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Bulletin No. 1465-80 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS A rth u r M. Ross, Commissioner Area Wage Survey The Lawrence—Haverhill, MassachusettsNew Hampshire, Metropolitan Area June 1966 Bulletin No. 1465-80 J u ly 1966 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS A rth u r M. Ross, C om m is sio ner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U S Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 25 cent* ^ rE S o5 : ; 'J ' c.) .>■;* rj* . • . ■ Preface Contents Page T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s p r o g r a m o f annual o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e s u r v e y s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s i s d e s i g n e d to p r o v i d e da t a o n o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s , and e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s . It y i e l d s d e t a i l e d da t a b y s e l e c t e d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s f o r e a c h o f th e a r e a s s t u d i e d , f o r e c o n o m i c r e g i o n s , and f o r th e U n ite d S t a t e s . A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in th e p r o g r a m is the n e e d f o r g r e a t e r i n s i g h t in t o (1) th e m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s b y o c c u p a t i o n a l c a t e g o r y and s k i l l l e v e l , and (2) th e s t r u c t u r e and l e v e l o f w a g e s a m o n g a r e a s and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s . Introduction_______________________________________________________ _____________ Wage trends for selected occupational groups____________________________ Tables: 1. 2. A. A t th e en d o f e a c h s u r v e y , an i n d i v i d u a l a r e a b u l letin p r e s e n t s s u r v e y r e s u lt s f o r e a ch a r e a stu died . A fter c o m p l e t i o n o f a l l o f th e i n d i v i d u a l a r e a b u l l e t i n s f o r a round of s u r v e y s , a t w o - p a r t s u m m a r y b u lletin is is s u e d . T h e f i r s t p a r t b r i n g s d a t a f o r e a c h o f th e m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s s t u d ie d in to o n e b u l l e t i n . The s e co n d part pre se n ts in fo r m a tio n w hich has b e e n p r o je c t e d f r o m in divid ual m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a da t a t o r e l a t e t o e c o n o m i c r e g i o n s and the U n ite d S t a t e s . B. E i g h t y - f i v e a r e a s c u r r e n t l y a r e i n c l u d e d in th e p r o g r a m . I n f o r m a t i o n on o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s i s c o l l e c t e d a n n u a lly in e a c h a r e a . I n f o r m a t i o n o n e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s i s o b t a i n e d b i e n n i a l l y in m o s t o f th e a r e a s . T h i s b u l l e t i n p r e s e n t s r e s u l t s o f th e s u r v e y in L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l , M a s s . —N . H . , in June 1966. T h e S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a , as d e f i n e d b y th e B u r e a u o f th e B u d g e t t h r o u g h M a r c h 1965, c o n s i s t s o f th e c i t i e s o f L a w r e n c e and H a v e r h i l l ; th e t o w n s o f A n d o v e r , G e o r g e t o w n , G r o v e l a n d , M e r r i m a c , M e t h u e n , N o r t h A n d o v e r , and W e s t N e w b u r y in E s s e x C o u n t y , M a s s . ; and th e t o w n s o f N e w t o n , P l a i s t o w , and S a l e m in R o c k i n g h a m C o u n t y , N .H . T h i s s t u d y w a s c o n d u c t e d b y th e B u r e a u ' s r e g i o n a l o f f i c e in B o s t o n , M a s s . , W e n d e l l D . M a c D o n a l d , D i r e c t o r ; b y L e o E p s t e i n , u n d e r th e d i r e c t i o n o f P a u l V . M u l k e r n , A ssistant R egion al D ir e c t o r fo r W ages and I n d u s t r i a l R elations. 1 4 Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied______________________________________________________ Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, and percents of increase for selected periods______________________________________ Occupational earnings: * A -1 . Office occupations— men and women_________________________ A -2 . Professional and technical occupations— om en___________ w A -3 . Office, professional, and technical occupations— men and women com bined__________________________________ A -4 . Maintenance and powerplant occupations___________________ A -5 . Custodial and m aterial movement occupations____________ Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions:* B - l . Minimum entrance salaries for women office w o rk ers_ _ B -2 . Shift differen tials_____________________________________________ B -3 . Scheduled weekly h o u rs______________________________________ B -4 . Paid holidays__________________________________________________ B -5 . Paid vacations_________________________________________________ B -6 . Health, insurance, and pension plans______________________ B -7 . Health insurance benefits provided employees and their dependents_____________________________________________ B -8 . P rofit-sharing plan s__________________________________________ Appendixes: A . Changes in occupational description s______________________________ B. Occupational description s___________________________________________ areas. * N O T E : S im ila r tabulations a re (See in sid e b a ck c o v e r .) a vailable fo r other A c u r r e n t r e p o r t o n o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r a c t i c e s in th e L a w r e n c e — a v e r h i l l a r e a H i s a l s o a v a i l a b l e f o r f o o t w e a r ( A p r i l 19 6 5). iii 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 21 - -1 K -- ■: • ■ . ■ ' •.... - - ■' ■. ■ ■ I! ■ . ■ a ■ . Hi ■ ■-; ■ ’ ■': - ■ Area Wage Survey---The Lawrence—Haverhill, Mass.—N.H., Metropolitan Area Introduction T h i s a r e a is 1 o f 85 in w h i c h the U. S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r ' s B u reau o f L a b o r Statistics con du cts s u r v e y s o f o ccu p a tion a l earnings and r e l a t e d w a g e b e n e f i t s o n an a r e a w i d e b a s i s . In th is a r e a , da ta w e r e o b t a i n e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s to r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h in s i x b r o a d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s : M a n u f a c t u r i n g ; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , and o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and services. M a jo r in du stry g rou p s e x c lu d e d f r o m th ese stu dies are g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t i o n s and the c o n s t r u c t i o n and e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m i t t e d b e c a u s e th ey tend to f u r n i s h i n s u f f i c i e n t e m p l o y m e n t in the o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d to w a r r a n t i n c l u s i o n . S e p a r a te tabu lation s a re p r o v i d e d f o r e a c h o f the b r o a d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s w h i c h m e e t p u b lication crite r ia . r e p o r t e d , as f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s , r e f e r e n c e is to the w o r k s c h e d u l e s ( r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a l f h o u r ) f o r w h i c h s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a r e p a id ; a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r th ese o c c u p a t io n s have b e e n r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a l f d o l l a r . The a v e ra g e s p r e se n te d r e fle c t co m p o s ite , areaw ide e s t i m ates. I n d u s t r i e s and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s d i f f e r in pa y l e v e l and j o b s t a f f i n g and, th us, c o n t r i b u t e d i f f e r e n t l y to the e s t i m a t e s f o r e a c h j o b . T h e p a y r e l a t i o n s h i p o b t a i n a b l e f r o m the a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l to r e f l e c t a c c u r a t e l y the w a g e s p r e a d o r d i f f e r e n t i a l m a i n t a i n e d a m o n g j o b s in i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . S i m i l a r l y , d i f f e r e n c e s in a v e r a g e pa y l e v e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n in any o f the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s h o u ld n o t b e a s s u m e d to r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y t r e a t m e n t o f the s e x e s w ith in in divid ual e s t a b lis h m e n t s . O th er p o s s i b l e f a c t o r s w h ich m a y c o n t r i b u te to d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y f o r m e n and w o m e n i n c l u d e : D i f f e r e n c e s in p r o g r e s s i o n w it h in e s t a b l i s h e d r a t e r a n g e s , s i n c e o n l y the a c t u a l r a t e s p a i d i n c u m b e n t s a r e c o l l e c t e d ; and d i f f e r e n c e s in s p e c i f i c d u t ie s p e r f o r m e d , a lt h o u g h th e w o r k e r s a r e a p p r o p r i a t e l y c l a s s i f i e d w it h in the sam e survey job d escription . J o b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e m p l o y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a l l y m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d than t h o s e u s e d in i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and a l l o w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the s p e c i f i c d u t i e s p e r f o r m e d . Th ese su rv e ys a re con du cted on a s a m p le b a sis b e ca u s e of the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t i n v o l v e d in s u r v e y i n g a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . To o b ta in o p t i m u m a c c u r a c y at m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f l a r g e than o f s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s is s t u d i e d . In c o m b i n i n g the data, h o w e v e r , a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e g i v e n t h e i r a p p r o p r i a t e w e i g h t . E s t i m a t e s b a s e d o n the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , as r e l a t i n g to a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the i n d u s t r y g r o u p i n g and a r e a , e x c e p t f o r t h o s e b e l o w the m i n i m u m s i z e s t u d i e d . O ccupations O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t the to t a l in a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h in th e s c o p e o f the s tu d y and n o t the n u m b e r a ctu ally su r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , th e e s t i m a t e s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t o b t a in e d f r o m the s a m p l e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d s e r v e o n l y to i n d i c a t e th e r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e o f the j o b s s t u d i e d . T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e d o n ot m a t e r i a l l y a f f e c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a rn in g s data. and E a r n i n g s The o c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r s tu d y a r e c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g and n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , and a r e o f the follow ing ty p e s: ( l ) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (Z) p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l ; (3) m a i n t e n a n c e and p o w e r p l a n t ; and (4) c u s t o d i a l and m a t e r i a l m o v e m en t. O c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d o n a u n i f o r m s e t o f j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s i g n e d to ta ke a c c o u n t o f i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t v a r i a t i o n in d u t ie s w ith in the s a m e j o b . T h e o c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r stu dy a r e l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d in a p p e n d i x B . E a r n i n g s da ta f o r s o m e o f the o c c u p a t i o n s l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d a r e n o t p r e s e n t e d in the A - s e r i e s t a b l e s b e c a u s e e i t h e r ( l ) e m p l o y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t i o n is t o o s m a l l to p r o v i d e e n o u g h d a t a to m e r i t p r e s e n t a t i o n , o r (2) t h e r e is p o s s i b ility of d i s c l o s u r e o f in d ivid u a l e s ta b lis h m e n t data. E s t a b l i s h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p l e m e n t a r y W a g e P r o v i s i o n s I n f o r m a t i o n is p r e s e n t e d (in th e B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) o n s e l e c t e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s as th ey r-elate to p la n t and o f f i c e w o r k e r s . A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , and p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p l o y e e s , and f o r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s w h o a r e u tiliz e d as a se p a r a te w o r k f o r c e a r e e x c lu d e d . "P lan t w o r k e r s " i n c l u d e w o r k i n g f o r e m e n a nd a l l n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s ( i n c l u d i n g l e a d m e n and t r a i n e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o f f i c e f u n c t i o n s . " O f f i c e w o r k e r s " i n c l u d e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s and n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g c l e r i c a l o r r e l a t e d f u n c t i o n s . C a f e t e r i a w o r k e r s and r o u t e m e n a r e e x c l u d e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , but i n c l u d e d in n o n m a n u factu rin g in d u strie s. O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t and e a r n i n g s d a t a a r e s h o w n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , t h o s e h i r e d to w o r k a r e g u l a r w e e k l y s c h e d u l e in the g i v e n o c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . E a r n i n g s da ta e x c l u d e p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h i f t s . N o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s a r e e x c l u d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g b o n u s e s and i n c e n t i v e e a r n i n g s a r e i n c l u d e d . W h ere w eekly h ou