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x -a ^ ; A r e Wage Survey a Saginaw, Michigan, Metropolitan Area November 1978 Bulletin 2025-64 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Saginaw Saginaw Preface T h is b u lle tin p ro v id e s re s u lts o f a N o v e m b e r 197 8 s u r v e y o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s in the S a gin aw , M ic h ig a n , Stan d ard M e tr o p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A rea. T h e s u r v e y w as m ad e as p a r t of the B u reau o f L a b o r S t a tis tic s ' annual a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m . It w as con du cted by the B u re a u 's r e g io n a l o ffic e in C h ic a g o , 111., under the g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n o f L o is L . O r r , A s s is ta n t R e g io n a l C o m m is s io n e r fo r O p e ra tio n s . T h e s u r v e y could not have b een a c c o m p lis h e d w ith ou t the c o o p e r a tio n o f the m an y fir m s w h ose w age and s a la r y data p ro v id e d the b a s is fo r the s ta tis tic a l in fo rm a tio n in this b u lletin . T h e B u reau w is h e s to e x p r e s s s in c e r e a p p re c ia tio n fo r the c o o p e r a tio n r e c e iv e d . M a te r ia l in this p u b lic a tio n is in the p u b lic d o m a in and m a y be r e p ro d u c ed without p e r m is s io n o f th e F e d e r a l G o v e rn m e n t. P le a s e c r e d it the B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s and c ite the nam e and nu m ber o f th is p u b lica tion . Note: A r e p o r t on occu p a tio n a l e a rn in g s in the S a gin a w a r e a is a v a ila b le fo r the lau n d ry and d ry c le a n in g in d u s try (N o v e m b e r 197 8). F r e e c o p ie s a r e a v a ila b le fr o m the B u re a u 's r e g io n a l o f f ic e s . (S e e b ack c o v e r f o r a d d r e s s e s .) Area Wage Survey Saginaw, Michigan, Metropolitan Area November 1978 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary C o n ten ts Page In trod u ctio n __________________________________________ 2 Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood Acting Commissioner February 1979 Bulletin 2025-64 For sale by the Superintendent of Docu ments U S Government Printing Office Washington D C 20402 GPO Bookstores or BLS Regional Offices listed on back cover Price $1 00 Make checks payable to Super intendent ot Documents T ab les: A. E arn in gs, a ll establishm en ts: A - l . W eek ly earnings o f o ffic e w o rk e rs __ A -2 . W eek ly earnings o f p ro fe s s io n a l and techn ical w o r k e r s ______________ A -3 . A v e ra g e w e e k ly earnings of o ffic e , p ro fe s s io n a l, and technical w o rk e rs , by s e x _________ A - 4. H ourly earnings o f m aintenance, to olroom , and pow erplant w o rk e rs _______________________________ A -5 . H ou rly earnings o f m a te ria l m ovem ent and custodial w o rk e rs __ A - 6. A v e ra g e h ou rly earnings o f m aintenance, to o lro o m , p ow erplant, m a te ria l m ovem ent, and custodial w o rk e rs , by s e x _________ A -7 . P e rc e n t in c re a s es in a vera ge hourly earn in gs, adjusted fo r em ploym ent shifts, fo r se lec te d occupational g ro u p s _________________ 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 Page Appendix A . Scope and method o f s u r v e y _________ 9 Appendix B . Occupational d e s c rip tio n s ___________ 13 Introduction T h is a r e a is 1 o f 7 5 in w h ich th e U .S. D e p a rtm e n t o f L a b o r ’ s B u rea u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s con du cts s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s and r e la te d b e n e fits . (S ee lis t o f a r e a s on in s id e b ack c o v e r . ) In e a c h a r e a , o c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s data ( A - s e r i e s t a b le s ) a r e c o lle c t e d an nually. In fo r m a tio n on e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a g e b e n e fits ( B - s e r i e s t a b le s ) is o b ta in ed e v e r y th ir d y e a r . T h is r e p o r t has no B - s e r i e s ta b le s . A - s e r i e s tab les T a b le s A - 1 th rou gh A - 6 p r o v id e e s tim a te s o f s tr a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly o r h o u rly ea rn in g s fo r w o r k e r s in o c c u p a tio n s com m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m an u factu rin g and n on m an u factu rin g in d u s tr ie s . F o r the 31 la r g e s t s u r v e y a r e a s , ta b le s A - 8 th rou gh A - 13 p r o v id e s i m i l a r data f o r e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e . T a b le A - 7 p ro v id e s p e r c e n t ch an ges in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f o f f ic e c le r ic a l w o r k e r s , e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g w o r k e r s , in d u s tr ia l n u r s e s , s k ille d m ain ten an ce tr a d e s w o r k e r s , and u n sk ille d plant w o r k e r s . W h e re p o s s ib le , data a re p r e s e n te d f o r a ll in d u s tr ie s and f o r m a n u fa c tu rin g and nonm anu facturin g s e p a r a t e ly . D ata a r e not p r e s e n te d f o r s k ille d m a in ten a n ce w o r k e r s in n on m an u fa ctu rin g b e c a u s e the n u m b er o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in th is occu p a tio n a l g ro u p in n o n m an u fa ctu rin g is to o s m a ll to w a r r a n t s e p a ra te p re s e n ta tio n . T h is ta b le p r o v id e s a m e a s u r e o f w a g e tr e n d s a fte r e lin im a tio n o f changes in a v e r a g e e a rn in g s ca u s e d by e m p lo y m en t s h ifts am on g e s ta b lis h m e n ts as w e l l as tu r n o v e r o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts in c lu d e d in s u r v e y s a m p le s . F o r fu r th e r d e t a ils , s ee ap p en d ix A. E a ch y e a r a ft e r a ll in d iv id u a l a r e a w a g e s u r v e y s h a ve b een c o m p le te d , tw o s u m m a r y b u lle tin s a r e is s u e d . T h e f i r s t b rin g s t o g e th e r data f o r each m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s u r v e y e d ; the seco n d p re s e n ts n a tio n a l and r e g io n a l e s t im a t e s , p r o je c t e d f r o m in d iv id u a l m e tr o p o lita n a r e a d ata, fo r a ll Stan d ard M e tr o p o lita n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a s in the U n ite d S ta te s , e x c lu d in g A la s k a and H a w a ii. A m a jo r c o n s id e r a tio n in the a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m is the n eed to d e s c r ib e the l e v e l and m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s in a v a r ie t y o f la b o r m a r k e ts , th ro u gh th e a n a ly s is o f (1 ) th e l e v e l and d is trib u tio n o f w a g e s b y oc c u p a tio n , and (2) the m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s by o c c u p a tio n a l c a te g o r y and s k ill l e v e l. T h e p r o g r a m d e v e lo p s in fo r m a tio n th at m a y be u sed f o r m an y p u r p o s e s , in clu d in g w a g e and s a la r y a d m in is tr a tio n , c o lle c t iv e b a r g a in in g , and a s s is ta n c e in d e te rm in in g p lan t lo c a tio n . S u r v e y r e s u lts a ls o a r e used b y th e U .S . D e p a r t m en t o f L a b o r to m a k e w a g d d e te rm in a tio n s under th e S e r v ic e C o n tra c t A c t o f 1965. A p p e n d ix e s A p p en d ix A d e s c r ib e s th e m eth od s and c o n cep ts u sed in the a r e a w a g e s u rv e y p r o g r a m and p r o v id e s in fo r m a tio n on the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . A p p en d ix B p ro v id e s jo b d e s c r ip tio n s m is ts to c la s s ify w o r k e r s by oc c u p a tio n . 2 u sed b y B u re a u f i e l d e c o n o A. Earnings Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Saginaw, Mich., November 1978 Weekly ear ning^^" (standard) Number Oc cupation an d industry division workers Average weekly hours * (standard) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly e a r n in g s o f — A * Mean2 Median2 Middle range2 * * s S S % 1 % s * s S * s % % * % ft 110 120 1 30 140 150 160 170 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 110 120 130 1 40 150 160 170 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 3 80 400 420 - - 3 3 4 4 11 8 10 3 3 “ 21 10 12 5 7 i 6 i ii “ 9 4 11 8 9 - 7 7 9 - “ 1 1 - - 3 3 3 3 7 6 _ i i - 1 1 - - - - * 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 7 6 3 7 4 1 b 9 2 3 100 and u n d er 1 80j 400 420 and over AL L W O R K E R S 1A1 54 3 9 .0 38. 0 $ 2 93.50 233.00 $ 2 93.50 22 6.5 0 $ $ 2 2 0.0 0 -3 61 .5 0 1 7 7 .0 0 -2 93 .0 0 - S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S B ------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------- 36 15 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 2 89.50 1 91.00 30 9.0 0 180.03 1 8 4 .0 0 -3 93 .0 0 1 7 0 .0 0 -1 91 .0 0 - SECRETARIES. CLASS C ------------- 47 3 9 .5 309.50 3 13.00 2 9 1.0 0 -3 54 .5 0 - SECRETARIES. CLASS 0 ------------- 39 3 8 .0 2 39.00 2 4 1.0 0 2 0 7.0 0 -2 78 .0 0 - S T E N O G R A P H E R S ------------------------N O N M ANUF A C T U R I M B ----------------- 53 25 4 0 .0 39. 5 220.00 193.50 220.00 176.50 1 5 7 .5 0 -2 81 .5 0 15 2 • Q0~21 8*5 0 23 4 0 .0 185.00 14 8.0 0 1 3 1 .5 0 -2 20 .5 0 - S E C R E T A R I E S ---------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------- STENOGRAPHERS. G E N E R A L ----------- - - - - - ~ 1 2 2 2 “ ~ i 10 10 5 4 7 10 - - - - 2 2 1 ~ b ~ - - - - - - - - - 2 - - 2 - _ ~ 6 ~ 4 4 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 2 1 3 3 3 “ - 6 4 2 - - - 2 2 2 - 2 3 - - - - - - - 4 6 2 2 1 - - - - - 2 2 - - - ” ” S E N I O R ------------ 30 39. 5 246.50 26 0.0 0 1 7 9 .5 0 -2 89 .0 0 - - - - - 2 3 4 - 1 1 4 T Y P I S T S --------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------- 66 34 32 3 9 .0 40. 0 3 8 .0 1 59.00 174.00 143.00 14 6.0 0 172.00 13 3.0 0 1 1 7.0 0 -1 79 .5 0 1 0 6 .0 0 -2 06 .0 0 120.0 0 -1 54 .0 0 12 12 _ 8 5 4 8 - - 4 3 1 7 6 1 1 1 i - 6 5 1 - - 1 1 - - 2 2 - STENOGRAPHERS. b ~ 3 8 ~ - - “ “ - 8 5 4 5 2 3 1 “ TYPISTS. CLASS A ------------------- 15 39. 5 2 14.50 18 6.5 0 1 5 4 .0 0 -2 82 .0 0 - - - - - 6 - 1 2 1 - - 1 2 - 2 - - - - - TYPISTS. CLASS B ------------------- 51 39. 0 142.50 13 0.0 3 1 1 7 .0 0 -1 7 2 .0 0 12 8 5 4 5 2 1 5 2 6 1 - - - - - - - - - - F I L E C L E R K S ---------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------- 77 73 38. 5 38. 5 144.00 141.03 142.50 1 42.50 1 2 4.5 0 -1 44 .0 0 124.5 0 -1 42 .5 0 6 6 7 7 5 5 34 34 4 4 3 2 1 2 1 - _ i - - - - - - - - " “ 3 3 - “ SUITCHBOARO OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTS M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------- 38 16 22 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 165.50 201.03 1 3 0 .0 0 -1 8 1 .0 0 1 7 7.0 0 -1 88 .5 0 1 2 4 .0 0 -1 42 .0 0 - 3 8 - 3 - 3 - _ - i 1 - i - - - - - i i - ~ - - 1 - - - - 3 3 3 - 3 9 8 1 1 1 8 2 1 1 3 3 1 39.50 1 6 0.5 3 181.00 1 33.50 “ - - - O R D E R C L E R K S -------------------------- 38 39. 5 16 7.5 0 16 6.0 0 1 3 4.5 0 -1 86 .0 0 - 1 9 - 1 2 9 4 7 1 3 1 - - - - - - - - - B ------------- 32 39. 5 158.00 1 66.00 1 2 7.0 0 -1 77 .0 0 - 1 9 - 1 2 8 4 6 1 A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S -------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 213 107 106 39. 5 4 0 .0 39. 5 208.50 233.00 184.00 1 91.00 20 2.0 0 1 70.00 1 5 5 .5 0 -2 52 .0 0 1 6 3 .0 0 -3 31 .5 0 1 5 1 .0 0 -2 00 .0 0 6 6 4 4 16 8 8 7 - b - 24 9 15 20 10 10 17 1 16 30 17 13 5 i 4 ii 7 4 7 2 5 14 14 - - - - 10 10 - - - 5 i 4 4 4 6 17 7 10 10 10 7 A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S . C L A S S A -----M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 113 68 45 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 39. 0 247.00 2 72.50 208.00 2 15.50 272.50 1 98.00 1 9 4.0 0 -3 05 .5 0 2 0 2 .0 0 -3 4 9 .0 0 1 7 3 .0 0 -2 15 .5 0 - - - 23 12 11 i i i - b - - - - i 4 - - 10 10 - _ 1 5 13 13 - b 4 4 5 10 1 9 10 10 2 14 10 4 10 - 2 - 5 - 4 4 A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S . C L A S S 8 -----M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 100 39 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 1 6 5.0 0 164.00 1 2 7.5 0 -1 72 .5 0 1 2 6 .5 0 -1 6 5 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 -1 80 .0 0 6 6 4 4 16 8 8 7 7 2 - 15 7 8 19 9 10 6 6 7 7 7 5 2 - 4 4 - - - - - - - - i 3 1 1 - 4 1 1 - - i i 166.00 1 59.00 1 55.50 16 0.0 0 P A Y R O L L C L E R K S -----------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 32 20 40. 0 178.50 167.50 1 80.00 1 65.00 1 4 7 .0 0 -1 96 .5 0 1 1 7 .5 0 -1 99 .5 0 - 8 8 - - - i i 2 2 4 9 - - i i - - 3 i i - i 5 3 KE Y E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S -----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 90 53 37 1 73.50 2 57.00 153.00 1 4 4 .0 0 -2 62 .5 0 1 6 9 .5 0 -2 92 .5 0 1 3 2 .5 0 -1 7 6 .5 0 - 5 40. 0 3 9 .0 2 05.50 240.00 155.50 4 - 10 8 7 - 10 10 4 3 1 7 7 4 4 2 2 7 7 1 6 6 4 2 3 1 2 2 2 5 8 8 “ 2 ” KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S . C L A S S B --M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 75 39 3 9 .5 40. 0 3 9 .5 1 82.00 207.00 155.00 1 6 9.5 0 1 83.50 15 1.0 0 1 3 8.0 0 -2 18 .5 0 1 6 8.5 0 -2 62 .5 0 1 3 1.0 0 -1 77 .5 0 4 4 - 5 10 8 10 10 2 1 1 7 1 6 4 5 3 7 7 2 7 7 8 5 ORDER CLERKS. CLASS 61 36 40. 0 39. 5 - ii ii 3 - “ “ " - S e e fo o t n o t e s a t en d o f ta b le s . - 3 2 8 8 3 1 - - 1 1 2 - - - i - “ - " 3 3 - “ - “ “ 4 4 ” “ - - ~ “ - - 4 4 4 4 - - - - “ “ 1 1 _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ ~ ~ ■ - - - Table A-2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers in Saginaw, Mich., November 1978 Weekly earnings^™ (standard) Number of woiken Occupation an d industry division Average weekly hours1 (standard) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t- tim e w e e k ly e a r n in g s o f — s Mean2 Median2 Middle range 2 ALL £ S £ £ s S s £ S A S S £ t t £ * £ 170 180 190 200 213 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 A 20 440 460 480 500 180 190 200 210 220 2A0 260 280 300 320 3A0 360 380 A00 A2 0 443 A6 0 480 500 520 1 2 4 2 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 7 2 3 3 3 - and u n d er 170 COMPUTER 4 % 160 WORKERS P ROGRAMMERS (B U SIN E S S) --- AO 39. 5 1 69.50 $ A0A.50 $ $ 26 A .00 -A A A .00 -------------------- 3A 39. 0 3 05.50 333.50 2 0 0 .0 0 -3 9 3 .5 0 3 2 1 3 1 - 5 - 1 - 1 - 1 4 6 i 3 1 - 1 ------ 23 39. 5 298.00 3 5 A . 50 1 9 8.5 0 -3 86 .0 0 3 1 1 1 1 - 3 - 1 - - ~ 1 4 5 i 1 ~ - - - D R A F T E R S -------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 91 91 40. 0 AO. 0 267.50 267.50 2A9.50 2A9.50 1 9 6.0 0 -3 27 .0 0 1 9 6.0 0 -3 27 .0 0 ~ 6 6 16 16 1 1 10 10 i i 6 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 5 5 6 6 5 i i 8 8 2 2 2 2 1 1 - - - - 8 8 - 6 6 i i 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 1 1 3 3 4 ~ 5 5 1 1 2 2 1 1 ~ ~ ~ 6 6 8 8 1 1 4 4 - 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 - 2 2 1 1 - i i - - - - - - COMPUTER OP ERA TO RS COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLAS S B --------------------------------------- 46 46 AO. 0 AO. 0 282.00 282.00 2 76.00 276.00 2 0 7.0 0 ~ 3 A 2 .5 0 2 0 7.0 0 ~ 3 A 2 .5 0 ~ O R A F T E R S . C L A S S C -----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 36 36 AO . 0 AO . 0 2 28.50 2 2 8.50 2 0 2.0 0 2 0 2.0 0 1 9 0.0 0 -2 60 .0 0 1 9 0.0 0 -2 60 .0 0 - DRAFTERS. CLASS MAN UFACTURING B See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s , 5 4 ” - Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex, in Saginaw, Mich., November 1978 Average (mean2) Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division Number of worker* Weekly hours (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) OFFICE OCCU PA TI ON S - WOMEN 119 $ 39. 5 29 9. 00 8 — 35 39. 5 28 7 . 5 0 S T E N O G R A P H E R S ------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ----- 53 25 AO. 0 22 0 . 0 0 39. 5 19 3. 50 SECRETARIES --------------- SECRETARIES* CLASS STENOGRAPHERS* GENERAL 23 no. a 18 5 . 0 0 STENOGRAPHERS. SENIOR 30 39 .5 24 6. 50 66 NONMANUFACTURI NG -------- 39 32 39 .0 1 5 9 . 0 0 40. 0 1 7 4 . 0 0 38. 0 14 3. 00 T Y P I S T S -------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------TYPISTS. CLASS A ------ 15 39. 5 21 A .5 0 TYPISTS. CLASS B ------ 51 39. 0 1 A 2 . 5 0 F I L E C L E R K S --------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ---- 75 71 38 • 5 1 A A . 0 0 38. 0 1 A 1 . 0 0 Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division Weekly hours1 (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) S W I T C H B O A R O OP ER A T O R - R E C E P T I O N I S T S M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S --------------------------------------- 38 16 22 $ 39 . 5 1 6 5 . 5 0 AO. 0 2 0 1 . 0 0 39.5 139.50 OROER C L E R K S --------------------------------------------------------- 31 39. 5 1 6 0 . 0 0 39.5 8 ---------------------------- 30 A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S -------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------ 200 95 105 39.5 202.50 AO. 0 2 2 3 . 0 0 39.5 183.50 A C C O U N T I N G CL ER KS t C L A S S A ------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S --------------------------------------- 103 59 44 39 . 5 2 3 8 . 0 0 39.5 260.50 39 . 0 2 0 8 . 5 0 A C C O U N T I N G CL ER KS . C L A S S 8 --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------- 97 36 61 39 . 5 1 6 A . 0 0 AO . O 1 6 1 . 0 0 39. 5 1 6 6 . 0 0 P A Y R O L L C L E R K S --------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------- 31 19 AO. 0 1 7 5 . 5 0 AO.O 162.00 OR DE R C L E R K S . CL A S S Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly hours1 (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) OFFICE OC CUPATIONS WO ME N— CONTINUED OFFICE OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— CONTINUED S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s . Average (mean2) Average (mean2) Number of workers 5 156.50 KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S -----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ------------------ 84 53 31 $ 90 .0 2 0 5 . 