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^ - 3 . 3 : Area Wage Survey Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Virginia—North Carolina, Metropol itan Area, May 1978 Preface T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s r e s u lt s o f a M a y 1978 s u r v e y o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s in the N o rfo lk —V ir g in ia B e a ch —P o r ts m o u th , V ir g in ia - N o r t h C a r o lin a , S ta n da rd M e tr o p o lit a n S t a tis tic a l A r e a . T h e s u r v e y w a s m a d e as p a rt o f the B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s ' annual a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m . It w a s c o n d u c te d b y the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e in P h ila d e lp h ia , P a ., u n d e r the g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n o f Irw in L . F e ig e n b a u m , A s s is t a n t R e g io n a l C o m m is s io n e r f o r O p e r a t io n s . T h e s u r v e y co u ld not h av e b e e n a c c o m p lis h e d w ith ou t the c o o p e r a t io n o f the m a n y f ir m s w h o s e w a g e and s a la r y d a ta p r o v id e d the b a s is f o r the s t a t is t ic a l in fo r m a tio n in th is b u lle tin . T h e B u re a u w is h e s to e x p r e s s s in c e r e a p p r e c ia tio n f o r the c o o p e r a t io n r e c e i v e d . M a t e r ia l in this p u b lic a tio n is in the p u b lic d o m a in and m a y b e r e p r o d u c e d w ith ou t p e r m is s io n o f the F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t. P le a s e c r e d it the B u rea u p u b lica tio n . of Labor S t a tis tic s and c it e th e n am e and num ber of this Note: C u rre n t r e p o r t s on o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s a r e a v a ila b le f o r the c o m b in e d N o rfo lk —V ir g in ia B e a ch —P o r t s m o u t h and N e w p o r t N ew s—H am pton a r e a s f o r the m o v in g and s t o r a g e (M a y 1978) and la u n d r y and d r y c le a n in g (M a y 1978) in d u s t r ie s . A ls o a v a ila b le f o r th e N o r f o lk a r e a a r e lis t in g s o f u n ion w a g e ra te s f o r b u ild in g t r a d e s , p r in tin g t r a d e s , l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a t in g e m p lo y e e s , l o c a l t r u c k d r iv e r s and h e lp e r s , and g r o c e r y s t o r e e m p lo y e e s . F r e e c o p ie s o f th e s e a re a v a ila b le f r o m th e B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e s . (S ee b a ck c o v e r f o r a d d r e s s e s .) Area Wage Survey Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Virginia—North Carolina, Metropolitan Area, May 1978 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Julius Shiskin, Commissioner C o n ten ts P age Page July 1978 Bulletin 2025-20 I n t r o d u c t io n _________________________________________ 2 T a b le s : A. E a rn in g s , a ll e sta b lish m en ts: A - l . W eek ly ea rn in gs o f o ffic e w o r k e r s __ 3 A - 2 . W e e k ly ea rn in gs o f p r o fe s s io n a l and te ch n ica l w o r k e r s ______________ 5 A - 3 . A v e r a g e w e ek ly earn in gs o f o f fic e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and te c h n ica l w o r k e r s , by s e x _________ 6 A - 4. H ou rly ea rn in gs o f m a in ten a n ce, to o lr o o m , and pow erp la n t w o r k e r s ______________________________ 7 A - 5 . H ou rly ea rn in gs o f m a te ria l m o v e m e n t and cu stod ia l w o r k e r s __ 8 A - 6. A v e r a g e h o u rly ea rn in gs o f m a in ten a n ce, to o lr o o m , p o w e r plant, m a t e r ia l m ov em en t, and cu sto d ia l w o r k e r s , by s e x _________ 9 A - 7 . P e r c e n t in c r e a s e s in a vera ge h ou rly ea rn in g s, adjusted fo r em p loy m en t s h ifts, fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tio n a l g r o u p s _________________ 10 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, ll.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D C. 20402, GPO Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on back cover. A p p en d ix A . A p p en d ix B . S cop e and m eth od o f s u r v e y _________ 11 O ccu p a tion a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ___________ 14 Introduction T h is a r e a is 1 o f 75 in w h ic h th e U .S . D e p a rtm e n t o f L a b o r 's B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s c o n d u c ts s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d b e n e f it s . (S ee lis t o f a r e a s on in s id e b a c k c o v e r . ) In e a c h a r e a , o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s data ( A - s e r i e s t a b le s ) a re c o l l e c t e d a n n u a lly . In fo r m a tio n on e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e b e n e fit s ( B - s e r i e s t a b le s ) is o b ta in e d e v e r y th ir d y e a r . T h is r e p o r t h as n o B - s e r i e s t a b le s . E a c h y e a r a ft e r a ll in d iv id u a l a r e a w a g e s u r v e y s h a v e b e e n c o m p le t e d , tw o s u m m a r y b u lle tin s a r e is s u e d . T h e f i r s t b r in g s t o g e t h e r data f o r e a c h m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s u r v e y e d ; th e s e c o n d p r e s e n t s n a tio n a l and r e g io n a l e s t im a t e s , p r o je c t e d f r o m in d iv id u a l m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a d a ta , f o r a ll S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a s in th e U n ited S t a te s , e x c lu d in g A la s k a and H a w a ii. A m a j o r c o n s id e r a t io n in th e a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m is th e n e e d to d e s c r i b e the le v e l and m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s in a v a r ie t y o f la b o r m a r k e t s , th ro u g h th e a n a ly s is o f (1) th e le v e l and d is t r ib u t io n o f w a g e s b y o c c u p a t io n , and (2) th e m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s b y o c c u p a t io n a l c a t e g o r y and s k ill le v e l. T he p r o g r a m d e v e lo p s in fo r m a t io n that m a y b e u s e d f o r m a n y p u r p o s e s , in clu d in g w a g e and s a la r y a d m in is t r a t io n , c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a in in g , and a s s i s t a n c e in d e t e r m in in g p la n t lo c a t io n . S u r v e y r e s u lt s a ls o a r e u se d b y th e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r to m a k e w a g d d e t e r m in a tio n s u n d er th e S e r v ic e C o n tr a c t A c t o f 1965. A - s e r i e s ta b le s T a b le s A - 1 th rou g h A - 6 p r o v id e e s t im a t e s o f s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly o r h o u r ly e a rn in g s f o r w o r k e r s in o c c u p a t io n s c o m m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s t r ie s . F o r th e 31 la r g e s t s u r v e y a r e a s , ta b le s A - 8 th ro u g h A - 13 p r o v id e s i m i l a r data f o r e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e . T a b le A - 7 p r o v id e s p e r c e n t ch a n g e s in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s , in d u s t r ia l n u r s e s , s k ille d m a in te n a n ce tr a d e s w o r k e r s , and u n s k ille d pla n t w o r k e r s . W h e re p o s s ib le , data a re p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll in d u s t r ie s and f o r m a n u fa c tu rin g and n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g s e p a r a t e ly . D ata a r e n ot p r e s e n t e d f o r s k ille d m a in te n a n ce w o r k e r s in n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g b e c a u s e th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in th is o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p in n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g is t o o s m a ll to w a rra n t s e p a ra te p r e s e n ta t io n . T h is ta b le p r o v id e s a m e a s u r e o f w a g e tr e n d s a ft e r e lin im a tio n o f ch a n g e s in a v e r a g e e a r n in g s c a u s e d b y e m p lo y m en t s h ifts a m on g e s ta b lis h m e n ts as w e ll as t u r n o v e r o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts in c lu d e d in s u r v e y s a m p le s . F o r fu r t h e r d e t a ils , s e e a p p e n d ix A. A p p e n d ix e s A p p en d ix A d e s c r i b e s th e m e th o d s and c o n c e p t s u s e d in the a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m and p r o v id e s in fo r m a t io n on the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . A p p en d ix B p r o v id e s jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s m is t s to c la s s ify w o r k e r s b y o c c u p a t io n . u s e d b y B u r e a u f ie ld e c o n o A. Earnings Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Va. —N.C., May 1978 Weekly earnings1 (standard) O ccu pa tion and in d u stry d iv isio n ALL of workers Average weekly (standard) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s o f ---S Mean 2 Median 2 Middle range 2 $ s $ $ $ $ s % * $ $ * $ % t % s % $ s 100 11 0 120 130 14 0 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 2 20 230 240 2 50 27 0 290 3 10 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100 110 12 0 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 24 0 2 50 2 70 2 90 31 0 33 0 350 37 33 4 i 4 i 3 1 8 5 3 1 17 17 15 3 - 3 2 1 1 2 2 - 2 1 1 1 1 1 _ - _ - - - 4 4 1 1 1 1 90 and under 330 WORKERS SECRETARIES ----------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ------------------------------ 46 5 178 287 62 39.5 39.0 3 9.5 39.0 $ 1 83 .50 1 92 .00 1 78 .00 216 .00 $ $ $ 1 70.50 1 5 0 . 0 0 - 2 1 3 . 0 0 188.00 1 5 5 .0 0 -2 2 6 .5 0 1 68 .00 1 5 0 .0 0 - 2 0 0 .0 0 2 06 .00 1 7 5 .5 0 - 2 7 3 .5 0 - - 4 3 1 " 20 7 13 ~ 34 9 25 ” 32 12 20 1 63 18 45 2 69 22 47 7 37 8 29 7 27 13 14 1 21 7 14 8 35 6 29 12 30 22 8 3 19 8 11 SE CR ET ARI ES. CLASS B --------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------- 88 29 59 3 9.5 39.5 40.0 178 .50 1 85.00 1 75 .50 1 70 .00 2 00 .50 165.00 1 5 0 .0 0 -2 1 0 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 -2 1 6 .5 0 1 5 0 .0 0 -2 0 0 .0 0 - - - 5 5 “ 1 22 5 17 2 1 1 5 1 11 ~ 11 5 7 2 5 3 1 2 9 5 4 10 6 4 6 1 5 3 2 1 SEC R ET AR IE S. CLASS C --------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------- 188 72 116 3 9.5 39.0 4 0 .0 183 .00 2 0 6 .00 169 .00 175.00 202.50 1 61.00 1 60 .00 -2 06 .00 1 7 4 .0 0 -2 3 6 .5 0 1 5 3 .0 0 -1 8 5 .0 0 - - 1 1 6 4 2 17 39 7 32 22 8 14 14 7 7 13 4 9 15 1 14 5 2 3 4 2 2 26 25 1 - - 8 2 6 21 4 - 8 8 secretaries, 158 73 85 39.0 39.0 39.0 1 7 8 .50 175 .50 1 81 .00 165.00 164.50 168.00 1 41 .50 -2 16 .00 1 4 5 .5 0 -2 1 6 .0 0 1 3 6 .0 0 -1 9 4 .5 0 - - 3 3 7 2 5 25 7 18 13 8 5 20 9 11 28 14 14 8 4 4 2 14 14 5 5 - 5 2 3 5 4 1 1 1 i i - 15 STENOGRAPHERS -----------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ------------------------------ 117 106 30 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 168 .50 1 65 .50 222 .50 1 40.00 1 3 6 . 0 0 - 1 8 8 . 0 0 140.00 1 3 5 .0 0 - 1 7 3 .0 0 2 17.00 1 7 7 . 0 0 - 2 8 2 . 0 0 - - - 15 15 20 20 7 7 1 3 3 3 14 14 i 6 4 3 1 1 1 9 3 3 3 - 2 2 2 - - - 24 24 3 2 2 2 11 11 11 STENOGRAPHERS. GENERAL ---------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 90 87 4 0 .0 4 0.0 1 64.00 1 63 .00 1 40.00 140.00 - ■- _ 7 7 1 1 i i 2 1 5 3 2 2 _ _ - 20 20 _ - 24 24 - - 15 15 - - 2 2 11 11 c l a s s 0 --------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------- 1 3 5 .0 0 -1 7 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 -1 5 7 .5 0 “ 8 - " 2 - 3 2 1 - - - ~ ~ 15 2 - - 2 - - - - - * - - _ _ _ - - - SENIOR ------------------------- 27 40.0 1 84 .00 1 76.00 1 7 3 .0 0 -1 9 5 .5 0 - - - - - - - 2 13 4 1 4 3 - - - - - - - - T YP I ST S --------------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ------------------------------ 22 9 64 165 54 39.0 3 9.0 38.5 39.0 1 48 .50 1 65 .00 142 .50 1 62.00 142.00 1 64.00 1 40.00 151.00 1 20 .00 -1 65 .00 1 3 7 .0 0 -1 9 8 .5 0 1 2 0 .0 0 -1 5 0 .0 0 1 46 .00 -1 87 .50 - 4 ~ 4 36 7 29 5 31 5 26 3 35 13 22 4 33 2 31 15 28 2 26 8 13 5 8 2 5 2 3 3 - 27 24 3 3 6 4 2 - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ - - “ 11 11 11 “ ~ A ------------------------------------- 52 3 9.5 1 73.50 185.00 1 3 8 .5 0 -1 9 8 .5 0 - - - - 14 1 1 8 2 - 24 2 - - - - - - - - T Y P I S T S . CLASS B ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ------------------------------ 177 146 48 3 8.5 3 8.5 39.0 1 41 .50 140 .00 1 62.50 1 39 .00 139.50 1 48.00 1 2 0 .0 0 -1 5 0 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 -1 5 0 .0 0 1 45 .00 -1 90 .50 - 4 4 36 29 5 31 26 3 21 16 3 32 31 15 27 25 7 5 ~ ~ 3 1 1 - 3 3 3 4 - 11 11 11 - - - - - - ” ~ F IL E CLERKS ----------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 1 44 138 39.5 39.5 114 .50 1 13 .50 109.00 109.00 1 0 6 .0 0 -1 1 9 .0 0 1 0 6 .0 0 -1 1 9 .0 0 - 76 73 34 33 16 16 14 14 1 1 - 1 1 - - ” ~ ~ “ ~ FILE CLERKS. CLASS C --------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 1 22 120 39.5 3 9.5 1 1 2 .50 1 13 .00 107.50 10 7 . 5 0 1 0 6 .0 0 -1 1 7 .5 0 1 0 6 .0 0 -1 1 7 .5 0 - 70 69 26 25 12 12 14 14 ME SS EN G ER S ------------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING---------------------------------- 29 25 39.5 4 0 .0 1 19 .00 1 21 .00 1 10.00 110.00 1 1 0 .0 0 -1 2 6 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 -1 2 8 .0 0 - 7 4 13 12 4 4 1 1 3 3 - - - - i i SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS -----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 61 52 3 9.5 39.5 132 .50 1 30.50 130.00 129.50 1 2 0 .0 0 -1 4 8 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 -1 3 7 .5 0 2 2 3 3 9 7 15 14 15 13 7 6 1 4 4 3 3 i 1 SWITCHBOARO OPE RA T O R- RE CE P TI O NI S T S MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 157 36 121 3 9 .5 3 9.5 39.5 1 33.50 1 49 .50 1 28 .50 1 26.00 1 42.00 1 25.00 1 2 0 .0 0 -1 4 2 .0 0 1 3 1 .5 0 -1 5 7 .0 0 1 1 0 .3 0 -1 2 7 .0 0 - 32 1 31 5 2 3 62 2 60 15 12 3 13 10 3 10 4 4 - 5 2 3 8 6 2 3 1 2 - - - - - - STENOGRAPHERS. TYPISTS. CLASS See footnotes - - - at end o f t a b l e s . 3 - “ “ ” 2 “ * 10 “ ~ - - - ~ - - ” - - - Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1978— Continued Weekly earnings1 (standard) O ccu pa tion and in d u stry d iv is io n Number of woiken Average weekly hours1 (standard) N u m ber o f w o r k e r s re c e iv in g straigh t-tim e w eekly earnings of— 90 Mean2 Median2 Middle range 2 * s * $ % $ s S s S s $ s $ % * % * $ % % 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 1 80 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 270 290 31 0 330 100 110 120 130 140 150 16 0 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 2 70 290 310 330 350 4 3 6 6 1 1 11 11 1 13 7 6 1 10 5 5 2 14 11 3 3 4 2 2 2 11 11 - ~ ~ - - ~ ~ 11 11 - - - ~ - - - - and under ALL. WORKERS— CONTINUED ORDER CLERKS -------------NONMANUFACTURING 74 70 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 $ 1 15.50 1 13.00 S 106 .00 106 .00 $ $ 1 0 6 .0 0 -1 2 4 .5 0 1 0 6 .0 0 -1 2 0 .0 0 12 12 37 37 2 CLASS B ------------------------- 57 4 0 .0 118.00 106 .00 1 0 6 .3 0 -1 2 9 .0 0 - 35 4 4 1 11 1 - - 1 ACCOUNTING CLERKS --------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ------------------------------ 482 15 9 323 74 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 9.5 1 53.00 1 5 6 .00 151.00 1 56 .50 1 47.00 139 .00 151 .50 1 50.00 1 25 .50 -1 71 .00 1 2 0 .0 0 -1 8 6 .0 0 1 2 8 .0 0 -1 7 1 .0 0 1 3 8 .0 0 -1 6 7 .0 0 - 69 24 45 5 59 23 36 7 54 23 31 11 57 15 42 14 53 11 42 12 40 2 38 11 42 5 37 1 19 9 10 - 16 10 6 - - 21 1 20 5 ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS A ------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------- 131 53 78 34 39.5 3 9.5 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 183.50 205.00 168.50 1 78 .00 176 .00 2 15.50 1 67 .00 167 .00 1 5 4 .0 0 -2 1 5 .5 0 1 7 8 .5 0 -2 2 6 .0 0 1 4 9 .0 0 -1 8 6 .0 0 1 5 4 .0 0 -2 0 0 .0 0 - - 5 - - 3 - - - 5 - 3 - 3 1 2 - 15 3 12 6 15 5 10 7 10 1 9 7 20 4 16 1 10 5 5 - 6 1 5 5 7 4 3 1 8 5 3 2 14 11 3 3 4 2 2 2 ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS B ------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 351 106 245 3 9.5 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 1 41 .50 1 31 .50 1 45 .50 1 36 .00 124 .00 141 .50 1 2 0 .0 0 -1 5 9 .0 0 1 1 7 .0 0 -1 4 0 .0 0 1 2 6 .0 0 -1 6 5 .0 0 _ - 16 10 6 64 24 40 56 23 33 51 22 29 42 12 30 38 6 32 30 1 29 22 1 21 9 4 5 15 15 6 3 3 2 2 - ~ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BOOKKEE PING-MACHINE O P E R A T O R S ----------- 27 39.5 1 55 .50 146 .00 1 3 8 .0 0 -1 7 2 .5 0 - - - 2 6 6 1 5 - 7 160 .00 1 61.00 140 .00 1 3 0 .0 0 -1 8 3 .5 0 1 3 6 .0 0 -1 8 6 .0 0 1 2 1 .5 0 -1 7 9 .0 0 2 - 9 4 5 9 7 2 5 1 4 1 1 “ 13 10 3 2 2 ~ 4 2 2 6 5 1 4 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - 1 1 2 3 3 2 “ 138 .00 1 2 5 .0 0 -1 8 8 .5 0 - 4 6 10 4 - 1 - 9 - - - - - - - - 17 10 10 9 ORDER CLERKS. PAYROLL CLERKS ---------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 61 35 26 3 8 .5 3 9.5 37.5 158.50 1 6 5 .50 1 49 .50 KEY ENTRY OPERATORS: MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------- 39 3 9 .0 153.50 KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. See fo otn otes CLASS A -------- 80 3 9.5 154.00 150 .00 1 2 6 .5 0 -1 7 5 .5 0 2 15 2 at end o f t a b l e s . 4 4 5 2 - 3 - - “ ~ “ - 1 2 1 2 ~ Table A-2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth, Va. —N.C., May 1978 ^"weekl^arnlng^^™ (standard) Number O cc u p a tio n and in d u str y d i v is i o n woxkers Average weekly hours1 (standard) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s o f ---s * 12 0 Mean2 Middle range2 Median 2 s $ s s * $ s s s $ % S $ $ s $ s s 130 140 150 160 17 0 180 200 220 240 26 0 28 0 300 3 20 340 360 380 4 00 420 440 460 140 150 16 0 170 18 0 200 220 240 260 28 0 300 320 340 360 380 4 00 42 0 440 460 48 0 10 ~ ~ 2 2 7 14 24 20 3 6 3 * 10 a 2 6 - 12 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - an d under 13 0 ALL WORKERS COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (B U S I N E S S ) ---------------------------------------------------- $ $ $ 91 3 9.5 318 .50 3 23 .00 3 0 2 .0 0 -3 4 8 .5 0 COMPUTER SYSTEMS a n a l y s t s ( B U S I N E S S ) . CLASS A -------------------------- 3 2 3 .0 0 -3 8 2 .0 0 $ ~ 32 3 9.5 3 54 .00 3 52.00 COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS ( B U S I N E S S ) . CLASS C -------------------------- 33 39.5 2 75.00 3 03 .00 1 9 5 .0 0 -3 1 9 .5 0 - - COMPUTER OPERATORS ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 187 40 147 4 0.0 39.0 4 0.0 179 .00 2 0 4 .50 172 .00 1 68 .00 1 90 .00 167.50 1 5 2 .0 0 -1 9 5 .0 0 1 6 5 .0 0 -2 0 1 .0 0 1 5 2 .0 0 -1 8 8 .5 0 1 1 5 1 COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS B -------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 80 56 39.5 4 0.0 194 .00 190 .00 1 86 .50 1 89 .50 1 6 5 .0 0 -2 0 2 .0 0 1 7 0 .0 0 -2 0 1 .0 0 - COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS C -------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 92 83 4 0.0 4 0.0 1 5 9 .00 1 5 4 .50 152.00 1 52.00 1 4 4 .0 0 -1 6 8 .0 0 1 4 2 .5 0 -1 6 7 .0 0 DRAFTERS ---------------------------------------------------------DRAFTERS. ELECTRONICS 4 1 * 1 a “ 4 - 28 1 27 2 2 2 2 2 1 5 2 3 8 1 7 2 2 - - - - ~ - - 1 1 - 3 3 _ - - - - - - 3 _ _ _ - - - 1 - - - - - ~ ” “ “ ~ - - 10 - 35 8 27 29 2 27 30 11 19 14 1 13 16 10 11 10 21 19 10 9 3 1 19 17 17 17 5 _ _ - - - 3 2 6 25 25 20 20 - 6 5 “ 165 39.5 248.50 2 39 .50 2 1 0 .0 0 -2 9 6 .0 0 1 5 1 4 - 5 17 24 28 8 20 15 91 3 9.5 2 57 .00 2 42 .00 2 1 0 .0 0 -3 3 0 .0 0 - - - - - 5 10 13 17 5 9 7 TECHN ICIA NS. 33 39.5 3 16 .00 311 .50 2 9 9 .0 0 -3 2 2 .5 0 A— 14 S e e f o o t n o t e s at en d o f t a b l e s . 