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D a y to n &M o n tg o m e r y Co, Public Library FEB 1 0 1 9 7 2 DOCUMENT COLLECTION BUREAU OF LABOR S T A T IS T IC S R E G IO N A L O F F IC E S ALASKA Region 11 341 Ninth Ave., Rm. 1025 New York, N.Y. 10001 Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212) Region 111 406 Penn Square Building 1317 Filbert St. Philadelphia, Pa. 19107 Phone: 597-7796 (Area Code 215) Region IV Suite 540 1371 Peachtree St. NE. Atlanta, Ga. 30309 Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404) Region VI Region V 1100 Commerce St., Rm. 6B7 8th Floor, 300 South Wacker Drive Dallas, Tex. 75202 Chicago, III. 60606 Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214) Phone: 3 53-1880 (Area Code 312) Regions VII and VIII Federal O ffice Building 911 Walnut St., 10th Floor Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816) Regions IX and X 450 Golden Gate Ave. Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415) Region I 1603-JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 223-6761 (Area Code 617) * Regions VII and VIII will be serviced by Kansas City. ** Regions IX and X will be serviced by San Francisco. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR J. D. Hodgson, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Geoffrey H. Moore, Commissioner AREA WAGE SURVEY T h e S p o k a n e , W ash in g to n , M e tro p o lita n A re a , Ju ne 1971 B u lle tin 1 6 8 5 - 8 8 December 1971 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 — Price 30 cents C o n te n ts P r e fa c e Page T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s p r o g r a m o f a n n u a l o c c u p a t io n a l w a g e s u r v e y s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s is d e s ig n e d t o p r o v i d e d a ta on o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s , and e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s a n d s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s . It y i e l d s d e t a ile d d a ta b y s e l e c t e d in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n f o r e a c h o f th e a r e a s s t u d ie d , f o r g e o g r a p h ic r e g i o n s , a nd f o r th e U n ite d S t a t e s . A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in th e p r o g r a m is th e n e e d f o r g r e a t e r in s ig h t in to (1 ) th e m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s b y o c c u p a t io n a l c a t e g o r y an d s k i l l l e v e l , a n d (2 ) th e s t r u c t u r e a n d l e v e l o f w a g e s a m o n g a r e a s a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s . A t th e en d o f e a c h s u r v e y , an in d iv id u a l a r e a b u l le t in p r e s e n t s th e s u r v e y r e s u l t s . A f t e r c o m p l e t i o n o f a ll o f th e in d iv id u a l a r e a b u lle t in s f o r a r o u n d o f s u r v e y s , tw o s u m m a r y b u ll e t in s a r e i s s u e d . T h e f i r s t b r in g s d a ta f o r e a c h o f th e m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s s tu d ie d in to o n e b u lle t in . T h e s e c o n d p r e s e n t s in f o r m a t io n w h ic h h a s b e e n p r o j e c t e d f r o m in d iv id u a l m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a d a ta t o r e l a t e t o g e o g r a p h ic r e g io n s a n d th e U n ite d S t a te s . I n t r o d u c t io n _________________________________________________________________________ W a g e t r e n d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s ______________________________ T a b le s t 1. 2. A. E s t a b lis h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y and n u m b e r s t u d i e d __________________________________________________________ I n d e x e s o f s ta n d a r d w e e k ly s a l a r i e s a nd s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s , and p e r c e n t s o f c h a n g e f o r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s ___________________________ O c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s : A - l . O f f i c e o c c u p a t io n s —m e n and w o m e n ___________________________ A - 2. P r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n ------------------------A - 3. O f f i c e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a nd t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t io n s — m e n a nd w o m e n c o m b i n e d _____________________________________ A - 4 . M a in t e n a n c e an d p o w e r p la n t o c c u p a t i o n s _____________________ A - 5 . C u s t o d ia l an d m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s ______________ A p p e n d ix . O c c u p a t io n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s _________________________________________ N in e ty a r e a s c u r r e n t l y a r e in c lu d e d in th e p r o g r a m . In e a c h a r e a , in f o r m a t io n on o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s is c o l l e c t e d a n n u a lly a nd on e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s b ie n n ia lly . T h is b u lle t in p r e s e n t s r e s u l t s o f th e s u r v e y in S p o k a n e , W a s h ., in J u n e 1 9 7 1 . T h e S ta n d a r d M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a , a s d e f in e d b y th e B u r e a u o f th e B u d g e t th r o u g h J a n u a r y 1 9 6 8 , c o n s i s t s o f S p o k a n e C o u n ty . T h is stu d y w a s c o n d u c t e d b y th e B u r e a u 's r e g i o n a l o f f i c e in San F r a n c i s c o , C a l i f . , u n d e r th e g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f A d o lp h O . B e r g e r , A s s i s t a n t R e g io n a l D i r e c t o r f o r O p e r a t io n s . 1 4 a reas. NOTE: S im ila r t a b u la t io n s a r e a v a ila b le (S e e i n s i d e b a c k c o v e r . ) fo r o th e r U n io n w a g e r a t e s , in d ic a t iv e o f p r e v a i l i n g p a y l e v e l s in th e S p o k a n e a r e a , a r e a l s o a v a ila b le f o r b u ild in g c o n s t r u c t i o n ; p r in t in g ; l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a t in g e m p l o y e e s ; a nd l o c a l t r u c k d r i v e r s an d h e l p e r s . 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 13 In tro d u c tio n T h is a r e a is 1 o f 9 0 in w h ic h th e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r 's B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s c o n d u c t s s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d b e n e f it s on an a r e a w id e b a s i s . 1 e it h e r (1) e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t io n is t o o s m a l l t o p r o v i d e e n o u g h d a ta t o m e r i t p r e s e n t a t io n , o r (2) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t d a ta . E a r n in g s d a ta n o t s h o w n s e p a r a t e ly f o r in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s a r e in c lu d e d in a l l i n d u s t r ie s c o m b i n e d d a ta , w h e r e s h o w n . L i k e w i s e , d a ta a r e in c lu d e d in th e o v e r a l l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w h e n a s u b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f s e c r e t a r i e s o r t r u c k d r i v e r s is n o t sh o w n o r in f o r m a t io n t o s u b c l a s s i f y is n o t a v a ila b le . T h is b u ll e t in p r e s e n t s c u r r e n t o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s in f o r m a t io n o b ta in e d l a r g e l y b y m a i l f r o m th e e s t a b lis h m e n t s v i s i t e d b y B u r e a u f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s in th e la s t p r e v i o u s s u r v e y f o r o c c u p a t io n s r e p o r t e d in th a t e a r l i e r s tu d y . P e r s o n a l v i s i t s w e r e m a d e to n o n r e s p o n d e n t s a n d to t h o s e r e s p o n d e n t s r e p o r t in g u n u s u a l c h a n g e s s in c e th e p r e v i o u s s u r v e y . O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p lo y m e n t a n d e a r n in g s d a ta a r e s h o w n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , t h o s e h i r e d to w o r k a r e g u l a r w e e k ly s c h e d u le in th e g iv e n o c c u p a t io n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . E a r n in g s d a ta e x c lu d e p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la t e s h if t s . N o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d , b u t c o s t - o f - l i v i n g a llo w a n c e s a nd in c e n t iv e e a r n in g s a r e in c lu d e d . W h e r e w e e k ly h o u r s a r e r e p o r t e d , a s f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s , r e f e r e n c e is to th e s ta n d a r d w o r k w e e k ( r o u n d e d t o th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r ) f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p a y f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u la r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) . A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r t h e s e o c c u p a t io n s h a v e b e e n r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o ll a r . In e a c h a r e a , d a ta a r e o b ta in e d f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in s i x b r o a d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s : M a n u fa c t u r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a le t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f in a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; a nd s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u s t r y g r o u p s e x c lu d e d f r o m t h e s e s tu d ie s a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t io n s and th e c o n s t r u c t i o n an d e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r ie s . E s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r th a n a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m i t t e d b e c a u s e th e y te n d to f u r n is h in s u f f ic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d to w a r r a n t in c lu s io n . S e p a r a t e ta b u la t io n s a r e p r o v i d e d f o r e a c h o f th e b r o a d in d u s t r y d iv is io n s w h ic h m e e t p u b lic a t i o n c r i t e r i a . T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u r e th e l e v e l o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s in an a r e a at a p a r t i c u l a r t i m e . C o m p a r i s o n s o f in d iv id u a l o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s o v e r tim e m a y n ot r e f le c t e x p e c te d w age ch a n g e s. The a v e r a g e s f o r in d iv id u a l j o b s a r e a f f e c t e d b y c h a n g e s in w a g e s and e m p lo y m e n t p a t t e r n s . F o r e x a m p le , p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y h ig h - o r l o w - w a g e f i r m s m a y c h a n g e o r h ig h - w a g e w o r k e r s m a y a d v a n c e to b e t t e r j o b s a nd b e r e p l a c e d b y n e w w o r k e r s a t l o w e r r a t e s . S u ch s h ift s in e m p lo y m e n t c o u ld d e c r e a s e an o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e e v e n th o u g h m o s t e s t a b lis h m e n t s in an a r e a i n c r e a s e w a g e s d u r in g th e y e a r . T r e n d s in e a r n in g s o f o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s , s h o w n in ta b le 2 , a r e b e t t e r in d i c a t o r s o f w a g e t r e n d s th a n in d iv id u a l j o b s w ith in th e g r o u p s . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u c t e d on a s a m p le b a s i s b e c a u s e o f th e u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in s u r v e y in g a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s . To o b ta in o p t im u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f l a r g e th an o f s m a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s is s tu d ie d . In c o m b in in g th e d a ta , h o w e v e r , a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e g iv e n t h e ir a p p r o p r ia t e w e ig h t. E s t i m a t e s b a s e d o n th e e s t a b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e la t in g to a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s in th e in d u s t r y g r o u p in g a nd a r e a , e x c e p t f o r t h o s e b e lo w th e m in im u m s i z e s tu d ie d . O c c u p a t io n s and E a r n in g s T h e o c c u p a t io n s s e l e c t e d f o r s tu d y a r e c o m m o n t o a v a r i e t y o f m a n u fa c t u r in g a nd n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g i n d u s t r i e s , an d a r e o f th e f o llo w in g t y p e s : ( l ) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l a nd t e c h n i c a l ; (3) m a in t e n a n c e and p o w e r p la n t ; a nd (4) c u s t o d i a l an d m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t. O c c u p a t io n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d on a u n if o r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s ig n e d to ta k e a c c o u n t o f i n t e r e s t a b lis h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u tie s w ith in th e s a m e jo b . T h e o c c u p a t io n s s e l e c t e d f o r s tu d y a r e l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d in th e a p p e n d ix . T h e e a r n in g s d a ta f o llo w in g th e j o b t i t le s a r e f o r a l l i n d u s t r ie s c o m b i n e d . E a r n in g s d a ta f o r s o m e o f th e o c c u p a t io n s l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e in d u s t r y d iv is io n s w ith in o c c u p a t io n s , a r e n ot p r e s e n t e d in th e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s , b e c a u s e T h e a v e r a g e s p r e s e n t e d r e f l e c t c o m p o s i t e , a r e a w id e e s t i m a tes. I n d u s t r ie s a n d e s t a b lis h m e n t s d i f f e r in p a y l e v e l a nd jo b s t a ffin g a n d , th u s , c o n t r ib u t e d i f f e r e n t l y t o th e e s t im a t e s f o r e a c h jo b . T h e p a y r e la t io n s h ip o b t a in a b le f r o m th e a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l t o r e f l e c t a c c u r a t e l y th e w a g e s p r e a d o r d i f f e r e n t i a l m a in ta in e d a m o n g j o b s in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s . S i m i l a r l y , d i f f e r e n c e s in a v e r a g e p a y l e v e l s f o r m e n an d w o m e n in a n y o f th e s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s h o u ld n o t b e a s s u m e d to r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y t r e a t m e n t o f th e s e x e s w ith in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s . O th e r p o s s i b l e f a c t o r s w h ic h m a y c o n t r ib u t e t o d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y f o r m e n a nd w o m e n in c lu d e : D i f f e r e n c e s in p r o g r e s s i o n w ith in e s t a b lis h e d r a te r a n g e s , s in c e o n ly th e a c tu a l r a t e s p a id in c u m b e n t s a r e c o l l e c t e d ; an d d i f f e r e n c e s in s p e c i f i c d u tie s p e r f o r m e d , a lth o u g h th e w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d a p p r o p r i a t e l y w ith in th e s a m e s u r v e y j o b d e s c r i p t i o n . J o b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g 1 Included in the 90 areas are four studies conducted under contract with the New York State Department of Labor. These areas are Binghamton (New York portion only); Rochester (o ffice occu pations only); Syracuse; and Utica—Rome. In addition, the Bureau conducts more lim ited area studies in 77 areas at the request of the Wage and Hour Division of the U. S. Department of Labor. 1 2 e m p lo y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a lly m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d th a n t h o s e u s e d in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s a n d a llo w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s in th e s p e c i f i c d u tie s p e r f o r m e d . O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t th e t o t a l in a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e s tu d y a n d n o t th e n u m b e r a c t u a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , th e e s t im a t e s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in e d f r o m th e s a m p le o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s s t u d ie d s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a t e th e r e la t iv e i m p o r t a n c e o f th e j o b s s tu d ie d . T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e d o n o t a f f e c t m a t e r i a l l y th e a c c u r a c y o f th e e a r n in g s d a ta . E s t a b lis h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p le m e n t a r y W a g e P r o v i s i o n s T a b u la t io n s o n s e l e c t e d e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s a n d s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s ( B - s e r i e s t a b le s ) a r e n o t p r e s e n t e d in th is b u lle t in . I n fo r m a t io n f o r t h e s e ta b u la t io n s is c o l l e c t e d b ie n n ia lly . T h e s e t a b u la t io n s o n m in im u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r in e x p e r i e n c e d w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s ; s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s ; s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s ; p a id h o l i d a y s ; p a id v a c a t i o n s ; and h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , an d p e n s io n p la n s a r e p r e s e n t e d (in th e B - s e r i e s t a b le s ) in p r e v i o u s b u ll e t in s f o r th is a r e a . 