5 0 90. 0 2 9 0 . 0 0 39.5 1 4 7 . 0 0 KEY EN T R Y O P E R A T O R S . C L A S S B ---M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N S ------------------ 69 39 30 40. 0 1 8 1 . 0 0 90. 0 2 0 7 . 0 0 39. 5 1 9 6 . 5 0 D R A F T E R S -------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 83 83 90. 0 2 7 3 . 5 0 90. 0 2 7 3 . 5 0 D R A F T E R S . C L A S S 8 -----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 46 96 40 .0 2 8 2 . 0 0 40. 0 2 8 2 . 0 0 D R A F T E R S . C L A S S C -----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- 28 28 90. 0 2 3 9 . 5 0 90. 0 2 3 9 . 5 0 P R O F E S S I O N A L AND T E C H N I C A L O C C U P A T I O N S - MEN Table A-4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers in Saginaw, Mich., November 1978 NOTE: D a ta f o r m a in te n a n c e and m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a . p o w e r p la n t w ork ers do not Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in Saginaw, Mich., November 1978 6 Table A-6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, powerplant, material movement, and custodial workers, by sex, in Saginaw, Mich., November 1978 Sex, 3 o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s try d iv is io n Number of workers Average (mean* ) hourly earnings4 WAREHOUSEAE N ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- GUAROS AND UATCHAEN ---------------------------------------- of workers Average (mean2 ) hourly earnings 4 A A T E R IA L MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN— CONTINUED MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN TRUCKDRIVERS Number S e x , 3 o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n 1 AD 75 79 2«4 $ 7. 3 1 6• A0 J A N IT O R S . PO RTERS. AND CLEANERS: $ avTwn. n u r * 0 1 u n 1 6T» 6 . 02 f>. 20 M ATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN J A N IT O R S . S e e fo o tn o te s a t end o f ta b le s . 7 PO RTERS. AND CLEANERS ------- 72 5 . 97 Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings, adjusted for employment shifts. for selected occupational groups in Saginaw, Mich., for selected periods In d u s tr y and o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p 5 N o v e m b e r 1974 to N o v e m b e r 1975 N o v e m b e r 1975 to N o v e m b e r 1976 N o v e m b e r 1976 to N o v e m b e r 1977 N o v e m b e r 1977 to N o v e m b e r 1978 A l l in d u s tr ie s : O ffic e c l e r i c a l E le c t r o n ic d ata p r o c e s s in g _____________________________ In d u s tr ia l n u r s e s _________________________________________ S k ille d m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s _____________________________ U n s k ille d p la n t w o r k e r s 7.9 ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) 10.1 7.2 6.7 9.4 (6) ( 6) ( 6) 10.2 ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) 7.4 (6) (6) (6) 8.3 M a n u fa c tu rin g : O ffic e c l e r i c a l ____________________________________________ E le c t r o n ic d ata p r o c e s s in g _____________________________ In d u s t r ia l n u r s e s S k ille d m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s _____________________________ U n s k ille d p la n t w o r k e r s ( 6) (6) (‘ ) (6) ( 6) (6) (6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) (6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g : O ffic e c l e r i c a l ________ _______ ______ __ _ _____ ___ E le c t r o n ic d a ta p r o c e s s in g _____________________________ In d u s t r ia l n u r s e s __________________________________________ U n s k ille d p la n t w o r k e r s _________________________________ ( 6) (‘ ) ( 6) (6) (6) (6) ( 6) (6) (6) ( ) ( 6) (6) ( 6) (6) (6) (6) Footnotes1 2 1 S ta n d a rd h o u rs r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r ie s ( e x c lu s iv e o f p a y f o r o v e r t im e a t r e g u la r a n d / o r p r e m iu m r a t e s ) , and th e e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th e s e w e e k ly h o u rs. 2 T h e m e a n is c o m p u te d f o r e a c h jo b b y t o ta lin g th e e a r n in g s o f a ll w o r k e r s and d iv id in g by the n u m b er o f w o r k e r s . T h e m e d ia n d e s ig n a te s p o s itio n — h a lf o f th e w o r k e r s r e c e i v e the s a m e o r m o r e and h a lf r e c e i v e th e s a m e o r le s s than, th e r a te show n. T h e m id d le r a n g e is d e fin e d b y tw o r a te s o f p a y; a fo u r th o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n the s a m e o r l e s s than the lo w e r o f t h e s e r a te s and a fou rth e a r n the s a m e o r m o r e than the h ig h e r ra te . 3 E a r n in g s data r e la t e o n ly to w o r k e r s w hose s e x id e n t ific a t io n w a s p r o v i d e d b y th e e s ta b lis h m e n t. 4 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p ay fo r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la t e s h ifts . 5 E s tim a te s f o r p e r io d s en din g p r io r to 1976 r e la t e to m e n o n ly f o r s k ille d m a in te n a n c e and u n s k ille d p lan t w o r k e r s . A l l o th e r e s t im a t e s r e la t e to m e n and w o m e n . 6 D ata d o not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a o r d a ta n ot a v a ila b le . 8 Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey O ccu p ation s and ea rn in g s In each o f th e 75 1 a r e a s c u r r e n tly s u rv e y e d , the B u reau ob tain s w a g e s and r e la te d b e n e fits d ata f r o m r e p r e s e n ta tiv e e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in s ix b ro a d in d u s try d iv is io n s : M a n u fa ctu rin g; tr a n s p o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u ra n ce , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s . G o v e rn m en t o p e ra tio n s and th e c o n s tru c tio n and e x t r a c t iv e in d u s tr ie s a r e exc lu d e d . E s ta b lis h m en ts h a vin g f e w e r than a p r e s c r ib e d n u m b er o f w o r k e r s a r e a ls o exclu d ed b eca u se o f in s u ffic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a tio n s stu d ied . A p p e n d ix ta b le 1 shows the nu m b er o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s e s tim a te d to be w ith in the s cop e o f th is s u r v e y , as w e l l as th e n u m b er a c tu a lly studied. O ccu p ation s s e le c te d f o r study a r e com m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m a n u fa c tu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s , and a r e o f th e fo llo w in g ty p e s : (1) O ffic e c le r ic a l; (2 ) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (3) m a in ten an ce, to o lr o o m , and p o w e rp la n t; and (4 ) m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t and c u s to d ia l. O ccu p ation al c la s s ific a t io n is b a sed on a u n ifo rm set o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d esig n ed to take accoun t o f in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia tio n in d u ties w ith in the sam e job. O ccu p ation s s e le c te d f o r study a r e lis te d and d e s c r ib e d in appendix B. U n less o t h e r w is e in d ic a te d , the e a rn in g s data fo llo w in g the job t it le s a r e fo r a ll in d u s trie s c o m b in e d . E a rn in g s data fo r som e o f the o ccu p atio n s lis t e d and d e s c r ib e d , o r fo r s om e in d u s try d iv is io n s w ith in the sc o p e o f the s u r v e y , a r e not p re s e n te d in th e A - s e r i e s ta b le s b eca u se e ith e r (1) e m p lo y m e n t in th e occ u p a tio n is too s m a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it p re s e n ta tio n , o r (2) th e r e is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e o f in d ivid u al e s ta b lis h m e n t data. S e p a ra te m e n 's and w o m e n 's e a rn in g s data a r e not p re s e n te d w hen th e n u m b er o f w o r k e r s not id e n tifie d by s e x is 20 p e rc e n t o r m o r e o f th e m en o r w o m e n id e n tifie d in an oc c u p a tio n . E a rn in g s data not shown s e p a r a t e ly f o r in d u s try d iv is io n s a r e in clu d ed in data fo r a ll in d u s trie s c o m b in e d . ‘ L ik e w is e , f o r occu p a tio n s w ith m o r e than one l e v e l, data a r e in clu d ed in th e o v e r a l l c la s s ific a t io n w hen a s u b c la s s ific a tio n is not shown o r in fo rm a tio n to s u b c la s s ify is not a v a ila b le . B u re a u f ie ld r e p r e s e n t a t iv e s ob tain data by p e r s o n a l v is it s at 3 - y e a r in t e r v a ls . In each o f th e tw o in te rv e n in g y e a r s , in fo rm a tio n on e m p lo y m e n t and o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s on ly is c o lle c te d by a c o m b in a tio n o f p e r s o n a l v i s i t , m a il q u e s tio n n a ir e , and te le p h o n e in t e r v ie w f r o m e s t a b lis h m en ts p a r tic ip a tin g in th e p r e v io u s s u r v e y . A s a m p le o f th e e s ta b lis h m e n ts in the scop e o f the s u r v e y is s e le c te d f o r study p r i o r to ea c h p e rs o n a l v is it s u rv e y . T h is s a m p le , le s s e s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ich go out o f b u s in e s s o r a r e no lo n g e r w ith in th e in d u s tr ia l s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y , is r e ta in e d f o r the fo llo w in g two annual s u r v e y s . In m o s t c a s e s , e s ta b lis h m e n ts n ew to the a r e a a r e not c o n s id e r e d in th e scop e o f th e s u r v e y u n til th e s e le c t io n o f a s a m p le fo r a p e rs o n a l v is it s u r v e y . yhe s a m p lin g p r o c e d u r e s in v o lv e d e ta ile d s t r a tific a tio n o f a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in th e s c o p e o f an in d iv id u a l a re a s u r v e y by in d u s try and n u m b er o f e m p lo y e e s . F r o m th is s tr a tifie d u n iv e r s e a p r o b a b ility s a m p le is s e le c t e d , w ith each e s ta b lis h m e n t h a vin g a p re d e te r m in e d ch an ce o f s e le c tio n . T o o b ta in o p tim u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t, a g r e a t e r p r o p o r tio n o f la r g e than s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts is s e le c te d . W hen data a r e co m b in e d , ea c h e s ta b lis h m e n t is w e ig h te d a c c o r d in g to its p r o b a b ility o f s e le c t io n s o that u n b ia sed e s tim a te s a r e g en e ra ted . F o r e x a m p le , i f one out o f fo u r e s ta b lis h m e n ts is s e le c t e d , it is g ive n a w eig h t o f 4 to r e p r e s e n t i t s e l f plus th r e e o th e r s . A n a lte r n a te o f the sam e o r ig in a l p r o b a b ility is c h o se n in the s a m e in d u s t r y - s iz e c la s s ific a t io n if data a r e not a v a ila b le f r o m the o r ig in a l s a m p le m e m b e r . I f no su ita b le su b stitu te is a v a ila b le , a d d itio n a l w e ig h t is a s s ig n e d to a s a m p le m e m b e r that is s im ila r to the m is s in g unit. O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a rn in g s data a r e shown fo r fu ll- t im e w o r k e r s , i. e ., th o s e h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly sched u le. E arn in gs data e x c lu d e p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w o r k on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . N o n p ro d u c tio n bon uses a r e e x c lu d e d , but c o s t - o f- liv in g a llo w a n c e s and in c e n tiv e bon uses a r e in clu d ed . W e e k ly hours fo r o ffic e c l e r i c a l and p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l occ u p a tio n s r e f e r to the stan dard w o rk w e e k (ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf hour) fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e o f pay fo r o v e r tim e at r e g u la r an d/or p r e m iu m r a t e s ). A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s f o r th e s e occu p ation s a r e rounded to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . V e r t i c a l lin e s w ith in the d is trib u tio n o f w o r k e r s on s om e A - t a b le s in d ic a te a chan ge in the s iz e o f th e c la s s in te r v a ls . T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u r e the l e v e l o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s in an a re a at a p a r tic u la r t im e . C o m p a ris o n s o f in d iv id u a l o c c u p a tio n a l a v e ra g e s o v e r t im e m a y not r e f le c t e x p e c te d w a g e c h an ges. T h e a v e r a g e s for in d ivid u al job s a r e a ffe c t e d by ch an ges in w a g e s and e m p lo y m e n t p a tte r n s . F o r e x a m p le , p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y h ig h - o r lo w - w a g e f ir m s m ay chan ge, o r h ig h -w a g e w o r k e r s m a y ad van ce to b e tte r jo b s and be r e p la c e d by new w o r k e r s at lo w e r r a te s . Such sh ifts in e m p lo y m e n t could d e c r e a s e an o c c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e e v e n though m o s t e s ta b lis h m e n ts in an arfea in c r e a s e w a g e s 1 Included in the 75 areas are 5 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are Akron, Ohio; Birm ingham , A la .; N o rfo lk —V irg in ia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport New s—Ham pton, V a. —N . C . ; Poughkeepsie—Kingston— N ew burgh, N . Y . ; and U tica— Rom e, N . Y . In addition, the Bureau conducts more lim ite d area studies in approxim ately 100 areas at the request o f the Employment Standards Adm inistration of the U . S. Departm ent of Labor. 9 du rin g th e y e a r . C h an ges in e a r n in g s o f o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s , shown in ta b le A - 7 , a r e b e tte r in d ic a to r s o f w a g e tr e n d s than a r e e a rn in g s chan ges fo r in d iv id u a l jo b s w ith in th e g ro u p s . A v e r a g e e a rn in g s r e f le c t c o m p o s ite , a r e a w id e e s tim a te s . In d u s trie s and e s ta b lis h m e n ts d if fe r in p a y l e v e l and jo b s ta ffin g , and thus co n trib u te d iffe r e n t ly to th e e s tim a te s f o r e a c h jo b . P a y a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l to r e f le c t a c c u r a te ly th e w a g e d if fe r e n t ia l am on g jo b s in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts . A v e r a g e p a y l e v e ls f o r m en and w o m en in s e le c te d o ccu p atio n s should not be a s s u m ed to r e f le c t d iffe r e n c e s in p a y o f th e s e x e s w ith in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts . F a c t o r s w h ich m a y c o n trib u te to d iffe r e n c e s include p r o g r e s s io n w ith in e s ta b lis h e d r a te r a n g e s (o n ly the r a te s p aid incum bents a r e c o lle c te d ) and p e r fo r m a n c e o f s p e c ific d u ties w ith in the g e n e ra l s u r v e y job d e s c r ip tio n s . Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed to c la s s ify e m p lo y e e s in th es e s u r v e y s u s u a lly a r e m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th o s e u sed in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m en ts and a llo w f o r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am on g e s ta b lis h m e n ts in s p e c ific d u ties p e r fo r m e d . E le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g S k ille d m a in te n a n c e C om pu ter s y s te m s a n a ly s ts , c la s s e s A , B , and C C om pu ter p r o g r a m m e r s , c la s s e s A , B , and C C om pu ter o p e r a to r s , c la s s e s A , B , and C C a r p e n te r s E le c t r ic ia n s P a in t e r s M a c h in is ts M e c h a n ic s (m a c h in e r y ) M e c h a n ic s (m o to r v e h ic le ) P ip e fitte r s T o o l and d ie m a k e r s In d u s tria l n u rses U n s k ille d plant R e g is t e r e d in d u s tria l n u rses J a n ito r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s M a t e r ia l handling la b o r e r s P e r c e n t chan ges fo r i as fo llo w s : O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s tim a te s r e p r e s e n t th e to ta l in a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e study and not th e n u m b er a c tu a lly s u rv e y e d . B ec a u se o c c u p a tio n a l s tr u c tu r e s am on g e s ta b lis h m e n ts d i f f e r , e s tim a te s o f occu p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t ob ta in ed f r o m th e s a m p le o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts studied s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a te th e r e la t iv e im p o rta n c e o f th e jo b s stu d ied . These d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s tr u c tu r e do not a ffe c t m a t e r ia lly th e a c c u r a c y o f the ea rn in g s data. a r e a s in th e p r o g r a m a r e com p u ted 1. A v e r a g e ea rn in g s a r e com p u ted f o r each occ u p a tio n f o r the 2 y e a r s bein g c o m p a re d . T h e a v e r a g e s a r e d e r iv e d fr o m ea rn in g s in th o s e e s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ich a r e in the s u rv e y both y e a r s ; it is a s s u m ed that e m p lo y m e n t re m a in s unchanged. 2. E ach occu p ation is a s s ig n e d a w e ig h t b a s e d on its p r o p o rtio n a te em p lo ym en t in th e o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p in the b a se y e a r. 3. T h e s e w e ig h ts a r e u sed to com p u te g ro u p a v e r a g e s . E ach o c c u p a tio n 's a v e r a g e e a rn in g s (c o m p u te d in step 1) is m u ltip lie d by its w e ig h t. T h e p ro d u c ts a r e to ta le d to obtain a gro u p a v e r a g e . 