5 - 1 “ CLASS B -------------------------------CLASS 2 - 26 6 20 1 2 12 - 9 20 - 5 - - - - - 20 - 5 - - - - - ~ 1 ' ' 7 2 Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex. in Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1978 Average (mean^) Sex, 3 o ccu pa tio n , OFFICE and in du stry d iv is io n OCCUPATIONS - Number of workers Weekly hours (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) WOMEN SECRETARIES ----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ------------------ 464 178 286 39.5 3 9 .0 3 9.5 3 9.0 $ 183.50 192.00 178 .00 2 16.00 SE CR ET ARI ES. CLASS B ---------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------NONHANUFACTURING ---------------------- 29 59 39.5 39.5 4 0 .0 1 78.50 1 85 .00 175.50 SE CR ET ARI ES. CLASS C --------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------- 187 72 1 15 3 9.5 3 9.0 4 0 .0 1 83 .00 206.00 168.50 SE CR ET ARI ES. CLASS 0 --------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------- 158 73 85 3 9 .0 39.0 3 9.0 1 7 8 .50 1 7 5 .50 1 81.00 STENOGRAPHERS -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------- 111 100 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 162 .50 1 58.00 STENOGRAPHERS. GENERAL ----------NONHANUFACTURING ----------------------- 84 81 4 0 .0 40.0 1 55 .50 154.00 STENOGRAPHERS. SENIOR -------------- 27 4 0 .0 184.00 TYP IS TS --------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ------------------- 22 6 61 165 54 39.0 39.0 38.5 39.0 1 4 9 .00 166.00 142 .* 0 1 62 .00 A -------------------------- 49 39.5 176 .00 T Y P I S T S . CLASS B -------------------------NONHANUFACTURING ----------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ------------------- 177 14 6 48 38.5 38.5 39.0 1 41 .50 1 4 0 .00 162.50 FIL E CLERKS -----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------- 143 138 39.5 39.5 1 1 4 .50 1 1 3 .50 FILE CLERKS. CLASS C ---------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------- 121 120 39.5 3 9.5 1 13 .00 1 13 .00 TYPISTS. CLASS Sex, 3 o ccu p a tio n , an d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n workers Weekly hours (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) Sex, 3 o cc u p a t io n , a nd i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS NONMANUFACTURING - SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------- 60 52 3 9 .5 39.5 $ 1 3 2 .50 1 30 .50 157 36 39.5 3 9.5 3 9.5 1 33 .50 149 .50 128 .50 121 ORDER CLERKS --------------NONMANUFACTURING CLASS 39.0 39.0 116 .50 1 1 4 .00 B 57 40.0 118 .00 ACCOUNTING CLERKS -------MANUFACTURING ---------NONMANUFACTURING — PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 469 15 4 315 69 3 9.5 3 9.0 4 0 .0 39.5 1 51.50 1 5 4 .50 1 50 .50 1 52.50 ACCOUNTING CLERKS. C MANUFACTURING ---------NONMANUFACTURING — PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 122 48 74 3 9.5 3 9 .5 3 9.5 39.0 180 .50 2 04.00 165 .50 171 .00 ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS B MANUFACTURING -------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------- 34 7 1 06 241 3 9 .5 39.0 40.0 1 41.50 1 31.50 146 .00 BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS 39.5 1 5 5 .50 PAYROLL CLERKS ---------MANUFACTURING ----NONMANUFACTURING 38.5 39.0 3 7 .5 158 .00 164 .50 149 .50 3 9.0 1 53 .50 3 9 .5 154 .00 MANUFACTURING ---------KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. Weekly houre (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS (B U SI N ES S) ----------------------------------------------------- 78 4 0 .0 $ 3 19 .00 COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS ( B U S I N E S S ) • CLASS A --------------------------- 27 39.5 358.50 COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS ( B U S I N E S S ) . CLASS C --------------------------- 29 4 0 .0 2 74 .00 ------ 40 39.5 256 .00 COMPUTER OPERATORS ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 1 22 26 96 4 0 .0 3 9.0 4 0 .0 1 85 .50 2 27 .00 1 7 4 .50 B ----------- 44 3 9 .5 211 .00 COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS C ----------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 67 61 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 162 .50 156.50 DRAFTERS ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 54 COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ORDER CLERKS. Number of workers PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - HEN OFFICE OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— CONTINUED CLASS A ------ S e e f o o t n o t e s at e n d o f t a b l e s . Average (mean2) Average (mean2) Number of 6 COMPUTER OPERATORS. (BUSINESS) CLASS 39.5 254 .50 CLASS B ---------------------------------- 89 3 9 .5 2 5 8 .50 TECHN ICIA NS. A------ 33 3 9.5 316 .00 COMPUTER OPERATORS -----------------------------------NONM ANUF A C T U R I N 6 ---------------------------------- 65 51 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 166 .50 167 .50 COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS B ----------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 36 26 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 73.50 1 77.50 COMPUTER OPERATORS. 25 4 0 .0 1 4 9 . 5U DRAFTERS. ELECTRONICS CLASS PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN CLASS C ----------- Table A-4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1978 Hourly earnings * N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s o f— S 3 .3 0 Number O cc u p a tio n and in d u stry d i v is i o n workers Mean 2 Median2 Middle range 2 * 3 .4 0 s 3 .5 0 $ 3 .6 0 * 3 .8 0 % 4 .0 0 S 4 .2 0 S 4 .4 0 s 4 .6 0 t 4 .8 0 t 5 .0 0 * 5 .2 0 > .40 * 5 .6 0 .00 ! 6 .40 6 .80 5 7 .20 s 7 .6 0 * 8 .0 0 S 8 .40 i 8 .8 0 * 9 .2 0 3 .5 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 > .60 6 .0 0 .40 .80 .20 7 .60 8 .0 0 8 .4 0 8 .80 9 .2 0 9 .6 0 2 2 5 5 12 12 3 3 12 8 4 4 19 17 9 i 2 2 22 1 _ 2 2 12 12 3 3 12 8 2 1 a 8 _ - 4 4 3 1 37 37 5 5 29 29 22 22 6 2 45 44 12 “ ” 5 5 4 1 - - 14 43 - - - 12 12 14 14 43 30 and under 3 .4 0 ALL WORKERS EL ECT RI CI AN S ----------------------m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----------------------------------------- 130 95 $ 7 .8 6 7 .7 7 $ 7 .8 2 7 .2 3 $ 6 .7 5 6 .4 0 - $ 9 .5 8 9 .5 8 HAINTENANCE MACHINISTS ---------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------- 50 43 6 .5 3 6 .4 0 6 .5 8 6 .4 3 5 .8 9 5 .8 9 - 7 .2 3 7 .2 3 HAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MACHINERY) MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------nonmanufacturing: PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ------------------------------ 1 86 150 6 .4 5 6 .0 9 6 .2 4 5 .9 7 5 .5 0 5 .2 4 - 6 .9 1 6 .9 1 34 7 .9 3 7 .8 2 7 .8 2 - 8 .5 7 HAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MOTOR VEHICLES) --------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ------------------------------ 1 93 53 140 111 6 .4 7 6 .1 5 6 .5 9 6 .5 7 6 .5 0 5 .6 0 6 .8 5 6 .7 0 5 .6 0 4 .7 0 6 .3 1 6 .3 1 - 7 .0 7 6 .0 5 7 .0 7 7 .0 7 - - BOILER TENDERS ---------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------- 31 31 5 .5 7 5 .5 7 4 .5 4 4 .5 4 3 .9 4 3 .9 4 - 6.0 1 6 .0 1 6 6 - maintenance ~ “ - - - - - - - - “ - - “ _ - - “ ” _ _ - - _ - - _ - 18 - - 1 1 - “ 1 1 S e e f o o t n o t e s at e n d o f t a b l e s . ~ i i 7 2 2 4 4 - 6 6 - 8 8 18 18 _ 11 9 2 - - _ - - - 7 5 2 - 6 6 3 3 - - 4 4 _ - - 19 13 6 - - - _ _ 1 1 29 2 27 27 4 4 _ - _ 17 - 2 - 17 - 12 _ _ - - _ “ 39 39 - - ~ - 26 2 - 26 22 2 “ “ - - - - - 7 7 Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1978 H ourly earnings O ccu pa tion and in d u stry d iv isio n Number of workers Mean 2 Median2 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s re c e iv in g str a igh t-tim e h ourly earnings o f— Middle range 2 s S 2 .7 0 * 2 .8 0 S 2 .9 0 S 3 .0 0 S 3 .2 0 * 3 .40 1 3 .6 0 s 2 .6 0 3 .8 0 $ 4 .0 0 S 4 .4 0 S 4 .8 0 * 5 .2 0 $ 5 .6 0 S 6 .0 0 S 6 .4 0 S 6 .8 0 * 7 .2 0 S 7 .6 0 $ 8 .0 0 $ 8 .4 0 S 8 .8 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .60 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .4 0 4 .8 0 5 .2 0 5 .6 0 6 .0 0 6 .4 0 6 .8 0 7t?0 7 .6 0 8t<?9 8 .4 0 8 .8 0 9 .2 0 9 .6 0 1 26 22 22 “ 68 2 68 2 152 6 14 6 - 1 21 121 - 34 2 32 - 135 8 127 - 6 5 1 95 68 27 7 3 4 25 22 3 3 3 - 249 249 156 - 2 2 - 16 - - - 149 97 52 2 26 16 10 - 193 25 1 68 122 - - 105 105 19 19 _ 9 8 _ _ _ 6 _ _ - - _ - _ - - - ~ - - - “ - - - 127 - 12 1 23 1 22 86 8 78 - 2 - - - - - and under * 9 .2 0 - ALL WORKERS TRUCKDRIVERS -------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUF A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------- 1 . 5 38 25 4 1 .2 8 4 38 5 $ 4 .7 4 4 .8 0 4 .7 2 6 .6 9 $ 4 . 25 4 .8 0 3 .7 5 6 .8 5 $ 3 .2 5 4 .5 6 3 .0 0 4 .2 5 - $ 6 .3 5 4 .8 0 6 .8 5 9 .3 5 TRUCKORIVERS. LIGHT TRUCK --------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 22 8 221 2 .8 3 2 .7 8 2 .6 5 2 .6 5 2 .6 5 2 .6 5 - 2 .8 8 2 .8 8 1 19 119 15 15 60 60 - TRUCKDRIVERS. MEDIUM TRUCK ------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 654 64 590 4 .2 5 5 .0 3 4 .1 7 3 .6 4 4 .5 6 3 .6 4 3 .2 5 4 .4 0 3 .1 0 - 5 .0 0 6 .3 5 4 .7 5 7 7 7 8 2 7 8 2 127 12 1 TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK ( TRAILER ) -------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------- 37 6 61 315 1 96 5 .6 1 4 .7 7 5 .7 7 5 .2 8 5 .1 1 4 .7 3 6 .8 5 4 .2 5 4 .2 5 4 .2 0 4 .2 5 4 .2 5 - 6 .8 5 5 .4 1 7 .0 0 6 .8 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - TRUCKORIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK (OTHER THAN TRAIL ER) ------------------------- 16 9 4 .3 7 4 .8 0 3 .6 3 - 4 .8 0 - SHIPPING CLERKS ------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 81 74 4 .1 9 4 .1 1 4 .6 3 4 .2 9 3 .5 0 3 .5 0 - 4 .7 5 4 .6 3 - RECEIVING CLERKS ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 91 52 5 .7 9 4 .4 6 5 .6 0 4 .6 3 4 .6 2 3 .7 4 - 7 .7 4 4 .7 6 - 3 3 2 2 CLERKS ----------- 67 4 .2 3 4 .6 0 3 .2 5 - 5 .0 0 5 - WAREHOUSEMEN -------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------- 286 16 6 120 67 5 .2 1 4 .6 1 6 .0 5 7 .1 4 4 .5 3 4 .4 6 4 .8 5 7 .0 4 4 .4 6 4 .4 6 4 .2 5 4 .2 5 - 4 .9 5 4 .6 8 9 .3 5 9 .3 5 1 ORDER FILLE RS ------------------------------------------------ 210 4 .8 4 4 .7 3 4 .4 5 - MATERIAL HANDLING LABORERS -----------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 1 .0 2 6 41 1 615 4 .2 0 4 .0 7 4 .2 8 3 .6 0 3 .9 4 3 .3 8 FORKLIFT OPERATORS -----------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 45 7 317 1 40 5 .0 1 5 .1 6 4 .6 6 4 .6 3 4 .8 0 4 .6 0 SHIPPING AND RECEIVING 12 6 “ 2 2 5 5 2 2 23 21 _ 5 1 5 - 9 6 1 2 _ 38 2 6 1 2 - - 38 24 12 8 127 1 - - 11 - 6 - - - 64 6 6 40 27 13 13 8 107 31 23 16 7 12 12 - 45 37 8 14 3 74 69 2 2 10 4 6 14 11 3 40 16 24 3 3 ~ _ _ _ “ 6 6 _ ~ - 14 14 3 2 16 10 - “ 18 16 3 1 2 66 9 57 2 46 6 40 1 25 20 5 ~ 88 73 15 7 5 12 1 - 1 2 1 1 " - 1 6 .2 2 19 6 3 2 .8 5 3 .3 0 2 .8 5 - 4 .8 8 4 .4 3 6 .1 2 51 13 38 89 10 79 15 7 3 15 4 4 .1 8 4 .2 3 3 .7 5 - 5 .4 5 5 .4 5 6 .2 7 4 4 “ 12 2 10 3 1 2 - _ _ _ 55 18 - - J AN IT ORS . PORTERS. AND CLEANERS -----MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------- 720 204 516 36 3 .3 1 4 .1 1 3 .0 0 4 .5 7 2 .8 9 3 .6 0 2 .6 5 4 .5 2 2 .6 5 3 .6 0 2 .6 5 3 .7 0 - 3 .6 0 4 .5 8 3 .0 1 4 .8 0 32 8 8 32 0 15 15 2 17 3 14 1 ” at end o f t a b l e s . 143 _ - 26 4 _ 85 - 4 .1 7 4 .5 6 3 3 32 32 5 5 2 .7 5 3 .6 7 - 6 2 4 29 2 2 3 .2 5 4 .1 5 17 15 2 2 2 - 3 .5 4 4 .1 1 39 10 29 - - 233 88 11 11 - 1 1 - GUARDS AND WATCHMEN ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------- 3 106 1 06 - 3 3 4 .9 8 4 .9 8 3 - - 15 15 4 .0 1 4 .0 1 - 22 22 ~ 49 6 - 4 .0 6 4 .0 6 1 1 “ - - - 4 .7 5 4 .7 2 9 1 8 17 16 - - 91 89 25 2 23 ~ “ 8 5 5 ~ * 49 22 27 “ - _ 1 - 55 7 48 13 6 18 11 8 11 8 ~ - _ - ~ POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS (OTHER THAN FOR KLI FT) ------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------- See fo otn otes - 1 " ~ ' " 143 78 16 - 2 _ _ - - ~ 16 “ ~ _ _ “ _ - 16 ~ 105 ” - - - - - - - - - - 8 2 - 1 1 2 2 - _ _ - - _ - - - - - 3 3 3 3 3 3 _ _ _ _ “ - 37 - _ - 1 1 - - - 18 - 1 - 6 - - - - - - 42 32 10 1 3 10 9 - - - - 33 1 3 10 “ 9 9 ~ - 8 7 1 1 33 33 4 32 - 65 - - - - - - - 30 29 1 58 44 14 8 24 20 5 14 4 - _ - - 8 24 20 5 14 4 - 33 33 " - " 67 *9 18 130 10 0 30 64 64 - 43 ~ _ _ - 63 63 _ - _ - 2 ” ~ 43 “ " ” 52 52 _ 16 16 _ . 2 - - 3 1 28 27 30 18 _ - _ “ - - 8 3 5 1 32 22 10 2 47 41 6 3 18 1 17 10 2 1 2 1 - 2 ~ 3 - " _ _ _ - - - 7 ~ 7 7 - 17 17 15 15 - - - 9 6 _ _ _ - - - - - - _ - " _ _ - " - ~ - " _ Table A-6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, powerplant, material movement, and custodial workers, by sex, in Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1978 Sex, 3 occupation, and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of woikers A vera ge (m ea n 2 ) hourly earnings4 MAINTENANCE MACHINISTS MANUFACTURING ----------MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MACHINERY* MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------n on m a nufac tur ing: PUBLIC U T I L IT I E S ----------------------------- Number of A verage (m e a n 2 ) hourly earnings * 13 0 95 7 .8 6 7 .7 7 (SHIPPING CLERKS ------NONMANUFACTURING 75 74 $ 4 .1 3 4 .1 1 50 93 6 .5 3 6 .9 0 (RECEIVING CLERKS ---NONMANUFACTURING 87 52 5 .7 0 4 .4 6 1 86 150 6 .4 5 6 .0 9 SHIPPING 39 7 .9 3 MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MOTOR VEHICLES* -------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L IT I E S ----------------------------- 193 53 140 1 11 6 .4 7 6 .1 5 6 .5 9 6 .5 7 BOILER TENDERS --------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------- 31 31 5 .5 7 5 .5 7 AND RECEIVING CLERKS 49 4 .0 6 286 166 120 67 5 .2 1 4 .6 1 6 .0 5 7 .1 4 ORDER FIL L ER S ---------------------------- 210 4 .8 4 MATERIAL HANDLING LABORERS MANUFACTURING --------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------- 1 .0 1 3 400 613 4 .1 7 4 .0 0 4 .2 8 4 49 309 140 5 .0 0 5 .1 5 4 .6 6 POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS (OTHER THAN FORKLIFT* ------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------- 88 86 4 .6 6 4 .6 2 GUARDS AND WATCHMEN ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 2 15 85 130 3 .5 7 4 .0 7 3 .2 4 J AN IT O RS . PORTERS. AND CLEANERS -----MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------- 388 12 2 2 66 29 3 .5 4 4 .2 5 3 .2 1 4 .8 0 332 82 250 3 . 05 3 . 89 2 . 77 WAREHOUSEMEN -----------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ---------- FORKLIFT OPERATORS MANUFACTURING — NONNANUFACTURING MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN TRUCKDRIVERS ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------PUBLIC U T I L IT I E S -------------- 1 .5 1 4 250 1 .2 6 4 385 4 .7 6 4 .8 1 4 .7 5 6 .6 9 TRUCKDRIVERS. LIGHT TRUCK NONMANUFACTURING ------------------ 207 2 01 2 .8 2 2 .7 7 TRUCKDRIVERS. MEDIUM TRUCK MANUFACTURING ------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------ 654 64 590 4 .2 5 5 .0 3 4 .1 7 TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK (TRAIL ER* -------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------PUBLIC U T I L IT I E S ------------ 376 61 315 196 5 .6 1 4 .7 7 5 .7 7 5 .2 8 TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK (OTHER THAN TRAILER) ------- 166 4 .3 6 S e e f o o t n o t e s at end o f t a b l e s . an d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN— CONTINUED MAINTENANCE* TOOLROOM. AND POUERPLANT OCCUPATIONS - HEN MAINTENANCE ELECTRICIANS MANUFACTURING ---------------- Sex, 3 occu pation , MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN JANI TO RS. PORTERS. AND CLEANERS -----MANUFACTURING — NONMANUFACTURING Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings, adjusted for employment shifts, for selected occupational groups in Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., for selected periods Industry and occ u p a tio n a l g rou p 5 A ll in dustries: O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ________ _____________________ _____ ___ E l e c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s i n g ________ _____ ___________ I n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s __________________________________________ .Skilled m a i n t e n a n c e t r a d e s U n s k i l l e d pl a n t w o r k e r s _____________________ ________ M a y 1975 M a y 1976 to to to M a y 1976 M a y 1977 M a y 1978 6.4 7.7 7.7 (* ) (6 ) 7.5 7.0 (?) n 6.2 7.3 (?) (6 ) 9 .2 8.2 (M ( > (6 ) 5.3 9.3 (‘ ) (‘ > (6 ) 10.0 8 .7 7.3 7.8 (‘ ) (6 ) 6.3 (* ) (6 ) 8.2 M anufa cturing: O f f i c e c l e r i c a l . __________________________________________ E l e c t r o n i c da t a p r o c e s s i n g _____________________________ Industrial n u r s e s S k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e t r a d e s _____________________________ U n s k i l l e d pl a nt w o r k e r s _________________________________ (6 ) (6 ) (6 ) 8.3 10.4 Non m anufactu rin g: O f f i c e c l e r i c a l _____________________________________________ E l e c t r o n i c da t a p r o c e s s i n g _____________________________ I n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s _____________ __________________________ U n s k i l l e d pl a n t w o r k e r s 6 .0 (6 ) (6 ) 5.5 Se e f o o t n o t e s M a y 197 7 at end of ta bles. Footnotes1 2 1 S tan dard h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t im e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a t r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d to these w e e k ly hours. 2 T h e m e a n is c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h j o b b y t o t a l i n g th e e a r n i n g s o f a l l w o r k e r s a n d d i v i d i n g b y the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s . T h e m e d i a n d e s i g n a t e s p o s i t i o n — -half o f t h e w o r k e r s r e c e i v e th e s a m e o r m o r e an d h a l f r e c e i v e t h e s a m e o r l e s s than, t h e r a t e s h o w n . T he m id d le ra n g e is defin ed b y two r a t e s o f pa y ; a f o u r t h o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n the s a m e o r l e s s t ha n t h e l o w e r o f t h e s e r a t e s a n d a f o u r t h e a r n the s a m e o r m o r e t ha n th e h i g h e r r a t e . 3 E a r n i n g s da ta r e l a t e o n l y t o w o r k e r s w hose sex id en tification w a s p r o v i d e d b y the establishm ent. 4 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e an d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , a nd l a t e s h i f t s . 5 E s t i m a t e s f o r p e r i o d s en d in g p r i o r t o 1 97 6 r e l a t e t o m e n o n l y f o r s k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e and u n s k i l l e d pl a n t w o r k e r s . A ll other e stim ate s r e la te to m e n and w om en . 6 D at a d o n o t m e e t p u b l i c a t i o n c r i t e r i a o r d a t a n o t a v a i l a b l e . 