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A R EA W AGE SU R VEY
T h e W o rc e s te r, M a ssa ch u se tts, M etropolitan
A re a, M ay 1 9 7 0
B u lle t in
U.S. D EP A R TM EN T O F LA B O R
1 6 6 0 -7 8
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
BU REA U
O F LA BO R
S T A T IS T IC S
R E G IO N A L O F F I C E S
New York, N.Y. 10001
Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212)
1317 Filbert St.
Philadelphia, Pa. 19107
Phone: 597-7796 (Area Code 215)
1371 Peachtree St. NE.
Atlanta, Ga. 30309
Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404)
Region VI
337 Mayflower Building
411 North Akard St.
Chicago, III. 6 0 6 0 4
Phone: 3 5 3 -7 2 3 0 (Area C od e 312)
Dallas, Tex. 75201
Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214)
* Regions VII and VIII will be serviced by Kansas City.
** Regions IX and X will be serviced by San Francisco.
Regions VII and VIII
Federal Office Building
911 Walnut St., 10th Floor
Kansas City, Mo. 64106
Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816)
Regions IX and X
450 Golden Gate Ave.
Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102
Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415)
Government Center
Boston, Mass. 02203
Phone: 223-6762 (Area Code 617)
Region V
21 9 South Dearborn St.
U.S. D EP A R TM EN T O F LA B O R
J. D. Hodgson, Secretary
B U R EA U OF LABO R S T A T IS T IC S
Geoffrey H. Moore, Commissioner
AREA WAGE SURVEY
T h e W o rce ste r, M a ssa c h u se tts, M etropolitan
A rea, M ay 1 9 7 0
Bulletin 1660-78
August 1970
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 — Price 35 cants
Contents
Preface
Page
T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s p r o g r a m o f a nn ua l
o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e s u r v e y s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s i s d e
s i g n e d to p r o v i d e da t a o n o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s , and e s t a b
l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s . It
y ie ld s d e ta ile d data b y s e l e c t e d in d u stry d iv is io n f o r e a ch
o f th e a r e a s s t u d i e d , f o r g e o g r a p h i c r e g i o n s , a nd f o r the
U n ite d S t a t e s .
A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in th e p r o g r a m is
the n e e d f o r g r e a t e r i n s i g h t in to (1) th e m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s
b y o c c u p a t i o n a l c a t e g o r y and s k i l l l e v e l , a nd (2) th e s t r u c
t u r e and l e v e l o f w a g e s a m o n g a r e a s and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s .
I n t r o d u c t i o n ________________________________________________________________________
W a g e t r e n d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s ---------------------------------------------Tables:
1.
E s t a b l i s h m e n t s and w o r k e r s w it h i n s c o p e o f s u r v e y a nd
2.
I n d e x e s o f s t a n d a r d w e e k l y s a l a r i e s a nd s t r a i g h t - t i m e
h o u r l y e a r n i n g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s , a nd
p e r c e n t s o f c h a n g e f o r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s ___________________________
A t th e e n d o f e a c h s u r v e y , an i n d i v i d u a l a r e a b u l
l e t i n p r e s e n t s s u r v e y r e s u l t s f o r e a c h a r e a s t u d ie d . A f t e r
c o m p l e t i o n o f a l l o f th e i n d i v i d u a l cf rea b u l l e t i n s f o r a r o u n d
of s u r v e y s , tw o s u m m a r y bu lletin s a re issu ed . The f i r s t
b r i n g s da ta f o r e a c h o f th e m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s s t u d i e d in to
one b ulletin .
T h e s e c o n d p r e s e n t s i n f o r m a t i o n w h i c h h as
b e e n p r o j e c t e d f r o m i n d i v i d u a l m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a da ta t o
r e l a t e t o g e o g r a p h i c r e g i o n s and th e U n it e d S t a t e s .
A.
N i n e t y a r e a s c u r r e n t l y a r e i n c l u d e d in the p r o
g r a m . In e a c h a r e a , i n f o r m a t i o n o n o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s
is c o l l e c t e d a n n u a lly and o n e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and
su p p le m e n ta ry w a ge p r o v is io n s b ienn ially.
B.
T h i s b u l l e t i n p r e s e n t s r e s u l t s o f th e s u r v e y in
W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , in M a y 1970. T h e S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n
S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a , a s d e f i n e d b y the B u r e a u o f th e B u d g e t
t h r o u g h J a n u a r y 1 9 6 8 , c o n s i s t s o f th e c i t y o f W o r c e s t e r
and 21 t o w n s in W o r c e s t e r C o u n t y .
T h is study w a s c o n
d u c t e d b y th e B u r e a u ' s r e g i o n a l o f f i c e in B o s t o n , M a s s . ,
u n d e r the g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f P a u l V . M u l k e r n , A s s i s t a n t
R egion a l D ir e c t o r fo r O pera tion s.
1
5
O ccu pational earn ings:
A - l . O f f i c e o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n and w o m e n ___________________________
A - 2 . P r o f e s s i o n a l a nd t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n and
A -3.
7
O f f i c e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s —
m e n and w o m e n c o m b i n e d _____________________________________
M a i n t e n a n c e and p o w e r p l a n t o c c u p a t i o n s _____________________
C u s t o d i a l and m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s _____________
10
11
12
E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s :
B - l . M in im u m entran ce s a la r ie s fo r w o m e n o ffice
w o r k e r s ___________________________________________________________
B - 2 . Sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s _________________________________________________
B - 3 . S c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s _________________________________________
14
15
16
A -4.
A - 5.
B -5.
B -6.
B -7.
A ppendix.
P a i d v a c a t i o n s ____________________________________________________
H e a l th , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p l a n s ________________________
M e t h o d o f w a g e d e t e r m i n a t i o n and f r e q u e n c y o f
p a y m e n t ___________________________________________________________
22
O c c u p a t i o n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ________________________________________
23
areas.
NOTE:
S im ila r tabu lation s
(S e e i n s i d e b a c k c o v e r . )
are
a v a ilable
for
other
U n io n s c a l e s , i n d i c a t i v e o f p r e v a i l i n g p a y l e v e l s in
th e W o r c e s t e r a r e a , a r e a l s o a v a i l a b l e f o r s e v e n s e l e c t e d
buildin g tr a d e s .
iii
6
18
21
Area Wage Survey—
The Worcester, Mass., Metropolitan Area
Introduction
T h i s a r e a is 1 o f 90 in w h i c h the U.S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r ' s
B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tistics con du cts s u rv e y s of occu pa tion a l earnings
and r e l a t e d b e n e f i t s o n an a r e a w i d e b a s i s . 1 In t h is a r e a , da t a w e r e
o b t a i n e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s to r e p r e s e n t
a t i v e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in s i x b r o a d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s :
Manu
f a c t u r i n g ; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , and o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s ;
w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and
se rv ices.
M a jo r in d u stry gro u p s ex clu d e d f r o m th ese stu dies a re
g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t i o n s and the c o n s t r u c t i o n and e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s .
E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r th an a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e
o m i t t e d b e c a u s e t h e y tend t o f u r n i s h i n s u f f i c i e n t e m p l o y m e n t in the
o c c u p a t i. o n s s t u d i e d t o w a r r a n t i n c l u s i o n .
S ep arate tabu lation s are
p r o v i d e d f o r e a c h o f th e b r o a d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s w h i c h m e e t p u b l i
cation c r it e r ia .
O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t and e a r n i n g s da ta a r e s h o w n f o r
f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th o s e h ir e d to w o r k a re g u la r w e e k ly sch e d u le
in th e g i v e n o c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n .
E a r n i n g s da ta e x c l u d e p r e
m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and
la te s h i f t s .
N o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s a r e e x c l u d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g
a l l o w a n c e s and i n c e n t i v e e a r n i n g s a r e i n c l u d e d . W h e r e w e e k l y h o u r s
a r e r e p o r t e d , as f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s , r e f e r e n c e is to the
s t a n d a r d w o r k w e e k ( r o u n d e d t o the n e a r e s t h a l f h o u r ) f o r w h i c h e m
p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th eir reg u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s (e x c lu siv e o f pay
f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) . A v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n
in g s f o r t h e s e o c c u p a t i o n s h a v e b e e n r o u n d e d t o th e n e a r e s t h a l f d o l l a r .
The a v e ra g e s pre se n te d r e fle ct c o m p o s ite , a reaw ide e s t i
m ates.
I n d u s t r i e s and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s d i f f e r in p a y l e v e l and j o b
s t a f fin g and, t h u s , c o n t r i b u t e d i f f e r e n t l y to th e e s t i m a t e s f o r e a c h j o b .
T h e p a y r e l a t i o n s h i p o b t a i n a b l e f r o m the a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l t o r e f l e c t
a c c u r a t e l y the w a g e s p r e a d o r d i f f e r e n t i a l m a i n t a i n e d a m o n g j o b s in
i n d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . S i m i l a r l y , d i f f e r e n c e s in a v e r a g e p a y l e v
e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n in a n y o f th e s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s h o u ld
not b e a s s u m e d t o r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y t r e a t m e n t o f the s e x e s
w it h in i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s .
O ther p o s s i b l e f a c t o r s w h ich m a y
c o n t r i b u t e t o d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y f o r m e n and w o m e n i n c l u d e :
D iffer
e n c e s in p r o g r e s s i o n w it h in e s t a b l i s h e d r a te r a n g e s , s i n c e o n l y the
a c t u a l r a t e s p a i d i n c u m b e n t s a r e c o l l e c t e d ; and d i f f e r e n c e s in s p e c i f i c
d u t ie s p e r f o r m e d , a lth o u g h th e w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d a p p r o p r i a t e l y
w it h in the s a m e s u r v e y j o b d e s c r i p t i o n .
J o b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d in
c l a s s i f y i n g e m p l o y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a l l y m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d
th an t h o s e u s e d in i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and a l l o w f o r m i n o r
d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the s p e c i f i c d u t ie s p e r f o r m e d .
T h e s e su r v e y s are con d u cte d on a sa m p le b a s is b e c a u s e of
the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t i n v o l v e d in s u r v e y i n g a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s .
To
o b t a in o p t i m u m a c c u r a c y at m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f
l a r g e than o f s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s is s t u d ie d . In c o m b i n i n g th e da ta ,
h o w e v e r , a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e g i v e n t h e i r a p p r o p r i a t e w e i g h t .
E s
t i m a t e s b a s e d o n the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e ,
a s r e l a t i n g t o a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the i n d u s t r y g r o u p i n g and a r e a ,
e x c e p t f o r t h o s e b e l o w th e m i n i m u m s i z e s t u d ie d .
O c c u p a t i o n s and E a r n i n g s
T h e o c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r s tu d y a r e c o m m o n t o a v a r i e t y
o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g and n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , and a r e o f the
follow in g ty pes:
(1) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l ;
(3) m a i n t e n a n c e and p o w e r p l a n t ; and (4) c u s t o d i a l and m a t e r i a l m o v e
m en t.
O c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d on a u n i f o r m s e t o f j o b
d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s i g n e d t o ta k e a c c o u n t o f i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t v a r i a t i o n
in d u t ie s w it h in the s a m e j o b .
T h e o c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r s tu d y
a r e l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d in th e a p p e n d i x . T h e e a r n i n g s da t a f o l l o w i n g
th e j o b t i t l e s a r e f o r a ll i n d u s t r i e s c o m b i n e d . E a r n i n g s da t a f o r s o m e
o f the o c c u p a t i o n s l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s
w it h i n o c c u p a t i o n s , a r e not p r e s e n t e d in the A - s e r i e s t a b l e s , b e c a u s e
e i t h e r (1) e m p l o y m e n t in the o c c u p a t i o n is t o o s m a l l to p r o v i d e e n o u g h
da ta t o m e r i t p r e s e n t a t i o n , o r (2) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e
o f in d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t da ta .
O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t the to t a l in
a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h in the s c o p e o f the s tu d y and not th e n u m b e r
actu a lly su rv e y e d .
B e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e
a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , th e e s t i m a t e s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t o b
t a i n e d f r o m th e s a m p l e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d s e r v e o n l y to in d i c a t e
th e r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e o f th e j o b s s t u d ie d .
T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s in
o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e do not a f f e c t m a t e r i a l l y the a c c u r a c y o f the
e a r n i n g s data.
E stablish m en t P r a c t ic e s
1
Included in the 90 areas are four studies con ducted under c o n tra c t with the New Y ork S tate
D ep artm en t of Labor. Th ese areas are Bingham ton (New York portion only); R o ch ester (o ffic e o c c u
pations only); Syracu se; and U tic a —R o m e. In addition , the Bureau conducts m ore lim ite d area studies
in 78 areas a t the request of the W age and Hour and P u b lic C ontracts Divisions o f the U.S. D e
p artm en t of Labor.
1
and S u p p l e m e n t a r y W a g e P r o v i s i o n s
I n f o r m a t i o n i s p r e s e n t e d ( in the B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) on s e l e c t e d
e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s as t h e y
r e l a t e to pla n t and o f f i c e w o r k e r s .
A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , and
p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p l o y e e s , and c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s w h o a r e u t i l i z e d
as a s e p a r a t e w o r k f o r c e a r e e x c l u d e d .
" P l a n t w o r k e r s " in c lu d e
2
w o rk in g f o r e m e n and all n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s
(inclu din g le a d m e n and t r a i n e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o f f i c e f u n c t i o n s .
"O ffice w o rk e rs "
in clud e w o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r s and n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s p e r fo r m i n g
c le r ic a l or rela ted fun ction s.
C a f e t e r i a w o r k e r s and r o u t e m e n a r e
e x c l u d e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , but i n c l u d e d in n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g
in du stries.
M i n i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s (ta b le
B - l ) r e l a t e o n l y t o th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s v i s i t e d . B e c a u s e o f the o p t i m u m
s a m p l i n g t e c h n i q u e s u s e d , a nd th e p r o b a b i l i t y that l a r g e e s t a b l i s h
m ents are m o r e lik e ly to have fo r m a l entran ce rates fo r w o r k e r s
a b o v e the s u b c l e r i c a l l e v e l than s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , the ta b l e is
m o r e - r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f p o l i c i e s in m e d i u m and l a r g e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s .
Shift d i f f e r e n t i a l da t a ( t a b l e B - 2 ) a r e l i m i t e d t o plant w o r k e r s
in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s .
T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n i s p r e s e n t e d b o t h in
t e r m s o f (1) e s t a b l i s h m e n t p o l i c y , 2 p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f t o t a l pla n t
w o r k e r e m p l o y m e n t , a nd (2) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e , p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s
o f w o r k e r s a c t u a l l y e m p l o y e d o n th e s p e c i f i e d s h if t at th e t i m e o f the
survey.
In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g v a r i e d d i f f e r e n t i a l s , the a m o u n t
a p p l y i n g t o a m a j o r i t y w a s u s e d o r , if n o a m o u n t a p p l i e d t o a m a j o r i t y ,
th e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n " o t h e r " w a s u s e d . In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in w h i c h s o m e
l a t e - s h i f t h o u r s a r e p a i d at n o r m a l r a t e s , a d i f f e r e n t i a l w a s r e c o r d e d
o n l y i f it a p p l i e d t o a m a j o r i t y o f th e s h if t h o u r s
T h e s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s ( t a b le B - 3 ) o f a m a j o r i t y o f the
f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t a r e t a b u l a t e d a s a p p l y i n g to
a l l o f the p la n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s o f th a t e s t a b l i s h m e n t .
Sch edu led
w e e k ly h ours a re th ose w h ich fu ll-tim e e m p lo y e e s w e r e e x p ected to
w o r k , w h e t h e r t h e y w e r e p a i d f o r at s t r a i g h t - t i m e o r o v e r t i m e r a t e s .
P a id h o lid a y s ; paid v a c a t io n s ; h ealth, i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n
plan s;
and f r e q u e n c y o f w a g e p a y m e n t ( t a b l e s B - 4 t h r o u g h B - 7 )
a r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l l y o n th e b a s i s th a t t h e s e a r e a p p l i c a b l e t o a ll
p la n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s i f a m a j o r i t y o f s u c h w o r k e r s a r e e l i g i b l e o r
m a y e ve n tu a lly q u a lify f o r the p r a c t i c e s lis te d .
Su m s o f individual
i t e m s in t a b l e s B - 2 t h r o u g h B - 7 m a y not e q u a l t o t a l s b e c a u s e o f
rou nd ing.
D a ta o n p a i d h o l i d a y s ( t a b le B - 4 ) a r e l i m i t e d to da t a o n h o l i
d a y s g r a n t e d a n n u a l l y o n a f o r m a l b a s i s ; i . e . , (1) a r e p r o v i d e d f o r
in w r i t t e n f o r m , o r (2) h a v e b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d b y c u s t o m .
H olidays
o r d i n a r i l y gra n te d a r e in clu d e d e v e n though th e y m a y fa ll on a n o n
w o r k d a y a n d th e w o r k e r i s not g r a n t e d a n o t h e r d a y o f f .
The fir s t
p a r t o f th e p a i d h o l i d a y s t a b l e p r e s e n t s th e n u m b e r o f w h o l e a nd h a lf
h o l i d a y s a c t u a l l y g r a n t e d . T h e s e c o n d p a r t c o m b i n e s w h o l e and h a l f
h o lid a y s to show tota l h o lid a y t i m e .
T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a t i o n p l a n s ( t a b le B - 5 ) i s l i m i t e d t o a
sta tistica l m e a s u re of v a ca tion p r o v is io n s .
It is n o t in t e n d e d a s a
m e a s u r e o f th e p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s a c t u a l l y r e c e i v i n g s p e c i f i c b e n e
f i t s . P r o v i s i o n s o f a n e s t a b l i s h m e n t f o r a ll l e n g t h s o f s e r v i c e w e r e
t a b u l a t e d a s a p p l y i n g t o a ll p la n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s o f th e e s t a b l i s h
m e n t, r e g a r d l e s s o f length of s e r v i c e .
P r o v i s i o n s f o r pa y m en t on
o t h e r th a n a t i m e b a s i s w e r e c o n v e r t e d t o a t i m e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p l e ,
a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s the e q u i v
a le n t o f 1 w e e k ' s p a y . E s t i m a t e s e x c l u d e v a c a t i o n - s a v i n g s p la n s and
th ose w hich o ffe r "e x te n d e d " or "s a b b a tic a l" b enefits beyond b a s ic
p l a n s t o w o r k e r s w it h q u a l i f y i n g l e n g t h s o f s e r v i c e .
T y p ic a l of such
e x c l u s i o n s a r e p l a n s in t h e s t e e l , a l u m i n u m , and c a n i n d u s t r i e s .
D a ta o n h e a l t h , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p l a n s ( t a b l e B - 6 ) i n
c l u d e t h o s e p l a n s f o r w h i c h th e e m p l o y e r p a y s at l e a s t a p a r t o f th e
c o s t . S u c h p la n s i n c l u d e t h o s e u n d e r w r i t t e n b y a c o m m e r c i a l i n s u r a n c e
c o m p a n y and t h o s e p r o v i d e d t h r o u g h a u n i o n f u n d o r p a i d d i r e c t l y b y
th e e m p l o y e r out o f c u r r e n t o p e r a t i n g f u n d s o r f r o m a fun d s e t a s i d e
f o r t h is p u r p o s e .
A n e s t a b l i s h m e n t w a s c o n s i d e r e d t o h a v e a p la n
i f th e m a j o r i t y o f e m p l o y e e s w a s e l i g i b l e t o b e c o v e r e d u n d e r the
p l a n , e v e n if l e s s th a n a m a j o r i t y e l e c t e d t o p a r t i c i p a t e b e c a u s e e m
p l o y e e s w e r e r e q u i r e d t o c o n t r i b u t e t o w a r d th e c o s t o f th e p l a n .
Le
g a lly r e q u ir e d p la n s , such as w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n , s o c i a l s e
c u r i t y , and r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t w e r e e x c l u d e d .
S i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e is l i m i t e d t o that t y p e o f
in su rance under w hich p red e te r m in e d cash paym ents are m ade d ir e ctly
t o th e i n s u r e d d u r i n g i l l n e s s o r a c c i d e n t d i s a b i l i t y .
I n f o r m a t i o n is
p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll s u c h p la n s t o w h i c h th e e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t e s .
H ow
e v e r , in N e w Y o r k a n d N e w J e r s e y , w h i c h h a v e e n a c t e d t e m p o r a r y
d is a b ility in su ra n c e law s w hich r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n trib u tio n s,
p la n s
a r e i n c l u d e d o n l y i f th e e m p l o y e r (1) c o n t r i b u t e s m o r e th a n i s l e g a l l y
r e q u i r e d , o r (2) p r o v i d e s th e e m p l o y e e w it h b e n e f i t s w h i c h e x c e e d the
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f th e l a w .
T ab u la tion s o f pa id s ic k le a v e plan s a re
l i m i t e d to f o r m a l p l a n s 4 w h i c h p r o v i d e f u l l p a y o r a p r o p o r t i o n o f th e
w o r k e r ' s pay du rin g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f i l l n e s s .
