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Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth, Virginia— North Carolina, Metropolitan Area, May 1979 Area Wage Survey U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin 2050-22 DOCUMENT collection OCT 21970 DaVt°pS,KI W " Preface T his bu lletin p r o v id e s re su lts o f a M ay 197 9 s u r v e y o f occu p a tion a l earn ings and su pplem en tary w age ben efits in the N orfolk —V irg in ia B each — P ortsm ou th , V irg in ia —North C a ro lin a , Standard M etrop olita n S ta tistica l A rea . The su rv e y was m ade as p a rt o f the B u reau o f L a b or S ta t is t ic s ' annual a rea wage su rv e y p r o g r a m . It w as con du cted b y the B u rea u 's r e g io n a l o ffic e in P h ila delph ia, P a ., under the g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n o f Irw in L. F eig en b au m , A s sis ta n t R eg ion a l C o m m is s io n e r fo r O p era tion s. The su rv ey cou ld not have been a c c o m p lis h e d without the c o o p e r a tio n o f the m any fir m s w hose w age and sa la ry data p rov id ed the b a sis fo r the s ta tis tica l in fo rm a tio n in this bu lletin . The B ureau w ish es to e x p r e s s s in c e r e a p p re c ia tio n fo r the c o o p e ra tio n r e ce iv e d . M a teria l in this p u b lica tion is in the pu blic dom ain and m a y be re p ro d u c e d w ithout p e r m is s io n o f the F e d e r a l G overn m en t. P le a s e c r e d it the B ureau of L a b or S ta tistics and cite the nam e and num ber o f this pu blication . Note: A ls o a v a ila b le fo r the N o r fo lk a re a a r e lis tin g s o f union w age ra tes fo r building tr a d e s , prin tin g tr a d e s , lo c a l-t r a n s it operatin g e m p lo y e e s , lo c a l tr u c k d r iv e r s and h e lp e r s , and g r o c e r y s to re e m p lo y e e s . F r e e c o p ie s of th ese are a v a ila b le fr o m the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o ffic e s . (See ba ck c o v e r fo r a d d r e s s e s .) Area Wage Survey Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth, Virginia— North Carolina, Metropolitan Area, May 1979 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Contents Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood Commissioner Introduction_______________________________________ Page 2 September 1979 Bulletin 2050-22 For sale by the Superintendent of Docu ments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D C 20402, G PO Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on back cover Price $1.75. Make checks payable to Super intendent of Documents. T ables: Earnings, all establishm ents: A - l . Weekly earnings o f o ffice w ork ers_____ 3 A -2. Weekly earnings o f p rofession a l and technical w o r k e r s ________________ 5 A -3, A verage weekly earnings of office, profession a l, and technical w ork ers, by s e x ____________ 6 A -4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom , and powerplant w ork ers________________________________ 7 A -5 . Hourly earnings o f m a terial movement and custodial w ork ers_____ 8 A -6. A verage hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom , p o w e rplant, m aterial m ovem ent, and custodial w ork ers, by s e x ____________ 9 A -7. P ercen t in creases in average hourly earnings fbr selected occupational g ro u p s____________________ 10 A -8. A verage pay relationships within establishm ents fo r w h ite-colla r w o r k e r s ______________ 11 A -9. A verage pay relationships within establishm ents fo r b lu e-colla r w ork ers_______________ 12 Page Tables— Continued Establishm ent pra ctices and supplementary wage provision s: B -l . Minimum entrance salaries for inexperienced typists andclerk s_________ 13 B -2. L ate-sh ift pay provision s for fu ll-tim e manufacturing production and related w o rk e r s________ 14 B-3. Scheduled weekly hours and days of fu ll-tim e fir s t-s h ift w orkers____________ 15 B -4, Annual paid holidays for fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s __________________________________16 B -5. Paid vacation provision s for fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s ______________________ 17 B -6, Health, insurance, and pension plans for fu ll-tim e w o rk e r s _____________ 20 B-7, Life insurance plans for fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s _______________________ 21 Appendix A. Scope and method of su rvey ________ 24 Appendix B. Occupational descriptions__________ 29 Introduction T h is a r e a is 1 o f 72 in w h ich the U.S. D ep artm en t o f L a b o r' s B ureau o f L a b or S ta tistics con d u cts s u r v e y s o f o ccu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s and rela ted b e n e fits. (S ee lis t o f a r e a s on in sid e b a ck c o v e r .) In ea ch area, earn ings data f o r s e le c t e d occu p a tio n s ( A - s e r i e s ta b les) a r e c o lle c t e d annually. In form a tion on esta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age ben efits ( B - s e r i e s ta b les) is obtain ed e v e r y th ird y e a r . E a ch y e a r a fte r a ll in dividu al a r e a w age s u rv e y s have b een c o m p leted , tw o su m m a r y b u lletin s a r e is su e d . The f ir s t b rin g s to g e th e r data fo r each m e tro p o lita n a r e a su r v e y e d ; the s e c o n d p r e s e n ts national and r e gion a l e s t im a te s , p r o je c t e d fr o m in d iv id u al m e tro p o lita n a r e a data, fo r a ll Standard M e tr o p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a s in the United S ta tes, ex clu din g A la sk a and H awaii. A m a jo r c o n s id e r a tio n in the a r e a w age s u r v e y p r o g r a m is the n eed to d e s c r ib e the le v e l and m o v em en t o f w ages in a v a r ie ty o f la b o r m a rk e ts , through the a n a ly s is o f (1) the le v e l and d is trib u tio n o f w ages by occu p a tio n , and (2) the m o v em en t o f w a g es by o ccu p a tio n a l c a te g o r y and s k ill le v e l. T he p r o g r a m d e v e lo p s in fo rm a tio n that m a y be u sed fo r m any p u r p o s e s , in cluding w age and s a la r y a d m in istra tio n , c o lle c t iv e b a rg a in in g , and a s s ista n ce in d ete rm in in g plant lo c a tio n . S u rv ey r e su lts a ls o a r e u se d by the U.S. D ep artm en t o f L a b o r to m ake w age d eterm in a tion s under the S e r v ic e C on tra ct A c t o f 1965. W h ere p o s s ib le , data a r e p re se n te d f o r a ll in d u strie s and fo r m anu factu ring and nonm anufacturing sep a ra tely . Data a r e not p r e se n te d fo r s k ille d m a in ten an ce w o rk e r s in nonm anufacturing b e c a u s e the num ber o f w o r k e r s e m p loy ed in this occu p a tion a l grou p in n on m an u factu rin g is to o sm a ll to w arra n t sep a ra te p resen ta tion . This ta ble p r o v id e s a m e a s u r e o f w age tren d s a fter elim in a tion o f changes in a v e r a g e ea rn in g s ca u se d by em p loym en t shifts am ong estab lish m en ts as w e ll as tu r n o v e r o f esta b lish m en ts in clu d ed in s u r v e y sa m p les. F o r fu rth er d e ta ils , s e e appendix A . T a b les A - 8 and A -9 p r o v id e fo r the f i r s t tim e m e a s u r e s o f a v e ra g e pay rela tion sh ip s within esta b lish m en ts. T h e s e m e a s u r e s m a y d iffe r c o n s id e r a b ly fr o m the pay rela tion sh ip s o f o v e r a ll a v e r a g e s p u blish ed in ta b les A - l through A -6 . See appendix A fo r d e ta ils . B - s e r i e s tables The B - s e r i e s ta bles p r e s e n t in fo rm a tio n on m in im u m en tran ce s a la r ie s fo r in e x p e rie n ce d ty p ists and c le r k s ; la t e -s h ift pay p r o v is io n s and p r a c t ic e s for p rod u ction and r e la te d w o r k e r s in m a n u factu rin g ; and data s e p a ra te ly fo r p rod u ction and r e la te d w o r k e r s and o ffic e w o r k e r s on s c h e d u led w eek ly h ours and days o f f ir s t - s h if t w o r k e r s ; paid h o lid a y s ; paid v a c a tio n s ; health, in su ra n ce , and p e n sio n p la n s; and m o r e d eta iled in fo rm a tio n on life in su ra n ce plans. A - s e r i e s ta b le s A p p en d ixes T a b le s A - l th rou gh A - 6 p r o v id e e stim a tes of str a ig h t-tim e w eek ly o r h ou rly ea rn in g s fo r w o r k e r s in occu p a tio n s c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m an u factu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u str ie s . The o ccu p a tion s a r e d efin ed in appendix B. F o r the 31 la r g e s t s u r v e y a r e a s , ta b les A -1 0 th rough A -1 5 p rov id e s im ila r data fo r e sta b lish m en ts em p loyin g 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e . T a b le A -7 p r o v id e s p e r c e n t ch a n ges in a v e ra g e h o u rly ea rn in g s o f o ffic e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g w o r k e r s , in d u stria l n u r s e s , s k ille d m a in ten a n ce tr a d e s w o r k e r s , and u n sk illed plant w o r k e r s . Appendix A d e s c r ib e s the m eth od s and c o n c e p ts u sed in the a re a w age su rv ey p ro g ra m . It p r o v id e s in fo rm a tio n on the s c o p e o f the a rea s u r v e y , the a r e a 's in d u stria l c o m p o s itio n in m a n u fa ctu rin g , and la b o r m anagem ent ag reem en t c o v e r a g e . Appendix B p ro v id e s jo b d e s c r ip tio n s u sed by B u reau fie ld r e p r e sen ta tiv es to c la s s ify w o rk e r s by occu p a tion . E a rn in g s Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers, Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979 ^"^VeeklyTarnlngB^^™ (standard) O c c u p a t i o n and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of worker* Average weekly hours 1 (standard) Mean 2 Median2 NUMBER Middle range 2 489 1 A3 346 60 CL AS S S ............................... n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ...................................... 52 3R 39.5 39.5 225.50 2 1 5 .0 0 2 0 5 .5 0 2 0 2 .5 0 179 .0 0 1 73.50- 2 7 3 .5 0 273.50 S E C R E T A R I E S . C LAS S C ............................... NANUF ACTURIN6.............................................. NONMANUFACTURING...................................... 120 60 60 39.5 39. 5 AO. 0 210.00 2 2 8 .3 0 191.50 2 1 3 .0 0 2 4 1 .0 0 1 84 .0 0 173 .0 0 1 87.50163 .0 0 - SECRETARIES. U T I L I T I E S .................................. 139 123 A5 39.5 39.5 3 9 .C 1 9 6 .5 0 198.00 247.50 1 8 4 .0 0 1 8 4 .0 0 2 5 4 .3 0 S E C R E T A R I E S . C LAS S E ............................... MANUFACTURING.............................................. 1A3 50 39. 5 39.0 1 6 A .0 0 1 8 7 . CO STENOGRAPHERS...................................................... NONMANUFACTURING....................................... 53 A5 AO* 0 AO. 0 STENOGRAPHERS. GENE RAL .......................... NONMANUFACTURING....................................... 3A 27 T Y P I S T S ..................................................................... MANUFACTURING.............................................. NONMANUFACTURING...................................... PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S .................................. C LAS S 0 ............................... n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ....................................... PU BLIC TYPISTS. CLASS A......................................... RECEIVING STRAIGHT- TIME 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 270 290 310 330 350 110 120 130'' 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 270 290 310 330 350 370 3 9. 5 * 1 9 5 . 0 0 39. 5 2 1 2 .5 0 AO. O 187.50 39.0 227.00 - 35 4 31 43 9 34 7 54 15 39 4 47 14 33 6 53 6 47 7 18 6 12 4 29 7 22 3 a 4 4 - 24 3 21 1 31 22 9 2 11 8 3 - 41 27 14 2 17 8 9 i 19 - 19 17 1 1 - 3 i 2 2 4 2 2 2 8 7 4 4 4 4 _ 11 9 1 _ _ - 6 2 13 8 2 2 1 1 1 _ - _ - - 2 2 - “ 17 17 17 - 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - ~ ” - - - 8 8 - - 43 7 36 2 - _ _ _ _ - - - - - 1 1 2 4 6 .0 0 2 5 5 .5 0 2 2 0 .0 0 _ - - _ - - - 2 2 1 1 4 3 1 17 4 13 13 6 7 16 3 13 3 1 2 3 1 2 4 3 1 12 1 11 12 8 4 5 5 - 25 23 2 i 1 1 63.001 61 .5 0 1 87.50- 2 0 8 .0 0 215.00 293.00 - _ 15 15 “ 7 6 10 9 9 6 - 20 16 5 26 25 7 10 8 4 8 7 3 _ - 7 5 i 2 2 2 2 1 - 2 2 2 - 1 55 .0 0 1 7 3 .5 0 141 .5 0 156 .0 0 - 1 7 1 .5 0 2 3 5 .0 0 - “ 18 4 34 6 26 5 18 7 10 4 5 2 3 3 3 3 1 - i “ 14 14 2 2 _ - 8 - 1 9 4 .0 0 1 9 0 .0 0 1 9 8 .0 0 1 9 1 .0 0 150.00142.00- 2 0 4 .5 0 2 0 1 .0 0 - - 5 5 2 2 i i 2 1 4 3 13 13 2 - - i 1 - - 3 3 4 - 10 10 - - 40.0 40.0 1 9 2 .5 0 187.00 1 6 0 .5 0 1 5 0 .5 0 1 29.001 29.00- 2 2 7 .0 0 2 2 0 .5 0 10 10 3 3 4 4 2 2 - 2 1 2 - 3 1 t - - 1 - - - 309 58 251 6A 39.0 39. 5 39.0 38. 5 1 5 1 .5 0 1 8 4 .0 0 1 4 4 .0 0 1 8 6 .5 0 1 3 3 .0 0 2 0 2 .5 0 1 3 1 .5 0 1 8 1 .5 0 125 .0 0 1 45.50125.00147 .5 0 - 9 3 6 6 6 1 5 5 2 2 2 11 6 5 5 5 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 26 26 - 4 2 2 1 - - 45 40. 0 191.00 2 1 7 .5 0 150 .0 0 - i 2 2 2 - - 26 1 - - - - 9 4 5 5 3 2 2 i i _ - 24 _ - - - - 3 2 1 24 2 2 2 - 2 - _ _ - _ - - - - * 1 8 2 .5 0 * 1 6 0 . 0 0 - 4 2 3 3 . 0 0 1 7 0 . 0 0 - 2 5 3 .0 0 2 1 8 .5 0 1 5 5 . 0 0 - 2 0 7 .0 0 1 75 .0 0 1 7 4 .5 0 - 293.00 2 0 1 . OC - - _ - - ~ 1 6 5 .0 0 2 1 7 .5 0 1 4 1 .5 0 234.50 - 8 4 4 2 1 7 .5 0 - - 39.0 39.0 39.0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 5 6 .5 0 1 4 3 .5 0 1 3 1 .5 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 25.00125.00125.00- 142.00 1 8 5 .3 0 1 4 0 .5 0 F I L E C LE R K S........................................................... NONMANUFACTURING...................................... 231 222 39.5 3 9. 5 1 2 3 .0 0 1 2 1 .5 0 1 1 7 .5 0 1 1 7 .5 0 116 .0 0 116 .3 0 - 125.00 1 2 5 .0 0 - - - 116 6 110 1 62 3 59 12 34 3 31 5 1 5 5 8 4 4 115 6 109 57 2 55 29 2 27 8 2 6 4 i 3 - 80 77 10 10 i 1 7 7 _ _ - 127 125 - - 1 - - C ............................... 202 39. 5 1 1 9 .5 0 1 1 6 .5 0 116.00- 1 2 4 .5 0 - 124 70 8 MESSENGERS............................................................. n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ....................................... 32 27 39. 5 4 0. 0 1 2 7 .5 0 1 2 8 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 0 . CO 119 .5 0 120 .0 0 - 125.50 1 2 6 .3 0 1 1 8 4 16 16 4 4 1 1 - SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS.................................. NONMANUFACTURING....................................... 67 59 39.0 39. 5 1 4 0 . CO 1 3 5 .5 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 129.00129 .0 0 - 1 3 9 .5 0 1 3 8 .5 0 - 4 4 17 15 31 31 4 4 1 See footnotes at end of ta b le s . OF — OOLlARS» 130 26 A 27 237 CL AS S (I N 120 T Y P I S T S . CL AS S R......................................... MANUFACTURING.............................................. NONMANUFACTURING....................................... CLERKS. EARNINGS 110 100 AN o _ - FILE WEEKLY under S E C R E T A R I E S ........................................................... MANUFACTURING.............................................. n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ...................................... PU BLI C U T I L I T I E S .................................. SECRETARIES. OF UORKERS 3 1 “ 2 2 - - * _ _ - . - - - - - " 4 3 1 1 - 1 24 24 24 - _ - " “ - - 4 4 2 2 - 4 4 2 2 “ - - - - - - “ - - - - - “ - - - - - “ " - - “ - “ ” “ ” 1 1 “ ~ - Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers, Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979— Continued """weeklyTarnln^1 """" (standard) Oc cu p a ti o n and in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of woikei* Average weekly hours1 (standard] Mean2 Median2 NUNRER OF WORKERS RECEIVING Middle range 2 100 AND UNDER 110 STRAIGHT- TIME WEEKLY EARNIN6S (IN 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 270 290 310 330 350 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 2 20 230 240 250 270 290 310 330 350 370 21 21 22 22 42 2 40 17 4 13 9 7 2 9 1 8 2 1 1 10 3 7 5 1 4 6 6 “ 1 1 * _ - 3 3 2 2 5 5 1 1 5 5 “ 145 26 119 39. 5 1 1 4 5 .0 0 39. 5 171.50 39.5 1 3 9 .0 0 ORDER CLERKS....................................................... MANUFACTURING............................................. 11? 51 39.5 «0.0 146.00 155.50 135.00 138.00 125.501 26.00- 1 6 0 .0 0 1 9 8 .0 0 5 - 19 9 10 8 39 12 7 4 4 2 2 2 12 - ORDER CLERKS* CLASS R............................ MANUFACTURING............................................. 135 5C 40.0 40.0 147.50 154.50 135.00 138.00 1 28.001 25.00- 1 6 2 .0 0 1 9 0 .0 0 _ 19 9 10 8 39 12 6 4 4 2 2 2 12 - * 3 3 ACCOUNTING CLERK S........................................... MANUFACTURING............................................. n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ...................................... PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ................................. 50? 131 371 37 39.5 3 9. 5 40.0 39.5 160.00 175.50 1 5 4 .5 0 159.50 150.00 159.50 148.00 159.50 130 .0 0 133 .0 0 1 30.001 45.00- 1 7 9 .5 0 2 2 5 .5 0 1 7 3 .0 0 1 7 6 .0 0 _ - 8 8 - 70 25 45 2 105 18 87 3 57 11 46 8 50 12 38 6 42 7 35 7 45 6 39 8 35 5 30 2 21 8 13 “ 22 22 ” 3 2 1 “ ACCOUNTING CLERKS* CLASS A................ MANUFACTURING............................................. NONMANUFACTURING...................................... 130 45 85 40.0 40.0 40.0 192.50 2 2 0 .5 0 1 7 8 .0 0 184.00 227.00 176.50 172 .5 0 191 .0 0 170 .0 0 - 2 2 0 .0 0 2 5 8 .0 0 2 0 0 .0 0 - 2 2 2 5 3 5 1 4 31 2 29 11 2 9 9 8 1 18 - 18 ~ ACCOUNTING c l e r k s , c l a s s r ................ MANUFACTURING............................................. NONMANUFICTURINE...................................... PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ................................. 372 86 286 29 39. 5 39.0 40.0 39.5 1 4 8 .5 0 152.00 147.50 155.00 140.00 140.00 140.00 151.00 130 .0 0 127 .0 0 130 .0 0 145 .0 0 - 1 6 0 .0 0 1 6 5 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 1 6 9 .0 0 12 12 4 4 PAYROLL CLERKS.................................................. MANUFACTURING............................................. NONMANUFACTURING...................................... 70 25 A5 39.5 39.5 39. 5 1 6 9 .0 0 1 92 .5 0 156.00 150.00 181.00 145.00 1 40.001 66.00139 .0 0 - 1 9 1 .0 0 2 1 7 .5 0 1 6 7 .0 0 3 1 2 KEY ENTRY OPERATORS: MANUFACTURING.. ........................................ 58 39.5 1 7 2 .5 0 163.00 1 35.50- KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS A ........... MANUFACTURING............................................. 5C 26 39.5 39.5 1 8 7 .5 0 197.00 170.30 200.50 160.00160.00- ~ * KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CL»SS RZ m a n u f a c t u r i n g ............................................. 32 39.5 153.00 152.00 130 .0 0 - 1 6 6 .5 0 $ 12 6.50-4157.50 1 5 4 . 0 0 - 1 9 9 .0 0 1 2 6 . C 0 - 1 4 0 .5 0 - “ - 2 5 3 - 6 6 68 25 43 2 100 18 82 3 54 11 43 8 40 7 33 4 37 6 31 5 14 4 10 5 24 3 21 2 1 1 - 3 1 2 15 3 12 15 1 14 3 1 2 10 5 5 1 1 - “ 4 2 2 2 0 5 .0 0 ~ - 4 12 4 5 ii 4 2 2 2 0 .0 0 2 2 6 .0 0 _ _ - - i i 3 2 2 2 2 1 17 4 2 1 4 2 3 10 2 4 7 3 _ See footnotes at end of tables. - 10 5 5 - OF — 110 SWITCHBOARD OPERATORR ECE PT IO NIS TS .................................................. MANUFACTURING............................................. NONMANUFACTURING...................................... $136.30 161.00 134.00 DOLLA RS ! 4 * 1 1 - - - - - - - 4 4 ~ - - - - - _ - - - _ - _ - - _ - _ - - - - _ _ _ - - - - - - 4 4 - “ “ “ 21 15 6 “ 3 2 1 1 8 8 “ 12 12 _ “ - - - 11 5 6 3 2 1 8 8 “ 12 12 “ * 3 2 1 10 10 - - - - 2 2 “ 4 2 2 5 3 2 2 1 1 - - 1 1 " 3 1 9 - 1 1 15 9 - - “ “ 3 “ - “ ” “ “ “ - “ - - “ - - - - 1 1 - - - “ 1 1 1 “ “ “ 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - “ “ Table A-2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers, Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979 Weekly earnings1 (standard) O c c u p a t io n and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers Average weekly hours1 (standard] Mean2 COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS ( B U S I N E S S ) .......................................................... NONMANUFACTURINE...................................... 90 80 AO. 0 * 3 6 0 .0 0 AO. 0 3 60 .5 0 COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS ( B U S I N E S S ) , CLASS A............................... NONMANUFACTURINE...................................... AD 36 AO. 0 AC. 0 Median2 * 3 6 4 .0 0 3 6 8 .5 0 4 0 3 .5 0 4 0 6 .5 0 3 7 8 .5 0 3 8 0 .0 0 NUMBER OF Middle range 2 *330.50-*39A.50 3 2 7 . 5 0 - 3 9 4 .5 0 345 .0 0 345 .0 0 - 4 6 0 .3 0 4 6 0 .0 0 WORKERS RECEIVING EARNINGS (I N OF — DOLLARS) 120 130 1 40 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 130 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 - _ _ _ _ _ - 1 - 3 3 2 2 5 4 5 4 17 13 11 11 19 18 4 3 1 - 10 10 ” - 6 6 6 6 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - i i 14 11 5 5 4 4 3 3 “ “ 1 6 6 *6 6 - - _ _ 32 AO. 0 3 60 .0 0 3 7 5 .0 0 3 27.50- 3 9 4 .5 0 - COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) . . . . NONMANUFACTURINE...................................... 169 154 AO. 0 AD. 0 2 8 9 .0 0 2 90 .5 0 2 8 8 .5 0 2 9 6 .5 0 249 .5 0 253 .0 0 - 3 20 .0 0 3 2 0 .0 0 _ _ _ _ _ - - “ - COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) . CLASS A............................................................. 62 A3. 0 3 3 8 .0 0 3 4 1 .0 0 3 05.00- 3 6 7 .5 0 - COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) , CLASS B............................................................. NONMANUFACTURINE...................................... 72 67 AO. 0 AO. 0 2 8 2 .5 0 2 8 1 .5 0 287.00 2 8 7 .0 0 255 .0 0 255 .5 0 - 3 07 .5 0 3 0 7 .5 0 - - 15B 27 131 4C.0 39.0 AO. 0 1 9 5 .0 0 2 3 0 . CO 1 8 8 .0 0 1 8 0 .9 0 2 1 9 .0 0 1 8 0 .0 0 163 .0 0 1 67.001 63.00- 2 15 .0 0 2 3 8 .5 0 2 0 7 .0 0 - R............. 105 AO. 0 1 9 9 .0 0 1 8 7 .0 0 1 65.00- 2 13 .0 0 COMPUTER OPERAT ORS . CLASS C ............. NONMANUFACTURINE...................................... 4? 31 3 9. 5 AO. 0 1 7 4 .5 0 1 6 3 .5 0 1 6 2 .0 0 1 6 2 .0 0 158.00158.00- 1 8 0 .0 0 1 75 .0 0 - DRA FT E RS .................................................................. NONMANUFACTURINE...................................... 126 76 39.5 AO. 0 2 5 2 . DO 2 0 7 .0 0 2 4 8 .0 0 204.00 1 98.00169 .5 0 - 3 0 8 .5 0 2 4 5 .3 0 1 1 5» 39. 5 2 5 1 .0 0 250.00 232 .0 0 - 2 7 8 .0 0 _ PROGRAMMERS weekly 110 ANO UNDER 120 COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS ( B U S I N E S S ) , CL ASS 9 ............................... COMPUTER STRAIGHT -TIME _ " “ 480 ANO OVER - - - - 1 1 5 3 2 6 1* “ “ “ ~ “ 24 19 13 12 19 16 13 13 19 17 32 32 15 15 9 9 10 7 6 6 7 6 - - - - ~ 2 2 “ “ - ~ - - - - 5 2 16 8 9 10 6 6 “ ” “ - - - - - 8 8 16 13 8 8 16 15 16 16 7 7 - - - 1 ” “ “ 16 3 13 10 1 9 1 1 1 1 " _ “ “ 1 1 2 2 - ” ~ " 26 5 21 i i - 29 3 26 - - 55 3 52 _ - 16 7 9 . - - - - 3 38 23 19 11 8 - - - - - - - ' 1 2 - - 13 9 17 16 6 6 5 - _ i _ _ - - - ~ - - - - - “ 6 6 5 5 7 7 10 9 6 5 18 17 22 6 3 2 6 i 2 2 20 - - - 2 14 19 2 4 “ ~ - (B U SIN ESS ). 2 2 0 .3 0 COMPUTER OPERATORS......................................... MANUFACTURINS.............................................. NONMANUFACTURINE...................................... COMPUTER DRA FT E RS . OPERAT ORS . CL ASS CLASS B ...................................... 4 4 “ 6 ii ii 7 - 5 “ ” ■ * W o r k e r s w e r e at $500 to $520. See footnotes at end of ta b le s . I 5 “ " ” - “ ' - Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979 Average (mean'*) O c cu p a t io n , O FF I CE s e x , 3 and in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Weekhr hours (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) O c c u p a t io n , SECRETARIES, class b. . n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ........... , class c. . 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.0 52 38 39.5 39.5 120 39.5 60 *0.0 m a n u f a c t u r i n g .................. n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ........... * 1 9 * .5 0 SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS................................. 1 8 7 .0 0 2 2 7 . 0 0 SWITCHBOARO OPERATORR E C E P T I O N I S T S .................................................. Weekly Weekly earnings1 hours1 (standard) (standard) O c cu p a ti o n, s e x . 3 and in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n 2 1 0 . 0 0 ORDER C L E R K S ....................................................... MA NU FA C TU R IN G .. ........................................ 1 9 1 .5 0 ORDER C L E R K S . CLASS R............................ MANUFACTURING............................................. 123 *5 39.5 39.0 1 9 8 .0 0 2 * 7 . 5 0 ACCOUNTING , class e. . MANUFACTURING.................. 143 50 39.5 39.0 1 8 7 .0 0 65 57 39.0 39.0 * 13 8 .5 0 1 33 .5 0 COMPUTER SYSTEMS PUBLIC 79 71 43.0 4C.0 * 36 3 .5 0 364.03 1*5 39.5 1 *5 .0 0 37 40.0 40.0 4 0 6 .0 0 406.53 25 43.3 3 6 8 .0 3 113 103 *0.0 304.00 3*5.00 51 48 4 C. Q 43.0 288.50 2 8 7 . OD OPERATORS......................................... 102 R3 *0.0 40.0 201.50 1 9 2 .0 0 COMPUTER OPERATORS. C LAS S R ............. NONMANUEACTURING...................................... 71 61 39.5 4C.0 203.00 1 9 3 .5 3 COMPUTER 39.5 1 46 .5 0 1 59 .5 3 94 *0.0 4C.0 1 *8 .0 0 COMPUTER 1 58 .5 0 ........................................... *78 39.5 U T I L I T I E S ................................. 37 39.5 1 59 .0 0 1 74 .0 3 1 53 .5 3 1 59 .5 0 COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS SYSTEMS ANALYSTS PROGRAMMERS »R U S I N E S S ) . . . . COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS COMPUTER NONMANUFACTURING........... *0 *0.0 181.00 GENERAL 29 40.0 180.50 T T P I S T S ........................................ MANUFACTURING.................. NONMANUFACTURING........... PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S . . . 30* 57 2*7 64 39.0 39.5 39.0 38.5 152.00 1 8 5 .0 0 1 * 4 .5 0 1 8 6 .5 0 44 *0.0 1 9 2 .0 0 PAYROLL CL ER K S .................................................. MANUFACTURING.............................................. NONMANUFACTURING...................................... T Y P I S T S . CLASS B............. . M A NU FAC TUR ING .. ............. . NONMANUFACTURING............ 260 27 233 39.0 39.0 39.0 1 * 5 .5 0 1 5 6 .5 0 1 * 4 .0 0 key F I L E CL ERK S................................ NONMANUFACTURING............ 231 222 39.5 39.5 1 2 3 .0 3 121.50 202 39.5 1 1 9 .5 0 TYPISTS. F IL E CLASS CLERKS. A............. CLASS C..< See footnotes at end of tab les MANUFACTURING.............................................. ACCOUNTING PUBLIC CLERKS. CLASS B .. . . . . . U T I L I T I E S ................................. 42 *0.0 351 39.5 29 39.5 39.5 2 18 .5 0 1 78 .0 0 <PUSINESS>. 