 27 71 370 538 140 40 159 42 24 22,162 114,900 165,680 42,103 11.619 229 229 107 177 62,172 28,695 61 86 21 248 . 17,848 13.559 30.251 112,011 66,114 54,848 25.195 28,l4l 8,503 45,464 11.712 6,694 63.591 44,574 15.119 21,154 5.052 55.208 583 69 265 10 126,687 187 38 «.359 59 4i6 11,754 14,744 55.815 2,061 272 80,582 50,916 25 370 4.597 64,998 386 62,925 330 67.8 219 301 52,575 33,818 44,380 (3). 24.4 (3) (4) 23 334 (3) 9.4i 4 (3) 64.8 1/ Deaths due directly to diseases of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (numbers 140-150 of the International List of Causes of Death, 1938 revision). 2/ Included under the provisions of title V, parts 1, 2, and 3* of the Social Security Act, which are administered by the Children1s Bureau. 3/ Hot available; Alaska and Puerto Rico sure not in the birth-registration area. 4/ Hot*available; Alaska is not in the death-registration area. MM 40-1 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page . 22 A 37-3 39.7 Territories and possessions: 2/ A l aska-------------------------------------Hawaii------ -------- --- ------ -----------Puerto Rico — — ----------------------------- 186 154 71 178 289 45 29.2 Montana----------------------*------------- — Washington-------------------------------- — Hew Hampshire -------------------------------Nebraska -----------------------------------O h i o ----------------------- ----------------Pennsylvania -------------------------------West Virginia — -----------------------------South Dakota-- ----- ---- ■--- ---- — --- -— ;— I o w a -- ------- — — — — — — ,--- -— — — -Idaho------ --------------------------------Vermont--- — ----- -- -— — ---- -----------Kentucky-- -------- 1 ---- ---- — — — ------ Missouri----------- •------------------------Kansas-------------- — ---- ------ ---- ---- Oklahoma ------------------------------------ Arizona ------------------------------------Horth Carolina ------------------------------Louisiana — ------ -— — — — ---- -— -- — --Delaware -----------------------------------Georgia ------------------------------------Alabama — ----- — ---------- --------------Mississippi------------------ --------------Florida -------------------------------- ----South Carolina----------------------------— - 312 27.9 28.1 28.1 28.2 28.7 10,805 Pa g e MATERNAL M O R TA L IT Y U N ITED 22 B RATE STATES, IN EACH STA TE 1940 U. S. Deportment of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU Chart No. m m https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 40-1 Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES, BY AGE; UHITED STATES, 1940 Maternal deaths per Age at death 10,000 live births l/ \ Humber of— Maternal deaths Live births Total -------- 37-6 8,876 Under 15 years - - — 138.2 *5 3.257 2,360,399 37-9 1,139 2 0 - 2 4 years ------ 24.0 1,775 738,436 25 years ------ 30.4 1,964 645,867 30 - 34 years ------ 44.7 1.790 400,225 35 39 years ------ 7^.5 1,498 201,120 4 0 - 4 4 years ------ '95.7 583 60,915 years or over --- 131.4 73 5,555 Age unknown -------- 21.0 9 4,277 15 45 - 19 - _ 29 1/ Data are for the Continental United States; the deaths are those dhe directly to diseases of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (numbers 140-150 of the International List of Causes of Death, 1938 revision). MM 40-2 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 2 3 a years ------ 300,747 MORTALITY RATES, UNITED STATES, 1940 BY AGE Page 23 B Deaths per 10,000 live births M ATtRNAL 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Age at death (years) U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU Chart No. M M 4 0 - 2 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census MATERNAL DEATHS IN RELATION TO TIME OF DELIVERY NUMBER OF DEATHS, PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION, AND DEATH RATE UNITED STATES, I9UO Maternal deaths 1/ Death in relation to time of delivery Number per 10,000 live births Number Percent distribution 8,876 100 37*6 392 4 1.7 During or after abortion 2/ ---------------------- 1,682 19 7*1 Before delivery --------------------------------- 1,298 15 5*5 During or after childbirth ¿ / ---- ---- --------- 5,504 62 23*3 To t a l--- --------------------------------Ectopic gestation*------------------------------- Number of Deaths and Percentage Distribution, by Cause, in Relation to Time of Delivery Maternal deaths 1/ Cause of death Number Percent distri bution Number Percent distri bution Number 1,298 — 2,207 40 72 1,231 22 55 4 1,587 29 304 24 479 9 1,682 100 Infection ----------------- 85 22 1,334 n 80 5 939 IO9 7 I 59 9 Hemorrhage, trauma, or shock 307 All other and unspecified — — ij 78 — Percent distri bution 100 100 — Number 5,504 392 — Percent distri bution 100 Total -------------- Toxemias ------------------ During or after childbirth 2/ Before delivery — Deaths in the Continental United States that were due directly to diseases of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (numbers 140-150 of the International List of Causes of Death, 1938 revision). 