3 T a b le 1. Establishm ents and w ork e rs within scope of survey and num ber studied in S p o k a n e , W a s h .,1 by m ajor industry division,2 June 1971 Minimum employment in establishments in scope of study Industry division Number of establishm ents Within scope o f study4 Within scope of study3 A ll d ivision s------------------------------------------------Manufacturing__________________________ _______ Nonmanufa ctur ing_______________________________ T ransportation, com m unication, and other public utilities 5______________________ W holesale tra d e 6_____________________________ Retail trade 6____________________ __________ F inance, insurance, and real esta te 6_______ S ervices 6 7 _______________________ _________ W orkers in establishm ents Studied Number Studied P ercent 169 68 26,593 100 17,225 50 " 52 117 22 46 9 ,270 17,323 35 65 6,336 10,889 50 50 50 50 50 20 19 46 14 18 10 7 13 7 9 5,330 1,964 6,639 1,787 1,603 20 7 25 7 6 4,553 930 2,967 1,436 1,003 1 The Spokane Standard M etropolitan Statistical A rea , as defined by the Bureau o f the Budget through January 1968, con sists o f Spokane County. The "w orkers within scop e o f study" estim ates shown in this table p rovid e a reasonably accu rate descrip tion o f the size and com p osition o f the labor fo r c e included in the survey. The estim ates a re not intended, how ever, to s erve as a basis o f com p arison with other em ploym ent indexes fo r the area to m easure em ploym ent trends or le v e ls sin ce (1) planning o f wage surveys req u ires the use o f establishm ent data com p iled con sid era b ly in advance o f the p a yroll p eriod studied, and (2) sm all establishm ents a re excluded from the scop e o f the survey. 2 The 1967 edition of the Standard Industrial C la ssifica tion Manual was used in cla ssifyin g establishm ents by industry division . 3 Includes all establishm ents with total em ploym ent at o r above the m inimum lim itation. A ll outlets (within the area) o f com panies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair s e r v ic e , and m otion picture theaters a re con sid ered as 1 establishm ent. 4 Includes all w ork ers, in all establishm ents with total em ploym ent (within the area) at or above the m inimum lim itation. 5 A bbreviated to "public u tilities" in the A -s e r ie s tables. T axicabs and s e rv ice s incidental to water transportation w ere excluded. 6 This industry d ivision is represented in estim ates fo r "all in d u stries" and "nonm anufacturing" in the S eries A tab les. Separate presentation o f data for this division is not m ade fo r one or m ore o f the follow ing rea son s: (1) Em ploym ent in the d ivision is too sm all to provid e enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sam ple was not designed initially to p erm it separate p resentation, (3) resp on se was insufficient o r inadequate to p erm it separate p resentation, and (4) there is p o ssib ility o f d isclo s u re o f individual establishm ent data. 7 Hotels and m otels: laundries and other personal s e r v ic e s ; business s e r v ic e s ; autom obile re p a ir, rental, and parking; m otion p ictu res; nonprofit m em bership organizations (excluding religious and charitable organ ization s); and engineering and a rch itectu ral s e r v ic e s . About tw o-fifth s o f the w orkers within scop e o f the survey in the Spokane area w ere em ployed in m anufacturing firm s. The follow ing presents the m ajor industry groups and s p e c ific industries as a percent o f all manufacturing: Industry groups P rim a ry m etal in d u s trie s -------42 Food and kindred p ro d u c ts ------17 Printing and publishing------------ 8 Lum ber and wood p rod u cts------ 7 Transportation equipm ent------- 6 E le c tr ic a l equipment and supplies---------------------------------- 5 S pecific industries N onferrous rolling and d ra w in g------------------------------------- 25 P rim a ry nonferrous m eta ls------16 N ew spapers_____________________ 8 Meat p rod u cts---------------------------- 6 E le c tr ic lighting and wiring equipment_____________ 5 This inform ation is based on estim ates o f total em ploym ent d erived from universe m aterials com piled p rio r to actual survey. Pr oportions in various industry divisions may d iffer from proportions based on the results of the survey as shown in table 1 above. W a g e T re n d s fo r S e le c te d O c c u p a tio n a l G ro u p s s h o w s th e p e r c e n t a g e c h a n g e . T h e i n d e x i s th e p r o d u c t o f m u l t i p l y i n g the b a s e y e a r r e l a t i v e ( 1 0 0 ) b y th e r e l a t i v e f o r th e n e x t s u c c e e d i n g y e a r and c o n t i n u i n g t o m u l t i p l y ( c o m p o u n d ) e a c h y e a r ' s r e l a t i v e b y the p r e v io u s y e a r 's in dex. P r e s e n t e d in t a b l e 2 a r e i n d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e in a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , and in a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s o f s e l e c t e d p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s . The in dexes a r e a m e a s u r e o f w a g e s at a g i v e n t i m e , e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t o f w a g e s d u r i n g the b a s e p e r i o d . S u b t r a c t i n g 100 f r o m th e i n d e x y i e l d s the p e r c e n t a g e c h a n g e in w a g e s f r o m the b a s e p e r i o d to th e da te o f the i n d e x . T h e p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e o r i n c r e a s e r e l a t e to w a g e c h a n g e s b e t w e e n the i n d i c a t e d d a t e s . Annual rates of in c r e a s e , w h ere s h o w n , r e f l e c t th e a m o u n t o f i n c r e a s e f o r 12 m o n t h s w h e n th e t i m e p e r i o d b e t w e e n s u r v e y s w a s o t h e r th an 12 m o n t h s . T h e s e c o m p u t a t i o n s w e r e b a s e d o n th e a s s u m p t i o n th at w a g e s i n c r e a s e d at a c o n s t a n t r a t e betw een s u rv e y s . T h e s e e s t i m a t e s a r e m e a s u r e s o f c h a n g e in a v e r a g e s f o r th e a r e a ; t h e y a r e n ot i n t e n d e d to m e a s u r e a v e r a g e p a y c h a n g e s in the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the a r e a . F o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , th e w a g e t r e n d s r e l a t e to r e g u l a r w e e k l y s a l a r i e s f o r the n o r m a l w o r k w e e k , e x clu siv e of earn in gs fo r o v e r tim e . F o r p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s , t h e y m e a s u r e c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , e x c l u d i n g p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and late sh ifts. The p e r c e n t a g e s are b a s e d on data f o r s e l e c t e d k ey o c c u p a t i o n s and i n c l u d e m o s t o f th e n u m e r i c a l l y i m p o r t a n t j o b s w it h in each group. L im ita tio n s o f D a ta M ethod o f C om puting T h e i n d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e , as m e a s u r e s of c h a n g e in a r e a a v e r a g e s , a r e i n f l u e n c e d b y : (1) g e n e r a l s a l a r y and w a g e c h a n g e s , (2) m e r i t o r o t h e r i n c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e i v e d b y i n d i v i d u a l w o r k e r s w h i l e i n the s a m e j o b , and (3) c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e w a g e s due to c h a n g e s i n th e l a b o r f o r c e r e s u l t i n g f r o m l a b o r t u r n o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n s i o n s , f o r c e r e d u c t i o n s , and c h a n g e s in the p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d b y e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith d i f f e r e n t p a y l e v e l s . C h a n g e s in the l a b o r f o r c e c a n c a u s e i n c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s w it h o u t a c t u a l w a g e c h a n g e s . It i s c o n c e i v a b l e that e v e n th o u g h a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in an a r e a g a v e w a g e i n c r e a s e s , a v e r a g e w a g e s m a y have d e c lin e d b e c a u s e l o w e r - p a y i n g e s ta b lis h m e n ts e n t e r e d the a r e a o r e x p a n d e d t h e i r w o r k f o r c e s . S im ilarly, wages m a y h a v e r e m a i n e d r e l a t i v e l y c o n s t a n t , y e t th e a v e r a g e s f o r an a r e a m a y have r i s e n c o n s i d e r a b l y b e c a u s e h ig h e r -p a y in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts e n t e r e d the a r e a . E a c h o f th e f o l l o w i n g k e y o c c u p a t i o n s w it h in an o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p w as a s sig n e d a co n sta n t w eig h t b a s e d on its p r o p o r t io n a te e m p l o y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p : Office clerical (men and women): Office clerical (men and women)— Skilled maintenance (men): Carpenters Continued Bookkeeping-machine Electricians Secretaries operators, class B Machinists Stenographers, general Clerics, accounting, classes Mechanics Stenographers, senior A and B Mechanics (automotive) Switchboard operators, classes Clerics, file, classes Painters A and B A , B, and C Pipefitters Tabulating-machine operators, Clerics, order Tool and die makers class B Clerics, payroll Typists, classes A and B Comptometer operators Unskilled plant (men): Keypunch operators, classes Janitors, porters, and cleaners Industrial nurses (men and women): A and B Laborers, material handling Nurses, industrial (registered) Office boys and girls The p l i e d b y th e in the g r o u p w e re rela ted g a t e f o r th e T h e u s e o f c o n s t a n t e m p l o y m e n t w e i g h t s e l i m i n a t e s th e e f f e c t o f c h a n g e s i n th e p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d i n e a c h j o b i n c l u d e d in th e d a t a . The p e r ce n ta g e s o f change r e fle c t on ly changes in a v e r a g e p a y f o r s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r s . T h e y a r e n ot i n f l u e n c e d b y c h a n g e s in s t a n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u l e s , as s u c h , o r b y p r e m i u m p a y for o v ertim e. W h e r e n e c e s s a r y , d a t a w e r e a d j u s t e d to r e m o v e f r o m the i n d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e a n y s i g n i f i c a n t e f f e c t c a u s e d b y c h a n g e s i n th e s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . avera ge (m ean) ea rn in gs fo r ea ch o ccu p a tio n w e re m u lt i o c c u p a t i o n a l w e i g h t , and th e p r o d u c t s f o r a ll o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e totaled. The a ggregates fo r 2 co n se cu tiv e ye a rs b y d i v i d i n g th e a g g r e g a t e f o r th e l a t e r y e a r b y the a g g r e ea rlier year. T h e r e s u l t a n t r e l a t i v e , l e s s 100 p e r c e n t , 4 5 T ab le 2. Indexes of standard w eekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings fo r selected occupational groups in S p o k a n e , W a s h ., June 1 9 7 0 and June 1971, and p ercents of change ‘ fo r selected periods Manufacturing A ll industries P eriod O ffice c le r ic a l (men and wom en) Industrial nurses (men and women) Skilled maintenance trades (men) U nskilled plant w orkers (men) O ffice cle rica l (men and wom en) Indu strial nurses (men and wom en) Skilled maintenance trades (men) U nskilled plant w orkers (men) ( 2) (2) 122.1 (2) 111.2 126.0 (2) (2) 118.9 (2) 112.5 141.8 Indexes (June 1967=100) June 1970________________________________________ June 1971_____ __________________________________ 114.4 124.6 (2) (2) 121.2 132.6 117.7 124.4 (2) (2) Indexes (May 1961=100) June 1967________________________________________ June 1971------------------------------------------------------------- 123.1 153.4 (2) (2 ) 120.5 159.9 124.9 155.3 (2) (2) P ercents of change 1 May 1961 to May 1962__________________________ May 1962 to May 1963__________________________ May 1963 to May 1964__________________________ May 1964 to June 1965: 13-month in crea s e ___________________________ Annual rate of in c r e a s e -____________________ 2.6 3.8 2.6 ( ) (2) (2) 3.9 2.2 2.4 5.5 2.1 2.1 ( > (2) (2 ) (2) (2) (2) 4.1 2.2 1.7 3.9 3—.4 1.5 2.6 2.4 (2) (2) 4.2 3.9 3.1 2.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) 4.6 4.2 3.5 3.2 June June June June June June 3.3 6.2 4.3 5.2 4.3 8.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 2.4 3.8 10.5 4.1 5.4 9.4 2.7 7.3 3.6 6.5 6.6 5.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) .8 4.2 11.6 3.7 5.5 (2) .4 3.2 3.2 6.6 1.1 13.3 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 to to to to to to June June June June June June 1966_________________________ 1967_________________________ 1968--------------------------------------1969_________________________ 1970--------------------------------------1971_________________________ 1 A ll changes are in crea ses unless otherw ise indicated. 2 Data do not m eet publication c r ite ria . 3 This decline la rgely re fle cts em ployee turnover within and between high- and low -w age establishm ents rather than wage d e cre a s e s. NOTE: M ost p reviou sly published indexes fo r the Spokane area used May 1961 as the base period. They can be converted to the new base period by dividing them by the correspon din g index num bers fo r June 1967 on the May 1961 base period as shown in the table. (The resu lt should by m ultiplied by 100.) 6 A. O c c u p a tio n a l earnings T a b le A -1 . O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s —m en and w o m e n (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Spokane, Wash., June 1971) Weekly earnings 1 (standard) Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— t Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers 65 Average weekly Mean 2 M edian * $ 5 * % $ % $ » t t $ $ S $ $ $ i 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 n o 115 120 125 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 n o 115 120 125 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 6 4 2 10 3 - - - 5 - 2 2 “ 1 1 ~ ” “ 3 3 _ - - ~ ~ _ _ _ _ - - ~ - - - and inder Middle range2 (standard) 70 MEN *9-2 1 O o BOOKKE EP IN G- MA CH IN E OPERATORS, CLASS A -----------------------NONMAN UF AC TU RI NG ------------------ 26 26 39.5 39.5 97.00 97. 00 95.50 95.50 88.00- 10 2. 00 88.00-102.00 BO OK KE EP IN G- MA CH IN E OPERATORS, CLASS B ------------------------ 19 40.0 99.50 101.50 89 .0 0- 10 5. 00 _ _ _ : _ _ ~ - O O 38.5 146.00 145.50 ACCOUNTING, CLASS A f*» 30 CLERKS, WOMEN 5 3 5 5 3 5 - - 6 _ - _ _ _ 9 5 8 2 7 2 3 2 6 5 5 5 5 - 2 7 _ - “ ~ 2 2 - - _ : 3 3 13 6 7 ~ 95 25 70 39.5 107.00 105.00 40 .0 113.00 112.50 39.5 105.00 103.00 89.50-118.50 96 .0 0-130.00 88. 50-118.00 - CLERKS, FILE, CLASS C --------------- 36 39.5 75.50 75.50 72.00- 79.50 14 CLERKS, OR DE R ------------------- 37 40 .0 93.50 93.00 88.00- 98.50 2 - - 12 8 9 4 - - i - - CLERKS, PAYROLL ---------------- 19 39.5 137.50 122.50 115.00-181.00 - - - - - - - 2 3 4 2 - CO MP TO ME TE R O P E R A T O R S --------- 36 40.0 106.50 106.50 91. 00— 124.50 - 1 6 2 - 3 5 5 4 - 2 4 KEYP UN CH OPERATORS, CLASS A N O NM AN UF AC TU RI NG --------- 45 27 39.0 129.50 126.00 38.5 106. 00 111.00 97. 50-167.00 93.00- 11 8. 50 - _ - - * “ 6 6 3 3 - * 3 3 _ “ 3 3 4 4 KEYP UN CH OPERATORS, CLASS B N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------- 34 32 3 9.0 39.0 99.00 98.50 93.50 92.50 85.50-120. 50 85 .0 0- 12 1. 00 - 3 1 ? _ - 1 1 1 - 9 9 OF FI CE GIRLS ------------------------ 15 39.0 79.00 81.00 4 S E C R E T A R I E S -----------M A N U FA CT UR IN G ------ 181 52 129 o o o CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B M A N U FA CT UR IN G -----------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------- CD 39.5 122.50 118.00 103.00-136.50 39.5 139.00 137.00 122.00-146.00 39.5 113.00 103.50 102.30-126.50 0 1 50 18 32 * CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A MA NU FA CT UR IN G -----------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------- 12 5 2 “ 6 5 2 3 5 5 6 5 2 2 6 2 22 4 39.0 120. 00 113.50 99 .5 0- 13 4. 50 39.0 135.00 127.50 104.50-162.00 39.0 114.00 110.50 98.00- 12 5. 50 _ - 7 - - 3 - 16 - 7 3 12 6 6 _ _ - - 32 30 38.5 113.00 116.00 38.5 114.50 116.50 97.0 0- 12 4. 00 98.3 3- 12 6* 00 _ SE CR ET AR IE S, CLASS C N O N M A N UF AC TU RI NG --- 69 48 39.0 121.00 118.53 106.00-129.50 39.5 121.00 117.50 10 7.00-132.00 _ - - - SECRETARIES, CLASS 0 — N O NM AN UF AC TU RI NG ----- 71 43 39.5 1 19.50 106.00 39.5 101.50 97.00 95.0 0- 15 7. 00 93.0 0- 11 0. 00 _ - STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL ---N O NM AN UF AC TU RI NG -------- 61 53 40.0 101.00 96.50 40.0 85.00-116.00 85 .0 0- 10 6. 00 - 8 18 4 14 7 7 SECRETARIES, CLASS N O N M A N UF AC TU RI NG See footnotes at end of tables. 