1 *7 .0 0 1 52 .0 0 1 45 .5 3 1 55 .0 0 138 DRA FTE RS . entry 66 25 41 39.5 39.5 39.0 1 66 .0 0 1 92 .5 0 1 50 .0 0 58 39.5 1 72 .5 0 49 26 39.5 39.5 1 88 .5 3 1 97 .0 0 32 39.5 1 53 .0 0 operators: KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS R! MANUFACTURING............................................. Weekly earnings1 (standard) ANALYSTS NONMANUFACTURING...................................... 101 *0 clerks Weekly hour*1 (standard] PROFESSIONAL ANO TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN s t e n o g r a p h e r s .......................... STENOGRAPHERS. Number of workers NONPANU^ACTURINE............................ .. , class 0 .. NONMANUFACTURING........... PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S . . . secretaries secretaries s e x , 3 and in d u s tr y d i v i s i o n Number of workers O FF I CE OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— CONTINUED *74 143 331 60 Average (mean2) Average (mean2) OCCUPATIONS WOMEN S E C R E T A R I E S . . . . . .................. MANUFACTURING.................. NONMANUFACTURING........... PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S . . . secretaries Number of woiken CLASS R ...................................... PROFESSIONAL a n d OCCUPATIONS COMPUTER *0.0 218.50 5* 39.5 251.00 56 40.0 1 8 3 .5 0 29 *0.0 187.00 TECHNICAL WOMEN OPERATORS......................................... Table A-4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers, Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979 O c c u p a t io n and in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of workers Mean2 Hourly earnings * NUMBER Median2 3.70 3 .8 0 A NO UNDER 3.80 3 .9 0 Middle range 2 CAR PENTERS ............................... 35 *7.08 *7.89 *6.25- *7.95 MAINTENANCE E L E C T R I C I A N S .......................... MANUFACTURING.............................................. NONMANUFACTURING....................................... 137 83 54 8 . 40 8 .6 6 8.00 8 . 57 8.40 8 .57 6.9 96 .9 97 .2 4 - 10.45 10.45 8.57 MAINTENANCE m a c h i n i s t s ............................... MANUFACTURING.............................................. 46 43 6.88 6 . 82 6.94 6.94 6 .1 36 .0 5 - 7.49 7.49 MAINTENANCE MECHANICS ( M A C H I N E R Y ! . . MANUFACTURING.............................................. PUBL IC U T I L I T I E S .................................. 222 178 32 6.74 6 . 29 8.47 6 . 32 5 . 99 8 .57 5 .7 95 .7 98 .5 7- 7.46 6.68 8.67 MAINTENANCE MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MOTOR V E H I C L E S I ............................................ MANUFACTURING.............................................. NONMANUFACTURING....................................... PUBL IC U T I L I T I E S .................................. MAINTENANCE trades helpers ..................... 166 43 123 96 7.13 7 .12 7 .14 7.17 7 . 20 5.95 7 . 50 7.20 5 .9 55 .7 56 .5 06 .7 9- 7.75 10.22 7.75 7.75 51 4 . 98 4.99 4 .3 4- 5.57 - _ WORKER* RECEIVING of - _ hourly earnings iin dollars ! of— 3.90 A . 00 4 . 2 0 4.40 4.60 4 .80 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .40 5 .80 6.20 6.60 7.00 7.40 7.80 8 .2 0 8 .6 0 9.00 9.40 9.00 4.20 4 .40 4 .60 4.80 5.00 5 .2 0 5.40 5.80 6.20 6.60 7.00 7 .4 0 7.80 8.20 8.60 9.00 9.40 9 .8 010.2010.60 - - - - - - - - - 4 i - i 18 - - - i 2 i i _ 8 5 3 9 8 i 17 9 8 10 7 3 6 6 9 9 7 2 5 - - - - 31 3 28 6 6 6 6 7 9 9 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 1 1 - 6 53 53 35 35 23 23 16 15 1 ii 9 2 23 23 ” ~ 14 27 - 14 15 17 5 12 10 16 40 _ 16 16 40 27 9 9 9 “ 6 6 4 - 5 - - - 2 2 4 4 - - - 12 12 - - - * _ _ _ 8 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ i i 11 11 2 2 6 2 4 4 7 4 3 3 11 5 6 1 14 11 3 3 3 9 1 - 1 1 - ~ 23 23 . - 1 1 3 3 - - - - R - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8 - 3 _ - - 8 R - - - 1 5 6 - 10 _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - 2 2 4 4 _ 6 6 _ - ST ATIONARY e n g i n e e r s .................................... MANUFACTURING.............................................. 34 34 6 . 56 6. 56 6.00 6.00 5 .8 05 .8 0- 6.71 6.71 - - - BOILER TENDERS ................................................... MANUFACTURING.............................................. 41 41 6 . 14 6.14 5 .5 2 5 .52 4.5 24 .5 2- 6.65 6.65 6 6 _ - _ - - - See footnotes at end of tables. s t r a ig h t - time 7 - - - 13 4 9 4 - * - - - - 39 39 “ - - - ” ” - 5 5 - 12 12 " _ 7 - • 7 7 “ - - - - - - - ” - 4 4 - - - - “ 7 7 “ - - 9 .8010.20 - Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers, Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979 2.90 3 .00 AND UNDER 3 . 0 0 3 . ID Occupation and industry division workers Mean 2 Median* Middle range 2 56 ST RAI GH T- TIME 3.10 3.20 3.40 3 .6 0 3.20 3.40 3.60 3 .8 0 HOURLY EARNIN6S (IN DOLLARS! OF — .p NUMBER OF WORKER*: RECEIVING W 00 o Hourly earnings * Number .0 0 4 .2 0 4.40 4.60 4 .8 0 5 .2 8 5.60 6 .0 0 6.40 6.80 7.20 7.60 8.00 8.40 8.80 4 .2 0 4.00 4 .20 4 .* 0 4.60 4 .8 0 5 .2 0 5.60 6.00 6 .4 0 6.80 7.20 7 .60 8.00 8.40 8.80 9.20 9 .6 0 2 42 1 41 10 45 11 34 15 10 7 3 - 42 1 41 37 67 48 19 15 143 100 43 - 26 21 5 - 40 37 3 - 3 - 174 - 3 17* 148 65 65 - - 14 14 35 35 35 1 1 1 “ 5 - 1 - _ _ - - 4 - 2 2 15 17 8 22 - 3 - 4 29 89 37 26 - 14 1 - 18 3 - 1 - - - - - 1 1 4 4 TRUCKORIVERS....................................................... MANUFACTURING............................................. NONNANUFACTURING...................................... PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ................................. 1 .2 7 1 251 1 *029 302 S 4.92 5 .16 * .87 6.28 *4.25 5 . 20 3.75 7 . 20 *3.464.8 03 .2 54.6 C- *6.35 5.59 7.20 7.20 56 " 31 1 3D “ 18 18 “ 185 185 6 63 18 45 18 204 3 201 18 TRUCKDRIVERS* LIGHT TRUCK.................. NONNANUFACTURING...................................... 121 110 3. 23 3.05 3.00 2.97 2.9 02 .9 0- 3 .15 3.13 56 56 20 20 17 17 5 5 6 6 5 5 - TRUCKORIVERS. MEDIUM TRUCK............... 539 * .5 1 3.75 3.2 5- 5.40 11 1 150 5 169 2 6 26 TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK.................. 202 *.50 4.80 3.7 4- 5.20 - - 18 32 10 - 20 - TRUCKORIVERS. T R A C T O R - T R A I L E R .. . . NONMANUFACTURING...................................... PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ................................. 332 291 16D 6.10 6.14 5 .7 3 6 .1C 7.20 4.90 4.6 04 .6 04.6C- 7.20 7.60 7.20 - - - 6 6 “ 2 2 “ 14 14 12 ” 14 14 9 18 16 15 3 3 - 35 35 35 1* 13 13 SH IP PER S................................................................. NONMANUFACTURING..................................... 81 66 *.78 *.73 * . 65 *.70 4 .2 53.9 *- 5.00 5.00 _ - - - - - - 1 “ 6 6 11 11 i i 3 2 16 13 3 - 24 24 - 11 4 R EC EI VER S .............................................................. NONMANUFACTURING...................................... 10B 58 6 .15 *.70 5.71 4.75 4.7 53.8 1- 8.55 4 .75 - 1 1 5 5 1 1 5 5 1 1 3 3 i - 3 - 30 28 2 2 1 1 6 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 _ _ _ - - - 40 - _ - - - SHIPPERS AND R EC EI V E R S .............................. NONMANUFACTURING..................................... 63 56 * .6 1 * . 35 * . *5 4 . 24 3.7 43.7 4- 4 .90 4.90 _ - 1 1 - 6 6 20 20 - i i 6 6 - 2 2 3 - 4 - - _ _ _ - - 4 4 _ - 16 16 _ - - - - - - - WAREHOUSEMEN....................................................... MANUFACTURING............................................. NONMANUFACTURING...................................... PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ................................. 591 321 27C N5 * .59 *.77 * . 38 6.*5 * . 60 5.01 3.75 5 .61 3.7 2*.* 03.2 9*.6 0- 5.10 5 .23 4.60 7.62 3 23 23 “ 25 8 17 “ 68 56 12 “ 66 66 ” 1*6 128 18 “ 48 40 8 i i - 16 16 6 - _ - - - 5 5 5 - ~ M 40 1 1 6 4 2 ~ _ 3 “ 25 25 - - - - 11 11 11 ORDER F I L L E R S .................................................... MANUFACTURING.................. .. NONMANUFACTURING..................................... 222 62 160 5 .0 6 *.32 5. 3* 4« 80 3.65 4 . 80 3.6 53 .C 4 4 .8 0 - 6.82 5.88 6.82 16 16 * - 4 4 28 28 2 2 20 20 “ 59 59 2 2 24 24 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - MATERIAL HANDLIN6 LABORERS..................... MANUFACTURING............................................. NONMANUPACTURING...................................... 556 301 255 * .7 1 * . 41 5.07 4 . *0 4 . 24 5.00 3 .2 4 3.1 94.0 0- 5 .36 * .7 t 6.72 38 35 3 50 16 34 51 *2 9 8 2 6 52 50 2 6 23 - 70 33 37 2 2 - 4 4 _ _ - - FOR KL IFT OPERATORS........................................ MANUFACTURING............................................. NONMANUFACTURING..................................... 385 291 94 5 . 64 5.66 5.56 5.02 5 . 28 *.95 4.5 54.5 54.8 5- 6.87 8 .52 6.87 14 14 - i i 3 3 “ 6 6 1* 1* - _ - 78 78 - GUARDS..................................................................... m a n u f a c t u r i n g ............................................. NONMANUFACTURING...................................... 649 120 529 3. 30 4. 27 3. 08 2 . 90 *.25 2.90 2 .9 C3 .2 0 2.9C- 3 .20 4.50 2 .92 443 443 35 24 11 4 4 28 15 13 GUARDS. CLASS B........................................... MANUFACTURING............................................. NONMANUFACTURING...................................... 5*9 112 *37 3. 25 4 . 28 2.99 2 . 90 * . 25 2.90 2 .9 0 — 3.2 02 .9 0- 3 .05 4.50 2.90 395 395 34 24 10 - JA NI TO R S. PORTERS. AND C L F A N E R S . . . . MANUFACTURING.................. .......................... NONMANUFACTURING...................................... PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ................................. l .5 9 8 193 1 .* 0 5 *3 3 .2 5 *.35 3.10 * .5 0 2 . 90 * . 2* 2 .90 *.16 2 .9 03 .4 52 .9 03.4 1- 3 .1 0 4 .76 3.00 5.19 1003 30 973 1 182 3 179 1 54 1 53 5 - “ - - _ 21 21 - 14 14 - - - “ - - - - 14 48 24 24 59 47 12 18 17 1 23 18 12 6 13 9 4 51 51 - 48 15 33 55 55 _ 1 1 ~ 14 6 13 13 “ 46 45 1 - 25 25 22 _ _ - - 23 11 12 9 20 2 18 6 2 4 2 1 1 21 12 9 16 11 5 49 34 15 - 12 12 “ " 20 15 5 11 2 9 3 1 1 10 7 3 34 34 - - 3 19 ii 8 12 12 - - 64 7 57 4 63 31 32 2 23 7 4 3 34 19 15 8 8 7 1 1 30 24 6 4 31 26 5 52 25 27 9 IB 18 See footnotes at end of tables. 2 “ 8 23 2 9 - _ _ 1 1 " _ _ - _ _ _ 67 - - - - 2 - - 76 76 76 65 65 - _ - 1 1 - 14 14 ~ - _ _ _ - - 39 _ - - 39 - - _ 3 - “ _ _ - - - 1 1 - 33 33 - - - - _ - 7 7 - 3 3 _ - - - - - - 7 7 - 6 6 6 - - 16 16 - 6 6 - - - _ - - _ 4 4 - _ - 67 19 19 - _ 98 - 57 57 _ _ 5 2 3 - 3 - _ _ _ - - - - - _ - - - 3 3 _ - _ - - - - - “ “ Table A-6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, powerplant, material movement, and custodial workers, by sex, Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979 Oc cu p at io n , s e x , 3 and ind u s tr y d i v is io n Number of workers Average (mean2) hourly earnings4 O c cu p a ti o n, s e x , 3 and in d u s tr y d i v is io n MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - NE N-- C0NTINUE0 MAINTENANCE. t o o l r o o m » * NO POWERPLANT OCCUPATIONS - MEN *7.01 63 57 <*.56 * .56 86 6.05 AND R E C E I V E R S .............................. 5* 51 *.53 9.91 WAREHOUSEMEN....................................................... MANUFACTURING............................................. 572 321 *.55 *.77 ORDER F I L L E R S .................................................... 216 156 5 .1 1 5.90 NONMANUFACTURING...................................... NONMANUFACTURING...................................... E LE C TR IC IA N S ......................... 137 NONMANUFACTURING..................................... 5a 8 . DO A6 «3 6.88 8.82 222 178 32 6.79 6.29 8 . A7 U T I L I T I E S . . . ......................... l 66 A3 123 96 7.13 7.12 7.1A 7.17 h e l p e r s .................... so A . 96 MAINTENANCE MAINTENANCE m a c h i n i s t s .............................. m a n u f a c t u r i n g ............................................. MAINTENANCE PUBLIC MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (M A C H I N E R Y ). . U T I L I T I E S . . . ............. ••••• PUBLIC MAINTENANCE 8.*3 mechanics manufacturing. . ........................................ trades ENGINEERS................................... 3A 3A 6 .56 6 .56 BOILER TENOERS............. .. ................................. M A N U F A C T U R I N G . . . . . ................................ A1 A1 6 .1 A 6.1 A STATIONARY material movement and OCCUPATIONS - Average Number (mean2) of hourly workers earnings 4 SHIPPERS 2*5 5.11 OPERATORS........................................ 372 5.63 NONMANUFACTURING...................................... *96 3 .0 8 GUARDS. CLASS 8 ........................................... MANUFACTURING............................................. 52* 111 *13 3.26 *.2* 2.99 ANO C L E A N E R S . . . . 786 3 .** NONMANUFACTURING...................................... 651 29 3.22 9 .99 796 58 738 3 .03 4.01 2.96 FO R KL IFT custodial MFN M A N U F A C T U R I N G . . . . . ................................. NONMANUFACTURING..................................... PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ................................. 1 .2 3 1 2AS 986 302 A . 87 5 .16 A . 80 J A N IT O R S . 6.28 TRUCKDRIVERS* LIGHT TRUCK.................. NONMANUFACTURING..................................... 115 105 3 .2 2 3.09 TRUCKORIVERS. MEDIUM TRUCK................ 51C A . 36 TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK.................. 197 9.98 TRUCK DRI VERS. TRACTOR-TRA I L F R . . . . NONMANUFACTURING..................................... PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ................................. 332 291 16D 6.10 6 .1 A 5 .73 PORTERS. MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN J A N IT O R S , porters, and cleaners. ... m a n u f a c t u r i n g ............................................. NONMANUFACTURING...................................... See footnotes at end of tables. 9 Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings for selected occupational groups. Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, V a.—N.C., for selected periods Industry and occupational group 5 May 1975 May 1976 May 1977 to to to to May 1976 Mav 1977 Mav 1978 Mav 1979 7.7 (6 ) (‘ ) 6.2 7.3 7.7 (6 ) (6 ) 9.2 8.2 8.1 11.0 (6 ) 7.9 5.3 (‘ ) 6) (6 ) ) (6 ) 10.0 8.7 r (6 ) (6 ) (6 ) 8.6 11.0 7.8 8.7 (6 ) (6 ) 3.0 May 1978 A ll industries: Unskilled plant workers . .................. ..... 6.4 (‘ ) (6 ) 7.5 7.0 Manufacturing: (6 ) Industrial nurses__________________________ ________ Unskilled plant w orkers______________________________ n M 5.3 (6 ) 8.3 10.4 9.3 6.0 (6 ) (6 ) 5.5 7.3 (6 ) (‘ ) 6.3 Nonmanufac tur ing: (*) (6 ) 8.2 See footnotes at end of tables. NOTE: A revised description for computer operators is being introduced in this area in 1979. The revised description is not considered equivalent to the previous description. Therefore, the earnings of computer operators are not used in computing percent increases for the electronic data processing group. 10 Table A-8. Average pay relationships within establishments for white-collar occupations, Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979 Office clerical occupation being compared— Occupation which equals 100 Typists Secretaries Stenographers, general Class B S E C R E T A R I E S . CL AS S 8 ----------------s e c r e t » r i e s . C L» SS C ----------------------------SE CR E TA R IE S « C LAS S 0 ----------------SECRET ARIES « CL AS S E ----------------------------STENOGRAPHERS. GENERAL ----------------------T Y P I S T S . C LAS S A----------------------------------------T Y P I S T S . C LAS S 8 ----------------------------------------F I L E C L E R K S . CL AS S C ----------------------------MESSENGERS ----------------------------------------------------------SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS -------------------------SWITCHBOARD OPERATORR E C E P T I O N I S T S ---------------------------------------------ORDER C L E R K S . CLASS 8--------------ACCOUNTING C L E R K S . CLASS A-----ACCOUNTING C L E R K S . CLASS B-----PAYROLL C LER K S ---------------------------KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS A— Class C 100 119 156 <61 (6) f 61 172 178 146 100 115 134 < 61 <61 152 (6 ) 166 141 <6 ) 125 150 148 138 135 (6) 139 127 126 112 (6 ) Class D Class E F ile clerks, class C Class A Class B M essen gers Sw itch board operators 100 121 129 (61 139 (6) 139 135 100 <61 110 (6 1 <6t (61 (6 1 100 (61 104 (61 (61 104 ICO 123 (61 132 107 100 (61 99 96 100 (61 <61 100 90 100 115 f 6) 98 116 114 99 107 (6 1 100 110 104 106 (61 (6 1 (61 100 91 (61 (61 €61 (61 110 (61 (61 85 €6) 73 97 83 (61 (61 86 (61 (61 (61 72 89 <61 77 85 86 (61 (61 (6 1 83 103 89 (61 Sw itch board op eratorrecep tionists A ccou n tin g clerks 100 98 83 100 92 80 103 (61 111 (61 81 Key entry operators, class A Payroll clerks Order clerks, class B Class A Class B 100 127 112 117 100 94 96 100 lie 100 Professional and technical occupation being compared— C om puter systems analysts (business) C om puter program mers (business) C om puter operators Drafters, class B Class A COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS ( B U S I N E S S ! . CL ASS A----------------COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS ( 8 U S I N E S S ) . CL AS S R----------------COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ! . CL AS S A----------------COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ! . CL AS S 8----------------COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) . CL ASS C----------------COMPUTER OPERATORS. CL ASS 8 ---COMPUTER OP ERATORS. CL ASS C---D R A FT E R S . CL ASS 8 ---------------------- Class B Class A Class B Class C Class B Class C 100 115 (61 (61 103 124 (6) 100 (61 100 118 100 131 111 IOC 149 130 117 100 (6 1 194 250 150 (61 (61 215 (61 (61 152 194 (61 (61 131 165 (61 100 See footnote at end of tables. NOTE: Tables A -8 and A -9 present the average pay relationship between pairs of occupations within establishm ents. For example, a value of 122 indicates the earnings for the occupation directly above in the heading are 22 percent greater than earnings for the occupation directly to the left in the stub. Sim ilarly, a value of 85 indicates earnings for the occupation in the heading are 15 percent below earnings for the occupation in the stub. See appendix A for method of computation. 11 Table A-9. Average pay relationships within establishments for blue-collar occupations, Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979 Maintenance, toolroom , and powerplant occupation being compared— O c cu p a t io n w hic h equa ls 100 M ech an ics Carpenters E lectricians M achinists Trades helpers M achinery 100 94 90 MAINTENANCE CARPENTERS------------MAINTENANCE E L E C T R I C I A N S ---------MAINTENANCE MACHINISTS ------------MAINTENANCE MECHANICS ( MACHINERY! ------------------------------maintenance 100 99 B oiler tenders Stationary engineers M otor veh icles 100 (61 105 111 100 (61 115 (6) (6) 105 (6) (6) (6 ! 112 (61 (61 192 97 141 99 (6) m echanics (MOTOR V E H I C L E S ) ---------------------MAINTENANCE TRADES HELPERS -----ST ATIONARY ENGINEERS ----------------BOILER TENDERS---------------------------- 100 139 102 (61 100 (6 1 (6 » 100 (6) 100 M aterial movement and custodial occupation being compared— Truckdrivers Shippers Light truck TRUCKDRIVERS. LIGHT TRUCK-------TRUCK0RIVERS. MEDIUM TRUCK-----TR UCK0RIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK-------TRUCKDRIVERS. TR AC TO R -T R AI LE R . SHIPPERS -------------------------------------REC EI VER S------------------------------------SHIPPERS AND R E C E I V E R S ------------WAREHOUSEMEN---------------------------------------------------0R0ER F I L L E R S ------------------------------------------------MATERIAL HANDLING LAR0RERS ----------FO RKL IFT OPERATORS ---------------------------------GUARDS. CLASS R------------------------------------------J A NI TO R S. PO RT ER S. AND CLEANERS ------------------------------------------------------------- M ediu m truck H eavy truck R eceiv ers Sh ip p ea and receivers W a rehousemen Order fillers T ractor-trailer M aterial han dling laborers F orklift operators Guards, class B 130 (61 (61 (61 (6) 97 (6) 111 (6) (6) 110 (61 100 (6) 99 (6) (6) (6) 101 (61 121 110 117 100 (6) (6) (61 (6) (61 (6) (61 (61 (61 (61 (6) (6 ) 115 (6) 116 115 160 100 99 (6 ) 116 114 114 1C7 (61 100 (6) 116 119 114 108 (61 100 (6> (61 (6* (6 • (6) 100 (61 114 97 127 100 104 97 (61 103 95 111 100 114 100 102 14C (61 137 106 112 166 116 105 111 109 110 Janitors, porters, and clean ers too 100 See footnote at end of tables. NOTE: Tables directly above in the are 15 percent below See appendix A A - 8 and A - 9 present the average pay relationship between pairs of occupations within establishments. For example, a value of 122 indicates that earnings for the occupation heading are 22 percent greater than earnings for the occupation directly to the left in the stub. Sim ilarly, a value of 85 indicates earnings for the occupation in the heading earnings for the occupation in the stub. for method of computation. 12 E s ta b lis h m e n t p ra ctice s and su p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p ro v isio n s Table B-1. Minimum entrance salaries for inexperienced typists and clerks, Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979 I n ex per ien ce d typists M i n i m u m w e e k ly s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r y 7 ES TA BLISHMENTS HAVING ESTABLISHMENTS MINIMUM UNDER S10C.00 *100.00 *105.00 *110.00 *115.00 *120.00 *125.00 *130.00 *135.00 *140.00 *1*5.00 *150.00 *155.00 *160.00 *165.00 *170.00 *175.00 *180.00 *185.00 *190.00 *195.00 *200.00 *205.00 *210.00 *215.00 *220.00 *225.00 AND AND AND AND AND AND A NO AN0 AN0 AND AND AN0 AND AND ANO AND AND ANO ANO ANO AND AND ANO AND ANO AND ESTABLISHMENTS MINIMUM STUDIED ------------------- under UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNOER UNDER UNOER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNOER UNOER UNDER UNOER *105.00 *110.03 *115.00 *120.00 *125.03 *130.00 *135.03 *1*0.00 *1*5.00 *150.00 *155.00 *160.00 * 1 6 5 . OD *170.00 *175.00 * 180.00 *185.00 *190.00 *195.00 *200.03 *205.03 *210.00 *215.00 *220.00 *225.00 *230.00 HAVING A ll in d us tr ie s O t h e r in e x p e r ie n c e d c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s 8 No nm a nu fa ctu ri n g 4 0 -ho ur sche du le -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Non ma nuf ac tur ing 4 0 -ho ur sche dule A ll sch e d ul es All schedules A ll sch ed ule s 133 36 97 XXX 133 36 XXX 97 XXX 10 3 7 5 35 8 6 27 19 i - - - - _ 2 1 _ 2 1 - 1 2 1 12 7 1 2 - _ _ 11 6 i - _ A ll sch e d u le s 4 0 -ho ur sche du le 3 7 V2 -hour schedule XXX - - - - - - _ 3 1 3 3 2 2 1 - i 1 1 - 2 1 ~ 1 1 2 i i* 8 1 2 “ 2 1 - 1 - 1 - - 1 “ - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 i _ - _ - - - - - 1 1 1 - * 1 1 - 1 1 2 - - 1 1 1 - - % - - NO S P E C I FI E D ESTABLIS HM ENT S UHICH DID NOT EMPLOY WORKERS IN THI S CATEGORY ----------------- 9 ii* 1 8 XXX 50 13 XXX 37 XXX XXX 32 82 XXX *8 15 XXX 33 XX* XXX See footnotes at end of tables. A ll in d u s tr ie s M a n u fa c t ur in g A SPECIFIED ------ UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER UNDER Ma nu fac tu rin g 13 Table B-2. Late-shift pay provisions for full-time manufacturing production and related workers, Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979 J[A l^ _fu U ^ tim e_jn an u iactu rin £^ rodu ctior^ ^ n d_related_^ ork e £8_=J;OOj>ercent}> W o r k e r s on late shi fts A ll workers ’ Item Second shift T h i r d shift Second shift T h i r d shift PERCENT OF WORKERS IN ES TA BLISHMENTS WITH LAT E S H IF T PROVISIONS WITH NO PAY D IF FE RE NT I AL FOR LA TE SH IF T WORK WITH PAY D IF FE RE N TI AL FOR LATE SH IFT WORK — UNIFORM CENTS-PER-HOUR D I F F E R E N T I A L ----------UNIFORM PERCENTAFE D IF F E R E N T I A L -----------------OTHER D IF F E R E N T I A L ----------------------------------------AVERA6E 82.3 89.9 18.0 A .2 A .3 78.1 32.4 AA .5 1.1 2 .5 67.3 22.8 44.*; 1 .0 17.0 8.6 7 .9 .5 .4 3.8 3 .1 .7 12.3 7 .2 15.7 8 .8 11.8 6 .3 17.9 B .l PAY D IF FE R E N TI A L UNIFORM CENTS -PF R-HO UR D IF FE RE N TI AL -------------UNIFORM PERCENTAGE D IF FE R E N TI A L ---------------------PERCENT OF WORKERS BY TYPE AND AMOUNT OF PAY D IF F E R E N T I A L UNIFORM c e n t s - p e r - h o u r : 5 CENTS -----------------------------------------------------8 CENTS -------------------------------------------------------9 CENTS -------------------------------------------------------13 CENTS -----------------------------------------------------12 CENTS -----------------------------------------------------13 a n d UNDER 1« CENTS ------------------------------15 CENTS -----------------------------------------------------18 CENTS -----------------------------------------------------20 CENTS -----------------------------------------------------AO CENTS -----------------------------------------------------percentage: 3 AND UNDER A PERCENT ----------------------------5 PERCFNT ---------------------------------------------------6 PERCENT ---------------------------------------------------7 AND UNDER 8 PERCENT ------------------------------10 PERCENT -------------------------------------------------- A. 0 5 .4 3.4 3.9 2 .8 3.1 1 .0 - 8 .9 uniform l.C 15.5 - 14.2 13.8 See footnotes at end of tab les. 14 - 9 .4 1 .4 2. D 1 .8 2 .0 4 .4 1 .7 _ - 1 .0 16.8 26,7 .9 1 .9 .9 .9 .9 i.i •4 1 .7 .3 4 .3 2 .1 1.3 1 .0 .2 .3 .2 .3 .5 .5 _ .1 .3 .3 Table B-3. Scheduled weekly hours and days of full-time first-shift workers, Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979 Office w orkers P r o d u c t io n and r e la te d w o r k e r s It em A l l in d us tr ie s M a n u fa c t ur in g N o nm a nu fa c tu r in g P u b l i c ut il it ie s A l l in d us tr ie s M a n u fa c t u ri n g N o nm an ufa ctu ri ng P u b l i c ut ili ti es PERCENT OF WORKERS BV SCHEDULED WEEKLY HOURS AND DAYS WORKERS ------------------- 100 HO UR S - 5 O A V S ----------------------------------HO UR S - 5 P A Y S ----------------------------------HO UR S - 3 D A Y S ----------------------------------1/2 HO UR S - 5 D A Y S ---------------------------HOURS -----------------------------------------------* DAYS ---------------------------------------------5 DAYS ---------------------------------------------1/2 HOUR S-5 D A Y S ---------------------------HO UR S - 5 D A Y S ----------------------------------1/4 HO U R S- 5 DAYS ---------------------------1/2 HO U R S- 5 D A Y S ---------------------------HOUR S-5 DAYS ----------------------------------1/2 HOU RS -5 D A Y S ---------------------------HOURS-5 D A Y S ----------------------------------3/A HOUR S - 5 D A Y S ---------------------------HOURS -----------------------------------------------4 DAYS ---------------------------------------------5 DAYS ---------------------------------------------HOURS-5 DAYS ----------------------------------1/2 HOURS-5 DAYS ---------------------------HOURS-5 DAYS ----------------------------------HOURS-5 DAYS ----------------------------------HOURS-6 D A Y S ----------------------------------HOURS-5 DAYS ----------------------------------- 1 1 til) 111) 3 i 2 5 i 2 3 1 ALL 17 20 24 27 30 32 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 40 42 42 44 45 48 50 FULL-TINE IDO - 2 2 3 - 100 100 _ 1 2 1 111) 3 ~ 3 - 76 t in 76 1 2 til) 1 2 til) 93 93 2 f 11 t 64 til) 64 4 fill 1 3 39. C 39. 