Separate
t a b u l a t i o n s a r e p r e s e n t e d a c c o r d i n g t o (1) p l a n s w h i c h p r o v i d e f u l l p a y
and n o w a i t i n g p e r i o d , a n d (2) p l a n s w h i c h p r o v i d e e i t h e r p a r t i a l p a y
o r a w a i t i n g p e r i o d . In a d d i t i o n t o t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f th e p r o p o r t i o n s
o f w o r k e r s w h o a r e p r o v i d e d s i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e o r p a i d
s ic k le a v e , an u n d u p licated tota l is show n o f w o r k e r s w h o r e c e i v e
eith er o r both ty pes o f b e n e fit s.
2
An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following con
The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer
ditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time o f the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering
contributions.
late shifts. An establishment was considered as having formal provisions if it (1) had operated late
An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if it established at least the
shifts during the 12 months prior to the survey, or (2) had provisions in written form for operating
minimum number of days of sick leave available to each em ployee. Such a plan need not be
late shifts.
written, but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded.
3
M a j o r m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e i n c l u d e s t h o s e p la n s w h i c h a r e d e
s i g n e d to p r o t e c t e m p l o y e e s in c a s e o f s i c k n e s s and i n j u r y i n v o l v i n g
e x p e n s e s b e y o n d the c o v e r a g e o f b a s i c h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , m e d i c a l , and
s u r g i c a l p la n s .
M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v i d i n g f o r c o m
p le t e o r p a r t i a l p a y m e n t o f d o c t o r s ' f e e s .
S u c h p la n s m a y b e u n d e r
w ritten by c o m m e r c i a l in su ra n c e c o m p a n ie s o r n onprofit o rg a n iza tio n s
o r t h e y m a y b e p a id f o r b y the e m p l o y e r out o f a fun d s e t a s i d e f o r
th is p u r p o s e .
T a b u l a t i o n s o f r e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n p la n s a r e l i m i t e d to
t h o s e p la n s that p r o v i d e r e g u l a r p a y m e n t s f o r the r e m a i n d e r o f the
w o r k e r 's life.
M e t h o d o f w a g e d e t e r m i n a t i o n ( t a b le B - 7 ) r e l a t e s t o b a s i c
t y p e s o f r a t e s t r u c t u r e f o r w o r k e r s p a i d u n d e r v a r i o u s t i m e and i n
c e n t i v e s y s t e m s . U n d e r a s i n g l e r a t e s t r u c t u r e th e s a m e r a t e is p a i d
t o a ll e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s in th e s a m e j o b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . A n i n d i v i d
ual w o r k e r o c c a s i o n a l l y m a y b e p a id a b o v e o r b e l o w th e s i n g l e r a t e
f o r s p e c i a l r e a s o n s , but s u c h p a y m e n t s a r e e x c e p t io n s . A r a n g e - o f r a t e s p la n s p e c i f i e s th e m in im u m a n d / o r m a x im u m ra te p a id e x p e r i
e n c e d w o r k e r s f o r th e s a m e j o b . I n fo r m a t io n a l s o is p r o v id e d o n the
m e t h o d o f p r o g r e s s i o n th r o u g h th e r a n g e . In th e a b s e n c e o f a f o r m a l
r a t e s t r u c t u r e , th e q u a lif ic a t io n s o f th e in d iv id u a l w o r k e r d e t e r m in e
th e p a y r a t e . I n fo r m a t io n on t y p e s o f in c e n t iv e p la n s is p r o v id e d o n ly
f o r p la n t w o r k e r s b e c a u s e o f th e lo w in c id e n c e o f s u c h p la n s f o r o f f i c e
w ork ers.
U n d er a p i e c e w o r k s y s t e m , a p r e d e t e r m in e d r a t e is p a id
f o r e a c h u nit o f ou tp u t. P r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s a r e b a s e d o n p r o d u c t io n
o v e r a q u o ta o r c o m p le t io n o f a jo b in l e s s th a n s ta n d a r d t i m e .
C om
p e n s a t io n on a c o m m i s s i o n b a s i s r e p r e s e n t s p a y m e n t s b a s e d o n a
p e r c e n t a g e o f v a lu e o f s a l e s , o r on a c o m b in a t io n o f a s ta t e d s a la r y
p lu s a p e r c e n t a g e .
ta b le
D a ta
B -7 .
on
fre q u e n cy
of
w age
paym ent
a ls o
are
p r o v id e d
in
4
Table 1. Establishm ents and W orkers Within Scope of Survey and Number Studied in W orcester, M a s s .,1 by M ajor Industry D ivision, 2 May 1970
Number of establishments
Industry division
Minimum
employment
in establish
ments in scope
o f study
A ll division s_______________________________
Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing-----------------------------------------------Transportation, com m unication, and
other public utilities 5 _____________________
W holesale tra d e_____________________________
Retail trade__________________________________
Finance, insurance, and real esta te_______
_ ---S ervices 8 ------- — _ — ___ — _
50
-
50
50
50
50
50
W orkers in establishm ents
Within scope of study
Within scope
of study*
Studied
T otal4
Studied
Plant
Number
P ercent
O ffice
T otal4
295
96
62, 744
100
41,702
10,555
39,252
167
128
47
49
39,299
23, 445
63
37
29,378
12,324
4, 343
6, 212
24,253
14,999
16
21
61
18
12
10
6
15
9
9
4, 921
1, 760
10,031
5, 334
1,399
8
3
16
8
2
2, 880
(‘ )
(6)
(7)
(6)
902
(‘ )
( )
(6)
(6)
4, 402
658
4, 435
4, 445
1,059
1 The W orcester Standard M etropolitan Statistical A rea, as defined by the Bureau of the Budget through January 1968, con sists of the city of W o rcester, and the towns of Auburn, Berlin,
Boylston, B rookfield, East B rookfield, Grafton, Holden, L e ice ste r, M illbury, Northborough, Northbridge, North B rookfield, Oxford, Paxton, Shrewsbury, Spencer, Sterling, Sutton, Upton,
W estborough, and West Boylston in W orcester County. The "w ork ers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and com position
of the labor force included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, how ever, to serve as a basis of com parison with other employment indexes fo r the area to m easure employment trends
or levels since (l) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishm ent data com piled con siderably in advance of the p a yroll period studied, and (2) sm all establishm ents are excluded
from the scope of the survey.
2 The 1967 edition of the Standard Industrial C lassification Manual was used in classifying establishm ents by industry division.
3 Includes all establishm ents with total employment at or above the minimum limitation. All outlets (within the area) of com panies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair se rvice ,
and m otion picture theaters are con sid ered as 1 establishm ent.
4 Includes executive, p rofession a l, and other w orkers excluded from the separate plant and o ffice ca tegories.
5 Taxicabs and se rv ice s incidental to water transportation were excluded.
6 This industry division is represented in estim ates fo r "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tables, and for "a ll industries" in the S eries B tables.
Separate presentation
of data for this division is not made for one or m ore of the following reasons; (1) Employment in the division is too sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study,(2) the sample was not
designed initially to perm it separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to perm it separate presentation, and (4) there is p ossib ility of d isclosu re of individual establishm ent data.
7 W orkers from this entire industry division are represented in estim ates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tables, but from the real estate portion only in estim ates
for "a ll industries" in the S eries B tables. Separate presentation of data for this division is not made fo r one or m ore of the reasons
given in footnote 6 above.
8 Hotels and m otels; laundries and other personal s e rv ice s ; business s e rv ice s ; automobile repair, rental, and parking; m otion pictu res; nonprofit m em bership organizations (excluding religious
and charitable organizations); and engineering and architectural s e rv ice s.
About tw o-thirds of the w orkers within scope of the survey in the W orcester area
were em ployed in manufacturing firm s. The following presents the m ajor industry groups
and s p e cific industries as a percent of all manufacturing;
Industry groups
S pecific industries
M achinery, except electrica l— 21
P rim a ry m etal in d u stries______ 15
Stone, clay, and glass
p rod u cts_______________________ 14
F abricated m etal p rod u cts_____ 13
Leather and leather products__ 6
M iscellaneous nonmetallic
m ineral products______________ 14
Metalworking m achinery________10
Special industry m ach in ery___ 8
M iscellaneous prim ary
m etal products_________________ 7
Blast furnace and basic
steel products------------------------- 6
Footwear, except ru b b e r______ 5
This inform ation is based on estim ates of total employment derived from universe
m aterials com piled p rior to actual survey. P roportions in various industry divisions may
differ from proportions based on the results of the survey as shown in table 1 above.
W age
T re n d s
fo r
O c c u p a t io n a l
Se
G ro u p s
F o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s a n d i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , the w a g e
t r e n d s r e l a t e to r e g u l a r w e e k l y s a l a r i e s f o r the n o r m a l w o r k w e e k ,
e x clu s iv e of earn ings fo r o v e r t im e .
F o r pla n t w o r k e r g r o u p s , th e y
m e a s u r e c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , e x c l u d i n g
p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and
la te s h i f t s .
T h e p e r c e n t a g e s a r e b a s e d o n data f o r s e l e c t e d k e y o c c u
p a t i o n s and i n c l u d e m o s t o f the n u m e r i c a l l y i m p o r t a n t j o b s w ith in
each group.
P r e s e n t e d in t a b le 2 a r e i n d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e
in a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s ,
and in a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s o f s e l e c t e d p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s .
The in d e x e s
a r e a m e a s u r e o f w a g e s at a g i v e n t i m e , e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t o f
w a g e s d u r i n g th e b a s e p e r i o d . S u b t r a c t i n g 100 f r o m th e i n d e x y i e l d s
the p e r c e n t a g e c h a n g e in w a g e s f r o m th e b a s e p e r i o d t o the date o f the
in d e x . The p e r c e n t a g e s o f ch a n ge o r i n c r e a s e r e la t e to w age ch a n ge s
b e t w e e n th e i n d i c a t e d d a t e s .
T h ese e stim a te s are m e a s u r e s o f change
i n a v e r a g e s f o r th e a r e a ; t h e y a r e not i n t e n d e d t o m e a s u r e a v e r a g e
p a y c h a n g e s i n the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the a r e a .
L i m i t a t i o n s o f Data
M ethod o f C om putin g
The in d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f ch a n g e , a s m e a s u r e s of
c h a n g e in a r e a a v e r a g e s , a r e i n f l u e n c e d b y :
(1) g e n e r a l s a l a r y and
w a g e c h a n g e s , (2) m e r i t o r o t h e r i n c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e i v e d b y i n d i
v i d u a l w o r k e r s w h i l e in the s a m e j o b , a nd (3) c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e
w a g e s due to c h a n g e s in the l a b o r f o r c e r e s u l t i n g f r o m l a b o r t u r n
o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n s i o n s , f o r c e r e d u c t i o n s , a n d c h a n g e s in the p r o p o r
t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d b y e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith d i f f e r e n t p a y l e v e l s .
C h a n g e s in the l a b o r f o r c e c a n c a u s e i n c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the
o c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s w ith o u t a c t u a l w a g e c h a n g e s .
It i s c o n c e i v a b l e
that e v e n th o u g h a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in a n a r e a g a v e w a g e i n c r e a s e s ,
a v e r a g e w a g e s m a y have d e c lin e d b e c a u s e lo w e r - p a y in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts
e n t e r e d the a r e a o r e x p a n d e d t h e i r w o r k f o r c e s .
S im ilarly, wages
m a y h a v e r e m a i n e d r e l a t i v e l y c o n s t a n t , y e t th e a v e r a g e s f o r a n a r e a
m a y have r is e n c o n s i d e r a b l y b e c a u s e h ig h e r -p a y in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts
e n t e r e d the a r e a .
E a c h o f th e s e l e c t e d k e y o c c u p a t i o n s w it h in an o c c u p a t i o n a l
g ro u p was a s s ig n e d a con sta n t w eigh t b a s e d on its p r o p o r t io n a te e m
p l o y m e n t in the o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p .
The a verage (m ean) earn ings for
e a c h o c c u p a t i o n w e r e m u l t i p l i e d b y th e o c c u p a t i o n a l w e i g h t , and the
p r o d u c t s f o r a ll o c c u p a t i o n s in th e g r o u p w e r e t o t a l e d . T h e a g g r e g a t e s
f o r 2 c o n s e c u t i v e y e a r s w e r e r e l a t e d b y d i v i d i n g th e a g g r e g a t e f o r
the l a t e r y e a r b y th e a g g r e g a t e f o r th e e a r l i e r y e a r .
The resultant
r e l a t i v e , l e s s 100 p e r c e n t , s h o w s the p e r c e n t a g e c h a n g e .
The in dex
i s the p r o d u c t o f m u l t i p l y i n g th e b a s e y e a r r e l a t i v e (100) b y the r e l a t i v e
f o r the n e x t s u c c e e d i n g y e a r and c o n t i n u i n g to m u l t i p l y ( c o m p o u n d )
e a c h y e a r ' s r e l a t i v e b y th e p r e v i o u s y e a r ' s i n d e x . A v e r a g e e a r n i n g s
f o r the f o l l o w i n g o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e u s e d i n c o m p u t i n g th e w a g e t r e n d s :
Office clerical (men and women): Office clerical (men and women)— Skilled maintenance (men):
Bookkeeping-machine
Continued
Carpenters
operators, class B
Secretaries
Electricians
Clerks, accounting, classes
Stenographers, general
Machinists
A and B
Stenographers, senior
Mechanics
Clerks, file, classes
Switchboard operators, classes
Mechanics (automotive)
A , B, and C
A and B
Painters
Clerks, order
Tabulating-machine operators,
Pipefitters
Clerks, payroll
class B
Tool and die makers
Comptometer operators
Typists, classes A and B
Keypunch operators, classes
Unskilled plant (men):
A and B
Industrial nurses (men and women):
Janitors, porters, and cleaners
Office boys and girls
Nurses, industrial (registered)
Laborers, material handling
T h e u s e o f c o n s t a n t e m p l o y m e n t w e i g h t s e l i m i n a t e s the e f f e c t
o f c h a n g e s in the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in e a c h j o b i n
c l u d e d in th e d a t a .
The p e r c e n ta g e s o f change r e fle c t on ly ch a nges
in a v e r a g e p a y f o r s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r s .
T h e y a r e not i n f l u e n c e d b y
c h a n g e s in s t a n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u l e s , a s s u c h , o r b y p r e m i u m pa y
for overtim e.
W h e r e n e c e s s a r y , data w e r e a d j u s t e d to r e m o v e f r o m
the i n d e x e s a n d p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e a n y s i g n i f i c a n t e f f e c t c a u s e d
b y c h a n g e s in th e s c o p e o f the s u r v e y .
5
6
T a b l e 2.
I n d e x e s o f S t a n d a r d W e e k l y S a l a r i e s a nd S t r a i g h t - T i m e H o u r l y E a r n i n g s f o r S e l e c t e d O c c u p a t i o n a l G r o u p s
in W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , M a y 1970 and M a y 1 9 6 9, and P e r c e n t s o f C h a n g e 1 f o r S e l e c t e d P e r i o d s
A ll in du stries
P eriod
O ffice
clerical
( m e n and
w om en)
In du strial
nurses
( m e n and
women)
Skilled
m a in ten ance
trades
(m en)
M an ufactu ring
U n sk illed
p la n t
w orkers
(m en)
O ffice
clerica l
( m e n and
women)
In dustrial
nurses
( m e n and
women)
Skilled
m ain ten a n ce
trad es
(m en)
U nskilled
p la n t
w orkers
(men)
1 2 4 .4
11 2 .7
117.1
107.9
118.7
108.1
1 5 4 .5
1 2 4 .2
1 4 0 .2
1 1 9 .8
1 5 6 .8
132.1
1 0 .4
6 .0
6.3
5.7
6 .6
3 .2
2—.5
1.6
5.6
1.1
8.5
4.5
3 .2
5.2
5.3
2.8
.9
1.4
2.8
3 .4
9 .8
4 .9
3 .0
5.1
7.6
2.1
3.5
3.3
7 .0
3.5
I n d e x e s ( J u n e 1967 = 100)
M a y 1 9 7 0 _____________________________________
M a y 1 9 6 9 --------------------------------------------------------
1 2 0 .4
1 1 1 .5
1 2 4 .6
112.9
11 7 .5
1 0 8 .4
1 1 6 .6
1 0 8 .5
1 2 0 .2
1 0 9 .6
I n d e x e s (Ju n e 1961 = 100)
M a y 1970
J u n e 19 6 7 ---------------------------------------------------------
1 4 8 .8
1 2 3 .6
15 6 .8
125.9
142.1
1 2 1 .0
150.3
1 2 9 .0
145.1
1 2 0 .8
P e r c e n t s of change 1
M ay
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
19 6 2
1961
1960
1
2
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
M ay
May
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
June
1970
1 9 6 9 _________ - ___________
1968 ___ —
____
1 9 6 7 ____________________
1 9 6 6 ____________________
1965 __ ____
__ ___
1 9 6 4 ____________________
1 9 6 3 ____________________
1 9 6 2 ____________________
1 9 6 1 ____________________
7.9
5.2
6 .0
5.7
5.5
1.9
1.6
2.7
4.2
3.6
10.3
6.3
6.3
6.7
6.1
3.1
0
2.1
5.6
1.1
A l l ch a n g e s a r e i n c r e a s e s u n le s s o t h e r w is e in d icated .
T h i s d e c l i n e l a r g e l y r e f l e c t s e m p l o y e e t u r n o v e r w it h in and
8.4
4.4
3.9
5.0
5.7
2.8
1.1
1.6
3.2
3 .4
7.4
4.1
4.2
5.9
6.8
1.8
3.3
4.2
3.9
4 .7
9 .7
3.9
5.5
5.2
3.1
2.0
1.5
3 .2
4.2
3.7
b e t w e e n h i g h - and l o w - w a g e
establish m en ts
r a t h e r than w a g e d e c r e a s e s .
N O T E : P r e v i o u s l y p u b l i s h e d i n d e x e s f o r the W o r c e s t e r a r e a u s e d J u n e 1961 a s the b a s e p e r i o d .
T h e y c a n b e c o n v e r t e d t o the n e w b a s e p e r i o d b y d i v i d i n g t h e m b y the c o r r e s p o n d i n g i n d e x n u m b e r s f o r
J u n e 1967 o n th e J u n e 1961 b a s e p e r i o d as s h o w n in the t a b l e . ( T h e r e s u l t s h o u ld b e m u l t i p l i e d b y 100.)
7
A.
Occupational Earnings
Table A-l.