2/ Abortion is defined as the termination of a uterine pregnancy prior to 7 lunar months (28 weeks) of gestation. 3/ more of gestation. MM ' Childbirth is defined as ¿he termination of a uterine pregnancy at 7 lunar months (28 weeks) or 4O-3 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 24 A Ectopic gestation During or after abortion 2/ MATERNAL D EATHS IN R EL A T IO N TO TIME OF D E L IV E R Y UNITED STATES, 1940 PERCENTAGE D IS T R IB U T IO N , BY T I ME OF DELI VERY PERCENTAGE Ectopic gestation DISTRIBUTION, BY CAUSE, IN RELATION TO T IM E OF DELIVERY During or after Before During or afte abortion delivery childbirth 1----------------- 1 In fe c tio n T o x e m ia s 1--------- H em orrhage, O t h e r and t r a u m a , or shock u n s p e c ifie d U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU C h a r t No. M M 4 0 - 3 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis B a s e d on d a t a from U. S. B u r e a u o f th e C e n s u s CAUSES OF MATERNAI DEATH HUMBER OF DEATHS, PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION, AND DEATH RATES UNITED STATES, I9UO Maternal deaths 1/ Cause of death Humber Humber per 10,000 live births Percent distribution All causes -------------------------------- 8,876 100 37.6 Infection -------------------------------------- 3.626 kl 15.^ Toxemias----------------- ■---------------------- 2,250 25 9.5 Hemorrhage, trauma, or shock -------------------- 2,058 23 8.7 All other and unspecified ----------------------- 942 11 k.o I Number of Deaths and. Percentage Distribution, by Time of Delivery, for Each Cause Infection Death in relation to time of delivery Humber T o t a l --------------- - 3.626 100 85 2 1.331* 37 Ectopic gestation ---------During of after abortion 2/ - Percent distri bution Before delivery ------------ — During or after childbirth ¿/ 2,207 — Humber 2,250 Percent distri bution 100 — — 80 3 939 6l 1,231 Other and unspecified causes Hemorrhage, trauma, or shock Toxemias 55 Percent distri bution Humber Percent distri bution 2,058 100 942 100 307 15 — — IO9 5 159 17 55 3 304 32 1,587 77 479 51 Humber ' 1/ Deaths in the Continental United States that were due directly to diseases of pregnancy, child birth, and the puerperium (numbers 140-150 of the International List of Causes of Death, 1938 revision). 2/ Abortion is defined as the termination of a uterine pregnancy prior to 7 lunar months (28 weeks) of gestation. 2/ Childbirth is defined as the termination of a uterine pregnancy ai 7 lunar months (28 weeks) or more of gestation. MM 40-4- https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 25 A Maternal deaths 1/ CA USES OF M A T E R N A L DEAT H UNITED STATES, 1940 PERCENTAGE D IS T R IB U T IO N , BY CAUSE Hemorrhage, trauma, or shock 23 % Page 25 B Toxemias 25% PERCENTAGE D ISTR IB U TIO N , BY TIME OF DELIVERY, Infection Toxemias FOR EACH Hemorrhage, trauma, or shock CAUSE Other and unspecified E c to p ic D u rin g or B e fo re D u r i n g or g e s ta tio n a fte r a b o rtio n d e liv e ry a f t e r c h ild b irth U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU C h a r t No. MM 4 0 - 4 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis B a s e d on d a t a f r o m U. S. B u r e a u of t h e C e n s u s MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE FROM INFECTION, MATERNAL DEATHS FROM THIS CAUSE, AND LIVE BIRTHS IN EACH STATE UNITED STATES, 19^0 (States are ranked according to maternal mortality rate) Maternal deaths from infection per 10,000 live births 1 State f Continental United States ----------------------- 15-^ Number of-Maternal deaths from infection 3.626 6.0 6.6 9.