8 38.4 100 . _ 100 100 _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 i 4 4 2 100 92 92 til) til) fill 1 1 1 24 6 2 65 - 65 - - 1 25 4 73 70 til ) 111 1 1 1 1 24 7 2 64 64 - - 46 54 - 54 - - - - 8 - - - - - - - 3 9. 1 39.3 39.1 38. 8 - - AVERAGE SCHEDULED WEEKLY HOURS ALL WEEKLY WORK SCHEDULES ----------------- 40.4 See footnotes at end of tables. 15 Table B-4. Annual paid holidays for full-time workers, Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979 P r o d u c t io n and re la te d w o r k e r s Office w orkers Item A l l in d u s tr ie s PERCENT ALL F U L L - T IM E NUMBER No nm a nu fa ctu ri n g P u b l i c u t ili t ie s IDO 100 100 A l l in du str ies M a n u fa c t u ri n g No n m a nu fa c tu ri ng P u b l i c u t il it ie s OF WORKERS WORKERS -------------- IN ESTABLISHMENTS NOT PROVIOINF PAID HOLIDAYS -----------------------------IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING PAID HOLIDAYS -----------------------------AVERAGE M a n u fa c t u ri n g OF P A i n 100 7 - 13 93 1DC 87 8. 1 9.6 6 .9 - 100 100 (11) 100 100 <11 ) 100 99 100 99 100 8 .8 8.3 8 .3 8.3 9 .4 HOLIDAYS FOR UORKERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING HOLIDAYS --------------------PERCENT OF WORKFRS b y NUMBFR OF PAID HOLIDAYS PROVIDED 1 2 3 5 6 HOLIDAY ----------------------------------------HOLIDAYS --------------------------------------HOLIDAYS --------------------------------------HOLIDAYS --------------------------------------HCLIOAYS --------------------------------------PLUS 1 HALF DAY ------------------------PLUS 3 HALF DAYS ----------------------7 HOLIDAYS --------------------------------------PLUS 1 HALF DAY ------------------------8 HOLIDAYS --------------------------------------9 HOLIDAYS --------------------------------------PLUS 1 HALF DAY ------------------------PLUS 2 HALF DAYS ----------------------10 HOLIDAYS ------------------------------------11 HOLIDAYS ------------------------------------PLUS 2 HALF DAYS ----------------------13 HOLIDAYS ------------------------------------20 HOLIDAYS ------------------------------------- 1 3 5 1 21 1 “ 12 2 10 IS (11) 11 a i 5 2 4 8 2 11 ~ 13 32 14 2 2 3 5 2 30 (11) 18 3 9 2 1 8 6 2 18 (1 1) ” 13 10 “ 6 ~ 38 16 - 1 2 17 (11) (11) 10 1 4 83 4 i 12 3 (11) 1 _ _ 2 8 2 - 32 - 8 22 - 19 2 5 _ 1 2 18 (11 ) (11 ) 8 i 4 46 4 i ii 3 1 - S ee fo o tn o te s at en d o f ta b le s 15 1 _ 3 _ 1 - 6 - 52 21 - _ 13 " PERCENT OF WORKFRS RY TOTAL PAID HOLIDAY TIME PR OV IO En 12 1 OAY OR MORE ---------------------------------2 OAVS OR MORE -------------------------------3 DAYS OR MORE -------------------------------5 DAYS OR MORE -------------------------------6 DAYS OR MORE -------------------------------6 1/2 DAYS OR MORE ------------------------7 DAYS OR MORE -------------------------------7 1/2 DAYS OR MORE ------------------------8 DAYS OR MORE -------------------------------9 DAYS OR MORE -------------------------------9 1/2 DAYS OR MORE ------------------------10 DAYS OR MORE -----------------------------11 DAYS OR MORE -----------------------------12 OAYS OR MORE -----------------------------13 OAYS OR MORE -----------------------------20 0»YS -------------------------------------------- _ _ _ 93 91 89 84 83 62 61 49 47 37 22 21 11 6 5 5 100 ICO 98 94 94 86 84 74 74 61 29 29 14 13 13 13 87 85 82 77 78 44 44 31 28 19 17 16 8 2 - 100 100 100 100 100 82 82 70 70 60 60 58 16 99 99 99 99 97 80 80 69 68 68 21 17 4 i i 100 100 100 100 98 90 87 55 55 87 25 25 7 5 5 99 99 99 99 97 79 79 71 70 66 21 16 4 i _ 100 100 100 100 100 85 88 80 80 79 79 73 21 _ Table B-5. Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers, Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979 Office workers Production and related workers Item A l l in d us tr ie s PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TINE OF PAID N o nm a nu fa c tu r in g WORKERS ------------ VACATION IDO IDO ft _ 96 92 ft IDO 91 9 (111 100 100 6 N o nm an ufa ctu ri ng 100 100 100 - _ _ 100 99 i 10D 99 (111 (111 100 99 ( in 100 99 ( in ( in P u b li c ut ili t ie s 8 1A 2 (111 35 (111 - 7 33 (111 3 i 15 100 100 99 (ii i A F T E R ! 13 15 15 - 1 YEAR OF S E R V IC E ! UNDER 1 WEEK -------------------1 WEEK ------------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS 2 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS 3 WEEKS ----------------------------- 1 65 3 25 1 1 2 70 5 21 35 50 5 A3 - 25 2 6A 2 2 " “ . - 62 2 28 2 2 ~ 10 _ _ _ 80 9 9 - 30 3A - 8 36 (ii i 2 39 2? - 29 57 13 65 ~ “ - - 58 12 1 61 8 8 81 2 “ 5 (in 82 12 1 11 8ft 5 5 ( in 81 1A “ - 1 (111 86 1 (in 12 3 88 - 1 98 1 - 5 1 (111 85 1 13 1 85 1 1 12 2 83 10 5 1 85 i ( in 13 1 98 i 1 63 8 16 12 1 37 10 68 5 1 66 8 12 13 : 1 WEEK ------------------------------OVER I AND UNOER 2 WEEKS 2 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS 3 WEEKS ----------------------------- 56 1 1 3 YEARS OF S E R V I C E ! 1 WEEK ------------------------------OVER 1 AND UNOER 2 WEEKS 2 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS 3 WEEKS ----------------------------A WEEKS ----------------------------- 11 9 69 6 i i 13 19 53 13 2 “ 9 i 81 2 1 1 (111 88 9 - A YEARS OF S E R V I C E ! 1 WEEK ------------------------------OVER I AND UNDER 2 WEEKS 2 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS 3 WEEKS ----------------------------A WEEKS ----------------------------- 1C 8 70 6 i i 11 19 56 13 2 ” 9 i 80 2 1 1 i ( in 88 9 - 5 YEARS OF S F R V I C E ! 1 WEEK ------------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS 2 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 2 AND UNOER 3 WEEKS 3 WEEKS ----------------------------A WEEKS ----------------------------- 5 (111 58 10 22 1 1 55 18 26 “ 7 1 61 of M a n u fa c t u ri n g _ 11 1A 1 (111 years A l l in d us tr ie s 9ft 9ft (in (in 6 HONTHS OF S E R V I C E ! UNDER 1 WEEK -------------------1 WEEK ------------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS 2 WEEKS ----------------------------- 2 P u b l i c ut il it ie s WORKERS IN E ST A RL IS HN EN TS NOT PROVIDING PAID VACATIONS --------------------------IN E ST A RL IS HN EN TS PROVIOINE PAID VACATIONS --------------------------L E N G T H -O F -T I N E PAYHENT ---------PERCE NTA6E PAYHENT ----------------OTHER PAYHENT -------------------------AHOUNT M a n uf a c t ur in g 5 3A 1 servicf ft “ _ 71 9 19 ft 20 1 ~ See footnotes at end of tables. 17 ft 6 93 i - 87 13 Table B-5. Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers, Norfolk—Virginia Beach Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979— Continued P r o d u c t i o n and re la te d w o r k e r s Office w orkers Item A l l in d u s tr ie s M a n u fa c t u ri n g 5 No n m a nu fa c tu ri ng P u b l i c ut il it ie s A l l indus tr ies M a n u fa c t u ri n g N o nm a nu fa c tu r in g P u b l i c u t il it ie s AMOUNT OF P»IO VACATION AFTER CONTINUED io 12 is 20 year s of s e r v i c e : 1 WEEK ------------------------------2 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS 3 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER A WEEKS 4 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 4 AND UNDER 5 WEEKS 5 WEEKS ----------------------------- 23 1 59 6 3 1 28 1 53 13 4 - - - YEARS OF SE R V IC E : 1 WEEK ------------------------------2 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS 3 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER 4 WEEKS 4 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 4 AND UNOER 5 WEEKS 5 WEEKS ----------------------------- 5 15 1 65 6 a - i 13 3 64 13 7 7 16 (111 67 1 2 YEARS OF s e r v i c e : 1 WEEK ------------------------------2 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS 3 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER 4 WEEKS 4 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 4 ANO UNDER 5 WEEKS 5 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 5 ANO UNOER 6 WEEKS : 1 WEEK ------------------------------2 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS 3 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 3 AND UNOER « WEEKS 4 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 4 AND UNDER 5 WEEKS 5 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 5 AND UNDER 6 WEEKS 6 WEEKS ----------------------------years of “ 5 12 aa 2 33 - 7 19 (11) 64 1 2 5 (11 1 84 9 (11 I - 5 84 9 ( in - " 1 13 “ 43 43 - 1 _ 7 11 45 3 26 “ 1 5 68 9 16 25 YEARS OF S E R V IC E : 1 WEEK ------------------------------2 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 2 AND UNOER 3 WEEKS 3 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 3 AND UNOER 4 WEEKS 4 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 4 AND UNOER 5 WEEKS 5 WEEKS ----------------------------OVER 5 AND UNOER 6 WEEKS 6 WEEKS ----------------------------- S e e fo o tn o te s s 5 12 - 18 (11 ) 32 1 29 1 1 13 14 53 19 “ 1 13 13 33 - 41 - 7 ii 24 (111 42 1 6 1 “ 1 8 6 70 15 (11) 1 1 10 2 62 - _ 7 11 21 (111 31 1 20 1 5 12 18 9 54 - 18 95 - - 3 - i i 95 - 5 1 7 6 71 14 (111 “ 1 5 2 55 (111 24 (111 1 11 1 10 41 2 42 5 ” 1 5 3 57 22 (11 ) (11 ) 13 3 74 23 1 - 1 5 1 10 14 55 17 5 1 5 (ii i 18 ( in 62 (11 ) 1 13 (11 I i 10 1 5 (11 ) 16 (11 1 47 (11 ) 18 13 (11 1 (i 12 “ 71 9 ( in - 1 9 6 70 14 (11 ) 5 at end o f ta b le s . 1 19 57 19 _ service 12 20 <111 46 1 ii i “ 1 10 5 68 15 (11) 1 d 17 (11) 62 (11) 3 11 1 1 5 (in 16 (111 46 (i d 20 11 1 5 20 - 14 38 33 5 3 - 1 1 ~ ” 3 11 85 1 - 3 - 11 13 1 73 - Table B-5. Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers, Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979— Continued Production and related workers Office workers It em AMOUNT OF P*IO CONTINUFO 33 VACATION Manufacturing •5 12 ~ 1 13 ~ 13 Public utilities Nonmanufacturing All industries Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Public utilities A F T E R 13 - TEARS OF S E R V I C E :* 1 WEEK -----------------------------------------2 WEEKS ---------------------------------------OVER 2 »ND UNDER 3 WEEKS ---------3 WEEKS ---------------------------------------OVER 3 *N0 UNOPR « WEEKS ---------« WEEKS ---------------------------------------OVER <• »ND IJNDFR 5 W E E K S ---------5 WEEKS ---------------------------------------OVER 5 AND UNDER 6 WEEKS ---------6 WEEKS ---------------------------------------- * All industries IS (11 > 29 1 24 1 7 33 25 - 7 5 ii - - 21 <11» 27 1 2# 1 12 3 9 69 - 16 Estim ates of provisions for longer periods of service are identical. See footnotes at end of tables. 19 1 5 (111 16 (111 #5 (111 20 11 2 1 10 ia 37 25 1A i 5 (111 16 (111 46 ( i n 20 13 (111 - 3 - 11 - 7 1 78 - Table B-6. Health, insurance, and pension plans for full-time workers, Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979 P r o d u c t io n and re la te d w o r k e r s Office w orkers Item A l l in d u s tr ie s M anuf a c tu r ing N o nm a nu fa c tu r in g P u b l i c ut il it ie s A l l in du str ies M a n u fa c t u ri n g No n m a n u fa c tu r in g P u b l i c u t il it ie s PERCENT OF WORKERS WORKERS ------------------- IOC 130 IN eSTANLISMNENTS PROVIDING a t LEAST ONE OF THE RF NE E IT S SHOWN « E L 0 U u -------------------------------------- 9S L I F E INSURANCE ------------------------------------NONCONTRIRUTORV PLANS -------------------- R1 67 heath tun DISNENBERNENT i n s u r a n c e ------------------NONCONTRIRUTORV P L A N S --------- ----------- ALL FULL-TINE 100 100 100 ICO IDO 100 ICO 91 100 99 100 99 100 98 89 86 51 99 73 98 79 100 85 98 78 100 78 76 55 78 69 74 44 83 71 76 61 62 47 77 63 74 73 80 91 72 89 9tt R1 96 97 63 46 82 64 49 32 62 51 68 57 56 A3 70 59 59 59 36 33 9 7 LONG-TERN D IS A R I L IT V I N S U R A N C E ------------------------------- — --------NONCONTRIRUTORV PLANS -------------------- 27 1A HOSPITALIZATION I N S U R A N C E ---------- -----NONCONTRIRUTORV PLANS --------------------- accidental SICKNESS OR SICK ANC ACCIDENT INSURANCE OR BOTH >’ --------------------- leave SICKNESS AND ACCIDENT I N S U R A N C E ----------------- ---------------------NONCONTRIRUTORV PLANS ----------------SICK LEAVF (F UL L PAV AND NO WAITING PERIOD 1 ----------------------------SICK LEAVE (P ART IA L PAV OR WAITING PERIOD > ----------------------------- 38 61 68 60 69 94 ii 10 5 8 5 2 34 17 2? 12 35 32 A5 36 3A 16 46 39 58 55 92 55 ICC 73 86 43 99 63 99 5A 97 63 99 53 100 68 SUR6ICAL INSURANCE ----------------------------NONCONTRIRUTORV PLANS --------------------- 9? 56 IOC 73 87 43 99 63 99 5A 97 63 99 53 100 68 NEOICAL INSURANCE ------------------------------NONCONTRIRUTORV PLANS --------------------- 91 56 100 73 8A A3 99 63 98 54 97 63 98 53 100 68 RAJOR REOICAL INSURANCE --------------------NONCONTRIRUTORV PLANS --------------------- 8C 44 7A 48 85 A1 98 62 99 5» 97 62 99 53 100 68 DENTAL i n s u r a n c e --------------------------------NONCONTRIRUTORV PLANS --------------------- 22 1A 21 17 2A 13 55 21 38 8 23 20 40 6 75 15 RETIRE RENT P E N S I O N ----------------------------NONCONTRIRUTORV PLANS --------------------- 72 57 93 75 57 44 A5 19 67 53 92 66 6A 51 44 21 See footnotes at end of tab les Table B-7. Life insurance plans for full-time workers, Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979 Production and related workers All industries Item All plans 16 TYPE (NOUNT OF INSURANCE IS RASED ON A SCHEDULE WHICH IN D IC A TE S A S P E C I F I E D DOLLAR ANOUNT OF INSURANCE FOR A S P E C I F I E D LENETH OF S E R V IC E : PERCENT OF ALL P'JL L- TT NE WORKERS17-------------------------a nount of i n s u r a n c f p r o v i d e d 18 a f t e r : 6 n o r t h s of s e r v i c e : n e a n -------------------------------------------------------------------------NEOIAN --------------------------------------------------------------------NIDDLE RANEE (S O P FRC EN T) -----------------NIDDLE RANEE (8 0 P ER CF NT) -----------------i y e a r of s e r v i c e : N E A N --------------------------------------------------------MEOIAN ----------------------------------------------------NIOOLE RANEE (SO PER CEN T) -----------------NIDDLE RANEE ( 8 0 P ER CF NT) -----------------S YEARS OP s e r v i c e : n e a n -------------------------------------------------------NEOIAN ----------------------------------------------------NIODLE RANEE <50 PER CEN T) -----------------NIDDLE RANEE (80 PER CENT) -----------------10 YEARS o f s e r v i c e : 20 *n Noncontributory plans 18 All plans 16 Noncontributory plans 16 All plans 16 Manufacturing Noncontributory plans 16 All plans 16 Noncontributory plans 16 OP PL»N »ND SNOUNT OP INSURANCE ALL F U L L - T I P P WORKERS ARE PROVIOEO THE SANE F L A T - S U N HOLLAR a n o u n t : “ ERCENT OF ALL P U L L - T I N E WORKERS17-------------------------ANOUNT OF INSURANCE P R O V I O F D : 18 H F A N -------------------------------------------------------------------------HEOIAN --------------------------------------------------------------------NIODLE PANEE (SO PER CENT) -----------------------NIOOLE RANEE <80 PER CENT) ------------------------ h f Office workers A ll industries Manufacturing ------------------------------------------------- HFDIAN ---------------------------------------------NIDDLE RANEE (S O PER CEN T) ---------------HI DOLE RANFE ( BO PERC ENT ) ---------------YEARS OP s e r v i c e : n e a n ------------------------------------------------- HEOIAN ---------------------------------------------HIOOLE RANPF <5C P ER CF NT) ---------------HI DO LE R A NPE ( 5 0 PER CEN T) ---------------- 49 44,6C0 * 4, 0 0 0 * 2 . 5 0 0 - 5.CDC * 2 . 0 0 0 - 1 0 . D3C 6 * 2 . A03 (6 ) (6) (6) 35 44,40C 43*500 * 3 . 0 0 0 - 5 .C C0 * 1 . 5 0 0 - 1 0 . OCC 51 44,600 *3.003 * 3 .0 0 0 - 5.000 * 2.03 0 -10 .3 0 0 4 7 7 (A) (6 ) (A* (61 (6) (A) (6 1 (6 1 (A 1 (A 1 * 3. 0 0 0 *2.500 * 2 . 5 0 0 - 5 .0 0C * 1 . 0 0 0 - 5 .0 0 0 *2.500 * 5 . 10D * 5. 0 0 0 * 2 . 8 0 0 - 7 .5 00 * 2.800-10.000 *4.50? *5.100 * 5. 00 0 * 3 . 0 0 0 - 7 .5 C0 S 3 . C 0 0 - 1 0 . 030 * 4 .AO 3 45*400 * 5. 00 0 * 3 . 5 0 0 - 7.5DC *3.500-10.030 44.900 (6 ) (6) (A) (A) (A) (A) (A) (A) (Al (A) (A* (A) (6 ) (A) *2.133 *2.100 (A) (Al (A) (6 ) (A 1 (A 1 45.4DC *3.400 (A) (Al (A) (A 1 (A) (Al * 3 . AOO * 3 . AOO 2R *5,300 *5.3C0 * 5 . 0 3 0 - 5.CDQ * 2.00 0 - 7,530 1 (61 ( Al (6) (6 ) ( Al (6) ( Al 21 - - (61 (61 <61 - - ( Al - - - (61 - - <A l ( Al - - - - (61 - - (6 ) (61 (6 ) (A) (Al (A ) (A 1 (6) (6 ) ?4 * 3 , POO *3.000 * 2 . 0 0 0 - 5 ,0 00 * 2 . 0 0 0 - 8 .0 0 0 (61 (6 ) (6) (6 1 (A) 28 44*300 * t .OO? * 2 . 0 3 0 - 5 .0 0 0 * 2 . 0 0 3 - 8 .0 0 0 (111 ( Al (A) (6 ) 45,900 22 44 » ROT S 5 .0 0 C * 4 . DCC- 5 . COO * 2 . COD- 7 . 5 0 0 (61 (6 ) (Al See footnotes at end of tables. 45 44,200 *3.000 * 3 .0 0 0 - 5,000 * 2.00 0 -10 .0 0 0 ( Al ( Al (61 (A 1 (6 ) ( Al * 3 • RO 0 ( Al (Al (Al (Al (A 1 (6 ) (61 (6) (61 (61 ( Al - - Table B-7. Life insurance plans for full-time workers, Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1979 — Continued Production and related workers A ll industries Item All plans Noncontributory plans 16 18 Office workers Manufacturing Ail plans 16 All industries Noncontributory plans 16 All plans 16 Manufacturing Noncontributory plans 16 All plans 16 Noncontributory plans 16 TYPE OP PL * N AND AMOUNT OF INSIJRANCE-CONTTNUEO plans specifying a maximum amount ON SOMF OTHER ’7 O 1 24 16 6 16 * 1 1 .5 0 0 (6) (6 1 (6! (6 (6 (6 (6 » 1 1 ! 1 * 1 0 .000-22.000 *10 .0 00 -20 .0 0 0 *10.000-25.300 * 1 0 . 0 0 0 - 2 5 . COO S1 1 .5 3C -1 2.50 0 *10.0 0 0-2 0 .5 00 * 1 6 .9 0 0 * 2 0 .5 0 0 *12.5 0 0-2 0 .5 00 *10.0 0 0-2 0 .5 00 ! ! * 7 , 500 * 5.000-11.000 *5.000-12.500 18*20-3 * 7 . 50C * 5.00 0 -12 .0 0 0 * 5 .00 0 -12 .5 0 0 18*603 *7.500 * 5 .5 0 C - 9,000 * 5.000-15.000 * 1 5 .5 0 0 * 1 5 , COO 116*003 *15.000 *12 .0 00 0C3 * 1 1 .6 0 0 * 1 5 .0 0 0 * 7,50 0 -15 .0 0 0 * 5.000-15,000 * 5 .0 0 0 -1 2 .sac * 5 . OCO—1 2 . 5 0 0 * 1 3 .8 0 0 * 1 2 . SOO * 1 0 . COO -1 5.CO C * 1 2 .2 00 * 1 0 .0 00 -22 .0 0 0 *11.9 0 D S1 2.5 DD * 12 .0 0 0-1 2 .5 00 *10,0 0 0-1 2 .5 00 (6 1 (61 (61 (6 (6 (6 (6 * 1 9 .1 0 0 * 1 6 .5 0 0 * 15.000-25.000 * 10 .0 0 0-3 0 .0 03 * 1 7 .0 0 0 *16.500 * 15 .0 0 0-1 6 .5 00 * 10 .0 0 0-3 0 .0 00 * 1 8 .1 0 0 (61 (6! (6! (6 (6 (6 (6 1 » 1 1 * 22 .7 0 0 * 22 .5 0 0 * 1 5 . 0 0 0 - 3C.OCO * 1 2 . 5 0 0 - 3 7 . 5CC * 2 4 . 10P * 22 .5 0 0 *15.0 0 0-3 0 .0 00 *15.0 0 0-3 7 .5 00 120*900 * 1 7 .5 0 0 *16.5 0 0-3 0 .0 00 *15.0 0 0-3 0 .5 00 * 2 5 .8 0 0 130* *>00 *17,5 0 0-3 0 .5 00 * 15 .0 00-30.500 * 29 ,1 0 0 (61 (6! (61 (61 (6 t (6 » (6 1 * 2 9 ,9 0 3 * 3 0 .0 0 0 *20.000-92.000 *20.000-50,000 *31.500 *30.000 *20.0 0 0-9 0 .0 00 * 20.000-50.000 * 2 8 .9 0 0 * 2 5 ,0 0 0 * 25 .000-90.300 *20.0 0 0-9 0 .5 00 1 3 4 .1 0 0 140* 500 *22.5 0 0-9 0 .5 00 *20.0 0 0-9 0 .5 00 * 2 * . TOC *2 2 .0 00 S20.C00-3C.CD0 *10*000-92.00C 19 1.69 2 . DC 1.00-2.00 1 .0 0-3 .0 ° o 0 *5 * 0 0 0 - ! 2 » S3 0 122*200 *22.00.0 1 2 0 * 0 0 0 -2 2 * 3 00 *13.0 0 0-9 0 .0 00 17 1.59 2 .0 C 1 .0 0 -2 .0 0 1 . 0 0 - 2 . DC ! 23 23 1.85 1.85 (6 I (6 I (6 1 1.46 l.C C 1 . 0 0 - 2 . DC 1 .0 0-2 .5 0 1.32 1.00 1 . C O - 1 . 50 1 . 0 0 - 2 . CO 11 (61 (61 38 19 13 18 18 14 4 4 6 6 29 * 5 8 .7 0 0 * 30 .0 0 0 * 1 5 . 0 0 0 - 1 0 0 . COO *15.0 0 0-1 0 0.00 0 * 5 8 .7 0 0 * 30 .0 0 0 *15.000-100.000 *15.0 0 0-1 0 0.00 0 (6! (61 (61 (61 (6 (6 (6 (6 1 1 1 1 194*403 * 10 0 .0 00 * 50 .000-150.300 *30.000-150.300 34 23 193*403 * 7 5 .0 0 0 4 S P .D O O -1 S C .C O O * 30 .0 0 0-1 5 0,00 0 * 1 3 .7 0 0 52 1 .3 1 1 .0 0 1.0 C -2 .0 0 .5 0 -2 .0 0 30 22 * 3 6 .5 0 0 (61 (61 (61 51 1 .3 0 1 .0 0 1 .0 0 -2 .0 0 .50-2.00 29 22 * 3 6 .5 0 0 (6 1 (6 1 (6 1 TYPE WORKERS17-------------------- t 1 2 S e e f o o t n o t e s at e n d o f t a b l e s . 19 of INSURANCE ----------------------------------------------------------specified m a x i m u m a m o u n t o f i n s u r a n c e : 18 -------------------------------------------------------Mpn iAk ---------------------------------------------------MIDDLE RANFE (SO PER CEN T! -----------------MIDDLE RANFF (8 0 P FRC FNT ! ------------------ AMOUNT OF INSURANCE I S RASED o f p l »n : PERCENT OF ALL FU LL - TI M E *9.700 * 12 .5 0 0 IN) * 9, 1 0 0 *10 .0 00 15 * ------------------------------------------------------------------- ME o I A N -------------------------------------------------------------MI DOLE RANEE (SC d FRCFNT) ---------------------MIDDLE RANFF ( 8 0 PF RCFNT) ---------------------ANNUAL EARNINGS ARE S 1 0 . 0 9 P : MFftW ------------------------------------------------------------------MEDIAN -------------------------------------------------------------HI DOLE RANFF (S C PER CEN T! -----------------MIDDLE RANEE ( 8 0 PER CEN T! -----------------ANNUAL EARNINFS ARE * 1 S . C C 3 : ME • N -------------------------------------------------------M F n i l N ---------------------------------------------------MIDDLE RANFE (SO PER CENT! ------------------MIDDLE RANFE («C PER CENT! -----------------ANNUAL EARNINFS APE * 2 0 . C P?: M F * N -------------------------------------------------------m e d i a n ---------------------------------------------------N1DULF RANFF (SO P FRC FNT ! -----------------MIDDLE RANEE ( 8 0 P F R C F N T ! ------------------- AMOUNT OF INSURANCE IS EXPRESSED AS A FACTOR OF a n n u a l e a r n i n g s : 19 PERCENT OF ALL FU LL - TI M E WORKERS17-------------------FACTOR OF ANNUAL EARNINFS USFO TO CALCULATE AMOUNT OF i n s u r a n c e : 18 m e a n -------------------------------------------------------m e d i a n ---------------------------------------------------MIDOLE RANEE (50 PER CENT! -----------------MIDDLE RANFF (8 0 P FRC FNT ! ------------------PERCENT OF ALL FU LL - TI M E WORKERS COVERED RY PLANS NOT SPECI FYI NG A MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF INSURANCE ----------------------------------------------------------PERCENT OF »L L F U LL - TI M E WORKERS COVERED R Y 9 18 Ut AMOUNT OF INSURANCE IS PASEO ON » SCHEDULE WHICH INDICATES A SP E C I FI E D DOLLAR AMOUNT OF INSURANCE FOR A SP E C I FI E D AMOUNT OF EARNINGS: PERCENT OF AL L FU LL - T IM E WORK FR S 17-----------------------AMOUNT OF INSURANCE PROVIDEI!18 I F : ANNUAL EARNINFS ARE S 5 . 0 C 0 : 22 2 7 7 4 4 Footnotes S om e o f th e se stan dard fo o tn o te s m a y not apply to th is bu lletin . 1 Standard h ou rs r e fle c t the w ork w eek fo r w hich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir re g u la r s t r a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s (e x clu siv e o f pay fo r o v e rtim e at r e g ular a n d /o r p r e m iu m r a t e s ), and the earn in gs c o rr e s p o n d to th ese w eek ly h ours. 2 The m ea n is com p u ted fo r each jo b by totaling the earn in gs o f all w o r k e r s and divid in g by the num ber o f w o r k e r s . The m ed ian d e s ig nates p o s itio n — h a lf o f the w o r k e r s r e c e iv e the sam e or m o r e and h a lf r e c e iv e the sa m e o r le s s than the rate shown. The m iddle ran ge is defin ed by tw o r a te s o f pay; a fou rth o f the w o rk e r s ea rn the sam e o r le s s than the lo w e r o f th e se r a te s and a fou rth earn the sam e o r m o r e than the h igh er r a te . 3 E a rn in gs data r e la te on ly to w o rk e r s w h ose sex id e n tifica tio n w as p r o v id e d by the esta b lis h m e n t. 4 E x clu d e s p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and for w ork on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and late sh ifts. 5 E s tim a te s fo r p e r io d s ending p r io r to 1976 rela te to m en only fo r s k ille d m a in ten an ce and u n sk illed plant w o r k e r s . A ll oth er estim a te s r e late to m en and w om en . 6 Data do not m e e t p u b lica tion c r it e r ia or data not a v a ila b le. 7 F o r m a lly e s ta b lis h e d m in im u m reg u la r stra ig h t-tim e h irin g s a l a r ie s that a re paid fo r stan dard w ork w eek s. Data are p r e se n te d fo r all stan dard w ork w eek s c o m b in e d , and fo r the m ost com m on stan dard w o r k w eek s r e p o r t e d . 8 E x clu d e s w o r k e r s in s u b c le r ic a l jo b s such as m e s s e n g e r . 9 In clu d es a ll p r o d u c tio n and re la te d w o rk e r s in esta b lish m en ts c u r re n tly o p e ra tin g late s h ifts , and esta b lish m en ts w hose fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r la te s h ifts , ev en th ou gh the esta b lish m en ts w e re not c u rre n tly op era tin g la te s h ifts. 10 L e s s than 0.05 p e r c e n t. 11 L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t. 12 A ll c om b in a tion s o f fu ll and h alf days that add to the sam e am ount; fo r e x a m p le , the p r o p o r t io n o f w o rk e r s r e ce iv in g a tota l o f 10 days in clu d e s th o s e w ith 10 fu ll days and no h alf days, 9 fu ll days and 2 h alf d a y s , 8 fu ll days and 4 h a lf da ys, and so on, P r o p o r t io n s then w e r e cu m u la ted. 13 In clu d es paym en ts oth er than "len g th o f t i m e , " such as p ercen ta g e o f annual ea rn in g s o r fla t-s u m p a ym en ts, co n v e rte d to an equivalent tim e b a s is ; fo r e x a m p le , 2 p e rce n t o f annual earn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d as 1 w eek 's pay. P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e a re ch osen a r b itr a r ily and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t in dividu al p r o v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n ; fo r e x a m p le , changes in p rop ortion s at 10 y e a r s in clu de changes betw een b and 10 y e a r s . E stim a tes are cu m u la tiv e . T h u s, the p r o p o r tio n e lig ib le fo r at lea st 3 w e e k s ' pay after 10 y ea rs in clu d es th o se e lig ib le fo r at le a st 3 w e e k s ' pay a fter few er y e a r s o f s e r v ic e . 14 E stim a tes lis te d after type o f ben efit are fo r all plans fo r w hich at le a s t a p a rt o f the c o s t is b orn e by the e m p lo y e r . "N on con trib u tory p la n s " in clu d e on ly th ose fin an ced e n tir e ly by the e m p lo y e r . E x clu ded are le g a lly r e q u ir e d p la n s , su ch as w o r k e r s ' d is a b ility co m p en sa tion , s o c ia l s e c u r ity , and r a ilr o a d r e tir e m e n t. 15 U ndu plicated to ta l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ick le a v e o r s ick n e ss and a ccid en t in su ra n ce shown se p a ra te ly b e lo w . S ick lea v e plans are lim ited to th o se w hich d e fin ite ly e sta b lis h at lea st the m in im u m num ber o f d a y s ' pay that ea ch e m p lo y e e can e x p e ct. In fo rm a l s ic k lea v e a llow a n ces determ in ed on an in dividu al b a s is a re e x clu d ed . 16 E stim a tes under " A ll p la n s " r e la te to all plains for w hich at least a part o f the c o s t is b orn e by the e m p lo y e r . E stim a tes under "N o n co n trib utory p la n s " in clu d e on ly th o se fin a n ced e n tir e ly by the e m p lo y e r . 