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AREA WAGE SURVEY
T h e R ic h m o n d , V irg in ia , M e tro p o lita n Area,
March 1972
B u lle t in 1 7 2 5 -7 2
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR / Bureau of Labor Statiitics
BUREAU
OF
LABOR
S T A T IS T IC S
R E G IO N A L
O F F IC E S
ALASKA
Region II
151 5 Broadway, Suite 3400
New York, N .Y. 10036
Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212)
Region III
406 Penn Square<Building
1317 Filbert St.
Philadelphia, Pa. 19107
Phone: 597-7796 (Area Code 215)
Region IV
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree St. NE.
Atlanta, Ga. 30309
Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404)
Region VI
Region V
8th Floor, 300 South Wacker Drive
1100 Commerce St., Rm. 6B7
Dallas, Tex. 75202
Chicago, III. 60606
Phone: 3 5 3 -1880 (Area Code 312)
Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214)
Regions V II and V III
Federal Office Building
911 Walnut St., 10th Floor
Kansas C ity, Mo. 64106
Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816)
Regions IX and X
450 Golden Gate Ave.
Box 36017 '
San Francisco, Calif. 94102
Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415)
Region I
1603-JFK Federal Building
Government Center
Boston, Mass. 02203
Phone: 223-6761 (Area Code 617)
• •
Regions V II and V III will be serviced by Kansas City.
Regions IX and X will be serviced by San Francisco.
AREA WAGE SURVEY
B u lle tin 1 7 2 5 -7 2
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, J. D. Hodgson, Secretary
A ugust 1972
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, Geoffrey H. Moore, Commissioner
T h e R ic h m o n d , V irg in ia , M e tro p o lita n A re a , M a r c h 1 9 7 2
CONTENTS
Page
1.
5.
In tro d u c tio n
W a g e tr e n d s f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s
T a b le s :
4.
6.
1.
2.
E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y and n u m b e r stu d ied
In d e x e s o f sta n d a rd w e e k ly s a la r ie s and s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s ,
and p e r c e n ts o f in c r e a s e f o r s e le c t e d p e r io d s
A.
O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s :
A - l . O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s —m e n and w o m e n
A - 2 . P r o f e s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s -m e n and w o m e n
A - 3 . O f f ic e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s —m e n and w o m e n c o m b in e d
A - 4 . M a in te n a n c e and p o w e r p la n t o c c u p a tio n s
A - 5 . C u s to d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a tio n s
B.
E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p r o v is io n s :
B - l . M in im u m e n tra n c e s a la r ie s fo r w o m e n o f f ic e w o r k e r s
B - 2 . S h ift d if fe r e n t ia ls
B - 3 . S ch ed u led w e e k ly h o u rs and days
B - 4 . P a id h o lid a y s
B - 5 . P a id v a c a tio n s
B - 6 . H e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n plans
7.
9.
11.
12 .
13.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
21.
23.
A p p e n d ix .
O c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r ip tio n s
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402—Price 35 cents
P r e fa c e
T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s p r o g r a m o f annual o c c u p a
t i o n a l w a g e s u r v e y s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s is d e s i g n e d to p r o v i d e data
on o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s , and e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e
m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s . It y i e l d s d e t a i l e d data b y s e l e c t e d i n d u s t r y
d i v i s i o n f o r e a c h o f the a r e a s stu d ie d , f o r g e o g r a p h i c r e g i o n s , and f o r
the U n ited S ta te s . A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in the p r o g r a m is the ne e d
f o r g r e a t e r i n s i g h t into (1 ) the m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s by o c c u p a t i o n a l
c a t e g o r y and s k i l l l e v e l , and (2 ) the s t r u c t u r e and l e v e l o f w a g e s
a m o n g a r e a s and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s .
A t the end o f e a c h s u r v e y , an i n d i v i d u a l a r e a b u l l e ti n p r e
sents the r e s u l t s .
A f t e r c o m p l e t i o n o f a l l i n d iv id u a l a r e a b u lle tin s
f o r a round o f s u r v e y s , t w o s u m m a r y b u l l e t i n s a r e i s s u e d . T h e f i r s t
b r i n g s data f o r e a c h o f th e m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s stu d ied in to one b u l l e ti n .
T h e s e c o n d p r e s e n t s i n f o r m a t i o n w h i c h has b e e n p r o j e c t e d f r o m i n d i
v i d u a l m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a data to r e l a t e to g e o g r a p h i c r e g i o n s and the
U n it e d S ta te s .
N i n e t y - f o u r a r e a s c u r r e n t l y a r e in c l u d e d in the p r o g r a m . In
e a c h a r e a , i n f o r m a t i o n on o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s is c o l l e c t e d an nuall y
and on e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s
b ien n ia lly.
T h i s b u l l e t i n p r e s e n t s r e s u l t s o f the s u r v e y in R i c h m o n d ,
V a . , in M a r c h 1972.
T h e S tan d ard M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a , as
d e fi n e d by th e O f f i c e o f M a n a g e m e n t and B u d g e t ( f o r m e r l y the B u r e a u
o f the B u d g e t) th r o u g h J a n u a r y 1968, c o n s i s t s o f the c i t y o f R i c h m o n d ;
and the c o u n tie s o f C h e s t e r f i e l d , H a n o v e r , and H e n r i c o .
T h i s study
w a s c o n d u c t e d by the B u r e a u 's r e g i o n a l o f f i c e in P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . ,
u n d e r the g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f I r w i n L . F e i g e n b a u m , A s s i s t a n t R e g i o n a l
D ir e c t o r fo r O p era tion s.
N o te :
S im ila r rep o rts a re a v a ila b le fo r other a rea s.
b ack c o v e r . )
(S ee i n s i d e
Union w a g e r a t e s , i n d i c a t i v e o f p r e v a i l i n g p a y l e v e l s in
the R i c h m o n d a r e a , a r e a l s o a v a i l a b l e f o r b u ild in g c o n s t r u c ti o n ;
prin tin g; lo c a l- t r a n s it o p e r a tin g e m p lo y e e s ; lo c a l tr u c k d r iv e r s
and h e l p e r s ; and g r o c e r y s t o r e e m p l o y e e s .
In tro d u c tio n
T h i s a r e a is 1 o f 94 in w h ic h the U.S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r ' s
B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s con du cts s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n i n g s
and r e l a t e d b e n e f i t s on an a r e a w i d e b a s i s . 1 In th is a r e a , data w e r e o b
ta i n e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s to r e p r e s e n t a t i v e
e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in s i x b r o a d i n d u s tr y d i v i s i o n s :
M a n u fa c t u r in g ;
t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , and o t h e r pub li c u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a l e
t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; fin a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s .
M a j o r i n d u s t r y g ro u p s e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s e stu die s a r e g o v e r n m e n t
o p e r a t i o n s and the c o n s t r u c t i o n and e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s . E s t a b l i s h
m e n t s h a vin g f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m i t t e d
b e c a u s e th e y te nd to fu r n is h i n s u f f i c i e n t e m p l o y m e n t in the o c c u p a tio n s
stu d ie d to w a r r a n t in c l u s i o n .
S e p a r a t e tab u la tion s a r e p r o v i d e d f o r
e a c h o f the b r o a d i n d u s tr y d i v i s i o n s which m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a .
O c c u p a tio n a l e m p l o y m e n t and e a r n i n g s data a r e shown f o r
f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , t h o s e h i r e d to w o r k a r e g u l a r w e e k l y s c h e d u le .
E a r n i n g s data e x c l u d e p r e m i u m p ay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on
w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la t e s h i f t s .
N o n p r o d u c tio n bon uses a r e e x
clu d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g a l l o w a n c e s and i n c e n t i v e e a r n i n g s a r e i n
clu d e d . W h e r e w e e k l y h o u r s a r e r e p o r t e d , as f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u
p a tio n s , r e f e r e n c e i s to the s tan da rd w o r k w e e k (r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t
h a l f h o u r ) f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e
s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p ay f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r an d/ o r p r e m i u m
rates).
A v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s f o r t h e s e o c c u p a tio n s h a v e b e en
roun ded t o th e n e a r e s t h a l f d o l l a r .
T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c on du cted on a s a m p l e b a s is b e c a u s e o f
the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t i n v o l v e d in s u r v e y i n g a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . T o
o b ta in o p t i m u m a c c u r a c y at m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f
l a r g e than o f s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s is stu die d. In c o m b i n i n g the data,
h o w e v e r , a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e g i v e n t h e i r a p p r o p r i a t e w e ig h t. E s t i
m a t e s b a s e d on the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s stu died a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e ,
as r e l a t i n g t o a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the i n d u s t r y g r o u p in g and a r e a ,
e x c e p t f o r t h o s e b e l o w th e m i n i m u m s i z e studied.
T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u r e the l e v e l o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n i n g s in
an a r e a at a p a r t i c u l a r t i m e . C o m p a r i s o n s o f i n d iv id u a l o c c u p a tio n a l
a v e r a g e s o v e r t i m e m a y not r e f l e c t e x p e c t e d w a g e c h a n g e s .
The
a v e r a g e s f o r i n d iv id u a l jo b s a r e a f f e c t e d by ch an ge s in w a g e s and
em p lo ym en t patterns. F o r exam ple, p ro p ortion s o f w o rk e rs em ployed
by h ig h - o r l o w - w a g e f i r m s m a y change o r h i g h - w a g e w o r k e r s m a y
a d v a n c e to b e t t e r j o b s and be r e p l a c e d by n e w w o r k e r s at l o w e r r a t e s .
Such s hifts in e m p l o y m e n t c ould d e c r e a s e an o c c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e e v e n
though m o s t e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in an a r e a i n c r e a s e w a g e s d u r in g the y e a r .
T r e n d s in e a r n i n g s o f o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s , shown in ta b le 2, a r e
b e t t e r i n d i c a t o r s o f w a g e tr e n d s than i n d iv id u a l j o b s w ith in the g r o u p s .
O c c u p a tion s and E a r n i n g s
T h e oc c u p a tio n s s e l e c t e d f o r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y
o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g and n o n m a n u fa c t u rin g i n d u s t r i e s , and a r e o f the
follo w in g types:
(1 ) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l and te c h n i c a l ;
(3) m a i n te n a n c e and p o w e r p l a n t ; and (4) c u s t o d i a l and m a t e r i a l m o v e
m ent.
O c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d on a u n i fo r m set o f job
d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s i g n e d to ta k e ac c o u n t o f i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t v a r i a t i o n
in duties w ith in the s a m e j o b .
T h e o c c u p a ti o n s s e l e c t e d f o r study
a r e l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d in the ap p e n d ix. U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e i n d ic a te d ,
the e a r n i n g s data f o l l o w i n g the j o b t i t l e s a r e f o r all i n d u s t r i e s c o m
bined . E a r n i n g s data f o r s o m e o f the o c c u p a tio n s l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d ,
o r f o r s o m e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s w ith in o c c u p a t i o n s , a r e not p r e s e n t e d
in th e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s , b e c a u s e e i t h e r (1 ) e m p l o y m e n t in th e o c c u p a
tio n is to o s m a l l to p r o v i d e eno ugh data to m e r i t p r e s e n t a t i o n , o r
(2 ) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t data.
E a r n i n g s data not shown s e p a r a t e l y f o r i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s a r e i n c lu d e d
in a l l i n d u s t r i e s c o m b i n e d d ata, w h e r e shown.
L i k e w i s e , data a r e
i n c lu d e d in th e o v e r a l l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n wh en a s u b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f s e c
r e t a r i e s o r t r u c k d r i v e r s is not shown o r i n f o r m a t i o n to s u b c l a s s i f y
is not a v a i l a b l e .
The a v e ra g e s p resen ted r e fle c t com p osite, area w id e e s t i
m ates.
I n d u s t r i e s and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s d i f f e r in p ay l e v e l and j o b
s t a f f i n g and, thus, c o n trib u t e d i f f e r e n t l y to the e s t i m a t e s f o r e a c h j o b .
T h e p a y r e l a t i o n s h i p o b ta in a b le f r o m the a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l to r e f l e c t
a c c u r a t e l y the w a g e s p r e a d o r d i f f e r e n t i a l m a i n t a i n e d am on g jo b s in
i n d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . S i m i l a r l y , d i f f e r e n c e s in a v e r a g e pay l e v e l s
f o r m e n and w o m e n in any o f the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n s should not be
a s s u m e d to r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in pay t r e a t m e n t o f the s e x e s within
i n d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s .
O t h e r p o s s i b l e f a c t o r s w h ich m a y c o n
t r i b u t e to d i f f e r e n c e s in p ay f o r m e n and w o m e n in c lu d e : D i f f e r e n c e s
in p r o g r e s s i o n w ith in e s t a b l i s h e d r a t e r a n g e s , s in c e o n ly the actual
r a t e s p aid in c u m b e n ts a r e c o l l e c t e d ; and d i f f e r e n c e s in s p e c i f i c duties
p e r f o r m e d , alth ough the w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d a p p r o p r i a t e l y with in
th e s a m e s u r v e y j o b d e s c r i p t i o n . Job d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g
e m p l o y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a lly m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d than th os e
u s e d in in d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and a l l o w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s
a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the s p e c i f i c d uties p e r f o r m e d .
1
Included in the 94 areas are eight studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These
areas are Binghamton, N .Y . (New Yoric portion only); Durham, N. C .; Fort Lauderdale—Hollywood and
O c c u p a ti o n a l e m p l o y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a l l
West Palm Beach, F la .; Huntsville, A la .; Poughkeepsie—Kingston—Newburgh, N .Y .; Rochester, N .Y .
e
s
t
a
b
l
i
s
h
m
e n t s w it h in th e s c o p e o f th e study and not the n u m b e r a c tu
(office occupations only); Syracuse, N .Y .; and U tica—Rome, N .Y . In addition the Bureau conducts
a l l y s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s tr u c tu r e a m o n g
more lim ited area studies in 64 areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of
e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , the e s t i m a t e s o f o c c u p a ti o n a l e m p l o y m e n t o b ta in e d
the U. S. Department of Labor.
1
2
f r o m the s a m p l e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s stu d ie d s e r v e o n ly to i n d i c a t e
the r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e o f the j o b s stu d ie d .
T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s in
o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e do not a f f e c t m a t e r i a l l y th e a c c u r a c y o f the
e a r n i n g s data.
E s t a b l i s h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p l e m e n t a r y W a g e P r o v i s i o n s
I n f o r m a t i o n is p r e s e n t e d (i n the B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) on s e l e c t e d
e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s as th e y
r e l a t e to p l a n t - and o f f i c e w o r k e r s .
Data f o r i n d u s tr y d i v i s i o n s not
p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e l y a r e in c lu d e d in th e e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s . "
A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , and p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p l o y e e s , and c o n s t r u c
tion w o r k e r s who a r e u t i l i z e d as a s e p a r a t e w o r k f o r c e a r e e x c l u d e d .
" P l a n t w o r k e r s " i n c lu d e w o r k i n g f o r e m e n and a l l n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k
e r s ( in c lu d in g l e a d m e n and t r a i n e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o f f i c e fu n c tio n s .
" O f f i c e w o r k e r s " in c lu d e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s and n o n s u p e r v i s o r y
w o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g c l e r i c a l o r r e l a t e d fu n c tio n s . C a f e t e r i a w o r k e r s
and r o u t e m e n a r e e x c l u d e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , but in c lu d e d
in n o n m a n u fa c t u rin g i n d u s t r i e s .
M i n i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s (ta b le
B - l ) r e l a t e o n l y to the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s v i s i t e d . B e c a u s e o f th e o p tim u m
s a m p l i n g te c h n i q u e s us e d , and the p r o b a b i l i t y that l a r g e e s t a b l i s h
m e n ts a r e m o r e l i k e l y to h a v e f o r m a l e n t r a n c e r a t e s f o r w o r k e r s
a b o v e the s u b c l e r i c a l l e v e l than s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , the t a b l e is
m o r e - r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f p o l i c i e s in m e d i u m and l a r g e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s .
Sh if t d i f f e r e n t i a l data (ta b l e B - 2 ) a r e l i m i t e d to p l a n t w o r k e r s
in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s .
T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n is p r e s e n t e d both in
t e r m s o f (1) e s t a b l i s h m e n t p o l i c y , 2 p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f to ta l p lantw o r k e r e m p l o y m e n t , and (2) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e , p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s
o f w o r k e r s a c t u a l l y e m p l o y e d on the s p e c i f i e d shift at the t i m e o f the
survey.
In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g v a r i e d d i f f e r e n t i a l s , the am ount
a p p l y i n g to a m a j o r i t y w as u s e d o r , i f no am oun t a p p l i e d to a m a j o r i t y ,
th e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n " o t h e r " w as u s e d . In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in w h ic h s o m e
l a t e - s h i f t h o u r s a r e p a id at n o r m a l r a t e s , a d i f f e r e n t i a l w a s r e c o r d e d
o n ly i f i t a p p l i e d to a m a j o r i t y o f the s h if t h o u r s .
T h e s c h e d u le d w e e k l y h o u r s and d a y s ( t a b l e B - 3 ) o f a m a
j o r i t y o f the f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t a r e ta b u la te d as
a p p ly in g to a l l o f the p l a n t - o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s o f that e s t a b l i s h m e n t .
S c h ed ule d w e e k l y h o u r s and d ays a r e t h o s e w h ic h a m a j o r i t y o f f u l l
t i m e e m p l o y e e s w e r e e x p e c t e d to w o r k , w h e t h e r th e y w e r e p aid f o r at
stra ig h t-tim e o r o v e r t im e rates.
P a i d h o l i d a y s ; p a id v a c a t i o n s ; and h e a lt h , in s u r a n c e , and p e n
s io n p la ns ( t a b l e s B - 4 th ro u g h B - 6 ) a r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l l y on the
b a s i s that t h e s e a r e a p p l i c a b l e to a l l p la n t - o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s i f a
^ An establishment was considered as having a policy if it m et either of the following condi
tions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering late
shifts. An establishment was considered as having formal provisions if it (1) had operated late shifts
during the 12 months prior to the survey, or (2) had provisions in written form for operating late shifts.
m a j o r i t y o f such w o r k e r s a r e e l i g i b l e o r m a y e v e n t u a l l y q u a l i fy f o r
the p r a c t i c e s l i s t e d . Su ms o f i n d i v i d u a l i t e m s in t a b l e s B - 2 th ro ugh
B - 6 m a y not equal t o t a l s b e c a u s e o f rou n d in g.