« 10.1 li.i 11.2 11.3 ll.i* n.7 11.8 11.9 12.0 13.1 13-5 13-5 13-5 13.7 13.7 13.9 8 9 52 18 12 3l* 112 128 33 10 ll*7 ll* 83 89 79 71* O h i o -------------------------------------West Virginia -----------------------------Montana ----------------------------------New York ---------------------------------Idaho ------------------------------------Pennsylvania -----------------------------Virginia ---------------------------------I o w a -------------------------------------M a i n e -------------------- ------ *— .-------North Carolina ----------------------------Texas ------------------------------------Oklahoma ---------------------------------New Mexico-------- ------------------------Wyoming ------------------- ---------------Missouri ----------------------------------Vermont ---------------------- ------------Arkansas ----------------------------------Kansas -----------------------------------Tennessee ---------------------------------Arizona ------------ ----------------------Nebraska----------------------:-----------Mississippi -------------------------------Nevada ------------------------------------ ll+.i* 1M.7 ii*.g li+.g 15.1+ 15.5 165 62 * Louisiana ---------------------------------Georgia ----------------------------------Alabama----------------------------------— Colorado ----------------------------------South Carolina--- ---------- -------------Florida-------------------------- --------Delaware--------------------- . * ------------ Territories and possessions: 2/ A laska-------------------------------- --Hawaii -----------------------------------Puerto R i c o ------------------------------- 15.6 16.3 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 17.6 17.8 17.9 17.9 18.2 18.5 18.6 18.7 19.0 19.1* 19.1* 20.2 20.5 21 85 35 17 292 18 256 86 71* 25 13U 211 75 26 9 ill 12 70 53 10I+ 22 1*2 102 1* 103 133 I# 2,360,399 13.356 13.559 53.083 17,81*8 10,805 30,251 99,108 112 ,011 28,11*1 8,503 123,198 11,619 63,591 66,lii* 58,617 5I*,81*8 15,309 61,963 25,195 111*,900 1*2,103 11 ,1*92 196,888 11,712 165,680 55,208 1*5 ,1*61* 15,H9 80,582 126,687 1*1*.57I+ ll*,71*1* 5,052 62,172 6,691* 38,359 28,695 . 55.815 ll,75i* 22,162 52,575 2,061 50 ,916 61*.998 1*6 102 62,925 21,151+ 1*1*,380 30.5 81 ll* 33,818 1+.597 (3). (1*) 21.3 21.7 23.0 2U .0 10.6 (3) 10 121 (3) 9 ,1*11* (3) 1/ Deaths due directly to infection with mention of abortion, ectopic gestation, or childbirth (numbers ll*0, ll*2a, and ll*7 of the International List of Causes of Death, 1938 revision). 2/ Included under the provisions of title V, parts 1, 2, and 3. of the Social Security Act, which are administered by the Children’s Bureau. 3/ Hot available; Alaska and Puerto Rico are not in the birth-registration area. •+/ Not available; Alaska is not in the death-registration area. MM 1+0-5 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 2 6 A North Dakota ------------------------------U t a h ------------------------------------- Minnesota----------------------- --------Oregon -----------------------------------Rhode Island ------------------------------Maryland---------------------------■------Michigan------------------------------- --- California------------------------ -------Washington --------------------------------New Hampshire -----------------------------Illinois ---------------------------------South Dakota ------------------------------Kentucky ---------------------------------Massachusetts *----------------------------New Jersey----- --------------------------Wisconsin ---------------------------------District of Columbia----------- ----------Indiana -----------------------------------Connecticut --------------------------------- Live births Pa g e MATERNAL MORTALITY 26 B RATE FROM INFECTION IN EACH STATE UNITED STATES, 1940 U- S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU Chart No. M M 4 0 - 5 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis □_ . , . , ... _ „ Based on data from U. S- Bureau of the Census 5 MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE FROM TOXEMIAS, MATERNAL DEATHS FROM THIS CAUSE, AND LIVE BIRTHS IN EACH STATE UNITED STATES, 1940 (States are ranked according to maternal mortality rate) Maternal deaths from toxemias per 10,000 . live births 1/ Maternal deaths from toxenjias Live births 9.5 2,250 2,360,399 North Dakota ---------------------------Oregon — -------------------------------Rhode Island ---------------------------Idaho---------- -------------- 1---------Nebraska--------------------------------Maryland------------ •-------------------New York -------------------------------Wisconsin ------------------------------Massachusetts ---------------------------Minnesota ------------------------------District of Columbia --------------------New Jersey -----------------------------California -----------------------------Connecticut ------------------------------ 2.2 2.8 2.8 3-1* 3.6 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 5.4 5.6 3 5 3 4 8 13 84 24 30 24 7 27 61 l4 13.356 17,848 10,805 Illinois--- — -------------------------Michigan -------------------------------Ohio ------------------- --------------Kansas-------------------------r------- wPennsylvania ---------------------------Indiana --------------------------------West Virginia ---------------------------Iowa ------------------------- -----------Vermont --------------------------------Montana --------------------------------Wyoming ------------ --------------------Colorado------- -------------------------U t a h -----------------------------------Missouri — -------------------------------Washington----------- >------------------Delaware------ *— ----------- \----------Nevada -------------- --------------------- 6.0 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.6 6.8 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.« 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.4 8.5 8.7 9.7 74 60 74 19 South Dakota ---------- ------------------New Hampshire ---------------------------Kentucky -------------------------------Oklahoma -------------------------------New Mexico--- *-------------------------Arizona----- ,------------------- -------Tennessee — .---------------------------Texas ----------------------------------M a i n e -------------- --------------------Virginia----- .----------- --------------Louisiana ------------------------------Arkansas ---------------- ---------------North Carolina --------------------------Georgia --------------------------------Florida------------------------------ :— South Carolina------ -------------------Alabama --------------------------------Mississippi ------------------------------ 10.3 10.6 11.2 11.2 11.5 '11.9 13.6 13.8 13.9 14.1 14.3 15.6 17.9 I8.5 21.0 22.1 State Continental United States 2 / ------ -— 109 42 31 34 5 9 4 17 ll 52 24 4 2 12 9 71 50 17 14 76 175 21 78 73 60 144 120 71 98 145 138 11,712 22,162 30¿251 196,888 54,848 66,114 53.083 15,309 58,617 112,011 25,195 123,198 99,108 114,900 28,695 165,680 61,963 42,103 45,464 6,694 11,492 5,052 21,154 13.559 62,172 28,l4l 4.597 2 ,06l 11,619 8,503 63.591 44,574 l4j44 11,754 55,815 126,687 15.119 55,208 50,916 38,359 80,582 64,998 33,818 44,380 62,925 52,575 l/ Deaths due directly to convulsive and nonconvulsive toxemias of pregnancy and the puerperium (numbers l4la, l4lc, 144, and 148 of the International List of Causes of Death, 1938 revision). 2/ Territories and possessions are not shown because the information is not available. MM 1+0-6 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 2 7 A 23.0 26.2 Number of— Pa g e 27 B MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE FROM TOXEMIAS IN EACH STATE U N IT E D STATES, 1940 U. S. Deportment of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU Chart No. MM 4 0 - 6 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data f rom jj g g u re a u Qf fhe Census MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE FROM HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMA, OR SHOCK, MATERNAL DEATHS FROM THIS CAUSE, AND LIVE BIRTHS IN EACH STATE; UNITED STATES, 1940 (States are ranked, according to maternal mortality rate) Maternal deaths from hemorrhage, trauma, or shock per 10,000 live births 1/ Maternal deaths from hemorrhage, trauma, or shock Live births Continental United States 2/ ------ 8.7 2,058 2.360,399 Indiana --------------------------------Colorado 5.3 33 State • Coiuiëü ticut 12 5.7 13 5.9 6.4 6.5 16 3 35 6.6 n o r m uaKota ———— Massachusetts South Dakota Washington Kentucky ——————— Rhode Island ————— Ulb li’lLu OX UOi.wuuJTST^" nicnigan Alabama —————— Kansas ————————— Louisiana — ——— — South Carolina ———————— g.o 8.0 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.5 8.7 8.8 8.8 8.9 9.0 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.7 10.0 10.1 10.4 10.4 10.8 12.8 12.8 12t8 13.7 13.9 19.4 ' 27 31 13 10 50 47 9 9 22 33 12 44 4 51 133 91 160 11 95 9 38 13 105 86 13 48 52 6 28 8 53 63 - 61,963 21.154 22,162 25,195 4,597 53.083 38,-359 44,574 17,848 13,356 66,114 62,172 11,619 11,492 28,141 42,103 15.119 55.815 5,052 63.591 165,680 112,011 196,888 13,559 114,900 10,805 45,464 15,309 123,198 99,108 14,744 54,848 58,617 6,694 30,251 8,503 55,208 64,998 63 62,925 29 28,695 80,582 84 132 57 15 15 65 61 47 4 126,687 52,575 11,754 11,712 50,916 44,380 33,818 2,061 W Deaths due directly to hemorrhage, trauma, or shock during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or the puerpérium (numbers l4lb, l42b, 143, l46, and 149 of the International List of Causes of Death, 1938 revision). 