17 F o r " A ll in d u s t r ie s ," all fu ll-tim e p rod u ction and re la te d w ork ers o r o ffic e w o r k e r s equ al 100 p e r c e n t. F o r "M a m u fa ctu rin g," all fu ll-tim e p rod u ction and r e la te d w o r k e r s o r o ffic e w o r k e r s in m anu factu ring equal 100 p e r ce n t. 18 The m ean am ount is com pu ted by m u ltiply in g the num ber o f w o r k e r s p r o v id e d in su ra n ce by the am ount o f in su ra n ce p r o v id e d , totaling the p r o d u c ts , and dividing the sum by the n um ber o f W ork ers. The mediam in d ica tes that h a lf o f the w o rk e r s a re p r o v id e d an am ount equal to or sm a ller and h alf an am ount equ al to o r la r g e r than the am ount shown. M iddle rarnge (50 p e r ce n t)— a fou rth o f the w o r k e r s are p r o v id e d an amount equal to o r le s s than the s m a lle r am ount and a fou rth are p r o v id e d an amount equal to or m o r e than the la r g e r am ount. M iddle ran ge (80 p e rce n t)— 10 p ercen t o f the w o r k e r s are p r o v id e d an am ount equ al to o r le s s than the sm a ller am ount and 10 p e r ce n t a re p r o v id e d an amount equ al to or m o r e than the la r g e r am ount. 19 A fa c to r o f annual earn in g s is the n um ber by w hich annual earnings a re m u ltip lie d to d eterm in e the am ount o f in su ra n ce p ro v id e d . F o r exam ple, a fa c to r o f 2 in d ica te s that fo r annual ea rn in g s o f $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 the amount o f in su ra n ce p r o v id e d is $ 2 0 ,0 0 0 . Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey In ea ch o f the 72 1 a rea s cu r re n tly s u r v e y e d , the B u reau obtains w ages and re la te d b en efits data fr o m re p re s e n ta tiv e e sta b lish m en ts within six b roa d in d u stry d iv is io n s : M an u factu rin g; tr a n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tion , and oth er p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le sa le tra d e ; r e ta il tr a d e ; fin a n ce , in su r a n ce , and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v ic e s . G overn m en t o p e ra tio n s and the con stru ction and e x tr a c tiv e in d u stries are e x clu d ed . E sta b lish m en ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r ib e d n u m b er o f w o r k e r s a re a lso e x clu d ed b e c a u s e o f in su fficien t em p loym en t in the occu p a tion s studied. A ppendix table 1 show s the n um ber o f e sta b lish m en ts and w o r k e r s e stim a te d to be w ithin the sc o p e o f this s u r v e y , as w e ll as the n u m ber actu a lly studied. B u reau fie ld r e p re s e n ta tiv e s obtain data by p e r s o n a l v is it s at 3 -y e a r in te r v a ls . In ea ch o f the tw o in terven in g y e a r s , in fo rm a tio n on em p loym en t and o ccu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s on ly is c o lle c t e d by a com b in a tion o f p e r s o n a l v is it , m a il q u e stio n n a ir e , and telep h on e in te rv ie w fr o m esta b lish m en ts p a rticip a tin g in the p r e v io u s s u rv e y . A sa m p le o f the e sta b lish m en ts in the s c o p e o f the su rv e y is s e le c t e d fo r study p r io r to ea ch p e r s o n a l v is it su r v e y . T h is s a m p le , le s s e sta b lish m e n ts w h ich go out o f b u sin e s s o r are no lo n g e r w ithin the in d u stria l s c o p e o f the s u r v e y , is reta in ed fo r the fo llo w in g tw o annual s u r v e y s . In m o s t c a s e s , e sta b lis h m e n ts new to the a re a are not c o n s id e r e d in the sc o p e o f the su rv e y until the s e le c t io n o f a sa m p le fo r a p e r s o n a l v is it su rv e y . The sa m p lin g p r o c e d u r e s in v o lv e d eta iled s t ra tifica tio n o f all e sta b lish m en ts w ithin the s c o p e o f an in d iv id u al a r e a su r v e y by in du stry and n u m ber o f e m p lo y e e s . F r o m th is stra tifie d u n iv e rse a p ro b a b ility sa m p le is s e le c t e d , w ith e a c h esta b lish m en t having a p r e d e te r m in e d chance o f s e le c tio n . T o obtain op tim u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a te r p r o p o rtio n o f la rg e than s m a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts is s e le c t e d . When data are c o m b in e d , e a ch esta b lish m en t is w eigh ted a c c o r d in g to its p r o b a b ility o f s e le c t io n so that u nbiased e s tim a te s a re g en era ted . F o r e x a m p le , i f one out o f fo u r e sta b lis h m e n ts is s e le c t e d , it is g iven a w eigh t o f 4 to r e p re s e n t it s e lf plus th r e e o th e r s . An altern a te o f the sa m e o r ig in a l p r o b a b ility is ch osen in the sa m e in d u s t r y -s iz e c la s s ific a t io n if data a re not av ailab le fr o m the o r ig in a l sa m p le m e m b e r . If no su itable su bstitu te is a v a ila b le , ad ditional w eigh t is a ssig n ed to a sa m p le m e m b e r that is s im ila r to the m is s in g unit. Included in the 72 areas are 2 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are Akron, Ohio and Poughkeepsie-Kingston-Newburgh, N. Y. In addition, the Bureau conducts more limited area studies in approximately 100 areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of the U. S. Department of Labor. O ccu p ation s and earn ings O ccupations se le cte d fo r study are com m on to a v a rie ty o f m a n u fa c turing and nonm anufacturing in d u s tr ie s , and a re o f the follow in g ty p es: (1) O ffice c le r ic a l; (2) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (3) m a in ten an ce, t o o lr o o m , and pow erplan t; and (4) m a te ria l m ov em en t and cu stod ia l. O ccu p ation a l c la s s ific a tio n is ba sed on a u n iform set o f jo b d e s cr ip tio n s design ed to take accoun t o f in terestablish m en t v a ria tion in duties within the sam e jo b . O ccu p ation s s e le cte d fo r study are lis te d and d e s c r ib e d in appendix B. U nless oth erw ise in d icated , the ea rn in gs data fo llo w in g the jo b title s are fo r all in d u stries com bined. E arn in gs data fo r som e o f the occu p a tion s lis te d and d e s c r ib e d , o r fo r som e in du stry d iv is io n s w ithin the sco p e o f the s u rv e y , are not p resen ted in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s b eca u se e ith e r (1) e m p lo y m ent in the occu pation is too sm a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it p r e s e n ta tion , o r (2) th ere is p o s sib ility o f d is c lo s u r e o f in dividu al esta b lish m en t data. Separate m e n 's and w om en 's earn in g s data are not p r e se n te d when the n u m ber o f w ork ers not id en tified by sex is 20 p e rce n t o r m o r e o f the m en o r w om en id en tified in an occu p ation . E a rn in gs data not shown sep a ra tely fo r in du stry d iv ision s are in clu ded in data fo r all in d u strie s com b in ed . L ik e w is e , fo r occu pation s with m o r e than one le v e l, data are in cluded in the o v e r a ll c la s s ific a tio n when a s u b c la s s ific a tio n is not shown o r in form a tion to s u b c la s s ify is not a vailab le. O ccu p ation al em ploym ent and ea rn in g s data are shown fo r fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th ose h ired to w ork a re g u la r w eek ly sch ed u le. E arnings data ex clu d e p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eek en d s, h olid a y s, and late sh ifts. N onproduction b on u ses are e x clu d e d , but c o s t -o f-liv in g a llow a n ces and in cen tive bon u ses are in clu d ed . W eekly hours fo r o ffic e c le r ic a l and p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l occu p a tion s r e fe r to the standard w orkw eek (rounded to the n ea rest h alf h ou r) fo r w hich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e re g u la r stra ig h t-tim e sa la rie s (e x clu siv e o f pay fo r o v e rtim e at reg u la r a n d /o r p rem iu m ra tes). A v era g e w eek ly ea rn in g s fo r th ese occu p a tion s are rounded to the n ea rest half d o lla r . V e r t ic a l lin es w ithin the d istribu tion o f w o r k e r s on som e A -ta b le s in d icate a change in the s iz e o f the c la s s in te r v a ls . T h ese su rv ey s m ea su re the le v e l o f o ccu p a tio n a l ea rn in gs in an a rea at a p a rticu la r tim e . C om p a rison s o f in d iv id u al occu p a tion a l a v e ra g e s o v e r tim e m ay not r e fle c t ex p ected w age ch a n g es. The a v era g es fo r individu al jo b s a re a ffected by changes in w ages and em p loym en t pa ttern s. F o r exam ple, p r o p o rtio n s of w o rk e r s em p loyed b y h ig h - o r low -w a g e fir m s m ay change, o r h igh -w ag e w o rk e r s m ay advance to b e tte r jo b s and be re p la c e d by new w o r k e r s at lo w e r ra tes. Such sh ifts in em p loym en t oould d e c r e a s e an occu p a tio n a l average even though m o s t e sta b lish m e n ts in an a r e a in cr e a s e w ages during the y e a r . Changes in ea rn in g s o f occu p a tion a l g ro u p s , shown in table A - 7, are b e tte r in d ica to rs o f w age tren d s than are earn in g s changes fo r in dividu al jo b s within the g rou p s. A v e r a g e ea rn in g s r e fle c t c o m p o s ite , areaw ide e s tim a te s . In du stries and e sta b lish m en ts d iffe r in pay le v e l and job staffin g, and thus con trib u te d iffe r e n tly to the e s tim a te s fo r each jo b . Pay a v era g es m a y fa il to r e fle c t a c c u r a t e ly the w ag e d iffe r e n t ia l am ong jo b s in individual esta b lish m en ts. A v e r a g e pa y le v e ls fo r m en and w om en in s e le c t e d occu p a tion s sh ou ld not be a s su m e d to r e fle c t d iffe r e n c e s in pay o f the se x e s w ithin in dividu al e sta b lis h m e n ts . F a c to r s w hich m ay con trib u te to d iffe r e n c e s in clu d e p r o g r e s s io n w ith in e sta b lis h e d rate ranges (on ly the ra te s paid in cu m b en ts a r e c o lle c te d ) and p e r fo r m a n c e o f s p e c ific duties w ithin the g e n e r a l su rv e y jo b d e s c r ip t io n s . Job d e s cr ip tio n s used to c la s s ify e m p lo y e e s in th e se s u r v e y s u su a lly a r e m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u sed in individu al e sta b lish m en ts and a llo w fo r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong esta b lish m en ts in s p e c ific du ties p e r fo r m e d . O ccu p a tio n a l em p loy m en t e stim a tes rep resen t the tota l in a ll e s t a b lis h m e n ts w ith in the s c o p e o f the study and not the n um ber actu a lly su rv ey ed . B e c a u s e o c cu p a tio n a l s t r u c tu r e s am ong estab lish m en ts d iffe r , e stim a tes o f o c cu p a tio n a l em p loy m en t ob ta in ed fr o m the sam ple o f esta b lish m en ts studied s e r v e on ly to in d ica te the r e la tiv e im p orta n ce o f the jo b s studied. T h ese d iffe r e n c e s in o c cu p a tio n a l s tru c tu re do not a ffect m a te r ia lly the a c c u r a c y o f the ea rn in g s data. S killed m ain ten an ce— Cont inued U n skilled plant M ech a n ics (m o to r v eh icle) P ip e fitte r s T o o l and die m a k e rs J a n ito rs, p o r t e r s , and c le a n e rs M a teria l handling la b o r e rs P e r ce n t changes fo r individu al a rea s in the p r o g r a m a r e com puted as fo llo w s : 1. A v e ra g e earn in g s a r e com pu ted fo r each occu p a tion fo r the 2 y e a r s being c o m p a re d . The a v e r a g e s a r e deriv ed fr o m ea rn in gs in th ose esta b lish m en ts w hich are in the su rv e y both y e a r s ; it is assu m ed that em ploym ent rem a in s unchanged. 2. E ach o ccu p a tion is a ssig n ed a w eight b a sed on its p ro p o rtio n a te em p loym en t in the occu p a tion a l group in the b a se y e a r. 3. T h e se w eigh ts are u sed to com pu te grou p a v e ra g e s. E a ch o c c u p a tio n 's a v era g e earn in gs (com pu ted in step 1) is m u ltip lied by its w eigh t. The p ro d u cts a re totaled to obtain a g rou p a v era g e. 4. The ra tio o f g rou p a v e ra g e s fo r 2 c o n s e cu tiv e y ea rs is com p u ted by d ividin g the a v e r a g e fo r the cu rren t year by the a v e ra g e fo r the e a r lie r y e a r. The resu lt— e x p r e s s e d as a p e r ce n t— le s s 100 is the p e rce n t change. W age tr e n d s fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n a l grou ps The p e r c e n t in c r e a s e s p re se n te d in ta ble A -7 a r e b a sed on changes in a v e r a g e h o u rly ea rn in g s o f m en and w om en in esta b lish m en ts rep ortin g the tren d jo b s in both the c u r re n t and p r e v io u s y ear (m atched e sta b lish m e n ts). The data a r e a d ju sted to r e m o v e the e ffe ct on av erag e ea rn in gs o f e m p lo y m ent sh ifts am on g e sta b lis h m e n ts and tu rn o v e r o f estab lish m en ts in cluded in s u r v e y s a m p le s . The p e r c e n t in c r e a s e s , h ow ev er, a re still a ffe c te d by fa c t o r s oth er than w age in c r e a s e s . H ir in g s , la y o ffs , and tu rn o v e r m ay a ffe c t an esta b lis h m e n t a v e r a g e fo r an occu p ation when w o r k e r s a r e paid u n der plans p r o v id in g a ran ge o f w age rates fo r individual jo b s . In p e r io d s o f in c r e a s e d h ir in g , fo r e x a m p le , new e m p lo y e e s m ay en ter at the b ottom o f the ra n g e , d e p r e s s in g the a v e r a g e w ithout a change in w age ra te s . The p e r c e n t ch a n g es re la te to w age changes b etw een the in d icated d a te s. W hen the tim e span betw een s u rv e y s is oth er than 12 m on th s, annual r a te s a r e a ls o show n. (It is assu m ed that w ages in c r e a s e at a constan t ra te betw een s u r v e y s .) O ccu p a tio n s u se d to com p u te w age tren d s a re : O ffic e c l e r i c a l E le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g 2 S e c r e t a r ie s S te n o g r a p h e r s , s e n io r S te n o g r a p h e rs , g e n e r a l T y p is t s , c la s s e s A and B F ile c l e r k s , c la s s e s A , B, and C M essen g ers S w itch b oa rd o p e r a t o r s O r d e r c le r k s , c la s s e s A and B A cco u n tin g c le r k s , c la s s e s A and B P a y r o ll c le r k s K ey en try o p e r a t o r s , c la s s e s A and B C om puter sy ste m s a n a ly s ts , c la s s e s A , B, and C C om puter p r o g r a m m e r s , c la s s e s A , B , and C In du strial n u rses R e g is te r e d in d u stria l n u rses S k illed m ain ten an ce C a rp en ters E le c t r ic ia n s P a in ters M a ch in ists M ech a n ics (m a ch in e ry ' 2 The earnings o f computer operators are not included in the wage trend computation for this A revised job description is being introduced in this survey which is not equivalent to the previous description. F o r a m o r e d eta iled d e s c r ip tio n o f the m ethod u sed to com pute th e se w age tre n d s se e "Im p ro v in g A r e a W age Su rvey In d e x e s ," M onthly L a b o r R e v ie w , January 1973, pp. 5 2 -5 7 . A v e ra g e pay rela tion sh ip s w ithin esta b lish m en ts R e la tiv e m e a s u r e s o f occu p a tion a l pay a r e p resen ted in ta ble A -8 fo r w h it e -c o lla r occu p a tio n s and in ta ble A -9 fo r b lu e -c o lla r occu p a tion s. T h ese r e la tiv e v alu es r e fle c t d iffe r e n c e s in pay betw een occu p ation s w ithin in dividu al esta b lis h m e n ts. R e la tiv e pay valu es a re com puted by dividing an e sta b lis h m e n t's a v e r a g e earn in gs fo r an occu p a tion being com p a red by the a v e ra g e fo r an oth er o ccu p a tion (d esign ated as 100) and m ultiplying the quotient by 100. F o r e x a m p le , if ja n ito rs in a fir m a v era g e $ 4 an hour and fo r k lift o p e r a t o r s $ 5 , fo r k lift o p e r a t o r s have a r e la tiv e pay value o f 125 co m p a re d w ith ja n ito r s . ($ 5 -h $ 4 = 1.25 x 100 = 125.) In com binin g the r e la tiv e s o f the individu al esta b lish m en ts to a r r iv e at an o v e r a ll a v era g e, each esta b lish m en t is c o n s id e r e d to have as m any re la tiv e s as it has w eigh ted w o r k e r s in the tw o jo b s being co m p a re d . P ay re la tio n s h ip s b a sed on o v e r a ll a v e ra g e s m ay d iffe r co n s id e ra b ly b e c a u se o f the v aryin g con trib u tion o f h ig h - and lo w -w a g e estab lish m en ts to the a v e r a g e s . F o r e x a m p le , the o v e r a ll a v e ra g e h ou rly earnings fo r fo rk lift o p e r a t o r s m ay be 50 p e r ce n t m o r e than the a v e ra g e fo r ja n itors b eca u se the a v e ra g e fo r fo r k lift o p e r a t o r s m ay be stron g ly in flu en ced by earnings in h ig h -w a g e esta b lish m en ts w h ile the a v e ra g e fo r ja n ito r s m ay be stron gly in flu en ced by ea rn in gs in lo w -w a g e esta b lish m en ts. In such a c a s e , the in tr a -e s ta b lis h m e n t rela tion sh ip w ill in d icate a m u ch s m a lle r d iffe r e n c e in ea rn in g s. E sta blish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v is io n s The in cid e n c e o f s e le c t e d estab lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su pplem en tary w age p r o v is io n s is studied f o r fu ll-tim e p ro d u ctio n and related w o rk e r s and o ffic e w o r k e r s . P r o d u ctio n and re la te d w o r k e r s (r e fe r r e d to h e re a fte r as group. p ro d u ctio n w o r k e r s ) in clu de w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s and all n o n s u p e rv iso ry w o rk e r s (in clu din g g rou p le a d e r s and tr a in e e s ) en gaged in fa b rica tin g , p r o c e s s in g , a s s e m b lin g , in s p e c tio n , r e c e iv in g , s t o r a g e , handling, p a ck in g, w areh ou sin g , shipping, m a in ten an ce, r e p a ir , ja n ito r ia l and guard s e r v ic e s , p ro d u ct d e v e lo p m e n t, a u x ilia r y p r o d u ctio n fo r p la n t's own u se ( e .g ., p ow erp la n t), and r e co r d k e e p in g and oth er s e r v ic e s c lo s e ly a s s o c i ated w ith the a b ove p r o d u ctio n o p e r a tio n s . (C a fe te r ia and rou te w o rk e r s a r e ex clu d ed in m a n u factu rin g in d u str ie s but in clu d ed in n onm anufacturing in d u s tr ie s .) In fin a n ce and in s u r a n ce , no w o r k e r s a r e c o n s id e r e d to be p rod u ction w o r k e r s . O ffice w o r k e r s in clu d e w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s and a ll n ons u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s (in clu d in g lea d w o r k e r s and tr a in e e s ) p e r fo rm in g c le r i c a l o r re la te d o ffic e fu n ction s in su ch d epa rtm en ts as a ccou n tin g , a d v e r tis in g , p u rch a sin g , c o lle c t io n , c r e d it , fin a n ce , le g a l, p a y r o ll, p e r s o n n e l, s a le s , in d u stria l r e la t io n s , pu blic r e la t io n s , e x e cu tiv e , o r tra n sp orta tion . A d m in is tra tiv e , e x e cu tiv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and p a r t -t im e e m p lo y e e s as w ell as c o n s tr u c tio n w o r k e r s u tiliz e d as se p a ra te w o rk f o r c e s a r e e x clu d ed fr o m both the p r o d u c tio n and o ffic e w o r k e r c a t e g o r ie s . w ritten fo r m or esta b lish ed by cu stom ). H olidays a re in cluded even though in a p a rticu la r y e a r they fall on a n onw orkday and em p lo y e e s a re not granted another day o ff. P aid p e r s o n a l h oliday p la n s , ty p ic a lly found in the a u tom obile and related in d u str ie s , are in clu d ed as paid h olid a ys. M in im u m en tra n ce s a la r ie s (ta b le B - l ) . M inim u m en tra n ce s a la r ie s fo r o ffic e w o r k e r s re la te on ly to the e sta b lish m e n ts v is ite d . B e c a u s e o f the optim u m sa m p lin g tech n iq u es u se d and the p ro b a b ility that la r g e e s ta b lis h m ents a re m o r e lik e ly than s m a ll e sta b lish m en ts to have fo r m a l en tran ce ra tes a b ove the s u b c le r ic a l le v e l, the ta b le is m o r e r e p re s e n ta tiv e o f p o lic ie s in m ed iu m and la r g e e sta b lis h m e n ts. (T h e " X 's " show n u nder standard w eek ly h ou rs in d icate that no m ea n in gfu l tota ls a r e a p p lic a b le .) F o r tabulating v acation pay gra n ted , all p r o v is io n s are e x p r e s s e d on a tim e b a s is . V a ca tion pay c a lcu la te d on oth e r than a tim e b a sis is co n v e rte d to its equivalent tim e p e r io d . Tw o p e r c e n t o f annual e a rn in g s, fo r e x a m p le , is tabulated as 1 w e e k 's v a ca tion pay. Shift d iffe r e n tia ls — m a n u factu rin g (table B - 2 ) . Data w e r e c o lle c te d on p o lic ie s o f m a n u factu rin g e sta b lish m e n ts r e g a rd in g pay d iffe r e n tia ls fo r p rod u ction w o r k e r s on la te sh ifts. E s ta b lis h m e n ts c o n s id e r e d as having p o lic ie s a re th o se w h ich (1 ) have p r o v is io n s in w ritin g c o v e r in g the op era tion o f late s h ifts , o r (2) have op era ted la te sh ifts at any tim e during the 12 m onths p r e ce d in g a s u rv e y . When e sta b lish m en ts have s e v e r a l d iffe r e n tia ls w hich v a r y by jo b , the d iffe r e n tia l applying to the m a jo r ity o f the p ro d u ctio n w o rk e r s is r e c o r d e d . W hen esta b lish m en ts have d iffe r e n tia ls w hich apply on ly to c e r t a in h ours o f w o r k , the d iffe r e n tia l applying to the m a jo r ity o f the sh ift h ou rs is r e c o r d e d . F o r p u rp o s e s o f th is study, a la te sh ift is e ith e r a s e c o n d (even in g) sh ift w hich ends at o r n ear m idnigh t o r a th ird (night) sh ift w h ich sta rts at o r near m idnigh t. D iffe r e n tia ls fo r s e c o n d and th ird sh ifts a r e su m m a r iz e d s e p a ra te ly fo r (1) e sta b lis h m e n t p o lic ie s (an e s ta b lis h m e n t's d iffe r e n tia ls a r e w eigh ted by a ll p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s in the esta b lish m en t at the tim e o f the su rv ey ) and (2) e ffe c t iv e p r a c t ic e s (an e s ta b lis h m e n t's d iffe r e n tia ls a r e w eigh ted by p rod u ction w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d sh ift at the tim e o f the su rv ey ). S ch ed u led w eek ly h o u rs; paid h o lid a y s ; paid v a c a tio n s ; and h ea lth , insurance^ and p en sion pla n s. P r o v is io n s w h ich ap ply to a m a jo r ity o f the p ro d u ctio n o r o ffic e w o r k e r s in an esta b lis h m e n t a r e c o n s id e r e d to apply to a ll p ro d u ctio n o r o ffic e w o r k e r s in the esta b lis h m e n t; a p r a c t ic e o r p r o v is io n is c o n s id e r e d n on ex isten t w hen it a p p lie s to le s s than a m a jo r ity . H olid a y s; v a c a tio n s ; and health, in s u r a n c e , and p e n sio n plans a r e c o n s id e r e d a p p lica b le to e m p lo y e e s c u r r e n tly e lig ib le fo r the b en efits as w e ll as to e m p lo y e e s who w ill even tu a lly b e c o m e e lig ib le . S ch ed u led w e e k ly h ou rs and days (ta b le B -3 ). S ch ed u led w eek ly h ou rs and days r e fe r to the n um ber o f h ou rs and days p e r w eek w h ich f u ll tim e fir s t (d a y) sh ift w o r k e r s a r e e x p e cte d to w o rk , w h eth er paid fo r at s tr a ig h t-tim e o r o v e r tim e ra te s . P a id h olid a ys (ta b le B -4 ). H olid ay s a r e in clu d ed i f w o r k e r s who a r e not r e q u ir e d to w o rk a r e paid fo r the tim e o f f and th o se r e q u ir e d to w o rk r e c e iv e p r e m iu m pay o r c o m p e n s a to r y tim e o ff. T h e y a r e in clu d ed on ly if th ey a r e gra n ted annually on a fo r m a l b a s is (p r o v id e d fo r in Data are tabulated to show the p e rce n t o f w o rk e r s who (1) are granted s p e c ific n um bers o f w hole and h alf h olid a ys and (2) are granted s p e c ifie d amounts o f total holiday tim e (w hole and h alf h olida ys are ag g reg a ted ). P a id vacation s (table B - 5 ) . E sta b lish m en ts rep ort th e ir m eth od o f ca lcu la tin g vacation pay (tim e b a s is , p e r ce n t o f annual e a rn in g s, fla t-s u m paym en t, e tc .) and the amount o f v a ca tion pay g ra n ted. Only b a s ic fo r m a l plans are r ep orted . V a ca tion b on u ses, v a c a tio n -s a v in g s p la n s, and "e x te n d e d " o r "s a b b a t ic a l" b en efits beyond b a s ic plans are ex clu d ed . A ls o , p r o v is io n s a fter each s p e c ifie d length o f s e r v ic e are rela ted to a ll p rod u ction o r o ffic e w o rk e r s in an esta b lish m en t r e g a r d le s s o f length o f s e r v ic e . V a ca tion plans com m on ly p r o v id e fo r a la r g e r amount o f v acation pay as s e r v ic e lengthens. Counts o f p ro d u ctio n o r o ffic e w o r k e r s by length o f s e r v ic e w ere not obtain ed. The tabu lation s o f v a ca tion pay granted p r e s e n t, th e r e fo r e , s ta tistica l m e a s u r e s o f th e se p r o v is io n s rath er than p r o p o rtio n s o f w o rk e rs actu ally r e ce iv in g s p e c ific b e n e fits. H ealth, in su ra n ce , and pen sion plans (ta bles B -6 and B - 7 ) . H ealth, in s u r a n ce , and p en sion plans in clude plans fo r w h ich the e m p lo y e r pays eith e r all o r part o f the c o s t. The c o s t m ay be (1) u n derw ritten by a c o m m e r c ia l in su ran ce com pany o r n on p rofit o r g a n iz a tio n , (2) c o v e r e d by a union fund to w hich the e m p lo y e r has co n trib u te d , o r (3) born e d ir e c tly by the e m p lo y e r out o f operatin g funds o r a fund set asid e to c o v e r the c o s t. A plan is in clu ded even though a m a jo r ity o f the e m p lo y e e s in an e s t a b lis h m ent do not ch oose to p a rticip a te in it b e c a u se th ey are re q u ire d to b e a r part o f its cost (p rovid ed the c h o ic e to p a rticip a te is av ailab le o r w ill eventually b e c o m e available to a m a jo r ity ). L e g a lly r e q u ire d plans su ch as s o c ia l s e c u r ity , r a ilr o a d r e tir e m e n t, w o r k e r s ' d is a b ility co m p e n sa tio n , and te m p o r a r y d isa b ility in su ran ce 3 are e x clu d e d . 