Data on paid h o l i d a y s ( t a b l e B - 4 ) a r e l i m i t e d to data on h o l i
d a y s g r a n t e d an n u ally on a f o r m a l b a s i s ; i . e . , (1) a r e p r o v i d e d f o r in
w r i t t e n f o r m , o r (2) h a v e b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d b y c u s t o m . H o l i d a y s o r d i
n a r i l y g r a n t e d a r e in c l u d e d e v e n though th e y m a y f a l l on a n o n w o rk d a y
and the w o r k e r is not g r a n t e d a n o th e r d ay o f f . T h e f i r s t p a r t o f the
p aid h o l i d a y s t a b l e p r e s e n t s th e n u m b e r o f w h o l e and h a l f h o l i d a y s
a ctu a lly g ran ted.
T h e s e c o n d p a r t c o m b i n e s w h o l e and h a l f h o l i d a y s
to s ho w to ta l h o l i d a y t i m e .
T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a t i o n p la n s ( t a b l e B - 5 ) is l i m i t e d to a
sta tistica l m e a s u re o f va ca tio n p r o v is io n s .
It is not in ten d ed as a
m e a s u r e o f the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s a c t u a l l y r e c e i v i n g s p e c i f i c b e n e
fits.
P r o v i s i o n s o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t f o r a l l le n g th s o f s e r v i c e w e r e
ta b u la te d as a p p ly in g to a l l p l a n t - o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s o f the e s t a b l i s h
m e n t , r e g a r d l e s s o f le n g th o f s e r v i c e .
P r o v i s i o n s f o r p a y m e n t on
o t h e r than a t i m e b a s i s w e r e c o n v e r t e d to a t i m e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p l e ,
a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d as the e q u i v
a le n t o f 1 w e e k ' s p ay. O n ly b a s i c p lans a r e i n c lu d e d . E s t i m a t e s e x
c lu d e v a c a t i o n bonus and v a c a t i o n - s a v i n g s plans and t h o s e w h ich o f f e r
" e x t e n d e d " o r " s a b b a t i c a l " b e n e f i t s b e yo n d b a s i c plans with q u a l i fy i n g
l e n g th s o f s e r v i c e . Such e x c l u s i o n s a r e t y p i c a l in the s t e e l , a lu m in u m ,
and c an i n d u s t r i e s .
Data on h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p lan s ( t a b l e B - 6 ) i n
c lu d e t h o s e p lans f o r w h ich the e m p l o y e r p ay s at l e a s t a p a r t o f the
c ost. Such p lans i n c lu d e t h o s e u n d e r w r i t t e n by a c o m m e r c i a l i n s u r a n c e
c o m p a n y and t h o s e p r o v i d e d th r o u g h a union fund o r p aid d i r e c t l y by
the e m p l o y e r out o f c u r r e n t o p e r a t i n g funds o r f r o m a fund set a s i d e
f o r th is p u r p o s e . A n e s t a b l i s h m e n t w a s c o n s i d e r e d to h a v e a p lan i f
th e m a j o r i t y o f e m p l o y e e s w as e l i g i b l e to be c o v e r e d u n de r the plan,
e v e n i f l e s s than a m a j o r i t y e l e c t e d to p a r t i c i p a t e b e c a u s e e m p l o y e e s
w e r e r e q u i r e d to c o n t r i b u t e t o w a r d the c o s t o f th e plan. L e g a l l y r e
q u i r e d p l a n s , such as w o r k m e n ' s c o m p e n s a t i o n , s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , and
r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t w e r e e x c lu d e d .
S ic k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e is l i m i t e d to that ty p e o f i n
s u r a n c e u n de r w h i c h p r e d e t e r m i n e d c a s h p a y m e n t s a r e m a d e d i r e c t l y
to the i n s u r e d d u r i n g t e m p o r a r y i l l n e s s o r a c c i d e n t d i s a b i l i t y . I n f o r
m a t i o n is p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll such p lan s t o w h i c h th e e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b
u te s .
H o w e v e r , in N e w Y o r k and N e w J e r s e y , w h ich h a v e e n a c t e d
t e m p o r a r y d i s a b i l i t y i n s u r a n c e l a w s w h ic h r e q u i r e e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u
t i o n s , 3 p lans a r e i n c l u d e d o n l y i f th e e m p l o y e r (1) c o n t r i b u t e s m o r e
th an is l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d , o r (2 ) p r o v i d e s th e e m p l o y e e w ith b e n e f i t s
w h ic h e x c e e d the r e q u i r e m e n t s o f th e l a w .
T a b u l a t i o n s o f p a id s i c k
3
contributions.
The temporary disability laws in California and
Rhode Island do not require employer
3
l e a v e p lan s a r e l i m i t e d to f o r m a l pla ns 4 w h i c h p r o v i d e f u ll p ay o r a
p r o p o r t i o n o f th e w o r k e r ' s p a y d u r in g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f
illn e s s .
S e p a r a t e ta b u la tio n s a r e p r e s e n t e d a c c o r d i n g to (1) plans
w h ic h p r o v i d e f u l l p a y and no w a i t i n g p e r i o d , and (2) p la n s w h ich p r o
v i d e e i t h e r p a r t i a l p a y o r a w a i t i n g p e r i o d . In a d d itio n to the p r e s e n
ta t i o n o f th e p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s who a r e p r o v i d e d s i c k n e s s and
a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e o r p a id s i c k l e a v e , an u n du p lic ated to t a l is shown
o f w o r k e r s who r e c e i v e e i t h e r o r both t y p e s o f b e n e f i t s .
the d i s a b i l i t y , a m a x i m u m a g e , o r e l i g i b i l i t y f o r r e t i r e m e n t b e n e f i t s .
P a y m e n t s m a y be at f u l l o r p a r t i a l p a y but a r e a l m o s t a l w a y s r e
d uced by s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , w o r k m e n ' s c o m p e n s a ti o n , and p r i v a t e p e n s io n
b e n e f i t s p a y a b l e to the d i s a b l e d e m p l o y e e .
M a j o r m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e in c lu d e s th o s e plans wh ich a r e d e
s i g n e d t o p r o t e c t e m p l o y e e s in c a s e o f s i c k n e s s and i n j u r y i n v o l v i n g
e x p e n s e s b e y o n d the c o v e r a g e o f b a s i c h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , m e d i c a l , and
s u r g i c a l p la n s . M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p lans p r o v i d i n g f o r c o m
L o n g - t e r m d i s a b i l i t y p la ns p r o v i d e p a y m e n t s to t o t a l l y d i s
plete or p a rtia l paym ent of d o c to rs ' fe e s .
D enta l i n s u r a n c e u s u a lly
a b le d e m p l o y e e s upon th e e x p i r a t i o n o f t h e i r p a id s i c k l e a v e an d/ or
c o v e r s f i l l i n g s , e x t r a c t i o n s , and X - r a y s .
E x c l u d e d a r e plans which
c o v e r on ly o r a l s u r g e r y o r acciden t d a m a ge.
P l a n s m a y be u n d e r
s i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e , o r a f t e r a p r e d e t e r m i n e d p e r i o d o f
w r itte n by c o m m e r i c a l insuran ce com panies o r nonprofit org an iza tion s
d is a b ility (ty p ic a lly 6 m onths).
P a y m e n t s a r e m a d e until the end o f
o r th e y m a y b e p a id f o r by the e m p l o y e r out o f a fund s et a s i d e f o r
4
An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if it established at least the mini th is p u r p o s e . T a b u l a ti o n s o f r e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n plans a r e l i m i t e d to
t h o s e plans that p r o v i d e r e g u l a r p a y m e n t s f o r th e r e m a i n d e r o f the
mum number of days of sick leave available to each employee. Such a plan need not be written,
w o rk e r's life .
but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded.
4
T ab le 1.
Establishm ents and w orkers within scope of survey and num ber studied in Richm ond, V a .,‘ by m ajor industry division,2 M arch 1 9 7 2
Number of establishments
Industry division
Minimum
employment
in establish
ments in scope
of study
Workers in establishments
Within scope of study
Within scope
of study3
Plant
Number
A ll divisions---------------------------------------Manufacturing___________ __ ___
_ _
Nonmanufacturing. . _________
______
Transportation, communication, and
other public utilities 5_____________________
Wholesale trade_____________________________
Retail trade. ______ _______ _____ _______
Finance, insurance, and real estate_______
Services 8___________________________________
Studied
T o ta l4
Studied
Office
Percent
Total4
.
511
150
105,555
100
61,220
21,746
65,868
50
-
147
364
57
93
14,970
63,585
40
60
29,791
31,429
4,279
17,467
31,405
34,463
50
50
50
50
50
45
80
116
67
56
17
16
13, 751
8, 178
22,236
12,931
6,489
13
5, 936
21
19
20
8
21
12
6
( 6)
( 6)
(7)
(6)
3, 109
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
10,651
3, 024
9, 823
8,031
2,934
1 The Richmond Standard Metropolitan Statistical A rea, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget (fo rm erly the Bureau of the Budget) through January 1968, consists of the city
of Richmond; and the counties of Chesterfield, Hanover, and Henrico. The "workers within scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size
and composition of the labor force included in the survey. The estimates are not intended, however, to serve as a basis of comparison with other employment indexes for the area to measure
employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishment data compiled considerably in advance o f the payroll period studied, and (2) small establishments
are excluded from the scope of the survey.
2 The 1967 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used in classifying establishments by industry division.
3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service,
and motion picture theaters are considered as 1 establishment.
4 Includes executive, professional, and other workers excluded from the separate plant and office categories.
5 Abbreviated to "public u tilities" in the A - and B -series tables. Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation were excluded. Richmond's gas utility is municipally operated
and is excluded by definition from the scope of the study.
6 This industry division is represented in estimates for "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tables, and for "all industries" in the Series B tables. Separate presentation
of data fo r this division is not made for one or m ore of the following reasons: (1) Employment in the division is too small to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sample was not
designed initially to perm it separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to perm it separate presentation, and (4) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data.
7 Workers from this entire industry division are represented in estimates for "all industries" and "nonmanufacturing" in the Series A tables, but from the real estate portion only in estimates
for "a ll industries" in the Series B tables. Separate presentation of data for this
division is not made for one or m ore of the reasons given in footnote 6 above.
8 Hotels and m otels; laundries and other personal services; business services; automobile repair, rental, and parking; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations (excluding religious
and charitable organizations); and engineering and architectural services.
Over two-fifths of the workers within scope of the survey in the Richmond area
were employed in manufacturing firm s. The following presents the m ajor industry groups
and specific industries as a percent of all manufacturing:
Industry groups
Specific industries
Tobacco manufactures_________ 19
Chemicals and allied
products______________________ 18
Prim a ry metal industries_____ 11
Paper and allied products_____ 10
Apparel and other textile
products______________________ 8
Food and kindred products____ 8
Printing and publishing________ 7
Cigarettes_______________________15
Plastics m aterial and
synthetics___ ________________ 15
Nonferrous rolling and
drawing_______________________ 10
This information is based on estimates of total employment derived from universe
m aterials compiled prior to actual survey. Proportions in various industry divisions may
differ from proportions based on the results of the survey as shown in table 1 above.
W a g e T re n d s fo r S e le c te d O c c u p a tio n a l G ro u p s
shows the p e r c e n t a g e c han ge.
T h e in d e x is the p ro d u c t o f m u l t i p l y i n g
the b a s e y e a r r e l a t i v e (100) b y the r e l a t i v e f o r the next s u c c e e d i n g
y e a r and c on tin uin g to m u l t i p l y (c om p ou n d ) e ach y e a r ' s r e l a t i v e b y the
p r e v i o u s y e a r ' s index.
P r e s e n t e d in ta b le 2 a r e i n d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f chan ge
in a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s ,
and in a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s o f s e l e c t e d p l a n t w o r k e r g r o u p s .
T h e in d e x e s
a r e a m e a s u r e o f w a g e s at a g i v e n t i m e , e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t o f
w a g e s d u r in g the b a s e p e r i o d . S u b t ra c tin g 100 f r o m the in d e x y i e l d s
the p e r c e n t a g e c han ge in w a g e s f r o m the b a s e p e r i o d to the date o f
the in d e x.
T h e p e r c e n t a g e s o f c han ge o r i n c r e a s e r e l a t e to w a g e
c h a n ge s b e t w e e n the i n d i c a t e d d ate s . An nual r a t e s o f i n c r e a s e , w h e r e
sho wn, r e f l e c t the am ount o f i n c r e a s e f o r 12 m onths w h en the t i m e
p e r i o d b e t w e e n s u r v e y s w a s o t h e r than 12 m onths. T h e s e c o m p u ta tio n s
w e r e b a s e d on the a s s u m p t i o n that w a g e s i n c r e a s e d at a con stant r ate
betw een surveys.
T h e s e e s t i m a t e s a r e m e a s u r e s o f c han ge in a v e r
a g e s f o r the a r e a ; t h e y a r e not in ten d ed to m e a s u r e a v e r a g e p a y
c h a n g e s in the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the a r e a .
F o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , the w a g e
tr e n d s r e l a t e to r e g u l a r w e e k l y s a l a r i e s f o r the n o r m a l w o r k w e e k ,
e x c lu s iv e o f earn in gs fo r o v e r t im e .
F o r p l a n t w o r k e r g r o u p s , th e y
m e a s u r e c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , e x c lu d in g
p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and
la t e s h ifts . T h e p e r c e n t a g e s a r e b a s e d on data f o r s e l e c t e d k e y o c c u
p atio n s and in c lu d e m o s t o f the n u m e r i c a l l y im p o r t a n t j o b s w ith in
e a c h g ro u p .
L im itatio n s
o f Data
M e t h o d o f C o m p u tin g
T h e i n d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f ch an ge , as m e a s u r e s o f
c han ge in a r e a a v e r a g e s , a r e in f l u e n c e d by;
(1) g e n e r a l s a l a r y and
w a g e c h a n g e s , (2) m e r i t o r o t h e r i n c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e i v e d b y i n d i
v i d u a l w o r k e r s w h i l e in the s a m e j o b , and (3) c h a n ge s in a v e r a g e
w a g e s due to c h a n g e s in the l a b o r f o r c e r e s u l t i n g f r o m l a b o r t u r n
o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n s i o n s , f o r c e r e d u c t i o n s , and c h a n ge s in the p r o p o r
tio ns o f w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d b y e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith d i f f e r e n t p a y l e v e l s .
C h a n g e s in the l a b o r f o r c e can c a u s e i n c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the
o c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s with ou t a c tu a l w a g e c h a n ge s . It is c o n c e i v a b l e
that e v e n though a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in an a r e a g a v e w a g e i n c r e a s e s ,
a v e r a g e w a g e s m a y have d eclin ed beca u se lo w e r - p a y in g establishm en ts
e n t e r e d the a r e a o r e xp an d e d t h e i r w o r k f o r c e s .
S im ilarly, wages
m a y h a ve r e m a i n e d r e l a t i v e l y con stant, y e t the a v e r a g e s f o r an a r e a
m a y h a ve r i s e n c o n s i d e r a b l y b e c a u s e h i g h e r - p a y i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s
e n t e r e d the a r e a .
E a c h o f the f o l l o w i n g k e y o c c u p a tio n s w ith in an o c c u p a tio n a l
g r o u p w a s a s s i g n e d a con stan t w e i g h t b a s e d on its p r o p o r t i o n a t e e m
p l o y m e n t in the o c c u p a t i o n a l g ro u p :
Office clerical (men and women): Office clerical (men and women)— Skilled maintenance (men):
Bookkeeping-machine
Continued
Carpenters
Electricians
operators, class B
Secretaries
Clerks, accounting, classes
Stenographers, general
Machinists
A and B
Stenographers, senior
Mechanics
Mechanics (automotive)
Clerks, file, classes
Switchboard operators, classes
Painters
A, B, and C
A and B
Clerks, order
Pipefitters
Tabulating-m achine operators,
Tool and die makers
Clerks, payroll
class B
Comptometer operators
Typists, classes A and B
Keypunch operators, classes
Unskilled plant (men):
A and B
Industrial nurses (men and
Janitors, porters, and
Messengers (office boys or
women):
cleaners
girls)
Nurses, industrial (registered)
Laborers, material handling
T h e use o f con stant e m p l o y m e n t w e i g h t s e l i m i n a t e s the e f f e c t
o f c h a n g e s in the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in each jo b i n
c lu d e d in the data.
T h e p e r c e n t a g e s o f c han ge r e f l e c t o n ly ch an ge s
in a v e r a g e p a y f o r s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r s .
T h e y a r e not i n flu e n c e d b y
c h a n ge s in s ta n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u l e s , as such, o r b y p r e m i u m p a y
f o r o v e r t i m e . W h e r e n e c e s s a r y , data w e r e ad ju s te d to r e m o v e f r o m
the i n d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f c han ge any s i g n i f i c a n t e f f e c t c a u s e d
b y c h a n g e s in the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y .
T h e a v e r a g e (m e a n ) e a r n i n g s f o r e a c h o c c u p a tio n w e r e m u l t i
p l i e d b y the o c c u p a t i o n a l w e i g h t , and the p r o d u c t s f o r a l l oc c u p a tio n s
in the g r o u p w e r e to ta l e d .
The a g g r e g a te s fo r 2 con secu tive y ea rs
w e r e r e l a t e d b y d i v i d i n g the a g g r e g a t e f o r the l a t e r y e a r b y the a g g r e
g a te f o r the e a r l i e r y e a r .
T h e r e s u l t a n t r e l a t i v e , l e s s 100 p e r c e n t ,
5
6
T ab le 2. Indexes of standard w eekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupational groups
in Richm ond, Va., M arch 1971 and M arch 1 9 7 2, and percents of increase for selected periods
A ll industries
Period
Office
clerical
(men and
women)
Industrial
nurses
(men and
women)
Manufacturing
Skilled
maintenance
trades
(men)
Unskilled
plantworkers
(men)
O ffice
clerical
(men and
women)
Industrial
nurses
(men and
women)
Skilled
maintenance
trades
(men)
Unskilled
plantworkers
(men)
125. 7
132. 2
126. 6
133. 1
124. 9
134. 3
Indexes (November 1967:100)
March 1971---------------------------------------------March 1972 ....................... — .........................