10 Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey In e a c h o f th e 75 1 a r e a s c u r r e n t ly s u r v e y e d , th e B u re a u o b ta in s w a g e s and r e la t e d b e n e fit s d a ta f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in s ix b r o a d in d u s t r y d iv is io n s : M a n u fa ctu rin g ; tr a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a le t r a d e ; r e t a i l tr a d e ; f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s . G o v e rn m e n t o p e r a t io n s and th e c o n s t r u c t io n and e x t r a c t iv e in d u s t r ie s a r e e x c lu d e d . E s ta b lis h m e n ts h av in g f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e a ls o e x c lu d e d b e c a u s e o f in s u ffic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d . A p p e n d ix ta b le 1 s h o w s th e n u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s and w o r k e r s e s tim a te d to be w ith in th e s c o p e o f th is s u r v e y , as w e ll a s th e n u m b e r a c tu a lly s tu d ied . B u r e a u f ie ld r e p r e s e n t a t iv e s o b ta in data by p e r s o n a l v is it s at 3 - y e a r i n t e r v a ls . In e a c h o f th e tw o in te rv e n in g y e a r s , in fo r m a t io n on e m p lo y m e n t and o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s o n ly is c o lle c t e d b y a c o m b in a tio n o f p e r s o n a l v i s i t , m a il q u e s t io n n a ir e , and te le p h o n e in te r v ie w f r o m e s t a b l i s h m e n ts p a r t ic ip a t in g in th e p r e v io u s s u r v e y . A s a m p le o f th e e s ta b lis h m e n ts in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y is s e l e c t e d f o r stu d y p r i o r to e a c h p e r s o n a l v is it s u r v e y . T h is s a m p le , l e s s e s t a b lis h m e n t s w h ic h go ou t o f b u s in e s s o r a r e no lo n g e r w ith in th e in d u s t r ia l s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y , is r e t a in e d f o r the fo llo w in g tw o an n u a l s u r v e y s . In m o s t c a s e s , e s t a b lis h m e n t s n e w to the a r e a a r e not c o n s i d e r e d in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y u n t il th e s e l e c t i o n o f a s a m p le f o r a p e r s o n a l v is it s u r v e y . T h e s a m p lin g p r o c e d u r e s in v o lv e d e ta ile d s t r a t ifi c a t io n o f a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in th e s c o p e o f an in d iv id u a l a re a s u r v e y b y in d u s tr y and n u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s . F r o m th is s t r a t ifie d u n iv e r s e a p r o b a b ilit y s a m p le is s e l e c t e d , w ith e a ch e s ta b lis h m e n t h av in g a p r e d e t e r m in e d c h a n c e o f s e le c tio n . T o o b ta in o p t im u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t io n o f la r g e th an s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts is s e le c t e d . W hen da ta a r e c o m b in e d , e a c h e s t a b lis h m e n t is w e ig h te d a c c o r d in g to it s p r o b a b ilit y o f s e l e c t i o n s o that u n b ia s e d e s t im a t e s a r e g e n e r a te d . F o r e x a m p le , if o n e out o f fo u r e s t a b lis h m e n t s is s e l e c t e d , it is g iv e n a w eigh t o f 4 to r e p r e s e n t i t s e l f p lu s t h r e e o t h e r s . A n a lte r n a te o f th e s a m e o r ig i n a l p r o b a b ilit y is c h o s e n in th e s a m e i n d u s t r y - s i z e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n if data a r e n ot a v a ila b le f r o m th e o r i g i n a l s a m p le m e m b e r . If no s u ita b le su b s titu te is a v a ila b le , a d d itio n a l w e ig h t is a s s ig n e d to a s a m p le m e m b e r that is s im il a r to the m i s s in g u n it. 1 Included in the 75 areas are 5 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are Akron, Ohio; Birmingham, Ala.; Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, V a.—N .C .; Poughkeepsie—Kingston—Newburgh, N .Y .; and Utica—Rome, N .Y . In addition, the Bureau conducts more lim ited area studies in approximately 100 areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of the U. S. Department of Labor. 1 O c c u p a tio n s and e a rn in g s O c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d f o r stu dy a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m a n u fa c tu r in g and n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s t r ie s , and a r e o f th e fo llo w in g ty p e s : (1) O f fic e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l; (3) m a in te n a n c e , t o o l r o o m , and p o w e r p la n t ; and (4) m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t and c u s t o d ia l. O ccu p a tio n a l c la s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d on a u n if o r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s ig n e d to ta k e a c c o u n t o f in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u tie s w ith in the s a m e jo b . O c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d f o r stu d y a r e lis t e d and d e s c r i b e d in a p p en d ix B . U n le s s o t h e r w is e in d ic a t e d , th e e a r n in g s data fo llo w in g th e jo b t i t le s a r e f o r a ll in d u s t r ie s c o m b in e d . E a r n in g s da ta f o r s o m e o f th e o c c u p a t io n s lis t e d and d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e in d u stry d iv is io n s w ith in the s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y , a r e n ot p r e s e n t e d in th e A - s e r i e s ta b le s b e c a u s e e it h e r (1) e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t io n is t o o s m a ll to p r o v id e en ough data to m e r it p r e s e n t a t io n , o r (2) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n t d a ta . S e p a r a te m e n 's and w o m e n 's e a r n in g s data a r e not p r e s e n t e d w h en th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s n ot id e n tifie d b y s e x is 20 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f th e m e n o r w o m e n id e n tifie d in an o c c u p a t io n . E a rn in g s data n ot sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly f o r in d u s t r y d iv is io n s a r e in clu d e d in data f o r a ll in d u s t r ie s c o m b in e d . 'L i k e w i s e , f o r o c c u p a t io n s w ith m o r e than on e le v e l, da ta a r e in clu d e d in th e o v e r a l l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w hen a s u b c la s s if ic a t io n is n ot sh ow n o r in fo r m a tio n to s u b c la s s if y is not a v a ila b le . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s data a r e sh ow n f o r f u ll- t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , t h o s e h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d u le . E a rn in g s data e x c lu d e p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . N o n p r o d u c tio n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g a llo w a n c e s and in c e n t iv e b o n u s e s a r e in c lu d e d . W e e k ly h o u r s f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l and p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s r e f e r to the sta n d a rd w o r k w e e k (r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r) f o r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e r e g u la r s t r a ig h t -t im e s a l a r i e s ( e x c lu s iv e o f p a y f o r o v e r t im e at r e g u la r a n d /o r p r e m iu m r a t e s ) . A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r t h e s e o c c u p a t io n s a r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o ll a r . V e r t i c a l lin e s w ith in th e d is tr ib u tio n o f w o r k e r s on s o m e A - t a b le s in d ic a t e a ch a n g e in th e s iz e o f th e c la s s in te r v a ls . T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u r e th e l e v e l o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s in an a r e a at a p a r t ic u la r t im e . C o m p a r is o n s o f in d iv id u a l o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s o v e r t im e m a y n ot r e f l e c t e x p e c te d w a g e c h a n g e s . T h e a v e r a g e s for in d iv id u a l jo b s a r e a ff e c t e d by ch a n g e s in w a g e s and e m p lo y m e n t p a t t e r n s . F o r e x a m p le , p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y h ig h - o r lo w -w a g e f i r m s m a y ch a n g e , o r h ig h -w a g e w o r k e r s m a y a d v a n c e to b e t t e r jo b s and b e r e p la c e d by n ew w o r k e r s at lo w e r r a t e s . S u ch s h ifts in e m p lo y m e n t c o u ld d e c r e a s e an o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e e v e n th ou gh m o s t e s t a b lis h m e n ts in an a r e a in c r e a s e w a g e s 11 d u rin g th e y e a r . C h a n g e s in e a r n in g s o f o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s , sh ow n in ta b le A - 7 , a r e b e tt e r in d ic a t o r s o f w a g e t r e n d s th a n a r e e a r n in g s ch a n g e s f o r in d iv id u a l jo b s w ith in th e g r o u p s . A v e r a g e e a r n in g s r e f l e c t c o m p o s i t e , a r e a w id e e s t im a t e s . In d u s tr ie s and e s ta b lis h m e n ts d if f e r in p a y l e v e l and jo b s ta ffin g , and th u s c o n tr ib u te d if f e r e n t ly to th e e s t im a t e s f o r e a c h jo b . P a y a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l to r e f l e c t a c c u r a t e ly th e w a g e d if f e r e n t ia l a m o n g jo b s in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s . A v e r a g e p a y l e v e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s sh ou ld n ot b e a s s u m e d to r e f l e c t d if f e r e n c e s in p a y o f th e s e x e s w ith in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s . F a c t o r s w h ic h m a y c o n tr ib u te to d if f e r e n c e s in clu d e p r o g r e s s i o n w ith in e s t a b lis h e d ra te r a n g e s (o n ly th e r a te s p a id in cu m b e n ts a r e c o lle c t e d ) and p e r f o r m a n c e o f s p e c i f i c d u tie s w ith in th e g e n e r a l s u r v e y jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s . J o b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d to c l a s s i f y e m p lo y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s u s u a lly a r e m o r e g e n e r a liz e d th an t h o s e u s e d in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts and a llo w f o r m in o r d if f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s ta b lis h m e n ts in s p e c if ic d u tie s p e r f o r m e d . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t im a t e s r e p r e s e n t th e to t a l in a ll e s t a b lis h m e n ts w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e stu d y and n ot th e n u m b e r a c t u a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e s a m o n g e s ta b lis h m e n ts d i f f e r , e s t im a t e s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in e d f r o m th e s a m p le o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s stu d ie d s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a t e th e r e la t iv e im p o r t a n c e o f th e jo b s s tu d ie d . T h ese d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e do n ot a ff e c t m a t e r ia lly th e a c c u r a c y o f th e e a rn in g s d a ta . E le c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g S k ille d m a in te n a n c e C om p u ter s y s t e m s a n a ly s t s , c l a s s e s A , B , and C C om p u ter p r o g r a m m e r s , c l a s s e s A , B , and C C o m p u te r o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s e s A , B , and C C a rp e n te rs E le c t r ic ia n s P a in t e r s M a c h in is t s M e c h a n ic s (m a c h in e r y ) M e c h a n ic s (m o t o r v e h ic le ) P ip e f i t t e r s T o o l and d ie m a k e r s In d u s tria l n u r s e s U n s k ille d pla n t R e g is t e r e d in d u s tr ia l n u rses J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s M a t e r ia l h a n d lin g l a b o r e r s P e r c e n t ch a n g e s f o r in d iv id u a l a r e a s in th e p r o g r a m as f o llo w s : a r e c o m p u te d 1. A v e r a g e e a rn in g s a r e c o m p u te d f o r e a c h o c c u p a t io n f o r the 2 y e a r s b e in g c o m p a r e d . T h e a v e r a g e s a r e d e r iv e d f r o m e a rn in g s in t h o s e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w h ic h a r e in the s u r v e y b oth y e a r s ; it is a s s u m e d that e m p lo y m e n t r e m a in s u n ch a n ged . 2. E a ch o c c u p a t io n is a s s ig n e d a w e ig h t b a s e d on its p r o p o r tio n a te e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p in th e base y ea r. 3. T h e s e w e ig h ts a r e U sed to c o m p u te g r o u p a v e r a g e s . E a ch o c c u p a t io n 's a v e r a g e e a r n in g s ( c o m p u t e d in s te p 1) i^ m u lt ip lie d b y its w e ig h t. T h e p r o d u c t s a r e t o t a le d to ob ta in a g r o u p a v e r a g e . 4. T he ra tio o f g ro u p a v e r a g e s f o r 2 c o n s e c u t iv e y e a r s is co m p u te d b y d iv id in g th e a v e r a g e fo r th e c u r r e n t y e a r b y the a v e r a g e for th e e a r l i e r y e a r . T h e r e s u lt — e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t — l e s s 100 is th e p e r c e n t c h a n g e . W a ge t r e n d s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s T h e p e r c e n t in c r e a s e s p r e s e n t e d in ta b le A - 7 a r e b a s e d on ch a n g e s in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f m e n and w o m e n in e s ta b lis h m e n ts r e p o r t in g th e tr e n d jo b s in b oth th e c u r r e n t and p r e v io u s y e a r (m a tc h e d e s t a b lis h m e n t s ). T he data a r e a d ju s te d to r e m o v e th e e f fe c t s on a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f e m p lo y m en t s h ift s a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s and tu r n o v e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s in clu d e d in s u r v e y s a m p le s . T h e p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s , h o w e v e r , a r e s t i l l a ff e c t e d b y f a c t o r s o th e r than w a g e i n c r e a s e s . H ir in g s , l a y o f f s , and tu r n o v e r m a y a ffe c t an e s ta b lis h m e n t a v e r a g e f o r an o c c u p a t io n w h en w o r k e r s a r e p a id u n d er p la n s p r o v id in g a r a n g e o f w a g e r a t e s f o r in d iv id u a l jo b s . In p e r io d s o f in c r e a s e d h ir in g , f o r e x a m p le , n e w e m p lo y e e s m a y e n te r at th e b o tt o m o f the r a n g e , d e p r e s s in g th e a v e r a g e w ith ou t a ch a n g e in w a g e r a t e s . T h e p e r c e n t c h a n g e s r e la t e to w a g e ch a n g e s b e tw e e n th e in d ic a te d d a te s . W h en th e t im e sp a n b e tw e e n s u r v e y s is o th e r th an 12 m o n th s , annual r a te s a r e sh o w n . (It is a s s u m e d th at w a g e s in c r e a s e at a co n sta n t ra te b e tw e e n s u r v e y s .) F o r a m o r e d e ta ile d d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e m e t h o d u s e d to c o m p u te t h e s e w a g e t r e n d s , s e e "I m p r o v in g A r e a W a g e S u r v e y I n d e x e s , " M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w , J a n u a ry 1 9 7 3, p p . 5 2 -5 7 . O c c u p a tio n s u s e d to c o m p u te w a g e t r e n d s a r e : O f f ic e c l e r i c a l O f fic e c l e r i c a l — C o n tin u ed S e c r e t a r ie s S te n o g ra p h e rs, g e n e ra l S t e n o g r a p h e r s , s e n io r T y p is t s , c l a s s e s A and B F il e c l e r k s , c l a s s e s A , B , and C M essen gers S w itc h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s O rd er c le r k s , c l a s s e s A and B A c c o u n t in g c l e r k s , c l a s s e s A and B B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B P a y r o ll c l e r k s K e y e n tr y o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s e s A and B E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v is io n s T a b u la tio n s on s e le c t e d e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v is io n s ( B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) a r e n ot p r e s e n t e d in th is b u lle tin . In fo r m a tio n f o r th e s e ta b u la tio n s is c o l l e c t e d at 3 - y e a r in t e r v a ls . T h e se ta b u la tio n s on m in im u m e n tr a n c e s a la r ie s f o r in e x p e r ie n c e d o f f i c e w o r k e r s ; s h ift d if f e r e n t ia ls ; s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s and d a y s ; p a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a t io n s ; and h e a lt h , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s a r e p r e s e n t e d (in th e B - s e r i e s t a b le s ) in p r e v io u s b u lle tin s fo r th is a r e a . 12 Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Norfolk—Virginia Beach —Portsmouth, Va.—N.C.,‘ May 1978 Industry division 2 ALL DIVISIONS M inim um em ploym ent in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s c o p e o f st u d y W i t h in s c o p e o f st u d y 4 W i t h in s c o p e o f st u d y 3 Number Percent 114 71.3 35 100 4 0.434 - 87 297 31 83 21.7 76 49*559 31 69 15.502 2 4.9 32 50 50 50 50 50 42 59 104 33 59 17 11 25 9 21 8 . 8 38 4 .6 6 5 23.7 76 5 .9 8 6 6 .2 9 4 12 7 33 8 9 6 .5 0 9 1 .0 1 3 1 1.6 15 3 .1 8 4 2 .6 1 1 50 1 T h e N o r f o l k —V i r g i n i a B e a c h —P o r t s m o u t h S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a , a s d e f i n e d b y t h e O f f i c e o f M a n a g e m e n t and B u d g e t t h r o u g h F e b r u a r y 1 97 4, c o n s i s t s o f C h e s a p e a k e , N o r f o l k , P o r t s m o u t h , S u ff o lk , and V i r g i n i a B e a c h C i t i e s , V a . ; and C u r r i t u c k C o u n t y , N . C . T h e " w o r k e r s w it h i n s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s s h o w n in t h i s t a b l e p r o v i d e a r e a s o n a b l y a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e s i z e and c o m p o s i t i o n o f t h e l a b o r f o r c e i n c l u d e d in t h e s u r v e y . E s t i m a t e s a r e no t in t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , f o r c o m p a r i s o n w it h o t h e r e m p l o y m e n t i n d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p l o y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s i n c e (1) pl a n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t da ta c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f t h e p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d i e d , and (2) s m a l l e s t a b l is h m e n t s a r e e x clu d e d f r o m the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . 2 T h e 197 2 e d i t i o n o f th e S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l w a s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n . H o w e v e r , all g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t i o n s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m the s c o p e o f t h e s u r v e y . Studied Studied 38 4 --------------------------------------------------------------- MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------------------------------TRANSPORTATION. COMMUNICATION. AND OTHER PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 5 -----------------------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE 6 ------------------------------------------------------------RETAIL TRADE 6 -------------------------------------------------------------------FINANCE. INSURANCE. AND REAL E S T AT E6 --------------SE R V IC E S 6 7----------------------------------------------------------------------------- W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s N u m ber of establishm ents 3 I n c l u d e s a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t at o r a b o v e t h e m i n i m u m lim ita tion . A l l o u t l e t s (w i th in th e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s in i n d u s t r i e s s u c h as t r a d e , fin an ce, au to r e p a i r s e r v i c e , a n d m o t i o n p i c t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 establish m en t. 4 I n c l u d e s a l l w o r k e r s in a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t ( w i t h in the a r e a ) at o r a b o v e t h e m i n i m u m l i m i t a t i o n . 5 A b b r e v i a t e d t o " p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s " in t h e A - s e r i e s tables. T a x i c a b s and s e r v i c e s i n c i d e n t a l to w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n a r e e x c l u d e d . 6 S e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f da t a is no t m a d e f o r t h is d i v i s i o n . 7 H o t e l s and m o t e l s ; l a u n d r i e s an d o t h e r p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b i l e r e p a i r , r e n t a l , an d p a r k i n g ; m o t i o n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o f i t m e m b e r s h i p o r g a n i z a t i o n s ( e x c l u d i n g r e l i g i o u s and c h a r i t a b l e o r g a n i z a t i o n s ) ; and e n g i n e e r i n g and a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . 13 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r in g jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r th e B u r e a u 's w a g e s u r v e y s is to a s s i s t its f ie ld s t a ff in c la s s i f y i n g into a p p r o p r ia t e o c c u p a t io n s w o r k e r s w ho a r e e m p lo y e d u n d e r a v a r ie t y o f p a y r o ll t i t le s and d iffe r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s ta b lis h m e n t to e s ta b lis h m e n t and f r o m a r e a to a r e a . T h is p e r m it s th e g ro u p in g o f o c c u p a t io n a l w a g e r a te s r e p r e s e n t in g c o m p a r a b le jo b co n te n t. B ecau se o f th is e m p h a s is on in te r e s t a b lis h m e n t and in t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b ilit y o f o c c u p a t io n a l c o n te n t, th e B u re a u 's jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s m a y d if f e r s ig n ific a n t ly f r o m t h o s e in u s e in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts o r t h o s e p r e p a r e d f o r o th e r p u r p o s e s . In a p p ly in g t h e s e jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s , th e B u r e a u 's f ie ld e c o n o m is t s a r e in s t r u c te d to e x c lu d e w o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r s ; a p p r e n t ic e s ; and p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , a n d p r o b a t io n a r y w o r k e r s . H a n d ica p p e d w o r k e r s w h o s e e a r n in g s a r e r e d u c e d b e c a u s e o f t h e ir h a n d ic a p a r e a ls o e x c lu d e d . L e a r n e r s , b e g in n e r s , and t r a i n e e s , u n le s s s p e c i f i c a l l y in c lu d e d in th e jo b d e s c r i p t i o n , a r e e x c lu d e d . Office SECRETARY S E C R E T A R Y — C on tin u ed A s s ig n e d a s p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o r m a lly to on e in d iv id u a l. M a in ta in s a c l o s e and h ig h ly r e s p o n s iv e r e la t io n s h ip to the d a y - t o - d a y w o r k o f the s u p e r v is o r . W o r k s f a i r l y in d e p e n d e n tly r e c e iv in g a m in im u m o f d e t a ile d s u p e r v is io n and g u id a n c e . P e r f o r m s v a r ie d c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r i a l d u tie s , u s u a lly in c lu d in g m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : M a y a ls o p e r f o r m o th e r c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r i a l ta s k s o f c o m p a r a b le n a tu r e and d iffic u lt y . T he w o r k t y p ic a lly r e q u ir e s k n o w le d g e o f o f f i c e ro u tin e and u n d e r sta n d in g o f the o r g a n iz a tio n , p r o g r a m s , an d p r o c e d u r e s r e la t e d to the w o r k o f the s u p e r v is o r . E x c lu s io n s a . R e c e i v e s te le p h o n e c a l l s , p e r s o n a l c a l l e r s , and in c o m in g m a il, a n s w e r s r o u tin e in q u ir ie s , and r o u te s t e c h n ic a l in q u ir ie s to the p r o p e r person s; b. c. in s t r u c t e d ; E s ta b lis h e s , m a in ta in s , and r e v i s e s the s u p e r v i s o r 's f i l e s ; M a in ta in s th e s u p e r v i s o r 's c a le n d a r and m a k e s a p p o in tm e n ts a s N o t a ll p o s it io n s that a r e t itle d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s th e a b o v e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . E x a m p le s o f p o s it io n s w h ic h a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m the d e fin it io n a r e as f o llo w s : a . P o s it io n s w h ich d e s c r ib e d above; b. d. R e la y s m e s s a g e s f r o m s u p e r v i s o r to s u b o r d in a t e s ; e . R e v ie w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m e m o r a n d a , an d r e p o r t s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s f o r the s u p e r v i s o r 's s ig n a tu r e to a s s u r e p r o c e d u r a l and t y p o g r a p h ic a ccu ra cy; f. P e r fo r m s s t e n o g r a p h ic and ty p in g w o r k . 14 s io n a l, do not m eet the " p e r s o n a l " secreta ry S te n o g r a p h e r s n o t f u lly tr a in e d in s e c r e t a r i a l - t y p e con cept d u tie s ; c . S te n o g r a p h e r s s e r v in g a s o f f i c e a s s i s t a n t s to a g r o u p o f p r o f e s te c h n ic a l, o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n s ; d. S e c r e t a r y p o s it io n s in w h ic h th e d u tie s a r e e it h e r s u b s ta n ti m o r e r o u tin e o r s u b s ta n tia lly m o r e c o m p l e x and r e s p o n s i b l e than t h o s e c h a r a c t e r i z e d in the d e fin itio n ; S E C R E T A R Y — Continued SEC R ETA R Y— Continued C la s s C E x c l u s io n s — C o n tin u e d e. A s s is t a n t - t y p e p o s it io n s w h ich in v o lv e m o r e d if f ic u lt o r m o r e 1. S e c r e t a r y to an e x e c u t iv e o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n w h o s e r e s p o n r e s p o n s ib le t e c h n ic a l, a d m in is t r a t iv e , s u p e r v is o r y , o r s p e c ia liz e d c l e r i c a l s ib ilit y is n ot e q u iv a le n t to on e o f the s p e c if ic le v e l s itu a tio n s in the d e fin itio n d u tie s w h ich a r e n ot t y p i c a l o f s e c r e t a r i a l w o r k . f o r c l a s s B , but w h o s e o r g a n iz a t io n a l unit n o r m a lly n u m b e r s at le a s t s e v e r a l d o z e n e m p lo y e e s and is u s u a lly d iv id e d in to o r g a n iz a t io n a l s e g m e n ts w h ich a re o fte n , in tu rn , fu r t h e r s u b d iv id e d . In s o m e c o m p a n ie s , th is le v e l in c lu d e s a N O T E : T h e t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r , " u sed in the l e v e l d e fin itio n s w id e ra n g e o f o r g a n iz a t io n a l e c h e lo n s ; in o t h e r s , o n ly on e o r tw o ; o r f o llo w in g , r e f e r s to t h o s e o f f i c i a l s w ho have a s ig n ific a n t c o r p o r a t e w id e p o lic y m a k in g r o l e w ith r e g a r d to m a jo r c o m p a n y a c t i v it ie s . T h e tit le " v ic e 2 . S e c r e t a r y to th e h ead o f an in d iv id u a l p la n t, f a c t o r y , e t c . (o r p r e s id e n t , " th ou gh n o r m a l l y in d ic a t iv e o f th is r o l e , d o e s n ot in a ll c a s e s o th e r e q u iv a le n t l e v e l o f o f f ic i a l ) that e m p lo y s , in a ll, f e w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 id e n t ify su ch p o s i t i o n s . V ic e p r e s id e n t s w h o s e p r im a r y r e s p o n s ib ilit y is to person s. a c t p e r s o n a lly on in d iv id u a l c a s e s o r tr a n s a c tio n s ( e . g . , a p p r o v e o r den y in d iv id u a l lo a n o r c r e d i t a c t i o n s ; a d m in is t e r in d iv id u a l t r u s t a c c o u n t s ; d i r e c t l y C la s s D s u p e r v is e a c l e r i c a l s ta ff) a r e n ot c o n s i d e r e d to be " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " f o r 1. S e c r e t a r y to the s u p e r v is o r o r h ead o f a s m a ll o r g a n iz a tio n a l unit p u r p o s e s o f a p p ly in g th e fo llo w in g le v e l d e f in it io n s . ( e . g . , f e w e r th an a bou t 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ); o £ C la s s A 1. S e c r e t a r y to th e c h a ir m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t o f a c o m p a n y th at e m p l o y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but f e w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 2 . S e c r e t a r y to a n o n s u p e r v is o r y s t a f f s p e c ia lis t , p r o f e s s io n a l e m p lo y e e , a d m in is t r a t iv e o f f i c e r , o r a s s is t a n t , s k ille d te c h n ic ia n , o r e x p e r t. (N O T E : M an y c o m p a n ie s a s s ig n s t e n o g r a p h e r s , r a th e r than s e c r e t a r i e s as d e s c r i b e d a b o v e , to th is le v e l o f s u p e r v is o r y o r n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r .) STENOGRAPH ER 2 . S e c r e t a r y t o a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r (o th e r than th e c h a ir m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t ) o f a c o m p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 but f e w e r th an 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e t a r y to th e h e a d , im m e d ia t e ly b e lo w the c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r l e v e l , o f a m a j o r s e g m e n t o r s u b s id ia r y o f a co m p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s .*1 C la s s B P r im a r y du ty is to ta k e d ic ta tio n u sin g sh o rth a n d , and to t r a n s c r ib e th e d ic ta tio n . M a y a ls o ty p e f r o m w r itte n c o p y . M a y o p e r a t e f r o m a s te n o g r a p h ic p o o l. M a y o c c a s i o n a l l y t r a n s c r ib e f r o m v o ic e r e c o r d in g s ( if p r im a r y du ty is t r a n s c r ib in g f r o m r e c o r d i n g s , s e e T r a n s c r ib in g -M a c h in e T y p is t ). N O T E : T h is jo b is d is t in g u is h e d f r o m that o f a s e c r e t a r y in that a s e c r e t a r y n o r m a lly w o r k s in a c o n fid e n t ia l r e la t io n s h ip w ith o n ly on e m a n a g e r o r e x e c u t iv e and p e r f o r m s m o r e r e s p o n s ib le and d is c r e t io n a r y ta s k s as d e s c r i b e d in th e s e c r e t a r y jo b d e fin itio n . 1. S e c r e t a r y to th e c h a ir m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s , in a l l , f e w e r than 100 p e r s o n s ; o r S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r (o th e r than th e c h a ir m a n o f the b o a r d o 'it jp r e s id e n t ) o f a c o m p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but f e w e r th a n 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e t a r y to th e h e a d , im m e d ia t e ly b e lo w th e o f f i c e r l e v e l , o v e r e it h e r a m a j o r c o r p o r a t io n w id e fu n c tio n a l a c tiv ity ( e .g ., m a r k e t in g , r e s e a r c h , o p e r a t io n s , in d u s t r ia l r e l a t i o n s , e t c .) o £ a m a jo r g e o g r a p h ic o r o r g a n iz a t io n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a r e g io n a l h e a d q u a r t e r s ; a m a jo r d iv is io n ) o f a co m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 but f e w e r than 2 5 ,0 0 0 e m p lo y e e s ; o r 4 . S e c r e t a r y to th e h ead o f an in d iv id u a l p la n t, f a c t o r y , e t c . ( o r o t h e r e q u iv a le n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r 5. S e c r e t a r y to th e h ead o f a la r g e and im p o r ta n t o r g a n iz a t io n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a m id d le m a n a g e m e n t s u p e r v is o r o f an o r g a n iz a t io n a l s e g m e n t o ft e n in v o lv in g a s m a n y a s s e v e r a l h u n dred p e r s o n s ) o r a c o m p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a l l , o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s . S ten ogra p h er, G en era l keep D ic t a t io n in v o lv e s a n o r m a l ro u tin e v o c a b u la r y . M ay m a in ta in f i l e s , s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o th e r r e la t iv e ly r o u tin e c l e r i c a l t a s k s . S t e n o g r a p h e r , S e n io r D ic t a t io n in v o lv e s a v a r ie d t e c h n ic a l d r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y su ch a s in le g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c ie n t if ic r e s e a r c h . M a y a ls o se t up and m a in ta in f i l e s , k e e p r e c o r d s , e t c . OR P e r f o r m s s t e n o g r a p h ic d u tie s r e q u ir in g s ig n ific a n t ly g r e a t e r in d e p e n d e n c e a nd r e s p o n s ib ilit y th a n s t e n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l, as e v id e n c e d by the f o llo w in g : W o rk r e q u ir e s a h igh d e g r e e o f s te n o g r a p h ic s p e e d and a c c u r a c y ; a th o r o u g h w o r k in g k n o w le d g e o f g e n e r a l b u s in e s s and o f f i c e p r o c e d u r e ; and o f th e s p e c i f i c b u s in e s s o p e r a t io n s , o r g a n iz a t io n , p o l i c i e s , p r o c e d u r e s , f i l e s , w o r k f lo w , e t c . U s e s th is k n o w le d g e in p e r f o r m in g s te n o g r a p h ic d u tie s and r e s p o n s ib le c l e r i c a l ta s k s su ch a s m a in ta in in g fo llo w u p f ile s ; a s s e m b lin g m a t e r ia l f o r r e p o r t s , m e m o r a n d a , an d le t t e r s ; c o m p o s in g s im p le le t t e r s f r o m g e n e r a l in s t r u c t io n s ; r e a d in g and ro u tin g in c o m in g m a il ; and a n s w e rin g r o u tin e q u e s t io n s , e t c . 15 T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E T Y P IS T M E SS E N G E R P r i m a r y du ty is to ty p e c o p y o f v o i c e r e c o r d e d d ic ta tio n w h ich d o e s not in v o lv e v a r ie d t e c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y su ch as that u se d in le g a l b r ie f s o r r e p o r t s on s c ie n t if ic r e s e a r c h . M a y a ls o ty p e f r o m w r itte n cop y. M a y m a in ta in f i l e s , k e e p s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o th e r r e la t iv e ly ro u tin e c l e r i c a l t a s k s . (S e e S te n o g r a p h e r d e fin itio n f o r w o r k e r s in v o lv e d w ith sh o rth a n d d ic ta tio n .) P e r fo r m s v a r io u s ro u tin e d u tie s s u ch as ru nn ing e r r a n d s , o p e r a t in g m in o r o f f i c e m a c h in e s su ch a s s e a le r s o r m a i l e r s , o p e n in g and d is t r ib u t in g m a il, and o th e r m in o r c l e r i c a l w o r k . E x c lu d e p o s it io n s that r e q u ir e o p e r a tio n o f a m o t o r v e h ic le as a s ig n ific a n t du ty. T Y P IS T U s e s a t y p e w r it e r to m a k e c o p ie s o f v a r io u s m a t e r ia ls o r to m a k e ou t b i l l s a ft e r c a lc u la t io n s h a v e b e e n m a d e b y a n o th e r p e r s o n . M a y in c lu d e ty pin g o f s t e n c i l s , m a t s , o r s im il a r m a t e r ia ls f o r u s e in d u p lic a tin g p r o c esses. M a y do c l e r i c a l w o r k in v o lv in g lit t le s p e c ia l t r a in in g , s u c h as k e e p in g s im p le r e c o r d s , filin g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s , o r s o r t in g and d is t r ib u t in g in c o m in g m a il. C la s s A . P e r f o r m s on e o r m o r e o f the f o llo w in g : T y p in g m a t e r ia l in fin a l f o r m w hen it in v o lv e s c o m b in in g m a t e r ia l f r o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; o r r e s p o n s ib ilit y f o r c o r .r e c t s p e llin g , s y lla b ic a t io n , p u n c tu a tio n , e t c ., o f t e c h n ic a l o r u n u su a l w o r d s o r fo r e ig n la n g u a g e m a t e r ia l; o r p la n n in g la y o u t and ty p in g o f c o m p lic a t e d s t a t is t ic a l ta b le s to m a in ta in u n if o r m it y and b a la n c e in s p a c in g . M a y ty p e ro u tin e f o r m l e t t e r s , v a r y in g d e t a ils to su it c ir c u m s t a n c e s . C la s s B . P e r f o r m s on e o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : C o p y ty p in g f r o m ro u g h o r c l e a r d r a f t s ; o r ro u tin e ty p in g o f f o r m s , in s u r a n c e p o l i c i e s , e t c .; o r s e ttin g up s im p le s ta n d a rd ta b u la tio n s ; o r c o p y in g m o r e c o m p le x ta b le s a lr e a d y s e t up and s p a c e d p r o p e r l y . F IL E C L E R K F i l e s , c l a s s i f i e s , and r e t r i e v e s m a t e r ia l in an e s t a b lis h e d filin g s y s t e m . M a y p e r f o r m c l e r i c a l and m a n u a l ta s k s r e q u ir e d to m a in ta in f i l e s . P o s it io n s a r e c l a s s i f i e d in to l e v e ls on the b a s is o f the fo llo w in g d e fin it io n s . C la s s A . C l a s s i f i e s and in d e x e s f i l e m a t e r ia l su ch a s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , r e p o r t s , t e c h n ic a l d o c u m e n t s , e t c . , in an e s t a b lis h e d filin g s y s t e m co n ta in in g a n u m b e r o f v a r ie d s u b je c t m a t t e r f i l e s . M a y a ls o f ile th is m a t e r ia l. M a y k e e p r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s ty p e s in c o n ju n c t io n w ith the f i l e s . M a y le a d a s m a ll g r o u p o f l o w e r l e v e l f ile c l e r k s . C la s s B. S o r t s , c o d e s , and f i l e s u n c la s s ifi e d m a t e r ia l b y s im p le (s u b je c t m a t t e r ) h e a d in g s o r p a r t ly c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r ia l b y f in e r s u b h e a d in g s . P r e p a r e s s im p le r e la t e d in d e x and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e a id s . A s req u ested , lo c a t e s c l e a r l y id e n t ifie d m a t e r ia l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r ia l. M ay p e r fo r m r e la t e d c l e r i c a l ta s k s r e q u ir e d to m a in ta in and s e r v i c e f i l e s . C la s s C . P e r f o r m s ro u tin e filin g o f m a t e r ia l that h a s a lr e a d y b e e n c l a s s i f i e d o r w h ich is e a s i l y c l a s s i f i e d in a s im p le s e r i a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s y s t e m ( e . g . , a lp h a b e tic a l, c h r o n o lo g ic a l, o r n u m e r ic a l) . As req u ested , lo c a t e s r e a d il y a v a ila b le m a t e r ia l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r i a l s ; and m a y f i l l ou t w ith d r a w a l c h a r g e . M a y p e r f o r m s im p le c l e r i c a l and m a n u a l ta s k s r e q u ir e d to m a in ta in and s e r v i c e f i l e s . 16 S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R O p e r a te s a te le p h o n e s w itc h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e u s e d w ith a p r iv a t e b r a n c h ex ch a n g e (P B X ) s y s t e m to r e la y in c o m in g , o u tg o in g , and in t r a s y s t e m c a lls . M a y p r o v id e in fo r m a tio n to c a l l e r s , r e c o r d and t r a n s m it m e s s a g e s , k e e p r e c o r d o f c a lls p la c e d and t o l l c h a r g e s . B e s id e s o p e r a t in g a te le p h o n e s w itc h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , m a y a ls o ty p e o r p e r f o r m ro u tin e c l e r i c a l w o r k (ty p in g o r rou tin e c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y o c c u p y th e m a jo r p o r t io n o f th e w o r k e r 's t i m e , and is u s u a lly p e r fo r m e d w h ile at th e s w itc h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e ) . C h ie f o r le a d o p e r a t o r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than o n e o p e r a t o r a r e e x c lu d e d . F o r an o p e r a t o r w ho a ls o a c t s as a r e c e p t io n is t , s e e S w itch b o a rd O p e r a t o r - R e c e p t io n is t . S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T At a an o p e r a t o r — w o r k in v o lv e s b u s in e s s and p r ia t e p e r s o n a r r a n g in g an s in g le -p o s it io n te le p h o n e s w it c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , a c ts b oth as s e e S w itch b o a rd O p e r a t o r — and as a r e c e p t io n is t . R e c e p t io n is t 's su ch d u ties as g r e e t in g v i s i t o r s ; d e t e r m in in g n a tu r e o f v i s i t o r 's p r o v id in g a p p r o p r ia t e in fo r m a t io n ; r e f e r r i n g v i s i t o r to a p p r o in th e o r g a n iz a tio n o r c o n ta c t in g that p e r s o n b y te le p h o n e and a p p oin tm en t; k e e p in g a lo g o f v i s i t o r s . ORDER CLERK R e c e iv e s w ritte n o r v e r b a l c u s t o m e r s ' p u r c h a s e o r d e r s f o r m a t e r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e f r o m c u s t o m e r s o r s a le s p e o p le . W o r k t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s s o m e co m b in a tio n o f th e fo llo w in g d u t ie s : Q u otin g p r i c e s ; d e t e r m in in g a v a i l a b ility o f o r d e r e d ite m s and s u g g e s tin g s u b s titu te s w hen n e c e s s a r y ; a d v is in g e x p e c te d d e liv e r y date and m e th o d o f d e li v e r y ; r e c o r d in g o r d e r and c u s t o m e r in fo r m a tio n on o r d e r s h e e ts ; c h e c k in g o r d e r s h e e t s f o r a c c u r a c y and a d e q u a c y o f in fo r m a tio n r e c o r d e d ; a s c e r t a in in g c r e d it ra tin g o f c u s t o m e r ; fu r n is h in g c u s t o m e r w ith a c k n o w le d g e m e n t o f r e c e ip t o f o r d e r ; fo llo w in g -u p to s e e that o r d e r is d e liv e r e d b y th e s p e c if ie d d a te o r to le t c u s t o m e r know o f a d e la y in d e liv e r y ; m a in ta in in g o r d e r f i l e ; c h e c k in g sh ip p in g in v o ic e a g a in st o r ig in a l o r d e r . E x clu d e w o r k e r s p a id on a c o m m i s s i o n b a s is o r w h o s e d u tie s in clu d e a n y o f the fo llo w in g : R e c e iv in g o r d e r s f o r s e r v i c e s r a th e r