O ffice Occupations—Men and Women
(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, W orcester, Mass. , May 1970)
Weekly earnings 1
( standard)
dum ber of w orkers
*
Sex, occupation, and industry division
of
[standard)
Mean2
Median 2
Middle range 2
$
t
55
weekly
60
$
$
65
70
$
75
t
*
80
85
r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s of—
$
90
$
95
$
$
105
100
*
110
$
115
$
120
$
125
$
130
$
*
140
150
$
160
$
170
and
under
60
180
and
65
70
75
80
85
90
-
-
95
100
105
110
-
2
2
-
-
115
120
125
130
140
150
160
170
180
over
3
3
~
8
7
1
13
2
26
15
42
1
1
i
*
5
13
1
4
2
2
_
_
_
_
HEN
CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A -------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
97
30
3 9 .5
3 8 .5
$
1 5 3 .0 0
1 3 9 .5 0
$
1 5 5 .0 0
1 5 0 .5 0
$
$
1 4 9 .0 0 -1 6 5 .0 0
1 2 7 .0 0 -1 5 3 .0 0
CLERKS,
29
3 8 .0
1 2 5 .0 0
1 3 0 .0 0
1 1 4 .0 0 -1 3 7 .0 0
39
27
3 9 .5
4 0 .0
9 8 .5 0
1 0 3 .0 0
9 5 .0 0
1 1 1 .0 0
8 4 .0 0 -1 1 6 .0 0
8 3 .5 0 -1 2 0 .0 0
ACCOUNTING,
CLASS B --------------
-
-
-
-
-
-
i
-
1
7
1
4
4
4
4
~
4
3
3
8
9
9
4
4
4
'
"
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
7
7
-
-
-
-
”
WOMEN
BILLERS, MACHINE (BILLING
MACHINE! ----------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
10
2
“
10
~
1
1
7
2
5
~
~
"
"
BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS,
MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
31
28
3 8 .0
3 8 .0
1 1 9 .5 0
1 2 1 .0 0
1 2 1 .0 0
1 2 2 .0 0
3
1 1 6 .0 0 -1 2 6 .0 0
1 1 7 .5 0 -1 2 7 .0 0
BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS,
“
58
3 9 .0
9 6 .5 0
9 9 .0 0
8 9 .0 0 -1 0 4 .0 0
_
NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
34
3 9 .0
9 3 .5 0
1 0 0 .0 0
8 9 .0 0 -1 0 2 .5 0
-
CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A -------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------
194
91
103
3 8 .5
3 9 .5
3 8 .0
1 2 8 .0 0
1 2 5 .5 0
-
-
-
1 3 6 .0 0
1 2 2 .0 0
1 0 9 .0 0 -1 5 0 .5 0
1 1 5 .0 0 -1 4 9 .5 0
1 0 6 .0 0 -1 5 1 .0 0
_
1 3 1 .5 0
1 2 5 .0 0
-
-
-
-
CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B -------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
359
110
249
3 8 .0
3 9 .0
3 7 .5
9 8 .0 0
9 8 .5 0
9 7 .5 0
9 3 .0 0
9 4 .5 0
9 2 .5 0
8 3 .5 0 -1 1 4 .5 0
8 7 .0 0 -1 1 2 .0 0
8 1 .5 0 -1 2 5 .0 0
B -----------------------
78
3 8 .5
8 0 .5 0
7 9 .0 0
7 5 .0 0 -
8 8 .0 0
CLERKS, F IL E , CLASS C --------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
90
60
3 8 .5
3 8 .0
7 9 .0 0
7 6 .5 0
7 9 .0 0
7 6 .5 0
7 4 .0 0 7 2 .5 0 -
8 3 .5 0
8 1 .0 0
CLERKS, PAYROLL ---------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
133
90
43
3 8 .5
3 8 .0
3 8 .5
1 0 4 .5 0
1 0 0 .0 0
1 1 4 .0 0
1 0 4 .0 0
9 8 .5 0
1 0 6 .0 0
KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A -------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
109
46
63
3 8 .5
3 9 .0
3 8 .0
1 0 6 .5 0
1 0 5 .5 0
1 0 7 .0 0
1 0 5 .0 0
1 0 5 .0 0
1 0 5 .0 0
KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B -------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
142
54
88
3 8 .5
9 0 .5 0
9 1 .0 0
9 1 .0 0
8 3 .0 0 -
9 8 .0 0
9 0 .5 0
9 2 .0 0
8 5 .0 0 8 3 .0 0 -
9 5 .0 0
9 9 .5 0
OFFICE GIRLS -----------------------------------------------
62
3 8 .0
7 4 .0 0 -
SECRETARIES3-------------------------------------------------
461
298
163
30
CLERKS,
FILE ,
CLASS
m a n u f a c t u r in g
-------------------------------------------
NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------- —
PUBLIC U T I L IT I E S 4--------------------------SECRtTARIES,
CLASS A ------------------------m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
3 9 .0
3 8 .5
39
39
38
38
.0
.0
.5
.5
45
3 8 .0
27
3 8 .5
9 0 .0 0
~
~
“
~
1
_
_
_
4
1
-
-
-
4
12
5
8
5
2
2
-
2
-
2
2
2
10
6
4
40
5
35
39
7
32
56
29
27
42
12
30
-
-
_
-
1
1
-
“
-
20
3
17
6
17
2
17
11
11
~
8
4
1
5
10
6
4
14
8
6
13
16
17
3
10
7
9
12
5
4
4
16
9
7
25
19
6
45
14
31
18
5
13
32
13
19
8
4
4
16
10
6
12
9
3
3
2
1
56
4
52
14
4
10
-
1
l
-
2
3
i
17
16
15
1
10
10
—
5
5
9
6
3
6
2
ii
24
7
13
7
i
-
_
21
20
23
18
25
12
5
3
6
2
4
-
6
5
9 1 .5 0 -1 1 4 .5 0
8 9 .0 0 -1 1 3 .0 0
9 8 .5 0 -1 3 0 .0 0
-
-
-
5
5
5
4
1
9
8
1
9
7
18
15
3
15
9
6
8
8
11
6
9 8 .0 0 -1 2 2 .5 0
1 0 0 .0 0 -1 1 2 .5 0
9 6 .0 0 -1 2 7 .0 0
_
-
5
5
3
3
22
12
10
20
12
8
12
5
7
13
13
1
1
3
“
“
20
33
16
19
4
16
17
3
13
4
15
-
-
6
12
8
1
-
_
~
-
-
-
-
-
i
-
2
-
~
i
2
15
-
1
5
-
-
9
-
1
5
6
23
5
18
2
3
-
8 0 .0 0
7 8 .0 0
8 5 .5 0
-
i
2
15
21
8
4
1 2 4 .0 0
1 2 4 .0 0
1 2 4 .5 0
1 2 3 .0 0
1 2 3 .5 0
1 2 1 .0 0
1 0 8 .5 0 -1 3 8 .5 0
1 1 0 .0 0 -1 3 7 .0 0
1 0 5 .5 0 -1 4 2 .5 0
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
3
9
-
-
3
-
~
-
-
1 4 5 .5 0
1 5 1 .0 0
1 3 4 .5 0 -1 5 4 .0 0
1 5 2 .5 0
1 6 0 .5 0
1 5 7 .5 0
1 5 9 .0 0
1 4 2 .5 0 -1 7 4 .5 0
-
-
-
-
1 5 2 .0 0 -1 7 6 .0 0
-
4
1
1
~
“
-
“
4
-
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
~
~
-
-
-
-
-
~
35
27
8
36
26
10
5
13
8
8
2
6
-
”
4
1
5
4
17
8
9
40
25
15
1
2
2
1
~
_
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
39
-
-
26
31
8
-
-
6
42
25
17
-
27
3
24
-
34
17
17
16
10
-
7
7
”
74
34
55
19
5
20
14
5
3
6
i
5
2
45
25
20
13
3
i
1
15
3
5
1
11
2
10
8
2
8
Table A-l.
Office Occupations—Men and Women------ Continued
(A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y hour s and e a rni ngs f o r s e l e c t e d o cc u pa t io n s studied on an a r e a b a s is by ind ustry d i v is i o n , W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , Ma y 1970)
Weekly earnings 1
(standard)
N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s re c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e w e e k l y ea rn in gs of—
*
Average
55
Sex, oc c u p a t io n , and in du str y di v is i o n
(standard)
SECRETARIES3
-
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
60
65
70
75
80
$
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
1A0
150
160
1 70
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
1A0
150
160
170
160
180
CONTINUED
CONTINUED
S E C R E T A R I E S , C L A S S B ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------
38.5
39.0
3 8.0
130.50
134.50
126.00
118 .00 124 .50 108 .00 -
143.50
149.50
142.00
S E C R E T A R I E S , C L A S S C ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------
39.0
39.0
38.5
122.00 1 2 6 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 5 0 122.00 1 2 6 . 5 0 1 1 2 . 5 0 121.00 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 0 2 . 5 0 -
134.50
134.00
142.50
S E C R E T A R I E S , C L A S S D ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------
129
1 10.50
109.00
1 15.50
102
131.00
135.50
123.00
111.00 1 0 2 . 5 0 -
120.00
119.50
132.50
9 2.0 09 2 .5 0 8 4 .5 0 -
106.00
104.00
119.00
1 10.50
110.50
S T E N O G R A P H E R S , G E N E R A L ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------N G N M A N U F AC T U R I N G ---------------------
150
113
99.00
39.0
39. 5 98.50
33.0 101.50
98.50
98.00
101.50
S T E N O G R A P H E R S , S t N I O R -----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------
100
49
38.5
40.0
3 7.0
107.00
104.00
107.00
103.00
9 9.5 09 9.0 0-
9 8.0 09 6.0 0-
102. 0 0 -
1 04.00
102.50
101.00
95.00
9 3.5 09 2 .5 0 8 2 .5 0 -
117.50
39. 5
39.5
39.0
96.50
97.50
93.50
97.00
97.50
94.50
9 2.5 09 4.0 09 1.5 0-
100.50
101.50
100.00
TRANSCRI8 ING-MACHINE OPERATORS,
G E N E R A L ------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------
37.5
37.0
9 3 . 50
93.50
94.50
95.00
8 4.5 08 4 .5 0 -
102.50
102.50
T Y P I S T S , C L A S S A ------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------
39.0
39.0
39.0
92.00
90.50
93.50
92.50
90.00
94.50
8 5 .5 0 101.00
8 5 .5 0 - 98.00
8 5 .5 0 103.00
33.5
39.5
37.5
85.00
84.00
87.00
85.00
85.00
85.50
78.5 07 7.0 08 0.0 0-
51
S W I T C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R S , C L A S S A ----N O N M A N U F A C T U K I N G --------------------OPERATORS,
CLASS
B -----
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSM A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------
T Y P I S T S , C L A S S 8 ------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------
105
74
31
202
123
20
15
116.50
115.00
110.00 1 0 9 . 0 0
SWITCHBOARD
$
under
60
WOMEN
*
120.00
113.50
119.00
90.00
89.00
94.00
1 Standard ho ur s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r which e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e th eir r e g ul ar s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s (e x c l u s i v e o f pay f o r o v e r t i m e at re g u l ar a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , and the ea rn in gs c o r r e s p o n d
to t hes e we ek ly ho ur s.
2 T he mea n is co m p u t ed fo r e ach j o b by totaling the earni ngs o f all w o r k e r s and dividing by the nu m b e r o f w o r k e r s . T he m ed ia n de s ig n a t e s posit io n— half o f the e m p l o y e e s s u r v e y e d r e c e i v e m o r e
than the rate shown; ha lf r e c e i v e l e s s than the rate shown.
T he m id dl e ra nge is define d by 2 rate s o f pay; a fourth o f the w o r k e r s e a rn l e s s than the l o w e r o f t hes e ra te s and a four th ea rn m o r e than
the hi gh e r rate,
3 M a y in clu de w o r k e r s o t h e r than t hos e p r e s e n t e d se p a r a t e l y .
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , and ot he r pu blic utilit ie s.
9
Table A-2.
Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women
(A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , W o r c e s t e r , M a s s ., M ay 1970)
Weekly earnings^^^™
(standard)
Sex, occupation, and industry division
Number
of
$
Average
weekly
s
90
Mean2
(standard)
Median 2
Middle range 2
100
s
110
$
120
Numbe r of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of
$
$
s
s
$
s
$
$
1
i
$
130
1A 0
150
160
170
180
190
200
210 220
230
2A 0
i
s
250
$
t
S
260
270
280
and
under
100
290
and
110
120
130
l A0
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
22 0
230
2A0
250
260
270
280
290
over
HEN
COMPUTER
COMPUTER
C O M P UT E R
$
$
AO
28
3 9 .0
3 8 .5
1 A 0 . 50
1A A .5 0
135.50
1 3 6.00
25
3 8 .5
2 A 7 .5 0
2 4 5 .0 0
54
3 8 .5
3 0 .5
18 7.50
1 9 A .5 0
177.50
40
26
3 7 .5
2 2 5.00
217.50
184
39. j
183
18 3.00
1 8 3.00
16 9 .0 0 -1 9 4 .0 0
A 0 .5
A 0 .5
155.00
1 5 A .5 0
1 5 5.00
1 5 A .5 0
1 A 7 .0 0 -1 6 6 .0 0
1 A 6 .0 0 -1 6 5 .0 0
70
62
A 1 .0
1 3 5.00
136.00
126.00—
1 A 6 .50
A1 .0
13 3.50
13A . 50
125.00—
1 A 3 .5 0
1
2
49
43
3 9 .0
3 9 .5
14 0.50
138.50
1A 3 .0 0
1A 2 .0 0
1 3 2 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 -
1 4 9.50
148.50
-
1
$
$
1 2 0 .0 0 -1 8 A .0 0
11 5 .5 0 -1 8 7 .0 0
1
1
l
1
3
10
10
PROG RA MER S.
6
1
1
1
1
PR OG RA M ER S,
SY ST E M S
101..,0
11
8
1 5 A .5 0 -2 2 6 .0 0
8
8
8
6
ANALYSTS,
*:
107
101
1
18 9 .0 0 -2 7 6 .0 0
1
(
19
1
1
16
UO
19
35
33
12
3
18
9
Z1
18
9
9
20
1A
17
1A
3
3
2
1
1
i
15
WOMEN
NURSES,
INDUSTRIAL
(RE G ISTE RE D )
-------
1 Standard h o u r s r e f le c t the w o rk w e e k f o r w h ich e m p lo y e e s
to t h e se w eek ly h o u r s .
2 F o r d e fin itio n o f t e r m s , se e fo o tn o te 2, ta ble A - l .
4
6
9
i
-
1
r e c e iv e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t -t im e s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e o f p a y fo r o v e r t im e at r e g u la r a n d /o r p r e m iu m
r a t e s ), and the e a rn in g s c o r r e s p o n d
10
Table A-3.
Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined
(A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s fo r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , W o r c e s t e r , M a s s ., M a y 1970)
Average
O ccu p a tion and in d u stry d iv isio n
OFFICE
Number
of
Average
Weekly
earnings 1
(standard) (standard)
Weekly
OFFICE
OCCUPATIONS
OCCUPATIONS
-
Average
Number
of
workeis
O c cu p a tio n and in d u stry d iv isio n
Weekly
hours 1
[standard)
Weekly
earnings 1
(standard)
C ONT IN U ED
Number
of
O c cu p a tio n and in d u stry d iv isio n
OFFICE
OCCUPATIONS
-
Weekly
hours 1
(standard)
C ONT IN U ED
$
41
29
31
28
B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H I N E
CL a s S 8
461
S EC R E T Aft I E S
(B ILL IN G
3 9 .5
4 0 .0
3 8 .0
119.50
3 8 .0
121.00
SECRETARIES,
OPERATORS,
58
34
3 9 .0
3 9 .0
9 6 .5 0
9 3 .5 0
291
133
3 9 .0
3 8 .0
1 3 6.50
1 2 8.50
300
38 0
3 9 .0
117
271
3 8 .0
CLASS
CLERKS*
FILE*
CLASS
0
78
3 8 .5
8 0 .5 0
CLERKS*
FILE*
CLASS
C
90
60
3 8 .5
3 8 .0
7 9 .0 0
7 6 .5 0
40
32
3 9 .5
3 9 .5
121.50
129.00
138
92
46
3 8 .5
3 8 .5
3 8 .5
1 0 6.00
100.50
1 1 6.50
109
46
63
30 "
3 9 .0
3 8 .0
1 0 5.50
1 0 7.00
143
3 8 .5
9 0 .5 0
89
3 8 .5
9 0 .0 0
TA B ULA TING -M A CH INE
CL A . . 0
5
80* 00
TRAN SCRIBIN G-M ACH IN E
3 8 .0
8 0 .5 0
L L l KIno * U K U t K
NO NMANUFACT URING
-----------------------------------------
3i
54
39
39 0
3 9 .0
3 8 .5
124.00
124.50
3 8 .5
145.50
27
3 8 .5
1 5 2.50
160.50
141
3 8 .5
298
163
30
9 9 .0 0
1 0 3.50
8
--------------------------------
o o c
o o c
M AC HINE
o o c
o o c
BILLERS,
3 9 .0
129
3 9 .0
110.50
27
3 9 .0
11--* - ' 0
150
3 9 .0
9 9 .0 0
37
S W IT C H B O A R D
OPERATORS,
CLASS
B ----------
OPER A TOR -R EC E PTIO N ISTS-
24
101.50
1 0 7.00
3 7 .0
110.00
A ND
3 9 .0
3 9 .0
$
9 2 .0 0
9 0 .5 0
9 3 .0 0
79
3 7 .5
8 7 .0 0
TECHNICAL
137.50
r/ M in .,-rr n
COM PUTER
35
39. 5
1 0 6.50
33
27
3 8 .5
3 8 .5
2 3 2.00
24 2.50
50
3 7 .5
1 5 7.50
28
3 7 .0
2 2 3.00
96
93
39
3 9 .5
183.00
1 8 3.00
109
4 0 .5
155.00
64
4 1 .0
51
45
3 9 .0
3 9 .5
n n n e.n . .. v
PR UGRAMERS *
COMPUTER
PR0GRAM ERS,
COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
ANALYSTS,
9 5 .5 0
105
74
31
3 9 .5
3 9 .5
3 9 .0
9 6 .5 0
9 7 .5 0
9 3 .5 0
32
3 7 .5
1 0 9.50
*"
OPERATORS,
134.50
OPERATORS,
NURSES,
58
1 S tandard h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e
c o r r e s p o n d to th e s e w e e k ly h o u r s .
2 M a y in clu d e w o r k e r s o th e r than th o s e p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly .
3 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s .
3 8 .0
3 8 .5
3 8 .5
PROFESSIONAL
59
65
122.00
121.00
95
100
S W IT C HB OA R D
1 3 0.50
134.50
Weekly
earnings 1
(standard)
3 7 .0
s a la r i e s (e x c lu s iv e
9 3 .5 0
INDUSTRIAL
(REGISTERED)
-------
1 3 9.50
1 3 7.50
o f pay fo r o v e r t im e at r e g u la r a n d /o r p r e m iu m r a t e s ) , and the e a rn in g s
11
Table A-4.
Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations
(A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly ea rn in g s fo r m en in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u str y d i v is i o n , W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , M a y 1970)
Hourly earnings 1
of
”
Mean2
t a
Median 2
Middle range 2
S
3.0 0
i
3.10
$
3.20
$
3.30
S
3.4 0
$
3.50
$
3. 60
$
3 .7 0
S
3 . 80
%
3.90
%
4.00
$
4 .2 0
$
4. 40
$
4.60
$
4 .8 0
$
5 .0 0
2.50
2.60
2 .7 0
2.80
2.90
3.0 0
3 .1 0
3.20
3 . 30
3.40
3.50
3.60
3. 70
3 .8 0
3. 90
4.20
4.40
4 . 60
4.80
5«00
over
-
4
4
-
4
4
-
i
i
3
3
-
-
3
3
4
4
-
-
-
-
3
_
2
2
11
19
19
32
1
1
2
2
-
1
1
_
-
5
5
2
_
59
54
$
3.75
3.56
$
3.79
3.75
$
3 .1 8 3 .1 4 -
$
3.88
3.86
E L E C T R I C I A N S , M A I N T E N A N C E -----------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------
128
116
4.17
4.12
4.24
4.08
3 .7 9 3 .7 4 -
4.6 3
4.5 9
-
-
_
-
_
i
i
10
10
E N G I N E E R S , S T A T I O N A R Y ----------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------
36
3.87
4.2 4
4.15
_
-
-
-
i
-
3 . 88
3 .4 8 3 .4 8 -
-
33
3 .8 4
3.84
F I R E M E N , S T A T I O N A R Y B O I L E R --------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------
67
65
3.16
3.18
3.09
3.25
2 .7 4 2 .7 4 -
3.54
3.5 4
M A C H I N E - T O O L O P E R A T O R S , T OOL ROOM —
M A N O F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------
114
114
3.42
3.42
3.27
3.27
3 .2 3 3 .2 3 -
3.65
3.6 5
-
M A C H I N I S T S , M A I N T E N A N C E ----------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------
171
170
3.85
3.84
3.85
3.85
3 .4 6 3 .4 6 -
4 .0 9
4 .0 9
_
109
31
78
3.72
3 .8 9
3.90
3.98
3 .4 3 3 .8 9 -
4.02
4.21
66
3.65
3.71
3.55
3.88
3 .4 2 3 .4 3 -
3.98
4 .0 0
291
281
3.76
3.75
3.78
3.77
3 .3 8 3 .3 8 -
4 .0 5
4 .0 4
52
52
3.15
3.15
3.24
3.24
2 .7 3 2 .7 3 -
3.64
3.6 4
P I P E F I T T E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E -------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------
75
75
4.05
4.05
4.09
4.09
3 .8 1 3 .8 1 -
4.41
4.41
S H E E T -M E T A L WORKE RS, M AINTE NANC E —
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------
38
38
3.71
3.71
3.81
3.81
3 .2 9 3 .2 9 -
4.08
4.08
T OO L ANO 0 I E M A K E R S ---------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------
211
211
3.62
3.62
3.59
3.59
3 .4 3 3 .4 3 -
3.76
3.76
M E C H A N I C S , AUTO MOTIVE
( M A I N T E N A N C E ! -----------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S 3 ----------------------------------M E C H A N I C S , M A I N T E N A N C E -------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------
MANUFAC TURING
1
2
3
------------------------------------------------
E x clu d e s p r e m iu m p a y fo r o v e r t i m e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s ,
F o r d e fin itio n o f t e r m s , s e e fo o tn o te 2 , ta b le A - l .
T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s .
“
1
1
-
6
6
_
_
2
2
_
-
-
_
~
“
_
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
1
1
-
2
2
-
20
20
h o lid a y s ,
4
4
_
6
6
_
-
2
2
_
_
_
~
“
10
10
_
-
-
i
i
_
2
3
-
2
3
10
10
i
i
-
5
5
-
-
-
_
-
-
_
-
and la te s h ift s .