rs are 1 2 M i n i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s ( t a b l e B - l ) r e l a t e o n l y to th e e s tablish m en ts v is ite d . T h e y a r e p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith f o r m a l m i n i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r y p o l i c i e s . S h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l d a t a ( t a b l e B - 2 ) a r e l i m i t e d to p la n t w o r k e r s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s . T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n is p r e s e n t e d b o t h in t e r m s o f (1) e s t a b l i s h m e n t p o l i c y , 1 p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f t o t a l p la n t w o r k e r e m p l o y m e n t , and (2) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e , p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f w o r k e r s a c t u a l l y e m p l o y e d o n the s p e c i f i e d s h i f t at the t i m e o f the survey. In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v i n g v a r i e d d i f f e r e n t i a l s , the a m o u n t a p p l y i n g to a m a j o r i t y w a s u s e d o r , if no a m o u n t a p p l i e d to a m a j o r i t y , the c l a s s i f i c a t i o n " o t h e r " w a s u s e d . In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in w h i c h s o m e l a t e - s h i f t h o u r s a r e p a i d at n o r m a l r a t e s , a d i f f e r e n t i a l w a s r e c o r d e d o n l y if it a p p l i e d to a m a j o r i t y o f the s h i f t h o u r s . T h e s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s ( t a b l e B - 3 ) o f a m a j o r i t y o f the f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t a r e t a b u la t e d as a p p l y i n g to a ll o f the p la n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s o f th at e s t a b l i s h m e n t . Paid h o lid a y s ; p a i d v a c a t i o n s ; h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p l a n s ; and p r o f i t - s h a r i n g p l a n s ( t a b l e s B - 4 t h r o u g h B - 8 ) a r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l l y o n the b a s i s that t h e s e a r e a p p l i c a b l e to a l l p la n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s i f a m a j o r i t y o f s u c h w o r k e r s a r e e l i g i b l e o r m a y e v e n t u a l l y q u a l i f y f o r the p r a c t i c e s l i s t e d . S u m s o f i n d i v i d u a l i t e m s in t a b l e s B - 2 t h r o u g h B - 8 m a y not e q u a l t o t a l s b e c a u s e o f r o u n d i n g . D a t a o n p a i d h o l i d a y s ( t a b l e B - 4 ) a r e l i m i t e d to d a t a on h o l i d a y s g r a n t e d a n n u a lly o n a f o r m a l b a s i s ; i . e . , ( l ) a r e p r o v i d e d f o r in w r i t t e n f o r m , o r (2) h a v e b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d b y c u s t o m . H olidays o r d i n a r i l y g r a n t e d a r e i n c l u d e d e v e n th o u gh t h e y m a y f a l l o n a n o n w o r k d a y , e v e n if the w o r k e r i s n o t g r a n t e d a n o t h e r d a y o f f . T h e f i r s t p a r t o f th e p a i d h o l i d a y s t a b l e p r e s e n t s the n u m b e r o f w h o l e and h a l f h o l i d a y s a c t u a l l y g r a n t e d . T h e s e c o n d p a r t c o m b i n e s w h o l e and h a l f h o l i d a y s to s h o w to t a l h o l i d a y t i m e . T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a t i o n p l a n s ( t a b l e B - 5 ) is l i m i t e d to fo r m a l p o lic ie s , exclu din g in fo rm a l a rra n ge m e n ts w h ereby tim e off w ith p a y is g r a n t e d at th e d i s c r e t i o n o f th e e m p l o y e r . E stim ates e x c l u d e v a c a t i o n - s a v i n g s p l a n s and t h o s e w h i c h o f f e r " e x t e n d e d " o r " s a b b a t i c a l " b e n e f i t s b e y o n d b a s i c p l a n s t o w o r k e r s w ith q u a l i f y i n g le n g t h s o f s e r v i c e . T y p i c a l o f s u c h e x c l u s i o n s a r e p l a n s in the s t e e l , a l u m i n u m , and c a n i n d u s t r i e s . S e p a r a t e e s t i m a t e s a r e p r o v i d e d a c c o r d i n g to e m p l o y e r p r a c t i c e in c o m p u t i n g v a c a t i o n p a y m e n t s , s u c h as t im e p a y m e n t s , p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s , o r fla t-su m a m o u n ts . H o w e v e r , in the t a b u l a t i o n s o f v a c a t i o n pa y, p a y m e n t s n o t o n a t i m e b a s i s w e r e c o n v e r t e d to a t i m e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p l e , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f ann ua l e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d as the e q u i v a l e n t o f 1 w e e k ' s p a y . D a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p la n s ( t a b l e s B - 6 and B - 7 ) f o r w h i c h at l e a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y th e e m p l o y e r , e x c e p t i n g o n l y l e g a l r e q u i r e m e n t s s u c h as * A n esta b lish m e n t was considered as hav in g conditions: (1) O p erated la te shifts a t the tim e of the la te shifts. A n e sta b lish m e n t w as considered as hav in g shifts during th e 12 m onths p rio r to th e survey, o r (2) la te shifts. a p o lic y if it m e t e ith e r of the fo llow ing survey, or (2) h ad fo rm a l provisions co v erin g fo rm a l provisions if it (1) h a d o p e ra te d la te h a d provisions in w ritte n form for o p eratin g w o r k m e n ' s c o m p e n s a t i o n , s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , and r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t . Such plan s in clu d e th o s e u n d e r w r itte n by a c o m m e r c i a l in su ra n c e c o m p a n y and t h o s e p r o v i d e d t h r o u g h a u n i o n f u n d o r p a i d d i r e c t l y b y the e m p l o y e r o u t o f c u r r e n t o p e r a t i n g fu n d s o r f r o m a fun d s e t a s i d e f o r th is p u r p o s e . D ea th b e n e fit s a r e in c lu d e d as a f o r m o f life i n surance. S e l e c t e d h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e b e n e f i t s p r o v i d e d e m p l o y e e s and dependents a re a lso p resen ted . S i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e is l i m i t e d to th at ty p e o f in su ra n ce under w hich p r e d e te r m in e d ca s h paym ents a re m ade d ir e c tly to the i n s u r e d o n a w e e k l y o r m o n t h l y b a s i s d u r i n g i l l n e s s o r a c c i d e n t disability. I n f o r m a t i o n i s p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l s u c h p l a n s to w h i c h th e e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t e s . H o w e v e r , in N e w Y o r k a n d N e w J e r s e y , w h i c h have en acted t e m p o r a r y d is a b ility in su ra n c e law s w hich re q u ire e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s , * p l a n s a r e i n c l u d e d o n l y if the e m p l o y e r ( l ) c o n 2 t r i b u t e s m o r e than is l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d , o r (2) p r o v i d e s the e m p l o y e e w it h b e n e f i t s w h i c h e x c e e d the r e q u i r e m e n t s o f the l a w . T a b u l a t i o n s o f p a i d s i c k l e a v e p l a n s a r e l i m i t e d to f o r m a l p l a n s 3 w h i c h p r o v i d e f u l l p a y o r a p r o p o r t i o n o f th e w o r k e r ' s p a y d u r i n g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k beca u se of illn ess. S e p a r a t e t a b u l a t i o n s a r e p r e s e n t e d a c c o r d i n g to ( l ) p l a n s w h i c h p r o v i d e f u l l p a y and n o w a i t i n g p e r i o d , and (2) p la n s w h ich p r o v id e eith e r p a r t ia l pay o r a w aitin g p e r i o d . In a d d i t i o n to th e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f th e p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s w h o a r e p r o v i d e d s i c k n e s s a nd a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e o r p a i d s i c k l e a v e , an u n d u p l i c a t e d t o t a l is s h o w n o f w o r k e r s w h o r e c e i v e e i t h e r o r b o t h t y p e s o f b e n e f i t s . C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e , s o m e t i m e s r e f e r r e d to as e x t e n d e d m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e , i n c l u d e s t h o s e p l a n s w h i c h a r e d e s i g n e d to p r o t e c t e m p l o y e e s in c a s e o f s i c k n e s s and i n j u r y i n v o l v i n g e x p e n s e s b e y o n d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , m e d i c a l , and s u r g i c a l p l a n s . M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p l a n s p r o v i d i n g f o r c o m p l e t e o r p a r t i a l paym ent of d o c to rs ' fe e s. Such plan s m a y be u n d e r w r itte n by c o m m e r c i a l i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n i e s o r n o n p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n s o r th e y m a y be s e lf-in s u r e d . T a b u l a t i o n s o f r e t i r e m e n t pens i o n p l a n s a r e l i m i t e d to t h o s e p l a n s th at p r o v i d e m o n t h l y p a y m e n t s f o r the r e m a i n d e r o f th e w o r k e r ' s l i f e . P r o f i t - s h a r i n g p l a n s ( t a b l e B - 8 ) a r e l i m i t e d to f o r m a l p la n s w it h d e f i n i t e f o r m u l a s f o r c o m p u t i n g p r o f i t s h a r e s to b e d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g e m p l o y e e s and w h o s e f o r m u l a s w e r e c o m m u n i c a t e d to e m p l o y e e s in a d v a n c e o f the d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f p r o f i t s . D a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d a c c o r d i n g t o p r o v i s i o n s f o r d i s t r i b u t i n g p r o f i t s h a r e s to e m p l o y e e s : ( l ) C u r r e n t o r c a s h d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p r o f i t s h a r e s w it h in a s h o r t p e r i o d a f t e r d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f p r o f i t s ; (2) d e f e r r e d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p r o f i t s h a r e s a f t e r a s p e c i f i e d n u m b e r o f y e a r s o r at r e t i r e m e n t ; (3) c o m b i n a t i o n c u r r e n t and d e f e r r e d p l a n s ; and (4) e l e c t i v e d i s t r i b u t i o n p l a n s , u n d e r w h i c h e a c h p a r t i c i p a n t is r e q u i r e d 'to s e l e c t w h e t h e r t o ta k e h is s h a r e o f the c u r r e n t y e a r ' s p r o f i t in c a s h , h a v e it d e f e r r e d , o r p a r t in c a s h and p a r t d e f e r r e d . 2 T h e te m p o rary d isab ility law s in C a lifo rn ia an d R hode Islan d do n o t require e m p lo y e r co n trib u tio n s. 3 A n esta b lish m e n t w as co n sid ered as h av in g a fo rm a l p la n if it estab lish ed a t le a s t the m in im u m n u m b er o f days of sick le a v e a v a ila b le to e a c h e m p lo y e e . Such a p la n n ee d n o t be w ritte n , b u t in fo rm al sick le a v e allo w an ces, d e te rm in e d on an in d iv id u al b asis, w ere ex clu d ed . 3 T a b le 1. E sta b lish m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f su r v e y and num ber studied in L a w re n ce — a v e rh ill, M a s s .— .H ., H N W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m en ts N um ber o f esta b lish m e n ts Industry d iv isio n M in im um e m p loym en t in e s t a b lis h m ents in s c o p e o f study W ithin s c o p e o f study W ithin s c o p e o f s tu d y 3 Studied T o t a l4 Studied Plant N um ber A ll d iv is io n s O ffic e Percent T o t a l4 185 75 4 3 ,6 0 0 100 33, 500 4, 800 30,1 3 0 50 - 116 69 43 32 3 7 ,2 0 0 6, 400 85 15 2 9 ,4 0 0 4, 100 3, 700 1, 100 2 6 ,720 3,4 1 0 50 50 50 50 50 7 6 33 9 9 3 14 5 4 800 900 2 ,9 0 0 900 900 7 __________ _________________________ M anufacturin g_____________________________________ N onm anufacturing__ __ __________________________ T r a n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ic a tio n , and oth er p u b lic u tilitie s 5_______________________ W h o le s a le t r a d e _______________________________ R e ta il tr a d e _____________ ___________ _______ F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ________ S e r v i c e s 8------------------------------------------------------------ by m a jo r in d u stry d iv is io n , 2 June 1966 1 1 2 2 2 2 ) > ) ) 6) ‘) ) ) V ‘ ) 730 220 1,430 560 470 1 The L a w r e n c e — a v e rh ill Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a , as d efin ed by the B u reau o f the Budget through M arch 1965, c o n s is t s o f the c it ie s o f L a w ren ce and H a v erh ill; the towns o f H A n d ov er, G e o rg e to w n , G ro v e la n d , M e r r im a c , M ethuen, N orth A n d o v e r , and W est N ew bury in E s s e x County, M a s s .; and the towns o f N ew ton, P la is to w , and S alem in R ockingh am County, N.H. The "w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f study" e s tim a te s show n in this table p ro v id e a re a s o n a b ly a c c u r a te d e s c r ip tio n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s itio n o f the la b o r f o r c e in clu d ed in the su rv ey . The estim a tes a r e not intended, h o w e v e r , to s e r v e as a b a s is o f c o m p a r is o n w ith other e m p loym en t in d exes f o r the a re a to m e a s u r e em p lo ym e n t tre n d s o r le v e ls s in c e (1) planning o f w age s u rv ey s re q u ir e s the u se o f esta b lish m en t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in advance o f the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu died, and (2) s m a ll e sta b lish m e n ts a r e exclu d ed fr o m the s c o p e o f the su rv ey . 2 The 1957 r e v is e d edition o f the Standard In d u strial C la s s ific a t io n Manual and the 1963 Supplem ent w e r e u sed in c la s s ify in g e sta b lish m en ts by in d u stry d iv isio n . 3 Inclu des a ll esta b lish m e n ts w ith total em p lo ym e n t at o r above the m in im um lim ita tio n . A ll ou tlets (w ithin the area) o f c o m p a n ie s in such in d u s tr ie s as tr a d e , fin a n ce, auto r e p a ir s e r v ic e , and m otion p ic tu re th ea ters a r e c o n s id e r e d as 1 e sta b lish m e n t. 4 Inclu des e x e c u tiv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and o th e r w o r k e r s ex clu d e d fr o m the s e p a ra te plant and o f fi c e c a t e g o r ie s . 