8 - 92.50 92.00 - 4 18 5 23 23 2 * 1 1 4 2 2 12 3 9 1 2 1 1 _ 1 1 6 - 5 4 3 3 i 6 i i 2 - - - - i - - - - - - - 2 - 1 - 5 - - - 4 - - - - i i - 2 15 1 _ - - - 9 7 i 8 - 7 4 7 7 6 5 5 _ _ - 13 4 2 7 7 3 2 5 4 4 _ - 15 13 6 7 2 2 2 2 9 9 - 14 5 5 14 3 3 3 ii 1 i - 15 _ 8 8 3 - 13 18 6 6 2 11 12 6 6 3 - 22 4 4 i i 3 3 14 12 16 2 6 6 2 2 _ 14 1 1 6 3 12 10 3 3 2 2 3 _ 3 11 9 11 11 3 3 2 2 1 ~ 5 5 3 3 13 n 1 1 - - - 6 5 6 5 5 3 1 1 2 1 _ - - 2 2 _ 1 - “ 1 _ 1 - - " - _ - 1 1 5 1 9 5 - 2 * _ 4 _ - - - 1 1 “ 2 _ - * * _ _ _ 7 T a b l e A -1 . O f f i c e o c c u p a t i o n s — m e n a n d w o m e n ----- C o n t i n u e d (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Spokane, Wash., June 1971) Weekly earnings (standard) Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers * $ 65 Average weekly Mean 2 M edian 2 Middle range2 [standard) Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— t t ( * $ $ * $ t t 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 140 150 160 170 i 180 t 190 200 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 no 115 120 125 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 l l * t i % t * t and under 70 WOMEN - CONT IN UE D j ,L N U o K A r t l L K if j uN 1UIS j W l 1 Ul I13UA K U U r t K A 1 U K u f vL Au j 127.50-155.50 2^ ^0 *0 u 10 1 35 40.0 109.00 106.00 85.00-146.50 2 - - 7 5 i l 1 5 - 2 - - 11 - - - - S W IT CH BO AR O O P ER AT OR -R EC EP TI ON IS TS - 42 52 39.0 1 03.00 39.0 100. 00 90.50 0T. ^0 81.00- 11 2. 00 - - 9 1 5 2 1 2 3 - 1 * - - - 7 - TYPISTS, 50 40.0 90.00 83 .00- 99.00 - 6 5 2 11 11 8 8 9 11 3 ? 1 3 - - - - 5 - - N O N M A N UF AC TU RI NG ----------------- CLASS B --------------------- 95.00 5 * 7 2 See footnotes at end of tables. T a b le A -2 . P ro fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s —m en (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Spokane, Wash. , June 1971) Weekly earnings (standard) Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of woikers 1 Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— t Average weekly M ean 2 M edian2 Middle range2 (standard) t t 135 140 a" d under 140 145 t 145 t 150 150 155 - 2 t 155 160 t t t 160 165 170 165 170 175 t t t 175 180 185 180 185 - 1 193 t t t 190 195 200 205 - - and 195 200 205 over MEN MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- See footnotes at end of tables. 48 $ $ $ 1839.5 185.00 199. 50 170 .00 -2 03 .00 4 — 4 - 2 7 - 1 4 21 2 - 8 T a b le A -3 . O f f i c e , p r o fe s s io n a l, a n d t e c h n ic a l o c c u p a t i o n s — m e n a n d w o m e n c o m b in e d (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Spokane, Wash., June 1971) Average Occupation and industry division Number of workers Weekly earnings 1 (standard) (standard) Weekly OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - OFFICE OCCUPATIONS 99.50 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING------------- 34 32 3 9 .0 39. 0 9 9 .0 0 9 8 .5 0 3 9.0 131.00 4 0.0 141.50 3 9.0 126.50 OFFICE BOYS ANO GIRLS--------NONMANUFACTURING ------------- 24 3 9 .0 39. 5 9 0 . 50 8 8 .0 0 39.5 107.00 4 0.0 113.00 39.5 105.00 SECRETARIES------------MANUFACTURING — NONMANUFACTURING 4 0 .0 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A — MANUFACTURING ----------------------NONMANUF ACTURING------------------ 80 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B MANUFACTURING -----------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------- 97 $ 9 7 .0 0 97. 00 CLERKS, FILE, CLASS C 36 3 9 .5 CLERKS, ORDER --------NONMANUFACTURING 67 66 4 0 .0 114. 00 40.0 1 14.00 CLERKS, PAYROLL ------ 24 39.5 141. 50 7 5 .5 0 Ave rage Occupation and industry division OFFICE OCCUPATIONS $ 106. 50 3 9 .0 19 CONTINUED 45 27 BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B -------------------------------------- 72 Weekl y earnings 1 (standard) KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A NONMANUFACTURING ------------- 3 9.5 3 9.5 25 Weekly hours 1 (standard) 36 26 26 25 55 Number of COMPTOMETER OPERATORS--------- BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORSf CLASS A -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------ See footnotes at end of tables. Ave rage Occupation and industry division 17 4 0 .0 3 8 .5 1 2 9 .5 0 1 0 6 .0 0 182 52 130 3 9 .0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 1 4 .0 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING — ■ 32 30 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 1 1 3 .0 3 1 1 4 .5 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS C --------------------NONMANUFACTURING--------------------------- 70 49 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 1 2 1 .5 0 1 2 1 . 50 SECRETARIES, CLASS D NONMANUFACTURING — 71 43 3 9 .5 1 1 9 .5 0 3 9 .5 1 0 1 .5 0 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 Numb er of Weekl y hours 1 (standard) Weekl y earnings 1 (standard) CONTINUED $ STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------- 61 53 4 0.0 40* 0 STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR ----------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------- 34 25 4 0.0 139. 50 4 0.0 136.00 SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS B ------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------- 35 35 4 0.0 109.00 4 0 .0 109.00 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSNONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 42 32 39.0 103.00 39.0 106.00 TYPISTS, CLASS B -----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 50 45 4 0.0 4 0.0 56 48 39. 5 182.00 39. 5 185.00 00 96.50 101. 95. 00 88.50 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS DRAFTSMEN, CLASS B -------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------------- 9 T a b le A -4 . M a in te n a n c e and p o w e rp la n t o c c u p a tio n s (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Spokane, Wash., June 1971) Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— Hourly earnings3 Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers 1 Mean 2 M edian2 Middle range 2 i 5 3.30 3 .4 0 and under l I I * t I $ i $ t t i i $ t t i $ 3.50 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 3.90 4 .0 0 4. 10 4 .2 0 4 .30 4 .4 0 4 .5 0 4 .6 0 4 .7 0 4 .8 0 4 .9 0 5.00 5 .1 0 5.20 5.30 and 3 .4 0 3 .50 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 3 .9 0 4 ,0 0 4. 10 4 ,20 4 ,3 0 4 .4 0 4 .5 0 4 .6 0 4 .7 0 4 .8 0 4 .9 0 5.00 5 .1 0 5 .2 0 5.30 over MEN CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE ------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------- 48 21 $ 4 .5 4 4 .9 8 $ 4. 40 4 .87 $ $ 4 .0 3 - 4 .8 8 4 .8 3 - 5.15 ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE ---------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------- 129 119 5.17 5.11 5. 16 5.15 5 .1 3 - 5 .1 9 5 .1 2 - 5 .1 8 ENGINEERS, ST ATIONARY --------------N O N M A N UF AC TU RI NG ----------------- 29 15 4 .3 4 3. 86 4.49 3.92 3 .9 1 - 4 .8 6 3 .6 0 - 3 .9 8 MACHINISTS, 1 - MAINTENANCE ------------- 65 5.15 5.15 5 .1 2 - 5.18 MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE! ----------------------MA NU FA CT UR IN G --------------------N O N M A N UF AC TU RI NG ----------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S --------------- 115 32 83 65 4 .50 4.73 4.41 4 .4 0 4. 55 4.76 4.53 4.53 4 .3 7 4 .5 8 4 .1 9 3 .7 9 - MECHANICS, MA INTENANCE -------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------- 258 258 4. 84 4 .84 4.94 4 .94 4 .9 0 - 4 .9 8 4 .9 0 - 4 .98 - 4. 11 4.11 4 .17 4 .17 3 .8 7 - 4 .3 5 3 .8 7 - 4 .35 - M A N U FA CT UR IN G --------------------- 31 31 See footnotes at end of tables. 2 _ - 4 4 - i i - _ - 2 2 5 6 6 16 1 1 - - - - - - - - - 3 - 3 - 3 7 7 9 - 108 108 - - - - - 2 13 2 13 - 1 1 _ 9 3 1 - 1 1 - * 2 2 - - 1 l - - 2 57 4 4 .5 9 4 .9 3 4 .5 7 4 .5 7 18 - - - “ 18 18 - - - - 1 1 _ i i - “ - 1 2 3 7 6 1 2 3 1 - - - i “ - _ _ - - - * - 12 12 9 9 7 7 10 10 _ - ■ 13 13 56 - * 3 53 41 14 14 10 10 _ * 12 12 - - 11 11 - - * - - - 2 2 9 9 3 3 170 _ 30 170 - 30 2 - 6 4 - 3 3 3 - - - 10 T a b le A - 5 . C u s to d ia l an d m a te ria l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a tio n s (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Spokane, Wash., June 1971) Hourly earnings3 Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Mean 2 M edian2 Middle range 2 straight-time hourly earnings f--$ % ( $ t i $ % i $ $ $ 2 .9 0 3.00 3.20 3. 40 3 .6 0 3. 80 4. 00 4 .2 0 4. 40 4.60 4. 80 5.00 and 3 .00 3 .20 3.40 3 .6 0 o CO CO Number of workers receiving % * $ $ t t $ % t 2. 50 2.60 2 .7 0 2. 80 Under 1.90 2.00 2.10 2. 20 2.30 2.40 and * 1.90 under 2.00 2. 10 2.20 2. 30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2. 80 2.90 3 3 9 9 .0 0 4 .20 4 .4 0 4 .60 4.80 5.00 over MEN $ 3. 86 3 .9 4 $ 4 .1 4 4 .15 $ $ 3 .6 4 - 4 .2 2 3 .6 5 - 4 .2 3 JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS ----MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES ----------------------- 246) 2.71 74 3.53 172 2.35 28 3 .33 2.32 3.64 2.18 3 .5 3 2 .1 4 3 .6 1 2 .1 1 2 .9 7 - 3 .60 3.67 2 .4 0 3 .58 10 10 LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING -----------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES----------------------- 255 69 186 61 3 .7 4 3 #44 3.85 4 .3 9 3.77 3.62 3.85 4.71 3 .5 5 3 .5 2 3 .5 7 3 .8 6 - 3 .8 9 3 .67 4 .1 4 4 .7 6 _ ORDER FILLERS ------------------------------------ 121 3 .53 3.61 3 .2 5 - 3 .6 8 PACKERS, SHIPPING------------------------------- 126 3 .75 3.76 3 .7 2 - 3 .85 RECEIVING CLERKS-------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------- 31 26 3.76 3.63 3.68 3.66 3 .3 9 - 4 .1 3 3 .3 8 - 3.83 SHIPPING CLERKS ---------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------- 15 15 3 .7 9 3 .7 9 3.82 3.82 3 .7 4 - 3 .8 9 3 .7 4 - 3.89 TRUCKDRIVERS -------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING--------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES----------------------- 442 106 336 223 4 .5 6 4 .5 7 4 .5 5 4 .6 9 4.81 4.81 4.81 4 .8 4 4 .2 4 4 .1 7 4 .2 5 4 .8 1 - 4 .8 6 4 .8 7 4 .8 6 4 .8 7 4 TRUCKDRIVERS, MEDIUM ( 1 -1 /2 TO AND INCLUDING 4 TONSI -----------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES ----------------------- 222 15 207 178 4 .5 2 4.02 4 . 55 4 .6 5 4.82 4.05 4.83 4 .84 4 .0 0 3 .7 8 3 .9 9 4 .8 1 - 4 .8 6 4 .2 9 4 .8 6 4.87 4 5 TRUCKDRIVERS, HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS, TRAILER TYPE! --------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES----------------------- 144 28 116 45 4 .5 8 4 .55 4 .5 9 4.86 4.58 4.74 4 .5 7 4.85 4 .2 7 4 .1 8 4 .2 8 4 .8 3 - 4 .8 4 4 .8 0 4 .8 4 4 .8 8 9 9 TRUCKERS, POWER (FORKLIFTI -------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------- 293 75 4 .0 7 3 .98 4 . 14 4 .0 3 4 .0 3 - 4 .21 3 .5 8 - 4 .0 8 GUARDS ANC WATCHMEN--------------------------MANUFACTURING-------------------------------- See footnotes at end of tables. 40 38 2 * - “ - - 2 2 “ 22 22 9 2 7 58 58 22 2 20 13 13 5 5 3 3 1 1 5 5 2 - 1 1 2 2 4 2 2 4 4 - ~ - 6 6 - 4 4 4 - 12 12 12 12 “ " “ 63 59 4 4 - - ~ " _ - - “ “ - 33 16 17 54 42 12 7 63 63 14 20 20 - - 5 5 5 35 35 35 - - - 45 12 8 - - - - - 74 15 21 - - - - - - 12 12 2 2 4 4 4 - “ 1 _ 5 5 5 5 3 3 * - - _ * - 48 31 36 28 8 2 53 5 48 “ 38 38 “ 4 4 “ “ ~ “ “ 10 2 8 8 2 2 “ 1 1 1 22 9 13 13 - 2 18 ? 18 2 2 56 - 16 2 2 6 6 2 2 5 _ - 48 4 5 ~ 5 48 12 4 2 “ 48 6 6 31 2 2 13 13 13 12 3 156 43 “ 6 12 12 _ - ” ~ ” 37 32 32 12 12 - 69 - - 38 1 22 8 * 6 “ 2 40 52 188 188 143 143 143 51 6 45 45 8 8 - ~ 6 4 2 ~ - 2 2 * - Footnotes S t a n d a r d h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h i c h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p a y f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , and th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s e w e e k l y h o u r s . T h e m e a n i s c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h j o b b y t o t a l i n g the e a r n i n g s o f a l l w o r k e r s and d i v i d i n g b y th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s . T h e m e d i a n d e s i g n a t e s p o s i t i o n — h a l f o f th e e m p l o y e e s s u r v e y e d r e c e i v e m o r e th an th e r a t e s h o w n ; h a l f r e c e i v e l e s s than th e r a t e s h o w n . T h e m i d d l e r a n g e i s d e f i n e d b y 2 r a t e s o f p a y ; a f o u r t h o f the w o r k e r s e a r n l e s s th an th e l o w e r o f t h e s e r a t e s and a f o u r t h e a r n m o r e th an th e h i g h e r r a t e . E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a nd f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h i f t s . Appendix. Occupational Descriptions The p r im a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r in g jo b d e s c r ip tio n s fo r the B u re a u 's w age s u r v e y s is to a s s is t its fie ld s ta ff in c la s s ify in g into a p p ro p r ia te o c c u p a tio n s w o r k e r s who a r e e m p lo y e d u nd er a v a r ie t y o f p a y r o ll t itle s and d iffe r e n t w o rk a r r a n g e m e n ts fr o m e s ta b lis h m e n t to esta b lis h m e n t and fr o m a r e a to a r e a . T h is p e r m it s the gro u p in g o f o c c u p a tio n a l w age ra te s re p r e s e n tin g c o m p a r a b le jo b co n ten t. B e c a u s e o f this e m p h a sis on in te re s ta b lis h m e n t and in te ra re a c o m p a r a b ilit y o f o cc u p a tio n a l co n te n t, the B u re a u 's jo b d e s c r ip tio n s m ay d iffe r s ig n ific a n tly fr o m th ose in u se in in d ivid u al e sta b lis h m e n ts o r th o se p r e p a r e d f o r o th e r p u r p o s e s . In app lyin g th e s e jo b d e s c r ip t io n s , the B u re a u 's fie ld e c o n o m is t s a r e in s tru cte d to e x clu d e w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s ; a p p r e n tic e s ; le a r n e r s ; b e g in n e r s ; tr a in e e s ; and h an dicap ped, p a r t -t im e , t e m p o r a r y , and p r o b a tio n a r y w o r k e r s . OFFICE B IL L E R , CLERK, M ACHINE P r e p a r e s sta te m e n ts, b i l l s , and in v o ic e s on a m a ch in e o th er than an o r d in a r y o r e l e c t r o m a tic t y p e w r it e r . M ay a ls o k e e p r e c o r d s as to b illin g s o r shipping c h a r g e s o r p e r f o r m oth er c l e r i c a l w o rk in cid en ta l to b illin g o p e r a tio n s . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , b i l l e r s , m a c h in e , a r e c la s s i f ie d b y type o f m a c h in e , a s fo llo w s : B ille r , m a ch in e (b illin g m a c h in e ). U se s a s p e c ia l b illin g m a ch in e (M o o n H opkin s, E llio tt F is h e r , B u rr o u g h s , e t c ., w h ich a r e c o m b in a tio n typing and adding m a ch in e s ) to p r e p a r e b ills and in v o ic e s f r o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u r c h a s e o r d e r s , in te rn a lly p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , shipping m e m o r a n d u m s, e t c . U su a lly in v o lv e s a p p lic a tio n o f p r e d e te r m in e d d is c o u n ts and shipping c h a r g e s , and e n try o f n e c e s s a r y e x te n s io n s , w h ich m a y o r m a y not be co m p u te d on the b illin g m a ch in e , and to ta ls w h ich a r e a u to m a tica lly a c c u m u la te d b y m a c h in e . The o p e r a tio n u s u a lly in v o lv e s a la r g e n u m b er o f c a r b o n c o p ie s o f the b ill be in g p r e p a r e d and is o fte n done on a fa n fo ld m a ch in e. B i l le r , m a ch in e (b ook k eep in g m a c h in e ). U se s a boo k k e e p in g m a ch in e (S u n dstran d , E llio tt F is h e r , R em in gto n Rand, e t c ., w h ich m a y o r m a y not have ty p e w rite r k e y b o a rd ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b ills as p a rt o f the a c c o u n ts r e c e iv a b le o p e r a tio n . G e n e r a lly in v o lv e s t,he s im u lta n eous e n try o f fig u r e s on c u s t o m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d . The m a ch in e a u to m a tica lly a c c u m u la te s fig u r e s on a nu m ber o f v e r t ic a l c o lu m n s and co m p u te s , and u s u a lly p rin ts a u to m a tica lly the d e b it o r c r e d it b a la n c e s . D o e s not in v o lv e a k n ow ledge o f b o o k k e e p in g . W o rk s f r o m u n ifo rm and stan dard ty p e s o f s a le s and c r e d it s lip s . C la s s B . S o r ts , c o d e s , and f il e s u n c la s s ifie d m a t e r ia l by s im p le (s u b je c t m a tter) h e a d ing s " o r - p a r tly c la s s i f ie d m a t e r ia l b y fin e r su b h ea d in gs. P r e p a r e s s im p le r e la te d in d ex and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e a id s . A s r e q u e s te d , lo c a t e s c le a r l y id e n tifie d m a t e r ia l in f il e s and fo r w a r d s m a t e r ia l. M ay p e r f o r m r e la te d c l e r i c a l ta s k s r e q u ir e d to m ain tain and s e r v ic e f il e s . C la s s C . P e r f o r m s rou tin e filin g o f m a t e r ia l that has a lr e a d y b e e n c la s s i f ie d o r w h ich is e a s ily c la s s i f ie d in a s im p le s e r ia l c la s s if ic a t io n s y s te m ( e .g ., a lp h a b e tic a l, c h r o n o lo g ic a l, o r n u m e r ic a l). A s r e q u e s te d , lo c a te s r e a d ily a v a ila b le m a t e r ia l in f il e s and fo r w a r d s m a t e r ia l; and m a y f i l l out w ith draw al c h a r g e . P e r f o r m s s im p le c l e r i c a l and m anual ta sk s r e q u ir e d to m ain tain and s e r v ic e f il e s . CLERK, O p e ra te s a bo o k k e e p in g m a ch in e (R e m in g to n Rand, E llio tt F is h e r , Sun dstrand, B u rr o u g h s , N ational C a sh R e g is t e r , w ith o r w ithout a t y p e w rite r k e yb o a rd ) to k e e p a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s t r a n s a c t io n s . C la s s A . K e e p s a set o f r e c o r d s r e q u ir in g a k n ow led ge o f and e x p e r ie n c e in b a s ic book k eep in g p r in c ip le s , and f a m ilia r it y w ith the s tr u c tu re o f the p a r t ic u la r a cco u n tin g s y s te m u s e d . D e te r m in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d is trib u tio n o f d e b it and c r e d it ite m s to be u se d in e a ch ph a se o f the w o rk . M ay p r e p a r e c o n s o lid a te d r e p o r t s , b a la n ce s h e e ts , and o th er r e c o r d s b