4. T h e ra tio o f grou p a v e r a g e s f o r 2 c o n s e c u tiv e y e a r s is com puted by d iv id in g th e a v e r a g e fo r th e c u r re n t y e a r byf the a v e r a g e for the e a r l i e r y e a r . T h e r e s u lt— e x p r e s s e d as a p e rc e n t— le s s 100 is th e p e r c e n t ch an ge. W a ge tr e n d s f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n a l g rou p s T h e p e rc e n t in c r e a s e s p r e s e n te d in ta b le A - 7 a r e b a sed on chan ges in a v e r a g e h o u rly e a r n in g s o f m en and w o m en in e s ta b lis h m e n ts r e p o r tin g the tre n d job s in both th e c u rre n t and p r e v io u s y e a r (m a tc h e d e s ta b lis h m e n ts ). The data a r e ad ju sted to r e m o v e th e e ffe c ts on a v e r a g e e a rn in g s o f e m p lo y m ent s h ifts am on g e s ta b lis h m e n ts and tu r n o v e r o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts inclu d ed in s u r v e y s a m p le s . T h e p e r c e n t in c r e a s e s , h o w e v e r , a r e s t ill a ffe c t e d by fa c to r s o th e r than w a g e in c r e a s e s . H ir in g s , la y o f f s , and tu r n o v e r m a y a ffe c t an e s ta b lis h m en t a v e r a g e f o r an occu p a tio n w hen w o r k e r s a r e p aid under plans p r o v id in g a ra n g e o f w a g e r a te s f o r in d iv id u a l jo b s . In p e r io d s o f in c r e a s e d h ir in g , f o r e x a m p le , n ew e m p lo y e e s m a y e n te r at th e b o tto m o f the r a n g e , d e p r e s s in g the a v e r a g e w ith ou t a chan ge in w a g e r a te s . T h e p e r c e n t ch an ges r e la t e to w a g e ch an ges b e tw e e n th e in d ic a te d d ates. W hen th e t im e span b e tw e e n s u r v e y s is o th e r than 12 m on th s, annual ra te s a r e shown. (It is a s s u m ed that w a g e s in c r e a s e at a con stant ra te b etw een s u r v e y s .) F o r a m o r e d e ta ile d d e s c r ip tio n o f th e m eth o d u sed to com p u te th e s e w a g e tr e n d s , s e e "Im p r o v in g A r e a W a g e S u rv e y I n d e x e s ," M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w , January 1973, pp. 52 -57 . O ccu p ation s u sed to com p u te w a g e tr e n d s a r e : O ffic e c l e r i c a l O ffic e c l e r i c a l — C ontinued S e c r e t a r ie s S te n o g ra p h e rs , g e n e r a l S te n o g ra p h e rs , s e n io r T y p is t s , c la s s e s A and B F i l e c le r k s , c la s s e s A , B , and C M essen g ers S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a to r s O r d e r c le r k s , c la s s e s A and B A c c o u n tin g c le r k s , c la s s e s A and B B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B P a y r o l l c le r k s K e y e n tr y o p e r a t o r s , c la s s e s A and B E s ta b lis h m en t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p r o v is io n s T ab u latio n s on s e le c te d e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p r o v is io n s ( B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) a r e not p r e s e n te d in th is b u lle tin . In fo r m a tio n f o r th es e tab u lation s is c o lle c t e d at 3 - y e a r in t e r v a ls . T h e s e ta b u la tio n s on m in im u m en tra n ce s a la r ie s fo r in e x p e r ie n c e d o f f i c e w o r k e r s ; sh ift d iffe r e n t ia ls ; sch ed u led w e e k ly h o u rs and d a y s; p a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a tio n s ; and h e a lth , in s u ra n ce , and p e n s io n p la n s a r e p r e s e n te d (in th e B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) in p re v io u s b u lle tin s fo r th is a r e a . 10 Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Saginaw, M ich.,1 November 1978 In d u s tr y d iv is io n 2 »L L D IV IS IO N S M in im u m e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b lis h m e n ts in s c o p e o f stu d y ------------------------------------------------------------ m a n u f a c t u r in g --------------------------------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------------t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and OT HE R P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S 5 -----------------------------------W H O L ES A LE T R A D E 6 --------------------------------------------------r e t a il T R A D E 6 --------------------------------------------------------F I N A N C E . I N S U R A N C E . AND R E AL E S T A T E 6 -----------S E R V I C E S 6 7 --------------------------------------------------------------- W ith in s c o p e o f stu dy 4 W ith in s c o p e o f stu dy 1 Stu d ied S tu d ied P ercen t N um ber 4 0 .6 0 8 57 A 6 .070 so 46 17 - 68 40 3 3 . B 62 1 2 .2 0 8 74 26 30*848 9? 7 6 0 50 50 50 50 50 5 7 34 11 11 5 3 19 3.226 837 5 .66 5 6 7 1*492 988 7 2 12 3 2 3 .22 6 515 4.201 1.144 674 H R 1 T h e S a g in a w S ta n d a rd M e tr o p o lita n S ta t is t ic a l A r e a , as d e fin e d b y th e O f f i c e o f M a n a g e m e n t and D u d get th ro u g h F e b r u a r y 1974, c o n s is ts o f S a g in a w C o u n ty . The "w o rk e rs w ith in s c o p e o f s tu d y " e s t im a t e s sh ow n in th is ta b le p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a te d e s c r ip t io n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s itio n o f th e la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y . E s tim a te s a r e not in te n d e d , h o w e v e r , f o r c o m p a r is o n w ith o t h e r e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t tr e n d s o r l e v e l s s in c e (1 ) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s e s ta b lis h m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y r o l l p e r io d s tu d ie d , and (2 ) s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n ts a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y . 2 T h e 1972 e d it io n o f th e S ta n d a rd In d u s tr ia l C la s s if ic a t io n M anual was u s e d in c l a s s if y in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n . H o w e v e r , a ll g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t io n s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . 3 In c lu d e s a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith t o t a l e m p lo y m e n t at o r a b o v e th e m in im u m lim it a t io n . A l l o u tle ts (w ith in the a r e a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in in d u s tr ie s su ch as t r a d e , W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts N u m b e r o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts . _100 ... fin a n c e , auto r e p a i r s e r v i c e , and m o tio n p ic t u r e th e a t e r s a r e c o n s id e r e d as one e s ta b lis h m e n t. 4 In c lu d e s a ll w o r k e r s in a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith t o t a l e m p lo y m e n t (w ith in the a r e a ) at o r a b o v e th e m in im u m lim it a t io n . 5 A b b r e v ia t e d to " p u b lic u t i l i t i e s " in th e A - s e r i e s ta b le s . T a x ic a b s and s e r v i c e s in c id e n ta l to w a t e r tr a n s p o r t a t io n a r e e x c lu d e d . S a g in a w 's t r a n s it s y s te m is m u n ic ip a lly o w n e d and is e x c lu d e d b y d e fin itio n f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e stu dy. 6 S e p a r a te p r e s e n t a t io n o f data is n ot m a d e f o r th is d iv is io n . 7 H o te ls and m o t e ls ; la u n d r ie s and o t h e r p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a i r , r e n t a l, and p a r k in g ; m o tio n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p r o fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a t io n s (e x c lu d in g r e lig io u s and c h a r ita b le o r g a n iz a t io n s ); and e n g in e e r in g and a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . 11 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions T h e p r im a r y p u rp o s e o f p re p a r in g job d e s c r ip tio n s fo r the B u re a u 's w a g e s u r v e y s is to a s s is t its fie ld s ta ff in c la s s ify in g into a p p ro p ria te o c c u p a tio n s w o r k e r s who a r e em p lo ye d under a v a r ie t y o f p a y r o ll t it le s and d iffe r e n t w o r k a r ra n g e m e n ts fr o m e s ta b lis h m en t to e s ta b lis h m e n t and f r o m a r e a to a r e a . T h is p e rm its th e g ro u p in g o f o c c u p a tio n a l w a g e r a te s r e p r e s e n tin g c o m p a ra b le job content. B ec a u se o f th is e m p h a s is on in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t and in te r a r e a c o m p a r a b ilit y o f o c c u p a tio n a l con ten t, th e B u rea u 's job d e s c r ip tio n s m ay d if fe r s ig n ific a n tly fr o m th o s e in u se in in d iv id u a l es ta b lis h m en ts o r th o s e p re p a r e d fo r o th e r p u rp o s e s . In a p p lyin g th e s e job d e s c r ip tio n s , the B u re a u 's fie ld e c o n o m is ts a r e in s tru c te d to exclu d e w o rk in g s u p e r v is o r s ; a p p re n tic e s ; and p a r t - t im e , t e m p o r a r y , a n d p ro b a tio n a r y w o r k e r s . H an dicapped w o r k e r s w h o s e e a r n in g s a r e red u ced b eca u se o f th e ir handicap a re a ls o ex c lu d e d . L e a r n e r s , b e g in n e r s , and t r a in e e s , u n less s p e c ific a lly inclu d ed in the jo b d e s c r ip tio n , a r e exclu d ed . Office SECRETARY S E C R E T A R Y — C ontinued A s s ig n e d as p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o r m a lly to one in d iv id u a l. M a in ta in s a c lo s e and h ig h ly r e s p o n s iv e r e la tio n s h ip to the d a y -to -d a y w o rk o f the s u p e r v is o r . W o r k s f a i r l y in d e p e n d e n tly r e c e iv in g a m in im u m o f d e ta ile d s u p e r v is io n and g u id a n c e . P e r f o r m s v a r ie d c l e r ic a l and s e c r e t a r ia l d u tie s , u s u a lly in c lu d in g m o s t o f the f o llo w in g ; M a y a ls o p e r f o r m o th e r c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r ia l tasks o f c o m p a ra b le n a tu re and d iffic u lt y . T h e w o rk ty p ic a lly r e q u ir e s k n o w le d g e o f o ffic e routin e and u n d erstan d in g o f the o r g a n iz a tio n , p r o g r a m s , and p ro c e d u r e s re la te d to the w o r k o f the s u p e r v is o r . E x c lu s io n s a . R e c e iv e s te le p h o n e c a lls , p e rs o n a l c a lle r s , and in c o m in g m a il, a n s w e r s ro u tin e in q u ir ie s , and rou tes te c h n ic a l in q u irie s to the p r o p e r p erso n s; b. c. in s tr u c te d ; E s ta b lis h e s , m a in ta in s , and r e v is e s the s u p e r v is o r 's f ile s ; M a in ta in s the s u p e r v is o r 's c a le n d a r and m a k es ap p oin tm en ts as N o t a ll p o s itio n s that a r e title d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the ab ove c h a r a c t e r is t ic s . E x a m p le s o f p o s itio n s w h ich a r e e xclu d ed f r o m the d e fin itio n a re as fo llo w s : a. d e s c r ib e d a b o v e ; b. d. R e la y s m e s s a g e s f r o m s u p e r v is o r to s u b ord in a tes; e . R e v ie w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m em o ra n d a , and r e p o r ts p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s f o r the s u p e r v is o r 's s ig n a tu r e to a s s u r e p r o c e d u r a l and ty p o g ra p h ic accu racy; f. P e r fo r m s s te n o g r a p h ic and ty p in g w o rk . s io n a l, P o s itio n s w h ich do n o t m e e t the " p e r s o n a l" s e cre ta ry con cep S te n o g ra p h e rs not f u lly tra in e d in s e c r e t a r ia l- t y p e d u ties; c . S te n o g ra p h e rs s e r v in g as o ffic e a s s is ta n ts to a group o f p r o f e s te c h n ic a l, o r m a n a g e r ia l p e rs o n s ; d. S e c r e t a r y p o s itio n s in w h ich the d u ties a r e e ith e r su b sta n tia l m o r e ro u tin e o r s u b s ta n tia lly m o r e c o m p le x and r e s p o n s ib le than th ose c h a r a c t e r iz e d in the d e fin itio n ; SECRETARY— Continued SECRETARY— Continued C la s s C E x c lu s io n s — C ontinued e. A s s is ta n t - ty p e p o s itio n s w h ich in v o lv e m o r e d iffic u lt o r m o r e 1. S e c r e t a r y to an e x e c u tiv e o r m a n a g e r ia l p e rs o n w h ose r e s p o n r e s p o n s ib le te c h n ic a l, a d m in is tr a tiv e , s u p e r v is o r y , o r s p e c ia liz e d c l e r i c a l s ib ilit y is not equ ivalen t to one o f the s p e c ific l e v e l situ a tion s in the d e fin itio n d u ties w h ich a r e not t y p ic a l o f s e c r e t a r ia l w o rk . fo r c la s s B , but w h ose o r g a n iz a tio n a l unit n o r m a lly n u m b e rs at le a s t s e v e r a l d o ze n e m p lo y e e s and is u su ally d iv id e d in to o r g a n iz a tio n a l s e g m e n ts w h ich a r e o fte n , in tu rn , fu rth e r su b d ivid ed . In s om e c o m p a n ie s , th is l e v e l in c lu d e s a NO TE: T h e t e r m "c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r , " u sed in the l e v e l d e fin itio n s w id e ra n g e o f o r g a n iz a tio n a l e c h e lo n s ; in o t h e r s , o n ly one o r tw o ; o r fo llo w in g , r e f e r s to th o s e o f f ic ia ls who h ave a s ig n ific a n t c o r p o r a te w id e p o lic y m a k in g r o le w ith r e g a r d to m a jo r com p a n y a c t iv it ie s . T h e t it le " v ic e 2. S e c r e t a r y to the head o f an in d iv id u a l p lan t, fa c t o r y , e tc . (o r p re s id e n t, " though n o r m a lly in d ic a tiv e o f th is r o le , d o e s not in a ll c a s e s o th e r e q u iv a le n t l e v e l o f o f f ic i a l ) that e m p lo y s , in a ll, fe w e r than 5, 000 id e n tify such p o s itio n s . V ic e p r e s id e n ts w h ose p r im a r y r e s p o n s ib ilit y is to p erson s. act p e r s o n a lly on in d iv id u a l c a s e s o r tr a n s a c tio n s (e . g . , a p p ro v e o r deny in d iv id u a l loan o r c r e d it a c tio n s ; a d m in is te r in d iv id u a l tr u s t a ccou n ts; d ir e c t ly C la s s D s u p e rv is e a c l e r i c a l s ta ff) a r e not c o n s id e r e d to be " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " f o r 1. S e c r e t a r y to the s u p e r v is o r o r head o f a s m a ll o r g a n iz a tio n a l unit p u rp o s es o f a p p lyin g the fo llo w in g le v e l d e fin itio n s . (e . g . , f e w e r than about 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ); 0£ C la s s A 1. S e c r e t a r y to th e c h a irm a n o f the b o a rd o r p re s id e n t o f a com p an y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but f e w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 2. S e c r e t a r y to a n o n s u p e r v is o r y s t a f f s p e c ia lis t , p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e , a d m in is tr a tiv e o f f ic e r , o r a s s is ta n t, s k ille d te c h n ic ia n , o r e x p e r t. (N O T E : M any com p a n ie s a s s ig n s te n o g r a p h e r s , r a th e r than s e c r e t a r ie s as d e s c r ib e d ab ove, to th is l e v e l o f s u p e r v is o r y o r n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r .) STENO G RAPH ER 2. S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a te o f f i c e r (o th e r than the c h a irm a n o f the b oa rd o r p r e s id e n t) o f a com p an y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5, 000 but fe w e r than 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e t a r y to the head, im m e d ia te ly b e lo w the c o r p o r a te o f f ic e r le v e l, o f a m a jo r s e g m e n t o r s u b s id ia ry o f a com p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 25,000 p e r s o n s .*1 C la s s B P r im a r y duty is to take d ic ta tio n u sin g shorth and , and to t r a n s c r ib e the d ic ta tio n . M ay a lso typ e fr o m w r itte n c o p y . M a y o p e r a te f r o m a s te n o g ra p h ic p oo l. M ay o c c a s io n a lly t r a n s c r ib e fr o m v o ic e r e c o r d in g s ( i f p r im a r y duty is tr a n s c r ib in g fr o m r e c o r d in g s , s e e T r a n s c r ib in g - M a c h in e T y p is t ). N O T E : T h is jo b is d is tin g u is h e d f r o m that o f a s e c r e t a r y in that a s e c r e t a r y n o r m a lly w o rk s in a c o n fid e n tia l r e la tio n s h ip w ith o n ly one m a n a g e r o r e x e c u tiv e and p e r fo r m s m o r e r e s p o n s ib le and d is c r e t io n a r y ta s k s as d e s c r ib e d in the s e c r e t a r y job d e fin itio n . 