2/ Territories and possessions are not shown because the information is not available. MM 40-7 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 28 A utan —————————— 7.0 7.0 7.3 7-5 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.9 Number of— Page 28 B MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE FROM HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMA, OR SHOCK IN EACH STATE UNITED STATES, 1940 U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU Chart No. MM40-7 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U.S. Bureau of the Census MATERNAL m o r t a l i t y r a t e , m a t e r n a l d e a t h s , a h d l i v e b i r t h s UHITBD STATES EXPANDING BIRTH-REGISTRATION AREA, 1915-40 Maternal deaths per 10,000 live births 1/ Year 1934— 1929— 192&-- 69.5 69.2 1927— 1926— 1925-- 65.6 2,360,399 2,265,588 2,286,962 2.203,337 2,144,790 2,155.105 48 48 48 48 48 48 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2,167.636 2,081,232 2,074,042 2,112,760 2,203,958 48 48 47 46 46 100.0 100.0 2.169,920 2.233.1^ 2,137.836 1 ,856,068 1 ,878,880 46 44 40 35 33 94.7 94.3 87.6 77.0 76.2 1,930,614 1.742,646 1.774,911 l,7l4,26l 1,508,874 33 30 30 27 23 76.2 72.3 72.3 65.4 59.8 1.3T3.j!38 1,363.649 1.353.792 818,983 776.304 22 20 20 11 10 58.6 53.6 53.6 32.5 31.1 12,859 12,885 13.120 13,964 14,836 64.7 15,084 15.461 13.837 64.7 12,158 65.6 66.5 12.672 11,922 66.4 68.2 79-9 11.792 12,168 11,688 12,05s 91.6 73-7 10,127 12,496 66.2 8,958 62.2 60.8 5.091 4,719 95.2 9^.7 9^.7 are those due directly to diseases of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (numbers 140-150 of the International List of Causes of Death, 1938 revision). 2/ The District of Columbia was in the area every year. It is not counted in the Number of States. Year of Admission of Each State to the Birth-Registration Area State Year 1915-- Connecticut Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New Hampshire New York Pennsylvania Rhode Island 1/ Vermont District of Columbia 1916-- Maryland 1917— Indiana Kansas Kentucky North Carolina Ohio Utah 1/ 2/ MM 40-8 Year State Virginia 1917 Conti- Washington nued— Wisconsin 1919“ California Oregon South Carolina 2/ State Year 1925— West Virginia 1926— Arizona Idaho 1927— Alabama Arkansas Louisiana Missouri Tennessee 1920— Nebraska I92I— Delaware Mississippi New Jersey 1928— Colorado Georgia Oklahoma Illinois Montana Wyoming 1929— Nevada New Mexico 1932— South Dakota 1933— Texas 1922— 1924— Florida Iowa North Dakota Dropped from the registration area in 1919» readmitted in 1921. Dropped from the registration area in 1925; readmitted in 1928. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 29 A 1919-1918— ’I917-1916— 1915-- Percent of United States population 12,182 12,544 67.3 1924— 1923— 1922-1921— 1920— Number of States 2/ 10,769 59.3 61.9 63.3 66.1 Live births 9.151 9.953 56.8 58.2 1933-1932-1931-1930-- Maternal deaths 8,876 37-6 40.4 43-5 48.9 1940— 19391— 1938— 1937— 1936— 1935“ Expanding birth-registration area 1/ Number of— Page 29 B MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES Deaths per 1 0 ,0 0 0 live b irth s UNITED STATES EXPANDING BIRTH - REGISTRATION AREA, 1 9 1 5 - 4 0 U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU chart No. m m 4 0 - 8 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE, MATERIAL DEATHS, AND LIVE BIRTHS IN EACH STATE; WHITE WOMEN, UNITED STATES, 1' ’8-40 (States are ranked according to maternal mortality rate) Maternal deaths per 10,000 live births 1/ State Average annual number of— White live births White maternal deaths Negro Continental United States----------- •-- 35.0 80.4 7.056 2,018,860 North Dakota ---------------------Minnesota ------------------------Connecticut ----------------------Oregon ---------------------------Wisconsin —-----------------------Rhode Island ---------------------Maryland -------------------------U t a h ----------------------------California -----------------------Illinois -------------------------Montana --------------------------New Jersey -----------------------New Y o r k -------------- ----------Michigan -------------------------South Dakota------------ ---------Washington -----------------------Idaho-------------------- -------Indiana --------------------------I o w a ----------------------------Nebraska -------------------------Massachusetts---------------- ---- 20.