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BANKING & COMMUNITY Perspectives FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF DALLAS SUPPLEMENT 1998 Eleventh District HMDA Profile The Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) has released the 1998 home mortgage loan data gathered under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA). The national data, released in August 1999, reflect lending for nearly 8,000 institutions covered by the act. This profile summarizes lending patterns for the United States and 10 geographically diverse metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the Eleventh District, which includes Texas, southern New Mexico and northern Louisiana. Home Purchase Loans Figures 1 through 3 show the percentage changes in home purchase loans (conventional plus governmentinsured) from 1997 to 1998 by racial/ ethnic group and income level. Because of smaller population and number of loan originations in the four smaller MSAs studied—Brownsville, Laredo, Las Cruces and Shreveport—only percentage changes for the two largest ethnic groups in each city are given. Table 1 contains the complete HMDA data reflected in the figures. National Lending Patterns Nationally, as shown in Figure 1A, home purchase loans increased in all racial/ethnic categories, with the largest increase—21 percent—among American Indians. Loans to Hispanics increased 16 percent, followed by a 13 percent increase for both Asians and Whites and 8 percent for Blacks. The category of race unknown increased by more than 57 percent, representing almost 7 percent of all originations. During 1998, home purchase loans increased across all income levels, as shown in Figure 1B. When the loan data are segmented by income levels, low- or moderate-income borrowers increased by 19 percent, the largest percentage increase of any income group. Additionally, lending to low- or moderate-income Black, Hispanic, White and Asian borrowers increased at a faster rate than that to their middle- and upper-income counterparts across the United States. Racial/Ethnic Lending Patterns in 10 MSAs The six largest MSAs recorded increased total loan originations in 1998, as shown in Figure 2. Dallas and Houston had the largest percentage increases: 26 and 25, respectively. Fort Worth posted a 20 percent increase, followed by Austin, with 19 percent, and El Paso and San Antonio, both with 12 percent. A snapshot of lending in the major MSAs shows that: • The percentage increases of Hispanic borrowers were generally Figure 1 1997– 98 Percent Change in Home Purchase Loans in the United States A. Racial/Ethnic Group B. Racial/Ethnic Group and Income Level 60 100 Low-moderate income Middle income Upper income 90 50 80 70 40 60 30 50 40 20 30 20 10 10 0 0 Total American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Race unknown Total American Indian NOTE: Total includes some unidentified groups. DATA SOURCE: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, 1998 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Reports. Asian Black Hispanic White Race unknown higher than the 16 percent national average for Hispanics, with Dallas and Houston recording the largest percentage gains, 38 and 26, respectively. The lowest increases were 14 percent in El Paso and 15 percent in San Antonio. • The percentage increase of Black borrowers was higher than the 8 percent national average in four of the six larger cities. Fort Worth recorded the highest gain at 37 percent, followed by Dallas’ 25 percent increase. Austin and San Antonio had the smallest percentage gains at 2 and 5, respectively. • More American Indians received home loans in the major cities, except in El Paso and San Antonio, where lending dropped 23 percent and 15 percent, respectively, from 1997 to 1998. • Among White