5 T a x ic a b s and s e r v ic e s in cid e n ta l to w ater tr a n s p o r ta tio n w e r e exclu ded. 6 T h is in d u stry d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n t e d in e s tim a te s fo r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g " in the S e r ie s A t a b le s , and fo r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " in the S e r ie s B ta b le s . S eparate presentationo f data f o r this d iv is io n is not m ade fo r one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g r e a s o n s : (1) E m ploym en t in the d iv is io n is to o sm a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it s ep a ra te study, (2) the sam ple w as not d e sig n ed in itia lly to p e r m it s e p a ra te p r e s e n ta tio n , (3) r e s p o n s e was in s u ffic ie n t o r inadequ ate to p e r m it se p a ra te p re s e n ta tio n , and (4) th ere is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e o f individual esta b lish m en t data. 7 W o r k e r s fr o m this e n tire in d u stry d iv is io n a r e r e p r e s e n te d in e stim a te s f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g" in the S e r ie s A ta b le s , but fr o m the r e a l estate p ortion only in estim a te s fo r " a l l in d u s tr ie s " in the S e r ie s B ta b le s . S ep a ra te p re se n ta tio n o f data fo r this d iv is io n is not m ad e f o r one o r m o r e o f the r e a s o n s given in footn ote 6 above. 8 H otels; p e r s o n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a ir sh op s; m o tio n p ic tu r e s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e r s h ip o rg a n iz a tio n s (e x clu d in g r e lig io u s and ch a r ita b le o r g a n iz a tio n s ); and engineering and a r c h ite c tu r a l s e r v ic e s . The L a w re n ce — a ve rh ill Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tistica l A r e a w as d efin ed in 1961 as the c it ie s o f L a w re n ce and H av erh ill, fou r H tow ns in E s s e x County, and tw o towns in R ock in gh am County. The a r e a , as de fin e d through M a rch 1965, in clu d es the add ition o f G e o rg e to w n , M e r r im a c , and W est N ew bury towns in E s s e x County; and N ewton tow n in R ockin gh am County. T he s u rv ey c on d u cted in June 1966, is the f ir s t to in clu d e the added tow n s. G e o rg e to w n , M e r r im a c , W e stN e w b u ry , and N ewton tow n s p r o v id e d l e s s than 1 p e r c e n t o f the to ta l n u m b er o f w o r k e r s in s c o p e o f this survey. M ost o f the added w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d in m an u factu rin g e s ta b lis h m e n ts . B e c a u s e o f the n e g lig ib le e ffe c t o f the change in s c o p e , th is b u lle tin is lim ite d to data f o r the a r e a as de fin e d through M a rch 1965 and no attem pt w a s m ade to adjust w age tren d s f o r th is fa c t o r . About 85 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s w ithin s c o p e o f the su r v e y in the L a w re n ce — a v e rh ill a r e a w e re e m p lo y e d in m an u factu rin g fir m s . H The fo llo w in g table p r e s e n ts the m a jo r in d u stry gro u p s and s p e c ific in d u s tr ie s as a p e r c e n t o f a ll m anufacturin g: Industry group S p e c ific in d u s tr ie s E le c t r ic a l m a c h in e r y ---------------------------------------- 31 L e a th e r and le a th e r p r o d u c ts __________________ 22 O rd n an ce and a c c e s s o r i e s _____________________ 8 T e x tile m ill p r o d u c t s __________________________ 8 R u bber and m is c e lla n e o u s p la s t ic s p r o d u c ts --------------------------------------------7 C o m m u n ica tio n equ ipm en t____________________ 27 F o o tw e a r (e x c e p t r u b b e r )_____________________ 18 P a p e r and a llie d p r o d u c t s _____________________ 5 T h is in fo r m a tio n is b a s e d on e s tim a te s o f total em p lo y m e n t d e r iv e d fr o m u n iv e r s e m a t e r ia ls c o m p ile d p r io r to actual s u rv ey . P r o p o r tio n s in v a r io u s in d u stry d iv is io n s m ay d iffe r fr o m p ro p o r tio n s b a s e d on the r e s u lts o f the s u r v e y as show n in table 1 a bove. 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P r e s e n t e d in t a b l e 2 a r e i n d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e in a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , and in a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s o f s e l e c t e d p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s . F o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , the p e r c e n ta g e s of ch ange r e la t e to a v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s f o r n o r m a l h o u rs o f w o r k , that i s , the s t a n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u l e f o r w h i c h s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s a r e p a id . F o r p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s , t h e y m e a s u r e c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e - h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , e x c l u d i n g p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h i f t s . The p e r c e n t a g e s a r e b a s e d o n da ta f o r s e l e c t e d k e y o c c u p a t i o n s and i n c l u d e m o s t o f the n u m e r i c a l l y i m p o r t a n t j o b s w it h in e a c h g r o u p . O ffice c le ric a l (m e n and w om en): B o o k k ee p in g -m ac h in e o p erato rs, class B C lerks, ac co u n tin g , classes A and B C lerks, file , classes A , B, and C C leiks, order Clerks, payroll C om p to m eter operators K eypunch o perators, classes A and B O ffice boys and girls S tenographers, g en e ra l S tenographers, senior S w itchboard o perators, classes A and B T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p erato rs, class B T ypists, classes A and B Industrial nurses (m e n and w om en): N urses, industrial (reg istered ) S k illed m a in te n a n c e (m en): Carpe nters E lectrician s M achinists M echanics M echanics (au to m o tiv e) P ainters P ip efitters T o o l and die m akers U n sk illed p la n t (m en): Jan ito rs, p orters, and clean ers Laborers, m a te ria l h an d lin g NOTE: S e c re ta rie s, in c lu d ed in the lis t of jobs in a ll previous y ears, are ex c lu d ed because of a change in the d escrip tio n this y ea r. A v e r a g e w e e k ly s a la r ie s o r a v e ra g e h o u rly earn ings w e r e c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h o f the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s . The a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o r h o u r l y e a r n i n g s w e r e th en m u l t i p l i e d b y e m p l o y m e n t in e a c h o f T a b le 2. the j o b s d u r i n g the p e r i o d s u r v e y e d in 1961. T h e s e w eigh ted earn ings f o r i n d i v i d u a l o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e th e n t o t a l e d to o b t a in an a g g r e g a t e f o r e a c h o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p . F i n a l l y , the r a t i o ( e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t a g e ) o f the g r o u p a g g r e g a t e f o r th e o n e y e a r to the a g g r e g a t e f o r the o t h e r y e a r w a s c o m p u t e d and the d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n the r e s u l t and 100 is the p e r c e n t a g e <of c h a n g e f r o m the on e p e r i o d to the o t h e r . The i n d e x e s w e r e c o m p u t e d b y m u l t i p l y i n g the r a t i o s f o r e a c h g r o u p a g g r e g a t e f o r e a c h p e r i o d a f t e r the b a s e y e a r ( 1 9 6 1 ) . T h e i n d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e m e a s u r e , p r i n c i p a l l y , the e f f e c t s o f (1) g e n e r a l s a l a r y and w a g e c h a n g e s ; ( 2 ) m e r i t o r o t h e r i n c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e i v e d b y i n d i v i d u a l w o r k e r s w h i l e in th e s a m e j o b ; and (3) c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e w a g e s due to c h a n g e s in th e l a b o r f o r c e r e s u lt in g f r o m l a b o r t u r n o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n s i o n s , f o r c e r e d u c t i o n s , and c h a n g e s in th e p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d b y e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith different pay le v e ls. C h a n g e s in the l a b o r f o r c e c a n c a u s e i n c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s w it h o u t a c t u a l w a g e c h a n g e s . F o r e x a m p l e , a f o r c e e x p a n s i o n m i g h t i n c r e a s e th e p r o p o r t i o n o f l o w e r p a i d w o r k e r s in a s p e c i f i c o c c u p a t i o n and l o w e r the a v e r a g e , w h e r e a s a r e d u c t i o n in the p r o p o r t i o n o f l o w e r p a i d w o r k e r s w o u l d h a v e the o p p o s i t e e f f e c t . S i m i l a r l y , the m o v e m e n t o f a h i g h - p a y i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t out o f an a r e a c o u l d c a u s e th e a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s to d r o p , e v e n th o u gh n o c h a n g e in r a t e s o c c u r r e d in o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the a r e a . D a ta a r e a d j u s t e d w h e r e n e c e s s a r y t o r e m o v e f r o m th e i n d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e a n y s i g n i f i c a n t e f f e c t c a u s e d b y c h a n g e s in s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . T h e u s e o f c o n s t a n t e m p l o y m e n t w eigh ts; e l i m i n a t e s th e e f f e c t o f c h a n g e s in the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in e a c h j o b i n c l u d e d in the -data. T h e p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e r e f l e c t o n l y c h a n g e s in average pay fo r stra ig h t-tim e hours. T h e y a:re n o t i n f l u e n c e d b y c h a n g e s in s t a n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u l e s , as s u c h , o r b y p r e m i u m p a y for overtim e. Indexes o f standard w eek ly sala ries and s tra ig h t-tim e ho u rly earnings for s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n a l groups in L aw ren ce—H a v e rh ill, Mass. —N .H . , June 1966 and June 1965, and p erce n ts of in c rease for s e le c te d periods Indexes fJune 1961=100)___ P ercen ts of increase June 1966 June 1965 June 1965 to June 1966 ( !) 1 2 8 .6 1 1 8 .7 1 1 8 .9 114. 1 1 2 1 .4 115. 4 114. 3 (*) 5 .9 2 .9 4 .0 Industry and o cc u p atio n a l group A ll industries: O ffice c le ric a l (m e n and w o m e n ) -------Industrial nurses ( m e n and w o m e n ) -----S k illed m a in te n a n c e (m e n )------------------U nskilled p la n t ( m e n ) -------------------------M anufacturing: O ffice c le ric a l (m e n and w o m e n ) -------Industrial nurses (m e n and w o m e n ) -----S k illed m a in te n a n c e (m e n )------------------U nskilled p la n t ( m e n ) -------------------------- 1 D a ta do n o t m e e t p u b lic a tio n c rite ria . ( !) 1 2 8 .6 ( M 118. 1 ( M 1 2 1 .4 115. 4 114. 6 June 1964 to June 1965 2 .6 4. 1 2. 1 2. 7 ( M ( M 5 .9 3. 6 2 .0 2. 4 ( M 3. 1 June 1963 to June 1964 June 1962 to June 1963 June 1961 to June 1962 June 1960 to June 1961 3 .6 5 .4 3 .3 2 .9 3 .4 6. 3 2. 6 3. 5 3 .9 4 .2 6 .7 4 .6 4 .6 2 .4 3 .7 4 .3 3 .7 5 .9 3 .3 2 .9 4. 6. 2. 3. 3 .6 4. 2 6. 7 5. 5 4 .4 2 .4 3 .8 6 .3 2 3 7 1 5 A. Occupational Earnings Table A-l. Office Occupations— Men and Women (A verage straigh t-tim e w eekly hours and earnings fo r selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Law rence— averhill, M a s s .— .H. , June 1966) H N Weekly earnings* (standard) Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Number of w orkers receivin g straigh t-tim e vweekly earnings of— Average weekly i t 50 Mean2 ( standard) Median 2 Middle range 2 55 s $ $ 60 65 70 $ 75 s % 80 85 90 $ 95 $ $ 100 105 lie 115 $ 12 C $ 125 $ 13C and under 55 125 and 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 110 115 120 125 13C 135 over 6 1C5 * 2 2 - HEN $ 15 TABULA TI NG -M AC HI NE OPERATORS, CLASS A ------------------------------ ** * $ $ 106.50 * $ 1 LA 40.0 113.50 118.00 89.50-128.00 17 39.5 65.50- 86.00 38 34 38.0 59 43 16 39.0 39.5 38.0 3 ' ~ “ - “ ~ 10 9 1 WOMEN BILLERS, MACHINE 1BILLING 74.00 76.50 3 * BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A -------MANUFACTURING --------------------NO NM AN UF AC TU RI NG ----------------- 90.50 92.00 86.00 95.00 96.50 83.00 82.50-101.50 85.00-101.50 76.00-101.00 73.50 72.00 38.0 a lt * nn - 1 68.00 ~ 0 _ - * - _ - 66.00- 86.00 60 20 67.50 66.50 - 4 4 14 8 8 4 4 13 7 4 4 4 4 1 6 - - 0 1 CLERKS, ORDER ------------------------ 17 38.5 78.50 73.50 71 .00- 79.00 - - 3 ~ 9 2 140 138 40.0 40.0 82.50 82.50 85.50 85.50 75.50- 90.00 75.50- 90.00 _ _ 9 9 13 13 11 11 23 23 /n t ----------------------------------------- n * / cn * ^ 74.50 _ _ _ - - - - - - - - 1 - 7 8 8 - 2 1 1 SECRETARIES, CLASS C4 ------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 96 90 40.0 105.50 106.00 100.00-109.50 40.0 105.50 106.00 100.00-109.00 - 2 - * 3 3 SECRETARIES, CLASS D4 ------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 46 36 39.5 39. 5 88.50 85.00 87.50 84.00 81 .5 0- 93.50 80.50- 92.00 7 7 13 13 ---------------------------------- 65 43 22 39.5 39.5 40.0 84.00 81.50 89.50 84.50 84.00 87.50 SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS B4 -------- 20 40.0 72.50 72.00 See footnotes at end of table. 3 1 2 - “ 4 67.00- 79.00 2 " - _ - 1 1 - 1 5 5 6 - - 1 42 40 2 18 16 2 5 2 2 1 7 7 - 3 3 13 13 3 3 17 17 17 16 36 36 3 3 5 2 13 11 _ 1 - - 2 4 5 “ 2 19 12 7 13 10 3 7 1 _ 10 5 5 20 19 _ - - 29 29 ~ _ - 16 14 2 _ 80.50- 92.00 78 .5 0- 89.50 82.00-102.50 - 17 14 3 - GENERAL ------------------------- 1 14 14 - NONMANUFACTURING _ 14 9 5 - STENOGRAPHERS, - _ _ - - - _ - 3 3 97.50-112.50 - 2 1 - 87.00-112.50 89.00-113.00 ~ - i i - 39.0 100.00 99.50 39.5 103.00 106.50 - - i 12 12 40.0 107.50 102.50 - - - 13 - - - - 18 17 43 37 - _ - - - SECRETARIES, CLASS B4 --------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------- - _ - - 37 37 SECRETARIES, CLASS A4 --------------------------- - _ - 2 _ - _ - - 39.5 100.50 101.50 40.0 101.00 101.50 38.5 98.50 105.00 “ _ ~ 12 11 1 90.50-109.50 92.00-109.00 79.50-117.50 _ - * 198 173 25 SECRETARIES3 4 -----------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- _ 19 15 4 3 CLERKS, PAYROLL ---------------------MANUFACTURING 5 1 - 5 7 1 1 - _ - 2 1 1 1 - 9 2 3 3 i 1 1 3 3 ~ - - 1 - 1 1 - _ “ - 1 1 - 2 2 5 5 5 5 4 i 1 1 - 4 - ~ - _ - - _ _ - - - _ ~ - _ - 1 9 - - _ - - - _ - 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations— Men and Women— Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , L a w r e n c e — a v e r h ill, M a s s . —N .H . , June 1966) H Weekly earnings1 (standard) S ex , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Average weekly hours1 ( standard) Number of workers N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly e a r n in g s o f — $ s M ean 2 Median 2 t $ $ $ $ 55 s 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 60 50 s s s $ 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 ICO 1 11 1 1 1 7 7 — 4 4 and u n d er Middle range 2 $ 100 s s s * $ 105 110 1 15 1 20 1 25 1 30 135 110 115 1 20 125 1 30 1 35 over — — - — — — — — — — — and 55 105 WOMEN - CONTINUED 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 $ 7 3 .0 0 7 3 .5 0 $ 46 41 7 3 .5 0 7 4 .0 0 6 3 . 