3 Temporary disability insurance which provides benefits to covered workers disabled by injury or illness which is not work-connected is mandatory under State laws in California, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island. Establishment plans which meet only the legal requirements are excluded from these data, but those under which (1) employers contribute more than is legally required or (2) benefits exceed those specified in the State law are included. In Rhode Island, benefits are paid out of a State fund to which only employees contribute. In each of the other three States, benefits are paid either from a State fund or through a private plan. State fund financing: In California, only employees contribute to the State fund; in New Jersey, employees and employers contribute; in New York, employees contribute up to a specified maximum and employers pay the difference between the employees' share and the total contribution required. Private plan financing: In California and New Jersey, employees cannot be required to contribute more than they would if they were covered by the State fund; in New York, employees can agree to contribute more if the State rules that the additional contribution is commensurate with die benefit provided. Federal legislation ( Railroad Unemployment Insurance A ct) provides temporary disability insurance benefits to railroad workers for illness or injury, whether work-connected or not. The legislation requires that employers bear the entire cost of the insurance. L ife in s u r a n ce in clu d e s fo r m a l plans provid in g in dem n ity (u su ally th rou g h an in s u r a n ce p o lic y ) in ca se o f death o f the c o v e r e d w o r k e r . In fo rm a tio n is a ls o p r o v id e d in ta ble B -7 on types of life in su ra n ce plauis and the am ount o f c o v e r a g e iij a ll in d u stries com b in ed and in m a n u factu rin g . A c c id e n ta l death and d is m e m b e rm e n t in su ran ce is lim ite d to plans w h ich p r o v id e b e n e fit pa ym en ts in c a s e o f death o r lo s s o f lim b o r sight as a d ir e c t r e su lt o f an a c c id e n t. L a b o r-m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c q v e ra g e The follow in g tabu lation sh ow s the p e r ce n t o f fu ll-tim e produ ction and o ffic e w o r k e r s em p loy ed in esta b lish m en ts in the N orfolk —V irg in ia B each— P ortsm ou th a re a in w hich a union c o n tr a c t o r c o n tra cts c o v e r e d a m a jo rity o f the w o rk e r s in the r e s p e c tiv e c a t e g o r ie s , M ay 197 9: P r o d u c tio n and r e la te d w o rk e r s S ick n e ss and a c c id e n t in su ra n ce in clu d es only th o se plans w hich p r o v id e that p r e d e te r m in e d c a s h paym ents be m ade d ir e c tly to e m p lo y e e s w ho lo s e tim e fr o m w o rk b e c a u s e o f illn e s s o r in ju ry , e .g ., $ 5 0 a w eek f o r up to 26 w eek s o f d is a b ility . S ick le a v e pla n s a re lim ite d to fo r m a l plauis 4 w hich p r o v id e fo r continu in g am e m p lo y e e 's pay during ab sen ce fr o m w ork b e c a u s e o f illn e s s . Data c o lle c t e d d is tin g u is h betw een (1) plans w hich p rov id e fu ll pay w ith no w aitin g p e r io d , and (2) plans w h ich eith e r p ro v id e p a rtia l pay o r r e q u ire a w aitin g p e r io d . L o n g -t e r m d is a b ility in su ra n ce plans p rov id e paym en ts to tota lly d is a b le d e m p lo y e e s upon the e x p ir a tio n o f th e ir paid sick le a v e a n d /o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e , o r a fter a p re d e te rm in e d p e r io d o f d is a b ility (ty p ic a lly 6 m o n th s). P a y m en ts are m ade until the end o f the d is a b ility , a m a x im u m a g e, o r e lig ib ilit y f o r re tire m e n t b e n e fits . F u ll o r p a rtia l p a y m en ts a r e a lm o s t alw a ys re d u c e d by s o c ia l s e c u r ity , w o r k e r s ' d is a b ility co m p e n s a tio n , and p r iv a te p e n sio n b en efits payable to the d is a b le d e m p lo y e e . H o s p ita liz a tio n , s u r g ic a l, and m e d ic a l in su ra n ce pla n s r e p o rte d in th e se s u r v e y s p r o v id e fu ll o r p a r tia l paym ent fo r b a s ic s e r v ic e s ren d e re d . H o sp ita liz a tio n in su r a n ce c o v e r s h osp ita l r o o m and b o a rd and m ay c o v e r o th e r h o s p ita l e x p e n s e s . S u r g ic a l in su ra n ce c o v e r s s u r g e o n s ' f e e s . M e d ic a l in s u r a n ce c o v e r s d o c t o r s ' fe e s f o r h om e, o f f i c e , o r h o sp ita l c a lls . P la n s r e s t r ic t e d to p o s t -o p e r a t iv e m e d ic a l c a r e o r a d o c t o r 's c a r e fo r m in o r a ilm en ts at a w o r k e r 's p la c e o f em p loym en t a re not c o n s id e r e d to be m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e . M a jo r m e d ic a l in su r a n ce co v e r a g e ap plies to s e r v ic e s w hich go b ey on d the b a s ic s e r v ic e s c o v e r e d under h o sp ita liza tio n , s u r g ic a l, and m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e . M a jo r m e d ic a l in su ra n ce ty p ic a lly (1) r e q u ir e s that a "d e d u c t ib le " ( e .g ., $ 5 0 ) be m e t b e fo r e ben efits b eg in , (2) has a co in s u ra n c e fe a tu re that r e q u ir e s the in su r e d to pay a p ortion ( e .g ., 20 p e r c e n t) o f c e r t a in e x p e n s e s , and (3) has a s p e c ifie d d o lla r m a xim u m o f b e n e fits ( e .g ., $ 10, 000 a y e a r ). D ental in s u r a n ce plan s p r o v id e n o rm a l dental s e r v ic e b e n e fits , u su a lly f o r fillin g s , e x t r a c t io n s , and X - r a y s . Plans w h ich p r o v id e b en efits on ly fo r o r a l s u r g e r y o r r e p a irin g a ccid en t dam age a r e not r e p o rte d . A ll in d u stries M a n u fa c t u r in g ........... N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ___ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s ___ 10 - 12 72 An esta b lish m en t is c o n s id e r e d to have a c o n tra ct cov e rin g all p rod u ction o r o ffic e w o rk e r s if a m a jo r ity of such w o rk e r s is c o v e r e d by a la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g reem en t. T h e r e fo r e , a ll oth er p rodu ction o r o ffic e w o rk e r s a r e em p loyed in esta b lish m en ts that eith er do not have la b o r m anagem ent co n tra cts in e ffe c t , o r have c o n tra cts that apply to few er than half o f th e ir p rod u ction o r o ffic e w o r k e r s . E stim a tes a r e not n e c e s s a r ily re p re s e n ta tiv e o f the extent to w hich a ll w o rk e r s in the a re a m ay be c o v e r e d by the p r o v is io n s o f la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n ts , b e ca u se sm a ll e sta b lish m en ts a r e ex clu d ed and the in d u stria l s c o p e o f the su rvey is lim ited . In dustrial c o m p o s itio n in m anufacturing A lm o s t th re e -te n th s o f the w o rk e r s w ithin the sc o p e of the su rvey in the N orfolk —V irg in ia B each —P ortsm ou th a rea w e re em p loy ed in m anufacturing fir m s . The follow in g p r e se n ts the m a jo r in d u stries as a p ercen t of all m a n u fa ctu rin g : R e tir e m e n t p e n s io n plans p r o v id e fo r reg u la r p a ym en ts to the r e t ir e e fo r lif e . In clu d ed a r e d e fe r r e d p r o fit-s h a r in g plans w h ich p r o v id e the op tion o f p u rc h a s in g a life tim e annuity. 4 An establishment is considered as having a formal plan if it specifies at least the minimum number of days o f sick leave available to each em ployee. Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. 39 66 20 73 O ffice w ork ers T ra n sp o rta tio n eq u ip m en t_____________________________________________ Ship and boatbuilding and r e p a i r i n g _______________________________ M otor v e h ic le s and e q u ip m e n t_____________________________________ F ood and kin dred p r o d u c t s _____________________________________________ Sugar and c o n fe c tio n e r y p r o d u c t s _________________________________ M isc e lla n e o u s food s and kin dred p rod u cts _______________________ E le c t r ic and e le c tr o n ic eq u ip m en t____________________________________ R adio and T V r e c e iv in g e q u ip m e n t________________________________ Stone, c la y , and g la s s p r o d u c t s _______________________________________ L u m ber and w ood p rod u cts ____________________________________________ M illw o r k , ply w ood and s tru c tu ra l m e m b e r s _____________________ P rin tin g and publishing ________________________________________________ N ew sp a p ers _________________________________________________________ C h em ica ls and a llie d p r o d u c t s ________________________________________ 25 13 10 21 6 6 13 13 8 6 5 6 6 5 T h is in fo rm a tio n is ba sed on estim a te s o f tota l em ploym ent d eriv ed fr o m u n iv e r se m a te r ia ls c o m p ile d b e fo r e actu a l su rv ey . P ro p o rtio n s in v a riou s in d u stry d iv is io n s m ay d iffe r fr o m p r o p o rtio n s b a sed on the resu lts o f the su r v e y as shown in appendix ta ble 1. Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied. Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Va.—N .C .,1May 1979 N u m ber of establishm ents Industry d ivision 2 M inim um em ploym ent in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s c o p e o f st u d y W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s Wi th in s c o p e o f s t u d y W it h in s c o p e of study 3 S t ud ie d S t ud ie d T otal4 Number ALL INDUSTRY D IV ISI ONS --------------------------------- MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------------------------TRANSPORTATION. COMMUNICATION. ANO OTHER PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE ---------------------------------------------------FI NA NC E. INSURANCE. AND REAL FS TA TE ----------S E R V I C E S 7 ------------------------------------------------------------ F ull-tim e office w orkers T otal4 417 135 78.727 103 4 1.623 12.530 4 8.8 69 ” 90 327 36 99 2 3.216 5 5 .5 11 29 71 1 7.4 39 24*184 1 .4 1 6 11.114 1 7.4 05 31.464 50 50 50 5C 50 34 61 123 40 69 19 11 35 10 24 8 .2 4 3 4 .7 8 6 24*883 7 .2 7 0 1 0.3 29 1C 6 32 9 13 3 .5 6 0 ( M ( ( M 1 6* 50 1 The Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth Standard Metropolitan Statistical A rea, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget through February 1974, consists of Chesapeake, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Suffolk, and Virginia Beach C ities, V a .; and Currituck County, N.C. The "w orkers within scope of study" estim ates provide a reasonably accurate description of the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. Estim ates are not intended, however, for comparison with other statistical series to measure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) sm all establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. 2 The 1972 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used to classify establishments by industry division^ A ll government operations are excluded from the scope of the survey. 3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum limitation. A ll outlets (within the area) of companies in industries such as trade, finance, auto repair service, and motion picture theaters are considered as one establishment. Percent F ull-tim e p r o d u c t i o n an d related w o rk e r s 1 .7 7 4 ( 61 ( 6» <A1 f 61 7 .2 0 7 1 .1 2 4 15,113 3 ,4 9 0 4*530 4 Includes executive, professional, part-tim e, seasonal, and other workers excluded from the separate production and office categories. 5 Abbreviated to "public utilities" in the A - and B -s e r ie s tables. Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation are excluded. 6 Separate data for this division are not presented in the A - and B -s e r ie s tables, but the division is represented in the "a ll industries" and "nonmanufacturing" estim ates. 7 Hotels and m otels, laundries and other personal serv ice s; business serv ice s; automobile repair, rental, and parking; motion pictures; nonprofit m em bership organizations (excluding religious and charitable organizations); and engineering and architectural services. 28 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The p r im a r y p u rp o s e o f p rep arin g jo b d e s cr ip tio n s fo r the B u r e a u 's w age s u r v e y s is to a s s is t its fie ld re p re s e n ta tiv e s in c la s s ify in g into a p p ro p r ia te o c cu p a tio n s w o r k e r s who a r e em p loyed under a v a r ie ty o f p a y r o ll title s and d iffe r e n t w ork a rra n gem en ts fr o m esta b lish m en t to esta b lis h m e n t and fr o m a r e a to a rea . This p e r m its grou pin g o c cu p a tio n a l w age ra te s r e p re s e n tin g com p a ra b le jo b content. B eca u se o f th is e m p h a sis on in te re sta b lish m e n t and in te ra re a c o m p a ra b ility o f o c cu p a tio n a l con ten t, the B u re a u 's jo b d e s crip tio n s m ay d iffe r s ig n ific a n tly fr o m th o se in u se in in dividual estab lish m en ts o r th ose p r e p a re d fo r o th e r p u r p o s e s . In applying th ese job d e s c r ip tio n s , the B u r e a u 's fie ld r e p r e s e n t a t iv e s a r e in stru cted to ex clu d e w orkin g s u p e r v i s o r s ; a p p r e n tic e s ; and p a r t -t im e , te m p o r a r y , and p rob a tion a ry w o r k e r s . H an dicapped w o r k e r s w h ose earn in g s are reduced b e ca u se o f th e ir h an dicap a re a ls o e x clu d e d . L e a r n e r s , b e g in n e r s, and t r a in e e s , u nless s p e c ific a lly in clu d e d in the jo b d e s c r ip tio n , are exclu ded. Office SE C R E T AR Y— Continued SECRE TARY E x c lu s io n s — Continued A s s ig n e d as a p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n orm a lly to one in dividu al. M ain tain s a c lo s e and h igh ly r e s p o n s iv e rela tion sh ip to the d a y -to -d a y a c tiv it ie s o f the s u p e r v is o r . W o rk s fa ir ly independently re ce iv in g a m in im u m o f d e ta ile d s u p e r v is io n and g u id a n ce. P e r fo r m s v a r ie d c le r i c a l and s e c r e t a r ia l d u ties r e q u irin g a k n ow led ge o f o ffic e routine and u nderstanding o f the o r g a n iz a tio n , p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s related to the w ork o f the s u p e r v is o r . a. "p e r s o n a l" s e c r e ta r y concept b. S ten og ra p h ers not fu lly tra in ed in s e c r e t a r ia l-t y p e duties; E x c lu s io n s . Not a ll p o s itio n s that a re titled " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the a b ov e c h a r a c t e r is t ic s . E x a m p le s o f p osition s w hich a re ex clu d ed fr o m the d e fin itio n a r e as fo llo w s : P o s itio n s w hich do not m eet the d e s c r ib e d a b ove; c. S ten og rap h ers se rv in g as o ffic e a ssista n ts fe s s io n a l, te c h n ic a l, o r m a n a g eria l p e r s o n s ; d. A s s is ta n t-ty p e p osition s w hich entail m o r e d ifficu lt or m o re r e sp o n s ib le te c h n ic a l, a d m in istra tiv e , o r s u p e r v is o r y duties which a r e not ty p ic a l o f s e c r e t a r ia l w o rk , e .g ., A d m in istra tiv e A s s is t ant, o r E x ecu tive A ssista n t; L isted below a re s e v e r a l occu p a tion s fo r w h ich r e v is e d d e s c r ip tio n s o r title s a re being in trodu ced in th is su rv ey : T ru ck d r iv e r S e c r e ta r y Shipper and r e c e iv e r K ey en try o p e ra to r (p r e v io u s ly su rvey ed C om pu ter op e ra to r as shipping and D ra fter r e ce iv in g c le rk ) Station ary en gin eer G uard B o ile r ten der The B ureau has d iscon tin u ed c o lle c tin g data fo r tabulating -m a ch in e o p e r a to r, b ook k eep in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r , and m ach in e b ille r . W o rk e rs p r e v io u s ly c la s s ifie d as w atch m en a r e now c la s s ifie d as guards u nder the r e v is e d d e s crip tio n . 29 to a group o f p r o SECRETARY— Continued S E C R E T A R Y — Continued Exclusions-— Continued C la s s ific a t io n by L e v e l— Continued e. f. Positions which do not fit any of the situations listed in the sections below titled ''L evel of S u p e rv iso r," e .g ., secretary to the president of a company that em ploys, in all, over 5 ,0 0 0 persons; Trainees. Classification by Level S e c r e t a r y jo b s w hich m e e t the r e q u ir e d c h a r a c t e r is t ic s a r e m a tch ed at one o f fiv e le v e ls a c c o r d in g to (a) the le v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y 's s u p e r v is o r w ithin the c o m p a n y 's o rg a n iz a tio n a l s tru c tu re and, (b) the le v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y 's r e s p o n s ib ility . The ta bu la tion follow in g the ex plan ation s o f th ese tw o fa c to r s in d ica te s the le v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y fo r ea ch co m b in a tio n o f the fa c to r s . segm en t often in volvin g as m any as s e v e r a l h undred p e r s o n s ) o f a com pa n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 25, 000 p e r s o n s . LS—4 a. S e c r e ta r y to the ch a irm a n o f the b o a rd o r p r e sid e n t o f a com p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but fe w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r b. S e c r e ta r y to a c o r p o r a t e o f f ic e r (o th e r than the ch a irm a n o f the b o a rd o r p re sid e n t) o f a com p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, ov e r 5 ,0 0 0 but fe w e r than 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r c. S e c r e ta r y to the head, im m e d ia te ly b e lo w the c o r p o r a t e o f f ic e r le v e l, o f a m a jo r seg m en t o r s u b s id ia r y o f a com p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s . Level of Secretary's Supervisor (LS) LS—1 a. Secretary to the supervisor or head of a sm all organizational unit (e .g ., fewer than about 25 or 30 persons); or b. Secretary to a nonsupervisory staff specialist, professional em ployee, administrative officer or assistant, skilled technician or expert. (NOTE: M a n y companies assign stenographers, rather than secretaries as described above, to this level of supervisory or nonsupervisory worker.) LS—2 a. Secretary to an executive or managerial person whose respon sibility is not equivalent to one of the specific level situations in the definition for LS—3, but whose organizational unit normally numbers at least several dozen employees and is usually divided into organizational segments which are often, in turn, further subdivided. In some companies, this level includes a wide range of organizational echelons; in others, only one or two; or b. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, e tc ., (or other equivalent level of official) that em ploys, in all, fewer than 5 ,0 0 0 persons. LS—3 a. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that em ploys, in a ll, fewer than 100 persons; or b. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than chairman of the board or president) of a company that em ploys, in a ll, over 100 but fewer than 5, 000 persons; or c. Secretary to the head (immediately below the officer level) over either a m ajor corporatewide functional activity (e .g ., marketing, research, operations, industrial relations, etc.) or a major geographic or organizational segment (e .g ., a regional headquar te r s; a m ajor division) of a company that em ploys, in all, over 5, 000 but fewer than 2 5 ,0 0 0 em ployees; or d. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc., (or other equivalent level of official) that em ploys, in all, over 5 ,0 0 0 persons; or e. S e c r e t a r y to the head o f a la r g e and im p orta n t o r g a n iz a tio n a l s e g m ent ( e .g ., a m id d le m a n a gem en t s u p e r v is o r o f an o r g a n iz a tio n a l N O T E : The te r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r " u se d in the a b ove LS d e f in ition r e fe r s to th ose o ffic ia ls who have a s ig n ific a n t c o r p o r a te w id e p o l i c y m aking r o le with r e g a rd to m a jo r com p a n y a c tiv it ie s . T he title " v i c e p r e s id e n t ," though n o rm a lly in d ica tiv e o f this r o le , d oes not in a ll c a s e s id en tify su ch p osition s. V ic e p r e sid e n ts w h ose p r im a r y r e s p o n s ib ility is to a ct p e r s o n a lly on individual c a s e s o r tr a n s a ctio n s ( e .g ., a p p ro v e or deny in dividu al loan o r c r e d it a ctio n s ; a d m in iste r in d iv id u al tru st a c c o u n ts ; d i r e c t ly s u p e rv ise a c le r i c a l sta ff) a r e not c o n s id e r e d to be " c o r p o r a t e o f f ic e r s " fo r p u rp oses o f applying the d efin ition . L e v e l of S e c r e t a r y 's R e s p o n sib ility (L R ) T h is fa c to r evalu ates the the s e c r e t a r y and the s u p e r v is o r , ex p ected to e x e r c is e in itiative and at LR —1 o r LR—2 d e s c r ib e d b elow n ature o f the w o rk r e la tio n s h ip b etw een and the extent to w h ich the s e c r e t a r y is ju dgm en t. S e c r e t a r ie s sh ou ld be m a tch ed a c c o r d in g to th e ir le v e l o f r e s p o n s ib ility . L R —1. P e r fo r m s v a r ie d s e c r e t a r ia l du ties in clu din g o r c o m p a ra b le to m ost of the fo llo w in g : a. A n sw ers telep h on es, com in g m a il. g r e e ts p erson al b. A n sw ers teleph on e r e q u e sts w h ich have stan dard a n s w e r s . rep ly to req u ests b y sen din g a fo r m le tte r . c. R ev iew s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m e m o ra n d a , and r e p o r ts p r e p a r e d b y oth ers fo r the s u p e r v is o r 's sign a tu re to en su re p r o c e d u r a l and ty p og ra p h ica l a c c u r a c y . d. M aintains s u p e r v is o r 's in stru cted . e. T y p e s, c a le n d a r and takes and t r a n s c r ib e s d ic ta tio n , c a lle r s , m a k es and open s appoin tm en ts and f ile s . in M ay as S E C R E T A R Y — C o n tin u e d S T E N O G R A P H E R — C on tin u ed L R —2. P e r fo r m s du ties d e s c r ib e d under L R -1 and, in ad dition p e r fo r m s ta sk s re q u irin g g re a te r judgm ent, in itia tiv e, and know ledge o f o ffic e fu n ction s in cluding o r co m p a ra b le to m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : a. S c r e e n s telep h on e and p e r s o n a l c a lle r s , determ in in g w hich can b e h an dled b y the s u p e r v is o r 's su bordin ates o r oth er o ffic e s . b. A n s w e r s r e q u e s ts w h ich r e q u ire a d etailed kn ow led ge o f o f f ic e p r o c e d u r e s o r c o lle c tio n o f in form a tion fr o m file s o r o th e r o f f i c e s . M ay sign routine c o r r e s p o n d e n c e in own o r s u p e r v i s o r 's n am e. c. C o m p ile s o r a s s is t s in com p ilin g p e r io d ic r e p o rts on the b a sis o f g e n e r a l in s t r u c t io n s . d. S ch e d u le s ten ta tiv e appointm ents without p r io r c le a r a n c e . A s s e m b le s n e c e s s a r y back g rou n d m a te r ia l fo r sch ed u led m e e tin g s . M a k es a r r a n g e m e n ts fo r m eetin gs and c o n fe r e n c e s . e. E x p la in s s u p e r v i s o r 's req u irem en ts to oth er e m p lo y e e s in s u p e r v i s o r 's unit. (A ls o ty p e s , takes d icta tion , and f ile s .) T h e fo llo w in g ta b u la tion show s the le v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y fo r each LS and L R co m b in a tio n : L e v e l o f s e c r e t a r y 's ______s u p e r v is o r _____ S ten og ra p h er, G e n e r a l. D ictation in v olv es a n orm a l routine v o ca b u la r y . M ay m ain tain f ile s , keep sim p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r fo r m oth er r e la tiv e ly routine c l e r i c a l ta sk s. TRA N SC R IB IN G -M A C H IN E TY P IST P r im a r y duty is to type copy o f v o ic e r e c o r d e d dictation w hich does not in v olv e v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o ca b u la ry su ch as that used in le g a l b r ie fs o r r e p o rts on s c ie n tific r e s e a r c h . M ay a lso type fr o m w ritten cop y . M ay m ain tain f ile s , k eep sim p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r fo r m oth er rela tiv ely routine c le r i c a l ta sk s . (See S ten og rap h er defin ition fo r w o rk e rs in volved w ith shorthand d icta tion .) L e v e l o f s e c r e t a r y 's r e s p o n s ib ility T Y P IS T L R -1 LS—1___ LS—2___ L S -3 ___ LS—4___ OR P e r fo r m s sten og ra p h ic duties requ irin g sign ifica n tly g re a te r in d epen den ce and r e s p o n s ib ility than ste n o g ra p h e r, g e n e r a l, as ev id en ced by the fo llo w in g : W ork r e q u ir e s a high d e g re e o f sten og rap h ic sp eed and a c c u r a c y ; a th orou gh w ork in g know ledge o f g en era l b u sin ess and o ffic e p r o c e d u r e ; and o f the s p e c ific b u sin ess o p e r a tio n s , o rg a n iz a tion , p o lic ie s , p r o c e d u r e s , f ile s , w o rk flo w , e tc . U ses this know ledge in p erfo rm in g ste n o g ra p h ic duties and r e s p o n s ib le c le r ic a l ta sk s su ch as m aintaining fo llo w up f ile s ; a s se m b lin g m a te r ia l fo r r e p o r t s , m em ora n d a , and le tte r s ; c o m p o sin g sim p le le tte r s fr o m g e n e ra l in stru ctio n s; reading and routing in com in g m a il; and an sw erin g routine q u e stio n s, etc. C la ss C la ss C la ss C la ss L R -2 E D C B C la ss C la ss C la ss C la ss U ses a ty p e w rite r to m ake c o p ie s o f v a rio u s m a te ria ls o r to make out b ills a fter ca lcu la tion s have been m ade by another p e r so n . May include typing o f s t e n c ils , m a ts , o r s im ila r m a te r ia ls fo r use in duplicating p rocesses. M ay do c le r i c a l w ork in volvin g little s p e c ia l tra in in g , such as k eepin g sim p le r e c o r d s , filin g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s , o r sortin g and d istrib u tin g in com in g m a il. D C B A C la ss A . P e r fo r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : Typing m a teria l in fin al fo r m w hen it in v o lv e s com bin in g m a te r ia l fr o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; o r r e s p o n s ib ility fo r c o r r e c t s-pelling, sy lla b ica tio n , punctuation, e t c ., o f te c h n ic a l o r unusual w ord s o r fo r e ig n language m a te r ia l; o r planning layout and typing o f c o m p lic a te d s ta tis tic a l ta b les to m aintain u n iform ity and b a la n ce in sp a cin g . M ay type routine fo r m le t t e r s , v aryin g details to suit ci r cu m sta n ce s . STENOGRAPHER P r im a r y duty is to take d icta tion using shorthand, and to tr a n s c r ib e the d ic ta tio n . M ay a ls o type fr o m w ritten cop y. M ay o p e ra te fr o m a s te n o g r a p h ic p o o l. M ay o c c a s io n a lly tr a n s c r ib e fr o m v o ic e r e c o r d in g s (if p r im a r y duty is t r a n s c r ib in g fr o m r e c o r d in g s , see T r a n s c r ib in g -M a c h in e T y p is t ). C la ss B . P e r fo r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : Copy typing fr o m rough o r c le a r d r a fts ; o r routine typing o f fo r m s , in su ra n ce p o lic ie s , e tc .; o r settin g up s im p le stan dard tabu la tion s; o r copyin g m o r e c o m p le x ta bles a lrea d y set up and sp a ce d p r o p e r ly . N O T E : T h is jo b is d istin g u ish ed fr