y hand. CLERK, C la s s B. K eep s a r e c o r d o f one o r m o r e p h a se s o r s e c t io n s o f a set o f r e c o r d s u s u a lly r e q u ir in g little k n ow ledge o f b a s ic b o o k k e e p in g . P h a s e s o r s e c t io n s in clu d e a c c o u n ts p a y a b le , p a y r o ll, c u s t o m e r s ' a cco u n ts (not in clu d in g a s im p le type o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d u nd er b i ll e r , m a c h in e ), c o s t d is trib u tio n , e x p e n s e d is trib u tio n , in v e n to r y c o n t r o l, e t c . M ay c h e c k o r a s s is t in p r e p a r a tio n o f t r ia l b a la n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n t r o l sh e e ts f o r the a cco u n tin g d e p a rtm e n t. A C CO U N TIN G C la s s A . U nder g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n o f a b o o k k e e p e r o r a cco u n ta n t, has r e s p o n s ib ilit y fo r k eep in g one o r m o r e s e c t io n s o f a c o m p le te s e t o f b o o k s o r r e c o r d s r e la tin g to one phase o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t 's b u s in e s s t r a n s a c t io n s . W ork in v o lv e s p ostin g and b a la n cin g s u b s id ia r y le d g e r o r le d g e r s su ch as a cco u n ts r e c e iv a b le o r a c c o u n ts p a y a b le ; exa m in in g and co d in g in v o ic e s o r v o u c h e r s w ith p r o p e r a cco u n tin g d is trib u tio n ; and r e q u ir e s ju d gm en t and e x p e r i e n ce in m aking p r o p e r a s s ig n a tio n s and a llo c a t io n s . M ay a s s i s t in p r e p a r in g , ad ju stin g , and c lo s in g jo u r n a l e n t r ie s ; and m a y d i r e c t c la s s B a cco u n tin g c le r k s . PAYROLL C o m p u te s w a ges o f co m p a n y e m p lo y e e s and e n te r s the n e c e s s a r y data on the p a y r o ll s h e e ts . D uties in v o lv e : C a lcu la tin g w o r k e r s ' e a r n in g s b a s e d on tim e o r p r o d u c tio n r e c o r d s ; and p o stin g c a lcu la te d data on p a y r o ll s h eet, show in g in fo r m a tio n such as w o r k e r 's n a m e, w ork in g d a y s , t im e , r a te , d e d u ctio n s f o r in s u r a n c e , and total w a g e s due. M ay m ake out p a y c h e c k s and a s s i s t p a y m a s te r in m aking up and d is trib u tin g pay e n v e lo p e s . M ay use a c a lcu la tin g m a ch in e . CO M PTOM ETER OPER ATOR P r im a r y duty is to o p e r a te a C o m p to m e te r to p e r f o r m m a th e m a tica l c o m p u ta tio n s . T h is jo b is not to be co n fu s e d w ith that o f s t a t is t ic a l o r oth er type o f c le r k , w h ich m a y in v o lv e f r e quent use o f a C o m p to m e te r but, in w h ich , u se o f th is m a ch in e is in cid en ta l to p e r fo r m a n c e o f othe r dutie s . K EYPU N C H O P E R A T O R C la s s B. U nder s u p e r v is io n , p e r fo r m s one o r m o r e rou tin e a cco u n tin g o p e r a tio n s such as postin g s im p le jo u r n a l v o u c h e r s o r a c c o u n ts paya ble v o u c h e r s , e n te rin g v o u c h e r s in v o u c h e r r e g i s t e r s ; r e c o n c ilin g bank a c c o u n ts ; and p o stin g s u b s id ia r y le d g e r s c o n t r o lle d by g e n e r a l l e d g e r s , o r p o stin g s im p le c o s t a cco u n tin g data. T h is jo b d o e s not r e q u ir e a k n o w l ed ge of a ccou n tin g and boo k k e e p in g p r in c ip le s but is found in o f fi c e s in w h ich the m o r e rou tin e a ccou n tin g w o rk is su b d ivid e d on a fu n ctio n a l b a s is a m on g s e v e r a l w o r k e r s . ORDER R e c e iv e s c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s f o r m a t e r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e b y m a il, ph on e, o r p e r s o n a lly . D u ties in v o lv e an y c o m b in a tio n o f the f o llo w in g : Q uoting p r i c e s to c u s t o m e r s ; m ak in g out an o r d e r sh e e t lis tin g the ite m s to m ake up the o r d e r ; c h e ck in g p r i c e s and qu a n tities o f ite m s on o r d e r sh eet; and d is trib u tin g o r d e r sh e e ts to r e s p e c t iv e d e p a rtm e n ts to be f ille d . M ay c h e c k w ith c r e d it d e p a rtm e n t to d e te r m in e c r e d it ratin g o f c u s t o m e r , a ck n ow led g e r e c e ip t o f o r d e r s f r o m c u s t o m e r s , f o llo w up o r d e r s to see that th e y have been f il l e d , k e e p file o f o r d e r s r e c e iv e d , and c h e c k shipping i n v o ic e s w ith o r ig in a l o r d e r s . B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R CLERK, F IL E C la s s A . In an e s ta b lis h e d filin g s y s te m con tain in g a nu m ber o f v a r ie d s u b je c t m a tte r f i l e s , c l a s s i f ie s and in d e x e s f ile m a t e r ia l such as c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , r e p o r t s , te c h n ica l d o c u m e n ts , e t c . M ay a l s o file th is m a t e r ia l. M ay k eep r e c o r d s of v a r io u s ty p es in co n ju n ctio n w ith the f il e s . M ay le a d a sm a ll g rou p of lo w e r le v e l f ile c le r k s . 13 C la s s A . O p e ra te s a n u m e r ic a l a n d /o r a lp h a b e tic a l o r com b in a tio n keypu n ch m a ch in e to t r a n s c r ib e data f r o m v a r io u s s o u r c e d o c u m e n ts to k eypu nch tabulating c a r d s . P e r f o r m s sam e ta sk s as lo w e r le v e l keypu n ch o p e r a t o r but, in a d d ition , w o rk r e q u ir e s a p p lic a t io n o f c od in g s k ills and the m aking o f s o m e d e te r m in a tio n s , f o r e x a m p le , l o c a t e s on the s o u r c e d ocu m en t the ite m s to be punched; e x t r a c t s in fo r m a tio n f r o m s e v e r a l d o c u m e n ts ; and s e a r c h e s f o r and in t e r p r e t s in fo r m a tio n on the d o c u m e n t to d e te r m in e in fo r m a tio n to be pu n ch ed. M ay tra in in e x p e r ie n c e d o p e r a t o r s . 14 K EYP U N C H O P E R A T O R — C on tinued C la s s B. U nder c lo s e s u p e r v is io n o r fo llo w in g s p e c i fi c p r o c e d u r e s o r in s t r u c t io n s , t r a n s c r ib e s data f r o m s o u r c e d o c u m e n ts to punched c a r d s . O p e ra te s a n u m e r ic a l a n d /o r a lp h a b e tic a l o r co m b in a tio n keypu n ch m a ch in e to k eypu nch tabulating c a r d s . M ay v e r i fy c a r d s . W orking fr o m v a r io u s s ta n d a rd iz e d s o u r c e d o c u m e n ts , f o llo w s s p e c ifie d s e q u e n c e s w h ich have b e e n c o d e d o r p r e s c r ib e d in d e ta il and r e q u ir e little o r no s e le c t in g , c o d in g , o r in te rp re tin g o f data to be pun ch ed. P r o b le m s a r is in g f r o m e r r o n e o u s ite m s o r c o d e s , m is s in g in fo r m a tio n , e t c ., a r e r e f e r r e d to s u p e r v is o r . SE C R E T A R Y — C on tinued d. S e c r e t a r y to the h ead o f an in d iv id u a l plan t, f a c t o r y , e tc . ( o r o th e r eq u iv a len t le v e l o f o ffic ia l) that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r e. S e c r e t a r y to the h ead o f a la r g e and im p o rta n t o r g a n iz a t io n a l se g m e n t ( e .g ., a m id d le m a n a ge m e n t s u p e r v is o r o f an o r g a n iz a tio n a l se g m e n t o fte n in v o lv in g as m a n y as s e v e r a l hu n dred p e r s o n s ) o f a c o m p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 25, 000 p e r s o n s . C la s s O F F IC E BOY OR G IR L P e r f o r m s v a r io u s ro u tin e d u ties su ch as running e r r a n d s , o p e ra tin g m in o r o f fic e m a ch in es su ch as s e a le r s o r m a i le r s , opening and d is trib u tin g m a il, and o th e r m in o r c l e r i c a l w o rk . SECRETARY A s s ig n e d as p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o r m a lly to one in d iv id u a l. M aintain s a c lo s e and h ig h ly r e s p o n s iv e r e la tio n s h ip to the d a y - t o -d a y w o r k a c t iv it ie s o f the s u p e r v is o r . W orks f a ir l y in d e pen d en tly r e c e iv in g a m in im u m o f d e ta ile d s u p e r v is io n and g u id a n ce . P e r f o r m s v a r ie d c le r i c a l and s e c r e t a r i a l d u tie s , u s u a lly in clu d in g m o s t o f the fo ll o w i n g : (a) R e c e iv e s te le p h o n e c a l ls , p e r s o n a l c a l l e r s , and in c o m in g m a il, a n s w e r s rou tin e in q u ir ie s , and r o u te s the t e c h n ic a l in q u ir ie s to the p r o p e r p e r s o n s ; (b) e s t a b lis h e s , m a in ta in s , and r e v i s e s the s u p e r v i s o r 's f il e s ; (c) m ain tain s the s u p e r v i s o r 's c a le n d a r and m a k e s ap p o in tm e n ts as in s tr u c t e d ; (d) r e la y s m e s s a g e s f r o m s u p e r v i s o r to s u b o r d in a te s ; (e) r e v ie w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m e m o r a n d u m s , and r e p o r t s p r e p a r e d b y o th e r s f o r the s u p e r v i s o r 's sig n a tu re to a s s u r e p r o c e d u r a l and ty p o g r a p h ic a c c u r a c y ; and (f) p e r f o r m s ste n o g r a p h ic and typing w o rk . M ay a ls o p e r f o r m o th e r c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r i a l ta s k s o f c o m p a r a b le nature and d iffic u lt y . The w o r k t y p ic a lly r e q u ir e s k n ow led ge o f o f fic e ro u tin e and u n d erstan d in g o f the o r g a n iz a tio n , p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s r e la te d to the w o rk o f the s u p e r v is o r . E x clu s io n s Not a ll p o s itio n s that a r e title d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the a b o v e c h a r a c t e r is t i c s . E x a m p le s o f p o s it io n s w h ich a r e e x c lu d e d fr o m the d e fin itio n a r e as f o llo w s : (a) P o s it io n s w h ich d o not m e e t the " p e r s o n a l " s e c r e t a r y c o n c e p t d e s c r ib e d a b o v e ; (b) s te n o g r a p h e r s not fu lly tr a in e d in s e c r e t a r ia l type d u tie s ; (c) s te n o g r a p h e r s s e r v in g as o f fic e a s s is ta n t s to a g r o u p o f p r o f e s s io n a l, te c h n ic a l, o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n s ; (d) s e c r e t a r y p o s it io n s in w h ich the d u tie s a r e e ith e r s u b s ta n tia lly m o r e rou tin e o r su b s ta n tia lly m o r e c o m p le x and r e s p o n s ib le than th o s e c h a r a c t e r iz e d in the d e fin itio n ; and (e) a s s is ta n t type p o s itio n s w h ich in v o lv e m o r e d iffic u lt o r m o r e r e s p o n s ib le te c h n ic a l, a d m in is t r a t iv e , s u p e r v is o r y , o r s p e c ia liz e d c l e r i c a l du tie s w h ich a r e not ty p ic a l o f s e c r e t a r i a l w o rk . N O T E : The t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r , " u s e d in the le v e l d e fin itio n s fo llo w in g , r e fe r s to th ose o f fi c ia ls w ho have a s ig n ific a n t c o r p o r a t e -w id e p o lic y m a k in g r o le w ith r e g a r d to m a jo r co m p a n y a c t iv it ie s . The title " v i c e p r e s i d e n t ," though n o r m a lly in d ica tiv e o f this r o le , d o e s not in a ll c a s e s id e n tify su ch p o s it io n s . V ic e p r e s id e n t s w h o se p r im a r y r e s p o n s ib ilit y is to a c t p e r s o n a lly on in d ivid u a l c a s e s o r tr a n s a c t io n s ( e .g ., a p p ro v e o r d e n y in divid u al loan o r c r e d it a c t io n s ; a d m in is te r in d ivid u a l tr u s t a c c o u n t s ; d ir e c t l y s u p e r v is e a c l e r i c a l staff) a r e not c o n s id e r e d to be " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " f o r p u r p o s e s o f ap p lyin g the fo llo w in g le v e l d e fin it io n s . C la s s A a ll, a. S e c r e t a r y t o the c h a ir m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t o f a co m p a n y that e m p lo y s , in o v e r 100 but fe w e r than 5, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r of b . S e c r e t a r y t o a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r (o th e r than the ch a ir m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t) a c o m p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5, 000 but fe w e r than 25, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r c. S e c r e t a r y to the h ead (im m e d ia t e ly b e lo w the c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r le v e l) o f a m a jo r se g m e n t o r s u b s id ia r y o f a c o m p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 25, 000 p e r s o n s . C la s s B a ll, a. S e c r e t a r y t o the c h a ir m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t o f a co m p a n y that e m p lo y s , in fe w e r than 100 p e r s o n s ; o r of b. S e c r e t a r y t o a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r (o th e r than the ch a ir m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t) a co m p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but fe w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r c. S e c r e t a r y t o the h ead (im m e d ia t e ly b e lo w the o f f i c e r le v e l) o v e r e ith e r a m a jo r c o r p o r a t e -w id e fu n c tio n a l a c t iv it y ( e .g ., m a r k e tin g , r e s e a r c h , o p e r a t io n s , in d u s tr ia l r e la t io n s , e t c .) or~a m a jo r g e o g r a p h ic o r o r g a n iz a tio n a l se g m e n t ( e .g . , a r e g io n a l h e a d q u a r te r s ; a m a jo r d iv isio n ) o f a c o m p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5, 000 but fe w e r than 25, 000 e m p lo y e e s ; or C a. S e c r e t a r y to an e x e c u tiv e o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n w h o s e r e s p o n s ib ilit y is not equ iva len t to one o f the s p e c i f i c l e v e l s itu a tion s in the d e fin itio n f o r c la s s B, but w h o s e su b ord in a te sta ff n o r m a lly n u m b e r s at le a s t s e v e r a l d o z e n e m p lo y e e s and is u s u a lly d iv id e d in to o r g a n iz a tio n a l se g m e n ts w h ich a r e o fte n , in tu rn , fu r th e r s u b d iv id ed . In s o m e c o m p a n ie s , th is l e v e l in clu d e s a w id e ra n ge o f o r g a n iz a tio n a l e c h e lo n s ; in o t h e r s , on ly on e o r tw o ; c>r b. S e c r e t a r y to the h e a d o f an in d iv id u a l plan t, f a c t o r y , e tc . (o r o th e r eq u iv a len t l e v e l o f o ffic ia l) that e m p lo y s , in a ll, fe w e r than 5, 000 p e r s o n s . C la s s D a. S e c r e t a r y to the s u p e r v is o r o r h ead o f a s m a ll o r g a n iz a t io n a l unit ( e .g ., fe w e r than about 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ) ; £ r b. S e c r e t a r y to a n o n s u p e r v is o r y s ta ff s p e c ia lis t , p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p lo y e e , a d m in is tr a tiv e o f f i c e r , o r a s s is ta n t , s k ille d t e c h n ic ia n o r e x p e r t. (N O T E ; M any c o m p a n ie s a s s ig n s t e n o g r a p h e r s , ra th e r than s e c r e t a r i e s as d e s c r ib e d a b o v e , to this l e v e l o f s u p e r v is o r y o r n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r .) STEN OGRAPH ER, GENERAL P r im a r y duty is to take d ic ta tio n in v o lv in g a n o r m a l rou tin e v o c a b u la r y f r o m one o r m o r e p e r s o n s e ith e r in sh orthand o r b y S tenotype o r s im ila r m a c h in e ; and t r a n s c r ib e d ic ta tio n . M ay a ls o type f r o m w ritte n c o p y . M ay m ain tain f i l e s , k e e p s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m oth er r e la t iv e ly rou tin e c l e r i c a l t a s k s . M ay o p e r a te f r o m a ste n o g r a p h ic p o o l. D o e s not in clu d e t r a n s c r ib in g m a ch in e w o rk . (S ee t r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r .) STEN OG RAPH ER, SENIOR P r im a r y duty is t o take d ic ta tio n in v o lv in g a v a r ie d t e c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y su ch as in le g a l b r i e fs o r r e p o r t s on s c ie n t if ic r e s e a r c h f r o m one o r m o r e p e r s o n s e ith e r in s h o r t hand o r b y Stenotype o r s im ila r m a c h in e ; and t r a n s c r ib e d ic ta tio n . M ay a ls o type f r o m w ritten copy. M ay a l s o s e t up and m ain tain f i l e s , k e e p r e c o r d s , e t c . OR P e r f o r m s ste n o g r a p h ic d u ties r e q u ir in g s ig n ific a n tly g r e a t e r in d ep en d en ce and r e s p o n s i b ilit y than s te n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l as e v id e n c e d b y the f o llo w in g : W ork r e q u ir e s high d e g r e e of ste n o g r a p h ic s p e e d and a c c u r a c y ; and a th orou gh w ork in g k n ow led ge of g e n e r a l b u s in e s s and o ffic e p r o c e d u r e s and o f the s p e c i fi c b u s in e s s o p e r a t io n s , o r g a n iz a tio n , p o l ic i e s , p r o c e d u r e s , f i l e s , w o rk flo w , e t c . U s e s th is k n ow led ge in p e r fo r m in g ste n o g r a p h ic d u ties and r e s p o n s ib le c l e r i c a l ta sk s such a s , m a in tain in g fo llo w u p f i l e s ; a s s e m b lin g m a t e r ia l f o r r e p o r t s , m e m o r a n d u m s , le t t e r s , e t c .; c o m p o s in g s im p le le tt e r s f r o m g e n e r a l in s t r u c t io n s ; r e a d in g and rou tin g in c o m in g m a il; and a n s w e rin g ro u tin e q u e s tio n s , e t c . D oes not in clu d e t r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e w ork . S W ITC H B O A R D O P E R A T O R C la s s A . O p e r a te s a s in g le - o r m u ltip le -p o s it io n telep h on e s w itc h b o a r d han dling in c o m in g , o u tg o in g , in tra p la n t o r o f f i c e c a l ls . P e r f o r m s fu ll te le p h o n e in fo r m a t io n s e r v ic e o r han dles c o m p le x c a l l s , su ch as c o n f e r e n c e , c o ll e c t , o v e r s e a s , o r s im ila r c a l ls , e ith e r in a d d ition to doin g ro u tin e w o r k as d e s c r ib e d f o r s w itc h b o a r d o p e r a t o r , c la s s B , o r as a fu ll- t im e a s s ig n m e n t. ( " F u l l" te le p h o n e in fo r m a t io n s e r v i c e o c c u r s w hen the e s ta b lis h m e n t has v a r ie d fu n ctio n s that a r e not r e a d ily u n d ersta n d a b le f o r te le p h o n e in fo r m a tio n p u r p o s e s , e . g ., b e c a u s e o f o v e r la p p in g o r in t e r r e la t e d fu n c tio n s , and c o n s e q u e n tly p r e s e n t fre q u e n t p r o b le m s as to w h ic h e x te n s io n s a r e a p p ro p r ia te f o r c a l ls .) C la s s B . O p e r a te s a s in g le - o r m u ltip le -p o s it io n te le p h o n e s w itc h b o a r d han dlin g in c o m in g , o u tg o in g , in tra p la n t o r o f f i c e c a l ls . M a y h an dle rou tin e lon g d is ta n c e c a l ls and r e c o r d t o lls . M ay p e r f o r m lim it e d te le p h o n e in fo r m a t io n s e r v ic e . ( " L im i t e d " te le p h o n e in fo r m a t io n s e r v ic e o c c u r s i f the fu n ctio n s o f the e s ta b lis h m e n t s e r v ic e d a r e r e a d ily u n d ers ta n d a b le f o r telep h on e in fo r m a tio n p u r p o s e s , o r i f the r e q u e s ts a r e ro u tin e , e .g ., g ivin g e x te n s io n n u m b e r s w hen s p e c i fi c n a m e s a r e fu r n is h e d , o r i f c o m p le x c a l ls a r e r e f e r r e d to a n oth er o p e r a t o r .) 