5 0 - 8 1 .0 0 6 4 . 5 0 - 8 1 .0 0 71 60 SW IT CH BO AR D O P ER AT OR -R EC EP TI ON IS TS M ANUFACTURING ------------------------------------------------ 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 6 7 .0 0 6 7 .5 0 66.00 68.00 6 1 . 5 0 - 7 5 .5 0 6 1 . 5 0 - 7 7 .0 0 - 4 11 4 7 7 - 7 — - 1 — — 1 S ta n da rd h o u r s r e f le c t the w o r k w e e k fo r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 T h e m e a n i s c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h j o b b y to ta lin g the ea rn in g s o f a ll w o r k e r s and d iv id in g b y the n u m b er o f w o r k e r s . T he m e d ia n d e s ig n a t e s p o s it io n — h a lf o f the e m p lo y e e s s u r v e y e d r e c e iv e m o r e than the ra te show n; h a lf r e c e i v e l e s s than the ra te sh ow n . T h e m id d le ra n g e is d e fin e d b y 2 r a t e s o f pay; a fo u r th o f the w o r k e r s e a r n l e s s than the lo w e r o f t h e se ra tes and a fo u r t h e a r n m o r e than the h ig h e r r a t e . 3 M ay in c lu d e w o r k e r s o th e r than t h o s e p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . 4 D e s c r ip t io n f o r th is o c c u p a t io n ha s b e e n r e v i s e d s in c e the la s t s u r v e y in th is a r e a . See a p p en d ix A . A -2 . P r o fe s s io n a l a n d T e c h n ic a l O c c u p a t io n s — W o m e n (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s fo r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , L a w r e n c e — a v e r h ill, M a s s . — .H . , June 1966) H N Weekly earnings1 (standard) O c c u p a tio n and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers Average weekly hours1 ( standard) * Mean2 Median 2 Middle range 2 N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly ea rn in g s o f— » $ * $ * $ 90 95 100 1 05 110 1 15 120 and u n d er _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 22 * * NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) -----MA NU FA CT UR IN G -------------------------------------- OO 95 o o T a b le $ 1 0 8 .0 0 1 0 8 .0 0 $ 1 1 0 .5 0 1 1 0 .5 0 $ $ 1 0 2 .0 0 1 0 2 .0 0 - 1 1 4 .5 0 1 1 4 .5 0 100 1 05 110 1 15 1 20 125 3 3 2 2 2 2 4 4 7 7 1 1 3 3 1 S ta n da rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 F o r d e fin itio n o f t e r m s , se e fo o tn o te 2, ta b le A - l . s a la r i e s and the e a rn in g s Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations— Men and Women Combined (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a re a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , L a w r e n c e — a v e r h ill, M a s s .— .H ., June 1966) H N Average O c c u p a tio n and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers Average Weekly earnings * (standard) (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS O cc u p a tio n and in d u str y d iv is io n OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - 16 SECRETARIES2 3 --------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING-------------------------------- 1 98 173 25 7 4 .5 0 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 8 .5 1 0 0 .5 0 1 0 1 .0 0 9 8 .5 0 3 8 .5 3 8 .0 6 8 .0 0 6 7 .0 0 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A -------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING-------------------------------- 74 51 23 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 9 3 .0 0 9 3 .5 0 9 1 .5 0 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B -------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 67 45 22 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 3 8 .5 7 4 .5 0 7 8 .0 0 6 7 .5 0 CLERKS, ORDER --------MANUFACTURING - 32 19 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 8 6 .0 0 8 9 .5 0 o 39 35 4 BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B ------------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 1 0 7 .5 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS A3-------------------------------- CLERKS, PAYROLL ----------MANUFACTURING --------- 141 138 4 0 .0 8 2 .5 0 Number O c c u p a tio n and in d u s tr y d iv is io n 13 SECRETARIES, CLASS B3-------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------------------- 43 37 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 3 .0 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS C 3-------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 96 90 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 0 5 .5 0 1 0 5 .5 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS D3------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 46 36 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 8 8 .5 0 8 5 .0 0 STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL ------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 65 43 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 8 4 .0 0 8 1 .5 0 Weekly - Weekly earnings 1 (standard) CONTINUED SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS B3-------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 20 18 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 2 .5 0 7 1 .0 0 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSMANUFACTURING ------------------------------------------------ 46 41 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 7 3 .0 0 7 3 .5 0 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS A ---------------------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------------------ 22 21 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 0 6 .0 0 1 0 4 .5 0 T Y P IS T S , CLASS B -----------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------------------- 71 60 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 6 7 .0 0 6 7 .5 0 22 4 0 .0 1 0 8 .0 0 PROFESSIONAL AN0 TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) ------ S tandard h o u r s r e f le c t the w o rk w e e k fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s and the e a rn in g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s, M ay in clu d e w o r k e r s o th e r than t h o se p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . D e s c r ip t io n fo r th is o c c u p a t io n h a s b e e n r e v i s e d s i n c e the la s t s u r v e y in th is a r e a . S ee a p p en d ix A . of (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS CONTINUED O O * Weekly earnings 1 (standard) O 3 9 .5 Weekly (standard) KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B -------------- $ 17 of O BILLE RS, MACHINE (BILLIN G MACHINE) ------------------------------------------------------ Average Number Weekly 8 Table A -4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A vera ge straigh t-tim e h ourly earning’s fo r m en in se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry division , L a w ren ce— averhill, M ass.— H N.H ., June 1966) N um ber of w o rk e rs re ce iv in g stra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earnings of— Hourly earnings 1 .8 0 O ccupation and industry d ivision and under 1 .9 0 2 .0 0 2 .1 0 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 _ _ 1 .9 0 2 .0 0 $ CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE ----------MANUFACTURING ------------------------ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE --------MANUFACTURING --------------------------- $ _ _ 3 .5 0 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 _ 2 .1 0 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 .5 0 2 .6 0 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 3 .1 0 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3 .4 0 3 .5 0 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 3 .9 0 $ 2 .7 3 2 .7 3 103 103 _ 2 .7 8 2 .7 8 3 .0 6 3 .0 6 3 .2 1 3 .2 1 2 . 7 9 - 3 .2 9 2 . 7 9 - 3 .2 9 2 . 4 7 - 3 .1 2 2 . 4 7 - 3 .1 2 ENGINEERS, STATIONARY ----------------- 3 .0 5 3 .3 5 2 . 8 2 - 3 .4 7 FIREMEN, STATIONARY BOILER ------- 2 .8 4 2 .8 5 2 . 7 3 - 3 .0 3 HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES — MANUFACTURING ------------------------- 2.20 2 .1 9 2 .3 1 2 .3 0 10 10 2 . 0 3 - 2 .3 7 2 . 0 3 - 2 .3 7 14 14 MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE -----------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------- 107 107 2 .9 8 2 .9 8 2 .8 6 2 .8 6 2 .7 3 2 .7 3 - 3 .2 6 3 .2 6 - MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) -------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------- 34 17 2 .6 7 2 .5 1 2 .6 9 2 .2 9 2 .2 9 2 .1 2 - 3 .2 3 2 .8 5 2 2 MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE -------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------- 102 99 3.0 3 3 .0 1 3 .1 9 3 .1 6 2 .6 9 2 .6 8 - 3 .2 9 3 .2 8 - MILLWRIGHTS -------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------- 46 46 2.9 9 2.9 9 3.1 5 3 .1 5 2 .7 7 2 .7 7 - 3 .2 4 3 .2 4 _ MAINTENANCE ---------------------------- 18 2 .7 8 2 .8 4 2 .6 9 - 2.9 1 - - ~ - - P IP EF ITT ER S, MAINTENANCE ---------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------- 54 54 2 .9 6 2.9 6 3 .0 6 3 .0 6 2 .7 6 2 .7 6 - 3 .2 3 3 .2 3 - - - - _ PAINTERS, - - - - - - - - 11 11 - - - - - 1 1 9 2 1 1 - - 5 5 28 28 5 5 4 3 5 5 1 1 5 5 2 17 17 - _ - - - - 9 9 26 26 14 14 2 2 1 1 1 1 - - - ~ 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 5 - - - 4 - 5 4 - - - 1 E xcludes p rem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, 2 F or defin ition o f te r m s , see footn ote 2, table A - l . - - 1 1 4 4 4 4 2 2 1 1 4 4 11 11 4 4 8 8 6 6 - _ 2 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ - 2 2 _ ~ 11 11 _ - - - 12 12 2 1 - 2 1 8 3 - - _ 5 3 3 4 4 3 3 10 10 - 4 4- 8 8 _ 5 and late shifts. - 26 26 14 14 - ~ “ 1 - - - - - - 17 17 _ - _ - - - - ~ “ 9 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A vera ge straigh t-tim e hourly earnings fo r se le cte d occupations studied on an area basis by industry division , L aw rence— averhill, M a s s .— .H . , June 1966) H N Hourly earnings O ccu p a tion 1 and industry d ivision 2 Number of workers 2 Num ber o f w o rk e rs re ceivin g stra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings of— 1 1 .3 0 M ean34 M edian 3 M iddle range3 and under $ I 1.4 0 1 .5 0 _ $ 1 .6 0 _ $ 1.7 0 _ _ $ 1 .8 0 $ 1.9 0 _ $ 2 .0 0 _ $ $ $ $ 2 .1 0 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 _ _ _ _ _ 137 122 $ 2 .3 0 2.3 2 $ 2 .3 5 2 .3 5 $ 2 .0 5 2 .1 2 - $ 2 .6 9 2.7 1 1.6 0 1.7 0 1.8 0 1 .9 0 2 .0 0 2 .1 0 2 .2 0 2 2 - 8 8 5 5 3 3 13 10 3 3 10 10 8 2 17 8 9 22 16 6 13 8 5 17 13 4 17 13 4 23 23 “ 52 42 10 42 38 4 16 16 “ 7 6 1 ~ 2 2 2 2 4 4 7 7 27 27 18 18 27 27 86 76 10 75 71 4 42 42 “ 87 86 1 1 1 10 10 4 4 5 5 8 8 25 25 3 3 - _ 1 .9 6 1 .9 9 1 .7 0 - 2.1 9 249 201 48 1 .8 8 1 .8 9 1 .8 4 1.9 9 2 .0 0 1 .8 1 1 .6 4 1 .7 0 1 .5 5 - 2.1 2 2.1 3 2 .0 9 18 18 JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS (WOMEN) -------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------- 23 21 1 .9 0 1 .9 5 2 .0 2 2.0 2 1 .8 9 1 .9 4 - 2 .0 6 2.0 7 2 “ LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING --------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 446 384 62 2 .2 8 2 .2 1 2 .7 5 2 .2 6 2 .2 4 2 .8 6 2 .1 3 2 .1 1 2 .7 3 - 2.4 5 2.4 1 2.9 8 - PACKERS, S H I P P I N G ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------- 142 142 2 .1 0 2 .1 0 2 .0 6 2 .0 6 1 .7 5 1 .7 5 - 2 .4 6 2.4 6 - _ “ - 10 10 19 19 13 13 PACKERS, SHIPPING (WOMEN) ------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------- 128 128 1 .5 8 1.5 8 1 .6 2 1 .6 2 1 .5 6 1 .5 6 - 1 .6 6 1.6 6 2 2 6 6 44 44 73 73 _ RECEIVING CLERKS --------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------- 31 24 2.2 6 2.2 6 2.5 1 2 .3 5 2 .0 4 2 .0 5 - 2.5 6 2 .5 6 _ _ - 1 - 3 3 1 1 SHIPPING CLERKS ----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------- 26 21 2 .3 6 2.3 6 2 .5 2 2 .1 9 2 .1 0 2 .0 9 - 2 .6 1 2 .6 8 1 - - SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS ----------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------- 68 59 2 .2 7 2.2 7 2 .2 7 2 .2 7 2 . 0 4 - 2 .7 3 2 .0 6 - 2 .4 9 TRUCKDRIVERS * ---------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------- 314 82 23 2 2.7 8 2.4 0 2.9 1 2 .8 3 2 .4 6 2 .8 7 2 .4 7 2 .1 4 2 .8 2 - 3.3 1 2.7 3 3 .3 4 TRUCKDRIVERS, LIGHT (UNDER 1 - 1 / 2 T O N S ) -------------------------------------------- 24 2.1 2 2 .1 3 1 .9 7 - 2.2 0 _ - _ 5 5 - _ - _ _ - - 3 3 2 2 8 8 _ * _ - 16 16 3 3 1 - _ 8 - - - 5 ~ ~ ~ “ 8 8 - 10 10 - 31 1 30 3 _ - - 1 1 7 7 13 13 “ _ - - _ 5 _ - 15 11 - 4 ~ “ 5 1 2 2 9 1 9 - - 1 _ - - 8 2 2 _ _ 9 _ 14 - 14 “ - - - - _ - - * - * - - - - 4 - “ 3 “ 7 7 7 1 - - - 7 7 1 Data lim ited to m en w o rk e rs except w here oth e rw ise indicated. E xcludes prem iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w o rk on w eekends, h olid ays, and late shifts. F or defin ition o f te r m s , see footn ote 2, table A - l . Includes a ll d r iv e r s r e g a r d le s s o f s iz e and type o f tru ck operated. - 19 4 15 ii _ 1 1 8 7 ~ _ 14 14 4 4 11 9 2 _ 17 17 7 7 7 _ 3 .4 0 12 12 - ~ 3 .3 0 3 3 16 “ 10 4 _ 3 .2 0 9 9 15 - 5 5 _ s 3.3 0 3.1 0 - - _ 3 .0 0 5 5 ii _ - 2 .9 0 6 6 2 2 _ 2 .8 0 3 3 4 4 — 2 .7 0 5 5 3 3 - 1 - 3 3 - 41 40 2 .6 0 _ $ 3.2 0 6 - 4 - _ _ 7 2 2 2 .5 0 $ 3 .1 0 13 13 31 JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS -----MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------- $ $ $ $ 2 .7 0 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3 .0 0 _ 1.5 0 WATCHMEN: MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------- 1 2 3 4 $ 2 .6 0 _ 1.4 0 GUARDS AND WATCHMEN -------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------- 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 $ 2.5 0 4 4 9 9 27 27 - - 9 _ 4 1 1 _ - - 1 1 _ - 100 - - — - “ - - “ - - _ “ - 100 - * _ 90 - “ “ 90 10 B. Establishment Practices and Supplem entary Wage Provisions Table B-l. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers (D is trib u tio n o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts studied in a ll in d u strie s and in in d u stry d iv is io n s by m in im u m e n tran ce s a la r y fo r s e le c t e d c a t e g o r ie s o f in e x p e r ie n c e d w om en o ffic e w o r k e r s , L a w r e n c e — a v e rh ill, M a s s .— .H . , June 1966)1 H N 3 2 O ther in e x p e r ie n c e d c le r i c a l w o rk e rs In e x p e rie n ce d typists M anufacturing M inim um w eek ly s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r y 1 B a sed on standard w e e k ly h ours 3 o f---- A ll in d u strie s A ll sch ed u les E sta b lish m en ts stu d ie d — ------- -------------------------------------------- E sta b lish m en ts having a s p e c ifie d m in im u m — -------------------U nder $ 50. $ 5 0 .0 0 and $ 52. 50 and $ 55. 00 and $ 57. 50 and $ 6 0 .0 0 and $ 6 2 . 50 and $ 6 5 .0 0 and $ 67. 50 and $ 70. 00 and $ 72. 50 and 0 0 ------- --------------------------------------------------------------under $ 5 2 .5 0 -----------------------------------------------------under $ 55. 00................................................................ under $ 57. 50................................................................ under $ 60. 00— — -------------- ----- ------under $ 6 2 .5 0 ------------------------------------------under $ 6 5 .0 0 — ---------- — under $ 67. 50-----------------------------------------------------under $ 70. 00-----— ------------------------------------------ — under $ 7 2 .5 0 -----------------------------------------------------under $ 75. 00 --------- ------ ------------------------------ E sta b lish m en ts having no s p e c ifie d m in im u m - ------- E sta b lish m en ts w h ich did not e m p lo y w o r k e r s in this c a t e g o r y — ----- — ----- — - ----------------------- M anufacturing N onm anufacturing A ll sch ed u les 40 A ll sch ed u les 40 A ll sch ed u les 40 40 75 43 XXX 32 XXX 75 43 XXX 32 XXX 16 12 10 4 4 31 17 13 14 11 _ 4 _ 2 4 1 1 _ 2 3 1 1 _ 2 1 _ _ _ . 2 1 1 - 2 1 1 - 4 _ 3 1 2 _ 2 _ 1 - 4 1 2 1 3 - 4 _ 4 2 2 1 2 1 1 - 1 4 1 2 1 3 1 - 1 8 1 6 3 5 2 2 2 1 * - 5 1 1 - - - 3 1 1 2 1 1 13 12 XXX 1 XXX 27 18 XXX 9 XXX 46 19 XXX 27 XXX 17 8 XXX 9 XXX 1 T h e se s a la r ie s r e la te to f o r m a lly e s ta b lis h e d m in im u m sta rtin g (h irin g) re g u la r s t r a ig h t-t im e s a la r ie s that a r e paid fo r stan dard w o rk w e e k s . 2 E x clu d es w o r k e r s in s u b c le r ic a l jo b s su ch as m e s s e n g e r o r o ffic e g ir l. 3 Data a r e p r e s e n te d fo r a ll standard w o rk w e e k s c o m b in e d , and fo r the m o s t c o m m o n standard w o rk w e e k r e p o r te d . N onm anufacturing B a sed on standard wc ek ly h ou rs 3 of--- A ll in d u strie s 1 _ . - Table B-2. Shift Differentials (S h ift d iffe r e n t ia ls o f m a n u fa ctu rin g p la n t w o r k e r s b y type and am ount o f d iffe r e n t ia l, L a w r e n c e — a v e r h ill, M a s s . — .H . , Jun e-1966) 1 H N 3 2 P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa ctu rin g plant w o r k e r s — In e s ta b lis h m e n ts having fo r m a l p r o v is io n s 1 f o r — Shift d iffe r e n t ia l A c tu a lly w o rk in g on— S econ d sh ift w o rk T o ta l_ _ With s h ift pay d iffe r e n tia l U n iform ce n ts (p e r h o u r ) ____________________ 4 ce n ts ____ _____________ _________________ ___ 5 c e n t s ________________ ________ ___________ _ T h ir d o r o th e r sh ift 73. 2 60. 2 14. 2 4. 6 56. 1 1 1 .9 4. 0 24. 1 1 7 .6 5. 1 2. 2 .. — ~ _ . . . O th er fo r m a l pay d i ff e r e n t i a l 2 W ith no s h ift pay d iffe r e n t ia l ~ .. . . . ._ ~ .. 1. 1 .2 .3 30. 3 32. 0 6. 2 1 .8 1 .4 U n ifo rm p e r c e n t a g e 4 .9 2 .0 6. 5 1 .3 1 .6 1 .4 1 .4 .7 .6 .5 1 .8 . 1 ~ - 1 .4 3 0 .6 .3 2 8 .9 7 c e n ts . . _____ „ _. . 8 ce n ts _______ __ ___ — ____ 9 ce n ts 10 c e n t s ________ _____ __________ _________ ____ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ 12 c e n ts 13 c e n ts _ _ _ — 14 c e n t s .. . . . — 5 percent .. 8 percent .. 10 p e r c e n t S e co n d sh ift 6 0 .9 ................................................................... T h ir d o r o th e r sh ift w o rk 5 .9 . 3 1 .4 6 .5 6. 5 .5 ( 5> 12. 3 4. 1 2 .4 4 .9 5. 4 2. 0 1 .4 6. 3 4. 1 - - - - - - - .3 .3 1 In clu d e s e s ta b lis h m e n ts c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g late s h ifts , and e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g e v e n though they w e r e not c u r r e n t ly o p e r a tin g la te s h ifts . 2 P r i m a r il y c e n t s - p e r - h o u r d iffe r e n t ia ls w h ich v a r y b y la b o r g r a d e . 3 L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t . .6 la te sh ifts Table B-3- Scheduled W e ek ly Hours ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p la n t a n d o f f i c e w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d m a n u fa c t u r i n g b y s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , L a w r e n c e — a v e r h i ll , M a s s . —N . H . , J u n e 1966) H P lant w o r k e r s A ll in d u s tr ie s 1 A ll w o r k e r s ---------------------------------------------- ------ — 35 h o u r s ------------------------- --------------------------------------O ver 35 and under 37Vz h o u r s ___________________ 3 7 V2 h o u r s _________________________________________ O ver 3 7 V2 and under 40 h o u r s -----------------------------40 h o u r s ___________________________________________ O v e r 40 and u n d er 44 h o u r s ___________________ . 44 h o u r s ___________________________________________ 45 h o u r s ___________________________________________ 48 h o u r s _________________________________________ - 100 (3) 2 1 - 83 1 In clu des data f o r tra n s p o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , add ition to m a n u fa ctu rin g. 2 In clu des data f o r tr a n s p o r ta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , e sta te ; and s e r v ic e s , in add ition to m an u factu rin g. 3 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t. O ffic e w o r k e r s M anufacturin g 100 - 1 86 2 2 4 1 4 1 7 A ll in d u s tr ie s 2 M anufacturing 100 100 2 2 5 2 89 (!) ( 3) - (3) 6 1 93 - 6 and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e t a il tra d e; r e a l and o th e r p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le s a le esta te; and s e r v ic e s , tra d e ; r e t a il tra d e; fin a n ce, in s u r a n c e , in and r e a l Table B-4. Paid Holidays ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p la n t and o f f i c e w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r ie s and m a n u fa c t u r in g b y n u m b e r , o f p a id h o l id a y s p r o v i d e d a n n u a lly , L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i ll , M a s s . —N . H . , J u n e 1 96 6) Plant w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s Item A ll in d u s t r ie s 1 A ll w o rk e rs M anufacturing A ll in d u s tr ie s 2 M anufacturing 100 W o rk e rs in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p ro v id in g paid h o lid a y s .... W o rk e rs in e sta b lish m e n ts p ro v id in g no paid h olid ays 100 100 100 95 98 97 98 5 2 3 2 6 _ 3 6 - - 3 51 3 (3 ) 30 1 4 1 1 5 6 36 39 91 93 94 96 98 98 98 N um ber o f days L e s s than 5 h olid ays 5 h o lid a ys 6 h o lid a y s ___ ___ ___ __ __ __ _____ ___ ___ 6 h o lid a y s plus 1 h a lf day 6 h o lid a ys plus 2 h a lf d a y s _______ _____ 7 h o lid a ys 8 h o lid a y s _________________________________________ 8 h o lid a y s plus 1 h a lf d a y _____ 8 h o lid a y s plus 2 h a lf days 9 h olid a ys ______________ ________ . _____ 9 h olid a ys plus 1 h a lf day _________ __ 10 h olid ays ~ .. 10 h o lid a ys plus 1 h a lf d a y _______ __ __ __ - - 10 1 7 2 11 2 4 2 1 1 2 1 (3) ' 3 42 2 (3 ) 25 1 19 1 2 2 6 8 19 23 74 89 89 95 98 98 98 1 20 21 46 48 90 93 93 95 96 97 97 1 3 - 14 47 4 - 15 51 4 _ 1 2 1 - T otal h olid ay t im e 4 10V2 days . . ------------- . . . . . . . . . . .. 10 days o r m o r e ___ __________________ . . . . __ V days o r m o r e ___________ ____________ 2 9 days o r m o r e 8V days o r m o r e 2 .......___ ___ ______ _ 8 days o r m o r e _ 7 days o r m o r e ____ ___ ___ ___ ___ ____ __ 6 1 days o r m o r e /-* 6 days o r m o r e _. _______________ . . . . . . 5 d ays o r m o r e ___________________________________ 3 days o r m o r e ___________________________________ 1 day o r m o r e 9 9 10 21 24 72 86 86 91 94 94 95 1 In clu d es data f o r tra n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and o th er p u b lic u t ilit ie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; r e a l esta te; and s e r v ic e s , in add ition to m an u factu rin g. 2 In clu des data f o r tra n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and oth er p u b lic u tilit ie s ; w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l esta te; and s e r v ic e s , in add ition to m an u factu rin g. 3 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t. 4 A ll c o m b in a tio n s o f fu ll and h a lf days that add to the sam e am ount a r e c o m b in e d ; f o r e x a m p le , the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g a total o f 7 d ays in clu d e s th o se w ith 7 fu ll days and no h alf d ays, 6 fu ll days and 2 h a lf d a y s, 5 fu ll d ays and 4 h a lf days, and so on. P r o p o r t io n s w e r e then cu m ulated. Table B-5. Paid Vacations1 ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p la n t a n d o f f i c e w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d m a n u fa c t u r in g b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i ll , M a s s . —N . H . , J u n e 1 96 6) Plant w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s V a ca tio n p o lic y M anufacturing A ll in d u s t r ie s 2 A l l w o r k e r s -------------------------------------------------------------- M anufacturin g A ll in d u s t r ie s 3 100 100 100 100 100 80 18 “ 2 100 78 20 99 99 2 - 100 100 - “ “ (4 ) “ 58 10 - 65 10 - 2 71 (4 ) 7 82 1 6 83 5 10 2 - 87 M ethod o f paym ent W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p ro v id in g paid v a c a tio n s ------------------------------------------------------L e n g th -o f-tim e p a y m e n t---------------------------------P e r c e n ta g e p aym en t------------------------------------ ----F la t -s u m p a y m e n t-------------------------------------------O t h e r ------------------------------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g no p aid v a c a tio n s —------------------------------------------- — A m ount o f v a c a tio n pay 5 A fte r 6 m onths o f s e r v ic e U nder 1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------------------1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and und er 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------ -----— (4 ) 1 A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------- 81 4 13 2 11 - 2 7 93 - A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ------------------------------------ ---------------O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 10 46 42 11 44 2 - 4 93 95 - - 2 - 26 8 64 2 1 25 9 64 2 - 3 95 2 3 97 - 25 8 65 2 1 25 9 64 2 - 3 95 2 3 97 - 1 1 85 5 8 1 86 6 7 (4 ) 89 1 10 (4 ) 93 7 2 (4 ) 5 - A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ----------------------- -------------------------------------------— O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------A fte r 4 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k -------------------------------------------------------------------- — O v e r 1 and under 2 w eek s - -------------- ------- - 2 w e e k s ___ ___ __________________ _______________ __ O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------- * A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and und er 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------- See fo o tn o te s at end of table. - Table B-5. Paid V acations1 Continued ---( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p la n t a n d o f f i c e w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r ie s a n d m a n u fa c t u r in g b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i ll , M a s s . — . H. , J u n e 1 96 6) N O ffic e w o r k e r s Plant w o r k e r s V a ca tio n p o lic y A ll in d u s tr ie s 1 2 M anufacturing A ll in d u s tr ie s 3 M anufacturing Am ount o f v a ca tio n pay 5— Continued A fte r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ______________________________________________ O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s ---------------------------- ----2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------- _ O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------- - 1 1 43 8 46 (4 ) _ 1 43 10 46 - 1 1 41 8 48 (4 ) 1 40 10 49 - 1 1 34 6 54 _ 1 32 6 57 (4 ) (4 ) 30 2 68 23 2 75 - (4 ) A fte r 12 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k — ---------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------- 4 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------- (4 ) (4 ) 27 2 71 (4 ) 19 2 78 - A fte r 15 v e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ---------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and under 3 w eeks — -------------------------3 w eeks -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and under 4 w e e k s -----------------------------------4 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------------- (4 ) (4 ) 20 1 69 1 9 14 1 80 - - 4 3 - 1 1 34 6 46 13 1 32 6 51 9 (4 ) (4 ) 20 1 63 15 14 1 75 10 (4 ) (4 ) 34 6 19 37 1 32 6 20 36 20 1 15 60 3 3 4 14 1 14 67 4 1 1 34 1 32 6 20 36 5 A fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k — ----------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and under 2 w eeks ______________________ 2 w eeks — --------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s -------------------------------- 3 w e e k s ___________________________________________ 4 w e e k s --------------------------- --------------------- --------- — - A fte r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------2 w e e k s ----------- -------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 w e e k s-------------------------------------------------------- — 1 1 A fte r 30 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and under 2 w e e k s -----------------------------------2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------- O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s ________________________ 3 w e e k s ________________________________________ __ _ 4 w e e k s ___________________________________________ O v e r 4 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------- 6 19 37 3 3 (4 ) (4 ) 20 1 15 60 4 14 1 14 67 4 1 Inclu des b a s ic plans o n ly. E x clu d e s plans such as v a c a tio n -s a v in g s and th ose plans w h ich o f fe r " e x te n d e d " o r " s a b b a t ic a l" b e n e fits beyond b a s ic plans to w o r k e r s w ith qu a lify in g lengths o f s e r v ic e . T y p ic a l o f such e x c lu s io n s a r e plans in the s t e e l, alum in um , and can in d u s tr ie s . 