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 52.1 (2) 81.9 63.0 (2) 57.6 79.9 57.3 (2) (2) (2) 79.1 (2) (2) 67.8 27 131 12,744 50,460 23,521 16,687 54,056 10.347 22,834 13.131 100,840 114,663 10,370 54.2 (2) 135 28 138 369 540 6 34 23 West Virginia------------------- — New Hampshire --------------------Oklahoma -------------------------O h i o ----------------------------Pennsylvania ---------------------Nevada--------------------- -----District of Columbia ------ ------Vermont --------------------------Virginia — »-----------------------Kansas ---------------------------Missouri--- --------- ■---------- — Wyoming --------------------------Kentucky ------------------- *----Delaware -------------------------Arizona --------------------------North Carolina -------------------Louisiana ------------------------Maine ----------------------------Texas ----------------------------Arkansas -------------------------Mississippi ----------------------Tennessee ------------------------Colorado -------------------------Georgia --------------------------Alabama --------------------------South Carolina -------------------New Mexico -----------------------Florida -------- -- ---------------Territories Alaska Hawaii Puerto and possessions: 2/ ---------------------------------- -------------------R i c o -------- -------------- 26.0 26.1+ 28.0 28.2 28.7 29.1 29.2 29-5 29.8 29.9 30.8 30.8 3i.*+ 31.4 31-5 32.3 32.3 32.A 32.9 33.3- 34.0 34.6 3^.6 3b, 1 34.8 35-^ 35-5 36.2 . 36.9 37.2 37-2 37.2 37.9 38.4 38.8 39.4 41.9 42.0 42.8 43.3 125.6 66.7 62.7 (2) 66.1 (2) 81.3 73.3 63.9 (2) 87-5 (2) (2) 75.2 81.0 (2) 102.4 85.9 73.3 62 47 152 30 66 38 297 342 31 162 52,540 559 181,599 92,981 10,948 26,467 11 ,254 58,l4l 43,884 21.977 62,699 292 34 83 36 188 142 72 209 9,680 6,454 38,667 28,127 55.935 4.835 58,818 3.735 9,802 54,192 29.035 208 18 223 14 38 214 122 63 46l 15,066 107.793 28,252 23,501 46,053 122 100.2 52.0 (2) 80.3 87.7 89.2 (2) 106.4 95 182 182 101 66 118 - » (4) 30.1 (4) (4) (6) (4) 46.1 46.6 47.2 47.4 47.8 106,298 155.047 1.790 143 105 104 204. 44.3 44.4 39.750 8,081 39.778 (5) 5 259 20,529 39,046 38,528 21,292 ... 13,875 22,758 (4) 1,772 (4) Deaths due directly to diseases of pregnancy, childbirth, and the pueruerium (numbers 14Q-150 of the International List of Causes of Death, 1938 revision). 2/ Not shown because the number of Negro live births during the period was less than 2,500. Included under the provisions of title V, parts 1, 2, and 3 ., of the Social Security Act, which are administered by the Children's Bureau. 4/ Not available; Alaska and Puerto Rico are not in the birth-registration area. 5 / Not available; Alaska is not in the death-registration area. 6 / Not available; data for Hawaii are not tabulated separately. ■¡J MM 1+0-9 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis PAGE 30 A White https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE, MATERNAL DEATHS, AND LIVE BIRTHS; NEGRO WOMEN, UNITED-STATES AND EACH OF THE 27 STATES WITH 2,500 OR MORE NEGRO LIVE BIRTHS, 1938-40 . (States are ranked according to maternal mortality rate) Maternal deaths per 10,000 live births 1/ Average annual number of— Negro maternal deaths Negro live births Negro White Continental United States 2/---- 80.4 35.0 2,189 272,210 States with 2,500 or more Negro live births during the period j/--- 80.5 35.7 2,168 269,232 . 