_
“
-
4
4
-
_
1
_
-
_
of—
$
2.90
C A R P E N T E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E ----------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------
2
1
h o u r Ly e a r n i n g s
S
2 .8 0
Under2 * "0
$
and
2 .4 0 under
-
straigh t-tim e
$
2 . 70
5
5
-
_
2
2
-
-
-
2
2
15
15
-
1
1
7
7
-
-
-
~
-
4
4
-
_
1
1
-
2
2
-
i
i
-
2
4
2
4
5
5
7
7
2
2
-
2
2
1
1
-
i
i
2
2
-
8
8
4
4
3
3
15
15
-
67
67
-
2
2
6
6
2
_
3
2
2
*
3
6
6
-
23
-
1
1
23
-
20
8
44
43
32
32
4
4
i
i
1
1
2
2
2
2
4
4
1
1
-
1
1
3
-
4
3
*
4
11
11
12
12
42
42
-
17
-
11
11
6
6
4
4
9
9
_
_
-
-
8
8
2
2
_
i
i
3
3
_
3
5
5
-
5
5
8
8
n
ii
10
17
7
5
5
49
49
u
7
1
1
3
3
21
20
29
29
o
o
O cc u p a tio n and in d u s tr y d iv is io n
receivin g
$
2.6 0
■t*
N um be r of w jrkers
$
2.50
$
Number
1
3
3
3
_
-
2
15
15
l
9
4
2
1
1
_
-
2
2
_
-
-
-
4
4
9
9
4
_
-
_
4
-
40
40
16
16
15
15
1
1
4
2
3
2
_
_
_
_
-
-
25
_
14
14
~
9
26
18
5
11
10
6
3
16
13
13
8
3
3
13
13
13
13
52
50
11
11
2
38
2
38
18
18
_
-
_
-
-
-
3
3
3
3
15
15
_
4
-
4
7
7
22
22
ii
2
ii
11
2
11
_
-
36
36
i
4
4
1
3
1
22
5
16
1
1
_
_
-
-
-
21
1
1
-
-
_
“
-
13
13
5
5
1
1
7
7
17
17
6
6
1
1
3
3
-
2
11
11
8
8
-
-
2
12
Table A-5.
Custodial and Material Movement Occupations
(A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , W o r c e s t e r , M a s s ., M a y 1970)
N u m b er of w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g stra ig h t-tim e hou rly earning
Hourly earnings 2
O c c u p a t io n 1 and in d u str y d iv is io n
woikeis
G U A R D S AND WATCHMEN ---------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------
Mean3
Median 3
Middle range3
t
o f ----
$
1 .70
$
1 . 80
$
1 .90
2 .0 0
$
2 . 10
S
2 .20
$
2 .3 0
$
2 .4 0
S
2 .5 0
$
2 .6 0
$
2 .7 0
i
$
2 80 3 . 0 0
$
3 20
$
3 .40
$
3 .6 0
$
3 .8 0
$
4 .0 0
$
4 .20
$
4 .4 0
$
4 .60
$
4 .8 0
1.70
1 .80
1.9 0
2 .0 0
2 . 10
2 .2 0
2.3 0
2 .40
2 .5 0
2 .6 0
2 .70
2 . 80
3 00
3.2 0
3 40
3 .6 0
3 .8 0
4 .0 0
4 .2 0
4 .4 0
4 .6 0
4 .8 0
over
-
-
20
20
17
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
$
1.60
Number
a nd
under
293
155
$
2 .3 3
2 .69
$
2 .2 9
2 .82
$
1 .6 8 2 .4 1 -
$
2 .9 7
3 .0 6
91
82
2 .9 2
3 .0 3
2 .5 9 -
3 .13
-
9
8
11
8
5
2
14
13
25
22
1
l
2
2
30
22
40
40
16
11
12
6
~
-
2
2
1
17
i
-
12
32
9
6
-
-
GUA RDS :
MANUFACTURING
-------------------------------------------------
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
3
_
-
-
-
-
WATCHMEN:
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------
73
2 .4 3
2 .4 3
1 .9 9 -
2 .8 6
-
-
-
20
-
8
6
-
12
5
?
10
8
2
-
-
J A N I T O R S , P O R T E R S , AND C L E A N E R S ------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------
649
416
233
2 .5 0
2 .6 7
2 .21
2 .6 3
2 .7 4
2 .05
2 .0 72 .4 5 1 .8 5 -
2 .89
3 .0 2
2 .5 1
8
2
6
22
4
18
88
12
76
10
6
4
53
27
26
27
23
4
24
4
20
24
19
5
30
14
16
23
14
9
52
44
8
97
91
6
51
37
14
10 1
92
9
25
16
9
ii
ii
_
-
-
“
~
i n
67
2 .1 9
2 .0 3
2 .19
2 .02
1 .9 5 1 .8 5 -
2 .46
2 .1 8
7
7
1
1
17
17
6
6
20
16
5
5
5
1
2
2
37
4
5
5
_
----------------------------------------
5
2
1
1
L A B O R E R S , M A T E R I A L H A N D L I N G -----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------
445
372
2 .8 7
2 .99
2 .49
2 .5 7
2 .2 4 2 .3 2 -
3 .3 4
3 .5 0
4
10
10
40
18
18
8
8
14
14
40
40
18
18
71
70
13
13
20
13
13
29
29
29
29
10
10
12
12
14
14
14
6
9
9
6
6
6
6
ORDER
F I L L E R S -----------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------
166
47
3 .0 2
2 .66
3 .3 0
2 .45
2 .7 7 2 .2 5 -
3 .3 8
2 .98
-
23
23
-
2
2
7
2
-
15
31
11
4
4
57
i
24
i
-
_
1
i
i
i
-
-
1
1
PACKERS,
13 6
135
3 .6 6
3 .6 8
3 .21
3 .22
2 .8 5 2 .8 6 -
4 .88
4 .88
i
-
1
l
-
46
46
3
3
7
7
3
3
1
i
-
----------------------------------------------------
3
3
2
2
3
3
PACKERS,
S H I P P I N G ( W O M E N ) -----------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------
49
49
2 .1 9
2 .1 9
2.07
2 .0 7
2 .0 1 2 .0 1 -
2 .1 5
2 .1 5
1
1
2
2
-
R E C E I V I N G C L E R K S -----------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------
65
39
26
3 .0 4
2 .9 8
3 .1 4
3 .0 4
2 .95
3 .28
2 .7 6 2 .7 3 2 .8 9 -
3 .3 2
3 .1 5
3 .48
S H I P P I N G C L E R K S --------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------
38
32
3.02
2 .9 9
3 .0 6
3 .0 4
2 .8 4 2 .7 3 -
3 .3 3
3 .3 3
-
S H I P P I N G AND R E C E I V I N G C L E R K S ------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------
56
29
2 .8 0
2 .97
2 .82
3 .0 4
2 .6 3 2 .8 7 -
3 .0 6
3 .1 4
-
T R U C K D R I V E R S 5 --------------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S 6 — ,-----------------------------
692
203
489
266
3 .6 7
3 .55
3 .73
4 .2 5
3 .8 4
3 .8 0
4 .21
4 .2 5
3 .2 2 3 .2 5 3 .1 9 4 .2 2 -
4 .24
3 .8 9
4 .25
4 .2 8
-
-
_
_
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
~
T R U C K D R I V E R S , MEDI UM ( 1 - 1 / 2
TO
AND I N C L U D I N G 4 T O N S ) --------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------
12 8
49
3 .0 9
3 .2 7
2 .7 8
3 .5 6
2 .7 2 2 .5 4 -
3 .5 7
3 .7 6
_
_
T R U C K D R I V E R S , H EA VY ( O V E R 4 T O N S ,
T R A I L E R T Y P E ) ------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S 6 -----------------------------------
32 5
110
215
127
JANITO RS,
PORTERS,
AND
NONMANUFACT URING
SHIPPING
M A N U F A C T U R IN G
CLE A NE RS
----------------------------------------------
See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le .
3 .8 8
3 .8 0
3.92
4 .2 5
3 .9 0
3 .87
4.22
4 .2 5
3 .6 6 3 .8 2 3 .6 4 4 .2 3 -
4 .2 4
3 .9 2
4 .2 6
4 .28
_
“
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
10
10
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
20
20
12
12
2
2
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
"
-
~
_
_
“
~
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
2
-
5
1
1
_
_
_
~
-
5
i
4
-
2
2
_
~
4
4
-
~
-
5
5
-
4
4
-
6
6
-
4
4
6
6
-
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
12
10
i
~
i
i
-
-
-
-
-
14
14
4
4
i
_
-
_
_
22
3
19
49
22
27
35
20
15
~
76
18
58
~
23
8
15
15
4
i
_
4
4
58
94
94
_
12 7
4
4
-
8
7
8
6
16
-
ii
11
~
~
“
7
7
2
2
55
2
~
-
3
-
9
5
4
32
10
22
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“
-
-
2
2
~
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
14
4
10
_
~
8
14
11
3
59
4
55
~
18
18
8
8
5
3
24
4
20
“
9
9
-
3
-
10
9
1
4
4
"
_
8
8
i
i
~
“
-
5
i
_
-
_
~
30
10
20
-
58
-
_
-
-
101
_
98
-
267
4
263
263
3
3
“
-
-
127
127
29
29
44 1
41
_
-
-
1
1
-
~
_
1
1
_
_
_
-
-
-
13
Table A-5.
Custodial and Material
Movement Occupations— Continued
(Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Worcester, M ass., May 1970)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Data limited to men workers except where otherwise indicated.
Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends,holidays, and late shifts.
For definition of terms, see footnote 2, table A -l.
Workers were distributed as follows:
11 at $4.80 to $5; 4 at $5 to$5.20; 20 at $5.20 to $5.40; and 6 at $5.40 and over.
Includes all drivers, as defined, regardless of size and type of truck operated.
Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.
14
B.
Establishm ent
Table
B-l.
P ractices
Minimum
and
Entrance
Supplem entary
Salaries
for
W age
W om en
Provisions
O ffice
W orkers
(Distribution of establishm ents studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary for selected categories
of inexperienced women office w ork ers, W orcester, M ass., May 1970)
Inexperienced typists
Manufacturing
Minimum weekly straight-tim e s a la r y 1
Other inexperienced cle rica l wc>rkers 2
Nonmanufacturing
Manufacturing
Based on standard weekly hours 3 of—
All
industries
All
schedules
All
industries
40
All
schedules
37 V2
40
XXX
XXX
Nonmanufactur mg
Based on standard weekly hours 3 o fAll
schedules
40
96
47
XXX
All
schedules
37 V2
40
49
XXX
XXX
Establishments studied———-------------------------------------------
96
47
XXX
49
Establishm ents having a specified minimum-----------------------
35
17
16
18
5
8
43
21
19
22
5
12
Under $62.50------------------------------------------------------- — --------$ 62.50 and under $ 65.00—
— -----—
$65.00 and under $ 67.50—-----------------------------------------------$ 67.50 and under $ 70.00______________________ —------------$ 70.00 and under $ 72.50. - - ...........................................
$ 72.50 and under $ 75.00_
— —
---$ 75.00 and under $77.50________________________________
$77.50 and under $80.00___________________________ ___—
$ 80.00 and under $82.50____________—----------------------------$82.50 and under $85.00__ _______ __________ . — $ 85.00 and under $87.50________________________________
$ 87.50 and under $90.00-------------------------------------------------$90.00 and o v e r --------- ---- -------------------------------------------------
1
5
5
7
1
3
2
6
3
1
4
2
4
2
1
1
2
-
-
2
1
1
_
1
2
1
1
_
4
2
1
1
-
1
6
i
4
12
3
2
7
3
1
1
2
_
1
3
6
i
i
6
1
1
1
_
1
2
6
1
6
1
1
-
_
1
2
3
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
6
2
1
1
2
i
i
_
1
2
1
-
_
1
3
3
1
1
1
5
1
-
1
_
5
4
1
1
1
-
Establishments having no specified m inim um --------------------
16
12
XXX
4
XXX
XXX
23
17
XXX
6
XXX
XXX
Establishm ents which did not em ploy w orkers
in this category
------------
45
18
XXX
27
XXX
XXX
30
9
XXX
21
XXX
XXX
— —
-
1 These salaries relate to form a lly established minimum starting (hiring) regular straight-tim e salaries that are paid fo r standard workweeks.
2 Excludes w orkers in s u b clerica l jobs such as m essenger or office girl.
3 Data are presented for all standard workweeks com bined, and fo r the m ost com m on standard workweeks reported.
-
-
1 5
Table
B -2.
Shift
Differentials
(L a te-sh ift pay provisions fo r manufacturing plant w orkers by type and amount of pay d ifferential,
W orcester, M a ss., May 1970)
(A ll plant w orkers i n manufacturing * 100 percent)
P ercent of m anufacturing plant w ork ers—
L ate-shift pay p rovision
Total________________________ ______________
In establishm ents having p rovisions 1
fo r late shifts
A ctually working on late shifts
Second shift
Third or other
shift
Second shift
T hird or other
shift
82.7
68.1
17.0
4.4
No pay differential for work on late sh ift--------
10.1
_
2.4
_
Pay d ifferential for work on late s h ift_________
72.6
68.1
14.6
4.4
34.8
32.8
7.1
2.1
1.9
_
2.3
1.9
.5
_
-
-
Type and amount of differential:
U niform cents (p er h o u r)________________
4 c e n ts ___ ____________________ ___
5 c e n ts _________________________________
7 c e n ts --------------------------------------------- —
8 ce n ts ------------------------ ------------------------10 cen ts________________________________
12 cen ts__________ __________ _______
15 cen ts________________________________
20 cen ts____________________ __________
25 cen ts________________________________
-
3.1
5.3
10.5
2.7
8.8
2.6
-
9.5
5.3
7.2
5.5
1.1
.5
1.0
2.0
.5
2.1
.4
-
U niform p ercen ta g e----------------------------------
30.2
33.3
5.2
1.9
_ ______
______
5 p ercen t- __
10 percent--------------------------------------- ------
5.8
24.4
_
33.3
1.2
4.0
_
1.9
Full d ay's pay for reduced hours________
2.0
2.0
.9
.3
Other form a l pay differen tial____________
5.7
~
1.5
“
-
1
Includes all plant w orkers in establishm ents cu rren tly operating, or having form a l
even though the establishm ents were not cu rren tly operating late shifts.
.3
-
.5
.8
.2
.3
.1
p rovisions coverin g
late shifts,
1 6
Table
B-3.
Scheduled
W eekly
Hours
(P ercen t distribution of plant and office w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hours 1 of firs t-s h ift w orkers, W orcester, M ass., May 1970)
Plant workers
Weekly hours
All workers — -------------------------------------------Under 35 h ou rs --------------------------------------------------35 h ou rs -------------------------------------------------------------36 h ou rs--------------------------------------------------- -------3 6 7 4 hours -------------------------- -----------------------------Over 36Y4 and under 3772 h ou rs.___ ____ ______
3 7 Y2 h ou rs ______________________________________
Over 37l/2 and under 40 hours--------------------------40 h o u rs -------------------------------------------------------------Over 40 and under 45 h o u r s ----------------------------45 h ou rs -------------------------------------------------------------48 h ou rs -------------------------------------------------------------50 h o u rs --------------------------------------------------------------
1
2
3
4
5
Office workers
Manufacturing
Public utilities3
All industries4
100
100
100
3
1
4
-
-
-
-
-
All industries2
100
(5)
1
10
67
4
6
5
1
-
14
67
4
7
2
1
100
-
Manufacturing
100
(5)
1
3
(5)
-
9
1
-
1
-
27
14
45
-
25
1
71
-
-
-
-
Scheduled hours are the weekly hours which a m ajority of the fu ll-tim e w orkers were expected to work, whether they were paid fo r at straight-tim e or overtim e rates.
Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and se rv ice s , in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.
Transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities.
Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and s e rv ice s , in addition to those industry d ivision s shown separately.
Less than 0. 5 percent.
Public utilities3
100
_
.
_
1
76
_
23
_
_
.
17
Table
B-4.
Paid
Holidays
(P ercent distribution of plant and office w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays provided annually, W orcester, M ass., May 1970)
Plant workers
Item
A ll w ork ers___________________ _
_______
W orkers in establishm ents providing
paid h olid a ys__________________________________
W orkers in establishm ents providing
no paid h olid a ys-----------------------------------------------
Office workers
All industries 1
Manufacturing
Public utilities 2
All industries 3
100
100
100
100
100
100
97
100
100
100
100
100
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
1
5
1
3
Manufacturing
Public u tilitie s2
Number of days
Less than 6 h olid a ys— _______________________
6 h olid a ys_______________________________________
6 holidays plus 2 half d a y s ___________ ___ ___
7 h olid a ys--------------------------------------- ------- -------7 holidays plus 1 half day-------------------- — _
8 h olid a ys_______________________________________
8 holidays plus 1 half day___ ____ __
8 holidays plus 2 half d a y s _____________________
9 holidays - ____________________________________
9 holidays plus 1 half day. __________ ___ ___
9 holidays plus 2 half d a y s _____________________
10 holidays______________________________________
10 holidays plus 1 or 3 half d a y s _______________
11 holidays______________________________________
4
2
9
2
11
4
9
3
12
23
6
5
21
1
2
7
(4)
2
6
20
8
7
26
1
3
3
-
-
_
-
8
6
-
(4)
4
(4)
10
5
5
19
-
.
-
1
43
1
5
46
5
35
9
1
11
_
-
8
-
13
13
40
_
3
3
1
-
19
4
62
1
1
1
7
7
60
72
83
84
94
99
100
100
100
62
66
85
85
92
92
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
-
8
-
Total holiday t im e 5
11 V2 d a y s ________________________________ _____
1 1 days or m ore---------------------------------- ------------IOV2 days or m o r e ----- ----------------- -----------------10 days or m ore______ ______ ______ ________
9 V2 days or m ore _______
___________ ________
9 days or m o r e _______ ________________________
872 days or m ore_____ ________________________
8 days or m o r e ------------- ----------------------------7 V2 days or m ore_______________________________
7 days or m o r e _________________________________
6 days or m o r e __________________________ _____
___________________________
5 days or m o r e .
3 days or m o r e _________________________________
2 days or m o r e ______________________ ________
1
2
3
4
5
no half
-
2
3
12
13
39
45
67
71
84
93
96
96
97
_
-
6
7
40
48
68
74
89
98
100
100
100
_
35
40
86
86
86
86
92
92
100
100
100
100
100
1
6
7
52
52
76
81
91
92
96
99
99
99
100
_
Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and s e rv ice s , in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.
Transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities.
Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and s e r v ic e s , in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.
Less than 0. 5 percent.
A ll com binations of full and half days that add to the same amount are com bined; for exam ple, the proportion o f w orkers receiving a total of 9 days includes those with 9 full days and
d a y s, 8 full days and 2 half d a y s, 7 full days and 4 half d a y s, and so on.
P roportions then were cumulated.
18
Table
B -5.
Paid
V a c a tio n s 1
(P ercent distribution of plant and office w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay p ro v isio n s, W o rcester, M ass., May 1970)
Plant workers
O ffice workers
Vacation p olicy
All industries 2
A ll w ork ers________________________________
Manufacturing
Public u tilities3
All industries 4
Manufacturing
Public utilities3
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
88
11
100
87
13
100
87
13
-
100
97
3
-
100
94
6
100
97
3
Method of pavment
W orkers in establishm ents providing
paid vacations________________________________
L ength -of-tim e paym ent-----------------------------P ercentage payment-------------------------------------O ther_______________________________________
W orkers in establishm ents providing
no paid vacations_____________________________
-
-
1
-
-
“
"
2
65
1
10
4
56
1
5
_
4
23
9
91
(6)
15
85
-
11
89
-
“
Amount of vacation pav 5
A fter 6 months of serv ice
Under 1 week-----------------------------------------------------1 week__________________________________________
O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s --------------------------------2 w eek s________________________________________
_
8
16
20
2
6
23
14
2
4
75
1
23
(‘ )
87
2
11
-
19
1
81
51
7
41
(4)
61
10
29
-
13
1
87
-
95
(‘ )
90
-
98
-
26
9
65
(6)
28
12
60
-
99
1
4
96
(4)
9
91
100
-
26
9
65
(*)
28
12
60
-
99
1
4
96
(4)
9
91
100
-
7
1
82
1
8
(4)
6
2
88
2
3
-
99
1
-
1
87
-
38
A fter 1 vear of serv ice
O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s--------------------------------2 w eek s— ----- — —------------------------------------ --------O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s - ,------------ ------------ —
After 2 vears of serv ice
1 week—--------------- ---- ----------------------------------------O ver 1 and under 2 w eek s--------------------------------2 w eek s -------------------------------------------------------------O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s ---------------------------------
5
-
10
-
2
-
A fter 3 years of serv ice
1 week__________________________________________
2 weeks ----— -- -- ---------------------------------------------A fter 4 vears of serv ice
1 week-------------- —— ------------------- —---------------------2 weeks — ---------— ----- -----------Over 2 and under 3 w eek s--------------------------------After 5 vears of serv ice
1 week---- --------------- ------------------- — -------------------Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s --------------------------------2 w eek s ________________________________________
O ver 2 and under 3 w eek s--------------------------------3 w eek s -------------------------------------------------------------O ver 3 and under 4 w e e k s ------------ ------------- —
See footnotes at end of table.
-
12
(4)
2
-
94
100
-
-
4
-
19
Table
B-5.
Paid
V a ca tion s1— Continued
(P ercent distribution of plant and office w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay p rovisions, W orcester, M ass., May 1970)
Plant workers
Office workers
Vacation p olicy
All industries 2
Manufacturing
7
37
4
49
(6)
2
6
37
6
50
-
.