2 Inclu des data fo r tr a n s p o r ta tio n , co m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il tra d e ; r e a l estate; and s e r v ic e s , in add ition to m an u factu rin g. 3 Inclu des data fo r tr a n s p o r ta tio n , co m m u n ic a tio n , and o th er p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l esta te; and s e r v ic e s , in ad d ition to m an u factu rin g. * L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t. 5 In clu des paym en ts o th er than "len gth o f t i m e , " su ch as p e r c e n ta g e o f annual ea rn in gs o r fla t -s u m p a ym en ts, c o n v e r te d to an equivalent tim e b a s is ; fo r e x a m p le , a paym ent o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual ea rn in gs w as c o n s id e r e d as 1 w e e k 's pay. P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e w e re a r b it r a r ily c h o s e n and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t the in d ivid u al p r o v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n s . F o r e x a m p le , the ch an ges in p r o p o r tio n s in d ica ted at 10 y e a r 's s e r v ic e in clu d e ch an ges in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g b etw een 5 and 10 y e a r s . E stim a te s a r e c u m u la tiv e . T h u s, the p r o p o r tio n r e c e iv in g 3 w e e k s ' pay o r m o r e a fte r 5 y e a r s in clu d e s th o s e w ho r e c e iv e 3 w e e k s ' p a y o r m o r e a fte r fe w e r y e a r s o f s e r v ic e . Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (P e r c e n t o f plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s trie s and m an u factu rin g e m p lo y e d in e sta b lish m en ts prov id in g health, in s u r a n c e , o r p e n sio n b e n e fits , 1 L a w r e n c e — a v e rh ill, M a s s .— H. , June 1966) H N. Plant w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s T yp e ox be n e fit A ll in d u s tr ie s 2 A ll w o r k e r s — ____________________________________ 100 M anufacturin g 100 A ll in d u s t r ie s 3 100 M anufacturing 100 W o r k e r s in e sta b lis h m e n ts p ro vid in g: L ife i n s u r a n c e --------------------------------------------------A c c id e n ta l death and d is m e m b e rm e n t in s u r a n c e -----* --------------------------------------------------S ick n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u ra n ce o r s ic k le a v e o r b o t h 4 ---------------------------------------S ick n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e --------------S ick le a v e (fu ll pay and no w aiting p e r io d )____________________________ S ick le a v e (p a r tia l pay o r w aitin g p e r io d )— ___ __________________ H o s p ita liz a tio n in s u r a n c e -------------------------------S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e -------------------------------------------M e d ica l in s u r a n c e _____________________________ C a ta stro p h e in s u r a n c e ------------------------------------R e tir e m e n t pen sion _____________________ — — No health, in s u r a n c e , o r p e n sio n plan______ 91 94 92 95 68 72 72 84 86 89 82 94 61 63 40 43 6 3 35 38 23 26 33 42 90 88 81 49 59 4 93 90 83 48 62 2 95 94 92 84 78 97 96 96 85 78 1 1 In clu des th o se plans fo r w hich at le a st a part o f the c o s t is b o r n e by the e m p lo y e r , e x c e p t th o se le g a lly r e q u ir e d , su ch as w o rk m e n 's co m p e n s a tio n , s o c ia l s e c u r ity , and r a ilr o a d re tir e m e n t. 2 In clu des data fo r tra n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and o th er pu b lic u t ilitie s ; w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e t a il tra d e; r e a l esta te; and s e r v ic e s , in add ition to m an u factu rin g. 3 In clu des data f o r tra n s p o rta tio n , c o m m u n ica tio n , and o th er public u tilitie s ; w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e t a il tra d e; fin a n ce, in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v ic e s , in addition to m an u factu rin g. 4 U nduplicated to ta l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u ra n ce show n s e p a r a te ly b elow . S ick le a v e plans a re lim ite d to th ose w hich d e fin ite ly e s ta b lis h at le a s t the m in im u m num ber o f d a y s ' pay that ca n be e x p e c te d by e a ch e m p lo y e e . In form a l s ic k le a v e a llow a n ces d e te r m in e d on an individ ual b a s is a re exclu d ed . Table B-7. Health Insurance Benefits Provided Employees and T h e ir Dependents (P e r c e n t o f plant and o f fic e w o r k e r s in all in d u s tr ie s and m anufacturin g em p lo ye d in es ta b lis h m e n ts p ro v id in g health in s u ra n ce b en efits c o v e r in g e m p lo y e e s and th e ir depen dents, L a w re n ce — a v e rh ill, M a s s .—N .H ., June 1966) H O ffic e w o r k e r s P lant w o rk e rs T ype o f b e n e fit, c o v e r a g e , and fin a n cin g 1 A ll in d u s t r ie s 2 M anufacturing A ll in d u s t r ie s 3 100 M anufacturing 100 W o r k e r s in e sta b lish m e n ts p r o v id in g : H o sp ita liz a tio n in su ra n ce — . „ ~ C o v e rin g e m p lo y e e s only E m p lo y e r fin a n ce d J oin tly fin a n ced C o v e rin g e m p lo y e e s and th eir dependents E m p lo y e r fin a n ced __ ________ J oin tly fin a n ced E m p lo y e r fin a n ce d f o r e m p lo y e e s ; jo in tly fin a n ce d f o r d epen den ts-------- 100 100 90 23 22 2 93 24 22 2 95 13 13 (4 ) 97 12 12 1 67 24 36 69 23 37 82 31 48 85 27 53 7 9 4 5 S u r g ic a l in su ra n ce _ __ _ ____ __ C o v e rin g e m p lo y e e s only , E m p lo y e r fin a n ced Jo in tly fin a n ce d ________________________ C o v e rin g e m p lo y e e s and th eir depen dents _____ . . . . . „ _ ~ .. E m p lo y e r fin a n ce d _____________________ J oin tly fin a n ce d . . . . . . E m p lo y e r fin a n ce d f o r e m p lo y e e s ; jo in tly fin a n ce d f o r depen den ts______ 88 21 21 - 90 22 22 - 94 12 12 - 96 11 11 - 67 24 36 69 23 37 82 31 48 85 27 53 7 9 4 5 M e d ica l in s u ra n ce . . . . ________ . . __ C o v e rin g e m p lo y e e s o n ly __ — — _ E m p lo y e r f i n a n c e d ____ J oin tly finaneed_________________________ C o v e rin g e m p lo y e e s and th eir d e p e n d e n ts _______________________________ E m p lo y e r fin a n ce d J oin tly fin a n ce d __ __ _____ E m p lo y e r fin a n ce d f o r e m p lo y e e s ; jo in tly fin a n ce d f o r d e p e n d e n ts._____ 81 20 20 - 83 21 21 92 13 13 - 96 12 12 60 20 33 62 19 35 79 30 46 84 26 54 C a ta stro p h e in s u r a n c e _____________________ __ C o v e rin g e m p lo y e e s o n ly ____________ — E m p lo y e r fin a n ce d . Jo in tly fin a n ced C o v e rin g e m p lo y e e s and their __ __ ______ depen dents E m p lo y e r fin a n ce d . . . . _____ __ Jo in tly fin a n ce d „ ____ __ _____ E m p lo y e r fin a n ce d f o r e m p lo y e e s ; jo in tly fin a n ce d f o r depen dents 7 9 4 5 49 5 5 “ 48 3 3 “ 84 7 6 i 85 4 3 1 44 29 13 45 31 12 77 43 32 80 46 31 2 2 2 3 1 In clu d es plans f o r w h ich at le a s t a p a rt o f the c o s t is b o r n e by the e m p lo y e r . See fo o tn o te 1, table B -6 . An e s ta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d as p r o v id in g b e n e fits to e m p lo y e e s f o r th e ir depen dents if su ch c o v e r a g e w as a v a ila b le to at le a s t a m a jo r it y o f th ose e m p lo y e e s one w ould e x p e c t to have d epen den ts, e . g . , m a r r ie d m en , e ven though they w e r e le s s than a m a jo r it y o f a ll plant o r o f fic e w o r k e r s . The e m p lo y e r b e a r s the en tire c o s t o f " e m p lo y e r fin a n c e d " p la n s. The e m p lo y e r and e m p lo y e e sh a re the c o s t o f " jo in tly fin a n c e d " p la n s. 2 In clu des data f o r tra n sp o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e ta il tr a d e ; r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s , in addition to m an u factu rin g. 3 In clu des data fo r tra n s p o rta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u tilit ie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; fin a n ce, in s u ra n ce , and rea l estate; and s e r v ic e s , in a d d ition to m an u factu rin g. * L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . Table B-8. Profit-Sharing Plans ( P e r c e n t o f p la n t a n d o f f i c e w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r ie s a n d m a n u fa c t u r in g e m p l o y e d in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g p r o f i t - s h a r i n g p l a n s , 1 b y t y p e o f p l a n , L a w r e n c e — a v e r h i ll , M a s s . — . H . , J u n e 1966) H N Plant w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s T y p e o f plan A ll in d u s t r ie s 1 2 3 M anufacturin g A ll in d u s t r ie s 3 M anufacturing A l l w o r k e r s --------------------------------------------- W o r k e r s in es ta b lis h m e n ts p ro v id in g p r o fit -s h a r in g p la n s---------------------------P la n s p r o v id in g f o r c u r r e n t d is t r ib u t io n ------------------------------------P lan s p ro v id in g fo r d e fe r r e d d is t r ib u t io n ------------------------------------P lan s p r o v id in g fo r both c u r r e n t and d e fe r r e d d is t r ib u t io n ------------------------------ 3 P lan s p r o v id in g f o r e m p lo y e e 's c h o ic e o f m eth od o f d is t r i b u t i o n ------------------------------ - W o r k e r s in es ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g no p r o fit -s h a r in g p la n s-------------------------------- 93 2 5 2 95 88 91 1 The study w as lim ite d to fo r m a l plans (1) having e s ta b lis h e d fo rm u la s fo r the a llo c a t io n o f p r o fit sh a res am ong e m p lo y e e s ; (2) w h ose fo rm u la s w e r e c o m m u n ica te d to the e m p lo y e e s in adva n ce o f the d e te rm in a tio n o f p r o fit s ; (3) that r e p r e s e n t a com m itm en t b y the com p a n y to m ake p e r io d ic co n trib u tio n s b a s e d on p r o fit s ; and (4) in w h ich e lig ib ilit y extends to a m a jo r it y o f the plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s . 2 Inclu des data fo r tr a n s p o r ta tio n , co m m u n ica tio n , and o th er p u b lic u t ilit ie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; r e a l esta te; and s e r v ic e s , in add ition to m an u factu rin g. 3 Inclu des data f o r tr a n s p o r ta tio n , co m m u n ic a tio n , and o th er p u b lic u t ilit ie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; fin a n ce, in s u r a n c e , and r e a l esta te; and s e r v ic e s , in a d d itio n to m an u factu rin g. Appendix A. Changes in Occupational Descriptions of a single category, clarifying the criteria of types of calls handled and types of information provided. The combination of class A and class B data, where both are published, is comparable to the single designation, if previously published. Since the Bureau's last survey, occupational descriptions for drafts man, secretary, and switchboard operator were revised in order to obtain salary information for more specific categories. Secretary. The revised descriptions for secretary (classes A, B, C, and D) classify these workers according to levels of responsibility. The size of the organization and the scope of the supervisor's position are con sidered in distinguishing these levels. Data published under the composite title of secretary are not comparable to data previously published. Draftsman. The revised descriptions for draftsman (classes A, B, and C; and draftsman-tracer) replace the previous designations for drafts man (leader, senior, and junior; and tracer) and emphasize the distinction between drafting and design skills. Therefore, data presented for any of these occupations are not comparable to data previously published. Switchboard operator. The revised description for switchboard operator arranges these workers into two defined classes (A and B) instead The revised occupational descriptions are included in appendix B. 19 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau's wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau's job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors, apprentices, learners, beginners, trainees, handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are classified by type of machine, as follows: Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a type writer keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Class A . Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles, and fam iliarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Biller, machine (billing machine). Uses a special billing m a chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc. , which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers' purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shipping charges, and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The oper ation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Class B. Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, cus tomers' accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine). Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e t c ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers' bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers' ledger record. The ma chine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes, and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A . Under general direction of a bookkeeper or accountant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a complete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establishment's busi ness transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary 21 22 C L E R K , A C C O U N T IN G — Continued ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; and may direct class B accounting clerks. Class B. Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE Class A . In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this m aterial. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. Class B. Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by simple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer sub headings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested, locates clearly identified material in files and forwards m aterial. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. Class C. Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classi fication system (e.g . , alphabetical, chronological, or numerical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards m aterial; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Performs simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. C L E R K , O R D ER — Continued to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe matical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is ncidental to performance of other duties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory responsibilities, reproduces multiple copies of typewritten or handwritten matter, using a Mimeograph or Ditto machine. Makes necessa:y adjustment such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare stencil or Ditto master. May keep file of used stencils or Ditto masters. May sort, collate, and staple completed material. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR CLERK, ORDER Receives customers' orders for material or merchandise by m ail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items Class A . Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but, in addition, work requires application 23 K EY P U N C H O PER A TO R — Continued of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. Class B. Under close supervision or following specific procedures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc. , are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Assigned as personal secretary, normally to one individual. Main tains a close and highly responsive relationship to the day-to-day work activities of the supervisor. Works fairly independently receiving a mini mum of detailed supervision and guidance. Performs varied clerical and secretarial duties, usually including most of the following: (a) Receives telephone calls, personal callers, and incoming mail, answers routine inquiries, and routes the technical inquiries to the proper persons; (b) establishes, maintains, and revises the supervisor's files; (c) maintains the supervisor's calendar and makes appointments as instructed; (d) relays messages from supervisor to subordinates; (e) reviews correspondence, mem oranda, and reports prepared by others for the supervisor's signature to assure procedural and typographic accuracy; and (f) performs stenographic and typing work. May also perform other clerical and secretarial tasks of comparable nature and difficulty. The work typically requires knowledge of office routine and understanding o f the organization, programs, and procedures related to the work of the supervisor. SECRETARY— Continued Exclusions Not all positions that are titled "secretary" possess the above characteristics. Examples of positions which are excluded from the def inition are as follows: (a) Positions which do not meet the "personal" secretary concept described above; (b) stenographers not fully trained in secretarial type duties; (c) stenographers serving as office assistants to a group of professional, technical, or managerial persons; (d) secretary posi tions in which the duties are either substantially more routine or substan tially more complex and responsible than those characterized in the def inition; and(e) assistant type positions which involve more difficult or more responsible technical, administrative, supervisory, or specialized clerical duties which are not typical of secretarial work. NOTE: The term "corporate officer," used in the level definitions following, refers to those officials who have a significant corporate-wide policymaking role with regard to major company activities. The title "vice president, " though normally indicative of this role, does not in all cases identify such positions. Vice presidents whose primary responsibility is to act personally on individual cases or transactions (e. g. , approve or deny individual loan or credit actions; administer individual trust accounts; directly supervise a clerical staff) are not considered to be "corporate officers" for purposes of applying the following level definitions. Class A a. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that employes, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5 ,0 00 persons; or b. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than the chairman of the board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 5, 000 but fewer than 25,000 persons; or c. Secretary to the head (immediately below the corporate officer level) of a major segment or subsidiary of a company that employs, in all, over 25, 000 persons. Class B a. Secretary to the chairman of the /board or president of a company that employs, in all, fewer than 100 persons; or b. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than chairman of the board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5 ,0 0 0 persons; or 24 SECRETARY— Continued STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL— Continued c. Secretary to the head (immediately below the officer level) over either a major corporate-wide functional activity (e. g. , marketing, research, operations, industrial relations, etc. ) or a major geographic or organizational segment (e. g. , a regional headquarters; a major division) of a company that employs, in all, over 5,000 but fewer than 25,000 employees; or May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator. ) STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific re search from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. e. Secretary to the head of a large and important organizational OR segment (e. g. , a middle management supervisor of an organizational seg ment often involving as many as several hundred persons) of a company Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater inde that employs, in all, over 25,000 persons. pendence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evidenced by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographic speed and accuracy; Class C and a thorough working knowledge of general business and office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, a. Secretary to an executive or managerial person whose respon files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties sibility is not equivalent to one of the specific level situations in the def and responsible clerical tasks such as, maintaining followup files; assembling inition for class B, but whose subordinate staff normally numbers at least material for reports, memorandums, letters, etc. ; composing simple letters several dozen employees and is usually divided into organizational segments from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering which are often, in turn, further subdivided. In some companies, this level routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribing-machine work. includes a wide range of organizational echelons; in others, only one or two; or SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR d. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc. (or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in all, over 5,000 persons; or b. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc. (or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in all, fewer than 5 ,0 00 persons. Class D a. Secretary to the supervisor or head of a small organizational unit (e. g. , fewer than about 25 or 30 persons); or b. Secretary to a nonsupervisory staff specialist, professional employee, administrative officer, or assistant, skilled technician or expert. (NOTE: Many companies assign stenographers, rather than secretaries as described above, to this level of supervisory or nonsupervisory worker. ) STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation involving a normal routine vo cabulary from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. Class A. Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switch board handling incoming, outgoing, intraplant or oifice calls. Performs full telephone information service or handles complex calls, such as conference, collect, overseas, or similar calls, either in addition to doing routine work as described for switchboard operator, class B, or as a full-tim e assignment. ("Full" telephone information service occurs when the establishment has varied functions that are not readily understandable for telephone informa tion purposes, e. g. , because of overlapping or interrelated functions, and consequently present frequent problems as to which extensions are appro priate for calls. ) Class B. Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switch board handling incoming, outgoing, intraplant or oifice calls. May handle routine long distance calls and record tolls. May perform limited telephone information service. ("Limited" telephone information service occurs if the functions of the establishment serviced are readily understandable for tele phone information purposes, or if the requests are routine, e. g. , giving extension numbers when specific names are furnished, or if complex calls are referred to another operator. ) 25 SW ITC H B O A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T In addition to performing duties of operator on a single position or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker's time while at switchboard. T A B U LA T IN G -M A C H IN E O PER A TO R — Continued specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or repetitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A . Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical account ing machines, typically including such machines as the tabulator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs complete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assign ments typically involve a variety of long and complex reports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced oper ator, is typically involved in training new operators in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-machine operators. Class B. Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wiring from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabulations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the pro cedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. Class C. Operates simple tabulating or electrical accounting machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc. , with Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and dis tributing incoming m ail. Class A . Performs one or more of the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punctu ation, etc. , of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class B. Performs one or more of the following; Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, e t c .; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already setup and spaced properly. 26 P ROF E S S I ONAL AND T EC HNI C A L DRAFTSMAN DRAFTSMAN Class A . Plans the graphic presentation of complex items having distinctive design features that differ significantly from established drafting precedents. Works in close support with the design originator, and may recommend minor design changes. Analyzes the effect of each change on the details of form, function, and positional relation ships of components and parts. Works with a minimum of supervisory assistance. Completed work is reviewed by design originator for con sistency with prior engineering determinations. May either prepare drawings, or direct their preparation by lower level draftsmen. Class B. Performs nonroutine and complex drafting assignments that require the application of most of the standardized drawing tech niques regularly used. Duties typically involve such work as: Prepares working drawings of subassemblies with irregular shapes, multiple functions, and precise positional relationships between components; prepares architectural drawings for construction of a building including detail drawings of foundations, w all sections, floor plans, and roof. Uses accepted formulas and manuals in making necessary computations to determine quantities of materials to be used, load capacities, strengths, stresses, etc. Receives initial instructions, requirements, and advice from supervisor. Completed work is checked for technical adequacy. Class C. Prepares detail drawings of single units or parts for engineering, construction, manufacturing, or repair purposes. Types of drawings prepared include isometric projections (depicting three dimensions in accurate scale) and sectional views to clarify positioning of components and convey needed information. Consolidates details from a number of sources and adjusts or transposes scale as required. MAI NT E NA NC E Continued Suggested methods of approach, applicable precedents, and advice on source materials are given with initial assignments. Instructions are less complete when assignments recur. Work may be spot-checked during progress. DRAFTSMAN-TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawings and tracing with pen or pencil. (Does not include tracing limited to plans primarily consisting of straight lines and a large scale not requiring close delineation.) and/or Prepares simple or repetitive drawings of easily visualized items. is closely supervised during progress. Work NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service under general medical direction to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees' injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant en vironment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. D P OWERPL ANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE— Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Plan ning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal ap prenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 27 E L E C T R IC IA N , M A IN TEN A N C E H E LP ER , M A IN TEN A N C E T R A D E S— Continued Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the in stallation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generation, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following; Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, con trollers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layouts, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician's handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. a woiker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting journeyman by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-tim e basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to supply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigeration, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps;, making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines, in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling, and oper ation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are ex cluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, or gas or oil burner; and checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpretingfwritten instructions and speci fications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinist's handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds, and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment re quired for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal ap prenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 28 MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) OILER Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most of the following; Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the pro duction of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment, and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent train ing and experience. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculi arities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involve:; most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experienee. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 29 TO O L A N D D IE M A K ER — Continued S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K ER , M A IN TEN A N C E Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet-metal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establish ment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-m etal working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, form ing, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER volves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision measuring instru ments, understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabri cation as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work in CUSTODI AL AND For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MATERI AL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Transports passengers between floors of an office building, apart ment house, department store, hotel, or similar establishment. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following; Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. GUARD Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting ma terials or merchandise by handtruck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. 30 ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers' orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and in dicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requi sition additional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of con tainer employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels o r e n t e r i n g i d e n t i f y i n g data o n container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. TRUCKD RIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of es tablishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical, repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1V2 tons) Truckdriver, medium ( 1V2 to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Tmckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK TRUCKER, POWER Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves; A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation, and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves; Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) For wage study purposes, woikers are classified as follows: WATCHMAN Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. Available On Request— The sixth annual report on salaries for accountants, auditors, attorneys, chemists, engineers, engineering technicians, draftsmen, tracers, job analysts, directors of personnel, managers of office services, and clerical employees. Order as BLS Bulletin 1469, National Survey of Professional, Administrative, T ech nical, and Clerical Pay, February—March 19 6 5 . 45 cents a copy. Area Wage Surveys* A l i s t of the l a t e s t a v a i l a b l e b u ll e t in s is p r e s e n t e d b e lo w . A d i r e c t o r y in d ic a tin g d a te s o f e a r l i e r s t u d ie s , and the p r i c e s o f the b u lle tin s is a v a i l a b l e o n r e q u e s t . B u l l e t i n s m a y b e p u r c h a s e d f r o m t h e S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U. S . G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , W a s h i n g t o n , D. C . , 2 0 4 0 2 , over. o r f r o m a n y o f t h e B L S r e g i o n a l s a l e s o f f i c e s s h o w n o n th e i n s i d e f r o n t Area Bulletin number and price Area Bulletin number and price A k r o n , O h i o , J u n e 1 9 6 5 ___________________________________ A l b a n y — c h e n e c t a d y —T r o y , N. Y . , A p r . 1 9 6 6 1 ________ S A l b u q u e r q u e , N. M e x . , A p r . 1 9 6 6 1 ____________________ A llen to w n — e th le h e m — asto n , P a .— .J., F e b . 19 6 6 1 B E N A t l a n t a , G a . , M a y 1 9 6 6 1_________________________________ B a l t i m o r e , M d . , N o v . 1 9 6 5 ______________________________ B e a u m o n t —P o r t A r t h u r — r a n g e , T e x . , M a y 1 9 6 6 1 ___ O B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , A p r . 1 9 6 6 ___________________________ B o i s e C i t y , Id a h o , J u l y 1 9 6 5 _____________________________ B o s t o n , M a s s . , O c t . 1 9 6 5 1 ______________________________ 1430-78, 1465-60, 1465-64, 1465-53, 1465-71, 1465-29, 1465-63, 1465-56, 1465-1, 1465-12, 25 25 25 25 30 25 25 20 20 30 c en ts cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts c en ts cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts M i l w a u k e e , W i s . , A p r . 1 9 6 6 ------------------------------------------M i n n e a p o l i s — t . P a u l , M i n n . , J a n . 1 9 6 6 --------------------S M u s k e g o n — u s k e g o n H e i g h t s , M i c h . , M a y 1 9 6 6 1 --------M N e w a r k a n d J e r s e y C i t y , N. J . , F e b . 1 9 6 6 1 ----------------N ew H a v e n , C o n n . , J a n . 1 9 6 6 1 ------------------------------------N ew O r l e a n s , L a . , F e b . 1 9 6 6 ---------------------------------------N ew Y o r k , N. Y . , A p r . 1 9 6 5 1 __________________________ N o rfo lk — o r t s m o u t h and N e w p o rt N ews— P H a m p t o n , V a . , J u n e 1 9 6 6 _ ____________________________ O k l a h o m a C i t y , O k l a . , A u g . 1 9 6 5 --------------------------------- 1465-61, 1465-38, 1465-72, 1465-50, 1465-37, 1465-47, 1430-80, 20 cen ts 25 cen ts 25 c e n t s 30 cen ts 25 cen ts 20 cen ts 40 cen ts 1465-77, 1465-5, 20 c e n t s 20 cen ts B u f f a l o , N. Y . , D e c . 1 9 6 5 ________________________________ B u r l i n g t o n , V t . , M a r . 1 9 6 6 ______________________________ C a n t o n , O h i o , A p r . 1 9 6 6 1 -----------------------------------------------C h a r l e s t o n , W . V a . , A p r . 1 9 6 6 1_______________________ C h a r l o t t e , N. C . , A p r . 1 9 6 6 * ------------------------------------------C h a t t a n o o g a , T e n n . - G a . , S e p t . 1 9 6 5 ___________________ C h i c a g o , 1 1 1 . , A p r . 1 9 6 6 *------------------------------------------------C i n c i n n a t i , O hio — y . — d. , M a r . 1 9 6 6 1 _______________ K In C l e v e l a n d , O h io , S e p t . 1 9 6 5 --------------------------------------------C o l u m b u s , O h i o , O c t . 1 9 6 5 _______________________________ D a l l a s , T e x . , N o v . 1 9 6 5 --------------------------------------------------- 1465-36, 1465-54, 1465-58, 1465-70, 1465-67, 1465-7, 1465-68, 1465-57, 1465-8, 1465-15, 1465-24, 25 20 25 25 25 20 30 25 25 25 25 c en ts cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts c en ts cen ts cen ts c en ts cen ts cen ts 1465-13, 1465-76, 1465-35, 1465-62, 1465-46, 1465-23, 1465-73, 25 25 35 25 25 25 25 cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts D a v e n p o r t — o c k I s l a n d —M o l i n e , I o w a — R 111. , O c t . 1 9 6 5 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------D a y t o n , O h io , J a n . 1 9 6 6 1 ________________________________ D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c . 1 9 6 5 1 --------------------------------------------D e s M o i n e s , Io w a , F e b . 1 9 6 6 1 ---------------------------------------D e t r o i t , M i c h . , J a n . 1 9 6 6 -----------------------------------------------F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , N o v . 1 9 6 5 ____________________________ G r e e n B a y , W i s . , A u g . 1 9 6 5 -------------------------------------------G r e e n v i l l e , S. C . , M a y 1 9 6 6 1____________________________ H o u s to n , T e x . , J u n e 1 9 6 5 ------------------------------------------------I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d . , D e c . 1 9 6 5 1 __________________________ O m a h a , N e b r . — o w a , O c t . 1 9 6 5 1 ______________________ I P a t e r s o n — l i f t o n — a s s a i c , N. J . , M a y 1 9 6 6 1-------------C P P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . — J . , N o v. 1 9 6 5 1 ---------------------------N. P h o e n i x , A r i z . , M a r . 1 9 6 6 1 ------------------------------------------P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , J a n . 1 9 6 6 --------------------------------------------P o r t l a n d , M a i n e , N o v . 1 9 6 5 1 ___________________________ P o r t l a n d , O r e g . —W a s h . , M a y 1 9 6 6 1 ----------------------------P r o v i d e n c e —P a w t u c k e t —W a r w i c k , R. I . —M a s s . , M a y 1 9 6 6 _________________________________________________ R a l e i g h , N. C . , S e p t . 1 9 6 5 1 -------------------------------------------R i c h m o n d , V a . , N o v . 1 9 6 5 1 ____________________________ R o c k f o r d , 1 1 1 . , M a y 1 9 6 6 1 ----------------------------------------------- 1465-65, 1465-10, 1465-28, 1465-66, 25 25 30 25 cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts 1465-16, 1465-39, 1465-33, 1465-48, 1465-45, 1465-26, 1465-4, 1465-74, 1430-82, 1465-31, 20 25 30 25 25 20 20 25 25 30 cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts c en ts cen ts cen ts c en ts c en ts S t . L o u i s , M o . — 1 1 . , O c t . 1 9 6 5 _________________________ 1 S a l t L a k e C i t y , U t a h , D e c . 1 9 6 5 -----------------------------------S a n A n t o n i o , T e x . , J u n e 1 9 6 6 ___________________________ S a n B e r n a r d i n o —R i v e r s i d e — n t a r i o , C a l i f . , O S e p t . 1 9 6 5 1 ----------------------------------------------------------------------S a n D i e g o , C a l i f . , N o v . 1 9 6 5 ___________________________ S a n F r a n c i s c o — a k l a n d , C a l i f . , J a n . 1 9 6 6 1 ___________ O S a n J o s e , C a l i f . , S e p t . 1 9 6 5 1___________________________ S a v a n n a h , G a . , M a y 1 9 6 6 1----------------------------------------------S c r a n t o n , P a . , A u g . 1 9 6 5 1 ______________________________ S e a t t l e —E v e r e t t , W a s h . , O c t . 1 9 6 5 1 ----------------------------- 1465-22, 1465-32, 1465-78, 25 cen ts 20 cen ts 20 c e n t s 1465-20, 1465-21, 1465-43, 1465-19, 1465-69, 1465-3, 1465-9, 30 20 30 25 25 25 30 cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts 1465-44, 1465-41, 1465-27, 1465-80, 1465-6, 25 20 30 25 20 c en ts c en ts c en ts cen ts c en ts 1465-59, 1465-51, 1465-79, 1465-2, 1465-42, 1465-30, 30 20 25 20 30 25 c en ts c en ts cen ts c en ts cen ts c en ts S i o u x F a l l s , S . D a k . , O c t . 1 9 6 5 1----------------------------------S o u t h B e n d , I n d . , M a r . 1 9 6 6 1 __________________________ S p o k a n e , W a s h . , J u n e 1 9 6 6 ______________________________ T o l e d o , O h io —M i c h . , F e b . 1 9 6 6 ________________________ T r e n t o n , N. J . , D e c . 1 9 6 5 _______________________________ W a s h i n g t o n , D. C . — d . — a . , O c t . 1 9 6 5 ______________ M V W a t e r b u r y , C o n n . , M a r . 1 966 1 ________________________ W a t e r l o o , I o w a , N o v. 1 9 6 5 ______________________________ W i c h i t a , K a n s . , O c t . 1 9 6 5 ______________________________ W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , J u n e 1 9 6 5 __________________________ Y o r k , P a . , F e b . 1 9 6 6 1 ---------------------------------------------------Y o u n g s t o w n —W a r r e n , O h io , N o v. 1 9 6 5 1 _______________ 1465-17, 1465-55, 1465-75, 1465-49, 1465-34, 1465-14, 1465-52, 1465-18, 1465-11, 1430-76, 1465-40, 1465-25, 25 25 20 20 20 25 25 20 20 25 25 25 c en ts cen ts c en ts c en ts cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts cen ts J a c k s o n , M i s s . , F e b . 1 9 6 6 1 -------------------------------------------J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . , J a n . 1 9 6 6 ----------------------------------------K a n s a s C i t y , M o . - K a n s . , N o v . 1 9 6 5 1 _________________ L a w r e n c e — a v e r h i l l , M a s s . — . H . , J u n e 1 9 6 6 1 ______ H N L i t t l e R o c k — o r t h L i t t l e R o c k , A r k . , A u g . 1 9 6 5 ______ N L o s A n g e l e s — o n g B e a c h and A n a h e i m — a n t a A n a L S G a r d e n G r o v e , C a l i f . , M a r . 1 9 6 6 1 ___________________ L o u isville , K y .— Ind. , F e b . 1 9 6 6 ________________________ L u b b o c k , T e x . , J u n e 1 9 6 6 1 ______________________________ M a n c h e s t e r , N. H. , A u g . 1 9 6 5 ___________________________ M e m p h i s , T e n n . — r k . , J a n . 1 9 6 6 1 _____________________ A M i a m i , F l a . , D e c . 1 9 6 5 1 ------------------------------------------------M i d l a n d a n d O d e s s a , T e x --------------------------------------------------- (Not previously surveyed) D ata on establishm ent practices and supplem entary wage provisions are also presented. * Bulletins dated before July 1965 were e n title d "O ccupational Wage Surveys."