borrowers, four MSAs showed increases higher than the 13 percent national average, including Houston at 25 percent and Dallas at 22 percent. In San Antonio and El Paso, lending to Whites increased only 7 percent and 6 percent, respectively. • Lending to Asians increased in all six large MSAs, with the greatest gains in Dallas, 31 percent; Fort Worth, 25 percent; and Houston, 22 percent. • In all six of the largest MSAs, the race unknown category increased by more than 40 percent. Among the four smaller MSAs, all but Laredo were below the national average of 15 percent for total lending increases. Laredo saw a 20 percent jump in total lending. Lending in Shreveport increased almost 6 percent for Blacks and about 8 percent for Whites. Lending to Hispanics rose 3 percent in Las Cruces, nearly 5 percent in Brownsville and 18 percent in Laredo. Percentage gains for Whites ranged from 7 in Las Cruces to 17 in Brownsville and Laredo. Lending Patterns by Racial/Ethnic Group and Income As seen in Figure 3, total lending to low- or moderate-income borrowers increased in all six of the larger MSAs, with five experiencing sizable percentage increases: 37 in Dallas, 25 in Austin and El Paso, 23 in Houston and 19 in Fort Worth. The percentage increases are larger than the national average increase of 19 percent for the low- or moderateincome category. 2 Figure 2 1997–98 Percent Change in Home Purchase Loans in 10 Eleventh District MSAs by Racial/Ethnic Group* Austin Dallas 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 T AI A B H W RU T AI A B H W RU H W RU H W RU Fort Worth El Paso 50 50 40 40 30 20 30 10 20 0 –10 10 –20 0 –30 T AI A B H W T RU AI Houston 80 40 60 30 40 20 20 10 0 0 AI A B B San Antonio 50 T A H W RU –20 T AI Brownsville A B Laredo 20 25 20 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 Total Hispanic White Total Las Cruces Hispanic White Shreveport 10 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 Total Hispanic White Total Black White * T, Total; AI, American Indian; A, Asian; B, Black; H, Hispanic; W, White; RU, race unknown. NOTE: Total represents percentage change for entire MSA and includes some unidentified groups. SOURCE: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, 1998 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Reports. FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF DALLAS • PERSPECTIVES • 1998 HMDA SUPPLEMENT Figure 3 1997– 98 Percent Change in Home Purchase Loans in 10 Eleventh District MSAs by Ethnicity* and Income Level Austin Dallas 100 60 80 50 40 60 30 40 20 20 10 0 0 –20 –10 T AI A B H W T AI El Paso A B H W H W H W Fort Worth 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 –20 –40 –60 60 40 20 0 –20 –40 T AI A B H W T AI A B San Antonio Houston 50 60 40 40 30 20 20 0 10 –20 –40 0 T AI A B H T W AI Brownsville A B Laredo 60 900 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 –10 –10 Total Hispanic White Total Las Cruces Hispanic White Shreveport 25 16 20 12 15 8 10 4 5 0 0 –4 –5 –10 –8 Total Hispanic White Low-moderate income Total Middle income Black White Upper income * T, Total; AI, American Indian; A, Asian; B, Black; H, Hispanic; W, White. NOTE: Total represents percentage change for entire MSA and includes some unidentified groups. SOURCE: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, 1998 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Reports. Middle-income borrowing also rose significantly, ranging from a 9 percent increase in El Paso to 25 percent in Dallas and Houston, compared with a national average increase of 15 percent. In Dallas, Fort Worth and Houston, lending to Black borrowers increased significantly in all income categories. Lending to low- or moderate-income Blacks increased by 36 percent in Dallas and 38 percent in Fort Worth. Lending to