9
_
90
1
7
32
6
52
(6)
2
(6)
6
31
8
55
-
_
_
99
1
-
7
13
5
56
2
16
(‘ )
6
8
8
65
3
11
-
7
13
4
24
2
47
(6)
2
6
8
6
31
3
43
3
7
13
4
14
43
2
16
6
8
6
18
41
3
19
All industries 4
Manufacturing
Public utilities3
i
36
62
(6)
1
2
29
_
69
-
6
_
94
-
1
33
62
3
(6)
2
25
_
73
_
1
4
(6)
78
1
16
(6)
2
5
1
74
3
15
-
_
_
34
99
1
-
1
4
43
1
47
(6)
4
2
5
_
6
67
1
32
1
4
23
55
1
16
Public utilities 3
Amount of vacation pay 5— Continued
After 10 years of service
1 week________________________________________
2 weeks — ----------------- ----------------- ----------------Over 2 and under 3 w eek s--------------------------------3 w e e k s ________________________________________
Over 3 and under 4 w eek s--------------------------------4 w e e k s _______________________________________
A fter 12 years of service
1 week----------------------------------------------------------------2 w eek s________________________________________
Over 2 and under 3 w eek s--------------------------------3 w eek s________________ -_-__ _________________
Over 3 and under 4 w eek s----- — ------------4 w eek s-------------------------------------------------------------Over 4 and under 5 w eek s_____________________
'
-
_
_
100
-
A fter 15 years of s ervice
1 week2 w eek s _____________ _________ _______
____
Over 2 and under 3 w eek s---- —
—
— _
3 weeks — — ---- --------------- ---Over 3 and under 4 w eek s-------------- ---------- ------4 w e e k s -- ----------------- ------ -------
_
56
44
1
_
66
'
A fter 20 years of s ervice
1 week--------------------------------------------- —
-------2 w eek s--------------- ------------------------------ — ---Over 2 and under 3 w eek s--------------------------------3 w eek s-------------------------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 w eek s ----------------------- ------4 w eek s_____________________ _________________
Over 4 and under 5 w eek s--------------------------------5 w eek s --------------------------------------------------------------
_
-
-
22
3
62
6
_
94
-
-
After 25 years of service
1 week----------------------------------------------------------------2 w eek s________________________________________
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s -------- _ -----------------3 w eek s__________________________ ______________
4 weeks — _ ----------------------------------------------------Over 4 and under 5 w eek s_____________________
5 w eek s--------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table.
2
5
-
-
-
14
46
3
29
6
75
19
20
Table
B-5.
Paid
V a ca tion s1— Continued
(Percent distribution of plant and office workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay p rovisions, W orcester, M ass., May 1970)
Plant workers
Office workers
Vacation p olicy
All industries 2
Manufacturing
Public utilities3
7
13
4
14
33
2
25
6
8
6
18
31
3
28
*
_
All industries4
Manufacturing
Public u tilities3
Amount of vacation pay 5— Continued
A fter 30 years of service
1 week__________________________________________
2 w eek s-------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s — ---------------------------3 w eek s-------------------------------------------------------------4 w eek s-------------------------------------------------------------Over 4 and under 5 w eek s— ------------------- ---5 w eek s-------------------------------------------------------------6 w eek s--------------------------------------------------------------
-
i
4
2
5
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
43
1
27
(6)
14
31
3
45
1
6
12
82
1
4
23
2
5
-
-
-
14
31
6
12
24
1
75
-
-
Maximum vacation available
1 week----------------------------------------------------------------2 w eek s -------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s --------------------------------3 w eek s -------------------------------------------------------------4 w eek s _____________________________________________________________
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------S w ppks_________________________________________
6 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7
13
4
14
33
2
23
2
6
8
6
18
31
3
25
3
_
-
24
1
75
43
1
25
3
_
3
-
39
82
7
1 Includes basic plans only. Excludes plans such as vacation bonus, vacation-savin gs, and those plans which offer "extended" or "sa bbatical" benefits beyond basic plans to w orkers
with qualifying lengths of se rv ice . Typical of such exclusions are plans in the steel, aluminum, and can industries.
2 Includes data for w holesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and s e rv ice s , in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.
3 Transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities.
4 Includes data for w holesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and s e rv ice s , in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.
5 Includes payment other than "length of tim e ," such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-sum payments, converted to an equivalent time b asis; for exam ple, a payment of 2 percent
of annual earnings was con sidered as 1 w eek's pay. P eriod s of serv ice w ere chosen a rb itra rily and do not n ecessa rily reflect the individual provisions for prog ression . F or exam ple, the
changes in proportions indicated at 10 yea rs' serv ice include changes in provisions occu rrin g between 5 and 10 years. Estimates are cumulative. Thus, the proportion eligible for 3 weeks'
pay or m ore after 10 years includes those eligible for 3 w eeks' pay or m ore after fewer years of s ervice.
* Less than 0.5 percent.
21
Table
B-6.
Health,
Insurance,
and
Pension
Plans
(P ercent of plant and office workers in all industries and in industry divisions em ployed in establishm ents providing health, insurance, or pension benefits, W orcester, M ass., May 1970)
Office workers
Plant workers
Type of benefit and financing1
All industries2
Manufacturing
Public utilities3
All industries4
A ll w ork ers--------------------------------------------------
100
100
100
100
W orkers in establishm ents providing at
least 1 of the benefits shown b e lo w ----------------
92
96
100
99
99
100
86
54
91
58
100
60
97
58
97
60
100
31
60
32
65
35
100
33
67
34
82
47
97
17
Life in su ra n ce----- --------- -- ------------------------N oncontributory plan s-----------------------------A ccidental death and dism em berm ent
insurance----------------------------------------------------N oncontributory p lan s-----------------------------Sickness and accident insurance or
sick leave o r both D-------------------------------------
Manufacturing
100
Public u tilities3
100
85
91
94
92
91
100
Sickness and accident insurance-------------Noncontributory plan s------------------------Sick leave (full pay and no
waiting p eriod )---------------------------------------Sick leave (partial pay or
waiting period)----------------------------------------
76
48
91
58
62
27
79
42
89
57
72
10
23
17
40
73
55
100
3
-
32
1
1
-
H ospitalization insurance-----------------------------N oncontributory p lan s-----------------------------Surgical insurance----------------------------------------Noncontributory plan s-----------------------------M edical in su ra n ce----------------------------------------Noncontributory p lan s --------------------- -------M ajor m edical in su ra n ce-----------------------------Noncontributory p lan s ----------------------------Retirem ent pension--------------------------------------Noncontributory plan s------------------------------
89
47
89
47
88
45
77
40
72
63
96
46
96
46
94
44
82
35
78
66
100
60
100
60
100
60
100
92
94
86
96
36
96
36
95
36
89
36
93
79
97
49
97
50
96
48
92
46
90
73
100
80
100
80
100
80
97
96
94
90
1 Estim ates listed after type of benefit are for all plans fo r which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer. "Noncontributory plans" include only those plans financed entirely
by the em ployer.
Excluded are legally required plans, such as workmen* s com pensation, social security, and railroad retirem ent.
2 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and se rv ice s , in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.
3 Transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities.
4 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and se rv ice s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.
5 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick leave plans are lim ited to those which definitely establish at least
the minimum number of days* pay that can be expected by each em ployee.
Inform al sick leave allow ances determ ined on an individual b asis are excluded.
22
Table
B-7.
M ethod
of
W age
Determ ination
and
Frequency
of
Payment
(P ercent distribution of plant and office workers in all industries and in industry divisions by method of wage d eterm in ation1 and frequency of wage payment, W orcester, M a s s . , M a y 1970)
Plant workers
Office workers
Item
All industries 2
All w ork ers--------------------------------------------------
Manufacturing
Public u tilities3
All industrie s 4
Manufacturing
Public utilities3
100
100
97
100
100
100
100
100
78
51
18
33
69
47
17
30
100
100
62
38
99
69
6
63
38
Method of wage determ ination 1
Paid time rates--------------------------------------------------Form al rate p o lic y ---------------------------------------Single ra te ------------------------------------------------Range of ra te s ------------------------------------------P rog ression based on automatic
advancement according to
length of s e r v ic e ------------------- ------P rog ression based on m erit
review ------------------------------------------------P rog ression based on a
com bination of length of
s ervice and m erit review -----------------No form al rate policy-----------------------------------Paid by incentive m ethods---------------------------------P iece rate---------------------------------- -----------------Individual-------------------- ----- --------------------Group--------------------------------------------------------Production bonus-------------------------------------------Individual— ---------------------------------------------Group--------------------------------------------------------C om m ission ---------------------------------------------------
10
3
15
16
8
27
22
14
11
2
8
4
4
11
22
31
19
16
3
11
5
6
-
“
“
“
100
-
94
6
-
8
55
98
-
66
55
32
3
29
-
54
48
3
-
1
30
1
3
42
3
2
-
-
-
-
Method of determ ining incentive pay of office workers not presented
Frequency of wage payment
W eekly--------------------------------------------------------------Biweekly-------------------------------------------------------------Semimonthly-------------------------------------------------------Monthly------------------------------------------------------- ----Other freq u en cy--------------------------------------------------
1
2
3
4
99
1
-
83
15
2
95
4
I
F or a description of the method of wage determ ination, see Introduction.
Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and s e rv ice s , in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.
Transportation, com m unication, and other public utilities.
Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and s e rv ice s , in addition to those industry divisions shown s e p a r a t e l y .
94
6
-
A ppen dix.
O ccupational
Descriptions
The prim ary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau's wage surveys is to assist its field staff in c la s sifying into appropriate
occupations w orkers who are em ployed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and
from area to area.
This perm its the grouping of occupational wage rates representing com parable job content.
Because of this emphasis on
interestablishm ent and interarea com parability of occupational content, the Bureau's job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in
individual establishm ents or those prepared for other purposes.
In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field econom ists are instructed
to exclude working supervisors; apprentices; learners; beginners; trainees; and handicapped, p art-tim e, tem porary, and probationary w orkers.
OFFICE
BILLER,
CLERK, FILE
MACHINE
Class A. In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter
file s , cla ss ifie s and indexes file m aterial such as correspon den ce, reports, technical d ocu
m ents, etc. May also file this m aterial. May keep record s of various types in conjunction
with the file s. May lead a sm all group of lower level file clerk s.
P repares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or e le ctro matic typew riter. May also keep record s as to billings or shipping charges or p erform other
clerica l work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, b ille rs , machine, are
cla ssified by type of machine, as follow s:
B iller, machine (billing m achine). Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott
F ish e r, Burroughs, e tc., which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills
and invoices from cu stom ers' purchase ord ers, internally prepared ord e rs, shipping m em o
randums, etc. Usually involves application of predeterm ined discounts and shipping charges,
and entry of n ecessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine,
and totals which are automatically accumulated by m achine. The operation usually involves
a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold
m achine.
B iller, machine (bookkeeping m achine). Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott
F ish er, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare
cu stom ers' bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the sim ulta
neous entry of figures on cu stom ers' ledger record . The machine automatically accumulates
figures on a number of vertical columns and com putes, and usually prints autom atically the
debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform
and standard types of sales and credit slips.
Class B. Sorts, cod es, and file s unclassified m aterial by simple (subject matter) head
ings "or partly cla ssified m aterial by finer subheadings. P repares simple related index and
cr o s s -r e fe r e n c e aids. As requested, locates cle a rly identified m aterial in files and forw ards
m aterial.
May p erform related cle rica l tasks required to maintain and service file s.
Class C . P erform s routine filing of m aterial that has already been cla ssified or which
is ea sily cla ssified in a simple serial cla ssification system (e .g ., alphabetical, ch ronological,
or num erical). As requested, locates readily available m aterial in files and forw ards m a
terial; and m ay fill out withdrawal charge. P erform s simple cle rica l and manual tasks r e
quired to maintain and service file s.
CLERK, ORDER
R eceives cu stom ers' ord ers for m aterial or m erchandise by m ail, phone, or personally.
Duties involve any combination of the follow in g: Quoting p rices to cu stom ers; making out an order
sheet listing the item s to make up the ord er; checking p rices and quantities of item s on order
sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit
department to determ ine credit rating of cu stom er, acknowledge receipt of ord ers from cu stom ers,
follow up ord ers to see that they have been filled , keep file of ord ers received, and check shipping
invoices with original o rd ers.
BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR
Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott F isher, Sundstrand, Burroughs,
National Cash R egister, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business
transactions.
Class A. Keeps a set of record s requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic
bookkeeping principles, and fam iliarity with the structure of the particular accounting system
used. Determ ines proper record s and distribution of debit and credit item s to be used in each
phase of the work. May prepare consolidated rep orts, balance sheets, and other records
by hand.
Class B. Keeps a record of one or m ore phases or sections of a set of record s usually
requiring Tittle knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable,
payroll, cu stom ers' accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under b ille r,
m achine), cost distribution, expense distribution, inventory con trol, etc. May check or a ssist
in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.
CLERK, ACCOUNTING
Class A. Under general direction of a bookkeeper or accountant, has responsibility for
keeping one or m ore sections of a com plete set of books or record s relating to one phase
of an establishm ent's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary
ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts payable; examining and coding
invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; and requires judgment and e x p eri
ence in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and
closing journal entries; and may d irect class B accounting clerks.
CLERK,
COMPTOMETER OPERATOR
P rim ary duty is to operate a Comptom eter to perform mathematical computations. This
job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk , which may involve fr e
quent use of a Comptom eter but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to perform ance of
other duties.
KEYPUNCH OPERATOR
Class B. Under supervision, perform s one or m ore routine accounting operations such
as posting simple journal vouchers or accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in
voucher reg isters; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by
general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowl
edge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the m ore routine
accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several w orkers.
PAYROLL
Computes wages of company em ployees and enters the n ecessary data on the payroll
sheets. Duties involve: Calculating w orkers' earnings based on time or production re co rd s; and
posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing inform ation such as w ork er's name, working
days, tim e, rate, deductions fo r insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and
a ssist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating m achine.
23
C lass A. Operates a numerical a n d /or alphabetical or combination keypunch machine to
transcribe data from various source documents to keypunch tabulating ca rd s. P erform s same
tasks as low er level keypunch operator but, in addition, work requires application of coding
skills and the making of some determ inations, for exam ple, locates on the source document
the item s to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches fo r and
interprets inform ation on the document to determine inform ation to be punched. May train
inexperienced op erators.
24
KEYPUNCH OPERATOR— Continued
Class B. Under close supervision or following specific procedures or instructions,
transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a num erical and/or
alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards.
Working from various standardized source docum ents, follow s specified sequences which have
been coded or p rescrib ed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting
of data to be punched. Problem s arising from erroneous items or cod es, m issing inform ation,
e tc., are referred to supervisor.
SECRETARY— Continued
d. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, fa ctory, etc. (or other equivalent level
of official) that em ploys, in all, over 5, 000 p e rs o n s ; or
e. Secretary to the head of a large and important organizational segment (e.g ., a middle
management supervisor of an organizational segment often involving as many as several
hundred persons) of a com pany that em ploys, in all, over 25, 000 p e rso n s.
Class C
OFFICE BOY OR GIRL
P erform s various routine duties such as running errands, operating m inor office m a
chines such as sealers or m a ilers, opening and distributing m ail, and other minor cle rica l work.
SECRETARY
Assigned as personal secreta ry, norm ally to one individual. Maintains a close and highly
responsive relationship to the d a y-to-d ay work activities of the supervisor. Works fa irly inde
pendently receiving a minimum of detailed supervision and guidance. P erform s varied cle rica l
and secreta rial duties, usually including m ost of the follow ing: (a) R eceives telephone ca lls,
personal ca lle rs, and incoming m ail, answers routine inquiries, and routes the technical inquiries
to the proper persons; (b) establishes, maintains, and revises the su p ervisor's file s; (c) maintains
the su p ervisor's calendar and makes appointments as instructed; (d) relays m essages from super
visor to subordinates; (e) reviews corresp on den ce, memoranda, and reports prepared by others
for the su p ervisor's signature to assure procedural and typographic accu racy; and (f) perform s
stenographic and typing work.
May also p erform other cle rica l and secreta rial tasks of com parable nature and difficulty.
The work typically requires knowledge of office routine and understanding of the organization,
program s, and procedures related to the work of the supervisor.
Exclusions
Not all positions that are titled "se c re ta ry " p ossess the above ch a ra cteristics. Examples
of positions which are excluded f^om the definition are as follow s: (a) Positions which do not meet
the "p erson al" secreta ry concept d escribed above; (b) stenographers not fully trained in secretarial
type duties; (c) stenographers serving as office assistants to a group of professional, technical,
or m anagerial persons; (d) secreta ry positions in which the duties are either substantially m ore
routine or substantially m ore com plex and responsible than those ch aracterized in the definition;
and (e) assistant type positions which involve m ore difficult or m ore responsible technical, admin
istrative, supervisory, or specialized cle rica l duties which are not typical of secreta rial work.
NOTE: The term "corp ora te o ffi c e r ," used in the level definitions following, refers to
those officia ls who have a significant corporate-w id e policymaking role with regard to m ajor
company activities. The title "v ice p resid en t," though norm ally indicative of this role, does not
in all cases identify such positions. Vice presidents whose prim ary responsibility is to act per
sonally on individual cases or transactions (e.g ., approve or deny individual loan or credit actions;
administer individual trust accounts; d irectly supervise a cle rica l staff) are not considered to be
"corp ora te o ffice rs " for purposes of applying the following level definitions.
Class A
a. Secretary to the chairm an of the board or president of a company that em ploys, in
all, over 100 but few er than 5,000 p erson s; or
b. Secretary to a corporate o ffice r (other than the chairm an of the board or president)
of a company that em ploys, in all, over 5, 000 but fewer than 25, 000 p e rso n s; or
c. S ecreta ry' to the head (im m ediately below the corporate o ffice r level) of a m ajor
segment or subsidiary of a company that em ploys, in all, over 25, 000 p erson s.
C lass B
a. Secretary to the chairm an of the board or president of a company that em ploys, in
all, fewer than 100 p ers on s ; or
b. S ecretary to a corporate o ffice r (other than the chairman of the board or president)
of a company that em ploys, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5,000 p e rs o n s ; or
c. S ecretary to the head (im m ediately below the o ffice r level) over either a m ajor
corporate-w id e functional activity (e .g ., m arketing, resea rch , operations, industrial re la
tions, etc.) o£ a m ajor geographic or organizational segment (e .g ., a regional headquarters;
a m ajor division) of a com pany that em ploys, in all, over 5,000 but fewer than 25,000
em p loyees; or
a. S ecretary to an executive or m anagerial person whose responsibility is not equivalent
to one of the sp ecific level situations in the definition fo r cla ss B, but whose subordinate staff
norm ally numbers at least several dozen em ployees and is usually divided into organizational
segments which are often, in turn, further subdivided. In some com panies, this level includes
a wide range of organizational echelons; in oth ers, only one o r two; or
b. S ecretary to the head of an individual plant, fa ctory, etc. (or other equivalent level
of official) that em ploys, in all, few er than 5, 000 p e rso n s.
Class D
a. S ecretary to the supervisor or head of a sm all organizational unit (e.g ., fewer than
about 25 or 30 p erson s); or
b. Secretary to a nonsupervisory staff specialist, profession a l em ployee, adm inistra
tive o ffice r, or assistant, skilled technician or expert. (NOTE; Many com panies assign
stenographers, rather than se cre ta rie s as d escrib ed above, to this level of supervisory or
nonsupervisory w orker.)
STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL
P rim ary duty is to take dictation involving a norm al routine vocabulary from one or m ore
persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine; and transcribe dictation. May
also type from written copy. May maintain file s , keep sim ple re co rd s, or perform other relatively
routine cle rica l tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribin gmachine work. (See transcribing-m achine o p era tor.)
STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR
P rim ary duty is to take dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary
such as in legal b riefs or reports on scientific resea rch from one or m ore persons either in short
hand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written
copy. May also set up and maintain file s , keep re co rd s, etc.
OR
P erform s stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and resp onsi
bility than stenographers, general as evidenced by the follow ing: Work requires high degree of
stenographic speed and a ccu ra cy; and a thorough working knowledge of general business and office
procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, p o licie s, p rocedu res, file s,
workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in perform ing stenographic duties and responsible cle rica l
tasks such as, maintaining followup file s; assem bling m aterial for rep orts, m emorandum s, letters,
etc.; com posing sim ple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming m ail; and
answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-m achine work.
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR
Class A. Operates a single- or m ultiple-position telephone switchboard handling incoming,
outgoing, intraplant or office ca lls. P e rfo rm s full telephone inform ation s ervice or handles
com plex ca lls, such as con feren ce, co lle ct, ove rse a s, or sim ilar ca lls, either in addition to
doing routine work as d escrib ed for switchboard operator, cla ss B, or as a full-tim e
assignment. ("F u ll" telephone inform ation se rv ice occu rs when the establishm ent has varied
functions that are not readily understandable fo r telephone inform ation purposes, e .g ., because
of overlapping or interrelated functions, and consequently present frequent problem s as to
which extensions are appropriate for calls.)