120. 1
126. 0
125. 5
134. 7
128. 5
136. 7
*122. 3
128. 0
118. 4
126. 0
Percents of increase
February I960 to December I960:
10-month increase--------------------------------Annual rate of in crease____________________
2. 6
3. 1
3. 7
4. 5
3. 4
4. 1
5. 3
6.4
2.9
3. 5
3. 6
4. 3
3. 2
3.9
2. 5
3.0
December I960 to November 1961:
11-month increase--------------------------------Annual rate of in c re a s e--------------------------
3.9
4. 3
1. 5
1. 6
3. 5
3. 8
8. 3
9. 1
2. 8
3. 1
.5
.5
3. 2
3. 5
8. 4
9. 2
November 1961 to November 1962---------------November 1962 to November 1963—-------------November 1963 to November 1964-— -----------November 1964 to November 1965---------------November 1965 to November 1966---------------Novem ber 1966 to November 1967---------------November 1967 to March 1969:
16-month increase--------------------------------Annual rate of in crease____________________
2. 5
2. 6
2. 6
5.4
3. 8
1. 6
1. 0
3. 5
.5
3. 8
4. 1
5. 7
2. 6
2. 3
2. 6
5. 5
3. 3
4. 3
3. 2
3. 1
2. 7
4. 0
28. 5
3. 1
2. 0
2. 8
2. 1
3. 5
2. 9
3. 2
1. 5
3. 4
0
4. 2
5. 0
5. 2
2. 7
1.9
2. 3
5. 1
3. 3
4. 5
3. 2
3. 7
3. 3
5. 1
4. 0
4. 7
6. 1
4. 5
7. 5
5. 6
7. 8
5. 8
8. 7
6. 5
6. 5
4. 8
7. 8
5. 8
7. 8
5. 8
5. 5
4. 1
March 1969 to March 1970-------------------------March 1970 to March 1971-------------------------March 1971 to March 1972--------------------------
6.6
6. 2
4.9
8. 1
7. 9
7. 3
7. 7
10. 7
6. 4
5. 2
‘6. 9
4. 7
5. 8
5. 1
6. 4
7. 2
8. 8
5. 2
7. 3
9.4
5. 1
9.4
8. 2
7. 5
1 Revised estimate.
2 This increase reflects changes in employment among establishments with different pay levels in addition to general wage changes.
7
A.
O ccupational earnings
T a b le A -1.
O ffic e o cc u p atio n s —men and w o m en
(A v e ra g e straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an a re a b asis by industry division, Richmond, Va., M arch 1972)
Weekly earnings 1
( standard)
Sex, occupation, and industry division
Number
of
Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of—
A
Average
weekly
hours1
(standard)
A
60
M ean2
M edian2
Middle range2
*
65
t
70
*
75
A
*
80
85
A
90
A
*
95
100
»
A
110
120
A
%
130
140
$
150
%
160
A
%
170
180
*
190
%
200
and
under
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
4
4
1
3
i
10
3
7
5
11
6
5
3
5
3
2
2
20
17
3
1
8
5
3
2
5
4
1
1
17
8
9
9
22
4
18
18
4
2
2
2
%
210
220
-
and
220
over
HEN
$
$
$
1 6 0 .5 0
1 6 0 .0 0
1 6 1 .0 0
1 7 3 .0 0
1 6 1 .0 0
1 3 8 . 5 0 -1 8 9 .6 0
-
-
-
-
-
1 5 4 .5 0
1 7 7 .5 0
1 8 7 .5 0
1 5 0 .0 0 - 1 8 2 .5 0
1 3 0 .0 0 - 1 9 2 .0 0
-
-
-
-
-
1 5 1 .0 0 - 1 9 3 .0 0
1 3 6 .5 0
1 3 0 .0 0
1 6 6 .0 0
-
_
_
1
1 0 6 .0 0 - 1 7 7 .0 0
1 1 2 .5 0 - 1 7 9 .5 0
-
-
-
-
1
1 4 9 .0 0
-
“
-
4 0 .0
4 0 .0
1 5 4 .0 0
1 3 7 *5 0
1 5 0 .0 0
1 4 5 .0 0
-
-
-
-
1 3 5 .5 0 - 1 5 3 .0 0
3 7 .5
3 7 .5
9 4 .0 0
9 2 .0 0
7 6 .0 0 - 1 0 4 .0 0
50
9 4 .0 0
9 2 .0 0
7 5 .0 0 - 1 0 4 .0 0
37
3 7 .5
1 0 7 .0 0
1 0 1 .5 0
9 1 .5 0 - 1 2 7 .5 0
61
3 8 .5
3 6 .0
3 8 .5
1 1 6 .5 0
1 2 0 .5 0
1 1 3 .0 0
1 1 6 .5 0
27
34
1 0 7 .5 0 - 1 2 6 .0 0
1 1 6 .0 0 - 1 3 1 .0 0
1 0 6 .0 0 - 1 2 0 .5 0
C LE R K S , A CC OU NTI NG, CLA SS A --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------- ----------------- -----NUNMANUFACTURING --------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S
— —--------------
i n
53
58
44
C LE R KS , A CC OU NTI NG, C LA SS 8 --------------NONMANUFACIURING ------------------ -------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S — --------------------- —
75
3 9 .0
53
41
3 9 .5
1 3 9 *5 0
1 4 0 .5 0
3 9 .5
C LE R KS , UROER — ----------------- ----------------------N O N M A N U F A C I U R I N G -------------------— ----------MESSENGERS ( U F F I C E BOYS! -------■-------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------
146
106
55
3 8 .5
3 7 .0
3 9 .5
4 0 .0
$
1 1 1 .0 0 - 1 7 0 .0 0
L 3 9 . 5 0 - 1 6 5 .0 0
-
-
1
-
-
-
3
3
3
_
-
_
6
6
-
12
_
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
1
-
4
2
2
1
3
3
2
5
5
3
7
5
3
6
6
4
8
5
4
10
1
1
6
2
1
3
2
1
4
4
4
9
8
8
4
4
4
2
2
2
-
5
5
-
18
18
4
1
i
i
10
10
36
35
27
27
15
9
-
-
6
-
7
_
18
17
1
_
_
4
4
-
-
_
1
7
3
i
5
i
2
1
-
22
4
18
16
12
4
6
3
3
12
8
4
_
1
_
~
l
“
“
__
_
_
_
_
-
1
12
4
4
1
12
4
4
4
2
6
-
-
2
5
9
_
1
1
2
1
1
2
WOMEN
B I L L E R S , MACHINE I BOOKKEEPING
M ACHINE) ---------------------------------------------------- rBOQKKEEPI NG—MACHINE OPERATORS,
C L A S S A ---------------- — ------------ -------------------- —
MANUFACTURING ------------------------ --------------NONMANUFACIURING --------------------B OOKKEEP ING- MACHI NE OPERATORS,
C LA SS B ------------- ------ ---------------------- ------------ —
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------— -------- —
N UN MA N UF A CT U K1 N G------------------- -------------
129
33
96
C LE R KS , A CC OU NT IN G, C LA SS A --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------------- —
N O N M A N U FA CT U RI N G-------------- ------------------
473
46
C LE R K S , A CCOUNTI NG, CL AS S f l ------------ -M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------ ------------------- -------------N ONMANUFACIURING --------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------
3 9 .0
3 6 .5
3 9 .5
9 8 .5 0
1 0 2 .0 0
9 7 .0 0
1 1 9 .0 0
1 0 6 .5 0
9 9 .5 0
1 0 4 .0 0
9 8 .5 0
9 4 .5 0 - 1 0 3 .5 0
9 7 .0 0 - 1 1 0 .5 0
9 4 .0 0 - 1 0 2 .0 0
-
-
_
_
~
_
1
_
-
1
-
1
1
5
5
10
—
10
10
68
4
64
75
5
70
196
8
188
38
15
23
10
6
4
3
2
1
3
3
“
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
_
-
_
-
10
46
1
45
93
5
68
14
120
!>
115
9
163
43
140
23
73
16
57
25
33
14
19
6
45
18
27
27
4
3
1
1
2
2
-
i
i
-
6
6
6
2
2
2
_
-
-
13
13
13
-
-
4
2
2
2
-
-
4
4
12
11
3
2
4
4
i
i
1
1
-
_
-
-
3
3
2
2
-
24
19
24
21
18
14
i
9
9
-
_
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
1
*
-
-
-
-
—
37
-
16
37
9
64
4
60
ii
2
3
u
9 3 .0 0 - 1 1 1 .5 0
113
583
148
3 6 .0
3 8 .5
1 1 4 .5 0
1 0 3 .5 0
1 0 2 .0 0 - L 2 9 .0 0
9 2 .0 0 - 1 0 8 .5 0
3 9 .0
1 2 1 .0 0
1 1 0 .0 0
9 9 .0 0
1 1 3 .5 0
C LE RK S, F I L E , CLASS A -------------------------- -NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------
47
3 6 .0
1 0 3 .0 0
8 7 .5 0 - 1 1 0 .0 0
-
45
3 8 .0
1 0 3 .0 0
9 6 .0 0
9 6 .0 0
8 7 .5 0 - 1 1 0 .5 0
*
C LE RK S, F I L E , CLA SS B ------ ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING
■— --------- ------------
221
3 8 .0
8 6 .0 0
8 5 .5 0
7 7 .5 0 -
-
202
3 8 .0
8 5 .0 0
6 5 .0 0
7 6 .5 0 -
9 1 .0 0
C LE RK S,
145
3 8 .0
8 7 .0 0
8 2 .5 0
7 7 .0 0 -
9 7 .0 0
------------------------
126
3 7 .5
8 6 .0 0
8 1 .5 0
7 6 .5 0 -
9 3 .5 0
C L E R K S , ORDER ----- *--------------------------------------MANUFACTURI NG --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------
104
54
3 9 .0
3 8 .5
1 0 5 . 00
1 0 9 .0 0
1 0 6 .5 0
1 0 8 .5 0
9 7 .0 0 - 1 1 2 .0 0
1 0 4 .5 0 - 1 1 7 .0 0
50
4 0 .0
1 0 0 .0 0
1 0 2 .0 0
9 3 .0 0 - 1 0 9 .0 0
7
7
16
-
1 0 1 .0 0
1 1 4 .5 0 - L 3 7 .5 0
-
9 7 . 0 0 —L 3 2 . 5 0
-
1
-
l
2
3
1
42
26
36
-
1
42
26
34
-
-
24
32
30
34
-
15
34
“
13
12
2
15
15
“
—
1
3
—
7
11
9
3
3
1
2
5
2
1
1
8
G
41
23
16
23
13
10
24
-
-
-
1
“
53
14
39
-
1 0 5 .0 0
See footnotes at end of tables.
-
_
33
4
29
-
3 6 .5
NONMANUFACIURING
1
-
“
20
5
15
-
696
-
“
_
9
1
8
-
1 3 3 .0 0
1 4 4 .5 0
1 3 1 .5 0
1 1 6 .0 0 - 1 3 8 .0 0
1 3 3 .0 0 - 1 5 4 .0 0
427
1 4 4 .0 0
1 2 5 .5 0
CLA SS C ---------------------- '
4
-
1 2 7 .0 0
FILE,
-
1
-
-
3 8 .0
3 6 .0
3 8 .5
9 2 .5 0
4
1
-
_
_
ii
49
45
3
8
8
1
1
_
•
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
8
T a b le A -1.
O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s —m en and w o m e n -----C o ntin u ed
(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, Va., March 1972)
Weekly amings 1
ard)
S e x , o c c u p a t i o n , and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n
Number
of
woikers
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s
*
$
Average
weekly
hours1
(standard)
60
Mean 2
Median2
Middle range 2
C LE RK S,
67
32
55
NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------
56
3 8 .0
3 6 .0
3 a .0
3 7 .5
$
113.50
105.50
118.00
1
"^3
20 9
I*T
129
^r
MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------N u NMANUFACTU k I N G ---------------------------- P U B L I C U T L L I T I t s --------------------------—
C LA SS C — ----------------------
CLASS
0 --------------------------
39*U
39.0
$
106.00
106.50
120.00
$
$
96 .50-130.00
102.00-117.00
90 .0 0-133 .0 0
00
33*^0
12 3*00
107.50
1^2 *0 0
107.50
$
90
r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s oi
$
95
$
100
$
110
i
120
$
130
6
160
$
150
»
160
$
i
170
180
$
190
6
20 0
i
210
220
and
70
75
60
85
90
95
100
110
120
130
160
150
160
170
-
1
l
1
1
9
6
3
3
26
18
6
7
11
13
1
1
—
3
6
13
1
1
180
190
200
-
6
2
~
6
2
68
21
27
8
30
9
21
11
19
5
16
12
15
5
10
8
5
10
8
210
22 0
o ve r
33
10 8* 50
8 6 * 00
82 *5 0
121.50
126.00
119.00
138.00
11 1.50-138.50
11 7.00-166.00
10 5.50-136.00
11 8.50 -17 1.00
75
iri
3 y. o
15 3.00
150.50
1' 9 50
166.00
136.50-170.00
132.00-170.00
"*09
116
38 5
39 .0
138 00
160.50
166.00
127.00-155.00
-
-
-
5
-
-
1
7
??
T?
9
9
2"
156.00
165.50
126.00-186.50
126.50
38 .5
120.00
108.50-139.00
120.00-152.50
106.50-131.50
116.50-152.50
_
330
:ro
119.50
136.00
11 7.00
103.00-125.50
1 1 6.50 -U 2.50
101.00-120.50
_
' • UU
-
*
_
-
10
10
i
_
2
11
26
1
23
1
.79
5
76
-
6
_
_
6
117.00
127.00
11 6.00
115.50
123.00
112.00
i l l sn
i « i*cn
i no sn
i nT n o
39 *0
137
00
133* 00
6
39 .0
135.50
131.50
3
3
39*0
119* 50
113* 00
39.0
39.5
96.50
95.50
96 .0 0
93.00
1
11
3
2
*
199
66
155
15
32 6
135
191
18
4
A
0
10
10
158
66
92
10
129
6o
63
10
8
8
15
15
16
72
16
30
12
6
36
70
66
26
9
9
30
18
20
9
2
1
4
1
1
3
6
109
65
88
66
16
28
63
15
28
28
20
8
17
26
65
19
46
9
0
66
15
29
6
3
2
1
1
68
L
67
u
10
88
11
77
7
13
63
t3
59
i
15
7
261
119
162
21
71
t4
3
6
6
-
7
12
1
11
o
106
26
a2
1 HA
82 .5 0-108 .5 0
81.5 0-107 .0 0
-
1
26
0
-
-
15
■Q
190
See fo o tn o tes at end o f ta b les.
99
;
*
36.0
90
84
2^
7
39 .0
tl-Q
-
-
26
? ■*
10
12
63 8
f
3
17
I*3
“T
126.00
131.50
123.00
163.50
38.5
38.5
36.5
2
-
'
!nA*nn
■ i n n t ny a a
38 5 11 9*00
36.5
3 8 .5
38.5
3 9 .5
39 3
6
7
1
10
37*5
299
85
9
1, 36 5
52 7
656
126
P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -----------------------------
E C K E TA K I ES .
»
i
80
* rtn
^96
j
75
C ONT INUE D
PAYROLL ------------------------------------------
SEC RETARIES,
*
$
70
and
under
65
WOMEN -
$
65
^6
a
62
30
32
fl
L2
34
3
LJ
2
1
1G
16
15
3
8
1
7
10
l
3
1
2
1
11
5
10
2
1
1
9
-
-
5
1
4
-
1
*
*
. 1r
5
2
3
6
3
i
i
.
3
2
1
.
1
3
1
1
1
1
*
1
15
8
r-
?n
11
9
5
3
2
1
_
3
-
_
9
T a b le A -1 .
O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s —men and w o m e n -----C o n tin u e d
(A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e w e e k ly hou rs and ea rn in gs fo r s e le c te d occu pation s studied on an a r e a b a sis by in d u stry d iv is io n , R ich m on d, V a ., M a rc h 1972)
Weekly earnings 1
{ standard)
Average
weekly
hours1
(standard)
Sex, occupation, and industry division
WOMEN -
Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of—
60
and
under
65
M iddle ran g e2
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
s
110
s
120
*
s
s
130
$
140
$
150
160
s
s
170
*
180
190
*
$
200
210
220
and
70
75
80
85
90
95
21
59
19
100
110
120
33
38
10
12
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220 over
CONTI NUED
$
$
$
39.5 101.50 97.50
38.5 108. 00 1 0 1 .0 0
39.5 99.00 95.50
SW I T C H 8 0 A R C OPER AT OR— RECEPTION! S T V
M A NU EA CT UK 1N 0 --------------------N0 NM AN UF AC T U R I N G -----------------
$
91.50-111.50
94 .0 0115.00
9 0 .0 0110.50
1
TR AN SC R1 BING— MACHINE OPERATORSt
N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------TYPISTS, CLASS A -------------------- M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- NONMANUFACTURING -----------—
1
1
12
11
52
31
107.50
115.50
106.50
13
2
11
40
3
37
55
14
41
83.00- 95.50
88.00113.50
82.00- 93.50
128
27
73
4
48
16
105
67
39.0 111 .0 0 107.50 102.50-118.00
115.00
39.0 105.50 107.50 98 .0 0-
184
33
151
38.5 1 0 1 .0 0 99.00
39.0 106.00 105.00
96.50
100.00
91.5099.0090 .5 0-
38.0 90.00 88.50
38.0 101.00 101.00
38.0 87.50 87.50
T Y P I S T S , C L A SS B ---------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------NUNMANUFACTURING ---------------
23
20
28
I7
II
101
8
7
1
See footnotes at end of tables.
T a b le A -2 .
P ro fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s —m en and w o m e n
(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, Va., March 1972)
Weekly earnings 1
(sta idard)
Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of—
$
Number
Sex, occupation, and industry division
of
Mean 2
M edian2
Middle range2
(standard)
*
80
and
under
*
90
_
$
t
*
$
$
s
100
_
110 120 130 140
_
_
_
_
150
110
120
130
140
150
160
-
-
1
1
6
4
8
7
9
7
1
1
16
5
ii
11
3
8
12
3
9
15
9
6
28
6
20
10
10
7
7
7
7
10
9
ii
7
12
1
___2°__100
£
160
$
170
*
180
19U
-
170
180
10
5
6
2
4
22
8
14
21
8
13
7
5
2
u
2
9
5
2
2
1
190
*
i
200
210
-
>
-
220
—
>
%
230
240
-
7
Z
—
$
$
250
260
270
280
-
-
-
and
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
2
2
D
l
-
-
l
-
_
-
2
2
i
l
280 over
MEN
$
NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------
29
$
$
$
38.5 138.50 139.50 126.00-157.50
93
39*0
See footn otes at end o f ta b les.