o m that of a s e c r e t a r y in that a s e c r e t a r y n o r m a lly w o r k s in a co n fid en tia l rela tion sh ip w ith on ly one m a n a g er o r e x e c u tiv e and p e r fo r m s m o r e re s p o n s ib le and d is c r e tio n a r y ta sk s as d e s c r ib e d in th e s e c r e t a r y jo b defin ition . F IL E C LE R K F il e s , c la s s if i e s , and r e tr ie v e s m a te r ia l in an esta b lish ed filing s y s te m . M ay p e r fo r m c le r ic a l and m anual tasks re q u ire d to m aintain file s . P o s itio n s a re c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a sis o f the follow in g d efin ition s. S te n o g r a p h e r, S e n io r . D icta tion in v o lv e s a v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y such as in le g a l b r ie fs o r re p o rts on s c ie n tific r e s e a r c h . M ay a ls o set up and m a in tain f ile s , keep r e c o r d s , etc. 31 F I L E C L E R K — C o n tin u e d O R D E R C L E R K — C on tin u ed C la ss A . C la s s ifie s and in dex es file m a te r ia l su ch as c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , r e p o r t s , te c h n ic a l d o cu m e n ts, e t c ., in an e s ta b lis h e d filin g sy ste m containing a n u m b er o f v a r ie d su b je ct m a tte r f ile s . M ay a lso file this m a te r ia l. M ay k eep r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s typ es in con ju n ction w ith the file s . M ay lead a s m a ll g rou p o f lo w e r le v e l file c le r k s . adequacy o f in form ation r e c o r d e d ; a s ce r ta in in g c re d it rating o f c u s to m e r ; fu rn ish in g cu s to m e r with ackn ow ledgem ent o f r e c e ip t o f o r d e r ; fo llo w in g -u p to see that o r d e r is d e liv e r e d by the s p e c ifie d date o r to let c u s to m e r know o f a delay in d e liv e r y ; m aintaining o r d e r , file ; ch eck in g shipping in v o ice against o r ig in a l o r d e r . C la ss B . S o r ts , c o d e s , and file s u n c la s s ifie d m a te r ia l by sim p le (su b je ct m a tte r) h eadin gs o r p a rtly c la s s ifie d m a te r ia l by fin e r su bh eadin gs. P r e p a r e s sim p le re la te d in dex and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e a id s. As req u ested , lo c a te s c le a r ly id e n tifie d m a te r ia l in file s and fo r w a rd s m a te r ia l. M ay p e r fo r m re la te d c l e r i c a l ta sk s r e q u ire d to m ain tain and s e r v ic e file s . E xclude w o rk e rs paid on a c o m m is s io n b a sis o r w hose duties in clu de any o f the fo llo w in g : R eceiv in g o r d e r s fo r s e r v ic e s ra th er than fo r m a te r ia l o r m e rch a n d ise ; p rovidin g cu s to m e rs w ith con su lta tiv e a d v ice using k n ow l edge gained fr o m en gin eerin g or ex te n siv e te c h n ic a l train in g; em p h a sizin g s e llin g s k ills ; handling m a te ria l o r m e r c h a n d is e as an in te g ra l pa rt o f the jo b . C la ss C . P e r fo r m s routine filin g o f m a te r ia l that has a lrea d y been c la s s ifie d o r w h ich is e a s ily c la s s ifie d in a s im p le s e r ia l c la s s ific a tio n s y s te m (e .g ., a lp h a b e tica l, c h r o n o lo g ic a l, o r n u m e r ic a l). As re q u e ste d , lo c a te s r e a d ily a v a ila b le m a te r ia l in file s and fo r w a rd s m a te r ia l; and m ay fill out w ith draw al c h a rg e . M ay p e r fo r m s im p le c le r i c a l and m anual tasks re q u ire d to m ain tain and s e r v ic e file s . P o sitio n s d efin ition s: M ESSENGER P e r fo r m s v a r io u s routine duties su ch as running e r r a n d s , op era tin g m in o r o ffic e m a ch in e s su ch as s e a le r s o r m a ile r s , opening and distribu tin g m a il, and o th e r m in o r c le r i c a l w o rk . E x clu d e p o s itio n s that r e q u ire op era tion o f a m o to r v e h ic le as a sig n ifica n t duty. are c la s s ifie d into le v e ls a c c o r d in g to the follow in g C la ss A . Handles o r d e r s that in v o lv e m aking ju dgm en ts su ch as ch oosin g w hich s p e c ific p rod u ct o r m a te r ia l fr o m the e sta b lis h m e n t's p rod u ct lin es w ill sa tisfy the c u s to m e r 's n e e d s, o r d eterm in in g the p r ic e to be quoted when p r ic in g in volves m o r e than m e r e ly r e fe r r in g to a p r ic e lis t o r m aking som e sim p le m a th em a tical c a lcu la tio n s . C la ss B . Handles o r d e r s in v olv in g item s w hich have re a d ily id e n tifie d uses and a p p lica tion s. May r e fe r to a c a ta lo g , m a n u fa c tu r e r's m anu al, o r s im ila r docum ent to in su re that p r o p e r item is su p p lied o r to v e r ify p r ic e o f o r d e r e d item . ACCOUNTING CLERK SW ITC H B O A R D O P E R A T O R O p e ra te s a telep h on e sw itch b o a rd o r c o n s o le u sed w ith a p riv a te b ra n ch ex ch an ge (P B X ) s y s te m to re la y in co m in g , ou tg oin g , and in tr a s y s te m c a lls . M ay p r o v id e in fo rm a tio n to c a l l e r s , r e c o r d and tr a n sm it m e s s a g e s , k eep r e c o r d o f c a lls p la ce d and to ll c h a r g e s . B e s id e s op era tin g a teleph on e sw itch b o a rd o r c o n s o le , m a y a lso type o r p e r fo r m routine c l e r i c a l w ork (typing o r routine c le r i c a l w o rk m a y o c cu p y the m a jo r p o rtio n o f the w o r k e r 's tim e , and is u su a lly p e r fo r m e d w hile at the sw itch b o a rd o r c o n s o le ). C h ief o r lea d o p e r a t o r s in esta b lis h m e n ts em p loy in g m o r e than one o p e r a to r are ex clu d e d . F o r am o p e r a t o r who a lso acts as a r e c e p t io n is t , se e S w itch boa rd Ope r ato r - Re ce p tio n i s t . SW ITCH BO AR D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T At a s in g le -p o s it io n telep h on e sw itch b o a rd o r c o n s o le , acts both as an o p e r a to r — s e e S w itch b oa rd O p e ra to r — and as a r e c e p t io n is t . R e c e p tio n is t's w ork in v o lv e s su ch du ties as g re e tin g v is it o r s ;, d eterm in in g n atu re o f v is it o r 's b u sin e s s and p r o v id in g a p p rop ria te in fo rm a tio n ; r e fe r r in g v is it o r to a p p ro p ria te p e r s o n in the o r g a n iz a tio n o r con ta ctin g that p e r s o n by telep h on e and arran gin g am ap poin tm en t; k eepin g a lo g o f v is it o r s . O R D E R C LE R K R e c e iv e s w ritten o r v e r b a l c u s t o m e r s 1 p u rc h a se o r d e r s f o r m a te r ia l o r m erch a m dise fr o m c u s to m e r s o r s a le s p e o p le . W ork ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s so m e com b in a tion o f the fo llo w in g d u ties: Q uoting p r ic e s ; d eterm in in g a v a ila b ility o f o r d e r e d ite m s and su g g estin g su bstitu tes w hen n e c e s s a r y ; a d visin g e x p e cte d d e liv e r y date and m eth od o f d e liv e r y ; r e c o r d in g o r d e r and c u s to m e r in fo rm a tio n on o r d e r sh e e ts ; ch eck in g o r d e r sh eets fo r a c c u r a c y amd P e r fo r m s one o r m o r e a ccou n tin g c le r i c a l tasks su ch as p ostin g to r e g is t e r s and le d g e r s ; r e co n cilin g bank a cco u n ts ; v e r ify in g the in tern a l c o n s is te n c y , c o m p le te n e s s , and m a th em a tica l a c c u r a c y o f accou n tin g d ocu m en ts; assign in g p r e s c r ib e d accoun tin g d istrib u tion c o d e s ; exam in in g and v e r ify in g fo r c le r i c a l a c c u r a c y v a riou s types o f r e p o r t s , lis t s , c a lc u la tio n s , p ostin g , e t c .; o r p rep a rin g sim p le o r a s sistin g in p r e p a r in g m o r e c o m p lic a te d jo u r n a l vou ch ers. May w ork in eith er a m anual o r autom ated a ccou n tin g s y ste m . The w ork re q u ire s a kn ow led ge o f c l e r i c a l m ethods and o ffic e p r a c t ic e s and p r o ce d u r e s w hich re la te s to the c le r i c a l p r o c e s s in g and r e c o rd in g o f tra n sa ction s and accoun tin g in fo rm a tio n . W ith e x p e r ie n c e , the w o r k e r ty p ica lly b e c o m e s fa m ilia r with the b ook k eep in g and accou n tin g te r m s and p r o c e d u r e s used in the a ssig n ed w o rk , but is not r e q u ire d to have a k n ow ledge o f the fo r m a l p r in cip le s o f b ook k eep in g and accou n tin g. P o sitio n s d efin ition s: are c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a sis o f the fo llo w in g C la ss A . U nder g en era l s u p e r v is io n , p e r fo r m s accoun tin g c le r i c a l o p e ra tio n s w hich req u ire the a p p lica tion o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju dgm en t, fo r e x a m p le , c le r ic a lly p r o c e s s in g c o m p lic a te d o r n on re p e titiv e accou n tin g t r a n s a c tio n s , se le ctin g am ong a su bstantial v a r ie ty o f p r e s c r ib e d a ccou n tin g cod es and c la s s ific a t io n s , o r tra cin g tr a n s a ctio n s th rough p r e v io u s accou n tin g action s to d eterm in e s o u r ce o f d is c r e p a n c ie s . M ay be a s s is te d by one o r m o r e c la s s B accounting c le r k s . C la ss B . U nder c lo s e s u p e r v is io n , fo llo w in g d eta iled in stru ctio n s and stan dardized p r o c e d u r e s , p e r fo r m s one o r m o r e rou tin e accou n tin g c le r i c a l o p e r a tio n s , such as postin g to le d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w o rk s h e e ts A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K — C o n tin u e d C O M P U T E R SYSTEM S A N A L Y S T , w h ere id e n tifica tio n o f ite m s and loca tion s o f postin gs a r e c le a r ly in dicated; ch eck in g a c c u r a c y and c o m p le te n e s s of stan dardized and re p e titiv e r e c o r d s o r a ccou n tin g d o cu m e n ts; and codin g docum ents using a few p r e s c r ib e d a ccou n tin g c o d e s . BUSINESS— C o n tin u e d D oes not in clude em p lo y e e s p r im a r ily r e sp o n sib le fo r the m an agem ent o r su p e r v isio n o f oth er e le c tr o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s , o r s y ste m s an alysts p r im a r ily c o n c e rn e d with s c ie n tific o r engineering p r o b le m s . PAYRO LL CLERK F o r w age study p u rp oses, sy ste m s analysts are c la s s ifie d as follo w s : P e r fo r m s the c l e r i c a l tasks n e c e s s a r y to p r o c e s s p a y r o lls and to m a in tain p a y r o ll r e c o r d s . W ork in v olv es m o s t o f the fo llow in g : P r o c e s s in g w o r k e r s ' tim e o r p ro d u ctio n r e c o r d s ; adjusting w o r k e r s ' r e c o r d s fo r changes in w age r a te s , su p p lem en ta ry b e n e fits, o r tax d ed u ction s; editing p a y r o ll lis tin g s ag ain st s o u r c e r e c o r d s ; tracin g and c o rr e ctin g e r r o r s in lis tin g s ; and a s s is tin g in p r e p a r a tio n o f p e r io d ic su m m ary p a y roll r e p o r t s . In a nonau tom ated p a y r o ll s y s t e m , com p u tes w ag es. W ork m ay re q u ire a p r a c tic a l k n ow ledge o f g o v e rn m e n ta l re g u la tio n s, com pany p a y ro ll p o lic y , o r the c o m p u te r s y s te m fo r p r o c e s s in g p a y r o lls . C la ss A . W ork s independently o r under on ly g en era l d ire ctio n on’ c o m p le x p r o b le m s in volvin g a ll ph ases o f sy ste m s a n a ly sis. P r o b le m s are c o m p le x b e c a u se o f d iv e r s e s o u r c e s o f input data and m u ltip le -u se r e q u ir e m en ts o f output data. (F o r e x a m p le, d ev elop s an in tegrated production sch ed u lin g , in ven tory c o n tr o l, c o st a n a ly s is, and sa les analysis r e c o r d in w hich e v e r y item o f ea ch type is au tom atica lly p r o c e s s e d through the full s y s te m o f r e c o r d s and a p p rop ria te follow u p action s are initiated by the c o m p u te r .) C on fers w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e rn e d to determ in e the data p r o c e s s in g p r o b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t -m a tte r p e r so n n e l on the im p lica tion s o f new o r r e v is e d s y ste m s o f data p r o c e s s in g o p e ra tio n s . M akes recom m en d a tion s, if n eed ed , fo r ap p rov al o f m a jo r sy ste m s in sta lla tion s o r changes and fo r obtaining equipm ent. K EY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R O p era tes k e y b o a r d -c o n t r o lle d data en try d ev ice such as keypunch m a ch in e or k e y -o p e r a te d m a gn etic tape o r d isk e n co d e r to tr a n s c r ib e data into a fo r m su ita b le fo r com p u ter p r o c e s s in g . W ork r e q u ire s sk ill in op era tin g an a lp h a n u m eric k ey b oa rd and an understanding o f tr a n sc r ib in g p r o c e d u r e s and r e le v a n t data en try equipm ent. P o s itio n s a r e d e fin itio n s : M ay p ro v id e fu n ction al d ir e c tio n to lo w e r who a re a s sig n e d to a s s is t. c la s s if i e d into le v e ls on the b a sis o f the follow in g C la ss B . W ork s indepen den tly o r under on ly g en era l d ire ctio n on p r o b le m s that are r e la tiv e ly u n com p lica ted to a n a lyze, plan, p r o g r a m , and o p e r a te . P r o b le m s are o f lim ite d c o m p le x ity b e ca u se so u r c e s o f input data are h om og en eou s and the output data are c lo s e ly related . (F o r ex am p le, d ev elop s s y ste m s fo r m aintaining d e p o s ito r accou n ts in a bank, m aintaining accou n ts r e c e iv a b le in a r e ta il esta b lish m en t, o r m aintaining in ven tory a ccou n ts in a m a n u factu rin g o r w h olesa le e sta b lish m en t.) C on fers with p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d eterm in e the data p r o c e s s in g p ro b le m s and a d vises s u b je c t -m a tte r p e r s o n n e l on the im p lic a tio n s o f the data p r o c e s s in g sy stem s to be a p plied. C la s s A . W ork r e q u ir e s the ap p lica tion o f e x p e rie n c e and judgm ent in s e le c t in g p r o c e d u r e s to be fo llo w e d and in sea rch in g f o r , in te rp re tin g , s e le c t in g , o r cod in g item s to be en tered fr o m a v a riety o f s o u r c e d ocu m en ts. On o c c a s io n m a y a ls o p e r fo r m routine w ork as d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s B. N O T E : E x clu d ed a r e o p e r a to rs above c la s s A using the key en try c o n t r o ls to a c c e s s , re a d , and evaluate the su bstance o f s p e c ific r e c o r d s to take su bsta n tiv e a c tio n s , o r to m ake en tries requ irin g a s im ila r le v e l o f kn ow led ge. C la ss B . W ork is routine and rep etitiv e. Under c lo s e su p e r v isio n o r fo llo w in g s p e c ific p r o c e d u r e s o r detailed in stru ction s, w ork s fr o m v a riou s sta n d a rd iz ed s o u r c e d ocu m en ts w hich have been cod ed and r e q u ire little o r no s e le c t in g , c o d in g , o r in te rp re tin g of data to be en tered. R e fe r s to s u p e r v is o r p r o b le m s a r is in g fr o m e r r o n e o u s ite m s, c o d e s , or m is s in g in form a tion . OR W ork s on a seg m en t o f a c o m p le x data p r o c e s s in g sch em e o r s y s te m , as d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A . W ork s independently on routine a s sig n m ents and r e c e iv e s in stru ction and guidance on c o m p le x assign m en ts. W ork is re v ie w e d fo r a c c u r a c y o f ju dgm en t, co m p lia n ce w ith in stru ctio n s, and to in su re p r o p e r alignm ent with the o v e r a ll sy ste m . Professional and Technical C O M P U T E R SYSTEM S A N A L Y S T , BUSINESS C la ss C . W ork s under im m ed ia te su p e r v is io n , ca rry in g out an alyses as a s sig n e d , u su ally o f a sin g le a ctiv ity . A ssig n m en ts are design ed to d ev e lo p and expand p r a c t ic a l e x p e rie n c e in the ap p lication o f p r o ce d u r e s and sk ills re q u ire d fo r s y ste m s a n a ly sis w ork . F o r ex a m p le , m ay a s sist a high er le v e l s y s te m s analyst by p re p a rin g the d etailed s p e cifica tio n s req u ired by p r o g r a m m e r s fr o m in fo rm a tio n d ev elop ed by the h igh er le v e l analyst. A n a ly z e s b u sin e s s p r o b le m s to form u la te p ro ce d u r e s fo r solvin g th em by u se o f e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g equipm ent. D evelop s a c o m p le te d e s c r ip tio n o f a ll s p e c ific a tio n s needed to enable p r o g r a m m e r s to p re p a re r e q u ir e d d ig ita l co m p u te r p r o g r a m s . W ork in volves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : A n a ly z e s s u b je c t -m a tte r o p e r a tio n s to be autom ated and id en tifies con dition s and c r it e r ia r e q u ir e d to a c h ie v e sa tis fa c to r y re s u lts ; s p e c ifie s num ber and ty p es o f r e c o r d s , f i l e s , and docum ents to be u sed; outlines a ction s to be p e r fo r m e d by p e r s o n n e l and c o m p u te rs in su fficien t detail fo r p resen ta tion to m a n a gem en t and f o r p r o g r a m m in g (ty p ic a lly this in v olv es p re p a ra tio n of w o rk and data flo w c h a r t s ); c o o rd in a te s the d evelopm en t o f test p r o b le m s and p a rticip a te s in t r ia l runs o f new and r e v is e d s y s te m s ; and re co m m e n d s equ ipm ent ch a n g es to obtain m o r e e ffe ctiv e o v e ra ll o p e ra tio n s . (N O TE: W o r k e rs p e r fo r m in g both s y s te m s an alysis and p rogra m m in g sh ou ld be c la s s ifi e d as s y s te m s a n a lysts if this is the sk ill u sed to d eterm in e th eir p a y.) le v e l sy stem s analysts C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BUSINESS C on v erts statem en ts o f b u sin ess p r o b le m s , ty p ic a lly p rep a red by a s y s te m s a n alyst, into a seq u en ce o f d etailed in stru ction s w hich are r e q u ired to so lv e the p r o b le m s by au tom atic data p r o c e s s in g equipm ent. W orkin g fr o m ch a rts o r d ia g r a m s , the p r o g r a m m e r d ev elop s the p r e c is e in stru ctio n s w h ich , when e n tered into the com p u ter sy stem in coded 33 C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BU SIN E SS— C o n tin u e d C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , B U SIN E SS— C o n tin u e d language, ca u se the m anipulation o f data to ach ieve d e s ir e d r e s u lts . W ork in v olv es m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : A pplies kn ow ledge o f com p u ter ca p a b ilit ie s , m a th e m a tic s, lo g ic em p loy ed by c o m p u te r s , and p a rticu la r su b je c t m a tter in v olv ed to an alyze ch a rts and d ia g ra m s o f the p r o b le m to be p r o g r a m m e d ; d ev elop s seq u en ce o f p r o g r a m ste p s; w rite s detailed flow ch arts to show o r d e r in w h ich data w ill be p r o c e s s e d ; co n v e rts th ese charts to c od ed in stru ctio n s fo r m a ch in e to fo llo w ; te s ts and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in stru ctio n s fo r op era tin g p e r s o n n e l during p rod u ction run; a n a ly z e s , r e v ie w s , and a lte r s p r o g r a m s to in c r e a s e operatin g e f f i c ie n c y o r adapt to new re q u ire m e n ts ; m ain tains r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e v elopm en t and r e v is io n s . (N O TE: W o r k e rs p e r fo r m in g both sy ste m s an al y s is and p r o g r a m m in g should be c la s s ifie d as sy ste m s an alysts if this is the s k ill used to d eterm in e th e ir p a y.) D oes not in clu d e e m p lo y e e s p r im a r ily r e s p o n s ib le fo r the m a n agem ent o r su p e r v is io n o f oth er e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s , o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r im a r ily c o n c e r n e d w ith s c ie n tific a n d /o r en gin eerin g p r o b le m s . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , p r o g r a m m e r s are c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C la ss A . W ork s independently o r under on ly g en era l d ir e c tio n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s w h ich re q u ire c o m p e te n ce in a ll ph ases o f p r o gra m m in g con cep ts and p r a c t ic e s . W orkin g fr o m d ia g ra m s and charts w hich id en tify the nature o f d e s ir e d r e s u lts , m a jo r p r o c e s s in g steps to be a c c o m p lis h e d , and the rela tion sh ip s betw een v a rio u s steps o f the p r o b le m solvin g rou tin e; plans the fu ll range o f p r o g r a m m in g action s needed to e ffic ie n tly u tilize the co m p u te r s y s te m in a ch ievin g d e s ir e d end p ro d u c ts . At this le v e l, p r o g r a m m in g is d ifficu lt b e c a u se com p u ter eq u ip m ent m ust be o rg a n iz e d to p r o d u c e s e v e r a l in te r r e la te d but d iv e r s e p r o d ucts fr o m n u m erou s and d iv e r s e data e le m e n ts . A w ide v a r ie ty and e x ten sive n u m ber o f in tern a l p r o c e s s in g a ction s m u st o c c u r . T h is r e q u ire s such a ction s as d ev elop m en t o f com m on o p e r a tio n s w hich can be r e u sed, e sta b lish m en t o f linkage poin ts b etw een o p e r a tio n s , adju stm ents to data when p r o g r a m re q u ire m e n ts e x c e e d c o m p u te r sto ra g e c a p a city , and su bstantial m an ipu lation and re se q u e n cin g o f data elem en ts to fo r m a highly in teg ra ted p r o g r a m . M ay p r o v id e fu n ction al d ir e c tio n are a ssig n ed to a s s is t. to lo w e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s who C la ss B . W ork s in depen den tly o r under on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on re la tiv e ly sim p le p r o g r a m s , o r on sim p le seg m en ts o f c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s (o r se g m e n ts ) usually p r o c e s s in fo rm a tio n to p r o d u c e data in two o r th ree v a r ie d seq u en ces o r fo r m a t s . R ep orts and lis tin g s a re p ro d u ce d by refin in g , adapting, a r r a y in g , o r m aking m in o r additions to o r d eletion s fr o m input data w h ich a re re a d ily a v a ila b le . W hile n u m erou s r e c o r d s m ay be p r o c e s s e d , the data have been re fin e d in p r io r action s so that the a c c u r a c y and seq u en cin g o f data can be te s te d by using a few routine c h e c k s . T y p ic a lly , the p r o g r a m d ea ls w ith routine r e co r d k e e p in g o p e r a tio n s . OR W ork s on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s (as d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A) under c lo s e d ir e c tio n o f a h igh er le v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e r v is o r . M ay a s s is t h igh er le v e l p r o g r a m m e r by in depen den tly p e r fo r m in g le s s d ifficu lt ta sk s a s sig n e d , and p e r fo r m in g m o r e d ifficu lt ta sk s under fa ir ly c lo s e d ir e c tio n . May guide o r in stru ct lo w e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s . C lass C . M akes p r a c t ic a l a p p lica tio n s o f p r o g r a m m in g p r a c t ic e s and con cep ts usu ally lea rn ed in fo r m a l tra in in g c o u r s e s . A s sig n m e n ts are d esig n ed to d ev elop c o m p e te n ce in the a p p lica tion o f stan dard p r o c e d u r e s to routine p r o b le m s . R e c e iv e s c lo s e s u p e r v is io n on new a s p e cts o f a ssig n m en ts; and w ork is re v ie w e d to v e r ify its a c c u r a c y and co n fo r m a n c e w ith r e q u ire d p r o c e d u r e s . COM PUTER OPERATOR In a c c o rd a n c e w ith op era tin g in s t r u c t io n s , m o n ito r s and o p e r a te s the c o n t r o l co n s o le o f a d igital co m p u te r to p r o c e s s data. E x e cu te s runs by e ith e r s e r ia l p r o c e s s in g (p r o c e s s e s one p r o g r a m at a tim e ) o r m u lt i p r o c e s s in g (p r o c e s s e s two o r m o r e p r o g r a m s s im u lta n e o u sly ). The follow in g duties c h a r a c te r iz e the w ork o f a co m p u te r o p e r a t o r : - Studies needed. op era tin g - Loads equipm ent p a p er, e tc .). in s tru ctio n s with to r e q u ir e d d e te rm in e ite m s equ ipm ent (ta p e s, cards, setup d is k s , - Sw itch es n e c e s s a r y a u x illia r y equ ipm en t into s y s te m . - Starts and o p e ra te s c o m p u te r. - R esponds to operatin g and co m p u te r output in s tru ctio n s . - R eview s e r r o r m e s s a g e s and m a k es c o r r e c t io n s during op e ra tio n or r e fe r s p r o b le m s . - M aintains operatin g r e c o r d . M ay te s t-r u n new or m o d ifie d p r o g r a m s . M ay a s s i s t in m od ify in g s y s te m s o r p r o g r a m s . The s c o p e o f this d e fin itio n in clu d es tr a in e e s w ork in g to b e c o m e fu lly q u a lified c o m p u te r o p e r a t o r s , fu lly q u a lifie d co m p u te r o p e r a t o r s , and lead o p e r a to rs p r o v id in g te c h n ic a l a s s is ta n c e to lo w e r le v e l o p e r a t o r s . It ex clu d es w o rk e r s w ho m o n ito r and o p e r a te re m o te te r m in a ls . C lass A . In addition to w o rk a ssig n m en ts d e s c r ib e d fo r a c la s s B o p e r a t o r (see b e lo w ) the w ork o f a c la s s A o p e r a t o r in v o lv e s at le a st one o f the follow in g : - D eviates fr o m standard p r o c e d u r e s to av oid the lo s s o f in fo r m ation o r to c o n s e r v e c o m p u te r tim e ev en though the p r o c e d u r e s applied m a te r ia lly a lte r the co m p u te r u n it's p r o d u ctio n p la n s. - T ests new p r o g r a m s , a p p lic a tio n s , and p r o c e d u r e s . - A d v ises p r o g r a m m e r s tech n iq u es. and s u b je c t -m a t t e r e x p e rts on setup - A s s is ts in (1) m ain tain in g , m o d ify in g , and d ev elop in g op era tin g sy stem s o r p r o g r a m s ; (2) d e v e lo p in g op era tin g in stru ctio n s and tech niques to c o v e r p r o b le m situ a tion s; a n d /o r (3) sw itch in g to e m e r g e n c y backup p r o c e d u r e s (su ch a s s is ta n c e r e q u ir e s a w ork in g know ledge o f p r o g r a m la n g u a ge, co m p u te r fe a t u r e s , and softw a re s y s t e m s ). An o p e r a to r at this le v e l t y p ic a lly g u id es lo w e r le v e l o p e r a t o r s . C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R — C o n tin u e d C O M P U T E R D A T A L IB R A R IA N C la ss B . In addition to esta b lish ed produ ction run s, w ork a s s ig n m en ts in clu d e runs in v olv in g new p r o g r a m s , a p p lica tion s, and p r o ce d u r e s ( i .e ., situ ation s w h ich r e q u ire the o p e r a to r to adapt to a v a rie ty o f p r o b le m s ). At th is le v e l, the o p e r a t o r has the training and ex p e rie n ce to w ork fa ir ly in depen den tly in c a r r y in g out m o s t assign m