1. S e c r e t a r y to the c h a irm a n o f the b o a rd o r p re s id e n t o f a com p an y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, f e w e r than 100 p e r s o n s ; o r 2. S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a te o f f i c e r (o th e r than th e c h a irm a n o f the b o a rd o r p r e s id e n t) o f a c om p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but fe w e r than 5 ,00 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e t a r y to the head, im m e d ia te ly b e lo w the o f f ic e r l e v e l , o v e r e ith e r a m a jo r c o r p o r a tio n w id e fu n c tio n a l a c t iv it y (e . g . , m a r k e tin g , r e s e a r c h , o p e r a tio n s , in d u s tr ia l r e la t io n s , e tc .) o r a m a jo r g e o g r a p h ic o r o r g a n iz a tio n a l segm e n t (e . g . , a r e g io n a l h e a d q u a rte r s ; a m a jo r d iv is io n ) o f a com p an y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 but f e w e r than 2 5 ,0 0 0 e m p lo y e e s ; o r S ten og ra p h e r, G e n e r a l k e ep D ic ta tio n in v o lv e s a n o r m a l ro u tin e v o c a b u la r y . M a y m a in ta in f i l e s , s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r fo r m o th e r r e l a t i v e l y rou tin e c l e r i c a l ta s k s . S ten o g ra p h e r, S e n io r D ic ta tio n in v o lv e s a v a r ie d t e c h n ic a l d r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y such as in le g a l b r ie fs o r r e p o r ts on s c ie n t ific r e s e a r c h . M a y a ls o set up and m a in ta in f i l e s , k eep r e c o r d s , e tc . OR P e r f o r m s s te n o gra p h ic d u tie s r e q u ir in g s ig n ific a n tly g r e a t e r in d e p en d en ce and r e s p o n s ib ilit y than s te n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l, as e v id e n c e d by the fo llo w in g : W ork r e q u ir e s a high d e g r e e o f s te n o g r a p h ic s p eed and a c c u r a c y ; 4. S e c r e t a r y to the head o f an in d iv id u a l p lan t, f a c t o r y , e tc . (o r a th orou gh w o rk in g k n ow led ge o f g e n e r a l b u s in e s s and o f f ic e p r o c e d u r e ; and o th e r e q u iv a le n t l e v e l o f o f f ic ia l) that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r o f the s p e c ific b u sin ess o p e r a tio n s , o r g a n iz a tio n , p o lic ie s , p r o c e d u r e s , f i l e s , w o r k flo w , e tc . U ses th is k n o w le d g e in p e r fo r m in g s te n o g ra p h ic d u tie s and e snpaoln s ib le c le r ic a l ta s k s such as m a in ta in in g fo llo w u p f i l e s ; a s s e m b lin g 5. S e c r e t a r y to the head o f a la r g e and im p o rta n t o r g a n iz a rtio m a t e r ia l f o r r e p o r ts , m e m o ra n d a , and l e t t e r s ; c o m p o s in g s im p le l e t t e r s s e gm e n t ( e . g . , a m id d le m a n a g e m e n t s u p e r v is o r o f an o r g a n iz a tio n a l s e g m e n t f r o m g e n e r a l in s tru c tio n s ; re a d in g and ro u tin g in c o m in g m a il; and a n s w e r in g o fte n in v o lv in g as m an y as s e v e r a l hundred p e r s o n s ) o r a c om p an y that rou tin e q u e s tio n s , e tc . e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s . T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E T Y P IS T MESSENGER P r i m a r y duty is to ty p e cop y o f v o ic e r e c o r d e d d ic ta tio n w h ich does not in v o lv e v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y such as that used in le g a l b r ie f s o r r e p o r t s on s c ie n t ific r e s e a r c h . M a y a ls o ty p e f r o m w r itte n copy. M a y m a in ta in f i l e s , k e ep s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r fo r m o th e r r e la t iv e ly ro u tin e c l e r i c a l ta s k s . (S e e S ten o g ra p h e r d e fin itio n f o r w o r k e r s in v o lv e d w ith shorth and d ic ta tio n .) P e r f o r m s v a r io u s rou tin e duties such as running e rr a n d s , op e ra tin g m in o r o f f ic e m a c h in e s such as s e a le r s o r m a ile r s , openin g and d is trib u tin g m a il, and o th e r m in o r c le r ic a l w o rk . E x c lu d e p o s itio n s that r e q u ir e o p e r a tio n o f a m o to r v e h ic le as a s ig n ific a n t duty. S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R O p e ra te s a te le p h o n e s w itc h b o a rd o r c o n s o le used w ith a p r iv a t e b ra n ch exch a n ge (P B X ) s y s te m to r e la y in c o m in g , o u tgo in g , and in tra s y s te m c a lls . M a y p r o v id e in fo rm a tio n to c a l l e r s , r e c o r d and tra n s m it m e s s a g e s , k e ep r e c o r d o f c a lls p la c e d and t o ll c h a r g e s . B e s id e s o p e ra tin g a telep h on e s w itc h b o a rd o r c o n s o le , m a y a ls o ty p e o r p e r f o r m rou tin e c l e r i c a l w o rk (ty p in g o r rou tin e c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y occu p y the m a jo r p o r tio n o f the w o r k e r 's t im e , and is u s u a lly p e r fo r m e d w h ile at the s w itc h b o a rd o r c o n s o le ). C h ie f o r le a d o p e r a to r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than one o p e r a to r a re exclu d ed . F o r an o p e r a to r who a ls o a cts as a r e c e p tio n is t, s ee Sw itchb oard O p e r a to r - R e c e p tio n is t. T Y P IS T U s e s a t y p e w r it e r to m ak e c o p ie s o f v a r io u s m a t e r ia ls o r to m ak e out b ills a fte r c a lc u la tio n s h a v e b een m ad e b y an oth er p e rs o n . M a y in clu d e ty p in g o f s t e n c ils , m a ts , o r s im ila r m a te r ia ls f o r use in d u p lic a tin g p r o c esses. M a y do c l e r i c a l w o r k in v o lv in g lit t le s p e c ia l tr a in in g , such as k e e p in g s im p le r e c o r d s , f ilin g r e c o r d s and r e p o r ts , o r s o rtin g and d is trib u tin g in c o m in g m a il. C la s s A . P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g ; T y p in g m a t e r ia l in fin a l fo r m w hen i t in v o lv e s c om b in in g m a t e r ia l fr o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; o r r e s p o n s ib ilit y f o r c o r r e c t s p e llin g , s y lla b ic a tio n , punctuation, e tc ., o f t e c h n ic a l o r unusual w o r d s o r fo r e ig n lan gu age m a te r ia l; o r plann ing la y ou t and ty p in g o f c o m p lic a te d s t a t is t ic a l ta b le s to m a in ta in u n ifo r m ity and b a la n ce in s p a c in g . M a y ty p e ro u tin e fo r m le t t e r s , v a r y in g d e ta ils to suit c ir c u m s ta n c e s . S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R - R E C E P T IO N IS T At a an o p e r a to r — w o r k in v o lv e s b u sin ess and p r ia te p e rs o n a r ra n g in g an C la s s B . P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : C o p y ty p in g f r o m rou gh o r c le a r d r a ft s ; o r rou tin e ty p in g o f fo r m s , in s u ra n ce p o lic ie s , e tc .; o r s e ttin g up s im p le sta n d a rd ta b u la tio n s; o r c op yin g m o r e c o m p le x ta b le s a lr e a d y s e t up and s p a c ed p r o p e r ly . ORDER C LE R K R e c e iv e s w r itte n o r v e r b a l c u s to m e r s ' p u rch a s e o r d e r s fo r m a te r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e f r o m c u s to m e rs o r s a le s p e o p le . W o rk t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s som e c o m b in a tio n o f th e fo llo w in g d u tie s ; Q uoting p r ic e s ; d e te rm in in g a v a i l a b ility o f o r d e r e d ite m s and s u g g e s tin g su b stitu tes when n e c e s s a r y ; ad visin g e x p e c te d d e liv e r y d ate and m ethod o f d e liv e r y ; r e c o r d in g o r d e r and c u s to m e r in fo rm a tio n on o r d e r sh eets; c h eck in g o r d e r sh eets fo r a c c u r a c y and ad equ acy o f in fo rm a tio n r e c o r d e d ; a s c e r ta in in g c r e d it ratin g o f c u s to m e r; fu rn is h in g c u s to m e r w ith ac k n o w le d g e m e n t o f r e c e ip t o f o r d e r ; fo llo w in g -u p to s e e that o r d e r is d e liv e r e d b y the s p e c ifie d date o r to le t c u s to m e r know o f a d e la y in d e liv e r y ; m a in ta in in g o r d e r f i l e ; ch eck in g shipping in v o ic e a g a in s t o r ig in a l o r d e r . F IL E C L E R K F i l e s , c l a s s i f i e s , and r e t r ie v e s m a t e r ia l in an e s ta b lis h e d filin g s y s te m . M a y p e r f o r m c l e r i c a l and m anu al task s r e q u ire d to m a in ta in f i l e s . P o s it io n s a r e c l a s s i f i e d in to l e v e ls on the b a s is o f the fo llo w in g d e fin itio n s . C la s s A . C l a s s if ie s and in d e x e s f i l e m a t e r ia l such as c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , r e p o r t s , te c h n ic a l d o c u m e n ts , e tc ., in an e s ta b lis h e d f ilin g s y s te m c o n ta in in g a n u m b e r o f v a r ie d s u b je ct m a tte r f ile s . M a y a ls o f i l e th is m a t e r ia l. M a y k e e p r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s ty p es in con ju n ction w ith the f i l e s . M a y le a d a s m a ll g ro u p o f lo w e r l e v e l f i l e c le r k s . E x c lu d e w o r k e r s p aid on a c o m m is s io n b a s is o r w h ose duties in clu d e any o f th e fo llo w in g : R e c e iv in g o r d e r s fo r s e r v ic e s r a th e r than fo r m a t e r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e ; p r o v id in g c u s to m e rs w ith con su lta tiv e a d v ic e u sing k n o w le d g e ga in ed f r o m e n g in e e rin g o r e x te n s iv e te c h n ic a l tra in in g ; e m p h a s iz in g s e llin g s k ills ; handling m a t e r ia l o r m e rc h a n d is e as an in t e g r a l p a rt o f th e jo b . C la s s B. S o r t s , c o d e s , and f ile s u n c la s s ifie d m a t e r ia l b y s im p le (s u b je c t m a t t e r ) h e a d in g s o r p a r t ly c la s s ifie d m a t e r ia l b y f in e r su b head ings. P r e p a r e s s im p le r e la te d in d e x and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e a id s . A s re q u e s te d , lo c a t e s c l e a r l y id e n t ifie d m a t e r ia l in f ile s and fo r w a r d s m a t e r ia l. M ay p e rfo r m r e la te d c l e r i c a l ta s k s r e q u ir e d to m a in ta in and s e r v ic e f i l e s . P o s itio n s d e fin itio n s : C la s s C . P e r f o r m s ro u tin e filin g o f m a t e r ia l that has a lr e a d y b een c la s s i fi e d o r w h ich is e a s i l y c la s s ifie d in a s im p le s e r ia l c la s s ific a t io n s y s te m (e . g . , a lp h a b e tic a l, c h r o n o lo g ic a l, o r n u m e r ic a l). As re q u e s te d , lo c a t e s r e a d ily a v a ila b le m a t e r ia l in f ile s and fo r w a r d s m a t e r ia ls ; and m a y f i l l out w ith d r a w a l c h a r g e . M a y p e r fo r m s im p le c l e r ic a l and m an u al tasks r e q u ir e d to m a in ta in and s e r v ic e f i l e s . s in g le -p o s itio n te le p h o n e s w itc h b o a rd o r c o n s o le , acts both as s e e S w itch b oa rd O p e ra to r — and as a r e c e p tio n is t. R e ce p tio n is t's such du ties as g r e e tin g v is it o r s ; d e te rm in in g nature o f v is ito r 's p r o v id in g a p p ro p ria te in fo rm a tio n ; r e f e r r i n g v is it o r to a p p r o in th e o r g a n iz a tio n o r c on ta ctin g that p e rs o n by telep h on e and ap p oin tm en t; k e ep in g a lo g o f v is it o r s . are c la s s ifie d into le v e l s a c c o r d in g to the fo llo w in g C la s s A . H a n d les o r d e r s that in v o lv e m ak in g ju d gm ents such as c h o osin g w h ich s p e c ific p ro d u c t o r m a t e r ia l fr o m th e e s ta b lis h m e n t's p rod u ct lin e s w i l l s a tis fy th e c u s to m e r 's n e e d s , o r d e te rm in in g the p r ic e to be quoted w h en p r ic in g in v o lv e s m o r e than m e r e ly r e f e r r i n g to a p r ic e lis t o r m ak in g s om e s im p le m a th e m a tic a l c a lc u la tio n s . 15 ORDER C L E R K — Continued B O O K K E E PIN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R — Continued C la s s B . H an d les o r d e r s in v o lv in g ite m s w h ich h ave r e a d ily id e n t if ie d uses and a p p lic a tio n s . M a y r e f e r to a c a ta lo g , m a n u fa c tu r e r 's m anual, o r s im ila r docum ent to in s iir e that p r o p e r ite m is s u p p lied o r to v e r i f y p r ic e o f o r d e r e d ite m . c o s t d is trib u tio n , exp en se d is trib u tio n , in v e n to r y c o n tr o l, e tc . o r a s s is t in p re p a ra tio n o f t r i a l b a la n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n tr o l the accou n ting d ep a rtm en t. M A C H IN E B IL L E R A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e a ccou n tin g c le r i c a l ta s k s such as p o s tin g to r e g is t e r s and le d g e r s ; r e c o n c ilin g bank a ccou n ts; v e r if y in g th e in te rn a l c o n s is te n c y , c o m p le te n e s s , and m a th e m a tic a l a c c u r a c y o f accou n tin g d ocu m en ts; a s s ig n in g p r e s c r ib e d accou n tin g d is trib u tio n c o d e s ; ex a m in in g and v e r ify in g fo r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y v a r io u s ty p e s o f r e p o r t s , lis t s , c a lc u la tio n s , p o s tin g , e tc .; o r p r e p a r in g s im p le o r a s s is tin g in p r e p a r in g m o r e c o m p lic a te d jo u rn a l v o u c h e rs . M a y w o r k in e ith e r a m anual o r au tom ated a ccou n tin g s y s te m . T h e w o r k r e q u ir e s a k n o w le d g e o f c l e r i c a l m eth od s and o f f ic e p r a c t ic e s and p r o c e d u r e s w h ich r e la t e s to th e c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s in g and r e c o r d in g o f tr a n s a c tio n s and accou n tin g in fo rm a tio n . W ith e x p e r ie n c e , the w o r k e r ty p ic a lly b e c o m e s f a m ilia r w ith th e b o o k k e e p in g and a ccou n tin g te r m s and p r o c e d u r e s u sed in th e a s s ig n e d w o r k , but is not r e q u ir e d to h ave a k n o w le d g e o f th e fo r m a l p r in c ip le s o f b oo k k eep in g and a ccou n tin g . P o s itio n s a r e c la s s ifie d d e fin itio n s : into le v e ls on th e b a s is o f the fo llo w in g C la s s A . U n der g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n , p e r fo r m s accou n ting c l e r i c a l o p e ra tio n s w h ich r e q u ir e th e a p p lic a tio n o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju d g m e n t, fo r e x a m p le , c l e r i c a l l y p r o c e s s in g c o m p lic a te d or n o n r e p e titiv e a ccou n tin g t r a n s a c tio n s , s e le c tin g am ong a s u b stan tial v a r ie t y o f p r e s c r ib e d accou n tin g c od es and c la s s ific a t io n s , o r t r a c in g tr a n s a c tio n s th ro u gh p re v io u s accou n ting actio n s to d e te rm in e s o u r c e o f d is c r e p a n c ie s . M a y be a s s is te d by one o r m o r e c la s s B accou n tin g c le r k s . C la s s B . U n der c lo s e s u p e r v is io n , fo llo w in g d e ta ile d in s tru c tio n s and s ta n d a rd ize d p r o c e d u r e s , p e r fo r m s one o r m o r e ro u tin e accou n tin g c l e r ic a l o p e r a tio n s , such as p o s tin g to le d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w o rk s h e e ts w h e r e id e n tific a tio n o f ite m s and lo c a tio n s o f p o s tin g s a r e c le a r ly in d ica ted ; ch eck in g a c c u r a c y and c o m p le te n e s s o f 's ta n d a r d iz e d and r e p e t it iv e r e c o r d s o r accou n tin g d ocu m en ts; and cod in g d ocu m en ts u sin g a fe w p r e s c r ib e d accoun ting c o d e s . B O O K K E E P IN G - M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p e ra te s a b o o k k eep in g m a c h in e (w ith o r w ith ou t a t y p e w r it e r k e y b oard ) to k e ep a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s tr a n s a c tio n s . C la s s A . K e e p s a set o f r e c o r d s r e q u ir in g a k n o w led g e o f and e x p e rie n c e in b a s ic b o o k k e e p in g p r in c ip le s , and f a m ilia r it y w ith th e s tru c tu re o f th e p a r tic u la r a ccou n tin g s y s te m u sed . D e te r m in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d is trib u tio n o f d eb it and c r e d it ite m s to be u sed in each ph ase o f the w o rk . M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o lid a te d r e p o r t s , b a la n c e s h e e ts , and o th e r r e c o r d s by hand. C la s s B . K e e p s a r e c o r d o f one o r m o r e p h ases o r s e c tio n s o f a set o f r e c o r d s u s u a lly r e q u ir in g lit t le k n o w le d g e o f b a s ic b oo k k e e p in g . P h a s e s o r s e c tio n s in clu d e accou n ts p a y a b le , p a y r o ll, c u s t o m e r s 1 accoun ts (not in clu d in g a s im p le ty p e o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d u n der m ach in e b i l l e r ) , M a y ch e c k s h eets fo r P r e p a r e s s ta te m e n ts , b ills , and in v o ic e s on a m a c h in e o th e r than an o r d in a r y o r e le c t r o m a t ic t y p e w r it e r . M a y a ls o k eep r e c o r d s as to b illin g s o r shipping c h a rg e s o r p e r fo r m o th e r c l e r i c a l w o r k in c id e n ta l to b illin g o p e r a tio n s . F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , m a ch in e b i l l e r s a r e c la s s ifie d by ty p e o f m a c h in e , as fo llo w s : B illin g -m a c h in e b ille r . U s e s a s p e c ia l b illin g m a c h in e (c o m b in a tio n ty p in g and adding m ach in e) to p r e p a r e b ills and in v o ic e s f r o m c u s to m e r s ' p u rch a s e o r d e r s , in te r n a lly p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , sh ip p in g m e m o r a n d a , e tc . U s u a lly in v o lv e s a p p lic a tio n o f p r e d e te r m in e d d isco u n ts and ship p ing c h a r g e s and e n tr y o f n e c e s s a r y e x te n s io n s , w h ich m a y o r m a y not be com p u ted on the b illin g m ach in e, and to ta ls w h ich a r e a u to m a tic a lly a c c u m u la te d by m a ch in e. The o p e ra tio n u su ally in v o lv e s a la r g e n u m b er o f c a rb o n c o p ie s o f th e b i l l being p re p a r e d and is o fte n done on a fa n fo ld m a c h in e . B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e b i l l e r . U s e s a b oo k k eep in g m a c h in e (w ith o r w ith out a t y p e w r ite r k eyb oa rd ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b i l l s as p a r t o f the accou n ts r e c e iv a b le o p e ra tion . G e n e r a lly in v o lv e s th e sim u lta n eo u s e n tr y o f fig u r e s on c u s to m e rs ' le d g e r r e c o r d . T h e m a c h in e a u to m a tic a lly a c c u m u la te s fig u r e s on a nu m ber o f v e r t ic a l colu m n s and com p u tes and u s u a lly p rin ts a u to m a tic a lly the debit o r c r e d it b a la n c e s . D oes not in v o lv e a k n o w le d g e o f b oo k k eep in g. W o rk s f r o m u n ifo r m and stan dard ty p e s o f s a le s and c r e d it s lip s . P A Y R O L L CLERK P e r fo r m s the c le r ic a l ta s k s n e c e s s a r y to p r o c e s s p a y r o lls and to m ain ta in p a y r o ll r e c o r d s . W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : P r o c e s s in g w o r k e r s ' tim e o r p ro d u ction r e c o r d s ; ad ju stin g w o r k e r s ' r e c o r d s f o r chan ges in w a g e r a te s , s u p p lem en ta ry b e n e fits , o r ta x d e d u ctio n s ; e d itin g p a y r o ll lis tin g s again st s o u rc e r e c o r d s ; tr a c in g and c o r r e c t in g e r r o r s in lis tin g s ; and a s s is tin g in p re p a r a tio n o f p e r io d ic