-
39.5 145.50 144.00 133.00-154.50
-
-
1
1
l
-
-
10
P ro fe s s io n a l and tec h n ica l o cc u p atio n s —men and w o m e n -----C ontinued
T a b le A -2 .
(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, Va., March 1972)
Weekly earnings 1
(staiidard)
Sex, occupation, and industry division
Number
of
workers
£
Average
weekly
hours1
(standard)
£
80
Mean2
Median2
Middle range2
$
90
»
100
£
110
120
Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of-*
$
t
*
*
*
£
*
*
$
£
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
and
under
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
-
_
-
-
_
-
-
2
2
2
2
170
180
230
190
200
210
220
230
240
3
7
6
8
2
4
4
3
6
*
240
£
250
i
260
$
270
280
—
and
250
MEN - CONTINUED
COMPUTER PROGRAMERS,
B U S I N E S S , C L A S S A ---------------------
$
$
39.0 213.00 205.00
30.5 tO l . O U 194.50
si
3^
$
$
188.50-242.50
COMPUTER PROGRAMERS,
iiUjlNLSo v C L A S S li
2
0
COMPUTER
PROGRAMERS,
COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
COMPUTER
J *
r ian
lu .Uu 1IT U .3U
157.00
25
38.0
157.00
JU
3 9 .U 2 6 0 . 3 0 2 3 7 . > 0
58
30.0 231.50 232.00
3
-
149.50-162.50
2
8
8
8
4
2
1
1
5
*23
5
**17
8
11
12
1
5
1
ANALYSTS,
SYSTEMS ANALYSTS,
..
r-
190 00
187.50
a!
200*00
Bo
39.3
17tt 0 0
178.50 177.50
166.50-194.00
59
40.0
39.5
144.00
148.50
151.00
152.00
124.00-162.00
U6.00-164.00
1J2 00
I31*i0
110.^0
1 10.-*0 1 0 2 . 0 0 - 1 1 4 . 5 0
180.50
151.00
52
J
208.50-254.00
177.50-211.00
J
1
8
3
12
21
17
17
11
11
1
2
8
14
12
1
1
14
12
5
17
1
30
14
2
10
WOMEN
CUMPul
Lk u ^L K A fu K j C L A S S o
30.0
37.3
COMPUTER
PROGRAMERS,
CLAj S ii
2
1
6
10
15
16
30.o
31
2
g.
30.5
1
14
*
5
2
-
3
3
computer systems a n a ly s t s .
NORSES,
INDUSTRIAL
iKEGISlEREU)
---
2o
3o.O 220.50 218.00
209.00-231.00
5d
38.3
39.0
161.00
161.00
147.30-172.30
148.00-172.00
47
*
Workers were distributed as follows:
Workers were distributed as follows:
See footn otes at end o f ta b les.
161.50
162.00
2
-
-
-
-
1
6
4
12
11
7
8
7
11
5 at $ 280 to $ 290; 3 at $ 290 to $ 300; 5 at $ 300 to $ 320; 8 at $ 320 to $ 340; and 2 at $ 340 to $ 360.
14 at $ 280 to $ 290; 1 at $ 300 to $310; 1 at $ 320 to $ 330; and 1 at $ 360 to $ 370.
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
T a b le A -3 .
O ffic e , professional, and tech n ical o cc u p atio n s —m en and w o m e n com bined
(A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e w e e k ly hours and earn in gs fo r s e le c te d occupations studied on an a re a b a sis b y in d u stry d iv is io n , Richm ond, V a . , M a rc h 1972)
A ven g e
Occupation and industry division
OFFICE
Number
of
workers
Weekly
Weekly
hours 1 eamings 1
(standard) (standard)
Occupation and industry division
OFFICE
OCCUPATIONS
154.00
164.50
145.50
C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R S , C L A S S 8 --------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- —
N U N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -----------------
186
62
124
27
38 .5
38.5
38.0
38 .5
13 6.00
14 2.00
13 2.50
13 6.00
C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R S , C L A S S C --------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------
113
92
3 8 .0
3 8 .0
114.50
110.50
ob
44
38.5
38.5
212.50
201.00
150
33
117
3 9 .0
38.5
39.0
18 5.50
206.00
160•00
47
29
38 .5
38.5
16 8.00
15 6.50
SYSTEMS ANALYSTS,
B U S I N E S S , C L A S S A ------- ------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------ ------------
64
41
39.0
39.0
271.50
259.50
75
51
38.5
39.0
15 3.00
150.50
S E C R E T A R I E S , C L A S S B --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------- -------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -----------------
291
116
175
30
3 8 .5
39.0
38 .5
3 9 .0
138.50
140.50
137.00
15 7.00
S E C R E T A R I E S , C L A S S C ------- -------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------- —
N U N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -----------------
440
38.0
38.0
38.5
3 9 .5
12 5.00
138.00
121.00
140.50
S E C R E T A R I E S , C L A S S 0 ---- — -------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------- — ---------N U N M A N U F A C T U R 1 N G ------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S --------------- -
397
94
303
36
3 8 .5
3 8 .5
38.5
4 0 .0
117.50
127.00 COMPUTER PRCGRAMERS,
115.00
B U S I N E S S , C L A S S A -------------------145.00
N U N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------- -—
, g e n e r a l --------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------- ----------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------ — --------
42 9
31 8
125
3 8 .5
3 8 .0
3 9 .0
11 2.50 C O M P U T E R P R U G RAMERS,
113.50
B U S I N E S S , C L A S S B --------- -----------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------- .------------139.00
N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------
34
129
33
9b
39.0
38 . 5
39.5
CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------- --N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------
384
99
483
38.5 133.50
37.5 152.50
38.5 129.50
CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------N U N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----- ---P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -------
771
133
b 3b
3 8 . 5 1 0 8 .50
38.0 118.50
38.5 106.50
39.0 127.00
98.50
102.00
97.00
48
38.0
38.0
107.00
107.00
22 4
205
38.0
38.0
86.00
85.00
145
38.0
37.5
87.00
86.00
12b
39.5
39.0
39 .5
S E C R E T A R I E S , C L A S S A --------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------
BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS,
C L A S S B ------- --------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------- •-----N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------- -—
C L E R K S , F I L E , C L A S S C --------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------- ----
58
2e
32
38.5 116.50
38.0 120.50
38.5 113.00
61
107.00
BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS,
CLERKS, FILE, CLASS B
NONMANUFACTURING —
C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R S , C L A S S A --------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------
126.50
131.50
123.50
14 7.00
secretaries
30
47
90.50
101.00
88.00
96.00
38.5
38.5
3 8 .5
3 9 .5
37.5
stenographers
108
332
60
NONMANUFACTURING
C L E R K S , P A Y R O L L ------ ---------- -------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --- --------- --- •------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------ ------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S --------------- —
C O M P T O M E T E R O P E R A T O R S ----M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------N O N M A N U F A C T U R 1 N G --------
25 0
94
156
105
39
66
29
136
56
80
39.5 133.50
39.0 147.00
40.0 125.50
38.5
38.5
38.5
39.0
38.0
37. 5
38.5
125.00
118.50
128.50
158.00
98.50
102.00
96. 00
K E Y P U N C H O P E R A T O R S , C L A S S A --------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----- -----------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------- *----------
262
53
20 9
39.0 110.50
39.0 123.00
39.0 107.50
K E Y P U N C H O P E R A T O R S , C L A S S B --------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------ — ------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------- ---------
40 7
38.5
39.0
38.0
38.5
See footnote at end of tables,
88
319
129
105.00
109.00
104.00
119.00
490
88
402
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL
OCCUPATIONS
N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------S T E N O G R A P H E R S , S E N I O R ---------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------ — -------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------
262
198
39.0
3 9 .0
3 9 .0
121.50
13 5.50 C O M P U T E R PRUG R A M E R S ,
B U S I N E S S , C L A S S C --------------------11 7.00
, class a — N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------- ------
59
37
3 9 .0
39.0
115.50
119.50 COMPU T E R
S M I T C H B O A R O O P E R A T O R S , C L A S S B ----N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------
90
84
3 9 .0
39.5
96.50
95.50
SHITCHBOARO UPERATOR— RECEPT10NISTS—
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------- >------- -—
N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------
225
159
3 9 .5
39.0
3 9 .5
101.50
108.50
99.00
C OMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS,
B U S I N E S S , C L A S S B --------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----- -------------—
106
27
79
38.0
39.0
38.0
237.50
27 0.00
226.50
TRANSCRIBING— MACHINE OPERATORS,
G E N E R A L — -------- -----------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------
105
67
39.0
3 9 .0
111.00
U R A F T S M t N , C L A S S A ----------- --------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------- --------------
94
86
39.5
39.5
19 7.00
19 9.00
DRAFTSMEN,
T Y P I S T S , C L A S S A ----------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------
185
33
152
38.5
39.0
38.0
1G1.50
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------lOo.OO
1 0 0 . 5 0 D R A F T S M E N , C L A S S C -------------- ------
95
86
3 9 .5
3 9 .5
179.00
178.50
64
36
40.0
39.5
14 3.50
14 8.50
58
47
38.9
39.0
161.50
162.00
64
N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------C L E R K S , O R O E R ------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---
$
38.0
38.0
38 .0
3 9 .0
1, 39 3
527
86 6
134
37
189
T Y P I S T S , C L A S S 8 -------------------- ■—
M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------- --------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ----------------
------ ---------------- •------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------N U N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S --- -- -----------
B I L L E R S , MACHINE ( B OOKKEEPI NG
MA CH IN E) -------------- ----------------------------
Weekly
earning, *
(standard)
OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - CONTINUED
OCCUPATIONS - CONTINUED
M E S S E N G E R S ( O F F I C E B O Y S A N D G I R L S FN G N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------- ■--------
Occupation and industry division
l o . 00
89.50
27
C L E R K S , F I LE, C L A S S A
NONMANUFACTURING —
Weekly
eamings 1
(standard)
3 7 .5
37.5
$
39.0 122.00
27
Weekly
hours 1
[standard)
115
105
BILLERS, MACHINE (BILLING
M A C H I N E ! ----- r-,------------
MANUFACTURING — — ------ -------- — •
Number
of
shitchboaro
operators
66
105.50
CLASS
8 ---------------------
M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- -—
N U R S E S , I N D U S T R I A L ( R E G I S T E R E D ) --M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------
12
T a b le A -4 .
M a in te n a n c e and p o w e rp la n t o ccu p atio n s
(A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly ea rn in gs fo r s e le c te d occu pation s studied on an a re a b a s is by in d u stry d iv is io n , R ich m on d , V a ., M a rc h 1972)
Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of—
Hourly earnings3
Sex, occupation, and industry division
*
*
1
*
i
i
S
*
$
t
$
$
2 .1 0 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0
Number
of
workers
Mean 2
M edian2
Middle range 2
i
*
*
$
*
»
i
*
*
*
3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 . 40 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0
s
and
2 .1 0 under
2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0
4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 . 60 4 .8 0
5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0
MEN
47
27
$
4.63
4.54
$
4.67
4.59
$
4.52 4.53 -
$
5.07
4.75
M A I N T E N A N C E --------------------------------------- -----------
2ol
22 7
4.76
4.72
4.77
4.75
4.09 4.66 -
5.03
5.01
E NG I N E E R S , S TA TI ON ARY ------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------
72
62
4.31
4.32
4.51
4.52
4.01 4.03 -
4.03
4.61
F IR E ME N, S TA TI ON ARY B OI LE R -------------MANUFAC T O R I N O -------------------------- ----------
42
34
3.59
4.03
3.95
3.98
3.28 3.80 -
4.53
4.54
*8
~
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
H E LP ER S , MAINTENANCE TRAOES -----------N U N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -------------------------
117
3.61
3.16
5.10
2.05 2 .57 2 .99 -
5.11
5.14
5.15
11
10
3
2
1
1
1
2
-
1
1
-
11
11
1
-
1
1
62
3.60
3 .60
4.03
M A C H I N I S T S , MAINTENANCE --------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------
25 4
251
4.84
4.64
4.94
4.94
4.72 4.72 -
4.99
4.99
_
_
_
-
_
-
_
a
74
36 4
289
4.55
4.05
4.65
4.81
4.61
4.25
4.66
5.45
3.77 3.4 7 3.82 3.87 -
5.52
4.56
5.53
5.54
MEC HA NI CS, MAINTENANCE — -----------------MANUFACTURING — ---------------------------------
599
555
4.54
4.55
4.68
4.68
4.35 4.38 -
4.78
4.77
P A I N T E R S , MAINTENANCE ------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------
64
49
4.17
4.37
4.35
4.52
3.96 4.23 -
4.55
4.5o
P I P E F 1 T I E R S , M A I N T E N A N C E --------- ---------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------
138
137
4.69
4.69
4.73
4.73
4.66 4.60-
4.77
4.77
55
55
4.73
4.73
4.74
4.74
4.67 4.67 -
4.79
4.79
C AR PE NT ERS , MAINTENANCE --------------------MANUFAC r U K l N O ------------------------------------ELEC f K1C 1A NS,
m anufactur ing
MECHA NI CS, AUTUMOTIVE
( MAI N T t N A N C E 1 ----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------NUNMANUFACTURING -----------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -------------------------
SHE ET -ME TAL WORKERS, MAINTENANCE MANUFACTURI NG ----- ------------------------------- *
as
43
~
_
_
6
_
“
_
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
2
2
13
13
10
_
_
12
12
9
9
3
-
3
3
9
37
36
3
3
119
117
6
3
88
63
4
i
-
_
-
6
6
17
15
l
1
20
20
16
15
_
1
-
-
1
12
12
-
_
-
-
-
-
1
1
13
-
13
*
12
-
“
15
*
4
4
4
9
9
9
35
4
35
24
31
11
11
6
10
27
2
-
2
1
5
1
l
3
3
_
_
~
1
1
5
4
4
-
6
6
2
2
-
_
_
-
“
7
7
7
7
7
6
_
-
_
_
_
_
4
_
_
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
_
_
1
* Workers were distributed as follows: 3 at $1.60 to $1.70; 3 at $1.70 to $1.80; and 2 at $1.90 to $2.
See fo o tn o tes at end o f ta b le s .
-
-
_
-
1
1
-
-
_
_
-
-
_
—
_
_
1
1
_
-
2
1
1
-
1
1
_
3
1
-
“
11
10
6
40
66
30
5
4
62
42
296
287
88
76
22
“
-
-
32
32
32
-
-
-
-
53
2
2
-
-
55
114
113
55
”
~
_
3
-
3
20
19
22
7
7
20
17
4
3
91
84
24
24
1
1
3
2
6
3
5
ii
9
30
1
30
“
1
1
13
13
-
113
112
7
7
-
35
35
15
15
22
3
-
“
44
7
*
48
14
34
16
22
—
1
54
_
158
_
— 158
~ 158
-
-
*
_
“
-
-
-
-
11
11
-
-
-
6
7
7
-
-
-
—
*
6
—
21
13
T a b le A -5 .