en ts. A ssig n m en ts m ay req u ire the o p e r a t o r to s e le c t fr o m a v a rie ty o f standard setup and operatin g p roced u res. In resp on d in g to com p u ter output in stru ction s o r e r r o r c o n d itio n s, a p p lies stan dard op era tin g o r c o r r e c t iv e p r o c e d u r e s , but m ay dev iate fr o m stan dard p r o c e d u r e s when standard p r o ce d u r e s fa il if deviation does not m a te r ia lly a lte r the com p u ter unit's p rodu ction p la n s. R e fe r s the p r o b le m o r a b orts the p r o g r a m when p r o ce d u r e s applied do not p rov id e a solu tion . M ay guide lo w e r le v e l o p e r a t o r s . M aintains lib r a r y o f m ed ia (ta p es, d is k s , c a r d s , c a s s e tte s ) used fo r au tom atic data p r o c e s s in g a p p lica tion s. The follow in g or sim ila r duties c h a r a c t e r iz e the w ork of a com p u ter data lib ra ria n : C la ss ify in g , catalogin g, and storin g m ed ia in a c c o r d a n c e with a stan d ard ized sy stem ; upon p ro p e r re q u e s ts , r e le a s in g m ed ia fo r p r o c e s s in g ; m aintaining r e c o r d s of r e le a s e s and re tu rn s; in sp ectin g retu rn ed m ed ia fo r dam age o r e x c e s s iv e w ear to d eterm in e w hether o r not they n eed re p la cin g . M ay p e r fo r m m in or rep a irs to dam aged ta pes. C la ss C . W ork a ssig n m en ts are lim ite d to esta b lish ed prod u ction runs ( i .e ., p r o g r a m s w h ich p r e s e n t few operatin g p r o b le m s ). A ssig n m en ts m a y c o n s is t p r im a r ily o f o n -t h e -jo b trainin g (som etim es augm ented by c la s s r o o m in s tru ctio n ). When lea rn in g to run p r o g r a m s , the s u p e r v is o r o r a h ig h er le v e l o p e r a t o r p r o v id e s d eta iled w ritten o r o r a l guidance to the o p e r a t o r b e fo r e and du ring the run. A fter the o p e r a to r has gained e x p e rie n c e w ith a p r o g r a m , h o w e v e r, the o p e r a to r w ork s fa irly independently in applying stan dard op era tin g o r c o r r e c t iv e , p r o ce d u r e s in respon din g to co m p u te r output in s tru ctio n s o r e r r o r con d ition s, but r e fe r s p r o b le m s to a h ig h er le v e l o p e r a t o r o r the s u p e r v is o r when standard p r o c e d u r e s fa il. P E R IP H E R A L E Q U IPM EN T O P E R A T O R O p e ra te s p e r ip h e r a l equipm ent w h i c h d ir e c tly su pports digital co m p u te r o p e r a t io n s . Such equipm ent is uniquely and s p e c ific a lly design ed f o r c o m p u te r a p p lic a tio n s , but n eed not be p h y sica lly o r e le c tr o n ic a lly c o n n e cte d to a c o m p u te r . P r in t e r s , p lo tte r s , ca rd r e a d /p u n c h e s , tape r e a d e r s , tape units o r d r iv e s , disk units o r d r iv e s , and data display units are e x a m p le s o f su ch equ ipm en t. The fo llo w in g du ties c h a r a c t e r iz e the w ork o f a p e r ip h e r a l equipm ent ope r a to r: - L oad in g p r in te r s and p lotters with c o r r e c t p a p e r; adjusting c o n t r o ls fo r f o r m s , th ic k n e s s, ten sion , printing d en sity, and lo c a tio n ; and u nloading hard copy. - L a b e llin g tape r e e ls , d is k s , o r ca rd d eck s. - C h ecking la b e ls and m ounting and dism ounting r e e ls o r disk s on s p e c ifie d units o r d r iv e s . d esign ated tape - Setting c o n t r o ls w h ich regu late op era tion o f the equipm ent. - O b s e rv in g p a n el lig h ts fo r w arnings taking a p p ro p r ia te a ction . and e r r o r in d ica tion s and - E xam in in g ta p e s , c a r d s , o r oth er m a te ria l fo r c r e a s e s , te a r s , o r o th e r d e fe c ts w h ich cou ld cau se p r o c e s s in g p r o b le m s . T h is c la s s ific a t io n e x clu d e s w o rk e r s (1) who m o n ito r and op era te a c o n t r o l c o n s o le (s e e co m p u te r o p e r a t o r ) o r a rem ote te r m in a l, o r (2) w hose du ties a re lim ite d to o p e ra tin g d e c o lla t e r s , b u r s te r s , s e p a r a to r s , o r s im ila r equ ipm en t. DRAFTER P e r fo r m s drafting w ork req u irin g know ledge and sk ill in drafting m eth od s, p r o c e d u r e s , and tech n iq u es. P r e p a r e s draw in gs of stru ctu res, m e ch a n ica l and e le c t r ic a l equ ipm ent, piping and duct sy stem s and other s im ila r equipm ent, s y s t e m s , and a s s e m b lie s . U ses r e co g n iz e d sy stem s of s y m b o ls , le g e n d s, sh ad in g s, and lin e s having s p e c ific m eanings in draw ings. D raw ings a re u sed to com m u n ica te en gin eerin g id e a s , d e s ig n s, and in fo rm a tion in su pport o f en gin eerin g fu n ction s. The follow in g a r e ex clu d ed when they con stitu te the p rim a ry pu rpose o f the jo b : - D esig n w ork req u irin g the te c h n ic a l k n ow ledge, to c o n c e iv e or orig in a te d e s ig n s; - Illu stratin g w o rk req u irin g a r tis tic a b ility ; - W ork in volvin g t h e p re p a ra tio n a rra n g e m e n ts, flo o r p la n s, e tc .; - C a rtog ra p h ic w ork in volvin g the p re p a ra tio n o f m aps o r plats and re la te d m a t e r ia ls , and draw in gs o f g e o lo g ic a l stru ctu re s ; and - S u p e r v is o r y w o rk in volvin g the m anagem ent o f a drafting p ro g ra m o r the s u p e r v is io n o f d r a fte r s . P o sitio n s defin ition s. a r e c la s s ifie d of c h a rts , sk ill, and ability d ia g ra m s, room into le v e ls on the b a sis o f the follow in g C lass A. W orks c lo s e ly w ith d e sig n o r ig in a to r s , p reparin g draw ings o f unusual^ c o m p le x or o r ig in a l design s w hich re q u ire a high d e g re e o f p r e c is io n . P e r fo r m s unusually d iffic u lt a ssign m en ts requ irin g co n s id e ra b le in itia tiv e, r e s o u r c e fu ln e s s , and draftin g e x p e r tis e . A s s u r e s that anticipated p r o b le m s in m a n u fa ctu re, a s s e m b ly , in sta lla tion , and op era tion a r e resolved, by the draw in gs p rod u ced . E x e r c is e s independent judgm ent in selectin g and in terp retin g data b a sed on a kn ow ledge o f the d e s ig n intent. Although w orking p r im a r ily as a d r a fte r , m a y o c c a s io n a lly p e r fo r m en gin eerin g design w ork in in terp retin g g en era l d esign s p r e p a r e d by oth ers o r in com p letin g m issin g d e s ig n d eta ils. M ay p ro v id e a d v ic e and guidance to lo w e r le v e l d ra fters or s e r v e as c o o rd in a to r and plann er fo r la rg e and c o m p le x drafting p r o je c ts . C lass B. P r e p a r e s c o m p le te sets o f c o m p le x draw ings w hich in clu de m u ltip le v ie w s , d eta il d ra w in g s, and a s s e m b ly draw in gs. D raw ings in clude c o m p le x d e s ig n fe a tu re s that re q u ire c o n s id e r a b le drafting sk ill to v is u a liz e and p or tr a y . A ssig n m en ts r e g u la r ly r e q u ire the u se o f m ath em atical fo rm u la s to com pu te w eig h ts, loa d c a p a c it ie s , d im e n s io n s, quantities of m a te r ia ls , etc. W orking fr o m sk etch es and v e r b a l in form a tion supplied by an en gin eer or d e s ig n e r , d e te rm in e s the m o s t a p p rop ria te v ie w s , detail d ra w in g s, and su p p lem en ta ry in fo rm a tio n n eeded to co m p le te a ssign m en ts. S e le cts r e q u ire d in fo rm a tio n fr o m p r e c e d e n ts , m a n u fa c tu r e rs ' c a ta lo g s, and te c h n ic a l gu id es. Independently r e s o lv e s m o s t o f the p r o b le m s en cou ntered. S u p e r v iso r o r d e s ig n e r m a y su g g est m ethods o f ap p roa ch or provid e a d vice on u nusually d ifficu lt p r o b le m s . D R A F T E R — C o n tin u e d E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N — C o n tin u e d N O T E : E xclu d e d r a fte r s p e r fo rm in g w ork o f s im ila r d ifficu lty to that d e s c r ib e d at th is le v e l but w ho p r o v id e su p p ort fo r a v a r ie ty o f o r g a n i za tion s w hich have w id e ly d iffe r in g fu n ction s o r r e q u ire m e n ts. freq u en t en gin eerin g changes. W ork in v o lv e s : A d eta iled understan din g o f the in terrela tion sh ip s o f c ir c u it s ; e x e r c is in g independent ju dgm en t in p e r fo r m in g such tasks as m aking c ir c u it a n a ly s e s , ca lcu la tin g w ave fo r m s , tra cin g relation sh ip s in sign al flo w ; and r e g u la r ly using c o m p le x text in stru m en ts (e .g ., dual tr a c e o s c ill o s c o p e s , Q -m e t e r s , d ev ia tion m e t e r s , p u lse g e n e r a to rs ). C la ss C . P r e p a r e s v a r io u s draw in gs o f p a rts and a s s e m b lie s , including s e c tio n a l p r o file s , ir r e g u la r o r r e v e r s e c u r v e s , hidden lin e s , and sm a ll o r in tr ic a te d e ta ils . W ork r e q u ir e s u se o f m o s t o f the con v en tion a l drafting tech n iq u es and a w ork in g kn ow led ge of the te r m s and p r o c e d u r e s o f the in du stry. F a m ilia r o r r e c u r r in g w o rk is a s sig n e d in g e n e r a l t e r m s ; u n fa m ilia r a s sig n m en ts in clu d e in fo rm a tio n on m e th o d s , p r o c e d u r e s , s o u r c e s of in fo rm a tio n , and p r e ce d e n ts to be fo llo w e d . S im p le r e v is io n s to ex istin g draw ings m a y be a s sig n e d w ith a v e r b a l explan ation o f the d e s ir e d r e s u lts ; m o r e c o m p le x r e v is io n s a r e p r o d u c e d fr o m sk etch es w hich c le a r ly d ep ict the d e s ir e d p rod u ct. C la ss D. P r e p a r e s d raw in gs o f s im p le , e a s ily v is u a liz e d p a rts or equipm ent fr o m sk etch es o r m a rk e d -u p p rin ts. S elects a p p rop ria te tem p la tes and oth er equipm ent n eeded to c o m p le te a ssig n m e n ts . D ra w in gs fit fa m ilia r patterns and p r e s e n t few te c h n ic a l p r o b le m s . S u p e r v is o r p r o v id e s d eta iled in stru ction s on new a s s ig n m e n ts , g iv e s g u id an ce when q u estion s a r is e , and re v ie w s c o m p le te d w o rk fo r a c c u r a c y . C la ss E . W orkin g u nder c lo s e su p e r v is io n , t r a c e s o r c o p ie s fin ish ed d r a w in g s , m aking c le a r ly in d ica ted r e v is io n s . U ses a p p ro p ria te tem p la tes to d raw c u r v e d lin e s . A s sig n m e n ts a r e d e s ig n e d to d ev e lo p in cre a s in g s k ill in v a r io u s d ra ftin g tech n iq u es. W ork is s p o t-c h e c k e d during p r o g r e s s and r e v ie w e d upon c o m p le tio n . N O T E : E x clu d e d r a f t e r s p e r fo r m in g e le m e n ta r y r e ce iv in g train in g in the m o s t b a s ic draftin g m eth od s. tasks w h ile E LE CTRO N IC S TECHNICIAN W ork s on v a r io u s typ es o f e le c t r o n ic equipm ent and rela ted d e v ice s by p e r fo rm in g one o r a com b in a tion o f the follow in g : In stallin g , m ain taining, rep a irin g , o v e rh a u lin g , tr o u b le s h o o tin g , m o d ify in g , c o n s tru ctin g , and testin g . W ork r e q u ir e s p r a c tic a l a p p lica tion o f te c h n ic a l know ledge, o f e le c t r o n ic s p r in c ip le s , a b ility to d eterm in e m a lfu n c tio n s, and s k ill to put equipm ent in r e q u ire d op era tin g con d ition . The equipm ent— c o n s istin g o f e ith e r m any d ifferen t kinds o f c ir c u its o r m u ltip le rep etition o f the sa m e kind o f c ir c u it— in c lu d e s , but is not lim ite d to, the fo llo w in g : (a) E le c t r o n ic tra n sm ittin g and r e ce iv in g equipm ent (e .g ., ra d a r, r a d io , te le v is io n , telep h on e, s o n a r , n a v iga tion a l a id s), (b) d ig ita l and analog c o m p u te r s , and (c ) in d u stria l and m e d ic a l m ea su rin g and c o n tro llin g equipm ent. T h is c la s s ific a t io n e x clu d e s r e p a ir e r s o f su ch standard e le c t r o n ic equipm ent as co m m o n o ffic e m a ch in e s and h ou seh old radio and te le v is io n s e ts ; p ro d u ctio n a s s e m b le r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y duty is s e r v ic in g e le c t r o n ic te s t in stru m e n ts ; te ch n icia n s who have a d m in istra tiv e o r s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s ib ility ; and d r a ft e r s , d e s ig n e r s , and p r o fe s s io n a l enginee r s . P o s itio n s defin ition s: a re c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a sis o f the follow in g C la ss A . A p p lies advanced te c h n ic a l kn ow ledge to so lv e unusually c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i .e ., th ose that ty p ic a lly cannot be s o lv e d s o le ly by r e fe r e n c e to m a n u fa c tu r e r s ' m anuals o r s im ila r docu m en ts) in w ork in g on e le c tr o n ic equ ipm ent. E x a m p les o f su ch p r o b le m s in clude lo c a tio n and den sity o f c ir c u it r y , e le c tr o m a g n e tic ra d ia tion , isola tin g m a lfu n ctio n s, and W ork m ay be re v ie w e d by s u p e r v is o r (freq u en tly an e n g in eer or d e s ig n e r ) for g en era l c o m p lia n ce w ith a c c e p te d p r a c t ic e s . M ay p r o v id e te c h n ic a l guidance to lo w e r le v e l te c h n ic ia n s . C lass B. A p p lies c o m p r e h e n s iv e te c h n ic a l kn ow ledge to so lv e c o m p lex p rob lem s ( i.e ., th ose that ty p ic a lly can be s o lv e d s o le ly by p r o p e r ly in terp retin g m a n u fa ctu re rs ' m anuals o r s im ila r d ocu m en ts) in w orkin g on e le c tr o n ic equipm ent. W ork in v o lv e s : A fa m ilia r ity w ith the in te r r e la tio n sh ips o f c ir c u it s ; and judgm ent in d eterm in in g w o rk seq u en ce and in s e le ctin g to o ls and testing in stru m en ts, u su a lly le s s c o m p le x that th o se u sed by the c la s s A tech n icia n . R e c e iv e s tech n ica l g u id an ce, as r e q u ir e d , fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r h igh er le v e l te ch n icia n , and w ork is re v ie w e d fo r s p e c ific c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p te d p r a c t ic e s and w ork a ssign m en ts. M ay p r o v id e te c h n ic a l gu id an ce to lo w e r le v e l tech n icia n s. C lass C. A p p lies w orkin g te c h n ic a l k n ow ledge to p e r fo r m s im p le or routine tasks In w orkin g on e le c tr o n ic equ ipm en t, fo llo w in g d eta iled in stru ctio n s w hich c o v e r v irtu a lly a ll p r o c e d u r e s . W ork ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s su ch ta sk s a s : A s sis tin g high er le v e l te ch n icia n s by p e r fo r m in g su ch a c tiv itie s as r e p la cin g com p on en ts, w irin g c ir c u it s , and taking te s t r e a d in g s; r e p a irin g sim p le e le c tr o n ic equipm ent; and using to o ls and c o m m o n te s t in stru m en ts (e .g ., m u lt im e t e r s , audio sign al g e n e r a t o r s , tube t e s t e r s , o s c ill o s c o p e s ) . Is not r e q u ire d to be fa m ilia r with the in te r re la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s . T h is k n ow led ge, h ow ev er, m ay be a c q u ir e d th rou gh a s sig n m en ts d esig n ed to in c r e a s e com p eten ce (in cluding c la s s r o o m tra in in g ) s o that w o r k e r can ad va n ce to h igh er le v e l tech n icia n . R e c e iv e s tech n ica l g u id an ce, as r e q u ir e d , fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r h igh er le v e l tech n icia n . W ork is ty p ic a lly s p o t-c h e c k e d , but is given d eta iled r e v ie w w hen new or advanced a ssign m en ts a r e in v olv ed . REG ISTER ED INDUSTRIAL NURSE A r e g is te r e d n u rse g iv e s n u rsin g s e r v ic e under g e n e r a l m e d ic a l d ir e c tio n to ill o r in ju red e m p lo y e e s o r oth er p e r s o n s w ho b e c o m e ill o r s u ffe r an a ccid en t on the p r e m is e s o f a fa c t o r y o r oth er esta b lish m en t. D uties in volve a com b in a tion o f the fo llo w in g : G iving f ir s t aid to the i ll o r in ju re d ; attending to su bsequ en t d r e s s in g o f e m p lo y e e s ' in ju r ie s ; k eepin g r e c o r d s o f patients tre a te d ; p r e p a rin g a c c id e n t r e p o r t s fo r co m p e n sa tio n o r oth er p u r p o s e s ; a s sistin g in p h y s ic a l ex a m in a tion s and health ev alu ation s o f ap p lican ts and e m p lo y e e s ; and planning and c a r r y in g out p r o g r a m s in volvin g R E G I S T E R E D IN D U S T R IA L N U R S E — C on tin u ed M A IN T E N A N C E M A C H IN IS T — C o n tin u e d h ealth ed u ca tio n , a c c id e n t p r e v e n tio n , evalu ation o f plant e n v iro n m e n t, o r o th e r a c tiv it ie s a ffe c tin g the h ealth , w e lfa r e , and safety o f a ll p e r s o n n e l. N u rsin g s u p e r v is o r s o r head n u r s e s in esta b lish m en ts em p loy in g m o r e than one n u r s e a re e x clu d e d . Maintenance, Toolroom, and Powerplant m a ch in e to o ls ; shaping o f m eta l pa rts to c lo s e t o le r a n c e s ; making standard shop com pu ta tion s relatin g to d im en sion s o f w o rk , to o lin g , fe e d s , and speeds o f m a ch in in g; know ledge of the w ork in g p r o p e r t ie s o f the com m on m eta ls; s e le ctin g standard m a te r ia ls , p a rts, and equipm ent re q u ire d fo r this w ork; and fittin g and a s se m b lin g parts into m e ch a n ica l equipm ent. In g en e ra l, the m a ch in is t's w ork n o rm a lly r e q u ire s a rounded trainin g in m a ch in e-sh op p r a c tic e u su a lly a c q u ir e d through a fo r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip or equivalent trainin g and e x p e rie n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R M AIN TEN AN CE MECHANIC (M ACH IN E RY) P e r f o r m s the c a r p e n t r y duties n e c e s s a r y to c o n s tru ct and m ain tain in g o o d r e p a ir b u ild in g w o o d w o r k and equipm ent su ch as b in s , c r ib s , cou n ters, b e n c h e s , p a r t itio n s , d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a ir s , c a s in g s , and t r im m ade o f w ood in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P lann in g and la y in g out o f w o rk fr o m b lu e p r in ts , d ra w in g s, m o d e ls , o r v e r b a l in s tru ctio n s ; u sin g a v a r ie ty o f c a r p e n t e r 's h a n d tools, p orta b le p ow er t o o l s , and stan dard m e a s u r in g in s tru m e n ts ; m akin g stan dard shop com pu tation s rela tin g to d i m e n s io n s o f w o r k ; and s e le c t in g m a te r ia ls n e c e s s a r y fo r the w o rk . In g en e r a l, the w o r k o f the m a in ten a n ce c a r p e n te r re q u ire s rounded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou g h a fo r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip o r equ ivalent tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . R e p a irs m a ch in e ry o r m e c h a n ica l equipm ent o f an establishm ent. W ork in v olv es m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : E xam ining m a ch in es and m ech an ica l equipm ent to dia gn ose s o u r c e o f tro u b le ; dism antlin g or partly dism antling m a ch in es and p e r fo rm in g r e p a ir s that m a in ly in volve the use o f handtools in scra p in g and fitting p a rts; rep la cin g b rok en or d e fe c tiv e parts with item s obtain ed fr o m sto ck ; o r d e rin g the p rod u ction o f a rep la cem en t part by a m a ch in e shop o r sending the m ach in e to a m a ch in e shop fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s ; p rep a rin g w ritten s p e c ific a tio n s fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s o r fo r the p rodu ction of pa rts o r d e r e d fr o m m ach in e sh ops; r e a s s e m b lin g m a ch in es; and making all n e c e s s a r y adju stm en ts fo r op era tion . In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f a m a ch in ery m ain ten an ce m ech a n ic r e q u ire s rounded train in g and ex p e rie n ce usually a c q u ir e d through a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalent training and e x p e r ie n c e . E x clu d ed fr o m this c la s s ific a t io n a r e w o r k e r s w hose p rim a ry duties in v olv e setting up or adjusting m a ch in es. M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R IC IA N P e r f o r m s a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic a l trad e fu n ction s su ch as the in sta lla tio n , m a in te n a n ce , o r r e p a ir o f equipm ent fo r the g e n e ra tio n , d is t r i b u tion , o r u tiliz a tio n o f e l e c t r i c e n e rg y in an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : In sta llin g o r re p a irin g any o f a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic a l equ ipm en t su ch as g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s fo r m e r s , s w itch b o a rd s , c o n t r o lle r s , c ir c u it b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , heating units, conduit s y s t e m s , o r o th e r t r a n s m is s io n eq u ip m en t; w ork in g fr o m b lu e p r in ts , d ra w in g s, la y o u ts , o r oth e r s p e c ific a t io n s ; lo c a tin g and d ia gn osin g tro u b le in the e le c t r ic a l s y s te m o r eq u ip m en t; w ork in g sta n d a rd com pu ta tion s relatin g to loa d re q u ire m e n ts o f w irin g o r e l e c t r i c a l eq u ip m en t; and using a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic ia n 's han dtools and m e a s u rin g and te s tin g in stru m e n ts . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m a in ten a n ce e le c t r ic ia n r e q u ir e s roun ded train in g and e x p e rie n c e u su ally a cq u ired th rou g h a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equivalent train in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M A IN TE N A N C E P A IN T E R P a in ts and r e d e c o r a t e s w a lls , w ood w ork , and fix tu re s o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : K now ledge o f s u r fa c e p e c u lia r itie s and ty p e s o f paint r e q u ir e d fo r d iffe re n t a p p lica tion s; p rep a rin g s u r fa c e fo r paintin g by r e m o v in g o ld fin ish o r by p la cin g putty o r f ill e r in n a il h oles and in t e r s t ic e s ; and ap plying paint w ith sp ra y gun o r bru sh . M ay m ix c o lo r s , o i l s , w hite le a d , and o th e r paint in g red ien ts to obtain p r o p e r c o lo r o r c o n s is te n c y . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m ain ten an ce p a in ter r e q u ir e s rounded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rough a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r eq u iv a len t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M A IN TE N A N C E M ACHINIST P r o d u c e s r e p la c e m e n t p a rts and new p a rts in m aking r e p a ir s o f m e ta l p a rts o f m e c h a n ic a l equ ipm en t o p e ra te d in an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g ; In terp retin g w ritten in stru ctio n s and s p e c ifi c a tio n s ; planning and la yin g out o f w ork ; using a v a rie ty o f m a c h in is t's handDigitized for and FRASER to o ls p r e c i s io n m e a s u r in g in stru m e n ts ; setting up and op era tin g stan dard M AIN TEN AN CE M ECHANIC (M O TO R V E H IC LE ) R e p a irs a u to m o b ile s, b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , and tr a c to r s o f an e sta b lish m en t. W ork in v olv es m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : Exam ining autom otive equipm ent to d ia gn ose s o u r c e o f tr o u b le ; d is a s s e m b lin g equipm ent and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that in v olv e the u se o f su ch h an dtools as w re n ch e s , gauges, d r ills , o r s p e c ia liz e d equipm ent in d is a s s e m b lin g o r fitting p a rts; replacin g b rok en o r d e fe c tiv e parts fr o m sto ck ; grin din g and adjusting v a lv e s ; r e a s se m b lin g and in stallin g the v a rio u s a s s e m b lie s in the v e h icle and making n e c e s s a r y a d ju stm en ts; and align in g w h e e ls , adju sting b ra k es and lig h ts, or tightening body b o lts. In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m o to r v e h ic le m aintenance m ech a in c r e q u ir e s rounded train in g and e x p e rie n c e u su ally acq u ired through a fo r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip o r equ ivalent train in g and e x p e rie n c e . T h is c la s s ific a t io n d o e s not i n c l u d e c u s t o m e r s ' v e h ic le s in au tom ob ile r e p a ir sh ops. m ech a n ics who rep a ir M AIN TEN AN CE P IP E F IT T E R In sta lls or r e p a ir s w a te r, ste a m , g a s, o r oth er types o f pipe and p ip efittin g s in an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : Laying out w ork and m ea su rin g to lo c a te p o s itio n o f pipe fr o m draw ings or other w ritten s p e c ific a tio n s ; cutting v a r io u s s iz e s o f pipe to c o r r e c t lengths with c h is e l and h a m m er or ox y a ce ty le n e to r c h or p ip e-cu ttin g m a ch in es; threading pipe w ith sto ck s and d ie s ; bending pipe by h a n d -d riv e n or p o w e r-d r iv e n m a ch in e s; a s se m b lin g pipe w ith cou p lin g s and fasten in g pipe to h an gers; m aking stan dard shop com pu ta tion s rela tin g to p r e s s u r e s , flow , and siz e of pipe r e q u ire d ; and m aking stan dard te s ts to d eterm in e w hether fin ish ed pipes m e e t s p e c ific a tio n s . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m aintenance pip efitter r e q u ir e s roun ded train in g and e x p e rie n c e u su ally a c q u ir e d through a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip or equ ivalent train in g and e x p e r ie n c e . W ork ers p r im a rily engaged in in stallin g and re p a ir in g building sanitation o r heating system s a r e ex clu d ed . M A IN T E N A N C E S H E E T - M E T A L W O R K E R M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R (T O O L R O O M )— C o n tin u e d F a b r ic a t e s , in s t a lls , and m ain tains in good r e p a ir the sh e e t-m e ta l equipm ent and fix tu re s (su ch as m a ch in e g u a rd s, g re a s e p a n s, s h e lv e s , lo c k e r s , ta n k s, v e n t ila t o r s , ch u tes, d u cts, m eta l r o o fin g ) o f an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P lanning and layin g out all ty p es o f s h e e t-m e ta l m a in ten an ce w ork fr o m b lu e p r in ts , m o d e ls , o r oth e r s p e c ifi c a tio n s ; settin g up and o p e ra tin g all a v a ila b le ty p es o f s h e e t-m e ta l w ork in g m a ch in e s; using a v a r ie ty o f h an dtools in cuttin g, ben din g, fo r m in g , shaping, fittin g, and a s s e m b lin g ; and in sta llin g s h e e t-m e ta l a r t ic le s as re q u ire d . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m a in ten an ce sh e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r r e q u ir e s rounded train in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a cq u ire d th rough a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalent tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . w ork o f a m a ch in e -to o l op e ra to r (to o lr o o m ) at the s k ill le v e l c a lle d fo r in this c la s s ific a tio n r e q u ire s ex ten siv e k n ow ledge o f m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c tic e usu ally a cq u ired th rough c o n s id e r a b le o n -t h e -jo b train in g and e x p e rie n c e . F o r c r o s s -in d u s t r y w age study p u r p o s e s , this c la s s ific a t io n d oes not in clu de m a ch in e -to o l o p e r a to rs (to o lr o o m ) em p lo y e d in t o o l and die job bin g sh ops. T O O L AND DIE M AKER C on stru cts and re p a ir s ji g s , fix tu r e s , cutting t o o l s , g a u g es, or m eta l d ie s or m old s u sed in shaping o r fo rm in g m eta l o r n on m eta llic m a te r ia l (e .g ., p la s tic , p la s te r, r u b b e r , g la s s ). W ork ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s : Planning and laying out w ork a c c o r d in g to m o d e ls , b lu e p rin ts , d ra w in g s, o r oth er w ritten o r o r a l s p e c ific a tio n s ; understan din g the w ork in g p r o p e r t ie s of c o m m o n m etals and a llo y s ; se le ctin g a p p ro p ria te m a t e r ia ls , t o o ls , and p r o c e s s e s req u ired to com p lete ta sk ; m aking n e c e s s a r y shop com p u ta tion s; setting up and operating v a riou s m a ch in e to o ls and r e la te d equ ipm ent; using v a riou s to o l and die m a k e r 's handtools and p r e c is io n m ea su rin g in stru m en ts; w orkin g to v e ry c lo s e to le r a n c e s ; h e a t-tre a tin g m eta l p a rts and fin ish ed to o ls and d ies to a ch iev e re q u ire d q u a litie s; fitting and a s s e m b lin g p a rts to p r e s c r ib e d to le ra n c e s and a llow a n ces. In g e n e r a l, the t o o l and die m a k e r 's w ork re q u ire s rounded trainin g in m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o lr o o m p r a c tic e u su ally a cq u ire d through fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalent train in g and e x p e rie n c e . M ILLW RIG H T In sta lls new m a ch in es o r heavy equ ipm ent, and d ism a n tles and in sta lls m a ch in es o r h eavy equipm ent when changes in the plant layout are req u ired . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and layin g out w ork ; in terp retin g b lu ep rin ts o r oth e r s p e c ific a tio n s ; using a v a r ie ty o f handtools and rig g in g ; m aking stan dard shop com pu tation s relatin g to s t r e s s e s , stren gth o f m a te r ia ls , and c e n te r s o f g ra v ity ; aligning and ba la n cin g equ ipm ent; se le ctin g stan dard t o o l s , equ ipm en t, and p a rts to be u sed ; and in sta llin g and m aintaining in good o r d e r p o w e r tr a n s m is s io n equipm ent such as d r iv e s and sp eed r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l, the m illw r ig h t's w ork n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a rounded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e in the tra d e a cq u ire d th rough a fo r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip o r equ ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . F o r c r o s s -in d u s t r y w age study p u r p o s e s , this c la s s ific a t io n d oes not in clu d e tool and die m a k ers who (1) a r e e m p lo y e d in to o l and die job bin g shops or (2) p rod u ce forg in g d ies (d ie s in k e r s ). M AINTENANCE TRADES H E L P E R A s s is ts one o r m o r e w o rk e r s in the s k ille d m ain ten an ce t r a d e s , by p e r fo rm in g s p e c ific o r g e n e r a l duties o f le s s e r s k ill, su ch as keepin g a w o rk e r su pplied w ith m a te r ia ls and to o ls ; clean in g w ork in g a r e a , m a ch in e, and equ ipm ent; a s s is tin g jou rn ey m a n by holding m a te r ia ls o r t o o ls ; and p e r fo r m in g oth e r u n sk illed ta sk s as d ir e c te d by jou rn ey m a n . The kind o f w ork the h e lp e r is p e r m itte d to p e r fo r m v a r ie s fr o m trad e to tra d e: In som e tr a d e s the h e lp e r is con fin ed to su pplyin g, liftin g , and h olding m a te r ia ls and t o o l s , and clean in g w ork in g a r e a s ; and in o th ers he is p erm itte d to p e r fo r m s p e c ia liz e d m a ch in e o p e r a tio n s , o r pa rts o f a trad e that are a lso p e r fo r m e d by w o r k e r s on a fu ll-tim e b a s is . ST ATIO N AR Y ENGINEER O perates and m aintains one o r m o r e sy ste m s w h ich p r o v id e an estab lish m en t with such s e r v ic e s as h eat, a ir -c o n d itio n in g (c o o l, h u m id ify , deh um idify, filt e r , and c irc u la te a ir ), r e fr ig e r a t io n , stea m or h ig h -te m p e r a tu re w a ter, o r e le c tr ic ity . D uties in v o lv e : O b serv in g and in terp retin g read in g s on gau ges, m e t e r s , and ch a rts w hich r e g is t e r v a r io u s a s p e c ts o f the s y s t e m 's op era tion ; adjusting c o n t r o ls to in su re sa fe and e ffic ie n t o p e r a tion o f the sy stem and to m eet dem ands fo r the s e r v ic e p r o v id e d ; r e c o r d in g in lo g s v a riou s a sp ects o f the s y s t e m 's o p e ra tio n ; keeping the en g in es, m a ch in e ry , and equipm ent of the s y s te m in g ood w ork in g o r d e r . M ay d ir e c t and coord in a te a ctiv itie s o f oth er w o r k e r s (not sta tion a ry e n g in e e r s ) in p e r fo rm in g tasks d ir e c tly rela ted to op era tin g and m aintaining the sy s te m or sy ste m s . M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R (TO O LR O O M ) S p e c ia liz e s in op era tin g one o r m o r e than one type o f m a ch in e to o l (e .g ., jig b o r e r , grin din g m a ch in e , engine lathe, m illin g m ach in e) to m achine m eta l fo r use in m aking o r m aintaining ji g s , fix tu r e s , cutting t o o ls , g a u ges, o r m eta l d ies o r m o ld s u sed in shaping o r fo rm in g m eta l o r n on m eta llic m a te r ia l ( e .g ., p la s t ic , p la s t e r , r u b b e r , g la s s ). W ork ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s : P lanning and p e r fo r m in g d ifficu lt m ach in in g o p e ra tio n s w hich req u ire c o m p lica te d setups o r a high d e g re e o f a c c u r a c y ; settin g up m ach in e to o l o r to o ls (e .g ., in s ta ll cutting to o ls and adjust g u id e s, s to p s , w orkin g ta b le s , and oth er c o n tr o ls to handle the s iz e o f sto ck to be m a ch in ed ; d eterm in e p r o p e r fe e d s , s p e e d s , to o lin g , and op e ra tio n seq u en ce o r s e le c t th ose p r e s c r ib e d in d ra w in g s, b lu e p r in ts , o r la y o u ts ); using a v a r ie ty o f p r e c is io n m e a su rin g in stru m en ts; m aking n e c e s s a r y ad ju stm en ts during m ach in in g o p e r a tio n to a ch iev e re q u isite d im en sion s to v e ry c lo s e t o le r a n c e s . May be re q u ire d to s e le c t p r o p e r coola n ts and cutting and lu b rica tin g o ils , to r e c o g n iz e when to o ls n eed d r e s s in g , and to d r e s s to o ls . In g e n e r a l, the The c la s s ific a tio n ex clu d es head o r c h ie f e n g in eers in esta b lish m en ts em p loyin g m o r e than one e n g in eer; w o r k e r s r e q u ir e d to be sk ille d in the r e p a ir o f e le c tr o n ic c o n tro l equ ipm ent; and w o r k e r s in esta b lish m en ts p r o ducing e le c t r ic it y , steam , or h eated o r c o o le d a ir p r im a r ily fo r sale. B O IL E R TEN DER Tends one o r m o r e b o ile r s to p r o d u c e steam o r h ig h -te m p e ra tu re w ater fo r u se in an estab lish m en t. F ir e s b o ile r . O b s e rv e s and in te r p r e ts read in g s on gau ges, m e t e r s , and ch a rts w hich r e g is t e r v a rio u s a s p e c ts of b o ile r operation. A dju sts c o n tro ls to in su re sa fe and e ffic ie n t b o ile r o p e r a tion and to m eet dem ands fo r stea m o r h ig h -te m p e ra tu re w a ter. M ay a ls o 38 B O I L E R T E N D E R — C o n tin u e d S H IP P E R A N D R E C E IV E R — C o n tin u e d do one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : M aintain a log in w hich v a rio u s a s p e c ts o f b o i le r op e ra tio n a r e r e c o r d e d ; clea n , o il, m ake m in or r e p a ir s o r a s s is t in r e p a ir s to b o i le r r o o m equ ipm ent; and, follow in g p r e s c r ib e d m eth od s, tr e a t b o ile r w a ter w ith c h e m ic a ls and an alyze b o ile r w ater fo r such things as a c id ity , c a u s tic it y , and alk alin ity. r e c e ip t s , o r oth er r e c o r d s ; ch eck in g fo r dam aged g o o d s; insuring that good s a r e a p p ro p r ia te ly id en tified fo r routing to departm en ts within the esta b lish m en t; p rep a rin g and keeping r e c o r d s of g ood s r e ce iv e d . F o r w age study p u rp o s e s , w o rk e r s a r e c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : The c la s s ific a t io n e x clu d e s w o rk e r s in estab lish m en ts p rodu ctin g e le c t r ic it y , s te a m , o r h eated o r c o o le d a ir p r im a r ily fo r sa le. Shipper R e c e iv e r Sh ipper and r e c e iv e r Material Movement and Custodial WAREHOUSEMAN T R U C K D R IV E R A s d ir e c te d , p e r fo r m s a v a r ie ty of w a reh ou sin g duties w hich req u ire an understanding o f the esta b lis h m e n t's sto ra g e plan. W ork in volves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : V e rify in g m a te r ia ls (or m e rch a n d ise ) against receiv in g d ocu m en ts, noting and rep ortin g d is c r e p a n c ie s and obviou s da m ag es; routing m a te r ia ls to p r e s c r ib e d sto ra g e lo c a tio n s ; s to rin g , stack in g, or palletizin g m a te r ia ls in a c c o r d a n c e with p r e s c r ib e d sto ra g e m eth od s; rearra n gin g and taking in v en tory o f sto re d m a te r ia ls ; exam ining sto re d m a te ria ls and r e portin g d e te r io r a tio n and dam age; rem ov in g m a te r ia l fr o m stora g e and p rep a rin g it fo r shipm ent. M ay op era te hand or p ow er tru ck s in p erform in g w areh ou sin g du ties. D r iv e s a tr u c k w ithin a city o r in du strial a r e a to tr a n sp o rt m a t e r ia ls , m e r c h a n d is e , equ ipm en t, or w o rk e r s betw een v a rio u s types of esta b lis h m e n ts su ch a s : M an ufacturin g plants, freigh t d e p o ts, w a r e h o u se s , w h o le s a le and r e ta il e sta b lis h m e n ts , or betw een reta il esta b lish m en ts and c u s t o m e r s ' h ou ses o r p la c e s o f b u sin e s s. M ay a lso loa d o r unload tr u ck w ith o r w ithout h e lp e r s , m ake m in o r m ech a n ica l r e p a ir s , and keep tru ck in g oo d w ork in g o r d e r . S a le s ro u te and o v e r -t h e -r o a d d r iv e r s a re e x clu d e d . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , tr u ck d r iv e rs a re c la s s ifie d by type and ra ted c a p a c ity o f tr u c k , as fo llo w s : T r u c k d r iv e r , lig h t tr u ck (stra ig h t tr u ck , u nder IV 2 ton s, u su ally 4 w h eels) T r u c k d r iv e r , m ed iu m tru ck (stra ig h t tr u ck , IV 2 to 4 tons in clu s iv e , usu ally 6 w h e e ls) T r u c k d r iv e r , h eav y tr u ck (stra ig h t tr u c k , o v e r 4 to n s, u su ally 10 w h eels) T r u c k d r iv e r , t r a c t o r - t r a il e r E x clu de w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a ry duties in volve shipping and r e ce iv in g w ork (s e e Sh ipper and R e c e iv e r and Shipping P a c k e r ), o r d e r fillin g (s e e O rd er F il le r ) , o r operating p ow er tru ck s (s e e P o w e r -T r u c k O pera tor). ORDER F IL L E R F ills shipping o r tr a n s fe r o r d e r s fo r fin ish ed goods fr o m stored m e r c h a n d ise in a c c o r d a n c e with s p e c ific a tio n s on sa le s s lip s , c u s to m e r s ' o r d e r s , o r oth er in stru ctio n s. M ay, in addition to fillin g o r d e rs and in dicatin g ite m s fille d o r om itted , keep r e c o r d s of outgoing o r d e r s , req u isition ad dition a l s to ck or r e p o r t sh ort su pplies to s u p e r v is o r , and p e r fo r m other re la te d du ties. S H IP P E R AND R E C E IV E R P e r fo r m s c l e r i c a l and p h y sica l tasks in con n ection w ith shipping g ood s o f the esta b lis h m e n t in w hich em p loyed and r e c e iv in g in com in g sh ip m en ts. In p e r fo r m in g d a y -to -d a y , routine ta sk s, fo llo w s esta b lish ed g u id e lin e s. In handling unusual nonroutine p r o b le m s , r e c e iv e s s p e c ific g u id a n ce f r o m s u p e r v is o r o r oth er o ffic ia ls . M ay d ir e c t and c o o rd in a te the a c tiv it ie s o f oth er w o r k e r s en gaged in handling g oods to be shipped or being r e c e iv e d . SHIPPING P A C K E R P r e p a r e s fin ish ed p rod u cts fo r shipm ent or sto ra g e by placing them in shipping c o n ta in e rs , the s p e c ific op era tion s p e r fo r m e d being dependent upon the typ e, s iz e , and num ber o f units to be p a ck ed, the type o f con tain er e m p lo y e d , and m ethod o f shipm ent. W ork r e q u ir e s the placing o f item s in shipping co n ta in e rs and m a y in v olv e one or m o r e o f the follow in g : K now ledge o f v a r io u s item s o f s to ck in o r d e r to v e r ify content; s e le c tio n o f ap p rop ria te type and s iz e o f co n ta in e r; in sertin g e n c lo s u r e s in co n ta in e r; using e x c e ls io r o r oth er m a te r ia l to preven t brea k a ge o r d a m age; c lo s in g and sealing c o n ta in e r; and applying la b e ls or en tering iden tifyin g data on con tain er. P a c k e r s who a ls o m ake w ooden b ox es o r c r a te s a r e exclu ded. S h ip p ers ty p ic a lly a r e re s p o n s ib le fo r m ost o f the fo llo w in g : V e r ify in g that o r d e r s a r e a c c u r a t e ly fille d by com p a rin g item s and quantities o f g o o d s g a th e re d fo r sh ipm ent again st docu m en ts; insuring that shipm ents a r e p r o p e r ly p a ck a g e d , id e n tifie d with shipping in form a tion , and loa d ed into tr a n s p o rtin g v e h ic le s ; p rep a rin g and keeping r e c o r d s of g ood s sh ipp ed, e .g ., m a n ife s ts , b ills o f la din g. R e c e iv e r s ty p ic a lly a r e r e sp o n sib le fo r m ost of the fo llo w in g : V e r ify in g the c o r r e c t n e s s o f in com in g shipm ents by com p a rin g item s and qu an tities u n loa ded a g a in st b ills o f ladin g, in v o ic e s , m a n ife s ts , s to ra g e 39 M A T E R I A L H A N D L IN G L A B O R E R GU A R D — C on tin u e d A w o r k e r e m p lo y e d in a w a r e h o u se , m a n u factu rin g plan t, s t o r e , o r oth e r esta b lis h m e n t w h ose duties in v olv e one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : L oading and unloading v a r io u s rtiaterials and m e r c h a n d ise on o r fr o m fre ig h t c a r s , tr u c k s , o r o th e r tra n sp o rtin g d e v ic e s ; unpacking, s h e lv in g , o r p la cin g m a te r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e in p r o p e r s to ra g e lo c a tio n ; and tr a n sp o rtin g m a te r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e by han dtruck, c a r , o r w h e e lb a r r o w . L o n g s h o re w o r k e r s , w ho loa d and unload sh ip s , are e x c lu d e d . G uards em p loyed by e sta b lis h m e n ts w h ich p r o v id e p r o te c tiv e s e r v ic e s on a con tra ct b a sis are in clu d ed in th is o ccu p a tio n . P O W E R -T R U C K O P E R A T O R O p e ra te s a m a n u ally c o n t r o lle d g a s o lin e - o r e le c t r ic -p o w e r e d tru ck o r t r a c t o r to tr a n s p o rt g ood s and m a te r ia ls o f a ll kinds about a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u factu rin g plant, o r oth e r esta b lis h m e n t. F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , guards a r e c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C lass A . E n fo rc e s reg u la tion s d e s ig n e d to p rev en t b r e a c h e s o f s e c u r it y . E x e r c is e s judgm ent and u ses d is c r e t io n in dea lin g w ith e m e r g e n c ie s and se c u rity v iola tion s en co u n te re d . D eterm in es w h eth er fir s t re sp o n se should be to in terven e d ir e c tly (askin g f o r a s s is ta n c e when d eem ed n e c e s s a r y and tim e a llo w s ), to k eep situ ation u nder s u r v e illa n c e , o r to r e p o r t situation so that it can be h andled by a p p ro p ria te au th ority . D uties re q u ire s p e c ia liz e d train in g in m eth od s and tech n iq u es o f p r o te c tin g s e c u r ity a r e a s . C om m on ly , the guard is r e q u ire d to d em on stra te continuing p h y s ic a l fitn e s s and p r o fic ie n c y with fir e a r m s o r oth er s p e c ia l w ea p on s. C la ss B . C a r r ie s out in s tru ctio n s p r im a r ily o r ie n te d to w a rd in su rin g that e m e r g e n c ie s and s e c u r ity v io la tio n s a re r e a d ily d is c o v e r e d and r e p o rte d to ap propriate authority. In terv en es d ir e c tly on ly in situ ation s w h ich re q u ire m in im al action to sa feg u a rd p r o p e r ty o r p e r s o n s . D uties re q u ire m in im a l train in g. C om m on ly , the gu a rd is not re q u ire d to d em on stra te p h y s ic a l fitn e s s. M ay be a rm ed , but g e n e r a lly is not r e q u ire d to d em on stra te p r o fic ie n c y in the use o f fir e a r m s o r s p e c ia l w ea p on s. F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c la s s ifie d by type o f p o w e r tr u ck , as fo llo w s : F o r k lift o p e r a t o r P o w e r -t r u c k o p e r a t o r (oth er than fo r k lift) JA N IT O R , P O R T E R , O R C LE A N E R Cleans and keeps in an o r d e r ly con d ition fa c to r y w ork in g a r e a s and w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m is e s o f an o f f i c e , ap artm en t h ou se, o r c o m m e r c ia l o r oth e r esta b lish m en t. Duties in volve a co m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : Sw eeping, m op pin g o r scru b b in g , and p olish in g f lo o r s ; r e m o v in g c h ip s , tr a s h , and oth e r r e fu s e ; dusting equ ipm ent, fu rn itu re , o r fix tu r e s ; p o lish in g m eta l fix tu re s o r tr im m in g s ; p rovid in g su pplies and m in o r m a in ten an ce s e r v ic e s ; and clean in g, la v a t o r ie s , s h o w e rs , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s who s p e c ia liz e in w indow w ashing are e x clu d e d . GUARD P r o t e c t s p r o p e r ty fr o m th eft o r d a m a g e, o r p e r s o n s fr o m h aza rd s o r in te r fe r e n c e . D uties in v olv e se r v in g at a fix e d p o s t, m aking rounds on foot o r by m o t o r v e h ic le , o r e s c o r tin g p e r s o n s o r p r o p e r ty . M ay be depu tized to m ake a r r e s t s . M ay a lso h elp v is it o r s and c u s to m e r s by an sw erin g q u estion s and g ivin g d ir e c tio n s . 40 Area Wage Surveys A lis t o f the la te s t b u lletin s av ailab le is p resen ted below . B u lletin s m a y be p u rc h a se d fr o m any o f the BLS reg ion a l o ffic e s shown on the ba ck c o v e r , o r fr o m the Su perin ten den t o f D ocu m en ts, U.S. G overn m en t P rin tin g O ffic e , W ashington, D .C . 20402. Make ch eck s payable to Superintendent o f D ocu m en ts. A d ir e c t o r y o f o ccu p a tio n a l w age su rvey s, c o v e r in g the y e a r s 1970 th rough 1977, is a v a ila b le on requ est. A rea A k ron , O hio, D e c . 1978 _______________________________________ A lban y—S ch en ecta d y —T r o y , N .Y ., Sept. 1 9 7 8 1_______________ A n a h eim —Santa Anar-G arden G ro v e , C a lif., O ct. 1 9 7 8 1 ____________________________________________ A tlanta, G a ., M ay 1979_______________________________________ B a ltim o r e , M d., Aug. 1978 1 _________________________________ B illin g s , M ont., July 1 9 7 8 ____________________________________ B irm in g h a m , A la ., M ar. 1 9 7 8 ________________________________ B oston , M a s s ., Aug. 1 9 7 8 1___________________________________ B u ffa lo, N .Y ., O ct. 1 9 7 8 1_____________________________________ Canton, O hio, M ay 19 7 8 _______________________________________ C h attanooga, T en n.—G a., Sept. 1978 1________________________ C h ic a g o , 111., M ay 1979_______________________________________ C in cin n a ti, O hio—Ky.—In d ., July 19 7 8 ________________________ C lev ela n d , O hio, Sept. 1 9 7 8 __________________________________ C olu m b u s, O hio, O ct. 1978 1 _________________________________ C o rp u s C h r is ti, T e x ., July 1 9 7 8 _____________________________ D a ll a s -F o r t W orth, T e x ., O ct. 1978 1________________________ D aven port—R o c k Island—M olin e, Iowa—111., F eb . 1979______ D ayton, O hio, D e c . 1978 ______________________________________ D aytona B ea ch , F la ., A u g. 1978 _____________________________ D env ei^ -B ou ld er, C o lo ., D e c . 1 9 7 8 __________________________ D e tr o it, M ich ., M ar. 1979 1 __________________________________ F r e s n o , C a lif., J u n e l 9 7 8 1___________________________________ G a in e s v ille , F la ., Sept. 1978 _________________________________ G ary—H am m ond—E a st C h ic a g o , Ind., Aug. 1979 1___________ G re e n Bay, W is ., July 1 9 7 8 1 _________________________________ G r e e n s b o r o —W in sto n -S a le m —High P oint, N .C ., Aug. 19 7 8 _______________________________________________ G r e e n v ille —S p artan bu rg, S .C ., June 1978 ___________________ H a r tfo r d , C on n ., M a r. 1979__________________________________ H ou ston , T e x ., A p r . 1979_____________________________________ H u n tsv ille, A la ., F e b . 1979___________________________________ In dia n a p olis, Ind., O ct. 1 9 7 8 1 ________________________________ J a ck son , M is s ., Jan. 1979 1 __________________________________ J a c k s o n v ille , F la ., D e c. 1978 ________________________________ K an sas C ity, M o .-K a n s ., Sept. 1 9 7 8 _________________________ L os A n g e le s —Long B ea ch , C a lif., O ct. 1 9 7 8 1 _______________ L o u is v ille , K y .-In d ., N ov. 1 9 7 8 ______________________________ M em p h is, Tenn.—A r k .—M i s s ., N ov. 1978 ____________________ B u lletin num ber and p r ic e * 2 0 25 -63, $ 1 .0 0 20 25 -58, $ 1 .2 0 2 0 25 -65, $ 1 .3 0 2 0 50 -20, $ 1 .3 0 2 0 25 -50, $ 1 .5 0 20 25 -38, $ 1 .0 0 20 25 -15, 80 cen ts 20 25 -43, $ 1 .5 0 2 0 25 -71, $ 1 .3 0 20 25 -22, 70 cen ts 2 0 25 -51, $ 1 .2 0 2 0 5 0 -2 1 , $ 1 .7 5 2 0 25 -39, $ 1 .1 0 20 25 -49, $ 1 .3 0 20 25 -59, $ 1 .5 0 2 0 2 5 -2 9 , $ 1 .0 0 2 0 25 -52, $ 1 .5 0 2 0 50 -10, $ 1 .0 0 20 25 -66, $ 1 .0 0 2 0 25 -48, $ 1 .0 0 2 0 25 -68, $ 1 .2 0 20 5 0 -7 , $ 1 .5 0 20 25 -31, $ 1 .2 0 2 0 25 -45, $ 1 .0 0 (To be surveyed) 2 0 25 -41, $ 1 .2 0 2 0 25 -46, 2 0 25 -30, 2 0 5 0 -1 2 , 2 0 50 -15, 2 0 5 0 -3 , 2 0 25 -57, 2 0 5 0 -9 , 2 0 25 -67, 20 2 5 -5 3 , 2 0 25 -61, 2 0 2 5 -6 9 , 2 0 25 -62, $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1.00 A rea M iam i, F la ., Oct. 1978 1________________________________________ M ilw aukee, W is., A p r. 1979___________________________________ M in n eap olis—St. Paul, M inn.—W is., Jan. 1979________________ N assau—Suffolk, N .Y ., June 1978 1_____________________________ N ew ark, N .J ., Jan. 1979________________________________________ New O rlea n s, L a., Jan. 1979 1________________________________ New Y ork, N .Y .-N .J ., M a y l 9 7 8 1 _____________________________ N orfolk —V irg in ia B each—P ortsm ou th , Va.— N .C ., M ay 1979 1_____________________________________________ N orfolk —V irg in ia B each—P ortsm ou th and N ew port News—Ham pton, Va.—N .C ., M ay 197 8 --------------------N orth east P en n sylva n ia , Aug. 1978 -----------------------------------------O klahom a C ity, O k la ., Aug. 19 7 8 ______________________________ Omaha, N eb r.—Iowa, Oct. 19 7 8 ________________________________ P a te rs o n —C lifton —P a s s a ic , N .J., June 1978 1____________ _____ P h ila delph ia, P a .-N .J ., Nov. 1978 ____________________________ P ittsb u rg h , P a ., Jan. 1979 1___________________________________ P ortla n d , M aine, D ec. 1 9 7 8 1 __________________________________ P ortla n d , O reg .—W ash., M ay 1978 ____________________________ P ou gh k eep sie, N. Y ., June 1978 1_______________________________ P ou g h k eep sie—K ingston—New burgh, N .Y ., June 1978 1 _______ P r o v id e n c e —W arw ick—Paw tucket, R .I.— M a s s ., June 19 78______________________________________________ R ich m on d, V a., June 19 7 8 _____________________________________ St. L ou is, M o.—111., M ar. 1979 1_______________________________ S a cra m en to, C a lif., D ec. 1978 ________________________________ Saginaw, M ich ., Nov. 1978 _____________________________________ Salt Lake C ity -O g d en , Utah, Nov. 1 9 7 8 * _____________________ San A ntonio, T e x ., M ay 1979___________________________________ San D iego, C a lif., Nov. 19 78___________________________________ San F r a n c is c o —Oakland, C a lif., M ar. 1979___________________ San J ose, C a lif., M ar. 1979____________________________________ Seattle—E v erett, W ash., D ec. 19 7 8 ____________________________ South Bend, Ind., Aug. 19 78____________________________________ T o le d o , Ohio—M ich ., M ay 1979________________________________ T ren ton , N .J., Sept. 1978 1 _____________________________________ U tica -R o m e , N .Y ., July 19 78__________________________________ W ashington, D .C .- M d .- V a ., M ar. 1979________________________ W ich ita, K a n s., A p r. 1979_____________________________________ W o r c e s te r , M a s s ., A p r. 1978 1________________________________ Y ork , P a ., F eb . 1979____________________________________________ Bulletin num ber and p r ic e * 20 25 -60, $ 1 .3 0 2050 -8, $1 .3 0 2050 -1, $1 .3 0 2025-33, $ 1 .3 0 2050 -5, $1 .3 0 20 50 -2, $ 1.30 2025-35, $ 1 .5 0 2050-22, $ 1 .7 5 2025-21, 80 cents 2025-47, $ 1 .0 0 20 25 -40, $ 1 .0 0 2025-56, $ 1 .0 0 2025-36, $ 1 .2 0 2025-54, $ 1 .3 0 20 50 -11, $1 .5 0 20 25 -70, $ 1 .2 0 2025-25, $ 1 .0 0 2025-37, $1 .1 0 2025-42, $ 1 .2 0 2025-27, $ 1 .4 0 2025-26, 80 cents 2050-13, $ 1 .5 0 2025-75, $ 1 .0 0 2025-64, $ 1.00 2025-72, $ 1 .3 0 2050-17, $1 .00 2025-73, $ 1 .0 0 2050-14, $1 .2 0 2050-19, $ 1 .1 0 2025-74, $1 .0 0 2025-44, $ 1 .0 0 2050-16, $1 .1 0 2025-55, $ 1 .2 0 2025-34, $ 1 .0 0 2050-4, $ 1 .2 0 2050-18, $ 1 .0 0 2025-19, $ 1 .1 0 2050-6, $1 .0 0 * Prices are determined by the Government Printing Office and are subject to change. 1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. 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