middle-income Blacks increased by 21 percent in Houston and Dallas and by almost 50 percent in Fort Worth. Lending to upper-income Black borrowers increased by more than 18 percent in both Fort Worth and Houston. In Austin lending increased by 2 percent for low- or moderate-income Blacks and by 13 percent for upper-income Blacks, but declined by more than 10 percent for the middle-income group. Hispanics experienced increased lending across all income categories in the six large MSAs. Loans to low- or moderate-income Hispanics increased by 42 percent in Dallas and 27 percent in El Paso. Middle-income lending growth ranged from almost 6 percent in Austin and El Paso to more than 35 percent in Fort Worth. Houston, Dallas and San Antonio realized the largest increases to upper-income Hispanic borrowers. Lending to low- or moderate-income White borrowers increased in five of the six large MSAs, led by Dallas with a 33 percent gain. Lending decreased in El Paso by 1 percent. Loans to middle- and upper-income Whites increased in each of the six large MSAs. Loans made to Asian borrowers increased in every income category in Houston, Dallas, Fort Worth and San Antonio. In Dallas lending to low- or moderate-income Asians increased by 52 percent and in Houston by 13 percent. Lending to middle-income Asians increased by 21 percent in Dallas and 14 percent in Houston, where lending also increased in the upper-income category by almost 32 percent. In the four smaller MSAs studied, total loans to low- or moderate-income borrowers increased. In Brownsville and Laredo, lending to low- or moderateincome Hispanics increased by 17 percent and 19 percent, respectively, but decreased in Las Cruces by more than 5 Continued on page 6 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF DALLAS • PERSPECTIVES • 1998 HMDA SUPPLEMENT 3 Table 1 1998 Home Purchase Loans and 1997–98 Percentage Change by Racial/Ethnic Group and Income Level United States Austin Dallas El Paso Fort Worth 1998 loans Percent change 1998 loans Percent change 1998 loans Percent change 1998 loans Percent change 1998 loans Percent change 4,549,997 15.0 27,477 19.1 72,082 25.6 6,977 11.6 32,438 20.3 18,087 21.1 101 50.7 242 11.5 49 –23.4 98 4.3 Asian 133,700 13.1 720 13.9 2,776 30.8 54 1.9 796 25.0 Black 279,093 8.5 959 1.7 4,566 24.7 155 10.7 1,603 36.7 Hispanic 294,639 15.8 3,078 19.0 6,132 38.1 4,450 13.5 2,320 22.9 3,382,196 12.9 19,841 18.8 51,129 22.5 1,481 5.6 24,260 16.7 302,606 57.8 1,474 46.2 4,591 46.3 349 40.7 2,174 47.0 1,093,295 18.7 7,138 25.4 19,519 36.7 1,700 24.7 10,123 18.6 5,173 33.7 27 8.0 81 19.1 18 –40.0 48 41.2 Asian 30,850 18.8 155 32.5 641 51.5 11 120.0 308 28.9 Black 115,427 10.7 438 2.3 2,127 35.9 21 23.5 742 37.7 Hispanic 113,266 17.6 1,699 25.2 4,190 42.0 1,458 27.4 1,487 21.5 White 750,819 17.2 4,350 27.2 11,214 33.3 113 –.9 6,846 14.7 53,159 80.5 257 63.7 812 57.7 52 92.6 441 40.4 1,055,568 14.6 6,892 11.0 18,268 25.1 1,939 9.2 8,872 22.9 3,849 35.4 28 47.4 80 27.0 18 5.9 28 0 Asian 35,992 12.1 222 37.9 774 21.1 8 33.3 220 20.9 Black 66,991 8.7 274 –10.5 1,304 21.2 51 50.0 502 49.9 Hispanic 74,957 12.8 790 5.8 1,125 26.8 1,410 5.7 521 35.7 776,389 12.7 4,888 11.0 13,189 24.8 315 17.1 6,703 19.6 60,886 64.8 309 45.8 1,042 34.5 65 85.7 481 30.0 1,620,469 14.4 12,736 18.4 32,844 18.6 3,234 6.7 12,889 18.4 4,214 25.5 45 95.7 76 –6.2 13 –23.5 19 –29.6 Asian 57,240 11.7 334 –.6 1,309 27.3 33 –17.5 246 20.0 Black 53,972 5.2 236 13.5 1,054 7.3 82 –5.7 341 18.4 Hispanic 77,464 16.1 548 18.6 746 29.1 1,518 8.8 292 10.6 1,243,290 11.9 10,072 17.2 25,915 16.1 1,027 2.9 10,436 15.8 122,561 55.6 819 47.0 2,345 46.7 225 26.4 1,055 49.0 Total American Indian White Race unknown Low-Moderate Income Total American Indian Race unknown Middle Income Total American Indian White Race unknown Upper Income Total American Indian White Race unknown NOTES: 1. Home purchase loans include both conventional and government-insured mortgage loans. 