52.1 54.2 2 9 .I 34.0 33 12 6,338 2,274 Michigan-- |-- ------- < ---------New Jersey --------------------Pennsylvania ~ — 1---------------Illinois ----- ------ -- --------Missouri-------------- -— — ---- 57.3 57.6 62.7 63.0 63.9 31.4 30.8 34.8 29.8 37.2 21 26 57 41 \ 25 3,665 4,453 9,146 6,452 3,913 District of Columbia-- ;---------Ohio-------------------- ----- •Massachusetts---------- -------Kansas------------------------Mississippi----- — 1 -- --- -----North Carolina----- :-----------Indiana------ -— i j -------- -----New Y ork-----— -- --------------Georgia--------------- : --------Louisiana---------- ---------'-Virginia-------------------- -— 5 California----- ----------------- 66.1 66.7 67.8 73-3 73.3 75.2 79.1 79-9 80.3 81.0 81.3 81.9 35.5 34.7 33-3 37.2 44-3 39.4 32.3 30.8 46.6 41.9 36.9 29.5 29 40 6 Arkansas--------— : ---------- --Kentucky — ----- ----- ----- -— -— Alabama---- • -------------------- 1 South Carolina -----------------Tennessee---------------- -— --- • Texas------- ---------------- -— -Florida------------ ■---- ------ Oklahoma-------------i— — -- --- 85.9 87.5 87.7 89.2 100.2 102.4 106.4 125.6 43.3 37.9 47.2 47.4 44.4 69.4 State Maryland--------------- -— s— ---West Virginia ------------------- All other States ij--- n----------- - . r 213 187 16 74 207 165 • 123 'M - 4,384 5,950 935 955 29,062 24,875 2,024 9,306 25,747 20,417 15,171 1,790 52.0 34.6 28 207 191 82 155 102 31 -8,772 3,200 23,569 21,458 8,216 15,105 9,614 2,441 31.8 21 2,978 4 2 .8 75 1/ Deaths due directly to diseases of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (numbers 140-150 of the International List of Causes of Death, 1938 revision). 2/ Territories and possessions are not shown because complete information is not available, j/ Of the average annual number of Negro live births (272,210) and maternal deaths (2,189). in the United States, 99 percent (269,232 and 2,168 respectively) occurred in the\27 States with 2,500 or more Negro live births during the period. jj The 22 States with less than 2,500 Negro live births during the period. MM 40-10 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 31 B M AT E R N A L NFfiRf) M O R T A L IT Y WOMFN- RATE UNITFD IN STATES. EACH STATE 1938-40 2 Less than 2 ,5 0 0 Negro live births U.S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU C h a rt No. M M 4 0 -1 0 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE, MATERNAL DEATHS, AND LIVE BIRTHS, BY RACE UNITED STATES EXPANDING BIRTH-REGISTRATION AREA, I93O-I+O Year Maternal deaths per 10,000 live births 1 J Number of— Maternal deaths Live births White I9I+O-- 78.2 32.0 2,180 6 ,6ll+ 278,869 2,067,953 1939— 77.1 35-3 2,083 6.995 270,060 1 ,982,671 1938— 86.1 37.7 2,305 7.566 267,700 2.005,955 1937-- 86.2 1+3.6 2,263 8,1+09 262,1+62 1,928,1+37 1936-- 98.1 51.2 2,1+63 9.627 251,098 1 ,881,883 1935— 95-5 53.1 2,436 10,018 255.121+ 1 ,888,012 193^-- 93-1 5*> 2,394 10,151+ 257.106 1 ,866,231 1933-- 100.0 56.1+ 2 ,1+62 10,118 21+6,277 l,79ll.9ll6 1932— 100.5 58.1 2,1+09 10,1+96 239,796 1,805,155 1931— 112.5 60.1 2,631+ 11,105 231+.203 1 ,81+8,293 193O— 118.9 60.8 2,81+1+ 11,839 239,275 1,91+6,81+1 1/ Negro White Data are for the Continental United States. Negro White The birth-registration Area in 1930 and 1931 included 9^.7 percent of the population (all States except South Dakota and Texas); in 1932, 93*2 percent (all States except Texas). In every year from 1933 to I9I+O it included the entire Continen tal United States. The deaths are those due directly to diseases of preg nancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (numbers lUO-150 of the International List of Causes of Death, 193$ revision). MM 40-11 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 32 A Negro MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES AMONG WHITE AND NEGRO WOMEN Deaths per Page 32 B 10,000 live births UNITED STATES, 1 9 3 0 -4 0 U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU Chart No.MM40-11 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES, BY CAUSE AND BY RACE, IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS UNITED STATES, 1940 Maternal deaths 1/ Cause and area Number per live births All other White races Number 1 0 ,000 Total Total All other races White By Place of Residence All causes Urban 2 / --- *----------Rural 2 / --------------- 34-2 2 9 .8 4 0 .2 33.8 73.3 79-.6 3,539 5,337 2,770 3,844, 1 5 .6 13.5 13.4 34.6 25.7 1 ,6 1 6 2 ,0 10 1,253 363 15.1 1 ,5 2 8 482 18*6 25.1 16.3 20.4 38.7 53.9 1,923 3,327 1,517 2,316 1,011 769 1,493 Infection Urban 2/ --------------Rural 2/ --------------- Urban 2/ ---Rural 2/ --------------- 406 By Place of Occurrence All causes Urban 2/ --------------Rural 2 / --------------- 40.0 34-9 34-5 29.0, 95.5 66.1 4,948 3,928 3,876 2,738 1,072 1,190 18.0 12.4 15.6 10.9 43.0 20.1 2,231 1,395 1,748 1,033 483 362 22.0 22.5 18.9 18.1 52.5 46.0 2,717 ' 2,533 2,128 1,705 Infection Urban 2/ --------------Rural 2 / --------------All other and Unspecified Urban 2/ --------------Rural 2 / --------------- • 589 828 1/ Deaths in the Continental