15 S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E In a d d i t io n t o p e r f o r m i n g d u t ie s o f o p e r a t o r o n a s i n g l e - p o s i t i o n o r m o n i t o r - t y p e s w i t c h b o a r d , a c ts a s r e c e p t io n is t and m a y a ls o ty p e o r p e r f o r m ro u tin e c l e r i c a l w o r k a s p a rt o f r e g u la r d u tie s. T h is t y p in g o r c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y ta k e th e m a j o r p a r t o f t h is w o r k e r 's t im e w h il e at sw itc h b o a r d . O P E R A T O R ---- C o n t in u e d C la s s C . O p e r a t e s s i m p l e t a b u la t in g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t i n g m a c h in e s s u c h a s t h e s o r t e r , r e p r o d u c i n g p u n c h , c o l l a t o r , e t c . , w it h s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t i o n s . M a y in c lu d e s i m p l e w ir in g fr o m d ia g r a m s and s o m e filin g w o r k . T h e w o r k t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s p o r t io n s o f a w o r k u n it , f o r e x a m p l e , in d iv id u a l s o r t i n g o r c o l l a t i n g r u n s o r r e p e t i t i v e o p e r a t i o n s . T R A N S C R I B I N G -M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R , T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E GENERAL O PERATOR C la s s A . O p e r a t e s a v a r i e t y o f t a b u la t in g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s , t y p i c a l l y in c lu d in g s u c h m a c h in e s a s th e t a b u l a t o r , c a l c u l a t o r , i n t e r p r e t e r , c o l l a t o r , arid o t h e r s . P e r f o r m s c o m p l e t e r e p o r t i n g a s s i g n m e n t s w it h o u t c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n , and p e r f o r m s d i f f i c u l t w ir in g a s r e q u ir e d . T h e c o m p l e t e r e p o r t i n g a n d t a b u la t in g a s s i g n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e a v a r i e t y o f lo n g a n d c o m p l e x r e p o r t s w h ic h o f t e n a r e o f i r r e g u l a r o r n o n r e c u r r i n g t y p e r e q u ir in g s o m e p la n n in g a n d s e q u e n c i n g o f s t e p s t o b e t a k e n . A s a m o r e e x p e r i e n c e d o p e r a t o r , is t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e d in t r a in i n g n e w o p e r a t o r s in m a c h in e o p e r a t i o n s , o r p a r t i a l l y t r a in e d o p e r a t o r s in w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s a n d o p e r a t i n g s e q u e n c e s o f lo n g a n d c o m p l e x r e p o r t s . D o e s n o t in c lu d e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s p e r f o r m i n g t a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t i o n s a n d d a y - t o d a y s u p e r v is io n o f th e w o r k and p r o d u c t io n o f a g r o u p o f t a b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s . C l a s s B . O p e r a t e s m o r e d i f f i c u l t t a b u la t in g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t i n g m a c h in e s s u c h a s th e t a b u l a t o r a n d c a l c u l a t o r , in a d d i t io n t o th e s o r t e r , r e p r o d u c e r , a n d c o l l a t o r . T h is w o r k is p e r f o r m e d u n d e r s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t i o n s a n d m a y in c lu d e t h e p e r f o r m a n c e o f s o m e w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s . T h e w o r k t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e s , f o r e x a m p l e , t a b u la t io n s in v o l v i n g a r e p e t it iv e a c c o u n t i n g e x e r c i s e , a c o m p l e t e bu t s m a l l t a b u la t in g s t u d y , o r p a r t s o f a l o n g e r a n d m o r e c o m p l e x r e p o r t . S u c h r e p o r t s a n d s t u d ie s a r e u s u a l ly o f a r e c u r r i n g n a t u r e w h e r e th e p r o c e d u r e s a r e w e ll e s t a b lis h e d . M a y a l s o in c lu d e th e t r a in i n g o f n e w e m p l o y e e s in th e b a s i c o p e r a t i o n o f th e m a c h in e . P r i m a r y d u ty i s t o t r a n s c r i b e d i c t a t i o n in v o l v i n g a n o r m a l r o u t i n e v o c a b u l a r y f r o m t r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e r e c o r d s . M a y a ls o ty p e fr o m w r it te n c o p y and d o s im p le c l e r i c a l w o r k . W o r k e r s t r a n s c r i b i n g d i c t a t i o n in v o l v i n g a v a r i e d t e c h n i c a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y s u c h a s l e g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s o n s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h a r e n o t i n c lu d e d . A w o r k e r w h o t a k e s d i c t a t i o n in s h o r t h a n d o r b y S t e n o t y p e o r s i m i l a r m a c h in e is c l a s s i f i e d a s a s t e n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l . T Y P IS T U s e s a t y p e w r i t e r t o m a k e c o p i e s o f v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l o r t o m a k e ou t b i l l s a f t e r c a l c u l a t io n s h a v e b e e n m a d e b y a n o t h e r p e r s o n . M a y in c lu d e t y p in g o f s t e n c i l s , m a t s , o r s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s f o r u s e in d u p li c a t in g p r o c e s s e s . M a y d o c l e r i c a l w o r k in v o l v i n g li t t le s p e c i a l t r a in i n g , s u c h a s k e e p in g s i m p l e r e c o r d s , f i l i n g r e c o r d s a n d r e p o r t s , o r s o r t i n g a n d d i s t r i b u t i n g i n c o m i n g m a i l . C la s s A . P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : T y p in g m a t e r i a l in f i n a l f o r m w h e n it i n v o l v e s c o m b in i n g m a t e r i a l f r o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s o r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r c o r r e c t s p e l l i n g , s y l l a b i c a t i o n , p u n c t u a t io n , e t c . , o f t e c h n i c a l o r u n u s u a l w o r d s o r f o r e i g n la n g u a g e m a t e r i a l ; a n d p la n n in g la y o u t a n d t y p in g o f c o m p l i c a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l t a b l e s t o m a in t a in u n i f o r m i t y a n d b a l a n c e in s p a c in g . M a y t y p e r o u t i n e f o r m l e t t e r s v a r y i n g d e t a i l s t o s u it c i r c u m s t a n c e s . C l a s s B . P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : C o p y t y p in g f r o m r o u g h o r c l e a r d r a f t s ; r o u t i n e t y p in g o f f o r m s , in s u r a n c e p o l i c i e s , e t c . ; a n d s e t t in g up s i m p l e s t a n d a r d t a b u l a t i o n s , o r c o p y in g m o r e c o m p l e x t a b l e s a l r e a d y s e t u p a n d s p a c e d p r o p e r l y . P R O F E S S IO N A L AN D T E C H N IC A L COM PUTER O PE R A T O R COM PUTER PROGRAM ER, M o n ito r s and o p e r a t e s the c o n t r o l c o n s o le o f a d ig ita l co m p u te r to p r o c e s s data a c c o r d in g to o p e ra tin g in s t r u c t io n s , u s u a lly p r e p a r e d b y a p r o g r a m e r . W o r k in clu d e s m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : S tudies in s tru ctio n s to d e te r m in e equ ip m e n t setup and o p e r a t io n s ; lo a d s e q u ip m en t w ith r e q u ir e d ite m s (tape r e e ls , c a r d s , e t c .) ; s w itc h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x ilia r y equ ipm en t into c ir c u i t , and sta rts and o p e r a te s c o m p u t e r ; m a k e s a d ju stm e n ts to co m p u te r to c o r r e c t o p e ra tin g p r o b le m s and m e e t s p e c ia l c o n d itio n s ; r e v ie w s e r r o r s m ad e during o p e r a tio n and d e te r m in e s c a u s e o r r e fe r s p r o b le m to s u p e r v is o r o r p r o g r a m e r ; and m ain tain s o p e ra tin g r e c o r d s . M ay t e s t and a s s is t in c o r r e c t in g program . C o n v e r ts sta te m e n ts o f b u s in e s s p r o b le m s , t y p ic a lly p r e p a r e d b y a s y s t e m s a n a ly s t, into a s e q u e n c e o f d e ta ile d in s tr u c tio n s w h ich a r e r e q u ir e d to s o lv e the p r o b le m s b y a u tom a tic data p r o c e s s in g e qu ip m en t. W ork in g f r o m c h a r ts o r d ia g r a m s , the p r o g r a m e r d e v e lo p s the p r e c is e in s tru ctio n s w h ich , w hen e n te r e d into the co m p u te r s y s t e m in c o d e d la n g u a g e, c a u s e the m a n ip u la tio n o f data to a c h ie v e d e s ir e d r e s u lts . W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : A p p lie s k n ow led ge o f co m p u te r c a p a b ilit ie s , m a t h e m a t ic s , lo g ic e m p lo y e d b y c o m p u t e r s , and p a r t ic u la r s u b je c t m a tter in v o lv e d to a n a ly z e c h a r ts and d ia g r a m s o f the p r o b le m to b e p r o g r a m e d . D e v e lo p s s e q u e n c e o f p r o g r a m s te p s , w r it e s d e ta ile d flo w c h a r ts to show o r d e r in w h ich data w ill b e p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r t s th e s e c h a r ts to c o d e d in s tru ctio n s f o r m a ch in e to fo llo w ; te s t s and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in s tr u c tio n s f o r o p e ra tin g p e r s o n n e l du rin g p r o d u c t io n run; a n a ly z e s , r e v ie w s , and a lt e r s p r o g r a m s t o i n c r e a s e o p e r a tin g e f fi c ie n c y o r adapt to new r e q u ir e m e n ts ; m a in ta in s r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e v e lo p m e n t and r e v is io n s . (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g both s y s t e m s a n a ly s is and p r o g ra m in g sh ou ld b e c la s s i f ie d as s y s te m s a n a ly s ts if th is is the s k ill u s e d to d e te r m in e t h e ir p a y .) F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , c o m p u te r o p e r a t o r s a r e c la s s i f ie d as fo llo w s ; C la s s A . O p e r a te s in d ep en d en tly, o r under o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n , a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f the fo llo w in g c h a r a c t e r is t i c s : N ew p r o g r a m s a r e fre q u e n tly t e s te d and in tro d u c e d ; sch ed u lin g r e q u ir e m e n ts a r e o f c r it i c a l im p o r t a n c e to m in im iz e d o w n tim e ; the p r o g r a m s a r e o f c o m p le x d e s ig n s o that id e n tific a tio n o f e r r o r s o u r c e o fte n re q u ire s a w o rk in g k n ow led ge o f the to ta l p r o g r a m , and a lte rn a te p r o g r a m s m a y not b e a v a ila b le . M ay g iv e d ir e c t io n and gu id a n ce t o lo w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s . C la s s B . O p e r a te s in d e p e n d e n tly, o r u nd er o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n , a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f the fo llo w in g c h a r a c t e r is t i c s : M o s t o f the p r o g r a m s a r e e s ta b lis h e d p r o d u c tio n ru n s, t y p ic a lly run on a r e g u la r ly r e c u r r in g b a s i s ; th e r e is lit t le o r no te stin g o f new p r o g r a m s r e q u ir e d ; alte rn a te p r o g r a m s a r e p r o v id e d in c a s e o r ig in a l p r o g r a m n eed s m a jo r change o r cannot be c o r r e c t e d w ith in a r e a s o n a b le t im e . In c o m m o n e r r o r s itu a tio n s , d ia g n o s e s c a u s e and tak es c o r r e c t i v e a ctio n . T h is u s u a lly in v o lv e s app lyin g p r e v io u s ly p r o g r a m e d c o r r e c t i v e s te p s , o r u sin g stan dard c o r r e c t i o n te c h n iq u e s . BUSINESS D o e s not in clu d e e m p lo y e e s p r im a r ily r e s p o n s ib le f o r the m a n agem en t o r s u p e r v is io n o f o th e r e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g (E D P ) e m p lo y e e s , o r p r o g r a m e r s p r im a r ily c o n c e r n e d w ith s c ie n t if ic a n d /o r e n g in e e rin g p r o b le m s . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , p r o g r a m e r s a r e c la s s i f ie d as fo llo w s : C la s s A . W o rk s in d ep en d en tly o r u n d er on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s w h ich r e q u ir e c o m p e t e n c e in a ll p h a se s o f p r o g r a m in g c o n c e p t s and p r a c t ic e s . W ork in g f r o m d ia g r a m s and c h a r ts w h ich id e n tify the n atu re o f d e s ir e d r e s u lts , m a jo r p r o c e s s in g s te p s to be a c c o m p lis h e d , and the r e la tio n s h ip s b e tw e e n v a r io u s s tep s o f the p r o b le m s o lv in g r o u tin e ; p lan s the fu ll ran ge o f p r o g r a m in g a c tio n s n eed ed to e ffic ie n t ly u tiliz e the co m p u te r s y s te m in a c h ie v in g d e s ir e d end p r o d u c t s . OR O p e r a te s under d i r e c t s u p e r v is io n a co m p u te r running p r o g r a m s o r s e g m e n ts o f p r o g r a m s w ith the c h a r a c t e r is t i c s d e s c r ib e d f o r c la s s A . M ay a s s is t a h ig h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r b y in d e pen d en tly p e r fo r m in g l e s s d iffic u lt ta s k s a s s ig n e d , and p e r fo r m in g d iffic u lt ta sk s fo llo w in g d e ta ile d in s tru ctio n s and w ith fre q u e n t r e v ie w o f o p e r a tio n s p e r fo r m e d . C la s s C . W o rk s on ro u tin e p r o g r a m s u nd er c lo s e s u p e r v is io n . Is e x p e c t e d to d e v e lo p w o rk in g k n ow led ge o f the c o m p u te r equ ipm en t u se d and a b ility to d e te c t p r o b le m s in v o lv e d in running rou tin e p r o g r a m s . U s u a lly has r e c e iv e d s o m e f o r m a l tra in in g in c o m p u te r o p e r a tio n . M ay a s s i s t h ig h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . A t th is le v e l, p r o g r a m in g is d iffic u lt b e c a u s e c o m p u te r eq u ip m en t m u s t be o r g a n iz e d t o p r o d u c e s e v e r a l in t e r r e la t e d but d iv e r s e p r o d u c ts f r o m n u m e r o u s and d iv e r s e data e le m e n ts . A w id e v a r ie t y and e x te n s iv e n u m b er o f in te rn a l p r o c e s s in g a c tio n s m u s t o c c u r . T h is r e q u ir e s s u ch a c tio n s as d e v e lo p m e n t o f c o m m o n o p e r a tio n s w h ich can b e r e u s e d , e s ta b lis h m e n t o f lin k age po in ts b e tw e e n o p e r a t io n s , a d ju stm en ts to data w hen p r o g r a m r e q u ir e m e n ts e x c e e d c o m p u te r s to r a g e c a p a c it y , and s u b sta n tia l m a n ip u la tion and r e s e q u e n c in g o f data e le m e n ts to fo r m a h ig h ly in te g r a te d p r o g r a m . M ay p r o v id e fu n c tio n a l d ir e c t io n to lo w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m e r s w ho a r e a s s ig n e d to a s s is t . 16 COM PUTER PROGRAM ER, BUSINESS— C on tinued C O M P U T E R SY STE M S A N A L Y S T , C la s s B . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u nd er o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n on r e la tiv e ly s im p le p r o g r a m s , o r on s im p le s e g m e n ts o f c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s (o r s e g m e n ts) u su a lly p r o c e s s in fo r m a tio n to p r o d u c e data in tw o o r th r e e v a r ie d s e q u e n c e s o r fo r m a t s . R e p o rts and lis t in g s a r e p r o d u c e d b y r e fin in g , ada ptin g, a r r a y in g , o r m aking m in o r ad d ition s to o r d e le tio n s fr o m input data w h ich a r e r e a d ily a v a ila b le . W hile n u m e ro u s r e c o r d s m a y be p r o c e s s e d , the data have b e e n r e fin e d in p r i o r a c tio n s s o that the a c c u r a c y and se q u e n cin g o f data can b e te s te d b y u sin g a fe w rou tin e c h e c k s . T y p ic a lly , the p r o g r a m d e a ls w ith rou tin e r e c o r d -k e e p in g type o p e r a t io n s . OR W ork s on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s (as d e s c r ib e d f o r c la s s A) u nd er c lo s e d ir e c t io n o f a h ig h e r le v e l p r o g r a m e r o r s u p e r v is o r . M ay a s s i s t h ig h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m e r b y in d ep en d en tly p e r fo r m in g l e s s d iffic u lt ta s k s a s s ig n e d , and p e r fo r m in g m o r e d iffic u lt ta s k s u nd er f a ir l y c lo s e d ir e c t io n . M ay guide o r in s tr u c t lo w e r .le v e l p r o g r a m e r s . BUSINESS A n a ly z e s b u s in e s s p r o b le m s to fo r m u la t e p r o c e d u r e s f o r s o lv in g th em b y u se o f e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g equ ipm en t. D e v e lo p s a c o m p le t e d e s c r ip t io n o f a ll s p e c ific a t io n s n e e d e d to en ab le p r o g r a m e r s to p r e p a r e r e q u ir e d d ig ita l c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : A n a ly z e s s u b je c t-m a t t e r o p e r a tio n s to be a u tom ated and id e n tifie s co n d itio n s and c r i t e r i a r e q u ir e d to a c h ie v e s a t is fa c t o r y r e s u lt s ; s p e c ifie s n u m b e r and ty p e s o f r e c o r d s , f il e s , and d o c u m e n ts to be u s e d ; ou tlin es a c tio n s to be p e r f o r m e d b y p e r s o n n e l and c o m p u te r s in s u ffic ie n t d e ta il f o r p r e s e n ta tio n to m a n a ge m e n t and f o r p r o g r a m in g (ty p ic a lly th is in v o lv e s p r e p a r a t io n o f w o rk and data flo w c h a r t s ); c o o r d in a t e s the d e v e lo p m e n t o f te s t p r o b le m s and p a r t ic ip a t e s in t r ia l runs o f new and r e v is e d s y s t e m s ; and r e c o m m e n d s equ ip m e n t ch a n g e s to obtain m o r e e ffe c t iv e o v e r a ll o p e r a tio n s . (N O T E ; W o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g both S y s te m s a n a ly s is and p r o g r a m in g should be c l a s s ifie d as s y s t e m s a n a ly s ts i f th is is the s k ill u se d to d e te r m in e th e ir p ay.) D o e s not in clu d e e m p lo y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s ib le f o r the m an agem en t o r s u p e r v is io n o f oth er e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g (E D P ) e m p lo y e e s , o r s y s t e m s a n a lysts p r im a r ily c o n c e r n e d w ith s c ie n t if ic o r e n g in e e rin g p r o b le m s . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , s y s t e m s a n a ly s ts a r e c la s s i f ie d as fo llo w s : d ir e c t io n C la s s C . W o rk s u nd er im m e d ia te s u p e r v is io n , c a r r y in g out a n a ly s e s as a s s ig n e d , u su a lly o f a s in g le a c tiv ity . A s s ig n m e n t s a r e d e s ig n e d to d e v e lo p and expand p r a c t ic a l e x p e r ie n c e in the a p p lic a tio n o f p r o c e d u r e s and s k ills r e q u ir e d f o r s y s t e m s a n a ly s is w o rk . F o r e x a m p le, m a y a s s is t a h ig h e r l e v e l s y s te m s a n a lyst b y p r e p a r in g the d e ta ile d s p e c ific a t io n s r e q u ir e d b y p r o g r a m e r s fr o m in fo r m a tio n d e v e lo p e d b y the h ig h e r l e v e l an a lyst. to lo w e r l e v e l s y s t e m s a n a ly s ts w ho a r e a s s ig n e d C la s s A . P la n s the g r a p h ic p r e s e n t a t io n o f c o m p le x ite m s having d is t in c t iv e d e s ig n fe a tu r e s that d iffe r s ig n ific a n t ly f r o m e s ta b lis h e d d ra ftin g p r e c e d e n t s . W o r k s in c lo s e su p p o r t w ith the d e s ig n o r ig in a to r , and m a y r e c o m m e n d m in o r d e s ig n c h a n g e s . A n a ly z e s the e ffe c t o f e a ch ch an ge on the d e ta ils o f f o r m , fu n c tio n , and p o s it io n a l r e la tio n s h ip s o f c o m pon en ts and p a r t s . W o rk s w ith a m in im u m o f s u p e r v is o r y a s s is ta n c e . C o m p le te d w o r k is r e v ie w e d b y d e s ig n o r ig in a to r f o r c o n s is t e n c y w ith p r i o r e n g in e e r in g d e te r m in a tio n s . M ay e ith e r p r e p a r e d r a w in g s , o r d i r e c t t h e ir p r e p a r a t io n b y lo w e r l e v e l d r a fts m e n . C la s s B . P e r f o r m s n on rou tin e and c o m p le x d ra ftin g a s s ig n m e n ts that r e q u ir e the a p p li ca tio n o f m o s t o f the s ta n d a r d iz e d d ra w in g te c h n iq u e s r e g u la r ly u sed . D u ties t y p ic a lly i n v o lv e su ch w o rk a s : P r e p a r e s w o rk in g d ra w in g s o f s u b a s s e m b lie s w ith ir r e g u la r s h a p es, m u ltip le fu n c tio n s , and p r e c i s e p o s it io n a l r e la tio n s h ip s b e tw e e n c o m p o n e n ts ; p r e p a r e s a r c h i t e c tu r a l d ra w in g s f o r c o n s t r u c tio n o f a b u ild in g in clu d in g d e ta il d ra w in g s o f fou n d a tion s, w a ll s e c t io n s , f lo o r p la n s , and r o o f. U s e s a c c e p t e d fo r m u la s and m an u a ls in m aking n e c e s s a r y co m p u ta tio n s to d e te r m in e qu a n tities o f m a t e r ia ls to b e u s e d , lo a d c a p a c it ie s , s tren g th s , s t r e s s e s , e tc . R e c e iv e s in itia l in s t r u c t io n s , r e q u ir e m e n ts , and a d v ic e f r o m s u p e r v is o r . C o m p le te d w o r k is c h e c k e d f o r t e c h n ic a l a d eq u a cy . C la s s C . P r e p a r e s d e ta il d ra w in g s o f s in g le units o r p a r ts f o r e n g in e e r in g , c o n s t r u c tio n , m a n u fa ctu rin g , o r r e p a ir p u r p o s e s . T y p e s o f d ra w in g s p r e p a r e d in clu d e i s o m e t r i c p r o je c t io n s (d e p ictin g t h r e e d im in s io n s in a c c u r a t e s c a le ) and s e c t io n a l v ie w s to c la r i f y p o s itio n in g of co m p o n e n ts and c o n v e y n e e d e d in fo r m a tio n . C o n s o lid a t e s d e ta ils f r o m a n u m b er o f s o u r c e s and a d ju sts o r tr a n s p o s e s s c a le as r e q u ir e d . S u g g e s te d m eth od s o f a p p ro a ch , a p p lic a b le p r e c e d e n t s , and a d v ic e on s o u r c e m a t e r ia ls a r e g iv e n w ith in itia l a s s ig n m e n ts . In s tr u c tio n s a r e le s s c o m p le t e w hen a s s ig n m e n ts r e c u r . W ork m a y b e s p o t -c h e c k e d d u rin g p r o g r e s s . D RAFTSM AN - TR AC ER C la s s A . W o rk s in d e p e n d e n tly o r und er o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s in v olv in g a ll p h a se s o f s y s t e m s a n a ly s is . P r o b le m s a r e c o m p le x b e c a u s e o f d iv e r s e s o u r c e s o f input data and m u lt ip le -u s e r e q u ir e m e n ts o f output data. ( F o r e x a m p le , d e v e lo p s an in te g r a te d p r o d u c tio n sch e d u lin g , in v e n to r y c o n t r o l, c o s t a n a ly s is , and s a le s a n a ly s is r e c o r d in w h ich e v e r y ite m o f e a c h type is a u to m a tica lly p r o c e s s e d th rou gh the fu ll s y s te m o f r e c o r d s and a p p ro p r ia te fo llo w u p a c tio n s a r e in itia te d b y the c o m p u te r .) C o n fe r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e te r m in e the data p r o c e s s in g p r o b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t-m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on the im p lic a t io n s o f new o r r e v is e d s y s t e m s o f data p r o c e s s in g o p e r a tio n s . M ak es r e c o m m e n d a tio n s , if n e e d e d , f o r a p p ro v a l o f m a jo r s y s te m s in s ta lla tio n s o r ch a n g e s and fo r obtaining equ ipm en t. M ay p r o v id e fu n ctio n a l a s s is t. OR W ork s on a se g m e n t o f a c o m p le x data p r o c e s s in g s c h e m e o r s y s t e m , a s d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A. W o rk s in d e p e n d e n tly on rou tin e a s s ig n m e n ts and r e c e iv e s in s tr u c t io n and g u id an ce on c o m p le x a s s ig n m e n ts . W o rk is r e v ie w e d f o r a c c u r a c y o f ju d g m en t, c o m p lia n c e w ith in s t r u c tio n s , and to in s u r e p r o p e r alin em en t w ith the o v e r a l l s y s te m . D RAFTSM AN C la s s C . M ak es p r a c t ic a l a p p lic a tio n s o f p r o g r a m in g p r a c t ic e s and c o n c e p ts u s u a lly le a r n e d in f o r m a l tra in in g c o u r s e s . A s s ig n m e n ts a r e d e s ig n e d to d e v e lo p c o m p e t e n c e in the a p p lic a tio n o f stan dard p r o c e d u r e s to ro u tin e p r o b le m s . R e c e iv e s c lo s e s u p e r v is io n on new a s p e c ts o f a s s ig n m e n ts ; and w o rk is r e v ie w e d to v e r i fy its a c c u r a c y and c o n fo r m a n c e w ith r e q u ir e d p r o c e d u r e s . C O M P U T E R SY STE M S A N A L Y S T , BUSINESS— C on tinued m a in tain in g a c c o u n ts r e c e iv a b le in a r e t a il e s ta b lis h m e n t, o r m ain tain in g in v e n to r y a ccou n ts in a m a n u fa ctu rin g or. w h o le s a le e s ta b lis h m e n t.) C o n fe r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e te r m in e the data p r o c e s s in g p r o b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t -m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on the im p lic a t io n s o f the data p r o c e s s in g s y s t e m s to b e a p p lied . to C la s s B . W o rk s in d e p e n d e n tly o r und er o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n on p r o b le m s that a r e r e la tiv e ly u n c o m p lic a te d to a n a ly z e , pla n , p r o g r a m , and o p e r a te . P r o b le m s a r e o f lim ite d c o m p le x it y b e c a u s e s o u r c e s o f input data a r e h o m o g e n e o u s and the output data a r e c lo s e l y r e la te d . (F o r e x a m p le , d e v e lo p s s y s t e m s f o r m a in tain in g d e p o s it o r a c c o u n ts in a bank, C o p ie s p la n s and d ra w in gs p r e p a r e d b y o th e r s b y p la c in g t r a c in g c lo th o r p a p e r o v e r d ra w in gs and t r a c in g w ith p e n o r p e n c il. (D o e s not in c lu d e t r a c in g lim it e d to p la n s p r i m a r i l y c o n s is t in g o f s tr a ig h t lin e s and a la r g e s c a le not r e q u ir in g c l o s e d e lin e a t io n .) a n d /o r P r e p a r e s s im p le o r r e p e titiv e d ra w in g s o f e a s ily v is u a liz e d ite m s . du rin g p r o g r e s s . W o r k is c lo s e l y s u p e r v is e d N U R SE, IN D U STR IA L ( R e g is t e r e d ) A r e g i s t e r e d n u r s e w h o g iv e s n u rsin g s e r v ic e u n d er g e n e r a l m e d ic a l d ir e c t io n to i ll o r in ju re d e m p lo y e e s o r o th e r p e r s o n s w ho b e c o m e i l l o r s u ffe r an a c c id e n t on the p r e m is e s o f a f a c t o r y o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. D u ties in v o lv e a co m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : G ivin g f i r s t aid to the i l l o r in ju re d ; attending t o su bsequ en t d r e s s in g o f e m p lo y e e s ' in ju r ie s ; k eep in g r e c o r d s o f patien ts t r e a te d ; p r e p a r in g a c c id e n t r e p o r t s f o r c o m p e n s a tio n o r o th e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s is tin g in p h y s ic a l e x a m in a tio n s and health e v a lu a tion s o f a p p lica n ts and e m p lo y e e s ; and planning and c a r r y ing out p r o g r a m s in v o lv in g health e d u ca tio n , a c c id e n t p r e v e n tio n , ev a lu a tion o f plant e n v iro n m e n t, o r o th e r a c t iv it ie s a ffe c tin g the h e a lth , w e lf a r e , and s a fe ty o f a ll p e r s o n n e l. M A IN TEN A N C E Ah D P O W E R P L A N T CARPEN TER, M A IN TE N A N C E P e r f o r m s the c a r p e n t r y d u ties n e c e s s a r y to c o n s t r u c t and m a in ta in in g o o d r e p a ir bu ild in g w o o d w o r k and equ ipm en t such as b in s , c r i b s , c o u n t e r s , b e n c h e s , p a r t itio n s , d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a ir s , c a s in g s , and tr im m ade o f w o o d in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : P lan n in g and layin g out o f w o r k f r o m b lu e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , m o d e ls , o r v e r b a l in s tru ctio n s u sin g a v a r ie t y CARPENTER, M A IN TE N A N C E — C on tinued o f c a r p e n t e r 's h a n d to o ls , p o r t a b le p o w e r t o o ls , and sta n d a rd m e a s u r in g in s tru m e n ts ; m aking stan dard sh op co m p u ta tio n s r e la tin g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k ; and s e le c t in g m a t e r ia ls n e c e s s a r y f o r the w o rk . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m a in ten a n ce c a r p e n t e r r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a f o r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r eq u iv a len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . 17 E L E C T R IC IA N , M AIN TE N A N C E M E C H A N IC , P e r f o r m s a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c a l tra d e fu n ctio n s su ch as the in s ta lla tio n , m a in te n a n ce , o r r e p a ir o f equ ipm en t f o r the g e n e r a tio n , d is trib u tio n , o r u tiliz a tio n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : In sta llin g o r r e p a ir in g any o f a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c a l equ ipm en t su ch as g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , s w itc h b o a r d s , c o n t r o ll e r s , c ir c u it b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , heatin g u n its, conduit s y s t e m s , o r o th er t r a n s m is s io n equ ip m en t; w o rk in g fr o m b lu e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , la y o u ts , o r o th er s p e c ific a t io n s ; lo c a tin g and d ia g n o s in g tr o u b le in the e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m o r equ ipm en t; w o rk in g stan d ard co m p u ta tio n s r e la tin g to lo a d r e q u ir e m e n ts o f w ir in g o r e l e c t r i c a l equ ipm en t; and u sin g a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c ia n 's h a n d to o ls and m e a s u r in g and te s tin g in s tru m e n ts . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m a in te n a n ce e l e c t r i c ia n r e q u ir e s rou n d ed t r a in ing and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r eq u iva len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . the v a r io u s a s s e m b lie s in the v e h ic le and m aking n e c e s s a r y a d ju stm en ts; and alin in g w h e e ls , ad ju stin g b r a k e s and lig h ts , o r tightenin g b o d y b o lt s . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the a u tom otiv e m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d through a fo r m a l a p p re n t ic e s h ip o r e q u ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . E N G IN E E R , ST A T IO N A R Y O p e ra te s and m ain tain s and m ay a ls o s u p e r v is e the o p e r a tio n o f s ta tio n a r y e n gin es and equipm ent (m e c h a n ic a l o r e l e c t r i c a l) to su p p ly the e s ta b lis h m e n t in w h ic h e m p lo y e d w ith p o w e r , h ea t, r e fr ig e r a t io n , o r a ir -c o n d it io n in g . W ork in v o lv e s : O p e ra tin g and m ain tain in g equipm ent su ch as s te a m e n g in e s , a ir c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , tu r b in e s , ve n tila tin g and r e f r i g e ra tin g eq u ip m en t, s te a m b o i le r s and b o i l e r - f e d w a te r pu m p s; m aking equipm ent r e p a ir s ; and k eep in g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a tio n o f m a c h in e r y , te m p e r a t u r e , and fu e l co n s u m p tio n . M ay a ls o su p e r v is e t h e s e o p e r a t io n s . H ead o r c h ie f e n g in e e r s in e sta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than one e n g in e e r a r e e x c lu d e d . F IR E M A N , ST A T IO N A R Y B O IL E R F i r e s sta tio n a r y b o i le r s to fu rn is h the e sta b lis h m e n t in w h ich e m p lo y e d w ith heat, p o w e r , o r ste a m . F e e d s fu e ls to f ir e b y hand o r o p e r a te s a m e c h a n ic a l s t o k e r , o r gas o r o il b u r n e r ; and c h e c k s w a te r and s a fe ty v a lv e s . M ay c le a n , o i l, o r a s s is t in r e p a ir in g b o i le r r o o m equ ipm en t. H ELPER, M A IN TE N A N C E TR AD ES A s s i s t s one o r m o r e w o r k e r s in the s k ille d m ain ten an ce t r a d e s , b y p e r fo r m in g s p e c ific o r g e n e r a l duties o f l e s s e r s k ill, su ch as k e e p in g a w o r k e r su p p lie d w ith m a t e r ia ls and t o o ls ; c le a n in g .w ork in g a r e a , m a c h in e , and equ ipm en t; a s s is tin g jo u r n e y m a n b y h oldin g m a t e r ia ls o r t o o ls ; and p e r fo r m in g o th e r u n s k ille d ta s k s as d ir e c t e d b y jo u r n e y m a n . The kind o f w o rk the h e lp e r is p e r m itte d to p e r f o r m v a r ie s fr o m tra d e to tr a d e : In s o m e t r a d e s the h e lp e r is c o n fin e d to su p p lyin g, liftin g , and h oldin g m a t e r ia ls and t o o ls and cle a n in g w o rk in g a r e a s ; and in o th e r s he is p e r m itte d to p e r f o r m s p e c ia liz e d m a ch in e o p e r a t io n s , o r p a rts o f a tra d e that a re a ls o p e r fo r m e d b y w o r k e r s on a fu ll- t im e b a s is . M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R , TOOLROOM S p e c ia liz e s in the o p e r a tio n o f one o r m o r e ty p e s o f m a ch in e t o o ls , su ch as jig b o r e r s , c y lin d r ic a l o