2. Loans by income categories may not add up to total loans because income is not available for some applicants. 3. Details do not add to totals because the table does not include the categories of “other” and “joint.” 4. Low or moderate income is defined as less than 80 percent of the HUD estimated median MSA income. Middle income is defined as greater than 80 percent and less than 120 percent of median MSA income. Upper income is defined as greater than 120 percent of median MSA income. SOURCE: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, 1998 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Reports. 4 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF DALLAS • PERSPECTIVES • 1998 HMDA SUPPLEMENT Houston San Antonio Brownsville Laredo Las Cruces Shreveport 1998 loans Percent change 1998 loans Percent change 1998 loans Percent change 1998 loans Percent change 1998 loans Percent change 1998 loans Percent change 72,422 25.5 22,941 11.8 2,476 8.3 2,055 20.4 2,506 8.0 5,522 9.5 279 40.2 52 –14.8 4 –20.0 8 166.7 35 12.9 21 75.0 3,383 22.0 275 11.3 17 –41.4 11 57.1 13 –7.1 23 –43.9 5,182 20.1 982 4.8 20 33.3 4 –42.9 23 43.8 862 5.5 10,279 25.8 6,766 14.8 1,462 4.7 1,720 18.1 1,055 3.2 49 14.0 45,713 25.0 11,587 6.6 733 16.9 155 16.5 1,104 7.4 4,212 8.4 5,114 42.5 1,810 72.2 117 11.4 93 66.1 124 77.1 260 59.5 19,961 23.2 5,289 6.8 398 17.4 500 24.4 735 2.1 1,476 10.0 90 38.5 15 –34.8 0 –100.0 1 –50.0 14 –12.5 5 25.0 889 12.8 56 47.4 0 0 2 100.0 3 200.0 5 0 2,177 17.7 259 –5.5 3 300.0 1 100.0 8 100.0 450 14.2 6,454 20.6 2,696 7.6 350 17.1 469 19.3 453 –5.2 22 29.4 8,862 22.5 1,890 2.8 32 3.2 10 900.0 201 3.6 947 7.1 1,065 91.9 207 83.2 11 120.0 13 333.3 28 211.1 38 100.0 16,646 25.5 5,888 17.5 433 4.6 479 –0.4 640 14.3 1,356 4.1 72 46.9 12 –20.0 1 100.0 2 200.0 15 87.5 4 33.3 832 13.5 68 7.9 0 –100.0 3 300.0 1 –80.0 8 –20.0 1,548 21.2 336 27.3 3 300.0 0 0 6 20.0 207 –5.5 2,148 32.8 2,015 21.1 324 –3.9 432 –4.2 332 23.4 5 –28.6 10,472 24.4 2,718 13.4 83 50.9 21 23.5 233 4.5 1,064 5.1 972 52.6 307 65.1 14 40.0 13 85.7 26 85.7 44 63.0 34,221 25.3 11,355 13.1 1,617 7.2 1,019 32.9 1,103 8.1 2,625 11.6 106 32.5 25 13.6 3 –25.0 5 400.0 6 –14.3 12 140.0 1,569 31.8 145 9.0 17 –39.3 6 0 8 0 9 –65.4 1,374 18.7 376 –1.3 14 –6.7 3 –57.1 9 28.6 201 –.5 1,535 32.3 1,989 23.5 775 2.8 781 35.8 260 –4.1 20 5.3 25,431 23.7 6,813 6.7 610 14.2 121 7.1 657 10.4 2,164 10.5 2,820 40.4 1,151 76.3 86 8.9 53 65.6 68 47.8 159 48.6 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF DALLAS • PERSPECTIVES • 1998 HMDA SUPPLEMENT 5 Continued from page 3 percent. Lending to middle-income Hispanics decreased by 4 percent in Brownsville and Laredo and increased by more than 23 percent in Las Cruces. In Laredo loans to upper-income Hispanic borrowers increased by 36 percent. In Shreveport lending to low- or moderate-income Black borrowers increased by 14 percent and to White borrowers by 7 percent. Loans to middleand upper-income Blacks in Shreveport declined by 5 percent and 1 percent, respectively. Figure 4 1998 Home Purchase Loan Denial Rates by Ethnicity* and Income Level Austin Dallas 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 AI A B H W B H W H W H W Fort Worth 50 60 Figure 4 shows the home purchase loan denial rates by race/ethnicity and income for the 10 Eleventh District MSAs studied. The FFIEC cautions that analysis of the HMDA data alone is not sufficient to determine whether market forces, changes in underwriting practices, illegal mortgage discrimination or other factors caused the additional denials. Figure 4 illustrates that as income increased, denial rates declined. Table 2 contains the complete HMDA data reflected in the figures. In