Class B. Operates a single- or m ultiple-position telephone switchboard handling incoming,
outgoing, intraplant or office ca lls. May handle routine long distance calls and re co rd tolls.
May p erform lim ited telephone inform ation s ervice. ("L im ited " telephone inform ation service
occu rs if the functions of the establishm ent se rvice d are readily understandable for telephone
inform ation purposes, or if the requests are routine, e .g ., giving extension numbers when
sp ecific names are furnished, or if com plex calls are re fe rre d to another operator.)
25
S W I T C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T I O N I S T
T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E
In a d d i t io n t o p e r f o r m i n g d u t ie s o f o p e r a t o r o n a s i n g l e - p o s i t i o n o r m o n i t o r - t y p e s w i t c h
b o a r d , a c t s a s r e c e p t i o n i s t a n d m a y a l s o ty p e o r p e r f o r m r o u t i n e c l e r i c a l w o r k a s p a r t o f r e g u l a r
d u tie s.
T h is t y p in g o r c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y ta k e th e m a j o r p a r t o f t h is w o r k e r 's t im e w h il e at
sw itc h b o a r d .
O P E R A T O R — C o n t in u e d
C la s s C .
O p e r a t e s s i m p l e t a b u la t in g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t i n g m a c h in e s s u c h a s th e
s o r t e r , r e p r o d u c i n g p u n c h , c o l l a t o r , e t c . , w it h s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t i o n s .
M a y in c lu d e s i m p l e
w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s a n d s o m e f i li n g w o r k . T h e w o r k t y p i c a l l y in v o l v e s p o r t io n s o f a w o r k
u n it , f o r e x a m p l e , in d iv id u a l s o r t in g o r c o l l a t i n g ru n s o r r e p e t i t i v e o p e r a t i o n s .
T R A N S C R I B I N G -M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R ,
T A B U L A T I N G -M A C H I N E
GENERAL
O PERATOR
C la s s A .
O p e r a t e s a v a r i e t y o f t a b u la t in g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s , t y p i c a l l y
in c lu d in g s u c h m a c h in e s a s th e t a b u l a t o r , c a l c u l a t o r , i n t e r p r e t e r , c o l l a t o r , arid o t h e r s .
P e r f o r m s c o m p l e t e r e p o r t i n g a s s i g n m e n t s w it h o u t c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n , and p e r f o r m s d i f f i c u l t
w ir in g as r e q u ir e d .
T h e c o m p l e t e r e p o r t i n g a n d t a b u la t in g a s s i g n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e a
v a r i e t y o f lo n g a n d c o m p l e x r e p o r t s w h ic h o ft e n a r e o f i r r e g u l a r o r n o n r e c u r r i n g t y p e r e
q u ir in g s o m e p la n n in g a n d s e q u e n c i n g o f s t e p s t o b e t a k e n . A s a m o r e e x p e r i e n c e d o p e r a t o r ,
is t y p i c a l l y in v o l v e d in t r a in i n g n e w o p e r a t o r s in m a c h in e o p e r a t i o n s , o r p a r t i a l l y t r a in e d
o p e r a t o r s in w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s a n d o p e r a t i n g s e q u e n c e s o f lo n g a n d c o m p l e x r e p o r t s .
D o e s n o t in c lu d e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s p e r f o r m i n g t a b u l a t i n g - m a c h in e o p e r a t i o n s a n d d a y - t o d a y s u p e r v i s i o n o f th e w o r k a n d p r o d u c t i o n o f a g r o u p o f t a b u l a t i n g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s .
C l a s s B . O p e r a t e s m o r e d i f f i c u l t t a b u la t in g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t i n g m a c h in e s s u c h a s th e
t a b u l a t o r a n d c a l c u l a t o r , in a d d it io n t o th e s o r t e r , r e p r o d u c e r , a n d c o l l a t o r .
T h is w o r k is
p e r f o r m e d u n d e r s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t i o n s a n d m a y in c lu d e th e p e r f o r m a n c e o f s o m e w i r i n g f r o m
d i a g r a m s . T h e w o r k t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e s , f o r e x a m p le , t a b u la t io n s
in v o l v i n g a r e p e t i t i v e
a c c o u n t i n g e x e r c i s e , a c o m p l e t e bu t s m a l l t a b u la t in g s t u d y , o r p a r t s o f a l o n g e r a n d m o r e
c o m p l e x r e p o r t . S u c h r e p o r t s a n d s t u d ie s a r e u s u a l ly o f a r e c u r r i n g n a t u r e w h e r e th e p r o
c e d u r e s a r e w e ll e s t a b lis h e d .
M a y a l s o in c lu d e t h e t r a in i n g o f n e w e m p l o y e e s in th e b a s i c
o p e r a t i o n o f th e m a c h in e .
P r i m a r y d u ty is t o t r a n s c r i b e d i c t a t io n in v o lv in g a n o r m a l r o u t in e v o c a b u l a r y f r o m
t r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e r e c o r d s .
M a y a ls o ty p e fr o m w r itte n c o p y and d o s im p le c l e r i c a l w o r k .
W o r k e r s t r a n s c r i b i n g d i c t a t io n in v o lv in g a v a r i e d t e c h n i c a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y s u c h a s le g a l
b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s o n s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h a r e n o t in c lu d e d . A w o r k e r w h o t a k e s d i c t a t i o n in s h o r t
h a n d o r b y S t e n o t y p e o r s i m i l a r m a c h in e is c l a s s i f i e d a s a s t e n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l.
T Y P IS T
U s e s a t y p e w r i t e r t o m a k e c o p i e s o f v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l o r t o m a k e ou t b i l l s a f t e r c a l c u l a
t io n s h a v e b e e n m a d e b y a n o t h e r p e r s o n . M a y in c lu d e t y p in g o f s t e n c i l s , m a t s , o r s i m i l a r m a t e
r i a l s f o r u s e in d u p li c a t in g p r o c e s s e s . M a y d o c l e r i c a l w o r k in v o l v i n g li t t le s p e c i a l t r a in i n g , s u c h
a s k e e p in g s i m p l e r e c o r d s , f i li n g r e c o r d s a n d r e p o r t s , o r s o r t i n g and d i s t r ib u t in g in c o m in g m a i l .
C la s s A .
P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : T y p in g m a t e r i a l in f i n a l f o r m w h e n it
i n v o l v e s c o m b in i n g m a t e r i a l f r o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s o r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r c o r r e c t s p e l l i n g ,
s y l l a b i c a t i o n , p u n c t u a t io n , e t c . , o f t e c h n i c a l o r u n u s u a l w o r d s o r f o r e i g n la n g u a g e m a t e r i a l ;
a n d p la n n in g la y o u t a n d t y p in g o f c o m p l i c a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l t a b l e s t o m a in t a in u n i f o r m i t y a n d
b a l a n c e in s p a c in g .
M a y t y p e r o u t in e f o r m l e t t e r s v a r y i n g d e t a il s t o s u it c i r c u m s t a n c e s .
C l a s s B . P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : C o p y t y p in g f r o m r o u g h o r c l e a r d r a f t s ;
r o u t i n e t y p in g o f f o r m s , i n s u r a n c e p o l i c i e s , e t c . ; a n d s e t t in g up s i m p l e s t a n d a r d t a b u l a t i o n s ,
o r c o p y in g m o r e c o m p l e x t a b l e s a l r e a d y s e t u p a n d s p a c e d p r o p e r l y .
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL
COM PU TER O PE RATO R
COM PU TER PROGRAM ER,
M o n i t o r s a n d o p e r a t e s th e c o n t r o l c o n s o l e o f a d i g it a l c o m p u t e r t o p r o c e s s d a ta a c c o r d i n g
t o o p e r a t i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s , u s u a l ly p r e p a r e d b y a p r o g r a m e r . W o r k i n c lu d e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
S t u d ie s in s t r u c t i o n s t o d e t e r m i n e e q u ip m e n t s e t u p a n d o p e r a t i o n s ; l o a d s e q u ip m e n t w it h r e q u i r e d
i t e m s (t a p e r e e l s , c a r d s , e t c . ) ; s w i t c h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x i l i a r y e q u ip m e n t in t o c i r c u i t , a n d s t a r t s
a n d o p e r a t e s c o m p u t e r ; m a k e s a d ju s t m e n t s t o c o m p u t e r t o c o r r e c t o p e r a t i n g p r o b l e m s a n d m e e t
s p e c i a l c o n d i t i o n s ; r e v i e w s e r r o r s m a d e d u r in g o p e r a t i o n a n d d e t e r m i n e s c a u s e o r r e f e r s p r o b l e m
t o s u p e r v i s o r o r p r o g r a m e r ; a n d m a in t a in s o p e r a t i n g r e c o r d s . M a y t e s t a n d a s s i s t in c o r r e c t i n g
p rog ra m .
C o n v e r t s s t a t e m e n t s o f b u s i n e s s p r o b l e m s , t y p i c a l l y p r e p a r e d b y a s y s t e m s a n a l y s t , in to
a s e q u e n c e o f d e t a il e d i n s t r u c t i o n s w h ic h a r e r e q u i r e d t o s o l v e th e p r o b l e m s b y a u t o m a t i c ■d a ta
p r o c e s s i n g e q u ip m e n t .
W o r k in g f r o m c h a r t s o r d i a g r a m s , th e p r o g r a m e r d e v e l o p s th e p r e c i s e
i n s t r u c t i o n s w h ic h , w h e n e n t e r e d in to th e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in c o d e d la n g u a g e , c a u s e t h e m a n ip u
la t i o n o f d a ta t o a c h i e v e d e s i r e d r e s u l t s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : A p p l i e s k n o w le d g e
o f co m p u te r c a p a b ilit ie s , m a th e m a t ic s , lo g i c e m p lo y e d b y c o m p u t e r s , and p a r t ic u la r s u b je c t m a tte r
in v o l v e d t o a n a l y z e c h a r t s a n d d i a g r a m s o f t h e p r o b l e m t o b e p r o g r a m e d .
D e v e lo p s se q u e n ce
o f p r o g r a m s t e p s , w r i t e s d e t a il e d f l o w c h a r t s t o s h o w o r d e r in w h ic h d a ta w i l l b e p r o c e s s e d ;
c o n v e r t s t h e s e c h a r t s t o c o d e d i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r m a c h in e t o f o l l o w ; t e s t s a n d c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ;
p r e p a r e s i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r o p e r a t i n g p e r s o n n e l d u r in g p r o d u c t i o n ru n ; a n a l y z e s , r e v i e w s , a n d a l t e r s
p r o g r a m s t o i n c r e a s e o p e r a t i n g e f f i c i e n c y o r a d a p t t o n e w r e q u i r e m e n t s ; m a in t a in s r e c o r d s o f
p r o g r a m d e v e l o p m e n t a n d r e v i s i o n s . (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g b o t h s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s a n d p r o
g r a m in g s h o u ld b e c l a s s i f i e d a s s y s t e m s a n a l y s t s i f t h is i s th e s k i l l u s e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e i r p a y .)
F or w age
stu d y p u r p o s e s ,
com p u ter o p e ra to rs
a re
c la s s ifie d
as fo llo w s :
C l a s s A . O p e r a t e s in d e p e n d e n t ly , o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n , a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g
p r o g r a m s w it h m o s t o f t h e f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : N e w p r o g r a m s a r e f r e q u e n t l y t e s t e d a n d
in t r o d u c e d ; s c h e d u l in g r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e o f c r i t i c a l im p o r t a n c e t o m i n i m i z e d o w n t i m e ; th e
p r o g r a m s a r e o f c o m p l e x d e s ig n s o th a t i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f e r r o r s o u r c e o f t e n r e q u i r e s a w o r k i n g
k n o w l e d g e o f th e t o t a l p r o g r a m , a n d a lt e r n a t e p r o g r a m s m a y n o t b e a v a i l a b l e .
M a y g iv e
d i r e c t i o n a n d g u id a n c e t o l o w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s .
C l a s s B . O p e r a t e s in d e p e n d e n t ly , o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n , a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g
p r o g r a m s w it h .m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : M o s t o f t h e p r o g r a m s a r e e s t a b l i s h e d
p r o d u c t i o n r u n s , t y p i c a l l y ru n o n a r e g u l a r l y r e c u r r i n g b a s i s ; t h e r e i s li t t l e o r n o t e s t i n g
o f n e w p r o g r a m s r e q u i r e d ; a lt e r n a t e p r o g r a m s a r e p r o v i d e d in c a s e o r i g i n a l p r o g r a m n e e d s
m a j o r c h a n g e o r c a n n o t b e c o r r e c t e d w it h in a r e a s o n a b l e t i m e . In c o m m o n e r r o r s i t u a t i o n s ,
d i a g n o s e s c a u s e a n d t a k e s c o r r e c t i v e a c t io n . T h is u s u a l ly i n v o l v e s a p p ly in g p r e v i o u s l y p r o
g r a m e d c o r r e c t i v e s t e p s , o r u s in g s t a n d a r d c o r r e c t i o n t e c h n i q u e s .
B U S IN E S S
D o e s n o t in c lu d e e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r th e m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f
o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s i n g (E D P ) e m p l o y e e s , o r p r o g r a m e r s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith
s c i e n t i f i c a n d / o r e n g in e e r in g p r o b l e m s .
F or w age
s tu d y p u r p o s e s ,
program ers
a re
c la s s ifie d
a s fo llo w s :
C l a s s A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t ly o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o n c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s w h ic h
r e q u i r e c o m p e t e n c e in a l l p h a s e s o f p r o g r a m i n g c o n c e p t s a n d p r a c t i c e s . W o r k in g f r o m d i a
g r a m s a n d c h a r t s w h ic h id e n t if y th e n a t u r e o f d e s i r e d r e s u l t s , m a j o r p r o c e s s i n g s t e p s t o b e
a c c o m p lis h e d , a nd th e r e la t io n s h ip s b e tw e e n v a r io u s s te p s o f th e p r o b l e m s o lv in g r o u tin e ;
p l a n s th e f u l l r a n g e o f p r o g r a m i n g a c t i o n s n e e d e d t o e f f i c i e n t l y u t i l i z e t h e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m
in a c h i e v i n g d e s i r e d e n d p r o d u c t s .
OR
O p e r a t e s u n d e r d i r e c t s u p e r v i s i o n a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s o r s e g m e n t s o f p r o g r a m s
w ith th e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A . M a y a s s i s t a h i g h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r b y in d e
p e n d e n t ly p e r f o r m i n g l e s s d i f f i c u l t t a s k s a s s i g n e d , a n d p e r f o r m i n g d i f f i c u l t t a s k s fo l lo w i n g
d e t a il e d i n s t r u c t i o n s a n d w it h f r e q u e n t r e v i e w o f o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d .
C l a s s C . W o r k s o n r o u t in e p r o g r a m s u n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n .
Is e x p e c t e d t o d e v e l o p
w o r k i n g k n o w l e d g e o f th e c o m p u t e r e q u ip m e n t u s e d a n d a b i l i t y t o d e t e c t p r o b l e m s i n v o l v e d in
ru n n in g r o u t i n e p r o g r a m s . U s u a l ly h a s r e c e i v e d s o m e f o r m a l t r a in i n g in c o m p u t e r o p e r a t i o n .
M a y a s s i s t h ig h e r le v e l o p e r a t o r on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s .
A t t h is l e v e l , p r o g r a m i n g i s d i f f i c u l t b e c a u s e c o m p u t e r e q u ip m e n t m u s t b e o r g a n i z e d t o
p r o d u c e s e v e r a l i n t e r r e l a t e d b u t d i v e r s e p r o d u c t s f r o m n u m e r o u s a n d d i v e r s e d a ta e l e m e n t s .
A w id e v a r i e t y a n d e x t e n s i v e n u m b e r o f in t e r n a l p r o c e s s i n g a c t io n s m u s t o c c u r . T h is r e q u i r e s
s u c h a c t i o n s a s d e v e l o p m e n t o f c o m m o n o p e r a t i o n s w h ic h c a n b e r e u s e d , e s t a b l is h m e n t o f
lin k a g e p o i n t s b e t w e e n o p e r a t i o n s , a d ju s t m e n t s t o d a ta w h e n p r o g r a m r e q u i r e m e n t s e x c e e d
c o m p u t e r s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y , a n d s u b s t a n t ia l m a n ip u la t io n a n d r e s e q u e n c i n g o f d a t a e le m e n t s
t o f o r m a h i g h l y in t e g r a t e d p r o g r a m .
M a y p r o v id e
fu n c t io n a l d i r e c t i o n t o l o w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m e r s w h o a r e a s s i g n e d t o a s s i s t .
26
COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYST, BUSINESS— Continued
COMPUTER PROGRAMER, BUSINESS— Continued
Class B. W orks independently or under only general direction on relatively simple
program s, or on sim ple segments of com plex program s. P rog ra m s (or segments) usually
p rocess inform ation to produce data in two or three varied sequences or form ats. Reports
and listings are produced by refining, adapting, arraying, or making m inor additions to or
deletions from input data which are readily available. While numerous record s may be
p rocessed , the data have been refined in p rio r actions so that the accu racy and sequencing
of data can be tested by using a few routine checks. Typically, the program deals with
routine record-keepin g type operations.
OR
Works on com plex program s (as d escrib ed for cla ss A) under clo se direction of a higher
level program er or sup ervisor. May a ssist higher level program er by independently p e r
form ing less difficult tasks assigned, and perform ing m ore difficult tasks under fa irly close
direction.
May guide or instruct low er level prog ra m ers.
OR
Works on a segment of a com plex data p rocessin g schem e or system , as described for
cla ss A. Works independently on routine assignm ents and receiv es instruction and guidance
on com plex assignm ents. Work is reviewed for a ccu ra cy of judgment, com pliance with in
structions, and to insure p roper alinement with the overall system .
Class C Works under imm ediate supervision, carrying out analyses as assigned, usually
of a single activity. A ssignm ents are designed to develop and expand practical experience
in the application of procedu res and skills required fo r system s analysis work. F or example,
may a ssist a higher level system s analyst by preparing the detailed specifications required
by p rogra m ers from inform ation developed by the higher level analyst.
DRAFTSMAN
Class C. Makes pra ctica l applications of program ing p ra ctices and concepts usually
learned in form al training cou rses. Assignm ents are designed to develop com petence in the
application of standard p roced u res to routine problem s. R eceives clo se supervision on new
aspects of assignm ents; and work is reviewed to verify its a ccu ra cy and conform ance with
required p rocedu res.
COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYST, BUSINESS
Analyzes business problem s to form ulate p rocedu res for solving them by use of electron ic
data p rocessin g equipment. Develops a com plete description of all specifications needed to enable
p rogram ers to prepare required digital com puter program s. Work involves m ost of the follow ing:
Analyzes subject-m atter operations to be automated and identifies conditions and cr ite ria required
to achieve satisfactory results; specifies number and types of re co rd s, file s, and documents to
be used; outlines actions to be perform ed by personnel and com puters in sufficient detail for
presentation to management and for program ing (typically this involves preparation of work and
data flow charts); coordinates the developm ent of test problem s and participates in trial runs of
new and revised system s; and recom m ends equipment changes to obtain m ore effective overall
operations. (NOTE; W orkers p erform ing both system s analysis and program ing should be c la s
sified as system s analysts if this is the skill used to determ ine their pay.)
Does not include em ployees p rim arily responsible fo r the management or supervision of
other electron ic data p rocessin g (EDP) em ployees, or system s analysts prim arily concerned with
scientific or engineering problem s.
F or wage study p urposes,
maintaining accounts receivable in a retail establishm ent, or maintaining inventory accounts
in a manufacturing or wholesale establishm ent.) C onfers with p ersons concerned to determine
the data processin g problem s and advises subject-m atter personnel on the im plications of the
data p rocessin g system s to be applied.
Class A . Plans the graphic presentation of com plex item s having distinctive design
features that differ significantly from established drafting precedents. Works in close sup
port with the design origin ator, and m ay recom m end m inor design changes. Analyzes the
effect of each change on the details of fo rm , function, and positional relationships of co m
ponents and parts. Works with a minimum of sup ervisory assistance. Completed work is
reviewed by design originator fo r con sistency with p rio r engineering determ inations. May
either prepare drawings, or d irect their preparation by low er level draftsmen.
Class B. P e rfo rm s nonroutine and com plex drafting assignm ents that require the appli
cation of m ost of the standardized drawing techniques regularly used. Duties typically in
volve such work as; P rep a res working drawings of subassem blies with irregu la r shapes,
multiple functions, and p re cis e positional relationships between com ponents; prepares a rch i
tectural drawings fo r construction of a building including detail drawings of foundations, wall
section s, floor plans, and roof. Uses accepted form ulas and manuals in making n ecessary
computations to determ ine quantities of m aterials to be used, load capacities, strengths,
stre ss e s, etc.
R eceives initial instructions, requirem ents, and advice from supervisor.
Completed work is checked fo r technical adequacy.