s u m m a r y p a y r o ll r e p o r t s . In a non au tom ated p a y r o ll s y s te m , com p u tes w a g e s . W o rk m a y r e q u ir e a p r a c t ic a l k n o w led g e o f g o v e rn m e n ta l r e g u la tio n s , com p a n y p a y r o ll p o lic y , o r th e c o m p u te r s y s te m fo r p r o c e s s in g p a y r o lls . KEY E N TR Y O PERATO R O p e ra te s a keypunch m a c h in e to r e c o r d o r v e r i f y a lp h a b e tic an d/or n u m e ric data on tab u la tin g c a rd s o r on ta p e . P o s itio n s d e fin itio n s . a r e c la s s ifie d into le v e l s on th e b a s is o f the fo llo w in g C la ss A . W o rk r e q u ir e s th e a p p lic a tio n o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju d gm en t in s e le c tin g p ro c e d u r e s to be fo llo w e d and in s e a rc h in g f o r , in t e r p r e tin g , s e le c tin g , or cod in g ite m s to be k eypun ch ed f r o m a v a r ie t y o f s o u r c e d o c u m en ts . On o c c a s io n m a y a lso p e r f o r m s o m e ro u tin e keypunch w o rk . M ay t r a in in e x p e r ie n c e d keypunch o p e r a t o r s . K E Y E N T R Y O P E R A T O R — Continued C O M PU TE R SYSTEM S A N A L Y S T , BUSINESS— Continued C la s s B . W o r k is ro u tin e and r e p e t it iv e . U nder c lo s e s u p e rv is io n o r fo llo w in g s p e c ific p r o c e d u r e s o r in s tru c tio n s , w o rk s f r o m v a r io u s s ta n d a r d iz e d s o u r c e d oc u m e n ts w h ich h a ve been cod ed , and fo llo w s s p e c ifie d p r o c e d u r e s w h ich h a ve b een p r e s c r ib e d in d e ta il and r e q u ir e lit t le o r no s e le c t in g , c o d in g , o r in t e r p r e tin g o f data to be r e c o r d e d . R e fe r s to s u p e r v is o r p r o b le m s a r is in g f r o m e rro n e o u s ite m s or co d e s o r m is s in g in fo r m a tio n . typ es o f r e c o r d s , f i l e s , and d ocu m ents to b e u sed ; ou tlin es a ction s to be p e r fo r m e d b y p e rs o n n e l and c o m p u te rs in s u ffic ie n t d e ta il fo r p re s e n ta tio n to m an a g em en t and fo r p r o g r a m m in g (t y p ic a lly th is in v o lv e s p re p a r a tio n o f w o r k and data flo w c h a r ts ); c o o rd in a te s the d e v e lo p m e n t o f te s t p ro b le m s and p a r tic ip a te s in t r i a l runs o f n ew and r e v is e d s y s te m s ; and rec o m m e n d s equipm en t chan ges to ob ta in m o r e e f fe c t iv e o v e r a l l o p e ra tio n s . (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g both s y s te m s a n a ly s is and p ro g r a m m in g should be c la s s ifie d as s y s te m s an a lys ts i f th is is th e s k ill used to d e te rm in e t h e ir p a y .) T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p e r a te s one o r a v a r ie t y o f m ach in es such as th e ta b u la to r , c a lc u la t o r , c o lla t o r , i n t e r p r e t e r , s o r t e r , re p ro d u c in g punch, e tc . E x c lu d e d f r o m th is d e fin itio n a r e w o r k in g s u p e r v is o r s . A ls o exclu d ed a r e o p e r a to r s o f e le c t r o n ic d ig it a l c o m p u te r s , e v en though th ey m a y a ls o o p e r a te e le c t r ic a c c o u n tin g m a c h in e eq u ip m en t. D oes not in clu d e e m p lo y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s ib le fo r th e m a n a g e m ent o r s u p e rv is io n o f o th e r e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s , o r s y s te m s a n a ly s ts p r im a r ily c o n c e rn e d w ith s c ie n tific o r e n g in e e rin g p ro b le m s . P o s itio n s a r e d e fin it io n s . C la s s A . W o rk s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n der o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s in v o lv in g a ll p h ases o f s y s te m s a n a ly s is . P r o b le m s a re c o m p le x b e ca u s e o f d iv e r s e s o u r c e s o f input data and m u ltip le -u s e r e q u i r e m en ts o f output data. ( F o r e x a m p le , d e v e lo p s an in te g r a te d p ro d u ction s c h e d u lin g , in v e n to r y c o n tr o l, c ost a n a ly s is , and s a le s a n a ly s is r e c o r d in w h ich e v e r y ite m o f each ty p e is a u to m a tic a lly p r o c e s s e d th rou gh the fu ll s y s te m o f r e c o r d s and a p p r o p r ia te fo llo w u p a c tio n s a r e in itia te d by the c om p u ter.) C o n fe rs w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e rn e d to d e te rm in e the data p r o c e s s in g p ro b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t-m a tte r p e rs o n n e l on the im p lic a tio n s o f new o r r e v is e d s y s te m s o f data p r o c e s s in g o p e r a tio n s . M a k e s re c o m m e n d a tio n s , if n eed ed , fo r a p p ro v a l o f m a jo r s y s te m s in s ta lla tio n s o r chan ges and fo r obtaining e q u ip m e n t. c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a sis o f th e F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , s y s te m s a n a ly s ts a r e c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : fo llo w in g C la s s A . P e r f o r m s c o m p le te r e p o r tin g and ta b u la tin g a s s ig n m e n ts in clu d in g d e v is in g d iffic u lt c o n tr o l p a n el w ir in g under g e n e r a l s u p e rv is io n . A s s ig n m e n ts t y p ic a lly in v o lv e a v a r ie t y o f lon g and c o m p le x r e p o r ts w h ich o fte n a r e i r r e g u l a r o r n o n r e c u r r in g , r e q u irin g s om e plan n in g o f th e n a tu re and se q u e n c in g o f o p e r a tio n s , and th e use o f a v a r ie t y o f m a c h in e s . Is t y p ic a lly in v o lv e d in tr a in in g n ew o p e r a to r s in m ach in e o p e ra tio n s o r tr a in in g lo w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s in w ir in g f r o m d ia g ra m s and in the o p e r a tin g s e q u en ces o f lo n g and c o m p le x r e p o r t s . D oes not inclu d e p o s itio n s in w h ich w ir in g r e s p o n s ib ilit y is l im it e d to s e le c tio n and in s e r tio n o f p r e w ir e d b o a rd s . M a y p r o v id e fu n c tio n a l who a r e a s s ig n e d to a s s is t. C la s s B . P e r f o r m s w o r k a c c o r d in g to e s ta b lis h e d p r o c e d u r e s and u n d er s p e c ific in s tr u c tio n s . A s s ig n m e n ts ty p ic a lly in v o lv e c o m p le te but r o u tin e and r e c u r r in g r e p o r t s o r p a r ts o f la r g e r and m o r e c o m p le x r e p o r ts . O p e r a te s m o r e d iffic u lt ta b u la tin g o r e le c t r ic a l accou n ting m a c h in e s such as th e ta b u la to r and c a lc u la t o r , in a d d ition to the s im p le r m a c h in e s u sed by c la s s C o p e r a t o r s . M a y be r e q u ir e d to do som e w ir in g f r o m d ia g r a m s . M a y t r a in n e w e m p lo y e e s in b a s ic m ach in e o p e ra tio n s . d ir e c tio n to lo w e r l e v e l s y s te m s an alysts C la s s B . W o rk s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n der on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on p r o b le m s that a r e r e la t iv e ly u n c o m p lic a te d to a n a ly z e , plan, p r o g r a m , and o p e r a te . P r o b le m s a r e o f lim it e d c o m p le x ity b e ca u s e s o u rc e s o f input data a r e h o m o gen eo u s and th e output data a r e c lo s e ly r e la te d . ( F o r e x a m p le , d e v e lo p s s y s te m s fo r m a in ta in in g d e p o s ito r accou n ts in a bank, m ain ta in in g accou n ts r e c e iv a b le in a r e t a il e s ta b lis h m e n t, o r m a in ta in in g in v e n to ry accoun ts in a m a n u fa c tu rin g o r w h o le s a le e s ta b lis h m e n t.) C o n fe rs w ith p e r sons c o n c e rn e d to d e te r m in e th e data p r o c e s s in g p ro b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t-m a tte r p e r s o n n e l on th e im p lic a tio n s o f th e data p r o c e s s in g s y s te m s to be a p p lie d . C la s s C. U n d e r s p e c ific in s tru c tio n s , o p e ra te s s im p le ta b u la tin g o r e l e c t r i c a l ac c o u n tin g m a c h in e s such as the s o r t e r , in t e r p r e t e r , r e p r o d u cin g punch, c o l l a t o r , e tc . A s s ig n m e n ts ty p ic a lly in v o lv e p o r tio n s o f a w o r k u n it, fo r e x a m p le , in d iv id u a l s o r tin g o r c o lla tin g ru ns, o r r e p e t it iv e o p e r a tio n s . M ay p e r fo r m s im p le w ir in g fr o m d ia g r a m s , and do s o m e f ilin g w o rk . OR C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , B U SINE SS W o rk s on a s e g m e n t o f a c o m p le x data p r o c e s s in g sch em e or s y s te m , as d e s c r ib e d f o r c la s s A . W o rk s in d ep en d en tly on rou tin e ass ign m e n ts and r e c e iv e s in s tru c tio n and gu id an ce on c o m p le x a s s ig n m e n ts . W o rk is r e v ie w e d f o r a c c u r a c y o f ju d g m e n t, c o m p lia n c e w ith in s tr u c tio n s , and to in su re p ro p e r a lig n m e n t w ith the o v e r a l l s y s te m . A n a ly z e s b u s in e s s p r o b le m s to fo r m u la te p r o c e d u r e s fo r s o lv in g th e m b y use o f e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g equ ip m en t. D e v e lo p s a c o m p le te d e s c r ip t io n o f a ll s p e c ific a tio n s n e e d e d to enable p r o g r a m m e r s to p r e p a r e r e q u ir e d d ig it a l c o m p u te r p r o g r a m s . W o rk in v o lv e s m ost o f th e f o llo w in g ; A n a ly z e s s u b je c t - m a t t e r o p e r a tio n s to be au tom ated and id e n tifie s c o n d itio n s and c r i t e r i a r e q u ir e d to a c h ie v e s a tis fa c to r y r e s u lts ; s p e c ifie s n u m b er and C la s s C . W o r k s u n der im m e d ia te s u p e r v is io n , c a r r y in g out a n a ly ses as a s s ig n e d , u s u a lly o f a s in g le a c t iv it y . A s s ig n m e n ts a re d e sig n e d to d e v e lo p and expand p r a c t ic a l e x p e r ie n c e in th e a p p lic a tio n o f p ro c e d u r e s and s k ills r e q u ir e d fo r s y s te m s a n a ly s is w o rk . F o r e x a m p le , m a y a s s is t a h ig h e r l e v e l s y s te m s a n a lys t b y p r e p a r in g th e d e ta ile d s p e c ific a tio n s r e q u ire d by p r o g r a m m e r s f r o m in fo r m a tio n d e v e lo p e d by th e h ig h e r l e v e l an a lyst. Professional and Technical 17 C O M PU TE R P R O G R A M M E R , BUSINESS C O M P U T E R PR O G R AM M E R , BUSINESS— Continued C o n v e r ts s ta te m e n ts o f b u s in e s s p r o b le m s , t y p ic a lly p r e p a r e d by a s y s te m s a n a ly s t, into a s e q u e n c e o f d e ta ile d in s tr u c tio n s w h ich a r e r e q u ir e d to s o lv e th e p r o b le m s b y a u to m a tic data p r o c e s s in g e qu ip m en t. W o rk in g f r o m c h a rts o r d ia g r a m s , th e p r o g r a m m e r d e v e lo p s th e p r e c is e in s tru c tio n s w h ich , w hen e n te re d into th e c o m p u te r s y s te m in cod ed la n g u a g e , cau se th e m a n ip u la tio n o f data to a c h ie v e d e s ir e d r e s u lt s . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : A p p lie s k n o w le d g e o f c o m p u te r c a p a b ilit ie s , m a th e m a tic s , lo g ic e m p lo y e d by c o m p u te rs , and p a r t ic u la r s u b je ct m a tte r in v o lv e d to a n a ly z e c h a rts and d ia g ra m s o f th e p r o b le m to be p r o g r a m m e d ; d e v e lo p s s e q u e n c e o f p r o g r a m s te p s; w r it e s d e ta ile d f lo w c h a r ts to show o r d e r in w h ich data w i l l be p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r ts th e s e c h a r ts to co d e d in s tru c tio n s f o r m a c h in e to fo llo w ; t e s ts and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in s tru c tio n s f o r o p e r a tin g p e r s o n n e l d u rin g p ro d u c tio n run; a n a ly z e s , r e v ie w s , and a lt e r s p r o g r a m s to in c r e a s e o p e r a tin g e ffic ie n c y o r adapt to n ew r e q u ir e m e n ts ; m a in ta in s r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e v e lo p m e n t and r e v is io n s . (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g both s y s te m s a n a ly s is and p r o g r a m m in g should be c la s s ifie d as s y s te m s a n a ly s ts i f th is is th e s k ill u sed to d e te r m in e th e ir p a y .) input data w h ich a r e r e a d ily a v a ila b le . W h ile n u m erou s r e c o r d s m a y be p r o c e s s e d , the data h a ve been r e fin e d in p r i o r a c tio n s so that th e a c c u r a c y and sequ en cin g o f data can be te s te d b y u sin g a fe w rou tin e c h e c k s . T y p ic a lly , th e p r o g r a m d ea ls w ith rou tin e r e c o r d k e e p in g o p e r a tio n s . OR W o rk s on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s (a s d e s c r ib e d f o r c la s s A ) u n der c lo s e d ir e c tio n o f a h ig h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e r v is o r . M a y a s s is t h ig h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r by in d ep en d en tly p e r fo r m in g le s s d iffic u lt ta s k s a s s ig n e d , and p e r fo r m in g m o r e d iffic u lt ta s k s u n der f a i r l y c lo s e d ir e c tio n . M a y guide o r in s tru c t lo w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r s . C la s s C . M ak es p r a c t ic a l a p p lic a tio n s o f p r o g r a m m in g p r a c t ic e s and c o n ce p ts u s u a lly le a r n e d in f o r m a l t r a in in g c o u r s e s . A s s ig n m e n ts a r e d e s ig n e d to d e v e lo p c o m p e te n c e in th e a p p lic a tio n o f stan d a rd p r o c e d u r e s to rou tin e p r o b le m s . R e c e iv e s c lo s e s u p e r v is io n on new a s p e c ts o f a s s ig n m e n ts ; and w o r k is r e v ie w e d to v e r i f y its a c c u r a c y and c o n fo rm a n c e w ith r e q u ir e d p ro c ed u re s . D oes not in clu d e e m p lo y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s ib le f o r th e m a n a g e m ent o r s u p e r v is io n o f o th e r e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s , o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c ie n t ific an d/or e n g in e e rin g p r o b le m s . F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , p ro gra m m ers CO M PU TER O PERATO R a r e c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s M o n ito r s and o p e r a te s th e c o n tr o l c o n s o le o f a d ig it a l c o m p u te r to p r o c e s s data a c c o rd in g to o p e r a tin g in s tr u c tio n s , u s u a lly p r e p a r e d by a p r o g ra m m er. W o rk in clu d es m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : S tu dies in s tr u c tio n s to d e te r m in e equipm ent setup and o p e r a tio n s ; lo a d s equ ip m en t w ith r e q u ir e d ite m s (ta p e r e e ls , c a r d s , e tc .); s w itc h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x ilia r y equ ip m en t into c ir c u it , and s ta rts and o p e r a te s c o m p u te r; m a k es a d ju s tm e n ts to c o m p u te r to c o r r e c t o p e ra tin g p r o b le m s and m e e t s p e c ia l c o n d itio n s ; r e v ie w s e r r o r s m ad e d u rin g o p e ra tio n and d e te rm in e s c a u se o r r e f e r s p r o b le m to s u p e r v is o r o r p r o g r a m m e r ; and m ain ta in s o p e r a tin g r e c o r d s . M a y te s t and a s s is t in c o r r e c t in g p r o g r a m . C la s s A . W o rk s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n der o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s w h ich r e q u ir e c o m p e te n c e in a ll p h a ses o f p r o g r a m m in g con cep ts and p r a c t ic e s . W o r k in g f r o m d ia g r a m s and c h a r ts w h ich id e n tify th e n ature o f d e s ir e d r e s u lt s , m a jo r p r o c e s s in g steps to be a c c o m p lis h e d , and th e re la tio n s h ip s b e tw e e n v a r io u s steps o f th e p r o b le m s o lv in g ro u tin e ; plan s the fu ll ra n g e o f p r o g r a m m in g a c tio n s n e e d e d to e ffic ie n t ly u t iliz e th e c om p u te r s y s te m in a c h ie v in g d e s ir e d end p ro d u c ts . A t th is l e v e l , p r o g r a m m in g is d iffic u lt b e c a u s e c o m p u te r equ ip m en t m ust be o r g a n iz e d to p ro d u c e s e v e r a l in t e r r e la t e d but d iv e r s e p ro d u c ts f r o m n u m erou s and d i v e r s e d ata e le m e n ts . A w id e v a r ie t y and e x te n s iv e n u m b er o f in te rn a l p r o c e s s in g a c tio n s m ust o c c u r . T h is r e q u ir e s such a c tio n s as d e ve lo p m e n t o f com m o n o p e r a tio n s w h ich can be r e u s e d , e s ta b lis h m e n t o f lin k a g e p oin ts b e tw e e n o p e r a tio n s , a d ju s tm e n ts to data w h en p r o g r a m r e q u i r e m en ts e x c e e d c o m p u te r s to r a g e c a p a c ity , and s u b s ta n tia l m a n ip u la tio n and res e q u e n c in g o f data e le m e n ts to f o r m a h ig h ly in te g r a te d p r o g r a m . M a y p r o v id e fu n c tio n a l a r e a s s ig n e d to a s s is t. For c o m p u te r o p e r a to r s are c la s s ifie d as C lass A . O p e ra te s in d e p e n d e n tly , o r u n d er o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n , a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g c h a r a c t e r is t ic s : N e w p r o g r a m s a r e fre q u e n tly te s te d and in tro d u c e d ; s c h e d u lin g r e q u ir e m e n ts a r e o f c r it ic a l im p o rta n c e to m in im iz e d o w n tim e ; th e p r o g r a m s a r e o f c o m p le x d e sig n so that id e n tific a tio n o f e r r o r s o u r c e ofte n r e q u ir e s a w o rk in g k n o w le d g e o f the to ta l p r o g r a m , and a lte r n a t e p r o g r a m s m a y not be a v a ila b le . M a y g iv e d ir e c tio n and gu id an ce to lo w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s . d ir e c t io n to lo w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r s who C la s s B . O p e ra te s in d e p e n d e n tly , o r u n der