the six largest MSAs, the total denial rates ranged from 22 percent in Dallas to 35 percent in El Paso. The denial rate for low- or moderate-income applicants was generally higher than that for middleand upper-income applicants. White applicant denial rates were generally lower than the denial rates for Black and Hispanic applicants. The differences between White and Black applicants ranged from a low of 5 percentage points in Fort Worth to more than 24 percentage points in Austin. The differences in denial rates between White and Hispanic applicants were 27 percentage points in Austin, about 15 percentage points in El Paso and San Antonio and less than 5 percentage points in Fort Worth. Denial rates for Asian applicants were generally lower than those for other racial/ethnic groups. In the smaller MSAs, total denial rates ranged from 32 percent in Shreveport to 48 percent in Laredo. For additional HMDA data, see the FFIEC web site, http://www.ffiec.gov, or call (800) 333-4460, ext. 5377. ◗ A El Paso 70 Loan Application Denials AI 40 50 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 AI A B H W AI A Houston B San Antonio 70 50 60 40 50 30 40 20 30 20 10 10 0 0 AI A B H AI W A B Brownsville Laredo 70 80 60 70 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 Hispanic White Hispanic Lac Cruces White Shreveport 70 50 60 40 50 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 Hispanic White Low-moderate income Black Middle income White Upper income * AI, American Indian; A, Asian; B, Black; H, Hispanic; W, White. SOURCE: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, 1998 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Reports. 6 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF DALLAS • PERSPECTIVES • 1998 HMDA SUPPLEMENT Table 2 1998 Home Purchase Loan Denial Rates by Ethnicity and Income Level Austin Total American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Low-Moderate Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Middle Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Upper Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Denial rate 27.2% 27.8% 12.3% 45.3% 48.3% 21.0% 48.5% 43.9% 20.2% 59.3% 57.6% 41.9% 24.3% 21.4% 12.7% 34.9% 40.6% 19.5% 10.4% 16.1% 8.7% 19.6% 22.4% 9.2% Total American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Low-Moderate Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Middle Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Upper Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Denial rate 35.4% 60.5% 21.2% 37.2% 39.0% 23.4% 53.2% 67.4% 31.6% 48.2% 53.2% 51.5% 38.9% 56.0% 38.5% 40.0% 38.4% 34.5% 21.7% 38.1% 18.5% 36.2% 25.2% 15.0% Total American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Low-Moderate Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Middle Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Upper Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Denial rate 24.6% 28.1% 11.3% 33.3% 30.2% 23.1% 42.2% 42.9% 16.7% 46.1% 35.4% 46.1% 25.5% 28.7% 11.0% 30.2% 27.5% 24.8% 11.3% 16.3% 9.7% 21.5% 18.6% 9.9% Applications 47,133 180 1,010 2,380 8,181 30,504 17,482 66 223 1,382 5,343 9,194 10,413 42 276 496 1,630 6,841 15,520 56 402 331 812 12,049 Dallas Not Originations accepted* 27,477 4,106 101 17 720 76 959 207 3,078 833 19,841 2,535 7,138 1,865 27 10 155 23 438 124 1,699 566 4,350 993 6,892 989 28 5 222 19 274 49 790 178 4,888 620 12,736 1,168 45 2 334 33 236 30 548 82 10,072 869 Denied 12,837 50 124 1,077 3,949 6,409 8,479 29 45 820 3,078 3,851 2,532 9 35 173 662 1,333 1,616 9 35 65 182 1,108 Total American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Low-Moderate Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Middle Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Upper Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Denial rate 