than f o r m a t e r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e ; p r o v id in g c u s t o m e r s w ith c o n s u lt a t iv e a d v ic e u sin g k n o w le d g e g a in ed f r o m e n g in e e r in g o r e x t e n s iv e t e c h n ic a l tr a in in g ; e m p h a s iz in g s e llin g s k ills ; h an dlin g m a t e r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e a s an in t e g r a l p a rt o f th e jo b . P o s it io n s d e f in it io n s : are c la s s ifie d in to le v e ls a c c o r d in g to th e fo llo w in g C la s s A . H an d les o r d e r s th at in v o lv e m a k in g ju d g m e n ts s u ch as c h o o s in g w h ich s p e c i f i c p r o d u c t o r m a t e r ia l f r o m th e e s t a b lis h m e n t 's p r o d u c t lin e s w ill s a t is fy th e c u s t o m e r 's n e e d s , o r d e t e r m in in g th e p r i c e to be q u oted w hen p r ic in g in v o lv e s m o r e th an m e r e l y r e f e r r i n g to a p r i c e l i s t o r m a k in g s o m e s im p le m a t h e m a tic a l c a lc u la t io n s . O R D E R C L E R K — C o n tin u e d B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R — C ont Lnued C la s s B . H a n d le s o r d e r s in v o lv in g it e m s w h ich h av e r e a d ily id e n t i f i e d u s e s and a p p lic a t io n s . M a y r e f e r to a c a t a lo g , m a n u f a c t u r e r 's m a n u a l, o r s im il a r d o c u m e n t to in s d r e that p r o p e r ite m is s u p p lie d o r to v e r if y p r i c e o f o r d e r e d it e m . c o s t d is t r ib u t io n , e x p e n s e d is t r ib u t io n , in v e n to r y c o n t r o l, e tc . o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r a t io n o f t r i a l b a la n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n t r o l th e a c c o u n tin g d e p a r tm e n t. M A C H IN E B IL L E R A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K P r e p a r e s s ta t e m e n ts , b i l l s , and in v o ic e s on a m a ch in e o th e r than an o r d in a r y o r e l e c t r o m a t i c t y p e w r it e r . M a y a ls o k e e p r e c o r d s a s to b illin g s o r sh ip p in g c h a r g e s o r p e r f o r m o th e r c l e r i c a l w o r k in c id e n ta l to b illin g o p e r a t io n s . F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , m a ch in e b i l l e r s a r e c la s s if i e d b y ty p e o f m a c h in e , a s f o l l o w s : P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e a c c o u n tin g c l e r i c a l ta s k s s u ch as p o s t in g to r e g i s t e r s and l e d g e r s ; r e c o n c i l i n g bank a c c o u n t s ; v e r ify in g th e in te r n a l c o n s i s t e n c y , c o m p l e t e n e s s , and m a t h e m a tic a l a c c u r a c y o f a c c o u n t in g d o c u m e n t s ; a s s ig n in g p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n t in g d is t r ib u t io n c o d e s ; ex a m in in g and v e r if y in g f o r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y v a r io u s t y p e s o f r e p o r t s , l i s t s , c a lc u la t io n s , p o s t in g , e t c . ; o r p r e p a r in g s im p le o r a s s is t in g in p r e p a r in g m o r e c o m p lic a t e d jo u r n a l vou ch ers. M a y w o r k in e it h e r a m a n u a l o r a u tom a ted a c c o u n t in g s y s t e m . B illin g - m a c h in e b i l l e r . U s e s a s p e c ia l b illin g m a ch in e (c o m b in a tio n ty p in g arid add ing m a ch in e ) to p r e p a r e b ills and in v o ic e s f r o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u r c h a s e o r d e r s , in t e r n a lly p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , s h ip p in g m e m o r a n d a , e tc . U s u a lly in v o lv e s a p p lic a tio n o f p r e d e t e r m in e d d is c o u n t s and sh ip pin g c h a r g e s and e n try o f n e c e s s a r y e x t e n s io n s , w h ich m a y o r m a y not b e c o m p u te d on th e b illin g m a c h in e , and t o t a ls w h ich a r e a u t o m a t ic a lly a ccu m u la te d by m a c h in e . T h e o p e r a t io n u s u a lly in v o lv e s a la r g e n u m b e r o f c a r b o n c o p ie s o f th e b i l l b e in g p r e p a r e d and is o fte n d o n e on a fa n fo ld m a c h in e . T h e w o r k r e q u ir e s a k n o w le d g e o f c l e r i c a l m e th o d s and o f f i c e p r a c t i c e s and p r o c e d u r e s w h ic h r e la t e s to th e c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s i n g and r e c o r d in g o f t r a n s a c t io n s and a c c o u n t in g in fo r m a tio n . W ith e x p e r ie n c e , th e w o r k e r t y p i c a l l y b e c o m e s f a m i l i a r w ith th e b o o k k e e p in g and a c c o u n t in g t e r m s and p r o c e d u r e s u s e d in th e a s s ig n e d w o r k , but is not r e q u ir e d to h a v e a k n o w le d g e o f th e f o r m a l p r i n c i p l e s o f b o o k k e e p in g and a cco u n tin g . P o s it io n s a r e d e f in it io n s : c la s s ifie d into l e v e ls on th e b a s is o f th e B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e b i l l e r . U s e s a b o o k k e e p in g m a ch in e (w ith o r w ith ou t a t y p e w r it e r k e y b o a r d ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b i l l s as p a rt o f th e a c c o u n t s r e c e i v a b l e o p e r a t io n . G e n e r a lly in v o lv e s th e s im u lta n e o u s e n try o f f ig u r e s on c u s t o m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d . T h e m a ch in e a u t o m a t ic a lly a c c u m u la te s fig u r e s on a n u m b e r o f v e r t i c a l c o lu m n s and c o m p u te s and u s u a lly p r in ts a u t o m a t ic a lly th e d e b it o r c r e d it b a la n c e s . D o e s not in v o lv e a k n o w le d g e o f b o o k k e e p in g . W o r k s f r o m u n ifo r m and sta n d a rd ty p e s o f s a le s and c r e d it s lip s . fo llo w in g C la s s A . U n d er g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n , p e r fo r m s a c c o u n tin g c l e r i c a l o p e r a t i o n ! w h ic h r e q u ir e th e a p p lic a tio n o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju d g m e n t, f o r e x a m p le , c l e r i c a l l y p r o c e s s i n g c o m p lic a t e d or n o n r e p e tit iv e a c c o u n t in g t r a n s a c t i o n s , s e le c t in g a m o n g a s u b s ta n tia l v a r ie t y o f p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n tin g c o d e s and c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s , o r t r a c in g tr a n s a c t io n s th rou g h p r e v io u s a c c o u n tin g a c t io n s to d e t e r m in e s o u r c e o f d is c r e p a n c i e s . M a y b e a s s i s t e d b y on e o r m o r e c l a s s B a c c o u n t in g c l e r k s . P A Y R O LL CLERK P e r f o r m s th e c l e r i c a l ta s k s n e c e s s a r y to p r o c e s s p a y r o lls and to m a in ta in p a y r o ll r e c o r d s . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : ^ P r o c e s s in g w o r k e r s ' t im e o r p r o d u c t io n r e c o r d s ; a d ju s tin g w o r k e r s ' r e c o r d s f o r ch a n g e s in w a g e r a t e s , s u p p le m e n t a r y b e n e f it s , o r ta x d e d u c t io n s ; ed itin g p a y r o ll lis t in g s a g a in st s o u r c e r e c o r d s ; t r a c in g and c o r r e c t i n g e r r o r s in lis t in g s ; and a s s is t in g in p r e p a r a t io n o f p e r i o d i c s u m m a r y p a y r o ll r e p o r t s . In a n o n a u to m a te d p a y r o ll s y s t e m , c o m p u te s w a g e s . W o r k m a y r e q u ir e a p r a c t ic a l k n o w le d g e o f g o v e r n m e n t a l r e g u la t io n s , c o m p a n y p a y r o ll p o l i c y , o r th e c o m p u te r s y s t e m f o r p r o c e s s i n g p a y r o lls . C la s s B . U n d er c l o s e s u p e r v is io n , fo llo w in g d e t a ile d in s t r u c tio n s a nd s ta n d a r d iz e d p r o c e d u r e s , p e r f o r m s on e o r m o r e ro u tin e a c c o u n t in g c l e r i c a l o p e r a t io n s , s u ch a s p o s t in g to l e d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w o r k s h e e t s w h e r e id e n t ific a t io n o f it e m s and lo c a t io n s o f p o s t in g s a r e c l e a r l y in d ic a te d ; c h e c k in g a c c u r a c y and c o m p le t e n e s s o f s ta n d a r d iz e d an d r e p e t it iv e r e c o r d s o r a c c o u n t in g d o c u m e n t s ; and c o d in g d o c u m e n ts u sin g a fe w p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n t in g c o d e s . B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a b o o k k e e p in g m a ch in e (w ith o r w ith ou t a t y p e w r it e r k e y b o a r d ) to k e e p a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s t r a n s a c t io n s . K EY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a k e y p u n ch m a c h in e to r e c o r d o r v e r i f y a lp h a b e tic a n d /o r n u m e r ic data on ta b u la tin g c a r d s o r on ta p e . C la s s A . K e e p s a s e t o f r e c o r d s r e q u ir in g a k n o w le d g e o f and e x p e r ie n c e in b a s i c b o o k k e e p in g p r i n c i p l e s , and f a m ilia r it y w ith th e s t r u c t u r e o f th e p a r t ic u la r a c c o u n t in g s y s t e m u s e d . D e te r m in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d is t r ib u t io n o f d e b it and c r e d i t it e m s to b e u s e d in e a ch p h a s e o f the w o r k . M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o l id a t e d r e p o r t s , b a la n c e s h e e t s , and o t h e r r e c o r d s b y hand. P o s it io n s d e fin itio n s . a re c la s s ifie d into l e v e ls on th e b a s is o f the fo llo w in g C la s s A . W o r k r e q u ir e s th e a p p lic a tio n o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju d g m en t in s e le c t in g p r o c e d u r e s to be fo llo w e d and in s e a r c h in g f o r , in te r p r e tin g , s e le c t in g , o r c o d in g it e m s to b e k e y p u n ch e d f r o m a v a r ie t y o f s o u r c e d o c u m e n ts . On o c c a s i o n m a y a ls o p e r f o r m s o m e ro u tin e k e y p u n ch w o r k . M ay t r a in in e x p e r ie n c e d k e y p u n ch o p e r a t o r s . C la s s B . K e e p s a r e c o r d o f o n e o r m o r e p h a s e s o r s e c t io n s o f a s e t o f r e c o r d s u s u a lly r e q u ir in g lit t le k n o w le d g e o f b a s i c b o o k k e e p in g . P h a s e s o r s e c t i o n s in c lu d e a c c o u n t s p a y a b le , p a y r o ll, c u s t o m e r s ' a c c o u n t s (n o t in c lu d in g a s im p le ty p e o f b illin g d e s c r i b e d u n d er m a c h in e b i l l e r ) , M ay c h e c k s h e e ts f o r 17 K EY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R — C on tin u ed C O M P U T E R SY STE M S A N A L Y S T , BU SIN E SS— C o n tin u e d C la s s B . W o r k is r o u tin e and r e p e t it iv e . U n d er c l o s e s u p e r v is io n o r fo llo w in g s p e c i f i c p r o c e d u r e s o r in s t r u c t io n s , w o r k s f r o m v a r io u s s ta n d a r d iz e d s o u r c e d o c u m e n t s w h ic h h a v e b e e n c o d e d , and fo llo w s s p e c if ie d p r o c e d u r e s w h ich h a v e b e e n p r e s c r i b e d in d e t a il and r e q u ir e lit t le o r no s e le c t in g , c o d in g , o r in t e r p r e t in g o f da ta to b e r e c o r d e d . R e f e r s to s u p e r v i s o r p r o b le m s a r is in g f r o m e r r o n e o u s it e m s o r c o d e s o r m i s s in g in fo r m a tio n . ty p e s o f r e c o r d s , f i l e s , and d o c u m e n ts to b e u s e d ; o u tlin e s a c t io n s to be p e r f o r m e d b y p e r s o n n e l and c o m p u t e r s in s u f f ic ie n t d e t a il f o r p r e s e n t a t io n to m a n a g e m e n t and f o r p r o g r a m m in g ( t y p ic a lly th is in v o lv e s p r e p a r a t io n o f w o r k and data flo w c h a r t s ) ; c o o r d in a t e s th e d e v e lo p m e n t o f t e s t p r o b le m s and p a r t ic ip a t e s in t r i a l ru n s o f n e w and r e v i s e d s y s t e m s ; and r e c o m m e n d s eq u ip m en t ch a n g e s to o b ta in m o r e e f f e c t i v e o v e r a l l o p e r a t io n s . (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g b oth s y s t e m s a n a ly s is and p r o g r a m m in g s h o u ld b e c l a s s i f i e d a s s y s t e m s a n a ly sts i f th is is th e s k ill u s e d to d e t e r m in e t h e ir p a y .) T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s o n e o r a v a r ie t y o f m a c h in e s s u c h a s th e t a b u la t o r , c a l c u la t o r , c o l l a t o r , in t e r p r e t e r , s o r t e r , r e p r o d u c in g p u n c h , e t c . E x c lu d e d f r o m th is d e fin itio n a r e w o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r s . A ls o e x c lu d e d a r e o p e r a t o r s o f e le c t r o n ic d ig ita l c o m p u t e r s , e v en th ou g h th e y m a y a ls o o p e r a t e e l e c t r i c a c c o u n tin g m a c h in e e q u ip m e n t. D o e s not in clu d e e m p lo y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s ib le f o r th e m a n a g e m en t o r s u p e r v is io n o f o th e r e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g e m p lo y e e s , o r s y s t e m s a n a ly s ts p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c ie n t i f i c o r e n g in e e r in g p r o b l e m s . P o s it io n s a r e d e f in it io n s . C la s s A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s in v o lv in g a ll p h a s e s o f s y s t e m s a n a ly s is . P r o b le m s a r e c o m p le x b e c a u s e o f d iv e r s e s o u r c e s o f input da ta and m u lt ip le - u s e r e q u i r e m e n ts o f output data. ( F o r e x a m p le , d e v e lo p s an in te g r a t e d p r o d u c t io n s c h e d u lin g , in v e n to r y c o n t r o l, c o s t a n a ly s is , and s a le s a n a ly s is r e c o r d in w h ich e v e r y it e m o f e a ch ty p e is a u t o m a t ic a lly p r o c e s s e d th r o u g h th e fu ll s y s t e m o f r e c o r d s and a p p r o p r ia t e fo llo w u p a c t io n s a r e in itia te d b y th e c o m p u t e r .) C o n fe r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m in e th e da ta p r o c e s s i n g p r o b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t -m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l o n th e im p lic a t io n s o f n e w o r r e v i s e d s y s t e m s o f data p r o c e s s i n g o p e r a t io n s . M a k e s r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s , if n e e d e d , f o r a p p r o v a l o f m a j o r s y s t e m s in s t a lla t io n s o r ch a n g e s an d f o r o b ta in in g e q u ip m e n t. c l a s s i f i e d in to l e v e l s on th e b a s is o f th e fo llo w in g C la s s A . P e r f o r m s c o m p le t e r e p o r t in g and ta b u la tin g a s s ig n m e n t s in clu d in g d e v is in g d iffic u lt c o n t r o l p a n e l w ir in g u n d e r g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n . A s s ig n m e n t s t y p ic a lly in v o lv e a v a r ie t y o f lo n g and c o m p le x r e p o r t s w h ich o fte n a r e i r r e g u la r o r n o n r e c u r r in g , r e q u ir in g s o m e p la n n in g o f th e n a tu r e and s e q u e n c in g o f o p e r a t io n s , and th e u s e o f a v a r ie t y o f m a c h in e s . Is t y p ic a lly in v o lv e d in t r a in in g n ew o p e r a t o r s in m a c h in e o p e r a t io n s o r tr a in in g lo w e r le v e l o p e r a t o r s in w ir in g f r o m d ia g r a m s and in th e o p e r a t in g s e q u e n c e s o f lo n g and c o m p le x r e p o r t s . D o e s n ot in c lu d e p o s it io n s in w h ich w ir in g r e s p o n s ib ilit y is lim it e d to s e le c t io n and in s e r t io n o f p r e w i r e d b o a r d s . C la s s B . P e r f o r m s w o r k a c c o r d in g to e s t a b lis h e d p r o c e d u r e s and u n d e r s p e c i f i c in s t r u c t io n s . A s s ig n m e n t s t y p ic a lly in v o lv e c o m p le t e but r o u tin e and r e c u r r in g r e p o r t s o r p a r t s o f l a r g e r and m o r e c o m p le x r e p o r t s . O p e r a t e s m o r e d iffic u lt ta b u la tin g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t in g m a c h in e s s u ch as the ta b u la to r and c a l c u l a t o r , in a d d itio n to th e s im p le r m a c h in e s u s e d by c la s s C o p e r a t o r s . M a y b e r e q u ir e d to do s o m e w ir in g f r o m d ia g r a m s . M a y t r a in n e w e m p lo y e e s in b a s ic m a c h in e o p e r a t io n s . C la s s C . U n d er s p e c if ic - in s t r u c t io n s , o p e r a t e s s im p le ta b u la tin g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t in g m a c h in e s s u ch as th e s o r t e r , in t e r p r e t e r , r e p r o d u cin g p u n ch , c o l l a t o r , e tc . A s s ig n m e n t s t y p ic a lly in v o lv e p o r t io n s o f a w o r k u n it, f o r e x a m p le , in d iv id u a l s o r t in g o r c o lla t in g r u n s , o r r e p e t it iv e o p e r a t io n s . M ay p e r fo r m s im p le w ir in g f r o m d ia g r a m s , and do s o m e filin g w o r k . F o r w a ge stu dy p u r p o s e s , s y s t e m s a n a ly s t s a r e c l a s s i f i e d as f o l l o w s : M a y p r o v id e fu n ctio n a l w ho a r e a s s ig n e d to a s s i s t . d ir e c t io n to lo w e r l e v e l sy ste m s a n a ly s ts C la s s B . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n on p r o b le m s that a r e r e la t iv e ly u n c o m p lic a t e d to a n a ly z e , p la n , p r o g r a m , and op erate. P r o b le m s a r e o f lim it e d c o m p le x it y b e c a u s e s o u r c e s o f input data a r e h o m o g e n e o u s and th e output d a ta a r e c l o s e l y r e la t e d . ( F o r e x a m p le , d e v e lo p s s y s te m s f o r m a in ta in in g d e p o s it o r a c c o u n t s in a b a n k , m a in ta in in g a c c o u n t s r e c e iv a b le in a r e t a il e s t a b lis h m e n t , o r m a in ta in in g in v e n t o r y a c c o u n t s in a m a n u fa ctu rin g o r w h o le s a le e s t a b lis h m e n t .) C o n fe r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m in e th e d a ta p r o c e s s i n g p r o b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on th e im p lic a t io n s o f th e da ta p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m s to be a p p lie d . OR C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , BUSINESS W o r k s on a s e g m e n t o f a c o m p le x da ta p r o c e s s i n g s c h e m e o r s y s t e m , as d e s c r i b e d f o r c la s s A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o n r o u tin e a s s ig n m e n t s and r e c e i v e s in s t r u c tio n and g u id a n ce on c o m p le x a s s ig n m e n t s . W o r k is r e v ie w e d f o r a c c u r a c y o f ju d g m e n t, c o m p lia n c e w ith i n s t r u c t io n s , and to in s u r e p r o p e r a lig n m e n t w ith th e o v e r a l l s y s t e m . A n a ly z e s b u s in e s s p r o b l e m s to fo r m u la t e p r o c e d u r e s f o r s o lv in g th e m b y u s e o f e l e c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s i n g e q u ip m e n t. D e v e lo p s a c o m p le t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f a ll s p e c if ic a t io n s n e e d e d to e n a b le p r o g r a m m e r s to p r e p a r e r e q u ir e d d ig ita l c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : A n a ly z e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r o p e r a t io n s to b e a u to m a te d and id e n t ifie s c o n d it io n s and c r i t e r i a r e q u ir e d to a c h ie v e s a t i s f a c t o r y r e s u l t s ; s p e c i f i e s n u m b e r and C la s s C . W o r k s u n d e r im m e d ia t e s u p e r v is io n , c a r r y i n g out a n a ly s e s a s a s s ig n e d , u s u a lly o f a s in g le a c t iv it y . A s s ig n m e n t s a r e d e s ig n e d to d e v e lo p and expand p r a c t i c a l e x p e r ie n c e in th e a p p lic a t io n o f p r o c e d u r e s and s k ills r e q u ir e d f o r s y s t e m s a n a ly s is w o r k . F o r e x a m p le , m a y a s s i s t a h ig h e r l e v e l s y s t e m s a n a ly st b y p r e p a r in g th e d e t a ile d s p e c if ic a t io n s r e q u ir e d b y p r o g r a m m e r s f r o m in fo r m a tio n d e v e lo p e d b y th e h ig h e r l e v e l a n a ly s t . Professional and Technical 18 C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BUSINESS C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BU SIN ESS— C on tin u ed C o n v e r t s s ta t e m e n ts o f b u s in e s s p r o b l e m s , t y p ic a lly p r e p a r e d b y a s y s t e m s a n a ly s t , in to a s e q u e n c e o f d e t a ile d in s t r u c tio n s w h ic h a r e r e q u ir e d to s o lv e th e p r o b l e m s b y a u t o m a t ic data p r o c e s s i n g e q u ip m e n t. W o r k in g f r o m c h a r t s o r d ia g r a m s , th e p r o g r a m m e r d e v e lo p s th e p r e c i s e in s t r u c t io n s w h ic h , w h en e n te r e d in to th e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in c o d e d la n g u a g e , c a u s e th e m a n ip u la tio n o f da ta to a c h ie v e d e s i r e d r e s u l t s . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : A p p lie s k n o w le d g e o f c o m p u t e r c a p a b ilit ie s , m a t h e m a tic s , l o g i c e m p lo y e d b y c o m p u t e r s , and p a r t ic u la r s u b je c t m a t te r in v o lv e d to a n a ly z e c h a r ts and d ia g r a m s o f th e p r o b l e m to b e p r o g r a m m e d ; d e v e lo p s s e q u e n c e o f p r o g r a m s t e p s ; w r it e s d e t a ile d flo w c h a r t s to sh ow o r d e r in w h ic h da ta w i l l be p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r t s t h e s e c h a r t s to c o d e d in s t r u c tio n s f o r m a c h in e to f o llo w ; t e s t s and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in s t r u c tio n s f o r o p e r a t in g p e r s o n n e l d u r in g p r o d u c t io n ru n ; a n a ly z e s , r e v ie w s , and a lt e r s p r o g r a m s to i n c r e a s e o p e r a t in g e f f i c i e n c y o r adapt t o n ew r e q u ir e m e n t s ; m a in ta in s r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e v e lo p m e n t and r e v i s i o n s . (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m in g b oth s y s t e m s a n a ly s is and p r o g r a m m in g sh ou ld be c la s s if i e d a s s y s t e m s a n a ly s ts if th is is th e s k ill u s e d to d e t e r m in e th e ir p a y .) input data w h ich a r e r e a d ily a v a ila b le . W h ile n u m e r o u s r e c o r d s m a y be p r o c e s s e d , th e da ta h a v e b e e n r e f in e d in p r i o r a c tio n s s o that th e a c c u r a c y and s e q u e n c in g o f data can b e t e s t e d b y u s in g a fe w ro u tin e c h e c k s . T y p ic a lly , th e p r o g r a m d e a ls w ith r o u tin e r e c o r d k e e p in g o p e r a t io n s . D o e s n ot in c lu d e e m p lo y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s ib le f o r th e m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v is io n o f o th e r e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s , o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c ie n t if ic a n d /o r e n g in e e r in g p r o b l e m s . F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , p r o g r a m m e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d a s fo llo w s C la s s A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n d e r on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s w h ic h r e q u ir e c o m p e t e n c e in a ll p h a s e s o f p r o g r a m m in g c o n c e p t s and p r a c t i c e s . W o r k in g f r o m d ia g r a m s and c h a r t s w h ic h id e n tify th e n a tu r e o f d e s i r e d r e s u l t s , m a jo r p r o c e s s i n g step s to b e a c c o m p lis h e d , and th e r e la t io n s h ip s b e tw e e n v a r io u s s tep s o f th e p r o b le m s o lv in g r o u tin e ; p la n s th e fu ll r a n g e o f p r o g r a m m in g a c tio n s n e e d e d to e f fic i e n t ly u t iliz e th e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in a c h ie v in g d e s ir e d end p r o d u c t s . A t th is l e v e l , p r o g r a m m in g is d iffic u lt b e c a u s e c o m p u t e r eq u ip m e n t m u s t b e o r g a n iz e d to p r o d u c e s e v e r a l in t e r r e la t e d but d i v e r s e p r o d u c t s f r o m n u m e r o u s and d i v e r s e da ta e le m e n t s . A w id e v a r ie t y and e x t e n s iv e n u m b e r o f in te r n a l p r o c e s s i n g a c t io n s m u s t o c c u r . T h is r e q u ir e s s u c h a c t io n s as d e v e lo p m e n t o f c o m m o n o p e r a t io n s w h ich ca n b e r e u s e d , e s ta b lis h m e n t o f lin k a g e p o in ts b e tw e e n o p e r a t i o n s , a d ju s tm e n ts to data w hen p r o g r a m r e q u i r e m e n ts e x c e e d c o m p u t e r s t o r a g e c a p a c it y , and s u b s ta n tia l m a n ip u la tio n and r e s e q u e n c in g o f d a ta e le m e n t s to f o r m a h ig h ly in te g ra te d p r o g r a m . M a y p r o v i d e f u n c t io n a l a r e a s s i g n e d to a s s i s t . d ir e c t io n to lo w e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s w ho C la s s B . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n d e r on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n on r e l a t i v e l y s im p le p r o g r a m s , o r on s im p le s e g m e n ts o f c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s ( o r s e g m e n t s ) u s u a lly p r o c e s s in fo r m a tio n to p r o d u c e da ta in tw o o r t h r e e v a r ie d s e q u e n c e s o r f o r m a t s . R e p o r t s and lis t in g s a r e p r o d u c e d b y r e f in in g , a d a p tin g , a r r a y in g , o r m a k in g m in o r a d d ition s to o r d e le t io n s f r o m OR W o r k s on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s (a s d e s c r i b e d f o r c la s s A) u n d er c l o s e d ir e c t io n o f a h ig h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e r v is o r . M a y a s s is t h ig h e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r b y in d e p e n d e n tly p e r f o r m in g l e s s d iffic u lt ta s k s a s s ig n e d , and p e r fo r m in g m o r e d iffic u lt ta s k s u n d e r f a i r l y c l o s e d ir e c t io n . M a y g u id e o r in s t r u c t lo w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r s . C la s s C . M a k e s p r a c t i c a l a p p lic a t io n s o f p r o g r a m m in g p r a c t ic e s and c o n c e p t s u s u a lly le a r n e d in f o r m a l tr a in in g c o u r s e s . A s s ig n m e n ts a re d e s ig n e d to d e v e lo p c o m p e t e n c e in th e a p p lic a tio n o f s ta n d a rd p r o c e d u r e s to ro u tin e p r o b le m s . R e c e iv e s c l o s e s u p e r v is io n on new a s p e c t s o f a s s ig n m e n t s ; and w o r k is r e v ie w e d to v e r i f y its a c c u r a c y and c o n fo r m a n c e w ith r e q u ire d procedu res. COM PUTER O PERA TO R M o n it o r s and o p e r a t e s th e c o n t r o l c o n s o l e o f a d ig it a l c o m p u te r to p r o c e s s data a c c o r d in g to o p e r a t in g in s t r u c t io n s , u s u a lly p r e p a r e d by a p r o gram m er. W o r k in c lu d e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : S tu d ies in s t r u c tio n s to d e t e r m in e eq u ip m en t setu p and o p e r a t io n s ; lo a d s eq u ip m e n t w ith r e q u ir e d it e m s (ta p e r e e l s , c a r d s , e t c .) ; s w it c h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x ilia r y eq u ip m en t into c i r c u i t , and s ta r t s and o p e r a t e s c o m p u t e r ; m a k e s a d ju s tm e n ts to c o m p u te r to c o r r e c t o p e r a t in g p r o b le m s and m e e t s p e c ia l c o n d it io n s ; r e v ie w s e r r o r s m a d e d u rin g o p e r a t io n and d e t e r m in e s c a u s e o r r e f e r s p r o b le m to s u p e r v is o r o r p r o g r a m m e r ; and m a in ta in s o p e r a t in g r e c o r d s . M a y te s t and a s s is t in c o r r e c tin g p r o g r a m . F or w a g e stu dy pu rposes, c o m p u te r op era tors are c la s s if i e d as f o llo w s : C la s s A . O p e r a t e s in d e p e n d e n tly , o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n , a c o m p u t e r ru nn ing p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g c h a r a c t e r is t ic s : N ew p r o g r a m s a r e fr e q u e n tly t e s t e d and in tr o d u c e d ; s ch e d u lin g r e q u ir e m e n ts a r e o f c r i t i c a l im p o r t a n c e to m in im iz e d o w n tim e ; th e p r o g r a m s a r e o f c o m p le x d e s ig n so that id e n tific a t io n o f e r r o r s o u r c e o fte n r e q u ir e s a w o rk in g k n o w le d g e o f th e t o t a l p r o g r a m , and a lte r n a te p r o g r a m s m a y not be a v a ila b le . M a y g iv e d ir e c t io n and g u id a n c e to l o w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s . C la s s B . O p e r a t e s in d e p e n d e n tly , o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n , a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ; M o s t o f th e p r o g r a m s a r e e s ta b lis h e d p r o d u c t io n r u n s , t y p ic a lly run on a r e g u la r ly r e c u r r in g b a s is ; t h e r e is lit t le o r no t e s t in g o f n ew p r o g r a m s r e q u ir e d ; a lte r n a te p r o g r a m s a r e p r o v id e d in c a s e o r ig i n a l p r o g r a m n e e d s m a jo r ch a n g e o r ca n n ot b e c o r r e c t e d w ith in a r e a s o n a b ly s h o rt tim e . In 19 C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R — C on tin u ed D R A F T E R -T R A C E R c o m m o n e r r o r s itu a tio n s , d ia g n o s e s c a u s e and ta k e s c o r r e c t i v e a c tio n . T h is u s u a lly in v o lv e s a p p ly in g p r e v io u s ly p r o g r a m m e d c o r r e c t i v e s t e p s , o r u sin g s ta n d a rd c o r r e c t i o n t e c h n iq u e s . C o p ie s c lo t h o r p a p e r in c lu d e t r a c in g la r g e s c a le not p la n s and d r a w in g s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s b y p la c in g t r a c in g o v e r d r a w in g s and t r a c in g w ith p e n o r p e n c il. (D o e s not lim ite d to p la n s p r i m a r i l y c o n s i s t in g o f s tr a ig h t lin e s and a r e q u ir in g c l o s e d e lin e a tio n .) OR A N D /O R O p e r a t e s u n d e r d i r e c t s u p e r v is io n a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s o r s e g m e n ts o f p r o g r a m s w ith th e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s d e s c r i b e d f o r c la s s A . M ay a s s i s t a h ig h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r b y in d e p e n d e n tly p e r f o r m in g l e s s d iffic u lt ta s k s a s s ig n e d , and p e r f o r m in g d iffic u lt ta s k s fo llo w in g d e t a ile d in s t r u c t io n s and w ith fr e q u e n t r e v ie w o f o p e r a t io n s p e r f o r m e d . C la s s C . W o r k s on r o u tin e p r o g r a m s u n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v is io n . Is e x p e c te d to d e v e lo p w o r k in g k n o w le d g e o f th e c o m p u t e r eq u ip m e n t u s e d and a b ilit y to d e t e c t p r o b le m s in v o lv e d in ru nn ing r o u tin e p r o g r a m s . U s u a lly h as r e c e iv e d s o m e f o r m a l tr a in in g in c o m p u te r o p e r a t io n . M a y a s s i s t h ig h e r le v e l o p e r a t o r o n c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . DRAFTER C la s s A . P la n s th e g r a p h ic p r e s e n t a t io n o f c o m p le x it e m s h av in g d is t in c t iv e d e s ig n fe a t u r e s that d if f e r s ig n ific a n t ly f r o m e s ta b lis h e d d r a ftin g p reced en ts. W o r k s in c l o s e s u p p o rt w ith th e d e s ig n o r ig i n a t o r , and m a y r e c o m m e n d m in o r d e s ig n c h a n g e s . A n a ly z e s th e e f fe c t o f e a c h ch a n g e on th e d e t a ils o f f o r m , fu n c tio n , and p o s it io n a l r e la t io n s h ip s o f c o m p o n e n t s and p a r t s . W o r k s w ith a m in im u m o f s u p e r v is o r y a s s i s t a n c e . C o m p le t e d w o r k is r e v ie w e d b y d e s ig n o r ig i n a t o r f o r c o n s i s t e n c y w ith p r i o r e n g in e e r in g d e t e r m in a tio n s . M a y e it h e r p r e p a r e d r a w in g s o r d i r e c t t h e ir p r e p a r a t io n b y lo w e r le v e l d r a f t e r s . C la s s B . P e r f o r m s n o n r o u tin e and c o m p le x d r a ftin g a s s ig n m e n t s that r e q u ir e th e a p p lic a t io n o f m o s t o f th e s ta n d a r d iz e d d r a w in g te c h n iq u e s r e g u la r ly u s e d . D u tie s t y p ic a lly in v o lv e su ch w o r k a s : P r e p a r e s w o r k in g d r a w in g s o f s u b a s s e m b lie s w ith i r r e g u l a r s h a p e s , m u lt ip le fu n c t io n s , and p r e c i s e p o s it io n a l r e la t io n s h ip s b e tw e e n c o m p o n e n t s ; p r e p a r e s a r c h it e c t u r a l d r a w in g s f o r c o n s t r u c t io n o f a b u ild in g in clu d in g d e t a il d r a w in g s o f f o u n d a t io n s , w a ll s e c t i o n s , f l o o r p la n s , and r o o f . U s e s a c c e p t e d f o r m u la s and m a n u a ls in m a k in g n e c e s s a r y c o m p u ta tio n s to d e t e r m in e q u a n titie s o f m a t e r ia ls to b e u s e d , lo a d c a p a c i t i e s , s t r e n g t h s , s t r e s s e s , e t c . R e c e iv e s in itia l in s t r u c t io n s , r e q u ir e m e n t s , and a d v ic e f r o m s u p e r v is o r . C o m p le t e d w o r k is c h e c k e d f o r t e c h n ic a l a d e q u a c y . C la s s C . P r e p a r e s d e t a il d r a w in g s o f s in g le u n its o r p a r t s f o r e n g in e e r in g , c o n s t r u c t io n , m a n u fa c tu r in g , o r r e p a ir p u r p o s e s . Types of d r a w in g s p r e p a r e d in c lu d e i s o m e t r i c p r o je c t i o n s (d e p ic tin g t h r e e d im e n s io n s in a c c u r a t e s c a le ) and s e c t io n a l v ie w s to c l a r i f y p o s it io n in g o f c o m p o n e n t s and c o n v e y n e e d e d in fo r m a t io n . C o n s o lid a t e s d e t a ils f r o m a n u m b e r o f s o u r c e s and a d ju s ts o r t r a n s p o s e s s c a l e a s r e q u ir e d . S u g g e s te d m e th o d s o f a p p r o a c h , a p p lic a b le p r e c e d e n t s , and a d v ic e on s o u r c e m a t e r ia ls a r e g iv e n w ith in itia l a s s ig n m e n t s . I n s t r u c tio n s a r e l e s s c o m p le t e w h en a s s ig n m e n t s recu r. W o r k m a y b e s p o t - c h e c k e d d u rin g p r o g r e s s . 20 P r e p a r e s s im p le o r r e p e t it iv e d r a w in g s o f e a s ily v is u a liz e d it e m s . W o r k is c l o s e l y s u p e r v is e d d u rin g p r o g r e s s . E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N W o rk s on v a r io u s ty p e s o f e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t and r e la t e d d e v ic e s b y p e r fo r m in g on e o r a co m b in a tio n o f th e f o llo w in g : I n s t a llin g , m a in ta in in g , r e p a ir in g , o v e r h a u lin g , t r o u b le s h o o t in g , m o d if y in g , c o n s t r u c t in g , and te s t in g . W o r k r e q u ir e s p r a c t i c a l a p p lic a tio n o f t e c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e o f e l e c t r o n i c s p r i n c i p l e s , a b ility to d e t e r m in e m a lf u n c t io n s , and s k ill to put e q u ip m e n t in r e q u ir e d o p e r a tin g c o n d itio n . T h e eq u ip m en t— c o n s is t in g o f e it h e r m a n y d if f e r e n t k in d s o f c ir c u it s o r m u lt ip le r e p e titio n o f th e s a m e k in d o f c i r c u i t — in c lu d e s , but is n ot lim it e d t o , th e fo llo w in g : (a) E le c t r o n ic tr a n s m it t in g and r e c e iv in g e q u ip m e n t ( e . g . , r a d a r , r a d io , t e l e v is io n , te le p h o n e , s o n a r , n a v ig a tio n a l a i d s ) , (b) d ig ita l and a n a lo g c o m p u t e r s , and (c ) in d u s t r ia l and m e d ic a l m e a s u r in g and c o n t r o llin g e q u ip m e n t. T h is c la s s if i c a t io n e x c lu d e s r e p a i r e r s o f s u ch s ta n d a rd e l e c t r o n i c eq u ip m en t as c o m m o n o f f i c e m a c h in e s and h o u s e h o ld r a d io and t e l e v is io n s e t s ; p r o d u c tio n a s s e m b le r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h o s e p r im a r y duty is s e r v ic in g e le c t r o n ic t e s t in s t r u m e n ts ; t e c h n ic ia n s w h o h a v e a d m in is t r a t iv e o r s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s ib ilit y ; and d r a f t e r s , d e s i g n e r s , and p r o f e s s i o n a l e n g in e e r s . P o s it io n s d e fin it io n s . are c la s s ifie d in to l e v e ls on th e b a s is o f th e fo llo w in g C la s s A . A p p lie s a d v a n ce t e c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e to s o lv e u n u su a lly c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i . e . , t h o s e that t y p ic a lly ca n n o t b e s o lv e d s o l e l y b y r e f e r e n c e to m a n u fa c t u r e r s ' m a n u a ls o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t s ) in w o r k in g on e l e c t r o n i c eq u ip m en t. E x a m p le s o f s u c h p r o b l e m s in c lu d e lo c a t io n and d e n s ity o f c i r c u i t r y , e le c t r o m a g n e t ic r a d ia t io n , is o la t in g m a lf u n c t io n s , and fr e q u e n t e n g in e e r in g c h a n g e s . W o r k in v o lv e s : A d e t a ile d u n d e r s ta n d in g o f th e i n t e r r e la t io n s h ip s o f c i r c u i t s ; e x e r c i s in g in d e p e n d e n t ju d g m e n t in p e r f o r m in g su ch ta s k s a s m a k in g c ir c u it a n a ly s e s , c a lc u la t in g w a v e f o r m s , t r a c in g r e l a t i o n sh ip s in s ig n a l flo w ; and r e g u la r ly u s in g c o m p le x t e s t in s t r u m e n ts ( e . g . , du a l t r a c e o s c i l l o s c o p e s , Q - m e t e r s , d e v ia tio n m e t e r s , p u ls e g e n e r a t o r s ) . W o r k m a y b e r e v ie w e d b y s u p e r v is o r ( fr e q u e n t ly an e n g in e e r o r d e s ig n e r ) f o r g e n e r a l c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p t e d p r a c t i c e s . M a y p r o v id e t e c h n ic a l g u id a n ce to lo w e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n s . C la s s B . A p p lie s c o m p r e h e n s iv e t e c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e t o s o lv e c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i . e . , t h o s e that t y p ic a lly ca n b e s o lv e d s o l e l y b y p r o p e r l y in te r p r e tin g m a n u fa c t u r e r s ' m a n u a ls o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t s ) in w o r k in g on E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N — C on tin u ed M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R IC IA N e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s : A f a m ilia r it y w ith th e in t e r r e l a t i o n s h ip s o f c i r c u i t s ; and ju d g m e n t in d e t e r m in in g w o r k s e q u e n c e and in s e le c t in g t o o l s and t e s t in g in s t r u m e n t s , u s u a lly l e s s c o m p le x than t h o s e u s e d b y th e c l a s s A t e c h n ic ia n . P e r f o r m s a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c a l t r a d e fu n c tio n s s u ch as the in s t a l la t io n , m a in te n a n c e , o r r e p a ir o f e q u ip m e n t f o r th e g e n e r a t io n , d is t r ib u t io n , o r u t iliz a t io n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : In s ta llin g o r r e p a ir in g any o f a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m en t su ch a s g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , s w it c h b o a r d s , c o n t r o l l e r s , c ir c u it b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , h ea tin g u n its , co n d u it s y s t e m s , o r o th e r tr a n s m is s io n e q u ip m e n t; w o r k in g f r o m b lu e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , la y o u t s , o r o th e r s p e c i f i c a t io n s ; lo c a t in g and d ia g n o s in g tr o u b le in th e e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m o r e q u ip m e n t; w o r k in g s ta n d a rd c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to lo a d r e q u ir e m e n t s o f w ir in g o r e l e c t r i c a l eq u ip m e n t; and u s in g a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c i a n 's h a n d to o ls and m e a s u r in g and te s t in g in s t r u m e n ts . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n ce e l e c t r i c i a n r e q u ir e s ro u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . R e c e i v e s t e c h n ic a l g u id a n c e , a s r e q u ir e d , f r o m s u p e r v is o r o r h ig h e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n , and w o r k is r e v ie w e d f o r s p e c i f i c c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p t e d p r a c t i c e s and w o r k a s s i g n m e n t s . M a y p r o v id e t e c h n ic a l g u id a n ce to lo w e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n s . C la s s C . A p p lie s w o r k in g t e c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e to p e r f o r m s im p le o r r o u tin e ta s k s in w o r k in g on e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t, fo llo w in g d e t a ile d i n s t r u c t io n s w h ic h c o v e r v ir t u a lly a ll p r o c e d u r e s . W o r k t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s s u ch ta s k s a s : A s s is t in g h ig h e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n s b y p e r fo r m in g s u ch a c t i v it ie s as r e p la c in g c o m p o n e n t s , w ir in g c i r c u i t s , and ta k in g te s t r e a d in g s ; r e p a ir in g s im p le e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t; an d u sin g t o o l s and c o m m o n t e s t in s t r u m e n ts ( e . g . , m u lt im e t e r s , a u d io s ig n a l g e n e r a t o r s , tu b e t e s t e r s , o s c i l l o s c o p e s ) . Is n o t r e q u ir e d to b e f a m i l i a r w ith th e in t e r r e la t io n s h ip s o f c i r c u i t s . T h is k n o w le d g e , h o w e v e r , m a y b e a c q u ir e d th ro u g h a s s ig n m e n t s d e s ig n e d to i n c r e a s e c o m p e t e n c e (in c lu d in g c l a s s r o o m tr a in in g ) s o that w o r k e r ca n a d v a n c e to h ig h e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n . R e c e i v e s t e c h n ic a l g u id a n c e , a s r e q u ir e d , f r o m s u p e r v is o r o r h ig h e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n . W o r k is t y p i c a l l y spot c h e c k e d , but is g iv e n d e t a ile d r e v ie w w h en n e w o r a d v a n c e d a s s ig n m e n t s a r e in v o lv e d . R E G IS T E R E D IN D U S T R IA L N U R SE S A r e g i s t e r e d n u r s e w h o g iv e s n u rs in g s e r v i c e u n d e r g e n e r a l m e d ic a l d i r e c t i o n to i l l o r in ju r e d e m p lo y e e s o r o th e r p e r s o n s w h o b e c o m e i l l o r s u f f e r an a c c id e n t o n th e p r e m i s e s o f a f a c t o r y o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. D u tie s in v o lv e a c o m b in a t io n o f th e fo llo w in g : G ivin g f i r s t a id to th e i l l o r in ju r e d ; a tte n d in g to s u b s e q u e n t d r e s s in g o f e m p lo y e e s ' in ju r ie s ; k e e p in g r e c o r d s o f p a t ie n t s t r e a t e d ; p r e p a r in g a c c id e n t r e p o r ts f o r c o m p e n s a t io n o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s i s t in g in p h y s ic a l e x a m in a tio n s and h e a lth e v a lu a tio n s o f a p p lic a n t s and e m p lo y e e s ; an d p la n n in g and c a r r y in g out p r o g r a m s in v o lv in g h e a lth e d u c a tio n , a c c id e n t p r e v e n t io n , e v a lu a tio n o f plan t e n v ir o n m e n t , o r o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s a ff e c t in g th e h e a lth , w e lf a r e , and s a fe ty o f a ll p e r s o n n e l. N u r s in g s u p e r v i s o r s o r h e a d n u r s e s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than o n e n u r s e a r e e x c lu d e d . Maintenance, Toolroom, and Powerplant M A IN T E N A N C E P A IN T E R P a in ts and r e d e c o r a t e s w a lls , w o o d w o r k , and f ix t u r e s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s th e f o llo w in g : K n o w le d g e o f s u r f a c e p e c u lia r it ie s and ty p e s o f pa in t r e q u ir e d f o r d iffe r e n t a p p lic a t io n s ; p r e p a r in g s u r fa c e fo r p a in tin g b y r e m o v in g o^.d fin is h o r b y p la c in g pu tty o r f i l l e r in n a il h o le s and i n t e r s t i c e s ; and a p p ly in g pa in t w ith s p r a y gun o r b r u s h . M a y m ix c o l o r s , o i l s , w h ite le a d , and o th e r p a in t in g r e d ie n ts to o b ta in p r o p e r c o l o r o r c o n siste n c y . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e p a in te r r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E M A C H IN IST P r o d u c e s r e p la c e m e n t p a r t s and n ew p a r t s in m a k in g r e p a ir s o f m e t a l p a r t s o f m e c h a n ic a l eq u ip m e n t o p e r a t e d in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : In te r p r e tin g w r it te n in s t r u c t io n s and s p e c i f ic a t io n s ; p la n n in g and la y in g out o f w o r k ; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f m a c h in is t 's h a n d to o ls and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n ts ; s e ttin g up and o p e r a tin g s ta n d a rd m a c h in e t o o l s ; s h a p in g o f m e t a l p a r t s to c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; m a k in g s ta n d a rd sh op c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k , t o o lin g , f e e d s , and s p e e d s o f m a c h in in g ; k n o w le d g e o f th e w o r k in g p r o p e r t i e s o f th e c o m m o n m e t a ls ; s e le c t in g s ta n d a rd m a t e r i a l s , p a r t s , and e q u ip m e n t r e q u ir e d fo r th is w o r k ; and fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a r t s in to m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t. In g e n e r a l, th e m a c h in is t 's w o r k n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a r o u n d e d t r a in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r eq u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M a c h in e r y ) P e r f o r m s th e c a r p e n t r y d u ties n e c e s s a r y to c o n s t r u c t and m a in ta in in g o o d r e p a ir b u ild in g w o o d w o r k and eq u ip m en t su ch as b in s , c r i b s , c o u n t e r s , b e n c h e s , p a r t it i o n s , d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a i r s , c a s in g s , and t r i m m a d e o f w o o d in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : P la n n in g and la y in g out o f w o r k f r o m b lu e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , m o d e ls , o r v e r b a l in s t r u c t io n s ; u s in g a v a r ie t y o f c a r p e n t e r 's h a n d t o o ls , p o r t a b le p o w e r t o o l s , and s ta n d a rd m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n t s ; m a k in g s ta n d a rd sh op co m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k ; and s e le c t in g m a t e r ia ls n e c e s s a r y f o r th e w o r k . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e c a r p e n t e r r e q u ir e s rou n d ed tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . R e p a ir s m a c h in e r y o r m e c h a n ic a l eq u ip m e n t o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : E x a m in in g m a c h in e s and m e c h a n ic a l eq u ip m en t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b le ; d is m a n t lin g o r p a r t ly d is m a n tlin g m a c h in e s and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that m a in ly in v o lv e th e u s e o f h a n d to o ls in s c r a p in g and fittin g p a r t s ; r e p la c in g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t iv e p a r t s w ith ite m s o b ta in e d f r o m s t o c k ; o r d e r in g th e p r o d u c tio n o f a r e p la c e m e n t p a rt b y a m a c h in e sh op o r s e n d in g th e m a c h in e to a m a c h in e sh op f o r m a jo r r e p a ir s ; p r e p a r in g w r it te n s p e c if ic a t io n s f o r m a jo r r e p a ir s o r f o r th e p r o d u c tio n o f p a r t s o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h in e s h o p s ; r e a s s e m b lin g m a c h in e s ; and m a k in g a ll n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n ts f o r o p e r a t io n . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f a m a c h in e r y m a in te n a n c e m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s ro u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly 21 M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M a c h in e r y )— C on tin u ed M IL L W R IG H T — C on tin ued a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r i en ce. E x c lu d e d f r o m th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y d u tie s in v o lv e s e ttin g up o r a d ju s tin g m a c h in e s . w o r k ; in te r p r e tin g b lu e p r in ts o r o th e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f h a n d t o o l s and r ig g in g ; m a k in g s ta n d a rd s h o p c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to s t r e s s e s , s tre n g th o f m a t e r ia ls , and c e n t e r s o f g r a v it y ; a lig n in g and b a la n c in g e q u ip m e n t; s e le c t in g s ta n d a rd t o o l s , e q u ip m e n t, and p a r t s to be u s e d ; and in s ta llin g and m a in ta in in g in g o o d o r d e r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u ip m e n t su ch a s d r iv e s and s p e e d r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l, th e m i llw r ig h t 's w o r k n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a rou n d ed tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e in th e t r a d e a c q u ir e d th ro u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M o t o r V e h ic le s ) R e p a ir s a u t o m o b ile s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , and t r a c t o r s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : E x a m in in g a u t o m o t iv e e q u ip m en t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b le ; d is a s s e m b lin g e q u ip m e n t and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that in v o lv e th e u s e o f s u ch h a n d to o ls a s w r e n c h e s , g a u g e s , d r i l l s , o r s p e c i a l i z e d e q u ip m e n t in d is a s s e m b lin g o r fittin g p a r t s ; r e p la c in g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t iv e p a r t s f r o m s t o c k ; g rin d in g and a d ju s tin g v a lv e s ; r e a s s e m b lin g and in s t a llin g th e v a r io u s a s s e m b l i e s in th e v e h ic le and m a k in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n t s ; and a lig n in g w h e e l s , a d ju s tin g b r a k e s and lig h t s , o r tig h te n in g b o d y b o lt s . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m o t o r v e h ic le m a in te n a n c e m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . T h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s not in c lu d e t o m e r s ' v e h ic le s in a u t o m o b ile r e p a ir s h o p s . m e c h a n ic s w ho r e p a ir cu s M A IN T E N A N C E P I P E F I T T E R In s ta lls o r r e p a ir s w a t e r , s t e a m , g a s , o r o th e r ty p e s o f p ip e and p ip e fitt in g s in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : L a y in g out w o r k and m e a s u r in g to lo c a t e p o s it io n o f p ip e f r o m d r a w in g s o r o th e r w r itte n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; cu ttin g v a r io u s s i z e s o f p ip e to c o r r e c t le n g th s w ith c h is e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e t y le n e t o r c h o r p ip e -c u t t in g m a c h in e s ; th re a d in g p ip e w ith s t o c k s and d ie s ; b en d in g p ip e b y h a n d -d r iv e n o r p o w e r - d r i v e n m a c h in e s ; a s s e m b lin g p ip e w ith c o u p lin g s and fa s te n in g p ip e t o h a n g e r s ; m a k in g s ta n d a rd s h o p c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to p r e s s u r e s , f lo w , and s iz e o f p ip e r e q u ir e d ; and m a k in g s ta n d a rd t e s t s to d e t e r m in e w h e th e r fin is h e d p ip e s m eet s p e c ific a tio n s . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e p ip e fit t e r r e q u ir e s ro u n d e d t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . W o r k e r s p r im a r ily e n g a g e d in in s t a llin g and r e p a ir in g b u ild in g s a n ita tio n o r h e a tin g s y s t e m s a r e e x c lu d e d . M A IN T E N A N C E S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K E R F a b r i c a t e s , in s t a lls , and m a in ta in s in g o o d r e p a ir th e s h e e t -m e t a l e q u ip m e n t and f ix t u r e s ( s u c h a s m a c h in e g u a r d s , g r e a s e p a n s , s h e lv e s , l o c k e r s , ta n k s , v e n t ila t o r s , c h u t e s , d u c t s , m e t a l r o o fin g ) o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : P la n n in g and la y in g out a ll ty p e s o f s h e e t -m e t a l m a in te n a n c e w o r k f r o m b lu e p r in t s , m o d e ls , o r o th e r s p e c i f i c a t io n s ; s e tt in g up and o p e r a t in g a ll a v a ila b le ty p e s o f s h e e t -m e t a l w o r k in g m a c h in e s ; u s in g a v a r ie t y o f h a n d to o ls in c u tt in g , b e n d in g , f o r m in g , sh a p in g , fitt in g , and a s s e m b lin g ; and in s t a llin g s h e e t -m e t a l a r t i c l e s a s r e q u ir e d . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u ir e s ro u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M IL L W R IG H T I n s t a lls n e w m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t, and d is m a n t le s and in s t a lls m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t w hen c h a n g e s in th e p la n t la y o u t a r e r e q u ir e d . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : P la n n in g and la y in g out 22 M A IN T E N A N C E T R A D E S H E L P E R A s s is t s on e o r m o r e w o r k e r s in th e s k ille d m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s , by p e r f o r m in g s p e c if ic o r g e n e r a l d u tie s o f l e s s e r s k ill, su ch a s k e e p in g a w o r k e r s u p p lie d w ith m a t e r ia ls and t o o l s ; c le a n in g w o r k in g a r e a , m a c h in e , and eq u ip m en t; a s s is t in g jo u r n e y m a n b y h o ld in g m a t e r ia ls o r t o o l s ; and p e r f o r m in g o th e r u n s k ille d ta s k s a s d i r e c t e d b y jo u r n e y m a n . T h e k in d o f w o r k th e h e lp e r is p e r m it te d to p e r f o r m v a r i e s f r o m t r a d e to t r a d e : In s o m e t r a d e s th e h e lp e r is c o n fin e d to s u p p ly in g , lif t in g , and h o ld in g m a t e r ia ls and t o o l s , and cle a n in g w o r k in g a r e a s ; and in o t h e r s he is p e r m it t e d to p e r f o r m s p e c ia liz e d m a ch in e o p e r a t io n s , o r p a r t s o f a t r a d e that a r e a ls o p e r f o r m e d b y w o r k e r s on a f u l l - t i m e b a s is . M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R (T O O L R O O M ) S p e c ia liz e s in o p e r a t in g o n e o r m o r e than o n e ty p e o f m a c h in e t o o l ( e . g . , jig b o r e r , g rin d in g m a c h in e , e n g in e la th e , m illin g m a ch in e ) to m a c h in e m e ta l f o r u s e in m a k in g o r m a in ta in in g j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cu ttin g t o o l s , g a u g e s , o r m e t a l d ie s o r m o ld s u s e d in sh a p in g o r fo r m in g m e t a l o r n o n m e t a llic m a t e r ia l ( e . g . , p l a s t i c , p l a s t e r , r u b b e r , g l a s s ) . W o r k t y p ic a lly in v o l v e s : P la n n in g and p e r fo r m in g d if f ic u lt m a c h in in g o p e r a t io n s w h ich r e q u ir e c o m p lic a t e d setu p s o r a h ig h d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; s e ttin g up m a c h in e t o o l o r t o o l s ( e . g . , in s t a ll cu ttin g t o o l s and a d ju s t g u id e s , s t o p s , w o r k in g t a b le s , and o th e r c o n t r o ls to h a n d le th e s i z e o f s t o c k to b e m a c h in e d ; d e t e r m in e p r o p e r f e e d s , s p e e d s , t o o l in g , and o p e r a t io n s e q u e n c e o r s e le c t t h o s e p r e s c r i b e d in d r a w in g s , b lu e p r in t s , o r la y o u t s ); u s in g a v a r ie t y o f p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n ts ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n ts d u rin g m a c h in in g o p e r a t io n to a c h ie v e r e q u is i t e d im e n s io n s to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s . M a y b e r e q u ir e d to s e le c t p r o p e r c o o la n t s and cu ttin g and lu b r ic a t in g o i l s , to r e c o g n iz e w hen t o o l s n e e d d r e s s i n g , and to d r e s s t o o l s . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f a m a c h in e -t o o l o p e r a t o r ( t o o lr o o m ) at th e s k ill le v e l c a lle d f o r in th is c la s s if i c a t io n r e q u ir e s e x t e n s iv e k n o w le d g e o f m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t ic e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h c o n s i d e r a b le o n - t h e - j o b t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s not in clu d e m a c h in e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s ( t o o lr o o m ) e m p lo y e d in t o o l and d ie jo b b in g shops. T O O L A N D DIE M A K E R C o n s tr u c ts and r e p a ir s j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cu ttin g t o o l s , g a u g e s , o r m e t a l d ie s o r m o ld s u s e d in s h a p in g o r fo r m in g m e t a l o r n o n m e t a llic m a t e r ia l ( e .g ., p la s t ic , p la s t e r , r u b b e r , g l a s s ) . W o r k t y p ic a lly in v o l v e s : P la n n in g and la y in g ou t w o r k a c c o r d in g to m o d e l s , b lu e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , o r o th e r w ritte n o r o r a l s p e c if ic a t io n s ; u n d e r s ta n d in g th e w o r k in g p r o p e r t i e s o f c o m m o n m e ta ls and a llo y s ; s e le c t in g a p p r o p r ia t e m a t e r i a l s , t o o l s , and T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R — C on tin u ed S H IP P IN G A N D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K p r o c e s s e s r e q u ir e d t o c o m p le t e ta s k s ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y sh o p c o m p u ta tio n s ; s e tt in g up and o p e r a t in g v a r io u s m a ch in e t o o l s and r e la t e d e q u ip m e n t; u sin g v a r io u s t o o l and d ie m a k e r 's h a n d to o ls and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n ts ; w o r k in g to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; h e a t -t r e a tin g m e ta l p a r t s and fin is h e d t o o l s and d ie s to a c h ie v e r e q u ir e d q u a lit ie s ; fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a r t s to p r e s c r i b e d t o l e r a n c e s and a llo w a n c e s . In g e n e r a l, th e t o o l and d ie m a k e r 's w o r k r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d t r a in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . P r e p a r e s m e r c h a n d is e f o r s h ip m e n t, o r r e c e i v e s and is r e s p o n s ib le f o r in c o m in g s h ip m e n ts 01 m e r c h a n d is e o r o th e r m a t e r ia ls . Sh ipping w o r k in v o lv e s : A k n o w le d g e o f sh ip p in g p r o c e d u r e s , p r a c t i c e s , r o u t e s , a v a ila b le m e a n s o f t r a n s p o r t a t io n , a nd r a t e s ; and p r e p a r in g r e c o r d s o f th e g o o d s s h ip p e d , m a k in g up b i l l s o f la d in g , p o s t in g w e ig h t and sh ip p in g c h a r g e s , and k e e p in g a f i l e o f s h ip p in g r e c o r d s . M a y d ir e c t o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r in g th e m e r c h a n d is e f o r s h ip m e n t. R e c e iv in g w o r k i n v o lv e s ; V e r ify in g o r d ir e c t in g o t h e r s in v e r if y in g th e c o r r e c t n e s s o f s h ip m e n ts a g a in st b ills o f la d in g , in v o i c e s , o r o t h e r r e c o r d s ; c h e c k in g f o r s h o r t a g e s and r e je c t in g d a m a g e d g o o d s ; ro u tin g m e r c h a n d is e o r m a t e r ia ls t o p r o p e r d e p a r tm e n t s ; and m a in ta in in g n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s and f i l e s . F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e stu dy p u r p o s e s , th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s not in c lu d e t o o l and d ie m a k e r s w h o (1) a r e e m p lo y e d in t o o l and d ie jo b b in g s h o p s o r (2) p r o d u c e f o r g in g d ie s (d ie s in k e r s ) . For O p e r a t e s a nd m a in ta in s and m a y a ls o s u p e r v is e th e o p e r a t io n o f s t a t io n a r y e n g in e s and eq u ip m e n t ( m e c h a n ic a l o r e le c t r ic a l) to s u p p ly th e e s ta b lis h m e n t in w h ic h e m p lo y e d w ith p o w e r , h ea t, r e f r i g e r a t i o n , o r a i r c o n d it io n in g . W o r k i n v o lv e s : O p e r a tin g and m a in ta in in g e q u ip m en t s u ch as s t e a m e n g in e s , a ir c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , t u r b in e s , v e n tila tin g and r e f r i g e r a t i n g e q u ip m e n t, s te a m b o i l e r s and b o i l e r - f e d w a te r p u m p s ; m a k in g e q u ip m e n t r e p a i r s ; and k e e p in g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a t io n o f m a c h in e r y , t e m p e r a t u r e , a n d f u e l c o n s u m p tio n . M a y a ls o s u p e r v is e t h e s e o p e r a t io n s . H e a d o r c h i e f e n g in e e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than on e e n g in e e r a r e e x c lu d e d . pu rposes, w ork ers are c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : W AREHOUSEM AN A s d i r e c t e d , p e r f o r m s a v a r ie t y o f w a r e h o u s in g d u tie s w h ich r e q u ir e an u n d e r s ta n d in g o f th e e s t a b lis h m e n t 's s t o r a g e p la n . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : V e r if y in g m a t e r ia ls ( o r m e r c h a n d is e ) a g a in st r e c e iv in g d o c u m e n t s , n o tin g and r e p o r t in g d is c r e p a n c i e s and o b v io u s d a m a g e s ; ro u tin g m a t e r ia ls to p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e lo c a t io n s ; s t o r i n g , s ta c k in g , o r p a lle t iz in g m a t e r ia ls in a c c o r d a n c e w ith p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e m e t h o d s ; r e a r r a n g in g and ta k in g in v e n t o r y o f s t o r e d m a t e r ia ls ; e x a m in in g s t o r e d m a t e r ia ls and r e p o r t in g d e t e r io r a t io n and d a m a g e ; r e m o v in g m a t e r ia l f r o m s t o r a g e and p r e p a r in g it f o r sh ip m e n t. M a y o p e r a t e hand o r p o w e r t r u c k s in p e r fo r m in g w a r e h o u s in g d u tie s . B O IL E R T E N D E R F i r e s s t a t io n a r y b o i l e r s to fu r n is h th e e s ta b lis h m e n t in w h ich e m p lo y e d w ith h e a t, p o w e r , o r s te a m . F e e d s fu e ls to f i r e b y hand o r o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n ic a l s t o k e r , g a s , o r o i l b u r n e r ; a nd c h e c k s w a te r and s a fe t y v a lv e s . M a y c le a n , o i l , o r a s s i s t in r e p a ir in g b o i l e r r o o m eq u ip m e n t. E x c lu d e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r im a r y d u t i e s in v o lv e sh ip p in g and r e c e iv in g w o r k ( s e e S h ipp in g and R e c e iv in g C le r k and Sh ipping P a c k e r ), o r d e r f illin g ( s e e O r d e r F i l l e r ) , o r o p e r a t in g p o w e r t r u c k s ( s e e P o w e r - T r u c k O p e ra to r). Material Movement and Custodial O R D E R F IL L E R F i l l s s h ip p in g o r t r a n s f e r o r d e r s f o r fin is h e d g o o d s f r o m s to r e d m e r c h a n d is e in a c c o r d a n c e w ith s p e c if ic a t io n s on s a le s s l i p s , c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s , o r o t h e r in s t r u c t io n s . M a y , in a d d itio n to f illin g o r d e r s and in d i ca tin g it e m s f i l l e d o r o m it t e d , k e e p r e c o r d s o f o u tg o in g o r d e r s , r e q u is itio n a d d itio n a l s t o c k o r r e p o r t s h o r t s u p p lie s to s u p e r v i s o r , and p e r f o r m o th e r r e la t e d d u tie s . T R U C K D R IV E R D r iv e s a t r u c k w ith in a c it y o r in d u s t r ia l a r e a to t r a n s p o r t m a t e r i a l s , m e r c h a n d is e , e q u ip m e n t, o r w o r k e r s b etw een v a r io u s ty p e s o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s su ch a s : M a n u fa c tu r in g p la n ts , fr e ig h t d e p o ts , w a r e h o u s e s , w h o l e s a le a n d r e t a i l e s t a b lis h m e n t s , o r b e tw e e n r e t a il e s ta b lis h m e n ts and c u s t o m e r s ' h o u s e s o r p l a c e s o f b u s in e s s . M a y a ls o lo a d o r u n lo a d t r u c k w ith o r w ith o u t h e l p e r s , m a k e m i n o r m e c h a n ic a l r e p a i r s , and k e e p t r u c k in g o o d w o r k in g o r d e r . S a le s r o u t e and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r iv e r s a r e e x c lu d e d . S H IP P IN G P A C K E R P r e p a r e s fin is h e d p r o d u c t s f o r sh ip m e n t o r s t o r a g e by p la c in g th e m in sh ip p in g c o n t a in e r s , th e s p e c i f i c o p e r a t io n s p e r f o r m e d b e in g d e p en d en t u p on th e t y p e , s i z e , and n u m b e r o f u n its to b e p a c k e d , th e ty p e o f c o n ta in e r e m p lo y e d , and m e t h o d o f s h ip m e n t. W o r k r e q u ir e s th e p la c in g o f it e m s in sh ip p in g c o n t a in e r s and m a y in v o lv e on e o r m o r e o f th e f o llo w in g : K n o w le d g e o f v a r io u s it e m s o f s t o c k in o r d e r to v e r i f y c o n te n t; s e le c t io n o f a p p r o p r ia t e ty p e and s iz e o f c o n t a in e r ; in s e r tin g e n c lo s u r e s in c o n t a in e r ; u sin g e x c e l s i o r o r o th e r m a t e r ia l to p r e v e n t b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c lo s in g and s e a lin g c o n t a in e r ; and a p p ly in g la b e ls o r e n te r in g id e n tify in g data o n c o n ta in e r . P a c k e r s w h o a ls o m a k e w o o d e n b o x e s o r c r a t e s a r e e x c lu d e d . F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , t r u c k d r iv e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y s iz e and ty p e o f e q u ip m e n t, as f o l l o w s : ( T r a c t o r - t r a i l e r sh ou ld b e r a te d on the b a s is o f t r a i l e r c a p a c it y .) stu dy S h ipp in g c l e r k R e c e iv in g c l e r k S h ip p in g and r e c e iv in g c l e r k S T A T IO N A R Y E N G IN E E R T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , w age lig h t t r u c k (u n d er 1 V 2 ton s) m e d iu m t r u c k ( I V 2 to and in clu d in g 4 ton s) h e a v y t r u c k ( t r a ile r ) ( o v e r 4 ton s) h e a v y t r u c k (o th e r than t r a i le r ) ( o v e r 4 to n s ) 23 M A T E R I A L H A N D L IN G L A B O R E R GUARD AND W ATCHM AN A w o r k e r e m p lo y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t, s t o r e , o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t w h o s e d u tie s in v o lv e o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o llo w in g ; L o a d in g and u n lo a d in g v a r io u s m a t e r ia ls and m e r c h a n d is e on o r f r o m fr e ig h t c a r s , t r u c k s , o r o th e r t r a n s p o r t in g d e v i c e s ; u n p a c k in g , s h e lv in g , o r p la c in g m a t e r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e lo c a t io n ; and t r a n s p o r t in g m a t e r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e b y h a n d tru c k , c a r , o r w h e e lb a r r o w . L on gshore w o r k e r s , w h o lo a d and u n loa d s h ip s , a r e e x c lu d e d . G u a rd . P e r f o r m s ro u tin e p o l i c e d u t ie s , e it h e r at f ix e d p o s t o r on t o u r , m a in ta in in g o r d e r , u sin g a r m s o r f o r c e w h e r e n e c e s s a r y . In clu d e s g u a rd s w h o a re s ta tio n e d at g a te a n d c h e c k o n id e n tity o f e m p lo y e e s and o th e r p e r s o n s e n te r in g . W a tch m a n . M a k e s ro u n d s o f p r e m i s e s p r o p e r t y a g a in st f i r e , th e ft, and i l l e g a l e n tr y . p e r io d ic a lly in p r o t e c t in g P O W E R -T R U C K O P E R A T O R J A N IT O R , P O R T E R , OR C L E A N E R O p e r a t e s a m a n u a lly c o n t r o lle d g a s o l i n e - o r e l e c t r i c - p o w e r e d t r u c k o r t r a c t o r to t r a n s p o r t g o o d s and m a t e r ia ls o f a ll k in d s a b ou t a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa ctu rin g p la n t, o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. tru ck , F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e o f p o w e r as f o l l o w s : F o r k lift o p e r a t o r P o w e r - t r u c k o p e r a t o r (o th e r than fo r k lift ) 24 C le a n s and k e e p s in an o r d e r l y c o n d it io n f a c t o r y w o r k in g a r e a s and w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m is e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a r tm e n t h o u s e , o r c o m m e r i c a l o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. D u tie s in v o lv e a c o m b in a t io n o f th e f o llo w in g : S w e e p in g , m o p p in g o r s c r u b b in g , and p o lis h in g f l o o r s ; r e m o v in g c h ip s , t r a s h , and o th e r r e fu s e ; d u stin g e q u ip m e n t, f u r n it u r e , o r f ix t u r e s ; p o lis h in g m e t a l f ix t u r e s o r tr im m in g s ; p r o v id in g s u p p lie s a nd m i n o r m a in te n a n c e s e r v i c e s ; and c le a n in g l a v a t o r ie s , s h o w e r s , a nd r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s w ho s p e c i a l i z e in w in d ow w a sh in g a r e e x c lu d e d . Area Wage Surveys A l i s t o f th e la t e s t b u lle tin s a v a ila b le is p r e s e n te d b e lo w . B u lle tin s m a y b e p u r c h a s e d f r o m a n y o f th e B L S r e g io n a l o f f i c e s sh ow n on th e b a c k c o v e r , o r f r o m th e S u p e rin te n d e n t o f D o c u m e n ts , U.S. G o v e rn m e n t P r in tin g O f f i c e , W a s h in g t o n , D .C . 2 0 4 0 2 . M a k e c h e c k s p a y a b le to S u p erin ten d en t o f D o c u m e n ts . A d i r e c t o r y o f o c c u p a t io n a l w a ge s u r v e y s , c o v e r i n g th e y e a r s 1970 th ro u g h 1 9 7 6 , is a v a ila b le on r e q u e s t . A rea B u lle tin n u m b e r and p r i c e * A k r o n , O h io , D e c . 1 9 7 7 ........................................................................... 1 9 5 0 -7 0 , 80 ce n ts A lb a n y —S ch e n e cta d y —T r o y , N .Y ., Sept. 1977 ------ ------------------- 1 9 5 0 -5 2 , 80 ce n ts A n a h e im —Santa A na—G a rd e n G r o v e , C a lif ., O c t . 1 9 7 7 ________________________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -6 0 , $ 1 .0 0 A tla n ta , G a ., M a y 1 9 7 7 ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 9 5 0 -1 7 , $ 1 .2 0 B a l t i m o r e , M d ., A u g . 1 9 7 7 --------------------------------------------------------- 1 9 5 0 -3 9 , $ 1 .2 0 B illin g s , M o n t ., J u ly 1977 1 ------------------------------------------------------- 1 9 5 0 -4 0 , $ 1 .0 0 B ir m in g h a m , A l a . , M a r . 1 9 7 8 --------------------------------------------------- 2 0 2 5 -1 5 , 80 ce n ts B o s t o n , M a s s . , A u g . 1977 ---------------------------------------------------------- 1 9 5 0 -5 0 , $ 1 .2 0 B u ffa lo , N .Y ., O c t . 1977 . . ---------- ----------------------------------------------- 1 9 5 0 -5 8 , $ 1 .0 0 C a n to n , O h io , M a y 1977 1 ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 9 5 0 -2 8 , $ 1 .1 0 C h a tta n o o g a , T e n n .—G a ., S ep t. 1977 ---------------------------------------- 1 9 5 0 -4 4 , 70 ce n ts C h ic a g o , 111., M a y 1977 1________________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -4 1 , $ 1 .4 0 C in c in n a ti, O h io —K y.—In d ., J u ly 1977 1 —--------------------------------- 1 9 5 0 -4 5 , $ 1 .2 0 C le v e la n d , O h io , S ep t. 1977 1 __________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -5 3 , $ 1 .4 0 C o lu m b u s , O h io , O c t . 1 9 7 7 _____________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -6 4 , $ 1 .0 0 C o r p u s C h r is t i, T e x ., J u ly 1977 1 _____________________________ 1 9 5 0 -3 5 , $ 1 .0 0 D a lla s —F o r t W o r t h , T e x ., O c t . 1 9 7 7 _________________________ _ 1 9 5 0 -6 5 , $ 1 .2 0 D a v e n p o rt—R o c k Is la n d —M o lin e , Iow a—111., F e b . 1 9 7 8 ______ 2 0 2 5 - 6 , 70 ce n ts D a y to n , O h io , D e c . 1 9 7 7 1_______________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -7 1 , $ 1 .1 0 D a y to n a B e a c h , F l a . , A u g . 1977 1______________________________ 1 9 5 0 -4 3 , $ 1 .0 0 D e n v e r—B o u l d e r , C o l o . , D e c . 1977 1__________________________ 1 9 5 0 -7 4 , $ 1 .4 0 D e t r o it , M i c h ., M a r . 1 9 7 8 ______________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -1 1 , $ 1 .2 0 F r e s n o , C a l i f ., June 1977 ______________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -3 0 , 70 ce n ts G a in e s v il le , F l a . , S e p t. 1977 1--------------------------------------------------- 1 9 5 0 -4 6 , $ 1 .0 0 G r e e n B a y , W i s . , J u ly 1 9 7 7 ------------------------------------------------------- 1 9 5 0 -3 6 , 70 c e n ts G r e e n s b o r o —W in s t o n -S a le m —H ig h P o in t, N .C ., A u g . 1977 1 ___________ ___________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -4 2 , $ 1 .1 0 G r e e n v ille —S p a r ta n b u r g , S .C ., June 1977 ------------------------------ 1 9 5 0 -3 3 , 70 ce n ts H a r t f o r d , C o n n ., M a r . 1978 1___________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -1 4 , $ 1 .2 0 H o u s to n , T e x ., A u g . 1977 1 --------------------------------------------------------- 1 9 5 0 -4 8 , $ 1 .4 0 H u n t s v ille , A l a . , F e b . 1 9 7 8 ------------------------------------------------------- 2 0 2 5 - 4 , 70 ce n ts I n d ia n a p o lis , In d ., O c t . 1 9 7 7 ------------------------------------------------------ 1 9 5 0 -5 6 , $ 1 .0 0 J a c k s o n , M i s s . , Jan . 1 9 7 8 ______________________________________ 2 0 2 5 - 1 , 70 ce n ts J a c k s o n v il le , F l a . , D e c . 1 9 7 7 __________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -6 7 , 70 ce n ts K a n s a s C it y , M o .—K a n s ., S e p t. 1 9 7 7 ---------------------------------------- 1 9 5 0 -5 4 , $ 1 .0 0 L o s A n g e le s —L o n g B e a c h , C a l i f ., O c t. 1 9 7 7 -------------------------- 1 9 5 0 -6 1 , $ 1 .2 0 L o u i s v i l l e , K y .- I n d ., N o v . 1977 1______________________________ 1 9 5 0 -6 6 , $ 1 .2 0 M e m p h is , T e n n .—A r k .—M i s s ., N o v . 1 9 7 7 -------------------------------- 1 9 5 0 -6 3 , 70 ce n ts A rea B u lle tin n u m b e r and p r i c e * M ia m i, F l a . , O c t . 1 9 7 7 _________________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -5 7 , M ilw a u k e e , W i s ., A p r . 1978 1__________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -1 8 , M in n e a p o lis —St. P a u l, M in n .—W i s . , Jan. 1978 1_____________ 2 0 2 5 -2 , N a s s a u -S u ffo lk , N .Y ., June 1977 _____________________________ 1 9 5 0 -2 7 , N e w a r k , N .J ., Jan. 1978 1 ______________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -7 , N ew O r le a n s , L a ., Jan. 1 9 7 8 __________________________________ 2 0 2 5 - 5 , N ew Y o r k , N .Y «—N .J ., M a y 1 9 7 7 ______________________________ 1 9 5 0 -3 1 , N o r fo lk —V ir g in ia B e a c h -P o r t s m o u t h , V a .— N .C ., M a y 1978 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 0 2 5 -2 0 , N o r fo lk —V ir g in ia B e a c h -P o r t s m o u t h and N e w p o r t N ew s—H a m p to n , V a .—N .C ., M a y 1 9 7 7 ____________ 1 9 5 0 -2 1 , N o r th e a s t P e n n s y lv a n ia , A u g . 1977 1__________________________ 1 9 5 0 -3 8 , O k la h o m a C ity , O k la ., A u g . 1977 1 ___________________________ 1 9 5 0 -4 9 , O m a h a , N e b r .- I o w a , O c t . 1 9 7 7 1 ______________________________ 1 9 5 0 -5 5 , P a t e r s o n —C lifto n —P a s s a i c , N .J ., June 1977 ________________ 1 9 5 0 -3 4 , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a .—N .J ., N ov . 1 9 7 7 ___________________________ 1 9 5 0 -6 2 , P it ts b u r g h , P a ., Jan. 1 9 7 8 ................................................................... 2 0 2 5 -3 , P o r t la n d , M a in e , D e c . 1 9 7 7 __________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -6 9 , P o r t la n d , O r e g .—W a s h ., M a y 1977 1__________________________ 1 9 5 0 -3 2 , P o u g h k e e p s ie , N .Y ., June 1977 _______________________________ 1 9 5 0 -2 5 , P o u g h k e e p s ie -K in g s t o n —N e w b u r g h , N .Y ., June 1 9 7 6 _______ 1 9 0 0 -5 5 , P r o v id e n c e—W a r w ic k —P a w t u c k e t, R .1.— M a s s ., June 1977 1 ___________________________ _________ _______ 1 9 5 0 -2 2 , R ic h m o n d , V a ., June 1977 1 ___________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -2 3 , St. L o u is , M o . - H L , M a r . 1978 ................. ......................................... 2 0 2 5 -1 3 , S a c r a m e n t o , C a lif ., D e c . 1977 1_______________________________ 1 9 5 0 -7 2 , S a gin a w , M ic h ., N o v . 1 9 7 7 ------------------------------------------- --------- 1 9 5 0 -5 9 , 1 9 5 0 -6 8 , Salt L a k e C ity—O g d e n , U tah, N o v . 1 9 7 7 ______________________ San A n to n io , T e x ., M a y 1978___________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -1 7 , San D ie g o , C a lif ., N o v . 1977 1_________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -7 3 , San F r a n c i s c o —O a k la n d , C a l i f ., M a r . 1978 1________________ 2 0 2 5 -1 0 , San J o s e , C a l i f ., M a r . 1978 1__________________________________ 2 0 2 5 - 9 , S e a ttle —E v e r e t t , W a s h ., D e c . 1977___________________________ 1 9 5 0 -7 5 , South B e n d , In d ., A u g . 1977 1 __________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -5 1 , T o le d o , O h i o - M i c h ., M a y 1 9 7 7 ________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -1 8 , T r e n t o n , N .J ., S ep t. 1 9 7 7 ______________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -4 7 , U tica r-R o m e , N .Y ., Ju ly 1977 1 ________________________________ 1 9 5 0 -3 7 , W a s h in g to n , D .C .—M d .—V a . , M a r . 1978 1_____________________ 2 0 2 5 -1 2 , W ic h it a , K a n s ., A p r . 1978_____________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -1 6 , W o r c e s t e r , M a s s ., A p r . 1978 1________________________________ 2 0 2 5 -1 9 , Y o r k , P a ., F e b . 1 9 7 8 1__________________________________________ 2 0 2 5 - 8 , Prices are determined by the Government Printing Office and are subject to change. Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .2 0 70 cen ts 70 ce n ts $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .1 0 70 ce n ts $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .1 0 70 ce n ts $ 1 .2 0 70 ce n ts 55 ce n ts $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .1 0 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .0 0 70 ce n ts 80 ce n ts 70 ce n ts $1.10 $ 1 .4 0 $ 1 .2 0 80 ce n ts $ 1 .1 0 80 ce n ts 70 ce n ts $1.10 $ 1 .4 0 80 ce n ts $ 1 .1 0 $1.10 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor Third Class Mail Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Lab-441 Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region I 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 223-6761 (AreaCode617) Region II Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York, N Y. 10036 Phone: 399-5406 (AreaCode212) Region lit 3535 Market Street, P.O. 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