United States that were due directly to diseases of pregnancy, -child birth, the puerperium (numbers 140-150 of the International List of Causes of Death, 1938 revision)* 2/ Urban areas include cities of 10,000 or more population} all other areas are classified as rural* MM 40 - 12 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 33 A All other and unspecified MATERNAL MORTALITY RATES, BY CAUSE, AMONG RESIDENTS OF URBAN AND RURAL AREAS UNITED STATES, 1940 Deaths per 10,000 live births 10 20 30 40 50 — r— i causes Ur ban Rural In fe ct ion Urban Rural All ot he r and unspeci f i ed Urban Rural U- S- Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU Chart No. MM 4 0 -1 2 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census DEFINITION OF A STILLBIRTH IN EACH STATE AND ACCORDANCE OF DEFINITION WITH THAT OF THE MODEL VITAL STATISTICS ACT (Period of gestation and criteria for evidence of life; Minimum period of gestation Months or weeks Model law-at least 20 weeks State Authority (law or other l/) Evidence of life Criteria— (1) heart action, (2 ) breathing, (3 ) movement of voluntary muscle Authority (law or other 1 /) In Accord in Both Essentials— Period of Gestation and Criteria.for Evidence of Life Nevada -------' Oregon ------Wyoming------ After at least 20 weeks Alabama -----California ---Florida -----Illinois ----Nebraska ----New York ¿/ --North Carolina — Utah-------West Virginia -- Advanced to 5th month 2/ Tennessee ---- 5 Arkansas ----Colorado ----Delaware ----Kansas ------Louisiana ---Mississippi --Missouri —---North Dakota -South Dakota -Vermont -----Virginia ----- 5 th month-----------5 months (2 0 weeks) or more 5 months ------------- Passed 20th week ------5 months (2 0 weeks or more) 5 months ------------5 months----- ------ -— 5 months ------------Advanced to 5th month ---5 months or over ------5 months (2 0 weeks) or more months or more 5th month---- Dist. of Col. -Idaho--- ; ---Indiana ---- -— Kentucky----- ; Maryland --------- Montana--;— New Jersey ---New Mexico-- 1 — Pennsylvania -Rhode Island -South Carolina — Washington ---- All criteria Other Other -- All criteria Law Other -- All criteria --------- Other In Accord in Only One Essentiell— Period of Gestation No criteria ---------No criteria ---------No criteria ---------Breathing, volunteiry muscle Law Advanced to 5th month Breathing -----------No criteria ----------1«Breathing, heart action-5 Connecticut --Massachusetts -Ohio-------- Law Other Breathing Breathing, heart action In Accord in Only One Essential— Criteria for Evidence of Life j --------- ' i All criteria After 5 months-------------------- - Law At least Ai months----------------- ) Law — Passed 5th month-- ------------ 1--- Development sufficient to give chance of live Other Law — 7 months and over-- --- ------------Other 5j months ------------------------Any recognizable product----------- --- Other Other 6 months, or 24 .weeks-- --------------All criteria Other Advanced beyond 5th month------ ---- — — Other 5^ months---- ------------------' Other 4 months ----------------------Other 6 completed months jj/ — --- » 22 weeks---------- : --------------- Other Advanced beyond 7th month------------ ' Law — Page 34A Arizona — Georgia — Iowa--Michigan Minnesota Oklahoma Texas -- or more months ------- All criteria Law Law Other Other Other Other After not less than 28 weeks f 28 weeks Other -- Other Breathing 1/ "Other" includes opinion of attorney general and regulations and instructions of State health agency. 2 / West Virginia also includes "or total length of 10 inches.n 3 / Exclusive of New York City where all products are required to be registered. l.1 Also includes "or measuring at least 13-8 inches." ' „ , ., ., . ,__ , V Only certificates for these months are used for statistical purposes— all products of gestation must be registered. 40 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Page 3 4 B A, r'" Ili EXTENT TO WHICH DEFINITIO N OF S T IL L B IR T H IN EACH STATE IS IN ACCORD WITH THAT OF MODEL VITA L STATIS TICS ACT OF 1941 In accord in both essentials In accord in one essential: Period of gestation Evidence of life Not in accord in either essential U. S. Department of Labor CHILDREN’S BUREAU C h a r t No. S 4 0 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Based on data from States https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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