22.1% 24.5% 10.5% 30.8% 29.2% 21.1% 40.2% 41.0% 16.5% 42.1% 33.5% 42.4% 19.4% 19.8% 9.8% 25.0% 26.7% 18.3% 9.8% 11.7% 9.5% 17.7% 15.8% 9.1% Total American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Low-Moderate Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Middle Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Upper Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Denial rate 27.3% 33.0% 12.4% 32.0% 31.8% 27.4% 43.4% 49.2% 16.1% 41.3% 37.3% 45.0% 24.9% 22.0% 10.6% 29.3% 26.6% 24.9% 12.0% 14.8% 11.3% 18.4% 17.3% 11.5% Total American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Low-Moderate Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Middle Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Upper Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Denial rate 34.0% 44.1% 16.4% 40.5% 43.4% 29.0% 55.2% 69.4% 28.1% 59.6% 56.2% 53.9% 34.9% 37.0% 15.2% 34.0% 39.5% 32.2% 15.7% 15.6% 14.2% 23.0% 22.7% 13.8% Not Originations accepted* 6,977 1,195 49 17 54 13 155 19 4,450 846 1,481 206 1,700 445 18 13 11 2 21 8 1,458 374 113 35 1,939 346 18 4 8 0 51 3 1,410 268 315 56 3,234 391 13 0 33 11 82 8 1,518 198 1,027 114 Denied 4,957 101 22 115 3,743 562 2,440 64 6 27 2,081 157 1,452 28 5 36 1,047 195 1,003 8 10 51 578 202 Denied 25,434 112 394 2,729 3,064 16,755 16,037 73 138 1,884 2,407 10,343 4,945 23 90 505 467 3,298 3,923 11 149 263 158 2,845 Applications 55,795 221 1,089 2,936 4,235 41,492 22,455 118 398 1,459 2,781 16,047 13,587 41 274 802 832 10,235 16,027 27 311 478 392 12,871 Not Originations accepted* 32,438 5,210 98 20 796 84 1,603 236 2,320 380 24,260 3,963 10,123 2,587 48 12 308 26 742 115 1,487 257 6,846 1,982 8,872 1,328 28 4 220 25 502 65 521 90 6,703 980 12,889 1,221 19 4 246 30 341 49 292 32 10,436 955 Denied 15,251 73 135 939 1,347 11,354 9,745 58 64 602 1,037 7,219 3,387 9 29 235 221 2,552 1,917 4 35 88 68 1,480 San Antonio Houston Applications 123,020 531 4,783 11,153 18,906 74,074 43,299 203 1,183 5,173 12,025 21,299 26,391 122 1,041 2,703 3,565 16,328 42,782 147 1,958 2,116 2,151 31,052 Not Originations accepted* 72,082 10,149 242 45 2,776 242 4,566 873 6,132 862 51,129 6,908 19,519 4,343 81 24 641 58 2,127 465 4,190 586 11,214 2,811 18,268 2,313 80 13 774 57 1,304 212 1,125 160 13,189 1,581 32,844 3,235 76 7 1,309 115 1,054 166 746 95 25,915 2,404 Fort Worth El Paso Applications 14,014 167 104 309 9,601 2,401 4,585 95 19 56 3,913 305 3,737 50 13 90 2,725 566 4,628 21 54 141 2,294 1,343 Applications 114,981 458 3,748 8,856 10,507 79,222 39,899 178 837 4,476 7,183 24,368 25,526 116 921 2,021 1,752 18,068 40,002 94 1,573 1,483 999 31,164 Not Originations accepted* 72,422 12,082 279 58 3,383 405 5,182 1,266 10,279 1,980 45,713 7,081 19,961 5,056 90 26 889 96 2,177 611 6,454 1,310 8,862 2,616 16,646 3,014 72 15 832 94 1,548 340 2,148 435 10,472 1,805 34,221 3,725 106 17 1,569 200 1,374 287 1,535 215 25,431 2,558 Denied 30,323 149 539 3,717 5,707 17,122 18,282 87 198 2,385 4,261 9,821 6,731 35 115 815 982 4,051 4,836 24 189 455 401 3,063 Applications 45,113 136 428 2,102 15,914 20,957 15,919 62 96 801 8,016 5,899 11,077 27 92 588 4,116 4,914 15,106 32 190 552 2,924 8,885 Not Originations accepted* 22,941 4,606 52 11 275 44 982 169 6,766 1,575 11,587 2,325 5,289 1,842 15 4 56 13 259 65 2,696 818 1,890 832 5,888 1,318 12 5 68 10 336 52 2,015 476 2,718 616 11,355 1,376 25 2 145 18 376 49 1,989 270 6,813 846 Denied 15,353 60 70 852 6,912 6,069 8,788 43 27 477 4,502 3,177 3,871 10 14 200 1,625 1,580 2,375 5 27 127 665 1,226 Continued on page 8 FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF DALLAS • PERSPECTIVES • 1998 HMDA SUPPLEMENT 7 Table 2 (continued) 1998 Home Purchase Loan Denial Rates by Ethnicity and Income Level Brownsville Total