C u sto d ial and m aterial m o v em e n t occu p atio n s
(A v e r a g e s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s fo r s e le c te d occu pation s studied on an a re a b a sis b y in d u stry d iv is io n , R ich m on d, V a ., M a rc h 1972)
N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly earnings o f—
Hourly earnings^
s
1 .7 0
*
1.8 0
*
1 .9 0
$
i
2 .0 0 2 .1 0
*
2 .2 0
1.7 0
1.8 0
1 .9 0
2 .0 0
2. 10 2 .2 0
*
1.60
Middle range 2
*
S
2 .4 0 2 .5 0
$
t
$
2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0
2 .3 0 2 .4 0
2 .5 0
2 .6 0
2 .7 0
2 .8 0
2 .3 0
*
4 .2 0
t
»
4 .4 0 4 .6 0
>20 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 ,0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0
4 .6 0 o v e r
$
*
*
i
*
*
*
2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0
and
under
G U A R O S A N D W A T C H M E N --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------N U N M A N U F A C T . U R I N G ---------- ----
712
178
534
$
2 .3 3
3 .0 5
2 .0 9
$
1 .7 9
3 .4 2
1 .7 7
$
$
1 .7 4 - 3 .1 1
2 . 3 4 - 3 .4 8
1 .7 4 - 2 .1 3
15
9
6
370
21
349
19
9
10
14
14
15
15
GUAROS
M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------
47
3 .6 3
3 .7 4
3 . 0 9 - 4 .3 2
-
-
-
-
-
27
4
23
4
1
3
4
2
2
3
2
1
5
1
4
5
4
i
10
4
6
2
1
-
-
i
-
3
o
Mean 2 Median2
rvj
Sex, occupation, and industry division
3 ■04
2
—
2
1
1
“
-
-
46
12
34
7
2
5
8
-
2
—
-
102
79
23
21
8
13
16
2
14
8
2
6
17
14
3
1
1
“
~
5
8
2
2
14
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
_
—
~
—
-
_
_
WATCHMEN
------------ *------
131
2 .8 4
3 .4 1
1 .8 3 - 3 .4 6
9
21
9
-
2
-
2
2
4
1
-
1
4
JANlTuRSt PORTERS. AND CLEANERS
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------P U B L I C U T L L I T i E S ------------
1 ,5 4 7
448
1 ,0 9 9
64
2 .2 0
2 .7 8
1.9 6
2 .9 9
2 .0 2
2 .7 7
1 .7 9
2 .9 1
1 .7 1 2 .3 7 1 .6 8 2 .6 2 -
2 .5 8
3 .4 2
2 .1 3
3 .3 8
348
2
346
265
42
223
-
96
9
87
-
43
14
29
-
135
12
123
2
70
14
56
3
64
9
55
-
27
15
12
-
55
26
29
2
70
39
31
8
40
23
17
7
46
27
19
23
6
17
10
8
1
7
4
52
29
23
11
50
47
3
2
133
133
-
L A B O R E R S , M A T E R I A L H A N O L I N G ----M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------- ---N G n M A N U F A C I O K 1 N G --------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -------- ----
1,041
480
5ol
191
2 .7 2
2 .8 3
2 .6 2
3 .0 9
2*68
2. 73
2 .6 3
3 .1 7
2 .2 7 2 .5 3 2 .1 7 2 .6 7 -
3 .1 5
3 .4 5
3 .0 9
3 .3 8
6
6
“
36
1
35
21
4
17
-
13
5
8
“
74
15
59
40
11
29
“
106
26
80
22
44
38
6
“
12
12
64
46
18
*
139
73
66
40
116
50
66
i
43
30
13
6
6
2
4
4
75
43
32
30
59
8
51
50
366
114
2 .9 6
3 .1 0
2 .8 2
2 . 81
2 . 6 2 - 3 .3 3
2 . 7 0 - 3 .9 1
“
-
-
1
1
30
“
2
2
3
3
_
-
11
1
37
7
32
15
50
28
80
7
18
1
9
9
PACKERS, SHIPPING
M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------
ZOQ
178
3 .1 9
3 .2 1
3 .4 9
3 .4 3
2 . 7 6 - 3 .7 2
2 . 8 0 - 3 .7 1
RECEIVING CLERKS
134
78
5o
3 .3 3
3 .6 9
2 .8 2
3 .3 5
3 .6 6
2 . o9
2 . 8 4 - 3 .6 8
3 . 6 0 - 3 .9 3
2 . 6 3 - 3 .1 2
-
S H I P P I N G C L E R K S -----------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------
29
28
3 .4 7
3 .4 7
3 .5 2
3 .5 3
3 . 3 3 - 3 .8 6
3 . 3 3 - 3 .8 7
-
S H I P P I N G A N O R E C E I V I N G C L E R K S -----M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------N U N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------- --------
106
45
61
3 .4 5
3 .2 1
3 .6 Z
3 .5 3
3 .0 9
3 .7 2
3 . 1 1 - 3 .7 8
2 . 6 4 - 3 .9 4
3 . 4 2 - 3 .7 8
-
3 .3 9
3 .1 3
3 .4 6
3 .6 1
3 .0 9
3 .2 4
3 .0 0
3 .6 1
2 .4 6 2 .6 3 2 .4 1 2 .3 8 -
4 .1 6
3.t>3
4 .2 7
5 .4 1
10
—
10
*
_
-
U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------
2, 113
431
1 ,682
1 ,0 1 9
T RU CK URI VE RS , L IGHT ( UN UER
1 - 1 / 2 T U N S ) -------------------------------------------NUNMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------
111
105
2 .4 8
2 .4 5
2 .5 3
2 .5 3
2 . 2 4 - 2 .7 5
2 . 2 4 - 2 .7 4
10
10
_
261
124
13/
2 .8 2
2 .7 5
2 .4 6
2 .6 9
2 .3 d
2 . 2 5 - 3 .1 8
E .1 8 - 3 .3 2
2 . 2 7 - 3 .0 3
1
_
-
-
^.a b
~
~
1
~
4 .0 0
3 .4 9
4 . Ud
4 .0 o
4 . 10
3 .7 4
4 .2 3
3 . 6d
2 . 8 0 - 3 .4 0
2 .9 7 - 3 .9 4
2 . 6 9 - 5 .4 1
2 . 6 7 - 5 .4 4
-
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
~
m a n u f a c t u r i n g
UROER
FIL LE RS —
MANUFACTURING —
-------------N U N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------manufacturing
TRUCKORIVERS
------------
M A N U F A C T U R I N G --NUNMANUFACTURING
PU B LI C
T RU CK U RI V ER S, MEUIUM 1 1 - 1 / 2 TO
ANO I N C L U D I N G 4 T U NS ) ---------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------
N U N M A N U F A C T U R I N g ------------------T RU CK URI VE RS ,
HEAVY
( OVER
4
UTILITIES
----------------------------
d ub
llu
758
4d!>
* Workers were distributed as follows:
** A ll workers were at $ 5. 40 to $ 5. 60.
See footn otes at end o f ta b les.
-
74
-
9
9
9
12
12
5
1
1
1
_
-
110
110
-
14
12
2
2
63
63
36
-
-
3
3
3
3
3
3
84
31
"
-
_
_
5
i
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
8
4
8
8
9
8
1
1
9
9
11
11
19
19
10
10
7
7
7
7
20
20
8o
68
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
3
3
i
1
_
—
—
2
—
2
25
25
2
2
2
2
6
—
6
18
8
10
10
2
4
4
6
6
-
-
-
12
12
-
_
-
8
39
38
1
-
-
4
-
-
_
-
3
3
3
_
_
5
4
5
5
4
4
_
-
9
9
_
-
-
-
-
2
2
-
“
6
6
-
12
2
10
4
3
28
1
27
4
4
-
1
—
1
9
2
7
6
6
-
1
—
1
17
5
12
33
44
21
23
“
74
20
54
2
96
91
5
53
46
7
227
40
187
183
50
46
4
-
3
1
2
-
-
-
-
_
3
-
—
_
-
3
3
~
2
2
_
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
~
_
5
5
~
-
-
_
2
2
“
2
2
~
4
2
2
“
51
42
9
82
7
75
42
332
19
313
262
74
9
65
“
92
23
69
“
239
24
215
180
9
24
8
41
12
29
~
4
4
17
14
15
15
1
1
7
7
15
15
16
16
3
6
6
4
4
39
39
49
9
6
2
4
8
8
9
1
8
14
9
5
6
3
3
19
11
8
17
17
49
37
14
23
-
~
1
1
12
1
11
5
3
2
11
180
2
2
180
180
-
7
2
5
19
18
1
3
i
2
6
11
4
4
-
9
4
4
3
_
3
101
21
80
40
116
1
115
2
2
-
1
88 *3 0 2
—
88
-
302
302
_
“*
21
14
7
4
*
6
2
4
1
1
12
12
60
20
40
**1 6
1
1
-
-
16
TUNS,
T R A I L E R T Y P E ) ----------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------nu n m A(vuf ac Tu r i n g ------------------------—
PuoLIC
-
-
'
~
12 at $ 4. 80 to $ 5; and 290 at $ 5. 40 to $ 5. 60.
'
6
6
"
~
“
3
4
3
2
“
128
37
91
87
-
115
—
115
80 ***2 1 8
-
80
—
218
218
14
T a b le A -5 .
C u sto d ial and m a te ria l m o vem en t o c c u p a tio n s -----C ontin u ed
(Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Richmond, Va., March 1972)
Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of—
*
$
t
*
t
*
*
»
*
*
Hourly earnings3
Sex,
occupation, and industry division
Number
of
workers
Mean 2
Median2
Middle range 2
*
*
*
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.70
1.80
-
-
*
1
1.90
2.00
2.10
2.20
2.30
2.40
2.50
2.60
.70
2.80
2.90
3.00
3.20
3 .40
*
3.60
*
3.80
*
4.00
4.20
*
4.40
4.60
1.90
2.00
2 . 10 2 . 2 0
2.30
2.40
2.50
2.60
2.70
.80
2.90
3.00
3.20
3.40
3 .60
3.80
4.00
4.20
4.40
4.60
over
-
-
2
4
2
3
16
9
9
6
2
2
41
40
70
-
4
-
96
96
-
—
-
6
5
-
-
-
-
-
8
8
*5t>
56
56
25
Id
7
74
25
49
48
23
25
65
23
42
5
4
i
122
113
9
64
55
9
46
28
18
-
2
1
1
2
2
5
4
i
17
17
-
8
6
2
4
4
-
-
-
-
*
and
under
i
and
MEN - CONTINUED
TRUCKORIVERS
- CONTINUED
T R U C K O R I V E R S . H E A V Y ( O V E R 9 TONS.
O T H E R T H A N T R A I L E R T Y P E ) -------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S --------------- -
3 2b
217
152
3.96
4.31
$
3.55
3.71
3.76
$
5.08 3.09 3.68 -
$
3.76
5.40
5.43
TRUCKERS. PURER (FORKLIFT)
M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------NUNMANUFACTURING —
585
40 0
179
3.10
3.12
3.04
3.02
3.09
2 . 9o
2.75 2.66 2.84 -
3.57
3.58
3.17
JANlIuRS, PORTERS. AND CLEANERS —
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N U N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------
769
70
69 9
1.89
2.64
l . 82
1. 78
2.48
1.70
1.682.11 l.t>7-
1.95
3 . 3*r
1.89
249
2
247
178
2
176
P A C K E R S . S H I P P I N G ---------MANUFACTURING
151
IU6
2.63
2.70
2.43
2 . 10
2.05 2 .05 -
3.62
3.63
-
-
* A ll workers were at $ 5. 40 to $ 5. 60.
See footnotes at end of tables.
$
J.64
-
-
-
-
i
-
2
-
13
11
2
3
28
25
3
30
27
3
43
43
2
11
7
4
4
i
122
4
119
55
2
53
39
8
41
25
6
19
18
4
14
7
3
4
8
7
1
7
1
6
7
2
t>
15
2
13
_
5
55
55
-
-
_
20
10
L0
1
1
1
1
_
-
-
-
i
7
-
39
39
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
-
-
1
-
-
15
B.
E s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c tic e s a n d s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p ro v is io n s
T a b le
B -1 .
M in im u m
e n tra n c e
s a la rie s fo r w o m e n
o ffic e w o rk e r s
(Distribution of establishments studied in all industries and in industry divisions by minimum entrance salary for selected categories
of inexperienced women officeworkers, Richmond, Va., March 1972)
Inexperienced typists
Manufacturing
Minimum weekly straight-time sa la ry4
- —
150
57
37
15
40
XXX
9
1
1
1
2
1
5
2
6
Manufacturing
Based on standard weekly hours 6 of—
A ll
industries
A ll
schedules
Establishments studied- -
Other inexperienced clerical workers
Nonmanufacturing
1
37\
40
93
XXX
XXX
22
8
1
1
2
1
1
1
4
5
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
i
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
5
2
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
86
38
1
All
schedules
150
57
XXX
93
XXX
48
18
30
9
1
1
1
2
1
1
-
12
1
1
6
1
1
1
2
5
5
4
2
4
2
2
2
1
6
1
1
1
1
40
1
1
4
1
Based on standard weekly hours 6 of—
All
schedules
1
$ 120.00 and under $ 125.00------- — ---------------------------
27
9
1
1
2
A ll
industries
A ll
schedules
1
1
23
S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s .
48
XXX
XXX
37l/2
1
1
6
2
3
4
1
4
6
3
2
4
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
1
i
i
1
39
ii
63
28
XXX
16
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
28
XXX
40
_
1
Establishments which did not employ workers
XXX
Nonmanufacturing
35
1
1
XXX
XXX
XXX
T a b le B -2 .
S h ift d iffe re n tia ls
(L ,a t e - s h ift p ay p r o v is io n s f o r
R ic h m o n d , V a ., M a r c h 1972)
m a n u fa c tu rin g p la n tw o r k e r s b y ty p e and am ou nt of pay d i f f e r e n t ia l,
^ A ll^ la n tw o r k e r s _ in ^ n a n u fa c tu r in g ^ J iO O _ p e r c e n t)^ _ ^ ^ ^ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ^ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ^ _ ^ ^ ^ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ^
Percent of manufacturing plantworkers—
In establishments having provisions 7
for late shifts
Late-shift pay provision
Second shift
T o t a l---
----
---
___ _ ______ ________
No pay differential for work on late shift______
Pay differential for work on late shift-—
__
72.8
0.2
Third or other
shift
65.8
-
Actually working on late shifts
Second shift
17.1
( 8)
Third or other
shift
9.4
-
72.6
65.8
17.1
9-4
Uniform cents (per hour)________________
40.9
38.6
9.1
6.1
5 cents---- -----------------------------------6 cents____________ ___ _______________
7 cents________________________________
8 cents - _________________________ ___
10 cents________________ _____________
12 cents__________ __
______________
14 cents------------------------------------ __
15 cents--------- --------------------------18 cents_________________ ___________
__________________
20 cents- ___ __
23 cents_______________________________
25 cents_____ _______________________
2 6 cents. _ ___________________________
____ _____
30 cents.. _____________
45 cents_______________________________
.8
1.4
4.8
6.9
20.6
3.8
.7
2.0
-
.8
1.5
1.4
3.1
3.1
5.4
9-7
.8
7.0
2.3
1.5
.2
.5
1.2
1.6
4.7
.4
.1
.1
.1
.5
.2
.5
.8
2.0
1.8
-
Type and amount of differential:
Uniform percentage_____________________
3 percent ____________ ______________
5 percent____________ „____ __________
8 percent________________ ___________
10 percent____________________________
15 percent— ______ — _________ __
S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s .
-
-
.1
2.0
.4
-
( 8)
31.6
27-2
8.0
3.4
.5
1.5
18.8
10.7
.5
1.5
~
23.8
1.4
.1
5.3
2.5
.1
3.2
.1
-
-
17
T a b le B - 3 .
S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u rs and d ay s
(Percent distribution of plantworkers and officeworkers in a ll industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hours and days
of first-sh ift w ork ers, Richmond, Va., March 1972)
Officeworkers
Plantworkers
Weekly hours and days
A ll industries
A ll w ork ers_______________________________
V2 hours— 5 days____________________________
35 hours— 5 days______ ________________________
36 hours— 5 days______________________________
36 7 4 hours— 5 days____________________________
3 7 V2 hours— 5 days____________________________
38 hours— 5 days______________________________
38]fz hours— 5 days____________________________
383/, hours— 5 days____________________________
40 hours________________________________________
4 days_______________________________________
5 days_______________________________________
6 days___________________ ____________________
42 hours— 5 days______________________________
4 2 V2 hours— 5 days____________________________
44 hours— 5 days______________________________
45 hours________________________________________
5 days_______________________________________
5 V2 days----------------------------------------------6 days_______________________________________
4 7 V2 hours— 5 days-----------------------------------48 hours— 6 days--------------------------------------50 hours---------------- ---------------------------------5 days-------------------------------------------------5‘/2 days_____________________________________
100
Manufacturing
Public utilities
10 0
10 0
3 2
See fo o tn o te at end o f t a b le s .
3
8
68
1
67
1
7
2
1
4
3
1
1
1
5
1
1
(’ )
10
70
70
14
-
2
2
(9)
1
2
1
1
88
88
A ll industries
100
(9)
8
Manufacturing
Public utilities
10 0
100
(9)
1
-
9
31
(’ )
5
8
37
37
23
31
37
37
-
12
12
-
-
1
(9)
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
2
49
49
7
C)
-
18
T a b le B - 4 .
P a id h o lid a y s
(Percent distribution of plantworkers and officeworkers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays
provided annually, Richmond, Va., March 1972)
Plantworkers
Item
A ll industries
A ll w ork ers---------------------------------------Workers in establishments providing
paid holidays__________________________________
Workers in establishments providing
no paid holidays---------------------------------------
10 0
96
4
O fficeworkers
Manufacturing
Public utilities
A ll industries
Manufacturing
Public utilities
10 0
10 0
10 0
10 0
100
10 0
97
99
10 0
100
-
3
?)
(’ )
(9 )
Number of days
Less than 4 holidays — — —
---- ------ 4 holidays- ------- — ------ ------ ---- 5 holidays--------------------—--------------------------6 holidays------------------------------------------------6 holidays plus 1 or 2 half days-------------------7 holidays - — _____ __ —— —
7 holidays plus 1 half day __ _______ ___ 8 holidays——--------------------------------------------8 holidays plus 1 half day-------- —----------------8 holidays plus 2 half days_____________________
9 holidays—_-__________________ ________ _____
10 holidays
- -11 holidays_ — — ,
___ ___ ____
12 holidays---—
- ----— — -
3
5
2
23
1
18
14
(9)
30
1
2
-
2
-
1
24
2
46
25
9
1
-
25
9
1
49
1
-
1
31
31
45
45
63
63
86
89
93
93
94
95
96
1
51
51
60
60
86
86
95
96
98
98
98
98
100
-
-
-
1
22
1
n
n
<9)
10
C)
8
1
22
(!)
(’ )
34
6
2
3
15
36
1
2
27
7
*
3
4
10
44
45
66
67
75
77
98
98
98
98
98
98
99
7
36
38
74
74
89
89
99
99
99
99
99
99
100
-
6
6
72
16
-
-
Total holiday time 10
12 days--------------------- ----------------------------- ---- - ------ --11 days or m ore- _____
10 days or m o re ---------------------------------------9 days or m ore-----------------------------------------8 V2 days or m ore----------------------------------8 days or m ore___________ — ___ _________
7V2 days or m ore—— — ___— — —— — — __— —
7 days or m ore— ___ ___ -—
__ __ —
6 V2 days or m ore______ ___ _______________
6 days or m ore-_— — ———_— ——— ___ — __ _
S H a y s or m ore_________________________________
4 days or m ore___ _______________________ ___
3 days or m ore____ ____ _______ — ________
2V2 days or m ore____________ ______-_____ _____
2 days or m ore------------------ ------- ------------1 day or m o re -------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of tables.
-
25
25
71
71
74
74
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
-
-
16
16
88
88
94
94
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
19
T a b le B -5 .
P a id v a c a tio n s
( P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f p la n tw o r k e r s and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s tr ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s by v a c a tio n p a y p r o v is io n s , R ic h m o n d , V a . , M a r c h 1972)
Plantworkers
Vacation policy
A ll w orkers---------------------------------------
Officeworkers
A ll industries
Manufacturing
Public utilities
A ll industries
Manufacturing
Public utilities
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
1
100
99
1
100
98
-
99
99
100
99
(9)
100
100
-
Method of payment
Workers in establishments providing
paid vacations---------------------------------------Length-of-tim e payment-----------------------Percentage payment-----------------------------Workers in establishments providing
no paid vacations------------------------------------
n
(9)
-
-
(9)
-
-
7
25
-
7
31
-
21
5
-
9
57
9
2
80
2
48
3
-
62
2
35
_
49
3
48
_
81
8
11
-
-
-
-
27
(9)
68
6
H
15
1
83
_
(9)
94
6
-
32
4
61
1
2
30
8
58
23
69
8
-
4
(9)
84
6
6
6
1
65
28
4
96
1 week----------------------------------------------------2 weeks — ----------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 w eeks-------------------------3 weeks ---------------------------------------------------
7
89
1
3
7
87
(9)
86
6
8
1
70
6
5
87
8
-
1
99
*
After 4 vears of service
1 week_________________________________________
2 weeks___________________ ____________________
Over 2 and under 3 weeks--------------------------3 weeks________________________________________
5
88
2
4
6
85
2
8
5
87
8
-
(9)
86
6
8
1
65
1
33
2
78
2
18
-
2
70
3
26
-
-
92
8
-
(9)
72
11
12
6
(9)
38
1
33
28
2
30
58
1
9
1
2
21
59
(9)
16
1
69
3
11
(9)
17
41
Amount of vacation pay 11
A fter 6 months of service
Under 1 week------------------------------------------1 week---------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks-------------------------A fter 1 year of service
1 week — ___________________________________
Over 1 and under 2 weeks-------------------------2 weeks_______________________________________
Over 2 and under 3 w eeks-------------------------3 weeks —-----------------------------------------------A fter 2 years of service
1 week---------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 weeks-------------------------2 weeks------ --------- ----------------- —__________
Over 2 and under 3 weeks-------------------------3 weeks---- ---------------------------------------------
-
4
-
-
After 3 years of service
-
-
30
1
99
-
-
After 5 years of service
1 week_________ -_______________________________
2 weeks --------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks--------------------------3 w eeks--------------------------------------------------4 weeks---------------------------------------------------
_
100
_
-
A fter 10 vears of service
1 week----------------------------------------------------2 weeks —------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 weeks_____________________
3 weeks--------------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 w eeks_____________________
4 weeks_______________________________________
Over 4 and under 5 weeks-------------------------See footnotes at end of tables.