Class C. P rep a res detail drawings of single units or parts fo r engineering, construction,
manufacturing, or repair purposes. Types of drawings prepared include isom etric projections
(depicting three dim insions in accurate scale) and sectional views to cla rify positioning of
components and convey needed inform ation. Consolidates details from a number of sources
and adjusts or transposes scale as required. Suggested methods of approach, applicable
p recedents, and advice on source m aterials are given with initial assignm ents. Instructions
are less com plete when assignm ents recur. Work may be spot-ch ecked during p rog ress.
DRAFTSM AN-TRACER
system s analysts are cla ssifie d as follow s:
Class A . Works independently or under only general direction on com plex problem s
involving all phases of system s analysis. P rob lem s are com plex because of d iverse sources
of input data and m ultiple-use requirem ents of output data. (F or exam ple, develops an inte
grated production scheduling, inventory con trol, cost analysis, and sales analysis record in
which every item of each type is automatically p rocesse d through the full system of record s
and appropriate followup actions are initiated by the com puter.) Confers with persons co n
cerned to determ ine the data processin g problem s and advises su bject-m atter personnel on
the im plications of new or revised system s of data p rocessin g operations. Makes re c o m
mendations, if needed, for approval of m ajor system s installations or changes and for
obtaining equipment.
May provide functional direction to low er level system s analysts who are assigned to
assist.
Class B . Works independently or under only general direction on problem s that are
relatively uncom plicated to analyze, plan, p rogram , and operate. P roblem s are of limited
com plexity because sou rces of input data are homogeneous and the output data are clo se ly
related. (F or exam ple, develops system s for maintaining depositor accounts in a bank,
MAINTENANCE
C opies plans and drawings prepared by others by placing tracing cloth or paper over
drawings and tracing with pen or pencil. (Does not include tracing lim ited to plans p rim arily
consisting of straight lines and a large scale not requiring clo s e delineation. )
a nd/or
P rep a res sim ple or repetitive drawings of easily visualized item s. Work is clo se ly supervised
during p ro g re ss.
NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED)
A registered nurse who gives nursing se rv ice under general m edical direction to ill or
injured em ployees or other p ersons who becom e ill or suffer an accident on the p rem ises of a
fa ctory or other establishm ent. Duties involve a com bination of the follow ing; Giving first aid
to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees' injuries; keeping record s
of patients treated; preparing accident reports for com pensation or other purposes; assisting in
physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and ca r r y
ing out program s involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment,
or other activities affecting the health, w elfare, and safety of all personnel.
D POWERPLANT
CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE
CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE— Continued
P erform s the carpentry duties n ecessary to construct and maintain in good repair building
woodwork and equipment such as bins, c r ib s , counters, benches, partitions, doors, flo o rs , stairs,
casin gs, and trim made of wood in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost of the follow ing: Planning
and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, m odels, or verbal instructions using a variety
of ca rp en ter's handtools, portable power to o ls, and standard m easuring instrum ents; making
standard shop computations relating to dim ensions of w ork; and selecting m aterials necessary
fo r the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and
experience usually acquired through a form a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
27
E L E C T R IC IA N ,
M A IN T E N A N C E
M E C H A N IC ,
P e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c a l t r a d e fu n c t io n s s u c h a s th e i n s t a l la t io n , m a in t e n a n c e ,
o r r e p a i r o f e q u ip m e n t f o r th e g e n e r a t i o n , d i s t r i b u t i o n , o r u t i l i z a t i o n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an
e s t a b l is h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
I n s t a ll in g o r r e p a i r i n g a n y o f a v a r i e t y o f
e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t s u c h a s g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , s w i t c h b o a r d s , c o n t r o l l e r s , c i r c u i t b r e a k
e r s , m o t o r s , h e a t in g u n i t s , c o n d u it s y s t e m s , o r o t h e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u ip m e n t ; w o r k i n g f r o m
b l u e p r i n t s , d r a w i n g s , la y o u t s , o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; l o c a t i n g a n d d ia g n o s in g t r o u b l e in th e
e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m o r e q u ip m e n t ; w o r k i n g s t a n d a r d c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o lo a d r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
w ir in g o r e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t ; a n d u s in g a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c i a n 's h a n d t o o ls a n d m e a s u r i n g a n d
t e s t i n g i n s t r u m e n t s . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a in t e n a n c e e l e c t r i c i a n r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n
in g a n d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l ly a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in i n g and
e x p e r ie n c e .
E N G IN E E R ,
S T A T IO N A R Y
O p e r a t e s a n d m a in t a in s a n d m a y a l s o s u p e r v i s e th e o p e r a t i o n o f s t a t io n a r y e n g in e s and
e q u ip m e n t ( m e c h a n i c a l o r e l e c t r i c a l ) t o s u p p ly th e e s t a b l is h m e n t in w h ic h e m p l o y e d w it h p o w e r ,
h e a t, r e f r ig e r a t io n , o r a ir - c o n d it io n in g .
W o rk in v o lv e s :
O p e r a t in g a n d m a in t a in in g e q u ip m e n t
s u c h a s s t e a m e n g i n e s , a i r c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , t u r b i n e s , v e n t il a t i n g a n d r e f r i g
e r a t in g e q u ip m e n t , s t e a m b o i l e r s a n d b o i l e r - f e d w a t e r p u m p s ; m a k in g e q u ip m e n t r e p a i r s ; and
k e e p in g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a t i o n o f m a c h i n e r y , t e m p e r a t u r e , a n d fu e l c o n s u m p t i o n .
M ay a ls o su
p e r v is e th e se o p e r a tio n s .
H e a d o r c h i e f e n g i n e e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s e m p l o y in g m o r e th a n on e
e n g in e e r a r e e x c l u d e d .
F IR E M A N ,
S T A T IO N A R Y
B O IL E R
F i r e s s t a t io n a r y b o i l e r s t o f u r n is h th e e s t a b l is h m e n t in w h ic h e m p l o y e d w it h h e a t , p o w e r ,
o r ste a m . F e e d s fu e ls to fi r e b y hand o r o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n ic a l s t o k e r , o r g a s o r o il b u r n e r ;
a n d c h e c k s w a t e r a n d s a f e t y v a l v e s . M a y c l e a n , o i l , o r a s s i s t in r e p a i r i n g b o i l e r r o o m e q u ip m e n t .
H ELPER,
M A IN T E N A N C E
TRADES
A s s i s t s o n e o r m o r e w o r k e r s in th e s k i l l e d m a in t e n a n c e t r a d e s , b y p e r f o r m i n g s p e c i f i c
o r g e n e r a l d u t ie s o f l e s s e r s k i l l , s u c h a s k e e p in g a w o r k e r s u p p l ie d w it h m a t e r i a l s a n d t o o l s ;
c le a n in g .w o r k in g a r e a , m a c h in e , a n d e q u ip m e n t ; a s s i s t i n g jo u r n e y m a n b y h o ld in g m a t e r i a l s o r
t o o l s ; a n d p e r f o r m i n g o t h e r u n s k il le d t a s k s a s d i r e c t e d b y j o u r n e y m a n .
T h e k in d o f w o r k th e
h e l p e r is p e r m i t t e d t o p e r f o r m v a r i e s f r o m t r a d e t o t r a d e :
In s o m e t r a d e s th e h e l p e r is c o n
fin e d t o s u p p ly in g , li f t i n g , a n d h o ld in g m a t e r i a l s a n d t o o l s a n d c l e a n in g w o r k i n g a r e a s ; a n d in
o t h e r s he is p e r m i t t e d t o p e r f o r m s p e c i a l i z e d m a c h in e o p e r a t i o n s , o r p a r t s o f a t r a d e th a t a r e
a ls o p e r fo r m e d b y w o r k e r s on a f u ll- t im e b a s is .
M A C H I N E -T O O L O P E R A T O R ,
TOOLROOM
S p e c i a l i z e s in th e o p e r a t i o n o f o n e o r m o r e t y p e s o f m a c h in e t o o l s , s u c h a s j i g b o r e r s ,
c y l i n d r i c a l o r s u r f a c e g r i n d e r s , e n g in e la t h e s , o r m il li n g m a c h i n e s , in th e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f
m a c h i n e - s h o p t o o l s , g a g e s , j i g s , f i x t u r e s , o r d i e s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
P la n
n in g a n d p e r f o r m i n g d i f f i c u l t m a c h in in g o p e r a t i o n s ; p r o c e s s i n g i t e m s r e q u i r i n g c o m p l i c a t e d s e t u p s
o r a h ig h d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; u s in g a v a r i e t y o f p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ; s e l e c t i n g f e e d s ,
s p e e d s , t o o l i n g , a n d o p e r a t i o n s e q u e n c e ; a n d m a k in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s t m e n t s d u r in g o p e r a t i o n to
a c h ie v e r e q u is it e t o le r a n c e s o r d im e n s io n s . M a y be r e q u ir e d to r e c o g n iz e w h en t o o ls n e e d d r e s s
in g , t o d r e s s t o o l s , a n d t o s e l e c t p r o p e r c o o l a n t s a n d cu t t in g and lu b r ic a t in g o i l s . F o r c r o s s
in d u s t r y w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m , in t o o l a n d d ie j o b b in g s h o p s
a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m t h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n .
M A C H IN IS T ,
M A IN T E N A N C E
P r o d u c e s r e p l a c e m e n t p a r t s a n d n ew p a r t s in m a k in g r e p a i r s o f m e t a l p a r t s o f m e c h a n
i c a l e q u ip m e n t o p e r a t e d in a n e s t a b l is h m e n t . W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
I n t e r p r e t in g
w r i t t e n i n s t r u c t io n s a n d s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; p la n n in g a n d la y in g ou t o f w o r k ; u s in g a v a r i e t y o f m a
c h i n i s t 's h a n d t o o ls a n d p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ; s e t t in g up a n d o p e r a t i n g s t a n d a r d m a c h in e
t o o l s ; s h a p in g o f m e t a l p a r t s t o c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; m a k in g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o
d i m e n s i o n s o f w o r k , t o o l i n g , f e e d s , a n d s p e e d s o f m a c h in in g ; k n o w le d g e o f th e w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s
o f th e c o m m o n m e t a l s ; s e l e c t i n g s t a n d a r d m a t e r i a l s , p a r t s , a n d e q u ip m e n t r e q u i r e d f o r h is w o r k ;
a n d fit t in g a n d a s s e m b l i n g p a r t s in to m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t .
In g e n e r a l , th e m a c h i n i s t 's w o r k
n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d t r a in i n g in m a c h i n e - s h o p p r a c t i c e u s u a l ly a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l
a p p r e n t ic e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e .
M E C H A N IC ,
A U T O M O T IV E
(M A I N T E N A N C E )
R e p a i r s a u t o m o b i l e s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , a n d t r a c t o r s o f a n e s t a b l is h m e n t . W o r k i n
v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
E x a m in in g a u t o m o t i v e e q u ip m e n t t o d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ;
d i s a s s e m b l i n g e q u ip m e n t a n d p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s th a t in v o l v e th e u s e o f s u c h h a n d t o o ls a s
w r e n c h e s , g a g e s , d r i l l s , o r s p e c i a l i z e d e q u ip m e n t in d i s a s s e m b l i n g o r f it t in g p a r t s ; r e p la c i n g
b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r t s f r o m s t o c k ; g r in d in g a n d a d ju s t in g v a l v e s ; r e a s s e m b l i n g and in s t a l li n g
A U T O M O T IV E
(M A I N T E N A N C E )— C o n t in u e d
th e v a r i o u s a s s e m b l i e s in th e v e h i c l e a n d m a k in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s t m e n t s ; a n d a lin in g w h e e l s ,
a d ju s t in g b r a k e s a n d li g h t s , o r t ig h t e n in g b o d y b o l t s .
In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e a u t o m o t iv e
m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l ly a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n
t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g a n d e x p e r i e n c e .
M E C H A N IC ,
M A IN T E N A N C E
R e p a i r s m a c h i n e r y o r m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t o f a n e s t a b l is h m e n t .
W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t
o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
E x a m in in g m a c h in e s and m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t t o d i a g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ;
d i s m a n t li n g o r p a r t l y d i s m a n t li n g m a c h in e s a n d p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s th a t m a in l y in v o l v e th e u s e
o f h a n d t o o ls in s c r a p i n g a n d f it t in g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r t s w it h it e m s o b t a in e d
f r o m s t o c k ; o r d e r i n g th e p r o d u c t io n o f a r e p l a c e m e n t p a r t b y a m a c h in e s h o p o r s e n d in g o f th e
m a c h in e t o a m a c h in e s h o p f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s ; p r e p a r i n g w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s
o r f o r th e p r o d u c t io n o f p a r t s o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h in e s h o p ; r e a s s e m b l i n g m a c h i n e s ; a n d m a k in g
a ll n e c e s s a r y a d ju s t m e n t s f o r o p e r a t i o n .
In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f a m a in t e n a n c e m e c h a n i c r e
q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l ly a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r
e q u iv a le n t t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e . E x c l u d e d f r o m t h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y
d u t ie s i n v o l v e s e t t in g up o r a d ju s t in g m a c h in e s .
M IL L W R IG H T
I n s t a ll s n ew m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t , a n d d i s m a n t le s a n d i n s t a l ls m a c h in e s o r
h e a v y e q u ip m e n t w h e n c h a n g e s in th e p la n t la y o u t a r e r e q u i r e d . W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l
lo w i n g :
P la n n in g a n d la y in g ou t o f th e w o r k ; in t e r p r e t in g b lu e p r in t s o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u s in g
a v a r i e t y o f h a n d t o o ls a n d r i g g i n g ; m a k in g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o s t r e s s e s ,
s t r e n g t h o f m a t e r i a l s , a n d c e n t e r s o f g r a v i t y ; a lin in g a n d b a l a n c in g o f e q u ip m e n t ; s e l e c t i n g s t a n d
a r d t o o l s , e q u ip m e n t , a n d p a r t s t o b e u s e d ; a n d in s t a l li n g a n d m a in t a in in g in g o o d o r d e r p o w e r
t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u ip m e n t s u c h a s d r i v e s a n d s p e e d r e d u c e r s .
In g e n e r a l , th e m i l l w r i g h t 's w o r k
n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d t r a in i n g and e x p e r i e n c e in th e t r a d e a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l
a p p r e n t ic e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e .
O IL E R
L u b r i c a t e s , w it h o i l o r
e q u ip m e n t o f a n e s t a b l is h m e n t .
P A IN T E R ,
grea se,
th e
m o v in g
p a rts
o r w e a r in g
s u r fa c e s
o f m e ch a n ica l
M A IN T E N A N C E
P a in t s a n d r e d e c o r a t e s w a l l s , w o o d w o r k , a n d f i x t u r e s o f an e s t a b l is h m e n t .
W o r k in
v o l v e s th e f o l l o w i n g : K n o w le d g e o f s u r f a c e p e c u l i a r i t i e s a n d t y p e s o f p a in t r e q u i r e d f o r d i f f e r e n t
a p p l i c a t i o n s ; p r e p a r i n g s u r f a c e f o r p a in t in g b y r e m o v i n g o ld f i n is h o r b y p l a c in g p u tty o r f i l l e r
in n a il h o l e s a n d i n t e r s t i c e s ; a n d a p p ly in g p a in t w it h s p r a y gun o r b r u s h . M a y m ix c o l o r s , o i l s ,
w h it e le a d , a n d o t h e r p a in t in g r e d i e n t s t o o b t a in p r o p e r c o l o r o r c o n s i s t e n c y .
In g e n e r a l , th e
w o r k o f th e m a in t e n a n c e p a i n t e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l ly a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h
a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g a n d e x p e r i e n c e .
P IP E F IT T E R ,
M A IN T E N A N C E
I n s t a ll s o r r e p a i r s w a t e r , s t e a m , g a s , o r o t h e r t y p e s o f p ip e a n d p i p e f it t in g s in an
e s t a b l is h m e n t .
W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
L a y in g ou t o f w o r k a n d m e a s u r i n g t o l o
c a t e p o s i t i o n o f p ip e f r o m d r a w i n g s o r o t h e r w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; cu t t in g v a r i o u s s i z e s o f p ip e
t o c o r r e c t le n g t h s w it h c h i s e l a n d h a m m e r o r o x y a c e t y l e n e t o r c h o r p i p e - c u t t in g m a c h in e ; t h r e a d
in g p ip e w it h s t o c k s a n d d i e s ; b e n d in g p ip e b y h a n d - d r i v e n o r p o w e r - d r i v e n m a c h i n e s ; a s s e m b l i n g
p ip e w it h c o u p li n g s a n d fa s t e n i n g p ip e to h a n g e r s ; m a k in g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g
t o p r e s s u r e s , f l o w , a n d s i z e o f p ip e r e q u i r e d ; a n d m a k in g s t a n d a r d t e s t s t o d e t e r m in e w h e t h e r
f i n is h e d p i p e s m e e t s p e c i f i c a t i o n s .
In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a in t e n a n c e p i p e f i t t e r r e q u i r e s
r o u n d e d t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l ly a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t
t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e . W o r k e r s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d in in s t a l li n g a n d r e p a i r i n g b u ild in g s a n it a
t io n o r h e a t in g s y s t e m s a r e e x c l u d e d .
PLU M BER,
M A IN T E N A N C E
K e e p s th e p lu m b in g s y s t e m o f an e s t a b l is h m e n t in g o o d o r d e r . W o r k i n v o l v e s : K n o w le d g e
o f s a n it a r y c o d e s r e g a r d in g in s t a l la t io n o f v e n t s a n d t r a p s in p lu m b in g s y s t e m ; in s t a l li n g o r r e
p a i r in g p i p e s a n d f i x t u r e s ; a n d o p e n in g c l o g g e d d r a i n s w ith a p lu n g e r o r p l u m b e r 's s n a k e . In
g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a in t e n a n c e p l u m b e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l ly
a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e .
S H E E T -M E T A L
W ORKER,
M A IN T E N A N C E
F a b r i c a t e s , i n s t a l l s , a n d m a in t a in s in g o o d r e p a i r th e s h e e t - m e t a l e q u ip m e n t a n d f i x
t u r e s ( s u c h a s m a c h in e g u a r d s , g r e a s e p a n s , s h e l v e s , l o c k e r s , t a n k s , v e n t i l a t o r s , c h u t e s , d u c t s ,
m e t a l r o o f i n g ) o f a n e s t a b l is h m e n t .
W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
P la n n in g a n d la y in g
ou t a ll t y p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l m a in t e n a n c e w o r k f r o m b l u e p r i n t s , m o d e l s , o x o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ;
s e t t in g up a n d o p e r a t i n g a ll a v a il a b l e t y p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k i n g m a c h in e s ; u s in g a v a r i e t y o f
28
S H E E T -M E T A L
W ORKER,
M A IN T E N A N C E ---- C o n t in u e d
T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R ---- C o n t in u e d
h a n d t o o ls in c u t t in g , b e n d in g , f o r m i n g , s h a p in g , f i t t in g , a n d a s s e m b l i n g ; and in s t a l li n g s h e e t m e ta l a r t ic le s a s r e q u ir e d .
In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a in t e n a n c e s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u i r e s
r o u n d e d t r a in i n g a n d e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l ly a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t
t r a in in g a n d e x p e r i e n c e .
T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R
(D ie
m a k er; jig
m a k er; to o l m a k er;
fi x t u r e
m a k er;
gage
m a k er)
C o n s tr u c ts and r e p a ir s m a c h in e -s h o p t o o ls , g a g e s , j i g s , fix tu r e s o r d ie s fo r fo r g in g s ,
p u n c h in g , and o t h e r m e t a l - f o r m i n g w o r k .
W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
P la n n in g and
la y in g ou t o f w o r k f r o m m o d e l s , b l u e p r i n t s , d r a w i n g s , o r o t h e r o r a l a n d w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ;
u s in g a v a r i e t y o f t o o l and d ie m a k e r 's h a n d t o o ls a n d p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g in s t r u m e n t s ; u n d e r
s t a n d in g o f th e w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f c o m m o n m e t a l s and a l l o y s ; s e t t in g up and o p e r a t i n g o f
m a c h in e t o o l s a n d r e l a t e d e q u ip m e n t ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o d i m e n s i o n s
o f w o r k , s p e e d s , f e e d s , and t o o l i n g o f m a c h in e s ; h e a t - t r e a t i n g o f m e t a l p a r t s d u r in g f a b r ic a t i o n
a s w e l l a s o f f i n is h e d t o o l s a n d d i e s t o a c h i e v e r e q u i r e d q u a l i t i e s ; w o r k i n g t o c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ;
fit t in g a n d a s s e m b l i n g o f p a r t s t o p r e s c r i b e d t o l e r a n c e s a n d a ll o w a n c e s ; and s e l e c t i n g a p p r o p r ia t e
m a t e r ia ls , t o o ls , and p r o c e s s e s .