American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Low-Moderate Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Middle Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Upper Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Denial rate 34.1% 22.2% 16.0% 35.9% 40.4% 18.0% 56.3% 100.0% 75.0% 42.9% 56.7% 47.4% 46.6% 0% 100.0% 50.0% 48.6% 33.3% 21.8% 0% 0% 31.8% 27.4% 13.4% Total American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Low-Moderate Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Middle Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Upper Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Denial rate 40.1% 59.6% 51.4% 41.5% 47.9% 27.9% 58.0% 70.5% 66.7% 54.2% 60.6% 49.4% 37.0% 50.0% 88.9% 40.0% 38.5% 30.3% 22.4% 50.0% 16.7% 35.7% 33.0% 16.0% Applications 4,866 9 25 39 3,285 1,090 1,134 2 4 7 1,007 76 1,021 1 1 8 821 141 2,372 4 17 22 1,247 799 Laredo Not Originations accepted* 2,476 453 4 1 17 1 20 3 1,462 318 733 102 398 98 0 0 0 1 3 1 350 86 32 8 433 112 1 0 0 0 3 1 324 98 83 11 1,617 238 3 1 17 0 14 1 775 130 610 82 Denied 1,658 2 4 14 1,328 196 638 2 3 3 571 36 476 0 1 4 399 47 517 0 0 7 342 107 Total American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Low-Moderate Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Middle Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Upper Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Denial rate 48.3% 41.2% 25.0% 57.1% 50.1% 33.5% 62.2% 75.0% 33.3% 0% 61.5% 72.9% 56.3% 0% 40.0% 100.0% 56.4% 50.0% 33.1% 40.0% 16.7% 55.6% 36.3% 18.8% Total American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Low-Moderate Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Middle Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Upper Income American Indian Asian Black Hispanic White Denial rate 31.8% 42.3% 10.0% 40.6% 27.8% 30.1% 48.3% 64.7% 16.7% 48.4% 33.3% 48.0% 33.9% 56.3% 10.0% 41.8% 50.0% 32.0% 18.9% 12.5% 10.0% 26.7% 19.2% 17.7% Las Cruces Applications 5,903 114 35 53 3,234 1,918 2,526 61 12 24 1,749 542 1,372 36 9 10 793 406 1,669 14 12 14 540 858 Applications 5,696 17 20 14 4,971 319 1,996 4 3 2 1,832 59 1,560 3 5 3 1,420 60 1,877 10 12 9 1,514 181 Not Originations accepted* 2,055 695 8 2 11 4 4 2 1,720 607 155 41 500 255 1 0 2 0 1 1 469 236 10 6 479 202 2 1 3 0 0 0 432 187 21 9 1,019 237 5 1 6 4 3 1 781 184 121 26 Denied 2,752 7 5 8 2,488 107 1,241 3 1 0 1,127 43 879 0 2 3 801 30 621 4 2 5 549 34 Shreveport Not Originations accepted* 2,506 748 35 8 13 3 23 4 1,055 494 1,104 191 735 326 14 4 3 1 8 3 453 236 201 73 640 225 15 3 1 0 6 0 332 156 233 50 1,103 192 6 1 8 2 9 0 260 102 657 64 Denied 2,365 68 18 22 1,550 535 1,465 43 8 13 1,060 268 507 18 8 4 305 123 374 7 2 5 178 137 Applications 10,611 52 30 1,896 79 7,730 3,707 17 6 1,037 33 2,447 2,527 16 10 426 12 1,928 3,638 16 10 311 26 2,968 Not Originations accepted* 5,522 1,097 21 6 23 1 862 156 49 3 4,212 854 1,476 439 5 1 5 0 450 85 22 0 947 325 1,356 314 4 3 8 1 207 41 5 1 1,064 247 2,625 327 12 2 9 0 201 27 20 1 2,164 278 Denied 3,373 22 3 769 22 2,328 1,792 11 1 502 11 1,175 857 9 1 178 6 617 686 2 1 83 5 526 * Applications approved but not accepted by customer. NOTES: 1. Application totals do not include applications that were withdrawn or whose files were closed. 2. Low or moderate income is defined as less than 80 percent of the HUD estimated median MSA income. Middle income is defined as greater than 80 percent and less than 120 percent of median MSA income. Upper income is defined as greater than 120 percent of median MSA income. SOURCE: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, 1998 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Reports. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Community Affairs Office P.O. Box 655906 Dallas, TX 75265–5906 (800) 333-4460, ext. 5377 www.dallasfed.org January 2000
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