r s u r fa c e g r in d e r s , en gine la th e s , o r m illin g m a c h in e s , in the c o n s t r u c tio n of m a c h in e -s h o p t o o ls , g a g e s , j i g s , fix t u r e s , o r d ie s . W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : P la n ning and p e r fo r m in g d iffic u lt m a ch in in g o p e r a t io n s ; p r o c e s s in g ite m s r e q u ir in g c o m p lic a t e d setups o r a high d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f p r e c is i o n m e a s u r in g in s tru m e n ts ; s e le c t in g f e e d s , s p e e d s , t o o lin g , and o p e r a tio n s e q u e n c e ; and m aking n e c e s s a r y ad ju stm e n ts du rin g o p e r a tio n to a ch ie v e r e q u is it e t o le r a n c e s o r d im e n s io n s . M ay be r e q u ir e d to r e c o g n iz e w hen t o o ls n eed d r e s s in g, to d r e s s t o o ls , and to s e le c t p r o p e r co o la n ts and cutting and lu b r ic a tin g o i ls . F o r c r o s s in d u stry w age study p u r p o s e s , m a c h in e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o lr o o m , in t o o l and die jo b b in g shops a re e x c lu d e d f r o m this c la s s ific a t io n . M AC H IN IST, M A IN TE N A N C E P r o d u c e s r e p la c e m e n t p arts and new p a rts in m aking r e p a ir s o f m e ta l p a r ts o f m e c h a n ic a l equipm ent o p e r a te d in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : In te rp re tin g w ritte n in s tru ctio n s and s p e c ific a t io n s ; planning and layin g out o f w o rk ; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f m a c h in is t 's h a n d tools and p r e c is i o n m e a s u r in g in s tru m e n ts ; se ttin g up and o p e ra tin g stan d ard m a ch in e t o o ls ; shaping o f m eta l p a rts to c lo s e t o le r a n c e s ; m aking stan dard sh op com p u ta tion s r e la tin g t o d im e n s io n s o f w o r k , t o o lin g , fe e d s , and s p e e d s o f m a ch in in g ; k n ow led ge o f the w o rk in g p r o p e r t ie s o f the c o m m o n m e ta ls ; s e le c t in g stan dard m a t e r ia ls , p a r t s , and equipm ent r e q u ir e d f o r h is w o rk ; and fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a rts into m e c h a n ic a l equ ipm en t. In g e n e r a l, the m a c h in is t ’ s w o rk n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a rou n d ed tr a in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p p r a c t ic e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r equ ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M E C H A N IC , A U T O M O T IV E (M a intena nce) R e p a ir s a u t o m o b ile s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , and t r a c t o r s o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : E x am in in g au to m o tiv e equipm ent to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b le ; d is a s s e m b lin g equ ipm en t and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that in v o lv e the u s e o f su ch h an dtools as w r e n c h e s , g a g e s , d r i ll s , o r s p e c ia liz e d equ ipm en t in d is a s s e m b lin g o r fittin g p a r t s ; r e p la c in g b r o k e n o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts fr o m s to c k ; grin d in g and adju stin g v a lv e s ; r e a s s e m b lin g and in sta llin g A U T O M O T IV E (M a in ten a n ce)— C on tinued M E C H A N IC , M A IN TE N A N C E R e p a ir s m a c h in e r y o r m e c h a n ic a l equipm ent o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : E x am in in g m a c h in e s and m e c h a n ic a l equipm ent to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b le ; d ism a n tlin g o r p a r tly d ism a n tlin g m a c h in e s and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that m a in ly in v o lv e the u se o f h a n d to o ls in s c r a p in g and fittin g p a r ts ; r e p la c in g b r o k e n o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts w ith ite m s obtain ed f r o m s t o c k ; o r d e r in g the p r o d u c tio n of a r e p la c e m e n t p art b y a m a ch in e shop o r sen din g o f the m a ch in e to a m a ch in e shop f o r m a jo r r e p a ir s ; p r e p a r in g w ritte n s p e c ific a t io n s f o r m a jo r r e p a ir s o r f o r the p r o d u c tio n o f p a rts o r d e r e d fr o m m a ch in e sh op ; r e a s s e m b lin g m a c h in e s ; and m aking a ll n e c e s s a r y a d ju stm e n ts f o r o p e r a tio n . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f a m a in ten a n ce m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . E x clu d e d fr o m this c la s s if ic a t io n a r e w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y d u ties in v o lv e settin g up o r a d ju stin g m a c h in e s . M ILLW R IG H T In s ta lls new m a c h in e s o r h ea v y equ ip m en t, and d is m a n tle s and in s ta lls m a ch in es o r h e a v y equipm ent w hen ch an ges in the plant layou t a r e r e q u ir e d . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o l lo w in g : P lan n in g and la y in g out o f the w o rk ; in te rp re tin g b lu e p rin ts o r oth er s p e c ific a t io n s ; using a v a r ie t y o f h an d tools and r ig g in g ; m aking stan d ard shop com p u ta tion s r e la tin g to s t r e s s e s , stre n g th o f m a t e r ia ls , and c e n t e r s o f g r a v ity ; a lin in g and b a la n cin g o f equ ip m en t; s e le c t in g stan d a r d t o o ls , eq u ip m en t, and p a r ts to be u s e d ; and in s ta llin g and m ain tain in g in g o o d o r d e r p o w e r t r a n s m is s io n equipm ent su ch as d r iv e s and sp eed r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l, the m illw r ig h t 's w ork n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a rou n ded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e in the tra d e a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r equ ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . O IL E R L u b r ic a t e s , w ith o il o r g r e a s e , equ ipm en t o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. P A IN T E R , the m ov in g p a rts o r w e a r in g s u r fa c e s o f m e c h a n ic a l M A IN TE N A N C E P a in ts and r e d e c o r a t e s w a lls , w o o d w o r k , and fix tu r e s o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s the f o llo w in g : K n ow led ge o f s u r fa c e p e c u lia r it ie s and ty p es o f paint r e q u ir e d fo r d iffe r e n t a p p lic a tio n s ; p r e p a r in g s u r fa c e f o r painting b y r e m o v in g o ld fin is h o r b y p la c in g putty o r f il l e r in n ail h o le s and in t e r s t ic e s ; and app lyin g paint w ith s p r a y gun o r b ru sh . M ay m ix c o l o r s , o i ls , w hite le a d , and o th er paint in g re d ie n ts to obtain p r o p e r c o lo r o r c o n s is t e n c y . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m ain ten an ce p a in te r r e q u ir e s rou n ded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . P I P E F I T T E R , M A IN TE N A N C E In s ta lls o r r e p a ir s w a t e r , s te a m , g a s , o r oth er ty p es o f pipe and p ip efittin g s in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : L a yin g out o f w o rk and m e a s u r in g to l o ca te p o s it io n o f pipe fr o m d ra w in gs o r oth er w ritte n s p e c ific a t io n s ; cutting v a r io u s s iz e s o f pipe to c o r r e c t len gth s w ith c h is e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e ty le n e t o r c h o r p ip e -cu ttin g m a ch in e ; t h r e a d ing pipe w ith s to c k s and d ie s ; bend ing p ip e b y h a n d -d riv e n o r p o w e r -d r iv e n m a c h in e s ; a s s e m b lin g p ipe w ith co u p lin g s and fa ste n in g pipe to h a n g e rs ; m aking stan dard sh op com p u ta tion s r e la tin g to p r e s s u r e s , flo w , and s iz e o f p ip e r e q u ir e d ; and m aking stan dard t e s ts to d e te r m in e w h eth er fin is h e d p ip e s m e e t s p e c ific a t io n s . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m ain ten an ce p ip e fitte r r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a f o r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r equ ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . W o r k e r s p r im a r ily en gag ed in in s ta llin g and r e p a ir in g b u ildin g sa n ita tio n o r heatin g s y s t e m s a r e e x c lu d e d . PLUM BER, M A IN T E N A N C E K e e p s the plu m bin g s y s t e m o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t in g o o d o r d e r . W ork in v o lv e s : K n ow led ge o f s a n ita r y c o d e s re g a r d in g in s ta lla tio n o f ven ts and tr a p s in plum bing s y s te m ; in s ta llin g o r r e p a ir in g p ip e s and fix t u r e s ; and open in g c lo g g e d d ra in s w ith a plu n ger o r p l u m b e r 's sn ak e. In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m ain ten an ce p lu m b e r r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r equ ivalen t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K E R , M A IN TE N A N C E F a b r ic a t e s , in s t a lls , and m ain tain s in g o o d r e p a ir the s h e e t -m e t a l equipm ent and f i x tu r e s (s u ch as m a ch in e g u a r d s , g r e a s e p an s, s h e lv e s , lo c k e r s , ta n k s, v e n t ila to r s , ch u te s , d u cts , m e ta l r o o fin g ) o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P lan n in g and layin g out a ll ty p e s o f s h e e t -m e t a l m a in te n a n ce w o rk fr o m b lu e p r in ts , m o d e ls , o r oth er s p e c ific a t io n s ; settin g up and o p e r a tin g a ll a v a ila b le t y p e s o f s h e e t -m e t a l w ork in g m a c h in e s ; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f 18 S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K E R , M A IN TE N A N C E — C ontinued T O O L AN D DIE M A K ER— C ontinued h an dtools in cu ttin g , be n d in g, fo r m in g , shaping, fittin g , and a s s e m b lin g ; and in sta llin g s h e e tm eta l a r t ic le s as r e q u ir e d . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m ain ten an ce s h e e t -m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u ir e s rounded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r equ ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . usin g a v a r ie t y o f to o l and die m a k e r 's han dtools and p r e c is io n m e a s u r in g in s tru m e n ts ; u n d e r standing o f the w o rk in g p r o p e r t ie s o f c o m m o n m e ta ls and a llo y s ; settin g up and op era tin g of m a ch in e t o o ls and r e la te d equipm ent; m aking n e c e s s a r y sh op com p u ta tion s r e la tin g to d im e n s io n s o f w o rk , s p e e d s , f e e d s , and t o o lin g o f m a c h in e s ; h e a t-tre a tin g o f m eta l p a rts du rin g fa b r ic a tio n as w e ll as o f fin is h e d t o o ls and d ie s to a c h ie v e r e q u ir e d q u a litie s ; w o rk in g to c lo s e t o le r a n c e s ; fittin g and a s s e m b lin g o f p a rts to p r e s c r ib e d t o le r a n c e s and a llo w a n c e s ; and s e le c t in g a p p ro p ria te m a t e r ia ls , t o o ls , and p r o c e s s e s . In g e n e r a l, the t o o l and die m a k e r ’ s w o r k r e q u ir e s a rounded tra in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o lr o o m p r a c t ic e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a f o r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r eq u iva len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . T O O L AN D D IE M A K E R (D ie m a k e r ; jig m a k e r ; t o o l m a k e r ; fix tu r e m a k e r ; gage m ak er) C o n s tr u c ts and r e p a ir s m a c h in e -s h o p t o o ls , g a g e s , j i g s , fix tu r e s o r d ie s f o r fo r g in g s , p u n ch in g, and oth er m e t a l-fo r m in g w o rk . W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : P lan n in g and layin g out o f w o rk fr o m m o d e ls , b lu e p r in ts , d r a w in g s , o r o th e r o r a l and w ritte n s p e c ific a t io n s ; F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w age study p u r p o s e s , shops a r e e x c lu d e d fr o m this c la s s ific a t io n . t o o l and die m a k e rs in t o o l and die jo b b in g C U S T O D IA L AND M ATER IA L M O V E M E N T GUARD AN D W ATCH M AN G u a r d . P e r f o r m s rou tin e p o lic e d u tie s , e ith e r at fix e d p o s t o r on to u r , m aintain ing o r d e r , u sin g a r m s o r f o r c e w h e r e n e c e s s a r y . In clu d e s g a te m e n w ho a r e sta tio n e d at gate and c h e c k on id en tity o f e m p lo y e e s and o th er p e r s o n s e n te r in g . W atch m an . M ak es rou n ds o f p r e m is e s p e r io d ic a lly in p r o te c tin g p r o p e r t y a g ain st f ir e , th eft, and ille g a l en try. JA N IT O R , PORTER, OR CLEANER SH IPPIN G AN D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K P r e p a r e s m e r ch a n d is e f o r sh ip m en t, o r r e c e iv e s and is r e s p o n s ib le fo r in c o m in g sh ip m ents o f m e r ch a n d is e o r o th e r m a t e r ia ls . Shipping w o rk i n v o lv e s : A k n ow ledge of shipping p r o c e d u r e s , p r a c t ic e s , r o u t e s , a v a ila b le m ean s o f t r a n s p o r ta tio n , and ra te; and p r e p a r in g r e c o r d s o f the g o o d s s h ip p e d , m aking up b ills o f la d in g , p ostin g w eight and shipping c h a r g e s , and k e e p in g a file o f shipping r e c o r d s . M ay d ir e c t o r a s s is t in p r e p a r in g the m e r ch a n d is e fo r sh ip m en t. R e c e iv in g w o r k in v o lv e s : V e r ify in g o r d ir e c t in g o th e r s in v e r ify in g the c o r r e c t n e s s o f sh ipm en ts a g ain st b ills o f la d in g , in v o ic e s , o r oth er r e c o r d s ; c h e ck in g fo r s h o r ta g e s and r e je c t in g da m a ged g o o d s ; rou tin g m e r ch a n d is e o r m a t e r ia ls to p r o p e r d ep a rtm en ts; and m aintain ing n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s and f il e s . (S w e e p e r; ch a rw om a n ; ja n itr e s s ) F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c la s s i f ie d as fo llo w s : C lea n s and k e e p s in an o r d e r ly c o n d itio n f a c t o r y w o rk in g a r e a s and w a s h r o o m s , or p r e m is e s o f an o f fi c e , a p a rtm e n t h o u s e , o r c o m m e r c ia l o r o th er e s ta b lis h m e n t. D u ties in v o lv e a c o m b in a tio n o f the f o llo w in g : S w eep in g, m op p in g o r s c r u b b in g , and p o lish in g f lo o r s ; r e m o v in g c h ip s , t r a s h , and oth e r r e fu s e ; dusting eq u ip m en t, fu r n itu r e , o r f ix t u r e s ; p o lis h in g m e ta l fix tu r e s o r t r im m in g s ; p ro v id in g s u p p lie s and m in o r m ain ten an ce s e r v ic e s ; and cle a n in g la v a t o r ie s , s h o w e r s , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s w ho s p e c ia liz e in w indow w ashin g a r e e x c lu d e d . LABORER, M A T E R IA L HANDLING (L o a d e r and u n lo a d e r; h a n d le r and s t a c k e r ; s h e lv e r ; t r u c k e r ; sto ck m a n o r s to c k h e lp e r ; w a r e h ou sem a n o r w a r e h o u s e h e lp e r) A w o r k e r e m p lo y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa ctu rin g plant, s t o r e , o r o th er e s ta b lis h m e n t w h ose du ties in v o lv e one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g ; L oa d in g and unloadin g v a r io u s m a t e r ia ls and m e r c h a n d is e on o r fr o m fre ig h t c a r s , t r u c k s , o r o th er tr a n s p o r tin g d e v ic e s ; u n p ackin g, sh e lv in g , o r p la cin g m a t e r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e in p r o p e r s to r a g e lo ca tio n ; and tr a n s p o r tin g m a t e r ia ls or m e r ch a n d is e b y h an d tru ck , c a r , o r w h e e lb a r r o w . L o n g s h o r e m e n , w ho lo a d and unload ships are e x c lu d e d . R e c e iv in g c le r k Shipping c le r k Shipping and r e c e iv in g c le r k T R U C K D R IV E R D r iv e s a tr u c k w ith in a c it y o r in d u s tria l a r e a to tr a n s p o r t m a t e r ia ls , m e r c h a n d is e , equ ip m en t, o r m en b e tw e e n v a r io u s ty p es o f es ta b lis h m e n ts su ch a s : M an u factu rin g plan ts, fre ig h t d e p o ts , w a r e h o u s e s , w h o le s a le and r e t a il e s t a b lis h m e n ts , o r betw een r e t a il esta b lis h m e n ts and c u s to m e rs * h o u s e s o r p la c e s o f b u s in e s s . M ay a ls o lo a d o r unload tru ck w ith o r w ithout h e lp e r s , m ake m in o r m e c h a n ic a l r e p a ir s , and k eep tr u c k in good w ork in g o r d e r . D r i v e r - s a le s m e n and o v e r - t h e -r o a d d r iv e r s a r e e x c lu d e d . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , t r u c k d r iv e r s a r e c la s s i f ie d by s iz e and type o f equ ip m en t, as fo llo w s : ( T r a c t o r - t r a i le r should be ra ted on the b a s is o f t r a il e r c a p a c ity .) O R D ER F IL L E R (O r d e r p ic k e r ; s to c k s e l e c t o r ; w a r e h o u s e stockm an ) F ills shipping o r t r a n s fe r o r d e r s fo r fin is h e d go o d s fr o m s t o r e d m e r ch a n d is e in a c c o r d an ce w ith s p e c ific a t io n s on s a le s s l ip s , c u s to m e rs * o r d e r s , o r o th e r in s tru ctio n s . M ay, in ad d ition to fillin g o r d e r s and in d ica tin g ite m s f ille d o r o m itte d , k e e p r e c o r d s o f ou tgoing o r d e r s , r e q u i s itio n ad d ition a l s to c k o r r e p o r t s h o rt s u p p lie s to s u p e r v is o r , and p e r f o r m o th e r re la te d d u tie s. T r u c k d r iv e r (co m b in a tio n o f s iz e s lis t e d se p a r a te ly ) T r u c k d r iv e r , ligh t (under 1V2 tons) T r u c k d r iv e r , m e d iu m (IV 2 to and in clu d in g 4 tons) T r u c k d r iv e r , h e a v y (o v e r 4 t o n s , t r a ile r type) T r u c k d r iv e r , h e a v y (o v e r 4 t o n s , oth er than t r a il e r type) TR U C K E R, PO W E R P A C K E R , SH IPPIN G P r e p a r e s fin is h e d p r o d u c ts fo r shipm ent o r s to r a g e b y p la cin g th em in shipping c o n t a in e r s , the s p e c i fi c o p e r a tio n s p e r fo r m e d b ein g depen dent upon the ty p e , s i z e , and nu m ber o f units to be p a ck ed , the type o f c o n ta in e r e m p lo y e d , and m eth od o f sh ipm en t. W ork r e q u ir e s the p la cin g of ite m s in shipping c o n ta in e r s and m ay in v o lv e one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g ; K n o w l edge o f v a r io u s item s o f s to c k in o r d e r to v e r i fy content; s e le c t io n o f a p p ro p r ia te type and s iz e o f c o n ta in e r ; in s e r tin g e n c lo s u r e s in c o n ta in e r ; u sin g e x c e l s i o r o r o th er m a t e r ia l to p re v e n t b rea k a g e o r d a m a ge; c lo s in g and s e a lin g c o n ta in e r ; and app lyin g la b e ls o r e n te rin g id en tifyin g data on con ta in e r . P a c k e r s w ho a ls o m ake w o o d e n b o x e s or c r a t e s a re ex clu d e d . O p e r a te s a m a n u a lly c o n t r o lle d g a s o lin e - o r e le c t r i c - p o w e r e d tr u c k o r t r a c t o r to tr a n s p o r t g o o d s and m a t e r ia ls o f a ll kinds about a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa ctu rin g plant, o r oth er e s ta b lis h m e n t. F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a;re c la s s i f ie d b y type o f t r u c k , as fo llo w s : T ru ck er, T ru ck er, p o w e r (fo r k lift) p o w e r (o th e r than fo r k lift) A v a ila b le O n a v a ila b le R e q u e s t ----- T h e f o l l o w i n g a r e a s a r e s u r v e y e d p e r i o d i c a l l y f o r u s e in a d m i n i s t e r i n g the at n o c o s t w h i l e s u p p l i e s l a s t f r o m a n y o f t h e B L S r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s s h o w n A b ilen e, T ex. A la sk a A lb a n y , Ga. A le x a n d ria , La. A lp e n a , S ta n d ish , and T a w a s C ity , M ich . A m a rillo, Tex. A nn A r b o r , M ich . A s h e v i l l e , N .C . A tla n t ic C ity , N .J . A u g u s t a , G a . —S . C . A u stin , T ex . B a k e r s fie ld , C alif. B aton R ou g e, La. B illin g s , M ont. B ilo x i, G u lfp o r t , and P a s c a g o u l a , M i s s . B r id g e p o r t , N o r w a lk , and S ta m fo r d , C onn. C h a r le s t o n , S .C . C heyenne, W yo. C l a r k s v i l l e , T e n n ., and H o p k in s v ille , K y. C o lo r a d o S p rin gs, C olo. C o l u m b i a , S .C . C o l u m b u s , G a . —A l a . C r a n e , Ind . D e c a t u r , 111. Dothan, A la. D u l u t h —S u p e r i o r , M i n n . —W i s . D u rh a m , N .C ' E l P aso, Tex. Eugene, O reg. F a r g o —M o o r h e a d , N . D a k . —M i n n . F a y e t t e v ille , N .C . F i t c h b u r g —L e o m i n s t e r , M a s s . F o r t S m i t h , A r k . —O k l a . F r e d e r i c k —H a g e r s t o w n , M d . - P a . - W . V a . G r e a t F a lls , M ont. G r e e n s b o r o —W i n s t o n S a l e m - H i g h P o i n t , N . C . H a rrisb u rg, Pa. H a rtford , Conn. H u n tsville, A la. S e r v i c e C o n t r a c t A c t o f 1965. on the in s id e fr o n t c o v e r . C o p ie s of pu blic re lea ses K n oxv ille, Tenn. L aredo, Tex. L as V e g a s, Nev. L ex in g to n , Ky. L o w e r E a s t e r n S h o r e , M d . —V a . L y n ch b u rg , Va. M a con , Ga. M a d is o n , W is . M a r q u e t t e , E s c a n a b a , Sau lt Ste. M a r i e , M ic h M erid ian , M iss. M id d le s e x , M on m ou th , O c e a n and S o m e r s e t C o s ., N .J. M o b ile , A la ., and P e n s a c o la , F la. M o n t g o m e r y , A la. N a sh v ille, Tenn. N e w L o n d o n —G r o t o n —N o r w i c h , C o n n . N o r th e a s t e r n M ain e O g d e n , Utah O r la n d o , F la. O x n a r d —V e n t u r a , C a l i f . P a n a m a C ity, F la. P in e B lu ff, A rk . P o r t s m o u t h , N . H . —M a i n e —M a s s . P u e b lo , C olo. R en o, Nev. S a c r a m e n to , C alif. S alin a , K a n s. S a l i n a s —M o n t e r e y , C a l i f . Santa B a r b a r a , C a lif. S h r e v e p o r t, La. S p r i n g f i e l d —C h i c o p e e —H o l y o k e , M a s s . —C o n n . S tock ton , C alif. T a c o m a , W ash. T opeka, Kans. T u cson , A riz. V a ld o s t a , Ga. V a l l e j o —N a p a , C a l i f . W ich ita F a lls , T e x . W i l m i n g t o n , D e l . —N . J . —M d . T he elev en th annual r e p o r t on s a la r ie s fo r a cco u n ta n ts , a u d ito r s , c h ie f a cco u n ta n ts , a tto rn e y s , jo b a n a ly sts, d ir e c t o r s o f p e rs o n n e l, b u y e r s , c h e m is t s , e n g in e e r s , e n g in e e rin g t e c h n ic ia n s , d r a ft s m e n , and c l e r i c a l e m p lo y e e s . O r d e r as B L S B u lletin 1693, N ational S u r v e y o f P r o f e s s i o n a l , A d m in is t r a t iv e , T e c h n i c a l , and C l e r i c a l P a y , June 1 9 7 0 , $ 1 .0 0 a c o p y , f r o m th e S u p e rin te n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U .S . G o v e r n m e n t P r in t in g O f f i c e , W a s h in g to n , D . C . , 2 0 4 0 2 , o r any o f its r e g io n a l s a l e s o f f i c e s . are A rea W age S urveys A lis t o f the la te st a v a ila b le b u lle tin s is p r e s e n t e d b e lo w . A d i r e c t o r y o f a r e a w a g e s t u d i e s i n c l u d i n g m o r e l i m i t e d s t u d i e s c o n d u c t e d at t h e r e q u e s t o f the E m p l o y m e n t S t a n d a r d s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r is a v a i l a b l e on r e q u e s t . B u l l e t i n s m a y b e p u r c h a s e d f r o m t h e S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U .S . G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . , 2 0 4 0 2 , o r f r o m a n y o f th e B L S r e g i o n a l s a l e s o f f i c e s s h o w n on the in s id e fro n t c o v e r . A rea B ulletin n u m b er an d p r i c e A k r o n , O h i o , J u l y 1971 1____________________________________ 1 6 8 5 - 8 7 , A l b a n ^ S c h e n e c t a d y —T r o y , N . Y . , M a r . 1971 1_________ 1 6 8 5 - 5 4 , A l b u q u e r q u e , N. M e x . , M a r . 197 1------------------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 5 8 , A l l e n t o w r r —B e t h l e h e m —E a s t o n , P a . —N . J . , M a y 1 9 7 1 __ 1 6 8 5 - 7 5 , A t l a n t a , G a . , M a y 1971 -------- ------------------------------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 6 9 , 1 6 8 5 - 1 8, B a l t i m o r e , M d . , A u g . 1 9 7 0 1_________________________ _____ B e a u m o n t r - P o r t A r t h u i —O r a n g e , T e x . , M a y 1971 1 ----- 1 6 8 5 - 6 8 , B i n g h a m t o n , N . Y . , J u l y 1971 1 ____________________________ 17 25-6 , 1685-63, B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , M a r . 1971 1___________________________ B o i s e C i t y , I d a h o , N o v . 1 9 70 1 ____________________________ 1685-2 1, B o s t o n , M a s s . , A u g . 1 9 7 1 __________________________________ 1 7 2 5 - 1 1, B u f f a l o , N . Y . , O c t . 1970 1___________________________________ 1 6 8 5 - 4 3 , B u r l i n g t o n , V t . , M a r . 1971 1----------------------------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 5 9 , C a n t o n , O h i o , M a y 1 9 7 1 ____________________________________ 1 6 8 5 - 7 1 , C h a r l e s t o n , W . V a . , M a r . 197 1---------------------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 5 7 , 1685-4 8, C h a r l o t t e , N . C . , J a n . 1 9 7 1 ________________________________ C h a t t a n o o g a , T e n n . - G a . , S e p t . 1 9 70 1 ------------------------------ 1 6 8 5 - 1 0 , C h i c a g o , 111., J u n e 1 9 7 0 _____________________________________ 1 6 6 0 - 9 0 , C i n c i n n a t i , O h i o —K y . —I n d . , F e b . 1971 1---------------------------1685-5 3, C l e v e l a n d , O h i o , S e p t . 19 70 1---------------------------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 2 8 , 1685-33, C o l u m b u s , O h i o , O c t . 1970 1----------------------------------------------D a l l a s , T e x . , O c t . 1 9 70 1 ----------------------------------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 2 2 , D a v e n p o r t —R o c k I s l a n d —M o l i n e , I o w a —111., F e b . 197 1--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 5 1, D a y t o n , O h i o , D e c . 19 70 1----------------------------------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 4 5 , D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c . 19 70 ----------------------------------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 4 1 , D e s M o i n e s , I o w a , M a y 1 9 7 1 ______________________________ 16 85-7 0, D e t r o i t , M i c h . , F e b . 1971 1-------------------------------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 7 7 , F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , O c t . 19 70 1 -------------------------------------------1685-2 5, G r e e n B a y , W i s . , J u l y 1 9 7 1 ------------------------------------------------- 1 7 2 5 - 3 , G r e e n v i l l e , S . C . , M a y 1971 1---------------------------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 7 8 , H o u s t o n , T e x . , A p r . 1 9 7 1 * -------------------------------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 6 7 , I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d ., O c t . 1970 1_____________________________ 1685-3 1, 1685-3 9, J a c k s o n , M i s s . , J a n . 197 1 1________________________________ J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . , D e c . 19 70 1------------------------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 3 7 , K a n s a s C i t y , M o . - K a n s . , S e p t . 1 9 70 1------------------------------ 1 6 8 5 - 16, L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l , M a s s . —N . H . , J u n e 1 9 7 1 ---------------- 1 6 8 5 - 8 3 , L i t t l e R o c k —N o r t h L i t t l e R o c k , A r k . , J u l y 1 9 7 1 ----------- 1 7 2 5 - 4 , L o s A n g e l e s —L o n g B e a c h an d A n a h e i r r m S a n t a Ana rG a r d e n G r o v e , C a l i f . , M a r . 1971 1_____________________ 1685-6 6, L o u i s v i l l e , K y . —I n d ., N o v . 1 9 7 0 --------------------—-----------------1685-27, L u b b o c k , T e x . , M a r . 1 9 7 1 ---------------------------------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 6 0 , M a n c h e s t e r , N . H . , J u l y 1 9 7 1 ---------------------------------------------- 1 7 2 5 - 2 , M e m p h i s , T e n n . - A r k . , N o v . 1 9 7 0 --------------------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 3 0 , M i a m i , F l a . , N o v . 19 70 1------------------------------------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 2 9 , M i d l a n d a n d O d e s s a , T e x . , J a n . 1 9 7 1 ------------------------------1685-4 0, M i l w a u k e e , W i s . , M a y 1 9 7 1 _______________________________ 1685-76, M i n n e a p o l i s —St. P a u l , M i n n . , J a n . 197 1--------------------------- 1 6 8 5 - 4 4 , 1 Data on establishment practices 40 c e n t s 3b c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 40 c e n t s 50 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 40 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 40 c e n t s 50 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 60 c e n t s 45 c e n t s 50 c e n t s 40 c e n t s 50 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 40 c e n ts 35 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 50 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 50 c e n t s 40 ce n ts 35 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 45 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 50 30 30 30 30 40 30 35 40 and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents Area M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s , M i c h . , J u n e 1 9 7 1 ______ N e w a r k an d J e r s e y C i t y , N . J . , J a n . 1 9 7 1 -------------------------N e w H a v e n , C o n n . , J a n . 197 1_______________________________ N e w O r l e a n s , L a . , J a n . 1971 1_____________________________ N e w Y o r k , N . Y . , A p r . 1 9 7 0 1 _______________________________ N o r f o l k —P o r t s m o u t h a n d N e w p o r t N e w s — H a m p t o n , V a . , J a n . 1971 1 ________________________________ O k l a h o m a C i t y , O k l a . , J u l y 1971 1------------------------------------O m a h a , N e b r . - I o w a , S e p t . 19 70 1 _________________________ P a t e r s o r r —C l i f t o n —P a s s a i c , N . J . , J u n e 1 9 7 1 _____________ P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . —N . J . , N o v . 1 9 7 0 ________________________ P h o e n i x , A r i z . , J u n e 1 9 7 1 ----------------------------------------------------P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , J a n . 19 7 I 1________________________________ P o r t l a n d , M a i n e , N o v . 1 9 7 0 -------------------------------------------------P o r t l a n d , O r e g . - W a s h . , M a y 1 9 7 1 ________________________ P r o v i d e n c e —P a w t u c k e t ^ W a r w i c k , R . I . —M a s s . , M a y 1971 1 ____________________________________________________ R a l e i g h , N . C . , A u g . 1 9 7 1 ------------------------------------------------------R i c h m o n d , V a . , M a r . 1 9 7 1 _________________________________ R o c h e s t e r , N .Y . (o f fic e o c cu p a tio n s only), J u l y 1971 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------R o c k f o r d , 111., M a y 1 9 7 1 ------------------------------------------------------St. L o u i s , M o . —111., M a r . 1971 1___________________________ S a l t L a k e C i t y , U t a h , N o v . 1 9 70 1 _________________________ S a n A n t o n i o , T e x . , M a y 1971 1_____________________________ S an B e r n a r d i n o —R i v e r s i d e —O n t a r i o , C a l i f . , D e c . 19 70 1------------------------------------------------------------------------------S a n D i e g o , C a l i f . , N o v . 1 9 7 0 ------------------------------------------------S a n F r a n c i s c c r - O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , O c t . 1 9 7 0 ----------------------S a n J o s e , C a l i f . , A u g . 1 9 7 0 -------------------------------------------------S a v a n n a h , G a . , M a y 1 9 7 1 ___________________________________ S c r a n t o n , P a . , J u l y 1971 ------------------------------------------------------S e a t t l e —E v e r e t t , W a s h . , J a n . 197 1 1______________________ S i o u x F a l l s , S. D a k . , D e c . 1970 1---------------------------------------S o u t h B e n d , I n d ., M a r . 1 9 7 1 ------------------------------------------------S p o k a n e , W a s h . , J u n e 1 9 7 1 --------------------------------------------------S y r a c u s e , N . Y . , J u l y 1971 1 _______________________________ T a m p a r - S t . P e t e r s b u r g , F l a . , N o v . 1 9 7 0 __________________ T o l e d o , O h i o ^ M i c h . , A p r . 1971 1 _________________________ T r e n t o n , N . J . , S e p t . 1970 1 _________________________________ U t ic a —R o m e , N . Y . , J u l y 1971 1 ____________________________ W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . - M d . - V a . , A p r . 197 1___________________ W a t e r b u r y , C o n n . , M a r . 1 9 7 1 ---------------------------------------------W a t e r l o o , I o w a , N o v . 19 70 1________________________________ W i c h i t a , K a n s . , A p r . 1 9 7 1 ---------------------------------------------------W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , M a y 1 9 7 1 ______________________________ Y o r k , P a . , F e b . 1 9 7 1 -------------------------------------------------------------Y o u n g s t o w n - W a r r e n , O h i o , N o v . 1 9 7 0 ____________________ B ulletin n u m b e r an d p r i c e 1685-82, 1685-4 7, 1 6 85-3 5, 1685-3 6, 1660-8 9, 30 c e n t s 40 c e n ts 30 c e n t s 40 c e n t s 75 c e n t s 1 6 85-4 6, 17 25-8 , 1 6 8 5 - 14, 1685-8 4, 1685-34, 1 6 85-8 6, 1685-4 9, 1 6 8 5 - 19, 1685-8 5, 35 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 50 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 50 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 1685-8 0, 17 25-5 , 1685-62, 40 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 17 25-7, 1685-79, 1 6 85-6 5, 1685-26, 1685-81, 35 30 50 35 35 cents cents cents cents cents 1685-42, 1685-20, 1685-23, 1685-13, 1685-72, 1725-1, 1685-52, 1685-38, 1685-61, 1685-8 8, 1725-10, 1 6 8 5 - 17, 1685-7 4, 1 6 8 5 - 15, 1725-9, 1 6 85-5 6, 1685-5 5, 1 6 85-3 2, 1 6 85-6 4, 1685-7 3, 1 6 85-5 0, 1685-2 4, 40 30 40 30 30 30 35 35 30 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents 30 c e n t s 35 c e n t s cents cents cents cents cents cents 35 c e n t s 30 c e n t s cents cents cents 30 40 35 35 40 30 30 30 30 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS W ASHING TO N, D.C. 20212 FIRST CLASS MAIL r POSTAGE A N D FEES PAID U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR U.S.MAIL O F F IC IA L BUSINESS P E N A L T Y FO R P R I V A T E USE, $ 3 0 0
@FedFRASER