o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n , a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g c h a r a c t e r is t ic s ; M o s t o f th e p r o g r a m s a r e e s ta b lis h e d p ro d u c tio n ru n s, t y p ic a lly run on a r e g u la r ly r e c u r r in g b a s is ; th e r e is l i t t l e o r no te s tin g o f n ew p r o g r a m s r e q u ir e d ; a lte r n a te p r o g r a m s a r e p r o v id e d in c a s e o r i g i n a l p r o g r a m n eed s m a jo r change o r cannot be c o r r e c t e d w ith in a r e a s o n a b ly s h o rt t im e . In C la s s B . W o rk s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n der o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on r e la t iv e ly s im p le p r o g r a m s , o r on s im p le s e g m e n ts o f c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s ( o r s e g m e n ts ) u s u a lly p r o c e s s in fo rm a tio n to p ro d u c e data in tw o o r th r e e v a r ie d s e q u e n c e s o r fo r m a t s . R e p o r t s and lis tin g s a r e p ro d u c e d by r e fin in g , a d ap tin g, a r r a y in g , o r m a k in g m in o r ad d ition s to o r d e le tio n s fr o m w a g e study p u r p o s e s , fo llo w s : 18 C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R — Continued D R A F T E R -T R A C E R c o m m o n e r r o r s itu a tio n s , d ia g n o s e s cau se and tak es c o r r e c t iv e a c tio n . T h is u s u a lly in v o lv e s a p p ly in g p r e v io u s ly p r o g r a m m e d c o r r e c t iv e s te p s , o r u sing sta n d a rd c o r r e c t io n te c h n iq u e s . C o p ie s c lo th o r p a p e r in clu d e t r a c in g la r g e s c a le not p lan s and d ra w in g s p r e p a r e d by o th e rs by p la c in g tr a c in g o v e r d ra w in g s and tr a c in g w ith pen o r p e n c il. (D oes not lim ite d to plan s p r i m a r i l y c o n s is tin g o f stra igh t lin e s and a r e q u ir in g c lo s e d e lin e a tio n .) OR O p e r a te s u n der d ir e c t s u p e rv is io n a com p u ter running p r o g r a m s o r s e g m e n ts o f p r o g r a m s w ith th e c h a r a c t e r is t ic s d e s c r ib e d f o r c la s s A . M ay a s s is t a h ig h e r l e v e l o p e r a to r by in d ep en d en tly p e r fo r m in g le s s d iffic u lt task s a s s ig n e d , and p e r fo r m in g d iffic u lt task s fo llo w in g d e ta ile d in s tru c tio n s and w ith fre q u e n t r e v ie w o f o p e r a tio n s p e r fo r m e d . C la s s C . W o r k s on rou tin e p r o g r a m s under c lo s e s u p e rv is io n . Is e x p e c te d to d e v e lo p w o r k in g k n o w le d g e o f th e com p u ter equ ip m en t u sed and a b ilit y to d e te c t p r o b le m s in v o lv e d in running rou tin e p r o g r a m s . U s u a lly has r e c e i v e d s o m e f o r m a l t r a in in g in c om p u te r o p e ra tio n . M a y a s s is t h ig h e r l e v e l o p e r a to r on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . D RAFTER C la s s A . P la n s th e g ra p h ic p re s e n ta tio n o f c o m p le x ite m s havin g d is t in c t iv e d e s ig n fe a tu r e s that d if fe r s ig n ific a n tly fr o m e s ta b lis h e d d ra ftin g p r e c e d e n ts . W o r k s in c lo s e su p p ort w ith th e d esig n o r ig in a t o r , and m a y r e c o m m e n d m in o r d e s ig n c h a n ge s . A n a ly z e s the e ffe c t o f each chan ge on the d e ta ils o f f o r m , fu n c tio n , and p o s itio n a l r e la tio n s h ip s o f com p on en ts and p a r t s . W o rk s w ith a m in im u m o f s u p e r v is o r y a s s is ta n c e . C o m p le te d w o r k is r e v ie w e d b y d e s ig n o r ig in a t o r f o r c o n s is te n c y w ith p r io r e n g in e e rin g d e t e r m in a tio n s . M a y e ith e r p r e p a r e d ra w in g s o r d ir e c t th e ir p r e p a r a tio n by lo w e r l e v e l d r a ft e r s . C la s s B . P e r f o r m s n o n rou tin e and c o m p le x d ra ftin g a s s ig n m e n ts th at r e q u ir e th e a p p lic a tio n o f m o s t o f th e sta n d a rd ize d d ra w in g te c h n iq u e s r e g u la r ly u sed . D u tie s t y p ic a lly in v o lv e such w o rk as: P r e p a r e s w o rk in g d ra w in g s o f s u b a s s e m b lie s w ith .ir r e g u la r sh ap es, m u ltip le fu n c tio n s , and p r e c i s e p o s itio n a l r e la tio n s h ip s b etw een com p on en ts; p r e p a r e s a r c h ite c tu r a l d ra w in g s f o r c o n s tru c tio n o f a b u ild in g in clu d in g d e ta il d ra w in g s o f fo u n d a tio n s , w a ll s e c t io n s , f l o o r p la n s , and r o o f. U s e s a c c e p te d fo r m u la s and m a n u a ls in m a k in g n e c e s s a r y com p u tation s to d e te rm in e q u a n titie s o f m a t e r ia ls to be u s e d , lo a d c a p a c itie s , s tre n g th s , s t r e s s e s , e tc . R e c e iv e s in it ia l in s tr u c tio n s , r e q u ir e m e n t s , and a d v ic e fr o m s u p e r v is o r . C o m p le te d w o r k is c h e c k ed f o r t e c h n ic a l ad equ acy. C la s s C . P r e p a r e s d e ta il d ra w in g s o f s in g le units o r p a r ts fo r e n g in e e r in g , c o n s tr u c tio n , m a n u fa c tu rin g , o r r e p a ir p u r p o s e s . T ypes of d ra w in g s p r e p a r e d in c lu d e is o m e t r ic p r o je c t io n s (d e p ic tin g th r e e d im e n s io n s in a c c u r a te s c a le ) and s e c t io n a l v ie w s to c l a r i f y p o s itio n in g o f com p on en ts and c o n v e y n e e d e d in fo r m a tio n . C o n s o lid a te s d e ta ils f r o m a n u m b er o f s o u r c e s and a d ju s ts o r t r a n s p o s e s s c a le as r e q u ir e d . S u gg e sted m eth od s o f a p p ro a c h , a p p lic a b le p r e c e d e n t s , and a d v ic e on so u rc e m a te r ia ls a r e g iv e n w ith in it ia l a s s ig n m e n ts . In s tru c tio n s a r e le s s c o m p le te w hen a s s ig n m e n ts recu r. W o r k m a y be s p o t-c h e c k e d d u rin g p r o g r e s s . AND/OR P r e p a r e s s im p le o r r e p e t it iv e d ra w in g s o f e a s ily v is u a liz e d ite m s . W o r k is c lo s e ly s u p e rv is e d d u rin g p r o g r e s s . E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N W o rk s on v a r io u s ty p e s o f e le c t r o n ic equipm en t and r e la te d d e v ic e s b y p e r fo r m in g one o r a com b in a tio n o f th e fo llo w in g : In s ta llin g , m ain ta in in g, r e p a ir in g , o v e r h a u lin g , tro u b le s h o o tin g , m o d ify in g , c o n s tru c tin g , and te s tin g . W o r k r e q u ir e s p r a c t ic a l a p p lic a tio n o f te c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e o f e le c tro n ic s p r in c ip le s , a b ility to d e te r m in e m a lfu n c tio n s , and s k ill to put equipm ent in r e q u ir e d o p e r a tin g con d ition . T h e equ ip m en t— c o n s is tin g o f e ith e r m any d iffe r e n t kinds o f c irc u its o r m u ltip le r e p e titio n o f th e s a m e kind o f c ir c u it— in c lu d e s , but is not lim ite d to , th e fo llo w in g : (a) E le c t r o n ic tr a n s m ittin g and r e c e iv in g equipm ent (e .g ., r a d a r , r a d io , t e le v is io n , te le p h o n e , s o n a r, n a v ig a tio n a l a id s ), (b) d ig ita l and an a log c o m p u te rs , and (c ) in d u s tr ia l and m e d ic a l m e a s u rin g and c o n tro llin g equ ip m en t. T h is c la s s ific a t io n e x c lu d e s r e p a ir e r s o f such standard e le c tro n ic equipm en t as com m o n o f f ic e m a c h in e s and h ou seh old ra d io and t e le v is io n s e ts ; p ro d u c tio n a s s e m b le r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h o s e p r im a r y duty is s e r v ic in g e le c t r o n ic te s t in s tru m e n ts ; te c h n ic ia n s who have a d m in is tr a tiv e o r s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s ib ilit y ; and d r a ft e r s , d e s ig n e r s , and p r o fe s s io n a l e n g in e e r s . P o s itio n s d e fin itio n s . are c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a s is o f the fo llo w in g C la s s A . A p p lie s a d van ce te c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e to s o lv e unusually c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i . e . , th o s e that ty p ic a lly cannot be s o lv e d s o le ly by r e f e r en ce to m a n u fa c tu r e r s ' m anuals o r s im ila r docu m en ts) in w o rk in g on e l e c tr o n ic equ ip m en t. E x a m p le s o f such p r o b le m s inclu d e lo c a tio n and d en sity o f c ir c u it r y , e le c t r o m a g n e tic r a d ia tio n , is o la tin g m a lfu n c tio n s , and freq u en t e n g in e e rin g c h a n ges. W o r k in v o lv e s : A d e ta ile d un derstan d in g o f the in t e r re la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s ; e x e r c is in g independent ju dgm ent in p e r fo r m in g such ta s k s as m ak in g c ir c u it a n a ly s e s , c a lc u la tin g w a v e f o r m s , tr a c in g r e la t io n ships in s ig n a l flo w ; and r e g u la r ly u sin g c o m p le x te s t in stru m en ts ( e . g . , dual t r a c e o s c illo s c o p e s , Q - m e t e r s , d e v ia tio n m e t e r s , p u ls e g e n e ra to r s ) . W o rk m a y be r e v ie w e d by s u p e r v is o r (fr e q u e n tly an en g in e e r or d e s ig n e r ) fo r g e n e r a l c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p te d p r a c t ic e s . M a y p ro v id e te c h n ic a l gu id an ce to lo w e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n s . C la s s B . A p p lie s c o m p re h e n s iv e te c h n ic a l k n o w led g e to s o lv e c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i . e . , th o s e that t y p ic a lly can b e s o lv e d s o le ly by p r o p e r ly in te r p r e tin g m a n u fa c tu r e r s ' m anu als o r s im ila r docu m en ts) in w o rk in g on E LE C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N — Continued M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R IC IA N e le c t r o n ic e qu ip m en t. W o r k in v o lv e s : A f a m ilia r it y w ith th e in t e r r e la t io n ships o f c ir c u it s ; and ju d gm en t in d e te rm in in g w o r k s e q u en ce and in s e le c tin g to o ls and te s tin g in s tru m e n ts , u s u a lly le s s c o m p le x than th o s e u sed by the c la s s A te c h n ic ia n . P e r fo r m s a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c a l tr a d e fu n ctio n s such as th e in s t a l la tio n , m ain ten an ce, o r r e p a ir o f equ ip m en t f o r th e g e n e ra tio n , d is trib u tio n , o r u tiliz a tio n o f e le c t r ic e n e rg y in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : In s ta llin g o r r e p a ir in g any o f a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m ent such as g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , s w itc h b o a rd s , c o n t r o lle r s , c ir c u it b r e a k e r s , m o to r s , h eating u n its, con du it s y s te m s , o r o th er tr a n s m is s io n equ ipm en t; w o rk in g f r o m b lu e p rin ts , d r a w in g s , la y o u ts , o r o th e r s p e c i f i ca tio n s ; lo c a tin g and d iagn osin g tr o u b le in the e l e c t r i c a l s y s te m o r e q u ip m en t; w o rk in g stan dard com p u tation s r e la tin g to lo a d r e q u ir e m e n ts o f w ir in g o r e le c t r ic a l equipm en t; and u sin g a v a r ie t y o f e le c t r ic ia n 's h a n d tools and m e a s u rin g and te s tin g in s tru m e n ts . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e e le c t r ic ia n re q u ire s rounded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic es h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . R e c e iv e s te c h n ic a l g u id a n ce, as r e q u ir e d , f r o m s u p e r v is o r o r h ig h e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n , and w o r k is r e v ie w e d fo r s p e c ific c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p te d p r a c t ic e s and w o r k a s s ig n m e n ts . M a y p r o v id e te c h n ic a l gu id an ce to lo w e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n s . C la s s C . A p p lie s w o rk in g te c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e to p e r f o r m s im p le o r rou tin e ta s k s in w o rk in g on e le c t r o n ic equ ip m en t, fo llo w in g d e ta ile d in s tr u c tio n s w h ich c o v e r v ir t u a lly a ll p r o c e d u r e s . W o r k t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s such task s as: A s s is t in g h ig h e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n s b y p e r fo r m in g such a c t iv it ie s as r e p la c in g c om p on e n ts , w ir in g c ir c u it s , and ta k in g te s t r e a d in g s ; r e p a ir in g s im p le e le c t r o n ic equ ip m en t; and u sin g to o ls and com m o n te s t in s tru m e n ts (e . g . , m u ltim e t e r s , audio s ig n a l g e n e r a t o r s , tube t e s t e r s , o s c illo s c o p e s ). Is not r e q u ir e d to be f a m ilia r w ith th e in t e r r e la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s . T h is k n o w le d g e , h o w e v e r , m a y be a c q u ir e d th rou gh a s s ig n m e n ts d e s ig n e d to in c r e a s e c o m p eten c e (in c lu d in g c la s s r o o m tr a in in g ) so that w o r k e r can advance to h ig h e r l e v e l te c h n icia n . R e c e iv e s te c h n ic a l g u id a n ce, as r e q u ir e d , f r o m s u p e r v is o r o r h ig h e r le v e l te c h n icia n . W o r k is ty p ic a lly spot c h e c k ed , but is g iv e n d e ta ile d r e v ie w when n ew o r ad van ced a s s ig n m e n ts a r e in v o lv e d . R E G IS T E R E D IN D U S T R IA L N U R S E S M A IN T E N A N C E P A IN T E R P a in ts and r e d e c o r a te s w a lls , w o o d w o r k , and fix tu r e s o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : K n o w le d g e o f s u r fa c e p e c u lia r it ie s and ty p e s o f paint r e q u ir e d fo r d iffe r e n t a p p lic a tio n s ; p r e p a r in g s u r fa c e fo r p a in tin g b y re m o v in g o ld fin is h o r b y p la c in g putty o r f i l l e r in n a il h o le s and in t e r s t ic e s ; and ap p lyin g paint w ith s p r a y gun o r b ru sh . M a y m ix c o lo r s , o ils , w h ite le a d , and o th er paint in g r e d ie n ts to o b ta in p r o p e r c o lo r o r c o n s is te n c y . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e p a in te r r e q u ir e s rounded tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u gh a fo r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r equ iva len t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E M A C H IN IS T A r e g is t e r e d n u rs e who g iv e s n u rsin g s e r v ic e u n der g e n e r a l m e d ic a l d ir e c tio n to i l l o r in ju re d e m p lo y e e s o r o th e r p e rs o n s who b e c o m e i l l o r s u ffe r an a c c id en t on th e p r e m is e s o f a fa c t o r y o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. D uties in v o lv e a c o m b in a tio n o f th e fo llo w in g : G iv in g f i r s t aid to th e i l l o r in ju red ; atten d ing to subsequent d r e s s in g o f e m p lo y e e s ' in ju r ie s ; k eep in g r e c o r d s o f p a tie n ts tr e a te d ; p r e p a r in g a c c id en t r e p o r ts fo r c o m p en s a tio n o r o th e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s is tin g in p h y s ic a l ex a m in a tio n s and h ealth e v a lu a tio n s o f ap p lica n ts and e m p lo y e e s ; and plan n in g and c a r r y in g out p r o g r a m s in v o lv in g h ealth ed u cation , a c c id en t p r e v e n tio n , eva lu a tio n o f plant e n v ir o n m e n t, o r oth er a c t iv it ie s a ffe c tin g the h e a lth , w e lf a r e , and s a fe ty o f a ll p e rs o n n e l. N u rs in g s u p e r v is o r s o r head n u rs e s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than one n u rs e a r e exclu d ed . P ro d u c e s r e p la c e m e n t p a r ts and n ew p a r ts in m ak in g r e p a ir s o f m e ta l p a rts o f m e c h a n ic a l equipm en t o p e r a te d in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m ost o f th e fo llo w in g : In te r p r e tin g w r itte n in s tru c tio n s and s p e c i fic a tio n s ; planning and la y in g out o f w o r k ; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f m a c h in is t's h andtools and p r e c is io n m e a s u rin g in s tru m e n ts ; s e ttin g up and o p e r a tin g stan dard m achine to o ls ; shaping o f m e t a l p a r ts to c lo s e t o le r a n c e s ; m ak in g stan dard shop com p u tations r e la tin g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k , to o lin g , fe e d s , and sp ee d s o f m ach in in g; k n o w led g e o f th e w o r k in g p r o p e r t ie s o f th e com m o n m e ta ls ; s e le c tin g stan dard m a t e r ia ls , p a r ts , and equ ip m en t r e q u ir e d fo r th is w o rk ; and fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a r ts into m e c h a n ic a l equ ip m en t. In g e n e r a l, the m a c h in is t's w o rk n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a rou n ded tr a in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p p r a c t ic e u su ally a c q u ir e d th ro u gh a f o r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e rie n c e . Maintenance, Toolroom, and Powerplant M A IN T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M a c h in e r y ) P e r f o r m s th e c a r p e n tr y d u ties n e c e s s a r y to c o n stru c t and m ain ta in in good r e p a ir b u ild in g w o o d w o rk and equ ip m en t such as b in s , c r ib s , c o u n te rs , b en ch es, p a r titio n s , d o o r s , f lo o r s , s t a ir s , c a s in g s , and t r im m ad e o f w o o d in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : P la n n in g and la y in g out o f w o rk fr o m b lu e p rin ts , d ra w in g s , m o d e ls , o r v e r b a l in s tr u c tio n s ; using a v a r ie t y o f c a r p e n t e r 's h a n d to o ls , p o r ta b le p o w e r t o o ls , and stan dard m ea s u rin g in s tru m e n ts ; m ak in g stan d a rd shop com p u tatio n s r e la tin g to d im e n sions o f w o rk ; and s e le c tin g m a t e r ia ls n e c e s s a r y fo r th e w o rk . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e c a r p e n te r r e q u ir e s rounded tr a in in g and e x p e r i ence u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . R e p a ir s m a c h in e r y o r m e c h a n ic a l equ ip m en t o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : E x a m in in g m a c h in e s and m e c h a n ic a l equipm ent to d ia g n ose so u rc e o f tr o u b le ; d is m a n tlin g o r p a r t ly d is m a n tlin g m a c h in e s and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that m a in ly in v o lv e th e use o f h a n d tools in s c ra p in g and fittin g p a r ts ; r e p la c in g b ro k en o r d e fe c t iv e p a r ts w ith ite m s ob tain ed fr o m stock ; o r d e r in g th e p ro d u c tio n o f a r e p la c e m e n t p a r t by a m a ch in e shop o r sending the m a c h in e to a m a c h in e shop fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s ; p r e p a r in g w r itte n s p e c ific a tio n s f o r m a jo r r e p a ir s o r f o r th e p ro d u c tio n o f p a rts o r d e r e d f r o m m ach in e sh ops; r e a s s e m b lin g m a c h in e s ; and m ak in g a ll n e c e s s a r y ad ju stm en ts fo r o p e r a tio n . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f a m a c h in e r y m ain ten an ce m ech a n ic r e q u ir e s rou n ded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly 20 M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M ach in ery)— Continued M IL L W R IG H T — Continued a c q u ir e d th ro u gh a f o r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e qu ivalen t tr a in in g and e x p e r i en ce. E x c lu d e d f r o m th is c la s s ific a t io n a r e w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y duties in v o lv e s e ttin g up o r a d ju s tin g m a c h in e s . w o rk ; in te r p r e tin g b lu e p rin ts o r o th e r s p e c ific a tio n s ; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f handto o ls and r ig g in g ; m ak in g stan dard shop com p u tation s r e la tin g to s tr e s s e s , s tren gth o f m a t e r ia ls , and c e n te r s o f g r a v ity ; a lig n in g and b alan cin g e q u ip m en t; s e le c tin g stan d a rd t o o ls , e qu ip m en t, and p a r ts to be used; and in s ta llin g and m a in ta in in g in good o r d e r p o w e r tr a n s m is s io n equipm en t such as d r iv e s and sp eed r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l, th e m illw r ig h t 's w o r k n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a rounded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e in th e tr a d e a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M A I N T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M o t o r V e h ic le s ) R e p a ir s a u to m o b ile s , b u s e s , m o to rtr u c k s , and tr a c t o r s o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : E xam in in g a u to m o tiv e e q u ip m en t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f tr o u b le ; d is a s s e m b lin g equipm ent and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that in v o lv e th e u se o f such handtools as w r e n c h e s , g a u g e s , d r i l l s , o r s p e c ia liz e d equ ip m en t in d is a s s e m b lin g o r fittin g p a r ts ; r e p la c in g b ro k en o r d e fe c t iv e p a r ts f r o m s to c k ; g rin d in g and ad ju stin g v a lv e s ; r e a s s e m b lin g and in s ta llin g th e v a r io u s a s s e m b lie s in th e v e h ic le and m ak in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n ts ; and a lig n in g w h e e ls , ad ju stin g b ra k e s and lig h ts , o r tig h te n in g b od y b o lts . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f the m o to r v e h ic le m ain ten an ce m ec h a n ic r e q u ir e s rou n ded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ire d th ro u gh a f o r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e rie n c e . T h is c la s s ific a t io n d oes not include t o m e r s ' v e h ic le s in a u to m o b ile r e p a ir shops. m ec h a n ic s w ho r e p a ir M A IN T E N A N C E T R A D E S H E L P E R A s s is t s one o r m o r e w o r k e r s in the s k ille d m ain ten an ce tr a d e s , by p e r fo r m in g s p e c ific o r g e n e r a l d u ties o f l e s s e r s k ill, such as k eepin g a w o r k e r su p p lied w ith m a te r ia ls and to o ls ; c le a n in g w o rk in g a r e a , m a ch in e, and equ ip m en t; a s s is tin g jo u rn ey m a n by hold in g m a te r ia ls o r to o ls ; and p e r fo r m in g o th e r u n s k ille d ta s k s as d ir e c te d by jo u rn ey m a n . The kind o f w o rk the h e lp e r is p e r m itte d to p e r fo r m v a r ie s f r o m tr a d e to tr a d e : In som e tr a d e s th e h e lp e r is c on fin e d to s u p p lyin g, lift in g , and hold ing m a te r ia ls and t o o ls , and c le a n in g w o rk in g a r e a s ; and in o th e rs he is p e r m itte d to p e r fo r m s p e c ia liz e d m a ch in e o p e r a tio n s , o r p a r ts o f a tr a d e that a r e a ls o p e r fo r m e d by w o r k e r s on a f u ll- t im e b a s is . cus M A IN T E N A N C E P IP E F IT T E R M A C H IN E - T O O L O P E R A T O R (T O O L R O O M ) In s ta lls o r r e p a ir s w a t e r , s te a m , g a s , o r oth er ty p e s o f p ip e and p ip e fitt in g s in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m ost o f the fo llo w in g : L a y in g out w o r k and m e a s u r in g to lo c a t e p o s itio n o f p ip e fr o m d ra w in g s o r o th e r w r it t e n s p e c ific a tio n s ; cu ttin g v a r io u s s iz e s o f p ip e to c o r r e c t len gth s w ith c h is e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e ty le n e to r c h o r p ip e -c u ttin g m a c h in e s ; th re a d in g p ip e w ith s to c k s and d ie s ; ben d in g p ip e by h a n d -d riv e n o r p o w e r - d r iv e n m a c h in e s ; a s s e m b lin g p ip e w ith cou p lin gs and fa s te n in g p ip e to h a n g ers ; m a k in g sta n d a rd shop com p u ta tio n s r e la tin g to p r e s s u r e s , flo w , and s iz e o f p ip e r e q u ir e d ; and m a k in g sta n d a rd te s ts to d e te rm in e w h eth er fin is h e d p ip e s m e e t s p e c ific a tio n s . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m ain ten an ce p ip e fit t e r r e q u ir e s rou n ded t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ire d th ro u gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . W o r k e r s p r im a r ily e n g a g ed in in s ta llin g and r e p a ir in g b u ild in g san itation o r h eatin g s y s te m s a r e e x c lu d e d . S p e c ia liz e s in o p e r a tin g one o r m o r e than one ty p e o f m achine to o l ( e . g . , ji g b o r e r , g rin d in g m a c h in e , engine la th e , m illin g m achine) to m a ch in e m e ta l fo r use in m ak ing o r m a in ta in in g j i g s , fix tu r e s , cutting to o ls , g a u g e s , o r m e ta l d ie s o r m o ld s u sed in shaping o r fo r m in g m e ta l o r n o n m e ta llic m a t e r ia l (e . g . , p la s tic , p la s t e r , ru b b e r, g la s s ). W o rk ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s : P la n n in g and p e r fo r m in g d iffic u lt m ach in in g o p e ra tio n s w h ich r e q u ir e c o m p lic a te d setups o r a high d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; settin g up m achine to o l o r to o ls (e . g . , in s ta ll cuttin g to o ls and adju st g u id es , stop s, w ork in g ta b le s , and o th e r c o n tr o ls to handle the s iz e o f sto c k to be m achined; d e te rm in e p r o p e r fe e d s , s p ee d s , to o lin g , and o p e r a tio n sequ en ce o r s e le c t th o s e p r e s c r ib e d in d ra w in g s , b lu e p rin ts , o r la y o u ts ); u sin g a v a r ie t y o f p r e c is io n m e a s u rin g in s tru m e n ts ; m ak in g n e c e s s a r y ad ju stm en ts during m ach in in g o p e r a tio n to a c h ie v e r e q u is ite d im e n sio n s to v e r y c lo s e to le r a n c e s . M a y be r e q u ir e d to s e le c t p r o p e r coo la n ts and cutting and lu b ric a tin g o ils , to r e c o g n iz e when to o ls n eed d r e s s in g , and to d r e s s to o ls . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f a m a c h in e -to o l o p e r a to r (to o lr o o m ) at th e s k ill le v e l c a lle d fo r in th is c la s s ific a t io n r e q u ir e s e x te n s iv e k n o w le d g e o f m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t ic e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u gh c o n s id e r a b le o n -th e -jo b tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E S H E E T - M E T A L W O R K E R F a b r ic a t e s , in s t a lls , and m ain ta in s in good r e p a ir the s h e e t-m e t a l e qu ip m en t and fix t u r e s (s u c h as m ach in e g u a rd s , g r e a s e p an s, s h e lv e s , l o c k e r s , ta n k s, v e n t ila t o r s , c h u tes , d u cts, m e ta l r o o fin g ) o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : P lan n in g and la y in g out a ll ty p es o f s h e e t - m e t a l m a in te n a n c e w o r k f r o m b lu e p rin ts , m o d e ls , o r o th e r s p e c i f i c a tio n s ; s e ttin g up and o p e r a tin g a ll a v a ila b le ty p es o f s h e e t-m e t a l w o rk in g m a c h in e s ; u sin g a v a r i e t y o f h a n d tools in cu ttin g, bending, fo r m in g , shapin g, fit t in g , and a s s e m b lin g ; and in s ta llin g s h e e t-m e ta l a r t ic le s as r e q u ir e d . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r r e q u ir e s rounded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . F o r c r o s s - in d u s t r y w a g e study p u rp o s e s , th is c la s s ific a t io n does not in clu d e m a c h in e -to o l o p e r a to r s (to o lr o o m ) e m p lo y e d in to o l and d ie job b ing shops. T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R C o n s tru c ts and r e p a ir s j i g s , fix t u r e s , cutting to o ls , g a u g es, o r m e ta l d ie s o r m o ld s u sed in shaping o r fo r m in g m e ta l o r n o n m e ta llic m a t e r ia l ( e . g . , p la s t ic , p la s t e r , ru b b e r, g la s s ). W o rk t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s : P la n n in g and la y in g out w o r k a c c o r d in g to m o d e ls , b lu e p rin ts , d ra w in g s , o r o th e r w r itte n o r o r a l s p e c ific a tio n s ; u n derstan d in g the w o rk in g p r o p e r tie s o f co m m o n m e ta ls and a llo y s ; s e le c tin g a p p ro p ria te m a t e r ia ls , to o ls , and M IL L W R IG H T In s ta lls n e w m a c h in e s o r h e a v y equ ip m en t, and d is m a n tle s and in s ta lls m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m en t when chan ges in the p lan t layou t a r e r e q u ir e d . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P lan n in g and la y in g out 21 T O O L A N D DIE M A K E R — Continued S H IPPIN G AND R E C E IV IN G C L E R K p r o c e s s e s r e q u ir e d to c o m p le te ta s k s ; m ak in g n e c e s s a r y shop com p u ta tio n s ; s e ttin g up and o p e r a tin g v a r io u s m a ch in e to o ls and r e la te d equ ip m en t; u sin g v a r io u s t o o l and d ie m a k e r 's han d tools and p r e c is io n m e a s u rin g in s tru m e n ts ; ■working to v e r y c lo s e t o le r a n c e s ; h e a t -tr e a t in g m e ta l p a r ts and fin is h e d to o ls and d ie s to a c h ie v e r e q u ir e d q u a litie s ; fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a rts to p r e s c r ib e d to le r a n c e s and a llo w a n c e s . In g e n e r a l, th e t o o l and d ie m a k e r 's w o r k r e q u ir e s rou n ded tr a in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o lr o o m p r a c t ic e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u gh f o r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . P r e p a r e s m e rc h a n d is e f o r sh ip m en t, o r r e c e iv e s and is r e s p o n s ib le f o r in c o m in g sh ipm en ts 01 m e r c h a n d is e o r o th e r m a t e r ia ls . Sh ippin g w o r k in v o lv e s : A k n o w led ge o f ship p ing p r o c e d u r e s , p r a c t ic e s , r o u te s , a v a ila b le m ea n s o f tr a n s p o r ta tio n , and r a te s ; and p r e p a r in g r e c o r d s o f the g ood s sh ip p ed, m aking up b ills o f la d in g , p o s tin g w e ig h t and shipping c h a r g e s , and k e ep in g a f i l e o f shipping r e c o r d s . M a y d ir e c t o r a s s is t in p r e p a r in g th e m e r c h a n d is e fo r ship m en t. R e c e iv in g w o r k in v o l v e s ; V e r if y in g o r d ir e c tin g o th e rs in v e r ify in g th e c o r r e c tn e s s o f s h ip m en ts a g a in s t b ills o f la d in g , in v o ic e s , o r o th er r e c o r d s ; c h e c k in g f o r s h o r ta g e s and r e je c t in g d a m a ge d g ood s ; rou tin g m e rc h a n d is e o r m a t e r ia ls to p r o p e r d e p a rtm e n ts ; and m a in ta in in g n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s and f i l e s . F o r c r o s s - in d u s t r y w a g e study p u r p o s e s , th is c la s s ific a t io n d o e s not in clu d e to o l and d ie m a k e r s who (1 ) a r e e m p lo y e d in t o o l and d ie jo b b in g shops o r (2 ) p ro d u c e fo r g in g d ie s (d ie s in k e r s ). For O p e r a te s and m a in ta in s and m a y a ls o s u p e r v is e th e o p e r a tio n o f s ta tio n a ry e n g in e s and equ ip m en t (m e c h a n ic a l o r e le c t r ic a l) to supply the e s ta b lis h m en t in w h ich e m p lo y e d w ith p o w e r , h ea t, r e f r ig e r a t io n , o r a i r co n d itio n in g. W o r k in v o lv e s : O p e ra tin g and m a in ta in in g equ ip m en t such as s te a m e n g in e s , a ir c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , tu r b in e s , v e n tila tin g and r e f r ig e r a t in g eq u ip m en t, s te a m b o ile r s and b o ile r - f e d w a te r pum ps; m ak in g equ ip m en t r e p a ir s ; and k e ep in g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a tio n o f m a c h in e r y , te m p e r a tu r e , and fu e l con su m p tion . M a y a ls o s u p e r v is e th e s e o p e r a tio n s . H ead o r c h ie f e n g in e e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than on e e n g in e e r a r e e x c lu d e d . p u rposes, w o rk ers are c l a s s ifie d as fo llo w s : W AREHOUSEM AN A s d ir e c te d , p e r fo r m s a v a r ie t y o f w a re h o u s in g d u tie s w h ich r e q u ir e an u n derstan d in g o f th e e s ta b lis h m e n t's s to r a g e p la n . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : V e r ify in g m a t e r ia ls ( o r m e r c h a n d is e ) a g a in s t r e c e iv in g d oc u m e n ts , noting and r e p o rtin g d is c r e p a n c ie s and o b v io u s d a m a g e s ; ro u tin g m a t e r ia ls to p r e s c r ib e d s to r a g e lo c a t io n s ; s t o r in g , s ta c k in g , o r p a lle t iz in g m a t e r ia ls in a c c o r d a n c e w ith p r e s c r ib e d s to r a g e m eth o d s ; r e a r r a n g in g and ta k in g in v e n to ry o f s to re d m a t e r ia ls ; e x a m in in g s to r e d m a t e r ia ls and r e p o r tin g d e te r io r a t io n and d a m a g e ; r e m o v in g m a t e r ia l f r o m s to r a g e and p r e p a r in g it fo r sh ipm en t. M a y o p e r a te hand o r p o w e r tr u c k s in p e r fo r m in g w a re h o u s in g d u ties. B O IL E R T E N D E R F ir e s s ta tio n a r y b o ile r s to fu rn is h th e e s ta b lis h m e n t in w h ich e m p lo y e d w ith h e a t, p o w e r , o r s te a m . F e e d s fu e ls to f i r e b y hand o r o p e r a te s a m e c h a n ic a l s to k e r , g a s , o r o i l b u r n e r; and c h eck s w a te r and s a fe ty v a lv e s . M a y c le a n , o il, o r a s s is t in r e p a ir in g b o ile r r o o m e qu ip m en t. E xclu d e w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y d u t i e s in v o lv e ship p ing and r e c e iv in g w o rk (s e e Shipping and R e c e iv in g C le r k and Sh ippin g P a c k e r ), o r d e r f illin g (s e e O r d e r F i l l e r ) , o r o p e r a tin g p o w e r tru c k s ( s e e P o w e r - T r u c k O p e r a t o r ). Material Movement and Custodial O R D E R F IL L E R F i l l s ship p ing o r t r a n s fe r o r d e r s f o r fin is h e d g ood s f r o m s to r e d m e r c h a n d is e in a c c o rd a n c e w ith s p e c ific a tio n s on s a le s s lip s , c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s , o r o th er in s tru c tio n s . M a y , in a d d itio n to f i l l i n g o r d e r s and in d i c a tin g ite m s f ille d o r o m itte d , k e e p r e c o r d s o f o u tgo in g o r d e r s , r e q u is itio n a d d itio n a l stock o r r e p o r t sh o rt s u p p lies to s u p e r v is o r , and p e r f o r m o th e r r e la te d d u ties. T R U C K D R IV E R D r iv e s a tr u c k w ith in a c ity o r in d u s tr ia l a r e a to tr a n s p o r t m a t e r ia l s , m e r c h a n d is e , equ ip m en t, o r w o r k e r s b e tw e e n v a r io u s ty p e s o f e s t a b lis h m e n ts such as: M a n u fa ctu rin g p la n ts , fr e ig h t d e p o ts , w a r e h o u s e s , w h o le s a le a n d r e t a il e s ta b lis h m e n ts , o r b e tw e e n r e t a il e s ta b lis h m e n ts and c u s to m e r s ' h ou ses o r p la c e s o f b u s in e s s . M a y a ls o lo a d o r un load tr u c k w ith o r w ith out h e lp e r s , m a k e m in o r m e c h a n ic a l r e p a ir s , and k e e p tr u c k in g ood w o rk in g o r d e r . S a le s r o u te and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r iv e r s a r e e x c lu d e d . S H IP P IN G P A C K E R P r e p a r e s fin is h e d p ro d u c ts f o r sh ip m en t o r s to r a g e by p la c in g th e m in shipping c o n ta in e r s , the s p e c ific o p e r a tio n s p e r fo r m e d b e in g d ep en d en t upon th e ty p e , s iz e , and nu m b er o f u n its to be p a c