-
16
2
16
76
8
-
-
4
96
-
-
42
~
-
"
20
T a b le
B -5 .
P a id
v a c a t i o n s ----- C o n t i n u e d
(P e r c e n t d is tr ib u tio n o f p la n t w o r k e r s and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s tr ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s b y v a c a tio n p a y p r o v is io n s , R ic h m o n d , V a . , M a r c h 1972)
Plantworkers
Vacation policy
A ll industries
Manufacturing
Officeworkers
Public utilities
A ll industries
Manufacturing
Public utilities
Amount of vacation pay11— Continued
A fter 12 years of service
1 week---------------------------------------------------2 w eeks-------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 w eeks-------------------------3 w eeks-------------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 w eeks-------------------------4 w eeks-------------------------------------------------Over 4 and under 5 w eeks____________________
2
19
61
16
2
_
9
77
8
6
-
(9)
15
1
70
3
11
-
(9)
15
43
42
-
4
96
_
_
-
2
20
44
1
31
2
2
14
32
3
48
2
_
3
66
23
8
(9)
8
68
5
19
-
(9)
8
28
1
63
-
1
95
4
-
2
20
24
(9)
47
1
5
1
2
14
26
1
46
9
2
3
6
83
8
-
(9)
8
26
1
53
3
9
-
(9)
8
18
32
42
-
1
4
96
-
2
19
21
33
1
23
1
2
12
19
30
35
2
_
3
6
60
8
23
-
(9)
8
25
44
3
20
*
(’ )
8
14
23
56
-
1
4
47
49
-
2
19
21
28
1
28
1
2
12
19
30
35
2
3
6
37
8
46
-
(9)
8
. 25
40
3
24
-
(9)
8
13
23
56
-
1
4
30
66
-
2
19
21
28
1
24
6
2
12
19
30
25
12
(9)
8
25
40
3
22
1
(9)
8
13
23
48
7
1
4
29
66
A fter 15 years of service
1 week_________________________________________
2 w eeks-------------------------------------------------3 weeks - ----------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 w eeks____________________
4 w eeks-------------------------------------------------Over 4 and under 5 w eeks--------------------------
_
2
28
59
1
10
1
_
A fter 20 years of service
1 week---------------------------------------------------2 w eeks-------------------------------------------------3 w eeks_______________________________________
Over 3 and under 4 w eeks-------------------------4 w eeks-------------------------------------------------Over 4 and under 5 w eeks-------------------------5 w eeks-------------------------------------------------6 weeks --------------------------------------------------
_
_
A fter 25 years of service
1 week---------------------------------------------------2 w eeks-------------------------------------------------3 w eek s-------------------------------------------------4 w eeks-------------------------------------------------Over 4 and under 5 w eeks-------------------------5 w eeks-------------------------------------------------6 weeks--------------------------------------------------
_
A fter 30 years of service
1 week_________________________________________
2 weeks-------------------------------------------------3 w eeks-------------------------------------------------4 w eeks-------------------------------------------------Over 4 and under 5 w eek s____________________
5 weeks_______________________________________
6 weeks-------------------------------------------------Maximum vacation available
1 week---------------------------------------------------2 w eeks-------------------------------------------------3 w eeks-------------------------------------------------4 w eeks-------------------------------------------------Over 4 and under 5 w eeks-------------------------5 w eeks-------------------------------------------------6 w eeks_______________________________________
See footnotes at end of tables.
_
3
6
37
8
46
_
T a b le B -6 .
H e a lt h , in s u ra n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s
(Percent of plantworkers and officeworkers in all industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing
health, insurance, or pension benefits, Richmond, Va., March 1972)
Plantworkers
Type of benefit and
financing12
AU industries
A ll w orkers______________________________
100
Workers in establishments providing at
least 1 of the benefits shown below ----------L ife insurance------------------------------------Noncontributory plans__________________
Accidental death and dismemberment
insurance-----------------------------------------Noncontributory plans----------------------Sickness and accident insurance or
sick leave or both13______________________
Manufacturing
Officeworker s
Public utilities
100
100
93
98
100
89
63
97
95
86
66
56
36
53
45
67
63
A ll industries
100
Manufacturing
Public utilities
100
100
99
99
100
99
66
99
85
99
77
72
42
71
33
78
77
78
87
85
82
82
83
Sickness and accident insurance--------Noncontributory plans------------------Sick leave (full pay and no
waiting period)------------------------------Sick leave (partial pay or
waiting period)-------------------------------
70
46
85
60
61
48
43
31
63
49
59
53
21
12
44
65
65
78
6
3
1
3
-
(’ )
Long-term disability insurance ------------Noncontributory plans__________________
Hospitalization insurance----------------------Noncontributory plans---------------------Surgical insurance-------------------------------Noncontributory plans----------------------Medical insurance-------------------------------Noncontributory plans---------------------Major medical insurance----------------------Noncontributory plans----------------------Dental insurance---------------------------------Noncontributory plans----------------------Retirement pension------------------------------Noncontributory plans-----------------------
14
16
26
26
95
62
95
62
46
35
95
56
95
55
92
54
92
50
3
(9)
46
a
98
52
52
99
64
99
64
99
64
99
S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f t a b le s .
11
87
58
87
58
83
55
68
36
1
1
75
66
13
95
83
95
83
92
80
67
50
-
80
74
88
55
88
61
15
15
79
55
86
98
83
98
81
82
69
66
88
1
1
88
77
82
77
58
-
22
F o o tn o te s
A l l o f th e s e
s ta n d a r d f o o t n o t e s m a y not a p p ly to th is b u ll e tin .
1 S t a n d a r d h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p a y f o r o v e r t i m e
at r e g u l a r an d/ o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , and the e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d to th e s e w e e k l y h o u r s .
2
T h e m e a n is c o m p u te d f o r e a c h j o b b y to t a l i n g the e a r n i n g s o f a l l w o r k e r s and d i v i d i n g b y the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s .
The m ed ian
d e s i g n a t e s p o s i t i o n — h a l f o f the
e m p l o y e e s s u r v e y e d r e c e i v e m o r e than the r a t e shown; h a l f r e c e i v e l e s s than the r a t e shown.
The m idd le
r a n g e is d e fi n e d b y 2 r a t e s o f p a y ; a f o u r th o f the w o r k e r s e a r n l e s s than the l o w e r o f t h e s e r a t e s and a f o u r th e a r n m o r e than the h i g h e r r a te .
3 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and l a t e s h ifts .
4
T h e s e s a l a r i e s r e l a t e to f o r m a l l y e s t a b l i s h e d m i n i m u m s t a r t i n g ( h i r i n g ) r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s that a r e p a id f o r sta n d a rd
workw eeks.
5 E x c l u d e s w o r k e r s in s u b c l e r i c a l j o b s such as m e s s e n g e r .
6 D ata a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l s ta n d a rd w o r k w e e k s c o m b i n e d , and f o r the m o s t c o m m o n s ta n d a rd w o r k w e e k s r e p o r t e d .
7
In c lu d e s a l l p l a n t w o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la t e s h i f t s , and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h o s e f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r la te
s h i f t s , e v e n though the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w e r e not c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la t e s hifts .
8
L e s s than 0.05 p e r c e n t .
9
L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t .
10 A l l c o m b i n a t i o n s o f f u l l and h a l f d ay s that add to the s a m e am ount a r e c o m b i n e d ; f o r e x a m p l e , the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g a
t o t a l o f 9 d ays in c l u d e s t h o s e w i t h 9 f u l l d a y s and no h a l f d a y s, 8 f u l l d ays and 2 h a l f d a y s , 7 f u l l days and 4 h a l f d a y s , and so on. P r o p o r t i o n s
th en w e r e c u m u la te d .
11 In c lu d e s p a y m e n t s o t h e r than " l e n g t h o f t i m e , " such as p e r c e n t a g e o f annual e a r n i n g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t s , c o n v e r t e d to an e q u i v a l e n t
t i m e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p l e , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d as 1 w e e k ' s pay. P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e c h o s e n a r b i t r a r i l y
and do not n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t the in d i v i d u a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n . F o r e x a m p l e , the chan ge s in p r o p o r t i o n s i n d i c a t e d at 10 y e a r s ' s e r v i c e
in c lu d e c h a n ge s in p r o v i s i o n s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . E s t i m a t e s a r e c u m u l a t i v e .
T h u s , the p r o p o r t i o n e l i g i b l e f o r 3 w e e k s ' p a y o r
m o r e a f t e r 10 y e a r s i n c lu d e s th o s e e l i g i b l e f o r 3 w e e k s ' p a y o r m o r e a f t e r f e w e r y e a r s o f s e r v i c e .
12 E s t i m a t e s l i s t e d a f t e r ty p e o f b e n e f i t a r e f o r a l l plans f o r w h i c h at l e a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p l o y e r . " N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y
p l a n s " in c lu d e o n l y th os e p lan s f i n a n c e d e n t i r e l y b y the e m p l o y e r . E x c l u d e d a r e l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d p la n s , such as w o r k m e n ' s c o m p e n s a t i o n , s o c i a l
s e c u r i t y , and r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t .
13 U n d u p lic a t e d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s ic k l e a v e o r s i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e sho wn s e p a r a t e l y b e l o w . S ic k l e a v e p lan s a r e
l i m i t e d to th o s e w h i c h d e f i n i t e l y e s t a b l i s h at l e a s t the m i n i m u m n u m b e r o f d a y s ' p a y that can b e e x p e c t e d b y e ach e m p l o y e e .
I n f o r m a l s ic k
l e a v e a l l o w a n c e s d e t e r m i n e d on an i n d i v i d u a l b a s i s a r e e xc lu d e d .
A p p e n d ix .
O c c u p a tio n a l D e s c rip tio n s
The prim ary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau's wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate
occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and
from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on
interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau's job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in
individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed
to exclude working supervisors; apprentices; learners; beginners; trainees: and handicapped, part-tim e, temporary, and probationary workers.
O F F I C E
CLERK, ACCOUNTING— Continued
B ILLER, MACHINE
Positions are classified into levels on the basis of the following definitions.
Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other
clerical work incidental to billing operations. F or wage study purposes, b ille rs, machine, are
classified by type of machine, as follows:
Class A . Under general supervision, perform s accounting clerical operations which
require the application of experience and judgment, for example, clerica lly processing com
plicated or nonrepetitive accounting transactions, selecting among a substantial variety of
prescribed accounting codes and classifications, or tracing transactions through previous
accounting actions to determine source of discrepancies. May be assisted by one or more
class B accounting clerks.
B iller, machine (billing machine). Uses a special billing machine (combination typing
and adding machine) to prepare bills and invoices from customers' purchase orders, inter
nally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of p re
determined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or
may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated
by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being
prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine.
B iller, machine (bookkeeping machine). Uses a bookkeeping machine (with or without
a typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers' bills as part of the accounts receivable opera
tion. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers' ledger record. The
machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes
and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowl
edge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips.
Class B . Under close supervision, following detailed instructions and standardized pro
cedures, perform s one or m ore routine accounting clerical operations, such as posting to
ledgers, cards, or worksheets where identification of items and locations of postings are
clearly indicated; checking accuracy and completeness of standardized and repetitive records
or accounting documents; and coding documents using a few prescribed accounting codes.
CLERK, FILE
F iles, classifies, and retrieves m aterial in an established filing system. May perform
clerical and manual tasks required to maintain files. Positions are classified into levels on the
basis of the following definitions.
Class A . Classifies and indexes file m aterial such as correspondence, reports, tech
nical documents, etc., in an established filing system containing a number o f varied subject
matter files. May also file this m aterial. May keep records of various types in conjunction
with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks.
BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR
Operates a bookkeeping machine (with or without a typew riter keyboard) to keep a record
of business transactions.
Class B . Sorts, codes, and files
ings or partly classified m aterial by
cross-referen ce aids. As requested,
wards m aterial. May perform related
Class A. Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic
bookkeeping principles, and fam iliarity with the structure of the particular accounting system
used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each
phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records
by hand.
Class B. Keeps a record of one or m ore phases or sections of a set of records usually
requiring little knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable,
payroll, customers' accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller,
machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, inventory control, etc. May check or assist
in preparation of tria l balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.
CLERK, ACCOUNTING
Perform s one or m ore accounting clerical tasks such as posting to registers and ledgers;
reconciling bank accounts; verifying the internal consistency, completeness, and mathematical
accuracy of accounting documents; assigning prescribed accounting distribution codes; examining
and verifying for clerical accuracy various types of reports, lists, calculations, posting, etc.;
or preparing simple or assisting in preparing more complicated journal vouchers. May work
in either a manual or automated accounting system.
The work requires a knowledge of clerical methods and office practices and procedures
which relates to the clerical processing and recording of transactions and accounting information.
With experience, the worker typically becomes fam iliar with the bookkeeping and accounting terms
and procedures used in the assigned work, but is not required to have a knowledge of the formal
principles of bookkeeping and accounting.
unclassified m aterial by simple (subject matter) head
finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and
locates clearly identified m aterial in files and fo r
clerica l tasks required to maintain and service files.
Class C . Perform s routine filing of m aterial that has already been classified or which
is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g., alphabetical, chronological,
or numerical). As requested, locates readily available m aterial in files and forwards ma
terial; and may fill out withdrawal charge. May perform simple clerical and manual tasks
required to maintain and service files.
CLERK, ORDER
Receives customers' orders for m aterial or merchandise by m ail, phone, or personally.
Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order
sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order
sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit
department to determine credit rating o( customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers,
follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping
invoices with original orders.
CLERK, PA Y R O L L
Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary data on the payroll
sheets. Duties involve: Calculating w orkers' earnings based on time or production records; and
posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as w orker's name, working
days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and
assist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine.
NOTE: The Bureau has discontinued collecting data for oilers and plumbers.
23
24
COMPTOMETER OPERATOR
SECRETARY— Continued
P rim a ry duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathematical computations. This
job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk, which may involve fr e
quent use of a Comptometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of
other duties.
N O TE: The term "corporate officer, " used in the level definitions following, refers to
those officials who have a significant corporate-wide policymaking role with regard to m ajor
company activities. The title "vice president," though normally indicative of this role, does not
in all cases identify such positions. Vice presidents whose prim ary responsibility is to act p er
sonally on individual cases or transactions (e.g., approve or deny individual loan or credit actions;
administer individual trust accounts; directly supervise a clerica l staff) are not considered to be
"corporate o ffice rs" for purposes of applying the following level definitions.
KEYPUNCH OPERATOR
Operates a keypunch machine to record or verify alphabetic and/or numeric data on
tabulating cards or on tape.
Class A . Work requires the application of experience and judgment in selecting proce
dures to be followed and in searching for, interpreting, selecting, or coding items to be
keypunched from a variety of source documents. On occasion may also perform some routine
keypunch work. May train inexperienced keypunch operators.
Class B . Work is routine and repetitive. Under close supervision or following specific
procedures or instructions, works from various standardized source documents which have
been coded, and follows specified procedures which have been prescribed in detail and require
little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be recorded. Refers to supervisor
problems arising from erroneous items or codes or missing information.
Perform s various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office m a
chines such as sealers or m ailers, opening and distributing m ail, and other minor clerica l work.
Exclude positions that require operation of a motor vehicle as a significant duty.
SECRETARY
Assigned as personal secretary, norm ally to one individual. Maintains a close and highly
responsive relationship to the day-to-day work of the supervisor. Works fa irly independently r e
ceiving a minimum of detailed supervision and guidance. Perform s varied clerica l and secretarial
duties, usually including most of the following:
a. Receives telephone calls, personal callers, and incoming m ail, answers routine in
quiries, and routes technical inquiries to the proper persons;
b.
Establishes, maintains, and revises the supervisor's files;
c.
Maintains the supervisor's calendar and makes appointments as instructed;
d.
Relays m essages from supervisor to subordinates;
e. Reviews correspondence, memorandums, and reports prepared by others for the
supervisor's signature to assure procedural and typographic accuracy;
3. Secretary to the head, immediately below the corporate officer level, of a m ajor
segment or subsidiary of a company that employs, in all, over 25,000 persons.
Class B
1. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that employs, in
all, fewer than 100 persons; or
3. Secretary to the head, immediately below
corporate-wide functional activity (e.g., marketing,
tions, etc.) m- a m ajor geographic or organizational
a m ajor division) of a company that employs, in
em ployees; or
the officer level, over either a m ajor
research, operations, industrial rela
segment (e.g., a regional headquarters;
all, over 5,000 but fewer than 25,000
4. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc. (or other equivalent level
of official) that employs, in all, over 5,000 persons; or
5. Secretary to the head of a large and important organizational segment (e.g., a middle
management supervisor of an organizational segment often involving as many as several
hundred persons) or a company that employs, in all, over 25,000 persons.
Class C
1. Secretary to an executive or managerial person whose responsibility is not equivalent
to one of the specific level situations in the definition for class B, but whose organizational
unit normally numbers at least several dozen employees and is usually divided into organiza
tional segments which are often, in turn, further subdivided. In some companies, this level
includes a wide range of organizational echelons; in others, only one or two; o r
2. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc. (or other equivalent level
of official) that employs, in all, fewer than 5,000 persons.