In g e n e r a l , th e t o o l a n d d ie m a k e r 's w o r k r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d
t r a in i n g in m a c h i n e - s h o p a n d t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u s u a l ly a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h i p
o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g a n d e x p e r i e n c e .
shops
F o r c r o s s - in d u s t r y w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s ,
a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m t h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n .
t o o l and
d ie
m a k ers
in
t o o l and d ie j o b b in g
CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT
S H IP P IN G A N D R E C E I V I N G
GUARD AND W ATCH M AN
G uard.
P e r f o r m s r o u t in e p o l i c e d u t i e s , e i t h e r at f i x e d p o s t o r on t o u r , m a in t a in in g
o r d e r , u s in g a r m s o r f o r c e w h e r e n e c e s s a r y .
I n c lu d e s g a t e m e n w h o a r e s t a t io n e d at g a te
and c h e c k on id e n t it y o f e m p l o y e e s a n d o t h e r p e r s o n s e n t e r i n g .
W a tch m a n .
M akes rou n ds
t h e ft , a n d i l l e g a l e n t r y .
J A N IT O R ,
PORTER,
(S w e e p e r ;
o f p r e m is e s
p e r i o d i c a l l y in p r o t e c t i n g
p r o p e r t y a g a in s t f i r e ,
OR CLEAN ER
P r e p a r e s m e r c h a n d i s e f o r s h i p m e n t , o r r e c e i v e s a n d is r e s p o n s i b l e f o r in c o m in g s h i p
m e n ts o f m e r c h a n d is e o r o th e r m a te r ia ls .
S h ip p in g w o r k i n v o l v e s ; A k n o w le d g e o f s h ip p in g
p r o c e d u r e s , p r a c t i c e s , r o u t e s , a v a il a b l e m e a n s o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , a n d r a t e ; a n d p r e p a r i n g r e c
o r d s o f th e g o o d s s h ip p e d , m a k in g up b i l l s o f la d in g , p o s t in g w e ig h t a n d s h ip p in g c h a r g e s , and
k e e p in g a f i l e o f s h ip p in g r e c o r d s .
M a y d i r e c t o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r i n g th e m e r c h a n d i s e f o r s h i p
m en t.
R e c e iv in g w o r k in v o lv e s :
V e r i f y i n g o r d i r e c t i n g o t h e r s in v e r i f y i n g th e c o r r e c t n e s s o f
s h ip m e n t s a g a in s t b i l l s o f la d in g , i n v o i c e s , o r o t h e r r e c o r d s ; c h e c k i n g f o r s h o r t a g e s and r e j e c t i n g
d a m a g e d g o o d s ; r o u t in g m e r c h a n d i s e o r m a t e r i a l s t o p r o p e r d e p a r t m e n t s ; a n d m a in t a in in g n e c e s
s a r y r e c o r d s and file s .
ch a rw om a n ; ja n itr e s s )
F o r w age
C le a n s and k e e p s in an o r d e r l y c o n d it i o n f a c t o r y w o r k i n g a r e a s a n d w a s h r o o m s , o r
p r e m i s e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a r t m e n t h o u s e , o r c o m m e r c i a l o r o t h e r e s t a b l is h m e n t . D u t ie s in v o l v e
a c o m b in a t i o n o f th e f o l l o w i n g ; S w e e p in g , m o p p in g o r s c r u b b i n g , a n d p o l is h in g f l o o r s ; r e m o v i n g
c h i p s , t r a s h , and o t h e r r e f u s e ; d u s t in g e q u ip m e n t , f u r n it u r e , o r f i x t u r e s ; p o l is h in g m e t a l f i x t u r e s
o r t r i m m i n g s ; p r o v id i n g s u p p l ie s a n d m in o r m a in t e n a n c e s e r v i c e s ; a n d c l e a n in g l a v a t o r i e s , s h o w
e r s , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s w h o s p e c i a l i z e in w in d o w w a s h in g a r e e x c l u d e d .
LABORER,
A w o r k e r e m p l o y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c t u r in g p la n t , s t o r e , o r o t h e r e s t a b l is h m e n t
w h o s e d u tie s in v o lv e o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
L o a d in g and u n lo a d in g v a r io u s m a t e r i a l s and
m e r c h a n d i s e o n o r f r o m f r e ig h t c a r s , t r u c k s , o r o t h e r t r a n s p o r t i n g d e v i c e s ; u n p a c k in g , s h e l v in g ,
o r p l a c in g m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e lo c a t i o n ; a n d t r a n s p o r t i n g m a t e r i a l s o r
m e r c h a n d is e by h a n d tru ck , c a r , o r w h e e lb a r r o w .
L o n g s h o r e m e n , w h o lo a d and u n lo a d s h ip s a r e
e x clu d e d .
R e c e iv in g c le r k
S h ip p in g c l e r k
S h ip p in g a n d r e c e i v i n g
w ork ers
a re
c la s s ifie d
as
fo llo w s :
cle rk
D r i v e s a t r u c k w it h in a c i t y o r in d u s t r ia l a r e a t o t r a n s p o r t m a t e r i a l s , m e r c h a n d i s e ,
e q u ip m e n t , o r m e n b e t w e e n v a r i o u s t y p e s o f e s t a b l is h m e n t s s u c h a s : M a n u fa c t u r in g p l a n t s , f r e ig h t
d e p o t s , w a r e h o u s e s , w h o l e s a l e a n d r e t a i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , o r b e t w e e n r e t a i l e s t a b l is h m e n t s and
c u s t o m e r s ' h o u s e s o r p l a c e s o f b u s i n e s s . M a y a l s o lo a d o r u n lo a d t r u c k w it h o r w ith o u t h e l p e r s ,
m a k e m in o r m e c h a n i c a l r e p a i r s , and k e e p t r u c k in g o o d w o r k in g o r d e r .
D r i v e r - s a l e s m e n and
o v e r -t h e - r o a d d r iv e r s a re e x c lu d e d .
F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , t r u c k d r iv e r s a r e c l a s s i f ie d b y s iz e and ty p e
as fo llo w s :
( T r a c t o r - t r a i l e r s h o u ld b e r a t e d on th e b a s i s o f t r a i l e r c a p a c i t y .)
o f e q u ip m e n t ,
F IL L E R
(O rd e r
p ick e r;
stock
s e le cto r; w areh ou se
stock m a n )
F i l l s s h ip p in g o r t r a n s f e r o r d e r s f o r f i n is h e d g o o d s f r o m s t o r e d m e r c h a n d i s e in a c c o r d
a n c e w ith s p e c i f i c a t i o n s on s a l e s s l i p s , c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s , o r o t h e r in s t r u c t i o n s . M a y , in a d d i t i o n
to fi l l i n g o r d e r s and in d ic a t in g it e m s f i l l e d o r o m it t e d , k e e p r e c o r d s o f o u t g o in g o r d e r s , r e q u i
s i t io n a d d it io n a l s t o c k o r r e p o r t s h o r t s u p p l ie s t o s u p e r v i s o r , and p e r f o r m o t h e r r e l a t e d d u t i e s .
T r u c k d r iv e r (c o m b in a tio n o f s iz e s lis t e d se p a r a te ly )
T r u c k d r i v e r , lig h t (u n d e r lV 2 to n s )
T r u c k d r i v e r , m e d iu m ( l V 2 t o and in c lu d in g 4 t o n s )
T r u c k d r iv e r , h e a v y (o v e r 4 to n s , t r a il e r ty p e)
T r u c k d r i v e r , h e a v y ( o v e r 4 t o n s , o t h e r th a n t r a i l e r t y p e )
TRUCKER,
PACKER,
s tu d y p u r p o s e s ,
T R U C K D R IV E R
M A T E R I A L H A N D L IN G
( L o a d e r a n d u n l o a d e r ; h a n d le r a n d s t a c k e r ; s h e l v e r ; t r u c k e r ; s t o c k m a n o r s t o c k h e l p e r ; w a r e
h o u se m a n o r w a r e h o u s e h e lp e r)
ORDER
CLERK
POW ER
S H IP P IN G
P r e p a r e s fi n is h e d p r o d u c t s f o r s h ip m e n t o r s t o r a g e b y p l a c in g t h e m in s h ip p in g c o n
t a i n e r s , th e s p e c i f i c o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d b e in g d e p e n d e n t u p on th e t y p e , s i z e , a n d n u m b e r o f
u n its t o b e p a c k e d , th e t y p e o f c o n t a in e r e m p l o y e d , a n d m e t h o d o f s h ip m e n t . W o r k r e q u i r e s th e
p l a c in g o f it e m s in s h ip p in g c o n t a in e r s a n d m a y in v o l v e o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
K n o w l
e d g e o f v a r i o u s it e m s o f s t o c k in o r d e r t o v e r i f y c o n t e n t ; s e l e c t i o n o f a p p r o p r ia t e t y p e a n d s i z e
o f c o n t a in e r ; in s e r t i n g e n c l o s u r e s in c o n t a i n e r ; u s in g e x c e l s i o r o r o t h e r m a t e r i a l t o p r e v e n t
b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c l o s i n g a n d s e a li n g c o n t a i n e r ; a n d a p p ly in g l a b e l s o r e n t e r i n g id e n t if y in g
d a ta o n c o n t a in e r . P a c k e r s w h o a l s o m a k e w o o d e n b o x e s o r c r a t e s a r e e x c l u d e d .
O p era tes a
t r a n s p o r t g o o d s and
e s t a b l is h m e n t .
m a n u a lly c o n t r o l l e d
g a s o l i n e - o r e l e c t r i c - p o w e r e d t r u c k o r t r a c t o r to
m a t e r i a l s o f a ll k in d s a b o u t a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c t u r in g p la n t , o r o t h e r
F o r w a g e s t u d y p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e o f t r u c k , a s f o l l o w s :
T ru ck er,
T ru ck er,
pow er
pow er
(fo r k lift)
(o t h e r th a n f o r k l i f t )
Area Wage Surveys
A l is t o f the la te s t a v a ila b le b u lle tin s is p r e s e n t e d b e lo w . A d i r e c t o r y o f a r e a w a g e s tu die s in clu d in g m o r e l i m i t e d stu d ie s c o n d u c te d at the
r e q u e s t o f the W a ge and H our and P u b l i c C o n t r a c t s D i v i s i o n s o f the D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r is a v a ila b le on r e q u e s t . B u lle tin s m a y be p u r c h a s e d f r o m
the Su pe rin te n de n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U.S. G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , W a s h in g t o n , D . C . , 20402, o r f r o m any o f the BL S r e g i o n a l s a l e s o f f i c e s show n on
the in s i d e f r o n t c o v e r .
Area
A k r o n , O hio, J uly 1969 1----------------------------------------------------A l b a n y - S c h e n e c t a d y - T r o y , N . Y . , F e b . 1970-----------------A lb u q u e r q u e , N. M e x . , M a r . 1 9 7 0 1___________________
A l le n to w r r - B e t h le h e m —E a s to n , P a . —N .J ., M a y 1969-----Atla nta, G a . , M a y 1969 ------------------------------------------------------B a l t i m o r e , M d . , Aug. 1969-----------------------------------------------B e a u m o n t—P o r t Arthur—O r a n g e , T e x . , M a y 1969 1_____
B in gha m to n , N . Y . , J u ly 1969--------------------------------------------B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , M a r . 1970-----------------------------------------B o i s e C ity, Idaho, N o v . 1969-------------------------------------------B o s to n , M a s s . , A u g. 1969------------------------------------------------B u ffa lo , N . Y ., O ct. 1969----------------------------------------------------B u rlin g to n , V t ., M a r . 1970_______________________________
Canton, O h io , M a y 1969 -----------------------------------------------------C h a r le s t o n , W. V a , , A p r . 1970 1 -------------------------------------C h a r lo tt e , N . C . , M a r . 1 9 7 0 1 --------------------------------------------C h atta n ooga, T e n n . - G a . , Sept. 1969--------------------------------C h ic a g o , 111., A p r . 1969 1 _________________________________
C in cin n a ti, O h io —K y.—I n d ., F e b . 1970----------------------------C le v e la n d , O h io , Sept. 1969----------------------------------------------C o lu m b u s , O h io , O c t . 1969-----------------------------------------------D a lla s , T e x . , O ct. 1969----------------------------------------------------D a v e n p o rt—R o c k Isla nd—M o l i n e , I o w a ^ I ll. ,
O ct. 1969 l__.........................................................................................
Dayton, O h io , D e c . 1969___________________________________
D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c . 1 9 6 9 1------------------------------------------------D es M o i n e s , Iow a, M a r . 1969-------------------------------------------D e t r o it , M i c h . , F e b . 1970________________________________
F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , O ct. 1969--------------------------------------------G r e e n B a y, W i s . , J u ly 1 9 6 9 --------------- ——— —---------------—
G r e e n v i l l e , S .C ., M ay 1969 *— - — ----------------------------------H ouston , T e x . , A p r . 1970--------------------------------------------------I n d ia n a p o lis , Ind., O ct. 1969--------------------------------------------J a c k s o n , M i s s . , Jan. 1970________________________________
J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . , D e c . 1969-----------------------------------------K a n s a s Cit y, M o . - K a n s . , Sept. 1969-------------------------------L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h il l, M a s s . —N .H ., June 1969 --------------Lit tl e R o c k ^ N o r t h L ittle R o c k , A r k . , J u ly 1969----------L o s A n g e l e s —Lon g B e a c h and A n a h e im —Santa A n a G a r d e n G r o v e , C a l i f . , M a r . 1970----------------------------------L o u i s v i l l e , K y.—Ind., Nov. 1969 1-------------------------------------L u b b o ck , T e x . , M a r . 1 9 7 0 1 ______________________________
M a n c h e s t e r , N .H ., J u ly 1969--------------------------------------------M e m p h i s , Ten n.—A r k . , Nov. 1969 1----------------------------------M ia m i, F l a . , N o v . 1969___________________________________
M id la n d and O d e s s a , T e x . , Jan. 1 9 7 0 1-------------------------M ilw a u k e e , W i s . , A p r . 1969______________________________
M i n n e a p o l i s —St. P a u l, M in n ., Jan. 1970 1------------------------
B u lle tin n u m b e r
and p r i c e
\
1 6 2 5 - 8 9 , 35 ce n ts
1 6 6 0 - 5 1 , 30 ce n ts
1 6 6 0 - 5 5 , 35 ce n ts
1625-86,
30 c e n ts
1 6 2 5 - 7 7 , 35 ce n ts
1 6 6 0 -1 1 , 35 c e n ts
1 6 2 5 - 7 5 , 35 ce n ts
30 c e n ts
1 6 6 0 -5 ,
30 ce n ts
1660-57,
1660-34,
25 ce n ts
1 6 6 0 -1 6 , 45 c e n ts
1 6 6 0 -2 9 , 45 ce n ts
1 6 6 0 - 5 3 , 25 ce n ts
1 6 2 5 - 7 3 , 30 ce n ts
1 6 6 0 - 6 8 , 35 ce n ts
1 6 6 0 - 6 1 , 40 ce n ts
30 c e n ts
1 6 6 0 -9 ,
1 6 2 5 - 8 2 , 65 c e n ts
35 cen ts
1660-49,
1 6 6 0 - 2 2 , 40 ce n ts
1 6 6 0 -2 7 , 30 c e n ts
1 6 6 0 - 2 3 , 35 c e n ts
1 6 6 0 -2 0 ,
1660-37,
1660-41,
1 6 2 5 -6 2 ,
1660-58,
1 6 6 0 -1 8 ,
1660-8,
1625-70,
1660-67,
1660-25,
1660-39,
1660-35,
1660-10,
1625-79,
1 6 6 0 -2 ,
35
30
40
30
35
30
30
35
35
30
30
30
35
30
30
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
c e n ts
ce n ts
cen ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
c ents
1660-64,
1 6 6 0 -2 8 ,
1660-50,
1660-3,
1660-31,
1660-32,
1660-44,
1 6 2 5 -6 6 ,
1660-46,
45
40
35
30
40
30
35
35
50
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
D ata on establishm ent p ra ctices and su pplem entary w ag e provisions are also presented.
A rea
Mu skegorr—M u s k e g o n H e ig h t s , M i c h . , M a y 1969
N e w a r k and J e r s e y C ity, N .J ., Jan. 1 9 7 0 1_____________
New H av e n, C on n., Jan. 1970 1___________________________
New O r l e a n s , L a . , Jan. 1970_____________________________
New Y o r k , N . Y . , A p r . 1969_______________________________
N o r f o l k —P o r t s m o u t h and N e w p o r t N ew s—
H am pton, V a . , Jan. 1 9 7 0 1______________________________
O k la h o m a C ity, O k la ., J u ly 1969 1_______________________
O m a h a , N e b r . —Iowa, Sept. 1969__________________________
P a t e r s o n —C lif to n —P a s s a i c , N .J ., M a y 1969_____________
P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . —N .J ., Nov. 1969 1______________________
P h o e n i x , A r i z . , M a r . 1970 1______________________________
P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , Jan. 1 9 7 0 1______________________________
P o r t l a n d . M a in e . Nov. 1969
_________
_____
P o r t l a n d , O r e g . —W a s h ., M a y 1969_______________________
P r o v i d e n c e —P a w t u c k e t —W a r w i c k , R.I.—M a s s .,
M a y 1970_________________________
______ _______
R a le ig h , N . C . , Aug. 1969__________________________________
R i c h m o n d , V a . , M a r . 1970* _____________________________
R o c h e s t e r , N .Y . ( o f f i c e o c c u p a t io n s o n ly ),
J u ly 1969_________________________________ _______ _______
R o c k f o r d , 111., M a y 1969 __________________________________
St. L o u i s , M o .—111., M a r . 197 0________ ____________ ___ __
Salt Lake C it y , Utah, Nov. 1969 1_________________ __
San A n to n io , T e x . , M a y 1970______________________________
San B e r n a r d i n o —R i v e r side—O n t a r i o , C a lif . ,
D e c . 1 9 6 9 _____________________ .
. . _ - _____
San D ie g o , C a l i f . , Nov. 1 9 6 9 1 ____________________________
San F r a n c i s c o —O a kla nd , C a l i f . , O ct. 1 9 6 9 1____________
San J o s e , C a l i f . , Sept. 1969 1________ ____________ ____
Savannah, G a . , M a y 1969___ ____ _____
__
__ _
S cra n to n , P a . , J u ly 1969---------------------------------------------------Seattle—E v e r e t t , W a s h ., Jan. 1970______________________
S io u x F a l l s , S. Dak., Sept. 1969_________________________
South Ben d, Ind., M a r . 1970 1___________ _______________
Sp okan e. W a s h .. June 1 9 6 9 ________ _ ________
_ ___
S y r a c u s e , N . Y . , J u ly 1969__________________________ ____
Tam pa^St. P e t e r s b u r g , F l a . , Aug. 1969 1______________
T o l e d o , O h i o - M i c h . , F e b . 1970___________________________
T r e n t o n , N .J ., Sept. 1969_________________________________
U t ica —R o m e , N . Y ., J u ly 1969-------------------------------------------W a s h in g t o n , D .C .—Md.—V a . , Sept. 1969 1________________
W a t e r b u r y , C o n n ., M a r . 1 9 7 0 1___________________________
W a t e r l o o , Iowa, Jan. 1970________________________________
W ic h it a . K a n s .. A pr. 1Q7D1______ _________________
W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , May 1970 1___________________________
Y o r k , P a . , F e b . 1 9 7 0 1_____________________________________
Y o u n gs to w n —W a r r e n , O h io , Nov. 1969 1_________________
B u lle tin n u m b e r
and p r i c e
1625-80,
1660-47,
1660-40,
1660-42,
1625-88,
30
50
35
30
60
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
c e n ts
1660-59,
1660-17,
1 6 6 0 -1 2 ,
1 6 2 5 -8 7 ,
1660-48,
1660-70,
1660-60,
1660-26,
1625-76,
35
35
30
35
60
35
50
35
30
ce n ts
ce n ts
c e n ts
c e n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
1 6 6 0 -7 2 ,
1 6 6 0 -6 ,
1660-65,
30 ce n ts
30 ce n ts
40 ce n ts
1660-4,
1 6 2 5 -7 2 ,
1 6 6 0 -6 6 ,
1 6 6 0 -3 0 ,
1 6 6 0 -7 1 ,
30
30
40
35
30
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
c e n ts
1660-43,
1660-36,
1660-33,
1 6 6 0 -2 4 ,
1625-68,
1 6 6 0 -1 5 ,
1660-52,
1 6 6 0 -1 4 ,
1660-62,
1625-81,
1 6 6 0 -1 3 ,
1 6 6 0 -7 ,
1660-56,
1 6 6 0 -2 1 ,
1 6 6 0 -1 ,
1 6 6 0 -1 9 ,
1660-54,
1660-45,
1 6 6 0 -6 9 ,
1 6 6 0 -7 8 ,
1660-63,
1660-38,
30
35
50
35
30
30
30
25
35
30
30
35
30
30
30
50
35
30
35
35
35
35
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
cen ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
c e n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
ce n ts
U.S. D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R
BUREAU OF LA BO R S TA TIS TIC S
WASHI NGT ON, D.C.
20212
O F F I C I A L BUSINESS
P O S T A G E AN D FE E S P A ID
U.S. D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R
FIRST CLASS MAIL
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