k e d , th e ty p e o f c o n ta in e r e m p lo y e d , and m eth od o f s h ip m en t. W o r k r e q u ir e s th e p la c in g o f ite m s in ship p ing c o n ta in e rs and m a y in v o lv e one o r m o r e o f th e f o llo w in g : K n o w le d g e o f v a r io u s ite m s o f sto c k in o r d e r to v e r i f y c on ten t; s e le c tio n o f a p p r o p r ia te ty p e and s iz e o f c o n ta in e r; in s e r tin g e n c lo s u r e s in c o n ta in e r ; u sin g e x c e l s i o r o r o th e r m a t e r ia l to p re v e n t b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c lo s in g and s e a lin g c o n t a in e r ; and ap p lyin g la b e ls o r e n te r in g id e n tify in g d ata on c o n ta in e r . P a c k e r s w ho a ls o m ake w o od en b ox es o r c r a te s a r e e x c lu d e d . F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , t r u c k d r iv e r s a r e c la s s ifie d by s iz e and ty p e o f equ ip m en t, as fo llo w s : ( T r a c t o r - t r a i l e r should be r a te d on the b a s is o f t r a i l e r c a p a c ity .) study Shipping c le r k R e c e iv in g c le r k Shipping and r e c e iv in g c le r k S T A T IO N A R Y E N G IN E E R T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , w age lig h t tr u c k (u n d er l l / z ton s) m ed iu m tr u c k ( I V 2 to and in clu d in g 4 tons) h e a v y tr u c k ( t r a i l e r ) (o v e r 4 tons) h e a v y tr u c k (o th e r than t r a i l e r ) (o v e r 4 tons) 22 M A T E R IA L H A N D L IN G LA B O R E R G UARD A N D W A T C H M A N A w o r k e r e m p lo y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m an u factu rin g p la n t, s t o r e , o r o t h e r e s ta b lis h m e n t w h o s e d u ties in v o lv e one o r m o r e o f the f o llo w in g : L o a d in g and u n lo a d in g v a r io u s m a te r ia ls and m e rc h a n d is e on o r f r o m fr e ig h t c a r s , tr u c k s , o r o th e r tr a n s p o r tin g d e v ic e s ; un packin g, s h e lv in g , o r p la c in g m a t e r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e in p r o p e r s to r a g e lo c a tio n ; and tr a n s p o r tin g m a t e r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e b y han d tru ck, c a r , o r w h e e lb a r r o w . Lon gsh ore w o r k e r s , who lo a d and un load s h ip s , a r e e x c lu d e d . G u a rd . P e r f o r m s rou tin e p o lic e d u tie s , e ith e r at fix e d post o r on to u r , m a in ta in in g o r d e r , u sin g a r m s o r f o r c e w h e r e n e c e s s a r y . In clu d es g u a rd s who a r e s ta tio n e d at g a te and ch e c k on id e n tity o f e m p lo y e e s and o th e r p e rs o n s e n te r in g . W a tc h m a n . M a k e s rounds o f p r e m is e s p r o p e r t y a g a in s t f i r e , th e ft, and i l l e g a l en try . p e r io d ic a lly in p ro te c tin g P O W E R -T R U C K O P E R A T O R J A N IT O R , P O R T E R , O R C L E A N E R O pe r a te s a m a n u a lly c o n tr o lle d g a s o lin e - o r e le c t r ic - p o w e r e d tr u c k o r t r a c t o r to t r a n s p o r t good s and m a te r ia ls o f a ll kinds about a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu rin g p la n t, o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. tr u c k , C lea n s and k eep s in an o r d e r l y c o n d itio n fa c t o r y w o rk in g a r e a s and w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m is e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a rtm en t h ou se, o r c o m m e r ic a l o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. D u ties in v o lv e a c o m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : S w ee p in g , m o p p in g o r s c ru b b in g , and p o lis h in g f l o o r s ; re m o v in g ch ip s, tr a s h , and o th e r r e fu s e ; d u stin g e q u ip m en t, fu r n itu r e , o r fix tu r e s ; p o lis h in g m e ta l fix tu r e s o r t r im m in g s ; p r o v id in g su p p lies and m in o r m ain ten an ce s e r v ic e s ; and c le a n in g la v a t o r ie s , s h o w e r s , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s who s p e c ia liz e in w in d o w w a sh in g a r e exc lu d e d . F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c la s s ifie d b y ty p e o f p o w e r as f o llo w s : F o r k lift o p e ra to r P o w e r - t r u c k o p e r a t o r (o t h e r than fo r k lift ) 23 Service Contract Act Surveys T h e fo llo w in g a r e a s a r e s u r v e y e d p e r io d ic a lly f o r use in a d m in is te r in g the S e r v ic e C o n tra c t A c t o f 1965. S u rv e y re s u lts a re pub lis h e d in r e le a s e s w h ich a re a v a ila b le , at no c o s t, w h ile su p p lies la s t f r o m any o f the B L S r e g io n a l o ffic e s shown on the b ack c o v e r . A la s k a (s ta te w id e ) A lb a n y , Ga. A le x a n d r ia —L e e s v i l l e , L a . A lp en a—S ta n d ish ^ T a w a s C ity , M ic h . Ann A r b o r , M ic h . A tla n tic C ity , N .J . A u gu sta, G a.—S .C . A u stin , T e x . B a k e r s fie ld , C a lif. B aton R o u g e , L a . B a ttle C r e e k , M ic h . B eaum ont—P o r t A r th u i—O r a n g e , T e x . B eau m ont—P o r t A rth u r—O ra n g e and L a k e C h a r le s , T e x .—L a . B ilo x i—G u lfp o rt and P a s c a g o u la — M oss P o in t, M is s . B in gh am ton , N .Y . B irm in g h a m , A la . B lo o m in g to n —V in c e n n e s , Ind. B r e m e r to n —S h elton , W ash . B ru n s w ic k , Ga. C e d a r R a p id s , Io w a C ham paign—U rban a—Rant ou l, 111. C h a rle sto n —N o r th C h a rle sto n — W a ite r b o r o , S .C . C h a rlo tte —G a s to n ia , N .C , C heyen n e, W y o. C la rk s v i l l e —H o p k in s v ille , T enn.—K y . C o lo ra d o S p r in g s , C o lo . C olu m b ia—S u m te r, S .C . C olu m bu s, G a.—A la . C olu m bu s, M is s . D e c a tu r, 111. Des M o in e s , Io w a Duluth—S u p e r io r , M inn.—W is . E l P a s o —A la m o g o r d o —L a s C r u c e s , T e x .—N. M e x . E ugen e—S p r in g fie ld —M e d fo r d , O r e g . F a y e t t e v ille , N .C . F o r t L a u d e r d a le —H o lly w o o d and W e s t P a lm B ea ch — B o c a R aton , F la . F o r t S m ith , A r k .—O k la. F r e d e r ic k —H a g e r s to w n C h a m b e rs b u rg , M d .—Pa. G o ld s b o r o , N .C . G ran d Is la n d —H a s tin g s , N e b r. G uam , T e r r i t o r y o f H a r r is b u r g —L eb an o n , P a . K n o x v ille , Tenn. L aredo, Tex. L a s V e g a s —T on op ah , N ev . L im a , O hio L it t le R ock —N o rth L it t le R o c k , A r k . L o g a n s p o rt—P e r u , Ind. L o r a in —E ly r ia , O hio L o w e r E a s te rn S h o re , M d.—V a .—D el. M a c o n , Ga. M a d is o n , W is . M a in e (s ta te w id e ) M a n s fie ld , O hio M c A lle n —P h a r r —E d in b u rg and B r o w n s v ille —H a rlin g e n — San B e n ito , T e x . M e r id ia n , M is s . M id d le s e x , M on m outh, and O c e a n C o s ., N .J . M o b ile —P e n s a c o la —P a n a m a C ity , A la .—F la . M on tana (s ta te w id e ) N a s h v ille —D a v id s o n , Tenn. N e w B ern —J a c k s o n v ille , N .C . N e w H a m p s h ire (s ta te w id e ) N ew L on d on —N o r w ic h , Conn.—R .I. N o r th D akota (s ta te w id e ) N o r th e r n N ew Y o r k N o r th w e s t T e x a s O r la n d o , F la . O x n a rd —S im i V a lle y —V e n tu ra , C a lif. P e o r ia , 111. P h o e n ix , A r i z . P in e B lu ff, A r k . P u e b lo , C o lo . P u e r t o R ic o R a le ig h —D u rh am , N .C . R en o, N e v . S a lin a , K an s. S a lin as—S easid e—M o n te re y , C a lif. Sandusky, Ohio Santa B a rb a ra —Santa M a r ia — L o m p o c , C a lif. Savannah, Ga. S e lm a , A la . S h re v e p o r t, L a . South Dakota (s ta te w id e ) S ou th ern Idaho Southw est V ir g in ia Spokane, W ash. S p r in g fie ld , 111. S tock ton , C a lif. T a c o m a , W ash. T a m p a —St. P e te r s b u r g , F la . T o p e k a , Kans. T u cson —D o u g la s , A r iz . T u ls a , O kla. U p p e r P e n in s u la , M ich . V e r m o n t (s ta te w id e ) V ir g in Island s o f the U.S. W a co and K ille e n —T e m p le , T e x . W a te r lo o —C ed a r F a l l s , Iow a W e s t V ir g in ia (s ta te w id e ) W ic h ita F a lls —Law ton—Altu s , T e x .—O kla. W ilm in g to n , D e l.—N .J .—Md. Y ak im a—Richland—K en n ew ick — P e n d le to n , W a sh .—O r e g . A LS O A V A IL A B L E — A n annual r e p o r t on s a la r ie s f o r accou n tan ts, a u d ito rs , c h ie f a c c o u n t an ts, a tto r n e y s , jo b a n a ly s ts , d i r e c t o r s o f p e rs o n n e l, b u y e r s , c h e m is ts , e n g in e e r s , e n g in e e r in g te c h n ic ia n s , d r a ft e r s , a n d c l e r i c a l e m p lo y e e s is a v a ila b le . O r d e r as B L S B u lle tin 1980, N a tio n a l S u rv e y o f P r o fe s s io n a l, A d m in is t r a t iv e , T e c h n ic a l and C l e r i c a l P a y , M a r c h 1977, $ 2.40 a c o p y , f r o m any o f the B L S r e g io n a l s a le s o f f ic e s shown on the b ack c o v e r , o r f r o m the S u p e r in ten d en t o f D oc u m e n ts , U .S . G o v e r n m en t P r in tin g O ff ic e , W a sh in g ton , D .C . 20402. Area Wage Surveys A l i s t o f th e la te s t b u lle tin s a v a ila b le is p re s e n te d b e lo w . B u lle tin s m a y be p u r c h a s e d f r o m an y o f th e B L S r e g io n a l o ffic e s shown on th e b ack c o v e r , o r fr o m th e S u p e rin te n d e n t o f D ocu m en ts, U.S. G o v e rn m en t P r in tin g O f f ic e , W a s h in g to n , D .C . 20402. M a k e ch eck s p a y a b le to Su perin ten den t o f D o c u m e n ts . A d i r e c t o r y o f o c c u p a tio n a l w a g e s u r v e y s , c o v e r in g the y e a r s 1970 th ro u gh 1976, is a v a ila b le on re q u e s t. A rea A k r o n , O h io , D e c . 1978__________________________________________ A lb a n y - S c h e n e c t a d y - T r o y , N . Y . , Sept. 1978 1........................ A n a h e im -S a n ta A n a—G a rd e n G r o v e , C a l i f. , O c t. 1977_________________________________________________ A tla n ta , G a ., M a y 1 9 7 8 1_________________________________________ B a lt im o r e , M d ., A u g . 1978 1____________________________________ B illin g s , M o n t., J u ly 1978_______________________________________ B ir m in g h a m , A l a . , M a r . 1978__________________________________ B o s to n , M a s s ., A u g . 1 9 7 8 1 _____________________________________ B u ffa lo , N . Y . , O c t. 1977 _________________________________________ C anton, O h io , M a y 1978__________________________________________ C h a tta n o o g a , T en n .—G a ., S ep t. 1978 1 -------------------------------C h ic a g o , 111., M a y 1978__________________________________________ C in c in n a ti, O h io—K y .—In d ., Ju ly 1978__________________________ C le v e la n d , O h io , S ep t. 1978_____________________________________ C o lu m b u s , O h io , O c t. 1978 1_____________________________________ C orp u s C h r is t i, T e x . , J u ly 1978_______________________________ D a lla s - F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , O c t. 1978 1 _________________________ D a v e n p o rt—R o c k Is la n d —M o lin e , Iow a—111., F eb . 1978-------D ayton , O h io , D e c . 1977 1________________________________________ D ay ton a B e a c h , F l a . , A u g . 1978________________________________ D e n v e r —B o u ld e r , C o lo ., D e c . 1977 1___________________________ D e t r o it , M ic h ., M a r . 1978_______________________________________ F r e s n o , C a l i f. , June 1 9 7 8 1 ----------------------------------------------G a in e s v ille , F l a . , S ep t. 1978---------------------------------------------G r e e n B a y , W i s ., J u ly 1978 1___________________________________ G r e e n s b o r o —W in s to n -S a le m —H ig h P o in t, N .C . , A u g . 1978_____________________________________ ____________ G r e e n v ille —S p a rta n b u rg , S .C ., June 1978_____________________ H a r t fo r d , C on n ., M a r . 1978 1--------------------------------------------H o u sto n , T e x . , A p r . 1978________________________________________ H u n ts v ille , A l a . , F e b . 1 9 78 ----------------------------------------------In d ia n a p o lis , In d ., O c t. 1978 1--------------------------------------------J a c k s o n , M i s s . , Jan. 1978_______________________________________ J a c k s o n v ille , F l a . , D e c . 1 9 77 -------------------------------------------K a n s a s C ity , M o .—K a n s ., S ep t. 1 978---------------------------------L o s A n g e le s —L o n g B e a c h , C a lif . , O c t. 1978 1_________________ L o u is v i l l e , K y .—In d ., N o v . 1977 1--------------------------------------M e m p h is , Term .—A r k . —M i s s ., N o v . 1978--------------------------- B u lle tin nu m ber and p r i c e * 2 025-63, $ 1.00 2025-58, $ 1 .2 0 1950-60, 2025-28, 2025-50, 2025-38, 2025-15, 2025-43, 1950-58, 2025-22, 2025-51, 2025-32, 2025-39, 2025-49, 2 025-59, 2025-29, 2025-52, 2 0 2 5 -6 , 1950-71, 2025-48, 1950-74, 2025-11, 2025-31, 2025-45, 2025-41, $1 .0 0 $ 1 .4 0 $1.50 $ 1.00 80 cents $1.5 0 $ 1 .0 0 70 cen ts $1 .2 0 $ 1 .3 0 $1.1 0 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .0 0 $1 .5 0 70 cents $ 1 .1 0 $1.0 0 $1.40 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .0 0 $1 .2 0 2025-46, 2025-30, 2025-14, 2025-23, 2 0 2 5 -4 , 2025-57, 2 0 2 5 -1 , 1950-67, 2025-53, 2 025-61, 1950-66, 2025-62, $1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1.20 $1 .2 0 70 cents $ 1 .5 0 70 cents 70 cen ts $ 1 .3 0 $ 1.50 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .0 0 A rea B u lle tin num ber and p r i c e * M ia m i, F la . , O c t. 1978 1________________________________________ 2025-60, $1.3 0 M ilw a u k e e , W is . , A p r . 1978 1 _________________________________ 2025-18, $1.40 M in n e a p o lis —St. P a u l, M inn.—W is ., Jan. 1978 1_____________ 2025-2, $1.40 N a s s a u -S u ffo lk , N . Y . , June 1978 1____________________________ 2025-33, $1.30 N e w a r k , N .J ., Jan. 1978 1______________________________________ 2 025-7, $1.40 N e w O r le a n s , L a ., Jan. 1978__________________________________ 2 025-5, $1.00 N e w Y o r k , N .Y ^ - N .J ., M a y 1978 1____________________________ 2025-35, $1.50 N o r fo lk —V ir g in ia B ea ch —P o rts m o u th , V a.— N .C ., M a y 1978__________________________________________________ 2025-20, 70 cents N o r fo lk —V ir g in ia B e a c h -P o r ts m o u th and N e w p o rt N ew s —H am p ton , V a .—N .C ., M a y 1978____________ 2025-21, 80 cents N o r th e a s t P e n n s y lv a n ia , A u g . 1978____________________________ 2025-47, $1.00 O k la h o m a C ity , O k la ., A u g . 1978_____________________________ 2025-40, $1.00 O m ah a, N e b r .—Io w a , O ct. 1978________________________________ 2025-56, $ 1.00 P a te r s o n —C lifto n —P a s s a ic , N .J ., June 1978 1 _______________ 2025-36, $1.20 P h ila d e lp h ia , P a .—N .J ., N o v . 1978_________ _________________ 2025-54, $ 1.30 P itts b u r g h , P a ., Jan. 1978_____________________________________ 2025-3, $1.10 P o r tla n d , M a in e , D ec. 1977................... .................................... 1950-69, 70 cents P o r tla n d , O r e g .—W a s h ., M a y 1978____________________________ 2025-25, $1.00 P o u g h k e e p s ie , N . Y . , June 1978 1 _____________________________ 2025-37, $1.10 P o u g h k e e p s ie —K in g s to n -N e w b u r g h , N .Y . , June 1978 1 _____ 2025-42, $1.20 P r o v id e n c e - W a r w ic k —P a w tu c k e t, R .I.— M a s s ., June 1978_______________________________________________ 2025-27, $1.40 R ic h m o n d , V a ., June 1978______________________________________ 2025-26, 80 cents St. L o u is , M o .—111., M a r . 1978_________________________________ 2025-13, $1.20 S a c ra m e n to , C a lif. , D e c . 1977 1_______________________________ 1950-72, $ 1 .0 0 S a gin aw , M ic h ., N o v . 1978_____________________________________ 2025-64, $ 1.00 Salt L a k e C ity —O gd en , U tah, N o v . 1977______________________ 1950-68, 80 cents San A n to n io , T e x . , M a y 1978__________________________________ 2025-17, 70 cents 1950-73, $ 1.10 San D ie g o , C a lif. , N o v . 1977 1_________________________________ San F r a n c is c o —O ak lan d, C a lif. , M a r . 1978 1_________________ 2025-10, $1.40 San J o s e , C a lif. , M a r . 1 9 7 8 1__________________________________ 2 025-9, $1.20 S e a ttle —E v e r e t t , W a s h ., D e c . 1977____________________________ 1950-75, 80 cents South B en d , In d ., A u g . 1978____________________________________ 2025-44, $1.00 T o le d o , O h io—M ic h ., M a y 1978 1______________________________ 2025-24, $1.20 T re n to n , N .J ., Sept. 1978 1 _____________________________________ 2025-55, $ 1 .2 0 U tic a ^ R o m e , N . Y . , July 1978__________________________________ 2025-34, $1.00 W a sh in g ton , D .C .—M d ^ V a . , M a r . 1978 1 ____________________ 2025-12, $1.40 W ic h ita , K a n s ., A p r . 1978______________________ ________________ 2025-16, 80 cents W o r c e s t e r , M a s s ., A p r . 1978 1 _______________________________ 2025-19, $1.10 Y o r k , P a ., F e b . 1978 1__________________________________________ 2 025-8, $1.10 * Prices are determ ined by the Government Printing O ffice and are subject to change. 1 D ata on establishment practices and supplementary w age provisions are also presented. Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Third Class Mail Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Lab-441 Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region I Region II Region III Region IV 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 223-6761 (A reaC o de617) Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York, N Y. 10036 Phone: 399-5406 (A reaC o de212) 3535 Market Street, P O Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa 19101 Phone: 596-1154 (A reaC o de215) Suite 540 1371 Peachtree St., N.E. 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