Class D
Perform s stenographic and typing work.
May also perform other clerical and secretarial tasks of comparable nature and difficulty.
The work typically requires knowledge of office routine and understanding of the organization,
programs, and procedures related to the work of the supervisor.
Exclusions
Not all positions that are titled "sec reta ry " possess the above characteristics.
of positions which are excluded from the definition are as follows:
2. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than the.chairman of the board or president)
of a company that employs, in all, over 5, 000 but fewer than 25, 000 persons; or
2. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than the chairman of the board or president)
of a company that employs, in all, over 100 but few er than 5,000 persons; or
MESSENGER (Office Boy or Girl)
f.
Class A
1. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that employs, in
all, over 100 but fewer than 5,000 persons; or
Positions are classified into levels on the basis of the following definitions.
1. Secretary to the supervisor or head of a small organizational unit (e.g., fewer than
about 25 or 30 persons); or
2. Secretary to a nonsupervisory staff specialist, professional employee, administra
tive officer, or assistant, skilled technician or expert. (NOTE: Many companies assign
stenographers, rather than secretaries as described above, to this level of supervisory or
nonsupervisory worker.)
Examples
a.
Positions which do not meet the "personal" secretary concept described above;
b.
Stenographers not fully trained in secretarial type duties;
c. Stenographers serving as office assistants to a group of professional, technical, or
managerial persons;
d. Secretary positions in which the duties are either substantially m ore routine or sub
stantially m ore complex and responsible than those characterized in the definition;
STENOGRAPHER
Prim ary duty is to take dictation using shorthand, and to transcribe the dictation. May
also type from written copy. May operate from a stenographic pool. May occasionally transcribe
from voice recordings (if prim ary duty is transcribing from recordings, see Transcribing-Machine
Operator, General).
N O TE: This job is distinguished from that of a secretary in that a secretary normally
works in a confidential relationship with only one manager or executive and performs m ore
responsible and discretionary tasks as described in the secretary job definition.
Stenographer, General
e. Assistant type positions which involve m ore difficult or m ore responsible tech
nical, administrative, supervisory, or specialized clerical duties which are not typical of
secretarial work.
Dictation involves a normal routine vocabulary. May maintain files, keep simple records,
or perform other relatively routine clerica l tasks.
25
STENOGRAPHER— Continued
TABULATING-M ACHINE OPERATOR (Electric Accounting Machine Operator)— Continued
Positions are classified into levels on the basis of the following definitions.
Stenographer, Senior
Dictation involves a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs
or reports on scientific research. May also set up and maintain file s, keep records, etc.
Class A . Perform s complete reporting and tabulating assignments including devising
difficult control panel wiring.under general supervision. Assignments typically involve a
variety of long and complex reports which often are irregular or nonrecurring, requiring
some planning of the nature and sequencing of operations, and the use of a variety of ma
chines. Is typically involved in training new operators in machine operations or training
lower level operators in wiring from diagrams and in the operating sequences of long and
complex reports. Does not include positions in which wiring responsibility is limited to
selection and insertion of prewired boards.
OR
Perform s stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and respon
sibility than stenographer, general, as evidenced by the following: Work requires a high
degree of stenographic speed and accuracy; a thorough working knowledge of general business
and office procedure; and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, proce
dures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and
responsible clerical tasks such as maintaining followup files; assembling m aterial for reports,
memorandums, and letters; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and
routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc.
Class B . Perform s work according to established procedures and under specific in
structions. Assignments typically involve complete but routine and recurring reports or parts
of la rger and m ore complex reports. Operates m ore difficult tabulating or electrical ac
counting machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the simpler machines
used by class C operators. May be required to do some wiring from diagrams. May train
new employees in basic machine operations.
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR
Class A . Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard handling incoming,
outgoing, intraplant or office calls. Perform s full telephone information service or handles
complex calls, such as conference, collect, overseas, or sim ilar calls, either in addition to
doing routine work as described for switchboard operator, class B, or as a full-tim e
assignment. ("F u ll'1 telephone information service occurs when the establishment has varied
functions that are not readily understandable for telephone information purposes, e.g., because
of overlapping or interrelated functions, and consequently present frequent problems as to
which extensions are appropriate for calls.)
Class B . Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard handling incoming,
outgoing, intraplant or office calls. May handle routine long distance calls and record tolls.
May perform lim ited telephone information service. ("L im ited " telephone information service
occurs if the functions of the establishment serviced are readily understandable for telephone
information purposes, or if the requests are routine, e.g., giving extension numbers when
specific names are furnished, or if complex calls are referred to another operator.)
These classifications do not include switchboard operators in telephone companies who
assist customers in placing calls.
SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST
In addition to performing duties of operator on a single-position or m onitor-type switch
board, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular
duties. This typing or clerica l work may take the m ajor part of this w orker's time while at
switchboard.
Class C. Under specific instructions, operates simple tabulating or electrical accounting
machines such as the sorter, interpreter, reproducing punch, collator, etc. Assignments
typically involve portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs,
or repetitive operations. May perform simple wiring from diagrams, and do some filing work.
TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL
Prim a ry duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from
transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work.
Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as
legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation
in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine is classified as a stenographer.
TY PIS T
Uses a typewriter to make copies of various m aterials or to make out bills after calcula
tions have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or sim ilar m ate
rials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such
as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail.
Class A . Perform s one or m ore of the following: Typing material in final form when
it involves combining m aterial from several sources; or responsibility for correct spelling,
syllabication, punctuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language m ate
rial; or planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity
and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances.
TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (Electric Accounting Machine Operator)
Operates one or a variety of machines such as the tabulator, calculator, collator, inter
preter, sorter, reproducing punch, etc. Excluded from this definition are working supervisors.
Also excluded are operators of electronic digital computers, even though they may also operate
EAM equipment.
P R O F E S S I O N A L
COMPUTER OPERATOR
Monitors and operates the control console of a digital computer to process data according
to operating instructions, usually prepared by a program er. Work includes most of the following:
Studies instructions to determine equipment setup and operations; loads equipment with required
items (tape reels, cards, etc.); switches necessary auxiliary equipment into circuit, and starts
and operates computer; makes adjustments to computer to correct operating problems and meet
special conditions; reviews errors made during operation and determines cause or refers problem
to supervisor or programer; and maintains operating records. May test and assist in correcting
program.
For wage study purposes, computer operators are classified as follows:
Class A. Operates independently, or under only general direction, a computer running
programs with most of the following characteristics: New programs are frequently tested
and introduced; scheduling requirements are of critical importance to minim ize downtime;
the programs are of complex design so that identification of erro r source often requires a
working knowledge of the total program, and alternate programs may not be available. May
give direction and guidance to lower level operators.
Class B. Operates independently, or under only general direction, a computer running
programs with most of the following characteristics: Most of the programs are established
production runs, typically run on a regularly recurring basis; there is little or no testing
Class B . Perform s one or m ore of the following: Copy typing from rough or clear
drafts; or routine typing of form s, insurance policies, etc.; or setting up simple standard
tabulations; or copying m ore complex tables already set up and spaced properly.
A N D
T E C H N I C A L
COMPUTER OPERATOR— Continued
of new programs required; alternate programs are provided in case original program needs
m ajor change or cannot be corrected within a reasonable time. In common error situa
tions, diagnoses cause and takes corrective action. This usually involves applying previously
programed corrective -steps, or using standard correction techniques.
OR
Operates under direct supervision a computer running programs or segments of programs
with the characteristics described for class A. May assist a higher level operator by inde
pendently perform ing less difficult tasks assigned, and performing difficult tasks following
detailed instructions and with frequent review of operations performed.
Class C . Works on routine programs under close supervision. Is expected to develop
working knowledge of the computer equipment used and ability to detect problems involved in
running routine programs. Usually has received some form al training in computer operation.
May assist higher level operator on complex programs.
COMPUTER PROGRAMER, BUSINESS
Converts statements of business problems, typically prepared by a systems analyst, into
a sequence of detailed instructions which are required to solve the problems by automatic data
processing equipment. Working from charts or diagrams, the programer develops the precise in
structions which, when entered into the computer system in coded language, cause the manipulation
26
CO M PUTER
PROGRAM ER,
B U S IN E S S — C o n tin u ed
of data to achieve desired results. Work involves most of the following: Applies knowledge of
computer capabilities, mathematics, logic employed by computers, and particular subject matter
involved to analyze charts and diagrams of the problem to be programed; develops sequence
of program steps; writes detailed flow charts to show order in which data w ill be processed;
converts these charts to coded instructions for machine to follow; tests and corrects programs;
prepares instructions for operating personnel during production run; analyzes, reviews, and alters
programs to increase operating efficiency or adapt to new requirements; maintains records of
program development and revisions. (NOTE: Workers performing both systems analysis and pro
graming should be classified as systems analysts if this is the skill used to determine their pay.)
Does not include employees prim arily responsible for the management or supervision of
other electronic data processing employees, or program ers prim arily concerned with scientific
and/or engineering problems.
For wage study purposes, program ers are classified as follows:
Class A . Works independently or under only general direction on complex problems which
require competence in all phases of programing concepts and practices. Working from dia
grams and charts which identify the nature of desired results, major processing steps to be
accomplished, and the relationships between various steps of the problem solving routine;
plans the full range of programing actions needed to efficiently utilize the computer system
in achieving desired end products.
At this level, programing is difficult because computer equipment must be organized to
produce several interrelated but diverse products from numerous and diverse data elements.
A wide variety and extensive number of internal processing actions must occur. This requires
such actions as development of common operations which can be reused, establishment of
linkage points between operations, adjustments to data when program requirements exceed
computer storage capacity, and substantial manipulation and resequencing of data elements
to form a highly integrated program.
May provide functional direction to lower level program ers who are assigned to assist.
Class B . Works independently or under only general direction on relatively simple
programs, or on simple segments of complex programs. Programs (or segments) usually
process information to produce data in two or three varied sequences or formats. Reports
and listings are produced by refining, adapting, arraying, or making minor additions to or
deletions from input data which are readily available. While numerous records may be
processed, the data have been refined in prior actions so that the accuracy and sequencing
of data can be tested by using a few routine checks. Typically, the program deals with
routine record-keeping type operations.
OR
Works on complex programs (as described for class A) under close direction of a higher
level program er or supervisor. May assist higher level programer by independently per
form ing less difficult tasks assigned, and perform ing m ore difficult tasks under fa irly close
direction.
May guide or instruct lower level program ers.
Class C. Makes practical applications of programing practices and concepts usually
learned in form al training courses. Assignments are designed to develop competence in the
application of standard procedures to routine problems. Receives close supervision on new
aspects of assignments; and work is reviewed to ve rify its accuracy and conformance with
required procedures.
COMPUTER SYSTEMS A N A LY S T, BUSINESS
Analyzes business problems to formulate procedures for solving them by use of electronic
data processing equipment. Develops a complete description of all specifications needed to enable
program ers to prepare required digital computer programs. Work involves most of the following:
Analyzes subject-matter operations to be automated and identifies conditions and criteria required
to achieve satisfactory results; specifies number and types of records, files, and documents to
be used; outlines actions to be perform ed by personnel and computers in sufficient detail for
presentation to management and for programing (typically this involves preparation of work and
data flow charts); coordinates the development of test problems and participates in trial runs of
new and revised systems; and recommends equipment changes to obtain more effective overall
operations. (NOTE: Workers perform ing both systems analysis and programing should be clas
sified as systems analysts if this is the skill used to determine their pay.)
Does not include employees prim arily responsible for the management or supervision
of other electronic data processing employees, or systems analysts prim arily concerned with
scientific or engineering problems.
For wage study purposes, systems analysts are classified as follows:
Class A . Works independently or under only general direction on complex problems in
volving all phases of systems analysis. Problem s are complex because of diverse sources of
input data and multiple-use requirements of output data. (F or example, develops an integrated
production scheduling, inventory control, cost analysis, and sales analysis record in which
CO M PU TER
SYSTEM S A N A L Y S T ,
B U S IN E S S — C on tin u ed
every item of each type is automatically processed through the full system of records and
appropriate followup actions are initiated by the computer.) Confers with persons concerned to
determine the data processing problems and advises subject-matter personnel on the im plica
tions of new or revised systems of data processing operations. Makes recommendations, if
needed, for approval of m ajor systems installations or changes and for obtaining equipment.
May provide functional direction to lower level systems analysts who are assigned to
as sist.
Class B . Works independently or under only general direction on problems that are
relatively uncomplicated to analyze, plan, program, and operate. Problems are of lim ited
complexity because sources of input data are homogeneous and the output data are closely
related. (F or example, develops systems for maintaining depositor accounts in a bank,
maintaining accounts receivable in a retail establishment, or maintaining inventory accounts
in a manufacturing or wholesale establishment.) Confers with persons concerned to determine
the data processing problems and advises subject-matter personnel on the implications of the
data processing systems to be applied.
OR
Works on a segment of a complex data processing scheme or system, as described for
class A. Works independently on routine assignments and receives instruction and guidance
on complex assignments. Work is reviewed for accuracy of judgment, compliance with in
structions, and to insure proper alinement with the overall system.
Class C. Works under immediate supervision, carrying out analyses as assigned, usually
of a single activity. Assignments are designed to develop and expand practical experience
in the application of procedures and skills required for systems analysis work. For example,
may assist a higher level systems analyst by preparing the detailed specifications required
by program ers from information developed by the higher level analyst.
DRAFTSMAN
Class A . Plans the graphic presentation of complex items having distinctive design
features that differ significantly from established drafting precedents. Works in close sup
port with the design originator, and may recommend minor design changes. Analyzes the
effect of each change on the details of form , function, and positional relationships of com
ponents and parts. Works with a minimum of supervisory assistance. Completed work is
reviewed by design originator for consistency with prior engineering determinations. May
either prepare drawings, or direct their preparation by lower level draftsmen.
Class B. Perform s nonroutine and complex drafting assignments that require the appli
cation of most of the standardized drawing techniques regularly used. Duties typically in
volve such work as: Prepares working drawings of subassemblies with irregular shapes,
multiple functions, and precise positional relationships between components; prepares archi
tectural drawings for construction of a building including detail drawings of foundations, wall
sections, floor plans, and roof. Uses accepted formulas and manuals in making necessary
computations to determine quantities o f m aterials to be used, load capacities, strengths,
stresses, etc.
Receives initial instructions, requirements, and advice from supervisor.
Completed work is checked for technical adequacy.
Class C . Prepares detail drawings of single units or parts for engineering, construction,
manufacturing, or repair purposes. Types of drawings prepared include isom etric projections
(depicting three dimensions in accurate scale) and sectional views to cla rify positioning of
components and convey needed information. Consolidates details from a number of sources
and adjusts or transposes scale as required. Suggested methods of approach, applicable
precedents, and advice on source m aterials are given with initial assignments. Instructions
are less complete when assignments recur. Work may be spot-checked during progress.
DRAFTSM AN-TRACER
Copies plans and drawings prepared by others by placing tracing cloth or paper over
drawings and tracing with pen or pencil. (Does not include tracing limited to plans prim arily
consisting of straight lines and a large scale not requiring close delineation.)
AND/OR
Prepares simple or repetitive drawings of easily visualized items.
during progress.
Work is closely supervised
ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN
Works on various types of electronic equipment or systems by performing one or m ore
of the following operations: Modifying, installing, repairing, and overhauling. These operations
require the performance of most or all of the following tasks: Assembling, testing, adjusting,
calibrating, tuning, and alining.
Work is nonrepetitive and requires a knowledge of the theory and practice of electronics
pertaining to the use of general and specialized electronic test equipment; trouble analysis; and
the operation, relationship, and alinement of electronic systems, subsystems, and circuits having
a variety of component parts.
27
ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN— Continued
NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (Registered)
Electronic equipment or systems worked on typically include one or m ore of the following:
Ground, vehicle, or airborne radio communications systems, relay systems, navigation aids;
airborne or ground radar systems; radio and television transmitting or recording systems; e le c
tronic computers; m issile and spacecraft guidance and control systems; industrial and medical
measuring, indicating and controlling devices; etc.
A registered nurse who gives nursing service under general medical direction to ill or
injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a
factory or other establishment. .Duties involve a combination of the following: Giving first aid
to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees' injuries; keeping records
of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; assisting in
physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and ca rry
ing out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment,
or other activities affecting the health, w elfare, and safety of all personnel. Nursing supervisors
or head nurses in establishments employing more than one nurse are excluded.
(Exclude production assemblers and testers, craftsmen, draftsmen, designers, engineers,
and repairmen of such standard electronic equipment as office machines, radio and television
receiving sets.)
M
A I N T E N A N C E
A N D
P O
W
E R P L A N T
CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE
MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE
Perform s the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair build
ing woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors,
stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following:
Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a
variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; mak
ing standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting m aterials necessary
for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and
experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical
equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written
instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinist's
handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools;
shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimen
sions of work, tooling, feeds, and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of
the common metals; selecting standard m aterials, parts, and equipment required for his work;
and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist's work
normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a form al
apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
ELEC TRIC IAN , MAINTENANCE
Perform s a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or
repair of equipment for the generation, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an estab
lishment. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of e le c
trical equipment such as generators, transform ers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers,
motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blue
prints, drawings, layouts, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the electrical
system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or
electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician's handtools and measuring and testing
instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and
experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
ENGINEER, STATIONARY
Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and
equipment (mechanical or electrica l) to supply the establishment in which employed with power,
heat, refrigeration, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment
such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and re frig
erating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and
keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also su
pervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one
engineer are excluded.
FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER
F ires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power,
or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and
checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment.
H ELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES
Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific
or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools;
cleaning working area, machine, and equipment; assisting journeyman by holding m aterials or
tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the
helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined
to supplying, lifting, and holding m aterials and tools, and cleaning working areas; and in others
he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also
performed by workers on a full-tim e basis.
M ACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM
Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers,
cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or m illing machines, in the construction of
machine-shop tools, gages, jig s, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning
and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or
a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of precision measuring instruments; selecting feeds,
speeds, tooling, and operation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation
to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need
dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For
cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom , in tool and die jobbing
shops are excluded from this classification.
MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (Maintenance)
Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work in
volves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dis
assembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches,
gages, d rills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or
defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various
assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes
and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires
rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent
training and experience.
This classification does not include mechanics who repair customers' vehicles in auto
mobile repair shops.
MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE
Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most
of the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble;
dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use
of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained
from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the
machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs
or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making
all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires
rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent
training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties
involve setting up or adjusting machines.
MILLWRIGHT
Installs new machines or heavy equipment, and dismantles and installs machines or heavy
equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most of the following:
Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety
of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations relating to stresses, strength of
m aterials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools,
equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission
equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the m illw right's work normally requires
a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a form al apprenticeship or
equivalent training and experience.
PAIN TER, MAINTENANCE
Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishment. Work involves
the following: Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required for different applica
tions; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or fille r in nail
28
PAIN TER, MAINTENANCE— Continued
SH E E T-M E TAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE— Continued
holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May m ix colors, oils, white
lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the
maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal
apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
up and operating all available types o f sheet-metal working machines: using a variety of handtools
in cutting, bending, forming,, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles
as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded
training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training
and experience.
PIP E F IT T E R , M AINTENANCE
Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an
establishment. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate
position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to
correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machines; threading
pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines: assembling
pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to
pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether fin
ished pipes m eet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires
rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent
training and experience. Workers prim arily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation
or heating systems are excluded.
SH E ET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE
Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet-metal equipment and fixtures
(such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal
roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out all
types-of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications: setting
C U S T O D I A L
A N D
TOOL AND DIE MAKER
(Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker)
Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs,’ fixtures or dies for forgings,
punching, and other m etal-form ing work. Work involves most of the following: Planning and
laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications;
using a variety of tool and die m aker's handtools and precision measuring instruments; under
standing of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of
machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions
of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heat-treating of metal parts during fabrication
as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances;
fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appropriate
m aterials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die m aker's work requires a rounded
training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship
or equivalent training and experience.
F or cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing
shops are excluded from this classification.
M A T E R I A L
GUARD AND WATCHMAN
Guard. Perform s routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order,
using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check
on identity of employees and other persons entering.
Watchman. Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire ,
theft, and illegal entry.
JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER
(Sweeper; charwoman; janitress)
Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or
premises of an office, apartment house, or comm ercial or other establishment. Duties involve
a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing
chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fix
tures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; and cleaning lavatories,
showers, and restroom s. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded.
O V E M
E N T
PACKER, SHIPPING— Continued
and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other m aterial to
prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering
identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded.
SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK
Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible for incoming ship
ments of merchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping pro
cedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation, and rates; and preparing records
of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping
a file of shipping records. May direct ojr assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment.
Receiving work involves: V erifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments
against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting dam
aged goods; routing merchandise or m aterials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary
records and file s.
For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows;
Receiving clerk
Shipping clerk
Shipping and receiving clerk
LABORER, M A TE R IA L HANDLING
(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper;
warehouseman or warehouse helper)
M
TRUCKDRIVER
A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment
whose duties involve one or m ore of the following: Loading and unloading various m aterials and
merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving,
or placing m aterials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting m aterials or
merchandise by handtruck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are
excluded.
Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport m aterials, merchandise,
equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight
depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and
customers' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers,
make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D river-salesm en and
over-the-road drivers are excluded.
ORDER F ILLE R
follows:
(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)
F ills shipping or transfer orders fo r finished goods from stored merchandise in accord
ance with specifications on sales slips, customers' orders, or other instructions. May, in addition
to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requi
sition additional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties.
F or wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as
(T ra cto r-tra iler should be rated on the basis of tra ile r capacity.)
Truckdriver
Truckdriver,
Truckdriver,
Truckdriver,
Truckdriver,
(combination of sizes listed separately)
light (under 1 V2 tons)
medium (l'/z to and including 4 tons)
heavy (over 4 tons, tra ile r type)
heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra ile r type)
TRUCKER, POWER
PACKER, SHIPPING
Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping con
tainers, the specific operations perform ed being dependent upon the type, size, and number
of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires
the placing o f items in shipping containers and may involve one or m ore of the following:
Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type
Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport
goods and m aterials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment.
For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows:
Trucker, power (forklift)
Trucker, power (other than forklift)
A v a ila b le O n R e q u e s t
T h e f o llo w in g a r e a s a r e s u r v e y e d p e r i o d i c a l l y f o r use in a d m i n i s te r i n g the S e r v i c e C o n t ra c t A c t o f 1965.
a v a ila b le at no c o s t wh il e sup plies l a s t f r o m any o f the B L S r e g io n a l o f f i c e s shown on the in s id e fro n t c o v e r .
Alaska
Alb an y, Ga.
A lp e n a, Standish, and T a w a s C ity , M ic h.
A m a rillo, Tex.
A s h e v i l l e , N .C .
Atla ntic C it y, N.J.
Augus ta, G a —S.C.
Au stin, T e x .
B a k e r s f i e l d , C a lif.
Baton Rouge, L a .
B i l o x i , Gulfpor t, and P a s c a g o u la , M i s s .
B r i d g e p o r t , N o r w a l k , and Sta m fo rd , Conn.
C h arle ston , S.C.
C l a r k s v i l l e , Tenn., and H o p k in s v ille , K y .
C o lo r a d o Sp rin gs, C olo .
C olum bia, S.C.
Columbus, Ga.—A la .
C ra n e , Ind.
Dothan, A la .
Duluth-S uperior, M i n n —Wis.
Durham, N .C .
E l Paso, Tex.
Eugene, O r e g .
F a r g o —M oo rh ea d , N. Dak.—Minn.
F a y e t t e v i l l e , N .C .
F it chb urg —L e o m i n s t e r , M a s s .
F o r t Smith, A r k . —Okla.
F r e d e r i c k —H ag e rs to w n , Md.—P a.—W. Va.
G r ea t F a l l s , Mont.
G r e e n s b o r o —Winston Salem —High P oin t, N .C .
H a r r i s b u r g , P a.
Hun ts vil le , A l a .
K n o x v i l l e , Tenn.
C op ie s o f public r e l e a s e s a r e
Laredo, Tex.
Las V egas, Nev.
L e x in g to n , K y .
L o w e r E a s t e r n Shore, Md.—Va.
M acon , Ga.
M ar q u e tte , E scanaba, Sault Ste. M a r i e , Mich,
M eridian , M is s.
M i d d l e s e x , Monmouth, O cean and S o m e r s e t
C o s ., N.J.
M o b i l e , A l a . , and P e n s a c o l a , F la .
M on tgom ery, Ala.
N a s h v i l l e , Tenn.
N e w London—G roto n—N o r w i c h , Conn.
N o r t h e a s t e r n M ain e
Ogden, Utah
O rlando, F la .
Oxnard—V entu ra , C a lif.
P an a m a C ity , F la .
P in e Bluff, A r k .
P or ts m o u th , N.H.—M ain e—M a s s .
P ueb lo, C olo.
R eno, N e v .
S a cram e n to , C a lif.
Santa B a r b a r a , C a l i f.
S h r e v e p o r t, La.
S p r in g fie ld —C h ic op e e —H o l y o k e , M a s s .—Conn.
Stockton, C a l i f.
T a c o m a , Wash.
T op e k a, K an s.
Tucson, A r i z .
V a l l e j o —Napa, C a lif.
Wich ita F a l l s , T e x .
W ilm ingto n, D e l —N.J.—Md.
The tw elf th annual r e p o r t on s a l a r i e s f o r accountants, aud ito rs, c h ie f accountants, a tto r n e y s , job an aly s ts , d i r e c t o r s of person nel,
b u y e r s , c h e m is t s , e n g i n e e r s , e n g in e e rin g te chnic ians, d r a ft s m e n , and c l e r i c a l e m p l o y e e s . O r d e r as B L S Bulletin 1742, National
S u rv e y of P r o f e s s i o n a l , A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , T e c h n ic a l, and C l e r i c a l P a y , June 1971, s e v e n t y - f i v e cents a copy, f r o m the Superintendent
of Doc um ents , U.S. G o v e r n m e n t P r in tin g O f f ic e , Washington, D .C ., 20402, or any of its r e g i o n a l s ale s o f f i c e s .
http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
☆ U. S. G O V E R N M E N T P R IN T IN G O F F IC E : 1 9 7 2 ^ 7 4 6 - 1 8 2 /1 0
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
'
.
A r e a W a g e Surv eys
A li s t o f the la te s t a v a ila b le bulle tins is p r e s e n t e d below. A d i r e c t o r y o f a re a wag e studies including m o r e l i m i t e d studies conducted at the r eq u e st
o f the E m p lo y m e n t Standards A d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f the D e p artm e nt o f L a b o r is a v a i l a b l e on r eq u e st. Bulletins m a y be purch ased f r o m the Superintendent
o f Doc um ents , U.S. G ov e r n m en t P r i n t i n g O f f ic e , Washington, D .C ., 20402, o r f r o m any o f the B L S r e g i o n a l s ale s o f f i c e s shown on the insid e fro nt c o v e r .
Area
A k r o n , Ohio, July 1971 1 __________________________________
A lb an y-S ch e n e c tad y —T r o y , N . Y . , M a r . 1972--------------Alb uqu erqu e, N. M e x . , M a r . 1972 1 ______________________
A ll e n t o w n - B e t h l e h e m —Easton, P a —N .J ., M a y 1.971----Atlanta , G a., M ay 1971____________________________________
B a l t i m o r e , M d., Aug. 1971----------------------------------------Beaumont—P o r t A r th u r —O r an g e , T e x . , M a y 1972--------Binghamton, N . Y . , July 1971 1-----------------------------------B i r m in g h a m , A l a . , M a r . 1972-----------------------------------B o is e C ity , Idaho, N ov. 1971______________________________
Boston, M a s s ., Aug. 1971__________________________________
B uffa lo, N . Y . , Oct. 1971............... .................................... ....
Burlin gt on , V t. , D ec. 1971_________________________________
Canton, Ohio, M a y 1971___________________________________
C h a r le ston , W. V a., M a r . 1972 1_________________________
C h a r lo tt e , N .C ., Jan. 1972 1--------------------------------------Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga., Sept. 1971______________________
C h ic ag o, III., June 1971 1 _________________________________
C incinnati, Ohio—K y.—Ind., F eb . 1972-------------------------C le v e la n d , Ohio, Sept. 1971--------------------------------------C olumbus , Ohio, Oct. 1971________________________________
D a lla s , T e x . , Oct. 1971____________________________________
Dav enpor t—Rock Island—M o l i n e , Iowa—III., F eb . 1972 1
Dayton, Ohio, D ec. 1971 1__________________________________
D e n v e r, C o lo . , D ec. 1971 1 ---------------------------------------Des M o in e s , Iowa, M ay 1971______________________________
D e tr o it, M ic h ., F eb . 1972------------------------------------------Durham, N . C . , A p r . 1972 1 ___ ____________________________
F o r t L a u d e r d a le —H o lly w o o d and West P a l m
Beach, F l a . (to be s u r v e y e d in 1972)
F o r t Worth, T e x . , Oct. 1971.___________________ _______—
G r ee n Bay, W is ., July 1971_______________________________
G r e e n v i l l e , S.C ., M a y 1972------------------------------------ -—
Houston, T e x . , A p r . 1971 1________________________________
H un ts ville , A la . , F e b r u a r y 1972 1 ------------ -----------------Indianapoli s, Ind., Oct. 1971 -------------------------------------Jackson, M i s s . , Jan. 1972_________________________________
J a c k s o n v ille , F la ., Dec. 1971------------------------------------K an sas C ity , M o —K an s ., Sept. 1971 — ----- -----------------L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l , M as s .—N .H ., June 1971 ------------L i t t l e Rock—N orth L i t t l e R oc k , A r k . , July 1971---------L o s A n g e l e s —Long Beach and An aheim —Santa A n a Gar den G r o v e , C a l i f. , M a r . 1971 1 _____________________
L o u i s v i l l e , Ky.—Ind., N ov. 1971 1 ------------------------------Lubbock, T e x . , M a r . 1972 1............ ................ ............. .....
M a n c h e s te r , N .H ., July 1971-------------------------------------M e m p h is , Tenn.—A r k . , N ov . 1971 1----------------------------M i a m i , F l a . , N ov. 1971____________________________________
M id land and O d e ss a, T e x . , Jan. 1 9 72 *----------------------M ilw a u k e e , W is ., M ay 1971 ---------------------------------------
Bulletin nu mber
and p r i c e
1685-87,
1725-49,
1725-59,
1685-75,
1685-69,
1725-16,
1725-69,
1725-6,
1725-58,
1725-27,
1725-11,
1725-34,
1725-25,
1685-71,
1725-63,
1725-48,
1725-14,
1685-90,
1725-56,
1725-17,
1725-19,
1725-26,
1725-55,
1725-36,
1725-44,
1685-70,
1725-68,
1725-64,
40 cents
30 cents
35 cents
30 cents
40 cents
35 cents
30 cents
35 cents
30 cents
30 cents
40 cents
45 cents
25 cents
30 cents
35 cents
35 cents
30 cents
70 cents
35 cents
40 cents
30 cents
35 cents
35 cents
35 cents
35 cents
30 cents
40 cents
30 cents
1725-21,
1725-3,
1725-66,
1685-67,
1725-50,
1725-23,
1725-38,
1725-39,
1725-18,
1685-83,
1725-4,
30 cents
30 cents
30 cents
50 cents
35 cents
30 cents
30 cents
30 cents
35 cents
30 cents
30 cents
1685-66,
1725-29,
1725-57,
1725-2,
1725-40,
1725-28,
1725-37,
1685-76,
50 cents
35 cents
35 cents
30 cents
35 cents
30 cents
30 cents
35 cents
1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented.
Area
Bulle tin number
and p r i c e
M in n ea p o li s —St. Paul, Minn., Jan. 1972 1--------------------- 1725-45,
M uskegon—M uskegon H eigh ts , M ic h . , June 1971__________ 1685-82,
N e w a r k and J e r s e y C it y, N .J ., Jan. 1972 1_______________ 1725-52,
N e w Haven, Conn., Jan. 1972 1 ____________________________ 1725-41,
N e w O r le a n s , L a ., Jan. 1972_______________________________ 1725-35,
N e w Y o r k , N . Y . , A p r . 1971______________________ _________ 1685-89,
N o r fo l k —P o r ts m o u th and N e w p o r t N ew s—
Hampton, V a., Jan. 1972_________________________________ 1725-42,
O klahoma C ity , O kla ., July 1971 1________________________ 1725-8,
Omaha, N eb r .—Iow a, Sept. 1971 1 __________ _______________ 1725- 13,
P a t e r s o n —C lifto n —P a s s a i c , N .J ., June 1971______________ 1685-84,
P hilad e lp h ia, P a . - N . J . , N ov. 1971 1...... ...................... ....... 1725-62,
P h o en ix, A r i z . , June 1971_________________________________ 1685-86,
P itts b u r gh , P a . , Jan. 1972_________________________________ 1725-46,
P o r tla n d , M aine, N ov. 1971 1 ______________________________ 1725-22,
P o r tla n d , O r e g . —Wa sh., M ay 1971________________________ 1685-85,
P o u g h k e e p s ie —K ingsto n—N e w b u r g h ,
N . Y . (to be s u r v e y e d in 1972)
P r o v i d e n c e —Paw tu cket—W a r w ic k , R .I.—M a s s . ,
M a y 1972...... ........................................ ...................... ............ 1725-70,
R a le ig h , N .C . , Aug. 1971------------------------------------- ----- — 1725-5,
R ichm ond, V a., M a r . 1972 1________________________________ 1725-72,
R o c h e s t e r , N . Y . ( o f f i c e occupations o n ly), July 1971 1__ 1725-7,
R o c k f o r d , III., M ay 1971......................— ---------- ------------- 1685-79,
St. L o u i s , M o.—III., M a r . 1972------------------------------------- 1725-61,
Salt L ak e C ity , Utah, N ov. 1971----------------------------------- 1725-24,
San Antonio, T e x . , M a y 1972--------------------------------------- 1725-67,
San B e r n a rd in o —R i v e r s i d e - O n t a r i o , C a l i f. ,
D ec. 1971___________________________________________ _____ _
1725-43,
San D ie go , C a l i f . , N ov. 1971 1 _________________________ _
1725-32,
San F r a n c i s c o —Oakland, C a l i f . , Oct. 1 971*______________ 1725-33,
San J ose, C a l i f. , M a r . 1972---------------------------------------- 1725-65,
Savannah, Ga., M a y 1971___________________________________ 1685-72,
Scranton, P a . , July 1971___________________________________ 1725- 1,
Seat tle—E v e r e t t , Wash., Jan. 1972________________________ 1725-47,
Sioux F a l l s , S. Dak., Dec. 19 71 ....................... ............... .. 1725-30,
South Bend, Ind., M a r . 1972 1______ __________________ ____ 1725-60,
Spokane, Wash., June 1971 ---------------------------------------- - 1685-88,
S y r a c u s e , N . Y . , July 1971 1 ________________________________ 1725- 10,
T a m p a —St. P e t e r s b u r g , F l a . , N ov. 1971 1 _______________ 1725-31,
T o l e d o , Ohio—M ic h ., A p r . 1971 1____________________ _____ _ 1685-74,
T re n to n , N .J ., Sept. 1971 ----------------------------- ----- --------- 1725- 12,
U t i c a - R o m e , N . Y . , July 1971 1 ............................................ 1725-9,
Washington, D.C.—Md.—V a., A p r . 1971___________________ 1685-56,
W a te rb u r y , Conn., M a r . 1 972*____________________________ 1725-53,
W a te r l o o , Iow a, N ov . 1971___________________ ____ _________ 1725-20,
W ic h ita , K an s ., A p r . 1971_______________ _____ __________ 1685-64,
W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , M ay 1972 1___________________ ________ 1725-71,
Y o r k , P a ., F eb . 1 972*____________ ______ ___________ ________ 1725-54,
Y o u n g s to w n -W a r r e n , Ohio, N ov. 1 9 71 *............ — ............ 1725-51,
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
FIRST CLASS M AIL
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
POSTAGE A N D FEES PA ID
W ASHING TO N, D.C. 20212
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
O F F IC IA L BUSINESS
PENALTY FOR P R IV A TE USE, $300
@FedFRASER